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Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania

BIOGRAPHY

BY

JOHN W. JORDAN, LL.D.

Librarian Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Author of "Colonial Families

of Philadelphia;" "Revolutionary History of Bethlehem,"

and various other works.

ILLUSTRATED

VOLUME II

NEW YORK

LEWIS HISTORICAL PUBLISmNG COMPANY

1914

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<=?49

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

^^^^^L-hvycC^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

CROXTON, John G.,

Soldier, Man of Affairs

Unique in the history of Philadelphia
was the place that was filled for many
years by the late Captain John G. Crox-
ton. Since 1872 he had been identified
with the business interests of the city,
and soon after becoming established there
his abilities came to be recognized so
that his services were much in demand in
matters pertaining to the civic welfare,
and although he had been a prominent
and successful manufacturer he was per-
haps quite as conspicuous because of his
invaluable service to the various organi-
zations which fostered the best interests
of the city. At the time of his death he
was vice-president of the Chamber of
Commerce, and for many years had been
a prominent member of that organiza-
tion, and his judgment on matters of im-
portance had very often shaped the policy
of the board.

Mr. Croxton was a native of Ohio, hav-
ing been born at Magnolia, Stark county,
March 18, 1839, son of John G. and
Susan (Smith) Croxton. His ancestry
was English. They were extensive land
owners in old England, but much of the
property was confiscated by the govern-
ment because of the fact that they had
become Quakers. However, the family
name was retained, and "Croxton Park"
is still in existence near the city of Cam-
bridge. The family migrated to Amer-
ica at an early day and settled in Ches-
ter, Pennsylvania. Many of them fought
in the War of the Revolution, some
having taken part in the battle of Ger-
mantown, where Samuel Cro.xton was
killed.

Mr. Croxton was educated in the gram-
mar schools of Ohio, and before the
war broke out had received an appoint-
ment to West Point, but at the call to
arms he was one of the first to enlist.
He was mustered in in September, 1861,

as a member of Company A, 51st Regi-
ment Ohio Volunteers, as quartermaster-
sergeant, and served in that capacity un-
til 1863. He was then made second lieu-
tenant, then first lieutenant, and finally
captain, in the fall of 1864. He served
through the war with the western army,
fighting in the battles of Murfreesboro
and Chickamauga. In September, 1864,
he went with Sherman to Atlanta, and
remained with him until the army was
divided, and was then sent with Thomas
to Nashville, where he fought in the bat-
tles of Nashville and Franklin. After this,
when Napoleon III. of France had been
warned to remove the French troops from
Mexico, General Sheridan was sent to
Texas, and Captain Croxton was among
those who went on that expedition. Napo-
leon finally withdrew his army, and this
company of volunteers were among the
last of the Union forces to be mustered
out.

At the close of the war, Mr. Croxton
returned to Ohio and located in New
Philadelphia, where he became an in-
ternal revenue officer for a short time.
He then engaged in the grocery business
at Cincinnati with his lifelong friend, Mr.
Andrew G. Wood. About this time, No-
vember 14, 1868, Mr. Croxton was mar-
ried to Miss Gertrude Bailey, of Toledo,
Ohio, who is a descendant of the well-
known Bartlett family of New England,
Josiah Bartlett, of New Hampshire, be-
ing one of the signers of the Declaration
of Independence.

In the early seventies, Mr. Croxton and
Mr. Wood came to Philadelphia and be-
gan the manufacture of shoes, under the
firm name of Croxton, Wood & Com-
pany. Their firm soon became an im-
portant one in the shoe manufacturing
industry, and Mr. Cro.xton a conspicuous
figure in the trade. He was a member of
the joint board of the Shoe Association.
They called him the ''lawyer of the
board." He was a man of fine brain, and

369

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

his sound business judgment and dis-
criminating common sense ever made
him a valuable asset to the organization.
He was what is termed in the vernacular,
"a good mixer," and he possessed those
qualities of mind and heart that made for
him a host of loyal friends.

Aside from being prominent in the af-
fairs of the Chamber of Commerce, Mr.
Croxton was one of the first directors of
the Bourse, and had been a director of
the Market Street National Bank for over
twenty-five years. He held membership
in the Union League, Manufacturers'
Club, Merion Cricket Club, and the Mil-
itary Order of the Loyal Legion.

The later years of Mr. Croxton's life
were spent in retirement, and were de-
voted largely to travel, but his interest
never flagged in an}thing that pertained
to Philadelphia's progress. In the fall
of 1912 there was held in Boston a
world's convention of the representatives
of the Chambers of Commerce from every
nation where such an organization exists,
and Mr. Croxton was the representa-
tive from Philadelphia. Upon the oc-
casion of his death the Chamber of Com-
merce passed the following resolutions:

"It is with sincere regret that we find our-
selves called upon to record our sorrow for the
death of Mr. John G. Croxton. He was one of
the organizers of this association. He has for
more than twenty years served as a member of
the Board, being one of the vice-presidents for
three years, and in that capacity he rendered val-
uable service in the work of developing the com-
merce of Philadelphia. His participation in the
debates that have occurred on this floor was
marked with logic and clearness of expression,
and on occasion influenced the action taken by
this organization on important questions. His
genial manner endeared him to all who knew
him, and to those who knew him best his taking
away will be the greatest loss."

The following resolutions were adopted
by the directors of the Market Street
National Bank:

"With sorrow we record the death in Havana,
Cuba, on Monday, February 3, 1913, of our be-
loved friend and long time associate, John G.
Croxton. Mr. Croxton had been a member of
this Board continuously since January, 1888, hav-
ing been first elected within a year of the bank's
organization. A successful business man of the
most sterling character, he was a sound adviser,
absolutely free from prejudice; always fair-
minded, he was charitable but impartial in his
judgment. He rightly maintained that character
was even more important than capital. Genial
and even tempered, his presence always tended
to make any meeting both pleasant and profitable.
We shall greatly miss his wise counsel and faith-
ful friendship which some of us have cherished
for more than thirty years. Modest and retiring
in disposition, Mr. Croxton would desire no
public eulogy, and to those who knew him none
is necessary. His life was ever clean and help-
ful to his day and generation. Philadelphia has
lost one of her most useful public-spirited citi-
zens whose sound judgment has served her
well."

HAAS, Rev. J. A. W.,

Clergyman, Author.

Among those forces that in an age of
vast material progress and the setting up
of the gods of material success, — in such
an age of commercialized ideals, one of
the great factors in the deeper, saner life
of the nation is the influence and leading
of the great men at the head of the edu-
cational institutions. The power of a
great personality placed in such a position
of responsibility is of the most mo-
mentous kind, and that the present Eu-
ropean civilizations in both hemispheres
do not meet the fate of the earlier em-
pires, will be due in the large measure
to the work of that body of men who
have charge of the wielding and directing
of the ambitions and energies of the na-
tion's youth.

To this class of men, heads of colleges,
that play so vital a part in the life of the
time, belongs Dr. John A. W. Haas.
The son of John Christian and Margaret
Haas, John A. W. Haas inherited his
father's ability as a teacher, he having

370

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A^ J M J/iJuaJ.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

been an able educator in parochial
schools. His parents came of that sub-
stantial Pennsylvania German stock that
has contributed so important an element
to the sturdy strength of that great
State. He is a younger brother of
George Christian Frederick Haas, an em-
inent Lutheran divine of New York City.
He was born in Philadelphia, August 31,
1862, and was sent to the schools of his
native city, attending the parochial school
of the Zion Evangelical Lutheran
Church, and later the Protestant Episco-
pal Academy, graduating from the lat-
ter in 1880. He then entered the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania in the arts
course, and received his degree of A.B.
in 1884. A course in the Lutheran
Theological Seminary, Mt. Airy, Phila-
delphia, followed, and from this he grad-
uated in 1887, and in this year received
from the University of Pennsylvania the
degree of A.M. and B.D., and that
same year he went over to Germany and
took a course at the University of
Leipsic.

After his return to America he was
ordained to the Lutheran ministry, and
appointed the pastor of Grace Lutheran
Church, New York City, administering
that charge for eight years. For another
eight years (1896-1904) he held the
pastorate of St. Paul's Lutheran Church,
New Y©rk City. During his incumbency
of St. Paul's a new church building was
erected, and the growth in other direc-
tions was also marked. In 1902, Thiel
College conferred upon him the degree
of D.D. While pastor of St. Paul's
Church, Dr. Haas was called to the presi-
dency of Muhlenberg College, Allen-
town, Pennsylvania, an institution which
exerts a wide influence in that part of
the State. He has brought to that col-
lege qualifications that eminently fit the
requirements of the work, — a thorough
scholarship, a wide experience in dealing
with the deeper aspects of the large as-

pects of the national life, and that in-
definable power of leadership which sets
him, whatever his official position, in the
class of those who move others and are
themselves unmoved.

Dr. Haas was for several years secre-
tary of the Association of College Presi-
dents of Pennsylvania, and is a member
of the Pennsylvania Society of New
York City. He is a frequent contributor
to religious periodicals, and is the author
of "Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
in Lutheran Commentary," 1895; "Bible
Literature," 1903; and "Biblical Criti-
cism," 1903. He was also a co-editor and
a contributor to the "Lutheran Cyclo-
pedia," 1899.

Dr. Haas married, in New York City,
October 6, 1891, Charlotte, daughter of
Charles D. and Fredericka Boscheus.

EHRGOOD, Hon. Allen Walborn,

Iia^ryer, Jurist.

The following tribute was paid the
memory of Judge Ehrgood by the Le-
banon county bar and presented to his
widow by the committee, whose names
are attached :

In Memoriam

Judge Allen W. Ehrgood, born October 2. 1857,
died May 20, 1910.

Left fatherless in infancy, Allen Ehrgood
availed himself of the meagre opportunities of-
fered by the public school, from which he gradu-
ated in 1876. After a short course in teaching,
he took up the work of his chosen profession,
the law, to which he came equipped with a rug-
ged constitution, indomitable energy, and a will
calculated to overcome every obstacle. Admit-
ted to the bar of Lebanon county, January 6, 1880,
and two years later to practice before the Su-
preme Court of the Commonwealth, his grasp
of the fundamental principles of the law and his
close application, made him a strong factor in the
professional world in which he lived and moved,
resulting in his election as District Attorney,
which office he filled in a highly creditable man-
ner, from January, 1887, to January, 1890. At
the first election, following the creation of Leba-

371

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

non county as a separate judicial district, he was
elected its President Judge in 1895, for the full
term of ten years, and was reelected in 1905.
During his long career as Judge, he ever dis-
played a keen sense of right, and a fixed purpose
to administer justice. Endowed with a judicial
temperament, a strong analytical mind, and acute
perceptive faculties, he performed the duties of
the office with marked ability and credit.

As a man, lawyer and judge his unswerving
honesty was predominant in his character and
work, and stands to-day as a shining example
before the world and profession.

The Bar of Lebanon county desires this minute
to be spread upon the record of the court as an
expression of the appreciation of the sterling
qualities and attainments of the late Judge, and
extends its sincere sympathy to his family.

(Signed)

A. Frank Seltzer,
C. V. Henry,

E. D. Miller,
S. P. Light,

J. H. Shindel,

F. H. Lehm.an,
C. K. Whitmer,

Committee.

To this tribtite there must be added
these facts concerning Judge Ehrgood.
He was a son of Jacob and Rebecca
(Walborn) Ehrgood, whose home was at
Monroe Forge. Bethel township, Leb-
anon county, Pennsylvania. He was a
graduate of Millersville State Normal
School, in the class of 1876. He taught
eight terms in the public schools of the
county, six of these while attending the
normal school, and two terms after hav-
ing been graduated from that school.
His legal study was under the preceptor-
ship of William G. Lehman, and his rise
in the law was most rapid. His work
as a public prosecutor won him a wide
reputation. While a Judge, he had the
proud record of having his decision re-
versed in very few instances, by either
the State Supreme or Superior courts.

During his first term as Judge he was
called to sit as one of the Board of
Judges to hear the celebrated Schuylkill
county election contest, requiring several

months of most arduous labor on his
part, but adding very greatly to his rep-
utation as a wise, impartial jurist. This
high standing he maintained until the
too early close of his judicial career.
Through his sterling qualities of mind
and heart he won his way to eminence,
and never did he forfeit the great confi-
dence reposed in him by the people of
Lebanon county. He was most friendly
to all, easy to approach and of most
simple tastes. He was ever considerate
of the rights and privileges of the mem-
bers of the bar and to the unfortunate
criminal he was as merciful as his judici-
al obligation would permit. Devoted as
he was to his profession he was not iso-
lated from his community, but one with
them in their interests and activities.

He was a member of the Masonic or-
der, and held in affectionate esteem by
his brethren of that order ; member of
the Patriotic Order Sons of America;
the Junior Order of American Mechanics ;
Royal Arcanum ; Benevolent and Pro-
tective Order of Elks, and the Steitz Club
of Lebanon. He was interested in the
Fire Department, and belonged to Rescue
Hose Company. He was also a member
of the Lebanon County Historical So-
ciety.

He married Anna jNIary, daughter of
Joseph Schantz, who survives him, a
resident of Lebanon, with their two chil-
dren : Dora Mabel, married, June 14,
1912, Henry H. Armstrong, professor of
Latin and Greek at Oberlin College,
Ohio ; and Allen Henry Ehrgood, a grad-
uate of Amherst College, Massachusetts,
now a law student at Pennsylvania L^ni-
versity.

HOLT, Richard Smith,

Lawryer, Jurist.

Judge Richard Smith Holt owes the
prominent position which he today oc-
cupies in the community entirely to his

372

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

own ability and exertions, having started
out in life as a farmer's boy, and with
but limited means and opportunities. He
is a son of Samuel J. and Mary Ann
(Taylor) Holt, a grandson of William
Holt, a great-grandson of Thomas Holt
Jr., and a great-great-grandson of
Thomas Holt Sr.

The family is of English origin.
Thomas Flolt Sr. removed from the
eastern part of Pennsylvania to Mifflin
county, Pennsylvania, settling in Mc-
Veytown, Oliver township, where he
owned six hundred acres of land. Wil-
liam Holt located in Brighton township,
Beaver county, Pennsylvania, about 1833.

Samuel Jacob Holt, father of Judge
Holt, was born in Brighton township,
Beaver county, Pennsylvania, and was
reared on a farm. When grown he fol-
lowed the occupation of teaming until
he purchased a farm in Brighton town-
ship, upon which he lived until 1898,
when he abandoned farming and retired
to Beaver, Pennsylvania, to live. He
was united in marriage with Mary Ann
Taylor, whose death occurred June 9,
1898. Mrs. Holt was a daughter of Wil-
liam B. Taylor, who in 1825 emigrated
from the parish of Ballynahinch, Ireland,
to America. He was born in the parish
of Inch, county Down, Ireland. His
father was John Taylor.

Richard Smith Holt was born Decem-
ber 15, i860, at Vanport, Beaver county,
Pennsylvania. He was reared on his
father's farm, assisting in the ordinary
work of the place, and receiving his early
education in the public schools of Brigh-
ton township. After attending the public
schools he attended Peirsol's Academy,
Bridgewater, Pennsylvania, and subse-
quently, the State Normal School at Ed-
inboro, Pennsylvania. He taught school
for several years, during the last three
years of which time he was also a student
of law at night and in the mornings, plac-

ing himself under the instruction of Sam-
uel B. Wilson, Esq., an eminent lawyer,
of Beaver, Pennsylvania. On May 7,
1888, he was admitted to the bar, and at
once began practice on his own account
in Beaver. He continued thus for a
short time, and on January i, 1899,
formed a partnership with George Wil-
son, a son of his preceptor. This part-
nership was most successful, and lasted
for many years, the firm being engaged
in a great number of the most important
cases tried in Beaver courts.

Mr. Holt brought to bear upon the
practice of his profession the same in-
dustry and application which he had
manifested in the acquisition of his edu-
cation, both general and legal ; and the
result was that his standing in profes-
sional circles was very soon in the front
rank. In November, 1905, he was elected
Presiding Judge of the Thirty-sixth Ju-
dicial District of Pennsylvania, compris-
ing Beaver county, the term of office to
continue until January, 1916. In poli-
tics he is a Republican. He is a mem-
ber of a great number of lodges and or-
ganizations. He belongs to the Order of
Independent Americans, Knights of
Pythias, Knights of the Golden Eagle,
Woodmen of the World, Benevolent and
Protective Order of Elks and to the In-
dependent Order of Odd Fellows.

Judge Holt married, August 21, 1884,
Miss Sarah E. Brunton, daughter of Wil-
liam A. and Mary Jane (Veazey) Brun-
ton. Mr. Brunton was a farmer of the
vicinity, and during the Civil War served
as a soldier in the Union army. His wife,
Mary Jane (Veazey) Brunton, was a
daughter of Francis Veazey, and was
born in Hopewell township, Beaver coun-
ty, Pennsylvania. Judge and Mrs. Holt
are the parents of six children, named as
follows: Beulah G., Mary Jane, Eliza-
beth W., Margaret A., Sarah E., and
Eleanor T.

373

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

JORDAN, John Woolf, LL.D.,

Iiitteratenr.

John Woolf Jordan, LL.D., Librarian
of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania,
and an author of note, is descended from
Frederick Jordan, of French extraction,
who was born in county Kent, England,
and came to America in his early man-
hood, locating for a time in Pennsyl-
vania, and then removing to Hunterdon
county. New Jersey. He bore an hon-
orable part in the Revolutionary War,
serving in the Second Regiment, New
Jersey Continental Line, participating in
the Yorktown campaign. He married
Catherine Eckel, of Bucks county, Penn-
sylvania. Their son, John Jordan, was
born in Hunterdon county, New Jersey.
He entered the counting house of his
uncle, Godfrey Haga, the eminent Phila-
delphia merchant and philanthropist,
whom he succeeded in the business. He
married Elizabeth Henry, daughter of
Hon. William Henry. Francis Jordan,
son of John and Elizabeth (Henry) Jor-
dan, was a native of Philadelphia, and
became a prominent merchant in that
city, and connected with a number of
its important financial institutions. He
married Emily Woolf, daughter of John
Lewis and Margaret (Ewing) Woolf.
Her father was a prominent citizen of
Philadelphia; held many public positions,
and was a lieutenant-colonel of militia
during the second war with England.
Her grandfather, Lewis Woolf, a native
of Hanover, Germany, became a resident
of Pottsgrove, Philadelphia (now Mont-
gomery) county, and served in the Con-
tinental army, in the Troop Marechausse,
commanded by Captain Bartholomew
Von Heer, and accoutred as light dra-
goons.

John Woolf Jordan, eldest son of
Francis and Emily (Woolf) Jordan, was
born in Philadelphia, September 14, 1840.
He received his education in private

schools in that city, and Nazareth Hall,
from which he was graduated in 1856.
During the "emergency" of 1863, when
the State was invaded by the army under
General Lee, he served in Starr's Battery,
attached to the Thirty-second Regiment
Pennsylvania Militia.

As librarian of the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania, Dr. Jordan (LL.D., La-
fayette College, 1902) has charge of the
splendid library and valuable archives of
that institution, and since 1887 editor of
the Pennsylvania Magazine of History
and Biography, and of the present work :
"Encyclopedia of Pennsylvania Biogra-
phy." His contributions to local and
general history are numerous and valu-
able. He edited the Diary of Jacob Hiltz-
heimer, of Philadelphia, 1765-1798; Or-
derly Book of the Pennsylvania Regi-
ment of Foot, 1777; Orderly Book,
Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion, Col. An-
thony Wayne, 1776; Orderly Book, Sec-
ond Pennsylvania Line, Col. Henry Bick-
er, 1778; Orderly Book, Gen. J. P. G.
Muhlenberg, 1777; Orderly Book, Seven-
teenth British Foot, Major Robert Clay-
ton, 1778; John Martin Mack's narrative
of a visit to Onondaga in 1752; Bishop
J. C. F. Cammerhoflf's Journal of a Jour-
ney to Shamokin, 1748 ; Annals of Wech-
quetauk, Indian Mission, 1760-1763; An-
nals of Wyalusing, Indian Mission.
Among his writings are: "A Red Rose
from the Olden Time, 1752-1772,"
"Friedenstahl and Its Stockaded Mill,"
"Narrative of John Heckwelder's Jour-
ney to the Wabash in 1792," "John Heck-
welder's Notes of Travel to Ohio, 1797,"
"Bishop A. G. Spangenberg's Journey to
Onondaga in 1747," "Military Hospitals
at Bethelem and Lititiz During the Revo-
lution," "Revolutionary History of Beth-
lehem, 1775-1783," "Battle of German-
town," and "Franklin as a Genealogist."
He has edited and contributed to numer-
ous works such as "Colonial Families of
Philadelphia," "Colonial and Revolution-

374

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ary Families of Pennsylvania," etc., etc.

Dr. Jordan was first president of the
Pennsylvania Federation of Historical
Societies, vice-president of the Colonial
Society of Pennsylvania, registrar of the
Pennsylvania Society Sons of the Revo-
lution, vice-president of the Swedish Co-
lonial Society, honorary member of the
Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati,
and connected with many learned socie-
ties. He is also a commissioner of Val-
ley Forge Park, and holds a similar con-
nection with the Commission for the
Preservation of the Public Records of
Pennsylvania.

Dr. Jordan married Anne, daughter of
Alfred and Rebecca Page, and has issue
two sons and one daughter.

VARE, William S.,

Congressman, Public Benefactor.

There is no name in Philadelphia bet-
ter known than that of William S. Vare,
present Congressman from the First Con-
gressional District of Pennsylvania, nor
is there a man in the entire city with
a greater personal following. He is a
native-born Philadelphian, and until his
election to Congress his entire interests
were in his native city. Born in South
Philadelphia, he never ceased his efforts
to improve that section. He has lived
with his constituency, worked with them
and for them, and while much credit is
due to the Business Men's Association
for their efforts, it is to Mr. Vare that
the credit is largely due, for the great im-
provement in religious, industrial, educa-
tional and social conditions in that part of
Philadelphia commonly called "The Neck"
— that portion of the city lying below
South street, between the Schuylkill and
Delaware rivers. To tabulate and explain
his work of the past decade would require
a volume ; but when the prosperity of the
churches, the improved condition of the
public schools, the splendid municipal

improvements, and the ample police and
fire protection, are contrasted with the
"Neck" of old, there is but one answer —
William S. Vare. Therein lies the secret
of his political success and popularity.
He has worked for his constituents' in-
terest, and their gratitude is shown by
their devotion to the interests of their
friend.

There is nothing selfish, however, in
Mr. Vare's devotion to the interests of
South Philadelphia. It is his home and
he loves it. To that section he has given
from his private purse with a generosity
only inspired by love for the people
among whom- his life has been spent. An
instance among many is his donation of
a year's salary as recorder of deeds ($io,-
ooo), to Messiah Methodist Episcopal
Church, at Moyamensing avenue and
Morris street, as a tribute to the memory
of a devoted Methodist mother who at-
tended that church, later renamed by the
trustees: The Abigail Vare Memorial
Methodist Episcopal Church. This hon-
ored woman, "The mother of seven sons
and three daughters, and the mother prac-
tically of unnumbered needy ones," is
further remembered in that section by
the naming after her of the first modern
elementary school in South Philadelphia.
She was a lifelong member of the Metho-
dist Episcopal church, and exerted over
her sons a strong influence, that her son,
William S., testified to in these words,
when asked to explain his success in life:
"I had the benefit of a Christian home
training. I was taught to be industrious,
prudent in money matters and to value
friendship."

William S. Vare was born in the Vare
homestead. Fourth street and Snyder ave-
nue, Philadelphia, December 24, 1867. He
attended public school, but left grammar
school to take a position in a department
store, soon earning promotion to the
auditing department, an experience par-
ticularly beneficial in its effect upon his

375

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

future. Shortly after attaining majority
he was elected a member of the execu-
tive committee of the First Ward Re-
publican Club, and soon after became
president of the club. He quickly showed
his genius for organization and became a
recognized leader. In 1898 he was elected
to Select Council from the First Ward,
which then included the present Thirty-
ninth Ward, and in 1901 was re-elected.
His platform was characteristic : "My
constituents' interests are my interests ;
a greater navy yard ; more small parks
and a greater League Island Park ; com-
pletion of the boulevard ; better street
railway facilities ; additional school build-
ings ; better police and fire protection ;
and streets graded and improved, so that
builders may be encouraged and not
handicapped." Unlike party platforms,
his planks were meant to be literally con-
strued, and in a great measure all his
promises have been made good, so far as
within his power. The "Greater Navy
Yard" is a national affair, but much prog-
ress has been made; his "Greater League
Island Park" contains three hundred
acres, artistically planned and modernly
equipped as a people's resort and play-
ground. To Mr. Vare too much credit
cannot be given for this great boon to
South Philadelphia. His promise of ad-
ditional schools was most faithfully kept.
The fine buildings at Broad and Jackson
streets, the home of Southern High and
Manual Training High School, are the
result of his efforts and liberality. This
is the first sectional public high school in
the city and was dedicated in the most
imposing manner. Other public schools
in South Philadelphia testify to his con-
cern for the education of the youth of
that section. Better street railway facili-
ties promised were also secured. Mr.
Vare appeared before the board of di-
rectors of the Rapid Transit Company
and so successfully urged the cause of
hfs constituents that free transfers were

granted at nearly every important junc-
tion.

In 1896 he was appointed a mercantile
appraiser by City Treasurer Clayton Mc-
Michael. He was chosen president of
the board and assigned to the business
district of the city, in which the great
department stores, hotels and important
industrial establishments are located. On
November 5, 1901, Mr. Vare was elected
Recorder of Deeds of the city of Phila-
delphia, and resigned his seat in Select
Council. This is one of the most respon-
sible and exacting of positions, and tested
thoroughly Mr. Vare's fitness for a pub-
lic trust. He was opposed for election
by John Virdin, then recorder, a candi-
date on the Municipal League and Union
party tickets, the Democrats running
their own candidate. Mr. Vare won over
all by a majority of nearly 30,000 votes.
In 1904 he was again chosen for the same
office by the enormous vote of 211,018,
against a total adverse vote of 42,520.
Although the office of Recorder of Deeds
has been regarded as a "one term" posi-
tion, so ably had Mr. Vare administered
his trust that in 1907 he was awarded,
as a tribute to his capable administration,
a third nomination. The vote, although
not so large as in 1904, stood 140,058 for
Mr. Vare, to 55,324 for the combined
Democratic and City party candidates.
This third election, without precedent,
was most significant and deserved, as
was proved at a public dinner given in
his honor in 1907, when he was compli-
mented, by those who had dealings with
his office, upon his thorough business ad-
ministration. Another flattering demon-
stration in his honor occurred in 1908,
on the return of Mr. Vare from a trip
to Europe, when about one thousand of
his business and political friends and
neighbors dined with him on the sward
at Essingen. This testimonial was under
the auspices of the South Philadelphia
Business Men's Association and the ward

376

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

political committees of that section. That
he placed the recorder's office on a plane
of efficiency never before attained, was
testified to in 1909, and from an unex-
pected quarter. Secretary Waldo, of the
Civil Service Reform Association, when
testifying before a legislative committee
of inquiry was asked his opinion of the
recorder's office. He admitted it was ad-
mirably managed, and attributed it to
the "unusual executive gifts" possessed
by Recorder Vare. This was a deserved
endorsement, and the facts show that dur-
ing his term of office the handling of
deeds and mortgages had been so ex-
pedited that trust companies, conveyan-
cers and real estate agents who were
formerly compelled to wait months to
have such instruments recorded, could
have them back in as many weeks.

In 1912 Mr. Vare was elected to Con-
gress, to fill a vacancy caused by the
death of the sitting member. There was
but little organized opposition to his elec-
tion, the result being a foregone conclu-
sion. Should he desire to remain in Con-
gress, there is no doubt he will exert the
same helpful influence for Philadelphia's
welfare that has ever characterized his
public life, and with the ripening judg-
ment of maturer years become even a
wiser, greater and more prominent friend
of his people. Lest it should appear that
Mr. Vare uses his popularity only to ad-
vance his own interests, it should be
stated that his district has been in times
of stress and peril the strong bulwark of
his party. In the dark days of 1905 it
was the banner Republican district in the
State, and in 1906 the fifteen thousand
majority from the "Vare Wards" gave
District Attorney Rotan his election,
which was only won by a bare twelve
thousand votes. In the Progressive re-
volt of 1912, South Philadelphia remained
true to party nominations and stood
bravely by President Taft.

The career of Congressman Vare has

only begun, and, should he elect to re-
main in public life, there is no office to
which he has not an earned right to as-
pire, and with his record of usefulness
to recommend him there will be few to
doubt his eminent fitness for any post
of duty. A proven business man of abil-
ity, an executive of unusual merit and
a man whose personal honor stands un-
impeached, is his record of forty-five
years residence in Philadelphia, from
boyhood to mature manhood. He is a
member of Valks Lodge, No. 393, Free
and Accepted Masons ; St. John's Chap-
ter, No. 232, Royal Arch Masons ; Merry
Commandery, No. 36, Knights Templar;
Lulu Temple, Ancient Arabic Order
Nobles of the Mystic Shrine ; a life mem-
ber of Philadelphia Lodge, No. 2, Benevo-
lent and Protective Order of Elks; and
the Improved Order of Red Men. Mr.
Vare also holds membership in the Army
and Navy Club, Washington, D. C. ; the
Manufacturers' Club, and all of the South
Philadelphia Republican clubs.

Mr. Vare married Ida Morris, daughter
of Samuel Morris, of an old New Eng-
land family. They have three daughters :
Ida May, Beatrice and Mildred.

DARE, Arthur, A.M., M.D.,
Physician, Surgeon, Anthor, Inventor.

Dr. Arthur Dare, whose name is fa-
miliar to the readers of scientific publi-
cations and also as the inventor of sev-
eral instruments which have proven of
the utmost value in the advancement of
the study of the blood as a clinical rou-
tine, was born in Plattsburg, New York,
December 24, 1869. Upon his gradu-
ation from Jefferson Medical College of
Philadelphia, in 1890, he began practice
at No. 1419 Chestnut street, Philadelphia,
and at once became a clinical assistant
in the out-patient departments of Jeffer-
son Hospital, changing from one depart-
ment to another and gaining experience

377

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

in the various branches of medicine and
surgery. He eventually adopted internal
medicine and diagnosis as his specialty.
After long experience in the medical de-
partment he was appointed Demonstrator
of Physical Diagnosis to the sophomore
classes and later Demonstrator of Medi-
cine to the junior and senior classes of
Jefiferson Medical College and held simi-
lar clinics at the Philadelphia General
Hospital (Blockley).

In 1900 Dr. Dare devised and per-
fected an instrument known later as the
Dare hemoglobinometer ; this instrument
was introduced to the medical profession
by an article published in the Philadel-
phia Medical Journal, September 22,
igoo, and the Johns Hopkins Bulletin,
describing "A New Hemoglobinometer
for the Examination of Undiluted Blood ;"
subsequently by demonstrations and
papers read before the Philadelphia
County Medical Society, the Johns Hop-
kins University in Baltimore and by a
monograph widely distributed to physi-
cians, comparing the relative merits of
non-dilution methods and those employ-
ing the dilution of the blood with arti-
ficial serums. The advantages of the in-
strument were at once recognized by
naval surgeons as being the most satis-
factory method available on board ship,
as the examination is not influenced by
sea motion. It is the standard hemoglob-
inometer of the army and is very widely
employed in the hospitals and labora-
tories and by reason of the simple tech-
nique and the extremely short time re-
quired to make an examination, which
need not exceed two minutes, has ad-
vanced enormously the routine study of
the blood in the private practice of phy-
sicians.

Dr. Dare then turned his attention to
the study of chemistry of the blood and
in 1903 demonstrated a new instrument
for the determination of the alkalinity of
the blood at the Johns Hopkins Univer-

sity in Baltimore and later before the
Pathological Society of Philadelphia and
the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.
The new method of hemo-alkalimetry
substituted the spectroscope for the un-
certain method of determining the reac-
tion by color indicators, as litmus, etc.
"The spectroscope is an indicator of such
delicacy that it can show the presence
of sodium in the sun ninety-five million
miles from this planet." By means of
this extremely accurate instrument he
was able to demonstrate that a marked
relation existed between the alkalinity of
normal blood and the color index; in
health that they run altogether parallel,
that in disease this relation is altered.
His paper (read at the Johns Hopkins
University, April 6, 1903), "A New
Method of Hemo-Alkalimetry and a New
Hemo-Alkalimeter," gave a chart show-
ing the characteristic changes in certain
pathological conditions studied. Dr. Dare
occupied the position as physician to the
hospital and teacher of medicine to Jef-
ferson College until taken ill with ty-
phoid fever. This illness necessitated en-
tire suspension of the practice of medi-
cine for two years. During this period,
while rebuilding his constitution in the
Adirondacks, he began the study of
acoustics and in 1908 was granted United
States letters patent for sound transmit-
ting devices. This was preliminary to a
device for silencing or rendering inaudi-
ble the speaker's voice when conversing
over the electric telephone : the coherence
of speech is destroyed to the outside of
the instrument into which the operator
converses, while the conversation is heard
naturally over the line at the distal end.
This device is practically perfected and
promises a marked advance in telephony.
Dr. Dare has been engaged in active
practice and scientific medical research
since his return to Philadelphia in the
fall of 1907. His profession constitutes

378

^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the paramount interest in his life. He
recognizes the fact that herein is his
opportunity for doing good to his fel-
lowmen, and while he is not without
that laudable ambition for success which
is the stimulus for all business endeavor,
he has at the same time given freely of
his professional service and talent for
the benefit of mankind.

DENT, Henry H.,

Business Man.

Henry H. Dent, president of the Dent
Hardware Company, is a native of Eng-
land. He was born in 1861, a son of
Joseph and Sarah (Hewitt) Dent, who
were also natives of England. In 1866
the parents emigrated to the United
States with their family, locating in New-
ark, New Jersey, where the father carried
on business as an architect and builder.
To him and his wife were born thirteen
children, seven of whom are still living,
namely : Emma, Elizabeth, Sarah, Julia,
Nellie, Henry H. and Edwin.

Henry H. Dent completed his educa-
tion by graduation in the high school of
Newark, New Jersey. In his youth he
occupied various clerical positions, act-
ing as bookkeeper and in other capacities,
and in 1889 he removed to Allentown,
where he again accepted a position as
bookkeeper. In 1894 he became superin-
tendent of the Allentown Hardware Com-
pany, and the following year on the
incorporation of the Dent Hardware
Company, was chosen president, and has
since acted in this capacity, bringing to
bear his keen discrimination and un-
faltering-energy in the successful conduct
of what has become one of the leading
and most productive industries of Allen-
town.

In 1880, Henry H. Dent was united in
marriage to Miss Jessie Roder, of New
Jersey, and they have two children :
Harry C. and Walter R. Dent.

WIGLEY, Arthur B.,

Mercantile Agency Executive.

Some men there are of interests so
varied and talents so versatile as to ren-
der the task of describing them extremely
difficult. Moving in so many spheres of
endeavor and conspicuous in all, they
seem to belong in almost equal measure
to each one. Such was the case with the
late Arthur Benjamin Wigley, for more
than thirty years manager of the Pitts-
burgh office of the R. G. Dun & Com-
pany Mercantile Agency. Mr. Wigley
was prominent not only as a business
man but also by reason of his long and
close connection with the charitable in-
terests of the city, while his association
with fraternal circles was so intimate and
conspicuous as to render the record of
his career an essential part of their an-
nals.

Arthur Benjamin Wigley was born De-
cember 30, 1848, in Uttoxeter, England,
and was a son of Josiah and Mary
(Steele) Wigley. His education was re-
ceived in his native country and in Can-
ada, whither his parents emigrated when
he was but eight years old. At the age
of eighteen he entered the Toronto office
of the R. G. Dun & Company Mercantile
Agency, where his faithfulness and abil-
ity soon attracted the notice of his su-
periors, causing him to be steadily and
rapidly advanced. In 1869, when he was
but twenty-one years of age, he was ap-
pointed manager of the office of the Dun
agency at Toledo, Ohio. Such was his
efficiency in this position that two years
later he was promoted to the manager-
ship of the offices in Louisville, Ken-
tucky, and in October, 1876, succeeded to
the place which he filled so successfully
during the remainder of his life — that of
manager of the agency's office in Pitts-
burgh.

As Daniel Webster has said, "Credit
has done more, a thousand times, to en-

379

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

rich nations, than all the mines of all the
world," and the necessities of the mer-
chant, the manufacturer and the banker
brought into existence what is known as
the Mercantile Agency, R. G. Dun &
Company being the oldest, largest and
most complete organization of its kind
in the world. The Pittsburgh office was
established in 1852, and during Mr. Wig-
ley's administration the business greatly
increased, branches being set up at
Wheeling, Canton, Youngstown, Zanes-
ville and East Liverpool. In all the posi-
tions which he successively filled he ex-
hibited remarkable executive ability, an
astonishingly clear perception of the
wants of the different organizations and
a judgment that was seldom at fault
when their financial policy was to be con-
sidered. As manager of the Pittsburgh
office his business interests were of a
most important nature, demanding the
services of one whose ability was of a
superior order and whose well balanced
forces were manifest in sound judgment
and a ready and rapid understanding of
any problem that might be presented for
solution. He combined with capable
management and unfaltering enterprise
a spirit of justice, and while the business
was carefully systematized in order that
there might be no needless expenditure
of time, material or labor, never did he
make the mistake of regarding his em-
ployes merely as parts of a great ma-
chine, but recognized their individuality,
making it a rule that faithful and effi-
cient service should be promptly re-
warded with promotion as opportunity
offered.

In all concerns relative to the city's
welfare Mr. Wigley's interest was deep
and sincere, and wherever substantial aid
would further public progress it was
freely given. In politics he was a Re-
publican, and, while steadily refusing to
hold office, ever gave loyal support to all
measures calculated to promote the best

interests of Pittsburgh. Widely but un-
ostentatiously charitable, no good work
done in the name of philanthropy or re-
ligion sought his co-operation in vain.
He was one of the organizers, when first
formed, of the Protestant Episcopal
Church of the Ascension, and was a
member until his death.

Among Mr. Wigley's most noticeable
characteristics was the active interest
which he took in fraternal organizations.
He was initiated in St. John's Lodge, No.
219, F. and A. M., of which he became
master in 1893 ; and he was also promi-
nent in Scottish Rite Masonry. In 1878
he became a member of Pittsburgh Com-
mandery, No. i. Knights Templar, sev-
eral times held the office of eminent com-
mander, and during the triennial conclave
held some years ago in Pittsburgh, was
one of those who made it such a brilliant
sviccess. He was president of the Ma-
sonic Country Club and the Masonic
Fund Society, and vice-president of the
Masonic Veterans of Pennsylvania, an
organization of distinction in the order.
He was also a member of the Duquesne,
Pittsburgh, and the Pittsburgh Athletic
Clubs.

Of fine personal appearance and im-
posing presence, Mr. Wigley's resolute
countenance and searching eyes were in-
dicative of his energy of mind, aggressive
disposition and resourceful intellect, and
they were also expressive of a genial na-
ture rich in those beautiful qualities
which win and hold friends. Courteous,
dignified, kindly in manner and speech,
quick and decisive in character, but al-
ways considerate of others and exceed-
ingly generous, he was a gentleman in
every sense of the word.

Mr. Wigley married (first) in 1875,
Anna Maria Lynch, of Brampton, On-
tario, who died in 1877. They had one
child, Mary Anna. He married (second)
in 1880, Blanche Evans, of Bristol, Eng-
land, who died in 1887. They had three

380

^7^

^-^S-^^^d^ ^^- /- lA-2^^^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

children: Chas. ; Alice Blanche, who mar-
ried Arthur Vail Spinosa, of Pittsburgh ;
and Grace Ellsmore. He married (third)
July 27, 1892, Marion Louisa, daughter
of George and Sarah (Thistle) Green, of
Brampton, Canada. They had six chil-
dren : Norman, Walter Franklin, Don-
ald Thistle, Louis Alexander, Alan Ben-
jamin, and Kathleen Phyllis St. John
Wigley. Mrs. Wigley is a woman of
grace, charm and tact, and gifted with
foresight and business acumen of a high
order. The beautiful home over which
she presides is noted for its refined and
openhanded hospitality.

The death of Mr. Wigley, which oc-
curred March 16. 1910, removed from
Pittsburgh one who throughout his ca-
reer was the soul of honor, distinguished
by a loyalty to principle which won the
unqualified respect and regard of every
associate and friend. Broad in views,
buoyant in disposition, honest, sincere
and self-reliant, he stood for many years
as one of the most eminent and valued
citizens of Pittsburgh.

Arthur Benjamin Wigley was one of
those men who are widely remembered
because they touched life at so many
points. As business man and citizen he
rendered notable service to his commun-
ity. As friend, as neighbor, as member
of fraternal organizations, he was loved
as few men have been, and today his
memory is cherished in numberless
hearts.

ORMROD, George,

Man of Iiarge Affairs.

George Ormrod, of Allentown, Penn-
sylvania, has been a promoter of several
important enterprises in coal, iron and
cement that have contributed to the de-
velopment and substantial upbuilding of
the Schuylkill and Lehigh Valleys, and
is today progressive and active in the
management of his business aflfairs, and

may well be called one of the Captains
of Industries.

He was born July 13th, 1839, at Pres-
ton, Lancashire, England, and when nine-
teen years of age left Manchester, Eng-
land, May 17, 1859, for the United States,
to visit his uncle, William Donaldson
(his mother's brother), who was then
proprietor of a large anthracite colliery
in Tamaqua, Schuylkill county, Pennsyl-
vania.

A couple of weeks later, after Mr. Orm-
rod's arrival in Tamaqua, June i8th,
1859, his uncle, William Donaldson, met
with an accident at about five hundred
feet below the surface in his own col-
liery at Tamaqua, and was burned about
his head by an explosion of firedamp.
This resulted in his death, July 20th,
1859, age fifty-six and one-half years.
Mr. Ormrod was then prevailed upon by
his cousins to remain in Tamaqua, and
was soon after put to work as outside
assistant 'superintendent at his uncle's
colliery, called "The Shaft Colliery" at
Tamaqua, Pennsylvania.

Owing to the death of his father,
George Ormrod, when less than two
years of age, was taken to raise by an
uncle and aunt, from Preston to Man-
chester, England, and in his early boy-
hood days attended the Quaker schools,
and later was educated in the private
schools of that city. He also attended
the School of Design in IManchester, later
working nearly two years in a railway
locomotive shop at Gorton, near Man-
chester, just previous to his leaving
Liverpool, England, for the L'nited
States, May 17th, 1859.

Mr. Ormrod's father, also his grand-
father, spelled their name with the letter
"e" in it, as "Ormerod," and it is so
marked on their gravestones in the
Church of England graveyards in Pres-
ton, and at Bolton, Lancashire, England.
Why the "e" was left out he does not

381

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

know, unless his uncle, William Mark-
land, taught him to leave it out.

Mr. Ormrod married, in 1861, Permilla
Johnson, the oldest daughter of John H.
and Catherine H. Johnson, of Tamaqua,
Pennsylvania, and soon after joined his
father-in-law, Mr. Johnson (formerly of
the firm of Radcliff & Johnson, colliery
proprietors at Tamaqua and Beaver
Meadows, Pennsylvania), in the opera-
tion of an anthracite colliery at the Upper
Mines on the north-east side of Tamaqua,
Pennsylvania, for several years. Later,
Mr. Ormrod, with his father-in-law, Mr.
Johnson, and his cousin, John Donald-
son, with several others, built in 1865 and

1866 and operated until December, 1879,
the Girard Mammoth Colliery at Raven
Run, Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania.
Mr. Ormrod was manager of the colliery
and also a director, and lived at Raven
Run about ten and one-half years, from

1867 to 1877, during the trouble with the
Mollie Maguires. Mr. Ormrod was then
made president of the Coal Company,
and shortly after he moved to Philadel-
phia, and in 1879 they sold the colliery
to the Philadelphia & Reading Coal and
Iron Co.

Mr. Ormrod, during these many years,
was also a stockholder and director in
the St. Nicholas Coal Co., operating the
St. Nicholas colliery near Mahanoy City,
Pennsylvania, and was later made presi-
dent of the Coal Company, and during
this time, from 1878 to 1881, he resided
in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania. They finally sold the colliery to
the Philadelphia & Reading Coal and
Iron Co., and leased the Emaus Blast
Furnace from the same party.

Early in the month of August, 1880,
while repairs were being made to the
Emaus Blast Furnace by the Philadel-
phia & Reading Coal and Iron Co., Mr.
Ormrod, by request of Mr. Robert
Thomas, president of the Thomas Coal
Co., took temporary charge of their Keh-

ley Run Colliery at Shenandoah, Schuyl-
kill county, Pennsylvania. Owing to an
accident at this colliery, the general man-
ager and his two inside foremen lost their
lives through being overcome by the
deadly mine gases a couple of days before
Mr. Ormrod took charge. The mine was
on fire, and while Mr. Ormrod, with the
chief engineer, on September ist, were
making an examination inside the mines,
at a depth of over five hundred feet be-
low the surface, an explosion of mine
gas occurred, killing his inside foreman
and injuring several others, while Mr.
Ormrod narrowly escaped with his life.
He received several severe bruises, his
left foot being the most severe, which
took about a month's time to recover.

Early in 1880, Mr. Ormrod, with his
cousin, John Donaldson, and W. S.
Thomas, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
and H. H. Fisher, of Allentown, Pennsyl-
vania, leased the Emaus Blast Furnace
at Emaus, Lehigh county, Pennsylvania,
from the Philadelphia & Reading Coal
and Iron Co., for the purpose of manu-
facturing pig iron, under the firm name
of Ormrod, Fisher & Co., with Mr. Orm-
rod as manager and treasurer, and after
two years of operation the furnace was
put out of blast, and owing to the de-
pression in the pig iron trade the furnace
lease was given up several years later.
Mr. Ormrod moved from Germantown,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Allentown,
Pennsylvania, April 6th, 1881.

In 1883 the same parties purchased
land near the furnace and built the
Emaus Pipe Foundry for manufacturing
cast iron pipe and special castings for
water and gas for street mains, the busi-
ness being conducted as Ormrod, Fisher
& Co. until 1886, when the firm was
changed to a corporation and was incor-
porated August 9th, 1886, and called
"The Donaldson Iron Co.," with John
Donaldson as president, and Mr. Ormrod
as manager and treasurer, up to the time

382

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of Mr. Donaldson's death, in 1906. Then
Mr. Ormrod was made president, and has
been president and treasurer since, and
retains that position at the present time.
The first cast of pipes was made October
13th, 1883. The works have been en-
larged several times, and now give em-
ployment to over five hundred men, and
the yearly output amounts to about 50,-
000 tons of cast iron pipe and special
castings. They own about seventy-one
acres of land and thirty-six houses, also
their own water supply from two reser-
voirs, and electric light and power plant,
and have a well equipped machine shop
and pattern shop with modern machinery,
in connection with the pipe foundry.
They have been in continuous operation
for the past thirty years, and have been
very successful.

In 1893, Mr. Ormrod joined Thomas
D. Whitaker, his son-in-law, and others,
in organizing the Whitaker Cement Co.,
with Charles A. Matcham as manager,
for manufacturing Portland cement at
Whitaker Station, on the Lehigh Valley
railroad, three miles east of Phillipsburg,
New Jersey, now called Alpha. This was
the first Portland cement plant in New
Jersey, and the second plant in the
United States to make Portland cement
by the rotary kiln method. Mr. Whita-
ker, while on a hunting trip up in the
Pocono Mountains, above Delaware
Water Gap, in November, 1895, con-
tracted a severe cold which caused his
death, March 7th, 1896, age thirty-six
years, and soon after the name of the
company was changed to the Alpha Port-
land Cement Co., Alpha, New Jersey, in
which Mr. Ormrod and his daughter,
Mrs. Whitaker, still retain a large in-
terest.

In the latter part of 1897, Mr. Ormrod,
in company with Colonel H. C. Trexler
as president, E. M. Young, Charles A.
Matcham, and others, organized the Le-
high Portland Cement Co., with Mr.

Matcham as manager, of AUentown,
Pennsylvania, of which Mr. Ormrod is
second vice-president. The company
commenced making cement at Mill "A,"
at Ormrod, in August, 1898. They have
been very progressive, and now have
three cement plants at Ormrod, one at
West Coplay, one at Fogelsville, Lehigh
county, Pennsylvania, also have six ce-
ment plants out west.

Mr. Ormrod was president of the
Whitehall Street Railway Company for a
couple of years, a trolley line about five
miles long, running from Egypt to
Levans, on the Slatington line.

Mr. Ormrod has been actively engaged
in business for about fifty-two years —
first in anthracite coal, then pig iron,
afterward cast iron pipe, and then in the
cement business ; about twenty years in
the anthracite coal business, in Schuylkill
county, Pennsylvania, until 1880, then
about two years making pig iron at
Emaus Furnace, Pennsylvania, and in
the fall of 1883 commenced making cast
iron pipe at the same place, and kept
in continuous operation for about thirty
years, up to the present time. Mr. Orm-
rod has been in the cement business since
1893, and is largely interested at the pres-
ent time.

Mr. Ormrod is a charter member and
was also for three years prior to March,
1904, president of the Livingston Club
of AUentown, Pennsylvania, the leading
club organization in the city, with a
membership of about one hundred and
fifty of the prominent business men of
the town. Mr. Ormrod is a director of
the Lehigh Valley Trust Co., of Allen-
town, Pennsylvania, and also a trustee
of the AUentown Hospital. He is a mem-
ber of the Lehigh Country Club of Al-
lentown, also a member of the Union
League and the ^Manufacturers Club of
Philadelphia, and of the Pomfret Club
of Easton, Pennsylvania. He has also
been a member of the Franklin Institute

383

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of Philadelphia, and a member of the
American Institute of Mining Engineers
of New York City since 1881. He is
also a member of the Pennsylvania So-
ciety of New York City.

Mr. Ormrod had one brother and two
sisters, children of George and Margaret
Ormrod. His elder sister died in 1859,
and the younger sister in 1912. His elder
brother, John Ormrod, is still living in
Preston, England, and was mayor of
Preston in 1905 and 1906. He is in the
leather business, and has resided in
Preston all his life, and takes an active
part in Select Council and town affairs
generally.

Mr. Ormrod is a Republican in poli-
tics. He and his family are members of
Grace Episcopal Church of Allentown,
Pennsylvania. Mr. Ormrod has had con-
tinuous good health, with a couple of
exceptions, and has been active all his
life.

Mr. Ormrod's father died in Preston in
1841. His mother died December ist,
1895, at Preston, England, in her nineti-
eth year. Her maiden name was Mar-
garet Donaldson. She was a twin, and
was born October 5th, 1806, at Middle-
ton-in-Teesdale, county of Durham, in
the north of England. She visited the
United States, arriving at New York,
September 12th, 1871, remaining here
about ten months.

Mr. Ormrod's wife, Permilla, died sud-
denly October 4th, 191 1, at Pocono
Manor, Pennsylvania, age sixty-eight
years. They were married nearly fifty-
one years at the time of Mrs. Ormrod's
death. Her maiden name was Permilla
Johnson.

Mr. Ormrod has five children, all liv-
ing— Margaret, the oldest, who married
Charles A. Matcham, formerly manager
of the Alpha Portland Cement Co., and
later in 1897 was one of the organizers
of the Lehigh Portland Cement Co., and
manager until December, 1906. Mr.

Matcham died September 22nd, 191 1, at
Allentown, Pennsylvania, age forty-nine
and one-half years. He left three chil-
dren.

Catherine, widow of the late Thomas
D. Whitaker, formerly a member of the
firm of Wm. Whitaker & Sons, manu-
facturers of cotton and woolen goods at
Cedar Grove and Frankford, near Phila-
delphia, and later was president of the
Whitaker Cement Co., has one child, a
young man named Francis. He is a
member of the Union League of Phila-
delphia, and Livingston Club of Allen-
town, Pennsylvania, also a member of
the Lehigh Country Club of Allentown,
and the Northampton Country Club.

John Donaldson Ormrod married
Mary J. Rose, daughter of Henry T.
Rose, iron fence manufacturer of Allen-
town, Pennsylvania, and has two chil-
dren. He is vice-president and superin-
tendent of the Donaldson Iron Works at
Emaus, Pennsylvania, also a director in
the Emaus National Bank, and a member
of the Union League and the Manufac-
turers Club of Philadelphia, and the Liv-
ingston Club of Allentown. All are mem-
bers of the Lehigh Country Club of Al-
lentown, Pennsylvania. He is also a
member of the American Institute of
Mining Engineers of New York City.

Mary A. is married to Captain H. S.
MacLaine, formerly captain in the Royal
Irish Rifles of Belfast, Ireland, and lives
in Allentown. He is graduate of Foyle
College, Londonderry, Ireland, and son
of Mr. and Mrs. George Langtry Mac-
Laine, of Wadsworth House, Belfast,
Ireland. Both are members of the Le-
high Country Club.

Fannie Markland, the wife of John
Saeger, of the Saeger Milling Co., living
at Allentown, also member of the Le-
high Country Club of Allentown, Penn-
sylvania. Mr. Saeger is also a member
of the Livingston Club of Allentown.
They have one child, a son.

384

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

In 1897 Mr. Ormrod built a handsome
residence at No. 1227 Hamilton street,
Allentown, Pennsylvania, where he now
resides.

URE, Rev. David M.,

Clergyman, Educator.

Of all the distinguished men who have
shed lustre upon the State of Pennsyl-
vania, whether born within her boundar-
ies or on other soil, none has left a better
record, a brighter fame, or a stronger
hold upon the affections of the people,
than the late David ]\Iickleham Ure. He
was a gentleman of splendid poise and
mental attainments, which were balanced
by so fine a sense of justice that all who
knew him respected and admired him.

David M. Ure was a native of Scot-
land, born in Buchlyvie, Sterlingshire,
May 10, 1834. His ancestors were peo-
ple of sterling character and prominent
in Scottish annals, whose descendants
are to be found in industrial, professional
and philanthropic circles. His paternal
grandfather, Walter Ure, of Belfron,
Scotland, was a farmer of prominence in
his day, and a Presbyterian in religion.
He had four sons : James, Robert, Alex-
ander and John. Alexander became a
leading lawyer in Glasgow, where he
married and reared two children. His
daughter, Isabella, became wife of John
Elder, a prominent marine engineer,
member of the great ship-building firm
of Randolph & Elder, on the river Clyde.
During his life John Elder amassed great
wealth, all of which was given to charity.
His wife carried on his philanthropic
work after his death, being much inter-
ested in the social, intellectual and relig-
ious welfare of the laboring people.

David M. Ure was the youngest of
the eight children of Robert and Jean
(Mickleham) Ure, inheriting the super-
ior characteristics of his forebears. Early
in life he made a public profession of

faith, and while yet young consecrated
his life to the ministry. When four
years old his parents came to America.
They first settled at Columbus, and later
at Springfield, Ohio, where they were
prominent in the Reformed Presbyterian
church. In 1852 they removed to the
then territory of Iowa, settling on a farm
near Cedar Rapids. David M. received
his academic education in Washington,
Iowa, and at Xenia, Ohio, where he com-
pleted his preparatory course. He then
entered Miami University at Oxford,
Ohio, graduating in the class of 1858, re-
ceiving second honors in a class of forty-
one. He studied theology in Allegheny
Seminary, was licensed by the Presby-
tery of Monongahela, April 8, 1861, and
was ordained by the Presbytery of
Argyle, New York, October 8, 1862, as
pastor of Argyle congregation, where he
successfully stayed for ten years. In
1872 he accepted a call to the Second
Church, Monmouth, Illinois, but resigned
this to become business manager of Mon-
mouth College, where he stayed twelve
years. He was associated with the late
David Wallace, D.D., LL.D., in build-
ing up and placing on a firm foundation
this institution in the West, which has
done so much for the United Presby-
terian church. By his rare judgment
and handling of the college funds, Dr.
Ure became known as a man whose judg-
ment was safe and integrity unques-
tioned. Fine-grained, delicate in sensi-
bilities and keenly sensitive, it was not
easy to know him ; best known he was
most prized. He was undemonstrative,
yet always moving toward some great
accomplishment. Quiet, contemplative,
self-contained, yet with brain and heart
ever inspired by some grand ideal, to
the realization of which, in passionate
devotion, he gave himself unreservedly
and unflinchingly, with concentration and
constancy. He had no thought of mak-
ing this his life work, as his desire was

385

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

to preach the gospel, and it was only
when he realized that God plainly called
him to do this great work in the cause
of Christian education that he abandoned
pastoral labor and accepted the position
of business manager of the United Pres-
byterian Seminary of Allegheny, Penn-
sylvania (now Northside, Pittsburgh),
his comprehensive grasp of affairs en-
abling him to render invaluable service
to the institution and church at large.
For seventeen years he was business
manager of Allegheny Seminary, and to
him is largely due its present equipment
and commanding position.

Although separated from active min-
isterial duties. Dr. Ure retained his love
for that calling, and often served in dif-
ferent localities as opportunities came to
him. As a speaker Dr. Ure was versa-
tile, eloquent, logical and entertaining.
His voice was clear, round and full of
pathos when necessary, while his address
was always winning and never failed to
command the attention of his audience.
He was particularly happy in the choice
of language, and his sentences, while
free from anything which indicated awe,
anxiety or study, were faultless in for-
mation. He was ruling elder of First
Church, Allegheny, active in all church
and charitable work, and was a generous
contributor to Allegheny Theological
Seminary, and ever took a deep interest
in its young students, aiding them in
many ways. He sought no flattery, was
a stranger to arrogance and pride, and
halted at no barriers in the accomplish-
ment of what he had in hand. He was
always genial, gentle and tender.

Dr. Ure married, November 21, 1857,
at Buffalo, New York, Frances M.,
youngest daughter of John and Martha
(Rowan) McClellan, who survives him.
By this marriage Dr. Ure gained the life
companionship of a charming and con-
genial woman, who was fitted in all
things to be his ideal helpmate. Mrs.

Ure is well known in Pittsburgh social
and philanthropic circles.

The death of Dr. Ure, which occurred
in Pittsburgh, April 24, 1906, removed
from the city and state a man of fine
natural endowments, spotless probity of
character and useful influence, but he
left behind him a record which should
prove an inspiration to every American
boy. His distinguished bearing, his high-
bred face, and his noble head crowned
with snow-white hair, made a striking
impression on strangers, while all those
who encountered him in social circles felt
the charm of his personality. Few men
have ever been endowed with more nota-
ble social gifts, charm of manner and
voice, an unfailing tact, an ever-luminous
sense of humor, quick generous sympa-
thies, and, greatest of all, the subtle fac-
ulty of making all about him appear at
their best. Around his home he shed a
benign influence, which was as the sum-
mer evening's glow upon the land which
the morning and noon has brightened
and blessed, and at his death, it could be
said of no other more truthfully than of
him, that he left the world better for
having lived in it. Fortunate indeed is
the city that has such men for its ex-
emplars.

FOW, John H.,

Iiawyer, Iiegislator, Author.

While the practice of law is the cen-
tral interest in the life of John H. Fow,
it has not precluded his activity in con-
nection with movements and projects
which are tangible elements in municipal
progress, and in the promotion of his-
torical and educational matters. His opin-
ions bear weight in political circles and
few men, not actively in touch with poli-
tics as office seekers, have given such
close attention to the study of the vital
and significant problems before the coun-
try today.

386

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Mr. Fow was born in Philadelphia,
June 23, 185 1, and comes of a stock sturdy
in mental as well as physical strength.
His parents were Jacob and Margaret
Fow. Jacob Fow died in 1867 and his
wife Margaret lived to an advanced age.
She was a granddaughter of Michael
Guerlinger, of the regiment of the Due
de Lauzun, of the French allies at York-
town. John H. Fow's great-grandfather,
Matthew Fow, was a member of Captain
Harmar's company of the First Penn-
sylvania Battalion, which was raised by
order of the Continental Congress on the
I2th of October, 1775, commanded by
Colonel DeHass. The ancestry of the
family in America can be traced back to
1728, when they were first established in
Philadelphia.

John H. Fow was educated in the pub-
lic schools of his native city and studied
law in the office of the Hon. F. Carroll
Brewster, being admitted to the bar in
1878. His marked ability and personal
popularity soon won him a prominent
place in the legal fraternity of Philadel-
phia. Taking an active part in political
affairs, he soon became a well known
figure in municipal and State politics,
being a member of the Democratic State
Committee in 1882 and 1883, and for
three years vice-president of the Demo-
cratic State League, of which organiza-
tion he was the first president ; he served
for two terms in the Philadelphia City
Council, 1885 and 1887, and in 1888 was
elected to the House of Representatives
of the State of Pennsylvania ; he was re-
elected in 1890, 1892 and 1894, and again
elected in 1898, serving the term 1899-
1900, and afterward elected to the extra-
ordinary session of 1906. He served on
the committees of Judiciary, Railroads,
and Appropriations, and was chairman
of the celebrated Quay (Matthew S.)
Senatorial Investigating Committee, in
the year 1899, and was also chairman of
the Democratic caucus in 1894 and 1895.

It is worthy of note that Mr. Fow was
the only Democrat in 1895 elected to the
Pennsylvania State Legislature from the
territory east of the Susquehanna river
and south of the Lehigh. He was a mem-
ber of one of the committees having in
charge the bi-centennial celebration of the
settlement of Pennsylvania in the year
1882, and took an active part in the cen-
tennial celebration of the adoption of the
Constitution of the United States, held
in Philadelphia in 1887; he was also
prominent in connection with the cere-
monies attending the unveiling of the
Washington monument in Fairmount
Park in 1897.

Mr. Fow won a reputation in the field
of journalism as a special correspondent
of the Philadelphia Evening Star at Har-
risburg for a number of years, and also
during the World's Columbian Exposi-
tion at Chicago, in the year 1893. He
has been a delegate to the sessions of the
International League of Press Clubs, and
he represented the Pen and Pencil Club
of Philadelphia at Atlanta, in 1894, at
Philadelphia, in 1895, and at Buffalo in
the year 1896. Mr. Fow was a commis-
sioner of the Cotton States Exposition
at Atlanta, in 1895, representing the State
of Pennsylvania. Mr. Fow was the first
president of the Willow Grove Trolley
Railway. In this capacity his rational
and practical views gained for him a con-
siderable respect in business circles.

The subject of this sketch is a writer
of considerable force and has contributed
some very valuable articles to various
publications. His paper on "Washington
Crossing the Delaware" led to the adop-
tion of the bronze tablet representing
Pennsylvania on the Battle Monument at
Trenton, New Jersey. This article was
founded on old records and documents
which Mr. Fow consulted, along with
the late Adjutant-General Stryker, of
New Jersey, and a former governor of
Pennsylvania, Robert E. Pattison, and is

387

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

historically correct in every particular.
It represents General Washington sitting
in the stern of a small boat which is
being rowed by a man named Cadwalla-
der, while General Knox sits in the bow
of the boat. Mr. Fow is the author of a
book entitled, "The True Story of the
American Flag," wherein he shows con-
clusively that the claim made by the de-
scendants of Elizabeth, commonly called
"Betsy" Ross, has absolutely no founda-
tion in fact, either documentary or of
record, and is simply a tradition or a
legend. On the completion of this vol-
ume a distinguished American historian
wrote to Mr. Fow congratulating him on
having dealt the "death-blow" to the per-
sistent Betsy Ross tradition.

On April 5th, 1913, the judges and law-
yers of the Philadelphia bar gave to Mr.
Fow a testimonial dinner on the occa-
sion of the completion of his thirty-five
years of professional service. The com-
pany numbered about one hundred and
fifty persons. Judge Robert N. Willson,
who presided, said, in the course of his
address, "Above all his attainments as a
lawyer, John Fow will be remembered
as a man who was always loyal to his
friends, and whose word could be relied
upon by every judge on the bench. . . .
His bearing before the courts has always
been an example." Among others who
made eulogistic addresses were Justice
Mitchell, Judge Anderson, Attorney-
General John C. Bell, Judge J. Willis
Martin, Hampton L. Carson, Judge Wil-
liam H. Staake, and A. S. L. Shields.
Judge John L. Kinsey, on behalf of those
present, presented to Mr. Fow a hand-
some bronze statue in commemoration of
the occasion.

John H. Fow is married and has three
children : F. Carroll, who is a graduate
of the University of Pennsylvania, car-
ries on his profession with his father;
John Gordon and Franklin. He is a
member of the State Bar Association,

the Lawyers' Club, is past master of his
Masonic lodge, and belongs to a large
number of social and political clubs. He
is also a member of the Historical So-
ciety of Pennsylvania, the Sons of the
American Revolution, the Genealogical
Society of Pennsylvania, and the Na-
tional Geographic Society.

An excellent lawyer with a lucrative
practice, and a statesman of ability, Mr.
Fow has an extensive acquaintance
throughout the State of Pennsylvania and
is a great favorite among men. He has
the professional distinction of having had
more acts of the Legislature declared
unconstitutional than any other member
of the bar in the City of Philadelphia.

CALDWELL, William A.,

Merchant, Financier.

Pittsburgh — the acme of activity — has
never numbered among her business men
one of greater force of character, or more
aggressive methods, than the late Wil-
liam A. Caldwell, for many years head of
the widely known firm of Caldwell &
Brother. During his long career Mr.
Caldwell was identified with Pittsburgh,
not only as a business man and financier,
but as a citizen, ardent and influential
in the cause of municipal reform.

William A. Caldwell was born in No-
vember, 1824. His father, John Cald-
well, was one of the pioneer settlers of
Allegheny county, and proprietor of one
of the first tanneries in the vicinity of
Pittsburgh. William A. received his edu-
cation in the common schools of Pitts-
burgh and later took a course in a col-
lege. During the thirties he started to
study civil engineering with Mr. Reming-
ton, then city engineer of Pittsburgh, but
soon abandoned the idea of becoming an
engineer. His next venture was in the
grocery business, where for some years
he was associated with the firm of Dal-
zell & Fleming, where his industry, his

^^^^.^-/'''l^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

courage and application soon won him
advancement. Realizing the possibilities
of the grocery business, Mr. Caldwell
formed a partnership with George W.
Massey, under the firm name of Massey
& Caldwell. Upon the death of Mr.
Massey this concern was reorganized
under the style of Caldwell & Brother,
and, until 1868, this firm was one of the
largest in Pittsburgh, having an estab-
lishment on Water street and dealing in
groceries and steamboat supplies. Mr.
Caldwell's accurate estimate of men en-
abled him to fill the many branches of
his business with employes who seldom
failed to meet his expectations, and whom
he ever treated with the utmost justice
and kindliness, receiving from them in
return the most unstinted and loyal ser-
vice.

As a true citizen, Mr. Caldwell was in-
terested in all enterprises which medi-
tated the moral improvement and social
culture of the community, and actively
aided a number of associations by his
influence and means. A man of action
rather than words, he was widely but
unostentatiously charitable, ever seeking
in his benefactions to shun the public
gaze. Politically he was identified with
the Republican party. As a vigilant and
attentive observer of men and measures,
his opinions were recognized as sound
and his views as broad, and his ideas
therefore carried weight among those
with whom he discussed important pub-
lic problems.

Aside from his prominence in commer-
cial lines, Mr. Caldwell was a known fig-
ure in the financial world of Pittsburgh.
In 1867 he became president of the Mo-
nongahela Insurance Company, which of-
fice he held until his death. He was also
actively interested in the Allegheny Na-
tional Bank, the Bank of Pittsburgh, the
Marine National Bank and the People's
National Bank. He was also a member
of the National Bankers' Association and

at the time of his death was a director
in the Bank of Pittsburgh. He was pos-
sessed of a singular fund of humor and
graphic powers of conversation, con-
trolled always by great kindness of char-
acter, and these, conjoined to an always
active and conscientious public spirit,
which identified him with almost every
social and public enterprise of any im-
portance, served to render him one of the
most trusted and popular men of his day.
Genial and courteous, with the dignity
of bearing which is the expression of
elevation of character, he possessed those
qualifications which win and hold friends.
One year after accepting the presidency
of the Monongahela Insurance Company,
Mr. Caldwell retired from the grocery
business, in order to give entire atten-
tion to his large financial interests. He
was a member of the Pittsburgh Sports-
men's Club and attended the First Pres-
byterian Church of Pittsburgh, with
which his family had been connected for
years.

By the death of William A. Caldwell,
which occurred August 4, 1902, at the
home of his only sister, Mrs. Letitia
Holmes, on the Northside, Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh lost a most valuable citizen,
a man of vigorous temperament and de-
termined mind who made his way from
small beginnings to high station and died
possessed of a large fortune, owing his
success wholly to his own tireless in-
dustry and sterling integrity. In passing
to a position of wealth and influence
never did he neglect an opportunity to
aid one to whom nature, fate or environ-
ment had seemed less kindly, and his life
was, in large measure, an exemplification
of his belief in the brotherhood of man-
kind.

William A. Caldwell belonged to a
class of men who constitute the special
glory of our Republic — men who are the
architects of their own fortunes — and he
has left an example worthy to be emu-

389

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

lated by future generations of young
Americans.

EDWARDS, Frederick W.,

Hannfactnrer, Fnblic Official.

The man who possesses, in combina-
tion with business ability, the qualifica-
tions essential for the successful admin-
istration of public office, is rarely met
with in an}' community. In the late
Frederick William Edwards, Pittsburgh
was fortunate enough to count among
her citizens a man of this type. Mr. Ed-
wards was the incumbent of many pub-
lic positions which he filled with singu-
lar ability, and in his death his home
city has sustained a well-nigh irreparable
loss.

Frederick William Edwards was born
October 2, 1861, in Dowlias, Wales, and
was the son of John L. and Mary Ed-
wards, who emigrated in 1867 to the
United States, settling in Hazelwood.
Frederick William received his prepara-
tory education in public and private
schools, afterward entering Mount Union
College, Alliance, Ohio, and in course of
time graduating from that institution.
Immediately thereafter he entered the
service of the Carnegie Steel Company,
being employed in the Edgar Thomson
plant at Braddock. Mr. Edwards early
gave evidence of executive ability, and
throughout his business career was dis-
tinguished for that sound judgment, far-
sighted sagacity and enterprise, tempered
with conservatism, which go to the mak-
ing of every successful merchant and
manufacturer.

In his early manhood Mr. Edwards as-
sociated himself with the Republican
party and was remarkable for the active
interest which he displayed in public af-
fairs. The leaders of the organization,
as well as his fellow citizens, were not
slow to recognize the talents of the young
man and his fitness for positions of re-

sponsibility, and at the very outset of his
political career he was made Tax Col-
lector of Braddock township (now North
Braddock borough), a position which he
retained for the long period of ten years.
He successively held the offices of Dep-
uty Comptroller of Allegheny county and
Deputy Register of Wills under Register
John Gripp. Upon the death of Mr.
Gripp, in 1898, Mr. Edwards was ap-
pointed by Governor Hastings to fill the
unexpired term, and in 1899 was elected
to the office for the full term of three
years. At the expiration of his term, in
1903, he was appointed by President
Roosevelt Collector of the Port of Pitts-
burgh, and in 1909 was re-elected Regis-
ter of Wills. In the discharge of the
duties of these important and responsible
positions Mr. Edwards showed himself
eminently adapted for the administration
of aflfairs requiring exercise of tact and
diplomacy. During the whole period of
his public life he exhibited a consistency
and uprightness of conduct not often
equalled and never surpassed.

Unostentatious as he ever was, Mr.
Edwards never failed, either in private or
public life, to watch over the interests
of the poor and to accord to the laborer
his hire. Personally, he was a man who
drew men to him and his social popular-
ity was very great. He affiliated with
the Independent Order of Odd Fellows,
the Knights of Malta, the Benevolent and
Protective Order of Elks, the Royal Ar-
canum, the Heptasophs, the Knights of
Pythias and the Knights of the Macca-
bees, of Braddock. He took a keen in-
terest in the work of these organizations
and was prominently identified with their
affairs. His ripe and varied experience,
his judicial mind and his careful obser-
vation rendered him the trusted counsel-
lor of his friends at all times and in all
phases of their lives. He was a member
of the Protestant Episcopal church.

Mr. Edwards married, September 22,

390

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

1883, Alice L., daughter of Daniel L.
Lightner, and they were the parents of
a daughter and a son : Winona, wife of
Clarence F. Bernatz, of the East End ;
and Viers Dalzell, a student at the Pitts-
burgh University. Mrs. Edwards is a
woman not only of unusual sweetness
and beauty of character, but intellectual,
energetic and sagacious, and the family
are prominent in Pittsburgh social cir-
cles. Mr. Edwards was a man devoted
to the ties of friendship and of family,
and no one who had ever enjoyed the
privilege of his hospitality could fail to
pronounce him the incomparable host.

The strenuous life of many years ulti-
mately told on Mr. Edwards' energies, in-
exhaustible as they appeared, and in the
summer of 1910, he visited Europe, seek-
ing to recuperate his failing health. On
his return, however, he suffered another
breakdown, and on April 30, 1912, he
passed away at his Pittsburgh home. He
has left a name synonymous with all
that is enterprising in business and pro-
gressive in citizenship and no history of
the city would be complete without an
outline of his career.

Pennsylvania has numbered among her
citizens many natives of the land which
was the birthplace of Mr. Edwards, and
the industries of the State have been de-
veloped largely by Welshmen and their
descendants, but no scion of the heroic
Cambrian stock has left a record of abler
and more disinterested public service
than has Frederick William Edwards.

BRANDON,. Washington D.,
JjaxryeT, Financier.

On both paternal and maternal side,
Mr. Brandon descends from pioneer But-
ler county families. He is the son of
John W. and Ruth A. C. Brandon, both
deceased, the former dying September
9, 1890, the latter January 3, 191 1. John
W. Brandon was a prosperous farmer

and a leading man of his day. He served
a term as commissioner of Butler county,
was a ruling elder of Mount Nebo con-
gregation of the Presbyterian church and
an unceasing worker for the public good.
In his latter years he renounced the Re-
publican and allied with the Prohibition
party, serving as chairman of the county
committee. He left behind him a mem-
ory still warmly cherished by his family
and friends.

Washington D. Brandon was born
in Connoquenessing township, Butler
county, Pennsylvania, November i, 1847,
When a young man he added the letter
"D." to his name. He remained at the
home farm as his father's assistant until
he was eighteen years of age, also hav-
ing attended the public schools and
Witherspoon Academy in Butler for two
years. The public school he went to was
not an efficient one, but the boy improved
every opportunity, and after his two
years at Witherspoon was able in 1865,
being then eighteen years of age, to enter
Washington and Jefferson College as a
sophomore. He spent three years in col-
lege, improving every hour and refusing
to be led into any of the follies or ex-
cesses of college life, and was graduated
A.B. in the class of 1868 with honor.
After receiving his degree he taught in
a select school for one year.

The law, however, was the goal of his
ambition, and in the spring of 1869 he
entered the law office of Hon. Ebenezer
Mcjunkin, of Butler, at the same time
accepting a position as instructor at
Witherspoon Academy. The following
two years he both taught in the academy
and read law. In 1871 he passed the
required examination and was admitted
to the Butler County Bar. Soon after
his preceptor, Mr. Mcjunkin, was elected
to Congress, and during his absence in
Washington left his legal business in
charge of Mr. Brandon and another
young lawyer, Clarence W^alker. The

391

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

two boys vigorously prosecuted the cases
left ill their care with great satisfaction
to themselves, if not to the entire satis-
faction of some of their clients. In 1873
these young men formed a law partner-
ship and as Walker & Brandon practised
until 1875. Since that date Mr. Brandon
has practised alone. His business was
a satisfactory one from the beginning
of his legal career, and has continued so
through all the forty years that have
since then elapsed. He has handled
many intricate cases successfully and at-
tracted a large clientele of the best class.
He has been admitted to all the State
and Federal courts of the district and
in each has a large business of an im-
portant character. His practice is gen-
eral, as is shown by the fact that he is
special attorney of many of the large
corporations doing business in Butler
county. They include: the Butler Sav-
ings and Trust Company ; the Standard
Steel Company and its allied corpora-
tions : the National Transit Company ;
and the Butler Light, Heat and Motor
Company.

Outside his profession, in which he is
held in high esteem, i\Ir. Brandon has
large business interests. He is a direc-
tor of the Butler Savings & Trust Com-
pany, vice-president of the Guarantee
Safe Deposit and Trust Company, is
identified with the Standard Plate Glass
Company, the Butler Land and Improve-
ment Company, and other commercial
concerns of lesser importance. He is a
keen, far-sighted business man, which at-
tributes, coupled with his legal ability,
render him a most valuable counsellor
and an addition to any commercial en-
terprise.

In professional life he is rated the soul
of honor, and in private life his char-
acter is above reproach. He has been
an elder of the First Presbyterian Church
for thirty-two years, clerk of the session
for twenty-nine years, served as super-

intendent of the Sunday School for
twenty-two years, and for more than
thirty years he has been a director of
the Butler branch of the Young Men's
Christian Association. He is also a di-
rector of the Western Theological Semi-
nary, Pittsburgh, and at one time he was
a member of the board of trustees of
Grove City College.

In politics Mr. Brandon has always
been an active Republican, but has stead-
fastly refused the many ofTers of public
preferment made him by party mana-
gers. He has refused to consider nomi-
nations for County Judge, State Sena-
tor and Representative in Congress, not
from an unwillingness to serve his county
and state, but from his fixed dislike for
political life, and his belief that as a pri-
vate citizen he could best serve their in-
terests. He holds membership in the
State and County Bar associations, and
everj'where his sterling worth and pro-
verbial integrity make him a welcome ad-
dition.

Mr. Brandon married. May 2~, 1875,
Clara B., daughter of James and Rebecca
(Bein Campbell. The Campbells are a
prominent Butler family. Children: i.
JMargaret, died January 8. 1904. 2.
Flora, married Robert L. James, an at-
torney of Pittsburgh. 3. John "\V., mar-
ried Helen G., daughter of Clarence
Walker. He is connected with the But-
ler Savings & Trust Company. 4. James
Campbell, an attorney, associated with
his father in business. ^. Howard Allan.

CAMPBELL. James J.,

Carnegie Steel Co. Official.

Pittsburgh — the city which seems like
a Rodin statue because it is the unformed
figrure of achievement incarnate — is a
beacon of industrial progress. The rea-
son for this is not far to seek. It is
found in the fact that her chief citizens
are men who work with far-sighted sa-

39^

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l^.s /5SrA;.^..-<r/' /=5.d

EiXCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

gacity, who discern not only present ac-
complishment, but also future results —
men of the type of James John Camp-
bell, present auditor and assistant secre-
tary of the Carnegie Steel Company and
kindred interests. Mr. Campbell is a
scion of the famous Campbell family, so
distinguished in the annals of the Old
World as well as the New.

The history of the Campbell family in
America is as follows : James Camp-
bell, the grandfather, came to America
from Coleraine, county Antrim, Ireland,
with his wife, and settled near Lancas-
ter, Pennsylvania, in the early part of
the nineteenth century, but owing to his
ill health in about fifteen years he re-
turned with his family to his native
home.

Joseph Campbell, the subject's father,
and the son of James Campbell, was born
in Coleraine in 1835, after his parents
had returned from this country. In 1858
he came to this country and the same
year enlisted in the ordnance corps of
the United States army and served con-
tinuously until his death, which occurred
in November, 1893. The first twenty-
three years of this exceptionally long
service was spent in Washington in the
government arsenal, and the remaining
twelve years at the Allegheny (Pennsyl-
vania) arsenal, at Pittsburgh. At Wash-
ington he was first sergeant through all
the stirring period of the Civil War, and
was in charge of the small detail of men
who in the presence of Secretary of War
Edwin M. Stanton, buried the remains of
the assassin of President Lincoln, John
Wilkes Booth, under one of the flag-
stones of the floor in one of the rooms
in the United States prison at Washing-
ton, located at the arsenal. He married
Elizabeth Jane Gamble, who was also of
Scotch-Irish stock, and her native place
was the same as that of her husband.
She came to America in 1861, and was
united in marriage to JMr. Campbell at

St. Thomas' Episcopal Church, New
York, in 1863. Eight children were born
of this union, the subject being the sec-
ond eldest. The family consisted of four
sons and four daughters.

James John Campbell, son of Joseph
and Elizabeth Jane (Gamble) Campbell,
was born at Washington, D. C, Decem-
ber 6, 1865. He received his education
in the public and high schools of Wash-
ington, D. C, and came to Pittsburgh in
his seventeenth year. He was first em-
ployed as a clerk in a grocery store and
later entered the accounting department
of the Pennsylvania Company as a junior
clerk. Two years later he was made
clerk and stenographer for a lumber com-
pany, but left this position after eleven
months to enter the service of the Car-
negie Brothers & Company, Limited,
February i, 1886, as clerk and stenogra-
pher to the purchasing agent. He was
transferred to the accounting department
in 1889, and the same year was promoted
to chief clerk of a division of that de-
partment. In December, 1895, he was
promoted to assistant auditor of the Car-
negie Steel Company, Limited (succes-
sors to Carnegie Brothers & Company),
and January i, 1900, was elected auditor
and assistant secretary of the Carnegie
Steel Company, the corporation that took
over the business of the limited partner-
ship, and has continued to hold such po-
sitions to the present time. He also
holds similar positions in several allied
and subsidiary corporations. On Decem-
ber 31, 1899, he was admitted to partner-
ship as one of Andrew Carnegie's fa-
mous and favored young partners, in the
Carnegie Steel Company — the Titans of
the steel world. He is also a director of
the South Side Trust Company.

Personally, Mr. Campbell is a man of
strongly marked characteristics, modestly
inclined, but in business thoroughly ag-
gressive. One of the most potent fac-
tors in his success has been his ability

393

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

to foresee results. He has the clear-cut
face, calmly observant glance and
friendly expression which show at once
the able business man and the kindly
gentleman. His eyes look you straight
in the face, in an open, candid manner,
a kindly but critical and keen glance.
Beneath this quiet exterior there is, how-
ever, great determination, and in business
transactions he gives evidence of a na-
ture which constantly seeks in action an
outlet for its energy.

Mr. Campbell is a supporter of the
Republican party, and in church rela-
tions is identified with the Presbyterian
Church of Pittsburgh. He belongs to
the Duquesne and Oakmont Country
clubs, and to the Carnegie Veteran As-
sociation, a society which was organized
after Mr. Carnegie's retirement from
business and composed of Mr. Carnegie
and most of those who had been his
partners in business.

Mr. Campbell married, April 23, 1891,
Miss Kate Bell, daughter of William and
Sarah (Calhoon) Bauersmith. Children:
Sarah Catherine, and James J. Jr., born
October 12, 1903. By this marriage Mr.
Campbell gained the life companionship
of a charming and congenial woman.
Mrs. Campbell is a woman who combines
with great sweetness and beauty of char-
acter a marked degree of energy and
intellectual qualities of a high order, and
is one of Pittsburgh's popular hostesses,
the family being prominent in social cir-
cles.

It is seldom that a man as active and
successful in business takes such a keen
and helpful interest in civic affairs as
Mr Campbell, whose name is associated
with various projects of the utmost mu-
nicipal concern. Citizenship is to him a
term indicating individual responsibility
as well as privilege, and the biographer
who would treat of him merely as an en-
terprising and prosperous business man
would present but one phase of his life

history. In his career he has gained a
success that is not measured by financial
prosperity alone, but is gauged by the
kindly amenities and congenial associa-
tions that go to satisfy man's kaleido-
scopic nature.

CHESS, Walter,

Soldier, Manufacturer.

The Pittsburgh business man is the
business man par excellence. At once
the inspirer and the offspring of his city,
he stands before the world an incarna-
tion of that marvellous force which has
made Pittsburgh the metropolis of the
industrial universe. One of the finest
representatives of this type was the late
Walter Chess, vice-president of the Con-
solidated Expanded Metal Companies,
and identified throughout his career with
the leading interests of his native city.

Walter Chess was born September 14,
1839, in the Birmingham section of Pitts-
burgh, and was a son of David and
Dorothea (McGeary) Chess. The boy
received his education in the common
schools of his native city and early en-
tered business life, being associated with
his father in the nail and tack manufac-
turing firm of Chess, Smyth & Company,
and showing marked ability in the exe-
cution of every detail of the important
concern. His business career, like that
of so many other young men of his gen-
eration, was interrupted by the outbreak
of the Civil War. Enlisting in Battery
G, Independent Pennsylvania Artillery,
Mr. Chess served throughout the con-
flict, receiving, at its close, an honorable
discharge.

On his return to civil life the young
soldier became again the manufacturer,
resuming his connection with the old
firm. After the death of his father the
style became Chess, Cook & Company,
and later Chess Brothers. Quick and
decisive in his methods, and keenly alive

394

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

to any business proposition and its possi-
bilities, Mr. Chess was one of those men
who seem to find the happiness of life
in the success of their work, and who
experience, in the solution of a difficult
commercial problem, that pleasure with-
out which there can be no real success,
inasmuch as its absence indicates a lack
of that intense interest which constitutes
the foundation of all progress along com-
mercial and industrial lines. Always sin-
gularly strong in his personality, he ex-
erted a wonderful influence on his busi-
ness subordinates and on those about
him. Those in his service felt that he
had ever at heart their best interests and
that nothing gave him more pleasure
than to recognize merit in the employes
of his company, basing his promotions
upon their worth and ability. After his
retirement from active business Mr.
Chess retained the vice-presidency of the
'Consolidatefd Expanded Metal Compa-
nies, successors to the old firm of Chess
Brothers, holding this position to the
close of his life.

Seldom, indeed, is it that a man as
active and successful in business as was
Mr. Chess takes in civic affairs the keen
and helpful interest which he ever mani-
fested, his name being associated with
various projects of the utmost municipal
concern. Citizenship was to him a term
indicating individual responsibility as
well as privilege, and the biographer who
should treat of him merely as an enter-
prising and prosperous business man
would present but one phase of his life
history. A man of deep and broad sym-
pathies, he held his wealth in trust for
those less fortunate than himself, and
his hand was cunning in charity that
evaded the gaze of the world. He was
a member and one of the founders of
the Church of the Redeemer (Protestant
Episcopal) in which he held the office
of senior warden.

The personality of Mr. Chess was sin-

gularly attractive. Of most pleasing ad-
dress, modest and unselfish to a degree,
always looking to the interests of others
rather than to his own, he received the
admiration, respect and warm regard of
an unusually large circle of friends. Of
his countenance and bearing it is suffi-
cient to say that they were an index to
his character— he looked the man that he
was.

Mr. Chess married, January 12, 1888,
Mary, daughter of James and Caroline
(Stowe) Boles, and they were the par-
ents of the following children : David
Walter; Dorothea; Mary; and Martha
Ann. Mrs. Chess, a woman of rare
wifely qualities, was admirably fitted by
her excellent, practical mind, to be a
helpmate to her husband in his aspira-
tions and ambitions and, by her talents
as a home-maker, caused him to find his
highest enjoyment in the family circle.
Mr. Chess was a man of strong domestic
affections, regarding as sacred obliga-
tions the ties of home and friendship.

The death of Mr. Chess, which oc-
curred January 19, 1913, removed from
our city a man of fine natural endow-
ments, spotless probity of character and
useful influence, one who left behind him
a record which has ever stood as a syno-
nym for all that is enterprising in busi-
ness and progressive in citizenship.

Walter Chess, belonging as he did to
the older generation of steel manufac-
turers, was one of the founders of that
empire, than which there is none might-
ier in the civilized world. He was a loyal
son of his native city. From the time
of his entrance into the arena of business,
to the close of his long and honorable
career, his fortunes were identical with
hers, and in all his endeavors and
achievements his first thought was the
increase of her prosperity and power. It
is such men whom Pittsburgh delights
to honor and still remembers with grati-
tude.

395

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

REILLY, John C,

Financier, Public Official.

A leader among the strong men of the
Iron City — the men who, by their un-
wearied labors and ceaseless vigilance,
made her what she is today — was the
late John C. Reilly, president of the
Washington National Bank of Pitts-
burgh, and for many years a dominant
factor in the industrial and financial af-
fairs of that city.

John C. Reilly was born in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, in 1845, son of Owen
Reilly, who was a prominent grocer of
that period. He received his education
in the Roman Catholic parochial schools
of his native city, which he attended un-
til his fifteenth year, and then secured
employment as a messenger boy in the
auction store of J. McCartney. He sub-
sequently entered the service of the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, re-
maining eight years, during which time
he worked in the different departments,
thus gaining the knowledge which
proved of great advantage to him in later
years. His next venture was as partner
in the livery and undertaking firm of
O'Neill & Reilly, which some years later
became Burns, O'Neill & Reilly, with
headquarters in Grant street. While in
the livery and imdertaking business Mr.
Reilly became interested in the traction
business, and with the foresight which
was always characteristic of him, saw
the great future promised for Pittsburgh
and the large population which that city
was to have in a few years, knowing that
it must spread over the unoccupied lands
toward the eastern section and over the
western portion bordering on the Ohio
river. The firm first started a line of
omnibuses, which ran from Second ave-
nue to Glenwood, near the present site
of the Pittsburgh Gas Works, to accom-
modate the people who had begun to pop-
ulate that section of the city. Later the

line was extended to Hazelwood, and the
firm also established a line of omnibuses
to run from Pittsburgh to the West End.
As these districts became more settled
the omnibuses were converted into horse
car lines, which were the beginning of
the Second avenue traction line and the
old Southern Railways Company, bet-
ter known as the West End line. In this
enterprise Mr. Reilly was joined by his
warm personal friend and business as-
sociate, William J. Burns, and by James
D. Gallery and Thomas S. Bigelow, and
together they built the new horse car
lines and for many years controlled them.
When electric traction lines were intro-
duced the Second avenue line and the
West End line were converted into elec-
tric lines, and later, when traction com-
panies in that city consolidated, the Sec-
ond avenue and West End lines were
taken into the United Traction Com-
pany, thus assuring the fortunes of Mr.
Reilly and his associates. The West
End line proved to be one of the greatest
investments in this city for the men who
had built it up from an omnibus line to
the modern traction road which opened
a wide stretch of territory and gave the
people a quick mode of travel to the
West End and the country districts be-
yond. Mr. Reilly was made a director
of the Pittsburgh Railways Company,
retaining that position until his death.

It is unquestionably true that the de-
velopment of rapid transit in Pittsburgh
and Western Pennsylvania was more
largely the work of Mr. Reilly than of
any other one man. He was one of the
originators and first president of the
Pittsburgh and Butler Street Railway
Company, and was the first to foresee the
great future of the East End — now the
beauty spot of Pittsburgh. It was a mat-
ter of pride with Mr. Reilly that he owed
his large capital wholly to his early in-
dustry and his subsequent investments
in Pittsburgh. He rarely made a single

396

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

investment outside the city, and fre-
quently assured those whose capital was
placed in other cities that the most se-
cure and best paying investments were
to be found at home. So deep was his
faith in the future of Pittsburgh, that
upon retiring from the street railway
field, he invested heavily in Pittsburgh
real estate, and at the time of his death
was its largest landowner. As a business
man he possessed sleepless energy, a per-
fect system of detail, an intensity of pur-
pose that took nothing for granted, and
a boldness in planning and rapidity in
execution that left, between the flash and
the report, scarcely the interval of a sec-
ond. Combined with a broad knowledge
of human nature he had the rare gift
of inspiring his followers with an enthu-
siasm that never wearied nor became
mercenary. He gave freely of his time,
energy and means for the promotion of
the best interests of his city and State,
and was withal of a most charitable dis-
position, ever ready to respond to any
deserving call, yet so quietly were his
benefactions bestowed that their full
number will always remain unknown. A
man "of fine personal appearance and
genial nature, large-hearted and invari-
ably courteous, his friends were legion,
and it is but the simplest statement of
fact to say that those who knew him
best loved him most. For one term Mr.
Reilly served as alderman of the Fifth
ward. He belonged to the Duquesne and
Union clubs of Pittsburgh. Bishop J. S.
Regis Canevin, recognizing his zeal for
the welfare of the Roman Catholic
church, as a member of St. Paul's Cathe-
dral, placed him on the building commit-
tee of the new edifice, and his business
acumen was of great assistance in the
erection of the present structure. His
mature judgment and ripe experience
caused him to be much sought as an
astute and capable adviser, and in the

financial world he exercised a wholesome
influence.

When the Washington National Bank
was organized in 1903, Mr. Reilly, who
was one of the founders and one of the
original stockholders, as well as one of
the first directors, was elected president
and held that position until the close of
his life. He was also first president of
the City Insurance Company, retaining
this office until his death ; president of
the Freehold Real Estate Company; and
a director in the Colonial Trust Com-
pany, the Pittsburgh Trust Company,
and connected with several other finan-
cial and industrial enterprises in his na-
tive city, in which his whole life was
passed.

Mr. Reilly married, in February, 1873,
Ursula, daughter of David O'Connor,
and they became the parents of the fol-
lowing children : Eugene S., a promi-
nent business man of Pittsburgh ; Philip
B.; John: Gilbert; Joanna M., wife of
John J. Hart, of New York; Bertha and
Ursula. By this marriage Mr. Reilly
gained the life companionship of a
charming and congenial woman, who
was to him the ideal helpmate in his
aspirations and ambitions. The entire
Reilly family are socially popular in
Pittsburgh social circles.

The death of Mr. Reilly, which oc-
curred March 20, 1907, removed one who,
for many years had stood, honorable in
purpose and fearless in conduct, among
the most eminent and valued of Pitts-
burgh's citizens. His life teaches the old
and ever-needed lesson that success
comes only through tireless industry
guided and inspired by singleness of pur-
pose, and emphasizes anew the priceless
value of unswerving loyalty to right and
the assured rewards of exemplary living.
With prophetic instinct Mr. Reilly in-
vested in the future of Pittsburgh, and
the abundant returns which he lived to
gather more than justified his faith. The

397

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

later and richer harvest yielded by his
wise and far-sighted ventures has been
reaped by succeeding generations who
bless the name and revere the memory
of John C. Reilly. Mr. Reilly was a man
of Titanic mould, and such men as he
constitute the glory of Pittsburgh.

IMBRIE, Addison M.,

Prominent Iiaipyer.

The lawyers of Pennsylvania have al-
ways been in the vanguard of the pro-
fession. The State's judges, counsellors
and pleaders have been among the ablest
jurists and statesmen of the Nation.
The past standard of its bar is upheld
by its present representatives, and by
none more ably than by Addison Murray
Imbrie, a leading lawyer of Pittsburgh.

Addison Murray Imbrie was born near
New Galilee, Beaver county, Pennsyl-
vania, July 29, 1853, son of James M.
and Clorinda (Jackson) Imbrie, the
former dying on April 12, 1889, and the
mother on April 18, 1899. Both parents
were natives of Beaver county, where his
father was engaged in agricultural pur-
suits for many years and was a promi-
nent factor in the development of that
section. The Imbrie family is of Scotch
origin, and James Imbrie, the great-
grandfather of Addison M., settled in
Moon township (then Allegheny county,
where his will is filed) in 1790, there
died in March, 1803, and is buried in the
old Service graveyard, near his home.
His son, Rev. David Imbrie, born in
Philadelphia on August 22, 1777, was
educated at Canonsburg Academy, after-
wards Jefferson College, and was one of
the nine founders of the Franklin So-
ciety of the academy, November 14, 1797.
He studied divinity under Dr. John An-
derson, of Moon township, and in 1803
was licensed to preach at the Seceder
church. He married on November 29,
1804, Jean, daughter of John and Annie

(Atchison) Reed, who were both natives
of Lancaster county, and settled in
Washington county in 1777. David
and Jean Imbrie were parents of the fol-
lowing children : Ann Reed, born March
29, 1806, married Joseph Sharp, and died
September 11, 1881 ; Maria Smart, born
September i, 1807, married Dr. J. W.
Calvin, and died in August, 185 1 ; Jean,
born July i, 1809, died unmarried in
October, 1857; David Reed, born Janu-
ary 24, 1812, died January 29, 1872; John
Reed, born April 13, 1815, died March
28, i860, and with two sons is interred
in the cemetery at Washington, Penn-
sylvania; James Milton, born March 9,
1816, died April 12, 1889; Elmira Emily,
born March 2, 1819, married John M.
Buchanan, died October 15, 1895, and
both are buried in the Seceders' grave-
yard, near Darlington. The mother of
Addison M. Imbrie was a descendant of
Samuel Jackson, who settled in Chester
county, Pennsylvania, about 1729, and
was prominently identified with the af-
fairs of that part of the State.

Addison M. Imbrie acquired his edu-
cational training in the public and pri-
vate schools, and also attended the Dar-
lington Academy and the Mt. Pleasant
Academy, of Westmoreland county, and
was graduated from Washington and
Jefferson College in the class of 1876.
He read law in the office of Samuel B.
Wilson, of Beaver, Pennsylvania, and in
April, 1878, registered as a student in
the office of Thomas M. Marshall, a
prominent attorney of Pittsburgh. He
was admitted to the bar in July, 1880,
and for the ten years following was as-
sociated in the practice with his former
preceptor, Thomas M. Marshall. He has
since practised independently, enjoying
an extensive practice. In the prepara-
tion of his cases, Mr. Imbrie is very
thorough and painstaking, and displays
keen analytical power, logical reasoning
and careful deductions. Few men are
398

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

his equal as a brilliant and effective
speaker, which fact has been demon-
strated times without number, in the
presentation of his cause to the jury.
His use of argument, of humor and of
pathos are equally effective. His ora-
torical powers are great, he carries his
hearers with him in thought, and is justly
regarded as one of the most able and
eloquent speakers of today at the bar.
He is a member of all courts, and the
Allegheny County and the Pennsylvania
State Bar associations.

Mr Imbrie married, in Allegheny City,
October 2, 1884, Miss Hattie, daughter
of James P. and Mary Louise (Dunn)
Silliman. Child of Mr. and Mrs. Imbrie,
Boyd Vincent Imbrie. Mrs. Imbrie is
one of the social factors of Pittsburgh
society, and the Imbrie home on Fifth
avenue, Pittsburgh, is the scene of many
social functions. Mr. Imbrie is a mem-
ber of the Duquesne, Monongahela and
Country clubs, of the Episcopal church
and the Sons of the Revolution.

Mr. Imbrie stands high among his pro-
fessional brethren, and the reputation
which he has already gained will increase
and strengthen with the lapse of years,
based as it is upon the solid and endur-
ing foundations of natural ability, broad
and comprehensive learning and unim-
peachable integrity.

FLEMING, Dr. Andrew,
Distinguished Physician and Snrgeon.

Among the most prominent and be-
loved physicians of the Iron City was
the late Andrew Fleming. While the
main events of the life of Dr. Fleming
can be stated in a few lines, it would be
very difficult to record and give any cor-
rect idea of the great number of homes
he brightened and cheered, or of the
many valuable lives lengthened by his
assiduous care during a laborious prac-
tice of over forty years. He had a cer-

tain warmth, geniality, bonhomie, which
made you feel at once that he took an
interest in you, and would do anything
he could for your pleasure or your good.

Andrew Fleming was born in Pitts-
burgh, July 3, 1830; died August 18,
1896, son of Andrew Fleming, born in
Paisley, Scotland, July 26, 1777, died No-
vember 5, 1852, and Annabella Fleming,
born May 26, 1793, died July 6, 1849.
He was educated in the public and pri-
vate schools of the city, and after read-
ing medicine with Dr. Joseph P. Gaz-
zam, he continued his medical studies at
the Jefferson Medical School in Phila-
delphia in 1853, and was graduated there
with honor in 1855. Immediately on re-
ceiving his degree, he was elected resi-
dent physician of the Pennsylvania Hos-
pital, Philadelphia, where he served a
term of eighteen months. Very soon
after his entrance on these duties, he was
appointed to the responsible position of
druggist in place of one who had served
in that capacity for twenty-five years.
In the spring of 1857 he began to prac-
tice in Pittsburgh, associating himself
with Dr. Joseph P. Gazzam, his old pre-
ceptor, on Sixth avenue, a partnership
which was very soon terminated by the
retirement and death of Dr. Gazzam. Dr.
Fleming remained in the same location
until 1888, when he built a beautiful,
convenient residence on Western avenue
in Allegheny (now Northside, Pitts-
burgh).

Starting in his profession well prepared
for the duties involved, Dr. Fleming was
unusually successful in gaining rapidly
an extensive and lucrative practice, and
in taking a place among the first physi-
cians of the State. His practice soon
reached a point where he was obliged
to restrict it territorially, and to refuse
to go beyond certain limits. Never ex-
ceedingly regular in his habits of life,
and not paying the strictest attention to
his own health, the continued labor and

399

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

strain resulted in a dangerous illness of
some months' duration in 1881. Abso-
lute rest and a sojourn in Europe re-
stored perfect health, and he learned, be-
fore it was too late, that there is a limit
to human exertion, even in a good cause.
As a student. Dr. Fleming was re-
markable for two traits that character-
ized him during his entire life — thor-
oughness and accuracy. His systematic
habits of study and his patient persist-
ence not only enabled him to grasp the
main principles of medical science, but
to so make himself master of all the de-
tails that he could apply them practically.
Heartily and enthusiastically devoted to
his profession, he was above all things
a physician. Naturally endowed with a
power of quick observation, accuracy of
eye and dexterity of hand, he diagnosed
correctly and operated rapidly and
neatly. Until the day of his death he
was an earnest and laborious student of
medicine. Keeping himself fully in-
formed of all that was being discovered
anywhere in the great medical world,
carefully investigating for himself any
newly suggested remedies and improved
modes of surgery, reading and speaking
the modern Continental languages al-
most as readily as his own, nothing that
transpired in the medical centers of
Europe escaped his attention. Holding
steadfastly to the fundamental principles
of medical science, intolerant only of
ignorance and quackery, he heartily
greeted, and after most searching exami-
nation, adopted, any discovery that
would relieve pain or cure disease. He
was always prepared for emergencies
and fertile in resources. If the most per-
fect appliance for any special purpose
was not to be had at the moment, his
mechanical dexterity and ready hands
immediately provided a useful substitute
from materials at hand. None but his
patients can tell how suffering was re-
lieved and comfort increased by his at-

tention to the little things, so essential to
the rest of the nervous, wearied invalid.
He was anxious not only to make his
patient well, but to make him as com-
fortable as possible. His bright, cheery
face was like sunlight in the sick-room,
and he radiated hope and good-cheer.
His personal presence, his gentle touch
and musical voice were as efficacious
as medicine. Regarding him intellec-
tually, Dr. Fleming was strong and
broad. He not only knew what he knew,
but he knew for a definite purpose, for
a practical end. Outside of the domain
of social gossip, for which he had no
taste, he seemed to follow the injunction
of the Son of Sirach : "Be not ignorant
of anything in a great matter or a
small." His love of his profession and
the enthusiasm with which he pursued
it, were apparent to everyone who en-
joyed liis acquaintance ; and whatever
books or experience could teach him, he
was always eager to learn and to store
up for use. As his mind was of a notably
scientific cast, he was highly interested
in all scientific subjects and no discovery
in the range of science, no novel, or in-
genious speculation of a scientific charac-
ter, escaped his notice.

In referring to Dr. Fleming's literary
work, the cause of regret is, that his pro-
fessional duties allowed him but little
leisure for what he did so well. Among
his published papers may be mentioned
the monograph, "Blood Stains," prepared
at the request of, and dedicated to Lin-
coln's Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stan-
ton— a clear exposition of a most diffi-
cult and intensely practical subject — a
paper which is still regarded as authori-
tative. Another most exhaustive paper
on "Antero-lateral Sclerosis," read be-
fore the Pennsylvania Medical Society,
and extensively published, was valuable
to the profession, not only as the result
of his own observation and practice, but
as a complete summary of all that had

400

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

been discovered by the most eminent
physicians in France and Germany,
whose original notes and papers Dr.
Fleming, by great personal exertion and
at considerable pecuniary cost, had se-
cured. In his brochure on "Emotional
Fever" (1879) the clinical description
was so clear and precise that it could be
readily recognized although the manifes-
tation of the fever was in the narrow
borderland separating purely physical
disease from mental alienation. To the
Bedford Club — composed of the best
physicians of Pittsburgh and Allegheny
— he contributed about forty papers
highly esteemed by his associaties. They
were prepared with the utmost care, al-
ways conveyed original information with
a precision of statement and an accu-
racy of detail that indicated a complete
knowledge and mastery of his subject.
His fellow members of that club say
that his remarks and criticisms on the
papers of others were characterized by a
gentle, courteous spirit of generous com-
jmendation where deserved, but marked
by a correctness of statement and a clear-
ing away of the difficulties of the ques-
tion under discussion, while at the same
time avoiding any disputation or any re-
marks having the slightest tinge of acri-
mony or personal feeling. One of the
oldest members thus writes : "I think
every member was indebted to Dr. Flem-
ing not a little, for the light and wider
field that his predelictions secured for us,
by their accurate survey and observa-
tion." A marked trait in his conduct,
not only with his confreres, but patients,
and everyone with whom he came in
contact, was his unfailing and uniform
courtesy. In his intercourse with the
members of the medical profession he
manifested a delicate sense of the rela-
tions existing between those whose sole
aim was the good of humanity. His
quick perception and cordial recognition
of ability and merit in those younger in

years and not so skillful or experienced
as himself was prompt and genuine.

Early in the war, in 1861, a Soldiers'
Home was opened near the Union Sta-
tion in Pittsburgh, by the Subsistence
Committee, to care especially for the
multitudes of sick and wounded soldiers
on their homeward journey. Dr. Flem-
ing was at this home, on the arrival of
the trains, every noon and every mid-
night, dressing the wounds of the suf-
ferers and prescribing medicine for the
sick. As the number of soldiers needing
attention was from twenty-five to one
hundred each noon and midnight, these
merciful ministrations took from one to
three hours of his valuable time, but dur-
ing the four years of the war, he rarely
failed to make the two daily visits.
Aside and apart from all that made Dr.
Fleming an ideal physician, there was
the other phase of life and character
more difficult to portray, because it was
so personal and distinctive in all its
traits. Indeed his own conception of
what was required for the profession was
so high, broad and all-embracing, that
he was constantly striving to attain a
complete knowledge of all related science.
In every department of scientific research
— be it archaeology, astronomy, biology,
botany, zoology, any branch of physics,
the main principles, the latest discoveries
and the present status of each were so
accurately stored in his wonderful mem-
ory that they were immediately avail-
able. Eminently practical as he was, he
cultivated a love of the beautiful in art,
and had a thorough acquaintance with
the best pictures and statues in the Euro-
pean collections. A perfect rendition of
the masterpieces of music was to him a
source of the keenest pleasure.

Dr. Fleming married, November 24,
1874, Mrs. Eliza Thaw Lyon, daughter
of John and Catherine (Thaw) Dennis-
ton. By this marriage Dr. Fleming
gained the life companionship of a

401

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

charming and congenial woman, one
fitted in all ways to be his ideal help-
mate. In politics Dr. Fleming affiliated
with the Republican party. A vigilant
and attentive observer of men and meas-
ures, his opinions were recognized as
sound and his views broad, and his ideas
therefore carried weight among those
with whom he discussed public problems.
Those who met him socially had the
highest appreciation for his sterling qual-
ities of manhood and a genial nature
which recognized and appreciated the
good in others. The ties of home and
friendship were sacred to him and he
took a genuine delight in doing a ser-
vice for those who were near and dear
to him.

The death of Dr. Fleming, which oc-
curred at Magnolia, ^Massachusetts, Aug-
ust i8, 1896, deprived Pittsburgh and the
State of Pennsylvania of one of its most
distinguished m.en. He was a man ever
ready to respond to any deserving call
made upon him, yet the number of his
benefactions will remain unknown, for
he delighted to give in such a manner
that few were aware of it. His was a
complete life, full of goodness, leaving
a trail of light behind. Above all he
was a modest man, and never was a
thing done by him for show or ostenta-
tion. It was a solid, simple, true, un-
assuming, strong and serviceable life.

ELWOOD, Robert D.,

Mannfacturer, Financier.

In presenting to the public a review
of the lives of such men as have deserved
well of their fellow citizens, the biogra-
pher should not forget those who, al-
though unobtrusive in their everyday
life, yet by their individuality and force
of character mould the commercial desti-
nies, and give tone to the communities
in which they live. Among the men
whose lives and personal exertions have

done so much toward the material and
commercial prosperity of Pittsburgh, it
may well be doubted if any deserve a
more honorable mention in the historical
and biographical annals of the city and
State than Robert D. Elwood, head of
the firm of R. D. Elwood & Company,
grain brokers.

Robert D. Elwood was born in Apollo,
Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, April
7, 1836, the son of John and Mary (Pat-
terson) Elwood, and received his educa-
tion in public and private schools. He
began his business life as a clerk in a
store, then engaged for a time in the
canal business, and in 1861 enlisted as a
soldier in the Union army, Company I,
78th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer
Infantry. He served three years and
four months, taking part in most of the
engagements in which his regiment par-
ticipated. Shortly following enlistment
he was made second lieutenant, and after-
wards was promoted to the rank of
captain.

The war over, Captain Elwood en-
gaged in mercantile pursuits in Apollo
from 1865 to 1871, and in 1872 went into
the wholesale grain business in Pitts-
burgh, in which he has since that time
been successfully engaged. He organ-
ized and was the first president of the
Pittsburgh Grain Exchange. For some
years he was president of the Iron City
Milling Company, of Pittsburgh. He
was one of the organizers of the First
National Bank of Verona, and its presi-
dent for a number of years, at the pres-
ent time serving in the capacity of di-
rector. He was also a director of the
First-Second National Bank of Pitts-
burgh for many years. He is a man of
deep convictions, great force, and great
personal power. Energy and intensity
are strongly depicted in his countenance,
as are executiveness and will-power, con-
centration, fidelity and tenacity. Of late
he has retired from active business, much

402

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of his work being placed in the compe-
tent hands of his son, Thomas J. Elwood,
who is associated with him in the grain
business, but he still keeps a watchful
eye on his numerous commercial and
financial interests and is in close touch
with the affairs of the day. Mr. Elwood
has been for nearly forty years a resi-
dent of Verona, a suburb of Pittsburgh,
and he is one of the most prominent and
influential citizens of that place. While
a man of the most progressive ideas he
is also one of those who always build
on firm foundations, and this combina-
tion of qualities has resulted in his great
success. In politics Mr. Elwood is a
Republican, and in religion a Presbyter-
ian. He is a member of the Pennsylvania
Society. He is a Free Mason, a mem-
ber of the Loyal Legion, United Veteran
Legion, No. i, of Pittsburgh, and of the
Grand Army of the Republic.

Mr. Elwood married, August 14, 1866,
Mary H. Lewellyn, daughter of John
Lewellyn, of Apollo, and they are the
parents of the following children :
Thomas J. Elwood, associated with his
father in the grain business; John F.
(deceased) ; and Robert D. Jr., one of
Pittsburgh's prominent attorneys. Mrs.
Elwood is an educated and scholarly
woman of rare wifely qualities and ac-
complishments, and fitted by her prac-
tical mind to be a helpmate to her hus-
band in his aspirations and ambitions.
Her husband's busy life has been full of
achievements, and today he is held in
genuine admiration by the people of
Pittsburgh. He needs no eulogy, for the
simple record of his career tells its own
story.

AIKEN, Henry,

Mechanical and Consulting Engineer.

Pittsburgh, that acme of activity, that
creator of millionaires, is a city of prac-
tical thinkers, of men who work with

hands and brain, and foremost among
those thinkers, whose thoughts crystal-
lized into action, was the late Henry
Aiken, a man of commanding intellect,
numbered for many years among the
greatest consulting mechanical engineers,
not in Pennsylvania alone, but in the
United States.

The original home of the Aiken family
was in Scotland and the name has been
variously spelled Akyne, Aikyn, Akin,
Akins, Akyng, Akens, Aken, before as-
suming its present form, Aiken.

Henry Aiken was born August 2, 1843,
in county Down, Ireland, and was a son
of John and Sarah (Davison) Aiken.
When about five years of age he was
brought by his parents to the United
States. They landed in Philadelphia and
went directly to Pittsburgh, where the
boy attended the public schools. At the
outbreak of the Civil War, being then
only in his eighteenth year, he enlisted
as a ninety-day man, and at the expira-
tion of his term re-enlisted for three
years, serving from 1861 to the close of
the war, making the record of a brave
soldier and receiving an honorable dis-
charge.

On leaving the army Mr. Aiken went
to Philadelphia, where he engaged in the
building of machinery, until the spring
of 1880, when he removed to Pittsburgh,
where, for a time, he followed the same
line of industry. His extraordinary me-
chanical genius was, however, rapidly
developing, and first strikingly mani-
fested itself on the occasion of his build-
ing the open hearth steel plate mill for
the firm of Park Brothers. In 1886 he
constructed for Andrew Carnegie the
celebrated steel plate mill which, even at
this late date, with all the wonderful im-
provements that have come to the steel
manufacturing business, still stands as
one of the most perfect and modern
plants in the world, a triumphant testi-
mony to the genius of one of the most

403

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

brilliant mechanical and consulting en-
gineers the world has ever seen. This
statement, which might seem to some
exaggerated in view of the comparatively-
few years which Mr. Aiken had then
given to the study of mechanical en-
gineering, is, by those familiar with his
professional record, known to be the
simplest truth.

After 1889 Mr. Aiken devoted himself
exclusively to the duties of a mechanical
and consulting engineer, his wide and
comprehensive knowledge and excep-
tional ability causing him to be much
sought, and in this capacity he built
some of the largest and most modern
steel plants in the world. His inventive
genius was great, as numbers of patents
and labor-saving devices pertaining to
the steel industry bear witness. Born
to command, wise to plan, he was quick
in action and capable of prolonged effort
with the power of close concentration.
To a man of his type work was happi-
ness. He investigated thoroughly every
detail of a proposed enterprise, calcu-
lated closely the possible consequences
of any given policy, and when satisfied
decided promptly and adhered to his own
convictions. His vigorous, compelling na-
ture and keen, practical mind wrenched
success from any enterprise to which he
gave his vitalizing energy.

In 1892 Mr. Aiken built the works of
the Hydraulic Machine Company, of
which he was the owner, and after 1899
he gave his entire attention to this con-
cern. In addition to his mechanical ge-
nius he possessed extraordinary business
talent, aided by resolute, persevering in-
dustry and unimpeachable integrity.
Over and above his responsibilities as
head of this firm, Mr. Aiken was for
years a member of the auditing commit-
tee of the Real Estate Trust Company,
rendering, in this capacity, most valua-
ble, perhaps we should say, inestimable,
service. Ambition, in him, was wholly

subordinated to principle. Desiring suc-
cess and rejoicing in the benefits and op-
portunities which wealth brings, he was
too broad-minded a man to rate it above
its true value, and in all his mammoth
business undertakings he found that en-
joyment which comes in mastering a
situation, the joy of doing what he un-
dertook. The solution of problems and
the invention of ways and means of over-
coming difficulties afforded him the
pleasure which an ordinary man would
derive from a game requiring skill, care
and thought. Like all men of genius
possessed of large natures, he was ex-
tremely modest, and in consequence of
this it is impossible to give him the
credit he so richly deserves for his work
and his many inventions in connection
with the steel business. For a number
of these inventions, now in universal use,
he never received the credit and reward
which were rightfully his.

Despite the fact that his business obli-
gations were of too absorbing and stren-
uous a nature to allow him to take an
active part in public affairs, Mr. Aiken
was, nevertheless, a vigilant and atten-
tive observer of men and measures, and
his ideas therefore carried weight among
those with whom he discussed public
problems. His political allegiance was
given to the Republican party, and by
his vote and influence he advocated and
supported its cause and candidates. Tak-
ing no active part in political controver-
sies, nor seeking or consenting to hold
office, he was, as a citizens, loyal in his
support of measures calculated to bene-
fit the city and promote its rapid and
substantial development. No good work
done in the name of charity or religion
appealed to him in vain, and, realizing
that he would not pass this way again,
he made wise use of his opportunities
and his wealth.

Of genial nature and companionable
disposition, Mr. Aiken made many

404

J^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

friends and belonged to several clubs, in-
cluding the Duquesne Club and the
Pittsburgh Country Club, where his tact-
ful personality made him always a wel-
come presence. Few men have been en-
dowed with more notable social gifts,
charm of voice and manner, an ever-
luminous sense of humor, quick, gener-
ous sympathies and, greatest of all, the
subtle faculty of making all about him
appear at their best. His ripe and varied
experience, his judicial mind, and his
careful observation made him the trusted
counsellor of his friends at all times and
in all phases of their lives. Young and
old sought him alike to settle doubts
and to adjust differences, and his decis-
ions, both upon private matters and
public interests, were recognized as pre-
eminently wise, prudent and prophetic,
and were triumphantly verified by the
issue of events. He might truly be called
a man universal. His sympathy for hu-
manity was so broad that it extended to
all who came in contact with him.
Reared in the faith of the Methodist
Episcopal church, he was devoid of all
sectarian feeling. His insight into hu-
man nature was keen, but large as was
his mind his heart was larger. His sen-
sitive nature abhorred ostentation, and
his charity was of the kind that does
good by stealth.

Mr. Aiken married, June 20, 1870, Nel-
lie, daughter of James and Eliza (Croft)
Culton, of Edgerton, Wisconsin, and
they became the parents of one daugh-
ter: Nellie, who is now the wife of Dr.
Edward Graver. Mr. Aiken was a man
of strong domestic affections, always
happiest at his own fireside, and ever
finding in his wife an ideal helpmate.

The death of Mr. Aiken, which oc-
curred December 8, 1908, deprived Pitts-
burgh of one of her most respected citi-
zens and foremost business men, and
robbed his country, and the world at
large, of a famous engineer, one to whom

others of his profession came for advice
and direction, one whose brain was the
controlling and guiding force in many
gigantic enterprises. A man of large
nature, beloved by his employees, hon-
ored by his associates, and regarded by
all as an example of integrity, energy,
faithfulness and ability, he stood at all
times as an able exponent of the spirit
of the age in his efforts to advance prog-
ress and improvement, and few men in
Pittsburgh enjoyed to a greater degree
the affection of their fellow-citizens, pos-
sessing as he did that appreciation of
the good traits of others, that warmth
of heart and that grace of manner which
win and hold friends. His business
transactions were conducted in accord-
ance with the highest principles, he ful-
filled to the letter every trust committed
to him and was generous in his feelings
and conduct toward all.

It is impossible to estimate the value
of such a man to a community, at least
during his life-time. While he is in the
midst of his activities we cannot measure
results by what he is accomplishing, or
proportion them according to the extent
of his specific business. His influence
ramifies all through the commercial and
industrial sphere, extending itself to the
whole social economy. Every man, from
the toiling laborer to the merchant
prince, receives benefit from him. Such
a man leaves the world better than he
found it, and such a man was Henry
Aiken.

YOUNG, Edward Mark,

Mannfactnrer, Man of Affairs.

The Young family has figured prom-
inently in the development of the Lehigh
Valley for more than a century, repre-
sentatives of the name leaving their
impress upon the material progress, po-
litical, social, intellectual and moral ad-
vancement of Eastern Pennsylvania. The

405

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

first of the name of whom we have
authentic record is Christian Young, who
was proprietor of a store at Clader's
Lime Kilns in Hanover township, Le-
high county. He was a native of Mil-
ford township, Bucks county, Pennsyl-
vania, and in early manhood married
Catherine Strassburger. After the birth
of their son Joseph, Christian Young re-
turned with his family to Milford town-
ship, Bucks county, where he conducted
a store and also engaged in the operation
of a farm. Several years prior to his
death he established a dyeing and weav-
ing business and remained in active con-
nection with that enterprise up to the
time of his demise, which occurred when
he was fifty-seven years of age. He was
a member of the Mennonite church.

Joseph Young, son of Christian and
Catherine Young, and grandfather of Ed-
ward Mark Young, was born in Hanover
township, Lehigh county, December 31,
1812, and was one of a family of thirteen
children, eight sons and five daughters. In
his early youth he accompanied his par-
ents on their removal to Milford town-
ship, Bucks county, and there learned the
trade of dyeing and weaving with his
father, but it did not prove a congenial
occupation to him, and when he was a
youth of fifteen he went to Bethlehem,
where he learned the blacksmith's trade
with Mr. Warner. On the completion
of his term of apprenticeship he removed
to Coopersburg, Pennsylvania, where he
engaged in blacksmithing until 1832. He
then took up his abode in Allentown and
entered the employment of Joseph Kram-
er, a coach maker doing business on
Seventh street. Subsequently he was
employed successively by Major William
Fry and Stephen Barber, and on leaving
the latter service entered into partner-
ship with Reuben Guth and Augustus L.
Ruhe in the printing and book business.
They were the publishers of the "Lecha
Patriot." Finally, he retired from the

firm and joined his former employer,
Stephen Barber, in the establishment of
a hardware store, which was one of the
first business enterprises in Allentown.
It developed with the growth of the city,
becoming a large and profitable concern.
Mr. Barber erected a building at No.
724 Hamilton street, into which the hard-
ware stock was moved. Later the store
was established at No. 740 Hamilton
street, where the business is carried on at
the present time. Various changes oc-
curred in the firm from time to time.
The senior partner, Stephen Barber, died
in i860. Shortly before his death a new
partnership was formed between Mark
S. Young, Joseph Young, Reuben P.
Steckle and Edward B. Young, under the
firm name of M. S. Young. & Co. This
title for the firm has continued to the
present time, though a number of
changes have taken place.

Joseph Young was prominent and in-
fluential in public affairs in Allentown,
and in 1838 became a charter member
of the Humane Fire Company. He took
part in the first firemen's parade in Al-
lentown, August 26, 1843, with Mayor
Strauss as chief marshal. A cold water
fight in the business center of the city
ended the day's sport. Hon. R. E.
Wright, R. Strauss and Joseph R. New-
hard were also members of the company.
In 1841-42-43-44 Joseph Young was a
member of the town council, Charles
Seip and Peter Newhard being the
burgesses. During the last two years of
his incumbency he was chairman of the
board. His political support was given
to the Whig party until its dissolution,
when he joined the ranks of the new Re-
publican party. He gave his time and
means to its advancement, and exercised
considerable influence in local public
circles. In 1856 he was a delegate to the
Republican National Convention which
nominated John C. Fremont as its first
candidate for the presidency, and in i860

406

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

was again a delegate, and in the latter gave earnest and effective cooperation to

convention he had serious discussion
with Simon Cameron because of his stal-
wart championship of Abraham Lincoln.
His life was ever actuated by honorable
principles and noble purposes. In his
youth he was confirmed in the Reformed
Church, and upon his removal to Allen-
town placed his membership in Zion's
Reformed Church, of which he became
an active and leading member, serving as
deacon, and as superintendent of the
Sunday School. He labored earnestly
for the advancement of the cause and
the extension of its influence until failing
health necessitated his retirement from
church work as well as other activities of
life. In 1834 Joseph Young was married
to Hannah Blumer, a daughter of Henry
Blumer, and a granddaughter of Rev.
Abraham Blumer, who was pastor of
Zion Reformed Church, AUentown, dur-
ing the Revolutionary War.

Their only son. Colonel Edward Blum-
er Young, was born in AUentown, Sep-
tember 6, 1836, and pursued his education
in AUentown Seminary under the instruc-
tion of Rev. Dr. Kessler. He was in his
sixteenth year when he went to Belle-
fonte. Center county, Pennsylvania, and
entered upon an apprenticeship at the
watchmaker's trade, covering a term of
-nearly three years. He never followed
that pursuit, however, but returned home
to enter the hardware store of Barber,
Young & Company, in the capacity of
clerk. He thus served until i860, when
"he was admitted to a partnership and en-
tered upon a career as a merchant that
was at once successful and honorable.
In his business affairs he was straight-
forward, prompt and reliable, and his
enterprise and diligence were potent fac-
tors in the extension of the business,
which became one of the leading mer-
cantile interests in AUentown.

In citizenship Colonel Young was
■equally enterprising and progressive, and

every measure which he believed would
contribute to the general good. No pub-
lic trust reposed in him was ever be-
trayed in the slightest degree, and he
won the esteem of all by the faithful dis-
charge of the duties which were given to
his care. He was called to various pub-
lice offices, serving in early manhood as
a member of the Select Council of Al-
lentown from the Second Ward. For a
number of years he was the treasurer of
the Columbia Fire Company, and took
deep interest and great pride in the de-
velopment of the excellent Fire Depart-
ment of AUentown. His patriotic spirit
and loyal devotion to his country were
aroused, and in 1862, when the rebel
troops invaded Pennsylvania, he entered
the service with the State militia. In
June, 1863, upon the second invasion, he
enlisted as first lieutenant of Company
H, 27th Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers. His regiment was subsequently
mustered into the United States service
and joined the Army of the Potomac at
Waynesboro, participating in the engage-
ment at Wrightsville. The public serv-
ice, however, which most endeared
Colonel Young to his fellow townsmen
was that he rendered them as mayor of
AUentown. In the spring of 1876 he
was nominated by the Republican party
for the office of chief executive of the
municipality, and after a stubborn contest
was elected by a majority of sixty-nine
votes. He was filling the office during
the memorable labor riots of 1877, ^"d
so conducted the affairs of the city that
he won the highest commendation of all
law-abiding people. Bloodshed and riot
occurred in other places, but Mayor
Young, comprehending the gravity of
the situation and realizing the responsi-
bility which developed upon him, held
the reins of government with firm hand,
and maintained law and order, quelling
the disturbing spirit that would have

407

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

brought about scenes of violence. His
administration is certainly one of the
most notable in the history of Allentown.
His influence in political circles, how-
ever, was not restricted to the city in
which he made his home. He was recog-
nized as one of the prominent Repub-
licans of the State, and represented
Lehigh county as a member of the State
Central Committee. He was also chair-
man of the Republican County Commit-
tee for a number of years, and was
frequently the representative of his coun-
ty in the State conventions. In 1876 he
was a delegate to the Republican Na-
tional Convention at Cincinnati, Ohio,
and he served as an aide-de-camp on the
staffs of Governor Hartranft and of Gov-
ernor Hoyt. He was also appointed one
of the prison inspectors of Lehigh coun-
ty, and his services were characterized in
that board by the same excellent qual-
ities ever manifest in his business and
administrative relations. Political hon-
ors and emoluments, however, had little
attraction for him, and he never sought
office as a reward for party fealty, but
gave his support to the principles which
he believed contained the best elements
of good government, working for his
party because he believed it to be the
duty as well as the privilege of every
American citizen to support his honest
political convictions. He was fearless
in defense of what he believed, yet was
never bitterly aggressive, and he won the
highest respect of the opposition as well
as the leaders of his own party.

The influence of Colonel Young was
felt in equally strong measure in fratern-
al circles. He attained high rank in
Masonry, holding membership in Barger
Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons ; Al-
lentown Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ;
Allentown Council, Royal and Select
Masters ; Allentown Commandery,
Knights Templar, and Philadelphia Con-
sistory, Sovereign Princes of the Royal

Secret. He filled the highest ofiice in
each of the York Rite bodies, and was
recognized as one of the best informed
Masons in the tenets of the craft in the
State. He was also an active member
of the Grand Army of the Republic, and
assisted in the organization of Post No.
87, Allentown, which since his death has
been named in his honor. He was its
first commander, and at the time of his
demise was serving as quartermaster.
His opinions carried weight in the Penn-
sylvania department, and he was at one
time a member of the council of admin-
istration of the State and represented his
post at many encampments. He gave
freely of his means to the cause of
Christianity, and although not a member,
served as trustee of the Presbyterian
church.

Colonel Young died December 30,
1879, in the forty-fourth year of his age.
His personal characteristics, his unfail-
ing honor in business, political and social
relations, and his loyalty to his honest
convictions, endeared him to all with
whom he was associated at the time of
his death. He was survived by his wife
and three children: Annie E., Harry J.
and Edward M. Mrs. Young bore the
maiden name of Mary Ann Kuhns, and
was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania.
Her parents were Peter and Elizabeth
(Knerr) Kuhns, and the latter was a
daughter of Andrew and Catherine Eliz-
abeth (Schall) Knerr. Andrew Knerr
and his brother John were the only sons
of Abraham Knerr, who was born in
Germany, in 1714, and migrated to Le-
high Valley in 1748, taking up three hun-
dred acres of land in Lowhill township.

Edward Mark Young, only living son
of Colonel Edward B. and Mary A.
Young, was born in Allentown, Penn-
sylvania, September 24, 1866. Having
acquired his early education in the public
schools, he subsequently attended Muh-
lenberg College until he had completed

408

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

one-half the work of the junior year.
He then entered upon his business career
in the store of M. S. Young & Company,
in order to become practically familiar
with mercantile methods, and more espe-
cially those in use in the hardware trade.
This business, with which his father was
so long associated, and in which the fam-
ily has been interested for more than
sixty years, is successfully conducted at
the present time (1913) by Edward M.
Young and his partner, Wilson P. Lud-
wig. The safe, conservative policy in-
augurated at the beginning has always
been followed, and the progressive meth-
ods of the present time have also been
introduced, making the enterprise one of
the leading concerns in Allentown. Mr.
Young has extended his efforts to a num-
ber of other fields of labor. In Novem-
ber, 1897, he assisted in organizing the
Lehigh Portland Cement Company, was
for a period of years its secretary and
treasurer, and is now vice-president of
this corporation. The twelve plants of
this company have an annual capacity of
over ten million barrels, and it is one of
the largest companies in the world. For
the past fifteen years Mr. Young has also
been president of the Allentown Steam
Heating and Power Company. He is a
director in the Lehigh Valley Transit
Company; he took an active part in the
reorganization of the old Lehigh Valley
Traction Company, and was the first
vice-president of the new company. The
entire system has been developed, im-
proved and extended, and the excellent
facilities for. public accommodation are
considered one of the potent factors in the
development of the city and of the coun-
try through which it operates.

Like his father and grandfather, Ed-
ward Mark Young has been associated
with the political, social and civic life
of Allentown. During the six years from
1894 to 1900 he served as a member of the
Board of Control of Education from the

Second Ward. In 1896 he was a dele-
gate to the Republican National Conven-
tion which met at St. Louis and nomi-
nated Major William McKinley for the
presidency of the United States. He was
also a delegate to the Republican Na-
tional Convention of 1908 in which Wil-
liam Howard Taft was nominated for the
office of president. He has served ten
years as a member of the Republican
State Committee of Pennsylvania. Gov-
ernor Tener appointed Air. Young as a
member of the commission charged with
completing the buildings of the State
Homoeopathic Hospital for Insane near
Allentown, Pennsylvania, and he was
subsequently appointed a member of the
board of trustees of that institution. He
is a trustee of the Allentown Hospital, of
Muhlenberg College at Allentown, of the
Allentown College for Women, and of the
Presbyterian Church. His social affilia-
tions consist of membership in the fol-
lowing organizations : The Union League
of Philadelphia, the Livingston Club of
Allentown, the Lehigh Country Club of
Allentown, and the Independent Order of
Elks.

Mr. Young has served for a number of
years as director of the Lehigh Valley
Trust Company ; was for about two years
its vice-president, and for the past six
years has filled the position of president.
The Lehigh Valley Trust Company, lo-
cated at No. 634-636 Hamilton street, Al-
lentown, Pennsylvania, was incorporated
in 1888, and was the first institution of
its kind in the Lehigh Valley. By care-
ful and conservative management the as-
sets of the company have grown from an
original capitalization of $125,000 to a
total of capital, surplus and undivided
profits, amounting to $650,000. The
trust funds now in charge of the bank
amount to over $2,800,000. A handsome,
new and well appointed fire-proof bank-
ing-house has just been completed, and
the company is recognized as one of the

409

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

leading institutions of its kind in this
part of the State. The directorate has al-
ways been made up of men of standing in
the community, and at present is repre-
sented by the following: Morris C.
Bastian, Wilson J. Hartzell, Andrew S.
Keck, George Ormrod, Harvey H. Farr,
George K. Mosser, Alfred G. Saeger,
George H. Kleppinger, Charles F. Mos-
ser, John Taylor, Samuel B. Anewalt,
Joseph Ruhe, Lawrence H. Rupp, Ed-
ward H. Reninger, Lewis O. Shank-
weiler, and Edward M. Young.

Mr. Young married, January 27, 1891,
Kate R., daughter of Samuel B. and Caro-
line (Keck) Anewalt, of Allentown, and
they have had five children : Hannah M.,
married to J. Edward Durham, Jr. ; Rob-
ert A., Joseph S., Caroline, and Edward
M., Jr.

AIKEN, Robert K.,

Lawyer, Fablic Official.

The Aikens first settled in Maryland,
and they lived a short time near Mt.
Pleasant, in Westmoreland county, Penn-
sylvania. They settled about 1800 in that
part of Beaver county, Pennsylvania, that
is now Wayne township, Lawrence coun-
ty-
Alexander Harrison Aiken, the father
of Robert Kennedy Aiken, was a mer-
chant first at Princeton, Lawrence coun-
ty, and later at Portersville, Butler coun-
ty. In 1874 he moved to Mt. Jackson,
where he continued in business until his
death, July i, 1878. His wife, Jane Ken-
nedy, was born in Muddycreek township,
Butler county, and died at New Castle,
Pennsylvania, in March, 1904.

Robert Kennedy Aiken, son of Alex-
ander Harrison and Jane (Kennedy)
Aiken, was born in Portersville, Butler
county, Pennsylvania. He attended the
public schools at Portersville and Mt.
Jackson. After the death of his father
he continued the mercantile business in

Mt. Jackson until 1886, when he retired
and entered Westminster College, New
Wilmington, Pennsylvania, whence he
was graduated with the degree of A.
B. in the class of 1890. Upon com-
pletion of his college course, his tastes
inclining to a professional rather than a
business career, he entered the law of-
fice of David S. Morris, Esq., an active
practicing attorney of the city of New
Castle, Pennsylvania, under whose direc-
tion he pursued the study of law, com-
pleting the full law course and being
admitted to the bar of Lawrence county,
in September, 1891. Opening an office in
the city of New Castle, he at once began
the practice of his profession and with
pronounced success. In 1894 he was
elected District Attorney for Lawrence
county and prosecuted the duties of his
office in such a brilliant and energetic
manner as to establish his place as one of
the leading lawyers at the Lawrence
county bar. His natural talent in that
direction improved and cultivated in the
trial of cases in the District Attorney's
office has rendered him one of the most
distinguished and successful trial lawyers.
His ability and integrity have secured
for him a large and varied private prac-
tice calling for his appearance in the in-
terests of his clients in all the State and
Federal Courts of the District.

From 1898 to 1902 Mr. Aiken was a
member of the Select Council of New
Castle, and for this entire period was
president of that body. In politics Mr.
Aiken's principles have been largely
those of the Republican party, but of an
independent progressive type, and has al-
ways been a leader in the fight against
domination of the party by the bosses,
and has never hesitated to break with
either his party or its leaders on a ques-
tion of principle.

For a number of years Mr. Aiken has
been a member of the board of trustees of
Westminster College, which position he

410

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

still holds, taking a keen interest in the
welfare of the student body and in the
prosperity of his alma mater. His re-
ligious affiliation is with the United Pres-
byterian Church, he being a member of
the Second Congregation of that denom-
ination in the city of New Castle.

McKINNEY, William S.,

Iieader in Community Interests.

Not all the men to whom Pittsburgh
owes her commercial celebrity were her
sons by birth. Many came from parts of
Pennsylvania remote from her bounda-
ries and others from portions of the
Union far distant from the Keystone
State. Conspicuous among the business
men inseparably associated with the Iron
City, but not born within her confines,
was the late William S. McKinney, Presi-
dent of the McKinney Manufacturing
Company and identified with a number of
leading financial institutions. Mr. Mc-
Kinney took an active interest in chari-
table and religious work and was promi-
nent in the social life of his adopted
city.

William S. McKinney was born August
II, 1844, in Troy, New York, and was a
son of Robert and Mary Jane (Smythe)
McKinney. The boy was educated in
public and private schools of his native
city and in 1861 removed with his par-
ents to Cincinnati. In 1878 Mr. McKin-
ney came to Pittsburgh which was
thenceforth his home during the remain-
der of his life. He was president of the
McKinney Manufacturing Company from
the date of its organization until his
death, and the concern was built up chief-
ly by his tireless energy and aggressive
methods enforced by an unimpeachable
integrity which inspired universal confi-
dence. The specialty of the company
was the making of hinges and bolts, and
in this line of manufacture they had no
superior. Forceful, sagacious and re-

sourceful, Mr. McKinney was recognized
as one in the inmost circle of those clos-
est to the business concerns and financial
interests which most largely conserved
the growth and progress of the city. To
his associates he showed a kindly, hu-
morous side of his nature which made
their business relations most enjoyable,
while his conduct toward his subordinates
was marked by a uniform justice and
benevolence which won for him their
most loyal service and was, in fact, one
of the secrets of his phenomenal success.
He was a director of the Allegheny Trust
Company and the Pennsylvania Light,
Heat and Power Company, and had large
financial interests in many of the leading
business and monetary institutions of
the city.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and civic virtue, Mr. McKin-
ney stood in the front rank. Always
searching for a channel through which
the material and moral welfare of Pitts-
burgh might be advanced, he never failed
to lend a strong hand in the guidance of
such advancement. As a Republican he
took an active part in public aflfairs, and
for years represented his ward in the Al-
legheny Council. For nearly twenty
years he served as one of the managers
of the Pennsylvania Reform School at
Morganza, his last commission being is-
sued by Governor Tener in June, 191 1.
Ever ready to respond to any deserving
call made upon him, the full number of his
benefactions will in all probability ever
remain unknown for his charity was of
the kind that shuns publicity. He be-
longed to the Duquesne Club and the
Pittsburgh Country Club, and was a
member of the Shady Side Presbyterian
Church, in the work of which he took an
active interest. A fine-looking, genial
man, his countenance radiated an optimis-
tic spirit and also gave evidence of the
strong mental endowments by which he
was distinguished. His business capacity

411

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

was of the highest order and his judg-
ment of men exceptional. He possessed
a frankness and kindHness of disposition
and a courtesy of manner which made
him a delightful companion and he was
a dependable man in any relation and any
emergency, ready to meet any obligation
of life with the confidence and courage
born of conscious personal ability and an
habitual regard for what is best in the
sphere of human activities. The briefest
conversation with him revealed those
versatile talents which won for him the
admiration of his fellow-citizens.

Mr. McKinney married (first) Mary
Frances Harper, of Hamilton, Ohio, and
they were the parents of two daughters:
Mary Alice, and Katherine Eliza. Mrs.
McKinney died, and Mr. McKinney mar-
ried (second) August 14, 1884, Jane B.,
daughter of James and Maria Louisa,
(McKee) McGunegle. The following
children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Mc-
Kinney: Robert Grant, William S., Vir-
ginia, and Louise, who is the wife of
Roland G. Wood. Mrs. McKinney, a
woman of rare wifely qualities, was ad-
mirably fitted by her excellent practical
mind to be a helpmate to her husband
in his aspirations and ambitions, possess-
ing also those domestic qualities which
enabled her to make the home a refuge
from the storm and stress of business and
public affairs. Mr. McKinney loved no
place so well as his own fireside and was
never so happy as when surrounded by
his family and friends, for he delighted
in the exercise of hospitality and was, as
all who were privileged to be his guests
can testify, an incomparable host.

The death of Mr. McKinney, which oc-
curred August 30, 191 1, was a direct blow
to Pittsburgh. Unostentatious in his ac-
tivities, he nevertheless was a man of
most progressive endeavor and no more
loyal lover of his city was to be found
within her confines. The financial and
commercial concerns, the educational, po-

litical, charitable and religious interests
which constitute the chief features in the
life of every community, all profited by
his support and co-operation and few men
have enjoyed to a greater degree the con-
fidence of their fellow-citizens. Albeit
not by birth a Pittsburgher, none could
have partaken more largely of the spirit
of the Iron City than did her adopted son,
William S. McKinney. He seemed to
share with her that secret of perpetual
energy which is and ever has been her
peculiar possession and his record abun-
dantly testifies that he had adopted for
his own her distinctive motto — "Do!"

JOHNSTON, William G.,

Iieading Printer, Financier.

The fundamental cause of Pittsburgh's
greatness is found in the unsurpassed
quality of her citizenship — a citizenship
which includes a class of men who have
devoted themselves to ministering to the
literary and intellectual life of the city
and so have helped to maintain her in
that mental supremacy which is the basis
of her gigantic material force. Notable
among this influential class of citizens
was the late William Graham Johnston,
founder of the old and well known print-
ing and bookbinding firm of William G.
Johnston & Company, and for more than
half a century prominently identified with
the business, civic and religious interests
of his native Pittsburgh.

Samuel Johnston, great-grandfather of
William Graham Johnston, served as
surgeon in the patriot army of the Rev-
olution, and died in service April 4, 1777.
John, son of Samuel Johnston, was the
fourth postmaster of Pittsburgh, and a
trustee of the old log church, the first
of the Presbyterian denomination erected
in that city. He married Mary Reed,
daughter of Samuel Reed.

Samuel R. Johnston, son of John and
Mary (Reed) Johnston, was head of the

412

VVmvv \J\ .^r«rvN>«^v

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

firm of Johnston & StockmaH, printers
and publishers of Pittsburgh's early days,
and from 1818 to 1822 was one of the
proprietors of the old "Pittsburgh Ga-
zette." Samuel R. Johnston was elected
treasurer of the city in 1839, and served
two years, and served several terms as
treasurer of Allegheny county. He mar-
ried Mary Nelson, daughter of Andrew
Nelson, and niece of the late Major Wil-
liam Graham. Samuel R. Johnston died
September 17, 1854.

William Graham Johnston, son of
Samuel and Mary (Nelson) Johnston,
was born August 22, 1828, in Pittsburgh,
and received his early education in pub-
lic and private schools, passing from
these to the Bellevernon Academy and
thence to the Western University of
Pennsylvania, now the University of
Pittsburgh. He attained his majority in
1849 — the year made memorable by the
discovery of the California gold fields —
and lost no time in organizing a party
of young Pittsburghers, including the
late William O'Hara Scully, to make the
perilous and romantic journey. They
were passengers on the wagon-train
which was the first to enter California,
and their own particular mess was the
first to reach the Sacramento river. In
1892 he published for private circulation
a book telling of his experiences in the
"days of '49."

In 1857 Mr. Johnston founded the
printing and bookbinding firm of Wil-
liam G. Johnston & Company, their place
of business being situated at Wood street
and Second avenue. In 1886 he erected
at Penn avenue and Ninth street the
structure now occupied by the firm.
Such were his versatility of talent and
untiring energy that his activities in the
business world were not limited to his
connection with this important concern.
He assisted in organizing the Pitts-
burgh Exposition, the Citizens' Insur-
ance Company, the Duquesne National

Bank, and the Pittsburgh Steel Casting
Company, the last named being the first
steel casting company of the United
States. In all these corporations Mr.
Johnston held the office of president, and
he was also president of the Hainsworth
Steel Company, taken over by the Oliver
interests. Previous to this he had held
the presidency of the Atlantic and Pacific
Telegraph Company and the Mercantile
Telegraph Company, both acquired by
the Western Union, and he had also
been president of the Woodruff Sleeping
Car Company, later taken over by the
Pullman Company. The full discharge
of the duties involved in half these re-
sponsible positions would have been an
impossibility to the average man, but
William Graham Johnston was not an
average man. To whatever he under-
took he gave his whole soul, allowing
none of the many interests intrusted to
his charge to suffer for want of close and
able attention and industry.

Seldom, indeed, is it that a man as ac-
tive and successful in business as was Mr.
Johnston takes the keen and helpful in-
terest in civic afifairs which he mani-
fested, his name being associated with
various projects of the utmost municipal
concern. The only public office which he
ever consented to hold was that of school
director, and for many years he served
as president of the old Twentieth Ward
school board. No good work done in the
name of charity or religion sought his
co-operation in vain and in his work of
this character he brought to bear the
same discrimination and thoroughness
which were manifest in his business life.
During the railroad riots of 1877 he was
elected chairman of the committee of
public safety, a body largely instrumental
in bringing order out of chaos at that
crisis in our affairs.

In religious matters Mr. Johnston took
an active part, holding the office of elder
in the East Liberty Presbyterian Church,

413

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

and serving as superintendent of its Sun-
day school. He was a trustee of the
Pennsylvania College for Women, and
was continuously on the boards of va-
rious charitable institutions. Busy man as
he was throughout a long and useful life,
he was withal a great traveler, visiting
every state in the Union and nearly every
country on the globe. A man of fine
personal appearance, Mr. Johnston's
countenance was expressive of that ex-
traordinary energy of mind of which his
career furnished such striking evidence.
One of his salient characteristics was in-
sight into the motives and merits of men,
his ability to detect sham and pretense.
As an author he had the enviable reputa-
tion of never failing to interest his read-
ers. In addition to the work on Cali-
fornia mentioned above he published a
book relating to the early history of Pitts-
burgh, and was widely known as a news-
paper and magazine writer. Broad in
his views, buoyant in disposition, honest,
sincere and self-reliant, strictly upright
in all his transactions, he won and held
a high place in the esteem and afifection
of all who knew him.

Mr. Johnston married (first) in 1853,
Sarah, daughter of Matthew Stewart, a
representative of one of the old families
of Pittsburgh, and they became the par-
ents of the following children: Sarah,
deceased ; Mrs. Harry P. Pears, of Pitts-
burgh ; Mrs. Robert W. Patterson, also
of Pittsburgh; Mrs. H. C. Beville, of
California; Paul, of Rochester, New
York; and Stewart, president of the Pitts-
burgh Steel Foundry Company. The
imother of these children died in 1889,
while travelling abroad, and in 1894 Mr.
Johnston married (second) Charlotte
Winslow, of Watertown, New York, who
died a few years later. In 1899 Mr. John-
ston married (third) Julia Ely, of Water-
town, New York, who survives him. In
the exercise of hospitality Mr. Johnston
found one of his chief pleasures, and all

who were ever privileged to be his guests
can testify that he was a delightful host
and a most effective conversationalist,
having accumulated a rich store of infor-
mation and kept in close touch with the
events of the day and with prominent
men of all professions and callings.

In 1894 Mr. Johnston became a resident
of Watertown, New York, and it was
there that he breathed his last, on June
I, 1913. Despite the fact that nearly
twenty years had elapsed since he left
Pittsburgh, the Iron City claimed him as
one of her favorite sons, and, when the
news of his death arrived, mourned him
as one ever to be held in honored and
grateful remembrance. Beloved by his
employes, respected by his business as-
sociates, he had stood for many years as
a splendid type of the American citizen
whose interests are broad and whose la-
bors are a manifestation of a recognition
of the responsibilities of wealth as well
as of his ability in the successful control
of commercial affairs.

William Graham Johnston was the
great-grandson of a man who in the ex-
ercise of his beneficent calling laid down
his life in the struggle for national inde-
pendence, and he was the son and grand-
son of men who a century and more ago
were prominently identified with the
leading interests of Pittsburgh. Patrio-
tic, useful and respected citizens, they
left a record of enduring honor. Nobly
did their descendant emulate their ex-
ample, his achievements even surpassing
their own and adding new lustre to a
name which, for three generations, had
been held in deserved honor in the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania.

McKELVY, James P.,

Frominent Physician.

Among those benefactors of mankind
whose talents, in whatever direction they
may be exercised, are used for the relief

414

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

and uplifting of humanity, there is no
larger class than that formed by the
votaries of the noble profession of medi-
cine. The physicians of Pittsburgh have
ever stood in the front rank, noted as
they have been for close study, unwearied
research and ceaseless activity, and those
who to-day maintain the ancient prestige
of the profession are in all respects the
equals of their distinguished predeces-
sors.

James McKelvy, great-grandfather of
James P. McKelvy, was born in County
Down, Ireland, and in 1804 emigrated to
the United States, settling in Allegheny
county, Pennsylvania. He eventually
purchased a farm of one hundred and
sixty acres, then composed chiefly of
woodland, but which by his industry and
perseverance was cleared and rendered
productive. He married in Ireland and
his children were: James, mentioned be-
low ; William, late of Pittsburgh ; Hugh,
also late of Pittsburgh, and an oil mer-
chant; John, a farmer; Elizabeth, wife of
John Bowers, and now deceased ; Sarah,
wife of Adam Walters ; and Mary A.,
wife of Daniel Armstrong. The parents
of these children spent the latter years of
their lives on their own farm. They
were exemplary characters and members
of the Protestant Church.

James McKelvy, son of James and
Elizabeth McKelvy, was born about 1800,
in Ireland, and remained at home until
his marriage, three years later purchas-
ing a farm which he brought to a high
state of cultivation, becoming, moreover,
noted for the excellent quality of his
stock. In 1839 the log cabin which had
hitherto been his dwelling was replaced
by one of the best brick houses to be
found in the length and breadth of the
county. Mr. McKelvy was prominent in
township affairs, and in politics was an
old-line Whig and later a Republican.
He was a member of the Methodist
Episcopal church, and instrumental in the

erection of its first structure in Wilkins-
burg. He married Rosanna, born on the
Swisshelm homestead, near Swissvale
Station, daughter of John and Elizabeth
(Wonderly) Swisshelm, the former a
Revolutionary veteran, of old Pennsyl-
vania stock. Of the nine children of Mr.
and Mrs. McKelvy the following reached
maturity: John S., mentioned below;
William H., a physician of Pittsburgh ;
Wilbur P., also of Pittsburgh ; Martha J.,
wife of Henry Wintersmith, of Louis-
ville, Kentucky; James AL, judge of
Stearns county, Minnesota, and now de-
ceased ; and Elizabeth, who married John
W. Hagen, and is now deceased. James
McKelvy, the father, died in 1888. He
was a man of strict integrity and was
held by his neighbors in the highest and
most deserved esteem.

John S. McKelvy, son of James and
Rosanna (Swisshelm) McKelvy, was
born April 22, 1841, on the homestead,
and received his early education in the
public schools, afterward attending Wil-
kinsburg Academy and then entering Al-
legheny College. He spends part of the
year on the homestead, but has a resi-
dence in Wilkinsburg. where he has
erected several business blocks. He is a
Republican, and has held several local
offices, serving many years on the school
board, and also in the borough council.
He affiliates with Braddock Lodge, Free
and Accepted Masons, and is a member
of the Presbyterian Church, having been
largely instrumental in building and sup-
porting the churches of the place in which
he lives. Mr. McKelvy married, Septem-
ber 16, 1863, Eleanor, bom December 6,
1840, in Wilkinsburg, daughter of John
and Mary (Davis) Horner, and the fol-
lowing children have been born to them:
Rose, wife of Marshall D. ^McWhinney,
of Edgewood ; a son who died in in-
fancy : James P., mentioned below : Mary
H., who married Louis A. Raisig and is
now deceased ; Elizabeth H., wife of Dr.

415

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

W. A. Sanderson, of Wilkinsburg ;
Eleanor G., wife of H. W. Mcintosh, of
Wilkinsburg; and John Semple.

Dr. James P. McKelvy, son of John S.
and Eleanor (Horner) McKelvy, was
born December i, 1869, on the ancestral
farm, near Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania,
and received his elementary education in
the public schools of that place, later at-
tending for three years the Pittsburgh
high schools, after which he took up the
study of chemistry and entered Columbia
University. Having completed his course
of study he entered the service of the
firm of Mcintosh & Hemphill, and for
three years followed the profession of a
chemist. Both the tastes and talents of
Mr. McKelvy strongly inclined him to
the profession of medicine, and he re-
solved after a time to make this noble
calling his life-work. Accordingly, he
matriculated in the Medical Department
of Columbia University, and in 1901 re-
ceived from that institution the degree of
Doctor of Medicine. He then spent two
years in the Roosevelt Hospital, New
York City, and in 1904 opened an office
in Pittsburgh, where he has since built
up a large and lucrative practice, — the re-
sult of innate ability joined to patient,
arduous, unremitting application and in-
flexible and unfaltering courage. He oc-
cupies a prominent position in the medi-
cal fraternity and both they and the pub-
lic at large can testify that the enviable
reputation which he has already gained
is justly merited.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and civic virtue, Dr. Mc-
Kelvy stands in the front rank, and no
plan having the promotion of these ends
in view fails to secure his hearty coopera-
tion and support. Ever ready to respond
to any deserving call made upon him, the
full number of his benefactions will, in
all probability, never be known to the
world, for his charity is of the kind that
shuns publicity. The countenance of Dr.

McKelvy shows him to be a man of much
force of character and strong individual-
ity, of noble impulses and a warm heart.
His manner, dignified, courteous and
genial, attracts all who approach him and
he has no small share of personal mag-
netism. A man of cultivated tastes, he
has always given his influence to those
interests which promote culture along
lines of art and which work for the
Christianizing of the race and recognize
the common brotherhood of man. Of
quick perceptions and sound judgment,
and honorable in every relation of life,
he commands the respect and confidence
of the entire community and has sur-
rounded himself with a large circle of
sincere and loyal friends.

Dr. McKelvy married in December,
1894, Sarah, born at Bessemer, Pennsyl-
vania, daughter of Robert and Catherine
McKinney, and they are the parents of
one son : William M., born May 10,
1896.

Dr. McKelvy is a man of strong do-
mestic tastes and affections and delights
in the exercise of hospitality. The pro-
fessional career of Dr. McKelvy has thus
far been a noteworthy one, but the great-
er portion of it is yet to come. He is
now but in early middle life, having not
yet completed his forty-fourth year.
Moreover, he represents a type of man
with whom the age of accomplishment
is never passed. The future attainments
of such a man it is impossible to predict
with any degree of certainty, but the
record of Dr. McKelvy justifies a large
measure of anticipation for the years to
come.

416

McKELVY, John H.,

Financier, Public Official.

The cornerstone of Pittsburgh's pres-
tige was laid in the character of its first
workers, chief among whom were repre-
sentatives of that ever aggressive and

y/ Hii/c

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

dominant race, the Scotch-Irish. Notable
among the descendants of these pioneers
was the late John H. McKeIvy, president
of the Pennsylvania branch of the Na-
tional Lead and'Oil Company, and identi-
fied for a third of a century, with the
business, financial and political interests
of the "Iron City."

John H. McKelvy was born August 21,
1837, in Pittsburgh, and was a son of
Hugh and Jane (McCully) AIcKelvy, and
a descendant of Hugh McKelvy who, in
1796, emigrated from Ireland and settled
on a farm where the city of Pittsburgh
now stands. John H. McKelvy was edu-
cated in the public schools of his native
city, and at the age of sixteen entered the
service of his granduncle, William Mc-
Cully, a well known glass manufacturer.
He showed, from the first, marked ability
in the execution of every detail of the
business, and this, in combination with
his strict fidelity to duty, attracted the
notice of his superiors and caused him
to be rapidly advanced. In 1862 he be-
came a member of the firm, the business
being then carried on under the name of
William McCully & Company.

In 1874 Mr. McKelvy engaged in the
white lead business as one of the firm of
Armstrong & McKelvy, proving himself
to be a splendid specimen of the alert,
energetic, progressive business man, to
whom obstacles are an incentive to re-
newed endeavor rather than a bar to
progress. Under his capable manage-
ment, unfaltering self-reliance and far-
sighted sagacity the business prospered
in all its branches. Mr. McKelvy, though
kind-hearted to a fault, yet demanded
the strictest attention to duty from his
subordinates, who were enthusiastically
devoted to the promotion of his interests.
In 1890 his firm united with the National
Lead and Oil Company, which was then
organized, and he became president of
the Penns3dvania branch, serving also as
a member of the national board of di-

rectors. As a man of progressive en-
deavor and uncommon administrative
ability Mr. McKelvy was interested in a
number of other enterprises, serving as
president of the Chelsea China Company
and the Hidalgo Mining Company of
Mexico, as well as in other prominent po-
sitions. He held the offices of president
of the Liberty National Bank and vice-
president of the First National Bank of
Pittsburgh, and in his discharge of these
responsible and exacting duties proved
that his ability as a financier was fully
equal to that which he possessed as a
business man.

In politics Mr. McKelvy was a Repub-
lican, and as a citizen gave loyal support
to all measures calculated to benefit
Pittsburgh. While averse to public life,
he consented to serve for some years as a
member of the Select Council, where his
presence was most valuable, no man pos-
sessing a more thorough knowledge of
the city's shortcomings and needs as well
as of its advantages and attractions.
Ever ready to respond to any deserving
call made upon him, the full number of
his benefactions will, in all probability,
never be known to the world, for he de-
lighted to give in such a manner that
few were aware of it, but all who knew
him can confidently assert that never did
he neglect an opportunity to assist one
less fortunate than himself.

Of most pleasing address and modest
bearing, with a countenance which gave
the strongest proof of his commanding
intellect and capacious heart, Mr. Mc-
Kelvy was a man who, by his splendid
personal qualifications, endeared him-
self to all who came into close relations
with him. His good judgment and fine
poise made him a valued adviser, and,
possessing as he did, the very highest
sense of honor, integrity was stamped
upon all his dealings. It might be said
with almost literal truth that the number
of his friends was legion.

417

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Mr. McKelvy married, June 15, 1865,
Jane Hays, daughter of John Hays and
Christiana (Lattimore) Ralston, of Pitts-
burgh, and they became the parents of the
following children : Christine Lattimore,
married Jesse T. Lazear, of Pittsburgh;
John Ralston, who died 1897; William
E., married Elizabeth Graham, daughter
of James Graham, of Memphis, Tennes-
see; James King; Jean McCuUy; and
Charles Hays. Mrs. McKelvy, a woman
of rare wifely qualities, and admirably
fitted by her excellent practical mind to
be a helpmate to her husband in his as-
pirations and ambitions, was the sun-
shine of his home and the object, together
with their children, of his life-long devo-
tion.

The death of Mr. McKelvy, which oc-
curred May 13, 1896, was a direct blow
to Pittsburgh, depriving her of a strong
and capable man of affairs, true to every
trust, and over the record of whose pub-
lic and private life there falls no shadow
of wrong nor suspicion of evil. There
is no eulogy which carries with it more
honorable significance than that pro-
nounced upon the able, high-minded busi-
ness man, the astute, conservative finan-
cier and the loyal, public-spirited citizen.
To each of these titles John H. McKelvy
possessed an undisputed claim, and by
none were they worn more worthily.

GRIM, Henry Augustus, M.D.,

Physician, Military Surgeon.

The Nestor of the medical profession
in Eastern Pennsylvania is Dr. Henry
Augustus Grim, now living in retirement
at Allentown, where for more than half
a century, he devoted himself to the earn-
est and enlightened practice of his pro-
fession. During this long period Dr.
Grim was closely and prominently identi-
fied with all the best interests of Allen-
town, and is now one of her most hon-
ored citizens.

Sem Grim, father of Henry August
Grim, was a native of Lehigh county, the
immigrant ancestor of this family having
come to the United States in 1728, set-
tling in Pennsylvania, where he engaged
in business and also in agricultural pur-
suits. Sem Grim married Anna Eva
Kline, of Lehigh county, and the follow-
ing children were born to them : Henry
Augustus, of whom this sketch treats;
Isabella, married Alfred J. Hermon ;
Louise ; Catharine, widow of Professor
Davis Garber; Oscar Samuel.

Henry Augustus Grim, son of Sem and
Anna Eva (Kline) Grim, was born June
27, 1831, in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania,
and received his preparatory education in
private schools of his native county, sub-
sequently entering Gettysburg (Penn-
sylvania) College. After graduating
from that institution he matriculated in
the Medical Department of the Univers-
ity of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1855,
with the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
The same year he began practice in Al-
lentown, where his knowledge, skill and
energy soon earned for him merited suc-
cess and an assured reputation, both with
his professional associates and with the
public at large.

In September, 1862, Dr. Grim enlisted
in the Union army, serving as assistant
surgeon with the rank of lieutenant, and
was afterwards promoted to the rank of
major. Later he was transferred to the
Pennsylvania Regiment, with which he
served until the close of the war. At the
close of the war he went out with the
Sixth Union League Regiment (198th
Pennsylvania Regiment), constituting
fourteen companies. His period of mili-
tary service being ended. Dr. Grim re-
turned to Allentown and resumed the
practice of his profession, which he con-
tinued without interruption until 1910,
when he retired, "full of years and of
honors," having made for himself an en-
during place in the respect and affection

418

)&ffl^c^i^^i^-^^-^-^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of his fellow citizens. Few men are so
profoundly honored and deeply loved as
is the able and devoted physician.

As a public-spirited citizen Dr. Grim
has been actively interested in all
projects for the progress and wel-
fare of Allentown, serving on the
board of health and on the school board.
His influence has always been exerted in
behalf of those movements calculated to
further the moral and social interests of
the community, and he has ever aided, to
the utmost of his power, all works of
religion and charity. Dr. Grim belongs
to the American Academy of Medicine,
and was formerly a member of the Le-
high County Medical Society. He was
for a long period a director in the First
National Bank of Allentown, and a trus-
tee of Muhlenberg College. Politically he
is a Republican. For many years he has
held the office of deacon in St. John's
Lutheran Church.

Dr. Grim married in September, 1885,
Miria, daughter of Nathan Metzger, a
well known merchant of Allentown. Mrs.
Grim died July 13, 1889, leaving no chil-
dren. Dr. Grim now resides with his
brother and sister. Alike in peace and
war Dr. Grim has served well his coun-
try and the larger cause of humanity, and
both as patriot and physician has earned
the gratitude and blessings of his fellow-
men.

CHURCH, Samuel Harden,

Railway Official, Author.

Pittsburgh, supreme in manufactures,
is also famous in literature. Her realm
is that of thought, no less than of action
— a fact which is most strikingly exem-
plified in the career of Samuel Harden
Church, a man who has achieved dis-
tinction in both fields. Mr. Church is
assistant secretary of the Pennsylvania
lines west of Pittsburgh, vice-president
of the Union Steel Casting Company,

419

Secretary of the Carnegie Institute, and
author of a life of Oliver Cromwell,
which places him, as an American his-
torical writer, in the same rank with
Irving, Prescott and Motley.

Dr. William Church, great-grandfa-
ther of Samuel Harden Church, and
son of Sir William Church, the head
of the family, was a descendant of Scot-
tish ancestors who settled in Coleraine,
Ireland, in the seventeenth century. In
1798, Dr. Church left the adopted home
of his forebears by reason of the troubles
of that period, and came to the United
States, settling, first, in Lancaster coun-
ty, Pennsylvania. In 1822 he removed
to Pittsburgh, where he practiced medi-
cine during the remainder of his life.
His descendants have resided for nearly
a hundred years in the "Iron City."

Samuel, son of Dr. William Church,
was born February 5, 1800, and was a
successful manufacturer, one of the pro-
prietors of the Kensington Iron Works,
which now exists under another name.
He also preached for seventeen years for
the First Christian Church of Allegheny
City, accepting no salary for his work,
and bestowing both the lot and the prin-
cipal cost of the building upon the con-
gregation. He married Mary Hannen,
whose family, of Dutch extraction, had
been for one hundred years resident in
Pennsylvania. Mr. Church died Decem-
ber 7, 1857. He and his wife were the
parents of twelve children.

William, son of Samuel and Mary
(Hannen) Church, was born April 25,
1826, and was a pioneer farmer in Mis-
souri, and, later, a man of business in
Pittsburgh. He married January i,
1849, Emily, born September 24, 1825,
daughter of Walter Scott, who was bom
October 31, 1798, in Moflfat, Dunfries-
shire, Scotland, and was a remote kins-
man of "Sir Walter." This Walter
Scott, after graduating from the Univer-
sity of Edinburgh, emigrated, in 1819, to

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the United States, settling in Pittsburgh
in 1826, where, for a time, he was en-
gaged in teaching, afterwards entering
the ministry, and becoming eventually
the chief and eloquent associate of Alex-
ander Campbell in the organization of
the Christian (or Disciples) Church.

William Church and his young wife
continued to live in Pittsburgh until, im-
pelled by a desire to establish a home in
the west, they decided in the summer of
1857 to take their little family of three
children to Caldwell county, Missouri,
three miles from the present town of
Hamilton, and there to establish a dwell-
ing place on the unbroken prairie. The
hardship, suffering and danger involved
in this daring enterprise can hardly be
exaggerated. The part of Missouri in
which they took up their abode was very
sparsely settled, and every necessity of
life was in the crudest form. On arriv-
ing at their new home in the wilderness
they, with the help of some neighbors,
built a log cabin from timber hewn on
the premises — a dwelling which, like all
others of that region, consisted of but
one room. There was no money in that
part of the country, and the few neces-
saries which could be obtained were pur-
chased on the basis of exchange for other
commodities. The prairie home was un-
protected by fences, and had but a
meagre outfit of live stock. No food
could be regularly obtained, with the
exception of bacon, a few potatoes, and
cornbread made by grating the corn di-
rect from the ear. On rare occasions a
sack of flour and a few luxuries, such as
tea, coffee and sugar, were brought from
a town fifty miles distant. Mr. Church
attempted to improve the quality of their
civilization by establishing a sawmill on
Maribone creek, an enterprise which was
regarded with great favor by the neigh-
borhood, sawed lumber being at that
time unknown on the prairie, and no
house boasting the luxury of a wooden

floor. After a few weeks' trial, how-
ever, the engine broke down, and there
was no skilled labor available to keep it
going. Finally, the spring rains over-
whelmed the little lumber mill, which,
together with the engine, was swept
away in the rushing waters.

In this humble home, and amidst these
primitive surroundings, Samuel Harden
Church was born, January 24, 1858.

The slavery controversy had at this
time assumed in Missouri a condition of
great bitterness, and bushwackers took
advantage of the state of affairs to com-
mit robbery and murder, carrying their
hatred of the anti-slavery principles
which were held by northern people like
the Church family to such an extreme
that persons were sometimes hanged for
their opinions at their own roadsides.
This violence, which was a harbinger of
the Civil War, when taken with all the
other hardships of the situation, discour-
aged many families, formerly accus-
tomed to the comforts and refinements
of a better life, from enduring any longer
the miseries of the wilderness. Accord-
ingly, in the spring of 1859, ^^- ^"^
Mrs. Church, with their family, now four
children, entered their wagon, and as
there was no possibility of selling their
effects, they abandoned everything, in-
cluding house, furniture, live stock and
land, and set out across the country for
Lexington, Missouri, completing their
journey by boat, down the Missouri
river to St. Louis, and up the Ohio to
Pittsburgh, profoundly thankful to ar-
rive an unbroken family at their old
home. Mr. Church became associated
with the Pittsburgh and Oakland Street
Railway Company, serving as its secretary
and treasurer throughout the brief re-
mainder of his short life. He died
March 11, 1863, having not yet com-
pleted his thirty-seventh year, and leav-
ing the following children: Walter; Em-

420

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ily; Mary; Samuel Harden, mentioned
below; and Sarah.

Samuel Harden, son of William and
Emily (Scott) Church, was born Janu-
ary 24, 1858, at Hamilton, Caldwell
county, Missouri, in the one-room log
cabin which was then the abode of the
family. The death of his father left the
mother and children in straitened cir-
cumstances, and Samuel Harden Church
was obliged, when he was but eleven
years old, to leave school, in order that
his earnings might add to the scanty in-
come. Accordingly, in 1869, he became
a messenger boy for the Western Union
Telegraph Company, and after that a
cash boy in the store of Joseph Home
Company. After a year at work he was
able to resume his studies, until his four-
teenth year, at the preparatory school of
Bethany, West Virginia, and there for
two years profited by the companionship
of President Pendleton, of Bethany Col-
lege, in whose home he was a visitor,
and to whom he owes much for encour-
aging the passion for study which he
there developed. After leaving Bethany
he continued to be an ardent student of
history and literature, and in time began
to write for publication. While at Beth-
any he read with hearty appreciation the
novels of Scott, Thackeray and Dickens,
besides many general masterpieces, and
soon after returning to Pittsburgh be-
gan a regular course of night study,
which lasted through several years, and,
besides the elementary branches, in-
cluded Latin and the reading of all the
works of Shakespeare. At fifteen, after
a few weeks in the telegraph service, his
uncle, John P. Scott, of the firm of
James B. Lyon & Company, manufac-
turers of glassware, took him into their
office as clerk, a position which he held
for about three years. It was before the
invention of the telephone, and young
Church was given charge of the Morse
telegraph instrument connecting the

store with the factory, becoming a skill-
ful operator. His summer vacation in
1874 was spent on the farm of an uncle,
Samuel Scott, in Missouri, a man from
whom the youth received further stimulus
in his passion for literature, his reading
at that time comprising Addison, Samuel
Johnson and Macaulay, and a large por-
tion of the ancient classics. During the
next few years his love for the theatre
prompted him to continue his study of
Shakespeare, and he memorized com-
pletely the following plays : "Othello,"
"Hamlet," "Macbeth," "Romeo and
Juliet," "Richard III," "As You Like It,"
and "Julius Caesar." The Rev. Dr. Ben-
jamin Tyler, of New York, in speaking
of his studies in another field, said: "I
have never met a man, in or out of the
pulpit, who knows the Bible so intimately
in all its parts."

But the time had come for him to en-
ter upon the wider field of activity in
which he was destined to gain distinc-
tion. On August I, 1875, he first asso-
ciated himself with the Pennsylvania
Company as clerk in the Law Depart-
ment of the Pennsylvania Lines West of
Pittsburgh, a position which he retained
for four years. During this time he mas-
tered the art of shorthand, and pursued a
general course of reading in the stand-
ard works of the law, including Black-
stone's Commentaries, Greenleaf on Evi-
dence, and Saint Germain's "Doctor and
Student." While this experience greatly
attracted him to the law as a profession,
he allowed himself to be promoted at a
higher salary to the position of stenog-
rapher in the office of the general super-
intendent, and soon after was made chief
clerk to the general manager. He re-
mained in the service of the railroad
company, residing alternately in Pitts-
burgh and Columbus, until, in 1884, he
became Superintendent of Transporta-
tion, in Columbus, and later, Assistant
Secretary, in Pittsburgh, where he has

421

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

since resided, a most valued and re-
spected citizen. Each succeeding year
has made more evident his remarkable
business talents and untiring energy.
Gentle and courteous, yet firm, courage-
ous and honest, he is particularly fitted
for the conduct of affairs requiring
executive and administrative ability. As
a part of his official task in the railroad
office, he has compiled a documentary
history of the Pennsylvania Lines,
which the railroad company published in
fifteen volumes, at a cost of thirty thou-
sand dollars, and which is regarded as
an invaluable work of reference by the
officials, for whose confidential use it
was prepared. After exhaustive study of
the various police systems of the world,
he also devised the organization and
rules of the police department as it exists
on the Pennsylvania Lines to-day, his
fundamental theory being, that a police
system is intended to prevent crime
rather than to punish it. He is also
Vice-President of the Union Steel Cast-
ing Company, of Pittsburgh, and has for
years been one of the chief guiding forces
of that very successful corporation.

During the period of his residence in
Columbus, events occurred which showed
him to be possessed of the qualities
which insure distinction in military serv-
ice no less than of those which go to the
making of a successful civilian. He was
appointed aide-de-camp on the military
staff of Governor Hoadly, with the rank
of colonel — a purely personal distinction,
inasmuch as the Governor was a Demo-
crat and Mr. Church a Republican. Dur-
ing one eventful night of 1884, Colonel
Church displayed great skill and bravery
in handling some three thousand troops
sent to Cincinnati for the suppression of
the riots then occurring in that city.
When he reached the scene of the dis-
order the rioters were in possession of
the courthouse and had set it on fire, and
they directed a furious discharge from

pistols and guns on the advancing sol-
diers. When one of Colonel Church's
men had been killed and five wounded,
the troops fired, with fatal effect, and re-
captured the burning courthouse, which
was, however, totally destroyed, together
with all the priceless records it con-
tained. Then, leading two companies in
a bayonet charge. Colonel Church recov-
ered a cannon and some ammunition
which had been stolen from the local ar-
mory. With the troops at his command,
he soon stopped the aggressions of the
mob, and on his return home was pre-
sented by the governor and the other
members of the staff with a sword of
honor, in recognition of the courage and
wisdom which he had displayed in a sit-
uation calculated to test to the utmost
his possession of both these qualities.

Mr. Church's name has frequently been
proposed for political honors, and ap-
pointments to distinguished positions
have been urged upon him, but he has
steadfastly declined to accept office. In
1899 tlis "Philadelphia Press" proposed
his name for United States Senator from
Pennsylvania. The suggestion was in-
stantly taken up with great favor both
in and out of the State. The editor of
"Harper's Weekly" telegraphed to him :
"I hope you will win the Senatorship.
Men like you are needed there." Cush-
man K. Davis, the brilliant and able
Senator from Minnesota, who was one of
Mr. Church's most intimate friends, sent
him this significant message, which was
afterwards published in the "Century
Magazine" : "Nothing could give me
greater pleasure than to welcome you
here as one of the patres conscripti. They
say that one of the latest accessions is
worth seventy-five millions. We need
to offset him a man who is worth more
than that in a better currency. What
times you and I would have!" Many
newspapers endorsed the proposal, but
against the well-organized candidacy of

422

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Mr. Quay, the suggestion of any other
name was hopeless, and Mr. Quay was
elected.

Sagacious business man though he is,
his ruling passion has ever been for lit-
erature, and he has deeply explored the
whole field of English letters. He early
entered upon a career of author-
ship, writing a few short stories and
dramatic sketches, which appeared in
the newspapers and magazines, and
contributed a sketch of his grandfather
Walter Scott, to Appleton's Cyclopaedia
of American Biography. In a season of
industrial strikes he published in the
"Century Magazine" for October, 1886,
"A Plan for Harmony," containing a
practical suggestion for responsible con-
tracts between employers and employees.
In his lecture entitled, "Early English
Books and Heroes," he has given an elo-
quent and powerful analysis of the mind
of the Dark Ages. It was after writing
his "Century" article that he dropped
all other literary work and began to
study the life and character of the fa-
mous Englishman with whose name his
own was destined to be inseparably
linked. Before undertaking this task he
gathered a library which is almost, if
not quite, complete in its collection of
books relating to the Cromwell epoch — a
collection which cannot be duplicated in
the United States, and which Edward
Everett Hale said would always be the
envy of scholars.

In June, 1894, after six years of in-
tense application, Mr. Church established
his reputation as one of the first of Amer-
ican historians by publishing his noted
work, "Oliver Cromwell: A History,"
which was at once recognized as an au-
thoritative and final biography, and a no-
ble and enduring contribution to English
literature. The "Spectator," reviewing
it, said : "It is one of the safest and one
of the most reasonable views of the great
protector ever put forward, and we know

of no study of Cromwell's work and per-
sonality which we can more heartily rec-
ommend to those who want to see
Cromwell as he really was." The
"Spectator" further said : "It is not dis-
paraging any other fame to say that
Church's 'Life of Cromwell' is the great-
est book ever written by an American
author." The "Horse Guards Gazette"
said : "He has neglected no means by
which to arrive at the most complete and
accurate account of the various conflicts
of the prolonged parliamentary war.
This work gives the best description of
the leading battles of the civil war
that has ever been furnished. We pre-
dict that it will hold the field as the best
complete life of the great Protector ever
published." The work was also re-
viewed with critical appreciation by the
"Pall Mall Gazette," and the "London
Sun," the full-page article in the latter
paper being written by T. P. O'Connor,
the Irish member of Parliament. Ap-
preciations of the book were written by
Lord Wolseley, Conan Doyle, Lord Sal-
isbury, Lord Rosebery, Lord Kitchener,
James Bryce, Sir William Vernon Har-
court, Joseph Chamberlain, Stanley Wey-
man, and many other distinguished Eng-
lishmen.

In 1895 Mr. Church visited England
and was received as an honored guest.
Immediately prior to his arrival the crit-
ics had quoted the following paragraph
from his last chapter: "He (Cromwell)
has no monument in England ; and he
can have none with the sanction of the
government, because a monument to
Cromwell would be an acknowledgment
of successful rebellion." Mr. Herbert
Gladstone, then a member of the Eng-
lish Cabinet, wrote to him, informing
him that there was a very fine monu-
ment to Cromwell in Manchester. The
author replied that he was familiar with
that work, but reminded Mr. Gladstone
that it had been erected by one woman

423

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

as an expression of individual admira-
tion of the great Protector, and did not
therefore come within the scope of his
animadversion. Sir William Vernon
Harcourt, Chancellor of the Exchequer,
then wrote an appreciative letter to him,
advising him that Mr. Herbert Glad-
stone, by his wish and at his request, had
introduced a bill in Parliament to place
a statue of Cromwell among those of
England's monarchs in Westminster
Hall. The book appeared on June i,
1894, and the bill for the statue was in-
troduced on August 7 of the same year.
Mr. Church replied to Sir William that,
immediately on the erection of the
statue, he would gladly omit the passage
in question from a later edition of his
book. The bill passed the first reading
by a narrow majority, but on the second
reading the Parnell wing of the Irish
representation refused to vote for a statue
to the man who had authorized the ex-
treme measures which had been taken
with the Irish at Drogheda and Wexford.
Mr. John Morley, the Secretary for Ire-
land, withdrew the bill, declaring Crom-
well's campaign in Ireland "a blunder
and a crime." The Liberal party ap-
pealed to the country and in the ensuing
election was defeated. The whole epi-
sode displayed in a striking manner the
concurrence of a large section of the
English people, especially those of non-
conformist S3'mpathies, in the views and
sentiments expressed in Mr. Church's
epoch-making book.

But the end was not yet. In 1899, on
the three hundredth anniversary of the
Protector's birth, the discussion started
by Mr. Church's book culminated in the
erection of a statue of Cromwell in the
Parliament building. Before the year
was over a second statue of the great
Protector was erected in the palace yard
at Westminster, and popular celebrations
were held throughout England. Largely
through the zeal of his American biog-

rapher, the Protector had at last obtained
from the English nation that homage
which, as one of her greatest sovereigns,
he so richly deserved.

During his stay in England Mr.
Church visited Cromwell's birthplace at
Huntingdon, and followed him in the
course of his battles, not only in Eng-
land, but also in Scotland and Ireland.
In Scotland, while the guest of Mr. An-
drew Carnegie at Cluny Castle (the Car-
negie residence before Skibo was built)
he spent a week in the company of Mr.
John Morley, with whom he had many
conversations on Cromwell, especially in
regard to "the blunder and the crime."
In one of these controversies the Ameri-
can author asserted that Cromwell had
acted at Drogheda and Wexford strictly
in accordance with the laws of war as
they stood up to the time of Wellington.
On Mr. Morley's challenging him to
prove it, Mr. Church took down Gar-
diner's third volume of the Civil Wars,
and turned to a footnote concerning
Wellington's campaigns in Spain, in
which the evidence was complete. Mr.
Morley admitted that the point was
strong enough to reverse the popular
prejudice against Cromwell.

While in England he was entertained
with distinguished favor by the leaders
of political, literary and social circles of
the United Kingdom, and was elected to
honorary membership in the National
Liberal Club. He was also the guest of
his friend, Henry Phipps, at Knebworth
House, and of Thomas F. Bayard, the
American Ambassador. The "London
Chronicle," which, upon the defeat of the
statue bill, had urged the nation to build
a Cromwell monument, interviewed him
at length, and other papers spoke of his
visit with much interest. In his own
country appreciation of his literary
achievement was shown by the honorary
degrees given to him by several colleges,
including Master of Arts, by Yale; Doc-

424

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

tor of Letters, by Western Pennsylvania ;
and Doctor of Laws, by the University
of Pittsburgh. He was also elected to
membership in the Authors' Club, of
New York. He has made other frequent
trips abroad.

Mr. Church published in 1897 "John
Marmaduke: A Romance of the English
Invasion of Ireland in 1649." The first
edition was sold before publication, and
in the two years following its appearance
the work ran through nine editions, and
has been most favorably reviewed. His
next important work was "Beowulf," an
epic poem in heroic style, published in
1901. In 1903 his second important
novel, "Penruddock of the White
Lambs," appeared, and in 1908 he pub-
lished "A Short History of Pittsburgh."
Always a lover of the theatre, he wrote
"The Brayton Episode," a play which
was produced in New York and Pitts-
burgh in 1903, and has recently com-
pleted a much more important drama
entitled "The Two Mrs. Lorings." Val-
uable articles from his pen have ap-
peared from time to time in the leading
magazines, notably in the "Century" and
"Atlantic Monthly."

On very many occasions he has been
called to address audiences, and has
chosen for his themes Washington, Lin-
coln, Franklin, Cromwell, and similar
great leaders of the world's cause. He
has long pleaded for social justice for the
Jews, urging their admission into select
schools and clubs on the basis of char-
acter rather than religion ; and one of his
most popular addresses dealt with the
crucifixion of Jesus, in which he boldly
advanced the argument that the Jews, as
a nation, were in no way responsible for
that supreme tragedy. His most noted
speech was delivered in Carnegie Music
Hall before the convention of his own
church people, at the one hundredth an-
niversary of the organization of the
Christian Church, held at Pittsburgh in

October, 1909, when he pleaded with his
fellow members of the church through-
out the world to cease to require immer-
sion as a basis of union with other Chris-
tians. This speech created great excite-
ment in the audience, and was both ap-
plauded and hissed, according to the
varying opinions of those who heard it,
the tumult increasing at times until the
chairman was obliged to urge upon the
audience the necessity of a fair hearing.
While his proposal in this speech was at
first but little tolerated, appreciation of
his plea has grown until it is said that
many thousands of the members of the
church throughout the country have be-
gun to advocate its adoption.

As a political leader, he has a brilliant
record. He is identified with the Re-
publican party, and has spoken at the re-
quest of the Republican National Com-
mittee in all the great campaigns of the
past twelve years. During the presiden-
tial campaign of 1896, when the sound
money issue was paramount, he tem-
porarily laid aside the literary labors so
congenial to him in order that he might
become one of the speakers of the Re-
publican party. His addresses were re-
garded as complete expositions of the
questions then before the nation for de-
cision. When a great body of railroad
employes visited Mr. (afterward Presi-
dent) McKinley, at Canton, Mr. Church
made the speech, which Mr. McKinley
gave to the press for publication, and to
which, in his reply, he paid this tribute:
"Your spokesman, Colonel Church, has
made an excellent and able argument
against the free coinage of silver as it
aflfects your business ; and I need not at-
tempt to enlarge upon it. Free silver
would prove equally, aye, probably more
disastrous, than free trade has proven to
the people of the United States." ]Mr.
Church also took an active part in the
campaigns of 1900 and 1904, and in the
latter year served as a delegate to the

425

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Republican National Convention, casting
his vote for the nomination of Theodore
Roosevelt. As a Republican, he has an-
nounced very bold views in favor of tar-
iff reduction, and was thanked by Presi-
dent Taft for his declarations in favor of
Reciprocity with Canada. As a lecturer,
a political orator, or an after-dinner
speaker, he is alike admirable, the charm
of his skilled oratory and elegant diction
being sustained throughout by a brilliant ^n^e, he combines the alert,

bearing of the man of affairs with the

finger ends. But beyond these things I find two
dominant qualities that give him an overpowering
personality — his courage and his tenderness. That
may be an odd combination in a strong man, but
those traits united to great talents have made
Colonel Church one of the master spirits of his
time.

The personal qualities of Mr. Church
are such as win and hold friends. Ever
genial and courteous, he is a most de-
lightful conversationalist. In appear-
the alert, resolute

and versatile fancy, great powers of wit,
irony and sarcasm, and all the resources
of a carefully cultivated mind brought
into service by a wonderful memory.

Soon after his return from England
Mr. Andrew Carnegie dedicated the great
institution at Pittsburgh, comprising at
that time a library, art gallery, museum
and music hall, and later the technical
schools; and selected Mr. Church as one
of the trustees for life — an unsurpassable
tribute to the latter's rare administrative
ability and unquestioned integrity. On
the organization of the board Mr.
Church was elected secretary, and has
since taken a prominent and most useful
part in the administration of the great
fund, which now exceeds twenty-five mil-
lion dollars. Such has been his enthu-
siastic activity in developing the work of
the Institute and in interpreting its pur-
pose to the cominunity, that he has been
affectionately dubbed by Mr. Carnegie
"the all-pervading secretary." When
the trustees voted him a salary he de-
clined to accept it, and Mr. Carnegie pub-
licly thanked him for "contributing in-
valuable service, without money and
without reward, animated solely by the
patriotic desire to labor for the good of
the city of his home." The "World's
Work," in a character-portrait, said of
him :

He is a very practical man in the large affairs
of business, familiar with the art ideals of the
world, firmly placed in the very front rank of
living authors, a wise counsellor in the field of
higher politics, and eloquent of speech to his

keen, incisive, yet meditative face of the
scholar and thinker, while his deep-set
blue eyes indicate the poetic tempera-
ment. He is a member of the Duquesne,
Allegheny Country, Pittsburgh Country,
Pittsburgh Golf, University, Athletic,
Junta, and Americus Republican clubs,
of Pittsburgh, and the Authors' Club, of
New York, and an honorary member of
the National Liberal Club, of London.

Mr. Church married (first) November
24, 1884, Margaret Joyce, of Columbus,
Ohio, and three children were born of
this union: Mrs. Ruth (Church) Shel-
don, of Columbus, Ohio; Mrs. Elizabeth
(Church) Merrill; and Samuel Harden
Church Jr., residing in New York City.
He married (second) March 15, 1898,
Bertha Jean, daughter of James Mc-
Henry Reinhart, of Pittsburgh, and they
are the parents of two children : Regin-
ald Reinhart Church and Katharine
Church. By this marriage the author
gained the life companionship of a
charming and congenial woman, thor-
oughly domestic and home-loving and
withal a most gracious and popular host-
ess. A thoughtful, clever woman of cul-
ture and character, Mrs. Church takes
life with a gentle seriousness that en-
dears her to those about her.

The ancestors of Colonel Church came
of the race which produced Wallace and
Bruce, and possessing, as their records
show, the salient characteristics of that
dominant and valiant people, they trans-

426

CXi^^^'^^^^^C.^^^t^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

mitted to him a rare heritage of vigor daughter of an English merchant there.

and ability. His work, in all its wonder-
ful complexity, is evidence of this. As
citizen, railway official and man of let-
ters, he has accomplished much. He has
greatly increased the prosperity, the
power, and the prestige — political, finan-
cial and literary — of his city and his
State ; and his reputation as a representa-
tive American and a man of letters ex-
tends far beyond the confines of the Eng-
lish-speaking world.

ALLEN, Perry S.,

Clergyman, Hamanltarian.

Perry S. Allen was born in Western
Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, July 4,
1854. His father was Richard Boyd Al-
len, born October 22, 1801, died January
13, 1874. His mother was Mary Van
Derlund Stoops, born December 14, 1812,
died September 2, 1877 His grand-
father was John Allen, born January 23,
1757, died March 25, 1845. His grand-
mother was Martha Van Dyke, wife of
John Allen, born July 7, 1773, died Sep-
tember 23, 1839. His great-grandfather
was Samuel Allen, born March 7, 1700,
died May 20, 1779. His great-grand-
mother was Agnes Boyd, wife of Samuel
Allen, and daughter of an English clergy-
man, born May 21, 1720, died November
6, 1799.

Allen is an ancient Briton name, and,
so far as known, the ancestors of the
subject of this sketch were English,
among whom were many prominent men
distinguished in the learned professions
and in business, and one of whom, Wil-
liam Allen, was Lord Mayor of London
in the sixteenth century.

The first of his family to immigrate to
this country was Samuel Allen, born and
reared in London, although he came di-
rectly to this country from Newry, Ire-
land. This was because his father, John
Allen, had married his wife in Newry, the

who bought goods of him in London, and
Samuel on a visit to his mother's father
in Newry entered into business with him
and continued until he came to America.
He first came to the store of his uncle,
William Allen, in Philadelphia, but soon
went up the State on the Lehigh and
Susquehanna rivers to take charge of
large interests for his uncle, consisting of
lands, coal, iron, etc. William Allen was
a man of large wealth, reputed the rich-
est man in Pennsylvania at his death.
His summer home was on the Lehigh
river, at Allentown, named for him He
was the father of William Allen, who was
prominent in the colonial period of Penn-
sylvania, serving as recorder of Philadel-
phia, associated with Benjamin Franklin
in founding the University of Pennsyl-
vania, one of the founders and first gov-
ernors of the Philadelphia Assembly, also
one of the charter members of the Pres-
byterian Ministers' Fund, who also
served as Justice of the Supreme Court
of Pennsylvania from 1750 to 1774, when
he resigned on account of his sympathies
with the Mother Country and returned
to England, where he died.

Samuel Allen, his great-grandfather,
and cousin of Justice William Allen, was
a commissioned officer in the Colonial
Wars, serving as lieutenant in charge of
Fort Augusta in the years 1756, 1757,
1758. A deed dated November 26, 1774,
from "Ruth McCroskey to Samuel Allen,
Gent., of Northumberland County," at
the time when William Allen resigned
from the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
and returned to England, not only marks
the date of the separation of Samuel
Allen from his uncle's and cousins' busi-
ness interests, but is also the first record
in the establishment by this and addi-
tional purchases, of large landed interests
which he developed as a country place in
Northumberland county, and which he
named "Newry," after the town in Ire-

427

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

land from which he came directly to Allen, deceased ; Agnes Oliver Allen, and

America. To quote from family records,
"Samuel Allen was a prosperous man,
and died possessed of much land." This
estate was left to Agnes Boyd Allen, his
widow, during her lifetime, to be divided,
with other interests, equally at her death
among his three sons, Joseph, John and
Robert.

John Allen, son of Samuel, and grand-
father of Perry S. Allen, was a soldier in
the Revolutionary War and a commis-
sioned officer in same, who removed to
Western Pennsylvania near Pittsburgh
in the early part of the year 1800, where
he lived until his death.

Richard Boyd Allen, John Allen and
Samuel Allen were all elders in the Pres-
byterian church, as were Justice William
Allen and his father. They were also in-
terested in matters of education and were
themselves educated men, Samuel Allen
having organized a school of higher edu-
cation in Central Pennsylvania, and John
Allen and Richard Boyd Allen having
contributed liberal support to the schools
of higher education in Western Pennsyl-
vania, particularly the Witherspoon In-
stitute and West Sunbury Academy. So
far as known, the members of this family
have been noted for their integrity of
character, their devotion to the principles
of good government and to the institu-
tions of the church.

Perry S. Allen has been twice married;
first, on November 8, 1877, to Mary Kin-
ter, of Indiana, Pennsylvania, daughter of
Senator F. M. Kinter and Martha
Thompson, and grand-daughter of Hon.
Joseph Thompson and Mary Morehead.
Also, on June 2, 1894, to Virginia Ger-
trude Oliver, of Rochester, New York,
daughter of Myron M. Oliver and Agnes
Beattie and grand-daughter of Robert
Oliver and Isabelle Oliver and of David
Beattie and Anne Forman. He has had
four children : Harry Foster Allen, in
business in New York ; Katherine Oliver

Mary Virginia Allen.

Perry S. Allen was educated in the
West Sunbury and Glade Run academies,
the University of Wooster, class 1874,
and the Western Theological Seminary,
Pittsburgh, class of 1877. He received
the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the
University of Omaha (Bellevue College)
in 1901. He began the active work of his
life as a clergyman, and to this holy call-
ing he was set apart by his parents be-
fore he was born. It was also his own
personal preference and from his earliest
recollection he had no other conception
of life than that of the ministry.

In his active ministry he was pastor of
the following churches : First Presbyter-
ian Church, Sharon, Pennsylvania, from
1877 to 1882; First Presbyterian Church,
Warren, Pennsylvania, 1882 to 1887;
First Presbyterian Church, Saratoga
Springs, New York, 1887 to 1892

In Warren he organized the Young
Men's Christian Association, and started
a fund for its building and other pur-
poses. In Saratoga Springs he organized
a fund for a hospital, which has con-
tinued to grow in usefulness and has been
of incalculable benefit to that community.
While in Saratoga, and on his invitation,
the General Assembly of the Presbyter-
ian Church, U. S. A., held its 103d annual
Session in his church. The churches
above named, during his pastorates, more
than doubled their membership, and their
contributions to benevolent and other
causes, thus ranking them among the
largest and most important in the denom-
ination. In each case his resignation as
pastor was unanimously opposed and
only reluctantly acquiesced in by his
urgent request. During his active minis-
try in the foregoing churches he was
called to a number of other churches — in
Boston, Yonkers, Altoona, Pittsburgh,
New York, and elsewhere, among which

428

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

were some of the largest and most in-
fluential in the country.

In 1894 he was called out of the ac-
tive ministry into the management of
the "Presbyterian Ministers' Fund for
Life Insurance" of Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania, the first life insurance com-
pany in America and the oldest in the
world, which was organized in the old
Presbytery of Philadelphia in the year
1717, and incorporated as a life insurance
company in the year 1759. It first in-
sured only Presbyterian clergymen. In
1852 it enlarged its field of operation to
include the clergy of all churches Pres-
byterially governed. Since 1908 it has
been insuring the clergymen of all the
Protestant churches. He was unani-
mously elected three times before he con-
sented to give up the work of the min-
istry to which his father and mother had
dedicated him and to which he believed
God had called him, and it was not until
the directors of the corporation asked him
to allow them to interpret the providence
of God for him, that he yielded to their
request. As the charter of the corpora-
tion is an old English charter, it was
managed under same without a presi-
dent ; and at first he was its secretary,
actuary and executive manager, perform-
ing all the functions of the chief execu-
tive without its name. But in 1908 the
constitution was changed and he was
elected actuary and the first president of
the corporation, in which capacity he has
been serving since. At the time of his
first election into the management of this
company, it vvas thought by many that
the selection of a clergyman for such
management was a grave mistake; the
results, however, have proven otherwise,
demonstrating that the quality of success
is fundamentally in the man, and that a
successful clergyman may become a suc-
cessful business man. In his administra-
tion of this important and sacred trust,
its greatest success has been realized. Its

insurance in force has increased over
600%, its income over 1000%, its assets
over 1200%, its surplus over 1800%.
During his business career he has had
opportunities of becoming identified with
some of the largest insurance companies,
on most flattering terms, all of which he
has declined because of his love of the
ministry and his devotion to their inter-
est and welfare, which he can best serve
as president of the Ministers' Fund.

During his public life in the ministry,
and since becoming the executive man-
ager of the Presbyterian Ministers' Fund,
he has written and published many ar-
ticles on religious and other themes of
general interest, many of which have been
reprinted and circulated extensively.

He is a Presbyterian, and a Republi-
can, a member of the Pennsylvania His-
torical Society, the Society of Political
and Social Science, National Geographi-
cal Society, Transatlantic Society, Pres-
bytery of Philadelphia, etc. He has
served as trustee and treasurer of several
educational and charitable organizations.
He has been invited to serve as director
of trust companies and other financial in-
stitutions, which invitations were de-
clined because he believed that to be
connected with such institutions might
involve him, as president of the Minis-
ters' Fund, in adverse criticism, and
might possibly be adverse to the best fi-
nancial interest of the one corporation to
which he is giving his life. He has
never belonged to a club, for the reason
that he has believed such organizations
adverse to the happiness of home and to
the best development of family life and
character.

His father, Richard Boyd Allen, al-
though a man of affairs, with important
and varied interests requiring attentive
oversight and careful judgment, was,
nevertheless, a man of extensive reading
and information, who accumulated a
large library and was familiar with its

429

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

contents. It consisted of books of his-
tory, philosophy, science, literature and
religion. He had a large number of the
old Puritan writers represented in his
library, such as Owen, Bates, Baxter,
Doddridge, Edwards, and many others,
and the subject of the present sketch be-
lieves that the reading of this kind of lit-
erature did much for him in preparing
him for the ministry and in making its
work a pleasure to him. However, the
two books that contributed most to his
education and to the development of his
standards of life and of literature, as he
believes, were the Bible and the diction-
ary. The study and mastery of the mor-
al principles of the Bible, and of the
words found in the dictionary, had an ef-
fect on his life of incomparable and last-
ing benefit. Another influence in his
early life of good and permanent effect
was found in the atmosphere of a beauti-
ful, refined, sweet Christian home, where
morning and evening worship was never
forgotten or omitted, where grace was al-
ways said at the table, and thanks re-
turned at the close of the meal. In his
judgment, nothing can take the place of
such a home life in keeping the memory
of our sainted dead precious to us and of
building into character that which will
remain a fixed and permanent asset of
the life that now is and of that which
is to come.

McCARGO, David,

Telegrapli and Ralliray Official.

From the dawn of history the Scotch-
man has been a power. He has founded
and overthrown churches and dynasties,
contended for political and religious free-
dom, and has laid down his life for his
country and his convictions. He has im-
pressed on the New World as on the
Old the stamp of his strong individuality,
and on no State of the Union has it been
more indelibly engraved than on Penn-

sylvania. To her citizens of Scottish
birth and ancestry Pittsburgh owes an
incalculable debt, and many members of
the hardy and valiant Caledonian race
have greatly increased the prosperity and
prestige of the "Iron City." Among
these famous business men whose com-
manding forms loom large through the
mists of years, none stood higher, or
played a more conspicuous part, than did
the late David McCargo, for many years
prominently identified with the develop-
ment of the leading interests of Pitts-
burgh.

David McCargo was born in the city of
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1835.
He was of Scotch ancestry on the patern-
al side, his father, Nathaniel McCargo,
having been born and bred in Wigton-
shire, Scotland, in the village of Kirk-
maiden. Nathaniel left his native land
in 1819 and came to Pittsburgh, where,
chiefly engaged in farming, he remained
until his death, at a ripe old age, in
1881. He was well known to the old-
time residents of the city as toll-keeper
of the Greensburg pike, in which capacity
he acted for many years. He married
Miss Isabella A. Sayle, who was born in
the town of Ramsey, Isle of Man. She
died in 1841, leaving six children: John,
who was for some years city comptroller
of Pittsburgh, deceased ; Robert, de-
ceased ; Charles, deceased ; Frank, de-
ceased ; David, see forward ; Isabella,
deceased.

David McCargo obtained his education
in the public schools of Pittsburgh and
in the University of Western Pennsyl-
vania (now Pittsburgh University). At
the age of fourteen years he entered the
service of the Atlantic & Ohio Telegraph
Company, and three years later became
an operator. In 1852 he accepted the
position of assistant operator with the
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & Louisville Tele-
graph Company, which had lines running
to those cities. In 1858 he was appointed

430

Sy &^S ^ *C*S»-ra- ^Srj MJT

6LKji'^^L^\^tl^f^^'d

£f^ j^*r»»M/v*v.i

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

superintendent of telegraph for the
Pennsylvania Railway Company by the
late Colonel Thomas A. Scott, then gen-
eral superintendent of the road, and had
his office at Altoona. Soon after the
breaking out of the war, while occupying
that position, Mr. McCargo, at the re-
quest of Colonel Scott, organized the first
corps of military telegraphers, taking
them from operators on the line of the
Pennsylvania railroad, and sent them to
Washington. He continued in Altoona
until 1864, when he was made assistant
superintendent of the Pittsburgh division
of that road, Andrew Carnegie being at
that time the superintendent. A short
time afterward he was chosen superin-
tendent of the Oil Creek and Allegheny
River railway; and in 1866 he became di-
vision superintendent of the Northern &
Horicon division of the Chicago, Mil-
waukee & St. Paul railroad, of which he
had charge for two years. In 1868 he ac-
cepted the superintendency of the Pacific
& Atlantic Telegraph Company, which he
managed until 1874. Then he resigned to
become vice-president of the Oil Creek &
Allegheny River railroad. In the follow-
ing year he was appointed receiver of the
Oil Creek & Allegheny River railroad,
and in the same year he accepted the po-
sition as general superintendent of the
Allegheny Valley railway, which he held
till his death.

A man of action rather than words, Mr.
McCargo demonstrated his public spirit
by actual achievements, which advanced
the prosperity and wealth of the com-
munity. He was noted for his clarity of
thought, great resourcefulness, large
knowledge of men, quickness of percep-
tion and accuracy of judgment, and was
often consulted in regard to public meas-
ures and improvements. No plan for the
betterment of Pittsburgh lacked his
hearty cooperation and no good work
done in the name of charity or religion
appealed to him in vain. A man of high

moral purpose and strongly marked so-
cial nature, he won friends easily and
held them long. He was a member and
trustee of Christ Methodist Episcopal
Church.

Mr. McCargo married, December 12,
i860, Ellen Simpson, daughter of Samuel
and Elizabeth (Verner) Morrison, of
Pittsburgh, and two children are living:
Elizabeth and Grant. The latter is a
prominent business man of Pittsburgh.
Mrs. McCargo is one of those rare wom-
en who combine with perfect womanli-
ness and domesticity an unerring judg-
ment, a union of qualities which were
of great value to her husband, to whom
she was not alone a charming companion
but also a confidant and adviser. Mrs.
McCargo and her daughter. Miss Eliza-
beth, are prominent in the social life of
Pittsburgh. Modest and retiring, Mr.
McCargo was a fascinating conversation-
alist and it was deemed a privilege to be
admitted to his company. No one who
had ever been his guest could fail to
appreciate his charm and aflfability. He
was a trustee of the Carnegie Library,
having been appointed to the board by
Andrew Carnegie.

The death of Mr. McCargo, which oc-
curred at Atlantic City, January 25, 1902,
was a loss well-nigh irreparable. Strong
in his convictions, quiet, firm and decisive
in negotiation, possessing a clear mind
and excellent memory, regular in his
habits and liberal in his charities, he rep-
resented a type of man who has helped
to make Pittsburgh one of the dominant
cities of the United States and the world
at large. It is impossible to estimate the
value of such a man to a community, at
least during his lifetime. While he is in
the midst of his activities we cannot
measure results by what he is accom-
plishing, or proportion them according to
the extent of his specific business. His
influence ramifies all through the com-
mercial and industrial sphere, extending

431

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

itself to the whole social economy.
Every man, from the toiling laborer to
the merchant prince, receives benefit from
him. Such a man leaves the world better
than he found it, and such a man was the
late David McCarsfo.

SEAMAN, Joseph S.,

Mannfacturer, Financier.

Pittsburgh, the city which seems like a
Rodin statue because it is the unformed
figure of achievement incarnate, is a
beacon of industrial progress. The rea-
son of this is not far to seek. It is found
in the fact that her chief citizens are
men who work with far-sighted sagacity,
who discern not only present accomplish-
ment, but also future results — men of the
type of Joseph S. Seaman, president of
Seaman-Sleeth Company, for a number
of years a power in the business circles
of Pittsburgh, and closely and promi-
nently identified with all her best inter-
ests. Mr. Seaman is a descendant of an
honored family of Germany, who have
been domiciled in this country for a num-
ber of generations.

Johan Ludwig Seaman, the progenitor
of this family in America, was a member
of the body-guard of Frederick the Great,
of Prussia. On account of his religious
convictions, which were not viewed with
favor in his native country, he sailed for
the New World, arriving at Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, October 25, 1748. In
"Rupp's Thirty Thousand Names," which
gives an account of the names and dates
of landing of the early immigrants, we
find it stated that "October 25, 1748,
there arrived in Philadelphia the ship
'Paliena and Margaret,' with John Govan
as captain, from Rotterdam, last from
Leith," and that among the passengers
were Henry Seeman and John Ludwig
Seeman. Later the name was spelled
Seaman, as it is at the present time. "It
is possible," says Rupp's, "that the sig-

nature in the ship's record was made by a
clerk and not correctly spelled." How-
ever, it evidently referred to one and the
same person, and that was the ancestor
mentioned above. He married after his
arrival in this country, and settled in
Berks county, Pennsylvania.

John Seaman, son of Johan Ludwig
Seaman, was with Washington at Valley
Forge.

John Seaman, son of John Seaman, was
born in Berks county, Pennsylvania, and
later removed to Harmony, in the same
State, with the society known as "Har-
monites." He married Katherine All-
wine, also of Berks county, and they had
three daughters and five sons.

Elias Seaman, third child of John and
Katherine (Allwine) Seaman, was born
in Berks county, Pennsylvania, in 181 1.
He was a young child when he came to
Harmony with his parents and there grew
to manhood. He was apprenticed to
learn the harness and saddlery trade and
followed this occupation throughout his
life. He married Margaret Charlotte
Goehring, born near Harmony, Butler
county, Pennsylvania, and they were the
parents of the following children : Wil-
liam Henry ; Elias Jefferson ; Joseph Sid-
ney, see forward; Edwin M., deceased;
Elias Francis.

Joseph Sidney Seaman, third son and
child of Elias and Margaret Charlotte
(Goehring) Seaman, was born April
14, 1839, in Harmony, Butler county,
Pennsylvania, where he received his edu-
cation. Upon the conclusion of his
studies he came to Pittsburgh and here
learned the trade of roll turner. He
commenced at the bottom of the ladder, a
position he did not long retain, as his
energy and application soon enabled him
to rise from the ranks and make his way
to the front. He held the position of
foreman for a time and then became
superintendent of the iron mills, continu-
ing in this office until 1864, when he be-

432

rrr^^

^/^'i^^^!^>t>C^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

came identified with the firm of BoUman
& Bagley, of which he was virtually the
organizer. The firm name underwent
various changes, being known successive-
ly as : Bagley, Young & Company, James
B. Young & Company, and later as Sea-
man, Sleeth & Black. It was incor-
porated and styled the Seaman-Sleeth
Company in 1895, Mr. Seaman being the
president and general manager and R. L.
Sleeth vice-president. These two gentle-
man are the sole proprietors of the prop-
erty.

It should be said, in enumerating the
causes of Mr. Seaman's success, that he
combines with an exceptional degree of
ability, personal qualities that insure him
the respect of all with whom he comes in
contact, especially that of his employees,
who have always shown a devotion to
his interests rarely accorded to the em-
ployer.

In addition to holding the office of
president of the above concern, Mr. Sea-
man is president of the Pennsylvania Na-
tional Bank and the Pennsylvania Sav-
ings Bank, and a director in the Superior
Steel Company, which he organized in
1891. He has been a member and an of-
ficer in the First Lutheran church for al-
most half a century. In all his enter-
prises Mr. Seaman has proved himself to
be a man born to his task, alert and
watchful, deciding quickly and grasping
situations almost intuitively. He pos-
sesses, also, the rare faculty of controlling
large bodies of men and of inspiring them
with his own enthusiasm. Men of this
type are what the business world needs,
and were they more numerous, we should
soon cease to hear of the conflict between
capital and labor. It is not, however,
only as the head of a great industry that
Mr. Seaman is of value to Pittsburgh, but
also as a public-spirited citizen of liberal
views, correct in judgment and disinter-
ested in policy. In politics he is a Re-
publican. Unostentatiously charitable,

no good work done in the name of phil-
anthropy or religion seeks his cooperation
in vain.

He married March 23, 1863, Hannah
Alice Slater, born in Pittsburgh, daugh-
ter of William and Ruth (Simons)
Slater, and they have had children :
Charles B. ; Alice Grace, wife of James
H. Hammond, of Carnegie, Pennsylvania;
Joseph Sidney, Jr. Mrs. Seaman is a
woman of much sweetness and beauty of
character, and has been to her husband an
ideal helpmate in his aspirations and
ambitions.

Mr. Seaman belongs to that group of
Pittsburgh business men to whom the
city owes, in large measure, her prosper-
ity of the last quarter of a century and
the commanding position which she holds
in the commerical and manufacturing
world at the present day. But Pitts-
burgh is indebted to her business men
for much more than present prosperity.
In the years to come the metropolis of
Pennsylvania will be, to a great degree,
what men of the type of Joseph S. Sea-
man have made her. In building up the
Pittsburgh of to-day they have laid the
foundations of the city of the future.

BASTIAN, Morris Clinton,

Treasurer, Arbogast & Bastian Co.

Morris Clinton Bastian, treasurer of the
Arbogast & Bastian Company, was born
June 21, 1859, a son of William Jonas
and Rebecca (Werner) Bastian. His
great-grandfather, Michael Bastian, was
a native of France, who came to this
country in company with two brothers,
one of whom went south and the other to
the northwest. William J. and Rebecca
Bastian were the parents of nine children,
of whom five are now living: i. Alfred,
who lives in Ohio ; has been twice mar-
ried. His first wife, Amanda Litzenberg-
er, bore him two children, Harvey and
Earnest; his second wife, Mary Sieber-

433

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ling, became the mother of two children,
Anna, and an infant who is deceased. 2.
Sarah, became the wife of George Knerr,
and their children are: Martha and Ed-
ward. 3. Frank, deceased ; married
Leanda Stevens, and their children were:
Sarah, Kate, William, Emma and Elda.
4. Marriah, deceased. 5. Charles J.,
married Catherine Housman, and their
children are : Hattie, Alvin and Edward.
6. Edwin, deceased. 7. Morris Clin-
ton. 8. Walter Eugene. 9. George, de-
ceased ; married Emma Fehr.

Morris C. Bastian's early education was
limited to attendance at the public
schools of his native neighborhood dur-
ing the winter months, the remainder of
the year being devoted to assisting with
the work on the home farm and working
in the ore beds. At the age of seventeen
he went to Millersville, where he was for
a year a student in the normal school.
After returning home he again aided his
father in the cultivation of the farm, and
was an inmate of the paternal home until
he was almost twenty-five years old. He
then established a general store in Allen-
town which he conducted with reasonable
success for two years. In 1887 he be-
came associated with Wilson Arbogast in
instituting the firm of Arbogast & Bas-
tian, and bore a full share in the labors
and responsibilities of bringing its busi-
ness to its present high prestige. At the
incorporation of the Arbogast & Bastian
Company, in 1902, he was called to the
position which he now occupies, that of
treasurer, and in which he has displayed
the best qualities of the masterly finan-
cier. As in the case of him who has been
his partner from the inception of their
great enterprise, his success has been at-
tained through no adventitious circum-
stances, but is purely the logical reward
of persistent and well directed effort.
Mr. Bastian is highly regarded in the
community for his personal excellencies
of character, as well as for his commercial

value to the city. He is a member of the
United Evangelical church, and is a Re-
publican in politics. He holds member-
ship with the Masonic fraternity.

Mr. Bastian married Miss Emma
Schuler, daughter of Damus and Maria
(Lourie) Schuler, who were the parents
of two children : Emma, who became
Mrs. Bastian ; Harvey, who married Anna
Stevens, and to whom were born three
children: Emily, Lillie and Harris. To
Mr. and Mrs. Bastian were born five chil-
dren : Blanche ; Mamie, died aged five
years ; Marjorie ; Emily and Walter.

TREXLER, Col. Harry C,

Man of Large Affairs.

In the business affairs of Allen-
town, Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, no
man is more conspicuous than Colonel
Harry C. Trexler, oldest son of the late
Edwin W. Trexler, nor is it the privilege
of many to achieve such marked success
as has Colonel Trexler in his varied busi-
ness interests.

He was born in Easton, Pennsylvania,
and spent his early boyhood days in AI-
lentown. He was educated in the public
schools of his native county. After re-
ceiving his education. Colonel Trexler as-
sociated himself in business with his father
in the Trexler Lumber Company, then a
moderate sized but substantial concern.
The development and growth of this firm
has been remarkable. Its business con-
nections now extend over the entire coun-
try. Since the death of his father, Colonel
Trexler has been senior partner of the
firm. In 1897 Colonel Trexler was one
of the leading figures in organizing the
Lehigh Portland Cement Company. He
has always been fortunate in his choice of
business associates, and in this enterprise
he interested such men as E. M. Young,
George Ormrod and Charles Matcham,
whose sketches appear on other pages of
this Encyclopedia. From the date of or-

434

/p

ENCYCLOPEDIA OE BIOGRAPHY

ganization this company has grown by
leaps and bounds until at the present
writing it is one of the largest in the
United States, with mills and offices in
various sections of the country, and do-
ing business from the Atlantic to the
Pacific Coast. Colonel Trexler is presi-
dent of the company. He is also exten-
sively engaged in agriculture. Colonel
Trexler is a trustee of Muhlenberg Col-
lege, a trustee of St. Luke's Hospital and
a director of the Lehigh Valley Transit
Company. Colonel Trexler was appointed
by Governor Tener a member of the com-
mission to erect the State Homeopathic
Hospital, as president of that board. Lat-
er he was appointed president of the
board of trustees of this institution. He
has been connected with the National
Guard of the State since 1895, having
been appointed a member of his staff by
Governor Hastings, and continued by
Governors Stone and Pennypacker. He
was appointed deputy commissary-gener-
al by Governor Stuart, and later, quarter-
master-general by Governor Tener. He
is a member of many lodges and clubs.
Colonel Trexler is known as a man of
untiring activity, aggressive and progres-
sive, with quick business decision. He
chooses able associates and counsel, and
throws opportvmities in the way of young
men who show capability and industry.
In politics he is a staunch Republican.

Colonel Trexler married Mary N.,
daughter of William K. Mosser, one of
the pioneer tanners of the State.

STECKEL, Reuben P.,

Mercantile Manager.

The late Reuben Peter Steckel, who
was a highly esteemed citizen and widely
known business man of Allentown, a
member of the firm of M. S. Young &
Company, was born in South Whitehall
township, Lehigh county, Pennsylvania,
son of Peter and Esther (Burkhalter)

Steckel, and grandson on the paternal
side of John Steckel and on the maternal
side of Henry Burkhalter. He was the
youngest of a family of four children, the
others being as follows: Robert, mar-
ried Hannah Erederick ; Amanda, wife of
Peter Moore; Anna B.

Reuben P. Steckel obtained a practical
education in the schools of his neighbor-
hood, and later supplemented this by a
course in the Allentown Academy. In
early life he assisted his father in the
work of the home farm, and upon the
completion of his studies entered the
hardware store of Barber & Young in or-
der to gain a thorough knowledge of the
business, and he continued to act as sales-
man for this firm until i860, when he
was given an interest in the business, this
fact testifying to his adaptability for
mercantile pursuits and the keen interest
he displayed in his employer's business.
Subsequently he became a partner in the
firm of M. S. Young & Company, one of
the leading houses in that line of trade,
their store being one of the most exten-
sive in the Lehigh Valley, stocked with
full lines of merchandise. Mr. Steckel
managed this business for many years,
his wise jtidgment, conservatism and rare
foresight proving of great value in his
conduct of affairs. For a number of
years prior to his decease he led a retired
life, although he retained a financial in-
terest in the business, from which he
derived a goodly income. For two years
he served on the directorate of the Le-
high Valley Trust Company, his advice
and counsel on all matters being con-
sidered safe and prudent. Since attaining
his majority he cast his vote for the
candidates of the Republican party, but
never sought or held public office, prefer-
ring to devote his entire time to his busi-
ness interests. He was a member of the
Reformed church, in the work of which
he took a deep interest. He displayed his
patriotism by enlisting in the Fifth Regi-

435

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ment Pennsylvania Militia, in 1862, in an-
swer to an emergency call, and accom-
panied his regiment to Hagerstown,
Maryland, where the command was sta-
tioned at the time of the battle of
Antietam in order to assist if necessary,
and after the close of the engagement the
regiment was returned to Pennsylvania,
having been absent for only twelve days.
Mr. Steckel married A. Maria, daughter
of Owen and Pauline (Frederick) Deifen-
derfer. One child, Anna Esther, who
graduated from Allentown College for
Women, 1905, Albert Academy, 1906,
Vassar College, 1910, and since her
father's death, 1913, has assumed entire
business management of the estate.

NEWHARD, Henry P.,

Prominent Business Man.

Henry P. Newhard, general superin-
tendent and secretary of the Dent Hard-
ware Company, a man of energy, enter-
prise and integrity, public-spirited and ac-
tive in promoting the general welfare of
the community in which he resides, was
born in Whitehall township, Lehigh coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, November 29, 1862, son
of Franklin J. and Christiana M. (Schadt)
Newhard, grandson of Paul Newhard,
and a descendant of one of the old fam-
ilies of the Lehigh Valley.

He spent his boyhood days on the
home farm, and received his education in
the public schools, which he attended un-
til he attained his fifteenth year, when he
began an apprenticeship at the trade of
machinist at Fullerton, and in due course
of time became a journeyman, having
thoroughly mastered all the details of the
trade. His ability and skill as a work-
man and the tact and judgment he dis-
played in the management of men won
him promotion to the position of foreman
of the Allentown Hardware Works, in
which capacity he served for several

years, giving entire satisfaction in the
performance of his duties. Later he be-
came interested in the organization of the
Dent Hardware Company, was chosen to
serve as its secretary, and subsequently
was appointed general superintendent, in
which offices he is serving at the present
time (1913), he possessing in marked de-
gree the characteristics which are re-
quired for the successful conduct of large
affairs. His strength of character and his
upright life have won for him the re-
spect and confidence of all with whom
he is brought in contact. He is a mem-
ber of the Fullerton Beneficial Associa-
tion, in which he filled the office of treas-
urer.

Mr. Newhard married, in 1886, Agnes
A., daughter of Robert and Mary
Rhoades, of Egypt, Pennsylvania, and
they have one child. Miles R., born in

RICHARDS, Henry M. M.,

Naval Officer, Author.

Among Pennsylvania's prominent citi-
zens none stands higher in the public re-
gard than Lieutenant Henry Melchior
Muhlenberg Richards, distinguished alike
in the military, industrial and literary
services which he has rendered to his
State and country. He is indeed a man
eminent in many capacities, and one who
has excelled in every line to which he
has given his attention during the long
years of his public usefulness. He is a
descendant on both sides of the family
from an ancestry of patriotic and dis-
tinguished men, and has contributed his
full share to the family honors and the
benefits which they have rendered to the
country.

On the paternal side. Lieutenant Rich-
ards' great-grandfather was Matthias
Richards, a prominent and wealthy landed
proprietor of New Holland township,
Pennsylvania, and a member of the build-

436

/<^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ing committee of the Swamp Evangelical
Lutheran Church in 1767. Matthias
Richards, born in 1719, died in 1775, mar-
ried Ann Margaret Hillegas, and left a
number of children, his eldest sons inher-
iting his extensive property. One of the
younger sons, Matthias Richards Jr., who
was born in 1758, and was but seventeen
years of age when his father died, re-
ceived his inheritance in currency which
so depreciated in value that his invest-
ment of it proved worthless. He then
went to Reading, Pennsylvania ; and when
in 1777 the British came up Chesapeake
Bay and threatened Philadelphia, he vol-
unteered in the defense of his country
and served as a private in Colonel Daniel
Udree's Second Battalion. He afterwards
took part in the battles of Brandywine
and Germantown, and served until the
Continental army finally went into camp
at Valley Forge, when the militia was
discharged. In the year 1780 he married
his first wife, Maria Missimer, who died
the following year after having given
birth to a son who also died.

Matthias Richards was at this time
a resident on Swamp road, known as the
Old Philadelphia road, where he kept an
inn, then a reputable business. This he
continued alone after his brother's with-
drawal, when he also became a scrivener.
He was altogether a self-made man, hav-
ing learned English behind the plow, with
a spelling-book and dictionary, studying
when his horses rested. He became pro-
ficient in both English and German, was
well acquainted with literature in general,
and stood pre-eminent among the men of
his day. He served as justice of the peace
in all for a period of forty years ; was
Associate Judge of the Berks county
courts ; was appointed Inspector of Cus-
toms under Tenche Cox and General
Peter Muhlenberg; became a member of
Congress for the counties of Berks and
Lancaster, from 1807 to 181 1; was ap-
pointed Collector of Revenue by Presi-

dent Madison in 1812; and appointed
clerk of the Orphans' Court in 1823, by
his intimate friend, Governor Joseph
Hiester. He was an upright and patriotic
citizen; and, like all of his family, a faith-
ful Lutheran, being a member and trustee
of Trinity Lutheran Church, Reading, in
which city he had finally made his home
and where he died in the year 1830. After
the death of his first wife he married, in
1782, Marie Salome Muhlenberg, by
whom he had a number of children,
among whom was John William Rich-
ards, the father of Lieutenant Richards.
The Rev. John William Richards was
born in the year 1803, and died in 1854,
at Reading, Pennsylvania. He was a pu-
pil of Dr. John Grier, at the Reading
Academy, where he was chiefly a student
of languages, reading theology afterwards
under the Rev. Henry Augustus Muhlen-
berg. In the year 1828 he was ordained
as a minister in the Lutheran church, and
was unanimously elected pastor of the
congregation of New Holland, Lancaster
county, and other congregations in Lan-
caster and Berks counties. Subsequently
he was unanimously elected pastor of the
old Augustus Church at The Trappe, in
Montgomery county (where his famous
grandfather, Henry Melchior Muhlen-
berg, first preached and is buried), on re-
signing his work in New Holland, in the
year 1834. He continued here until 1836,
when he was called to St. Michael's
Evangelical Lutheran Church at German-
town. In 1843 he was made secretary of
the Ministerium, served three terms, and
in 1850 was elected president of that
body, holding the office until the time of
his death. In the same year he was
called to Trinity Lutheran Church, in
Reading, having been pastor of St. John's
Evangelical Church at Easton since 1845.
In 185 1 the degree of Doctor of Divinity
was conferred upon him by Jefferson Col-
lege, a Presbyterian institution of the old
school. Dr. Richards' various pastorates

437

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

were marked by a gratifying and peculiar
success, and he was instrumental in ma-
terially advancing the cause of religion
and the Lutheran denomination in Penn-
sylvania. In the year 1835 he married
Andora Garber, only daughter of Henry
and Susanna Garber, who lived at Gar-
wood, a few miles from The Trappe ; she
was born May 21, 181 5, and died May
26, 1892, at the age of seventy-seven
years. The children of Dr. and Mrs.
Richards were Adelaide Susanna, Andora
Elizabeth, Matthias Henry, and Henry
Melchior Muhlenberg Richards.

Lieutenant Richards' grandmother,
Maria Salome Muhlenberg, was the
youngest daughter of the patriarch,
Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, the founder
of the family in this country, who brought
out of disorder the Lutheran church in
this part of the world, and by his in-
dividual exertions established its influ-
ence and authority upon firm foundations.
The entire family seemed to be pecu-
liarly fitted for public life by a natural
endowment from generation to genera-
tion, although all of its prominent male
members were educated for the Christian
ministry and entered upon pastoral du-
ties. Some of the most noted descendants
have achieved distinction and accom-
plished results worthy of lasting remem-
brance by all Pennsylvanians ; nearly all
have been gifted with literary tastes;
and nearly all have been accomplished
scholars. Indeed, it may be said that
no State in the Union can boast of a
family which has contributed to the
country a larger number of eminent men
than has the Keystone State in this fam-
ily of Pennsylvania Germans.

The Muhlenberg family traces back a
thousand years to its ancestors in Prus-
sian Saxony, when Ziraca, a prince of the
Wendish and Sorbic tribes, had his resi-
dence near the present Miihlberg, on the
right bank of the river Elbe. Here he
was converted to Christianity about the

year 950 A. D. Mills, which in the Ger-
man are "miihlen," were erected near this
locality in the mediaeval ages, and gave
their name to the town as well as to the
family which was reigning there. This
family increased and grew powerful in
the course of time, and acquired large
possessions in Saxony, Austrian Silesia,
and other parts of the country ; they bore
in their escutcheon two wheels, and the
members signed themselves, "of the
Muhlenberg." Various representatives of
the family became eminent in war and
peace; and at the beginning of the six-
teenth century its members were counted
among the wealthy nobility. The subse-
quent wars, however, especially the
Thirty Years' War, greatly reduced it
in numbers and circumstances, and many
of its branches died out entirely.

There is a tradition that the Muhlen-
berg family emigrated from Bohemia to
Eimbeck, in Hanover, Germany ; and
there, in 1723, died Nicolaus Melchior
Muhlenberg, the first modern representa-
tive of the line. He and his wife, Anna
Kleinschmid, were the parents of a num-
ber of children, among whom was Henry
Melchior Muhlenberg, born September 6,
171 1, at Eimbeck. The family seemed to
have been a very devout one from earliest
times, and it is probable indeed that they
had left Bohemia because of religious per-
secution ; the name, John Arndt, which
was given to another of the sons in honor
of the famous theologian, was a further
proof of their religious attitude.

Henry Melchior Muhlenberg was a
man of profound learning acquired in
the schools of Germany, and was "pos-
sessed of an ardent zeal for the salvation
of his brethren according to the flesh."
He left Germany in 1742, sailing for
America; after spending a short while
in Georgia he came on to Pennsylvania,
finding the Lutheran church in this State
in a deplorable condition, though better
than elsewhere in the country. He

438

l-\ - V'Vn . "v-i^ • ' CA^C^U C^^X^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

visited the destitute Germans, placed the
church upon a firm foundation, and la-
bored with indefatigable zeal for nearly
half a century, leaving an enduring mon-
ument to his name in the good works
which he wrought for humanity in the
name of his church. He died in 1787, at
The Trappe, where he had lived and la-
bored for many years, and was buried
there. His wife, Anna Maria, daughter
of Conrad Weiser, of Berks county, bore
him three sons and four daughters. Of
the sons, all attained distinction, and, like
their father, were not only Lutheran
ministers, but also public spirited citi-
zens ; all were educated in part at the
University of Halle in Germany, where
Dr. Muhlenberg had laid the foundations
of his own profound learning.

John Peter Gabriel, known as General
Muhlenberg, and Frederick Augustus
Conrad, the statesman, who were the
eldest sons of Patriarch Muhlenberg,
were both representatives in Congress
when Washington was president ; Peter
served previously during the entire Revo-
lutionary war as one of Washington's
generals, and was afterwards elected a
United States Senator from Pennsyl-
vania; Frederick had served prior to the
Revolution, in the Continental Con-
gress, and became speaker of the House
during the first and third Congresses of
the United States ; he was also twice
elected the Federal candidate for gov-
ernor of Pennsylvania, though defeated.
Dr. Muhlenberg's third son, Gotthilf
Henry Ernestus, was a naturalist of
world-wide reputation, whose son, Henry
Augustus Philip, was a prominent leader
of the Democratic party, long a represen-
tative in Congress, minister to Austria,
and twice the Democratic candidate for
governor of Pennsylvania. Henry Au-
gustus, son of Henry Augustus
Philip, was a representative in Con-
gress ; Frederick Augustus, grandson
of Gotthilf Henry Ernestus, was dis-

tinguished as a college professor and
college president; William Augustus,
the grandson of the first speaker of the
House of Representatives, was a promi-
nent Episcopalian clergyman, especially
noted as a writer of hymns that are sung
in all our churches ; and John Andrew
Shulze, a grandson of the Patriarch
through one of his daughters, was twice
elected governor of Pennsylvania. Of
Dr. Muhlenberg's daughters, two married
Lutheran ministers. Eve Elizabeth be-
coming the wife of the Rev. Christopher
Emmanuel Shulze, and Margaretta Hen-
rietta the wife of the Rev. John Christo-
pher Kunze, a native of Germany. The
third daughter, Mary Catherine, married
Francis Swaine, a politician of note; and
the fourth daughter, Maria Salome, mar-
ried Matthias Richards as previously
stated, and became the grandmother of
the present Lieutenant Richards. She
was born in 1766 and died in 1827.

Lieutenant Henry Melchior Muhlen-
berg Richards, son of the Rev. John Wil-
liam Richards and Andora Garber Rich-
ards, was born at Easton, Northampton
county, Pennsylvania, August 16, 1848,
during his father's pastorate of St. John's
Evangelical Lutheran Church of that city.
When in 1850 his father was called to
Trinity Lutheran Church in Reading, he
accompanied his parents, being then an
infant of two years ; here his early life
was passed, his preliminary education be-
ing received in the public schools. June
30, i860, he entered the high school at
the head of all the male applicants, he be-
ing then only twelve years old, and, con-
tinuing his studious career with the same
brilliancy and success that marked his
family for generations, was graduated in
1864.

During he Civil War he enlisted, in
June, 1863, as a private in Company A,
26th Emergency Regiment of Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers, doing duty as a drum-
mer. He engaged in the battle of Gettys-

439

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

burg, and served throughout the cam-
paign incident to that battle; penetrating
in disguise, in company with his brother,
into Early's division of Ewell's corps of
the Confederate army, and giving the first
information of their retrograde move-
ment, he narrowly escaped death and
capture. In 1864 he enlisted as a private
in Company A, 195th Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers, and served under Sheri-
dan in West Virginia. In July, 1865, he
was appointed a midshipman and entered
the United States Naval Academy at
Newport, Rhode Island. He graduated
in 1869 at Annapolis, being a star gradu-
ate, or honor man, and was complimented
by Admiral David D. Porter, receiving
his diploma at the hands of General U.
S. Grant. He served on the U. S. S.
"Santee," in 1865; on the U. S. S. "Ma-
cedonian," in 1866, cruising along the
coast of the United States; and also on
the U. S. S. "Constitution" ("Old Iron-
sides"). In 1867, on the U. S. S. "Sa-
vannah," he cruised along the coasts of
Europe and participated in the great
naval ovation to the Empress Eugenie
at Cherbourg, in France ; in the following
year he cruised in the same ship among
the islands off the west coast of Africa,
having previously visited the Military
Academy at West Point.

During 1869-70-71, on the U. S. S.
"Juniata" and the U. S. flagship "Frank-
lin," he was attached to the European
squadron, and was actively engaged in
connection with the Franco-German war,
the Carlist insurrection, the Communis-
tic outbreak, and a threatened uprising in
Tunis, Africa, against the Christians.
The outbreak against the Christians in
Africa was averted in April, 1870; his
engagement in the Franco-German war
was in 1870-71, he being with the German
army in July, 1870, prior to the battles of
Worth and Gravelotte. He was also
with the French fleet off Heligoland, in
the German Ocean, in August, 1870,

which was then dispersed by a hurricane
while awaiting the attack of the German
fleet; was with the German fleet at Wil-
helmshaven, in September, 1870; in
Havre, France, in October and Novem-
ber, 1870, during the advance of the Ger-
man army with Bourbaki's defeated army
in Switzerland, in January, 1871 ; and at
Marseilles, in April, 1871, during the
Communistic outbreak. He was on ac-
tive duty in Spain, in January, 1871, dur-
ing the oubreak of the Carlist insurrec-
tion ; and at Naples and Civita Vecchia,
Italy, in March, 1871, guarding American
interests during troubles incident to the
occupation of Rome by Victor Emman-
uel, and the deprivation of the Pope's
temporal power. He had been commis-
sioned ensign in 1870, and was commis-
sioned master in 1871, passing through
many exciting adventures during these
years. He had narrowly escaped death
in the Bay of Tunis while on boat duty
during a tempest; he had made a danger-
ous ascent of Vesuvius during an erup-
tion; had hazarded his life in crossing
the Alps by the Simplon Pass after a
winter's storm ; and was attacked and
nearly captured by Spanish brigands in
the vicinity of San Roque, outside of
Gibraltar.

During the year 1872, Lieutenant
Richards was on duty at the Torpedo
Station at Newport, Rhode Island, where
he was attached to the nitro-glycerine
department; at this time he invented a
circuit closing fuse which, being far su-
perior to anything then in use, was
adopted by the government. In 1873-74,
at the personal solicitation of its com-
manding officer, now Admiral George
Dewey, he was attached to the U. S.
Steamer "Narragansett," on surveying
duty in the Pacific Ocean. The charts
now in use of the peninsular of Lower
California, the Gulf of California, the
Mexican coast and various islands in the
Pacific Ocean, were mainly the result of

440

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

his work. He was on duty in Panama
during the revolutionary outbreak in
April, 1873 ; volunteered for a dangerous
boat expedition to Las Tres Marias
Islands on February 22, 1874, and saved
the vessel from shipwreck on La Roca
Partida, of the Revillagigedo Group, a
month afterwards ; visited the savage
Seri Indians of Tiburon Island and the
Yaqui tribes along the Rio Mayo. Dur-
ing this time, in anticipation of a war
with Spain because of the "Virginius"
affair. Captain Dewey asked for permis-
sion to attack Manila, of the Philippine
Islands, which exploit he so well per-
formed many years afterward. In No-
vember, 1874, Lieutenant Richards at-
tained his highest promotion in the serv-
ice; but having been on duty for ten
years with scarcely any interruption, he
tendered his resignation in order to de-
vote more time to his family, and retired
from service on the first of January,

1875-

He then became connected with the
Philadelphia & Reading Railway, at
Reading, Pennsylvania, being at first in
the office of the general superintendent
and later in that of the engineer of ma-
chinery, remaining until the fall of 1878.
During the labor riots of 1877 he assisted
in organizing a company of coal and
iron police, composed of veteran soldiers,
in which he himself served during the
continuance of the disturbances. From
1878 until 1881 he was associated with
Charles M. Roeder in the insurance busi-
ness ; after which he became identified
with the Reading Bolt and Nut Works
and the rolling mills of J. H. Sternbergh.
In 1899 he assisted in the consolidation
of that plant and others, and their organi-
zation into the American Iron and Steel
Manufacturing Company, with general
offices at Lebanon, Pennsylvania ; he is
now the treasurer of this company and
a member of its board of directors, hav-
ing first been appointed general auditor

in 1899. During the strike of its em-
ployees in 1902 and the terrible riots
which followed. Lieutenant Richards was
shot in the side while defending the com-
pany's property, before order was restored
by the troops; the attack was made on
the night of Sepember 23rd, while three
thousand employees in Lebanon were on
strike.

When in 1898 the war with Spain broke
out, he laid aside his business career for
a while and volunteered for service, re-
suming his lieutenancy in the navy. He
served at the front during the entire war
as executive officer of the U. S. S.
"Supply," which was fitted out by the
government as an auxiliary cruiser and
supply ship in Admiral Sampson's fleet.
He participated in all operations in the
West Indies about Cuba and Porto Rico,
and was on the blockade of Havana when
the last shot of the war was fired. Some
months after the close of the war he was
given his honorable discharge, with the
thanks of the government. Previously,
in 1892, when war seemed imminent be-
tween the United States and Chili, he
had also volunteered for service.

After his final return from military
service Lieutenant Richards became an
active factor in the work of the Evan-
gelical Lutheran church, of which his
ancestors have all been distinguished
members. For eighteen years he was
superintendent of the Trinity Lutheran
Sunday school at Reading, introducing
many changes and improvements. Upon
his removal to Lebanon he was elected
a trustee of Salem Evangelical Lutheran
Church, and engaged actively in the
work of the Bible school. Since this he
has become identified with the St. James
Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of
Lebanon, and is superintendent of its
Bible school. In politics he is a Republi-
can, but has always declined serving in
office though frequently requested to do
so. On June 28, 1893, he was appointed

441

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

by Governor Pattison, of Pennsylvania,
on the commission to locate the various
forts erected as defenses against the In-
dians prior to the year 1783; his exhaus-
tive report on the "Frontier Forts of the
Blue Range" was ordered printed by the
legislature, and has become the standard
authority on that subject. He is also
the author of many historical and other
works which have appeared from time
to time in the leading periodicals of the
country and from the presses of various
prominent publishers. Among them are :
"Citizens of Gettysburg in the Battle,"
which appeared in 1887, in the Century
Magazine ; "Quarter-Centennial History
of St. John's Lodge No. 435, Free and
Accepted Alasons," published in 1894;
"Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania," pub-
lished at Harrisburg in 1896; "Frontier
Forts of the French and Indian Wars,"
"History of the Old Moslem Church,"
and "Pennsylvania Military Methods
during the French and Indian Wars,"
published from 1895 to 1897 in the Ameri-
can Historical Magazine ; "The German
Leaven in the Pennsylvania Loaf," pub-
lished by the Wyoming Historical and
Geological Society in 1897 ; "The First
Discoverers of America German not
Latin," "The German Emigration from
New York Province into Pennsylvania,"
"The Descendants of Henry Melchior
Muhlenberg," and "Biography of Gov-
ernor Joseph Hiester," etc., published at
various times by the Pennsylvania Ger-
man Society; "The Pennsylvania German
in the French and Indian Wars," "The
Pennsylvania German in the Revolution-
ary War," published by the New Era
Printing Company at Lancaster; "The
Heroic Laying of a Noble Foundation,"
"Berks County in the French and Indian
War," published respectively by the
Schuylkill County and Berks County His-
torical Societies, "Lebanon County in the
French and Indian War," "Regina, the
German Captive," "Lebanon County's

Emergency Volunteers at Gettysburg,"
"Lebanon County's Part in the Revolu-
tionary War," "A Word about Seals,"
"Lebanon County in the Foreign Wars of
the United States," "Our Ancestors in
the British Prisons of the Revolution,"
published at various times by the Leb-
anon County Historical Society; various
biographical articles in the Lutheran
Cyclopedia, published by Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons in 1899; and "The Relation of
the Sunday School to the Church," pub-
lished by the Lutheran Church Review
in 1896.

In the year 1910 the degree of Doctor
of Letters was conferred upon Lieutenant
Richards by Muhlenberg College. He is
a member of the Authors' Club, of Lon-
don, England, and of the following or-
ganizations and societies : Grand Army
of the Republic, Sons of the Revolution,
Naval Order of the United States, Mili-
tary Order of Foreign Wars, Naval and
Military Order of the Spanish-American
War, American Veterans of Foreign
Service, Order of Washington, Lebanon
Rifle Association, Pennsylvania German
Society, Naval Academy Graduates' As-
sociation, Navy Athletic Association,
Navy League of the United States, His-
torical Society of Pennsylvania, Genea-
logical Society of Pennsylvania, National
Genealogical Society, Wyoming Histori-
cal and Geological Society of Pennsyl-
vania, Site and Relic Society of German-
town, Pennsylvania Federation of His-
torical Societies, Lebanon County His-
torical Society, Berks County and Mont-
gomery County Historical Associations,
American Academy of Political and
Social Science, National Geographic So-
ciety, American Forestry Association,
Red Cross Society, American Humane
Association, Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals, Improved Order of Heptasophs,
Loyal Association, Royal Arcanum, and
Free and Accepted Masons, in which he

442

UVtZuPt-T^ (!l{ci^i /V(7t-o/(

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

is past master. In most of the preceding
associations he holds high office.

On December 26, 1871, Lieutenant
Richards was married, at Reading, Penn-
sylvania, to Miss Ella Van Leer, or von
Loehr, who was born November 8, 1848,
daughter of Branson and Drucilla Van
Leer. On the paternal side she is a de-
scendant of the German noble von Loehr
family, whose remote ancestor was Wer-
ner von Loehr, mayor of the city of May-
ence, who was raised to the nobility in
the year 1521. Mrs. Richards' mother
was a Miss Turner, descended from the
English families of Washington, West,
Gilpin, Pennington, etc., and through
them from the old reigning families of
England, France, the Holy Roman Em-
pire, and Scandinavia, the records re-
maining unbroken for two thousand
years.

To Lieutenant and Mrs. Richards were
born four children: i. Henry Branson
Richards, born February 5, 1873 ; now
pastor .of the St. James Evangelical
Lutheran Church at Lebanon ; married to
Anna Martha Bittner. 2. Charles Mat-
thias Richards, born April 19, 1875 ; a
practicing physician at Reading; married
(first) to Anna Alfarata Harner, (sec-
ond) to Laura May Peck. 3. Florence
Richards, born March 23, 1878. 4. Alice
Richards, born September 8, 1880; mar-
ried to Ira Leonard Bennetch, a descen-
dant of the noted French Huguenot fam-
ily, Basnage de Beauval.

BAILEY, William Elder,

Financier.

William Elder Bailey, president and
treasurer of the Union Real Estate and
Investment Company of Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, is descended from ancestors
who were among the pioneers of Penn-
sylvania. He was born February 10,
i860, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and is
the second child of Charles Lukens and

Emma Harriet (Dollj Bailey, the former
prominently identified with the manufac-
turing and political interests of Dauphin
county.

William Elder Bailey received his pre-
paratory education at the Hill School,
Pottstown, Pennsylvania, and at Phillips
Academy, Andover, Massachusetts. He
afterward took the academic course at
Yale University, graduating in the class
of 1882. After graduation, Mr. Bailey
was for a time engaged in the iron trade
in association with his father, and then
went to Seattle, where he turned his at-
tention to real estate. During the five
years which he spent in that city he was
a director of two banks and a member
of the first board of park commissioners
ever organized in Seattle. In 1893 he
returned to Pennsylvania, and made his
home at Thorndale, Chester county, later
settling in Harrisburg, where he has since
resided.

For a number of years Mr. Bailey has
been conspicuously identified with the
leading interests of his home city, taking,
as he does, a generous interest in the wel-
fare of his neighbors and doing all in his
power to promote the prosperity of the
community. He is a member of the
Board of Park Commissioners, and a di-
rector of the Harrisburg Hospital. He
is socially popular, and belongs to the
Harrisburg Country Club and the Merion
Cricket Club of Philadelphia. Mr. Bailey
holds membership in the church with
which his father was for many years
closely identified — the Market Square
Presbyterian.

Mr. Bailey married, September 15,
1892, at Detroit, Michigan, Fay H.,
daughter of former Governor and United
States Senator General Russell A. Alger
and Annette (Henry) Alger, his wife.
The family of Mr. and Mrs. Bailey con-
sists of two children, a son and a daugh-
ter: Russell Alger, and Annette Alger.

443

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

BAILEY, Charles L.,

Charles L. Bailey, of the firm of Wolfe
& Bailey, prominent attorneys of Harris-
burg, Pennsylvania, comes of old Penn-
sylvania stock of English and Welsh ex-
traction. He was born June 26, 1864,
in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, son of
Charles Lukens and Emma H. (Doll)
Bailey. He was prepared by private
tutors for St. Paul's School, Concord,
New Hampshire, whence he passed to
Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachu-
setts. At these institutions he was fitted
for Yale University, whence he graduated
in 1886. He read law in the office of Hall
& Jordan, of Harrisburg, and in 1888 was
admitted to the Dauphin county bar. He
was later admitted to practice in the State
and United States Supreme Courts. In
1893 the firm of Wolfe & Bailey was or-
ganized, and rapidly rose to its present
foremost rank among the law firms of the
city. As a lawyer, Mr. Bailey possesses
that judicial instinct which makes its
way quickly through immaterial details
to the essential points upon which the de-
termination of a cause must turn, and his
arguments are ever logical, forcible and
clear. He is noted for his quick apprecia-
tion of the points counsel are endeavoring
to establish, and for his invariable suc-
cess in getting at the root of the matters
by questions during argument, and when
he asks one of his searching illuminating
questions he will either develop the
strength of the argument or demonstrate
its weakness. He has a broad, compre-
hensive grasp of all questions that come
before him, and an unusual facility for
getting to the bottom of every contention
submitted. Mr. Bailey is general solici-
tor of the Pennsylvania Traction Com-
pany and its underlying lines. He is
counsel for the Harrisburg National Bank
and the Harrisburg Trust Company. In
politics he is a Republican, and while he

has never consented to hold office, he has
nevertheless been somewhat active in po-
litical circles. He is a member of the
committee on rules of the District and
Circuit Courts of the Middle District of
Pennsylvania, and of the Dauphin County
Law Library Committee.

As a public-spirited citizen, Mr. Bailey
takes an active interest in all that per-
tains to the welfare and improvement of
his home city, and any cause which in
his judgment tends to promote this ob-
ject, is sure of his earnest co-operation.
He belongs to that class which is doing
so much to advance the real interest of
the city and State, and whose industry
and enterprise deserve the most cordial
approval of all good citizens. Mr. Bailey
is a member of the Dauphin County,
Pennsylvania and American Bar Associa-
tions, the Harrisburg Club, and the
Bibliophile Society of Boston. He at-
tends St. Stephen's Protestant Episcopal
Church.

Mr. Bailey married, March 10, 1892,
Mary Frances, daughter of Daniel W.
and Eliza (Clark) Seller, of Harrisburg,
and eight children have been born to
them: Mary Emily, Frances, Charles,
William, Gilbert, Eliza, Sarah, and Elea-
nor. By this marriage Mr. Bailey gained
the life companionship of a charming and
congenial woman. His wife is fitted by
native refinement, a bright mind, and
thorough education, for the social posi-
tion she occupies, and she enters graci-
ously and with enjoyment into the social
duties her position calls for.

Happily gifted in manner, disposition
and taste, enterprising and original in
business ideas, personally liked most by
those who know him best, and as frank in
declaring his principles as he is sincere in
maintaining them, Mr. Bailey's career has
been rounded with success and marked by
the appreciation of men whose good opin-
ion is best worth having.

444

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

MOON, Reuben O.,

Educator, Ijawyer, Stateaman.

Although born in the State of New
Jersey, Mr. Moon's ancestors, from
James Moone, the Quaker, who came
from Bristol, England, about 1682, down
to his own generation were residents and
natives of Bucks county, Pennsylvania.
The first settlement of the family was
in Falls township, Bucks county. James
Moon was a member of the Society of
Friends, as was his son Roger and his
family. John, the eldest son of Roger
Moon, however, married outside the
church, and he was dropped from mem-
bership without making any attempt to
justify himself.

William, son of John Moon, was also
a native of Falls township, as was his
son Aaron Lippincott, father of Reuben
O. Moon, of the sixth generation in this
country. Aaron L. Moon was the first
of this branch to settle outside the limits
of Falls township, he spending the
greater part of his life in Burlington
county, New Jersey, where he became
one of the leading educators of his day.
He was born February 10, 1809; married,
in 1842, Maria Braddock, daughter of
Abraham and Catherine (Snyder) Os-
borne, of Burlington county.

Hon. Reuben O. Moon, son of Aaron
Lippincott and Maria B. (Osborne)
Moon, was born in Burlington county.
New Jersey, July 22, 1847. He was edu-
cated under the supervision of his father,
and later graduated from college in
Pennsylvania in 1875. After graduation
he filled the. chair of literature and ex-
pression in his alma mater for a few
years, during which time he became
widely known to the literary and educa-
tional world as a lecturer and educator.
In 1880, on the death of the president
of the college, Professor Moon succeeded
to the presidency, continuing until 1884.
He had in the meantime prepared for the

profession of law, and in 1884 was ad-
mitted to the Philadelphia bar and began
practice. His rise at the bar was rapid,
his scholarly attainment in platform ex-
perience, oratorical ability and untiring
industry all contributing to his advance-
ment. He was admitted to the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania in 1886, and to
the Federal courts of his district in 1889,
and became a recognized leader.

But it is the Congressional service of
Mr. Moon that has brought him most
prominently into the public eye. On
November 21, 1903, he was elected to
the Fifty-eighth Congress from the
Fourth District of Pennsylvania, com-
prising an important section of Phila-
delphia, to fill a vacancy caused by the
death of Hon. Robert H. Foeodere, and
has since been continuously a member
of Congress through successive re-elec-
tion. He has served as chairman and
member of various important congres-
sional committees, and is the author of
more constructive literature than any
other man for the past half century.
Among other important measures he is
the author of the Judiciary Bill passed
by the Si.xty-first Congress, which he
spent two years in preparing and perfect-
ing. To this bill he brought his own
comprehensive knowledge of the law,
supplemented by tireless labor, great pa-
tience and skill. In the House, Mr. Moon
occupied the floor ten days in the con-
sideration of the bill. During its prog-
ress through the House the bill was sub-
jected to many drastic amendments.
Strenuous effort was made to introduce
labor injunction provisions, provisions
denying the right of courts to punish for
contempt, provisions to realize the sec-
ondary boycott, provisions to prevent the
removal of cases from State to Federal
courts by corporations on the ground of
diversity of citizenship, and provisions
to prevent the Federal court from en-
joining the officers of a State from en-

445

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

forcing State laws. The discussion of
these amendments occupied many days,
but all were finally defeated. This bill
made many important changes, and is by
many lawyers regarded as one of the
most important pieces of judiciary legis-
lation enacted in many years. AVeak-
nesses of the old judicial act of 1789 were
corrected and new features added. It
eliminates the circuit court as a court
of original jurisdiction of courts of first
instance upon the district court. By this
act the duties of the circuit judges are
confined to appellate work in the Cir-
cuit Court of Appeals, cumbersome ex-
penses and useless machinery of the ex-
isting circuit court all abolished, and a
symmetrical and harmonious judicial sys-
tem consisting of one court of original
jurisdiction, an intermediate court of
appeals, and a court of supreme appel-
late jurisdiction has been established.
The bill also provided for the increase
of salary for the Justices of the United
States Supreme Court from $13,000 to
$15,000 per annum; provides for the pay-
ment of expenses of district and circuit
judges when holding court or perform-
ing duties outside of their circuit or dis-
trict; relieves the Supreme Court of the
United States of a large amount of its
present appellate jurisdiction, conferring
it upon the Circuit Court of Appeals;
and other important reforms. The pass-
age of the bill caused a feeling of gen-
eral rejoicing in the House, and heartiest
congratulations were extended to Mr.
Moon. President Taft addressed him as
follows: "I have just signed the bill,
making law the new judicial code. This
is a most important measure. It is the
result of the hardest work on the part of
yourself and your colleagues of the joint
committee for the revision of the laws.
Every lawyer, every judge and every
citizen ought to feel deeply grateful to
you and to them for this reform. But
for your patience, persistence and parlia-

mentary experience and knowledge of
the law and the federal procedure, this
great accomplishment would have been
impossible. Accept my gratitude and
congratulations." To another. President
Taft said: "This bill is the most im-
portant passed by Congress in years, and
I am proud to have it consummated dur-
ing my administration." His own legal
home, the Philadelphia bar, "in recogni-
tion of the very valuable services to the
profession and administration of the law
of Hon. Reuben O. Moon as chairman
of the House committee on revision of
the laws of the Sixtieth Congress in com-
pilation and enactment of the revised
penal code," tendered him a reception at
the Lawyers' Club, May 18, 1909, on
which occasion were present not only the
most prominent members of the Phila-
delphia bar but also some of the most
distinguished representatives of the pro-
fession in the entire country.

As a lawyer Mr. Moon has also won
distinction, and his position at the Phila-
delphia bar is among the leaders. He
has a most comprehensive technical un-
derstanding of the law, and is skilful in
its application, with a pleasing person-
ality and natural oratorical powers that
have brought him deserved recognition
everywhere. He commands a large
clientele, is attorney for several large
corporations, and has figured conspicu-
ously in numerous criminal trials of im-
portance, winning also many notable
forensic victories. He is a leading mem-
ber of the Union League and of the Law-
yers' Club, an ex-president of the Colum-
bia Club, and is also a member of the
Pennsylvania Club and of the Histori-
cal Society of Pennsylvania.

Mr. Moon married, in 1876, Mary
Predmore, of Barnegat, New Jersey.
Their son, Harold P., is a graduate of the
law department of the University of
Pennsylvania, and a rising member of
the Junior Philadelphia Bar. Their only

446

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

daughter, Mable M., married Clarence
A. Mussellman, a prominent business
man of Philadelphia.

The fame of Mr. Moon does not rest
upon a single achievement, but upon a
life work of constant achievement. As
an educator and exponent of the art of
oratory he won distinction ; as a lawyer
he rose to the highest rank; while as a
statesman he has great constructive legis-
lation to his credit ; a man of wide read-
ing and broad general information and
an analytical mind, he has gained dis-
tinction as a close reasoner, his deduc-
tions following in logical sequence; while
his gift of oratory enables him to pre-
sent his points with great effectiveness.
Still an active worker, there is much yet
to chronicle of his life work, and the
importance of what he has done may yet
be eclipsed by the greatness of future
performance.

HASSLER, AMOS,

Financier.

Ever since its organization, the Farm-
er's National Bank of Myerstown has had
a uniformly successful career and has
steadily grown in public favor. While
the management of the bank has been
excellent, there is a great deal of credit
due to its youthful cashier, Amos Hass-
ler, whose courteous treatment of custo-
mers and prompt business methods has
made the bank a popular one.

Mr. Hassler was born in Ephrata, Lan-
caster county, Pennsylvania, March ii,
1885, son of Frederick Hassler, a native
of Berks county, Pennsylvania, and
Sarah (Miller) Hassler, of Lebanon coun-
ty, third of a family of six born to his
parents. He attended the public schools
of his township until he was fourteen
years of age, being then unusually well
advanced in his studies. At that early
age he entered business life and began
his successful connection with financial

institutions as clerk in the local bank. In
March, 1903, he took a step upward, en-
tering the loan department of the Wom-
elsdorf Union Bank, of Berks county,
continuing five years. He had an op-
portunity there to become thoroughly
conversant with banking methods and
financiering; so well known had he be-
come in banking circles that he received
an offer to become cashier of the First
National Bank of Intercourse, Lancaster
county, an offer that he accepted. For
two years he was cashier of that bank,
showing the expected ability that gained
him the appointment.

In 1910 he resigned his position of
cashier and with the assistance of local
capitalists organized the Farmer's Na-
tional Bank of Myerstown, which opened
its doors for business August 8, 1910,
with Amos Hassler as cashier. He is
thoroughly posted on the laws governing
finance and financial institutions, and has
a personality that draws to him a
great many friends. He is a Republican
in politics and a member of the Lutheran
church. He is connected with a number
of fraternal orders : Conestoga Council,
Royal Arcanum, at Lancaster; the My-
erstown Lodge, No. 358, Independent
Order of Odd Fellows ; he is also a mem-
ber and one of the organizers of the My-
erstown Agricultural Association, and
the Myerstown Board of Trade, and
holds official relation with them.

He married, July i, 1908, Edith D.,
daughter of Oliver and Kate E. Noll.
They have an only child : Willis Fred-
erick, born in l\Iyerstown, February 5,
1911.

Thus successfully launched on his life-
work, the future holds for Mr. Hassler
bright promises of a brilliant career as
a financier and useful business man. He
has the confidence of his banking as-
sociates and the good will of his com-
munity, valuable assets, and secured only
through true merit.

447

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

CORSON, John Jacobs,

Man of AJIalrs.

Identified for many years with the busi-
ness interests of Norristown, John Jacobs
Corson was a citizen nvhose death was felt
as a distinct loss throughout the whole
community. A business man whose prin-
ciples and whose practice were alike pat-
.terned along the highest stands, he stood
in the town he had chosen for his resi-
dence as one of the best types of Ameri-
can citizenship. The influence of such
men reaches beyond the confines of the
immediate neighborhood in which they
live and adds its quota to the current of
the national life. Each one of such men
leaves after him a legacy of benefit to
succeeding generations, making more de-
sirable the life of the every day man in
these commonwealths separated by so
few generations from the solitude of the
wilderness.

Coming from a family of English ori-
gin, Mr. Corson was able to trace his an-
cestry to colonial times, and to point to
many a member of the stock who had
rendered notable service in the upbuild-
ing of the new republic. The first an-
cestor in this country was Cornelius Cor-
son, who immigrated to America in 1685,
in a vessel bound for South Carolina, the
passengers being principally French
Huguenots from La Vendee, France, but
for some unknown reason the vessel
landed at Staten Island. Among his chil-
dren was a son, Benjamin Corson, who
removed to Bucks county, Pennsylvania,
from Staten Island, about the year 1726.
Charles Corson, a great-grandson of this
Benjamin, was the father of John Jacobs
Corson, with whom the present narrative
is concerned.

Charles Corson was born in 1801, on
the old homestead, in Montgomery
county, and there for over forty years
he resided, at the junction of Skippack
and Perkiomen creeks, in Lower Provi-

dence township, Montgomery county.
He was an ardent anti-slavery man, and
an efficient agent of the "Underground
Railroad." Charles Corson married Sarah
Egbert, and their son, John Jacobs, was
born at Areola, Pennsylvania, January 5,
1839, and died in Norristown, December
2, 1911.

Having had the good fortune to come
of excellent ancestry, John Jacobs Corson
was further to be envied in being born
on a farm and having the training in
bodily exercises and in all those experi-
ences that go to the making of a whole-
some, virile and well-balanced character,
which is so frequently the result of a
country upbringing. It would be an in-
teresting investigation to find how large
a proportion of men who have made their
mark upon their time have been country-
bred boys. With the advantages of such
surroundings, and the opportunities of
the country schools of the neighborhood,
young Corson grew up to manhood.
Versed in the large questions that were
then agitating the nation at a momentous
period of her history, it was inevitable
when the storm broke and war was de-
clared between the two sections, that,
like so many thousands of the lads of
the day, he should enlist upon the side
of his upbringing. We find him there-
fore serving in that conflict as clerk to
his brother, Richard R. Corson, who was
quartermaster under General Gregg in
the Fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers. In December, 1865, at the con-
clusion of his military service, John Ja-
cobs Corson came to Norristown, Penn-
sylvania, and there took up his residence
in the house at the corner of Cherry and
Main streets, which he made his home
until his death.

Here he entered into the real estate
business, and soon won the recognition
of the community as an able financier
and an acute and upright business man.
His ability and practical sagacity soon

448

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

placed him among the leaders of the
town, and it was not long before he be-
came one of the most prominent citizens.
He made himself so expert in all matters
of real estate and conveyancing, that his
judgment was almost never at fault. He
was for a time secretary of the Times
Publishing Company. He was one of
the founders of Montgomery Trust Com-
pany, and was one of the directors of the
company from its incorporation in April,
1884, until the time of his death. He was
also, when he died, the last of the charter
members of the corporation. Mr. Cor-
son was also interested in the building
associatioHS and other financial institu-
tions of the borough of Norristown. He
was a generous and public-spirited citi-
zen, giving to objects and men who
needed his help, but never foolishly or
for ostentation. Though a Quaker by de-
scent Mr. Corson had never allied him-
self with any of the religious bodies. He
was a member of the Order of the
Knights of Friendship, and for a time
of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows.

Mr. Corson married, April 8, 1872, Re-
becca, daughter of Henry and Ellen
(Pawling) Freedley, and great-grand-
daughter of Joseph Heister, a former
governor of Pennsylvania. Their chil-
dren were: i. Ellen (M.D.), married
Evans W. White. 2. Susan R. (M.D.).
3. Alice, an artist, married Kenneth S.
Patton. 4 Jay, married Eleanor Yaekle.
5. Harry, married Lois Alker. 6. Paula,
married Paul March. 7. Charles Russell,
graduate of the University of Pennsyl-
vania. 8. Dorothy.

GRAHAM, Harry Lee,

Itawyer, Public Official.

Graham is an honored name in Butler,
Pennsylvania, and one that has ever been
foremost in the history of that city and
county. The village was inspired and

settlement begun on land donated by a
Graham, while the farm, on which Harry
Lee Graham first saw the light of day,
was patented by the government to a
Graham in 1797, and is still owned in
the Graham name.

Harry Lee Graham is a son of the
late Thomas Graham, of Concord town-
ship, Butler county, one of the most pro-
gressive, enterprising and prosperous
farmers of the county. His farm in Con-
cord was very fertile and well tilled,
bearing every proof of the thrift and
prosperity of its owner. Thomas Graham
married Nancy Borland, born in But-
ler county, also of a leading Butler
county family. He died September 6,
1912.

Harry Lee, son of Thomas and Nancy
(Borland) Graham, was born on the
Graham homestead in Concord township,
August 5, 1870. He attended the pub-
lic schools, finishing his preparatory edu-
cation at North Washington and West
Sunbury (Pennsylvania) academies, being
graduated from the latter institution of
learning with the class of 1889. He then
entered the University of Wooster
(Ohio), whence he was graduated A. B.,
class of 1893, and two years later with
the degree of A. M. He then entered the
law office of S. F. Bowser, Esq., of But-
ler, continuing his studies there until
December, 1895, when he was ad-
mitted a member of the Butler county
bar.

He at once began the practice of law
in Butler, and with the exception of a
brief period has been actively engaged
in his profession until the present date
(1913). He has been admitted to prac-
tice in all State and Federal courts of
the district and holds honorable position
at the bar. His practice is large and his
clientele composed of the best class. He
is a member of the State and County Bar
associations, is a learned lawyer, a safe
counsellor and a skilful, loyal advocate of

449

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

his clients' cause. He has given much
time to the public service of his county,
served as Deputy Prothonotary in 1890
and for six years was a member of the
city Board of Auditors. A Republican
in politics, he has given his party active
and valuable support.

In 1900 he served on the county com-
mittee as secretary. In private life he
is identified with all movements tending
to advance the interests of Butler, or to
better the conditions under which her
people live. He has been a member of
the Board of Education since 1907, is at
present secretary of that board, and has
been a patent factor in increasing the efifi-
ciency of the public school system. He
is a vestryman of St. Peter's Episcopal
Church, active in parish and church work.
He is a prominent member of the Illus-
trious Order Knights of Malta and of
the Grand Commandery of Pennsylvania ;
is also a member of Temple Lodge, Inde-
pendent Order of Odd Fellows; Clement
Encampment of the same order; Knights
of the Maccabees ; Keystone Camp, No.
8, Woodmen of the World ; and other
fraternal and beneficial orders. His club
is the University of Wooster Club of
Butler, of which he is a charter member.
He was also a prime mover and is a
charter member of the University Club
of Butler, Pennsylvania, being one of its
present board of directors, or governors.

Mr. Graham married, October 10, 1900,
Julia Stephenson Creigh, daughter of
William F. and Martha (Wishart)
Creigh, of Washington county, Pennsyl-
vania (both deceased). She is the grand-
daughter of Dr. Alfred Creigh, for many
years a leading physician and a promi-
nent citizen of Washington county. Mr.
and Mrs. Graham have a son, Harry Lee
Jr.

The family home is at No. 223 Cecelia
street, while Mr. Graham conducts his
law business at his office in the Butler
County National Bank Building.

FETTEROLF, Adam H.,

Frominent Educator.

The late Dr. Adam H. Fetterolf, A.M.,
Ph.D., LL.D., who takes rank among
our leading educators, was for nearly
thirty years president of Girard College,
an institution which is known to be the
greatest individual charity on this Con-
tinent.

He was born at Perkiomen, Mont-
gomery county, Pennsylvania, November
24, 1841, and was descended from a
long line of Dutch and Swiss ancestry.
His parents were Gideon and Elizabeth
Fetterolf, the latter being a daughter of
Valentine Hunsicker, who emigrated
from Switzerland to America in 1717. This
man's son Henry, and later his grand-
son George, were bishops in the Men-
nonite church.

Dr. Fetterolf's boyhood was spent on
his father's farm. There was nothing
remarkable about the personality of the
boy during these early years — nothing
to indicate especial ability along the
lines by which his career later shaped
itself, but he possessed the qualities that
always win. "He was most patient, per-
severing and diligent" was the way in
which an old teacher summed up his boy-
hood character. He first attended school
about the time Pennsylvania adopted a
free educational system. In 1855 his
father moved to Collegeville. Here he
received instruction at Freeland Semi-
nary, paying for his tuition by teaching
in the public school and doing other
work. This he alternated with study
until he had mastered Latin, Greek and
tnathematics as well as other common
branches. When twenty years old he
was appointed Professor of Mathematics
at the seminary, an unusual honor for
one so young.

It was known to only a few of his in-
timate friends that at the time of Lee's
invasion of Pennsylvania Dr. Fetterolf,.

450

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

then a young man of twenty-three, en-
listed and served as a private in Com-
pany C, 34th Regiment Pennsylvania
Volunteers. After this short interrup-
tion he resumed his work as teacher, be-
coming principal of Freeland Seminary
and conducting his work there with great
success. Later he was associated with
the Rev. Dr. Wells in the ownership and
management of Andalusia College, in
Bucks county, until the death of the lat-
ter in 1871. He then assumed full
charge and continued as president until
1880. At this time the Board of City
Trusts of Philadelphia elected him vice-
president of Girard College. Dr. Wil-
liam H. Allen was president at this time,
but upon his death, in 1882, Dr. Fetterolf
became his successor.

Well-defined qualities of a high order
are required for the government of an in-
stitution like Girard College. The presi-
dent must stand in place of father to
nearly two thousand orphan boys. He
must have great executive ability in or-
der to discipline firmly and tactfully, and
to wisely lay the foundation of the fu-
tures of so many. He demonstrated that
he was eminently fitted for his work. He
possessed the charm of a genial, quiet,
well-balanced character, pleasing ad-
dress, an impressive presence and that
subtle faculty that wins the confidence
and respect of boys. His ideas as a
teacher were progressive and always
created a spirit of interest and enthusi-
asm among his students. While trained
as a teacher. Dr. Fetterolf was neither a
narrow-minded pedagog nor a self-
opinionated doctrinaire. He was a man
of wide reading and extensive acquaint-
ance with men who do things, and he
possessed a keen perception of the place
which Girard College might occupy as a
school and a home. He gave himself
fully to those committed to his charge,
attending not only to their material

needs, but never failing them as coun-
sellor and friend.

His ability in the field of education was
widely known and from time to time
was given public recognition. Lafayette
College conferred upon him the degrees
of A.M. and Ph.D., while Delaware Col-
lege honored him as LL.D. In 1887
Governor Beaver made him one of a
board of five state commissioners ap-
pointed to inquire into industrial educa-
tion. He was a member of the Histori-
cal Society of Pennsylvania, the Amer-
ican Academy of Political and Social Sci-
ence, and the Art, City, Geographical
and Contemporary clubs. He was also
a trustee of Ursinus College.

In 1909, owing to his exacting duties.
Dr. Fetterolf's health began to fail. His
physicians advised a year's rest, but
rather than leave the college so long
without a head, he tendered his resigna-
tion to the Board which had elected him,
requesting that it might take effect the
following January, 1910. Unavailing ef-
forts were made to induce him to recon-
sider his decision. In resigning he said,
"Our aim has been to keep abreast of the
times; to take up a new idea not because
it is new, but because it is good ; and to
abandon old methods and systems not
because they are old, but because they
are no longer the best. We believe in
steady progress rather than in hasty re-
form." Replying to this letter, the Board
of City Trusts accepted his resignation
with regret and with the assurance of
warm personal regard and high appreci-
ation of his services. After his retire-
ment he was a frequent visitor to the
educational and philanthropic institu-
tions in which he was interested, though
the condition of his health forbade his
being active in social life. He died after
a short illness, December i, 1912.

Dr. Fetterolf was twice married. His
first wife was a daughter of George

451

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Hergesheimer, of Germantown. She
died leaving two sons. In 1883 he mar-
ried Laura M. Mangam, daughter of a
prominent New York merchant. At his
death he was survived by his widow and
two sons, Dr. George, a physician, and
Edwin H., architect, both graduates of
the University of Pennsylvania.

Dr. Fetterolf was an example of a
high type of manhood and of citizen-
ship, and he strove at all times with all
the means at his command to inculcate
high principles and noble resolves. As
a benefactor to his country and his peo-
ple, he filled an important place, and, as
is the case with all such individuals who
spend their powers in uplifting others,
his influence is and will continue to be a
power for good. Perhaps no more beau-
tiful tribute could be paid to his charac-
ter than that contained in the resolu-
tions sent to him by the Girard Alumni
at the time of his resignation, which we
publish herewith :

"Whereas, Dr. Adam H. Fetterolf has re-
cently retired from the Presidency of Girard
College, after a tenure of office covering a period
of nearly thirty years, during which time he has
devoted himself untiringly to the best interests of
that institution, and whereas, as former pupils of
the college, we are desirous of expressing our ap-
preciation of the great work so grandly carried
on by Dr. Fetterolf during his encumbency of the
Presidency, and our profound gratitude for the
years of wise counsel and watchful care exer-
cised over us by him ; now, therefore, be it re-
solved, that we convey to Dr. Fetterolf an ex-
pression of our admiration for the wonderful re-
sults attained by him during his many years in
office ; our appreciation — shared by thousands of
Girard boys throughout the country — of the
kindly interest manifested by him in each and
every one of us ; and our feeling of lasting grati-
tude to him for teaching us by his own day to
day living, that which constitutes the highest type
of a christian gentleman ; and, be it further re-
solved, that we extend to Dr. Fetterolf our heart-
iest, sincerest wishes that he may be spared for
many years to enjoy the fruits of a life service so
grandly conceived and so nobly carried out."

SCHWAB, Charles M.,

steel Magnate, Fimanoier.

Charles Michael Schwab, steel mag-
nate, financier and captain of industry,
exemplifies in his career the fact that not
only is the age of opportunity not gone,
but that with brains, industry and cour-
age greater and quicker success is now
possible than ever before. He was born
in Williamsburg, Blair county, Pennsyl-
vania, February 18, 1862. While he was
still a small boy the family removed to
Loretto, Cambria county, Pennsylvania,
where he was educated in a local school
and at St. Francis College.

His father kept one of the village
stores, and the son for a time drove a
coach between Loretto and Cresson Sta-
tion, his father having a contract for
carrying the mail. From Loretto he
went to Braddock, Pennsylvania, and
found work in a grocery store. The pat-
ronage of the store came from the work-
ers in the Edgar Thomson Steel Works
at Braddock, owned by Carnegie Broth-
ers & Company. His salary was mea-
ger and the work uncongenial, but he did
it well and willingly. The whirl and
bustle of the steel works attracted him,
and, as he had a turn for mechanics, he
longed for an opportunity to go into the
mill and become a factor in its progress
and development. He wanted to be a
civil engineer, and he sought every
means to learn about the methods and
processes in the mill. Among the cus-
tomers of the store was Captain William
R. Jones, then superintendent of the Ed-
gar Thomson Steel Works of the Car-
negie Company, whose important share
in the development of the modern steel
industry and remarkable genius as an
organizer and leader of men makes him
one of the best remembered men in the
history of steel making.

Captain Jones was impressed by the
young grocery clerk's energy and intel-

452

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ligence, and when he heard of his desire
to become connected with the mill, asked
him if he would take a job driving stakes
at a dollar a day. He would, and he
did, but not for long. Captain Jones was
unsurpassed as a judge of a man's work-
ing capacity, and soon discovered the
indications of the mechanical genius and
capacity for the management of men
which were the great factors in Mr.
Schwab's later successes. So the young
man was given new and greater respon-
sibilities month by month, cheerfully as-
suming every task assigned him, tire-
less, studious, cheerful. At each new
station he learned new details of steel
making and steel works management. In
about six months from the day he be-
gan his dollar-a-day job as a stake driver,
he was superintendent of the Edgar
Thomson Steel Works, then the fore-
most steel-making plant in existence.
In seven years he was at the head of the
engineering department of the Carnegie
Company. The great Homestead Steel
Works plant, erected under his super-
vision and in accordance with his plans,
was so arranged as to be a practically
continuous mill, so that the raw mate-
rials went in at one end and the finished
products came out at the other.

On the death of Captain Jones,
through a tragic accident in the Edgar
Thomson Steel Works, Mr. Schwab was
appointed superintendent of that plant,
and in 1892, when the Homestead Steel
Works plant was reopened after the his-
toric strike, Mr. Schwab was made sup-
erintendent of that plant also. At that
particular period the Homestead Steel
Works presented a problem in the man-
agement of men such as has seldom
pressed upon any man for solution. Mr.
Schwab proved to be a genius of organ-
ization and of administrative tact, and
his work then and afterwards was so
thorough in the management of machin-
ery and of men that in 1896 he was made

a member of the board of managers of
the Carnegie Company, and the follow-
ing year was elected its president. He
had thus at the age of thirty-four be-
come the chief executive of what was
then the greatest manufacturing corpo-
ration in America, and had attained that
place in fifteen years from a beginning
as a dollar-a-day stake driver. He had
won the place, for in all the thousands
that had entered the Carnegie employ
he had developed the best knowledge of
machinery and men. The years of his
employ had been the years when the
minds and energies of all the leaders in
the industry had been chiefly directed
towards the problem of making more
steel and better steel, and making it
faster. In the solution of this problem
it was Mr. Schwab who had achieved the
best practical results, and the presidency
of the Carnegie Company was the prize
he had gained in that competition.

As president, he made the position of
the Company stronger and stronger, and
its dominance of the steel situation more
and more complete. Smaller concerns
were combined into large concerns whose
prize and power were still of no avail as
compared with the impregnable position
in relation to raw materials, to modern
equipment and to skillful management
held by the Carnegie Company, with
Charles M. Schwab, foremost among the
world's practical steel-makers, at the
head of the corporation.

When the astute business men who had
for years been engaged in combining
rival plants in order to become success-
ful rivals of the Carnegie corporation
found how futile their endeavors were
in this direction, and realized that the
purchase of the Carnegie interests was
necessary for their success, it was Mr.
Schwab who was the intermediary be-
tween Mr. Carnegie and the other par-
ties to the bargain, and whose cogent
arguments persuaded the other negoti-

453

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ators to pay the price, which at first they
had regarded as absolutely prohibitive,
at which the Carnegie interests were of-
fered. When the consolidation was ef-
fected, Mr. Schwab, at the age of thirty-
nine, became president of the world's
greatest corporation, with an annual sal-
ary of $100,000. For this corporation
Mr. Schwab organized the most gigan-
tic working force and the most com-
plete industrial system ever put together
in the service of a private corporation.
When after three years he resigned the
presidency, he left this magnificent work-
ing organization in perfect order, and
he still retains large personal interests
in the United States Steel Corporation
and its subsidiary companies.

After leaving the presidency of that
corporation, Mr. Schwab obtained a con-
trolling interest in the Bethlehem Steel
Corporation, of which he is now presi-
dent and also chairman of the board of
directors. The Bethlehem plant, as Mr.
Schwab came to it, was the creation of
John Fritz, who from an insignificant
rail mill had built it up to one of the
most magnificent steel plants in the
world. Intrusted by Secretary W. C.
Whitney of the Navy Department with
contracts for guns and armor plates for
the new navy, it had become an estab-
lished leader in that special branch of
the industry and so continues ; but since
coming under control of Mr. Schwab it
has become no less noted for the com-
pleteness of its equipment and the ex-
cellence of its output in rails, structural
steel, forgings, castings, gas engines,
power machinery, tool steel, bar steel
and iron, special alloy, crucible steel, and
other branches of the industry. It is
conducted on entirely independent lines
and is notably successful.

Mr. Schwab is a director of the Car-
negie Steel Company, the H. C. Frick
Coke Company, American Locomotive
Company, National Tube Company,

Bethlehem Steel Corporation, National
Tube Works Company, Minnesota Iron
Company, Empire Trust Company, Chi-
cago Pneumatic Tool Company, Elgin,
Joliet and Eastern Railway Company,
Tonopah Extension Mining Company,
Lehigh Valley Transit Company and
other corporations.

He has generously given out of his
fortune to various benevolent objects.
Loretto, the home of his boyhood, has al-
ways been held by him in affectionate
remembrance, and there he has built a
magnificent Catholic church, and a con-
vent house at Cresson, Pennsylvania ;
and, remembering the abominable road
over which he used to drive stage in his
boyhood, he had a first-class highway
constructed between the two places
which represents the most improved ideas
of modern road-making. He has given
a church to Braddock, Pennsylvania, has
built and equipped an industrial school
at Homestead, Pennsylvania, a school at
Weatherly, Pennsylvania, an auditorium
at State College, Pennsylvania, a recre-
ation park and school for children at
Staten Island, besides other benefactions
which never got into print. He has a
residence in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, a
summer home in Loretto, Pennsylvania,
and a city home in New York which is
one of the most magnificent triumphs of
architecture in America, and occupies the
most desirable location on the far-famed
Riverside Drive.

He married, at Loretto, Pennsylvania,
in 1883, Emma Dinkey.

ELKINS, William Mclntyre,
Man of Iiarge Affairs.

The Elkins family of Philadelphia and
Virginia are of old Colonial and Revo-
lutionary lineage. In the present they
are among the great business men of
the day, leaders in their several special
activities as they have been for genera-

454

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

tions. This biography begins with the
life of William Lukens Elkins, whose
wonderful business career is well within
the memory of the present generation.
William Lukens Elkins, seventh child
and youngest son of George and Susanna
(Howell) Elkins, was born near Wheel-
ing, West Virginia, May 2, 1832, died at
his country seat at Elkins Park, Pennsyl-
vania, November 7, 1903, and is buried
at Laurel Hill Cemetery. In 1840 he
accompanied his parents on their return
to Philadelphia, where he received his
education. In 1853, on attaining his ma-
jority, he formed a co-partnership with
Peter Sayboldt, under the firm name of
Sayboldt & Elkins, commission mer-
chants, which business later passed un-
der the control of Mr. Elkins, and was
disposed of by him at the outbreak of
the civil war. In 1863 he was attracted
to the oil regions, where already men of
brains and enterprise were reaping rich
reward in drawing from the fruitful
storehouses of nature a product even
then of high value, but destined to be-
come one of the great staples of the
world. In these regions and in con-
junction with the boldest and most suc-
cessful operators, Mr. Elkins labored for
some years, organizing many companies,
sinking many wells and producing petro-
leum in large quantities. He was quick
to perceive that the refining of oil for
illuminating purposes could be made a
profitable industry if conducted on a suf-
ficiently large scale to warrant extensive
purchases of the crude material, and its
manufacture under economical condi-
tions, and to this end he established a
plant in Philadelphia, to which he soon
added the works of several rivals, until
finally the Belmont Oil Works were
leased, and the absolute control of the
oil-refining business in Philadelphia was
secured. Mr. Elkins pushed this indus-
try in other places than Philadelphia.
At one time he owned the Riverside Oil

Refining Works on the Allegheny river,
and in 1876 he sold a half-interest in his
business to the Standard Oil Company,
disposing of his remaining interest to
them in 1880.

He then turned his attention to street
railways as an investment, embarking
largely of his capital in the stock of
Philadelphia companies. Believing that
a consolidation of these roads would lead
to better services at a reduced cost of
operation, he was instrumental in bring-
ing about the organization of the Phila-
delphia Traction Company, which em-
braced a majority of the street railways
of the city, and later of the Union Trac-
tion Company, since leased to the Rapid
Transit Company, but which at the time
of leasing embraced complete control of
all the roads. His success in the street
railway field in Philadelphia prompted
him to invest in other cities, with the
result that in a few years he became
heavily interested in the street railways
of New York, Baltimore, Pittsburgh,
Chicago and other centers of population.
He was also a leading spirit in organ-
izing the United Gas Improvement Com-
pany of Philadelphia, which giant cor-
poration controls not only the lighting
of Philadelphia, but has many more
plants for the manufacture of illuminat-
ing gas in different cities.

With such wide and well-tested ex-
perience, and after such brilliant suc-
cesses, it was quite natural that Mr. El-
kins should become known and respect-
ed in business circles, and a power in the
industrial world. Many corporations
sought to obtain his valuable services as
an officer or a member of the board of
directors, but he contented himself with
assuming duties of this character in those
with which he was identified by his own
choice.

Some years before his death he turned
his attention to real estate investments
in Philadelphia and vicinity, and in com-

455

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

pany with his esteemed friend and busi-
ness associate, Mr. P. A. B. Widener, of
Philadelphia, purchased large tracts of
land in the northern section, and erected
several thousand houses, a development
in line with the unique system of a home
for every family which obtains in Phila-
delphia, noted throughout the land as a
"City of Homes."

Mr. Elkins was deeply interested in
the advancement of art in the United
States, and instituted a prize of $5,000
for the most meritorious painting ex-
hibited by an American artist at the
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.
His own gallery was one of the finest in
Philadelphia, and contained many noted
examples of the old masters, and choice
selections from the works of leading
modern ones. In 1900 he issued in two
quarto volumes a sumptuous de luxe
catalogue of his collection containing en-
graved copies of one hundred and thirty-
two paintings.

While he ever took a keen interest in
public affairs, he never sought public of-
fice, nor did he hold such, with the ex-
ception of a seat in common councils of
Philadelphia in the Centennial year ;
aide-de-camp, with rank of colonel, on
the stafif of Governor Hartranft; and a
commissioner to represent Philadelphia
at the International Expositions at Vi-
enna in 1873 and at Paris in 1900.

He was for many years a member of
the Board of City Trusts, which body
has in charge the management of the
famous Girard Estate ; was an active pro-
moter and director of the Pennsylvania
Commercial Museums, of the National
Export Exposition in 1899, and for over
twenty years a director of the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad. He was also in the di-
rectorate of many other large corpora-
tions, among which may be named : The
Philadelphia and Erie, Schuylkill Valley,
and Fort Pitt Railroad companies ; the
Union Traction Company of Philadel-

phia, the Consolidated Traction Com-
pany of New Jersey, the Metropolitan
Traction Company of New York, the
Baltimore Traction Company, the Phila-
delphia Company of Pittsburgh, the West
Side and North Traction companies of
Chicago, the United Gas Improvement
Company of Philadelphia, the Electric
Company of America, the Electric Stor-
age Battery Company, the Continental
Tobacco Company, the American Surety
Company, the Fourth Street National
Bank of Philadelphia, the Land Title and
Trust Company and Commercial Trust
Company of Philadelphia. He was also
a member of the Fairmount Park Art
Association, Union League, Art and
Country clubs of Philadelphia, German-
town Cricket Club, Maryland Club of
Baltimore, Manhattan Club of New
York, and the Historical, Genealogical
and Colonial Societies of Pennsylvania.

Upon his death, one of the leading
newspapers of his home city thus men-
tioned him: "By the death of William
L. Elkins, Philadelphia has lost one of
its most widely known citizens. With-
out any assistance given him at the be-
ginning of his career other than that
which comes from restless energy and
the ability to perform and grasp promis-
ing opportunities for advancement, he
became one of the leading financiers of
the country and reached the front rank
in the direction of great enterprises. His
business versatility enabled him to give
personal attention to very many varied
activities, success in any one of which
would have stamped him a man of re-
markable achievement. . . . Few Amer-
icans have reached the commanding
place he occupied in the business world.
In this sphere and in the wide circle of
his devoted personal friendships he will
be missed."

Mr. Elkins was an Episcopalian, a pew-
holder in Christ Church, Philadelphia,
and a vestryman of St. Paul's, Elkins

456

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Park. He was a quiet but generous giver
to charitable and philanthropic objects,
and among his benefactions was the gift
of a liberal sum for the erection of the
present home of the Bucks County His-
torical Society at Doylestown. By his
will he made provision for the founding
of a home in Philadelphia for the or-
phans of the members of the Masonic
order, which provision became inopera-
tive under the law on account of the will
being executed within thirty days of his
death, but his family carried out his in-
tentions by erecting "The William L. El-
kins Masonic Orphanage for Girls of
Pennsylvania," at Broad Street and the
Boulevard, at a cost of several hundred
thousand dollars.

Mr. Elkins married, January 21, 1857,
Maria Louise Broomall, born August 30,
1832, daughter of James Broomall, of
Chester county, Pennsylvania, and his
wife, Rachel (Baker) Broomall. Mrs.
Elkins was descended from John Broom-
all, who came to Pennsylvania the same
year in which William Penn first arrived,
and from George Maris, many years a
member of the Pennsylvania Assembly,
and in 1693 of the Provincial Council, and
Henry Hayes, Esq., also a member of
the Assembly, and from 1717 until 1740,
one of the justices of the Courts of Ches-
ter county.

Mrs. Elkins was a member of the Phila-
delphia Chapter of the Daughters of the
American Revolution, of the Pennsylva-
nia Society of the Colonial Dames of
America and of various boards of Phila-
delphia's philanthropic and educational
institutions. She died June 6, 1910.

George W., eldest son of William Lu-
kens Elkins, was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, August 26, 1858. After
completing a liberal education he entered
upon a business career, becoming one of
Philadelphia's most active and prosper-
ous business men. Since the death of his
father he has practically withdrawn from

other business enterprises to care for im-
portant trusts that have devolved upon
him, one being the management of the
Elkins Estate, left by his father. He was
president of the Elkins Gas and Coal
Company, treasurer of the Elkins Manu-
facturing and Gas Company, and holds
directorships in the Land Title and Trust
Company, the Union Traction Company,
the Vulcanite Portland Cement Company
and other corporations. He is a member
of Harmony Lodge, No. 52, Free and Ac-
cepted Masons, of which his father was
also a member. His clubs are the Art,
Union League, Racquet, Bachelors,
Barge, Corinthian Yacht, Philadelphia
Cricket, all of Philadelphia; the Hunt-
ingdon Valley Country and the Metro-
politan of New York. Residence, Elkins
Park, Pennsylvania.

He married, November 17, 1881, Stella
E., daughter of Colonel John K. Mcln-
tyre, a leading banker and capitalist of
Dayton, Ohio, and his wife, Evaline (Von
Tuyl) Mclntyre. Mrs. Stella E. Elkins
is a member of the Acorn Club, Philadel-
phia ; Philadelphia Chapter, Daughters of
the American Revolution, and other
leading social and philanthropic societies.
Children: i. William Mclntyre, men-
tioned below. 2. Stella Von Tuyl, born
March 16, 1884; married George Fred-
erick, son of Sidney Frederick Tyler and
his first wife ; he was a graduate at Har-
vard University, class of 1905, now en-
gaged in the banking business ; he is a
member of the Philadelphia, Racquet.
Philadelphia Cricket, Harvard and other
clubs ; children : Sidney, Frederick, Molly
Elkins Tyler. 3. George W., born March
3, 1886; now engaged in extensive farm-
ing operations ; he is a member of the
Union League and Racquet clubs of
Philadelphia and of the Huntingdon Val-
ley Country Club ; he married Natalie C,
daughter of Caleb F. Fox; child, Stella E.
Elkins. 4. Louise Broomall, born April

457

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

12, 1890; married Wharton, son of Dr.
Wharton Sinkler.

William Mclntyre, eldest son of George
W. Elkins, was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, November 3, 1882. He was
graduated at Harvard University, class of
1905. He at once entered business life
and is a member of Elkins, Morris &
Company, bankers and brokers, Land,
Title and Trust Building, Philadelphia.
His clubs are the Union League, Mark-
ham, Racquet, Harvard and the Hunting-
don Valley Country. He married Eliza-
beth Wolcott, daughter of Bayard and
Anna (Cotton) Tuckerman, of Boston,
Massachusetts ; children : William Luk-
ens, Elizabeth Wolcott, George W.

HUNT, Azor R.,

Prominent in Steel Industry.

The greatness of Pittsburgh is the
natural result of an unsurpassed citizen-
ship— a citizenship largely composed of
men in whom the initiative spirit is a
strong and dominant element, and who,
in directing business affairs of mammoth
proportions and importance, contribute to
the development and upbuilding of the
city. Prominent among these "captains
of industry" stands Azor R. Hunt, gen-
eral superintendent of the Homestead
Steel Works of the Carnegie Steel Com-
pany. Mr. Hunt has been, for a quarter
of a century, actively associated with the
leading interests of the Pittsburgh dis-
trict.

Azor R. Hunt was born August 22,
1848, in Mahoning, Ohio, a son of Horace
and Galatea (Ruggles) Hunt, whose an-
cestors migrated from Connecticut to the
Western Reserve. The boy was educated
in the public schools of his native place,
and at the age of twenty went to War-
ren, Ohio, where he apprenticed himself
to the Warren Machine Company. De-
voting himself assiduously to the mastery
of every detail of the business, he became

so thoroughly familiar with it that he was
appointed travelling salesman and super-
intendent of construction, positions
which, for several years, he filled most
creditably.

In 1887 Mr. Hunt was made night fore-
man of the structural department of the
Homestead Steel Works of the Carnegie
Company, a position involving great re-
sponsibility, arduous labor and complete
knowledge of the business. The knowl-
edge he possessed, his industry and abil-
ity, were equal to the labor, and these
combined enabled him to discharge the
responsibilities and led to his rapid and
steady advancement. Within six months
he became assistant to the superintendent
of construction at the thirty-two-inch
mill, and upon the completion of that
mill was made a roller, in which capacity
he worked for three years. When Thomas
Morrison was sent to Duquesne, Mr.
Hunt was made superintendent of the
thirty-two-inch mill at Homestead, and
in April, 1894, was advanced to the posi-
tion of superintendent of the plate de-
partment, comprising the one hundred
and nineteen thirty-two-inch mills, the
forty-eight-inch universal, the one hun-
dred and twenty-eight-inch plate, the
forty-two-inch universal and the thirty-
inch slabbing mills. His success secured
for him the superintendency of the Du-
quesne Steel Works, and when A. C. Din-
key was made president of the Carnegie
Company, Mr. Hunt succeeded him at
Homestead. This is one of the most im-
portant positions within the gift of the
Carnegie Company, but Mr. Hunt pos-
sesses in large measure that intense en-
ergy which vitalizes all with which it
comes in contact, and this, united with
rare business ability, has enabled him to
discharge with the utmost efficiency the
duties of his commanding office. He is
a director of the Carnegie Steel Company,
of the First National Bank of Homestead,

458

Cy^y-it-^ -^ /^iC^ -vWV

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

and director and vice-president of the
Monongahela Trust Company.

In politics Mr. Hunt is a Republican,
and though he has never consented to
hold office he has nevertheless been some-
what active in political circles, ever giv-
ing loyal support to measures calculated
to benefit the city and promote its rapid
and substantial development. Widely but
unostentatiously charitable, no good work
done in the name of philanthropy or re-
ligion seeks his cooperation in vain. He
belongs to several fraternal organizations,
and is a thirty-third degree Mason. He
is an adherent of the Episcopal church,
and a member of the Duquesne Club,
American Iron and Steel Institute, and
Carnegie Veterans Association.

In regard to Mr. Hunt's personal ap-
pearance it is sufficient to say that he
looks the man he is — alert, aggressive,
intensely energetic, with a clear, piercing
eye, strong, finely-cut features and a bear-
ing indicative of the sturdy will which,
in conjunction with sterling integrity, has
formed the basis of his success. He is,
moreover, endowed with those personal
qualities which wfn friends easily and
hold them long.

Mr. Hunt married Emma J. Christianar,
daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Chris-
tianar, of Warren, Ohio, and they are the
parents of three children : Harry C. ; Flor-
ence A., who married Alfred C. Howell,
of Cincinnati, Ohio; and Frederick L.
Mrs. Hunt, a woman of rare wifely quali-
ties, is admirably fitted by her excellent
practical mind to be a helpmate to her
husband in his ambitions and aspirations.
The family residence is one of the most
attractive at Homestead.

Despite the fact that Azor R. Hunt is
a Pittsburgher by adoption, no one born
within the limits of the Iron City is more
thoroughly imbued with her spirit. He
is emphatically a doer, expressing him-
self in deeds rather than words. He has
always been too busy to talk about his

achievements, but they speak for him
with an eloquence not to be misunder-
stood.

REEDER, General Frank,

Soldier, Lawyer, Public Official.

The penning of the narrative that fol-
lows comes to the writer as a pleasant
task, for he was a comrade-in-arms with
General Frank Reeder in the Civil War
operations on the Mississippi river, and
was intimately acquainted with the his-
tory of the illustrious sire of General
Reeder, Governor Andrew H. Reeder.

The Reeder family was of early ap-
pearance in America, and was planted by
John Reeder, who came from Norfolk,
England, previous to 1656, and settled in
Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1656, and
settled in Newtown, Long Island, in 1662.
His son, John, located in Ewing, New Jer-
sey, and married Hannah, daughter of
Jeremiah Burroughs. Their son, Isaac,
purchased a farm upon which he lived
and which is yet in the possession of his
descendants. By his second marriage,
with Joanna Hunt, Isaac Reeder became
the father of John, who married Hannah
Mershon (Marchand) afterwards cor-
rupted in spelling to its present form. Of
the latter marriage was born Absalom
Reeder, who made his home in Easton,
Pennsylvania, where (October 16, 1788)
he married Christiana Smith, and they be-
came the parents of Governor Andrew H.
Reeder, who bore so mighty a part in the
preservation of Kansas to freedom.

Andrew Horatio Reeder was born at
Easton, Pennsylvania, July 12, 1807. Be-
ginning his education in the public
schools of his native place, he graduated
with honor from the Lawrenceville (New
Jersey) Academy. He read law under
the preceptorship of Hon. Peter Ihrie, a
distinguished attorney of Easton, and pn
attaining his majority was admitted to the
bar of Northampton county, Pennsylva-

459

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

nia. He took high rank in his profes-
sion, and was for some years associated
in practice with Henry Green (afterwards
chief justice of Pennsylvania) in the law
firm of Reeder & Green.

Governor Reeder's fame, however, rests
upon his splendid services in behalf of
free soil and free speech in the crucial
days of the Civil War. From his early
days a Democrat of the Jeffersonian
school, he took a deep interest in politi-
cal afifairs, and his masterly oratory soon
brought him into favorable notice. In
1854 President Pierce appointed him the
first governor of Kansas, then a territory,
and he at once sprang into world-wide no-
tice. The conflict for the possession of
Kansas between the two conflicting
classes of emigrants, the free-soilers from
the east, and the slavery extensionists
from the south, is a thrilling chapter in
itself. There is only space here to epito-
mize the part taken by Governor Reeder.
At the first election the free-soilers were
driven from the polls by the pro-slavery-
ites, who went through the farce of elect-
ing a legislature. A demand was made
upon Governor Reeder to sign the certifi-
cate of the members so chosen, and on his
declining to do so he was informed : "We
will give you fifteen minutes to sign, re-
sign, or be hanged." His stern integrity
and unflinching courage were shown in
this instant reply: "Gentlemen, I need
no fifteen minutes. My mind is made up.
I shall hang." His boldness saved him
for the time. Soon afterwards came a
congressional committee of investigation,
to whom Governor Reeder fearlessly ex-
posed the act and plans of the border
ruffians. The president removed Gov-
ernor Reeder, appointing in his stead ex-
Governor Shannon, of Ohio, who at once
avowed himself an ally of the slavery
party. Thereupon the free-soilers pro-
tested against Whitfield, fraudulently
elected as a delegate in Congress, and
elected Reeder. This would necessitate a

contest before that body, to determine be-
tween the two, and the border ruffians de-
termined to solve the difficulty by put-
ting Reeder out of the way. He evaded
an armed regiment of border ruffians, and
made his way by night to Kansas City,
where friends concealed him for two
weeks, feeding him secretly, while his
enemies picketed every road and guarded
the steamboat landing in order to effect
his capture. Finally, in the disguise of an
Irish laborer, he made his way to a point
down river where (by prearrangement)
he was taken aboard a steamboat and ul-
timately reached Alton, Illinois. On his
way home he stopped in Chicago, Detroit
and other cities, in each of which he made
eloquent appeals to the lovers of free-
dom, who in response flocked to Kansas
by thousands as actual homemakers, and
who at the first fair election adopted a
free-state constitution and created a free
state. Among those who were thus in-
fluenced by Governor Reeder were many
Philadelphia and Chester county people,
among them Colonel Kersey Coates.
Colonel Coates became one of those who
made Kansas City, Missouri, a great mer-
cantile center, and he placed in his pala-
tial hotel there, the Coates House, in trib-
ute to his friend, a splendid oil portrait
of Governor Reeder after a photograph
made after his reaching Chicago, repre-
senting him in the disguise in which he
had made his escape, a hickory shirt, blue
overalls, heavy brogans and slouch hat,
with pickaxe, and smoking a short clay
pipe.

At Easton, Governor Reeder resumed
the practice of law, and continued therein
until his death, July 5, 1864. In i860, in
the National Republican Convention
which nominated Lincoln, Governor
Reeder was third in the list of candidates
for the vice-presidential nomination. At
the outbreak of the Civil War President
Lincoln tendered him a commission as
brigadier-general, but he declined, feeling

460

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

his inability to undergo the rigors of cam-
paigning.

He was married, September 13, 1831,
to Fredericka Amalia, daughter of Colo-
nel Christian Jacob Hutter. She was a
woman of as marked character as him-
self, and with Spartan courage endured
awful mental anguish while her husband
was imperiled in Kansas. During the
Civil War period she labored incessantly
and efficiently as president of the Eastern
Sanitary Aid Society. She was the mother
of five children :

1. Ida Titus, born May 22, 1837, who
became the wife of William Wallace
Marsh, a lawyer of Schooley's Mountain,
New Jersey.

2. George Marchand, born October 26,
1839, who during the Civil War was cap-
tain in the First Regiment, Kansas In-
fantry Volunteers, was afterward editor
and publisher of the "Easton Daily Ex-
press," and died December 12, 1884.

3. Emma Hutter, born March 25, 1841,
died May 12, 1865 ; married, May 14, 1861,
J. Charles Ferriday, of Concordia Parish,
Louisiana.

4. Howard James, born December 11,
1843, who graduated from Princeton Col-
lege in 1863, and subsequently from the
Harvard Law School. During the Civil
War he was lieutenant in the First Regi-
ment United States Infantry and captain
in the 153d Regiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers. He was judge of the Court of
Common Pleas, Third Judicial District of
Pennsylvania, in 1881-82, and 1884-94, and
judge of the Superior Court of Pennsyl-
vania from 1895 until his death, Decem-
ber 28, 1898. He was married, May 7,
1867, to Helen Burke, of Easton.

5. Frank Reeder, youngest son of Gov-
ernor Andrew H. and Fredericka Amalia
(Hutter) Reeder, was born in Easton,
Pennsylvania, May 22, 1845, died at Eas-
ton, December 7, 1912. He was educated
in the Lawrenceville (New Jersey) Acad-
emy, Edgehill school, at Princeton, New

Jersey, and at Princeton College, from
which he received the degrees of A.B. and
A.M. His progress had been so rapid
that he entered the sophomore class at
Princeton at the age of fifteen years. In
1862, while a senior, at the age of seven-
teen years, he patriotically responded to
Lincoln's call for troops, and enlisted as
a private in the Fifth Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Infantry Volunteers. In October
of the same year he re-enlisted in the
174th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers,
and in November, 1862, was promoted to
the rank of first lieutenant and adjutant,
and subsequently as acting assistant ad-
jutant-general to General Peck and Gen-
eral Vogdes, and participated with the
Tenth and Eighteenth Army Corps in the
campaigns in Eastern Virginia and North
Carolina, and in the operations against
Charleston, South Carolina, under Gen-
eral Foster. On the expiration of his
term of service he recruited a company
for the 19th Regiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteer Cavalry, of which he was commis-
sioned captain, in October, 1863. During
a portion of his services he served as
judge-advocate on the staflf of General
Grierson, and acting as assistant adjutant-
general of the Seventh Division, Wilson's
Cavalry Corps. He participated in nu-
merous stirring campaigns and noted
battles, and with conspicuous gallantry.
His command was engaged in the opera-
tions in the vicinity of Vicksburg, Missis-
sippi, and then moved west of the Mis-
sissippi river, where it fought the army
of General Sterling Price, at Marion,
Greensboro, Pilot Knob, Osage and Big
Blue River. It followed the Confederate
General Hood into Tennessee, and made
repeated charges upon his flank while he
was reaching towards Nashville ; and in
the desperate two days' battle at that
place, in which General Hood's army was
hopelessly disorganized, he had three
horses shot under him. In the battle of
Hollow Tree Gap, near Franklin, he was

461

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

wounded. He was also wounded at the
battle of Nashville, Tennessee, December
17, 1864. For his gallant conduct on the
field and in these affairs he was brevetted
major and lieutenant-colonel for "conspic-
uous gallantry" by the authority of the
Secretary of War, his commissions bear-
ing the presidential signature. January
26, 1865, he was relieved from staff duty,
having been commissioned lieutenant-colo-
nel, and by virtue of his rank he assumed
command of his regiment. In February,
1865, he embarked his regiment at East-
port, Tennessee, and participated in the
siege of Mobile. After the surrender of
General Dick Taylor, he was orderd to
the Red River, to operate against General
Kirby Smith. Following the surrender
of the Confederate forces in Texas, the
Civil War now being ended. Colonel
Reeder was stationed on the line of the
Rio Grande, with the army of observa-
tion placed there to aid in the defeat of
the French purpose to establish in Mexico
an empire under Maximilian. This crisis
was soon passed, and Colonel Reeder
brought his regiment to Philadelphia,
where it was mustered out of service,
June 13, 1866.

With this brilliant military record, and
being risen from the ranks to the com-
mand of a regiment, Colonel Reeder was
now but a month beyond the legal age of
manhood. To complete his military rec-
ord, although out of chronological se-
quence, it may be here noted that his sol-
dierly qualities led to his appointment, in
1874, as brigadier-general in the Pennsyl-
vania National Guard, and he was as-
signed to the command of the Fifth Bri-
gade Second Division. In 1877 he had
command of the militia and performed ex-
cellent service in quelling the riots in
Reading and Allentown, and he was thor-
oughly efficient at Harrisburg in the fol-
lowing year, and resigned his commission
in 1881.

On his return to civil life at the close of

the war General Reeder entered upon the
study of law at Albany, New York, and
he received the degree of LL.B. (1868).
He was admitted to the bar in 1868, and
was engaged in his profession in New
York City, being associated for a time
with General Chester A. Arthur, after-
wards President of the United States. In
the fall of 1870 he returned to Easton,
Pennsylvania, and became the law part-
ner of his brother, Hon. Howard J. Reed-
er, and from then until his death was
busily occupied in his profession, in which
he gained an honorable distinction. From
1873 to 1876 he was collector of internal
revenue for the Eleventh District of Penn-
sylvania, being appointed by President
U. S. Grant. He was called to various
important positions in the service of the
state. He attended as a delegate the Re-
publican National Conventions of 1888-
1892-1896 and 1900. In 1892 he was a
delegate-at-large to the Republican Na-
tional Convention. In 1891 he was placed
on the Republican ticket as a delegate-at-
large for the proposed constitutional con-
vention of that year, and at the same time
he took charge of the Republican cam-
paign in the absence of Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor Watres, state chairman, who was
then presiding at a special session of the
senate. The following year, 1892, General
Reeder filled the position of state chair-
man and gave one of the most satisfactory
administrations of the party's affairs that
had up to that time been known. He was
also chairman of the Republican State
Committee, 1 899-1 900-1 901. In 1895 he
was appointed secretary of the common-
wealth by Governor Daniel H. Hastings,
and that important position General
Reeder held until his resignation in Sep-
tember, 1897. In 1900 he was appointed
Commissioner of Banking, resigning from
that position in May, 1903. A Republican
in politics, he was an acknowledged leader
in party affairs and wielded a potent in-
fluence.

462

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

General Reeder married at Boston,
Massachusetts, October 21, 1868, Grace
E. Thompson, a native of that city, born
June 17, 1848. Three children have been
born to this union: i. Andrew^ Horatio,
born September 9, 1869; a graduate of
Lafayette College, class of 1890; for sev-
eral years was engaged in civil engineer-
ing in West Virginia, and in the fuel and
mine department of the Canadian Pacific
Railroad in British Columbia, but is now
vice-president and general manager of the
Stonega Coke & Coal Company, of Big
Stone Gap, Virginia; he married Esther,
daughter of Dr. Leighton W. Eckard,
and they are the parents of two children,
Andrew H. and Elizabeth Bayard. 2.
Frank, born May 4, 1880 ; graduated from
Lafayette College in the class of 1901 ; ad-
mitted to the practice of law, February 13,
1905, and associated with Frank Reeder
as junior partner of the law firm of
Reeder & Reeder from November i, 1912,
until the death of his father; married
Sara F., daughter of William A. Seitz, of
Easton, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1909;
issue: Gwendolyn Francis, born May 16,
1910. 3. Douglass Wyman, born August
25, 1883 ; attended Lafayette College, in
the class of 1905, and is now assistant
branch manager of the Indianapolis, Indi-
ana, branch of the B. F. Goodrich Com-
pany.

BRUMBAUGH. Martin G.,

Diatingnislied Educator.

The men of this solid German family
seemed predestined to the widely sepa-
rated activities, agricultural or profes-
sional pursuits. While the ministry has
called several of them to the pulpits of
the Brethren Church, pedagogy has also
been a favored profession. The American
founder, Jacob Brumbaugh, came from
Germany in 1750, settling in Berks
county, Pennsylvania, later moving to
Huntington county. Since Jacob, the

emigrant, successive generations have
been substantial farmers and land own-
ers, also furnishing to the church of the
Brethren several influential, useful min-
isters.

Martin Grove Brumbaugh is the son
of Rev. George B. and Martha Grove
Brumbaugh, the former a well-known
minister of the Gospel, connected with
the church of the Brethren, a man of
scholarly attainments, high character and
useful life. Martin Grove was born at
the old Juniata Valley homestead, April
14, 1862. His early education was ob-
tained in the public school during a few
months of each winter term, supple-
mented by self-study and preparatory
work. He was determined to secure a
college education and finally was suffi-
ciently advanced to enter Juniata Col-
lege. As he advanced in learning, his
boyhood ambition to become a teacher
was strengthened. To this end, after
leaving Juniata, he entered the State
Normal School at Millersville, there tak-
ing the most advanced work in pedagogy.
Having absorbed all the advantages there
offered, he entered Harvard University,
following his studies there with courses
at the University of Pennsylvania. He
had specialized in his chosen profession
at all these institutions, covered the most
advanced work, and was thoroughly fur-
nished to enter upon the actual work for
which he had so completely prepared.
His course of preparation had been fol-
lowed by those with the welfare of edu-
cational institutions upon their hearts,
and in 1894 he was offered the presi-
dency of his alma mater, Juniata College.
He only occupied this position in resi-
dence one year, but continued to act as
president fifteen years. In that time he
accomplished much, succeeding in raising
its standard of efficiency, injecting new
ideas, and giving a fresh impulse to every
department of the college.

In 1895 he returned to Philadelphia to

463

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

accept the chair of Pedagogy at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania. This new po-
sition was created for him. For five
years he ably filled that position, infus-
ing a spirit of vigor and enthusiasm into
his department that was truly remark-
able, and gained him the commendation
of those responsible for the welfare of
the university. His fame as an educator
was firmly established, his writings, lec-
tures and successes were well known,
therefore, when the results of the Span-
ish war compelled the United States to
acquire the Island of Porto Rico and es-
tablish an educational system, Dr. Brum-
baugh was appointed the first United
States Commissioner of Education. He
spent two years in Porto Rico, and es-
tablished a system of public schools on
the American plan, introducing his own
most advanced educational theories of in-
struction and method. He was also a
member of the Senate, the Superior
Board of Health, and president of the
Free Library. His work done on the
island, and well done, he returned in
1902 to the chair of Pedagogy at the
University of Pennsylvania, where he
continued his valuable work until 1906,
when he was elected Superintendent of
Public Instruction for the city of Phila-
delphia. This position he has ably filled,
and improved conditions have followed
Dr. Brumbaugh's incumbency of this of-
fice to which he has brought the close,
special study of a lifetime.

His fame as an educator is national ;
he has lectured before teachers' institutes
in almost every State in the Union, in-
troducing new and practical ideas that
have resulted in a great advance in edu-
cational methods. In the State of Louisi-
ana he organized teachers' institutes for
the first time, with most satisfactory re-
sults. No less well known is he as an
author of educational, historical, relig-
ious and scientific works, beginning in
1893 with Juniata Bible Lectures, fol-

lowed in 1897 in collaboration with J. S.
Walton by "Stories of Pennsylvania." In
1898 he published his pamphlet, "An
Educational Struggle in Colonial Penn-
sylvania" ; in 1899, "A History of the
Brethen" was published. The same year
he issued his "Standard Readers" in five
volumes, and also a primer, in joint
authorship with A. H. Hall; in 1899 fol-
lowed "The Pennsylvania German"; in
1900 a pamphlet, "Educational Principles
Applied to the Teaching of Literature";
and the same year he privately printed
"The Two Christopher Sowers." The
same year he published, "Rose Day Ad-
dress at Manheim, and Liberty Bell Leaf-
lets." "An Educational Setting of Steph-
en Girard's Benefaction," an address in
the Chapel of Girard College, May 20,
1902, was published soon afterward. In
1903 he issued the pamphlet, "Why
Women Teach," and in 1904, "Nature as
Educator," the latter published by the
George School of Newtown. In 1904
the Philadelphia Ethical Society pub-
lished his "Need and Scope of Moral
Training of the Young," and in 1905,
"The Making of a Teacher" was pub-
lished by the "Philadelphia Sunday
School Times." In 1907 he prepared a
pamphlet on "Moral Training of the
Young," and also a historical wall map
showing the Dunker congregations of
Colonial Pennsylvania. In 1898 Lippin-
cott published his "Life and Works of
Christopher Dock," and the same year he
was one of the four authors of the vol-
ume, "Training the Teacher," published
by the "Philadelphia Sunday School
Times." He is the editor of the Lippin-
cott educational series, and of Middle-
dyk's "History of Porto Rico," published
by Appleton, 1903, and wrote the intro-
duction to Corson's "Life of Longfel-
low," and the introduction to Weber's
"Charity School Movement." He has
also rendered valuable service to educa-
tional societies and commissions and to

464

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the other scientific and historical socie- SIMON, John Bernard,

ties of which he is a member, including
the American Philosophical Society, the
Pennsylvania School Code Commission,
the College and University Council of
Pennsylvania, the National Educational
Association, the Natio'nal Council of Edu-
cation, the National Society for Scien-
tific Study of Education, the Modern
Language Association of America, the
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and
many others devoted to education, his-
tory and science. He was formerly a
trustee of the Free Museums of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania ; a trustee of the
Commercial Museums of Philadelphia;
and president of the Playground Asso-
ciation of Philadelphia. His college fra-
ternity is Phi Beta Kappa ; his social
clubs the Franklin Inn, the University,
and the Five o'Clock. Dr. Brumbaugh
won his Master of Arts degree at the
University of Pennsylvania, 1893, the
University conferring Doctor of Philos-
ophy in the course of the following year.
The honorary degree of LL.D has been
conferred upon him three times.

Thoroughly trained as he is in the sci-
ence of pedagogy, with a practical ex-
perience as instructor, and possessing to
a high degree the qualities of an organ-
izer and an executive. Doctor Brum-
baugh's rule over Philadelphia's public
school system has been extremely bene-
ficial. He has won the confidence of the
city's governing body and the loyal sup-
port of the teachers employed, without
which his hands would be in a measure
tied. Surely with such a man to guide
and with such support, the future of the
public schools of Philadelphia looks ex-
ceedingly bright.

He was married, in 1885, to Anna
Konigmacher, of Ephrata, Pennsylvania,
and to this union two children have been
born: Mabel, in 1887; and George Ed-
win, in 1890.

Active in Community Affairs.

John Bernard Simon, son of Johannes
and Catherine Elizabeth (Bernhard)
Simon, Rothenburg, Germany, born Sep-
tember 7, 1757, died in the fall of 1812,
came to this country about 1776, served
in Colonel Dubois' regiment, shown in
"New York in the Revolution as Col-
ony and State," second division, page
78, by James A. Roberts, and First Cen-
sus of the United States, 1790. He re-
sided in New York City, then moved to
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He married
(first) Christine Kolbenhoflfen, at Phila-
delphia, February 21, 1779, in the Dutch
Reformed Church, northeast corner of
Fifth and Cherry streets, by Rev. Sam-
uel Helffenstine. They had six children :
Elizabeth, born 1781 ; David, April 13,
1786; Anna Maria, June i, 1791 ; and
three who died in infancy. He married
(second) Margreta (Peggie) Lochman,
married by the Rev. Samuel HelflFenstine.
No children.

David, son of John Bernard and Chris-
tine (Kolbenhoflfen) Simon, married
Elizabeth Ireton, of Pemburton, New
Jersey, granddaughter of Patrick Reyn-
olds, of Burlington county. New Jersey,
on May 7, 1807. They had seven chil-
dren: Anna, born March 21, 1808; Mar-
gretta Lochman, July 17, 1809; John
Bernard, December 10, 181 1; Washing-
ton Jackson, August 27, 1814; James
Kemp, December 4, 1816; Eliza Ann,
October 9, 1825.

John Bernard (2), third child and eld-
est son of David and Elizabeth (Ireton)
Simon, of Philadelphia, and grandson of
John Bernard and Christine Kolbenhof-
fen, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was
born December 10, 181 1, baptized in St.
Paul's Church by the Rev. Joseph Pil-
more, confirmed in Zion Lutheran
Church, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, May
15, 1830, by Rev. Augustus H. Lochman,

46s

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

pastor; for nearly sixty years a consis-
tent member of the church, for many of
those years an honored and trusted office
bearer in the cong-regation, and at the
time of his death, September 29, 1889,
was president of the church council, for
a number of years a member of the Har-
risburg Borough Council, and for many
years and at the time of his death super-
intendent of the Harrisburg Cemetery.
For many years he was one of the direc-
tors of the Harrisburg National Bank.

He received his education through
schools of his native city, and his father
(who in 1809 taught in Benjamin Tucker's
school. Fifth and Arch streets, Philadel-
phia, also for a long time organist in St.
Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church. In
1808 he prepared a short introductory
English grammar, published by Smith &
Maxwell, Philadelphia, 1809. Later he
had a school on Market street, Harris-
burg, and was organist of Zion Lutheran
Church.)

The family moved to Harrisburg when
he was a boy and there he learned his
trade with Samuel Holman, with whom
he, in the spring of 1834, entered into
partnership as contractor and builder.
In 1857 Mr. Holman retired, and he con-
tinued until his death, 1889, during which
time as contractor and builder he erected
some of the largest and most important
buildings, public and private, in the State.
In 1848 the firm of Simon, Lutz & Com-
pany erected the Harrisburg Foundry
and Machine Shop, the largest of that
kind in this part of the State, located on
Market street, west of Fifth street, and
extending to Medow Lane, which he con-
ducted successfully for some years, and
then they sold it. He was the first to
(in 1850) establish a planing mill and
wood working machinery west of Phila-
delphia and east of Pittsburgh. In 1852
he purchased a plot of ground on the hill
east of the town, known then and now as
Allison's Hill, foreseeing that by its lo-

cation it would in time become an im-
portant part in the growth of the town.
He immediately began to develop it,
erecting the first row of dwellings on the
hill, beside dwellings in pairs and single
houses.

On April 16, 1834, he married Mary,
youngest daughter of Daniel and Eliza-
beth (Kistner) Hertz, of Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania (one of the Colonial fami-
lies with Revolutionary record), born
January 14, 1814, baptized at Shupps
Church by Rev. John George Lochman,
June 5, 1831, confirmed by Rev. Augus-
tus Lochman in the Evangelical Lutheran
Church. They resided on Market street
their entire lives.

"The Sick Soldiers Rest," where all
sick and wounded soldiers travelling to
and from the seat of war were freely
entertained and cared for, was built by
him and Eby Byers in 1862. It was situ-
ated just opposite the railroad station,
where trains going through or coming
from the South have their terminal. It
was built and largely maintained by them
at their own expense and free to all sol-
diers needing aid. It was a Haven of
Rest to hundreds of sick and wounded.
It was handed over to an agent of the
United States Sanitary Commission,
1864.

All his life as a business man he was
in the front rank, and as a citizen always
lending his best efforts for the advance-
ment of every enterprise for the better-
ment of his fellowman and the commun-
ity in which he resided. Some one has
said of him, "Truly he lived to help hu-
manity, to ennoble his country, and to
uplift the world."

Issue of John Bernard and Mary
(Hertz) Simon: i. Luther Melancthon,
born August 11, 1835; married Mary
Read Pancoast, of Mt. Holly, New Jer-
sey, November 2, 1858. In his business
life one of the leading architects in the
state. 2. Samuel Holman (physician),

466

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

born July 5, 1840; married Julia Kendig,
July 18, 1861, of Harrisburg. 3. Anne
Elizabeth, born October 28, 1842, died
May 2, 1906; active in all church and
charity work and one of the charter mem-
bers of the Children's Industrial Home.
4. Emma Caroline, born April 28, 1846;
married, November 19, 1884, Samuel M.
Keiper, of New York, founder of the New
York Powder Company, New York. 5.
Augustus Lochman, born December 13,
1848, died December 26, 1855. 6. Mary
Alice, born September 3, 185 1, died Sep-
tember 23, 1855. 7. 8. 9. 10. Four children
died in infancy. 11. Clara Louise, born
April 19, 1856.

PATTERSON, Alexander Hamilton,
Glass Manafactnrer.

There were two branches of the Pat-
terson family, of Scotch-Irish descent,
who settled in Lancaster county, Penn-
sylvania, during colonial times. James
Patterson, the founder of one branch of
the Lancaster county family, was born
in the North of Ireland in 1708. He
emigrated to America in 1728 and settled
in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, where
presumably he married Mary Montgom-
ery, and had issue, several children. He
died in Little Britain township in 1792,
and descendants of that branch of the
Patterson family are quite numerous.

Arthur Patterson, the first American
ancestor and founder of another branch
of the Patterson family, emigrated from
the North of Ireland in 1824, and he with
his wife, who was Ann Scott, settled the
same year in Rapho township, Lancaster
county, Pennsylvania, then a wilderness.
He was a farmer and blacksmith, ac-
quired a large tract of land in Lancaster
county, and became a man of influence
and distinction in the community where
he lived. His sons were patriots in the
Revolutionary army, and his descend-

ants have furnished several men of dis-
tinction in the history of Pennsylvania.

Descendants of these two families lived
in the same communities and have a more
or less common history, and are pre-
sumably the ancestors of James Patter-
son, born in Philadelphia, who died there
in 1883, aged sixty-five years. He was
a leather merchant in Philadelphia, and
well known in his time; he married
Sarah Funk, daughter of Peter Funk, of
German ancestry, and had issue, among
others a son, namely:

Alexander Hamilton Patterson, born
June 28, 1849, i" Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania. He was educated in the public
schools of Philadelphia, and after leaving
school served an apprenticeship under
Roger Fisher & Brother in Philadelphia,
where he learned typesetting and the
printing trade. However, this work was
interrupted by his enlistment in the Sec-
ond Volunteer Regiment of Pennsylva-
nia, organized in 1863, and known as the
"Blue Reserves," which was soon fol-
lowed by a one-hundred days' campaign
in Company B, 197th Infantry, as drum-
mer boy, under Colonel J. R. Hazlett. In
1864 he went to Chicago, Illinois, where
he worked at his trade, and in 1865 went
to Philadelphia, where he entered the em-
ploy of Cornelius and Baker as travelling
salesman, and continued till that firm re-
tired from business in 1878. In the last-
mentioned year he came to New York
City and entered the employ of Mitchell
Vance & Company, where he remained for
some two years, and in 1881 he organized
the firm of Patterson & Company, of New
York, in which he also continued for
about two years. He then became inter-
ested in the Phoenix Glass Company of
Pittsburgh, and has continued with that
firm to the present time, 1913, he being
now first vice-president of the company.
He is a Republican in politics ; a member
of the blue lodge of Free and Accepted
Masons; also of the following social or-

467

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ganizations : The Hardware Club of New
York, the Union League, the Crescent
Athletic and the Aurora Grata Masonic
clubs, of Brooklyn, New York ; and of the
Pennsylvania Society of New York City.
He married Catherine C. Kerns, daugh-
ter of Joseph and Ellen Kerns, May 12,
1880, in Philadelphia ; she was born in
Philadelphia, April 2, 1856. There has
been no issue.

HEILNER, George Corson,

Prominent Coal Operator.

Among the many representatives of
old Pennsylvania families who have
achieved success and risen to promi-
nence in regions remote from the boun-
daries of the Keystone State, George Cor-
son Heilner, now of New York City,
holds a foremost place. Mr. Heilner is
president of Heilner & Son, incorporated ;
he occupies a leading position in the busi-
ness world, and has rendered dis-
tinguished service as a member of the
National Guard, State of New York.

Samuel Heilner, grandfather of George
Corson Heilner, emigrated from Ger-
many early in the nineteenth century and
settled in Berks county, Pennsylvania.
He was a fine scholar and an accom-
plished linguist, and in his new home
adopted the profession of an educator.
He also possessed remarkable foresight
and was among the first to discern the
marvellous mining possibilities of Penn-
sylvania. In religion he was a Lutheran.
Mr. Heilner married Mary Bast, of Berks
county, Pennsylvania.

Marcus G., son of Samuel and Mary
(Bast) Heilner, was born July 2, 1814,
on a farm near Reading, Berks county,
Pennsylvania, and when a child was
taken by his parents to Schuylkill county.
At the age of twenty-five he entered upon
what was destined to be a brilliant busi-
ness career, associating himself with the
mining industry, then in its infancy, and

becoming prominently identified with it.
In 1867 he removed to New York, where
he engaged in the coal business under the
firm name of Heilner & Son. An opera-
tor's career in those days was subject to
many vicissitudes and dangers, sometimes
involving imminent peril from ruffianism,
as in the time of the notorious Molly Ma-
guires. Tested by the severest trials
which could fall to the lot of a coal opera-
tor, Mr. Heilner showed himself a man
born to his task, displaying in the face of
danger the most admirable coolness and
courage. He was regarded as one of the
best authorities of his day in all matters
connected with the coal trade. Person-
ally, Mr. Heilner was a gentleman of the
old school, fine-looking, and possessing
the highest sense of honor. He was the
last of the hardy race of pioneer opera-
tors. Mr. Heilner married, May 15, 1839,
Sylvina Mallery Butler, whose ancestral
record is appended to this sketch, and
their children were: Percy Butler, born
in Pennsylvania, married Jennie Reid, of
Elizabeth, New Jersey, and is now vice-
president of the Lehigh & Wilkesbarre
Coal Company of Pennsylvania ; Walter
Silver, married Bertha Kiernan ; Marcus
Butler, married Lucy Crane ; Laura Syl-
vina, and George Corson, mentioned be-
low. All these children, with the excep-
tion of the youngest, were born at Min-
ersville, Pennsylvania. Mr. Heilner, the
father, died November 6, 1892, and the
mother of the family passed away March

27, 1897-

George Corson, son of Marcus G. and
Sylvina M. (Butler) Heilner, was born
August 16, 1856, at Pottsville, Pennsyl-
vania, and received his education in pri-
vate schools of Elizabeth, New Jersey. In
1873 he became clerk in a banking house
in Wall street. New York, and held the
position for about two years. In 1890 he
was admitted to the firm of Heilner &
Son, of New York City, established in
1835, with which he has ever since been

468

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

continuously connected. The business is
now a corporation of which Mr. Heilner
is president. Possessing executive abili-
ties of a high order, farsighted sagacity
and sound judgment, he has more than
maintained the oldtime prestige of the
firm. Aggressive in his methods and of
unimpeachable integrity, he is an ac-
knowledged leader in the coal business.
His conduct toward his subordinates has
ever been marked by the greatest jus-
tice and kindliness, which has met with
its due return of loyal service and has
constituted an important factor in his
success.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and civic virtue Mr. Heilner
is unfailingly ready to lend his influence
to any movement having for its end the
promotion of these objects, and wherever
substantial aid will further public prog-
ress it is freely given. He is identified
with the Republicans, and while taking
no conspicuously active part in politics,
is yet a vigilant and attentive observer
of men and measures, supporting such as
he deems best fitted to advance the wel-
fare and progress of the community. He
belongs to the Union League Club of
New York, the Society of Colonial Wars,
the Sons of the Revolution, and the board
of managers of the Alliance Francais, of
New York City, and is a member of the
Protestant Episcopal church.

A man of Mr. Heilner's stamp always
demonstrates his public spirit by actions
rather than words, and he has given most
striking evidence of it in the service
which he has rendered as a citizen-sol-
dier. From 1887 to 1892 he served as
first lieutenant of Company D, Eighth In-
fantry Regiment, National Guard, State
of New York, and was subsequently lieu-
tenant-colonel of the io8th Infantry Regi-
ment. He was mustered out in 1899, hav-
ing rendered service of value in the Span-
ish-American war. The personality of
Mr. Heilner is that of a man of great

force of character, strong mental endow-
ments, and a genial disposition. His
countenance is expressive of these attri-
butes and his manner is dignified and
courteous. His sterling qualities of man-
hood command the respect of all who
know him, and, in combination with the
engaging traits of a social nature and
companionable disposition, have sur-
rounded him with a large circle of
warmly-attached friends.

For two generations the name of Heil-
ner has been associated in Pennsylvania
with an industry which is one of the chief
sources of her greatness. George Corson
Heilner, representative of the third gen-
eration, and prominent in the traditional
calling of his family, is a resident of an-
other State, but the old Commonwealth
demands that his name shall be inscribed
in her annals with the names of his father
and grandfather.

(The Butler Line).

John Butler, great-great-grandfather of
Mrs. Sylvina M. (Butler) Heilner, mar-
ried Catharine, daughter of Richard
Houghton.

John (2), son of John (i) and Cath-
arine (Houghton) Butler, married Han-
nah Perkins.

Zebulon, son of John (2) and Hannah
(Perkins) Butler, was born in 1731, in
New London county, Connecticut, and
served in the French war, first with the
rank of ensign and later with that of
captain, participating in the battles of
Fort Edward, Lake George, Ticonderoga
and Crown Point. In 1762 he rendered
distinguished service at the siege of Ha-
vana. In 1768 he was one of the found-
ers of five townships in Wyoming county,
Pennsylvania, each one being granted to
forty persons who would pledge them-
selves to maintain its rights. Captain
Butler, as leader of the Connecticut
settlers, gained the victory in the "Penny-
ites and Yankee war," and was known as

469

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the "Savior of Wyoming." At the be-
ginning of the Revolutionary struggle he
was made colonel in the Continental
Line, and served with Washington in
New Jersey, being highly esteemed by
his great commander. In the spring of
1778, Colonel John Butler, of the British
army, brought Seneca Indians from
Western New York to Pennsylvania.
These, accompanied by Tories from the
Wyoming Valley, appeared June 30 at
the head of the plains. Colonel Zebulon
Butler took command, and victory seemed
certain, when a mistaken order caused
the patriots to retreat. A massacre by
the Indians followed, and among the few
who escaped was Colonel Butler, who
succeeded in reaching Wilkes-Barre,
where he soon received news of the fear-
ful and ever-memorable massacre of Wy-
oming. In August, 1779, Colonel Zebu-
Ion Butler retook possession of the
county, commanding until December,
1780, when he was ordered to take his
troops and rejoin Washington, deliver-
ing the posts in Wyoming to Captain
Alexander Mitchell. He served with dis-
tinction to the close of the war, being
placed, after the treachery of Arnold, in
command at West Point, as one of the
officers whom Washington could trust.
From 1774 to 1776, Colonel Butler was
a member of the Connecticut General As-
sembly from Westmoreland county, and
on August 30, 1787, he received from the
Supreme Executive Council of Pennsyl-
yania the appointment of lieutenant of
Luzerne county, then newly formed.
Colonel Butler married (first) Anna Lord,
and (second) Lydia, daughter of Rev.
Jacob Johnson, who was the first minis-
ter in the Wyoming Valley, and drew up
the articles of capitulation after the mas-
sacre. Colonel Butler married (third)
Phoebe Haight. His death occurred in
July, 1795.

Zebulon (2), son of Zebulon (i) and
Lydia (Johnson) Butler, married Jemima,

daughter of Jabez Fish. They were the
parents of nine sons and daughters.

SylvinaM., daughter of Zebulon (2) and
Jemima (Fish) Butler, was born March
27, 1816, and became the wife of Marcus
G. Heilner, as mentioned above.

POTTS, George H.,

Prominent Coal Operator and Financier.

The Potts family of Pennsylvania dates
its residence in America from 1668. Half
a century before the beginning of the
Revolutionary War, John Potts, great-
grandfather of George H. Potts, lived at
Sandy Run, about ten miles from Phila-
delphia, in the neighborhood of Chestnut
Hill.

Thomas, youngest son of John Potts,
married, about 1750, Elizabeth, daughter
of William Lukens, whose estate ad-
joined that of his father, at Sandy Run.
The Lukens family was one of the most
notable of the early settlers of Pennsyl-
vania and was of Dutch descent. John
Lukens, brother of Elizabeth, was a civil
engineer, and was appointed Surveyor-
General of Pennsylvania by the Crown.
Upon the agitation of the momentous
question that prepared the way for
American independence, he espoused the
cause of the patriots, and so closely iden-
tified was he with the leaders in the Rev-
olutionary movement that it was in one
of the apartments of his residence in
Philadelphia that the Declaration of In-
dependence was drawn up by Thomas
Jefferson. After his marriage, Thomas
Potts moved to the beautiful Musconet-
cong Valley, in New Jersey, near the
mouth of the Delaware river, where he
erected a forge and furnace and con-
ducted, until his death in 1777, extensive
and successful iron manufacturing opera-
tions. He is distinguished as having
been a member of the Continental Con-
gress which convened in Philadelphia in
1775 to petition the King to redress the

470

c

. Mc^^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

grievances which had long been suffered
by the colonists. He was in all essential
respects a patriot ; he had at heart the
cause of the struggling colonies, and
deprecated as deeply as any of his liberty
loving contemporaries the severity with
which they were oppressed; but he was
a consistent adherent to the religious
principles of the Society of Friends, and,
finding it impossible to regard the Dec-
laration of Independence as anything
short of a practical declaration of war,
he refused to affix his signature to that
historical document, not wishing to co-
operate in an act which would precipi-
tate bloodshed and rapine upon the col-
onies.

Hugh H., son of Thomas and Eliza-
beth (Lukens) Potts, was born at the
Chelsea Iron Works, on his father's es-
tate, in New Jersey, in 1773, died in 1842.
He possessed a natural proclivity for a
military career, and became an officer in
the first United States army raised under
the newly organized government and
served as such for many years. Captain
Hugh H. Potts subsequently resigned his
commission and purchased an estate on
the Delaware river, in Bucks county,
where he resided until the death of his
wife in 1813. Near the close of the War
of 1812-1814 he was reappointed to a cap-
taincy in the United States army, but
just as he reported to his company peace
was declared, in result of which he saw
no active service. He married, in 1800,
at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Elizabeth,
daughter of John John Hughes, of Revo-
lutionary memory, a distinguished officer
who fought throughout the entire war,
from the battle of Three Rivers, Canada,
to the surrender of Cornwallis at York-
town, during nearly all of which event-
ful period he was under General Wash-
ington's command. Captain Hughes re-
cruited a company at Carlisle, which was
attached to the Tenth Pennsylvania Regi-
ment, and entered the service as captain.

but was soon promoted to the rank of
paymaster-general, a position at that time
depending almost entirely on the pos-
session of ample means and a patriotic
willingness to disburse them as occasion
required, for the relief of the ill-paid and
often suffering soldiers.

George H., son of Captain Hugh H.
and Elizabeth (Hughes) Potts, was born
on his father's estate on the Delaware,
Bucks county, Pennsylvania, September
22, 181 1, died at New York City, April
28, 1888. Upon the death of his mother
in 1813, he was placed in the home of his
aunt, his father's sister, Mrs. Judge Rock-
hill, in Pittstown, New Jersey. Receiving
an excellent education, at an early age
he evinced strong desires to enter the
business world, and at fifteen years, an
age generally given over to the enjoy-
ment of boyish pleasures, he was em-
ployed in an extensively dealing mercan-
tile house in Philadelphia, receiving a
practical business education. Here he
remained three years, laying the founda-
tion of a busy, useful, and in many re-
spects remarkable business career. In
1829 he moved to Pottsville, Pennsyl-
vania, and at once engaged in mining
operations. The part he played in the
development of anthracite coal mining
was made possible by the primitive con-
dition in which all the departments of the
industry were at that time. None of the
inventions of modern mining were in
use ; only a limited quantity was mined,
and that which was brought to the sur-
face was raised by the hardest physical
exertion ; the process of crushing was
crude ; and the facilities for placing it
upon the market inadequate. Mr. Potts
was connected with the anthracite coal
business throughout his entire life, and
from 1834 to 1845 he was the most ex-
tensive individual coal operator in the re-
gion. From 44.000 tons of anthracite coal
mined in 1828 he saw the production of
the mineral grow until at his death over

471

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

30,000,000 tons was the aggregate. His
part in this growth was prominent. He
erected the first engine for mining coal
below the water level ever set up in
Pennsylvania, built by Heywood & Sny-
der, at Pottsville. Another of his pioneer
movements was the use of iron plates for
breaking coal, and his was the second
breaker ever put into operation. In the
transportation of this, the chief product
of the locality, he was also a leader, build-
ing the first boat employed to convey coal
directly to the city of New York from
the Schuylkill region, and which opened
the way for the immense inland water
transportation of a later date. When it
was deemed advisable to raise $3,000 to
be used in experiments in making anthra-
cite iron, which were crowned with suc-
cess, he was one of the ten contributors,
and in 1836 he surveyed the first railroad
from Pottsville to New York.

After a residence of twenty-four years
in Pottsville, Mr. Potts moved to New
York in 1853, as the local representative
of the coal and iron firm of Lewis Au-
denried & Company, with whom he had
associated himself, and of which he be-
came the senior member. While con-
nected with this company, his excellent
judgment and managerial ability placed
his firm high among others of like na-
ture. At the death of Lewis Audenried,
in 1873, the firm was dissolved, Mr. Potts
retiring, and his son, the Hon. Frederick
A. Potts, becoming sole proprietor, and
who later founded the present firm of F.
A. Potts & Company.

Although determined to retire from
active business life and to enjoy the fruits
of constant industry, Mr. Potts was not
permitted to cut himself off entirely from
the associations of years, and was at
length induced to accept the presidency
of the National Park Bank, of New
York, of which he had been one of the
organizers and for many years a direc-
tor. His election in September, 1879, to

the position of president of one of the
wealthiest and most prominent banking
houses in the country was welcomed by
stockholders and customers, and was the
subject of much favorable press comment
from the financial centers of the country.
That the bank did not suffer under his
management was indicated by the value
of its stock, which from par value at the
time of his election increased to 188,
while its surplus increased from $200,000
to $1,000,000.

Fitted by birth, education and train-
ing to occupy his recognized high po-
sition in the financial and social circles
of New York, Mr. Potts was held in the
best regard by all of his business col-
leagues, and fulfilled the expectations of
his host of friends by measuring up to
every emergency confronting him, with
the shrewdness and decision of the
trained business man. His strict, unde-
viating integrity was the characterizing
feature of his whole life, the following
illustration well showing his unyielding
probity. In 1848, by the failure of a
gentleman in Philadelphia, with whom
Mr. Potts was connected in business, he
lost $104,000, and was forced to call his
creditors together and to settle with them
at fifty cents on the dollar, and was
obliged to borrow the money to do this.
Sixteen years later he paid the compro-
mised claims, amounting to over $100,-
000, although he had been legally exon-
erated when he made the compromise,
compelling his old creditors to accept in-
terest on the balances. Such was the
character that won him business success,
such the personality that endeared him
to his friends.

He married (first) in 1832, Emily Dil-
worth, eldest daughter of George M.
Gumming, of Pottsville; (second) in
1863, Helen, daughter of Judge Gideon
Hard, of Albion, Orleans county. New
York. By his first marriage he became

472

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the father of seven children, by his sec-
ond, of three.

POTTS, Frederick A.,

I.eading Coal Operator.

True biography has a nobler purpose
than mere fulsome eulogy. The world
today is what the leading men of the last
generation have made it. From the past
has come the legacy of the present. Art,
science, statesmanship, government —
these constitute an inheritance upon
which the present generation has entered,
and the advantages secured from so vast
a gift depend entirely upon the fidelity
with which is conducted the study of the
lives of the principal actors who have
transmitted the legacy. This is espe-
cially true of those whose influence has
been beyond the confines of locality, and
has been of national importance. Worthy
of such careful study are the life, char-
acter and services of the late Hon. Fred-
erick A. Potts, of Hunterdon county.
New Jersey, and of his son, Frederick A.
Potts.

Hon. Frederick A. Potts, son of
George H. and Emily (Gumming) Potts,
was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania,
April 4, 1836, and died in New York Gity,
November 9, 1888, in the very prime of
life. For many years he had been asso-
ciated in the vast interests of his father
in the coal mining region, the main offices
of the company being in New York.
When his father retired from this enter-
prise, the Hon. Frederick A. Potts became
sole proprietor, and later founded the
present firm of F. A. Potts & Go. In
spite of the extent of these interests and
the responsibilities they placed upon his
shoulders, they were not sufficient to oc-
cupy the brilliant mind of Mr. Potts to
the fullest extent, and he devoted a large
share of his time to the interests of the
public. As a representative of the Re-
publican party he was elected to the State

Senate of New Jersey, from Hunterdon
Gounty, in 1874; four years later he was
the Republican candidate for Gongress in
the Fourth New Jersey District, the
strongest Democratic district in the en-
tire State. So great, however, was his
popularity, that he was defeated by a
plurality of only approximately 1,500
votes in a district that had prior to this
time given five times that number to the
Democratic candidate. He was the Re-
publican candidate for the office of Gov-
ernor of the State of New Jersey in 1880,
but was defeated by the small margin of
651 votes. The political record of Hon.
Frederick A. Potts is without stain.
Personally he was a man of fine physique,
of genial disposition and worthy charac-
ter, that won for him great admiration.
In his social life he was known and loved
as a man of pure life and noble thought,
of warm heart and courteous bearing, a
man to whom the pomps and vanities of
life had little value, and the approval of
his conscience was his best reward. He
was a tireless worker and a man of rare
simplicity of character. Of all the pos-
sessions and treasures of his life, none
were so dear to this man of unworldly
thought as the friendships he made and
held as the best gifts the world had to
bestow.

Hon. Potts married Sarah Brevoort,
and had children : George, Frederick A.,
Henry, William, Rockhill and Meta.

Frederick A., son of Hon. Frederick A.
and Sarah (Brevoort) Potts, was born
at Lenox, Massachusetts, in i860. His
elementary instruction was acquired in
private schools, from which he went to
the School of Mines, Golumbia Univer-
sity, New York Gity. Subsequently he
went abroad and took a course at the
University of Berlin, Germany. Upon
his return to his native land, Mr. Potts
became connected with the firm of F. A.
Potts & Go., established in New York
Gity by his father, and later became sen-

473

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ior member of this firm of coal merchants,
continuing its interests along the suc-
cessful lines inaugurated by his father.

Mr. Potts married Elizabeth Worth
Olcott. He is well known in the social
circles of the city, and is a member of the
St. Anthony, Union, and the New York
Athletic clubs. While he is a stanch sup-
porter of Republican principles in politi-
cal matters, Mr. Potts, up to the present
time, has never held public office, al-
though he has apparently inherited the
gifts of his talented father in that direc-
tion.

CAUGHEY, Cltemens Jay,

Gold and Silver Miner.

The early traditions of the Caughey
family show that its origin was a Scotch
Presbyterian family bearing that name,
and that during the religious persecutions
of the seventeenth century the ancestors
of the Caughey family in America emi-
grated to Ireland, settling near Donegal.

Francis Caughey emigrated to this
country from near Donegal, Ireland,
about the year 1750, accompanied by a
brother, believed to be John Caughey.
Francis Caughey is understood and be-
lieved to be one of the two original pro-
genitors of the Caughey family in Amer-
ica, and he is certainly the ancestor of all
that family in Erie county, Pennsylvania.
He settled in Lancaster county, Pennsyl-
vania, where he died at the age of ninety-
three years. He took an active part in
the Revolutionary war as a patriot of the
cause of the colonies. He married and
was the father of five children: i. An-
drew, mentioned below. 2. John, who in
1803 moved to Erie county, Pennsyl-
vania, settling on a farm in Fairview
township, where he resided until his
death ; he was the father of thirteen chil-
dren, namely: Andrew Miles; Wilson;
Samuel G. ; Francis ; William M. ; John ;
David V. ; George ; Eliza Jane, married

Andrew Sturgeon ; Nancy, married J. B.
Johnson ; Mary, married Matthew John-
son ; Sarah, married N. J. Clark ; Susan,
married Joseph L. Jackson. 3. Ella, mar-
ried Scott. 4. Jane, married

Scott, brother of the husband of

her sister, Ella. 5. Elizabeth.

Andrew, eldest son of Francis Caughey,
was born in Lancaster county, Pennsyl-
vania, in 1756. In 1803 he moved to Erie
county, Pennsylvania, where he settled
on a farm on what afterward became
known as West Mill creek, some five
miles west of Erie, on the Ridge road.
His death occurred there March 19, 1828.
He served as a soldier in the Revolu-
tionary war, as shown by the following
record : "Private Andrew Caughey
(spelled Cauhey in the record) of Cap-
tain John Paxton's company. Third Bat-
talion Lancaster County Militia, Colonel
Thomas Porter, commander. Entered
service December 12, 177 — , discharged
December 23, 177 — ." (See Record and
Pension Division of United States War
Depart., Washington, D. C.) Andrew
Caughey took the oath of allegiance to
the government, August 2, 1778 (Penn.
Archives, 2nd Series, vol. 12, p. 453), and
is understood to have participated in the
battle of Brandywine. He married Eliza-
beth Caughey, his cousin, born at Lan-
caster, Pennsylvania, in 1752, died March
25, 1826, daughter of John Caughey.
Children: i. John, mentioned below. 2.
Andrew, married, at Washington, Penn-
sylvania, Martha, daughter of Daniel
Cannon, and they were the parents of
five children : Nancy, Samuel S., Daniel
C, Francis, Andrew. 3. Francis, died un-
married. 4. Samuel, married Susan
Fluke, and they were the parents of three
children : John, Henry C, Louis. 5.
Jane, died unmarried. 6. Elizabeth, mar-
ried William McCreary, and they were
the parents of five children : S. N., John,
Frank, Mary M., Jane. 7. Nancy, mar-
ried Samuel McCreary, and they were

474

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the parents of seven children : Francis,
David, Elizabeth, Johnson, Jane, Sam-
uel, Sophia.

John, eldest son of Andrew Caughey,
was born June 13, 1784, died June 19,
1859. He married, at Washington,
Pennsylvania, Ann Vance Wilson, born
October 6, 1786, died May 6, 1839, daugh-
ter of Miles and Jane (Vance) Wilson.
Children: i. Andrew J., born March 3,
181 1 ; married Jane Sturgeon, a daughter
of Private Samuel Sturgeon, who served
in Captain James Murray's company,
Fourth Battalion of Lancaster County
Associators, Colonel James Burd, com-
mander, and went into active service in
November or December, 1775, and par-
ticipated in the battles of Trenton and
Princeton. (Return as per muster roll
of March 13, 1776. Penn. Archives, 2nd
Series, vol. 13, pp. 310-31 1.) Samuel
Sturgeon took the oath of allegiance to
the State of Pennsylvania and the gov-
ernment in Hanover township. March 4,
1778 (Penn. Archives, 2nd Series, vol. 13,
p. 407). 2. Miles W., born July 7, 1812;
married Nancy Crawford. 3. Francis,
born November 19, 1813 ; married Eme-
line Cook. 4. Eliza Jane, born April 14,
1816; married Andrew Sturgeon. 5. Wil-
liam M., mentioned below. 6. David,
born March 30, 1819; married Mary J.
Sterett. 7. John J., born April 4, 1821 ;
removed to Kentucky; married Mary
MofFett. 8. Infant son, born July i,
1823, deceased. 9. Nancy A., born Sep-
tember 4, 1824; married J. B. Johnson.
10. Mary, born June 7, 1826; married
Matthew Johnson. 11. Sarah V., born
April 15, 1828; married N. J. Clark. 12.
Samuel N., born July 6, 1832 ; removed
to Arkansas ; married Rebecca Pettit. 13.
Susan B., born July 6, 1834; married Jo-
seph L. Jackson ; died June 12, 1898, in
Mississippi. 14. George, born May 22,
1836, died unmarried.

William M., fourth son of John Caugh-
ey, was born June 15, 1817, died in Erie

county, Pennsylvania, in 1885. He mar-
ried Sophia Reed Clemens, of Virginia,

daughter of and (Irwin)

Clemens. Among their children was
Clemens Jay, mentioned below.

Clemens Jay, son of William M.
Caughey, was born in Erie county,
Pennsylvania, October 27, 1850. He was
educated in the public and private schools
of Erie, also at the Erie Academy, and
prepared for college at Norristown, Penn-
sylvania. After leaving school he was a
clerk in his father's wholesale grocery
store at Erie, and later became a junior
partner in the business. In 1880 he came
to New York City, where he engaged in
a wholesale grocery and United States
contract business, which was continued
until 1906, when he retired from active
pursuits. Early in the year 1900 he be-
came interested in mining, and became
identified with several gold and silver
mining propositions in Utah and Nevada,
later in gold mining in Bolivia, South
America, and this has occupied his entire
attention since his withdrawal from the
grocery business. He is secretary, treas-
urer and director of the Nevada and Utah
Mines and Smelter Corporation, and sev-
eral other corporations. He has traveled
extensively in this country and in South
America. He is a Republican in politics,
but has never sought public office. He
and his family are affiliated with the
Protestant Episcopal church. He married
Mary Emma, daughter of William Hos-
kinson, in 1870, at Erie, Pennsylvania.
She was born at Erie, in 1852, grand-
daughter of Basil Hoskinson. Children :
Agnes Walker, born at Erie, 1871, died
there in 1883 ; Eleanor Palmer Moore,
born at Erie, 1876, married, in 1894, Rob-
ert Jarecki.

John and Jane Wilson, ancestors of
Ann Vance (Wilson) Caughey, emigrat-
ed from the old country to Upton, Massa-
chusetts, in the early part of the year
1700. Their son Joseph was born at Up-

475

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ton, Massachusetts, August 6, 1737, from
whence he emigrated to Pennsylvania.
He served as private in Captain James
Cowden's company, Fourth Battalion of
Lancaster County, Colonel James Burd ;
enlisted March 13, 1776 (Penn. Archives,
2nd Series, vol. 13, pp. 307-308). His sec-
ond service was as private in Captain
James Rogers' company, Colonel Timo-
thy Green. His third service was in Han-
over Rifle Battalion Company, Lancaster
County Associators, destined for camp in
the Jerseys, June 6, 1776 (Penn. Archives,
2nd Series, vol. 13, pp. 320-321). His
fourth service was as ensign in Captain
Joseph McClure's Sixth company. Sixth
Battalion Lancaster Associators, Colonel
James Rogers, 1777, called into active
service in August, 1777 (Penn. Archives,
2nd Series, vol. 13, pp. 358-359-479)-
Joseph Wilson took the oath of al-
legiance, August 22, 1777 (Penn. Ar-
chives, 2nd Series, vol. 13, p. 405).
Joseph Wilson emigrated to Westmore-
land county, Pennsylvania, and his fifth
service was as private in Captain Hugh
Mitchell's company, of Westmoreland
County Militia, from 1779 to 1782 (Penn.
Archives, 2nd Series, vol. 14, p. 694). Jo-
seph Wilson was in that part of West-
moreland county which was organized
into Washington county. His sixth ser-
vice was as private in Captain William
Scott's company, of Washington County
Militia, from 1782 to 1785 (Penn. Ar-
chives, 2nd Series, vol. 14, p. 750). His
son Miles married Jane Vance, daughter
of Private David Vance, who served in
Captain William Brown's company. Colo-
nel Timothy Green's Battalion of Lan-
caster County Militia, destined for the
camp in the Jerseys, August 31, 1776
(Penn. Archives, 2nd Series, vol. 13, pp.
320-321). He afterwards emigrated to
Westmoreland county, and in September,
1778, was a captain of militia of that
county (Penn. Archives, 2nd Series, vol.
14, p. 894). After David Vance was dis-

charged from service in New Jersey, he
married Jane, daughter of Moses Quim-
by, and emigrated with her to Westmore-
land county. There he joined an expe-
dition to Kentucky as captain, and settled
at Fort Boone, and served under Colonel
Boone in warfare with the Indians, and
was one of the survivors of the Blue Lick
Massacre, and it is said that after being
badly wounded his life was saved by his
dog. Private Moses Quimby, of Captain
Squire's company, of New Jersey troops,
stationed at Newark, New Jersey, Ma-
jor Samuel Hayes, commander, entered
service September 17, 1777, and was dis-
charged October i, 1777. Ann Vance,
daughter of Miles and Jane (Vance) Wil-
son, married John Caughey, aforemen-
tioned.

TREDWAY, William Thomas,

Iiawyer, Iieader in Commnnlty Affalri.

The Bar of Pittsburgh is of ancient or-
igin and honorable record. Older than
our independence, its annals form part of
our Colonial, Revolutionary and National
history. With each decade it has ac-
quired new luster and to-day stands un-
rivalled in all that makes for the best in
jurisprudence, practice and culture. Con-
spicuous among those who now maintain
its ancient prestige is William Thomas
Tredway, for a score of years a leader in
his profession, actively associated with
the political interests of the Iron City
and intimately identified with the best
elements of her life and progress.

William Thomas Tredway was born
February 12, 1862, near Warsaw, Co-
shocton county, Ohio, and is a son of
Crispen and Melvina (James) Tredway.
His ancestors were farmers, owning and
cultivating large tracts of land, and on
the paternal side were of English origin,
the maternal lineage being German. The
boy was brought up on his father's farm,
receiving his early education in public

476

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

and private schools and being prepared
for college at Jefferson Academy, Canons-
burg, Pennsylvania. The training which
he received at this institution would,
however, have availed him nothing had
he not possessed a strength of purpose
which refused to recognize obstacles.
By teaching a country school and study-
ing much at night he was enabled to
enter Washington and Jefferson College,
graduating in 1886. He was class poet
and business manager of the "Washing-
ton Jeffersonian," the class publication.
On September 17, 1886, he registered as
a law student and read law with the firm
of Weir & Garrison, being admitted, De-
cember 22, 1888, on motion of Solomon
Schoyer, Jr., to the Allegheny county
bar.

Until April, 1892, Mr. Tredway prac-
ticed in connection with the firm of Weir
& Garrison, then became associated with
Stone & Potter, with which firm and its
successors he remained for a considerable
period. Mr. Tredway now conducts a
general and corporation practice, stand-
ing high in the esteem of his professional
brethren and of the public at large. Pos-
sessing that judicial instinct which makes
its way quickly through immaterial de-
tails to the essential points upon which
the determination of a cause must turn,
his arguments are ever logical, forcible
and clear, and his utterances carry con-
viction with them. He is noted for his
quick appreciation of the points counsel
are endeavoring to establish and for his
invariable success in getting to the root
of the matter by questions during argu-
ment. He has a broad, comprehensive
grasp of all subjects that come before
him and an unusual facility in penetrat-
ing to the bottom of every contention
submitted. He is counsel for the East
End Savings and Trust Company, the
Ohio Valley Trust Company, the Coraop-
olis National Bank, the Logan County
Coraopolis Industrial Company, the

Coraopolis Building and Loan Associa-
tion, the Coraopolis Realty Company and
the Coraopolis Board of Trade.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and civic virtue Mr. Tred-
way stands in the front rank. In politics
he is a Republican, and in 1906 was
elected vice-chairman of the county com-
mittee, succeeding William A. Magee.
At a noted meeting of the committee that
was called together afterward Mr. Tred-
way was re-elected. He has been many
times a delegate to the Republican state
convention, but notwithstanding the ac-
tive interest which he has always taken
in politics has steadily refused to become
a candidate for office, preferring to con-
centrate his energies on his professional
duties. No plan for the betterment of
Pittsburgh finds him unresponsive and no
good work done in the name of charity
or religion seeks his co-operation in vain.
He is the owner of much real estate and
is a fine judge of landed property, being
quick to detect its dormant possibilities.

In appearance no less than in charac-
ter and temperament Mr. Tredway is a
perfect type of the able, aggressive law-
yer and earnest, public-spirited citizen.
Tall and fine-looking, with strong, in-
cisive face, dark hair and mustache, dark,
penetrating eyes which, with all their
keenness, hold in their depths the glint
of humor, dignified and at the same time
alert in bearing, his presence carries with
it the suggestion of intense individuality.
One of his most conspicuous traits is his
fidelity. To whatever he undertakes he
gives his whole soul, allowing none of
the many interests intrusted to his care
to suffer for want of close and able at-
tention and industry. In all his relations
to the bar he is essentially courteous and
affable, but always dignified. In private
life he is one of the most genial and com-
panionable of men. Loyal and warm-
hearted, the number of his friends is
legion.

477

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Mr. Tredway married, March 14, 1894,
Cora Alice, daughter of Thomas F. and
Mary A. (Moore) Watson, of CoraopoHs,
Pennsylvania, and they are the parents of
two children : Jean and William T. Mrs.
Tredway, a woman of charming person-
ality, is admirably fitted by mental en-
dowments, thorough education and innate
grace and refinement for her position as
one of the potent factors of Pittsburgh
society, and is withal a most accomplished
home-maker, causing her husband to find
his fireside a never-failing refuge from
the cares and excitements of a peculiarly
strenuous professional life. Mr. Tred-
way is a man to whom the ties of family
and friendship are sacred and his happiest
hours are passed in the home circle. One
of his greatest pleasures consists in the
exercise of hospitality.

The professional career of Mr. Tred-
way has thus far been rich in results, but
before predicting its future it is necessary
to remember that the years between forty
and sixty have been said to be the most
brilliant and fruitful period in the lives of
men of distinguished ability ; also, that
the nation has called to serve her, in
positions of exalted responsibility, mem-
bers of the Pittsburgh Bar, and that those
whom she has thus honored have been
men of the type of William Thomas
Tredway.

MOORE, Samuel EUis,

Originator of Accounting System.

A name thoroughly familiar to every
Pittsburgher, and especially to all those
in any way associated with the steel in-
dustry, is that of the late Samijel Ellis
Moore, originator of the System of Ac-
counting now followed in principle by all
the iron and steel firms of the Pittsburgh
district. Mr. Moore was a life-long resi-
dent of Pittsburgh and was officially
identified with leading manufacturing or-

ganizations and with enterprises of great
public importance.

John B. Moore, father of Samuel Ellis
Moore, was born May 25, 1822, and mar-
ried Elizabeth, daughter of William and
Katharine Ellis. Their children were:
John ; Samuel Ellis, mentioned below ;
William, Charles, Benjamin, Mrs. Maria
Dumbrill, of Philadelphia; Miss Ehza-
beth Moore, and Mrs. Annie Sutherland.
The two last named are of Pittsburgh, as
are John, William and Charles. Benja-
min is of Chicago. John B. Moore, the
father, died May 22, 1884.

Samuel Ellis, son of John B. and Eliza-
beth (Ellis) Moore, was born January
17, 1850, in Fountain street, Pittsburgh,
and received his education in the public
schools of the Fourth Ward. His first
employment was in August, 1862, under
D. A. Stewart, then Pittsburgh freight
agent for the Pennsylvania Railroad
Company. In 1868 he entered the service
of the old iron firm of James Wood &
Company, and it was during this period
that he originated the system of ac-
counting by which his name will always
be perpetuated. By a noteworthy coinci-
dence, Mr. Moore and his first employer,
Mr. D. A. Stewart, entered the service of
Carnegie Brothers at the same time, the
former as clerk in the auditing depart-
ment. Mr. Stewart afterward became
chairman, and Mr. Moore, by successive
promotions, found himself, in 1884, in
the position of auditor, later becoming a
partner in the firm, remaining until the
formation of the Carnegie Steel Company.
Throughout his business career, capable
management, unfaltering enterprise and a
spirit of justice were well-balanced fac-
tors, and never did he make the grave
mistake of regarding his employees
merely as parts of a great machine, but,
on the contrary, recognized their indi-
viduality, making it a rule that faithful
and efficient service should be promptly

478

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

rewarded with promotion as opportunity
offered.

A man of action rather than words,
Mr. Moore demonstrated his public
spirit by actual achievements which ad-
vanced the prosperity and wealth of the
community. As president of the Burrell
Improvement Company, which he or-
ganized in 1890, he is entitled to be called
the founder of the town of New Ken-
sington, and as such his name will ever
be recorded in the annals of the county.
The town was laid out by the Burrell
Company, and within five years a pros-
perous community came into existence.
The "Kensington boom" was one of the
most remarkable land movements ever
witnessed in Western Pennsylvania.
Later Mr. Moore became heavily inter-
ested in Michigan real estate. In 1900 he
was made auditor of the Consolidated
Traction Company, and January i, 1902,
succeeded to the same office in the
Pressed Steel Car Company.

In everything pertaining to the wel-
fare of his home city, Mr. Moore's in-
terest was deep and sincere, and wher-
ever substantial aid would further pub-
lic progress it was freely given. A Re-
publican in politics, he could never be
persuaded to accept office, but as a vigi-
lant and attentive observer of men and
measures, holding sound opinions and
taking liberal views, his ideas carried
weight among those with whom he dis-
cussed public problems. His rapidity of
judgment enabled him in the midst of
incessant business activity to give to the
affairs of the community effort and coun-
sel of genuine value, and his penetrating
thought has often added wisdom to pub-
lic movements. No good work done in
the name of charity or religion sought his
co-operation in vain, and in his work of
this character he brought to bear the
same discrimination and thoroughness
that were manifest in his business life.

A lifelong advocate of the temperance

cause, Mr. Moore was one of the leaders
in the famous Francis Murphy move-
ment, and hundreds of sober, industrious
Pittsburghers and thousands of other
men all over the world probably owe
their lives to Samuel Ellis Moore, as the
following record testifies : "In 1891 he or-
ganized in Pittsburgh the first Bichloride
of Gold Club in the world, its object be-
ing to rescue men formerly addicted to
drink. The movement grew with great
rapidity. In 1892, at Dwight, Illinois, at
a meeting of ten thousand delegates from
all over this country and Europe, the first
international convention of the Bichlor-
ide of Gold Clubs elected him its presi-
dent unanimously."

To his responsibilities as auditor and
man of affairs, Mr. Moore added numer-
ous other interests. He was president of
the Ontonagon Lumber Company of
Michigan, and at the head of all the water,
gas, heat, light, power and electric rail-
way companies of New Kensington. In
June, 1908, only two months before his
death, he was named a member of the
Carnegie Technical Schools Committee.
As a personal friend of Mr. Carnegie he
took a deep interest in the latter's work
and was ever ready to render him all the
assistance in his power.

The personality of Air. Moore was that
of a man of strong will, inflexible pur-
pose and sound judgment — characteris-
tics which constituted the foundation of
his successful career and were plainly
stamped upon his countenance. These
sterling qualities of manhood were united
with a genial nature which recognized
and appreciated the good in others and
drew around him a large circle of warmly
attached and loyal friends. A man of
valiant fidelity, to whatever he undertook
he gave his whole soul, allowing none of
the many interests intrusted to his care
to suffer for want of close and able at-
tention and industry. Few men in Pitts-
burgh had a more extensive acquaintance.

479

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

despite the fact that he belonged to no
clubs, lodges or other social and fraternal
organizations. At the time of his death
he had long been regarded as the "court
of last resort" in questions of accounting,
and he was also the originator of the
voucher check system which, in large es-
tablishments, so greatly simplified the
work of the auditor.

Mr. Moore married, May 29, 1878, Ma-
tilda Frances, daughter of Nicholas and
Elleanor Kelley, of Pittsburgh. Having
no children of his own, he adopted two
nieces and a nephew, to whom he gave
the care and guidance and the tender af-
fection of a father. The ties of family
and friendship were sacred to him and he
delighted in the exercise of hospitality.

On August 10, 1908, Mr. Moore passed
away, leaving the memory of one who in
public and private was actuated by one
high motive — the welfare of all whom he
served and of all with whom he served.
Never, in passing on to a position of
wealth and prominence, did he neglect an
opportunity to assist one less fortunate
than himself, and his life was in large
measure an exemplification of his belief in
the brotherhood of mankind. Over the
record of his entire career there falls no
shadow of wrong nor suspicion of evil.
To few men has it been given to serve
their day and generation as variously as
did Samuel Ellis Moore. As accountant,
man of affairs and citizen his record is
one of ability, accomplishment and bene-
ficence. Would that Pittsburgh and
Pennsylvania had more like him !

POST, George Adams,

President Railway Business Association.

The history of Hon. George Adams
Post portrays a man of unusual ability.
Beginning life as an assistant in a rail-
road freight office, he steadily advanced
himself in the confidence and esteem of
those in power until he has attained the

distinction of being president of the Rail-
way Business Association of the United
States, an organization designed to secure
the co-operation of various railways with
each other for their common advance-
ment, and to promote harmonious rela-
tions of the general public toward the
railways, in the common interest of all.
This end expressly declared and sought
to be attained is unique in railroad his-
tory; and the development of that policy
has been left largely to the direction of
the organization's president, George
Adams Post.

He began his career at Cuba, Alle-
gany county. New York, where he was
born September i, 1854. His father, Ira
Allen Post, was born March 17, 1820,
at Henrietta, Monroe county. New York ;
was for many years a railroad conductor
and station agent in the employ of the
Erie Railroad, and died in 1893, in Sus-
quehanna county, Pennsylvania. His
mother was Harriet Newell Curtis,

daughter of Newman and (Van

Bergen) Curtis, who was born April 23,
1826, and died in 1903, in Owego, New
York.

Their son attended the public schools
of Tioga county, New York, and studied
at the Owego Academy, and at the Os-
wego Normal School, of Oswego, New
York. At eighteen years of age, April i,
1873, he entered the employ of the Erie
Railroad as clerk in the freight office at
Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, and served
in various capacities until November,
1883. During that employment he
studied law in the evenings, and in that
manner acquired a knowledge of that
profession, which enabled him to be ad-
mitted to the Pennsylvania State bar of
Susquehanna county, in August, 1882.

Meanwhile he had taken an active in-
terest in local politics ; in February, 1877,
he was nominated and elected mayor of
Susquehanna, a village and station in
Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, on

480

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the Democratic ticket, he being only
twenty-three years of age, and served
one year. He was a candidate for presi-
dential elector on the Democratic ticket
in 1880, but with his colleagues on the
ticket was defeated. In 1883 he was
elected to the 48th Congress from the
Fifteenth Pennsylvania district, as a
Democrat, by 11,555 votes, as against 9,-
loi votes and 5,675 votes for his two
principal opponents. He served two
years, and was a member of the com-
mittee on Pacific Railroads, the special
committee on pairs ; and was secretary
of the Democratic House Caucus of the
Joint Caucus of Senators and Represen-
tatives, in Congress. He was chosen sec-
retary of the Democratic Congressional
Committee for the campaign of 1884, and
was a delegate to the National Conven-
tion. He was temporary chairman of the
Pennsylvania Democratic State Conven-
tion which met at AUentown, Pennsyl-
vania, in 1887, and took an active part in
the campaign that year.

In 1883 he bought one-half interest in
the "Montrose Democrat," published at
Montrose, the county seat of Susque-
hanna county, and edited that paper until
March i, 1889, in connection with his
practice of law and congressional ser-
vice at Washington. He came to New
York City in March of that year, and
served about two years on the "New
York World" news editorial staff until
1891 ; and soon thereafter became identi-
fied with various manufacturing enter-
prises in and around New York. He was
vice-president of the Standard Coupler
Company of New York from 1892 to
1894, and president of the same since
that time. The company is engaged in
the manufacture of railroad equipment
and supplies. In 1904 he was elected
chairman of the executive committee of
the Railways Supplymen's Association.
In 1905 he was chosen chairman of the
American Railway Appliance Association,

48:

when he gave a great exhibition of rail-
way appliances at Washington, D. C, in
connection with the International Rail-
way Congress. Soon after that time the
Railway Business Association of the
United States was organized, and Mr.
Post was elected president of the same,
which position he has continued to fill to
the present time (1913) with credit to
himself and the organization. The pur-
pose of this association is to bring about
harmonious relations between the rail-
roads of the country and the public who
patronize those roads. To this end Mi".
Post has frequently made addresses be-
fore State legislatures, public meetings
and banquets, appealing for fair play to
all concerned in railway controversy, and
to enlighten the public on questions af-
fecting railroads. This work has earned
for him the sobriquet of the "Apostle of
good humor," and is a work which has
afforded him a great field of usefulness.

On June 22, 1881, he married Minnie
C. Munson, daughter of Thomas T. Mun-
son, of Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. She
was born in Susquehanna county, and
they have one son, George Adams Post,
born February 26, 1883, at Susquehanna,
Pennsylvania. He graduated from Gram-
mar School No. 54, New York City, then
prepared for college at Stevens Institute,
Hoboken. New Jersey, and later entered
Cornell (New York) University, in 1901,
from which he graduated in 1905, as
mechanical engineer. He married Har-
riet Schneider, September 6, 191 1, at New
York City.

While living at Susquehanna, Pennsyl-
vania, George A. Post Sr. was lieutenant
in Company G, 13th Infantry Regiment,
National Guard of Pennsylvania. He is
a member of the Pennsylvania Society in
New York ; also of the Railroad Club,
and of the Machinery Club, of New York.
When the last mentioned was organized,
in 1907, Mr. Post was made a member of
its board of governors, also served as

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

chairman of its finance committee for two
years, then vice-president for two years,
and in 1911-12 was president of the club.
He was a member of the Council of the
Pennsylvania Society of New York City
from 1909 to 191 1, and is a member of the
board of governors of the Somerville
Country Club of Somerville, New Jersey.
He was a charter member of Keystone
Lodge, Knights of Honor, in Pennsyl-
vania, and later became its chief execu-
tive officer in the State. He also was a
charter member of Susquehanna Lodge
of the Royal Arcanum ; is a member of
Starrucca Blue Lodge, Free and Accepted
Masons ; and was brought up in the faith
of the Methodist Episcopal church.

BLOXHAM, Clarence Livingston,

Auditor ITnion Tank Line Co.

Mr. Clarence L. Bloxham, auditor of
the Union Tank Line Company, with of-
fices at No. 26 Broadway, New York
City, is a resident of Verona, New Jer-
sey. He is a native of Pennsylvania,
having been born in this State, at Ararat,
Susquehanna county, July 6, 1873 ! ^^^
bears a strong and loyal affection for the
place of his birth.

His early education was received in the
district and public schools of Ararat,
where he made continuous and satisfac-
tory progress in his studies along the
usual lines of a good general education.
After this fundamental educational equip-
ment for battle with the world, Mr. Blox-
ham selected pharmacy for his field of
action, and was accordingly admitted as
a student to the New York College of
Pharmacy, from which, after the usual
course, he was graduated with honors in
the class of 1897, receiving his degree of
Ph.G. After his graduation, he entered
at once upon the practice of his new pro-
fession in Montclair, New Jersey, and
afterward at Plainfield, in the same State,
continuing thus as a pharmacist for the

ensuing ten years. At the expiration of
this time he gave up his profession, and
became an inspector, working up to as-
sistant foreman and foreman of a car-
works corporation, being an excellent
mathematician and of an accounting turn
of mind, becoming so proficient and thor-
ough in this new field of labor that he
subsequently became an auditor of the
Union Tank Line, the position in which
he is at present engaged, having taken
up his residence in Verona, and estab-
lished himself in his business oflSces in
New York. Mr. Bloxham has won for
himself in the past decade the sincere re-
gard and esteem of a wide circle of busi-
ness friends and associates, and is well
known in the commercial world. He is
popular among his acquaintances, but is
not a clubman, making business his par-
amount interest, although he does not
neglect the social amenities.

By reason of his ancestry he is fond
of all things English, his grandfather, Ed-
ward Bloxham, having come over from
England during the early part of the last
century and settled on a farm at Ararat,
Pennsylvania. Mr. Bloxham's father,
William George Bloxham, also a farmer,
was born in 1834, at Jackson, Susque-
hanna county, dying there in 1882. Mr.
Bloxham's mother, who was a Miss Jane
Dunn before her marriage, was born at
Herrick, Susquehanna county, in 1834,
dying in 1879. There were seven chil-
dren in the family: Clarence Livingston,
who is at present under consideration ;
Charles Mason, born at Ararat in De-
cember, 1869, and married to Miss Eva
Wilder; Eva Sophia, born at Ararat, and
now deceased ; Mary Elizabeth, born at
Ararat, and now married to Mr. George
E. Delany ; Delphine, born at Ararat, and
married to Mr. William Wier; Abagail,
married to Homer Wilcox, both now de-
ceased; Alice Jane, married to Ora T.
Culver.

Mr. Bloxham, like the rest of his fam-

482

^-<;^ ^y^^u-'^^f-^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ily, is a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal church. He was married, in Sep-
tember, 1904, to Miss Pearl Thorpe, born
July 17, 1876, in Cleveland, Ohio, daugh-
ter of Mr. Clark Thorpe, of that city.
Mr. and Mrs. Bloxham have one son,
William Robert Bloxham, born Decem-
ber 6, 191 1, at Newark, New Jersey.

Though Mr. Bloxham is a most public-
spirited citizen, taking a keen interest in
the good of the community, he is not
prominent as a politician, nor does he
seek office; he is a member of the Pro-
hibition party, whose principles he warm-
ly espouses, and whose best interest he
consistently upholds.

NEWMYER, John Stricklter,

Man of Large ASairi.

The position of Pennsylvania in the
Union is a dominant one, made so by
her people — active, alert and ever en-
gaged in those enterprises from which
spring success, power, wealth, fame and
fortune. The rich coal beds, the valu-
able iron deposits of the Keystone State
would be as naught but for the labor,
intelligence and aggressiveness of her
sons, and conspicuous among those who
aided in their development was the late
John Strickler Newmyer, of Dawson, gen-
eral manager of the Washington Coal
and Coke Company. For a quarter of a
century Mr. Newmyer was a power in
the industrial world of Western Penn-
sylvania and was prominently identified
with the best and leading interests of his
community.

Peter Newmyer, great-grandfather of
John Strickler Newmyer, migrated dur-
ing the Revolutionary war from the east-
ern part of the State, and settled in Bull-
skin township, Pennsylvania, where he
engaged in farming, making a home in
the wilderness for himself and his de-
scendants.

Jacob, eldest of the eight children of

Peter Newmyer, was born in 1784. Like
his father, he followed the calling of a
farmer. He married and was the father
of eight children. His death occurred
in 1864.

Jacob (2), son of Jacob (i) Newmyer,
was born April 29, 1817, and was the
third in a line of farmers. He married,
in 1842, Mary, daughter of John Strick-
ler, and among the six children born to
them was John Strickler, mentioned be-
low. Jacob Newmyer was a Republican,
and a member of the Christian church, as
his father had been before him. He lived
to the venerable age of ninety-two, re-
spected by the entire community of
Lower Tyrone township.

John Strickler, son of Jacob (2) and
Mary (Strickler) Newmyer, was born De-
cember 17, 1847, on his father's farm in
Lower Tyrone township, Fayette county,
Pennsylvania. He received such advan-
tages of education as the neighboring
country school afforded, and during his
early manhood engaged in agricultural
pursuits. Coal was discovered on the
farm in large quantities, and in the spring
of 1880 he formed, with his father and his
brother James, the firm of Newmyer &
Sons, and abandoned the tillage of the
soil in order to mine and coke the rich
deposits found therein. The mines on
the estate are now known as the Cora
mines, and with their development be-
gan that series of speculations which was
to make John Strickler Newmyer the
pioneer of the Lower Connellsville coke
region and to spread his fame throughout
his native State. At their inception the
firm operated forty-two coke ovens.
Twelve years later, in another enter-
prise, the number operated by Mr. New-
myer was one thousand. In the spring
of 1891, this aggressive business man,
with a foresight which was beyond the
comprehension of any of his contempo-
raries, began the purchase of coal lands
in Perry and Washington townships, just

483

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

outside the limits of the Connellsville re-
gion as recognized by the United States
Geological Survey. He bought over one
thousand acres of what is now the finest
steam coal land in Western Pennsylvania,
paying from $50 to $150 an acre. In mak-
ing this venture he was generally thought
to be misled, but the result more than
justified the accuracy of his judgment.
The next step was the organization of
the Washington Coal and Coke Company.
Mr. Newmyer had fifty ovens built, a
shaft sunk and a joist set at Star Junc-
tion, and in July, 1891, made application
for a charter. With characteristic kind-
liness he gave his neighbors the first op-
portunity of becoming members of the
new company, which in August, under
his general management, entered upon a
brilliant career of activity. The pioneer
plant comprised 1,000 coke ovens, with
a daily capacity of 6,000 tons, both coal
and coke. In the whole Lower Connells-
ville region there are now 8,400 ovens,
with a weekly capacity of more than
100,000 tons. Men never hesitate to fol-
low a leader when they can find one like
John Strickler Newmyer.

As general manager of the Washing-
ton Coal and Coke Company, his business
interests were of a most important na-
ture, demanding the services of one whose
ability was of a superior order and whose
well-balanced forces were manifest in
sound judgment and a ready and rapid
understanding of any problem that might
be presented for solution. Possessing as
he did that greatest of all assets, — per-
sonality,— he placed upon every enter-
prise with which he was connected an in-
delible and unmistakable stamp, the
stamp of the vitalizing energy of a sin-
gularly strong nature. His subordinates
were enthusiastically devoted to his in-
terests, the result of the unvarying jus-
tice and kindliness which had ever
marked his relations with them, and to

which no small portion of his success was
undoubtedly to be attributed.

Widely sought as a member of boards
of directors, Mr. Newijiyer was at the
time of his death, in addition to being a
director and large stockholder in the
Washington Coal and Coke Company, a
stockholder, director and general man-
ager of the Dawson Electric Power and
Light Company and the Washington Run
Railroad Company. He was a director
and chairman of the board of managers
of the Star Supply Company, a stock-
holder and director of the Cochran Coal
and Coke Company, and a shareholder
and director of the First National Bank
of Dawson and of Star Junction, a city
in the founding of which he was largely
instrumental. He was also a stockholder
and director in the Industrial National
Bank of Pittsburgh and held titles to
sixty thousand acres of undeveloped coal
land in West Virginia.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and civic virtue, Mr. New-
myer stood in the front rank, and as a
vigilant and attentive observer of men
and measures, holding sound opinions
and liberal views, his ideas carried weight
among those with whom he discussed
public problems. Every ready to respond
to any deserving call made upon him, the
full number of his benefactions will, in
all probability, never be known to the
world, for his charity was of the kind
that shuns publicity. He belonged to
the Royal Arcanum of Dawson, the
Monongahela Club of Pittsburgh, and for
many years served as deacon in the
Christian church. The Bethel Christian
Church, which for a long period he at-
tended regularly with his family, stands
on the site of the homestead in Lower
Tyrone township, the interior being fit-
ted, through the liberality of Mr. and
Mrs. Newmyer, with mahogany, and trees
and shrubbery being planted about the
building.

484

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

The personal appearance of Mr. New-
myer was striking, and once seen, he was
not easily forgotten. Of imposing pro-
portions, his strongly marked features ac-
centuated by a dark brown mustache and
his whole countenance illumined by eyes
piercing in the intensity of their gaze and
yet holding in their depths the glint of
humor, he was one who drew men to him.
Of a nature so genial and sympathetic
as to possess a rare magnetism he in-
spired the same loyal friendship which
was ever one of his salient characteristics.
He was a man of noble aspirations, plac-
ing humanity above money, and seeking
rather to accomplish large results than to
accumulate mere wealth.

Mr. Newmyer married, October 22,
1868, Lucy Frick, daughter of Samuel
and Harriet Gallatin, the former a col-
lateral descendant of Albert Gallatin, the
distinguished Swiss emigre, prominent
as the congressional rival of John Quincy
Adams and as secretary of the treasury
and minister, first to France and then to
England. Mr. and Mrs. Newmyer were
the parents of three daughters: Cora,
wife of Frank Tucker, of Youngstown,
Ohio; Mary, wife of O. R. Degelman, of
Pittsburgh; and Bessie, wife of A. J.
Wurtz, also of Pittsburgh. In Mrs. New-
myer, a woman of culture and character,
her husband ever found, throughout their
union of nearly forty years, a helpmate
truly ideal, sympathizing, inspiring and
soothing, causing him to enjoy in his
home his highest happiness and most per-
fect repose. Devotion to his family was
the ruling motive in Mr. Newmyer's life,
and the beautiful and costly residence
which he erected in Dawson was the
shrine of his fondest affections. Mrs.
Newmyer was one of the city's most
charming and popular hostesses and few
men have had more notable social gifts
than those with which Mr. Newmyer was
liberally endowed. Mrs. Newmyer now
resides in Pittsburgh, she and her two

daughters being among the recognized
leaders of society in that city.

In the prime of life Mr. Newmyer
closed his brilliant and honorable career,
passing away, July 14, 1906, leaving the
record of a course of years in which
marked business ability and humanitari-
anism were well balanced forces. The
absolute confidence and highest esteem of
the community were his. He was an ad-
ministrative genius and a true man. Some
men, like radium, seem to possess that
secret of perpetual energy which science
cannot explain. One of these men was
John Strickler Newmyer and his name
will live in the annals of his native State
as that of one of the Makers of Modern
Pennsylvania.

MEARS, Clem Bird,

Financier.

Mr. Clem B. Mears, member of the firm
of H. L. Horton & Company, No. 60
Broadway, New York City, and one of
the most prominent stock brokers in New
York, is a resident of Jersey City, where
he has a delightful home at No. 74 Bent-
ley Avenue. Mr. Mears is a native, how-
ever, of Berwick, Pennsylvania, where he
was born April 13, 1859. His father was
Jeremiah Hewes Mears, who died in De-
cember, 1886, having been widely known
as an architect and contractor, largely in-
terested in local mining interests. Mr.
Mears' mother was Miss Catharine Jane
Hull prior to her marriage ; she was a
native of Berwick, Pennsylvania, where
she was born March 2, 1836. Mr. Mears
has one sister, Elizabeth Maud, born at
Berwick, March 11, 1866, who is married
to Mr. Barton Dill Freas, and has one
son, Frederic Mears Freas. The Mears
family is of old colonial stock, and one of
the oldest in this section.

Mr. Mears received his early education
in the public schools of Berwick, includ-
ing the high school there, and at private

485

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

schools in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania. He
entered business life at the conclusion of
his early studies, in the capacity of mes-
senger boy in a book and stationery store.
Being of an unusually active disposition
and with a bright mind, he gathered
knowledge in every way and from all
sources. As there was a telegraph office
in the establishment in which he was em-
ployed, his interest was at once attracted,
and he soon picked up a knowledge of
telegraphy, becoming eventually one of
the most expert operators in the United
States, as well as the youngest. In the
practice of this art he realized at an early
day the necessity for a more thorough
education that he at that time possessed,
and, with a rare amount of common sense,
left his business and returned to school in
order to obtain this. The event justified
his good judgment, and upon finally leav-
ing school he re-entered business life, be-
coming manager of the Western Union
Telegraph office at Shenandoah. Here he
remained until 1878, when he left Shenan-
doah, and going to New York received
the appointment of Western Union Tele-
graph operator at the New York Stock
Exchange, continuing there for a year.

In 1879 he entered the employ of
Messrs. H. L. Horton & Company, stock
brokers, in the capacity of telegraph
clerk, and his quickness, adaptability, and
general worth soon earned for him the
position of manager of the office. He
rapidly rose in the esteem of the firm
and, acquiring a thorough knowledge of
the business in all of its details, became
indispensable to them, and finally, in 1900,
was admitted into the partnership. The
firm has now been in business for a period
of more than fifty years and is one of the
best known and most eminently respected
in New York City.

Mr. Mears has won for himself per-
sonally a regard that is very enviable,
not only among his business associates
and other brokers and dealers, but in pub-

lic life generally. He is officially con-
nected with a number of public and pri-
vate enterprises for the good of the com-
munity, and is a director and trustee of
the Home for the Homeless in Jersey City.
He is a member of the organization of
the Pilgrims of the United States, and of
the Pennsylvania Society of New York
City, being a loyal lover of his native
State. He is deeply interested in Free-
masonry, and is a member and past mas-
ter of Jersey City Lodge No. 74, Free
and Accepted Masons ; he is also a mem-
ber of the Scottish Rite Masons, having
been for many years their treasurer; and
was largely instrumental in the erection
of their beautiful Temple in Jersey City.
Mr. Mears is also a popular clubman, and
is a member of a number of the most ex-
clusive clubs of New York City, belong-
ing to the Union League and Lotus clubs.
He is keenly interested in athletic and all
out-of-door sports and exercises, having
membership in the New York Athletic
Club and the Columljia Yacht Club. He
belongs also to the Auto Club of Amer-
ica, and to that of Hudson county. New
Jersey, as well as to the Automobile and
Motor Club of Newark, being a great au-
tomobilist and the possessor of fine cars.
Mr. Mears is also a member of the New
York Cotton Exchange. In politics he is
a Republican, his opinion being of con-
siderable weight among his associates,
and his influence strong for the public
good. As an enthusiastic disciple of Isaak
Walton, Mr. Mears is well known among
the lovers of the gentle art, and is par-
ticularly fond of bass fishing, having
written magazine articles on the subject,
showing the delights and benefits of this
recreation. He is also interested in ama-
teur photography, with a keen and alert
enjoyment of out of doors and its many
healthful and invigorating sports. Mr.
Mears is a member of the First Presby-
terian Church in Jersey City, of which his
family are also attendants.

486

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

On March 3, 1886, he was married to
Miss Eleanor Onslow, daughter of
Adolph Onslow, of Piedmont, New York,
where she was born. Mr. and Mrs. Mears
have one child, a daughter. Hazel Mears,
born September 25, 1893.

FRUEAUFF, Frank W.,

Financier, Man of Affairs.

Frank Wheatcroft Frueauflf, member of
the well-known firm of Henry L. Doherty
& Company, bankers, of New York City,
vice-president of the Cities Service Com-
pany, and prominently connected with a
number of leading commercial and finan-
cial organizations, is a representative of
one of those Pennsylvania families of
German origin which have been so large-
ly instrumental in the upbuilding and
maintenance of the industrial, financial
and professional interests of the Keystone
State. Mr. Frueauff has been for some
years resident in New York City, and is
widely known as a brilliantly successful
man of affairs.

His father, John Frederick Frueauflf,
was born August 25, 1837, in Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania, and educated at the Uni-
versity of Heidelberg, Germany. He was
a member of the legal profession. During
the Civil War he enlisted for three
months in the First Regiment, Pennsyl-
vania Volunteer Infantry, and subse-
quently served with the rank of major in
the 153d Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teer Infantry. During the mining ex-
citement of 1879, Major Frueauff re-
moved to Leadville, Colorado, and there
engaged during the remainder of his life
in the practice of his profession. He mar-
ried, June 25, 1871, Annie Day Taggart,
born March 2, 1850, near Northumber-
land, Pennsylvania, daughter of M. H.
Taggart, and their children were : John
F., born April 8, 1872, now with the Spo-
kane, Washington, Gas Company; Frank
Wheatcroft, mentioned below; Harry D.,

born August 15, 1875, married Clara
Dinwitta (since deceased), and is now
manager of the Salina (Missouri) Elec-
tric Light and Traction Company ; Wil-
liam A., born December 12, 1876, now
with the Power Company, Grand Junc-
tion, Colorado ; Charles A., born April 29,
1878, graduate of University of Michigan,
now practicing law in New York City ;
and Houston T., born February 17, 1887,
died at the age of fourteen years. All
these sons, with the exception of Houston
T., the youngest and the sixth, who was
born at Leadville, Colorado, were natives
of Columbia, Pennsylvania. John Fred-
erick Frueauff, the father, died November
25, 1886, at Leadville, Colorado.

Frank Wheatcroft, son of John Fred-
erick and Annie Day (Taggart) Frueauff,
was born March 29, 1874, at Columbia,
Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and re-
ceived his education in the public schools
of Leadville, Colorado, and in the Den-
ver (Colorado) high school. After com-
pleting his course of study he entered the
service of the Denver Consolidated Elec-
tric Company in the capacity of meter
reader, his ability and faithfulness caus-
ing him to be promoted successively to
the positions of bookkeeper, assistant
cashier and cashier. When the company
was consolidated with the Denver Gas
Company under the name of the Denver
Gas and Electric Company, Mr. Frueauff
first became its secretary and then gen-
eral manager and vice-president. His firm
is now operating and financing gas, elec-
tric and street railway companies in vari-
ous parts of the United States and Can-
ada.

His marvelous facility in the dispatch
of business enables him, notwithstanding
the engrossing demands and onerous
duties of his position, to give due atten-
tion to a number of other interests. In
addition to his membership in the bank-
ing firm of Henry L. Doherty & Com-
pany, he is vice-president of the Doherty

487

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Operating Company, the Pueblo Gas and
Fuel Company of Colorado, the Lebanon
Gas and Fuel Company of Pennsylvania,
the Montgomery Light and Water Com-
pany of Alabama, the Lincoln Gas and
Electric Company of Colorado, the Em-
pire District Electric Company of Mis-
souri, the Spokane (Washington) Gas
and Fuel Company, the Gas and Electric
Securities Company, and a director in
about thirty other public utility corpora-
tions. He is the treasurer of the Summit
County Power Company, Colorado, past
president of the National Electric Light
Association, and ex-president of the
National Commercial Gas Association
and the Colorado Light, Power and Rail-
way Association. He affiliates with Den-
ver Lodge, No. 5, F. and A. M., and be-
longs to the Pennsylvania Society of New
York City, the American Institute of
Electrical Engineers, the Engineers' and
Lawyers' clubs of New York City; the
Denver, Athletic, Country, Motor, Over-
land and Traffic clubs of Denver, Colo-
rado; and the Garden City (Long Island)
Club. He is a member of the Central
Presbyterian Church, of Denver, Colo-
rado.

Mr. Frueauff married, November 30,
1909, Antoinette, bo^n June 27, 1888, in
Denver, Colorado, daughter of William
R. and Minnie (Hall) Perry, and they
are the parents of one daughter : Mar-
garet Hall, born February 23, 1913, in
Denver, Colorado.

Some men there are whose activities
are so varied and so widely scattered that
they seem not to belong exclusively to
any one city or State, and Frank Wheat-
croft Frueauff is distinctly of this notable
class of our citizens. The place of his
nativity has, however, a claim prior and
superior to that of any other, and it is
by reason of the fact that he is by birth
a Pennsylvanian that the old common-
wealth claims him as her own and de-

mands that his name shall be inscribed
upon her annals.

GIBSON, Capt. Francis Marion,
Soldier, Fnblie Official.

The Gibson family of Charleston,
South Carolina, and of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, are of Scotch descent.

James Gibson, the emigrant ancestor,
was born in Scotland. He came to Amer-
ica and married Elizabeth Capeland, of
Pennsylvania; afterward he moved to
Charleston, South Carolina, where some
if not all of his children were born.

James George, son of James and Eliza-
beth (Capeland) Gibson, was born in
1808, at Charleston, South Carolina. He
was educated for the legal profession and
practiced law at Philadelphia ; he resided
in Philadelphia from about 1836 until his
demise there in 1864. He brought up his
children in said last mentioned city. He
married Margaret Ruff, of Philadelphia,
who was born there in 1812, died in 1885,
in that city. She was the sister of Charles
Frederick Ruff, who entered the United
States military service as a cadet from
Pennsylvania, graduated from West Point
Military Academy, September i, 1838,
and served in the war with Mexico in
1847-48 and in the war of the rebellion.
He retired and on March 13, 1865, he re-
ceived the brevet rank of brigadier-gen-
eral United States Army for faithful and
meritorious services in the recruitment of
the armies of the United States during the
Civil War. Issue of Margaret (Ruff) Gib-
son, nine children, namely: i. William
Ruff, born in 1834 at Charleston, South
Carolina; married (first) Kate Johnson,
of Philadelphia, and (second) a Miss
Thrall, who had four children, viz. : Eliza-
beth, Mable, Helen, Charlotte Gibson.
2. James G. Jr., born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, in 1835 ; married Mary
Robinson, of Philadelphia, and had one
child, a daughter, Mary E., still living, the

488

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

widow of Edward Cheyney ; James G.
Gibson Jr. studied and practiced law in
Philadelphia, and died in 1857. 3. Mary
E., born in 1836, at Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania; married William Gibson, by
whom she had a daughter, Margaret Ruff
Gibson. 4. Joseph Ruff, born January 2,
1838, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; was
educated in Philadelphia and graduated
from the University of Pennsylvania
Medical College; in 1862 was appointed
surgeon in the United States regular
army; died at Philadelphia in 1910; he
married Helen Holmes, of Charleston,
South Carolina, who had issue: Joseph
Ruff Jr., Ralph H., Julian H., James G.,
Helen Gibson. 5. Charles Henry, born
July, 1840, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
received an academical education in
Philadelphia public schools ; was ap-
pointed cadet from Pennsylvania to the
West Point Military Academy, July i,
1856; appointed second lieutenant of
Second Regiment of Dragoons, May 6,
1861 ; transferred to the Second Cavalry,
August 3, 1861 ; promoted to first lieu-
tenant, November 12, 1861 ; resigned
from the service. May 30, 1864; he mar-
ried Flota Clarke, of Philadelphia, who
had two children: Persifal F. and Flor-
ence Gibson. 6. Elizabeth, born in 1842
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; died
young. 7. Margaret S., born in 1844 in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was liv-
ing there in 1912, unmarried. 8. Annie
R., born in February, 1846, in Philadel-
phia, and was living there in 1912, unmar-
ried. 9. Francis Marion, of whom see
forward.

Francis Marion, son of James George
and Margaret (Ruff) Gibson, was born
December 14, 1847, in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. He was educated in the
local public and private schools of his
native village, which he attended until he
was about twenty years of age. Was
then appointed second lieutenant of the
Seventh Cavalry Regiment United States

army, October 5, 1867, from civil life ;
promoted to first lieutenant July 11,
1871, was made captain February 5,
1880, and remained in the service twenty-
four years, until he retired, December 3,
1891. He saw a varied and arduous ser-
vice, principally against the wild Indian
tribes in the western part of the United
States. He was in the Washita engage-
ment of November, 1868, and prepared
an account of the part taken by the 7th
United States Regiment Cavalry, in that
fight, which was incorporated into a re-
port of the action published by the United
States War Department. He was also in
the famous battle of the Little Big Horn,
June 26, 1876, in which General Custer
and his command were cut off from their
supporting army and he and his com-
panions were surrounded and slain by the
Indians, under Chief Sitting Bull and
Rain-in-the-face ; also, in the noted en-
gagement of Bear-Bow Mountain, Mon-
tana, in 1877; and in numerous other
battles and skirmishes with the Indians.

After retiring from military life, Cap-
tain Gibson became identified with vari-
ous industrial corporations, and is a di-
rector of the Iron and Steel Crown Cast-
ing Company, of New Jersey; also vice-
president of the Canadian Crown Com-
pany. In 1895 he received an appoint-
ment to the New York City Street
Cleaning Department under Colonel War-
ing, and served as deputy commissioner,
Department of Street Cleaning, New
York City, through five successive muni-
cipal administrations, in all twelve years
until 1907, when he retired from active
business.

He married Kate Garrett, daughter of
Milton and Mary (Caldwell) Garrett, of
Virginia., in 1870, at Washington, D. C.
Issue : A daughter, namely, Katharine
Gibson, born December 11, 1873, at Fort
Meade, Dakota ; married Frederick T.
Lewis, June 12, 1900, in New York City,
and had as issue a son, Frederick Gibson

489

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Lewis, born March 17, 1901, in New
York.

Captain Gibson is a member of the So-
ciety of American Wars, and is senior
vice-commander of the New York Com-
mandery. He and his family are mem-
bers of the Protestant Episcopal church ;
he is a member of the Pennsylvania So-
ciety in New York ; the St. Nicholas Club
of New York City; the Manhattan and
the Machinery clubs of New York City ;
the Army and Navy Club of Philadel-
phia, and the Army and Navy Club of
London, England.

CLIFT, Edward Henry,

Commission Merchant.

Edward Henry Clift, first vice-presi-
dent of the American Protective Tariff
League, is a prominent merchant of New
York City. He was born November 18,
1851, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and
is the son of Edward and Martha T.
(Hering) Clift. His father was a scion
of old English Quaker ancestry, whose
antecedents settled in West Jersey dur-
ing early colonial days, and intermarried
with New Jersey Dutch families ; and his
mother was a daughter of Abner Hering,
who resided near Dover, Delaware, and
was of English, French-Huguenot and
Irish extraction. Edward Clift died aged
about twenty-nine years, in 1859, ^""i the
son was left to the care of his mother,
when only eight years old.

He was educated by special tutors and
at private schools in Philadelphia until he
attained the age of sixteen years, and was
then placed in a commercial house in
Philadelphia, where he learned the techni-
cal details of the mercantile business, in-
cluding a drill in various financial and
manufacturing departments. Meanwhile
he came to New York, and in 1891 be-
came a member of the firm of Critten,
Clift & Company, of New York City,
manufacturers' agents for domestic mer-

chandise, and continued as a member of
that firm until June i, 1908, when, in
consequence of the prior death of Mr.
DeFrees Critten, November 29, 1907, the
firm was reorganized as Clift & Goodrich.
This firm does an extensive business as
general commission merchants in knit un-
derwear, and are among the largest deal-
ers in their particular line in New York,
with branches in Chicago, Philadelphia
and Boston. The principal office of the
firm is at 80-82 Leonard street. New York
City.

In politics Mr. Clift is affiliated with
the Republican party. He is an ardent
enthusiast of the doctrine of a protective
tariff for American industries, and is the
first vice-president of the American Pro-
tective Tariff League of New York. He
is a member of the Merchants, the Union
League, and New York Riding clubs ;
also of the Pennsylvania Society of New
York.

HUNSICKER, Alvin,

Prominent Mannfaotnrer, Active in
Commnnity Affairs.

The Hunsicker families of Philadelphia
and of Bucks and Montgomery counties,
Pennsylvania, trace their origin in Ameri-
ca to Valentine Hunsicker, who was born
about 1700, in the canton of Zurich,
Switzerland. He was left an orphan early
in life, and came to Philadelphia in 1717,
with his maternal grandfather, Valentine
Klemmer. After a short stay in German-
town, Pennsylvania, with other settlers
from the Palatinate on the Rhine, the
family, accompanied by others of like con-
dition as themselves, pushed on into the
then outlying wilderness of Eastern
Pennsylvania ; and settled in a district
later known as Lower Milford, in North-
ern Bucks county, Pennsylvania.

About 1720 or 1721, young Valentine
Hunsicker went with his maternal uncle,
Henry Klemmer, a stone mason, to Van

490

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Bebber township, afterwards known as
Skippack, and assisted his relative as
laborer in the construction of stone build-
ings in that locality. In 1724 they built
the first Mennonite meeting house at
Skippack, and the second of its kind in
America. Valentine Hunsicker settled at
Skippack and purchased 125 acres of wild
land there at five shillings per acre, to
which he subsequently added 100 acres
more, and that holding became the oldest
and most noted seat of the family in this
-county, it being held successively by de-
scendants of the original settler for about
170 years.

Valentine Hunsicker married (first) in
1728, but the name of his wife is un-
known. His wife died in 1732, leaving
two children; Elizabeth Hunsicker, who
married a man named Ruth, but of whose
descendants, if any, nothing is known ;
and Samuel Hunsicker, who died unmar-
ried. Valentine Hunsicker married (sec-
ond) Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and
Sara (Van Sintern) Kolb, in 1735, at
Germantown, Pennsylvania. She was
born June 23, 1716, and survived her hus-
band, whose will was probated February
21, 1782, and who was descended pater-
nally from Dielman Kolb, of Wolfstein, in
Baden, Germany. He was born in 1648,
died in 1712, and was buried at Mann-
heim ; married a daughter of Peter Schu-
maker who came to Germantown, Penn-
sylvania, in 1685; and died there in 1707,
aged eighty-five years. Their son, Jacob
Kolb, born May 21, 1685, married Sara,
daughter of Isaac and Neeltje (Classen)
Van Sintern, May 21, 1710, in the Men-
nonite meeting house at Germantown,
Pennsylvania. She was born in 1690,
died April 25, 1766; and was the grand-
daughter of Pieter Van Sintern, born
April 22, 1628, died March 25, 1669; and
of Sarah De Vossen, born October, 1629,
married, May 6, 1655, died February 2,
1669; and was descended from Jan De
Vossen, who married Prientje Batten ;

and was burgomaster von Hand-Schot-
ten, in Flanders, about 1550; but after-
ward of Colchester, England, and later
returned to Amsterdam, Holland, where
they joined the Mennonites. Issue of
Elizabeth (Kolb) Hunsicker: i. Jacob
Hunsicker, born October 13, 1736; mar-
ried Elizabeth Clemens, May 5, 1763; and
died at Perkasie, Pennsylvania, leaving
three sons and seven daughters. 2. Isaac
Hunsicker, born September 28, 1738,
married Barbara Greder, November 5,
1767, and died February, 1828, in Skip-
pack township, leaving three sons and
seven daughters. 3. Sara Hunsicker,
born January i, 1740; married Godshalk
Godshalk, October 6, 1765; and left
one son and two daughters, in Lower
Salford township, Montgomery county,
Pennsylvania. 4. Valentine Hunsicker,
born February 18, 1742, died young.

5. Catherine Hunsicker, born Febru-
ary 25, 1744, married Gerhardt Clem-
ens, May 29, 1766, and died March

6, 1826, leaving two sons and three
daughters, in Lower Salford township,
Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. 6.
Abraham Hunsicker, born May 6, 174/'
died March 4, 1749. 7. Henry Hun-
sicker, of whom further.

Henry Hunsicker, son of Valentine and
Elizabeth (Kolb) Hunsicker, was born
March 7, 1752, at the old homestead in
Skippack township, Montgomery county,
Pennsylvania. He was brought up on
his father's farm, with but few opportuni-
ties to acquire an education ; however,
these he improved to such an extent that
he had a fair education, and in early man-
hood was able to speak and write both
English and German very well. He in-
herited his father's plantation in Perkio-
men and Skippack township, county of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and early be-
came a man of local distinction in the
community where he lived. At the age of
thirty years he was ordained a minister
in the Mennonite church, and was soon

491

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

afterward made the ruling bishop of the
district. His warmhearted personal in-
terest in the people around him endeared
him to them generally; and in time he
became not only popular in his commu-
nity, but a gifted leader in his church as
well. His time was much employed in
giving advice to those in distress, and in
settling estates and acting as guardian
for orphans. He served his church faith-
fully as a minister for fifty-four years,
and died June 8, 1836, at his home, and
his mortal remains were laid to rest be-
side those of his wife in the cemetery of
the Old Skippack Mennonite Church.

He married Esther Detweiler, Decem-
ber 6, 1772, at Skippack, Pennsylvania.
She was born March 13, 1751, died Au-
gust 18, 1829, and was the daughter of
John Detweiler who came from an old
Mennonite family of Skippack township,
now Montgomery county, Pennsylvania.
Issue of Henry and Esther (Detweiler)
Hunsicker: i. John Hunsicker, born Au-
gust 2J, 1773, married Elizabeth Det-
weiler, and had surviving three sons and
three daughters. 2. Elizabeth Hunsicker,
born September 7, 1775, married Abra-
ham Bertholet, and had three sons. 3.
Anna Hunsicker, born October 3, 1777,
married Abraham Johnson, and had four
sons and two daughters. 4. Catherine
Hunsicker, born November 5, 1779, mar-
ried Ludwig Grater, and had four sons
and four daughters. 5. Henry Hun-
sicker, born January 11, 1782, married
Mary Detweiler, and had four sons and
five daughters. 6. Jacob Hunsicker, mar-
ried Sara Kolb, born August 29, 1784,
had four sons and three daughters. 7.
Gerhardt Hunsicker, born November 26,
1786, married Catherine Detweiler, and
had four sons and four daughters. 8.
Abraham Hunsicker, born April 20, 1789,
died May 4, 1789. 9. Sara Hunsicker,
born August 30, 1790, married Anthony
Vanderslice, had four sons and seven

daughters. 10. Abraham, of whom fur-
ther.

Abraham Hunsicker, son of Henry and
Esther (Detweiler) Hunsicker, was born
July 31, 1793, in East Perkiomen town-
ship, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania.
His educational facilities in early life
were limited to a few months spent each
winter at the local country school, often
illy taught and poorly attended, while the
spring and summer months were devoted
to farm work, with little opportunity for
educational improvement; but despite
these educational handicaps, he mastered
the rudimentary elements of reading, writ-
ing and arithmetic. However, his active
mind felt keenly these deprivations,
which were accentuated as he became a
man of importance in the community. He
resolved to found a school which would
in a measure supply that deficiency in his
community. However, the members of
the Mennonite church to which he be-
longed opposed such an innovation and
were opposed to the idea of a high school.
The subject was considered at the Gen-
eral Mennonite Conference held in Fran-
conia, Pennsylvania, in May, 1846; and
the discussion resulted in a schism with-
in the church, and was followed by the
passage of an ordinance that virtually
excommunicated all members who op-
posed the long established customs of the
Mennonite church.

According to custom, on January i,
1847, the Mennonites met in their meet-
ing house at Skippack, Pennsylvania, and
elected by lot Abraham Hunsicker to be
their minister; and this responsibility, to-
gether with the knowledge that he was
illy prepared for such a position, greatly
burdened his conscience. In prayer he
sought the guidance of the Allwise Crea-
tor, invoked the blessings of God upon
his mind and work, to give him wisdom
in the discharge of his duties ; and his ef-
forts were crowned with such success
that he won the approbation of his con-

492

^\[^PnjCr/f/

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

gregation. He planned to found a school
which was the great object then of his
ambition. In November, 1847, his broth-
er, Rev. John Hunsicker, died, and by
that event the office of presiding bishop
of the Skippack, Methatchen and Provi-
dence churches devolved upon him. This
added new responsibilities, but as he be-
came the directing authority of those
churches it paved the way to attain his
cherished project, so in 1848 he founded
Freeland Seminary, and placed his son,
Henry A. Hunsicker, as principal over
it. It was made non-sectarian, and while
it received but little patronage from the
Mennonites, it was heartily supported by
an appreciative public outside of that de-
nomination. The success of this institu-
tion encouraged the Rev. Abraham Hun-
sicker to establish a non-sectarian church,
and in 1853, he built the Christian Trin-
ity Church at his home, which provided a
place of worship open to all Christian de-
nominations alike. As Freeland Semi-
nary had provided education for males
only, in 185 1 the Rev. Hunsicker estab-
lished the Pennsylvania Female College
for girls, under the direction of Prof. J.
Warrene Sunderland. These two institu-
tions exerted a wonderfully beneficial in-
fluence on the rising generation of the
surrounding community.

He married Elizabeth Alderfer, daugh-
ter of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Shoe-
maker) Alderfer, May 30, 1816, at Lower
Salford, Pennsylvania. She was born
November 16, 1798, in Montgomery coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, and died February 15.
1898, in her one-hundredth year. Her
father, Benjamin Alderfer, was born Oc-
tober 18, 1771 ; married Elizabeth Shoe-
maker, and died June 18, 1840; and her
paternal grandfather, John Alderfer, was
born February 8, 1745, married Elizabeth
Rosenberger, and died December 19,
1820, in Pennsylvania. His great-grand-
father, Frederick Alderfer, was the ances-
tor of the Alderfer family in America;

he was born May 18, 1715, in the Pala-
tinate of Bavaria, Germany ; arrived at
Philadelphia in the ship "Samuel," Au-
gust II, 1732; was christened a Lutheran,
but joined the Mennonites in America ;
married Anna Detweiler Klemmer in
Pennsylvania; he died November 7, 1801,
and was the father of four sons, and two
daughters. Issue of Abraham and Eliza-
beth (Alderfer) Hunsicker: i. Ann Hun-
sicker, born July 5, 1817, married John B.
Landis, and had six sons and seven
daughters. 2. Benjamin A. Hunsicker,
born November 13, 1819, married Hannah
Detweiler, and had four children. 3. Es-
ther Hunsicker, born January 3, 1822,
married (first) Abraham Detweiler, mar-
ried (second) Gideon Fetterolf, and had
five sons and one daughter. 4. Henry A.
Hunsicker, of whom further. 5. Abra-
ham Hunsicker, born July 8, 1829, mar-
ried Rachel Rittenhouse, and had two
sons and four daughters. 6. Elizabeth
Hunsicker, born August 14, 1831, married
Francis R. S. Hunsicker, and had one son
and six daughters. 7. Elias A. Hunsicker,
born JMarch 28, 1834, married Susan F.
Moyer, and had one son and one daugh-
ter. 8. Mary A. Hunsicker, born Novem-
ber 6, 1836, married Jared T. Preston, and
had two sons and one daughter. 9. Cath-
erine Hunsicker, born January 9, 1840,
married Joseph H. Hendricks, and had
one son and four daughters. 10. Horace
M. Hunsicker, born February 15, 1843,
married Ann Eliza Cosgrove, and had
one son and two daughters.

Henry A. Hunsicker, son of Abraham
and Elizabeth (Alderfer) Hunsicker, was
born November 10, 1825, in what is now
Collegeville, Montgomery county, Penn-
sylvania. He was a farmer's son, inured
to the hardships and deprivations of life
incident to that early period when the
axe, the hoe, the simple plowshare, and
the scythe, were the principal implements
of the husbandmen. There were but few
schools which in rural communities open

493

ENCYCXOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

for some three or four months during the
winter, and these were often presided
over by poor teachers sadly qualified for
their position. Under these conditions
Henry A. Hunsicker showed an aptitude
for study that encouraged his father to
send him to a boarding school kept by
Mr. Henry Prizer at Trappe, Montgom-
ery county, Pennsylvania. His teacher
died but was succeeded by Rev. Henry S.
Rodenbaugh, under whom he continued
until 1845, ^nd afterward became a pupil
of Rev. Samuel Aaron, at Norristown,
Pennsylvania. However, as early as the
autumn of 1843, he taught a country sub-
scription school in Lower Salford town-
ship, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania,
and thus alternated study and teaching
for five years, until in the fall of 1848, he
took charge of Freeland Seminary.

Under the direction of his father and
with a corps of able instructors he de-
veloped Freeland Seminary into one of
the foremost educational institutions of
the country. It was designed to supply
an academic course for boys and young
men that would fit them to enter the
higher educational institutions ; and Pro-
fessor Hunsicker in time acquired such a
favorable reputation as teacher that his
school attracted many pupils from other
parts of the country. The school listed
several pupils who became eminent pub-
lic men, and held high official position in
the State and nation ; and had enrolled
some 3,600 pupils by 1865, when the
school was leased to Professor A. H. Fet-
terolf, and in 1869 it was incorporated as
Ursinus College. After the severance of
relations with Freeland Seminary by Pro-
fessor Henry A. Hunsicker in 1865, he
engaged in the lumber business, and has
thus continued until quite recently.

In 1850 he was called to the ministry of
the Liberal wing of the Mennonite
church, to assist in his father's bishopric ;
but dissensions arose in the church, which
finally resulted in the separation of his

father and himself from the church and
the founding of the non-denominational
Trinity Christian Church, before alluded
to, at Collegeville, Pennsylvania. He
afterwards joined the Presbyterian
church, and is a Ruling Elder in the
Church of the Redeemer, at Germantown,
near Philadelphia.

He married (first) Mary S. Wein-
berger, August 23, 1849, at Collegeville,
Pennsylvania. She was born January 31,
1830, died May 7, 1874, in Montgomery
county, Pennsylvania, and was the mother
of five children: i. Clement W. Hun-
sicker, born May 29, 1851, married (first)
Eliza A. Miller, (second) Flora G. Smith,
and had three daughters. 2. Joseph H.
Hunsicker, born August 16, 1853, married
Fannie E. Rutherford and had one son
and one daughter. 3. Abraham L. Hun-
sicker, born April 14, 1856, died February
23, 1874, unmarried. 4. Flora G. Hun-
sicker, born December 20, 1858, married
James H. Hamer, and had two sons and
five daughters. 5. Alvin Hunsicker,
of whom further. Henry A. Hun-
sicker married (second) Anna C. Gotwals,
May II, 1876. She was born September
23, 1853, and had two daughters, namely:
Mary H. Hunsicker, born September 25,
1879, married Thomas V. H. Bucke, and
has two daughters; and Edna E. Hun-
sicker, born July 6, 1882, who resides with
her parents at Germantown, Pennsyl-
vania.

Alvin Hunsicker, son of Henry A. and
Mary S. (Weinberger) Hunsicker, was
born September 20, 1864, at Collegeville,
Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. At
the time and for some years preceding
this event, his father was principal of
Freeland Seminary, which afterward be-
came Ursinus College ; and thus his edu-
cation was received in the institution
founded by his father and grandfather.
Alvin Hunsicker remained at this college
until 1884, when he was graduated with
the degree of Bachelor of Science from

494

.'«S:W)»t-\M«ist> 'a^Nj^-l^ .

- i?. .^/v«-.a sffr,^ jry

C't£.xJ-l.-^-'^^^ v-y-p4>t,/2^j:-(i.<:^^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Ursinus College. During his student ca-
reer he developed into a ready debater
and a fluent speaker, which faculty im-
proved with his years of business; and
made him not only a leader among his
fellow students but gave him a tremen-
dous advantage as a captain of industry
in the control of men, in commercial or-
ganizations. At nineteen years of age he
took a position as clerk and secretary to
his father, then engaged in the lumber
business at Philadelphia, and continued
thus until 1892, when he gave up that
work to become manager of a trade paper
published in the interests of various
manufacturers. He edited and published
that journal for seven years, the prepara-
tions of which bronght him in contact
with many leading men at the head of
various industrial enterprises in the
United States ; and the business experi-
ence thus secured was an important ele-
ment that contributed largely to his sub-
sequent commercial success. In 1899 he
gave up the publication of the trade jour-
nal to become treasurer of the Keystone
Oilcloth Company at Norristown, Penn-
sylvania. That company operated on a
small capital and had about the smallest
factory output in the country at that
time; but in two years after he had as-
sumed active management of the concern
he had doubled its business, and had won
for himself a position of respect among
the larger oilcloth manufacturers.

In 1901 he secured options on six of the
largest and most successful oilcloth
manufactories in the United States,
which, together with his own plant, were,
with the aid of strong financial backing,
combined info a single corporation known
as the Standard Oilcloth Company of
New Jersey, with offices in New York
City. This new company, representing
seven plants, was incorporated in July,
1901, with a capital of $8,000,000, and is
the largest producer of oilcloth in the
country. Mr. Hunsicker was made secre-

tary and director of the new company at
its beginning, and in 1906 became general
manager in addition, which position he
still holds. In 191 1 he was elected vice-
president and general manager. Im-
proved methods of manufacture and sale
of the output, together with various econ-
omies wrought through consolidation,
which have been due very largely to Mr.
Hunsicker, with other general improve-
ments have enabled the company to out-
strip all competitions in that line of manu-
facture.

Since 1903 he has resided in Clifton
Park, Weehawken, New Jersey, on the
Palisades, where he built an elegant
home. He is affiliated with the Republi-
can party, and more or less interested in
local political matters ; was instrumental
in organizing a Civic Betterment Associa-
tion, of which he was made president ;
and he was presidential elector on the Re-
publican ticket of New Jersey in 1908.
He has often spoken in political cam-
paigns on behalf of his party, and has the
reputation of being an exceptionally good
story-teller and after dinner speaker.

He is financially interested in several
industrial companies, and is an officer in
them ; is president and director of the
Sanatile Company of New Jersey ; presi-
dent of the Meritas Cotton Mills, of Co-
lumbus, Georgia; and vice-president, di-
rector, and general manager of the Stand-
ard Oilcloth Company; also president and
director of the Leatherole Company of
New York. He is a member and treas-
urer of the Arkwright Club of New York ;
a member of the Sphinx Club, of New
York ; likewise of the Hamilton, the Auto-
mobile, and the Englewood clubs, of New
Jersey ; and of the Touring Club of
America. Has membership in the Penn-
sylvania Society of New York; affiliates
with the Presbyterian Church, and is a
member of the Blue Lodge, A. F. and
A. M., of Philadelphia.

Mr. Hunsicker is an enthusiastic de-

495

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

votee of out-doors recreation; is fond of tary musical training. She was church

rrr^If nnA rtthf^r cnrirfc anH Qn**nHs: rnnQifl- nrcraniQl- at thirtf^pn v*»ar<5 of ap^P * and at

golf and other sports, and spends consid
erable time in automobile tours of the
country. He has traveled extensively on
business and for pleasure in the United
States ; also in Europe, the West Indies,
and in South America. He is artistically
and musically inclined, and has a good
baritone voice, but above all he possesses
the virtues of his ancestors, who came to
America to secure religious freedom. On
August II, 1910, he delivered an address
at a reunion of the Hunsicker family,
held at Collegeville, Pennsylvania, on
"Twentieth Century Possibilities," in
which he set forth certain positive opin-
ions concerning life's purposes that de-
serve a wide extended application to all
business activities. Among other things
he said the old proverb recites that
''Honesty is the best policy," but his ver-
sion is that "Honesty is the only policy,"
to pursue in business affairs. He sets
forth the conditions under which his fore-
fathers lived two hundred years ago, re-
counts the wonderful changes that have
been wrought since that time, and points
out the opportunities, the duties, and the
possibilities of right action, under the ex-
isting conditions of the twentieth cen-
tury, in an exalted apotheosis, that does
credit to his devout ancestors, who by
precept and example taught honesty,
truth, and virtue as cardinal principles
of right living. Truly doth the virtues of
the fathers descend to the sons, even unto
the third and fourth generations.

Alvin Hunsicker married Helen The-
resa Boice, June 19, 1889, at Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania. She is descended from
Scotch-Irish parentage ; was born Febru-
ary 8, 1863, in Chester county, Penn-
sylvania, and has attained a high posi-
tion as a vocalist and musician in Ameri-
ca. At an early age she showed an un-
usual talent for music that attracted the
attention of her friends and teachers, and
her parents gave her a thorough elemen-

organist at thirteen years of age ; and at
twenty-one became a teacher of singing
in the Philadelphia Music Academy, at
which she had studied piano and musical
composition. She studied under the best
American teachers, among whom were
Frederic S. Law, of Philadelphia ; also
Madam Cappianni, and Frank Herbert
Tubb, of New York City. She went
abroad and studied under the great mas-
ters of Europe, among whom was Madam
Marchesi, the celebrated teacher in Paris,
who once stated that "Mrs. Hunsicker
not only has the finest voice that ever
came to me from America, but she is the
best musician as well."

She gave song recitals in Philadelphia,
Washington, Boston, New York, and
other cities in the United States, and her
voice excited the admiration of all who
heard her. She never sang on the oper-
atic stage on account of objection by
members of her family, though she ac-
quired the technique that fitted her for a
successful career in grand opera, had she
taken it up. No singer of ballads ever
received more brilliant encomiums of
praise than did she from America's lead-
ing critics. She possessed the peculiar
ability to sing from memory many songs
of her repertoire ; and it was not an un-
usual feat for her to sing from memory as
many as twenty-five or thirty songs in one
program, also to render two or three dif-
ferent such programs in the same week.
After her marriage she became known in
the profession as Mrs. Helen Boice-Hun-
sicker, and won for herself a position of
distinction among America's best musi-
cians and singers. Her interpretation of
songs and ballads caught the note of pop-
ular approval, and secured for her a place
in contemporaneous art that is peculiarly
her own. During the last few years she
has not sung in public except at rare in-
tervals, and then usually in behalf of
some charitable enterprise. She has as-

496

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

sisted many young and struggling musi-
cians with substantial aid and personal
encouragement. While she no longer
gives public entertainments, there is no
cessation of her musical work. She is
still interested in musical development
and is a liberal patron of musical art; and
particularly of the Woman's Philhar-
monic Society, in New York, of which
she is an officer. In 1904 she was ap-
pointed by the National Commission as
one of the Board of Lady Managers of
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition held
at St. Louis, Missouri. She has traveled
much both in this country and in Europe,
as pupil and artist she has made fourteen
trips abroad, and is ranked in Europe as
one of America's greatest ballad singers
and pianists.

LANTBING, Rev. Andrew A., LL.D.,
Clergyman, Author.

Rev. Andrew A. Lambing, LL.D., Ro-
man Catholic priest and author, was born
at Manorville, Armstrong county, Penn-
sylvania. February i, 1842. He is de-
scended from Christopher Lambing, who
emigrated to America from Alsace in the
vicinity of Strasburg in 1749, and settled
in Bucks county, where he died about
1817, at the age of ninety-nine years.
Some of his family passed to Adams
county, where his son Matthew married
and settled in New Oxford, where
Michael A., the father of the subject of
this sketch, was born October 10, 1806.
The family came west to Armstrong
county in 1823. Here Michael married
Anne Shields, December i, 1837. She
was descended from Thomas Shields,
who emigrated from county Donegal, Ire-
land, about 1760, and Amberson's valley,
Franklin county; but his grandson Wil-
liam came to Armstrong county in 1798
and made his home near Kittanning.
where his daughter Anne was born July
4. 1814. Michael was the father of five

sons and four daughters, of whom An-
drew Arnold was the third son and child.
Both parents were remarkable through
life for their tender and consistent piety
and for the care they bestowed on the
education and training of their children.
Three of their sons fought in the Civil
War, one of them losing his life and an-
other becoming disabled ; two of their
sons are priests, and a daughter a Sister
of Charity.

Trained in the school of rigid poverty,
Andrew began work on a farm before he
was eight years old, and a few years later
found employment in a fire-brick yard,
where he spent nearly six years, with
about four months' schooling in each win-
ter; and two years in an oil refinery, a
considerable part of which time he
worked from three o'clock in the after-
noon to six the next morning, being at the
same time foreman of the works. During
this time he managed to steal a few hours
as opportunity permitted to devote to
study and useful reading, for reading has
been the passion of his life. At the age
of twenty-one he entered St. Michael's
Preparatory and Theological Seminary.
Pittsburgh, where he made his course in
the higher studies, frequently rising at
three o'clock in the morning to continue
his course, and being nearly all that time
prefect of the students. He was or-
dained to the priesthood in the seminary
chapel by Bishop Domenac, of Pittsburgh,
August 4, 1869. He was then sent to St.
Francis College, Loretto, Pennsylvania,
as professor, with the additional obliga-
tion of assisting the pastor of the village
church on Sundays with the exception of
one Sunday in each month, when he min-
istered to the little congregation of Wil-
liamsburg, Blair county, about forty
miles distant. On the following January
he was appointed pastor of St. Patrick's
Church, Cameron Bottom, Indiana coun-
ty, where he remained till the end of
April, when he was named pastor of St.

497

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Mary's Church, Kittanning, with its nu-
merous outmissions. While there he
built a little church a few miles west of
the Allegheny river for the accommoda-
tion of the families residing there, and in
the middle of January, 1873, he was sent
to Freeport, with the additional charge
of the congregation at Natrona, six miles
distant. But at the end of six months
he was appointed chaplain of St. Paul's
Orphan Asylum, Pittsburg, with a view
of bettering his financial condition. This,
however, was rendered impossible by the
financial crisis of the fall of the same
year, and he was named pastor of the
Church of St. Mary of Mercy, at the
Point in the same city, January 7, 1874.
Here he placed the schools in charge of
the Sisters of Mercy, bought and fitted
up a non-Catholic church for the congre-
gation, and placed an altar in it dedi-
cated to "Our Lady of the Assumption at
the Beautiful River," as a memorial of the
one that stood in the chapel of Fort Du-
quesne during the French occupation in
the middle of the previous century ; and
also built a residence. But the encroach-
ments of the railroads began to drive the
people out in such numbers that he was
transferred to St. James' Church, Wil-
kinsburg, an eastern suburb of the city,
October 15, 1885, where he still remains.
The congregation was then small, num-
bering about one hundred and sixty fam-
ilies, with a little frame church, but it
soon began to increase rapidly. His first
care was to open a school, which he
placed in charge of the Sisters of Charity,
and in the summer of 1888 he enlarged
the church, which, however, was occu-
pied only three months when it was
entirely destroyed by fire. Nothing
daunted, he immediately undertook the
present combination church and school
building, which was dedicated just a year
after the destruction of the other. So
rapid has been the growth of the town
and the increase of the congregation that

an assistant has been required since the
spring of 1897 ; and, although parts of
three new congregations have been taken
from it, it still numbers nearly six hun-
dred families.

As a writer Father Lambing is the au-
thor of "The Orphan's Friend" (1875),
"The Sunday-school Teacher's Manual"
(1877), "A History of the Catholic
Church in the Dioceses of Pittsburg and
Allegheny" (1880), "The Register of Fort
Duquesne, Translated from the French,
with an Introductory Essay and Notes"
(1885), "The Sacramentals of the Holy
Cathohc Church" (1892), "Come Holy
Ghost" (1901), "The Immaculate Con-
ception of the Blessed Virgin Mary"
(1904), and "The Fountain of Living
Water" (1907). Besides these he has
written a considerable number of relig-
ious and historical pamphlets, and a con-
siderable part of the large "History of
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania," "The
Centennial History of Allegheny County"
(1888) and "The Standard History of
Pittsburg" (1898). In 1884 he started
the "Catholic Historical Researches," a
quarterly magazine and the first of its
kind devoted to the history of the Catho-
lic church in the country, now continued
by Mr. Martin I. J. Griffin, of Philadel-
phia, as a monthly; and he is a constant
contributor to periodicals on religious
and historical subjects. The editor
of "The Standard History of Pitts-
burg" says of him that "He has done
more than any other one man to place in
permanent form the valuable and fast-
perishing early records." For a number
of years he was president of the Histori-
cal Society of Western Pennsylvania, and
he is one of the trustees of the Carnegie
Institute and the Carnegie Technical
School of Pittsburgh.

As a churchman he was for many years
president of the Clerical Relief Associa-
tion of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, and was
president of the board that prepared the

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

diocesan school exhibit for the Columbian
Exposition. For nine years he was fiscal
procurator of the diocese of Pittsburgh,
has long been the censor of books, and
is now president of the diocesan school
board. Of regular habits and inheriting
the health of his fathers, standing six
feet tall, with heavy frame, he seems
built for labor and endurance, and he was
more than thirty years on the mission be-
fore he was off duty for a single day on
account of ill health, although he has
never taken a vacation. In 1883 the Uni-
versity of Notre Dame, Indiana, con-
ferred on him the degree of Master of
Arts, and two years later that of Doctor
of Laws.

FIELD, Benjamin Rush,

Physician and Surgeon, Author, Pnhlie
Official.

Coming from sires noted in the medical
and surgical world. Dr. Field may be
said to have been born to the same pro-
fession. Certain it is that distinguished
as were his sires, no blemish has been
cast on the name by the present holder
of this the world's oldest and most hon-
orable title. The present Dr. Field is of
English descent on paternal lines, his
grandfather, Richard Field, being a grad-
uate of the University of London and a
member of the Royal College of Surgeons
of England. His father, Dr. Cridland
Crocker Field, was a noted surgeon of
Easton, Pennsylvania, for half a century,
and died there full of honorable years.
His mother was Susannah (Freeman)
Field, daughter of Jacob Freeman, of
Freemansburg; Pennsylvania, after whose
father the town took its name.

Benjamin Rush Field, M.D., was born
in Easton, Pennsylvania, November 3,
1861. He obtained his preparatory edu-
cation in the public schools and his class-
ical education at Lafayette College, and
being predestined for the medical profes-

sion entered the University of Pennsyl-
vania, whence he was graduated, M.D.,
class of 1883. He began practice at Eas-
ton, where he has attained both profes-
sional and civic honors. In 1886 and
1887 he was official physician of the
Northampton County Prison, and for ten
years was physician to the coroner of the
same county. His private practice kept
pace, and he is rated among the leading
physicians of the county. His executive
ability and talent for organization
brought him into great prominence in
municipal, literary and military affairs.

His military career began in 1898,
when he assisted in recruiting Company
E, Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers, and was commissioned captain
by Governor Hastings, July 12, 1898. At
the regimental election held at Harris-
burg, August 20 following, he was elected
major of the Second Battalion. After the
Spanish-American war, when the Elev-
enth and Thirteenth regiments were con-
solidated, he was elected major of
the Thirteenth Regiment Pennsylvania
National Guard; elected lieutenant-
colonel, 1904, serving until his retire-
ment, at his own request, in 1908.
He thereby (ten years' service as
an officer) gains membership in the Mili-
tary Service Institute of the United
States Army and Retired List of Officers,
National Guard of Pennsylvania.

The literary career of Dr. Field is most
interesting and somewhat unusual. He
was dramatic critic for the leading Eas-
ton papers for ten years, and has pub-
lished several volumes on his favorite
topic, Shakespeareana. He has discussed
this great writer from the standpoint of
a physician usually. His first work,
"Medical Thoughts of Shakespeare," was
published in 1884, with a second edition in
1885, followed in 1887 by "Shakespeare
and Byron on 'Man, Woman and Love.' "
In 1888 he published "Medico Shakes-
pearean Fanaticism," and "An Argument

499

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Refuting the Claim that Shakespeare
Possessed Knowledge of the Circulation
of the Blood Prior to Harvey's Discov-
ery" (London Lancet), and in 1892
"Fielding's Unconscious Use of Shakes-
peare." He edited in 1889 "Romeo and
Juliet," vol. 5, Bankside edition, pub-
lished under the auspices of the New
York Shakespearean Society of New
York, of which Dr. Field is a member,
and was honorary librarian from 1886 to
1903.

In 1890 he was elected councilman, and
for three years was president of council.
In 1903 he was elected mayor of Easton ;
he gave the city a thoroughly clean busi-
ness administration and retired at the end
of his three years' term with the respect
and confidence of even his political foes.
In 1899 he was again called to the may-
or's chair, retiring in 1902. In 1913
Pennsylvania instituted the commission
form of government for cities, and in ac-
cordance with the new law the thirty-six
councilmen of Easton were legislated out
of service and the management of the
city placed in the hands of five Commis-
sioners. Dr. Field was elected one of the
board by a large majority and assumed
his work in December, 1913. The term
of service is for two years. This mag-
nificent endorsement of his official life is
almost unprecedented in a city the size of
Easton, where capable, ambitious men
are not rare. But Dr. Field drew to his
support the best of every element in the
city. Too much cannot be said of his
rare executive ability, the integrity of his
jiurpose, nor the pride he takes in giving
his native city a proud position among
the well governed cities of the Union.

In 1912 he was elected president of the
Easton Board of Trade, consisting of six
hundred members, with a guarantee fund
of over half a million dollars. He is a
member of many professional and scien-
tific societies, and the founder of the
Eastern Medical Society, organized in

1889. He holds memberships in the
American, State, and Northampton Coun-
ty Medical societies ; was president of
the Northampton Medical Society, 191 1;
member of Hall of Delegates Medical So-
ciety, Pennsylvania, 1910-11; member of
the Pennsylvania German Society, Sons
of the American Revolution, National
Geographical Society ; the Northampton
County Historical and Genealogical So-
ciety, of which he was president 1906-08,
and trustee of Easton Public Library, and
in all has an active interest. His college
fraternity is Chi Phi Rho Chapter of Laf-
ayette College and Nu of University of
Pennsylvania, of which he was the foun-
der in 1882.

No comment is needed nor eulogy re-
quired of the wonderfully full and com-
plete life of Dr. Field after reading the
foregoing record. Every day and hour of
his mature years are accounted for, and
a retrospective glance over his more than
fifty years can cause him nothing but an
honest pride that he has been permitted
to make this world a better place to live
in. He has honored his city, as Easton
in turn honors him.

He married, April 9, 1902, Nan Edna,
daughter of John Davis and May Anne
(deHart) Rounsavell. Child, Benjamin
Rush (2), born March 25, 1908. Dr. Field
and his wife are both communicants of
the Protestant Episcopal church.

McCLINTOCK, Oliver,

Frominent Mercbant.

Well deserving the high esteem in
which he is held is Oliver McClintock,
president of the Oliver McClintock Com-
pany, one of the oldest mercantile houses
of the Iron City. His long business ca-
reer has been one of honorable success,
and has earned for him the standing of
one of the representative men of his na-
tive city.

He was born on Pitt street (now

500

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Fifth), near Liberty street, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, October 20, 1839, the eld-
est son of seven children of Washington
and Eliza (Thompson) McClintock.
His paternal grandfather, Alexander Mc-
Clintock, son of William McClintock, of
East Nottingham township, Chester
county, Pennsylvania, was born May 10,
1776. He came to Pittsburgh from Mont-
gomery county, Pennsylvania, about
1813, having been engaged in the freight-
ing business by means of the famous
"Conestoga" wagon teams between
Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. These
were impressed into the public service
by the United States government for
the transportation of ammunition and
supplies to Fort Erie during the War
of 1812. Soon after arriving in Pitts-
burgh with his family in one of
these "Conestoga" wagons, he opened
a shop for general blacksmithing on Lib-
erty street near Water. His shop, tav-
ern and frame residence alongside lay
within the confines of old Fort Pitt. He
also, for a while, operated for his friend,
Samuel Black, of Williamsport, now Mo-
nongahela City, a ferry from the foot of*
Smithfield street to the south bank of
the Monongahela river, but he finally
purchased the ferry for himself.

Oliver's maternal grandfather, Samuel
Thompson, came to Pittsburgh from
Chester county, Pennsylvania, about
1807. His name appears in the Pitts-
burgh city directory of 1815 as "Samuel
Thompson, Merchant Taylor, East Side,
Market Street, between Front and
Water." He afterwards associated with
him his brother James. Their firm name,
S. & J. Thompson, is included in the list
of business men's signatures to a petition
addressed in 1817 to the United States
Congress, requesting the establishment
of a local branch of the United States
bank in Pittsburgh. Its establishment,
however, did not prove to be the financial
blessing they expected. This national

system of banking having become under-
mined by party dissensions and too much
politics, was finally abolished by Con-
gress in 1836. The Bank of Pittsburgh
has a photogravure copy of this petition.

Samuel Thompson made uniforms for
army officers during the War of 1812.
After the war was over, he went on
horseback into Kentucky to collect debts
for uniforms furnished. Later he occu-
pied a store on the west side of Market
street, two doors from Front street (now
First avenue) almost directly opposite
the first site.

The spirit of commercial enterprise and
venture inspired among the merchants of
Pittsburgh by the constant stream of
travel and traffic which poured through
Pittsburgh as the "Gateway of the West"
via the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, was
exemplified in the case of Samuel Thomp-
son. He shipped from Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania, to Nashville, Tennessee, and St.
Louis, Missouri, stocks of clothing of his
own manufacture for branch stores,
which he opened at these two points in
the west and southwest. The undertak-
ing in Nashville was in charge of Robert
Lusk, who afterwards became one of
Nashville's wealthiest citizens. Samuel
Thompson wrote letters to his brother
Jacob in 1832, describing his journey by
steamboat to Nashville and St. Louis in
which he says : "The object of my jour-
ney was to examine into the state of my
two establishments, — the one at St.
Louis, and the other at Nashville, and
with a view probably of bringing them to
a close."

Digressing to a later period, Samuel
Thompson's son-in-law, Washington Mc-
Clintock, in 1850, actuated by a similar
spirit of commercial enterprise, shipped
a stock of carpets to the young and
booming town of Cincinnati, in charge of
J. L. Ringwalt, who later purchased the
stock and carried on the business for him-
self. George F. Otte, a young German

501

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

clerk in that branch store, became in after
years the head of the leading carpet and
house furnishing store in Cincinnati. In
common with other Pittsburgh mer-
chants of that period, whose capital aided
in the development of the west, Wash-
ington McClintock also became interested
in several river steamboats employed in
the transportation business on the west-
ern and southwestern rivers.

But, returning to Samuel Thompson's
career, about 1830 he conducted a general
store at the northwest corner of Market
and Fourth street (now Fourth avenue).
Later he bought from Henry Holdship
the property on Market street, near Lib-
erty, on which the McClintock building
now stands, and moving into it, he con-
ducted there an exclusive business in dry-
goods and carpets.

In 1837 Samuel Thompson was suc-
ceeded by the firm of W. McClintock &
Company, his son-in-law, Washington
McClintock, and his son, Robert D.
Thompson, being partners. Their store
was on Market street, two doors from
Fifth street (now Fifth avenue), but the
firm was dissolved in 1844. Washington
McClintock then carried on an exclusive
carpet business in Edward Ralim's build-
ing on the north side of Fourth avenue,
near Wood street, upon the site now oc-
cupied by the Safe Deposit Company's
building. He was burned out in the great
fire of 1845. In 1853 he moved his busi-
ness to the Samuel Thompson property
on Market street, near Liberty, having
purchased it from his father-in-law's es-
tate. In 1854 he admitted his brothers,
Alexander and George Ledlie McClin-
tock, taking the firm name of McClintock
Brothers, a partnership which continued
one year. In 1855 the style again became
W. McClintock and remained so for
seven years. In 1862 he admitted his eld-
est son, Oliver McClintock, to the part-
nership, the style of the firm becoming
W. McClintock & Son. In 1863 Wash-

ington McClintock bought out Robinson
& Company, their chief competitor in the
carpet business, and organized the firm
of Oliver McClintock & Company (con-
sisting of Washington McClintock, Oli-
ver McClintock and George R., Senior),
to conduct the newly acquired business
as a separate firm. Both stores were con-
tinued separately for about a year, but
under the same management. In 1864
the firm of W. McClintock & Son was
merged into that of the Oliver McClin-
tock Company, and the business con-
tinued at number 219 Fifth avenue. Wal-
ter L. McClintock, second son of Wash-
ington McClintock, was admitted in 1864.
In the year 1869, Washington McClin-
tock retired from business because of fail-
ing health, which culminated in his death,
on July 28th, 1870, at the age of fifty-six
years. Washington McClintock's fourth
son, Thompson McClintock, was admit-
ted to the firm in 1874, and in 1884 Frank
Thompson McClintock, the fifth son of
the founder, was admitted upon the re-
tirement of George R., Senior. On Janu-
ary 15th, 1897, the firm of Oliver Mc-
Clintock & Company was dissolved, and
a new company was incorporated under
the present title, the Oliver McClintock
Company, with Oliver McClintock, presi-
dent ; Walter L. McClintock, treasurer ;
and Frank T. McClintock, secretary. As
has been shown by the succession of part-
nership interests, it is no doubt the oldest
mercantile firm in Pittsburgh, the succes-
sion having continued in an unbroken
line from the maternal grandfather, Sam-
uel Thompson, who began in 1807.

Owing to the death of Walter L. Mc-
Clintock, March 3rd, 191 1, and the ex-
piration of the lease and sale of the prop-
erty occupied by the Oliver McClintock
Company, it was decided to dissolve the
company and retire from business at the
end of the year 1913, completing more
than a century of mercantile life by the
members of one family. A new firm, the

502

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

McCHntock - McElveen - Baker Company,
which will largely include the organiza-
tions of the Oliver McClintock Company,
the McElveen Furniture Company and
the Baker Office Furniture Company, has
been organized to occupy the present
premises of the McElveen Furniture
Company at Nos. 525 to 529 Penn ave-
nue, in 1914.

Oliver McClintock received his early
education in the academies conducted by
Rev. Joseph T. Travelli in Sewickley,
and Professor Lewis T. Bradley, in Al-
legheny (now Northside, Pittsburgh),
graduating from Yale College in 1861.
He entered his father's business the fol-
lowing year and has continued in the
business of carpets, rugs and interior dec-
orations ever since, — a period of over half
a century.

Mr. McClintock married, June 7, 1886,
Clara C, daughter of Harvey and Jane
D. (Lowrie) Childs. Their children are:
Norman and Walter McClintock, con-
nected with the Oliver McClintock Com-
pany; Mrs. Thomas Darling, of Wilkes-
Barre, Pennsylvania ; Harvey C. McClin-
tock, Mrs. Frank D. Nicol, of Detroit,
Michigan, and Miss Jeannette McClin-
tock.

Although devoting himself closely to
his business, Mr. McClintock has also
given much attention and important
service in behalf of the municipal, relig-
ious, and educational interests of his na-
tive city. At the time of the reorganiza-
tion of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation of Pittsburgh in 1866, Mr. Mc-
Clintock was elected president, continu-
ing until 1868. He was elected elder in
the Second Presbyterian Church of Pitts-
burgh in 1863 ; a trustee of the Western
Theological Seminary in 1867 ; a trustee
of the Pennsylvania College for Women
in 1872, and its president in 1905. He
and his brother-in-law, A. H. Childs, were
founders of the Shadyside Academy of
Pittsburgh in 1883. He is a director of

the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, a
member of the Duquesne Club of Pitts-
burgh, also of the University Clubs of
Pittsburgh and New York City. He is
a member of the National Municipal
League, of the Civil Service Reform As-
sociation of Pennsylvania and the Ballot
Reform Association of Pennsylvania.

Mr. McClintock was one of the leaders
in organizing the Citizens' Municipal
League of Pittsburgh in 1895-96, and a
member of the executive committee of
five authorized to select candidates for
the ensuing municipal election for the
three executive city officers, and to con-
duct a campaign in their behalf. The
contest that followed was remarkable for
its aggressiveness and heat, and for the
good work done in awakening and edu-
cating public sentiment to realize that
city government should be conducted on
business principles only, divorced from
the corrupt and ruinous partisanship of
national parties. So effective was the
work done by Mr. McClintock in this
campaign, that it called forth many trib-
utes, among these the following by Lin-
coln Steflfens in "McClure's Magazine,"
May, 1903 :

"If there is one man in Pittsburgh who de-
serves credit for the successful results of reform
in municipal politics, it is Oliver McClintock, for
many years one of the most aggressive foes of
the political machine. It was on the foundation
laid by Mr. McClintock and his associates, in
1895-96, that the Citizens' Party gained an over-
whelming victory in the municipal election of
1898, and it was only after the party leaders of
1898 had repudiated the principles, which he
advocated and for which he fought, that he left
that party to keep on in his persistent fight for
purification of city politics. Victories have not
always been with Mr. McClintock, but it was his
indomitable persistence — despite defeats, that
won for him the admiration of even those whom
he fought."

Oliver McClintock belongs to that class
of men who wield a power which is all
the more potent from the fact that it is

503

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

moral rather than political, and is exer-
cised for the public weal rather than for
personal or partisan ends. Unselfish and
retiring, he prefers a quiet place in the
background to the glamor of publicity,
but his rare aptitude and ability in achiev-
ing results make him constantly sought
and often bring him into prominence
from which he would naturally shrink
were less desirable ends in view.

KILROE, Edwin Patrick,

Iiawyer, Author,

The Kilroe family of Wayne county,
Pennsylvania, are of Irish descent. John
Charles Kilroe was born in 1854 in Ire-
land, and was brought to America by his
parents when only about one year old.
He was a tanner by trade, but followed
agriculture for a livelihood most of his
lifetime, and settled at Tanners Fall in
Wayne county, Pennsylvania, where he
reared his family, and died there Febru-
ary 24, 1902. He married Sarah Do-
herty, daughter of Patrick and Mary
(McCarthey) Doherty. She was born in
1861, in Sligo county, Ireland, and was
brought to this country during infancy.

Issue of Sarah (Doherty) Kilroe, nine
children, namely: (i) Edwin Patrick Kil-
roe, of whom further. (2) Mary E.
Kilroe. (3) Elizabeth Kilroe, married
John Barber and lives at Erie, Pennsyl-
vania. (4) Maud Kilroe. (5) Hugh R.
Kilroe, died in 1902. (6) James Vincent
Kilroe. (7) Rose Kilroe. (8) John
Charles Kilroe. (9) Robert Harold Kil-
roe.

Edwin Patrick Kilroe, son of John
Charles and Sarah (Doherty) Kilroe, was
born April 19, 1883, at Tanners Fall, a
post village in Wayne county, Pennsyl-
vania. Received elementary instruction
in the public schools of his native county,
and in 1898-1899, attended a New York
City preparatory school. He graduated in
1896 from the Honesdale, Pennsylvania,

High School, then took a business course
at Paine's Business College, and at the
Packard Commercial School of New
York; and in 1899-1900 was a student at
the Dwight School for Boys, from which
he received an academic diploma in 1900.
Following that he entered Columbia Uni-
versity, New York, School of Political
Science, and graduated therefrom as A.B.
in 1905, and Ph.D. post graduate in
1910. In 1906 he received the LL.B. de-
gree from Columbia Law School, and was
admitted to the New York Bar the same
year. He has practiced law in New York
City since that time, and is a member of
the firm of Kilroe and Swarts, general
practitioners, at No. 5 Beekman street.
New York City.

He is a Democrat in political alle-
giance ; a member of Tammany Society or
Columbian Order in the city of New
York ; also of the Wayne County, Penn-
sylvania, Society of New York City, the
Alumni Association of Columbia Univer-
sity, and of the Columbia University Club.
A Roman Catholic in religious belief, a
member of the Knights of Columbus, An-
cient Order of Hibernians and of the
Pennsylvania Society in New York City.
Also, is the author of "A History of
Tammany Hall."

GRAHAM, George Scott,

I<aw7er, Congreaamam.

The Hon. George Scott Graham has
made illustrious another name in the an-
nals of American history — has brought
distinction to the family whose name he
bears. He is descended from Scotch-
Irish ancestry who lived in the north of
Ireland; and on account of their religious
resistance to King James, were known as
"Scotch Covenanters," many of whose de-
scendants settled in Pennsylvania one
hundred years and more ago. They peo-
pled the wilderness and subdued its sav-
age foes, making habitable vast areas in

504

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

central and western Pennsylvania ; and
their descendants have shaped the des-
tinies of the commonwealth, and largely
influenced the characteristics of the pres-
ent day population throughout the state.

James Henry Graham was born in Lon-
donderry county, Ireland, and came to
the United States in his youth, settling
in Philadelphia, where he married Sarah
Jane Scott, a native of Londonderry
county, Ireland, and had several children,
namely: Robert Graham, who became a
Presbyterian minister, and died a few
years ago in Philadelphia : James Graham,
also deceased ; William Graham, of Phila-
delphia ; Jonathan Graham, of the same
place ; George Scott Graham, whose his-
tory follows.

He was born September 13, 1850, in
Philadelphia, and received elementary in-
struction in the Philadelphia public
schools, also was privately tutored by his
brother, the Rev. Robert Graham. He
then studied law in the ofifice of John
Roberts, of Philadelphia, and attended
the University of Pennsylvania Law
School, from which he graduated in 1871
as LL.B., and was admitted to the Penn-
sylvania bar the same year. In 1889 he
received the LL.D. honorary degree from
Lafayette College, in Pennsylvania ; also
in 1894 was admitted to practice in the
United States Supreme Court, and in
1904 was admitted to the New York bar.
He is a member of the law firm of Gra-
ham & Gilfillan, of Philadelphia, and of
the firm of Graham & L'Amoreaux, of
New York City.

He early identified himself with the Re-
publican party and took an active inter-
est in local politics. He was elected a
member of the Select Council for the city
of Philadelphia, and served three years,
1878-1880. He was elected District At-
torney of Philadelphia successively six
terms, in all eighteen years, from 1871 to
1898, four of which he was the nominee
on both the Republican and Democratic

tickets. In 1892 he was a delegate to
the Republican National Convention at
Minneapolis, Minnesota, and in 1912 was
elected a Republican member of the
Sixty-third Congress from the Second
District of Pennsylvania, in the city of
Philadelphia. He was Professor of Crim-
inal Law and Procedure eleven years in
the University of Pennsylvania, from
1887 to 1898 ; and is a member of the
American Bar Association ; the Bar Asso-
ciation of Pennsylvania, and of the Bar
Association of New York.

He married (first) Emma M. Ellis,
December 14, 1880, at Philadelphia ; mar-
ried (second) Pauline M. Clarke, June
8, 1898, in Philadelphia; and has children,
namely: Ethel Scott Graham, married C.
Perry Wintz ; Blanche Graham, married
Erskine Bains ; Marion Hollister Graham,
married Harry P. Williams, of New Or-
leans, Louisiana ; George Ellis Graham
and Adele Graham, who died unmarried.

Mr. Graham has traveled extensively
in Europe and in America, and has visited
Great Britain, Egypt. France, Italy, Ger-
many, Austria, Belgium, and Holland.
He is affiliated with a number of social
organizations at various places. Is a
member of Blue Lodge No. 52, Free and
Accepted Masons, of Philadelphia, and is
a past master of the lodge ; also chairman
of the Masonic Temple of Philadelphia,
and has served in many official positions
of the Masonic fraternity in Pennsylvania.
He is a past grand commander of the
Knights Templar of Pennsylvania. He is
a member of various clubs, as follows:
The Union League, of which he is a di-
rector; the University, the Racquet, the
Art, oi Philadelphia ; the Metropolitan
Club, of Washington, D. C. ; the New
York Yacht, and the Metropolitan clubs,
of New York City; the Sleepy Hollow
Country, the Oakland Golf, the Ardsley,
and the White Hall clubs, of New York.
He is a member of the Presbyterian
church.
505

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

OTT, Isaac, M.D.,

Professional Edneator and Author.

Among the most distinguished work-
ers for humanity in the great field of
medical science in the United States is
Dr. Isaac Ott, Professor of Physiology
in the Medico-Chirurgical College of
Philadelphia. He was born in Northamp-
ton county, Pennsylvania, November 30,
1847. Coming of German stock on the
side of his father, Jacob Ott, and of
French parentage on that of his mother,
Sara Ann (La Barre) Ott, Dr. Isaac
Ott is a brilliant example of that union of
two widely differing nationalities which
has given the world so many distin-
guished men.

As a young boy his education was such
as was to be gained in a country neighbor-
hood. Eager for the advantages of a col-
lege career he matriculated in 1863 at
Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, gradu-
ating in 1867. Being irresistibly attracted
to the science of medicine, he entered the
medical department of the University of
Pennsylvania on leaving Lafayette Col-
lege. In 1869, having finished his medi-
cal studies in the university with dis-
tinguished success, he obtained the ap-
pointment of resident physician at St.
Mary's Hospital, Philadelphia. But he
was not satisfied with the extent of his
medical education in this country and,
fired with the ambition to continue his
studies more thoroughly and more ex-
tensively. Dr. Ott, in 1870, after a year's
work at St. Mary's Hospital, took the
then unusual step of going to Europe to
pursue his work in medicine. This in-
itiative and thoroughness are an index of
those qualities in Dr. Ott which have
placed him in the front rank of his chosen
profession. Entering the University of
Berlin and later that of Leipzig, he
worked under such well-known masters
as DuBois Raymond, Rosenthal and Fick.
Content for the time with his progress in

Physiology under these masters. Dr. Ott
left Germany and went to London to
study Histology under Professor Klein.
On returning to the United States he was
fortunate enough to attract the attention
of the famous Dr. Henry P. Bowditch,
then at the height of his reputation, and
was invited to conduct extensive experi-
mentation as to the action of Thebain
and Lobelina in Dr. Bowditch's labora-
tory at Harvard University.

In 1875 he was appointed Demonstra-
tor of Physiology by his alma mater, the
University of Pennsylvania, which he had
left a short time before as a mere student.
From that time he has been the recipient
of many honors. In 1876 Lafayette Col-
lege conferred upon him the degree of
M.A. In 1878 he was elected a fellow in
Biology at Johns Hopkins University and
while there studied exhaustively the
physiology of the spinal cord and espe-
cially of its sudorific centres. In 1894 he
was made Professor of Physiology in the
Medico-Chirugical College of Philadel-
phia, a position which he has held up to
the present time. In 1895 and 1896 he
was Dean of the Institution.

Dr. Ott is a brilliant proof of the truth
of the old saying that it is the busiest
people who still find time to do more and
more, for during his long and crowded
career as practicing physician, lecturer,
and teacher, he has found time to make
many valuable contributions to medical
literature, among these being: "Contribu-
tion to the Physiology and Pathology of
the Nervous System"; "Action of Medi-
cines" ; a "Monograph on Modern Anti-
pyretics" ; "Cocaine, Veratria and Gel-
semium"; "Internal Secretions"; "Text-
book on Physiology," four editions. He
is a member of the Deutschen Medicin-
ischen Gesellschaft of New York ; of the
Vereinigung alter Deutscher Studenten
in America ; of the American Society of
Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
peutics ; of the Society for Experimental

506

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Biology and Medicine; of the Philadel-
phia Medical Club ; of the Chemists' Club
of New York; of the County, State and
National Medical Association, and is cor-
responding member of the Atlanta Acad-
emy of Medicine. He is also Consulting
Neurologist at the Norristown (Penn-
sylvania) Asylum, and is ex-fellow in
Biology at Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore ; is ex-president of the Ameri-
can Neurological Association, and mem-
ber of the American Society of Natural-
ists. In his political convictions Dr. Ott
is a Democrat, and in his church rela-
tions a Presbyterian. He is a Master
Mason, and is also a member of the Chi
Phi fraternity of the University of Penn-
sylvania.

He married, in October, 1886, Kather-
ine Kennedy, daughter of John Wyckoflf,
of Belvidere, New Jersey.

MILLER, Reuben,

Pioneer Iron Steamboat Bnllder,
Financier.

In Pittsburgh are the seats of the
mighty in the steel and iron trade, and
some of the founders of the present-day
autocracies were, indeed, masterful and
impressive figures — none more so than
the late Reuben Miller Jr., founder and
for many years one of the proprietors of
the Washington Works, famous for the
manufacture of steam engines. In the de-
velopment of the industrial and financial
possibilities of Old Pittsburgh Mr. Mil-
ler exercised a force, which, having its
inception seventy-five years ago, is still
increasingly felt, his descendants ably
maintaining the power and prestige of
their name and race.

Reuben Miller Jr. was born June 24,
1805, in Philadelphia, near Frankford,
Pennsylvania, and was a son of Reuben
and Hannah (Wilson) Miller, both na-
tives of Chester county. His parents
were married September 13, 1798. In the

autumn of 1805 the family removed to
Pittsburgh, and there the boy received
an excellent education, attending the Old
Academy, then presided over by Joseph
Stockton. Reuben Miller Sr. was en-
gaged in a small way in the business of
manufacturing cut nails by hand, and at
the age of thirteen the son became his
assistant. In 1821 the youth made a trad-
ing trip as far as Louisville, Kentucky,
thus getting his first glimpse of the out-
side world ; and in 1824, at the age of
nineteen, engaged in business for him-
self, opening a general provision store on
Liberty street. Success attended him
from the outset, as, indeed, it could hardly
fail to do, for Reuben Miller Jr. was one
of those who wrest success from the most
unfavorable conditions, and in the course
of time his trade extended into Blair,
Huntingdon and Center counties. His
self-reliance, boldness of operation, in-
domitable perseverance and unimpeach-
able integrity soon gained for him the
reputation of a man with whom it was
desirable to transact business, and made
it possible for him to enlarge the scope
of his operations and to enter into new
fields of action, his next venture being an
interest in a tobacco factory.

In 1836 Mr. Miller bought out his part-
ner and continued the business alone, and
the same year, he, in association with
others, commenced the operation of a
foundry on the south side of the Monon-
gahela river, the firm name being Robin-
son & Minnis. In 1840 he abandoned the
provision business and, in connection with
William C. Robinson and Benjamin Min-
nis, founded the Washington Works on
the south side of the Monongahela river,
opposite Pittsburgh, for the manufacture
of steam engines and machinery. Soon
after its organization the firm built the
"Valley Forge," the first iron steamboat
that ever navigated the western waters.
For the ensuing fourteen years Mr. Mil-
ler gave his attention exclusively to his

507

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

machinery and steamboat interests, and
in 1854 retired from the concern, trans-
ferring his interests to his sons by whom
they were most ably maintained and en-
larged. In the Pittsburgh of "sixty years
since" Mr. Miller was a conspicuous and
forceful figure, a man of stainless honor
and wonderful driving personality, a
power in the business world and exerting
therein a most wholesome influence. To
those in his service he was ever most just,
kindly and considerate, causing them to
feel that he had at heart their best inter-
ests, and they gave him in return the
most loyal service and hearty co-opera-
tion. To this mutual attitude of employer
and employed he owed an incalculable
measure of his phenomenal success.

The well known business qualifications
possessed by Mr. Miller, together with his
accuracy in judging the motives and mer-
its of men, caused his services to be much
in demand on boards of different organi-
zations. At the founding of the Mechan-
ics' Bank he was a large stockholder, and
was elected president, but in 1855, on ac-
count of ill health, resigned the position.
After the great fire of 1845, which broke
up the insurance companies, the Western
was in 1849 the first to reorganize, elect-
ing Mr. Miller to the presidency, which
office he held for many years. He was
one of the original subscribers to the first
savings bank in Pittsburgh, known as the
Pittsburgh Savings Institution, and was
one of its directors and its treasurer. It
was first conducted as a private banking
institution, but finally obtained a charter
and now exists as the Farmers' Deposit
Bank, of which Mr. Miller was first treas-
urer. He was a director in the Exchange
Bank, the Savings and Trust Company
(now the First-Second National Bank),
and the Bank of Pittsburgh. His ripe and
varied experience, his judicial mind and
his careful observation rendered him at
all times the trusted counsellor of his
friends, his conservatism making him a

factor of safety in business interests. This
conservatism, however, was balanced by
aggressiveness of the most pronounced
type. Reuben Miller Jr. was of the stuff
of which pioneers are made, and, failing
to find a way, would most infallibly make
one.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and civic virtue, Mr. Miller
stood in the front rank. A Whig in poli-
tics, he was devoted to the interests of
his home city, serving as a member of the
common and select councils of Pittsburgh
and Allegheny City, and for thirteen
years being identified with the Second
Ward School Board, representing that
ward at the time of the organization of
its high school. To this there was much
opposition, but the perseverance of Mr.
Miller and his zeal in the cause of educa-
tion eventually carried the day. With
every other project for the advancement
of the public welfare he pursued the same
course, declaring himself its champion
and sparing neither means nor influence
for the furtherance of its ultimate suc-
cess. In the philanthropic work of the
city he was always active, and his private
charities were more numerous than even
his closest friends were aware. He was
manager and one of the building commit-
tee of Dixmont Hospital, and for years
served on its executive committee. Gen-
ial and companionable, he was one who
drew men to him, and it was truly said
of him that he was one of the best loved
men of Pittsburgh.

Mr. Miller married, in 1826, Ann Leish-
man, daughter of Peter and Sarah Harvy,
and they were the parents of five sons
and two daughters. Of the sons, Wilson,
P. Harvy, Samuel, and Gus L. (who was
mortally wounded in the battle of Gettys-
burg) are deceased ; Reuben Miller, the
only surviving son, being one of Pitts-
burgh's most prominent capitalists and
numbered, as were his brothers, among
her leading citizens. All inherited a full

508

e-^. £■:.£•.'- itm.^.t <sBj-v A'T^

JTz/^^-^ JUcI6^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

share of their father's administrative abil-
ity and all partook of his elevation of
character. Mrs. Miller, a w^oman fitted
by her excellent practical mind to be an
aid to her husband in his aspirations and
ambitions, was in all respects a helpmate
truly ideal, making the home over which
she presided a refuge from the cares and
excitements of business. Mr. Miller was
never so happy as at his own fireside,
finding his highest enjoyment in the fam-
ily circle and in the company of his
friends.

The death of Mr. Miller, at an ad-
vanced age deprived Pittsburgh of one
who, throughout his splendidly successful
career as a business man, had at all times
stood as an able exponent of the spirit
of the age in his efforts to advance prog-
ress and improvement ; one who, realiz-
ing that he would not pass this way
again, had made wise use of his oppor-
tunities and his wealth, conforming his
life to the most exalted standards of recti-
tude.

Reuben Miller Jr. may be said to have
founded an industrial and financial dy-
nasty, his sons and grandsons having
succeeded him in leadership. These sov-
ereigns of trade display no coat-of-arms,
but they have a motto which by each suc-
cessive generation has been signally and
nobly exemplified, and that motto is
"Do!"

MILLER, Wilson,

Manufacturer, Finameler.

To her business men of the older gen-
eration, the Pittsburgh of today owes an
incalculable debt. They it was who laid
deep and strong the foundations on which
has arisen the city which is now the won-
der of the industrial world. None among
these noble Pittsburghers of the past
labored more strenuously for the pros-
perity of his beloved city than did the
late Wilson Miller, of the well-known

firm of Robinson, Minnis & Miller. As
merchant, financier and man of affairs Mr.
Miller was for many years closely and
prominently identified with all the best
and leading interests of the Iron City.
Mr. Miller was a scion of one of Pitts-
burgh's oldest families, and his father was
one of its business pioneers, being en-
titled to the distinction of having con-
ducted one of the first department stores
ever erected in the city.

Wilson Miller was born July 5, 1829,
in Pittsburgh, and was a son of Reuben
and Ann (Harvy) Miller. He received
his education in the public and private
schools of his native city, and entered
upon his business career in association
with the firm of Spang & Chalfant. It
was not long, however, before his innate
executive ability and spirit of enterprise
impelled him to seek a wider field for the
exercise of his energies, and his talents
received speedy recognition from the then
leading business men of Pittsburgh, who
saw in this young man one of the munici-
pal magnates of the future. As a mem-
ber of the firm of Robinson, Minnis &
Miller, Mr. Miller showed himself to be
possessed of that resolute, persevering
industry, sound and accurate judgment,
and boldness tempered with discretion,
which seldom fail to command success in
any sphere of action. Mr. Miller was one
of the incorporators of the Pittsburgh Lo-
comotive Works and for years served as
its president. Later, when this organiza-
tion was merged in the American Loco-
motive Works, Mr. Miller withdrew from
participation in its affairs. He was inter-
ested in many financial institutions, and
for a long period was a director of the
First National Bank and the Bank of
Pittsburgh.

Although Mr. Miller was, all his life,
too busy a man to take any active part
in politics, he was ever keenly alive to the
affairs of the city and was recognized as
a vigilant and attentive observer of men

509

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

and measures. His opinions were re-
garded as sound and his views as broad,
and his ideas, therefore, carried weight
with those with whom he discussed pub-
lic problems. At all times he stood as an
able exponent of the spirit of the age in
his efforts to promote progress and im-
provement, making wise use of his op-
portunities and his weath and conforming
his life to a high standard. He was one
of the managers of Saint Margaret's Me-
morial Hospital and of the Protestant
Home for Incurables. Of fine personal
appearance, he possessed a genial, social
nature, untouched by malice or uncharit-
ableness, was most loyal in his friend-
ships and had a kind word and a smile
for every one. He belonged to several
clubs and was a member of Christ Prot-
estant Episcopal Church.

Mr. Miller married, February 23, 1859,
Hannah, daughter of Caleb Lee, a mem-
ber of a distinguished Pittsburgh family,
and their children were : Ann H., now
the wife of Charles O. Scull, of Baltimore,
Maryland ; Margaret Lee, who became
the wife of S. N. Benham, of Pittsburgh ;
Martha, who married Robert D. Book, of
Sewickley, Pennsylvania. Mr. Miller was
a man of strong family affections. The
ties of home were, to him, invested with
sacredness, and he took genuine delight
in ministering to those near and dear to
him.

Mr. Miller died October 31, 1908, at
his home in Pittsburgh, leaving the mem-
ory of a life honorable in purpose, fear-
less in conduct and beneficent toward all.
Faithful to every duty, his name a syno-
nym for success, recognizing and fulfill-
ing to the letter his obligations to his fel-
lowmen, Pittsburgh lost in him one of her
most valued citizens.

The Pittsburgh of today is an indus-
trial cyclone. To its steel mills and furn-
aces there is no intermission, no rest, no
sleep. By day the sky is dark with in-
cessant smoke, and by night the blaze of

their lurid fires reddens the heavens.
This triumph of labor is largely the work
of men who have passed from our sight,
men who seemed to possess that secret
of perpetual energy which science can-
not explain. It is the work of men like
Wilson Miller.

KEEN, Frank Harold.,

Fromliient Financier.

Frank H. Keen, a representative busi-
ness man of New York City, noted for
his energy, enterprise and ability, a mem-
ber of the firm of Keen & Ward, Bank-
ers and Stock Brokers, is reputed to be
of Swedish origin. He is supposedly a
lineal descendant of Joran Kyn, born in
Sweden about A. D. 1620, certainly be-
tween the years 1617 and 1623, came to
America in company with Governor John
Printz in the ship "Fama," which sailed
from Stockholm, Sweden, August 16,
1642, and after a long voyage with stops
at Antigua, Canary Islands, and else-
where "on the 15th day of February, 1643,
by God's grace, came up to Fort Chris-
tina, in New Sweden, Virginia." He was
one of the earliest European residents
upon the Delaware river, and for more
than a quarter of a century the chief pro-
prietor of land at Upland, New Sweden,
afterward Chester county, State of Penn-
sylvania.

He is mentioned among a list of persons
residing in New Sweden, March i, 1648,
and when Tinicum, the island in the Dela-
ware river where the first settlement was
made, became too crowded, he turned to
the more attractive Upland as the choice
for the new abode. He acquired three
tracts of land at Upland and resided there
during the remainder of his lifetime. At
a court held the 6th day of the first month
of 1687, he made a deed which was dated
the 1st day of the same month, wherein
he conveyed a lot or garden in Chester to
certain persons for the use and behoof of

510

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

"the people of God called Quakers and
their successors forever," upon which
ground the first meeting house of Chester
was built. This entry is believed to be
the last appearance of the name of Joran
Kyn of record.

The name Keen, the English spelling
for Kyn, is first found in a recorded in-
strument at Chester, Pennsylvania, about
the year 1665, and that form of spelling
has been adopted by many descendants
of Joran Kyn. Many who trace their
origin to this source are to be found in
Philadelphia and the adjoining counties
of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Dela-
ware.

During the struggle for independ-
ence several members of the Keen family
adhered to the cause of the Colonies and
performed military service in the Revolu-
tionary armies. The lineage of this
branch of the Keen family has not been
traced, so far as known, but from extant
historical facts they are assumed to be-
long to the Keens of Swedish origin who
settled in and about the city of Philadel-
phia.

George Budd Keen, father of Frank H.
Keen, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania. He obtained a practical education
in the schools of that city, and for many
years was an oil merchant there, a mem-
ber of the firm of Hodson & Keen, who
ranked among the leading business houses
of that city. He married Fanny, daugh-
ter of Samuel R. and Emily (Ritten-
house) Colladay, the latter named a
daughter of Judge Rittenhouse, of Norris-
town, Pennsylvania. Among their chil-
dren was Frank Harold, of whom fur-
ther.

Frank Harold Keen was born in Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, November 23,
1859.

He attended the Old Friends' School
of Philadelphia, and the public high
school of that city, graduating from
the latter named institution. Upon at-

taining the age of eighteen years he en-
tered the employ of Fiss, Banes & Er-
ben, manufacturers of woolen and
worsted yarns, where he thoroughly mas-
tered the details of the business, remain-
ing with them for four years. He then
entered the employ of Edward Mellor &
Company, wool merchants, as salesman,
remaining in that capacity for about two
years, after which he became a partner
with Louis S. Fiske and John Dobson,
under the firm name of Louis S. Fiske &
Company, who were engaged in the wool
business, this relationship continuing for
about seventeen years, or until the disso-
lution of the firm. Shortly afterward, in
1900, Mr. Keen came to New York City
and formed a copartnership with Mr.
Ward, under the firm name of Keen &
Ward, Bankers and Stock Brokers, their
present place of business being at No. 20
Broad street. Their business has in-
creased greatly in volume and import-
ance, being conducted along strictly
conservative lines, and they rank high in
financial circles, both partners being men
of unquestioned integrity. In the year
1902 Mr. Keen removed to Greenwich,
Connecticut, where he has since resided.
He and his family are members of
Christ's Church (Protestant Episcopal)
and Mr. Keen is a member of the Green-
wich Country Club, the Pennsylvania So-
ciety of New York City, and of the Union
League Club of Philadelphia.

Mr. Keen married, October 22, 1895,
Helen, born in Rahway, New Jersey,
1868, daughter of Stuart Craig and Caro-
line (La Bau) Squier. The ceremony
was performed at St. Agnes' Chapel
(Trinity Church), New York City. Chil-
dren : Harold Rittenhouse, born July 25,
1896, at Haverford, Pennsylvania ; Kath-
erine Stuart, born January 24, 1898, at
Wynnewood, Pennsylvania ; Stuart Craig,
born March 15, 1901, at Haverford, Penn-
sylvania ; Hester Morgan, born August
14, 1906, at Greenwich, Connecticut.

5"

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

MILNE, David,

Financier, Man of AiFairs.

The Milnes of Philadelphia are of an-
cient and honorable Colonial lineage, ex-
tending in maternal lines to noted Colo-
nial families of New England and Penn-
sylvania. David Milne, the well known
textile manufacturer, is ninth in descent
from Nathaniel Sylvester in Long Island,
1652 ; eighth in descent from James Lloyd
in Massachusetts, 1693 ; eighth in descent
from John Hallowell in Pennsylvania,
1683 ; eighth in descent from Thomas
Clark in New Jersey, 1692 ; seventh in
descent from Walter Newberry in Rhode
Island, 1673 ; seventh in descent from
Jedediah Allen in Massachusetts, 1646;
seventh in descent through his grand-
mother, Beulah Thomas Parker, from
Richard Parker in Pennsylvania, 1684.

For many years the Milne family has
been identified with commerce and manu-
facturing. Four generations back James
Milne, born 1753, died 1820, was engaged
in the shipping business at Leith, Scot-
land, the seaport of Aberdeen. After his
death, his only son, David Milne, born
1787, died 1873, invested the fortune he
had inherited in a fast packet line, sailing
between Scotland and the United States,
which carried both passengers and
freight. The elder Bennett, founder of
the New York "Herald," was among
those who so voyaged to this country.
One of his vessels having made two round
trips to the United States in one year, a
public dinner to celebrate the event was
given to him in Aberdeen. In 1827 he
came to the United States, where he es-
tablished in Philadelphia in 1830 the
textile business which is known by the
present firm n^me of C. J. Milne & Sons.
His son, Caleb Jones Milne, born 1839,
died 1912, who succeeded him in business,
was a man of great energy, distinguished
in commercial enterprises, finance and
philanthropy, a patron of the fine arts

and an extensive traveller. He built the
large manufacturing plant occupied by
his firm at Washington avenue and Elev-
enth street. During his lifetime he was
identified with the following mercantile,
financial and charitable institutions, either
as president, director or benefactor:
American District Telegraph Company,
Peerless Brick Company, Finch, Van
Slyck & McConville of St. Paul, Minne-
sota, Bank of America, United Security
Life Insurance and Trust Company,
' American Security and Trust Company,
Washington, D. C, Southern Home for
Destitute Children, Howard Hospital,
Hahnemann Hospital, Eastern Peniten-
tiary, Home for Incurables, Pennsylvania
Working Home for Blind Men, Polyclinic
Hospital and many other organizations.
David Milne, son of Caleb Jones and
Margaretta (Shea) Milne, was born in
Philadelphia, July 24, 1859. His prepar-
atory education was obtained at the Epis-
copal Academy and his collegiate at the
University of Pennsylvania, which he en-
tered in 1877. He was graduated from
the University in 1881 with honors and
with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, the
same University conferring the degree of
Master of Arts in 1883 and Bachelor of
Philosophy in 1885. During his Univer-
sity course he was a devotee of outdoor
athletics and was a member of the win-
ning college crew in the regatta of the
Schuylkill Navy held in 1881. He began
business life with the banking house of
Robert Glendinning & Company, continu-
ing two years 1881-82. Since that time
he has been connected with, a partner
since 1886, the firm of C. J. Milne & Sons
of Philadelphia, established in 1830, by his
grandfather, David Milne, previously
mentioned. Their mill is devoted chiefly
to the manufacture of dress goods and
wash fabrics and has a large number of
looms, whose product is sold from their
offices in Philadelphia, Chicago, New
York City, St. Louis, and San Francisco.

;i2

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Mr. Milne's interest outside the realm
of business is very extensive. He is a
director of the Medico-Chirurgical Col-
lege, treasurer of the Medico-Chirurgical
Hospital, a member of the Advisory-
Board of the Hahnemann Medical Col-
lege and Hospital, a manager of the Penn-
sylvania Working Home for Blind Men,
a member of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania, Academy of Natural
Sciences, the American Association for
the Advancement of Science, the Franklin
Institute, the Numismatic and Antiquar-
ian Society, the Photographic Society,
the Geographical Society, the Genealogi-
cal Society, the St. Andrewrs' Society of
Philadelphia, the City Parks Association,
the Fairmount Park Art Association, the
Zoological Society, the Athenaeum of
Philadelphia and the New England So-
ciety of Philadelphia. By right of his
Colonial ancestors he holds membership
in the Society of Colonial Wars, and in
The Colonial Society of Pennsylvania.
Through the patriotic services of his
great-great-great-grandfather, Joseph
Parker, he was admitted to membership
in The Society of Sons of the Revolution.
The preceding memberships show the
wide extent of Mr. Milne's tastes as in
all these societies he exercises an active
working interest. He is not a recluse,
and with his many business interests and
scientific research, clings to his love of
out-of-doors and gratifies that liking
through his clubs, The Corinthian Yacht,
the Philadelphia Country, the German-
town Cricket and the Merion Cricket.
His more purely social clubs are the Uni-
versity, Racquet, Art, Penn and Union
League, all of Philadelphia.

Mr. Milne married, in 1896, Margaret
L. Skerrett, daughter of Rear Admiral,
United States Navy, Joseph S. Skerrett
and Margaret Love (Taylor) Skerrett, of
Washington, D. C. He has four sons
and resides at his beautiful country place,
"Roslyn Manor," School House Lane,

Germantown, where there are all the evi-
dences of the man of culture and refined
tastes. It is one of the finest of the many
striking residences in that beautiful sub-
urb, and contains nearly fifty acres with
a glorious view over the valley of the
Schuylkill and Wissahickon and a lawn
that makes an admirable foreground
graded and planted with great skill and
picturesque effect.

WHEELER, Herbert Locke, D.D.S.,
Leading Professional Instrnotor.

The Wheeler family from whom Dr.
Herbert Locke Wheeler is descended, is
of English origin. Several of the name
were in Concord, Massachusetts, in early
Colonial times, who appear to have set-
tled there about the same time ; but it is
not known if those founders of the differ-
ent Wheeler families there were related
to each other or not ; however, from ex-
tant facts they appear to have had a com-
mon origin. George, Joseph, and Oba-
diah Wheeler were among the early set-
tlers of Concord, and may have been
members of the first party that settled
there in 1635. Thomas, Timothy, Eph-
raim, and Thomas Jr. came to Concord
directly from England in 1639; and as
there was a Thomas Wheeler in Boston
in 1636, he may be the same who was
later in Concord.

(I) Thomas Wheeler, of Concord,
Massachusetts, was born in England,
1620, died in Concord, December 24, 1704.
He was sergeant in 1662, and served in
King Philip's war. Married (first) Sarah
Merriam, about 1648. She died February
I, 1677, at Concord, and was descended
from William Merriam, of Hadlon, coun-
ty Kent, England, who was born there
about 1560, and died September 23, 1635,
in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Married
(second) Sarah Beers, widow of Isaac
Sterns, July 23, 1677, at Concord.

(II) Timothy, son of Thomas and Sa-

S13

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

rah (Merriam) Wheeler, was born July
24, 1667, at Concord, Massachusetts, died
there April 14, 1718. He married, May
19, 1692, Lydia Wheeler, daughter of
John, son of George Wheeler, and he had
children, namely: Lydia, Timothy, of
whom further, Jonas, Sarah, Mary, Ben-
jamin, Elizabeth, Anna.

(III) Timothy (2), son of Timothy
(i) and Lydia (Wheeler) Wheeler, was
born March 8, 1696-97, died in 1782, at
Concord, Massachusetts. He was captain
in the Colonial Militia. He married Abi-
gail Monroe, June 25, 1719, at Concord.
She was born June 28, 1701, granddaugh-
ter of William Monroe, of Lexington,
Massachusetts. They had children,
namely: Jonas, of whom further; Abigail,
Timothy, Lydia, Nathan, Amos, Eliza-
beth, Davis, Mary, Lucy, William.

(IV) Jonas, son of Timothy (2) and
Abigail (Monroe) Wheeler, was born
May 18, 1720, at Concord, Massachusetts.
He moved with his family to New Ips-
wich, in Hillsboro county, New Hamp-
shire, in 1762, and was there during the
revolution. Volume 14, page 34, of New
Hampshire State Papers, shows that
Jonas Wheeler served seven days accord-
ing to a muster roll of men who marched
from New Ipswich before daylight on the
morning of April 20, 1775 ; and in another
list of persons that went to Cambridge
in April, 1775, on the alarm of the battle
of Concord. He died in New Ipswich,
New Hampshire, in 181 5. Married Per-
sis Brooks, October 13, 1743, at Concord,
Massachusetts. She was born August
2, 1720, at Concord, Massachusetts, and
was a descendant of Captain Thomas
Brooks, of Watertown, Massachusetts,
and of Captain Hugh Mason, of King
Philip's war, 1675. They had children,
namely: Persis, born in 1744; Jonas,
1746; Dorothy, 1748; Seth, 1750; Silas,
1752; Isaac, 1754; Amos, of whom fur-
ther; Abigail, 1760; Noah, 1763.

(V) Amos, son of Jonas and Persis

(Brooks) Wheeler, was born July 28,
1756, at Concord, Massachusetts. Moved
to New Ipswich, Hillsboro county. New
Hampshire, with his parents in 1762, and
lived at New Ipswich until after the Rev-
olutionary war. The New Hampshire
State Papers, Vol. 15, page 93, shows
that Amos Wheeler served five days,
from June 29 to July 3, 1777, in Captain
Josiah Brown's company, in Colonel
Hale's regiment, which marched to rein-
force Ticonderoga in June and July, 1777,
from New Ipswich, New Hampshire.
Volume 15, page 220, shows that Amos
Wheeler, among others of the Wheeler
name, was discharged from military serv-
ice, September 26, 1777; and paid for
service in Captain Stephen Parker's com-
pany of Colonel Moses Nichol's regiment,
of men who marched from New Ipswich,
New Hampshire. He married Catherine
Locke, daughter of Captain Josiah and
Persis (Matthews) Locke, at Wilming-
ton, Vermont. She was born August 31,
1760, at Westboro, Massachusetts, died
April 4, 1851, at Brookfield, Madison
county. New York ; was a lineal descend-
ant of Deacon William Locke, of Wo-
burn, Massachusetts Bay Colony. He
was born December 13, 1628, in Stepney
Parish, London, England ; March 22,
1634, he was registered to embark for
New England ; died June 16, 1720, at Wo-
burn. Married Mary Clarke, in Woburn,
December 27, 1655, born December 20,
1640, at Watertown, and died July 18,.
1715, at Woburn. Captain Josiah Locke,
a descendant, was born February 6, 1735,
at Westboro, Massachusetts, where he re-
sided until 1760; lived in Leicester in
1765 and several years thereafter; was in
Hardwick, Massachusetts, in 1768, where
he was captain in the militia. He con-
ducted a "country store" while living at
Hardwick ; about 1779 moved to Wil-
mington, Vermont, where he served as
justice of the peace. Massachusetts Rec-
ords of Soldiers and Sailors of the Revo-

514

LLU

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

lution, Vol. IX., page 902, recites that
"Josiah Lock, Hardwick, Lieutenant,
Capt. Simen Hazeltine's co. of Minute-
Men, which marched on the alarm of
April 19, 1775; service 16 days: also, Cap-
tain loth (Hardwick) co.. Col. James
Conver's (4th Worcester Co.) regt. of
Mass. Militia ; list of officers chosen by
the several companies in said regiment,
dated Brookfield, May 14, 1776; ordered
in Council May 31, 1776, that said offi-
cers be commissioned ; reported commis-
sioned May 31, 1776." Married Persis
Matthews, of New Braintree, Massachu-
setts, born September 3, 1735, or by an-
other record, November 16, 1735, and died
April 21, 1839, at Litchfield, New York,
aged one hundred and three years and
more. Children of Amos and Catherine
(Locke) Wheeler, namely: Persis Wheel-
er, married Price P. Mclntyre, and lived
at Brookfield, New York ; Josiah, of whom
further; Arad, who resided at Villanova,
Chautauqua county, New York : Kitty ;

Catherine, married Shepherd and

resided in Chenango county. New York ;
Amos, resided at Villanova, Chautauqua
county. New York ; Loretta, who lived at
the same place.

(VI) Josiah, son of Amos and Cather-
ine (Locke) Wheeler, was born August
30, 1784, at Wilmington, Vermont. Was
a farmer who moved to Western New
York early in the nineteenth century,
and settled in Brookfield, Madison coun-
ty. New York. Later moved to Allegany
county. New York, where he died Novem-
ber 26, 1833. He married Eunice Cran-
dall, born October 20, 1784. at Westerly,
Rhode Island, died February 18, 1868, in
Wirt, Allegany county. New York. They
had issue, eleven children, among whom
was Lyman A., of whom further.

(VII) Lyman A., son of Josiah and
Eunice (Crandall) Wheeler, was born
April 26, 1820, at Brookfield, Madison
county. New York. He lived at several
places, namely : Wirt, Allegany county.

New York ; in Erie county, Pennsylvania,
and in Jasper county, Missouri, where he
died in 1897, on a ranch. He was a
farmer, a teacher, and a graduate, in 1842,
of the Alfred University, at Alfred, Alle-
gany county. New York. Married Mary
Malvina Rogers, daughter of John and
Ann (Finch) Rogers, of Oxford, Che-
nango county. New York. She was a
graduate of Alfred University in 1862.
They had among other children Herbert
Locke, of whom further.

(VIII) Dr. Herbert Locke Wheeler,
son of Lyman A. and Mary Malvina
(Rogers) Wheeler, was born January 12,
1869, at Corry, Erie county, Pennsyl-
vania. Was educated in the public
schools of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and
at Hammonton, Atlantic county. New
Jersey. He then attended the Philadel-
phia Dental College, and the Medico-
Chirurgical School of Philadelphia, from
which he graduated as D.D.S. in 1890.
He began the practice of dentistry at
Warren, Massachusetts, the same year.
He moved to Worcester, Massachusetts,
in 1893, and to New York City in 1901,
where he became associated with Dr. J.
Morgan Howe, under the professional
firm name of Howe & Wheeler. In 1907
he was offered the position of Dean of
the Philadelphia Dental College, but de-
clined the appointment in order to con-
tinue his professional work in New York.
Was lecturer of the Philadelphia Dental
College ; clinical instructor in the Dental
Department of the Medico-Chirurgical
College of Philadelphia ; also professor
and trustee of the College of Dental and
Aural Surgery of New York. He is con-
sulting dentist of the "Sea Breeze Hos-
pital" at Coney Island, New York : den-
tist in charge of the St. Bartholomew
Dental Clinic ; director of the Dental
Service of Bellevue and Allied Hospitals,
of New York : consulting dentist and lec-
turer of the New York State Department
of Health. Is a member of the Hygeine

515

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Council of the Federation Dentaire In-
ternationale; of the New York Academy
of Sciences ; Fellow of American Acad-
emy of Dental Science, Boston; corre-
sponding member of the Massachusetts
Dental Society ; honorary member of the
New Haven, Connecticut, Dental Society ;
and likewise of the Plainfield, New Jer-
sey Dental Society. Ex-president of the
First District Dental Society of New
York City; president of the New York
Institute of Stomatology ; member of the
Executive Council of New York State
Dental Society, also of the House of
Delegates of the National Dental Associa-
tion ; and chairman of the Journal Com-
mittee of the National Dental Associa-
tion; Fellow of American Academy of
Dental Surgery of New Jersey.

Dr. Wheeler is one of the leaders in
his profession, and was the first person
to suggest to Dr. Lederle, Health Com-
missioner of New York City, the pro-
priety of establishing a dental service of
the Department of Child Hygiene, in the
New York City Health Department,
which was introduced and has accom-
plished much good. He is the author of
numerous monographs on subjects relat-
ing to Stomatology, several of which have
been translated into German and other
languages. He is a member of the Penn-
sylvania Society of New York ; the
American Museum of Natural History, of
New York ; and of the American Medical
Association. Served three years in the
Worcester, Massachusetts, Light Infan-
try, of Massachusets State Militia. Is a
member of the Stamford, Connecticut,
Yacht Club and the Wee Burn Golf Club
and of the Republican Club, New York ;
also a member of the Union Lodge, No.
5, Free and Accepted Masons, at Stam-
ford, Connecticut, and is a Knight Tem-
plar.

Dr. Herbert Locke Wheeler married
Gertrude May Slater, daughter of Wil-
liam Dayton and Adelaide (Burnham)

Slater, June 10, 1891, at Springfield,
Massachusetts. She was born April 2,
1871, at Springfield, Massachusetts; is de-
scended from an old New England fam-
ily. They have three children, namely:
I. Clififord Slater, born May 2-j, 1892, at
Springfield, Massachusetts, was educated
in the public schools of Worcester,
Massachusetts, and of New York City,
and later attended the Stamford, Connec-
ticut, high school and Colgate College,
one year ; and then one year at the Syra-
cuse, New York, University ; he is em-
ployed as a clerk in the Banking House
of S. B. Chapin, of New York City. 2.
Arthur Chapin, born October 4, 1900, at
Worcester, Massachusetts ; attended
schools in Stamford, Connecticut, and the
"Gunnery School" at Washington, Con-
necticut. 3. Catherine Adelaide, born
November 26, 1906, in New York City.

CRUMRINE. Hon. Boyd, LL.D.

liatryer, State Reporter, Anthor.

[The following sketch of Mr. Crumrine is re-
printed by permission, with slight amendment,
from the "History of the Jefferson College
Class of i860," by Rev. J. W. Wightman, D.D.,
of Washington, D. C, read on the occasion of
the 50th anniversay of the graduation of that
class, held by its surviving members on June
21, 1910, during the commencement exercises of
the united college of Washington and Jefferson.

On June 19, 1912, during the commencement
exercises of that year, the board of trustees of
Washington and Jefferson College conferred
upon Mr. Crumrine the honorary degree of
LL.D., in consideration, as was publicly stated
at the time, of his work as the official State
Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court
of Pennsylvania, and his many publications re-
lating to the local history of Southwestern
Pennsylvania.]

This member of our class is by pro-
fession an attorney at law, residing at
Washington, Pennsylvania, but practicing
regularly in the courts of Allegheny
county, as well as of his native county
of Washington. He is of German de-
16

/h.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

scent, tracing his ancestry in America
back to 1748, and, in Germany to Sep-
tember 7, 1719, the birthday of his immi-
grating ancestor, George Lenhart Krum-
rein, his great-great-grandfather. His
great-grandfather on his maternal side
was an Englishman, George Rex by name,
who gave to him his one-eighth English
blood, the remaining seven-eighths being
given him by his German ancestors.

The Thirty-Years War in Germany
was followed by long-protracted religious
persecutions, resulting in extensive emi-
grations to the new world, chiefly to
Pennsylvania, of those who came from
central Germany. In the office of the
Secretary of the Commonwealth at Har-
risburg are preserved the original lists
of over thirty thousand German immi-
grants into Pennsylvania within the
period 1727-1776, immediately prior to
the Revolutionary War with Great
Britain. These lists are in Rupp's "Col-
lection of Thirty Thousand German Im-
migrants," published some years ago and
found also in vol. 17, Second Series, of
the "Pennsylvania Archives." Any one
examining them will be attracted by the
facts that in many cases the ship's list of
names subscribed to the oath of alleg-
iance is headed by the name of the pastor
who was leading his people into the
wilderness ; and that, excepting a very
small percentage of the whole number,
every name is written in German script,
evidently the writer's autograph, and in
the clear hand of a good penman.

In this collection of thirty thousand
names there are but two "Krumreins."
On September 11, 1732, "the ship 'Penn-
sylvania,' John Stedman, master, from
Rotterdam, last from Plymouth," landed
with "seventy-three males above sixteen,
women and children of both sexes ninety-
eight, — in all, one hundred and seventy-
one." In this list is the name of "Hans
Michael Krumrein." And on September
5, 1748, "the ship 'Edinburgh,' James Rus-

51;

sell, master, from Rotterdam, last from
Portsmouth," landed with one hundred
and twenty-seven persons. In this list of
names is that of "George Lenhart Krum-
rein."

The Lutheran Church Registry at
Dottingen, in Wiirtemberg, Germany,
shows that "Hans Michael Krumrein"
was born in Yungholzhausen, between
the rivers Rhine and the Necker, not far
from Stuttgart, in Wiirtemberg, on June
I3> ^7^2' ^"d "communicated" for the
"first" time in 1726. His name does not
again appear upon the registry, as it
doubtless would have done had he died
or remained in the jurisdiction. The
same registry shows the name of "George
Leonhardt Krumrein" as born at the same
place on September 7, 1719, and after-
ward as a communicant for the "last"
time in 1746, after which his name is no
more to be found, as it doubtless would
have been had he died or remained in the
Fatherland. Germany has always looked
after her children. There are records in
the heart of Germany yet to be received,
by which the family name "Krumrein"
may be traced back to 1592.'

Hans Michael Krumrein, after living in
the neighborhood of Philadelphia until
after 1741, passed westward into North-
ampton county, and finally into Centre

' It will be interesting, at least to the descend-
ants of Mr. Crumrine, to know that his geneal-
ogy, as far back as learned, is now shown by a
table made up from the Parish Records of the
Lutheran Church at Dottingen in Wiirtemberg,
Germany, and certified by the pastor in charge;
from which, beginning with Thomas Krumrein,
born in 1592, and, adding his ancestry in America
through the immigrant, his line is as follows :

Thomas Krumrein, born at Yungholzhausen
in 1593; had son Georg, born 1629; who had son
Georg, born 1667; who had son Georg Philipp,
born 1696; who had son Georg Leonhardt, born
1719, who, in 1748, emigrated, to America and
settled in old Baltimore county, Md., and had
a son Abraham, who had a son George, who had
a son George and also a son Daniel, and one of
Daniel's sons was our classmate, Boyd Crumrine.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

county, where some of his descendants
still live near Bellefonte, the county seat,
others having passed on into Ohio.
George Lenhart Krumrein settled in Bal-
timore county, Maryland, which then ex-
tended westward as far as York county,
Pennsylvania. And in the year l8oo,
George Crumrine, a son of Abraham, who
was a son of George Lenhart, passed
from Baltimore county, Maryland, near
Melrose, now Carroll county, Maryland,
over the Alleghanies into the valley of the
Monongahela, and settled upon a farm
on the east side of Plum Run, in East
Bethlehem township, Washington county,
Pennsylvania. One of his sons, Daniel
Crumrine, was born upon the same farm
on April 25, 1805. He married Margaret,
a daughter of John Bower, Esq., who lived
at Fredericktown in said township.
Elizabeth, the mother of Margaret Bower,
was a daughter of George Rex, of Jeffer-
son, Greene county, Pennsylvania, here-
tofore mentioned. The Bower family was
of Swiss-German origin and came west
from the Juniata valley in 1796.

Boyd Crumrine, our classmate, was a
son of Daniel and Margaret (Bower)
Crumrine, and was born in East Bethle-
hem township, Washington county, Penn-
sylvania, February 9, 1838, on the farm
occupied by his grandfather in 1800. His
boyhood was spent upon his father's
farm, at hard work as a farmer's boy, and
in attendance upon the schools of the
Buckingham district, in said township.
During the winters of 1854-55 and 1855-
56, he attended the Bridgeport high
schools, in the care of Mr. L. F. Parker,
afterward State Superintendent of Public
Instruction in Iowa ; and in the summer of
1856 he was a student at Waynesburg
College, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. In
September, 1856, after a public examina-
tion in Old Prayer Hall, he was admitted
to the sophomore class of Jefferson Col-
lege, with an admonition from good old
Dr. Smith, that maybe he "would haf to

mek up a leedle Greek" ; and the first sen-
tence of Greek he ever had to translate
was from Demosthenes on the Crown!
Yet he had previously learned something
of the old tongue from his preceding
summer's study of the Greek Ollendorff.
At the beginning of his second term,
however, being somewhat wiser, he was
permitted, at his own request, to drop
back into the freshman class, in order that
he might lay a better foundation for a
more complete classical course. With
that class he remained until his gradua-
tion with it on August i, i860, when he
was given the Greek Salutatory for de-
livery, his special friend and the friend
of all of us, Roland Thompson, being
charged with the delivery of the more
honorable Valedictory, the two dividing
the first honor of the class. Mr. Crum-
rine writes of one incident of the last day
of his college life as follows :

"You will remember that, to obtain access to
the large platform in front of the pulpit in old
Providence Hall to say our commencement
speeches, we had to climb a temporary stairway
up into a rear window, and thence pass to our
positions on the platform. A little before the
exercises commenced I had gone up the steps
to the window, and to my surprise I saw my
father, a plain farmer, in a seat on the platform
among the doctors of divinity, eminent trustees
and other venerable visitors usually in attend-
ance on Commencement Day ! I at once thought
I would go to him, and suggest that he find
another seat with the audience, in a vast crowd,
a jam, below. But, thought I as a wiser
thought, 'you will behave, I know, and you have
as good a right to sit on that platform as any
of the big-wigs about you,' and he stayed there.
My name being called, third probably, as I
passed forward to my place I had to go immedi-
ately in front of him, and as I did so he reached
his right hand to me with a small package,
which quickly went into my right hand vest
pocket. Nobody saw the act, I think, but that
packet, whatever it was, did not help the Greek
speech much. As soon as I was let off and had
got back out of the window to the campus in
the rear, I went for that roll, and found that it
counted out $100, a large sum for a farmer of
those days. Then I thought : 'Well, I pray to

518

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

God that you may yet live long enough to see
me among the well-known and busy lawyers of
the Washington Bar.' I knew that I had been
an expensive student to him, especially in the
way of the purchase of books, many of which
I had imported from London, as aids in my
class studies. He died in 1883."

At the beginning of our junior year,
Professor John Eraser, of mathematics,
blessed be his memory, formed what he
called his "Select Class," embracing all
the juniors whose grades were above
ninety, to whom he offered special in-
structions in the higher mathematics and
in general literature. The class consisted
of Mr. Crumrine and four others, one of
whom was our class historian, and these
met at night for two years in the pro-
fessor's chambers in Old Fort Job, where
the privileged five were regaled often into
the "wee sma' hours" of the morning, by
the loftiest thoughts and the noblest sen-
timents of the man who, as a teacher,
stands without a rival and without a peer
in the memories of his pupils.

One year before graduation Mr. Crum-
rine chose the legal profession for his
life-work, and entered upon it with Hon.
John L. Gow, of Washington, Pennsyl-
vania, as his preceptor, to whom he re-
cited once a week during his senior year
at college. And during that year, in ad-
dition to his other work, he served as
tutor for two hours each afternoon in the
preparatory department. The first year
after graduation he taught a select class
of young ladies at Canonsburg, continu-
ing his law studies at the same time, and
on August 26, 1861, he was admitted to
practice as attorney at law at the Wash-
ington county bar.

The Civil War, which had begun with
the attack upon Fort Sumter in April,
1861, had interfered with Mr. Crumrine's
purpose to begin legal business in the
West, and within a week after his admis-
sion to the bar he enrolled himself as a
private in an infantry company which, in

519

the following November, 1861, was mus-
tered into the service of the United States
as Company B, 85th Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Volunteer Infantry, when he was
made quartermaster-sergeant of the regi-
ment. After spending the winter of 1861-
62 with his regiment in training camps
about Washington, D. C, he was dis-
charged, in order to accept a commission
as first lieutenant in a brigade of Eastern
Virginia Volunteers then forming, but
soon after his commission was received,
the government issued an order discon-
tinuing all recruiting service and disband-
ing all incomplete organizations. This
made him a citizen again, and returning
home he opened a law office in Washing-
ton, Pennsylvania, in May, 1862, and be-
gan the practice of law, in which he has
continued ever since, with sufficient busi-
ness always to keep him occupied. He
has not grown rich in goods and chattels ;
he never made such riches his object in
life. He has almost always had reason-
ably good health, and as will be seen he
has done much work in a literary way
outside his profession. Of his own efforts
in life he wrote to the class historian for
our reunion of 1885:

"I have tried to keep my little boat trimmed
neatly, and to trim it myself and after my own
style. My sole ambition has been to do as well
as I could what has been set before me. The
law to me has been a jealous mistress; yet, as a
relaxation and a mellowing of the lines of toil,
which otherwise would have been hard to me,
I have been a rider of hobbies, one after an-
other, but always with the reservation of the
liberty to change them at my own will and
pleasure, — philology at one period, then ento-
mology, the microscope, and for many of the
later years, local history and philosophy."

Mr. Crumrine, coming out of college
just before the beginning of the Civil War
when the word "politics" came to mean
something, at once became deeply inter-
ested in public affairs, and during the war
and afterwards until the shameful period

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of reconstruction, was an ardent Repub-
lican ; but, at the time when patriotic busi-
ness men abandoned "politics" and let the
professional politicians take hold again
of the party machinery, he became and
has remained an Independent Republican,
and will so remain. He has tried only to
do his duty in public affairs, as well as
in his private life and business.

He served his county as its district at-
torney, by election, from 1865 to 1868.
In 1870 he served his State and Nation
under appointment of the U. S. Census
office, in compiling the Social Statistics
for the Western District of Pennsylvania,
composed of the territory of about three-
fourths of that State, for the Ninth Cen-
sus of the United States. After this last
temporary employment outside of his pro-
fession in matters in which he had great
interest, he confined himself to his legal
business until, in April, 1887, he was ap-
pointed, without solicitation on his part,
by Hon. James A. Beaver, Governor of
Pennsylvania, the State Reporter of the
Decisions of the Supreme Court of Penn-
sylvania, and, accepting the appointment
as one suited to his tastes and experience,
he had published at the end of his five-
years term thirty-one official volumes of
Pennsylvania State Reports.

In the winter of 1891-92, his term as
State Reporter about expiring, his name
was presented to President Harrison for
appointment as U. S. District Judge for
the Western District of Pennsylvania,
and among many letters to the President
from judges and lawyers of the State,
filed in his favor, there was one in which
the judges of the Supreme Court of the
State had joined, and this letter was such
as made him feel more than comfortable,
even though he failed to receive the ap-
pointment. At the general election in
November, 1891, he was chosen a member
of the Constitutional Convention provided
for by the Act of the General Assembly
of Pennsylvania passed June 19, 1891.

However, a majority of the electors of the
State voting against the prohibition
amendment submitted to the people, the
convention was not held. In 1894 he
was mentioned for nomination as a can-
didate for the office of Judge of the Su-
preme Court; and in 1895, the Superior
Court having been created and organized,
an active canvass was made by his profes-
sional friends in favor of his nomination
as one of the judges of that court, but
unsuccessfully. He has frequently al-
lowed himself to be made a candidate
for office, "but," he says, "I have never
solicited the vote of an elector in my life,
nor sought to have anyone else to get it
for me."

At the close of his term as State Re-
porter, Mr. Crumrine opened again an
office for active practice with his son-in-
law, Mr. J. P. Patterson, at No. 96 Dia-
mond street, Pittsburgh, — afterwards re-
moved to 432 Diamond, and now in
Rooms 501-504 Berger Building, Pitts-
burgh. Since then, still retaining his con-
nection with his home office, at Washing-
ton, Pennsylvania, conducted by his son,
E. E. Crumrine, he has been employed
literally day and night in the business
of his profession. But, whenever, in his
almost fifty years in the pursuit of his
calling, he would become wearied, he
would rest by riding his hobby for the
time being, and outside of printed pam-
phlets and addresses, and records and
arguments for the appellate courts, he
has published the following bound vol-
umes:

1. "Rules to Regulate the Practice of the
several Courts of Washington County." Phila-
delphia, King & Baird, 1871. i vol.

2. "Pittsburgh Reports; containing Cases de-
cided by the Federal and State Courts, Chiefly
at Pittsburgh." Philadelphia, John Campbell &
Son, 1872-1873. 3 vols.

3. "Omnium Gatherum, or Notes of Cases for
the Lawyer's Pocket and Counsel Table." Wash-
ington, Pa., E. R Crumrine, 1878. i vol.

4. "The Centennial Celebration of the Or-

520

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ganization of Washington County, Pennsylvania,
Proceedings and Addresses." Washington, Pa.,
E. E. Crumrine, 1881. i vol.

5. "History of Washington County, Pennsyl-
vania, with Biographical Sketches of many of its
Pioneers and Prominent Men." Illustrated.
Royal octavo, 1,002 pages with index. Philadel-
phia, L. H. Everts & Co., press of J. B. Lippin-
cott & Co., 1882. I vol.

6. "Pennsylvania State Reports, Containing
Cases decided by the Supreme Court of Penn-
sylvania." Vols. 116 to 146 inclusive. New York
and Albany, Banks & Brothers, 1887-1892. 31
vols.

7. "The Boundary Controversy between Penn-
sylvania and Virginia, 1748-1785, with the Rec-
ords of the Old Virginia Courts held within
Southwestern Pennsylvania from 1775 to 1780."
Separates from the Annals of the Carnegie
Museum, bound together. Pittsburgh, Pa., Car-
negie Museum, 1902- 1905. i vol.

8. "The Courts of Justice, Bench and Bar of
Washington County, Pennsylvania, with Sketches
of the Early Court-houses, the Judicial System,
the Law Judges, and a History of the erection
and dedication of the Court-house of 1900 ; Por-
traits and Illustrations." The Lakeside Press,
Chicago, 1902. I vol.

9. Bound up with No. 7, supra: "The County
Court for the District of West Augusta, held
at Augusta Town (Washington), Pa., I776-I777-"
An Historical Sketch. Washington, Pa., Ob-
server Job Rooms, 1905. I vol.

ID. "Art Work of Washington County, in
Nine Parts, for Portfolio." Historical Develop-
ment in Text. Chicago, Gravure Illustration
Company, 1905. i vol.

II. "The Celebration of the Incorporation of
Washington, Pa., as a Borough on February 12,
1810"; with an Introductory Sketch of the Old-
Home Week's Entertainment, and the Addresses
by Hon. Daniel Ashworth, subject, "The Great
Gateway"; Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart, Ph.D.,
subject, "The Pennsylvania Pioneer"; Mr. David
T. Watson, LL.D., subject, "Early School-Day
Recollections" ; and a "Centennial Ode" by Miss
Wilma F. Schmitz. Printed by the New Era
Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa., 1912. One volume.

Mr. Crumrine is a member of the board
of curators of the Citizens' Library of
Washington, Pennsylvania; of the board
of directors of the Washington Cemetery ;
of the board of directors of the Washing-
ton Fire Insurance Company; member
and ex-president of the Washington

County Bar Association ; president of the
Washington County Historical Society;
member of the State Advisory Commis-
sion for the Preservation of Public Rec-
ords ; fourth vice-president of the West-
ern Pennsylvania Historical Society,
Pittsburgh ; member of the National Con-
servation Association of Washington,

D. C. ; member of American Academy of
Political and Social Science, Philadel-
phia; member of American Institute of
Criminal Law and Criminology, Chicago;
and a member of the Pennsylvania Arbi-
tration and Peace Society, Philadelphia.

On August 2, i860, the day following
that on which he was made a bachelor
of arts, Mr. Crumrine was married to
Miss Harriett J., daughter of George A.
and Jane B. (Thompson) Kirk, of Can-
onsburg. Pa. They had four children :
Ernest Ethelbert, Louisa Celeste, Roland
Thompson and Hattie J. Of these Roland
T. and Hattie J. both died young. Ernest

E. is a graduate of Washington and Jef-
ferson College, class of 1883, and, ad-
mitted to the Washington bar in 1886,
is associated with his father in the law
office at Washington, Pennsylvania. His
wife is Gertrude, daughter of Rev. Dr.
J. F. Magill, late of Fairfield, Iowa, de-
ceased ; they have one son, Lucius Mc-
Kennan Crumrine, now a sophomore in
the Washington and Jefferson class of
1912. Louisa Celeste was educated at the
Washington Female Seminary, and is
now the wife of J. P. Patterson, Esq., of
the Pittsburgh bar, associated with her
father in their law office at Pittsburgh.
They now reside at Crafton, Allegheny
county, and have had three children:
Hattie, a daughter who died young, and
two sons, John Logan and Boyd Crum-
rine Patterson, both now in the Crafton
graded schools.

Mr. Crumrine's first wife, Harriett J.
(Kirk), to whom he was married on
August 2, i860, died after a severe illness
on April 29, 1899; and on January i, 1902,

521

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

at Chicago, Illinois, he was married to
Miss Martha A. Roberts, a daughter of
Mr. John T. Roberts, deceased, formerly
of Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, and a full
cousin of his first wife. They reside at
212 East Maiden street, Washington,
Pennsylvania, in the property purchased
by Mr. Crumrine in 1866.

These simple annals — they are nothing
more — present the record of a life devoted
to doing things, and disclose the persist-
ing characteristics of a college student
who always did things well. Unwearied
labor, self-impelled and moving along
chosen lines of conscientious effort, has
brought results, and they are of the kind
that bring recompense. The result of
doing is being. The final fruits of a
man's efforts are found in himself. We
accordingly congratulate our classmate
on the largeness of a life which has al-
ready been so generously comprehensive,
and yet continues beyond the Biblical
limit of three score years and ten in level
poise and vigorous activity. So may it
continue, till present lights become as
shadows in the presence of the greater
light.

BAUSMAN, Joseph Henderson,

Clergyman, Educator, Author.

The Rev. Joseph Henderson Bausman,
D.D., is a native of Pennsylvania, born in
Washington, December 26, 1854, son of
John and Sarah S. Bausman. His father
was a journalist; at one time editor of the
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, "Patriot," and
for many years editor and publisher of
the Washington, Pennsylvania, "Re-
porter."

Dr. Bausman began his education in
the common schools of his native place,
and received his collegiate training in
Washington and Jefferson College, from
which he was graduated in 1880 with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, and in 1883
he received the Master's degree from the

same institution. In the same year he
was graduated from the Western Theo-
logical Seminary, Allegheny, Pennsyl-
vania, and became pastor of the churches
of Homer City and Bethel, Presbytery of
Kittaning. In 1887 he was called to the
pastorate of the churches of Rochester
and Freedom, Presbytery of Allegheny.
In the following year he resigned from
the Freedom Church, but continued to
serve the church at Rochester until the
spring of 1892. From 1892 he has been
pastor of the First Congregational Church
of Rochester, Pennsylvania. In 1905 he
received from Washington and Jefferson
College the degree of Doctor of Divinity,
and in 1906 he was elected by the board
of trustees of that college as the Wallace
Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory, and
now holds that chair.

Dr. Bausman is the author of a very
complete and comprehensive "History of
Beaver County, Pennsylvania," two vol-
umes, published by The Knickerbocker
Press (G. P. Putnam's Sons), in 1904,
and of the "History of the Class of 1880,
Washington and Jefferson College," pub-
lished by the same press in 1905. He is
a member of the Bassett Club, Washing-
ton, Pennsylvania ; the Query Club, Pitts-
burgh ; the American Historical Associa-
tion, Historical Society of Pennsylvania
and Historical Society of Western Penn-
sylvania.

He married, at Rochester, Pennsyl-
vania, February 23, 1909, Hettie Bu-
chanan Moulds, of that place, born in
Steubenville, Ohio.

HEMPHILL, Joseph,

Iiairyer, Jnriat.

From the time Alexander Hemphill
from the North of Ireland became an
"inmate" of Edgmont, Chester county,
Pennsylvania, the Hemphills have been
important factors in the growth, develop-
ment and prosperity of Chester county.

522-

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

This record deals with three generations
of lawyers, all practitioners at the Ches-
ter county bar, all eminent in their pro-
fession, and all men of the highest char-
acter. They are representative of the
third, fourth and fifth generations of their
family in the United States.

Alexander Hemphill, the emigrant, set-
tled in Chester county about the middle
of the eighteenth century, and had among
other children a son James Hemphill,
who is recorded in Edgmont, Chester
county, as early as 1747. He was a pros-
perous farmer, a township officer, and
from 1762 to 1803 one of the trustees of
the Middletown Presbyterian Church.
He was buried August 12, 1809, at St.
John's Episcopal Church in Concord
township. He married, at Christ Church,
Philadelphia, December 26, 1750, Eliza-
beth Wills, who in 1812 moved to West
Chester with three of her daughters.

William Hemphill, twelfth of the thir-
teen children of James and Elizabeth
(Wills) Hemphill, was born in Goshen,
December 6, 1776, and obtained his edu-
cation in the schools of West Chester and
Wilmington. After a full apprenticeship
of the bookbinder's trade, he studied law
and was admitted to the Chester county
bar. In November, 1803, he was ap-
pointed Deputy Attorney General for the
county, an office he held five years. That
he was one of the leaders of the bar is
attested by the records of the courts of
Chester county, his name therein appear-
ing as counsel in almost one-third of the
cases tried from 1805 to the time of his
death in West Chester, October 2, 1817.
That he was a progressive citizen is
shown not only by the fact that in front
of his residence on High street was laid
the first brick pavement in the town, but
also by the fact that he was the most en-
ergetic solicitor of funds and the largest
contributor to the West Chester Acad-
emy. He also assisted in the organiza-
tion of the West Chester Fire Company

in 1799, and was for several years its
treasurer. He was prominent in the
councils of the Federalist party, and in
181 1 was the candidate of that party for
State Senator, running well ahead of his
ticket, but failing of an election. He
married Ann McClellan, daughter of
Colonel Joseph and Keziah (Parke)
McClellan, of West Chester. He was
buried in the Friends' burying ground on
High street, but after the death of his
widow, August 19, i860, his remains were
taken to Oakland cemetery, where they
rest side by side. Both of his sons em-
braced the profession of law, although
the eldest, James Alexander Hemphill,
first a midshipman in the United States
Navy, renounced his profession, after
practicing ten years, in favor of journal-
ism.

Joseph, second son of William and Ann
(McClellan) Hemphill, was born in West
Chester, December 7, 1807. He was edu-
cated under the direction of Jonathan
Cause and Joshua Hoopes, of West Ches-
ter, and James W. Robbins of Lenox,
Massachusetts. He chose his father's
profession, and studied law under the
preceptorship of Thomas S. Bell. He
was admitted to the Chester county bar,
August 3, 1829, and soon afterward to
the bar of Delaware county. Devoted
as he was to his profession, he reached
a commanding position at the bar, which
he maintained until his death. In Janu-
ary, 1839, he was appointed by Governor
David R. Porter to the office of Deputy
Attorney General, serving until January,
1845, declining reappointment. He was
several times the nominee of his party
for the Legislature and for Congress, and
in 1861 was nominated for the office of
President Judge of the district composed
of the counties of Chester and Delaware.
The Republican majority at that time
was, however, too great, even for Mr.
Hemphill to overcome, although he
greatly reduced the normal majority

523

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

against his party. Judge Futhey, now
also deceased, who knew him well, said
of him :

"His career as a lawyer was marked by a
remarkable degree of fairness towards an op-
ponent in the trial of a cause, a quiet yet reso-
lute bearing, close attention to the details of the
case in hand, and the most watchful care over
the interests of his cHents. He was not only a
sound and well-read lawyer but an excellent
belles-lettres scholar. He took a deep interest in
public affairs and his mind was stored with con-
temporaneous history, both local and general.
In politics he acted with the Democratic party
and for forty years had taken a leading part in
its counsels, speaking at public meetings and
supporting its nominations. But his patriotism
rose above party and he hesitated not to rebuke
it, when it was in conflict with his sense of
duty."

He married, in Philadelphia, Novem-
ber 22, 1841, Catherine Elizabeth Dal-
lett, daughter of Elijah and Judith (Jen-
kinson) Dallett of Philadelphia. Joseph
Hemphill died February 11, 1870, his
widow surviving until May 13, 1878.
Both are buried in Oakland cemetery.

Joseph, eldest of the seven children of
Joseph and Catherine Elizabeth (Dal-
lett) Hemphill, and the third of this dis-
tinguished trio of Chester county law-
yers, was born at West Chester, Septem-
ber 17, 1842. He attended private schools
in his native town, and Willistown Semi-
nary at East Hampton, Massachusetts. In
i860 he began the study of law in his
father's office, continuing until Septem-
ber, 1862, when as first sergeant of Com-
pany D, Second Regiment Pennsylvania
Militia, he was called into service. A few
weeks later, the regiment having been
discharged, he entered Harvard Law
School in the senior class, being under
the personal direction of Chief Justice
Parker, later of the Supreme Court of
New Hampshire and of Parsons & Wash-
burn, the well-known legal authors.
Upon his return from Harvard the fol-
lowing June, he enlisted in the 43rd Penn-

sylvania Regiment as first sergeant of
Company E, and was again called out
when Lee invaded Pennsylvania in 1863.
Two months later the regiment was mus-
tered out, and he then resumed legal
study under his father. On October 31,
1864, after passing the required exami-
nation with an excellent record, he was
admitted to the Chester county bar, and
soon afterward was admitted to a part-
nership with his father that existed until
the death of the latter in 1870. From
that time until his elevation to the bench,
he was in continuous active practice, with
offices in the Hemphill Building, erected
by his father in 1836-37.

Judge Hemphill's political career, ter-
minating in his election to the office of
President Judge of Chester county, is
of interest. A conservative Jeffersonian
Democrat, he was for several years chair-
man of the Democratic committee of
Chester county. He was several times
the nominee of his party for the State
Legislature and for district attorney. In
1872 he was elected a member of the
Constitutional Convention, and his ser-
vices in that body in 1872-73 were both
conspicuous and valuable. It was his
valuable service to his State in framing
the new constitution, his excellent judg-
ment, well balanced legal mind, his high
standing at the bar and his great personal
popularity in the county that made him
the logical candidate of the Democracy
in 1889 for the office of Additional Law
Judge, and he was elected by a majority
of thirty-two votes in a district over-
whelmingly Republican, Chester county
having given one year previous 4,000 ma-
jority for Harrison over Cleveland. Add
to this the fact that in the election of
1889 every candidate on the Democratic
ticket went down to defeat, except Judge
Hemphill, and an idea of the great per-
sonal strength of the man may be gained.
He took his seat January 6, 1890, and
in 1897, upon the death of Judge Wad-

524

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

dell, he was succeeded by Judge Hemp-
hill as President Judge of Chester county.
Upon the expiration of his term in 1899
he was nominated by the Democratic
party to succeed himself and received the
great and unusual compliment of receiv-
ing an endorsement from every party
having a ticket in the field. This unani-
mous approval of his ten years on the
bench was a most gracious endorsement,
and one most gratifying to the upright
judge receiving it. At the expiration of
his second term he was again reelected,
and is now serving his third term in a
district opposed to him politically. By
the bar he is recognized as one of the
ablest common pleas judges in Pennsyl-
vania, and it is said that no county court
in the State meets with fewer reversals
in the Supreme Court than that of the
county of Chester.

Judge Hemphill married, February 28,
1867, Eliza Ann Lytle, daughter of
Colonel Edward H. and Elizabeth
(Shoenberger) Lytle, of Blair county,
Pennsylvania. Children: Lily; Joseph;
Edward, died young, and William Lytle,
Judge Hemphill on October 31, 1914,
will have completed a term of service at
the Chester county bar covering half a
century. As trembling novice, success-
ful practitioner and judge, this veteran
of a thousand legal battles reviews a past
that can give him naught but satisfac-
tion. He has his residence in West Ches-
ter, the town in which his father and
grandfather both lived, and the court
over which he has so long presided is the
same in which they practiced and laid
the foundation on which the legal fame
of the present Judge Hemphill securely
rests.

CARLIN, Thomas H.,

Prominent Business Man.

Among those who laid the foundations
of Pittsburgh's greatness were many of

the sturdy, aggressive North of Ireland
stock — men who were, in many instances,
the descendants of Scottish ancestors,
and who brought with them to the New
World those forceful and sterling traits
of character for which they had ever
been noted in their home across the sea.
A representative of the finest type of this
masterful race was the late Thomas
Houston Carlin, head of the firm of
Thomas Carlin's Sons, famous for foun-
dry work and the manufacture of machin-
ery. Mr. Carlin was a life-long resident
of his native city, and for more than a
quarter of a century was closely and
prominently identified with her leading
interests.

Thomas Carlin, father of Thomas H.
Carlin, was born in 1821, in Belfast, Ire-
land, and was the son of an officer in
the English army. About 1850 Thomas
Carlin emigrated to the United States and
settled in Allegheny City, now North Side,
Pittsburgh. Skilled in every detail per-
taining to foundry work and the manu-
facture of machinery, he founded, in i860,
the firm of Thomas Carlin, which has
since become one of the most prominent
of its kind in the city. Mr. Carlin was a
Republican in politics, a member of the
United Presbyterian church and active in
charitable work. He married Flora Mc-
Alechan, and their children were: David,
died in 1881 ; Thomas H., mentioned be-
low ; Mary, married John Irwin ; and
William James, whose sketch and por-
trait appear elsewhere in this work; and
John Henry, president of Carlin Machin-
ery Supply Company, of Pittsburgh,
North Side. Mr. Carlin died in 1884,
leaving the reputation of an honorable
manufacturer of aggressive methods, an
upright citizen and a kind-hearted, genial
man. His brother. General Carlin, was a
famous Federal officer of the Civil War.

Thomas H., son of Thomas and Flora
(McMechan) Carlin, was born December
7, 185 1, in Pittsburgh, and received his

525

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

education in the public schools of his na-
tive city. He early became associated
in business with his father, manifesting
from the first clear insight, sound judg-
ment and the ability to look ahead and
foretell results. Upon the death of his
father Mr. Carlin became head of the
great concern which, under his capable
management, steadily enlarged the scope
of its transactions. Always a man of
singularly strong personality, Mr. Carlin
exerted a wonderful influence over his as-
sociates and subordinates. By the former
especially was he loved and respected, by
reason of the invariable justice, kindli-
ness and consideration which marked his
conduct toward them. After his retire-
ment from the firm he engaged very suc-
cessfully in the real estate business.

In everything pertaining to the city's
welfare Mr. Carlin manifested a keen
and active interest, affiliating with the
Republicans in politics, but never being
numbered among office-seekers. He was
quietly but actively charitable, never
neglecting an opportunity to assist one to
whom nature, fate or environment had
seemed less kindly than to himself. He
belonged to the Engineers' Association of
Western Pennsylvania and was a mem-
ber of the Second United Presbyterian
Church. In Mr. Carlin's character there
was a happy combination of gentleness
and dignity. A fine-looking, genial man,
his countenance radiating an optimistic
spirit, the briefest talk with him revealed
his remarkable ability and versatile tal-
ents. Of dignified and affable manners,
his simplicity and personal magnetism
surrounded him with a host of friends,
and inspired a warm regard in those never
within the circle of intimacy.

Mr. Carlin married, November 4, 1886,
Sarah A., daughter of William H. and
Margrete (Stewart) Alexander, and they
became the parents of the following chil-
dren: Thomas H., William McKinley,
and Flora. Mrs. Carlin, a woman of

charming personality, and admirably
fitted by mental endowments, thorough
education and innate grace and refine-
ment for her position as one of the potent
factors of Pittsburgh society, is also an
accomplished home-maker, and during
the entire period of their union her hus-
band ever found in her an ideal helpmeet.
Mr. Carlin was devoted to the ties of
family and friendship, regarding them as
sacred obligations.

The death of this able and broad-
minded man occurred June 23, 1909, and
was mourned as that of one who had
never allowed questionable methods to
form part of his business career, and
whose daily conduct had been, in large
measure, an exemplification of his belief
in the brotherhood of mankind.

The life of Thomas H. Carlin was that
of the ideal Pittsburgh business man —
the man who, while finding in the arena
of business his true sphere of action, is
yet a force in the political, social and re-
ligious life of his community, whose sym-
metrically developed nature secures for
him a wide range of interests and causes
his influence to be both deep and far-
reaching. It was a truly well-rounded
life, the life of a man whose conduct and
example were a blessing to his day and
generation.

READER, Francis Smith,

Soldier, Journalist.

Francis Smith Reader, of New
Brighton, Pennsylvania, is the son of
Francis Reader and Eleanor Bentley
Smith, and comes of a long line of
American ancestors. The earliest known
of this family branch is of one Samuel
Reader, who married Elizabeth, daughter
of William Palmer, of the Ravenshaw
estate, near Solihul, in Warwickshire,
England. They moved to Houiley, where
they had seven children. Of these, Wil-
liam, born November, 1752, married Mary

526

/^^-c^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

White, of High Cross Rowington, in 1782,
and in 1784 they moved to Houiley.
They were F. S. Reader's grandparents,
and had thirteen children. In 1804, Wil-
liam Reader determined to go to Amer-
ica, and he sold his farming stock by
auction at Honiley, March 12-13, 1804.
They left Liverpool, June 11, 1804, on
the American ship "Washington," and
reached Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Aug-
ust 15, after a voyage of 65 days, a part
of which was very stormy and danger-
ous. All the family came to America
except the eldest son, William. The fam-
ily remained in the neighborhood of Phil-
adelphia for some weeks, and in the fall
bought a wagon and some horses and
started for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, un-
dergoing the hardships incident to the
traveling of that day, over the mountains
and through the wilderness everywhere,
happy in the thought of founding a home
of their own among the people of the free
and promising new country. At Pitts-
burgh he made inquiries for land, and
selected a farm on the ]\Ionongahela
river, in Nottingham township, Wash-
ington county, Pennsylvania, February i,
1805, containing 200 acres, for which he
paid $8 an acre. In a letter to his son
William, in London, he described its im-
provements as "a. new house which cost
$1,000, a barn, stable, and some other out-
buildings, and a whiskey distillery, which
proved the ruin of the family that for-
merly owned it, for they all but two died
for the love of it." One of their neigh-
bors was John Holcroft, from Lancashire,
England, a prominent figure in the
"Whiskey Insurrection" in western Penn-
sylvania, and was reputed to be the no-
torious "Tom the Tinker" of that period.
Charles Reader, one of the sons of Wil-
liam Reader, painted a portrait of Hol-
croft which is yet in existence. William
Reader had great faith in Mr. Holcroft,
and turned to him as the adviser of his
family in his property interests, while he

made a business trip to his old home in
England, and some of their descendants
intermarried. William Reader died in
1808, and the property passed to his
widow and children. Francis Reader,
eleventh son of William Reader, born
September 23, 1798, was the father of
Francis S. Reader.

F. S. Reader's ancestors on his mother's
side were all early settlers of this coun-
try, antedating the Revolution in each
case. The Scotts and Agnews were
Scotch-Irish, while the Smiths, Wallaces
and Hopkinses were pure Scotch. The
earliest settler in this country of all the
families was Hugh Scott, who settled in
Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1670.
Rebecca Scott, granddaughter of Hugh,
married James Agnew as his second wife.
James Agnew was born October, 171 1,
and settled in what is now Adams county,
Pennsylvania, in 1734. He was a de-
scendant of the old Agnew family, whose
place was at Straurear, in the southwest
part of Scotland, the history of which is
given from A. D. 99. James and Rebecca
Agnew had a family of nine children, of
whom Anne, born October 3, 1753, be-
came the wife of Rev. John Smith, May
12, 1772. Rev. John Smith was born in
1747, near Stirling, Scotland ; was gradu-
ated at the University of Glasgow,
studied theology with Prof. Moncrieff,
and is believed to be a descendant of the
covenanting martyr Walter Smith, who
suffered death in 1681. He was ordained
in 1769 by the Associate Presbytery of
Stirling, volunteered to go as a mission-
ary to America, and became a member
of the Pequea, Pennsylvania, Presbytery,
June 4, 1771. He was installed May 6,
1772, pastor of the Middle Octoraro
Church in Lancaster county, remaining
there until 1796, when he was installed
as pastor of the Chartiers Associate
Church, Canonsburg, Washington coun-
ty. Pennsylvania, remaining until 1802,
after which he served for some time in
527

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Alexandria, Virginia, and later lived on
a farm near Canonsburg, where he died,
March 25, 1825. A church historian has
said of him : "In mental force, in theo-
logical learning and in pulpit power, Mr.
Smith had few equals, and perhaps no
superiors, among all the ministers with
whom he was ecclesiastically associated,
and soon after the Union of 1782 he was
designated by the Associate Reformed
Synod as a suitable person to take over-
sight and instruction of its theological
students." The Union of 1782 was that
of the Associate (Seceders) Presbytery,
and the Reformed (Covenanters) Presby-
tery of Pennsylvania, of which he was
declared to be "one of the fathers" by
the Associate Reformed Synod of Amer-
ica in 1838. Rev. John Smith and wife
had nine children, of whom James Ag-
new Smith, born September 3, 1787, mar-
ried Martha Wallace, daughter of Colonel
William Wallace, September 7, 1809.
They were the grandparents, on the
mother's side, of Francis S. Reader.

Colonel William Wallace and wife,
Elizabeth Hopkins Wallace, whose
daughter Martha married James Agnew
Smith, had a long line of ancestors in
Maryland, who came from Renfrewshire
and Ayrshire, Scotland. The first record
of the Wallaces in Maryland was of one
Matthew Wallace, who was granted a pat-
ent in 1694 for a tract of land in Somer-
set county, called Kirkminster. He had
at least three sons, one of whom was at-
tracted by the Scotch colony called "New
Scotland," within the limits of the Dis-
trict of Columbia, and settled there. The
first mention of James Wallace in this
section was August 8, 1710, and he is be-
lieved to be the father of James and Wil-
liam Wallace, who founded "Brothers
Industry," a plantation of 1,429 acres, in
Prince George county, in 1722. This tract
lies back of Cabin John bridge, about two
miles from where that famous creek en-
ters the Potomac river. It is one of the

traditions and family tenets of these Wal-
laces that they are descended from Sir
Malcolm Wallace, the Knight of Elderslie,
father of Sir William Wallace, the great
Scotch patriot, through one of his other
sons, of whom he had three, and the claim
seems to be well founded, thus tracing the
ancestry of the family to the early part of
the twelfth century, when Richard, son
of Galieus of Wales, known as "Richard
the Welshman," went into Scotland and
founded the family of Wallace, and is the
progenitor of all the Wallaces in Scotland
and Ireland, and their descendants in
America and other lands. His first grant
of land was in Ayrshire, while his great-
grandson. Sir Malcolm Wallace, was at
Elderslie in Renfrewshire. It is from
the Elderslie branch that the Wallaces
of Virginia and Maryland claim descent.
James Wallace, of "Brothers Indus-
try," married Mary Douglass, of Scot-
land, and they had five children. Their
daughter Eleanor married John Hopkins,
a Scotchman of the same county. They
had eleven children, some of whom moved
to Washington county, Pennsylvania, and
became very prominent. Elizabeth, a
daughter of John Hopkins, married Wil-
liam Wallace, son of William Wallace,
brother of James Wallace. Thus it ap-
pears that William Wallace married the
daughter of his cousin, Eleanor Wallace
Hopkins. William Wallace and Eliza-
beth Hopkins were married in Montgom-
ery county, Maryland, July 11, 1779, and
soon after their marriage moved to what
is now Somerset township, Washington
county, Pennsylvania. They built a
stone house about two miles from Bent-
leysville, in 1779 and 1780, which is yet
standing, where their family of six chil-
dren were born. Their youngest daugh-
ter, Martha, born September 5, 1788, mar-
ried James Agnew Smith. Colonel Wal-
lace owned several tracts of land in Som-
erset and Bethlehem townships, one
called "Wallace's Industry," and another

528

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

"Wallace's bargain," over 1,700 acres in
all. He also had a grist mill, was a
planter and stock grower, and owned at
one time four slaves, but never was a dis-
tiller. William Wallace was a soldier in
the Revolutionary war, serving in Cap-
tain Richard Smith's company of militia,
for the service of the "Flying Camp," in
Maryland, in the campaigns of General
Washington in 1776-77, and perhaps
later; and in the "Rangers of the Fron-
tier" after moving to Washington county,
Pennsylvania. After the Revolution he
was a prominent figure in the militia of
the State. In 1782 he was a private, in
1784 an ensign, and became colonel of
militia in 1791 or 1792. His title of
colonel was derived from this office in
the militia, as he held no office in the
Revolutionary army so far as is known.
Colonel Wallace was prominent as a poli-
tician as well as a soldier. June 30, 1788,
he was appointed Associate Judge in
Washington county, by the Supreme Ex-
ecutive Council of the State, for the term
of seven years ; was elected fourth sheriff
of the county, November 9, 1790, for three
years; and was elected as a representa-
tive to the House of Representatives of
the State, October 2, 1794, serving three
terms. In the "Whiskey Insurrection"
he was at a meeting held in Pittsburgh,
August 27, 1792, and was appointed
chairman of the committee on corre-
spondence, but, so far as the records
show, took no offensive part in the move-
ment. He was a stipend payer in Rev.
John McMillan's Pigeon Creek Presby-
terian Church, and was a man of great
influence in his day. The coat-of-arms of
the Elderslie line of Wallaces is as fol-
lows, and it is practically the same as that
adopted by the Wallaces of Virginia:
"Az. a lion rampant arg. within a bordure,
counter compony arg. and az. — crest, an
ostrich holding in his beak a horseshoe
ppr."

Francis Reader, son of William and

Mary Reader, married (first) December
25, 1832, Catherine James, daughter of
William James, a Revolutionary soldier.
They had two children, Samuel James
Reader and Eliza Matilda Reader. The
mother died May 19, 1836, and the chil-
dren were left in care of her sister, Eliza
James. Mr. James and his daughter and
two children moved to Wellsburg, Vir-
ginia, in 1839, thence to La Harpe, Illi-
nois, in 1841, and in May, 1855, removed
to Indianola, Kansas, where they se-
lected land. Eliza M. Reader, born De-
cember 15, 1833, was married to Dr. M.
A. Campdoras, a French surgeon, Febru-
ary 22, 1858, and had the following chil-
dren : Leon S., J. Katherine, Frank
Reader, Virginia J., Grace R., Velleda M.,
and Irene M. He served in the Civil War
as assistant surgeon of the Second Regi-
ment, Indian Home Guards, and was
wounded at the battle of Cane Hill, No-
vember 28, 1862. Samuel J. Reader, born
January 25, 1836, married, December 17,
1867, Elizabeth E. Smith, of La Harpe,
Illinois, and had three children — Ruth
and Frederick A., deceased, and Eliza-
beth, born October 9, 1871. He was a
private in Company G, Second Regiment,
"Kansas Free State Army," during the
"Border Ruffian War" in 1856, being with
"Old John Brown" a short time. He par-
ticipated in the battle of Hickory Point,
Kansas, September 13, 1856, and the
next day returned home. In the Civil
War he was second lieutenant of Com-
pany D, Second Regiment Kansas State
Militia, and later quartermaster of the
regiment. October 22, 1864, he was in the
battle of Big Blue River, was captured,
and escaped October 25. He retired from
service October 30, 1864. Francis Reader
married (second) January 10, 1842, Elea-
nor Bentley Smith, whose ancestors are
briefly noticed in preceding pages. They
settled in Greenfield, now Coal Center,
Washington county, Pennsylvania, where
they had three children — Francis Smith,
529

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

born November 17, 1842; Martha W.,
born October 22, 1844; and Eleanor M.,
born October 5, 1846. The mother died
of typhoid fever February 8, 1847. She
was a member of the Cumberland Pres-
byterian Church. After the death of the
mother, the children lived with their
grandparents, James A. Smith and wife,
and the father, with his sisters, Harriet
and Martha Reader, lived on adjoining
farms in Union township until his mar-
riage with Mrs. William Duvall Jack-
man, January 8, 1849, when the family
was reunited. The new mother was a
noble woman and a true mother, but was
called by death December 8, 1854.

Francis Reader was reared on his
father's farm, and, in addition to the work
of farming, he learned the trade of car-
penter and millwright. Being of a stu-
dious turn of mind, and especially fond
of mathematics, he applied himself to
study and learned civil engineering. All
his studying was done after the day's
work, mastering the few books he could
get possession of. After settling in
Greenfield he followed his trade as car-
penter for about twenty years. June il,
1844, he was elected justice of the peace,
an office he held for thirty-two years.
When not employed at his trade he gave
his time to surveying and the duties of
justice, which included conveyancing in
its different forms. He surveyed nearly
all the coal mines in the neighborhood,
many of the farms, and laid out the town
of Newell, across the river from Green-
field, and his work was regarded as so
correct that what he did was accepted as
final and binding. On October 28, 1862,
he was elected deputy surveyor general,
now county surveyor, of Washington
county, though it was politically opposed
to him, and served three years. In mental
ability, strength of character, honesty of
purpose, uprightness of life and fairness
to others, he was without a superior in
the neighborhood, and he was freely con-

sulted by his neighbors on all subjects,
and had their full confidence. He was a
member of the Presbyterian church, and
a prominent Mason. During the Civil
War both of his sons and two of his sons-
in-law served in the Union army. His
daughter, Martha W. Reader, was mar-
ried December 25, 1867, to William F.
Morgan, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
who was born April 12, 1843, ^"^ was a
member of prominent families of the
Monongahela valley, a descendant of
Colonel Edward Cook, one of the most
prominent men in Western Pennsylvania
during the Revolutionary period. Mr.
Morgan served in the Civil War in the
62d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
until March 25, 1863, and reenlisted Aug-
ust 9, 1863, in a Pennsylvania battery of
light artillery, and served until the close
of the war. He was an elder of the Pres-
byterian church, and a worker in the
church and Sunday school. His wife was
also a member. Both are deceased. They
had the following children: Harry
Reader, born January 11, 1869; Frank E.,
born March 28, 1871 ; Pearl A., born Aug-
ust 9, 1874; Katherine E., born May 18,
1879; Mary Eleanor, born April 29, 1885;
and Grace H., born May 31, 1887, de-
ceased. His other daughter, Eleanor M.,
was united in marriage with Rev. Oliver
Gans Hertzog, October 28, 1869, who was
born April 9, 1844, in Fayette county,
Pennsylvania. His ancestors on his
father's side came from Holland to Mary-
land before the Revolution. On his
mother's side he traces his ancestry to
George Baltzer Gans, who came from
Germany to Philadelphia in 1719. Mr.
Hertzog began teaching at twenty years
of age, and was educated at the State
Normal School, California, Pennsylvania,
and Bethany College, West Virginia. He
was baptized into the Baptist church at
sixteen years of age, united with the Dis-
ciples of Christ at twenty-one, and en-
tered upon the work of the ministry at

530

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

twenty-five. He has served and built
churches in many places in New York
and Canada, and September i, 1891, be-
came financial secretary of Hiram Col-
lege, Ohio, and resigned to work with the
missionary board of the church, and later
retired. Their children — Frances, born
April I, 1871 ; Fred Reader, born Octo-
ber 17, 1872; Oliver Russell, born June 4,
1884; and Eleanor May and Carl Willard,
died in infancy.

Francis S. Reader received his school-
ing in the public schools, and a short
course in Mount Union College, Ohio,
and a commercial course in Iron City Col-
lege, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His
summers were generally spent with rela-
tives in the country, and he worked some
time with his father at the carpenter
trade. At the breaking out of the Civil
War he was clerk in a store and assistant
postmaster of his native town. Preceding
the war he was an interested listener to
the arguments for and against slavery,
and his sympathies were enlisted on the
side of the abolitionists. The feeling
was intense, but he kept his counsel, de-
termined to stand by his country.

When Fort Sumter was fired upon, he
joined with his neighbors in forming a
military company, which was organized
April 27, 1861, but was not accepted by
the State on account of the quota being
filled. Governor Pierpont, of reorganized
Virginia, asked this company to serve in
his State, and the invitation was accepted,
the company being mustered into the
United States service July 10, 1861, at
Wheeling, Virginia. Later it was sent to
Beverly, Virginia, where it was desig-
nated as Company I, Second Virginia In-
fantry. The regiment retained this name
until June, 1863, when it was mounted,
and then named mounted infantry, and
later the Fifth West Virginia Cavalry. As
infantry the regiment served under Gen-
eral John C. Fremont in the Shenandoah
valley campaign against "Stonewall"

Jackson, and under General John Pope in
his campaign in Virginia, and other cam-
paigns in Western Virginia. As cavalry
it served under General William Averell
in his famous campaigns in Western Vir-
ginia. In July, 1863, Francis S. Reader
was detailed by special order to General
Averell's headquarters, and in the spring
of 1864 to General Franz Sigel's head-
quarters in the Shenandoah valley, and on
the retirement of General Sigel was trans-
ferred to General David Hunter's head-
quarters, and was connected with the
Assistant Provost Marshal's department.
He was captured in General Hunter's
famous expedition to Lynchburg, Vir-
ginia, in June, 1864. His term of service
having about expired he, with others, was
ordered to form the advance guard for a
command in charge of a wagon train re-
turning to the Kanawha Valley. He and
other comrades were cut oflf and captured
June 20, 1864, near White Sulphur
Springs, West Virginia, and taken to
Lynchburg, Virginia, where they were
imprisoned in a tobacco warehouse. From
here they were taken on a train bound
for Andersonville prison, and on July 19
he and three comrades jumped from the
train, about twenty miles south of
Burkesville Junction, Virginia, and after
ten days and nights of suffering and
hunger, walking in the night and hiding
during the day, reached General Meade's
headquarters at Petersburg, Virginia,
July 30, 1864, having passed through the
right wing of General Robert E. Lee's
grand Confederate army. Broken in
health, he was sent home and was dis-
charged August 8, 1864.

He rested at home and took part in the
political campaign, casting his first vote
for Abraham Lincoln in November. He
taught school that winter, and in the
spring took a course in bookkeeping in
Iron City College, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania. In July, 1865, he was offered a
clerkship in the civil service, under Hon.

531

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

David Sankey, Collector of Internal
Revenue, Nevf Castle, Pennsylvania, and
entered upon his duties July 22, being
associated intimately for over a year
with Ira D. Sankey, the famous singing
evangelist. With the exception of one
year, he was in this work for about ten
years continuously. He was converted
December 16, 1865, at a series of meet-
ings in the Methodist Episcopal church.
October 22, 1866, he left New Castle and
entered the office of Archibald Robert-
son, at Brighton, now Beaver Falls,
Pennsylvania, successor of Mr. Sankey,
and remained until August, 1867, when
he resigned to attend Mount Union Col-
lege, Ohio, spending two terms at that
school.

On the evening of December 24, 1867,
he was united in marriage with Miss Mer-
ran F. Darling, daughter of Joseph Q. and
Rebecca Cobb Darling, of New Brighton.
Joseph Darling came of an old New Eng-
land family, being born in Orford, New
Hampshire, in 1806, son of Josiah and
Mary Quint Darling. The Darlings seem
to have had their origin in that State at
^anbornton, and were living there long
before the Revolution. The Quints were
among the early settlers of New Hamp-
shire, one John Quint being a scout
against the French in 1712, and a number
of the family were in the Revolutionary
army. Rebecca Cobb came also of old
New England families. The Cobbs set-
tled in Massachusetts, where her great-
grandfather, Isaac Cobb, was born in
1760. They were seamen, and after their
removal to Chautauqua county. New
York, Isaac Cobb was captain of a boat
on the lakes — the "Henry Clay." On her
mother's side, the Bucklens were also an
old New England family, moving to
Chautauqua county, New York, in June,
1817, and settled Bucklens Corners, now
known as Gerry. Joseph Q. Darling and
Miss Rebecca Cobb were married in
Chautauqua county. New York, their

daughter Merran being born there Sep-
tember 28, 1846, after which they removed
to New Brighton, Pennsylvania.

Francis S. and Merran D. Reader have
two sons — Frank Eugene Reader, and
Willard Stanton Reader.

Frank Eugene Reader was born De-
cember 15, 1868. He attended the pub-
lic schools at New Brighton, Pennsyl-
vania, and Geneva College, Beaver Falls,
Pennsylvania, and in October, 1885, en-
tered Johns Hopkins University, Balti-
more, Maryland, where he pursued the
undergraduate course, and was gradu-
ated June, 1888, with the degree of Bach-
elor of Arts, taking second honors in a
large class. He registered in the law of-
fice of Major A. M. Brown and John S.
Lambie, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in
1889, and was admitted to practice in
the Allegheny county courts September,
1 891, and the Beaver county, Pennsyl-
vania, courts, in October, 1891. Later
he was admitted to the superior and su-
preme courts of Pennsylvania. He be-
came a member of the law firm of Moore,
Moore & Reader in 1892 and was elected
solicitor of the Beaver County Building
and Loan Association the same year. In
April, 1897, he retired from the firm and
opened an office in his own name in New
Brighton. He became a member of the
firm of Hice, Morrison, Reader & May,
January i, 1898. He is a member of the
Historical Society of Beaver County,
Pennsylvania, and of the Pennsylvania
Society Sons of the American Revolu-
tion. He was united in marriage with
Jennie B. Nesbit, June 3, 1896, and they
have three daughters — Dorothy Nesbit
Reader, born May 8, 1897; Merran Ethel
Reader, born February 17, 1900; and Mar-
tha Moore Reader, born May 20, 1903.
They and the two older girls are members
of Grace Methodist Episcopal church,
New Brighton, Pennsylvania.

Mrs. Reader is the daughter of Sam-
uel H. Nesbit, D.D., and Lida J. Moore.

532

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Nesbit was of Scotch-Irish descent,
his parents coming to this country from
the North of Ireland when young, and
were married in 1811. He was born in
Butler county, Pennsylvania, September
30, 182 1, and was converted in 1842, and
entered Allegheny College, Meadville,
Pennsylvania, in 1845, to prepare for the
ministry. He was licensed as a local
preacher November 3, 1843, and received
on trial in the Pittsburgh Conference
Methodist Episcopal church in 1847. He
was principal of Wellsburg, Virginia,
Seminary, 1853-5; president of Richmond
College, 1857-8; editor of the "Pittsburgh
Christian Advocate," 1860-1872; presiding
elder two terms ; and afterward served as
pastor of the churches at Monongahela,
Butler and New Brighton, Pennsylvania,
dying at the latter place while pastor,
April 5, 1891.

Willard Stanton Reader was born Sep-
tember 28, 1871. He attended public
school and Geneva College for a short
time. He entered the office of the "Beaver
Valley News," owned by his father, as
an apprentice in 1886, assumed the duties
of reporter in 1888, and was admitted to
partnership September 28, 1892, and since
then has been the city editor of the paper.
He wrote for Pittsburgh papers, was sec-
retary of the Board of Health, and bur-
gess of New Brighton one term. He is
a member of the Pennsylvania Society
Sons of the American Revolution. He
was united in marriage with Miss Lily
D. Robinson, March i, 1897; they have
three sons — Willard Donald, born De-
cember 20, 1897; Robert Wallace, born
December 1.3, 1901 ; and Eugene Francis,
born November 3, 1906. Mrs. Reader is
the daughter of Thomas Robinson and
Mary J. Lynch. Mr. Robinson served
his country as a soldier in the Civil War.
His ancestors settled early in the eastern
part of Pennsylvania, where he was born.
His mother was an Edwards, a family of
strong and noble character in Lawrence

county, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Robinson
was of Scotch-Irish descent, her ances-
tors coming from the North of Ireland
to this country in 1780. Mr. and Mrs.
Reader and the two older boys are mem-
bers of the Presbyterian church.

In March, 1868, Francis S. Reader re-
ceived an appointment to preach in the
North Missouri Conference, Methodist
Episcopal church, but was compelled to
abandon it before the year was up, on
account of failure of voice, and returned
to New Brighton, Pennsylvania. He held
the office of local preacher for a number
of years, was an official member thirty-
five years and Sunday school superin-
tendent twenty-seven years. In October,
1904, he transferred his membership to
the First Presbyterian church. New
Brighton, Pennsylvania, of which his wife
is also a member, and was elected a ruling
elder September 20, 1905. He resumed
work in the revenue office, and when
Charles M. Merrick was appointed by
President Grant as Collector of Internal
Revenue in May, 1869, he was appointed
chief deputy collector, and remained as
such until January i, 1877, when the of-
fice was abolished. He was secretary of
Building and Loan Associations for
nearly ten years; the first secretary of
the first gas company in his county;
member of council and school board, and
active in all work for the welfare of the
community. He was an active Repub-
lican, and was frequently suggested as
a candidate for Congress and the State
Senate, but declined to be a candidate for
any office, except for a second term in
council. He was elected a member of
the Republican County Committee in
1869, and served several years, being sec-
retary of the committee most of the time.
Always an earnest advocate of fair play
and decency and honor in politics, his
service at times was very stormy. In
1878 fraud was charged in the primary
elections of the party, resulting in a great

533

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

upheaval and defeat of part of the ticket.
Following this he was appointed chair-
man of a committee on new rules of the
party, and in reporting them recom-
mended that a committee be appointed to
take the necessary steps to secure a law
to govern primary elections. He was
appointed to do this work, and prepared
a special bill for that purpose, to govern
the Republican primaries of Beaver
county, Pennsylvania. He advertised it
and paid personally all the expenses con-
nected with it. The bill was presented to
the legislature in January, 1879, and after
much hard work it passed both bodies of
the legislature, and was signed by the
Governor, May 22, 1879, the first law in
the United States to govern primary elec-
tions. It was enacted into a general law
in the session of 1881.

His first efforts in journalism were re-
porting political meetings in 1872 for
Pittsburgh papers, later in a Pittsburgh
paper a series of twenty-five articles on
the history of the Beaver Valley, and
a history of the Harmony Society. In
May, 1874, he and Major David Critch-
low started the "Beaver Valley News,"
the first issue appearing May 22, Mr.
Reader being the editor. He purchased
Major Critchlow's interest January i,
1877, and February 5, 1883, started a daily
issue. The paper always advocated what-
ever would help his town and community,
and was foremost in all movements of
that kind. It has always been for purity
in politics, and opposed the improper use
of money in primaries and elections. It
favors the cause of temperance, and re-
fused always the use of its columns to
liquor and similar advertisements, taking
a stand for purity in the reading columns.
It advocates a square deal for all, and
never wilfully did anyone a wrong. In
addition to his newspaper work, he wrote
the "Life of Moody and Sankey" in 1876;
"History of the Fifth West Virginia
Cavalry," his own regiment, in 1890;

"History of New Brighton, Pennsylva-
nia," in 1899; "Some Pioneers of Wash-
ington County, Pennsylvania," a family
history, in 1902 ; "History of the News-
papers of Beaver County, Pennsylvania,"
in 1905, and in 1910 the "History of the
Schools of New Brighton, Pennsylvania."
In addition to these, he wrote many ar-
ticles on the Civil War and local history.
He is a member of the National Geo-
graphic Society, the Grand Army of the
Republic and the Pennsylvania Society
Sons of the American Revolution.

TAYLOR, Charles L.,

Iieader in Steel Indnstry, Inventor, Pbllan-
throplst.

The imperial era of steel constitutes the
great epic of Pittsburgh, and among the
names of the builders and maintainers of
this mighty industry that of Charles L.
Taylor holds a place conspicuously hon-
orable. Assistant to two successive presi-
dents of the Carnegie Steel Company,
Limited, and officially identified with
other great steel organizations, Mr. Tay-
lor was for a quarter of a century a dom-
inant figure in industrial and financial
circles. Having withdrawn from the
arena of business, he is now, as president
of the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission
and vice-chairman of the United States
Steel and Carnegie Pension Fund, con-
spicuously and influentially associated
with a number of the leading interests of
the Iron City.

Charles L. Taylor was born April 3,
1857, in Philadelphia, and is a son of
John D. and Sally (Rutter) Taylor, the
former a prominent sugar refiner, and
subsequently from 1874 to the time of his
death, September 25, 1886, treasurer of
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.
John D. Taylor's lineage was Scotch and
his widow was a descendant of Dutch an-
cestors.

The education of Charles L. Taylor was

534

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

received during his childhood and youth
in public and private schools of his native
city, and he subsequently studied mining
engineering in Lehigh University, grad-
uating in June, 1876, as valedictorian of
his class, and receiving the degree of En-
gineer of Mines (E.M.). His first em-
ployment was with the Cambria Steel
Company at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, as
a chemist, and later he became assistant
to the superintendent of blast furnaces.
In 1880 he was chosen to fill the position
of chemist to the Pittsburgh Bessemer
Steel Company, predecessor of the Home-
stead Steel Works, and removed to Pitts-
burgh, where he has since resided. In
1882 he was made superintendent of the
Homestead Works, and after the consoli-
dation of the Bessemer Company with the
Carnegie Steel Company, Mr. Taylor re-
tained his position, and remained until
1887, being succeeded by Charles M.
Schwab. In the latter year he became
general manager of the Hartman Steel
Company, a Carnegie interest, and re-
tained the position during the ensuing
two years.

In 1890 Mr. Taylor was elected assist-
ant secretary of Carnegie, Phipps & Com-
pany, Limited, and in 1893 became assist-
ant to John G. A. Leishman, president of
the Carnegie Steel Company, Limited.
He was intrusted with the general super-
vision of the operations of all the works,
and was continued in office under Presi-
dent Charles M. Schwab. His business
interests were thus of a most important
nature, demanding the services of one
whose ability was of a superior order and
whose well balanced forces were manifest
in sound judgment and a ready and rapid
understanding of any problem that might
be presented for solution. While under
his systematic management there was no
needless expenditure of time, material or
labor, and never did he make the mistake
of regarding his employees merely as
parts of a great machine, but recognized

their individuality, making it a rule that
faithful and efficient service should be
promptly rewarded with promotion as op-
portunity afforded. He was one of the
stockholders and junior partners of the
Carnegie Company.

In all concerns relative to the city's
welfare Mr. Taylor's interest is deep and
sincere, and wherever substantial aid will
further public progress it is freely given.
No good work done in the name of char-
ity or religion seeks his co-operation in
vain, and he brings to bear in his work
of this character the same discrimination
and thoroughness which are manifested
in his business life. He is a director of
the Kingsley House Association, in the
aims and management of which he is
deeply interested. This is one of the most
beneficent settlement organizations in
Pittsburgh, and for it he has erected and
endowed a fresh air summer home known
as the Lillian Home, at Valencia, Penn-
sylvania, deeding to the association the
property of ninety acres and all buildings
thereon. This home has given a helpful
vacation of two weeks each to more than
two thousand poor mothers and children
from the congested quarters of the city
during the hot months of each year, and
in addition to its founding and endow-
ment Mr. Taylor has erected there during
the past year a modern fire-proof build-
ing known as "Convalescent Rest," with
a capacity of from sixty to seventy pa-
tients. For the construction and furnish-
ing of this building Mr. Taylor has con-
tributed the sum of $100,000, and its most
benevolent object is to give to the needy
and unfortunate women and children of
Greater Pitsburgh rest, fresh air, pure
food, and a healthful environment during
the period of convalescence.

In 1901, owing to impaired health, Mr.
Taylor retired from active participation
in the manufacturing affairs of the Car-
negie Company, leaving a record which
includes the last quarter of the nineteenth

535

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

century during which was perfected a
steel product to meet the immense de-
mands of the present day. His familiar-
ity with the chemistry and metallurgy of
steel and his grasp of all the mechanical
details of manufacture enabled him to be
among the first to successfully turn out
a steel suitable for structural, plate, pipe
and sheet purposes. In his enterprise also
originated the work of adapting steel to
the requirements of steel car construction
— an innovation which has contributed to
the saving of thousands of human lives
and millions of dollars of property.

It was while Mr. Taylor was superin-
tendent of the Homestead Works of the
Carnegie Steel Company that, in advance
of all others, he conceived the idea of
steel cars. As from the beginnings of in-
vention, like all other men of advanced
ideas, who saw farther into the future
than their fellows, Mr. Taylor was scoffed
at, ridiculed and discouraged. However,
he persisted in his work, with the result
that construction was begun, the first be-
ing for the transportation of mine prod-
ucts (coke, coal, iron ore) and other
heavy freight only, and out of which was
developed the steel passenger car, of such
great humanitarian value that at the pres-
ent time, throughout the entire country,
the people are demanding legislation to
compel railroads to use only steel cars for
passenger service, to the avoidance of
great loss of life and limb inevitable in
the crushing and burning of wooden cars
in time of wreck. The value attaching to
Mr. Taylor's work in the inception of
these great improvements was fittingly
recognized by "The American Engineer
and Railroad Journal" in its issue of
May, 1903:

A complete record of steel car construction in
this country would be valuable and interesting.
Its value would be greatest in showing that some
of the earliest designers in this field worked out
ideas the importance of which is only now ad-
mitted or recognized. The credit belongs to Mr.

536

Charles L. Taylor. ... In 1894 the first step
in the large scale of development of the steel
car was taken. It was not taken by a railroad,
but by a steel company, and since that time the
use of steel in this construction has increased
with marvelous rapidity. ... It is difficult
to believe that well known high officials of our
railroads only eight years ago ridiculed and dis-
couraged the introduction of steel in this direc-
tion, but this is true. Only six years ago, rail-
road men considered the steel car movement
merely a selfish effort of the steel company to
find another market for their product of steel
plates. . . . The exhibits of these cars by
the Carnegie Company at the Saratoga Conven-
tion in 1896 elicited the interest not only of car
builders but of operating officers throughout the
country, the claims for the car being : Lightness,
durability and strength ; greater proportion of
live to dead weight; longer life; reduced cost of
maintenance; less liability to damage and greater
salvage value. Experience has verified these
claims, and the present state of the steel car in-
dustry is proof of the sagacity of the pioneers.

To Mr. Taylor belongs the exception-
ally honorable distinction of having been
made the custodian and manager of two
great funds amounting to $9,000,000, the
interest of which is wholly set apart for
benevolent purposes. One of these funds
consisted of the $4,000,000 given by An-
drew Carnegie to pension and relieve in-
jured workmen of the Carnegie Mills, the
remaining $5,000,000 being devoted to re-
warding heroes and heroines of the
United States and Canada. Mr. Taylor
is president of the Carnegie Hero Fund
Commission, and has also served as chair-
man of the Carnegie Relief Fund from
its inception in 1901 until 191 1, when it
was merged into and became the nucleus
of the United States Steel and Carnegie
Pension Fund, a fund of $12,000,000, of
which he is now vice-chairman. In his
appointment to these positions there was
a peculiar fitness, he having while at the
Homestead Works been the victim of an
accident which threatened his life. His
task in connection with these two great
funds is more difficult than would be
readily imagined, and his selection for

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

this noble and responsible work was
based entirely upon the splendid service
which he rendered to the Carnegie Com-
pany for many years, during which time
he was under the direct notice of the
great steel master.

In addition to performing the strenu-
ous duties devolving upon him in these
most important and responsible positions,
Mr. Taylor serves as vice-president and
trustee of the Western Pennsylvania In-
stitute for the Blind, secretary of the Car-
negie Veteran Association, and a trustee
of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh,
the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, the
Carnegie Institute of Technology, the
Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, the Carnegie Corporation of New
York, the estate of Judge Asa Packer, and
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsyl-
vania, being also chairman of the finance
committee of this institution. Over and
above all these, he is interested in many
other corporations and benevolent insti-
tutions. He belongs to the Duquesne,
University and Athletic clubs of Pitts-
burgh, the Union League of Philadelphia
and the Santa Barbara Country Club of
California, and is a member of the Shady
Side Presbyterian Church, serving as sec-
retary of its board of trustees. In Feb-
ruary, 1913, Mr. Taylor presented to Le-
high University, his alma mater, a mod-
ern gymnasium costing $100,000. It oc-
cupies a site on the present athletic field,
and the grand stand to be erected in con-
nection with the stadium will seat eleven
thousand persons.

The personality of Mr. Taylor is that
of a man of deep convictions, extraordi-
nary force and an unusual degree of mag-
netism. Those who are familiar with his
fine personal appearance cannot fail to
observe how well it illustrates his char-
acter. His strong face, framed in silvery
hair and accentuated by a snow-white
moustache, is lighted by a pair of keen,
searching eyes and on every feature en-

ergy, determination and fidelity are
deeply written. At the same time his
countenance is indicative of the genial
nature and kindly disposition which have
surrounded him with friends and his
whole bearing shows him to be what he
is — a keen, aggressive man and a polished
gentleman.

Mr. Taylor married, October 31, 1883,
Lillian, daughter of the late Robert and
Elizabeth (Riggs) Pitcairn, of Pitts-
burgh, and they are the parents of one
daughter: Lillian, wife of Russell L. Mc-
intosh, of Westfield, New Jersey. Mr.
and Mrs. Taylor have a residence in the
East End of Pittsburgh and a charming
summer home at Santa Barbara, Cali-
fornia.

The story of Charles L. Taylor's con-
nection with the steel industry is a story
of honor. It is the record of the career
of a high-minded man of affairs who has
been "faithful in all things."

MONTGOMERY, Thomas Lynch,
Iiibrarian, State Iiibrary.

Thomas Lynch Montgomery, librarian
of the Pennsylvania State Library, Har-
risburg, was born in Germantown, Penn-
sylvania, March 4, 1862, son of Oswald
Crathorne and Catherine Gertrude
(Lynch) Montgomery.

The direct line of the Montgomerys
proceeds from Roger de Montgomerie,
who was Count of Montgomerie before
the coming of Rollo in 912, among the
most remarkable descendants of whom
were Hugh de Montgomerie, and Roger
de Montgomerie, subsequently Earl of
Shrewsbury, Arundel and Chichester,
England, accompanying William the
Conqueror. Hugh de Montgomerie was
killed in a battle with the Norwegians,
and Sir John de Montgomerie, of Eagle-
sham and Eastwood and afterwards of
Eglinton and Ardrossan, greatly distin-

537

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

guished himself in the battle of Otter-
burne.

The Montgomerys were Earls of Eg-
linton until Hugh, the fifth Earl, being
childless, made a resignation of his earl-
dom to the prejudice of his cousin, Sir
Neil Montgomerie, of Lainshaw, who was
the heir male. The Earl died in 1612,
when his cousin. Sir Alexander Seton,
agreeably to this new grant, assumed the
name and arms of Montgomerie and the
title of the Earl of Eglinton.

William Montgomery was the first of
the regular line of Montgomerys to come
to America, and settled in Monmouth
county. New Jersey. Robert Montgom-
ery was the head of the thirty-first gen-
eration of Montgomerys, and it was
from his brother John that Thomas L.
Montgomery descended.

Thomas Lynch Montgomery graduated
from the University of Pennsylvania in
1884, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
His entire life career has been devoted to
library work and the preservation of his-
torical and antiquarian memorabilia and
records. In 1886 he became actuary and
librarian of the Wagner Free Institute of
Science. He was founder of the Penn-
sylvania Library Club in 1890, and in
1892 established the first branch of the
Philadelphia Free Library, and since 1894
has been one of its trustees and chairman
of the library committee. In February,
1903, he was appointed to his present po-
sition of State Librarian. He is secre-
tary of Pennsylvania Free Library Com-
mission ; commissioner for the Preserva-
tion of Historical Archives of Pennsyl-
vania ; editor of "Pennsylvania Archives,"
series 5 and 6; a charter member of the
Keystone Library Association ; member
of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences, American Historical Associa-
tion, and Philobiblion Club ; life member
of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania ;
A. L. A. and Spring Garden Institute;
honorary member of the Dauphin County

Historical Society; Wyoming Historical
and Geological Society; member of coun-
cil of Swedish Colonial Society; and of
the Harrisburg Club, Harrisburg; and
University Club, Philadelphia. He is a
Republican in politics. His home is in
Philadelphia, 904 Clinton street; and his
offices are in the State Library, Harris-
burg.

Mr. Montgomery married, October 16,
1889, Brinca Gilpin, of Philadelphia.

SIMON, Herman,

Iieading Silk Mannf actnrer, Humamitarian.

Herman Simon, late of Easton, Penn-
sylvania, was known throughout the mer-
cantile world as the founder and proprie-
tor of one of the largest silk manufacto-
ries in existence, and one of the leading
industries of the state.

Mr. Simon was born April 29, 1850, at
Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany. His
father, Robert Simon, spent his early
years in Holland, and, being a tobacco
expert, took up his residence in the city
in which his son was born, in 1849, one
of the largest comercial centers of the
German Empire. He was a man of ster-
ling character and large business ability
and amassed ample means. He married
Marie Broell, a native of Frankfort-on-
the-Main, and they became the parents
of two sons, Herman and Robert, both of
whom were born on the family estate.
Mr. Simon died in 1888, and his wife died
October 29, 1909, aged eighty-five years.

Herman, elder of the two sons of Rob-
ert and Marie (Broell) Simon, received
his education in Hassel's Institute, Frank-
fort, and was a graduate of the Royal
Weaving School at Mulheim-on-the-
Rhine, and acquired a thorough knowl-
edge of silk manufacturing and every-
thing pertaining to it in Italy, France,
Switzerland, and Germany. He inherited
the business tastes and abilities of his
father, from whom he also received some-

538

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

what of the inspiration which led him
into fortune's highway. The elder Simon
was too well established to think of re-
moval to a strange land, but he was a
close observer of events, and he was so
much in sympathy with American ideas
and had such strong faith in the stability
of the United States government, that in
the early days of the Civil War, when
that government was seeking means for
the maintenance of its army and navy,
he invested a considerable portion of his
means in its bonds.

In 1868, at the age of eighteen, Her-
man Simon came to the United States,
landing in Baltimore, Maryland, whence
he came to New York City. There he
entered the silk department of the whole-
sale store of A. T. Stewart & Company,
then the leading merchant of the metrop-
olis, in order to familiarize himself with
the wants of the public with reference to
silken fabrics. His salary at first was
$350 per annum, but he soon proved him-
self to be worthy of a more responsible
post. He worked for a while at Pater-
son, New Jersey, and later became super-
intendent of Benkhardt & Hutton's mill
at West Hoboken, New Jersey. His
brother Robert came two years after-
wards, and the two rented a couple of
rooms and began the manufacture of silk
upon a small scale. This was a period
of unremitting industry, activity and en-
terprise. The brothers labored constantly
with their own hands, not only every day
but nearly every night, and often until
nearly daybreak. Their efforts found
abundant reward. Having learned the
public taste, and turning out no goods
but of exceptional quality, their trade de-
veloped rapidly, and they were enabled
to extend their operations into a broader
field, and in 1874, with some aid afforded
them by their father, they established the
large silk mills at Union Hill, New Jer-
sey, under the name of R. & H. Simon,
erecting a three-story factory, in which

seventy power looms were installed. The
latter were the invention of Robert Si-
mon, who, with his brother's aid, built
and placed them in commission, and were
the first in the world to produce a per-
fect piece of grosgrain silk. Three thou-
sand spindles were also installed, as the
brothers decided to do their own throw-
ing from the start. At that period hand
looms were still in use, and they handled
the product of one hundred and sixty-
five of these, which were operated in
weavers' homes. They furnished employ-
ment to more than one thousand opera-
tives.

In 1883 Herman Simon came to Easton,
where he founded the large silk mills
with which his name was indissolubly
connected, and which developed into one
of the most important manufacturing
institutions of the city, and one of
the largest of its class in the world.
Every improvement in machinery and
method was brought into use as soon as
its utility was demonstrated, and three
thousand operatives were kept employed.
The product of the mill was of the finer
grades of silk and of the first quality, and
was favorably known in every market
reached by American commerce. A dis-
tributing office was maintained at No. 254
Fourth Avenue, New York City, and the
goods marketed included all kinds of
silks, velvets, ribbons and tile fabrics,
plushes, etc.

Robert Simon, the younger of the
brothers, died in July, 1901, deeply re-
gretted by all who were brought into in-
tercourse with him. The brothers were
associated in business for twenty-seven
years, and the death of the younger part-
ner was a severe blow to the one who was
left behind. After that time the entire
conduct of the business devolved upon
Herman Simon, who became the owner
of the two great plants, but he continued
to do business under the name of R. & H.
Simon, as a tribute to his brother's mem-

539

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ory. He was known as a technical expert
in silk. He maintained a laboratory in
his private office at Union Hill, where he
did most of his own testing, besides per-
forming many useful and interesting ex-
periments. In 1882 he joined with sev-
eral others in incorporating the New
York Silk Conditioning Works. He was
also instrumental in starting several silk
throwing plants, and he served for many
years on the board of managers of the
Silk Association of America. In all its
large and diversified afifairs he followed
the same thorough course in which he
set out, keeping in close touch with his
agents and employees, and an intimate ac-
quaintance with trade conditions through-
out the world. His relations with those
who were in his employ were peculiarly
cordial, and he enjoyed their confidence
and esteem in the highest degree, while
the business community looked upon him
as one of their most thoroughly repre-
sentative members, and one of the most
useful residents of the city in all that
pertained to its commercial and social life.
Mr. Simon was a member of various
leading social organizations, the Pomfret
Club of Easton, the Art Club and the
German Club, both of New York City,
and the German Club of Hoboken, New
Jersey. In religion, he was reared in the
German Reformed church, but was an at-
tendant of the Protestant Episcopal
church. Of kindly and sympathetic dis-
position, his benefactions to benevolent
institutions and to deserving individuals
were many and generous, but he was so
devoid of ostentation that his good deeds
were unspoken of save by the recipients
of his bounty. He was a man of wide in-
formation, traveled much, in Europe as
well as the United States, and his beauti-
ful residence in Easton he adorned with
costly furniture and art treasures, which
he at various times brought with him
from abroad. He was widely known as
an art connoisseur, and owned a collec-

tion of paintings and other art objects,
in the selection of which excellent taste
was displayed.

He owned sixty acres of land at Easton
which, with the exception of the nine
acres used for manufacturing purposes, is
devoted to farming. He was fond of out-
door life, and was keenly interested in
the horses, cattle and other live stock that
he bred on his estate. During his thirty-
nine years of business life he made it his
personal care to give every possible com-
fort to his employees. Their welfare he
considered one of the important parts of
his daily supervision of his large business.
The legal bounds were too narrow to
suit him, and he went to considerable ex-
pense in placing improvements in his fac-
tories that tended to lighten the labor of
those he employed.

Mr. Simon died September 26, 1913, at
Easton, in his office in his mill. Possibly
if it had been left to him to select the
spot where he was to draw his last
breath, he would have chosen this one —
the office he loved, where he directed his
affairs, where the swirl of the looms came
faintly to his ears, where he was provid-
ing employment and livelihood for thou-
sands here and elsewhere. It was an end
he would have planned — his family, his
near friends about him in the room where
he had thought out so many of the bril-
liant business successes which had char-
acterized his management of the mills.

Mr. Simon is survived by his wife, and
daughter, Mrs. William O. Bixler, and
two grandchildren; also by his sister,
Mrs. Emilie Ebert, wife of George Ebert,
of Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany.

WHITEHEAD, Rt. Rev. Cortlandt,

Prominent Divine, Author.

The record of the Protestant Episcopal
Church in the United States is a story of
honor. Deriving its origin from the
Church of England, which was planted

S40

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/

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

on these shores at an early period in our
colonial history, its work, during that
formative era, was fruitful in the spirit-
ual upbuilding of the diflferent provinces,
and its part during the struggle for inde-
pendence was a glorious one, the patriot
party, including its most distinguished
leaders, being largely recruited from its
membership. The Protestant Episcopal
Church of the present day is showing
herself worthy of her noble past, repre-
sented as she is by such men as the
Right Rev. Cortlandt Whitehead, Bishop
of Pittsburgh, a man who, by voice and
pen and most of all by daily example,
has aided in the maintenance of her hon-
orable traditions.

Cortlandt Whitehead was born Octo-
ber 30, 1842, in the city of New York,
son of William Adee and Margaret E.
(Parker) Whitehead. The boy received
his early education from private tutors
and was prepared for college at Phillips
Academy, Andover, graduating from that
institution in 1859. He then entered Yale
University, being of the class of 1863,
and receiving the degree of Bachelor of
Arts, that of Master of Arts being con-
ferred upon him by his alma mater in
1866. Mr. Whitehead then entered
Philadelphia Divinity School, completing
his theological studies in 1867. The same
year he was ordained deacon by Bishop
Odenheimer, and in 1868 received priest's
orders from the hands of Bishop Randall.

From 1867 to 1870 the young clergy-
man labored as a missionary in Colorado,
and in the latter year became rector of
the Church of the Nativity at South
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. After eleven
years of strenuous and fruitful activity in
that field he was elected Bishop of Pitts-
burgh, being consecrated, in 1882, by
Bishops Stevens, Bedell, M. A. DeW.
Howe, Scarborough, Peterkin and Hell-
muth, the last-named of Huron, Canada.
During the third of a century which has
elapsed since Bishop Whitehead's induc-

tion into his high office the diocese has
enjoyed a period of steady growth and
prosperity both in spiritual matters and
in temporal affairs.

The contributions of Bishop White-
head to the literature of the church in-
clude a Catechism on the Church Year
and various sermons, addresses and mis-
sionary reports and papers, also "Coxe's
Thoughts on the Services Revised." In
1880 the degree of Doctor of Divinity
was conferred upon him by Union Col-
lege, in 1887 by Hobart College, in 1890
he received from St. Stephens' College
the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology,
and from the University of Pittsburgh in
1912 the degree of Doctor of Laws.

Bishop Whitehead has been honored
by his church in his appointment on com-
missions composed of bishops, clergy-
men and laymen, to take under considera-
tion various matters of importance. He
has served on the commission for the Re-
vision of the Scriptures ; on the commis-
sion for the Revision of the Prayer Book ;
on the commission for the Revision of the
Hymnal ; he is also a member of the
committee on the Care of the American
Churches in Europe. And he is presi-
dent of a large commission engaged in
raising five million dollars as a pension
fund for aged, infirm and disabled clergy-
men, their widows and minor children.
As a testimonial to his diligence, his dio-
cese, which originally was composed of
all the counties of Pennsylvania west of
the Allegheny Mountains, was in 1910
divided, and both parts are showing in-
creased vitality. Bishop Whitehead re-
tains the lower half, called the "Diocese
of Pittsburgh." The upper half, called
the "Diocese of Erie," is presided over by
the Rt. Rev. Rogers Israel. In the Dio-
cese of Pittsburgh above one thousand
candidates are confirmed each year.
There are over fifteen thousand commu-
nicants, which would indicate a member-
ship of over forty-five thousand people.

541

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

As a preacher Bishop Whitehead is
polished, forceful and persuasive; as a
pastor, he is active, earnest and beloved.
His noble head and strong, resolute coun-
tenance, framed in snow-white hair and
beard, are those of a man of deeply im-
bedded convictions as to right and duty,
as true to such convictions as is the mag-
netic needle to the star of the north,
while his dark, penetrating eyes have a
glint of kindly humor which wins all who
approach him. "All sorts and conditions
of men" feel his influence as a man of
broad views, large faith and a great heart.

Bishop Whitehead married, July 29,
1868, Charlotte B., daughter of John C.
and Mary (Luke)) King, of Roxbury,
Massachusetts, finding in this union a
lovable and noble-minded woman and a
true and sympathizing helpmate. Bishop
and Mrs. Whitehead, fond as they are of
visiting the historic scenes of the Old
World and the places of beauty and in-
terest in our own land, are strongly do-
mestic in their tastes, and their charm-
ingly appointed home in the East End,
rich in all that proclaims it the abode of
culture and refinement, is the spot dear-
est to them on earth.

Bishop Whitehead's work, wise, ener-
getic and enlightened, together with the
influence exerted by his strong, benefi-
cent personality, has been blessed to his
diocese, and it is the wish of all his fel-
low-citizens, irrespective of race or creed,
that he may celebrate among them his
Golden Jubilee.

MASON, Henry Lee,

Business Man, Public-spirited Citizen.

The supremacy of Pittsburgh among
the cities of the world is based upon her
superior brain-power, and among the men
who during the last half-century helped
to inspire the practical thinkers of the
Iron City was the late Henry Lee Mason,
for forty years sole proprietor of the fin-

est book-store to be found within the lim-
its of Pittsburgh. Mr. Mason, through-
out the course of a long and useful life,
was inseparably associated with every
vital and worthy interest of the city
which was his birthplace and always re-
mained his home.

Henry Lee Mason was born March i,
1838, in Pittsburgh, son of Washington
and Sarah Ann (Weldin) Mason, the
former a steamboat-builder and one of
the prominent business men of his day.
The boy was educated in public and pri-
vate schools, and when the time came for
him to enter upon the active duties of
life began his business career in the book-
store established by his uncle, J. R. Wel-
din, on Wood street, March 2, 1852. Here
Mr. Mason served his apprenticeship,
thoroughly learning every detail of the
business and rising step by step, by dint
of executive ability joined to an indom-
itable will and an integrity unmarred by
the slightest blemish. He became, event-
ually, half owner of the business, and
upon the death of Mr. Weldin, in 1872,
purchased the remainder, thus succeed-
ing to the position of sole proprietor.
Mr. Mason's motive in the conduct of this
business was not, primarily at least, pe-
cuniary profit. The concern was a family
inheritance and it was his just pride, in
enlarging its scope, to maintain it in ac-
cordance with the high standards of ex-
cellence and honorable dealing with
which from its inception it had been in-
separably associated.

In the business career of Mr. Mason,
capable management, unfaltering enter-
prise and a spirit of justice were well
balanced factors, while the establish-
ment, in all its departments, was care-
fully systematized in order to avoid need-
less expenditure of time, material and
labor. Never did he make the mistake of
regarding his employees merely as parts
of a great machine, but recognized their
individuality, making it a rule that faith-

542

-^C-^

y^^Zj^<!n

^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ful and efficient service should be
promptly rewarded with promotion as op-
portunity offered. On the other hand,
he demanded from his subordinates the
same intense and unremitting devotion to
duty which was one of his dominant char-
acteristics, and seldom did they fail to
meet his expectations, giving him, with-
out stint, their most loyal service. He
was always aggressive in his methods,
quick to see an emergency and equally
quick in devising a plan to meet it.

In all concerns relative to the city's
welfare Mr. Mason's interest was deep
and sincere, and wherever substantial aid
would further public progress it was
freely given. In politics he was a Repub-
lican, and for many years served on va-
rious public school boards. While never
consenting to hold any other office, he
gave loyal support to measures calculated
to benefit the city and promote its rapid
and substantial development, and as a
vigilant and attentive observer of men
and measures, holding sound opinions and
taking liberal views, his ideas carried
weight among those with whom he dis-
cussed public problems. No good work
done in the name of charity or religion
sought his co-operation in vain, and in
his work of this character he brought to
bear the same discrimination and thor-
oughness that were manifest in his busi-
ness life. He was a trustee of St. Mar-
garet's Memorial Hospital, the Western
Pennsylvania Humane Society and the
Pittsburgh Free Dispensary. For forty-
nine years he served as vestryman of
Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church, and
at the time of his death was junior war-
den.

The personality of Mr. Alason was that
of the American citizen whose interests
are broad and whose labors are a mani-
festation of a recognition of the responsi-
bilities of wealth as well as of ability in
the successful control of commercial af-
fairs. Desiring success and rejoicing in

the benefits and opportunities which
wealth brings, he was too broad-minded
a man to rate it above its true value, and
in all his enterprises found that enjoy-
ment which comes in mastering a situa-
tion, the joy of doing what he undertook.
Whatever this might be, to it he gave his
whole soul, allowing none of the many in-
terests intrusted to his care to suffer for
want of close and able attention and in-
dustry. His countenance was expressive
of his sterling qualities of manhood and
also indicated a genial nature which rec-
ognized and appreciated the good in
others and surrounded him with a large
circle of warmly attached and loyal
friends.

Mr. Mason married, October 9, 1862,
Myra Jane, daughter of John Y. and An-
nie Myra (Hardwick) McLaughlin, and
they became the parents of four children :
Weldin Swope, died December 24, 1890;
Henry Lee; Myra Edith, died in infancy;
Helen Bowman, who became the wife of
George Reed. Mrs. Mason, a woman of
rare wifely qualities, was in all respects
an ideal helpmeet to her noble husband,
sympathizing with his aspirations, shar-
ing his tastes and making his home a
refuge from the storm and stress of busi-
ness. Mr. Mason was a man to whom
the ties of family and friendship were
sacred and his residence in the East End
was a center of hospitality, presided over
by one of the city's most tactful and gra-
cious hostesses. Mrs. Mason has con-
tinued during her widowhood the benevo-
lent and religious work in which she and
her husband were so long united.

At the time of his death, which oc-
curred March 14, 1912, Mr. Mason had
been for sixty years numbered among the
business men of his native city and in
losing him Pittsburgh was deprived of
one whose career had in it the essential
principles of a true life. Beloved by his
employees, honored and respected by his
business associates, his every transaction

543

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

was conducted in accordance with
the highest principles, he fulfilled to the
letter every trust committed to him and
was generous in his feelings and conduct
toward all. There are men who, what-
ever be their station and calling, ennoble
life. Henry Lee Mason was one of these.
An able business man, a public-spirited
citizen, a leader in church enterprises and
highly placed socially, his full and well-
rounded life was a living epistle, "known
and read of all men."

PHILIPS, George Morris.

Prominent Educator.

George Morris Philips, A.M., Ph.D.,
principal of the West Chester State Nor-
mal School, widely known as an educa-
tor of the highest capability, is of Welsh
descent. His earliest ancestor bf the
same name in America was Joseph Phil-
ips, born in Pembrokeshire, Wales, in
1716, a weaver and a farmer, who emi-
grated in 1755 and settled near Lion-
ville, Chester county, Pennsylvania. He
was a Baptist, and was instrumental in
founding Vincent Baptist church, near
Chester Springs, in the vicinity of his
new home. He brought with him to
America his wife Mary, who was born in
Wales in 1710, and whom he married
about 1 741. Husband and wife both died
in 1792, the former May 18, and the lat-
ter December 26, and their remains lie
in the Vincent churchyard. Their sec-
ond son:

John Philips was born in Pembroke-
shire, Wales, about 1745, and died at
Black Bear Tavern, near Paoli, Pennsyl-
vania, May 22, 1790, and was buried near
his parents. He and two of his brothers
served in the American army during the
Revolutionary War. He was first lieu-
tenant in the Chester County Battalion,
was captured, and was one of those who
endured dreadful suffering on the British
prison ship "Jersey," in the New York

harbor. He served through the war and
rose to the rank of captain. He mar-
ried Margaret Davis. Their eldest son:

George Philips was born at Black Bear
Tavern, January 29, 1774, but in early
manhood moved to West Fallowfield
township, Chester county, where the rest
of his life was spent. He was owner of
a tavern at Spring Grove, half a mile
south of the present Atglen, on the Gap
and Newport turnpike, and a farmer, and
was a man of wealth for his time. He
was a deacon in the Glen Run Baptist
church. He married Elizabeth Morris,
who was born July 30, 1782, and died
November 25, 1853. Her husband died
April 20, 1859, and they were buried side
by side at the old Glen Run Baptist
church.

John Morris Philips, son of George
and Elizabeth (Morris) Philips, was born
on the paternal farm in West Fallowfield
township, Chester county. May 8, 1812,
and died on his farm adjoining Atglen
on the east, July 21, 1879. He was a
farmer throughout his life, and accumu-
lated considerable property. His educa-
tion was modest, but he was a man of
intelligence and strong character; he was
influential in the community, and was
called to various local offices. He was a
trustee and deacon in the Baptist church.
He married Sarah Jones, who was born
July 28, 1819, in East Whiteland town-
ship, Chester county, and who died in
Christiana, Pennsylvania, July 19, 1902.
She was a woman of excellent mind, lib-
erally educated, and of the highest Chris-
tian character, a Baptist in religion, and
held in affection for her great kindness
in words and deeds. Her parents were
Judge Thomas and Eliza (Todd) Jones.
Her father was a farmer and merchant,
and was for two terms associate judge of
Chester county. He was a great-grand-
son of Thomas Jones, who emigrated
from Wales in 1729, and who preached
for many years in the Tulpehocken Bap-

544

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

tist church, in Berks county, Pennsyl-
vania. Another great-grandfather was
Griffith John (Jones), who came from
Wales in 1712, settled near the Great
Valley Baptist Church, in Chester coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, where he is buried.
The wife of Judge Jones was Eliza Todd,
born December 20, 1793, and died Jan-
uary 14, 1862 ; she was a great-grand-
daughter of Robert Todd (Scotch-Irish),
who emigrated from the north of Ireland
to Montgomery county, Pennsylvania,
about 1737, and was the ancestor of the
Todd family of which the wife of Presi-
dent Lincoln was a member.

George Morris Philips, son of John
Morris and Sarah (Jones) Philips, was
born in Atglen (then called Pennington-
ville), Chester county, Pennsylvania, in
1851. He began his education in the
neighborhood schools and prepared for
college at the Atglen High School, an
academy conducted by Professor William
E. Buck. He entered Lewisburg (now
Bucknell) University in 1867, and was
graduated in the classical course in 1871 ;
in 1884 he received the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy from the same institution.
Immediately after his graduation, Pro-
fessor Philips was called to the profes-
sorship of mathematics in Monongahela
College, at Jefferson, Pennsylvania, and
occupied that position until early in 1873,
when he was appointed professor of
higher mathematics in the West Chester
Normal School. In 1878 he resigned to
become professor of mathematics and
philosophy in Bucknell University, and
he served as such until 1881, when he
succeeded Professor Maris as principal
of the State Normal School at West
Chester, a position which he has adorned
from that time to the present.

The excellent instructional capabilities
of Dr. Philips and his fine managerial
ability are amply attested by the phe-
nomenal success of the institution while
under his control. During the thirty-

two years of his principalship, the num-
ber of students in the normal school has
been increased from 240 to 1103 in 1913,
and its graduates and students who have
passed out into honorable stations in life
are numbered by thousands, a very large
percentage of whom have entered upon
the work of teaching in various schools
of all grades and throughout the entire
country. These have left their alma
mater not only with ample educational
acquirements, but they have borne in
marked degree the impress of the per-
sonality of him who superintended their
instruction, and who ever made it his
effort to develop the individual power of
his pupils and not merely to afford them
the knowledge acquirable from text-
books and oral instruction. That his
heart and soul are of a verity devoted to
his school has found various and ample
attestation in his refusal to be drawn
from its service. In the year of his ap-
pointment to the principalship he de-
clined a call to the headship of a sister
institution, the Indiana (Pennsylvania)
State Normal School. In 1888 he de-
clined the presidency of Bucknell Uni-
versity, and in 1890 he also declined Gov-
ernor Beaver's proffer of the position of
State Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion, while he has also set aside various
other tempting calls to schools of assured
standing and prominence.

Dr. Philips has, however, at all times
and in all ways, as he could without neg-
lect of his school, given his zealous ef-
fort to advancing general educational in-
terests. In the capacity of institute in-
structor and platform lecturer, upon edu-
cational, literary and scientific topics. Dr.
Philips has been in frequent request not
only in Pennsylvania but in many other
states, and his utterances have always
commanded close attention and warm
approval. He is even more widely
known as an author, and his works on
Astronomy, Natural Philosophy, Civil

545

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Government, Arithmetic and the Geog-
raphy of Pennsylvania (the first two in
collaboration with President Isaac
Sharpless, of Haverford College), have
had a wide distribution. He was presi-
dent of the State Teachers' Association
of Pennsylvania in 1891, and vice-presi-
dent of the National Educational Asso-
ciation in 1894. He is a trustee of
Bucknell University, a member of the
Pennsylvania Baptist Educational Soci-
ety, president of the Chester County
Historical Society, and was a member of
the College and University Council of
Pennsylvania from 1895 to 191 1.

In 1907 he was appointed by Governor
Stuart a member of the State Commission
to revise and codify the school laws of
Pennsylvania. He served as a member
of it and as its secretary for four years,
until the new school became a law in
191 1. He was appointed under it a mem-
ber of the State Board of Education, and
is still a member of this Board and was
its first secretary. The degree of Doctor
of Philosophy has been conferred upon
him by Bucknell University, and the
degree of Doctor of Laws by Temple
University and by the University of
Pennsylvania.

Dr. Philips has ever borne a full share
in local enterprises. He is a member of
the board of managers of the Chester
County Hospital, first vice-president of
the Dime Savings Bank of Chester
County, a director of the National Bank
of Chester County. The only public
office he has ever accepted was that of
school director. He is a member of the
Baptist church, in which he has occupied
various official positions. His political
affiliations have always been with the
Republican party. He is a member of
the Order of the Sons of the Revolution,
deriving his title through the service of
his lineal ancestor. Captain John Philips.

Dr. Philips was married December 27,
1877, in Highland township, Chester

county, Pennsylvania, to Miss Elizabeth
Marshall Pyle, a daughter of William H.
and Anna (Taylor) Pyle. Both her par-
ents were Quakers. Her father was a
farmer and miller, a descendant of Robert
Pyle, who emigrated from England in
1683. Her mother was a descendant of
Robert Taylor, also of English birth, and
from whom the poet, Bayard Taylor, also
descended. Mrs. Philips was educated
at Darlington Seminary and at the Mil-
lersville State Normal School, and she
was teacher of instrumental music in the
West Chester State Normal School at
the time of her marriage. She is an ac-
complished woman and a zealous and
efficient worker in literary, temperance
and social circles in the church and com-
munity. Dr. and Mrs. Philips have two
children : William Pyle Philips, born at
West Chester, June 29, 1882, and Sara
Elizabeth Philips, born at West Chester,
February 16, 1887. William Pyle Phil-
ips is a graduate of the West Chester
State Normal School, of Haverford Col-
lege, of Harvard University and of the
Harvard Law School. He practised law
in New York City for several years and
was a member of the firm of Byrne &
Cutcheon, but is now a member of the
banking firm of J. and W. Seligman, of
New York. Miss Sara Elizabeth Philips
is a graduate of the West Chester State
Normal School and of Vassar College.

REID, Charltes H.,

Steel Manufacturer, Humanitarian.

The lesson taught by the progress and
achievement of Pittsburgh is so plain that
"he who runs may read," and that many
have profited by it is a proof of the in-
herent wisdom of human nature. Among
those who have had the clearness of vis-
ion to perceive that the sign-post marked
"Success" pointed ever to the "Workshop
of the World" was the late Charles H.
Reid, vice-president and treasurer of the

546

^S)AX)^.1)t.3\0v

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Zug Iron and Steel Company, and for
many years a prominent figure in the
manufacturing world. Mr. Reid was for
a third of a century a valued resident of
Pittsburgh and was closely identified with
many of her most essential interests.

Charles H. Reid was born September
8, 1850, in Crestline, Ohio, son of John
and Mary A. Reid. The boy received his
early education in the schools of his na-
tive place, later attending Oberlin Col-
lege, and early in life came to the Pitts-
burgh district, entering the service of the
Zug Iron and Steel Company. From the
very beginning he gave evidence of an
untiring power of application, a clear in-
telligence and the ability to meet and
solve quickly those problems on the suc-
cessful handling of which depends the
fate of so many business enterprises. Ad-
vancing step by step, he became thor-
oughly familiar with every department
and every detail and in the course of time
was made secretary and treasurer of the
company. A few years prior to his death
he succeeded to the office of vice-presi-
dent.

The Zug Iron and Steel Company had
its beginning in 1845, when the firm of
Grafif, Lindsay & Company, of which
Christopher Zug was a partner, purchased
the Lippincott Iron Works, changing the
name to the Sable Iron Works. About
1854 the firm became Zug, Lindsay &
Company and a year later they acquired
the Pittsburgh Iron Works. After more
than one reorganization the business was
incorporated, in 1905, as the Zug Iron
and Steel Company with an authorized
capitalization of one million dollars. In
producing iron for special work where
steel and common iron fail to satisfy, the
company has acquired an unrivaled repu-
tation which extends to all parts of the
United States and abroad. Much of its
success during the last twenty years was
due to the capable management, aggres-
sive methods and unfaltering enterprise

of }ilr. Reid. He caused the business to
be carefully systematized in order that
there might be no needless expenditure
of time, material or labor and never did
he make the serious mistake of regarding
his employees merely as parts of a great
machine. Requiring from them the strict
attention to duty which was one of his
own dominant characteristics, he yet rec-
ognized their individuality, making it a
rule that faithful and efficient service
should be promptly rewarded with pro-
motion as opportunity offered. He desired
success and rejoiced in the benefits and
opportunities which wealth brings, but
he was too broad-minded a man to rate it
above its true value and in all of his mam-
moth undertakings he found that enjoy-
ment which comes in mastering a situa-
tion— the joy of doing what he undertook.
At all times he stood as an able exponent
of the spirit of the age in his effort to
advance progress and improvement. Re-
alizing that he would not pass this way
again he made wise use of his opportuni-
ties and his wealth, conforming his life
to a high standard, so that his entire rec-
ord was in harmony with the history of
an ancestry honorable and distinguished.
Seldom, indeed, is it that a man as ac-
tive in business as was Mr. Reid takes
the keen and helpful interest in civic af-
fairs which he ever manifested, his name
being associated with various projects of
the utmost municipal concern. A Demo-
crat in politics, he was never numbered
among office-seekers, but as a vigilant and
attentive observer of men and measures,
holding sound opinions and taking liberal
views, his ideas carried weight among
those with whom he discussed public
problems. He possessed a rapidity of
judgment which enabled him, in the midst
of incessant business activity, to give to
the affairs of the community effort and
counsel of genuine value and his pene-
trating thought often added wisdom to
public movements. No good work done

547

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

in the name of charity or religion sought
his co-operation in vain and in his work
of this character he invariably brought to
bear the same discrimination and thor-
oughness that were manifest in his busi-
ness life. He was a member of numerous
social and fraternal organizations. His
leading characteristics were indomitable
perseverance, unusual capacity for judg-
ing the motives and merits of men and
integrity and loyalty to friends. He was
a man whose self-reliance never failed
him, and one who, while always willing
to listen to and respect the opinions and
theories of others, acted for himself and
according to his own judgment when the
time for action came. He possessed to
a large degree that mysterious and mag-
netic charm, which, intangible as the
spirit of life itself, yet manifests itself
with dynamic force in all human rela-
tions, to differentiate its possessors from
the commonplace.

The countenance of Mr. Reid was ex-
pressive of that inexhaustible energy and
extraordinary tenacity of purpose which,
in combination with stalwart integrity,
constituted the foundation of his success-
ful career. It also indicated a genial na-
ture which recognized and appreciated the
good in others and was ever ready with
a helping hand and a word of cheer for
all who needed to have their pathways
made smoother. Broad in his views,
buoyant in disposition, honest, sincere
and self-reliant, he irradiated the ever-
widening circle of his influence with the
brightness of spirit that expressed the
pure gold of character. Rich in those en-
dearing qualities that win and hold
friends he won a place that was all his
own in the hearts of all who knew him.

Mr. Reid married, October 23, 1879,
Minnie O., daughter of John J. and
Amanda Hay, and they were the parents
of two sons and two daughters: Lula;
Charles H., of Corona, Riverside county,
California, where he owns a large lemon

orchard; Harry W., and Eva A. Mrs.
Reid is one of those rare women who
combine with perfect womanliness and
domesticity an unerring judgment, traits
which were of value to her husband, with
whom she was not alone a charming com-
panion, but a confidante and adviser in
his weighty affairs of business. A woman
of grace, charm and tact, her position in
Pittsburgh society is that of a leader, her
daughter also being extremely popular so-
cially, active as well in church work and
in charitable enterprises. Mr. Reid, a
man of exceptionally strong domestic
tastes and affections, was devoted to the
ties of family and friendship, regarding
them as sacred obligations. He took gen-
uine delight in rendering service to those
near and dear to him and delighted to
entertain his friends. He was one who
made you feel at once that he took an in-
terest in you, would do anything he could
for your pleasure or your good. Keenly
interested in the welfare of his employees,
he organized a club among the old and
trusted men of his company, which did
much to promote harmony and efficiency
among them, and, although he has left
the scene of his earthly endeavors, this
organization remains as a monument to
the great success he accomplished for the
company.

The death of Mr. Reid, which occurred
March 8, 1913, removed from Pittsburgh
one who had worthily won and long held
a high place in the respect and affection
of his fellow-citizens. Devoted in his
family relations, sincere and true in his
friendships, honorable and generous in
business, he was one of the men who
constitute the bulwarks of every great
city.

Albeit not born within the limits of
the metropolis Charles H. Reid was in
spirit a true Pittsburgher, a doer and al-
ways too busy to tell the world what he
was doing, to talk about his achieve-
ments. Incapable of self-laudation, he let

548

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

his deeds speak for him. This they did
with an eloquence not to be misunder-
stood, and this they continue to do, for
his works follow him. Would that the
Iron City had more like him ! It could
be truly said of this great-hearted man :
"He added to the sum of human joy; and,
were everyone to whom he did a loving
kindness to bring a blossom to his grave,
he would sleep beneath a wilderness of
flowers."

HAYDEN, Horace Edwin,

Clergyman, Genealogist, Antiquarian.

Rev. Horace Edwin Hayden, M.A.,
was born in Catonsville, Baltimore coun-
ty, Maryland, February i8, 1837, mar-
ried, at Point Pleasant, West Virginia,
November 30, 1868, Kate Elizabeth
Byers, daughter of John A. Byers and his
wife Charlotte Mary Davis, of Hancock,
Maryland. Mr. Hayden lived in Howard
county, Maryland. He was educated at
St. Timothy's Military Academy, Balti-
more county, Maryland, and Kenyon
College, Ohio, from which college he re-
ceived his degree of M.A., and graduated
from the Virginia Theological Seminary,
1867.

In 1859 he left college and engaged in
teaching to finish his education, but
when the Civil War began and his school
was disturbed thereby, he entered the
Confederate States army, enlisting for
one year, June i, 1861, in the Howard
County Cavalry, at Leesburg, that com-
pany being composed of his own asso-
ciates, splendidly equipped and trained.
It was attached to the regiment of
Colonel Angus McDonald until July 20,
1861, when it became Company K of the
First Virginia Regiment, under Colonel
J. E. B. Stuart, Colonel Fitzhugh Lee,
and Colonel William E. Jones, until in
March, 1862, this regiment was reor-
ganized, when with one-half his com-
pany he aided in forming the First Mary-

land Battalion of Cavalry, and reenlisted
for two years from June i, 1862. He
served in the field with his command
until after the second battle of Manassas,
August, 1862, when, having had some
knowledge of medicine, he was placed in
charge of the wounded of his command
at Buckland, Virginia. In November he
was relieved from this charge by the re-
covery of his comrades, and returned to
his company for the valley campaign.
In the summer of 1863 Mr. Hayden was
appointed hospital steward in the field
and hospital, and ordered to Richmond,
where the rest of his service was per-
formed in active duty in the defences of
that city. He was honorably discharged
at the termination of his enlistment,
July 6, 1864, but remained a volunteer
in the Third Virginia Infantry until De-
cember 31, 1864, when, finally discharged,
he entered the Virginia Theological Sem-
inary to prepare for ordination to the
ministry of the Protestant Episcopal
Church, having been for five years a can-
didate for orders. After the abrupt end-
ing of the war he remained at the semi-
nary until his graduation. He was or-
dained deacon by his cousin, Rt. Rev.
John Johns, D.D., LL.D., June, 1867, and
priest by Rt. Rev. F. M. Whittle, D.D.,
August, 1868. He was rector of Christ
Church, Point Pleasant, diocese of Vir-
ginia, from 1867 to 1873, and rector of
St. John's Church, West Brownsville,
diocese of Pittsburgh, 1873 to 1879. He
became assistant minister to Rev. Henry
L. Jones, S.T.D., rector of St. Stephen's
Church, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania,
November i, 1879, which position he still
holds after more than thirty-four years of
service at Plymouth, Laurel Rim, Ashley
and St. Clement's Church, Wilkes-Barre.
He was one of the examining chaplains of
his diocese for twenty-nine years, 1883-
1912.

Mr. Hayden has been much interested
in American history and genealogy, hav-

549

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ing published quite a number of titles,
especially a work entitled "Virginia Gen-
ealogies," which has brought him much
reputation as a genealogist. He has
been for some years a life member of the
Wyoming Historical and Geological So-
ciety, filling at this time the offices of
corresponding secretary and librarian,
historiographer and curator, and has
since 1894 edited all its publications, in-
cluding volumes 4 to 13 of the Proceed-
ings of the Society ; he has also pub-
lished "The Weitzel Family History" ;
"The Pollock Memorial" ; and edited
"The Remembrances of David Hayfield
Conyngham, 1750-1834, of Revolutionary
Times" ; also "The Genealogical and
Family History of the Wyoming Valley,
1906," etc., etc. He is a member of many
historical, scientific, and other societies —
the Historical Societies of Pennsylvania,
Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Kansas,
Buffalo, etc., etc. ; the American and the
Southern Historical Associations ; South-
ern Historical Society, New England
Historical and Genealogical Society,
Maryland Academy of Science, Anthro-
pological Society of Washington, D. C. ;
the Numismatic Society of New York,
Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of
Philadelphia, etc., etc. He is also a
member of the Delaware State Society
of the Cincinnati, Pennsylvania Society
Sons of the Revolution, Military Order
of Foreign Wars, Naval Order of the
United States, the Society of Colonial
Wars, War of 1812, Society of the Army
and Navy, C. S. A., in Maryland; Frank-
lin Buchanan Camp United Confederate
Veterans ; member of the Free Library
Commission of Pennsylvania ; and many
other organizations. He is also an hon-
orary member, by right of long service,
of Brownsville Lodge, No. 60, Free and
Accepted Masons, having been made a
Mason in Lodge No. 10, Richmond, Vir-
ginia, in 1863.

Mr. John A. Byers, the father of Mrs.

Hayden, grandson of Dr. John Byers,
of Delaware, who came to America from
Scotland after the Revolutionary War,
was a prominent civil engineer on the
West Branch Canal, Pennsylvania, the
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, Maryland, and
superintendent of the Western Branch
of the James River & Kanawha Canal
Company, Virginia, which the United
States is now completing on the basis
of his surveys. He was a master in
every branch of his profession. To him
is due the fact that his family gave eight
civil engineers to Pennsylvania, includ-
ing his nephew, Charles Byers, until his
death chief engineer of the Philadelphia
& Reading railroad ; Joseph Byers, of the
Pennsylvania railroad, at the time of his
death chief engineer of the Coast De-
fenses, Empire of Brazil ; John M. Byers,
who assisted the work of laying out the
Central railroad of New Jersey from
Ashley, Pennsylvania, and died superin-
tendent of the Pittsburg, Virginia &
Charleston railroad ; Henry M. Byers,
long superintendent of the Pittsburg &
Erie railroad; Morton L. Byers, late en-
gineer of maintenance of way, Missouri
& Pacific railroad system, now of the
Delaware & Hudson railroad, and Max-
well L. Byers, late assistant manager of
Frisco System, Rock Island railroad.
Now Mrs. Hayden is a member of the
Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Dames
by right of her Colonial and Revolution-
ary ancestors, and of Black Horse Chap-
ter, LTnited Daughters of the Confeder-
acy, by right of her husband, and also of
her brother, James Byers, who fell in bat-
tle at Newton, Virginia, in September,
1863, gallantly serving as color sergeant
of the Eighth Virginia Regiment Cavalry,
C. S. A. Mrs. Hayden's great-grand-
father, John Weitzel, Esq., of Sunbury,
Pennsylvania, was county commissioner
at nineteen (1772-76-90-92), justice of the
peace at twenty-one (1774-77), justice of
the quarter session and court of common

550

^-^/■^ -A.'^y

^^^^zA^A^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

pleas at twenty-two (1775-90), a mem-
ber of the County Committee of Safety,
1776-77, and also of the State Committee
of Safety, 1776-77, and of the Provincial
Conference of Pennsylvania which framed
the constitution of 1776, when he was
twenty-three years of age, the youngest
of the ninety-six delegates ; issuing com-
missary for his county, 1780, and con-
tractor for furnishing the State troops,
1782-1790, having filled this office in 1776
also. He was a charter member of Sun-
bury Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons,
1779, filling all offices of the lodge.

Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Hayden had two
children: i. Mary Elizabeth, born at
Point Pleasant, West Virginia, October
15, 1875, died in Wilkes-Barre, Decem-
ber 26, 1879. 2. Horace Edwin, Jr., A.B.,
A.M., born at Wilkes-Barre, January 6,
1884; graduate of Harry Hillman Acad-
emy, Wilkes-Barre, 1900-1 ; graduated
A.B., Princeton University, 1905 ; A.M.,
University of Virginia, 1907; Fellow in
Geology, Vanderbilt LTniversity, 1907-08;
master of JefTerson School for Boys,
Charlottesville, Virginia, 1909-10; grad-
uate of School of Biology, University of
Virginia, 1910; instructor in Biology,
Texas Agricultural and Mechanical Col-
lege, 1910-12; assistant professor in same,
1912-14. He is a communicant of St.
Stephen's Protestant Episcopal Church,
Wilkes-Barre; member of St. Andrew's
Brotherhood ; and of R. E. Lee Camp,
Richmond, Virginia, Sons of United Con-
federate Veterans ; of the American As-
sociation for the Advancement of Science ;
and Wilkes-Barre Lodge, No. 61, Free
and Accepted Masons, Wilkes-Barre,
Pennsylvania.

CARLIN, William James,

Manafactnrer, Man of Affairs.

Among the men who have been vitaliz-
ing factors in the development of the city
of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the late Wil-

liam James Carlin occupied a prominent
position. Serious in his aims and shrewd
in business, with broad views and gener-
ous ideals, he was always conscious of
the dignity of life and his character was
ennobled by traits which gained for him
the esteem of the community.

Thomas Carlin, his father, was born in
Belfast, Ireland, 1821, and died in Pitts-
burgh, in 1884. His grandfather was a
colonel in the English army. Thomas
Carlin emigrated to this country early in
the fifties and located in Allegheny City
(now Northside, Pittsburgh), Pennsyl-
vania. Skilled in every detail pertaining
to his business and possessed of executive
ability of no mean order, he founded in
i860 the firm of Thomas Carlin, which
has since become one of the most promi-
nent of its kind in the city. He was not
alone active in the business life of the
city, but as a member of the United Pres-
byterian church he was noted for the
good work he performed for that denomi-
nation, and for his many charitable acts
in other directions. A cousin of William
J. Carlin was the late General Carlin,
noted Federal officer in the Civil War.
On that memorable day in the history of
the Civil War, General Carlin (then colo-
nel) led his troops to victory on Lookout
Mountain, Tennessee. Another relative,
an uncle. Captain David Carlin, distin-
guished himself by various acts of brav-
ery on the battlefield of Chickamauga.
Thomas Carlin married and had children :
David, who died in 1881 ; Thomas, who
died in 1909; Mary, married John Irwin,
recently deceased ; and William James,
see forward.

William James Carlin was born in Al-
legheny City, Pennsylvania, June 20,
1856, and died in Pittsburgh, December
12, 1911.

His education was acquired partly
in the public schools of his native
city, but certain studies appealing to his
practical nature, he pursued these with

551

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

private teachers while still a mere boy.
At an early age he became identified with
the machine-building works established
by his father, and upon the death of the
latter Mr. Carlin assumed complete con-
trol of the concern. In 1899 he pur-
chased the interests held by his brothers
and incorporated the business, himself
being elected president of the new com-
pany. Under his able management the
scope of this concern was largely in-
creased and has continued on a prosper-
ous footing.

Mr. Carlin was also elected presi-
dent of the William J. Carlin Company,
which he founded in 1889, and both of
these corporations are among the most
important in the city of Pittsburgh. Act-
ing according to the views of Mr. Carlin,
both corporations are up to date in every
respect. They employ the most modern
machinery, adopt every appliance to
facilitate manufacture, and every means
is taken to provide for the safety and
reasonable comfort of those in their em-
ploy. The consequence is that they rarely
have any trade troubles and their work-
men have the interest of the concerns
truly at heart. Mr. Carlin was a member
of the Calvary Episcopal Church, and
gave liberally of his means toward the
erection of the new church structure. In
political matters he supported the princi-
ples of the Republican party.

Mr. Carlin married Harriet Amanda
Braden (see Braden) and had children :
I. David Noble, educated under private
tuition and at the University of Pitts-
burgh, is now head of the firm of Thomas
Carlin's Sons, and has amply demon-
strated that he has inherited the ability
of his father; he is a member of the Cal-
vary Episcopal Church and of the Re-
publican party. 2. Alma Braden, de-
ceased. 3. William Douglas, deceased.

Mr. Carlin was an active member of the
Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, and
of the Alanufacturers' Association of

Pittsburgh, and his opinions and counsel
carried weight at the meetings of both of
these bodies. Keen and aggressive in
his business methods, he was yet pos-
sessed of a great measure of foresight,
which enabled him to steer clear of rocks
upon which other less careful men of
business were wrecked. He gave ear-
nest and deliberate thought to every ven-
ture in which he was called upon to en-
gage, and when he embarked upon it it
was with well matured plans. In private
life he was genial and courteous to all,
with a warm heart which was ever ready
to sympathize with those less fortunate in
the affairs of life than he was, and this
sympathy was always accompanied by
practical help.

(The Braden Line.)

In England there have been families
by the name of Braden since the year
1000, and in America the name has been
known since 1650. It is variously spellpd,
as Braden, Bredon, Bryden and Bredin,
which are all supposed to have had their
origin in the French name of Breton,
which has figured in the persecution of
the Huguenots, the Irish troubles and the
destruction of the Indians. Braden dates
back to 800 or 900 A. D., appears in the
Doomsday Book, and has been known as
a family name since that time. It prob-
ably represents the Danish form of the
pronunciation of Breton, which was orig-
inally Brayton.

Andre Bredin, born in France, June 24,
1759, died in 1842, at Gustavus, Trumbull
county, Ohio, where he had settled with
other members of his family during the
French Revolution about 1790, after hav-
ing first fled to England, from whence
he sailed to this country. At first he
made his home in Beaver county, Penn-
sylvania, then purchased a farm and re-
sided upon this until his death.

James Braden married Sarah Thomp-
son, and had children : Gustavus, died

552

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

in 1840; Noble James, see forward; Mar-
tha, married Percival Smith ; Mary, mar-
ried Samuel Middleton ; George Armer,
married Adelaide Boone.

Noble James, son of James and Sarah
(Thompson) Braden, was born in Gus-
tavus, Trumbull county, Ohio, October
16, 1834, and died in Pittsburgh May 23,
1890.

His childhood years were spent on
the home farm and at the age of sixteen
he commenced teaching, seeing that to
obtain the education in the higher studies
that his heart so craved it would be nec-
essary to help financially. Some of his
pupils were older and much more robust
than he, nevertheless the term was con-
ducted without the usual disorder com-
mon to that time. With the money so
earned he entered the Western Reserve
College, Cleveland, Ohio, and was gradu-
ated from this at the expiration of four
years. He then went to Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, engaged in business as a
commission merchant, and was identified
with this line of business until his death.
In addition to this he was also engaged
in the real estate business and was the
owner of a large amount of property.
For many years he was a member of
the Calvary Episcopal Church, was one
of the vestrymen for a period of seven-
teen years, and was also the treasurer of
the parish.

He married Caroline, born at Gustavus,
Ohio, December i, 1858, daughter of
Simpson and Amanda (Bergendorfer)
Cowden. Mrs. Braden's maternal grand-
father, Bergendorfer, was a descend-
ant of Peter Stuyvesant, first governor of
New Amsterdam (New York). Mr. and
Mrs. Braden were the parents of children :
Harriet Amanda, who married William
James Carlin (see Carlin above) ; Sarah,
married Edward M. West, of Pittsburgh ;
Alma, married Wilson Harper, of Lands-
downe, Pennsylvania; James Simpson, of
New York, married Jean Aliller.

THOMSON, John,

Iiibrarlan, Liitteratenr.

John Thomson, M. A., Litt. D., has
been a resident of Philadelphia since
1881, and in his chosen field of effort has
attained very high position. As librar-
ian of the Free Library of Philadelphia
he has met every requirement usually
demanded, and in addition has so liber-
ally construed library law and precedent
that many a man has the benefit of pri-
vate use of books otherwise denied him.
This broad and liberal policy has greatly
increased the usefulness of the library
and is a result pleasing, as well as credit-
able. Not only is he known to Phila-
delphians as the accomplished head 6i
the great library, but to the antiquarians
of the city he is an authority on many
special subjects dear to the heart of the
collector. Outside of the city of his adop-
tion he is well known as the author of
many volumes and essays dealing with
subjects literary and scientific. That his
fame is not merely local is evidenced by
the fact that in 1913 Ursinus College
conferred upon him the degree of Litt.
D., the University of Pennsylvania hav-
ing conferred A.]\I. in 1909.

John Thomson was born in England
and educated in London, and since he
came to the United States has been con-
tinuously engaged in library work of
worth and importance. For eight years
he was private librarian to Mr. Clarence
H. Clark, of Philadelphia, and then for
three years filled a similar position with
Air. Jay Gould at his home, Irvington-
on-Hudson. During these years he com-
piled and published catalogues of both of
these libraries, which were among the
noted book collections of this country.
In 1894 he was appointed librarian of
the Free Library of Philadelphia, then
first opened and occupying but a single
room in City Hall, with fifteen hundred
volumes, and but one other than the li-

553

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

brarian on the staff. During Dr. Thom-
son's administration he has seen the Pub-
lic Library grow until, in the main build-
ing, at Thirteenth and Locust streets,
and in twenty-three branches in different
parts of the city, nearly 400,000 volumes
are at the disposal of the public, and
about two hundred employees and at-
tendants are engaged in caring for them.
This main library and its branches
circulate about 2,000,000 books yearly,
while reference works are in constant de-
mand and the reading rooms nearly al-
ways crowded. In 1904 Dr. Thomson
secured, through Mr. Andrew Carnegie,
thirty branch libraries for the city, the
princely donor donating $1,500,000 for
this purpose. Besides the catalogues of
the two private libraries before men-
tioned, he has published "Descriptive
Catalogue of the Works of Sir Walter
Scott," and also of the "Library of Old
Authors" for the Free Library; cata-
logues of the libraries of Thomas Dolan
and the Rittenhouse Club ; a series of
essays, one on "Block Books," delivered
before the Numismatic and Antiquarian
Society, the other "Hither and Thither,"
a collection of essays on books, published
in igo6.

Naturally Dr. Thomson's society and
club relations are with organizations hav-
ing kindred objects and aims. He holds
official position in the American Library
Association, and for many years has
served by the appointment of Governors
of Pennsylvania on the State Library
Commission. He was one of the found-
ers of the Philobiblion Club in 1904, and
has ever since been one of its officers.
He is chairman of the library committee
of the Art Club, member of the Histori-
cal Society of Pennsylvania, and shows
devotion to the land that gave him birth
by membership in the Society of the Sons
of Saint George, and holds the position
of vice-president in the Albion Society.
His social club is the Art Club, the

Franklin Inn of Philadelphia and the
Rowfant Club of Cleveland, Ohio, also
numbering him among their members.
In religious and philanthropic work he
also displays a deep interest. He is a
member of the council of the University
Extension Society, member of the coun-
cil and vice-president of the Home Teach-
ing Society for the Blind, member of
the council of the Society for the Pro-
motion of Church Work among the Blind,
and accounting warden of the Episcopal
Church of the Annunciation, Twelfth and
Diamond streets.

Dr. Thomson married in England, and
has seven living children. The family
residence is at 2101 North Camac street;
his office, 13th and Locust streets.

HADDEN, James,

Historian, Amtiqnariaii.

"O the Isle of Mull is an isle of delight,
With the waves on the shore and the sun on

the height,
With the breeze on the hill and the blast on the

fens,
And the old green woods and the old grassy

glens."

James Hadden, a native of Uniontown,
Pennsylvania, was the fourth of the five
sons of Armstrong and Jane (McClean)
Hadden, and was born August 17, 1845.
He is of Scotch lineage from both sides
of his ancestry, his father, Armstrong
Hadden, being the son of Thomas Had-
den, of Scotch descent, who came from
the eastern part of Pennsylvania when
a young man and located in LTniontowri
soon after the erection of Fayette county
and the establishment of the courts, in
1783, and was admitted to the bar at
September term, 1795, and was the first
resident attorney at the bar of the new
court. In 1798 he was married to Eliza-
beth, second daughter of Colonel Alex-
ander McClean, the famous surveyor. He
was also county auditor in 181 5; county
554

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^NRi^^^l

BH

fl

^M

1

^ciincj fJVaadcii

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

treasurer from 1818 to 1821 ; was also
a notary public, and held the office of
justice of the peace from 1812 to 1819.
He was born April 19, 1770, and died
June I, 1826.

Mr. Hadden's paternal great-grand-
father was Colonel Alexander McClean,
the famous surveyor, who, with his elder
brothers, Archibald, Moses, and Samuel,
all natives of York county, was employed
in running the New Castle circle between
the provinces of Pennsylvania and Dela-
ware, and was employed also in running
the historic Mason and Dixon line, the
southern boundary of the province of
Pennsylvania, thus settling forever the
boundary line between this State and the
States of Maryland and Virginia. Colonel
McClean also located the temporary po-
sition of the southwest corner of the
State, and ran her western boundary to
Lake Erie. He also did much of the
surveying in the northwestern part of
the State when that part of the province
was thrown open for settlement. He was
elected a member of the supreme execu-
tive council for the purpose of, and was
instrumental in, effecting the formation
of Fayette county from a part of West-
moreland, and was appointed its first reg-
ister and recorder, which position he
filled with signal ability from the time
of his appointment until his death, a
period of just fifty years. He was very
prominent in the affairs of the State and
the community in which he lived.

Mr. Hadden's maternal great-grand-
father was James McClean, a brother to
Colonel Alexander McClean. James Mc-
Clean bought lands and settled at the
western base of the Allegheny mountains
in 1772, while what is now Fayette county
was a part of Bedford county. The Mc-
Cleans trace their ancestry to the Isle
of Mull, and can trace their origin with
precision to Old Dougall, of Scone, who
flourished about the year iioo. Gilleain,
or more truly MacGilleain, who flourished

about 1250, was the founder of the clan
MacLean. He was a man of mark and
distinction, and held large possessions in
Upper-Mull and along the whole north-
ern coast of that island, and built his
castle on the Island of Kerrera, a part
of his possessions, and which still bears
his name. Gilleain, from which the fam-
ily name is derived, means "Servants of
Saint John."

Armstrong Hadden, father of the sub-
ject of this sketch, was thrown upon his
own resources while quite young, and
learned the trade of harness making,
which business he followed in connec-
tion with that of buggy and coach trim-
ming for many years. He traveled much,
as was the custom in his time, as a
journeyman artisan. He was appointed
to the office of postmaster at Uniontown
by President James K. Polk, May 5, 1845,
and subsequent to the election of Frank-
lin Pierce to the presidency, Mr. Had-
den again sent in his application for ap-
pointment as postmaster, but this time
it was referred to a vote of the patrons
of the office, who showed their preference
to Mr. Hadden over his competitors.
This was the only time in the history
of the office that the choice of the people
was expressed by ballot. His appoint-
ment at this time was dated April 18,
1853. Mr. Hadden sent in his applica-
tion for reappointment under the admin-
istration of President James Buchanan,
which was granted, his appointment dat-
ing April 12, 1858. When a charter was
granted for the incorporation of the Fay-
ette county railroad, in 1857, Mr. Had-
den became actively engaged in its pro-
motion, and became one of its directors
and its treasurer, which position he held
until his death. Upon the establishment
of the Dollar Savings Bank, January i.
1870, of which Mr. Hadden was one of
the promoters, he was elected one of its
directors and its cashier, which position
he held until the time of his death. Mr.

555

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Hadden was always prominently identi-
fied with the interests and prosperity of
the town, and the respect in which he
was held by the citizens was expressed
in the closing of the business houses of
the town during the funeral services and
interment. He was born February 2,
1808. and died October 19, 1872.

James Hadden, the subject of this
sketch, assisted in the post office under
his father, and attended the public
schools. He was the first newsboy to in-
troduce the Pittsburgh daily papers in
the town, beginning with a list of about
a dozen subscribers. He then went to
Waynesburg, where he attended college
for two years, after which he embarked
in the photograph business, which he fol-
lowed for fifteen years. Longing for
outdoor exercise, he entered market
gardening, which business he conducted
for eighteen years, after which he retired
from active business and delightfully
spends much of his time reading and
writing short articles on local history.
He has taken an active part in locating
and marking the places of historic inter-
est in Fayette county, and was one of
the prime movers in the establishment
of a memorial park and the erection and
dedication of a monument to the mem-
ory of General Edward Braddock. who
gave his life in the English cause in
America.

Mr. Hadden is the author of a small
book entitled "Washington's and Brad-
dock's Expeditions," which is a concise
and comprehensive work on the two im-
portant introductory campaigns to estab-
lish English supremacy in the Mississippi
valley. He has also reissued the work
of Judge James Veech, entitled "Monon-
gahela of Old," an exceedingly rare and
valuable history of the early settlements
in and adjoining Fayette county. He has
just issued a "History of Uniontown,
Pennsylvania," which is a work of 824
pages, containing 34 chapters and 34 fine

half-tone illustrations. This interesting
work is the culmination of several years'
labor.

On January 9, 1872, Mr. Hadden was
most happily married to Miss Libbie S.
Doran, and they now occupy the old Had-
den home at 85 Morgantown street,
Uniontown, which has been owned and
occupied by the Hadden family for three-
quarters of a century.

ELY, Warren Smedley,

Historian, Antiquarian.

Warren Smedley Ely, tenth child and
fourth son of Isaac and Mary (Magill)
Ely, was born in Solebury township,
October 6, 1855. He was educated in
the common schools and Lambertville
Seminary. On April i, 1878, he took
charge of the paternal farm, upon which
he had been reared, and conducted it for
two years. March i, 1880, he purchased
a farm in Buckingham, to which he re-
moved and cultivated it for five years,
during the same period acting as one of
the managers and the treasurer of the
Buckingham Valley Creamery Associa-
tion. On October 26, 1881, he experi-
enced a distressing accident by the loss
of his right arm in farming machinery.
This necessitated his seeking other em-
ployment than that to which he had been
accustomed, and in the winter of 1881-82
he engaged in business as a real estate
and general business agent, and during
the ensuing four years was busily en-
gaged in that capacity, at the same time
continuing his residence upon the farm
and directing its management. In the
spring of 1885 he sold the farm and pur-
chased a mill in Buckingham, which he
remodeled and refitted throughout, equip-
ping it with the latest improved roller
process machinery for the manufacture
of flour and granulated cornmeal. He
was the pioneer in eastern Pennsylvania
in the manufacture of the latter prod-

556

XMcuwov^. S)'

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

uct, and his "Gold Grits" enjoyed a more
than local reputation, and commanded a
ready sale, as did his roller process flour,
and he conducted a prosperous business
for several years.

In the autumn of 1893 he was elected
on the Republican ticket to the office of
clerk of the Orphans' Court of Bucks
county, and in the spring following re-
moved to Doylestown, where he has since
resided. After his retirement from office
on the expiration of his official term, he
was appointed a deputy clerk of the same
court, acting more especially as advisor
and assistant to his chief, and during a
large portion of this same period also
serving as deputy register of wills, and
for some time as deputy recorder of deeds
and deputy sheriff. He has held com-
mission as deputy clerk of Orphans'
Court and deputy register of wills down
to the present time, his advice and as-
sistance being sought in emergencies.
He has supervised the refiling and index-
ing of papers and records in the Court
of Common Pleas, Court of Quarter Ses-
sions, and in fact all the original papers
on file at the court house from the found-
ing of the county in 1682 down to 1882,
and is therefore probably the best in-
formed man in the county in reference
to civil history. On May i, 1900, he
accepted the position of business mana-
ger of the "Republican," a daily and
weekly newspaper at Doylestown. He
was so engaged until August, 1901, when
he resigfned to take charge of the work
of arranging, recopying and filing the
papers and records of the Orphans' Court
office under the direction of the court, a
task which employed him constantly for
nearly two years. Since the completion
of this labor his entire time has been de-
voted to historical and genealogical work.
He edited the revised edition of General
W. W. H. Davis' "History of Bucks
County," published in 1904.

Proud of the achievements of the sons

of Bucks county, abroad as well as at
home, Mr. Ely has made a close study
of the part the county has taken in
the rise and development of the province,
state and nation, and is recognized as
an authority in matters relating to its
local history, and particularly the geneal-
ogy of its early families. He was di-
rected into this channel of thought and
investigation during his incumbency of
the office of clerk of the Orphans' Court,
and, while rendering efficient service in
that capacity, found congenial occupa-
tion in his contact with the ancient rec-
ords of the county not alone in his offi-
cial investigations, but in the fund of
information opened up to him with ref-
erence to the old families of the county.
He became an active member of the
Bucks County Historical Society, was its
first regularly instituted librarian and
curator, and has occupied that position
to the present time, serving for ten years
without salary, but giving the greater
part of his time to the building up of the
library which, under his supervision, has
grown from less than one hundred vol-
umes of little historical value, until it
has become one of the largest and most
efficient county historical libraries in this
or any other State, containing at pres-
ent over 4,000 bound volumes, and a
fine collection of valuable historical man-
uscripts, rare prints, pictures, pamphlets,
etc., this result being accomplished with
very little financial support, and with-
out a cent of State or county appropri-
ation. The Museum connected with the
library is the most unique and complete
in its illustration of local history of the
section, of any like institution in exist-
ence, but its success is much more due
to the efforts of Henry C. Mercer, Esq.,
the present president of the Society, than
to its curator, Mr. Ely. He has contrib-
uted a number of papers to the archives
of the Society, these including one of
particular merit, on "The Scotch-Irish

557

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Families of Bucks County." Mr. Ely is
a member of the American Historical As-
sociation and of the Pennsylvania His-
tory Club, and has written and compiled
a number of historical publications of
more than ordinary merit.

Mr. Ely is deeply interested in gen-
eral educational affairs, and gave capable
service as one of the trustees and di-
rectors of the Hughesian Free School,
in Buckingham, until his removal from
the township rendered him ineligible for
the office. He is a member of the fra-
ternity of Odd Fellows, affiliated with
Aquetong Lodge, No. 193, in which he is
a past grand, and Doylestown Encamp-
ment, No. 35, and has been for many
years its secretary and representative to
the Grand Lodge, in which he is past
chief patriarch and scribe ; and has been
representative in the State Grand En-
campment a number of years, and for
some time filled the position of district
deputy. He is also a past select com-
mander of the Ancient Order, Knights of
the Mystic Chain, of Pennsylvania, affili-
ated with Buckingham Castle, No. 208,
which he represented for several years,
also serving as trustee of the State body
for three years.

Through his marriage, Mr. Ely is re-
lated to a family as old in America as
his own. On March 29, 1882, he mar-
ried Hannah S. Michener, a daughter of
Hugh and Sarah (Betts) Michener. She
is descended on the paternal side from
John and Sarah Michener, who came from
England about 1690 and settled in Phila-
delphia, later removing^ to Moreland
township, Montgomery county, whence
William Alichener removed in 1722 to
Plumstead, Bucks county, where Mrs.
Ely's ancestors were prominent farmers
for several generations. On the maternal
side she is descended from Colonel Rich-
ard Betts, who came from England to
Ipswich, Massachusetts, about 1648, and
soon afterward to Long Island, where he

filled many high and honorable positions
under the Colonial government — member
of the provincial assembly, commissioner
of highways, sheriff, officer of volunteers,
etc., and died November 18, 1673, at the
remarkable age of one hundred years.
Among the maternal ancestors of Mrs.
Ely were also the Stevenson, Whitehead,
Powell, Whitson, De la Plaine, Cresson,
Cock, Halleck, Este, Field and other
prominent families of Long Island and
New Jersey, and the Blackfan, Simpson,
Warner, Wiggins, Croasdale, Chapman
and Hayhurst families of Bucks county.
Many of her lineal ancestors have held
high official position in the early days
of the colonies, as have those of her hus-
band.

The children of Warren S. and Hannah
S. (Michener) Ely are as follows : M.
Florence, born July 19, 1884, wife of J.
Carroll Molloy ; Laura W., born Febru-
ary 21, 1887, died February 25, 1903;
and Frederic Warren, born February 16,
1889, a graduate of Swarthmore College,
and now a civil engineer engaged in the
active practice of his profession.

BAILEY, James Madison,

Manufacturer, Financier.

The fundamental source of Pittsburgh's
greatness lies in the unsurpassed quality
of her citizenship, and more especially
of her business men — men of the type
of the late James Madison Bailey, for
many years a member of the well-known
firm of Phillips, Nimick & Company, and
president of the Fourth National Bank.
For a third of a century Mr. Bailey was
a forceful element in the business world
and was widely known as an able and
successful man of affairs.

Francis Bailey, father of James Madi-
son Bailey, belonged on his father's side
to a family that held a one hundred years'
lease of an estate on the Boaun Waters,
near Coleraine, Ireland, while through

558

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

his mother he was a member of the old
Livingston family of Scotland. As a
young man Francis Bailey emigrated to
the United States, settling in 1814 in
Philadelphia and in 1820 in Pittsburgh.
During the greater part of his life he
was engaged in mercantile business and
was prominent in Freemasonry, being
first commander of the Knights Templar
Commandery of Pittsburgh and instru-
mental in reviving Masonry in the Iron
City.

He married Mary A., daughter of
Jacob and Elizabeth Beltzhoover, and
they were the parents of six children :
Francis, Jr., deceased ; the late Judge
John H. Bailey ; James Madison, men-
tioned below ; Sarah ; Elizabeth ; Mary.
Francis Bailey, the father, died January
8, 1849, aged sixty-two.

James Madison, son of Francis and
Mary A. (Beltzhoover) Bailey, was born
August 22, 1833, in Pittsburgh, and re-
ceived his education in public and pri-
vate schools of his native city, and at
the Western L^niversity of Pennsylvania
(now the University of Pittsburgh),
which he attended for six years. At the
age of seventeen he began dealing in
coal and continued to do so for some
years, after which he served four years
as clerk in a commission firm. The early
portion of his business career was inter-
rupted by a trip to California in the ex-
citing El Dorado days, the spirit of ad-
venture which was then abroad in the
land triumphing for a brief space over
the business instincts which were even
then beginning to develop in this finely
endowed young man.

Not many years after his return from
California, Mr. Bailey became a mem-
ber of the firm of Phillips, Nimick &
Company, owners and operators of the
old Sligo Mill. He survived both the
partners, thus becoming, practically, sole
proprietor. Forceful, sagacious and re-
sourceful, he was recognized as one in

the inmost circle of those closest to the
business concerns and financial interests
which most largely conserved the growth
and progress of the city.

For twenty years Mr. Bailey served
as president of the Fourth National Bank,
giving striking proof of his ability in the
sphere of finance, and he was also a mem-
ber of the board of directors of the Fort
Pitt National Bank prior to the reorgani-
zation of that institution. He was presi-
dent of the Monongahela Incline and the
Castle Shannon Incline before the latter
changed hands. He was one of the in-
corporators and directors of the Pitts-
burgh & Lake Erie Railroad Company,
the Pittsburgh & Castle Shannon Rail-
road Company, the Pittsburgh, McKees-
port & Youghiogheny Railroad Company,
the Lexington & Big Sandy Railroad
Company, and the Ashland Coal & Iron
Railway, in Kentucky. He was presi-
dent of the Union Bridge Company and
a director in the Monongahela Bridge
Company until the Smithfield street
structure was sold to the city. He was
one of the incorporators of the Pitts-
burgh Clay Pot Compan}^ a director of
the Cash Insurance Company and a heavy
stockholder in the Clinton Iron and Steel
Company of which James W. Friend was
president. To these many and important
interests an ordinary man would have
found it impossible to do justice, but
James Madison Bailey was not an ordi-
nary man. To whatever he undertook
he gave his whole soul, allowing noth-
ing intrusted to his care to suffer for
want of close and able attention and in-
dustry.

A man of action rather than words,
Mr. Bailey demonstrated his public spirit
by actual achievements which advanced
the prosperity and wealth of the com-
munity, and in all concerns relative to
the city's welfare he ever manifested a
deep and sincere interest. He took a lead-
ing part in the erection of the Fourth

559

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Ward school building and for years
served as a school director. He was a
Democrat in politics and represented his
ward in the Select Council, serving many
terms.

No good work done in the name
of charity or religion sought his co-oper-
ation in vain, and in his work of this
character he brought to bear the same
discrimination and thoroughness that
were manifest in his business life. He
was one of the directors of the Allegheny
Cemetery and a member of the board of
trustees of the Homeopathic Hospital.
An ardent advocate of the development
of the South Side, Mr. Bailey had ex-
tensive real estate interests on Mount
Washington and did much for the im-
provement of that section of the city.
Up to the time of his death his summer
home was on Bailey avenue, on Mount
Washington, the property having been in
the family for over a hundred years, a
direct grant from the Penns to Jacob
Beltzhoover. He was a member of the
Second Presbyterian Church and at one
time served on its board of trustees.

Possessing generous impulses and a
chivalrous sense of honor, Mr. Bailey
was, indeed, a man nobly planned. The
old saying, "his word was as good as
his bond," was not infrequently quoted
in giving an estimate of his character
when his memory was referred to in
social intercourse. Ardent in his friend-
ships, he irradiated the ever-widening
circle of his influence with the bright-
ness of spirit that expressed the pure
gold of character. His countenance in-
dicated those sterling qualities of man-
hood and that geniality of disposition
which were manifest throughout his ca-
reer. His very presence seemed to radi-
ate energy, alertness and confidence, and
his whole expression was that of intelli-
gence, calmness and capacity.

Mr. Bailey married, December 24, 1867,
Martha, daughter of James and Martha

(Duff) Dalzell, of Pittsburgh, and the
following children were born to them:
Two daughters, Ruth Bailey McMechen
and Lois Livingston Balken, and a son,
Mark D. Bailey, of Pittsburgh.

Mr. Bailey was devoted to the ties of
friendship and of family, regarding them
as sacred obligations. He was essentially
a home-lover and delighted in the exer-
cise of hospitality. The death of Mr.
Bailey, which occurred May 6, 1903, de-
prived Pittsburgh of one of her most re-
spected citizens and foremost business
men, of stainless character in every re-
lation of life and a most kindly and
benevolent disposition. His every action
was in accordance with the highest prin-
ciples, he fulfilled to the letter every
trust committed to him, and was gener-
ous in his feelings and conduct toward
all.

Among the many tributes to the
character and work of Mr. Bailey was
an editorial which appeared in a Pitts-
burgh paper and from which the follow-
ing is an extract :

"In the death of James Madison Bailey the
industries and business of Pittsburgh lose an
important factor in their progress. Mr. Bailey
was born in this city in 1833 and on reaching
manhood took an active part in the business,
banking and manufactures of the city. He was
early in the coal business, held and conducted
important banking interests and was prominent
as an iron and steel manufacturer. He was an
unobtrusive, sensible and well equipped business
man, a Pittsburgh type, it might be said, and in
all the relations of life made and held friends,
adding to his value and usefulness as a citizen."

Mr. Bailey was a man who touched
life at many points and there was hardly
an element essential to the well-being of
his native city which was not strength-
ened by his vitalizing influence. The
passing of such a man leaves a vacancy
which it is well-nigh impossible to fill
and a record which serves as an inspira-
tion to those who come after him.

560

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

RANDOLPH, Edmund D.,

Financier, Iieadlng Ijife Insurance
Authority.

Edmund D. Randolph, Consulting
Treasurer of the New York Life Insur-
ance Company, and for nearly half a cen-
tury officially connected with a number
of the leading financial institutions of the
metropolis, is a representative of an an-
cient family of English origin distin-
guished in the Colonial, Revolutionary
and National periods of our history.

The founder of the American branch
of the race came in 1622 from Notting-
hamshire, England, to Barnstable, Mas-
sachusetts, seeking an asylum from re-
ligious persecution. Since the early part
of the tenth century his ancestors had
been prominent in English history. From
a Scotch branch of the family was de-
scended "The Bruce." The Virginia
branch is rich in famous names. The
original form of the patronymic was
Fitz-Randolph, and the race is exclusively
of English and Scottish origin. In 1630
the Massachusetts branch was trans-
planted to Middlesex county. New Jer-
sey.

Edward Fitz-Randolph, grandfather of
Edmund D. Randolph, was born Febru-
ary 20, 1754, at Perth Amboy, New Jer-
sey, and during the Revolutionary War
was a soldier in the Continental army,
serving successively as ensign, sec-
ond lieutenant and first lieutenant of the
Fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Conti-
nental Line. The period of his service
was from January 3, 1777, to May 10,
1779, and he participated in the battles
of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Ger-
mantown and Monmouth. He was
wounded at Paoli, and was among those
who endured the hardships and privations
of the never-to-be-forgotten winter at
Valley Forge. Lieutenant Fitz-Randolph
married Anna Juliana Steele, and his
death occurred March 12, 1837, in Phil-

adelphia, where his portrait now hangs
in the rooms of the Pennsylvania His-
torical Society.

Charles, son of Edward and Anna Juli-
ana (Steele) Fitz-Randolph, was born in
1805, in Philadelphia, and became a well
known medical practitioner of that city.
He married Margaret Gooch, born in
1808, in Delaware, and their son, Ed-
mund D., is mentioned below. At the
early age of thirty-nine Dr. Randolph
died, leaving a record comparatively
brief, but rich in results which promised
a brilliant future.

Edmund D., son of Charles and Mar-
garet (Gooch) Randolph, was born Au-
gust 26, 1838, in Philadelphia, and re-
ceived his education in private schools
and the Grammar and Central high
schools of his native city, in which latter
he completed the full four years collegi-
ate course, graduating in 1856 with the
degree of Bachelor of Arts. He began
his business career as corresponding
clerk of the Philadelphia Bank, an insti-
tution organized and conducted by mem-
bers of his family on both sides, and
maintained during a period of many
years. He also served, for a few years,
as clerk in the well known banking house
of Jay Cooke & Company, Philadelphia,
and in 1862 became a member of the
banking firm of Smith, Randolph & Com-
pany, of that city.

In 1866 Mr. Randolph went to New
York City as resident partner in charge
of the branch office of the firm with
which he was connected, and has ever
since been closely and prominently iden-
tified with the financial interests of his
adopted city. In 1877 he was elected
president of the Continental National
Bank (since consolidated with the Hano-
ver National Bank), an office which he
retained for twenty-one years. In 1898
he resigned in order to become an officer
of the New York Life Insurance Com-
pany, of which he had been a trustee

561

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

since February, 1892. He was suc-
cessively elected chairman of the execu-
tive committee, chairman of the finance
committee, and treasurer. Air. Randolph
is also connected with several other
prominent corporations in official capaci-
ties, including those of director and trus-
tee. Among the concerns with which he
is associated are the Liverpool and Lon-
don and the Globe insurance companies,
the Manhattan Trust Company, the New
York Trust Company and the Southern
Railway Company. In all the positions
which he has filled he has proved him-
self possessed of talents which peculiarly
fit him for success in the realm of finance
— in particular, the ability to read "the
signs of the times."

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and civic virtue Mr. Ran-
dolph stands in the front rank, never re-
fusing the support of his influence and
means to measures which he deems cal-
culated to promote the welfare of the
city. No good work done in the name
of charity or religion seeks his coopera-
tion in vain, but his philanthropy is of
the kind that shuns publicity. He is a
member and warden of Trinity Church
Corporation, and a trustee of the New
York Hospital and the Metropolitan Mu-
seum of Art. He belongs to the Zoo-
logical and Botanical Societies of New
York, and is a member of the Union,
Knickerbocker, Metropolitan, Meichanto
and Church clubs of New York City, the
Country Club of West Chester, and the
Philadelphia Club of Philadelphia.

Mr. Randolph married Helen, daughter
of Zebediah and Eliza (Earle) Lothrop
and granddaughter of Governor Earle of
Rhode Island ; her father was one of the
eminent merchants of Philadelphia, and a
member of the famous old firm of Fales,
Lothrop & Company. Like her hus-
band, Mrs. Randolph is a native of Phil-
adelphia. The following children have
been born to Mr. and Mrs. Randolph:

Edmund, Charles, Alary Welsh, Cora,
Lothrop, Margaret, and Helen. The fam-
ily home, "Brookwood," is at Mount St.-
Vincent-on-the-Hudson.

Edmund D. Randolph is a representa-
tive of a family which has been for three
generations identified with Pennsylva-
nia. The career of his early manhood is
associated with the Keystone State, but
the story of the rich years of his later
life is interwoven with the annals of New
York. The records of his father and
grandfather — the one a skilful physician
and the other a brave soldier — are wor-
thily supplemented by his own, which is
that of an able and honorable financier
and a high-minded man of affairs.

PENN, William,

Founder of PennsylTamla.

William Penn was born in London,
England, October 16, 1644, son of Sir
William Penn, admiral in the English
navy. The son entered Christ Church
College, Oxford University, but there be-
came a follower of George Fox, and was
a leader in opposing the introduction of
elaborate church ceremonials, and was
expelled. His non-conformist views were
very obnoxious to his father, who put
him into London society, hoping to
change his views, but without effect. He
joined the Society of Friends, and for this
he was disowned by his father. He be-
gan to preach and write in advocacy of
the doctrines of the Friends and pub-
lished a pamphlet which was held to be
seditious, and for which he was im-
prisoned for nine months in the Tower of
London. Resuming his residence at Cork,
he continued preaching and writing pam-
phlets. His father died in 1692, and he
inherited a large estate, and shortly after-
ward married Gulielma Maria (Proude)
Springet, who died the year of their mar-
riage. He succeeded in procuring from
the Duke of York the release of George

562

y!l^!^^i:^<^,#^^ Q^^/^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Fox, who had been long imprisoned. He
then made a missionary voyage to Hol-
land and Germany in company with Fox
and other prominent Friends, and soon
afterward engaged actively in a long cher-
ished project to plant a colony in America.
In 1679 Penn and eleven others bought
East Jersey. Later he learned that the
English king was indebted to his father's
estate to the amount of £16,000, and he
accepted land in America in liquidation
of the debt, the charter being signed
]\Iarch 4, 1681, the tract being called
Pennsylvania. With the land he had con-
ferred upon him almost royal rights — to
enact laws, appoint judges and other offi-
cers. His wisdom in government and
success in colonizing his newly acquired
possessions is one of the most brilliant
chapters of American history. He ar-
rived at New Castle, Delaware, Novem-
ber 28, 1682, and at the site of the present
Philadelphia a few days later. He made
his famous treaty with the Indians, rec-
ognizing them as rightful owners of the
land, and the fairness of his dealings with
them established most friendly relations,
and immigrants came in large numbers.
When Charles II. died in 1685, and was
succeeded by James, Duke of York, Penn
maintained friendly relations with the
new monarch, despite their religious dif-
ferences ; he obtained freedom of worship
for all Friends, and showed his real con-
ceptions of true religious liberty by sup-
porting the king in the abolition of the
test rule which prevented Roman Catho-
lics from holding public offices. When
James was dethroned his successor, Wil-
liam of Orange, ordered the arrest of
Penn, who was, however, released after
an examination in which he averred that
he had acted honestly and conscientious-
ly, and that he loved his country and the
Protestant religion beyond his life. He
was again arrested, but discharged; later
he was again taken into custody, im-
prisoned for several months, proclaimed

to be a traitor, and deprived of govern-
mental powers. In 1695 he married Han-
nah Callowhill, of Bristol, England, and
in 1699 brought his family to Philadel-
phia, then numbering about 7,000 souls.
In 1701 he again returned to England,
and busied himself with his properties in
Ireland. These affairs involved him in
litigation, and he was imprisoned for debt
while attending a religious meeting, but
was released on a compromise with his
opponents, and through payments made
on his account by personal friends. Penn-
sylvania was now in quiet condition, and
that province yielded him a substantial
income, which, however, he was not long
to enjoy. In 1712 he experienced a para-
lytic stroke which impaired his memory,
and his later years were unsatisfactory.
He died in Berkshire, England, July 30,
1718.

MULLIKIN, William T.,

Leading Business Man.

The late William T. Mullikin, promi-
nent commission merchant of Philadel-
phia, while not a man who was in the
public eye, was a leader in his chosen
line of activity, and as such was known
throughout the country. Moreover, Mr.
Mullikin was essentially of that class
known as "selfmade" men, and the posi-
tion to which he attained was won only
by the exercise of an indomitable will
and a great tenacity of purpose. He had
risen from the ranks, having started as
a bookkeeper and finally becoming head
of the business, and in this capacity had
enjoyed a most enviable reputation
throughout the trade as a man of the
strictest integrity and whose motto of a
"square deal" was known everywhere.

Mr. Mullikin was a native of the State
of Maryland, having been born at
Trappe, Talbot county, May 22, 1862,
son of John F. and Margaret (Sherwood)
Mullikin. His father was a strong anti-

563

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

slavery man, and some members of the
family have held positions of prominence
in that State. The Mullikin ancestors
have been land owners in Talbot county,
Maryland, since 1668, a Patrick Mullikin
having emigrated from Ireland in that
year.

Educated at Trappe and later at Dick-
inson College, Pennsylvania, Mr. Mulli-
kin taught school for a time thereafter.
His inclinations, however, were toward a
business career, and after a business col-
lege course he became bookkeeper in the
establishment of C. M. Taylor & Co.,
of Philadelphia. This was in 1889. His
abilities were soon recognized and he
was entrusted with more important
duties, which resulted finally in his being
made manager of the company. His
policy was progressive, and he built up
an extensive and lucrative business. In
1909 the firm of C. M. Taylor & Co. was
dissolved. Mr. Taylor being otherwise
employed left most of the business to
Mr. Mullikin, but he now retired from
the firm, and, after the dissolution, Mr.
Mullikin incorporated the business under
his own name, and as a dealer in fancy
fruits and nuts he was perhaps the most
prominent in the city and generally
recognized as a leader in his line.

For twenty-five years Mr. Mullikin
was identified with the city's fruit and
produce business, and there has never
been a man who has so unmistakably left
the impress of his character upon the
trade. He was far from being a strong
man physically, but over against his bod-
ily infirmity he was a man of most pleas-
ing personality and possessed those qual-
ities of mind and heart that endeared
him to a host of loyal friends. In all
his long business career his every action
was above reproach. He was high mind-
ed and clean handed, true to every trust
reposed in him and honorable in all his
relations with men. In this connection
we quote a business friend of Mr. Mulli-

kin, Mr. P. D. Gwaltney, as follows : "I
have been knowing Mr. Mullikin for a
number of years, having done business
with him for several years, and I can say
of him that I have never known anyone
whom I regarded more honorable and
straightforward than him, and his man-
ner was so open and frank that no one
could doubt his integrity." There were
many business houses from many cities
who sent high tributes to his character
and from the letter from the Hills
Brothers Co., of New York, we give the
following extract: "We cannot say how
greatly we valued Mr. Mullikin's friend-
ship. We have always found him as
straight as a die, honorable, upright, and
it was a pleasure to do business with
him. We wish there were more William
T. Mullikins on our books."

Mr. Mullikin was married in 1895 to
Miss Anna E. Ewing, a prominent
teacher of Talbot county, Maryland,
whose family were also well known in
Maryland. For many years he was a
member and trustee of the First Pres-
byterian Church. He also held member-
ship in the Business Science Club, the
Pen and Pencil Club and the Grocery and
Importers' Exchange. Mr. Mullikin
died June 12, 1913.

ST. CLAIR, Gen. Arthur,

Dlstlnenished Soldier.

Arthur St. Clair was born in Thurso,
Caithness, Scotland, in 1734, a descendant
of William de St. Clair, of Normandy,
who settled in Scotland in the eleventh
century. At an early age Arthur St.
Clair entered the University of Edin-
burgh, and in 1755 was indentured to Dr.
William Hunter, the celebrated London
physician. In 1756-57 he purchased his
time, obtained an ensign's commission
(dated May 13, 1757) in the Royal Ameri-
can Regiment of Foot, under Major Gen-
eral Jeffrey Amherst, and came to Amer-

564

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ica, arriving before Louisburg in 1758.
He took part in the capture of that city,
July 26, 1758; was commissioned Heuten-
ant, April 17, 1759; assigned to the com-
mand of General Wolfe, and took a con-
spicuous part in the attack on Quebec,
and in the siege of Montreal and the
capitulation of the French posts in Can-
ada, September 8, 1760. He resigned his
commission, April 16, 1762. He resided
first in Boston and later in Western Penn-
sylvania, in the Ligonier Valley, where
he is said to have commanded Fort
Ligonier, receiving the title of captain.
He became a large land owner; was
prominent in the military and civil life
of that section, and erected the first, and
for many years the only, grist mill in that
section. He was appointed surveyor for
the District of Cumberland, April 5, 1770;
justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions
and Common Pleas in May, 1770, and was
a member of the Governor's Council for
Cumberland county, 1770-71. On the
erection of Bedford county in 1771 he
was appointed by the governor a justice
of the court, recorder of deeds, clerk of
the Orphans' Court and prothonotary of
the Court of Common Pleas, and in the
same year, with Moses McLean, he ran a
meridian line nine and a half miles west
of the meridian of Pittsburgh.

In May, 1775, he participated in a meet-
ing of the Scotch residents of Westmore-
land, held to protest against British ag-
gressions, and later in the same year,
while acting as secretary to the commis-
sioners sent to treat with the Indians at
Fort Pitt, suggested a volunteer expedi-
tion to surprise Detroit, and engaged be-
tween 400 and 500 young men, who
agreed to undertake the project, which,
however, although strongly recommend-
ed to Congress by the commissioners, was
disapproved by that body on the ground
that Arnold's forthcoming expedition
would result in the fall, not only of Que-
bec, but of Detroit. In December, 1775,

he was commissioned colonel of militia;
reported for duty at Philadelphia ; re-
ceived orders to raise a regiment to serve
in Canada, January 22, 1776; left Phila-
delphia, March 12, arrived at Quebec,
May 11; he went to Montreal to consult
with the committee of congress; left
Sorel, May 15, and on June 2 General
Thomas died at Chambly, and the com-
mand devolved on General Thompson,
whom St. Clair advised to occupy Three
Rivers, and on June 5 was dispatched to
Nicolet, whence he was to cross the St.
Lawrence. Upon learning of the move-
ment of St. Clair, Sullivan ordered
Thompson to follow him with three regi-
ments, and upon his arrival at Nicolet
Thompson assumed command. The Brit-
ish, having been informed of the approach
of the Americans, laid a trap to mislead
them into a morass, in which the army of
Thompson was nearly mired ; thus the
disastrous battle of Three Rivers fol-
lowed, in which Thompson was taken
prisoner, and the command devolved
upon St. Clair, who withdrew his men
and arrived at Sorel in safety. Sullivan
then retreated to Crown Point, later to
Ticonderoga.

St. Clair was appointed brigadier-gen-
eral, August 9, 1776; left the Northern
Department and joined General Wash-
ington in New Jersey, where he organized
the State militia. Commanded his bri-
gade in battles of Trenton and Princeton ;
guarded the fords of the Assanpink, and
proposed to Washington turning the en-
emy's left and marching to the north, for
which services he was commissioned
major-general, February 19, 1777, and
succeeded Colonel Reed as adjutant-gen-
eral of the army in March, 1777. Was
appointed to the command of Fort Ticon-
deroga, arriving there June 12, 1777, and
not being fully equipped to hold the
works ordered the fort evacuated, and ar-
rived at Fort Edward, July 12, 1777, for
which act he was severely censured.

565

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Left the Northern Department, August
20, 1777, to report at headquarters and
await an inquiry into his conduct. De-
manded a court-martial, and joined in the
campaign under Washington, serving as
voluntary aide-de-camp at the battle of
Brandy wine, September 11, 1777. The
court-martial was delayed until Septem-
ber, 1778, when it was held with Major
General Lincoln as president, and reached
the following verdict: "The court, hav-
ing duly considered the charges against
Major General St. Clair, and the evidence,
are unanimously of opinion that he is not
guilty of either of the charges preferred
against him, and do unanimously acquit
him of all and every of them with the
highest honor."

He took part in the preparation of Gen-
eral John Sullivan's expedition against
the Six Nations; was a member of the
court-martial that condemned Major
Andre; was in command at West Point
in October, 1780, and in November was
given temporary command of the corps
of light infantry until the return of Gen-
eral La Fayette. He assisted in sup-
pressing the mutiny under General An-
thony Wayne in January, 1781 ; engaged
in raising troops in Pennsylvania and for-
warding them to Virginia. In October,
1781, joined Washington in time to take
part in the surrender of Yorktown by
Cornwallis.

In 1782 he returned to his home at
Westmoreland, and found himself finan-
cially ruined. Was a member of the
Council of Censors in 1783 ; was vendue-
master of Philadelphia ; took his seat in
the Continental Congress, February 20,
1786; elected its president, February 2,
1787. On October 5, 1787, elected first
governor of the newly formed Northwest-
ern Territory, served at Fort Harmer,
Ohio, July 9, 1788. The civil govern-
ment of the Territory was established,
and Governor St. Clair took office at
Marietta, July 15, 1788. Drafted a bill

for the government of the Northwestern
Territory, which was introduced in the
House of Representatives in July, 1789,
passed both houses without opposition.
While in New York to concert measures
with General Knox for the settlement of
the difficulties with the Indians on the
borders, he assisted in the inauguration
of President Washington, April 30, 1789.
In July, 1789, he received a letter from
James Wilson, asking if he would stand
for the presidency of Pennsylvania. Later
in the same year he returned to the west,
and on December 20 started on a trip to
the Illinois country, stopping at Fort
Washington, where, on January 4, 1790,
he issued a proclamation establishing
Hamilton county. Courts were organ-
ized, officers and judges appointed, and
Cincinnati (so named by Governor St.
Clair, it having previously been known as
Losantiville) declared the county seat.
The third county to be laid out was St.
Clair county, April 27, 1790, with Kan-
koski as the county seat. St. Clair con-
ducted the expedition in person into the
Miami country against the Indians, and
in a battle fought November 4, 1791, he
was surprised, and his army fled, but he
was exonerated from all blame. Resigned
his commission in the army, and was suc-
ceeded by General Anthony Wayne.
Early in 1802 charges were preferred
against Governor St. Clair, and on No-
vember 22 he was removed from office
by President Jackson. He then returned
to Pennsylvania, but owing to losses he
was forced to give up his estate, and after
the sale of his home removed to a small
log house on the summit of Chestnut
Ridge, where he passed his remaining
days in great privation. The Pennsyl-
vania legislature granted him $400 a year
in 1813, and in 1817 Congress settled $2,-
000 and a pension of $60 a month upon
him.

He was a member of the American
Philosophical Society; an original mem-

566

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ber of the Society of the Cincinnati, and
president of the State Society for Penn-
sylvania, 1783-89. He was the author of
"A Narrative of the Manner in Which
the Campaign Against the Indians in the
Year 1791 Was Conducted" (1812).

Arthur St. Clair was married in Bos-
ton, in 1759, to Phoebe, daughter of Bel-
thazar and Mary (Bowdoin) Bayard, the
latter named a half sister of Governor
James Bowdoin. He died at Chestnut
Ridge, Pennsylvania, August 31, 1818,
and the Masonic Society erected a monu-
ment to his memory in the cemetery of
Greensburg, Pennsylvania, bearing these
words : "The Earthly Remains of Major-
General Arthur St. Clair are deposited
beneath this humble monument, which is
erected to supply the place of a nobler
one due from his country."

JOHNSTON, William Andrew,
Journalist, Anthor.

Most of the Johnston families now in
Pittsburgh and vicinity are descendants
of several persons of that name who
originally settled in Allegheny, Washing-
ton and Fayette counties, Pennsylvania,
during the early settlement of that part
of the State. There were at least three
emigrant ancestors and probably four or
five, who settled in that part of Pennsyl-
vania, all of whom appear to have had a
common origin. They are all reputed
to be of either Scotch or Scotch-Irish ex-
traction ; and there is much in their his-
tory that leads to the inference that these
first Johnston settlers were descended
from the same Scottish clan.

James Johnston was a soldier in the
war of 1812; he is credited with having
instituted the first "Orient" Masonic
lodge west of the Allegheny Mountains :
and had an original grant of land from
William Penn. His son, William An-
drew Johnston, was a professor in the
Pittsburgh schools, and married Agnes

Parry. She was a daughter of John
Cadwalader Parry, one of the first iron
manufacturers of Pittsburgh ; and a
great-granddaughter of General John
Cadwalader. They had issue, two sons:
I, John Parry Johnston, born July 4,
1869, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; he is
a mechanical engineer, and recently gen-
eral manager of the Watertown, New
York, Engine Company; he married Isa-
bel Mcllhenny, and has two daughters —
Agnes Johnston and Isabel Mcllhenny
Johnston. 2. William Andrew Johnston,
of whom more hereafter.

William Andrew Johnston, son of Wil-
liam Andrew and Agnes (Parry) John-
ston, was born January 26, 1871, in Pitts-
burgh, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania.
He received elementary instruction in
the public schools of Pittsburgh and at-
tended the Western University of Penn-
sylvania, now the University of Pitts-
burgh, from which he graduated A. B.
in 1891. In 1893-94 he published the "In-
dependent," a newspaper at Wilkins-
burg, Pennsylvania ; and 1894 to 1896,
was reporter for New York newspapers,
serving first on the "New York Journal,"
and later on the "New York Press." He
was on the editorial staff of the "New
York Herald" from 1897 to 1900, and be-
came an editor on the staff of the "New
York World" in 1900, since which time
he has continued with that paper. He
is now editor of the "New York Sunday
World," and a contributor to current
periodical literature.

He is the author of "History of the
Spanish War," published in 1898: "His-
tory Up to Date"; "Solomon Sloan's Ad-
vice on How to Run the Universe";
"The Light of Death," a serial, in 1909,
collaborated with Paul West ; "The Yel-
low Letter," a novel, published in 1911;
and "In the Night," in 1913: also "The
Lost Alumnus." He has contributed many
short stories to magazines, and various
articles to the daily press. He is founder

567

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of the Grammar School Field Days, ob- and Jane (McCully) McKelvy. The lad

served in the New York public schools.
He proposed the Fulton Aerial Flight
from Albany to New York, the first in-
ter-city flight in America, for which a
prize of $10,000 was awarded to the win-
ner, in 1909, during the Hudson-Fulton
Celebration at New York. In 1910 and
191 1 he was manager of New York City's
"Safe and Sane Fourth of July Celebra-
tion" ; and is a trustee of the New York
Tercentenary Commission, incorporated
for the celebration of the beginning of
New York City's commerce by charter
dated October 11, 1614, which granted
the exclusive privilege of trading at Man-
hattan during four years. In politics he
is an Independent, and was chairman in
1904 of the Parker Independent League.
He was one of the one hundred represen-
tative citizens selected to represent the
City of New York at the funeral of
Mayor William J. Gaynor in 1913.

He married Hattie Belle McCollum, of
Lockport, New York, April 12, 1910, and
has issue, one son, William Jared John-
ston, born July 24, 1912, in New York
City.

McKELVY, William McCully,
Mannfacturer, Financier,

Among the strong, solid, conservative
and yet progressive business men who
during the last half century made the
commercial history of Pittsburgh, the
late William McCully McKelvy, presi-
dent of the Alpha Portland Cement Com-
pany, occupied a foremost place. For
nearly fifty years Mr. McKelvy was con-
spicuously associated with the manufac-
turing and financial interests of his na-
tive city, where his name was ever re-
garded as a guarantee of honorable deal-
ing.

William McCully McKelvy was born
December i, 1839, in the old Fifth Ward
of Pittsburgh, and was a son of Hugh

was one of the first pupils of the Pitts-
burgh high school, and after completing
his education became a clerk in the of-
fice of his uncle, Daniel Armstrong, who
was then serving as prothonotary of the
county. After the death of his father, in
1864, he took charge of the latter's oil
business, succeeding him as head of the
Peerless Oil Company, subsequently
merged in the Central Refining Com-
pany, and finally purchased by the Stan-
dard Oil Company, its name being then
changed to the Atlantic Refining Com-
pany. Mr. McKelvy was then general
manager, a position which he retained
until 1900, proving himself throughout
the period of his incumbency a progres-
sive, wide-awake business man, of tireless
industry, inexhaustible energy and strict
fidelity to principle, characteristics which
were strikingly exhibited during his en-
tire business career.

After severing his connection with the
Atlantic Refining Company, Mr. McKel-
vy became interested in the cement busi-
ness, being one of the first in the United
States to realize the value of that im-
portant product. He became president
of the Alpha Portland Cement Company,
organized in 1891, when the industry was
in its infancy, subsequently owning and
operating four large plants for the man-
ufacture of Portland cement, and now
ranking as one of the leading cement
producers of the United States. It man-
ufactures but one grade of cement — Al-
pha— known to the trade as a strictly
straight Portland grade. Two of the
plants of the company are situated at Al-
pha, New Jersey, and the other two at
Martin's Creek, Pennsylvania, the rail-
road connections of all four placing the
company in a position to give the very
best service to any part of the country
in the way of prompt shipments, as well
as to reach all points at the lowest pos-
sible freight rates. The immense lime-

568

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

stone quarries of the company are situ-
ated in what is known as the Lehigh Val-
ley Cement Belt, analysis of the stone
showing that it is of the finest composi-
tion in that belt. The deposits are more
uniform in quality than is usually the
case, and on this fact the claim of the
superiority of the cement is based.
Branch offices are maintained in New
York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston,
Baltimore, Buffalo and Pittsburgh.

Endowed with indomitable persever-
ance, boldness of operation and unusual
capacity for judging the motives and
merits of men, Mr. McKelvy speedily
came to be recognized as one of those
forceful, sagacious and resourceful men
in the inmost circle of those closest to
the business concerns and financial inter-
ests which most largely conserved the
growth and progress of the city. His
self-reliance never failed him, and his ac-
curate knowledge of men enabled him to
fill the many branches of his business
with employees who seldom failed to meet
his expectations and who were enthusi-
astically devoted to his interests. His
clear and far-seeing mind enabled him to
grasp every detail of a project, however
great it might be, and he repeatedly
proved himself to be a man dependable
in any relation and any emergency. He
was a director of the Lockhart Iron and
Steel Company and the Pittsburgh Foun-
dry Company, and for many years served
as president of the Third National Bank
of North Side.

In all concerns relative to the city's
welfare, Mr. McKelvy's interest was deep
and sincere and wherever substantial aid
would further public progress it was
freely given. He was identified with the
Republican party, but neither sought nor
accepted office. Nevertheless, as a vigi-
lant and attentive observer of men and
measures, of sound opinions and liberal
views, his ideas carried weight among
those with whom he discussed public

problems. No good work done in the
name of charity or religion sought his co-
operation in vain, and in his work of this
character he brought to bear the same
discrimination and thoroughness that
were manifest in his business life. He
affiliated with the Masonic fraternity. It
has been said of Mr. McKelvy that no
one could come in contact with him with-
out feeling better for the meeting and
acquiring a more kindly disposition
toward his fellow men and the world at
large. No man could be with him long
without becoming his friend. The sunny
smile which illuminated his strong,
thoughtful countenance was the outward
manifestation of a genial nature which
recognized and appreciated the good in
others. His sterling qualities of man-
hood commanded the respect of the en-
tire community.

Mr. McKelvy married (first) Frances
Graham, who died in the year 1888. He
married (second) in Pittsburgh, July
19, 1891, Ella, daughter of Rev. Dr.
J. P. E. and Abigail (Goulding) Kumler.
Dr. Kumler, who died January 2, 1909,
was at one time pastor of the East
Liberty Presbyterian Church. The fol-
lowing children were born to Mr. and
Mrs. McKelvy: William H. ; Frances G.,
of Easton, Pennsylvania ; J. Dwight ;
Charles L. ; and John E. — all of Pitts-
burgh. Mrs. McKelvy, a woman of rare
wifely qualities, was admirably fitted by
her excellent practical mind to be a help-
mate to her husband in his aspirations
and ambitions, and caused him — a man
to whom the ties of home and friendship
were sacred — to find his highest happi-
ness at his own fireside.

The death of Mr. McKelvy. which oc-
curred February 28, 1909, deprived Pitts-
burgh of one who never allowed ques-
tionable methods to form a part of his
business career and over the record of
whose public and private life there falls
no shadow of wrong nor suspicion of

569

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

evil. In passing on to a position of
wealth and prominence never did he ne-
glect an opportunity to assist one less
fortunate than himself, and his life was,
in large measure, an exemplification of
his belief in the brotherhood of mankind.
There are some men the simple story of
whose lives is at once a record and a
eulogy. High on the list of this noble
class of our citizens stands the name of
William McCully McKelvy.

MEADE, George Gordon,

Distinguished Soldier.

General George Gordon Meade was born
December 31, 1815, in Cadiz, Spain, son
of Richard Worsam and Margaret Coates
(Butler) Meade, of a New Jersey family.
He attended a boarding school in Phila-
delphia, and one in Washington City,
taught by Salmon P. Chase. He was
graduated from the U. S. Military Acad-
emy, West Point, in 1835, received his
commission, and was assigned to the
Third Artillery, as lieutenant. He served
in the Seminole War, 1835-36, and re-
signed from the army the same year. In
1836-37 he was assistant engineer in the
construction of the Alabama, Florida &
Georgia railroad; in 1837 surveyed the
Texas northern boundary line ; in 1837-39
was engaged on surveys at the mouth of
the Mississippi river; and in 1840-42
aided in the survey of the United States
and Canada boundaries. In 1842 he was
commissioned lieutenant of topographical
engineers, U. S. A., and in 1843-45 was on
lighthouse construction duty at Philadel-
phia. On the outbreak of the Mexican
war he was ordered to Texas, and accom-
panied the army into Mexico. He was
engaged in the battles of Palo Alto,
Resaca de la Palma, Monterey (receiving
brevet of first lieutenant), and the siege
of Vera Cruz. After the war he returned
to Philadelphia, and engaged in river and
harbor improvement work. He then

served for a time under General Taylor,
in Florida, and was afterward on light-
house construction duty in Delaware Bay
and on the Florida coast, and building
the Delaware breakwater. Later he was
on geodetic survey duty on the Great
Lakes, 1857-61.

The Civil War having broken out, he
was commissioned brigadier-general of
volunteers, August i, 1861, and assigned
to command of the Second Brigade, Penn-
sylvania Reserve Corps ; took part in
battle of Drainsville, December 20, 1861 ;
served in Virginia Peninsular campaign,
and promoted to major of engineers ; was
in battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill
and Glendale, being wounded severely in
the last named. He was on sick leave,
July-August, 1862, then returned to duty
and to command of the First Brigade,
Reynolds' Division, Third Army Corps,
and served under General Pope in the
battel of Manassas, August 29-30, 1862.
He commanded the Third Division, First
Army Corps, under General McClellan,
in the Maryland campaign, and took part
in the battles of South Mountain and An-
tietam ; when General Hooker was wound-
ed he was placed in command of the
corps, and his horse was shot under him.
November 29, 1862, he was promoted to
major-general, U. S. V.; and commanded
the Third Division, First Army Corps, at
Fredericksburg, where he broke the en-
emy's line and had two horses shot under
him. In the Chancellorsville campaign
he commanded the Fifth Army Corps. He
took command of the Army of the Poto-
mac, June 28, 1863, and defeated Lee's
army, July 1-3, for which he received the
thanks of Congress, and the commission
of brigadier-general, U. S. A. He re-
mained in command of the Army of the
Potomac until the close of the war, be-
ing promoted to major-general, U. S. A.,
August 18, 1864. After the conclusion
of peace he was put in command of the
Military Department of the Atlantic, with

570

C^^^^CO. Qy /h<^-^oO(^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

headquarters in Philadelphia. He served
on important military commissions, and
in 1868 was assigned to the command of
the Third Military District, with head-
quarters at Atlanta, Georgia, afterward
returning to the command of the Military
Department of the Atlantic. Harvard
conferred upon him the degree of LL.D.
in 1865; and he was a member of nu-
merous learned societies. He died in
Philadelphia, November 6, 1872. There
are fine equestrian statues of him in Fair-
mount Park, Philadelphia, and on the
Gettysburg battlefield.

General Meade married Margaretta,
daughter of John Sergeant. A son, John
Sergeant Meade, was a brilliant writer,
and a contributor to current literature.
Another son, George Meade, was a pri-
vate in the Eighth Pennsylvania Regi-
ment, was promoted to captain, and
served as aide on his father's staff; he
was subsequently a broker in Philadel-
phia.

RIMES, Charles Francis, Ph.D., LL.D.,
Educator, Scientist.

This widely known scientist and
highly successful teacher was born in
Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, June 2,
1838, and is of early Pennsylvania-Ger-
man stock. The immigrant ancestor,
Willem Heim, came to Philadelphia by
way of Rotterdam, from the Palatinate,
in 1730. The father of our subject, Wil-
liam D. Himes, was born in New Ox-
ford, Adams county, 1812, and, like his
father, George Himes, before him, was
largely interested in real estate, includ-
ing iron works, and in some business en-
terprises was closely associated with
Thaddeus Stevens. He married Magda-
len Lanius, of York, a daughter of Chris-
tian Lanius and Anna (Von Updegraff)
Lanius, whose immigrant ancestor, Jacob
Lanius, came from the Palatinate in 1731,
and was in part of Huguenot descent.

Charles Francis Himes was brought
up in New Oxford, Pennsylvania, where
he enjoyed unusual educational advan-
tages at an academy established by Dr.
M. D. G. Pfeiffer, a highly cultured, pub-
lic spirited, well known German physi-
cian, a graduate of the University at Ber-
lin. His pupil always attributed to this
training his graduation as A.B. at the
age of seventeen, with high credit, at
Dickinson College, which he had entered
in the sophomore year. On leaving col-
lege he taught mathematics and natural
science in an academy for a year; then
went to Missouri, where he taught in
the public schools, and read law at the
same time, with the intention of settHng
in that State. During a visit to the east
he was persuaded to resume teaching
there, and after being connected with the
Baltimore Female College for a year, he
became Professor of Mathematics in
Troy University, Troy, New York, 1860-
63. From that position he went to the
L'niversity at Giessen, Germany, to pros-
ecute scientific studies in its then cele-
brated laboratories.

In the fall of 1865 he returned to
America to enter upon the professorship
of Natural Science in Dickinson College,
to which he had been unanimously
elected by the board of trustees, and at
the urgent request of the faculty of the
college. He at once proposed and car-
ried out successfully elective laboratory
courses in the junior and senior years,
which were, according to the National
Commissioner of Education, among the
very first of their kind in the country;
and by pen and addresses he advocated
the New Education of the day. By his
persistent advocacy of enlarged facilities
for instruction in science in the greatly
expanded department, he was largely in-
strumental in the erection of the Tome
Scientific Building, and at its opening in
1885 made the address defining its pur-
pose. Upon the division of the depart-

571

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ment at that time, he assumed the chair
of physics, and a complete Laboratory
Course in Physics was added to the col-
lege curriculum. In 1896 he resigned his
position, largely, as he stated, on account
of the serious demand upon his time by
the purely routine work of a professor-
ship. The board of trustees and faculty
of the college conferred upon him the
degree of Doctor of Laws "in recogni-
tion of his attainments and great services
to the college." The graduating class un-
veiled, as part of its class-day exercises,
with expressions of their affection and es-
teem, a portrait of him, presented by it
to the college.

The consensus of opinion of the alumni
of the thirty-one years of his professor-
ship seems to be that his success as a
teacher was due to the personal rather
than conventional methods employed,
not confined by the text-book, and in-
spiring to thoughtful study; whilst as a
disciplinarian he was eminently success-
ful by reason of his friendly but digni-
fied course with the students which ren-
dered any resort to the usual pains and
penalties unnecessary. He was acting
president of the college frequently, at
one time for nearly a year.

As he had enjoyed much the social life
of the old world as well as its scientific
advantages, he found it a pleasure to re-
visit it with his family — 1872, 1883, 1890;
and, as he had from an early day taken
great interest in the science of photogra-
phy, the camera formed a valuable ad-
junct in these visits for valuable notes,
and also a series of instructive photo-
graphs of the glaciers of the Zermatt
region of Switzerland. The practice of
photography for its educational value
and as an aid in scientific investigation
was given a place in the Physical Labor-
atory. He also organized and conducted
(1884-85) a very successful summer
School of Photography at Mt. Lake
Park, Maryland, the first of its kind.

Among his numerous published ad-
dresses may be mentioned: "Photogra-
phy as an Educational Means," before
the Congress at the Columbian Exposi-
tion, 1893 ; "Actinism," International
Electrical Exhibition ; "Science in the
Common Schools," Pennsylvania State
Teachers' Association ; "The Scientific
Expert in Forensic Procedure," Frank-
lin Institute, Philadelphia, and Dickin-
son School of Law ; "Scientific Theories
and Creeds," Institute of Christian Phil-
osophy; "Making of Photography," sev-
enty-fifth anniversary of the Franklin In-
stitute ; "The Stereoscope and its Appli-
cations" ; "Phenomenon of the Horizon-
tal Moon and Convergency of the Optic
Axes," New York Academy of Sciences ;
"Methods and Results of Observations of
the Total Eclipse of the Sun, 1869," and
"Report of the U. S. Government Expe-
dition Stationed at Ottumwa, Iowa";
"German Influence in Pennsylvania,"
presidential address before the Pennsyl-
vania-German Society; "The True John
Dickinson" ; "Col. Robert Magaw and Ft.
Washington" ; "History of Dickinson
College, more particularly of its Scientific
Department"; "Photo-Record Work";
"Will's Tables for Qualitative Analysis,
translated and enlarged," three editions;
"Hand-Book of Photographic Printing";
"Bunsen's Flame Reactions," translation;
etc., etc. From 1872 to 1879 he was asso-
ciated with Professor S. F. Baird, of the
Smithsonian Institution, in the prepara-
tion of the "Record of Science and Indus-
try," and for a number of years was asso-
ciate editor of the Phot. Archv. (Ger-
man). Since his retirement from the col-
lege he has been much interested in his-
torical research, and has published a
number of papers, and has been for a
number of years president of the Histori-
cal Society of Cumberland County. In-
cidentally to this he has given much at-
tention to photo-ceramic work, in connec-
tion with permanent historical records.

572

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

A series of lectures before the Dickin-
son School of Law on the "Life and
Times of Judge Thomas Cooper" is in
course of publication. Among the socie-
ties of which he is a member may be
named : American Philosophical Society,
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Penn-
sylvania History Club, Philadelphia Pho-
tographic Society, honorary member of
the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, New
York Academy of Sciences, Maryland
Academy of Sciences; Fellow of Ameri-
can Association for Advancement of Sci-
ence; Pennsylvania-German Society; V.
A. Deutsh. Studenten Amer., etc.

Professor Himes married, January 2,
1868, Mary E. Murray, daughter of Rev.
Joseph A. Murray, D.D., a prominent
minister of the Presbyterian church. One
daughter, Mary Murray, is the wife of
Thomas E. Vale, Esq. ; and another, Anna
Magdalen, is the wife of Rev. George V.
Metzel.

TOWNSEND, David Cooper Ogden,
Iieadimg Dealer in Frecions Stones.

The Townsends have been conspicu-
ous in English history for some eight
hundred years, and, too, they have been
no less distinguished on American soil,
for more than two hundred years. The
Townsends or Townshends of Great
Britain trace their origin back to 1066,
when William the Conqueror, upon the
conquest of England by the Normans,
distributed the lands taken in conquest
among the military chieftains who aided
him in their subjugation. From that
time to the discovery of America, the
Townsends were often foremost in the
ranks of civil and military achievement.
The family were zealous Protestants
from the dawn of the Reformation down
to the end of that long drawn-out contest.
One of the name, Richard Townsend, held
the rank of colonel under Cromwell ; and
commanded the army in Cornwall, which

besieged and captured the castle of Pen-
dennis. Colonel Townsend's descendants
are very numerous in Ireland, and held
large estates, including the castle of
Townsend, on a promontory along the
coast of Cork, which projects into the
Irish sea.

Both Irish and English emigrants of
the name came to America. Among the
early emigrants of Boston and vicinity
were William, Thomas, John, Henry, and
Richard Townsend, all supposed to be
brothers. It is certainly known that
John, Henry and Richard Townsend were
of the same family, and were all persons
of good repute among the early colonists ;
however, William Townsend was one of
a number who were disarmed on account
of their effort to protect Mrs. Ann
Hutchinson, Wheelwright, and others, in
their enjoyment of religious liberty.
John, Richard and Henry Townsend were
persecuted as Quakers at Jamaica and
Flushing, Long Island, during the fierce
religious conflicts between the English
settlers of those places and the officials
of New Amsterdam. John and Henry
Townsend were particularly distinguished
for their love of religious liberty, and
cherished with great veneration the prin-
ciples of the Quakers. They were perse-
cuted not only by the Dutch colonial gov-
ernment, but equally by the Puritans of
Boston and Plymouth, in their efforts to
stamp out the "abominable sect called
Quakers."

The three brothers John, Henry and
Richard Townsend were given the alter-
native of exile or imprisonment, and left
Flushing to take up their residence at
Warwick, Rhode Island. In that place
Richard was made sergeant in 1648, con-
stable in 1652, and was thereafter a rep-
resentative for several years. In 1650
Henry was chosen assistant, afterwards
town councilman, and in 1653 a represen-
tative in the Assembly. John was con-
stable in 1650 and a representative for

573

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

some years thereafter. After a time they
returned to Flushing, but were again
molested, so John and Henry removed
to Oyster Bay and settled there, out of
the jurisdiction of the Dutch authorities,
while Richard established himself at Paw-
tucket, Rhode Island, in 1658, and re-
mained there until 1667, when he, with
Christopher Hawkshurst and Joseph Car-
penter, joined John and Henry Townsend
at Oyster Bay, Long Island. The latter
had in 1661 received grants of land as
proprietors of the town for land on the
stream called Mill river, where they
erected a mill, and the property has
remained in the hands of their descend-
ants ever since. In the end, all three
brothers became large land owners in
different parts of the town, and their
descendants were numerous on Long
Island.

The Townsends intermarried with
many noted old families on Long Island,
and the three brothers above mentioned
were the ancestors of many Long Island
and other Townsend families elsewhere.
George Craft Townsend was a descend-
ant of the Long Island Townsends. He
lived in Philadelphia, and married Beulah
Ogden of that city, by whom he had a
son, of whom more hereafter. She was
a descendant of Private Samuel Ogden
(1746-1821), who served in Captain Abel
Weyman's company, Second Regiment of
New Jersey Line, under Colonel Israel
Shreve, at Yorktown, Virginia, in the cap-
ture of Lord Cornwallis.

David Cooper Ogden Townsend, son of
George C. and Beulah (Ogden) Town-
send, was born T^Iay 30, 1851, in Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania. He was educated at
the public schools of Philadelphia and at
the Central High School there. After
leaving school he served an apprentice-
ship to the jeweler's trade, and made a
study of precious and semi-precious
stones. In 1880 he came to New York
and became a diamond merchant; he later

organized the firm of David C. O. Town-
send & Company in New York ; after-
ward he opened branches in London
and Amsterdam, dealers in diamonds,
and is the head of the above-mentioned
firm.

He married (first) INIay Lynde Shipley,
in 1871, at Philadelphia, who died in 1892,
and married (second) Jean Kirkpatrick,
daughter of Thomas Kirkpatrick, in 1902,
New York City. No issue of either mar-
riage ; however, he adopted his sister's
son, who is known as Innes Loughlin
Townsend, and who is a member of
the diamond firm of David C. O. Towns-
end, of New York, Amsterdam and
London.

Mr. Townsend is independent in poli-
tics, and has never aspired to public of-
fice ; he is a communicant of Old Trinity
Protestant Episcopal Church, New York,
and a member of various social and busi-
ness organizations, namely : The "24
Karat" Club of New York ; the Jewelers'
Board of Trade of New York ; the Cham-
ber of Commerce ; the Metropolitan Mu-
seum of Art; the Museum of Natural His-
tory; the Pennsylvania Society in New
York; the Colonial Society of Pennsyl-
vania; and the Sons of the Revolution of
New York.

WILSON, Joseph R.,

Lavryer, Originator of "A Chapel in Every
Home."

Few men have shown greater fidelity
to a lofty ideal, or more zeal in their ef-
forts to accomplish its realization, than
Mr. Joseph R. Wilson, whose earnest
plea for "A Chapel in Every Home" has
enlisted the interest and support of
thinkers throughout the world. The
scope and significance of the idea has
been fully developed in Mr. Wilson's
book, "A Chapel in Every Home." This
volume contains many letters from dis-
tinguished men, laymen and dignitaries

574

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of the church, expressive of their un-
qualified approval of the movement. The
work is attracting wide attention in the
religious world, and the author has re-
ceived letters of endorsement from three
cardinals, thirteen archbishops, one hun-
dred and fifty-seven bishops, the presi-
dents of twenty-eight of the prominent
universities, colleges and seminaries of
the United States, and from many of the
leading churchmen of all denominations.
Writing in commendation of Mr. Wil-
son's proposition, the late Dr. George
Dana Boardman says : "If pagan Rome
had domestic shrines for household gods,
surely Christian America ought to have
domestic shrines for one God." The
moral influence of such an ideal is incal-
culable, and its crystallization into an ac-
cepted practice or custom would mark a
long step toward the realization of the
dream which the Christian church has
cherished through many centuries — the
dream of Christianizing the whole world.
As an agency for the promotion of social
and intellectual as well as religious ad-
vancement, it is worthy the consideration
of philosophers and students of social con-
ditions. In the household chapel the nat-
ural and usually repressed reverence of
the human heart would find freedom for
expression. With a room in the house
dedicated to worship and pervaded by an
atmosphere of religious tranquility many
of the evil influences which create un-
happiness in the household would dis-
appear. A chapel in the home would
strengthen a love for religious worship
and would form a link between home
and church.

Mr. Joseph R. Wilson, the originator
of this beautiful idea, and its enthusias-
tic propagandist, was born September 6,
1866, at Liverpool, England. His father
was Joseph Wilson, senior partner in the
firm of J. and R. Wilson, shipowners, and
his mother was Alary Amanda Victoria
(Hawkes) Wilson. His education was

obtained at Allsops Preparatory School,
Holyoke, Cheshire, England ; Strathallan
Hall, Douglas, Isle of Man; and at the
University of Sydney, New South Wales.
L;pon the death of his father in 1888,
Mr. Wilson came to the United States
and located in the city of Philadelphia,
where he was for some time engaged in
engineering work, and in scientific re-
search in which he established a solid
reputation by his original work. In 1896
he became financial and railroad editor
of the "Philadelphia Evening Bulletin,"
in which capacity he remained until 1898,
when he entered the law office of Hamp-
ton L. Carson as a student. In the fol-
lowing year he entered the Law School
of the University of Pennsylvania, from
which he was graduated with the degree
of LL.B., and was admitted to the bar
in 1902. He at once began the practice
of his profession, in which during the
succeeding years he has achieved an un-
usual degree of success. During his stu-
dent days at the University he was
chosen president of his law class for
three successive years, and was president
of the Miller Law Club of the University,
and after his graduation was made chair-
man of its advisory board, serving from
1909 to 191 1. He has frequently been
chosen as chairman of committees to
receive distinguished guests of the
University and recently was chairman
of the Committee of the Trans-Atlan-
tic Society of America which gave a
notable farewell dinner to Ambassador
Brj'ce.

Mr. Wilson is a trustee of the Ameri-
can Oncologic Hospital and chairman of
its finance committee ; director of the
Philadelphia Rescue Home; member of
the American Academy of Political and
Social Science, Trans-Atlantic of America
(of which he has been one of the gover-
nors since 1909), Permanent International
Association of Navigation Congresses,
Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association,

575

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

National Municipal League, Historical
Society of Pennsylvania, Public Educa-
tion Association, National Geographical
Society, Geographical Society of Philadel-
phia, American University Extension So-
ciety, Pennsylvania Arbitration and
Peace Society, Philadelphia Bar Associa-
tion, Law Association, Law Academy,
Pennsylvania Law Association, and So-
ciety of the Law Alumni of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, of which he is one
of the board of managers. As a member
of the Atlantic Deeper Waterways Asso-
ciation he was a delegate to the National
Congress of Harbors and Rivers held in
Washington in 1909, 1910 and 1912. He
is a thirty-second degree Mason, being a
member of University Lodge, No. 610, F.
and A. M., and the Philadelphia Consis-
tory. He has twice served as national
president of the Acacia fraternity, which
draws its membership exclusively from
college men who are Master Masons. In
1908 he was a delegate from the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania Chapter to the grand
conclave held at the University of Illi-
nois, and there was elected grand presi-
dent, to which office he was re-elected at
the conclave held at the University of
Pennsylvania the following year. He is
an honorary member of the Harvard,
Yale and Columbia chapters of this fra-
ternity, and is a member of the Delta
LTpsilon fraternity. Mr. Wilson's clubs
are the University, Manufacturers', City
Young Republicans', Houston, Yachts-
men's, Overbrook Golf, Church and
Scranton. He is also a life member of
the Cosmopolitan Club of the University
of Pennsylvania.

He was married, in 1890, to Miss Cora
Irene Shaw, daughter of the late Thomas
Shaw, of Shawmont, Pennsylvania, and
has four children — Mary Michelet, John
Hawkes, Sidney Violet and Cora B. H.
Wilson. His residence is at Overbrook,
Pennsylvania, and during the summer at
Sea Side Park, New Jersey.

576

CALDWELL, John,

Mannfaotnrer, Financier.

In contemplating the splendor of the
last half century of Pittsburgh's exist-
ence we are, perhaps, not sufficiently
mindful of her earlier history and of the
pioneers who made it. Seventy-five and
one hundred years ago there were in that
city men whose work and influence raised
her to the rank of the metropolis of Penn-
sylvania, and among these stalwart busi-
ness men of the olden time none played
a more useful or honorable part than did
the late John Caldwell, a pioneer tanner
and lumber dealer, and officially con-
nected with a number of the leading in-
dustrial concerns and financial institu-
tions of the Pittsburgh of that day. Mr.
Caldwell was also actively and promi-
nently identified with the political and
religious life of his home city.

John Caldwell was born, 1790, at New-
tonlimavady, County Londonderry, Ire-
land, and was a son of James and Sarah
(Wilson) Caldwell, who were of Scotch
ancestry. In 1804, his wife being de-
ceased, James Caldwell emigrated to the
United States, bringing with him John,
his only child, then a lad of fourteen.
Mr. Caldwell settled in Pittsburgh, where
he engaged in the tanning business. After
his death, which occurred a year or two
later, the boy was sent to Philadelphia,
where he was apprenticed to a tanner and
currier, acquiring a thorough knowledge
of the business in all its branches.

On his return to Pittsburgh Mr. Cald-
well took charge of the business estab-
lished by his father and conducted it suc-
cessfully until the period of his retire-
ment, his last tannery being situated at
the upper end of Allegheny. He also en-
gaged, with profitable results, in the lum-
ber industry. For many years Mr. Cald-
well presented to the community the ex-
ample of a man whose energy and in-
tegrity not only helped to develop the

/in O^'/u/d^f U

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

trade and commerce of his city but gave
it an enviable reputation for fair dealing
and honorable methods. As a citizen Mr.
Caldwell demonstrated his public spirit
by actual services which advanced the
prosperity and wealth of the community.
He was one of the first trustees of the
Pittsburgh Gas Company, and for many
years was a director in the Bank of Pitts-
burgh. He was also a stockholder in the
first Allegheny bridge and a director of
the Monongahela Bridge Company. To
whatever he undertook he gave his whole
soul, allowing none of the many interests
intrusted to his care to suffer for want of
close and able attention and industry.

Politically, Mr. Caldwell was first a
Whig, and afterward a Republican. He
took an intelligent and intense interest in
public affairs, and his rapidity of judg-
ment enabled him, in the midst of inces-
sant business activity, to give, on ques-
tions of moment, counsel of genuine value.
In 1815 he was one of the five selectmen
of the borough of Pittsburgh, and after
a city charter was secured became a
member of the council and a director of
the public schools of the First Ward,
where he lived. He was an earnest mem-
ber of the Presbyterian church.

This liberal, clear-headed manufacturer
represented a type the value of which, to
Pittsburgh or to any other city, it is im-
possible to estimate. Every man, from
the merchant prince down to the toiling
laborer, receives benefit from them. Es-
pecially is this true in the case of a man
like Mr. Caldwell, who strikingly demon-
strated the fact in his attitude toward his
employees. Never did he fall into the
grave error of regarding them merely as
parts of a great machine, but, on the con-
trary, his recognition of their individual-
ity and readiness to reward with promo-
tion their efficient service won for him
their warm and loyal attachment. Of fine
personal appearance and of a genial and
sympathetic nature, Mr. Caldwell was a

man who made friends easily and held
them long. His fidelity was never ques-
tioned. He was a man who kept his word
absolutely.

Mr. Caldwell married, in 1812, Letitia,
daughter of William and Ann (Cann)
Anderson, who came from the neighbor-
hood of Belfast, Ireland ; of their thirteen
children ten arrived at maturity. These
were: Mary, Agnes, Kate, James, Nelly
G., Sarah Ann ; William, a sketch and
portrait of whom appear elsewhere in this
work ; John, Letitia ; and Charles L., who
died June 2, 1889. All these children are
now deceased with the exception of Le-
titia, who became the wife of James
Holmes, and is now the sole survivor of
these ten brothers and sisters. She is a
woman of great intelligence and most
charitable disposition, and enjoys the cor-
dial attachment of a large circle of friends.

One of the most marked features in
the character of John Caldwell was the
strength of his domestic affections. In
his wife, who was one of those rare
women presenting the combination of per-
fect womanliness and domesticity with
an unerring judgment, he found not alone
a charming companion but a trusted con-
fidante. Both Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell were
essentially home-lovers and delighted in
entertaining their friends.

The death of Mr. Caldwell deprived
Pittsburgh of a man who possessed a
high order of business ability and whose
public spirit was such that he never ne-
glected, in advancing individual prosper-
ity, to promote the progress and welfare
of the community. His public and pri-
vate life were alike free from the slight-
est blemish and he possessed the absolute
confidence and highest esteem of his fel-
low-citizens. To her business men of the
early decades of the nineteenth century
Pittsburgh owes an immense and never-
to-be-forgotten debt of gratitude. Many of
them belonged to the aggressive and in-
domitable Scotch-Irish race. Of this

577

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

number was John Caldwell. His work
and influence bore the stamp of his ances-
tral traits and his name lives with honor
in the annals of his adopted city.

FAIRLAMB, John Franklin,
Railroad Official.

The emigrant ancestor of the Fairlamb
family in Chester county, Pennsylvania,
was Nicholas Fairlamb, who brought a
certificate from Friends of Stockton, in
county Durham, England. This certifi-
cate was dated 6 mo. 13, 1700, or Au-
gust 13, 1700, and he is supposed to have
arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a
few weeks later, or in the autumn of that
year. He went to Middletown, Chester
county, where he settled for some years,
probably; and then resided at Chester,
where he was clerk of the Friends'
Monthly Meeting for several years, and
an overseer of the Chester Meeting. He
served as a member of Assembly from
Chester county in 1704-06; again, 171 1-
14; and was high sheriflf of Chester, now
Delaware, county, 1716-18, in which ca-
pacity he seized lands under an execution
granted by the court, August 30, 1717,
and sold the same to David Lloyd, of
Chester, by deed of February 24. 1717-18,
for land in Upper Uwchlan township,
Chester county. His name is on the as-
sessment list for Chester in 1715; and
March i, 1711, he and his wife joined in
deed executed by Richard Crosby and
wife Eleanor to William Pennell, for 275
acres of land in Middletown township,
Chester county, Pennsylvania. He mar-
ried, in 1703, Katherine, daughter of
Richard and Eleanor Crosby, of Middle-
town; and had six children, namely: i.
Mary Fairlamb. born 7 mo. 19, 1705;
married John Tomlinson. 2. Samuel
Fairlamb, born 10 mo. 20, 1707, died 5
,mo. 20, 1708. 3. Katherine Fairlamb,
born 4 mo. 8, 1709; married Joseph Tom-
linson. 4. Hannah Fairlamb, born 8 mo.

19, 1711; married John Hurford. 5. John
Fairlamb, of whom more hereafter. 6.
Eleanor Fairlamb, married, 4 mo. 23,
1743, Caleb Harrison.

John Fairlamb, son of Nicholas and
Katherine (Crosby) Fairlamb, was born
in Chester county, Pennsylvania, about
1714. He was a member of the Assembly
for Chester county; high sheriff; and a
justice of the Court of Common Pleas in
Chester county. He died there in 1766,
leaving a surviving widow and nine chil-
dren. He married Susanna, daughter of
Frederick and Ann (Cloud) Engle, 11
mo. 13, 1742-3, probably in Chester,
Pennsylvania. She married (second)
Robert Pennell. Issue of Susanna (En-
gle) Fairlamb : Nicholas Fairlamb : Fred-
erick Fairlamb, of whom more hereafter;
Samuel Fairlamb ; John Fairlamb ; Cath-
erine Fairlamb ; Ann Fairlamb ; Susanna
Fairlamb ; Eleanor Fairlamb ; Mary Fair-
lamb.

Frederick Fairlamb, son of John and
Susanna Fairlamb, was born in 1745, and
died May 12, 1826, aged eighty years
nine months twenty-eight days. He was
a shoemaker by trade, but employed
journeymen to work for him, doing little
of the actual work himself. During the
later years of his life he followed farm-
ing, and owned land in IMiddletown town-
ship, Delaware county, Pennsylvania,
which he devised to his sons Robert and
William ; also other lands in Mercer
county, Pennsylvania, and in Randolph
county, Virginia, which he gave to his
sons Robert and Joseph. His homestead
was in the southern part of Middletown
township, and he, with his family, at-
tended the Chester Meeting of Friends.
He married Mary, daughter of Robert
and Hannah (Chamberlain) Pennell, De-
cember 10, 1767, at the Middletown
Monthly Meeting of Friends, Delaware
county, Pennsylvania. She was born
January 12, 1747-8, in Middletown; died
there November 20, 1818; and had issue.

578

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

nine children, namely: i. John Fairlamb,
who died young, or unmarried. 2. Robert
Fairlamb, born July 31, 1770; married
Mary Harry, and died October 10, 1841.
3. Hannah Fairlamb, married Elias En-
gle. 4. William Fairlamb, born January
2, 1777; married Elizabeth Walter, and
died March 12, 1850. 5. Joseph Fairlamb,
of whom more hereafter. 6. Susanna
Fairlamb, born April 13, 1782, died Au-
gust 18, 1853 ; married Nathaniel Walker.
7. Nicholas Fairlamb. born April 6, 1784;
married Mary Walter, and died July 4,
1854. 8. Ann Fairlamb, born February
5, 1786, died February 2, 1864; married
Joseph Hannum. 9. Mary P. Fairlamb,
born December 16, 1788, died March 20,
1832 ; married Jesse Walter.

Joseph Fairlamb, son of Frederick and
Mary (Pennell) Fairlamb, was born Oc-
tober 2, 1779, in Middletown township,
Delaware county, Pennsylvania. He was
brought up on his father's farm, himself
a farmer, who resided on a farm adjoin-
ing his father's homestead in Middle-
town, Delaware county. He died there
March 17, 1842, and was buried at the
Chester Meeting house. He married Sid-
ney, daughter of Thomas and Hannah
(Evans) Vernon, of Delaware county, in
1814. She was born October 12, 1794,
died May 27, 1880, at the residence of
her son, Alfred Fairlamb, and was buried
in the Chester Rural Cemetery. Issue of
Sidney (Vernon) Fairlamb: i. Thomas
V. Fairlamb, born December 24, 1814;
married Margaret Patterson, and died in
1850. 2. Robert Fairlamb, born Septem-
ber 4, 1816: married Lydia J. Haslett,
and died July 20, 1880. 3. Samuel E.
Fairlamb, born October 9, 1818; married
Frances Kreider. 4. Nathaniel V. Fair-
lamb, born October 21, 1820; married
Mary Ellen McClure. 5. Henry V. Fair-
Iamb, born November 23, 1822; married
Jane Kee. 6. Frederick Fairlamb, born
February 14, 1825 ; married M. Malvina
Patterson, and died December 26, 1878.

7. Charles Fairlamb, of whom more here-
after. 8. Isaiah Heston Fairlamb, born
October 31, 1829, died in February, 1863,
unmarried. 9. Sidney Fairlamb, born
December 19, 1831, died December 21,
1831. ID. Joseph Fairlamb, twin with
preceding; married (first) Sarah T.
Broomall, (second) Mary Strickland. 11.
Humphrey A. Fairlamb, born February
5, 1833 ; served in Pennsylvania volun-
teers in the Civil War; married Mary El-
len Madgin, and left issue. 12. Alfred
Fairlamb, born September 9, 1835 : was a
soldier in one of the Pennsylvania volun-
teer regiments in the Civil War ; married
Lydia M. Slater, died November 5, 1880,
and left issue. 13. Catherine Fairlamb,
born December 21, 1837; was living in
1913, unmarried. 14. Harrison Fairlamb,
born May 9, 1841 ; married Elizabeth
Woodrow, and lived at Wilmington,
Delaware.

Charles Fairlamb, son of Joseph and
Sidney (Vernon) Fairlamb, was born
April 20, 1827, in Middletown township,
Delaware county, Pennsylvania. He was
brought up on his father's farm, and re-
ceived such education as was afforded in
the public schools of his native county.
He lived in Upper Providence township,
near Media, for some years, then farmed
a place belonging to J. Edgar Thomson,
in Springfield township, from i860 to
1867, and removed from thence to Ches-
ter, Pennsylvania. He held the oflSce of
school director in Middletown and
Springfield townships for many years.
He married Mary Craig Vanleer, daugh-
ter of John and Jane (Craig) Vanleer, of
Middletown township. May 11, 1853, at
Chester, Delaware county, Pennsylvania.
She was born July 14. 1823, in Providence
township, died May 26, 1864, in Spring-
field township, Delaware county, Penn-
sylvania, and is descended from John
George and Mary Von Lohr, who were
the ancestors of the Vanleer family in
Pennsylvania. They emigrated from the

579

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Electorate of Hesse, at or near Isenberg,
in 1797, bringing with them their chil-
dren, among whom was Bernhardus or
Bernhard Van Leer, who later became a
noted physician in Philadelphia, married
twice, had fourteen children, and died
January 26, 1790, aged one hundred and
four years. Children of Mary Craig Van-
leer and Charles Fairlamb: i. Margaretta
V. Fairlamb, born March 25, 1854, in
Delaware county, Pennsylvania, died in
1876, aged forty-two years. 2. John
Franklin Fairlamb, of whom more here-
after. 3. Mary Fairlamb, born November
I/' 1857, died same day. 4. Emma V.
Fairlamb, born November i, 1859, died
January 26, 1883, unmarried.

John Franklin Fairlamb, son of Charles
and Mary Craig (Vanleer) Fairlamb, was
born November 12, 1855, in Middletown
township, near Media Post Office, Dela-
ware county, Pennsylvania. He received
such education as was aflforded by the
public schools of Delaware county, Penn-
sylvania, and took a course at Chester
Academy, at Chester, Pennsylvania. Soon
after leaving school he secured a position
as clerk in the office of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company in Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania. In 1884 he was employed by
the New York Central & Hudson River
Railroad Company in New York, and has
served that company in various positions
of trust for some thirty years. In 1910
he became auditor of miscellaneous ac-
counts, which position in 1913 he still
held.

He married Olivia Smillie Moore,
daughter of John G. and Elizabeth (Lip-
pincott) Moore, April 27, 1886, in Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania. She was born
May, i860, in Bucks county, Pennsyl-
vania, and has issue: i. Martha Moore
Fairlamb, born July 27, 1887, in Newark,
New Jersey. 2. Margaret Fairlamb, born
July 26, 1892, at Yonkers, New York. 3.
John Franklin Fairlamb, born in January,
1901, and died the same year.

From about 1872 to 1876, while still
residing in Delaware county, Pennsyl-
vania, Mr. Fairlamb was a member of
Company B, 6th Infantry Regiment,
Pennsylvania National Guard, and at-
tained the rank of sergeant. He is presi-
dent of the Railroad Building and Loan
Association, of New York, and a member
of the Transportation Club of New York
City.

CARNAHAN, Jay Wilson,

Manufacturer, Man of AfFalra.

For forty years there were few busi-
ness men in Pittsburgh better known or
more highly respected than the late Jay
Wilson Carnahan, whose extensive boot
and shoe establishment in Market street
constituted, during the latter half of the
nineteenth century, one of the mercantile
landmarks of the city. Mr. Carnahan,
during his long residence in Pittsburgh,
was identified not only with her business
interests but with her political, social and
religious life.

Jay Wilson Carnahan was born Janu-
ary 30, 1828, in Westmoreland county,
Pennsylvania, and was the youngest of
the seven children of Thomas and Mary
(Kinley) Carnahan. His education was
received in schools of the neighborhood,
and in early life he removed to Pitts-
burgh. In the early 50's he crossed the
plains to California and Oregon in search
of health, and after an absence of three or
four years returned by the Nicaragua
route. After some time spent in various
employments, he engaged in 1856 in the
boot and shoe business, his establishment
being situated in Market street, and there,
to the close of his life, he conducted a
flourishing trade, making for himself a
place among the best and most successful
merchants of the Iron City. In his busi-
ness career capable management, unfal-
tering enterprise and a spirit of justice
were well-balanced factors, every depart-

580

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ment being carefully systematized in or-
der to avoid all needless expenditure of
time, material and labor. He was far too
kindly and fairminded a man ever to make
the serious mistake of regarding his em-
ployees merely as parts of a great ma-
chine, but, on the contrary, he recognized
their individuality, making it a rule that
faithful and efficient service should be
promptly rewarded with promotion as op-
portunity offered. He was a director for
many years of the Diamond National
Bank, of the National Casket Company,
and connected with several other banks
and corporations, in all of which he was
quite active.

In all things pertaining to the welfare
of his home city Mr. Carnahan's interest
was deep and sincere, and wherever sub-
stantial aid would further public progress
it was freely given. A Democrat in poli-
tics, he could never be induced to accept
office, but ever gave loyal support to all
measures which he deemed calculated to
promote the best interests of Pittsburgh.
He was affiliated with the Masonic fra-
ternity, being a member of Pittsburgh
Commandery No. i, Knights Templar,
and a thirty-second degree ]Mason. Ever
ready to respond to any deserving call
made upon him, he was widely but un-
ostentatiously charitable. He gave to a
number of institutions the support of his
influence and means, and was an active
member of Emory Methodist Episcopal
Church, and for years one of its board
of trustees.

Among the leading characteristics of
Mr. Carnahan was indomitable persever-
ance, combined with unfailing self-re-
liance, unusual capacity for judging the
motives and merits of men, and integrity
which was never questioned. These ster-
ling qualities were strongly imprinted on
his countenance, which was also expres-
sive of the genial disposition which sur-
rounded him with loyal friends. His man-
ner was alert and decisive, but invariably

courteous, showing him to be what he
was — an able, aggressive business man
and a true gentleman.

Mr. Carnahan married (first) Malvina,
daughter of John Christian and Caroline
(von Westphalen) Schmertz. Child by
this marriage : William E. Carnahan, a
prominent business man of Pittsburgh,
who married Melissa Stewart, daughter
of the late Frederick and Melissa P. Mc-
Kee; he was associated with his father in
the shoe business for the last twenty-
eight years of his father's life, and has
been for some years director and actively
connected with the National Casket Com-
pany, of which he is now chairman of its
finance committee. Mr. Carnahan mar-
ried (second) Anne Greer, daughter of
Samuel and Anne (Thompson) Greer, of
Pittsburgh. Child by this marriage: Miss
Carrie Jay Carnahan. Mr. Carnahan mar-
ried (third) Matilda J. Greer, sister of
his second wife. Children by this mar-
riage : Ella M. ; Harry H. H., deceased ;
and Bessie G., deceased.

It was at his own fireside that Mr. Car-
nahan passed his happiest hours, his do-
mestic affections being of uncommon
strength, and he was devoted to his home
and family. Mrs. Carnahan and the
Misses Carnahan are popular in Pitts-
burgh society and are active in charitable
enterprises.

The death of Air. Carnahan, which oc-
curred September 7, 1894, deprived Pitts-
burgh of one of her foremost citizens and
most respected business men. Honorable
in purpose, fearless in conduct, and of
stainless character in every relation of
life, he presented to the community an ex-
ample worthy of emulation. His every
action was in accordance with the highest
principles, he fulfilled to the letter every
trust committed to him and was generous
in his feelings and conduct toward all.
The career of Jay Wilson Carnahan fur-
nishes a striking instance of the effective-
ness of quiet force when combined with

581

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

unblemished character. Both as business
man and citizen he contributed to the up-
building and strengthening of the ele-
ments essential to the life and well-being
of his community, and Pittsburgh to-day
holds his memory in honor.

BROWN, Dickson Queen,

Man of Affairs, Financier.

Dickson Queen Brown, whose busi-
ness address is at No. ii Broadway, New
York City, has shown an amount of ex-
ecutive ability and business acumen in
the various important and extensive en-
terprises with which he has been con-
nected, which would have done honor to
a man greatly his senior in point of years.
His reputation for business sagacity and
foresight shows that the time spent dur-
ing his earlier years in acquiring this
knowledge was not spent in vain.

The Brown family from which Dick-
son Queen Brown is descended, settled
in Venango county, Pennsylvania, very
early in the nineteenth century. They
are undoubtedly descended from Colonial
ancestry who located in the State of
Pennsylvania at an early date. Venango
county is in the region of the vast petro-
leum oil discoveries in the early days of
the petroleum industry, and it was but
natural that the ambitious men of that
time should become closely identified
with what promised to become so im-
portant an enterprise.

Samuel Queen Brown was one of those
whose grasp of this new field of industry
was of a most comprehensive nature.
He was born at Pleasantville, Venango
county, Pennsylvania, in 1835. His ear-
lier education was acquired at Allegheny
College, from which he was graduated in
1853. He received from Princeton Col-
lege, New Jersey, the degree of A.M. in
1871. He was successfully engaged in
business as a merchant when he became,
interested in the petroleum production of

that section of Pennsylvania, and after
a time engaged in the banking business
in that vicinity. Still later he became an
oil producer. For a period of fifteen
years he served as a commissioner of the
Second Geological Survey of Pennsyl-
vania. He achieved a reputation as an
organizer, among the corporations which
he was instrumental in successfully
launching being: The Tide Water Pipe
and Oil Company ; the Tide Water Pipe
Company, of which he became president ;
the Tide Water Oil Company; and the
Associated Producers Company. During
the later years of his life he resided in
Philadelphia and New York City. He
was a member of the Pennsylvania So-
ciety of New York, and of the Union
League and National Arts clubs. His
death occurred in New York, October
5, 1910. Mr. Brown married Nancy
Lamb, who was born in 1842, and now
resides in the city of New York ; she is
a daughter of John Lamb, of Pleasant-
ville, Pennsylvania. Children : Dickson
Queen Brown, of whom further; Louise,
born at Pleasantville, Pennsylvania, in
1871, married James D. Voorhees; Flor-
ence King, born in Pleasantville, Penn-
sylvania, 1876; Margery, born in Phila-
delphia, in 1881.

Dickson Queen Brown, son of Samuel
Queen and Nancy (Lamb) Brown, was
born at Pleasantville, Pennsylvania, April
2. 1873. Private schools in Philadelphia
furnished his early education, and from
them he went to Phillips Exeter Acad-
emy, Exeter, New Hampshire, from
which institution he was graduated in
the class of 1891. He then matriculated
at Princeton University, from which he
was graduated in the class of 1895, the
degree of Bachelor of Arts being con-
ferred upon him. The Massachusetts In-
stitute of Technology was the next scene
of his studies, and there he made a special
study of electrical engineering, being
graduated in 1898 with the degree of

582

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Bachelor of Sciences. An entire year was
also spent at the Royal Technical Hoch
Schule at Charlottenburg, Berlin, Ger-
many.

Equipped with this unusually thorough
theoretical training, he applied himself
to the development of the petroleum oil
properties owned by his father, and hav-
ing practically mastered every detail of
this enterprise, he continued along these
lines. As president and director of the
Okla Oil Company, he developed this im-
portant property to the utmost, and was
closely identified with the various proper-
ties of his father until the death of the
latter. Subsequently he became president
and director of the Associated Producers
Oil Company; second vice-president and
director of the Tide Water Oil Company ;
secretary and director of the Tide Water
Pipe Company, Limited ; and a director
of the American Oil Company, the East
Jersey Railroad and Terminal Company,
the Magnetic Iron Ore Company, the
Piatt and Washburn Refining Company,
the Pontiac Mining Company, and the
Campbell Art Company.

Socially he is identified with a num-
ber of organizations, among them being
the following: Sigma Chi college frater-
nity; the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, the American Institute of
Electrical Engineers, the Pennsylvania
Society of New York, the Automobile
Club of America, West Side Tennis Club,
Apawamis Club, Teger Inn Club of
Princeton, Camp Fire Club, University
Club, New York Club, Princeton Club of
New Jersey, Technology Club and the
Engineers' Club of New York. In politi-
cal matters he is a Republican, and his
religious affiliations are with the Presby-
terian Church of which he is a member.
The most salient points in the life history
of Mr. Brown have been marked by per-
sistent industry, commendable enterprise
and unwavering honor, qualities which
have most naturally secured for him an

unassailable position in the respect and
esteem of his fellow men.

REGISTER, Henry C, D.D.S., M.D.,

Soldier, Clinical Instructor, Anthor,
Inventor.

Dr. Henry Carney Register, whose
opinions in the field of dentistry are
largely accepted as authority, and his
work as standard, for he is today one of
the eminent representatives of the profes-
sion of dentistry in the city of Philadel-
phia, was born in Newcastle, Delaware,
August i8, 1844. He is of English de-
scent, his ancestors having come to
America from England with John Penn,
preceding the advent of William Penn.
All were Quakers, and in successive gen-
erations the members of the Register
family were stock farmers and millers.
Jeremiah Register, who was one of the
first of the family born in America, pur-
chased a farm in Kent county, Delaware,
about 1747. He died in 1773. Isaac Reg-
ister, the youngest son of Jeremiah Regis-
ter, was born October 3, 1765, and died
November 19, 1815. He was a teacher
and farmer. At the age of twenty-five
years he married Mary Ann Hatfield, and
they had four children — Eliza B., Mary
C, Eliza Ann, and Isaac Hatfield.

Isaac H. Register, father of Dr. Henry
C. Register, a business man now de-
ceased, married Mary Ann Carney,
daughter of John Carney, of Scotch de-
scent, who was an American soldier dur-
ing the Revolutionary War, and was
present at the surrender of Cornwallis.
Mrs. Register died in 1856. This union
was blessed with four children — I. Lay-
ton, Henr}^ C, John E. and Dora Layton.
I. Layton Register, who resided in Phila-
delphia, was the general and financial
agent of the Equitable Life Insurance
Company.

Dr. Register acquired his literary edu-
cation in Newcastle, Delaware, and Elk-

583

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ton, Maryland. In 1861 he enlisted for
a term of three years as a private and
non-commissioned officer in the Union
army, with the Fifth Regiment, Mary-
land Volunteer Infantry, but on account
of ill health was mustered out after about
two years' service. Following the close
of his military experience he took up the
study of dentistry and was graduated
with the degree of D.D.S. from the Penn-
sylvania Dental College, in 1866. Imme-
diately afterward he located for practice
at Milford, Delaware, where he remained
until 1870, when he came to Philadelphia,
where he has since successfully practiced
his profession. Upon removing to that
city he also took up the study of medi-
cine, for the better understanding of the
scientific principles of dentistry, and was
graduated with the degree of M.D. from
Jefferson Medical College in 1872. He is
greatly devoted to the science which en-
gages his attention, and from the begin-
ning has considered the profession a
scientific and not merely mechanical one.
He believes in treating the cause and not
the effects of dental ailments, and be-
lieves also that a dentist should know as
far as possible the scientific principles of
all that pertains to or affects the mouth.
He has been a close student of stomatol-
ogy and the pathology of the mouth, and
his research has enabled him to give to
the profession many scientific facts of
recognized value.

For many years Dr. Register was iden-
tified with the Philadelphia Dental Col-
lege, the Pennsylvania Dental College,
and the University of Pennsylvania den-
tal department as a clinical instructor, and
he has always been a contributor to the
current literature of the profession. Some
of the more important papers that have
come from the pen of Dr. Register are:
"Oral Antisepsis, its Prophylactic Influ-
ence upon Local and General Diseases,"
"Clinical Observations on Dental Caries
and Pyorrhoea Alveolaris, with Reference

to Treatment," "Pneumatic Influences in
Relation to the Prevention and Treat-
ment of Oral and Tooth Diseases," "The
Physico-Prosthetic Crown and Bridge,
with Reference to Fundamentals," and
"The Interrelationship of Medicine and
Dentistry." The last mentioned subject
deals with a matter which Dr. Register
has always considered to be of the great-
est importance, namely: that, in order to
be a thoroughly competent practitioner
in the field of dentistry, one should have
a complete knowledge of medicine. He
has not only been a living example of his
belief from the beginning of his profes-
sional career, but has lived to see his
views take practical form, for today, and
for some years past, most of the govern-
ments of Europe have made it compul-
sory that a course in dentistry should be
supplemented with a knowledge of medi-
cine. And more recently, our own coun-
try has awakened to the importance of
this matter, and the State of Virginia has
already passed a law similar to those
abroad. Other States will undoubtedly
follow the example of Virginia, and this
movement will certainly have much to do
toward stamping out the rank commer-
cialism which has prevailed these many
years.

Dr. Register has served as president of
the Academy of Stomatology and the
Pennsylvania State Dental Society, and
is also a member of the Philadelphia Den-
tal Club and the Philadelphia Stoma-
tological Club. His practice has largely
been along the lines of dental pathology,
in which he has combined the knowledge
of a scholar with the efficient workman-
ship of a skilled mechanician. Notwith-
standing the keen interest he has taken in
the advancement of dental science, he is
probably best known for the mechanical
inventions which he has given to the pro-
fession, and for which he has never
sought or received any pecuniary com-
pensation. He is the inventor of the

584

i//i3fyl-.C<*/J^^

/v^^^*^^e«t ^^j^.Yy-

/?^ k

'0^:^^>ny

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

fountain cuspidor, a movable device with
flexible supply and waste tubes, which
has enormous sales. He is also the in-
ventor of the Register dental engine, a
machine involving much intricacy of de-
tail, all worked out to the highest state
of perfection and practicability. His skill
has also produced the Register hand
piece, as well as other devices, and his
latest contribution in this line is the Reg-
ister air compressor for using either hot
or cold water for dehydrating purposes,
and also for atomizing. This, too, is re-
garded as a masterpiece of scientific
mechanism.

On January loth, 1878, Dr. Register
was married in Philadelphia to Miss Sita
Bartol, a daughter of Barnabas H. Bartol,
a very prominent Philadelphian of his day.
They have one daughter and two sons :
Florence, wife of Henry A. Dalley, for-
merly of New York City, but now a resi-
dent of Ardmore, Pennsylvania ; Layton
Bartol, a graduate of the science and law
department of the University of Penn-
sylvania, and now engaged in the study
of international law in connection with
the University of Pennsylvania ; and H.
Bartol, who is a graduate of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, having completed
courses in classics and architecture.
There are a grandson, Allen Register
Dalley; and granddaughter, Sita R. Dal-
ley. The family residence is in Gray's
Lane, Haverford.

Dr. Register is a member of Gen.
George G. Meade Post, No. i, G. A. R.,
and of the Pennsylvania Historical So-
ciety; and also belongs to the Philadel-
phia Art Club and the Merion Cricket
Club. Those who know him more inti-
mately, know him to be a man of a most
engaging personality. In professional
circles he has gained distinction and
honor, because his work has been a force-
ful element in that progress that has par-
ticularly characterized the dental profes-
sion in the last quarter of a century.

MAIN, William,
Mining Engineer, Chemist, Metallnrgist.

The paternal grandfather of Air. Wil-
liam Main was Mr. Andrew Main, orig-
inally from Glasgow, Scotland, but for
many years a shipping merchant in Lon-
don. His wife was Alice Bone, daughter
of an old English family of that name in
one of the interior counties of England.
Experiencing a reverse of fortune during
a period of financial depression during the
latter part of the i8th century, Mr. Main
brought his family to New York, with
whose merchants he had carried on a
somewhat extensive business, having
helped to make the fortunes of some who
afterward became prominent. He brought
with him his two elder children, Andrew
and Mary, who afterward died unmarried.
Two sons were born in New York City,
William, father of the subject of this
sketch ; and Alexander. William was
born in 1797, in a house then standing
on Barclay street, and the younger son,
the late Alexander Main (afterward treas-
urer of the Erie railroad), on Warren
street.

The mother, Alice (Bone) Main, was
a woman of remarkably clear intellect
and well-balanced character and no less
remarkable physically. She did not have
a gray hair until her seventieth year,
and retained every faculty until her death
at the age of 94. Her youngest son,
Alexander, was born during her fiftieth
year, and lived to the age of 84.

William Main (senior) developed ar-
tistic ability and was sent to Italy, where
he remained several years studying art.
LTpon his return he affiliated naturally
with artistic and literary circles, and in
1827 was one of the founders of the Na-
tional Academy of Design, now the lead-
ing institution of its kind in America.
He enjoyed the friendship of such men
as Washington Irving; James Smillie
(senior), the well-known engraver; the

585

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

artist, Professor Weir, of West Point;
and others. With his elder brother An-
drew he was an officer in the crack mili-
tary company of New York, and assisted
in the reception to Lafayette during his
last visit to America. With his younger
brother Alexander he was of material aid
in obtaining the funds for the founding
of the Mercantile Library of New York.
Although Mr. Main's work was highly
rated by his brother artists, he preferred
the less sedentary profession of civil en-
gineering; and, in those early days of
railroad building, was employed in locat-
ing the Erie railroad through northeast-
ern Pennsylvania, as well as the adjoin-
ing portions of New York. Many of his
maps and designs have been preserved
as models of draftsmanship. It was dur-
ing this work that he became acquainted
with and married Ann Rose, eldest
daughter of Dr. Robert Hutchinson Rose,
of Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania,
mother of the subject of this sketch.

Dr. Robert H. Rose was born in 1776,
in Chester county, Pennsylvania. His
parents had come to this country before
the Revolutionary War, his father being
of Scotch birth and his mother from Dub-
lin. Dr. Rose was liberally educated in
Philadelphia, and, for the sake of having
a profession, graduated from the Medical
Department of the University of Penn-
sylvania, although he never practised
medicine.

Dr. Rose was a man of musical and ar-
tistic ability. Many of his water-color
sketches, which have been preserved,
show no small skill. He was a frequent
contributor to the "Portfolio," a periodi-
cal devoted to literature, and published in
Philadelphia during the early part of the
last century. He was also the author of a
volume of poems entitled "Sketches in
Verse." Dr. Rose was fond of hunting
and adventure, and spent the greater part
of 1799 in the wilderness now forming
the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and

Missouri. Much of this time was spent
with the Indians. In 1800 he took a
voyage, embarking in a merchant vessel
bound for the Mediterranean. Near
Gibraltar they were attacked by two
pirate vessels, but, being armed, as mer-
chant vessels usually were in those days,
succeeded after a severe fight in beating
the pirates off, although the ship was
badly cut up and the captain mortally
wounded. Two or three little trinkets
which he gave at his death to Dr. Rose
have been preserved in the family to this
day. Having some knowledge of navi-
gation, Dr. Rose was of assistance in
bringing the ship into port, where some
two months were required for refitting.
Leghorn was reached in November, 1800.
It is noteworthy that during this fight
a British man-of-war lay within such a
short distance that the nature of the
battle must have been plainly evident.
But memories of the Revolutionary War
and the exploits of Paul Jones still
rankled in the minds of British naval offi-
cers, and the fate of a Yankee, even at
such hands, was a matter of indifference,
and no assistance was rendered.

Dr. Rose was a friend of Colonel Tim-
othy Pickering, who had been Secretary
of State from 1795 to 1800. Meeting in
the street one day in Philadelphia, Colonel
Pickering, knowing Rose's fondness for
hunting, asked for his company during
a trip to Northern Pennsylvania, whither
Colonel Pickering, as government agent,
was then bound, in order to settle some
questions pertaining to land titles and
state boundary lines. This excursion was
made about 1804 or 1805. Dr. Rose was
so greatly pleased with the country that
on February 18, 1809, he purchased a
tract of 99,200 acres. This purchase cov-
ered at least thirteen miles in extent on
the State line. It was made from Anna,
widow of Tench Francis, who bought of
Elizabeth Jervis and John Peters, whose
patent was obtained from the State in

586

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

1784. This tract was afterward greatly
added to, covering 120,000 and finally
140,000 acres. This region is elevated,
much of it 1,600 to 1,800 feet above sea
level, and studded with small lakes,
which, without definite inlet, are fed al-
most wholly by springs, furnishing the
lakes with an outflow of clear water. The
development of Susquehanna county was
indebted to Dr. Rose probably more than
to any other one man. He built mills
and roads, and was instrumental in bring-
ing in many settlers. He built what was
then considered a palatial mansion on the
borders of Silver Lake, where he kept
open house for a circle of many cultured
friends, mostly from Philadelphia.

Dr. Rose died in 1842, in his 66th year,
leaving a widow, three sons and four
daughters. The Silver Lake mansion
was burned in 1850, together with a li-
brary of several thousand volumes and
many curios which had been collected
during foreign travel. Dr. Rose had
married, in 1810, Jane Hodge, daughter
of Andrew Hodge, of Philadelphia. Mr.
Hodge served in the Revolutionary War
and his wife, mother of Jane (Hodge)
Rose, and great-grandmother of the sub-
ject of this sketch, was the sister of
Colonel William Ledyard, who was in
command at Fort Griswold, and lost his
life at its capture September, 1781.

Ledyard, then on furlough at his home
during the expected confinement of his
wife, was at the time of the British de-
scent placed in command of a hastily
gathered force, mostly boys and old men.
These undertook the defense of the fort,
repelling two assaults and disabling near-
ly two hundred of the assailants. Am-
munition failing, the fort was finally
taken by storm. Ledyard surrendered his
sword to the British officer (a Tory, sad
to say), who was so enraged by the ob-
stinacy of the defense that he plunged the
sword through Ledyard's body, killing
him on the spot. A massacre of the gar-

rison followed, after which many of the
victims were piled into a cart which was
started down the hill, upsetting at the
foot, tumbling out the dead and dying.
A nephew of Colonel Ledyard's, a mere
boy, was among the missing. An old fe-
male negro servant who had been many
years in the service of the family, was
determined to find her young master,
whether dead or alive. She searched the
field after dark with a lantern, and found
him desperately wounded but still alive.
He was nursed back to health, and after-
ward studied medicine, which he prac-
tised for many years. Ledyard's sister
was, during these events, traveling by
coach on her wedding journey with her
husband toward their future home in
Philadelphia. News of the fight and the
murder overtook, and then preceded, them
by courier. Mr. Hodge was obliged to
get out at every stopping-place and hasten
to warn those present that a sister of
Colonel Ledyard's was in the coach and
that she must not be allowed to hear the
news before reaching Philadelphia.

After the completion of the Erie rail-
road, Mr. William Main (senior), the ar-
tist and civil engineer (who, as before
stated, had married Ann Rose), devoted
himself to improved methods of agricul-
ture on a farm on the borders of Quaker
Lake, four miles from Silver Lake. The
farm, originally part of the Rose tract,
had been occupied by members of the
Griffin family, several brothers and sis-
ters of Gerald Griffin, the well-known
Irish poet and novelist, having come to
America, a part of them settling in Bing-
liamton, New York. Five children were
born during this residence at Quaker
Lake to William and Ann (Rose) Main ;
but in 1853 the family moved to Phila-
delphia for the sake of the education of
three of these children, Alice, William and
Anna, two having died during infancy.
The farm was retained for many years
as a summer residence.

587

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

William Main (senior) became treas-
urer of the Presbyterian Board of Educa-
tion in Philadelphia, in which office he
continued for many years until near the
time of his death, which took place in
1876 during a temporary residence in
London. His wife, Ann (Rose) Main,
died in Brooklyn in 1898, in her eighty-
seventh year. The eldest daughter
(Alice) died in Philadelphia at the age
of 20. The younger daughter (Anna)
married George Giles, formerly of Vir-
ginia.

The son, William Main, whose life is
sketched herein, was born at Silver Lake,
in the old Rose mansion, February 10,
1845. A niece of Gerald Griffin was his
governess during his earliest years, as
there was no suitable school in the coun-
try ; but when his parents moved to Phil-
adelphia in 1853 he was sent to a school
on Market street, then conducted by Rev.
Dr. Lyman Coleman, an author of several
works pertaining to Biblical Literature,
and afterward a professor in Lafayette
College, Easton, Pennsylvania.

Preparation for college was completed
at the Chestnut Street Seminary. The
freshman class of the University of Penn-
sylvania was entered in September, 1859,
at the age of fourteen, the usual classical
course being taken. The University
buildings then stood on Ninth street, be-
tween Market and Chestnut, where the
postoffice now stands. Professor John
Frazer, then Professor of Chemistry and
Physics in the University, told the class
that he had found, after careful investi-
gation, that there was little doubt that it
was in a field at this place that Franklin
flew his kite during that famous experi-
ment. The Professor might have added
that this spark drawn from the sky was
prophetic of the inspiration to be drawn
down by the institution afterward built
on that spot. Scientific and mathemati-
cal studies principally interested young
Main, although he was honorably men-

tioned in connection with a contest for
a Latin prize. He became a member of
the Philomathean Society. College work
was interrupted in September, 1862, and
during June and July, 1863, by services
rendered during the Antietam and Gettys-
burg campaigns as a member of Spencer
Miller's Philadelphia Battery.

When Lee, by a flank movement, suc-
ceeded in evading for a time the main
body of the Army of the Potomac it was
partly his object to capture Harrisburg,
the capital of Pennsylvania, and inter-
rupt railroad communication eastward.
For this purpose Ewell's corps was de-
tached and sent up the Cumberland Val-
ley. General Couch was in command of
the Department of the Susquehanna, but
the only troops immediately available
for the emergency were the 8th and 71st
New York State regiments, and Miller's
Philadelphia Battery. This force, num-
bering in all less than 1,000 men, was the
first to reach Harrisburg. It was placed
under the command of General Joseph
Knipe, and sent by rail down to the Mary-
land border. It was sent, as stated in in-
structions to its commander, "for the pur-
pose of holding the enemy in check,
should he advance ; but under all circum-
stances to avoid an engagement; but if
pressed too hard to retire slowly and
harass him as much as possible; the ob-
ject being to give our forces at Harris-
burg time to finish the fort and other de-
fenses, and be in readiness to receive the
enemy should he advance to that point."
This called for a week of strenuous work,
the programme being to put up as much
of a bluff as possible during daylight
hours, and retire quietly at night to some
possibly defensible point a few miles in
the rear. By June 28th this retreat had
brought Knipe's brigade to about three
miles south of Harrisburg. In the mean-
time, however, reinforcements had ar-
rived, rifle pits had been constructed,
and guns placed on the slopes command-

588

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ing the turnpike on which the rebels must
advance. An abattis of felled trees, with
sharpened branches directed forward, had
also been prepared in order to furnish ad-
ditional obstruction to a charge upon the
fortification. No attack was made upon
it, although during the 28th and 29th of
June desultory skirmishing took place
within a mile or two. At this time Lee,
finding that he would be confronted with
the Army of the Potomac further to the
south, ordered Ewell's recall. Referring
to the services of Knipe and his brigade,
General Couch afterward said in a con-
gratulatory order: "It was one of the
most successful expeditions I have ever
seen accomplished, according to the num-
ber engaged in it, viz. : advancing fifty-
two miles beyond all defenses and sup-
port in case of an attack, and holding
the enemy in check for a period of six
days." Ewell, by forced marches, rejoined
his chief in time to take part in the battle
of Gettysburg. He was followed by the
forces at Harrisburg, although not quick-
ly enough to bring them into the battle.
They met hundreds of paroled Union
prisoners, captured by the rebels during
the first day's fight. They gave most
gloomy accounts of the prospects as they
streamed backward through the mountain
pass, kneedeep in mire. The guns were
dragged through with difficulty, part of
the time in midnight darkness, in order
to be in time, as was supposed, to meet
a possibly victorious enemy. But the
Army of the Potomac was joined without
hindrance, and no second great battle was
fought, as might have been the case had
Grant or Sheridan been in command.

These incidents, pertaining to the ad-
vance upon Harrisburg, have been noted
because, although of interest in Pennsyl-
vania history, they have been overlooked
amid the greater events of that time. It
has hardly been noticed that the north-
ernmost point reached by a Confederate
force in any State during the Civil War,

was near the little hamlet of Oyster Point,
among the Pennsylvania hills, some three
miles southwest of Harrisburg. It was
the northernmost spot at which a hostile
shot was fired or a drop of blood spilt.
Geographically speaking, it was the high-
water mark of the rebellion ; although, of
course, its mightiest surge was expended
when, five days later, and thirty miles
farther south, Pickett's charge broke
against Cemetery Ridge. During these
incidents William Main, then a lad of
eighteen, served as a corporal in Miller's
battery, being in charge of one of the rifle
guns and of men much older than him-
self.

During his absence in 1863, William
Main was graduated from the University
of Pennsylvania, receiving the degree of
A.B.; that of A.M. was granted three
years later. During these three years he
studied mine engineering and chemistry,
receiving the degree of Mining Engineer
in 1865 from the Polytechnic College of
Pennsylvania, at that time located on
Penn Square, Philadelphia, and one of
the few technical schools then in the
country. He continued the study of ana-
lytical chemistry in the laboratory of Mr.
Chas. P. Williams, until June, 1866. He
then set out to practise his profession in
Colorado, at that time a sparsely settled
territory. In partnership with a former
classmate, the late J. P. Hutchinson, of
Newtown, Bucks county, Pennsylvania,
he purchased a wagon and span of mules
at Atchison, on the Missouri river, and
took a wagonload of chemical apparatus
across the plains. The railroad had then
been but started ; herds of buflfalo and
bands of Indians roamed the plains. A
bright lookout had to be kept, as scalps
were frequently mislaid between the river
and the mountains. No accident of this
kind happened, and an office was opened
in Central City, in the mountains, for the
assay and analysis of ores and for sur-
veying and reporting upon mining prop-

589

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

erty. The following seventeen years
were passed amid the duties of a mining
engineer and metallurgist. While these
included a residence of three years in the
Rocky Mountains, they were also spent
in professional work in other parts of
the country, such as the copper regions
of Lake Superior, the lead regions of Mis-
souri, and portions of the Southern States,
wherein examinations and reports were
made upon mining property, as well as
in Canada and Nova Scotia. During
four years from 1873 to 1877 Mr. Main
resided in Columbia, South Carolina, be-
ing Professor of Chemistry and Geology
in the State University.

From 1879 until the present time (1914)
Professor Main has lived in or near New
York City, having an office in the city,
in connection with his business as a con-
sulting engineer and chemist. He has de-
voted considerable time to the develop-
ment of electrical inventions, and has
taken out over thirty patents pertaining
to electricity and mechanics. During his
practice of mine engineering Mr. Main
introduced improvements in the treat-
ment of ores and became known as an
authority in mining and metallurgy and
has contributed to various technical pub-
lications.

In 1871 he married Fannie A. Fille-
brown, daughter of James S. and Anna
(Ladd) Fillebrown. She was born
August 6, 1850, at Readfield, Kennebec
county, Maine. Her father was lieuten-
ant-colonel of the loth Maine Volunteer
Infantry Regiment in the Civil War.
They have three children, namely: i. Al-
fred F. Main, born at Columbia, South
Carolina, in 1873 ; studied mine engineer-
ing at the School of Mines, Columbia
University, New York City; was presi-
dent of his class for two years, and since
1894 has been a mining engineer in Mex-
ico, where he is now operating two large
and highly profitable mines and employ-
ing some ten thousand men. He married

Miss Lola Bennett, formerly of Mexico
City. 2. Lilian Rose Alain, born in 1877,
at Piermont, New York ; she married Wil-
liam F. Doerflinger, and has two sons.
3. Edith Ledyard Main, born in Brook-
lyn, New York ; she married Norman A.
Boyd, of Binghamton, New York; has
one daughter.

Professor Main is a member of various
scientific associations, such as the Ameri-
can Chemical Society, the Society of
Chemical Industry and the Electro-Chem-
ical Society; also of the Chemists' Club,
University of Pennsylvania Club, etc. In
religion and politics he is not affiliated
with any particular creed or party. For
the last eight years, while maintaining an
office in New York City, his residence has
been at Piermont on the Hudson, on a
spot commanding an extensive view. A
special laboratory building affords oppor-
tunity for research during leisure time.

PROWELL, George Reeser,

Edncator, Author.

George Reeser Prowell, of York, Penn-
sylvania, is a native of that city, born
December 12, 1849, son of Samuel N. and
Sarah (Reeser) Prowell.

He received his preliminary education
in the common schools, and was gradu-
ated from Wooster (Ohio) University.
The early years of his active career were
given to educational work, and he served
as principal of several high schools, and
also as superintendent of the Hanover
(Pennsylvania) public schools. He soon,
however, became engaged in literary
work, in which he has industriously con-
tinued to the present time. He has
served as editor and correspondent of va-
rious journals, but his most important
work has laid in deeper channels. He
has been associate editor of "The Na-
tional Cyclopaedia of American Biog-
raphy," and "Lamb's Biographical Dic-
tionary of the United States." His pub-

590

7

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

lished volumes, all of enduring value, are:
"History of York County, Pennsylvania,"
1907 ; "History of West Jersey," 1887 ;
"History of Wilmington, Delaware,"
1889; "History of Eighty-seventh Regi-
ment Pennsylvania Volunteers," 1900;
"George Washington and the Continen-
tal Congress," 1901 ; "History of the
Seventy-first Pennsylvania Regiment"
(Baker's California regiment), 1902; "F.
V. Meisheimer, First American Entomol-
ogist," 1903; "York, Pennsylvania, as the
Capital of the United States," 1905. He
is curator and librarian of the Historical
Society of York County, and member
of the Columbia Historical Society of
Washington, National Geographic So-
ciety, and Pennsylvania History Club.
He married, October 10, 1875, Virginia
Dean, of Stamford, Connecticut.

CANS, Milton H.,

Prominent in Cotton Industry.

^lilton H. Gans, treasurer of Gans,
Burgauer & Company of New York, is
descended from a family of Hebrew Ger-
man extraction. His antecedents came to
the United States during the early part
of the nineteenth century, and his father,
Aaron Gans, was born July 4, 1841, in
Philadelphia. The latter was brought
up and educated in that city ; he then
engaged in the mercantile business there,
and for a number of years was a promi-
nent wholesale clothier in Philadelphia.
He married Caroline Hochstadter, daugh-
ter of Lieberman Hochstadter, a native
of Germany, who emigrated to Philadel-
phia in the fifties. She was born January
31, 1845, in th^ kingdom of Bavaria, Ger-
many, and had among other children a
son whose history follows.

Milton H. Gans, son of Aaron and
Caroline (Hochstadter) Gans, was born
December 14, 1870, in Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania. He attended the public schools
of Philadelphia, and graduated from the

Central High School in February, 1887.
He then took a commercial course of
study at the Pierce Business College
after the completion of which he entered
the employ of Gans, Arnold & Company,
of which firm his father was a member,
and learned the wholesale clothing busi-
ness. He served as clerk and salesman
for that firm until the year 1899, when
he came to New York City and secured a
position as salesman with the Giveen
Manufacturing Company of New York,
and continued with that company until
the year 1910, serving in various capaci-
ties. In the latter year he organized the
firm of Gans, Burgauer & Company, a
corporation engaged in the business of
cotton converting, and became the first
treasurer of the company, which posi-
tion he still holds.

In politics he is a Republican, and an
advocate of protective tariff for Ameri-
can industries. He has traveled in Eu-
rope, principally in the interest of his
business, and is a member of the Har-
monic Club of New York City, also of
the Knights of Pythias, and is affiliated
with various Jewish charitable organiza-
tions.

PAXTON. Rev. John Randolph, D.D.,

Prominent Clergyman,

The name Paxton is of Saxon origin,
and probably derived from a word mean-
ing gardener. As early as the sixth cen-
tury, it is claimed that the progenitor
of the family of Paxton crossed over
from the continent of Europe and settled
in what in modern times is known as
Berwickshire, Scotland. In time the
family was established in Berwickshire
and became land owners. Their settle-
ment was first known as Pac-cingas-
town, then Packingtown and Packston,
which by 1250 A.D. had assumed the
form of Paxton. The Paxtons acquired
large estates in Scotland and in England

591

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

during the fourteenth and fifteenth centu-
ries, and members of the Scottish branch
bore the armorial design of "Ermine,
two chevrons between three mullets in
pale azure, the one in chief sable, the
other as of the mullets." Crest, "an
eagle's head erased azure, charged on
the neck with two chevrons, or, between
a pair of wings addorsed, argent, and
sernee of mullets, gules." Motto, Industria
ditat.

In the fifteenth century and later, many
of the Paxtons suffered persecution for
their religious belief, and during that
time a number of them settled in Bed-
ford, Oxford and Buckinghamshire, in
Central England. A James Paxton was
an officer under Cromwell, and officiated
at the execution of King Charles I., on
January 30, 1649; he fled to Ireland when
Charles II. prosecuted the Regicides in
1660, and there found an asylum among
the Scotch-Irish Covenanters in the
North of Ireland. He settled in County
Antrim, and is supposed to have been
the ancestor of the Paxtons of Bally-
money, of that county, whose descend-
ants came to America and settled in
Maryland and Pennsylvania.

Thomas Paxton, the emigrant founder
of this particular branch of the Paxton
family in America, was born in Ireland,
in the year 1713; he came to this coun-
try in 1725 at the age of twelve years,
according to J. Paxton Kerr, of Ottowa,
Kansas, in 1901, and probably resided at
first in Chester county, Pennsylvania,
with a kinsman. Early records show
that Thomas Paxton paid taxes in Ches-
ter county, Pennsylvania, from 1722 to
1726, and in 1741 a Thomas Paxton took
out a warrant for land in what was before
Chester, but then Adams county, Penn-
sylvania. This Thomas Paxton is sup-
posed to have been an uncle of Thomas
Paxton, later of Washington county,
Pennsylvania, and the foster relative who
brought him over from Ireland. Accord-

ing to various traditional evidence and
circumstantial facts, Thomas Paxton, of
Washington county, Pennsylvania, lived
to be one hundred and five years old ;
he died in 1818, and his will was pro-
bated June 19, 1819, in Washington
county, Pennsylvania, where it is of rec-
ord. His will does not mention a wife,
but names children: i. Martha Paxton,
born 1753 ; married Robert Campbell,
April 15, 1781, and died in 1853, aged one
hundred years, in Washington county,
Pennsylvania. 2. Thomas Paxton, of
whom more hereafter. 3. Elizabeth Pax-
ton, married a McCue. 4. Margaret Pax-
ton, born 1758; married David McGregor,
who died in 1810, and she died in 1842,
leaving issue. Thomas Pa.xton married
in Pennsylvania, and all of his children
were born in that State. From Adams
county, Pennsylvania, he moved west and
first settled in Allegheny county, Penn-
sylvania, but in his old age joined rela-
tives and friends in Washington county,
Pennsylvania. He and his family were
ardent members of the Associated Re-
formed Church ; he was elder of the
church wherever he lived, and his re-
mains, with others of his family, lie
buried in Old Mingo churchyard, in
Washington county, Pennsylvania.

Thomas Paxton, son of Thomas Pax-
ton, the emigrant founder, and Jane As-
tor, his wife, was born in 1761, on Marsh
creek, now in Adams county, Pennsyl-
vania. He lived in Adams county until
about 1794, when he moved to Washing-
ton county; later he removed to Mercer
county, Pennsylvania, and after the death
of his wife, in 1820, lived among his chil-
dren. He was noted for his piety, cheer-
ful temperament, and knowledge gained
by varied experience. He died in 1851,
at the home of his daughter, Rebecca Ho-
sack, in Mercer county, Pennsylvania.
He married Jane Crawford, in 1780, who
died in 1820, in Washington county,
Pennsylvania, and had issue, ten daugh-

592

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ters and three sons, some of whom lived
in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, and
others in Washington county . So far as
known, those who remained in Wash-
ington county, Pennsylvania, are as fol-
lows: I. John Paxton, of whom more
hereafter. 2. Thomas Paxton, who went
to Iowa, and had descendants there. 3.
Ann Paxton. 4. a daughter, known as
Mrs. Clark. 5. a daughter, known as
Mrs. Neely. 6. a daughter, known as
Mrs. Kyle. These female descendants
lived in Mercer and other nearby coun-
ties of Pennsylvania.

John Paxton, son of Thomas and Jane
(Crawford) Paxton, was born April 7,
1781, on Marsh creek, in York, formerly
Adams county, Pennsylvania. He moved
with the family to Washington county,
Pennsylvania, about the close of the
eighteenth century. He was noted for
his athletic feats, and called the "Mighty
Jumper," but in a contest against a cele-
brated Kentucky athlete was injured and
died a year or two later, aged about forty-
seven years old. He married his cousin
Martha, daughter of John and Mary Pax-
ton, and had children, namely: i. John
Paxton, born May 8, 1807, in Chartiers
township, Washington county, Pennsyl-
vania; died on the farm where he was
born, June 6, 1887, and left surviving is-
sue. 2. Samuel Paxton, born 1809, died
1900. 3. John Paxton, of whom more
hereafter. 4. Eliza Paxton, born August
25, 1802; married John Nesbitt, and died
in 1886, without issue. During the Civil
War she enthusiastically advocated the
cause of the South and condemned the
North ; though often admonished "to
bridle her tongue," she continued her
course, and was turned out of church for
her sympathies with the rebellion.

John Paxton, son of John and Martha
Paxton, was born September 10, 1810, in
Washington county, Pennsylvania. He
followed the trade of saddler at Canons-
burg, Washington county, Pennsylvania,

for some years, but about 1856 engaged
in the sale of live stock, and lived at
Canonsburg for some forty-five years.
He was an elder of the Presbyterian
church, and a man of distinction in the
community. He died December 24, 1890,
at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania ; married
Elizabeth Wilson-Power, widow of Elie-
zer Power, and daughter of Henry and
Jane (Dill) Wilson. She was born De-
cember 10, 1809, died October 29, 1858, at
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, and was a
sister of Rev. Samuel Wilson, D.D., one
time moderator of the Presbyterian Gen-
eral Assembly, and maternally, from
Captain Thomas Dill, of the Revolution-
ary war. He was the son of Colonel
Mathew Dill, founder of the town of
Dillsburg, and was Commissary of Sub-
sistence under General Washington.
Issue, by her first husband, to wit: (a)
Margaret Power, married Thomas Belt;
(b) Annie Power, married David Hart.
Issue of her second marriage, to John
Paxton, namely: i. Wilson N. Paxton,
born December 6, 1834, in Washington
county, Pennsylvania ; assisted in orga-
nization of the 140th Pennsylvania Regi-
ment Volunteer Infantry, for the Civil
War; was made lieutenant of Company
G ; wounded and captured at Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania ; after twenty-one months
spent in the Confederate prisons at Libby
and Andersonville he was exchanged
and promoted to the rank of captain.
After the war he practiced law at Pitts-
burgh some fifteen years, and was ex-
aminer of pensions in the Interior De-
partment at Washington, D. C. 2. Mar-
tha Jane Paxton, born December 16,
1835, at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania; died
January 24, 1890, unmarried. 3. Thomas
Paxton, born September 9, 1836 (?), en-
listed in Company D, loth Pennsylvania
Reserves, in April, 1861 ; promoted to
lieutenant, and was killed at Spottsylva-
nia, Virginia, in 1864. 4. John Randolph
Paxton, of whom more hereafter. 5.

593

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

William Hosack Paxton, born March 9,
1846. 6. Oliver L. Paxton, born July 9,
1848, and lived at Canonsburg, Pennsyl-
vania. 7. Mary E. Paxton, born July
9, 1850; married Rev. W. Frank Conner,
and lived at Irwin, Pennsylvania. 8.
Matthew Henry Paxton, born December
30, 1853 ; was assistant paymaster in the
United States army, and lived at Walla
Walla, Washington.

John Randolph Paxton, son of John
and Elizabeth (Power nee Wilson) Pax-
ton, was born September 18, 1843, ^t
Canonsburg, Washington county, Penn-
sylvania. He attended the public schools
of Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, until 1859,
and then entered Washington and Jeffer-
son College at Washington, Pennsylva-
nia, where he remained until 1862, when
he enlisted in the army.

He joined Company G, 140th Pennsyl-
vania Volunteer Infantry Regiment, in
which his elder brother was lieutenant,
and served four years. The various com-
panies forming the regiment were ren-
dezvoused at Camp Curtin, where, on
September 8, 1862, they were organized
into the 140th Regiment, and sent to
the Army of the Potomac. He was pro-
moted to sergeant, August 7, 1863 ; to
first sergeant, September i, 1863; to sec-
ond lieutenant, December 10, 1864; com-
missioned first lieutenant, April 16, 1864,
and captain May 16, 1865, and mustered
out with the company, May 31, 1865. He
served through four campaigns, and was
in twenty battles, including Gettysburg,
in which his company was one of the line
that received Pickett's famous charge,
and the 140th Regiment of Pennsylva-
nia Volunteers was said to have lost
more men than any other regiment in
the war except three. He commanded
Company G, 140th Pennsylvania, after
the death of Captain Wilson, April 14,
1865, and was on General Miles' staff
about six weeks in 1864.

After leaving the army he returned to

Washington and Jefferson College, grad-
uating as A.B. therefrom in i866; he
then attended the Western Theological
Seminary at Allegheny, Pennsylvania,
and graduated therefrom in 1869, having
studied there under the noted Rev. Sam-
uel J. Wilson, D.D. In 1870 he took a
special post-graduate course at Princeton
Seminary, Princeton, New Jersey, and
in March, 1870, received a call to the
Presbyterian church at Churchville,
Maryland, where he remained until 1874.
From 1874 to 1878 he was pastor at the
Pine Street Presbyterian Church, Har-
risburg, Pennsylvania ; 1878 to 1882 at
the New York Avenue Presbyterian
Church, Washington, D. C., where his
church was attended by four supreme
court justices. From 1882 to 1893 he
was pastor of the West Church, Forty-
second street. New York City, and since
then pastor of the New York Presby-
terian Church. For seven years he
served as chaplain of the 7th New York
Regiment, National Guard. At the time
Dr. Paxton came to New York as a min-
ister, his church paid him the largest
salary ($12,000), then received by any
pastor; it was afterwards raised to $15,-
000, and he had among his laymen Jay
Gould and other members of his family,
among whom was Helen Gould, baptized
by him.

Dr. Paxton married Mary Lindsey,
daughter of John Lindsey, a noted iron
manufacturer, November 20, 1870, at
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Issue: i. Re-
becca Paxton, died aged about thirteen
years. 2. Elizabeth Paxton, died aged
about three years. 3. John Randolph
Paxton, born 1877, at Harrisburg, Penn-
sylvania : graduated at Yale University,
A.B., in 1898; studied law in New York
Law School, and graduated therefrom as
LL.B. in 1901 ; was admitted to the New
York bar the same year, and died May
21, 1912, in New York City. 4. Mary El-
kin Paxton, born November 22, 1875, at

594

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania ; graduated
with honors at Ogontz Women's Col-
lege near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ;
married Harry L. Hamlin, of Chicago, Il-
linois, September 6, 1902, and has issue,
two children : a daughter, who died an
infant ; and Judith Hamlin.

The antecedents of Dr. Paxton were
stanch Presbyterian for several centuries,
and he has, in a sense, merely followed
in the footsteps of his forefathers ; how-
ever, he has brought signal ability to his
work, which has been crowned with
great success. He comes not only of a
family of strong religious convictions,
but they have given the world soldiers
and patriots as well. He is a companion
of the Military Order of the Loyal Le-
gion ; was chaplain at the famous Grant
memorial dinner given to General Grant
in New York City upon his return from
a trip around the world ; chaplain of the
Loyal Legion; member of the Pennsyl-
vania Society in New York, also of the
Century Association, and for twenty-five
years a member of the Union League
Club in New York City. He received
the honorary degree of Doctor of Divin-
ity from Union College, New York.

MAGILL, EDWARD W.,

Iiatryer, Jurist.

Among the jurists who have served in
the courts of Philadelphia there was per-
haps none more beloved than the late
Judge Edward W. Magill, and although
he had served only for the six years prior
to his death, he had so endeared himself
to the members of the bar that the mem-
ory of his life and service will be cher-
ished through the years by the many
whose privilege it was to know him. The
fatal termination of an illness, not until
its latest stages accounted dangerous, oc-
casioned great surprise to members of
the bar and those others who knew Judge
Magill, because apparently he was a man

of powerful constitution. Among his
qualifications for service on the bench
noted by the committee which, represent-
ing six hundred members of the bar, pe-
titioned for his appointment to the judi-
ciary was "his rugged strength," yet at
the age of fifty-five, and only after an
illness of ten days, he was taken away.

Edward W. Magill was born January
27, 1858, in Solesbury township, Bucks
county, on the Delaware, sixteen miles
above Trenton. He was of Quaker an-
tecedents. His parents were Watson
Paxson and Mary Harvey Magill. The
father was an ardent Republican, and
one of the founders of the party in this
State. He was a member of the State
Legislature in 1853, and was a candidate
for presidential elector in 1856. The late
Edward H. Magill, president of Swarth-
more College, was an uncle.

Judge Magill received his early edu-
cation in the public schools, and at a
private academy at Lambertville, New
Jersey. He later attended Swarthmore
College and the University of Pennsyl-
vania, and graduated from the Law
School of the latter institution in June,
1881. From that time to 1885 he was in
the law office of Alexander & Warwick.
Later he formed a partnership with his
first cousin, Mr. Carroll R. Williams,
which was terminated in 1891, when he
associated himself with Robert Alexander
until the time of the latter's death.

Judge Magill was never active in poli-
tics, and had no political backing in his
candidacy for the bench. But he might
have become a Judge before he did.
Many prominent lawyers tried to induce
him to accept an appointment to a previ-
ous vacancy, but he refused to allow his
name to be presented to the Governor
until the time of Judge Beitler's retire-
ment from the bench of Court No. i, in
February, 1907. A week after Mr. Beit-
ler's retirement, Governor Stuart ap-
pointed Mr. Magill a judge on February
595

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

II, 1907, the first judge named by that
Governor.

Judge Magill is survived by a widow,
who was Miss Carrie Altemus, of Phila-
delphia, to whom he was married in June,
1888. Their only son, Watson H. Ma-
gill, is a member of the Philadelphia bar.

At a meeting of the Bench and Bar held
in memory of Judge Magill a minute was
adopted which reads in part as follows:

The Bench and Bar have learned with pro-
found sorrow of the death of their colleague
and brother, Edward Walter Magill, for six
years an Associate Judge of Court of Common
Pleas No. i, of Philadelphia County.

Resolved, That in the death of Edward Walter
Magill the Bench and Bar have lost a colleague
and a brother, considerate of the rights of
others, courteous in his treatment of friend and
foe, exact in his statement of facts, just in his
administration of the law, punctual in keeping his
engagements, industrious in habit, of broad legal
experience, and well equipped with a knowledge
of principles, and displaying judgment as well
as skill in their application. His unexpected and
untimely death in the meridian of his powers
and usefulness impresses us with a profound
sense of loss, and an appreciation of the value
of his career.

Chief Justice D. Newlin Fell, an inti-
mate friend of Judge Magill, presided at
the meeting, and upon taking the chair
said :

We meet in memory of a man whom we hon-
ored and loved, who for a third of a century
worked with us and possessed in the fullest
measure our confidence and esteem, whose death
leaves a void that will not be filled. What most
appeals to us today, as we stand near his open
grave, is not his greatness as a lawyer and
judge, but his honest, sterling worth as a man
— the loss of his efficient aid and his charming
companionship. I knew Judge Magill from his
earliest childhood; I knew his parents and his
grandparents. He had an honored lineage. From
the founding of the commonwealth his ancestors
represented, generation after generation, all that
was best in citizenship and social life, and he
lived up to the highest traditions of the family.
He was a just, generous and manly man, who
commanded the respect of all who came within
touch of his life. That such a man, at the

height of his usefulness, in the fullness of his
great powers, at a time when sane thought and
manly courage are so much needed, should be
called from the work that he was doing so well,
is to our finite understanding incomprehensible.
We can feel reconciled to it only as we realize
that it was ordained in the Infinite, the Divine
plan, whose wisdom we do not question.

There were many other tributes that
were spoken at this meeting, but none
perhaps which gave a keener analysis of
the man as a judge than the words of
Judge F. Amedee Bregy, colleague of
Judge Magill, and Presiding Judge of the
court. He said:

Mr. Chairman and gentlemen: Truly it is a
short step from the gilded hall "to the bier and
the shroud." Less than two weeks ago. Judge
Magill, sitting in the chair now occupied by the
Chief Justice, delivered his last charge to a
jury. At that time death stood by his side, with
his hand upon his shoulder, calling him away.
One year ago today, at this hour, this room was
the scene of a festive gathering, at the conclu-
sion of which our friend clasped my hand in
congratulation. Such things teach their sad les-
son. I will merely allude to the purity of his
private life, the fidelity of his friendship and
his domestic devotion, because the sweet perfume
of these qualities was radiated upon all who
had the privilege of knowing him. I will pass
by without extended comment the learning and
appreciation of legal principles that made him
the great lawyer you all know he was. I do
want, however, to say a few words about Judge
^lagill as a judge. His work, as it was done
in the public eye, has been seen and received
your approval, I am sure. What you have not
seen is the serious and important work that is
done in the consultation room by an industrious,
conscientious judge who has an appreciation of
his great responsibility. Judge Magill was not
a man to agree with a colleague unless he was
satisfied that the result was right and had been
reached in the proper way. He was quick to ap-
preciate the point of all arguments and to find
the error that was on the one side or the other.
He was tolerant but unyielding till convinced.
Judge Magill was an ideal Minister of Justice;
he served at her altar with unsullied ermine
and a devotion to duty that was inspiring. He
had no fear of the powerful, but the weak and
unprotected had his sympathy and his help.
My affection for him and sorrow at his death

596

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

are subjects too delicate to here discuss. I will
simply say that I am a better man, a better
lawyer and a better judge for having known and
been associated with Edward W. Magill. The
reaper. Death, has cut down the grain, but God
has gathered in the sheaf. That is our comfort.

LAWRENCE, William Watson,

Freaident of National I>ead Company.

William Watson Lawrence, president
of the National Lead Company, New
York City, is a grandson of Joseph Law-
rence, who was born in Adams county,
Pennsylvania, in 1788, a son of John and
Sarah (Moffitt) Lawrence. After the
death of the father, the mother, with
three sons and six daughters, removed
to a farm eight miles east of Washing-
ton, Washington county, Pennsylvania,
in 1791. Joseph Lawrence received a
limited education, and assisted in the
cultivation of the farm. He was a rep-
resentative in the State Legislature,
1818-24, and speaker for two sessions ;
representative in the Nineteenth and
Twentieth Congresses, 1825-29, where he
supported the policy of Henry Clay, who
was a personal friend, and the candidacy
of John Quincy Adams for president. He
was again a representative in the State
Legislature, 1834-36; State Treasurer in
1837; and a representative in the Twen-
ty-seventh Congress, 1841-42, but did not
live to serve out this term. He was
summoned from Washington in 1842 to
the deathbed of a son and daughter, and
while there contracted the disease that
resulted in his death in Washington, D.
C, April 17, 1842, the funeral oration
being pronounced by James Buchanan,
later President of the United States. He
married (first), 1814, Rebecca Van
Eman, who died in 1822, and (second),
1826, Maria Bucher, of Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania. William Caldwell Ander-
son Lawrence (1832-1860), and Samuel
Lawrence, both representatives in the

Pennsylvania Legislature, were children
of the second marriage.

Colonel John Jacob Lawrence, son of
Joseph and Alaria (Bucher) Lawrence,
was born in Washington county, Penn-
sylvania, March 7, 1827, and died March
28, 1903. He married Anna Elizabeth,
born January 17, 1830, now living at
Washington, D. C, and a daughter of
General David C. Watson, of Northum-
berland county, Pennsylvania. In addi-
tion to William Watson Lawrence,
Colonel and Mrs. Lawrence had children
as follows: Joseph and Ellen, deceased;
Theresa Maria, born at Huntingdon,
March 30, 1861, married Rev. William R.
Turner; Anna Margaret, born at Hunt-
ingdon, June I, 1864; John Jacob, born
at Renovo, Pennsylvania, October 5,
1865, married Louise Andrews, of Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, died December, 191 1, hav-
ing had children : Louise, John Jacob,
William Watson and Miriam ; Mary Su-
san, born at Erie, Pennsylvania, Janu-
ary 15, 1869, now living in Washington,
D. C.

William Watson Lawrence was born
at Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Pennsylvania, April 22, 1859. Attended
the Western University Preparatory
School, matriculated at Princeton Uni-
versity in 1875, and was graduated with
the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the
class of 1878. He then entered upon his
business career with his father's firm,
Suydam, Lawrence & Co., manufac-
turers of white lead and linseed oil, July
I, 1878. He was employed by this firm
and by its successor, M. B. Suydam &
Company, for some years, going into
business on his own account in 1884
under the firm name of W. W. Lawrence
& Co., manufacturers of paint. With
others, in 1893 he organized the Sterling
White Lead Company, of which Mr.
Lawrence was vice-president. In 1903
this business was sold to the National
Lead Company. Mr. Lawrence was

597

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

elected treasurer of the National Lead
Company, subsequently became vice-
president, and in September, 1910, was
elected president, in which capacity he is
serving it at the present time. Mr. Law-
rence is connected with a number of
other corporations and enterprises. He
is a director of the Seaboard National
Bank of New York City, and of the
Western National Bank, of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.

Mr. Lawrence is a Republican in poli-
tics. He is a member of the Society of
the Colonial Wars, the Military Order of
the Loyal Legion, the Pennsylvania So-
ciety of New York, and the American
Whig Society of Princeton University,
which was founded by President James
Madison. He is also a member of the
University, Metropolitan, Westchester
Country, Riding and Automobile Club of
America, and Princeton clubs, of New
York City; Duquesne Club, of Pitts-
burgh ; and the Maryland Club, of Bal-
timore. He is a member of the St. Nich-
olas Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church,
of New York City.

Mr. Lawrence married, October 25,
1910, Jane, born in Montreal, Canada,
May 20, 1879, a daughter of David and
Margaret Yuile, of Montreal. They have
no children. The family residence is at
No. 9 East 89th street, New York City.

HODGE, Richard Morse, D.D.,

CXergjiaan, Educator, Author.

Rev. Richard Morse Hodge, D.D., Lec-
turer in Biblical Literature, Extension
Teaching, at Columbia University, New
York City, is a representative of an old
Pennsylvania family which for four con-
secutive generations has been distin-
guished in the learned professions, and
has been largely instrumental in the up-
building and maintenance of the scientific
and religious interests of the Keystone
State.

Hugh Hodge, great-grandfather of
Rev. Richard Morse Hodge, was a soldier
in the patriot army of the Revolution.
He was a son of Andrew and Jane (Mc-
Culloch) Hodge, and was born August
20, 1755. He was engaged in the prac-
tice of medicine. He married Maria,

daughter of Joseph and (Hunt)

Blanchard of Boston, and they were the
parents of two sons : Hugh Lenox, men-
tioned below ; and Charles, who was for
more than half a century a distinguished
professor at Princeton Theological Sem-
inary. The death of Dr. Hodge, which
occurred July 14, 1798, was much re-
gretted as that of a man who had faith-
fully served his community both as phy-
sician and as citizen.

Dr. Hugh Lenox Hodge, eldest son
of Dr. Hugh and Maria (Blanchard)
Hodge, was born June 27, 1796, in Phil-
adelphia, and in 1814 graduated at
Princeton University. He subsequently
studied medicine, graduating in 1818,
and then, in order to defray the expense
of a course of study in Europe, went as
ship surgeon to India. In the great epi-
demic of Asiatic cholera which visited
the United States in 1832, the knowledge
of this disease gained by Dr. Hodge
during his sojourn in the East proved
of inestimable value. In 1820 Dr. Hodge
returned to Philadelphia without the de-
sired funds, and in consequence was
obliged to engage at once in the prac-
tice of his profession. His advancement
was rapid, and in 1821, when Dr. Horner,
of the University of Pennsylvania,
visited Europe, Dr. Hodge was selected
to teach his anatomical class. In 1823
he was chosen as a lecturer on surgery
in Dr. Chapman's summer school, and
later succeeded to the lectureship on an-
atomy and surgery in the University of
Pennsylvania. Subsequently, by reason
of failing sight, he exchanged this po-
sition for that of the lectureship on
obstetrics, and in 1835 succeeded to the

598

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

chair of obstetrics. On resigning in 1863
he was made professor emeritus for the
remainder of his life. Dr. Hodge was
the author of several works on obstetrics,
and the inventor of a number of obstet-
rical instruments. He married, in 1828,
Margaret E., daughter of John Aspinwall
and Susan (Howland) Aspinwall, of
New York, and their son, John Aspin-
wall, is mentioned below. On February
26, 1873, Dr. Hodge died, "full of years
and of honors."

Dr. John Aspinwall Hodge, son of
Dr. Hugh Lenox and Margaret (Aspin-
wall) Hodge, was born August 12, 1831,
in Philadelphia, and graduated from the
University of Pennsylvania. He studied
theology, and was admitted to the min-
istry of the Presbyterian church. Sub-
sequently he was professor of the Eng-
lish Bible at Lincoln University, Penn-
sylvania. Professor Hodge married.
May 14, 1857, Charlotte Gebhard. born
May 28, 1834, in New York City, daugh-
ter of Richard Cary and Sarah Louisa
(Davis) Morse, and their son, Richard
Morse, is mentioned below. On June 23,
1901, Professor Hodge passed away, in
the seventieth year of a life of earnest
and fruitful endeavor.

Rev. Richard Morse Hodge, son of
John Aspinwall and Charlotte (Gebhard)
Hodge, was born May 25, 1864, at
Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, and re-
ceived his preparatory education in the
public schools, including the high school,
of Hartford, Connecticut. In 1882 he en-
tered Princeton University, graduating
in 1886 with the degree of Bachelor of
Arts, and in 1888 receiving from his alma
mater that of Master of Arts. In 1901
Nashville University (Tennessee) con-
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of
Divinity.

In 1890 Dr. Hodge was called to the
pastorate of the Westminster Presby-
terian Church, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
remaining until the close of 1892. In

1893 he was called to the Church of the
Covenant, Riverton, New Jersey, and
ministered to this congregation until
1895. In that year he became superin-
tendent of the Training School for
Women Missionaries, Fredericksburg,
Virginia, filling this position until 1898,
when he became superintendent of the
Bible Institute at Nashville, Tennessee.
He remained there until 1901, becoming
in that year Director of Extension
Courses for Lay Workers at Union The-
ological Seminary. This position was
held by Dr. Hodge until 1907. Since
1907 he has been lecturer in Biblical
Literature, Extension Teaching, at Co-
lumbia University.

In addition to his work as a lecturer.
Dr. Hodge has aided with his pen the
cause of religious education. He is the
author of the following works: "His-
torical Atlas of the Life of Jesus," 1898 ;
"New Testament Authors and their
Works," 1910: and "Historical Maps of
Bible Lands." He has also written a
number of pamphlets on Biblical Litera-
ture and has contributed to magazines
and newspapers many valuable articles
on the subject of religious education.
Having traveled extensively through
Egypt and Palestine he is equipped with
exceptional thoroughness for his work in
the university and as a writer for the
press.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and civic virtue Dr. Hodge
stands in the front rank. Politically an
Independent, he is a vigilant and atten-
tive observer of men and measures, ever
giving loyal support to such, as in his
judgment, will further the ends of munici-
pal reform. He belongs to the Society of
Biblical Literature and Exegesis, the In-
dependent Club of the West Side, and the
National Story-Tellers' League, holding
in the last-named organization the office
of secretary. He is a member of the Pres-
byterian church. A man of strong charac-

599

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ter and vigorous mentality, Dr. Hodge
is also endowed with those personal
qualities which win and hold friends.
As an instructor he is in his methods
both forceful and felicitous, winning the
afifections and commanding the respect of
all those privileged to be his pupils. His
countenance is expressive of his domi-
nant traits of character and his manner
is dignified and courteous both in social
intercourse and on the lecture platform.
He is a forceful, clear and polished
speaker and his utterances are marked
by an earnestnes that carries conviction
with it.

Dr. Hodge married, June 28, 1888,
Alice, born August 12, i860, in Orange,
New Jersey, daughter of Edward and
Mary (Morse) Austen, and they are the
parents of two children : Genevieve Aus-
ten, born September 22, 1894, at River-
ton, New Jersey, now at school in
Springfield, Massachusetts ; and Edward
Austen, born March 30, 1896, at Fred-
ericksurg, Virginia, now at school in
Tarrytown, New York.

Dr. Hodge is now identified with New
York's historic university, and it will al-
ways be a matter of pride to Columbia
that she can point to his name on her an-
nals. But he is Pennsylvania's son. The
noble records of his father and grand-
father form part of the history of the
Keystone State, and the old Common-
wealth justly demands that beside their
names shall stand that of Richard Morse
Hodge.

SCHOEN, Charles T.,

Manufacturer, Inventor.

There are many names so closely con-
nected with the steel industry in the
United States that they are credited with
the inventions that forced the industry
into the front rank of American enter-
prises. In reality they were merely the
managerial heads, and in most instances

men without mechanical skill or ability.
A notable exception is Charles T. Schoen,
inventor, patentee, owner, and manufac-
turer, of the Schoen pressed steel system
of car construction, and father of the
pressed steel car, now in use on every
railroad of any importance in the United
States and on many foreign roads. His
connection with the construction of
pressed steel cars has not only been in a
supervisory capacity, but in the begin-
ning of the manufacture of pressed steel
parts in Philadelphia, Mr. Schoen was
one of the four workers in his shop,
drawing the hot plates from the fire side
by side with the others, and it is his
proud boast that he "could do the same
today." To invent and to bring into ex-
istence such a great business as the man-
ufacture of pressed steel cars has become
would satisfy even an extraordinary man,
but not Mr. Schoen, who, seeing the in-
adequacy of the cast iron car wheel for
the high speeds and heavy loads of mod-
ern railway service, developed a forged
and rolled steel car wheel, now in general
use on engine trucks and tenders, passen-
gers and freight steam railway cars, ele-
vated, subway and street cars. So to
Mr. Schoen's creative genius and me-
chanical ability our country owes an en-
tirely new business of vast proportions.
He is a real "captain of industry," a title
gained not by manipulation, govern-
mental favor, or lucky association, but by
virtue of genius, courage, brain, muscle
and hard work. A pleasing feature of
Mr. Schoen's life is the fact that all his
hopes for the success of the pressed steel
car and the forged steel wheel have been
realized during his life-time. Nowhere
can he go by rail but he listens to the
clicking and humming of wheels invented
by himself, bearing to their destination
cars also of his own invention, both, per-
haps, of his own manufacture. To this
he adds the thought that he has more
nearly insured the safety of life, increased

600

/c^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the pleasure of travel, and added to the
wealth of his country. These are the re-
wards that daily and hourly come to the
kindly hearted, great man, who, upon
dropping the cares of a large business,
has sought amid the rural beauties of
Delaware county a home for his declining
years.

Charles T. Schoen is a son of Henry
Casper and Emmeline (Robinson)
Schoen, of the State of Delaware, who
had other sons, William, Henry H., and
James Allen. He was born in the State
of Delaware, December 9, 1844, and at
the present date is in his sixty-ninth
year. When he was four years of age his
parents moved to Wilmington, Delaware,
which was his home until 1878. There
he obtained his education and there
learned, under his father's instruction,
the trade of cooper. At the age of
eighteen years he had saved enough
money to attend Taylors Academy, at
the same time working four hours daily
in the shop. He read, studied, and
worked in Wilmington in 1865, a key to
his success being found in such mental
and physical activity as the story of his
youth indicates. In 1865, being then
married and ambitious, he sought a wider
field than Wilmington furnished, going
to Philadelphia, where he worked at his
trade. This brought him into relation
with Taylor and Gillespie, sugar refiners,
the latter becoming his especial friend.
Desirous of establishing in business for
himself he entered into a contract with
Mr. Gillespie to supply his firm with mo-
lasses barrels. Thus at the age of twen-
ty-one years he was married and owned
a business emplo3'ing twelve men. He
continued in successful business for a
time, but through a bad debt failed. Not
discouraged, in company with a friend he
went West, arriving in Chicago early in
the morning, their combined cash capital
amounting to seventy-nine cents. Be-
fore night he had secured work at his

trade, but after two months returned to
Philadelphia. Soon after his return he
secured a position with Charles Scott as
manager of his car spring works, at a
salary of twelve dollars per week. He
took a great interest in his new work,
determining to become, sooner or later, a
partner in the business. He lived on five
dollars a week, sending the balance to
his wife in Wilmington. Soon he was re-
ceiving fifteen, then eighteen dollars
weekly, and at the end of a year de-
manded an interest in the business. Mr.
Scott flatly refused, but later changed his
decision by giving Mr. Schoen fifteen
hundred dollars a year salary and a one-
fifth interest. This amounted at the end
of the first year to about seventeen thou-
sand dollars. The second year Air.
Schoen made several improvements and
took out some patents for the firm that
netted a profit of thirty-five thousand
dollars. He then demanded and received
a one-third interest in the firm.

Being in Washington one day with
several hours to spare, he visited the
railroad yards and while looking over the
construction of the freight cars was im-
pressed with the feasibility of using
pressed steel for the different parts, then
made of cast iron. He studied out the
problem and soon took out his first
patent on a pressed steel stake pocket.
This he followed with others, all in his
own name, considering properly that, as
they did not affect the car spring busi-
ness of his own firm, the patents were
his individual property. This caused
a rupture that led to Mr. Schoen's
withdrawal from the firm. Speaking of
this period in 1900, he said: "I had
saved sixty thousand dollars, so in 1888,
after I had withdrawn from the spring
business, I started in the manufacture of
pressed steel. My shop was only fifty by
one hundred feet and there were only
four of us to work in it, my nephew, who
is vice-president of the present company.

601

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

my son, who is a director, another man,
and myself. I drew the hot plates from
the furnace and handed them to my
nephew and my son, who at that time
were mere lads. I could do the same to-
day. We kept right at work, the busi-
ness grew, and in a short time we were
making many parts of pressed steel for
wooden cars. I paid strict attention to
business, as a man must do to succeed,
and in a short time we enlarged the plant
and employed a number of men. Then I
engaged my brother, who has since died,
as salesman."

He had organized as the Schoen
Pressed Steel Company, and manufac-
tured only under his own patents. In
1889 he moved his business to Pitts-
burgh, establishing his plant at Schoen-
ville, near that city. At this time, 1890,
his payroll consisted of but fourteen
names, men and boys. He had been con-
stantly at work perfecting his designs for
an entire pressed steel car and after go-
ing to Pittsburgh continued in this work
until he had it completed and entirely
covered with patents. The entire num-
ber of patents issued to Mr. Schoen on
cars and car parts is about one hundred
and twenty-five, this number including a
graduated car spring, invented while con-
nected with the Scott Car Spring firm. He
continued manufacturing steel parts for
some time, in the meantime seeking to
interest railroad officials in an entire
pressed steel car for freight service. In
1897 there was a rumor afloat that the
Pittsburgh, Bessemer & Lake Erie Rail-
road was to change hands. Mr. Schoen
saw in this an opportunity and asked for
an order for the pressed steel cars. He
thus tells the story :

"I immediately set at work on a draw-
ing and worked like a beaver. When the
new interest gained control I was per-
sistent in my efforts to get the order."
A part of the work may be inferred from
the following letter:

Skibo Castle, July 5, 1898.
Dear Mr. Schoen — Many thanks for the
beautiful illustrations of your great work. I am
watching the steel car question with deep inter-
est and just because I am so anxious that it
should prove a success, I am not without any
anxiety.

If your steel cars are to displace wooden cars
you take your place with the few great benefac-
tors. We now boast of Pittsburgh's Westing-
house and Brashear, and I hope we are to add
a third name ere long.

Wishing you deserved success and with re-
newed thanks.

Always very truly yours,

(Signed) ANDREW CARNEGIE.
To Charles T. Schoen, Esq.,
President Schoen Pressed Steel Co.,
Pittsburgh, Pa.

"Finally I got the order, not for
twenty but two hundred cars. Then the
railroad people thought that if they were
to order any they might as well plunge,
so the order was increased to six hun-
dred cars. The problem that then con-
fronted me was how to fill the order. I
had not the facilities for building even
one car, and the money involved was six
hundred thousand dollars, but I had the
pressed steel works for making parts and
I had plenty of energy. We started in
the old shop and kept enlarging. At
length we averaged one car a day, then
two, three, four, and finally, eight. At
the end of nine months the order was
filled and a five hundred thousand dollar
plant had been erected over the heads of
the workmen.

"Where is the next order to come
from? I asked myself. If the railroads
don't take hold of this I shall be ruined.
I hardly slept until after arguments and
exemplifications I had secured an order
from the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Rail-
road, an order for one hundred and fifty-
cars. Then came one from the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad for two hundred, closely
followed by one from the Pittsburgh &
Western Railroad for five hundred cars.
I had saved the day. Then I broke down

602

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

in health and was wafted away to Ber-
muda for six weeks' rest."

The capital required to finance these
large operations was secured by the or-
ganization of the Pressed Steel Car Com-
pany, which took over the property of
the Schoen Pressed Steel Company and
the one hundred and twenty-five patents
issued to Mr. Schoen. The capital of
the new company was twenty-five mil-
lion dollars, Mr. Schoen retaining a very
large interest and becoming president of
the company, his nephew vice-president,
his son a director.

Orders flowed in and within one year
the company had four million dollars'
worth of untouched orders upon its
books. In 1898 the Fox Pressed Steel
Company was absorbed. A plant was
erected in Allegheny which in 1900 was
turning out forty cars daily; the Pitts-
burgh plant was building sixty cars
daily; and thirty thousand tons of steel
were being used monthly. This large
business naturally attracted the attention
of the Carnegie interests, who were only
prevented from building a rival plant by
a contract for steel for a period of ten
years, involving a sum of one hundred
million dollars. The value of the steel
car for all forms of heavy freight serv-
ice was soon demonstrated and in the
year 1900 the company had not only
these works at Pittsburgh in full opera-
tion, but also one at Joliet, Illinois. They
employed nearly ten thousand men and
were doing an annual business of thirty
millions of dollars, with Mr. Schoen con-
stantly at work in the direction of a still
more general application of the all steel
pressed system to special cars of passen-
ger type. In 1902 he resigned from the
presidency of the company, also from the
board of directors and sold practically all
his stock in the company. At that time,
the Pittsburgh, Bessemer & Lake Erie
Railroad, his first customer, had bought
four thousand three hundred all steel

603

cars of the "hopper" and "gondola"
types, the Pennsylvania nine thousand,
while every leading railway of the coun-
try was rapidly adding all steel freight
cars to its equipment. Sales had also
been made abroad and in 1900 Henrik
von Z. Loss, a noted engineer, presented
the claims of the Schoen Pressed Steel
system on car construction to the Inter-
national Railway Congress in Paris. Mr.
Schoen's connection with the company
ceased in 1902, but he had seen the frui-
tion of his hopes in the adoption of the
"all steel" car to every branch of the
railway service.

For four years he had devoted himself
to experiments in solid forged and rolled
steel wheels for railroad cars, both pas-
senger and freight, expending in experi-
menting, patents, etc., one and a half
million dollars of his own money. He
finally perfected his invention and erected
a large plant for the manufacture of solid
forged and rolled steel wheels, under his
own patents. The value of the all steel
car to the railroads had so impressed the
railroad officials that when he announced
a new wheel superior to the ones they
were using they immediately responded
with orders. The value of the wheel is
so great that it is to-day in use on steam
and electric roads everywhere in the
United States, Europe and Africa. The
Schoen Steel Wheel Company, Ltd., have
a plant in Leeds, England, in which Mr.
Schoen is largely interested, and which
manufactures wheels under his patents.
The following relating to steel wheels is
from his old friend of early pressed steel
car days :

Skibo Castle, July 11, 1908.
My Dear Mr. Schoen— I have faith in your
prediction. You have proved a true prophet be-
fore. Nothing like steel.
Very truly yours,

(Signed) ANDREW CARNEGIE.
Charles T. Schoen,

loi Arcade Building,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

In 1907 he sold his plant and patents
to the United States Steel Corporation
and retired to his estate in Delaware
county, Pennsylvania, leaving upon the
annals of steel manufacturing and rail-
roading a name and a record that even
time cannot efface. Without a falter, he
placed reputation and wealth upon a con-
viction that could only be the fruit of a
master mind. He conquered obstacles
that would have appalled many, and
mankind is his debtor. Certain it is that
but few men have lived to see the results
of their ambitions, perseverance and
brains, as plainly and to as great an ex-
tent as has been the lot of Mr. Schoen.

After his retirement from the steel
wheel manufacturing business, Mr.
Schoen retired to his estate in the beauti-
ful Rose Valley of Delaware county,
where in 1903 he had purchased the Os-
borne farm of seventy-five acres, on
which were water power and the ruins of
an old woolen mill. He tore down the
old farm house and on its site erected
"Schon Haus," a beautiful modern coun-
try gentleman's mansion. With the in-
stinct of a true husbandman he planted
extensive orchards and otherwise im-
proved on a liberal basis. In 1908 he
bought Todmorden farm of two hundred
and ten acres, the Levis farm of forty-
four acres, later purchasing fifty-one
acres from the Rose Valley Association,
combining all under the name "Rose Val-
ley Farms." He has either built or re-
paired all the buildings thereon, and
otherwise added to the beauty and at-
tractiveness of this most charming rural
locality.

The term "retired" in Mr. Schoen's
case only means that he has turned to
other forms of activity. In 1909 he built
on the old waterpower on his estate a
mill for the manufacture of that "giant
in power" but "miser in fuel," the Feps
carburetor, and flexible metallic hose for
conveying, under high pressure and heat.

steam, water, oil, air, etc., made in brass,
bronze, or steel. These articles are man-
ufactured by the Schoen-Jackson Com-
pany, Mr. Jackson being his son-in-law.
The name Feps is coined from the first
letters of the four cardinal features of
the new carburetor, F for flexibility, E
for economy, P for power, and S for
speed. The plant is equipped with the
most modern machinery and has a ca-
pacity of ninety thousand carburetors
yearly as well as a testing laboratory for
motors and carburetors, probably the
most perfectly equipped in the United
States. Mr. Schoen has built for his pri-
vate use, as well as for that of the
Schoen-Jackson Company, a stone office
building of quaint and beautiful design.
This is ostensibly his working place, but
the cares of business were long ago laid
aside or placed on younger shoulders, and
the office is rather his resting place than
his place of business, although the af-
fairs of Schoen-Jackson are vigorously
prosecuted by the junior partner, who
profits by the experience and advice of
his senior. An item of interest in Mr.
Schoen's life is the fact that he was one
of the first men in this county to carry
a large amount of life insurance.

Mr. Schoen and his wife are members
of the Park Avenue Methodist Episcopal
Church of Philadelphia. He is a Repub-
lican in politics, and in 1912 was promi-
nently mentioned as a candidate for Con-
gress. He is a member of the Union
League and the Manufacturers' Club of
Philadelphia, the Lawyers' Club of New
York, the Duquesne Club of Pittsburgh,
and many railroad and manufacturing as-
sociations.

Mr. Schoen married, in 1864, Lavinia
J., daughter of James and Mary North,
of Wilmington, Delaware. Children: i.
Edwin A., who died at the age of thirty-
seven years ; he was associated in busi-
ness with his father from his boyhood to
his death, being the son alluded to as re-

604

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ceiving the hot plates from the father in
the little shop in Philadelphia; he mar-
ried Mary Louise, daughter of Senator
Charles A. Porter, and he left a son, Ed-
win (2). 2. Elsie, married Martin Haw-
ley McLanahan, of Philadelphia, and re-
sides in Rose Valley; they have a son,
Alexander, now in college. 3. Emeline,
married Dr. Reuben Held, of New York
City ; they have a son, Charles Johnson.
4. Lenore, married M. R. Jackson, junior
partner in the Schoen-Jackson Company;
their residence is a handsome country
mansion at the upper end of Rose Val-
ley ; their children are Lenore and Jane.
The foregoing record of the principal
events in the life of one of America's
great business men may properly close
with his own words, uttered to a friend
in 1900:

You ask me if I had any inspiration? I think
Smiles' little book, "Self-Help," which I read
when a boy, sowed within me the germ of ambi-
tion. I am a great believer in a young man hav-
ing self-confidence. He will then undertake al-
most anything, and will grasp opportunities
which he would otherwise be too faint-hearted
to undertake. Modesty in a young man is be-
coming, and a modest young man may have en-
ergetic powers in a high degree. Of course to
a great extent we are creatures of circumstance
even after we have done the best we can. I
never had a day of despair in my life, and I
think that what you are pleased to call my suc-
cess has been entirely due to my innate deter-
mination and pluck.

Resting in a thicket of old pine and
spruce trees, on a knoll in the beautiful
Rose Valley below Moylan, "Schon
Haus," the home of Mr. and Mrs. Charles
T. Schoen, could have no more appro-
priate title than that which has been
given it from the quaint tongue of the
Nord Deutsche. "Schon Haus" and
"Rose Valley Farm," on which it stands,
form a combination of mansion and coun-
try gentleman's estate that is distinctive
and delightful. The house, a gem of
architecture, was originally built in 1862,

and remodeled in 1904 for Mr. Schoen b\'
his son-in-law, Martin Hawley McLana-
han, who also designed and built many
of the houses in Rose Valley. The house
belongs to no single one of the old
schools of architecture, but the best of
many schools has gone to make the
"House Beautiful." Built of stone and
plaster and topped by a red tiled roof
with far-projecting eaves, its air of sub-
stantiality impresses one as it is seen
from the drive through the stately ever-
greens which surround it. No detail of
the landscape gardener's art that could
add to the general attractiveness has
been overlooked in laying out the
grounds. One most interesting and beau-
tiful feature is the pergola leading from
the quaint water tower to the main
house, which, in the varying seasons, is
covered by the clustering blooms from
which the valley derives its name. An-
other is the old-fashioned flower garden,
a riot of color, reached through a rose
arbor. The orchards, already in bounti-
ful bearing, contain four thousand trees,
planted ten years ago, classed as among
the best apple orchards in the State.
There is an orchard on each of the three
original farms comprising Rose Valley,
covering in all about one hundred acres.
"Schon Haus" is never closed and within
is a perfect example of the exquisite taste
that makes for home comfort, with its
massive furnittire, unique wood carving,
sculpture, and many works of art.

No visitor ever leaves "Schon Haus"
without first looking over the "farm," of
which the owner is justly proud. Over
four hundred acres are in a perfect state
of cultivation, well stocked with valuable
farm animals. As one listens to the vari-
ous bits of history connected with his
live stock, it is hard to realize that this
gentleman farmer is the man who was
decorated with the Legion of Honor by
the French government for having bv his

605

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

inventions "reduced the cost of railroad
transportation" for the entire world.

In one corner of the garden is a sun
dial made from a huge steel car wheel,
bearing the number one hundred and
two, one of the first two hundred wheels
manufactured by Mr. Schoen under his
own patents. "It represents to me some
of my early struggles," says this quiet,
unassuming owner of the "House Beau-
tiful."

HODGSON, William Hall,
Jonmallst.

William Hall Hodgson, founder of the
"Daily Local News," of West Chester,
Pennsylvania, is a native of the State,
born in Doylestown, Bucks county, Octo-
ber 15, 1830.

John Hodgson, father of William Hall
Hodgson, came from England when five
years old, with his parents, William and
Ann Hodgson, who brought with them
other children: Francis, Sarah, Ann,
Mary and Jane ; and after their arrival
here, others were born to them : Benja-
min, William and Esther. John Hodg-
son, father of this family, learned the
trade of printer in the office of the "Vil-
lage Record," West Chester, and subse-
quently was a compositor on the Doyles-
town "Intelligencer." At that place he
married Elizabeth Hall. He went to
Norristown, and purchased the "Herald."
After a few years he sold that paper and
removed to Philadelphia, where he en-
gaged in the mercantile business. In
1842 he returned to West Chester and es-
tablished "The Jeflfersonian," a Demo-
cratic weekly, which was discontinued in
1912. Mr. Hodgson was its owner until
he disposed of it to his sons, William
and Charles, he continuing as editor until
1865, since which time his son William
was sole proprietor to its discontinuance.
In 1857 Mr. Hodgson was elected to the
Pennsylvania Legislature, as a Demo-

606

crat. He died in Chester, in 1877, soon
after establishing "The Times," a pres-
ent-day prosperous journal. His children
were: William Hall, of whom further
mention will be made; Elizabeth, wife of
J. Atwood Pyle, former postmaster of
West Grove, still living; and Annie,
Charles and John are deceased from acci-
dental causes. All the sons followed in
the footsteps of the father, and became
printers.

William Hall Hodgson, eldest son of
John Hodgson, became a printer's ap-
prentice when he was only twelve years
old, and has never engaged in any other
occupation. As an artist in the "art pre-
servative of all arts," he has always been
esteemed a master, by both members of
the craft and the general public. Be-
cause of his clean and intelligent work,
and the excellent taste displayed by him
in job printing and the make-up of his
newspaper, he has won the distinction of
bringing into these lines examples which
have been of value to his fellows as well
as a means of education to all who have
been brought within range of his pains-
taking efforts. November 19, 1872, he
began the publication of the West Ches-
ter "Daily Local News," with W. W.
Thomson as editor, and these two names
have been associated at the head of the
paper continuously to the present time,
a period of over forty-two years. In this
connection it is not out of place to say
that all of the reportorial force, the fore-
man, pressman, and several others in the
various departments of the paper, have
been connected with it from twenty to
over thirty years, all of which makes
evident that such ties of association could
not have existed but for a mutual respect
and satisfaction felt alike by employer
and employees.

"The Local News" has won a place in
the affections and esteem of the people
of Chester county and in many places be-
yond the county line because of its newsy

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

features, its fairness to all parties and
sects, and its straightforward manner of
serving its clientage, which is the largest
of any Pennsylvania inland daily paper.
Its equipment in the way of presses,
typesetting machines and other equip-
ment is not surpassed in any borough in
the United States, and its general success
is a marvel to newspaper makers
throughout the country. This enviable
position it has won upon the merits, by a
strict attention to business, and an unfal-
tering determination to make it a paper
for the people, a fireside necessity, and a
welcome daily visitor to the homes of an
enlightened and discriminating people.

In December, 1912, for the purpose of
perpetuating the "Daily Local News,"
Mr. Hodgson formed a corporation, bear-
ing the name of the Daily Local News
Publishing Company, of West Chester,
Pennsylvania. It is composed of four
members, one of the number being his
son. Mr. Hodgson is president of the
company, and under the new order of
things the paper gives promise of contin-
ued influence and success.

Mr. Hodgson has resided in West Ches-
ter continuously for nearly eighty years,
except a few months in 1857, which he
spent in the west on a prospecting and
business tour. In 1901, with his son, he
made a three months' tour of Europe,
having previously made a pleasure trip
to Bermuda. In politics he is a Demo-
crat. He is a member of the First Pres-
byterian Church of West Chester, and of
its board of trustees. He is also a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity, the Odd
Fellows, and the West Chester Social
Club.

Mr. Hodgson married (first) Alice
Clayton, who died childless after about
two years. He married (second) Sarah,
youngest daughter of Anthony and Maria
Rich, of Bucks county; she died child-
less, in August, 1865. Mr. Hodg-
son's third wife was Mrs. Wilhel-

mina Pierson, nee Dennison, of Phila-
delphia, their marriage taking place
in that city in 1872. Of this union was
born a son, Walter Dennison Hodgson,
of West Chester. The third and last
wife died in 1912.

In the passing of this sketch of one
who has made his imprint for good in the
community in which he has lived almost
continuously all of his long, useful and
active life, it is eminently fitting to add
that he enjoys at this period of his ad-
vanced years the respect and esteem of
all who share in his acquaintance. It
may be truthfully said of him that he has
gracefully met the advanced messengers
of age and grown "young" under the
touch of accumulating years, his mind,
habits, and powers of reasoning being as
fresh, practical and in touch with the de-
mands of the times, as they ever were.
He is to be found daily at his office look-
ing after its affairs with the same as-
siduity and keen business foresight as
have led up to desired results in the way
of honors and financial success.

GORDON, George Breed,

Prominent La-wyer.

One of the most forceful lawyers of
the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a
man whose even balance and disposition
go to make up a most excellent judicial
temperament, is to be found in the per-
son of George Breed Gordon, senior
member of the firm of Gordon & Smith,
whose well equipped offices are in the
Frick Building Annex. That the Scotch
are noted for their long-headedness is a
fact known the world over. Equally well
known is the clan of the Gordons, who
have taken a foremost rank in the annals
of Scottish history. The traits which
have distinguished the members of this
clan in the earlier generations have been
inherited in full measure by their Amer-
ican descendants, and have been supple-

607

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

mented by the progressiveness which is
so characteristic of modern times, and
of the American people in particular.

Alexander Gordon, great-grandfather
of George Breed Gordon, was born in
Aberdeen, Scotland, and took up his resi-
dence in Ireland for a time. In 1760 he
emigrated to America, and made his
home first in Berks county and later in
Carlisle, Pennsylvania. His death oc-
curred in 1794 and he was buried in Car-
lisle, Pennsylvania.

John, son of Alexander Gordon, was
born in Baltimore, Maryland, where he
was a merchant for many years, and
where he died. In 1891 he married Ma-
ria, born in York, Pennsylvania, 1786, a
daughter of Peter Gaertner, of York,
Pennsylvania, who was a native of Ger-
many. The name was later anglicized to
become Gardner. Mrs. Gordon removed
to York with her family after the death
of her husband, and she died in Pitts-
burgh in 1847.

Alexander, son of John and Maria
(Gaertner) Gordon, was born in Balti-
more, Maryland, January 30, 1813. He
was but five years of age when his
mother removed with her family to York,
Pennsylvania, and he lived there until
he had attained the age of nineteen years.
At that time he went to Louisville, Ken-
tucky, and three years later to Pitts-
burgh. He was engaged first in mercan-
tile business and later in coal mining un-
til his retirement from active business
life in 1879, '^"'i his death occurred Octo-
ber 31, 1894. Mr. Gordon married
Catherine, born June 8, 1823, daughter of
Matthias Ogden Edwards, and great-
great-granddaughter of President Jona-
than Edwards. Her birth occurred in
Binghamton, New York, and when she
was sixteen years of age she removed
with her parents to the State of Ohio.
Children : Rev. John, a Presbyterian
minister ; Orra Edwards, who resides in
Edgewood ; Alexander, engaged in the

lumber business ; George Breed (see for-
ward) ; William G., cashier of First Na-
tional Bank of Swissvale, Pennsylvania.
George Breed, son of Alexander and
Catherine (Edwards) Gordon, was born
in the borough of Edgewood, Allegheny
county, Pennsylvania, August i, i860.
Having acquired his earlier education in
a private school not far removed from his
place of residence, Mr. Gordon became a
student at the Western University of
Pennsylvania, now the University of
Pittsburgh, entering the preparatory
school of the institution, and he remained
there until the close of his freshman
year. A few years were then spent in
a commercial career, during which time
he acted as clerk for two years for the
Duquesne Coal Company, and for a
shorter period in the same capacity for
the Pennsylvania Company. Having by
this time decided that his life work was
to be found in the legal field, he entered
upon his studies for this profession with
the intense devotion which has charac-
terized his efforts throughout life, and
pursued them with a diligence born of
the fascination of the subject. He com-
menced reading law in the office of
Hampton & Dalzell, and then took up
the course at the Law School of Colum-
bia University, New York City. He was
graduated from this institution in 1883
with the degree of Bachelor of Laws,
cum laude, and was admitted to the bar
of Allegheny county in November of the
same 3'ear. His connection with Hamp-
ton & Dalzell was continued until 1887,
at which time Mr. Gordon associated
himself in a partnership with John Dal-
zell and William Scott, the firm practic-
ing under the style of Dalzell, Scott &
Gordon. Upon the dissolution of this
partnership in 1906, Mr. Gordon asso-
ciated himself with William Watson
Smith and Ralph Langenecker, the firm
name being Gordon & Smith, which is in
force at the present time (1914). Mr.

608

^^^

7

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Gordon has confined himself to a general
practice, making, however, a specialty of
corporation law, and strictly avoiding
criminal cases of any nature. For many
years he has been the counsel for the va-
rious divisions of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road Company, of the various Westing-
house companies, and of a number of
other important corporations. Mr. Gor-
don is held in high esteem among his col-
leagues and especial commendation is ac-
corded his careful and detailed prepara-
tion of all cases, whether of corporation
or individual practice. The skill and dex-
terity he evinces in the preparation and
presentment of his cases give him a place
all his own at the Allegheny county bar.

In the social life of the city, Mr. Gor-
don also holds a prominent position. He
is a member of the Church Club of the
Diocese of Pittsburgh, of the Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh Golf, Duquesne, and Univer-
sity and Athletic clubs of Pittsburgh, the
Allegheny and Oakmont Country clubs,
and of the Union League Club of New
York. His city residence at 5250 Wilkins
avenue, Pittsburgh, is the scene of many
of the highest social gatherings of all
sorts. The Gordon family is a very pop-
ular one, and justly so, and when they
retire to their spacious summer home on
Long Island, the ideal family life is con-
tinued there. In political matters Mr.
Gordon gives his allegiance to the prin-
ciples of the Republican party, while his
religious affiliations are with the Protes-
tant Episcopal church.

Mr. Gordon married, June 4, 1889,
Mary Edwards, a daughter of William
B. Boorum, a prominent manufacturer of
New York City. There is one child,
Katherine Edwards. Mrs. Gordon is one
of the most popular social leaders of the
city of Pittsburgh. Her entertainments
always have the stamp of originality and
are certain to have a varied assortment
of novel ideas to arouse the admiration
and appreciation of her guests. She is a

member and one of the directors of the
Twentieth Century Club of Pittsburgh,
and a highly valued leader in all matters
connected with this association. Her
daughter, Katherine Edwards, is en-
dowed with many natural attractions,
and in her set occupies a position similar
to that occupied by her gifted mother.
Mr. Gordon is a man of attractive per-
sonal address, a brilliant conversational-
ist, and of untiring energy. Courteous in
his conduct to all, there is a dignity com-
bined with affability in his bearing,
which gains the confidence and esteem of
all with whom he is brought into contact.

HARVEY, Hon. Edward,

Distinguished Jurist.

The Bench and Bar of Pennsylvania,
from the colonial period to the present
time, has enjoyed a reputation for learn-
ing, ability and character, unsurpassed by
that belonging to the profession in any
other State in the Union. Foremost
among those who have brilliantly main-
tained the traditional judicial prestige of
the Keystone State was the late Hon.
Edward Harvey, of Mauch Chunk, Pres-
ident Judge of Lehigh county, and for-
mer President Judge of the Thirty-first
Judicial District of Pennsylvania.

His father, George T. Harvey, was a
prominent physician of Doylestown,
Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and married
Mary Kinse}^ La Rue, like himself, a
representative of a family long estab-
lished in the State.

Edward Harvey, son of George T. and
Mary Kinsey (La Rue) Harvey, was
born January 17, 1844, in Doylestown,
where he received his earliest education
in the public schools. Later he was in-
structed bj'- Rev. S. A. Andrews, who
presided over a select school in the same
town, passing thence to the high school
of Lawrenceville, New Jersey, where he
was prepared for college. In i860 he en-

609

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

tered Princeton University, where he
pursued the regular course until his jun-
ior year was finished, when he left in
order to begin the study of law under the
tutorship of Hon. George Lear, of
Doylestown, an old friend of his father,
and at that time the leading member of
the Bucks county bar, subsequently be-
coming Attorney General under Gov-
ernor Hartranft. While reading law, Mr.
Harvey bestowed some attention upon
public speaking, availing himself of every
opportunity for practice. While at that
age he was an ardent Democrat, and a
close student of the great political ques-
tions of that remarkable period, and was
better qualified than were most men of
his years to express his opinions from
the platform. In November, 1864, in his
twentieth year, he delivered a remarka-
ble address in Allentown, which estab-
lished his high standing as an orator, and
the cordial reception accorded him caused
him to determine that he would make
his future home in that city.

In November, 1865, the year in which
he attained his majority, Mr. Harvey was
admitted to practice in the courts of Le-
high county, on motion of Hon. S. A.
Bridges ; he had previously been admit-
ted to the Bucks county bar. In Janu-
ary, 1866, he located in Allentown, and
applied himself to the duties of his pro-
fession, this marking his entrance upon
a career which was destined to prove
conspicuously successful. His excellent
educational equipment, combined with
natural abilities of a high order and ex-
ceptional talents as a speaker, brought
rapid advancement, and it was not long
before he became the leader of the Le-
high county bar, a position from which
he was never displaced. He was asso-
ciated with nearly all the principal causes
tried in the local courts, and frequently
was called to try cases in the neighbor-
ing counties and in the Federal courts in
Philadelphia and the Supreme Court of

61

Pennsylvania, in which he practiced with
marked success.

On January 14, 1878, Mr. Harvey was
appointed President Judge of the Thirty-
first Judicial District of Pennsylvania, to
fill the vacancy occasioned by the resig-
nation of Judge Longaker. This ap-
pointment was a purely personal tribute,
being made by Governor Hartranft, a
Republican executive, and afiforded the
highest possible evidence of the esteem
and confidence in which Mr. Harvey was
universally held. In the many cases
which he tried while on the bench. Judge
Harvey proved himself to be possessed
of talents of a high order, and showed
himself a master of the intricacies of the
law. His decisions were distinctly im-
partial, and clearly indicated a compre-
hensive knowledge of the law, and rare
analytical powers. Only six of his cases
were appealed to the Supreme Court,
and in each case his decision was sus-
tained. In 1878 Judge Harvey was urged
to accept an independent nomination for
the County Judgeship, but he declined.
In the following year he was earnestly
requested by members of the Berks
county bar to become a candidate for
judge in that district, but this honor he
also refused. In 1882 he was solicited
to become a candidate for judge of the
Dauphin and Lebanon counties district,
by a committee of judicial conferees, and
this also he declined. In the autumn of
1903 he accepted the Democratic nomi-
nation for President Judge of Lehigh
county, and was elected, and during this
period he splendidly maintained his fine
judicial abilities.

Determined to concentrate the whole
force of his energies on the discharge of
his duties as a lawyer and jurist. Judge
Harvey habitually declined numerous
flattering appointments and nominations
of a political character, and in only a few
exceptional cases went outside his pro-
fession.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

In 1873 he was chosen a mem-
ber of the State Constitutional Conven-
tion, representing the senatorial district
comprising the counties of Lehigh and
Carbon. In that body he served as a
member of the committee on corpora-
tions, and took an active part in framing
the organic law of the State. On April
9, 1884, he was chosen by the Demo-
cratic convention to represent the Tenth
Congressional District in the Democratic
National Convention held in Chicago in
July of that year, and voted for Mr.
Cleveland, whose candidacy he supported
with conspicuous ability and zeal. Never
an ofifice seeker, he has done loyal serv-
ice for his party, advocating its princi-
ples and supporting its candidates. In
State and local party councils his views
were ever sought, and carried with them
great weight. During the second admin-
istration of President Cleveland, Judge
Harvey was tendered the position of As-
sistant Secretary of the Interior, but de-
clined the honor, inasmuch as acceptance
would have necessitated the resignation
of his large law practice, and would have
also obliged him to make Washington
City his place of residence.

In March, 1878, when the First Na-
tional Bank of Allentown was compelled
to suspend on account of the unexpected
failure of William M. Blumer & Com-
pany, bankers. Judge Harvey was chosen
president. His duties were delicate and
highly responsible, the bank being in
liquidation, and its assets requiring care-
ful handling to insure successful liquida-
tion. In the discharge of these duties.
Judge Harvey displayed masterly legal
ability and -financial skill, and in his suc-
cessful and satisfactory conduct of the
bank affairs, he may be said to have
achieved one of the greatest triumphs of
his career.

Judge Harvey was at one time presi-
dent of the Nazareth Portland Cement
Company. For many years prior to his

death he was president of the Second
National Bank of Allentown, and of the
Allentown Hospital Association, and a
director of the Allentown Trust Com-
pany. He was identified with the Protes-
tant Episcopal church ; and was a char-
ter member and past master of Greenleaf
Lodge, No. 561, Free and Accepted
Masons, of Allentown.

There is no more honorable record pos-
sible than that of a learned and upright
judge — one who interprets the law with
depth of insight, liberality of mind, and
largeness of heart ; and who, in the ad-
ministration of his office, knows no re-
spect of persons, and listens to no voice
but that of duty. Such a record was that
of Judge Harvey. Scholarly in mind and
of pleasing personality, his oratory was
charming. Of the many popular occa-
sions upon which his services were
sought, the most notable was that on
which he delivered, in Allentown, his
memorial address upon President Mc-
Kinley.

He was the possessor of one of
the finest law libraries in Eastern Penn-
sylvania, besides an extensive private
library of miscellaneous works. His
great familiarity with a broad range of
literature, combined with a remarkably
retentive memory and a rare power of as-
similating and applying the results of his
reading to matters in hand, admirably re-
inforced his large natural ability to pre-
sent vividly and pleasingly any subject
which might be under discussion. In his
advancement he was entirely independ-
ent, relying solely upon his own talents
and force of character; and his standing
and reputation as a lawj-er and thinker
were the result of earnest and high-
minded endeavor. His death occurred
September 6, 1913, and was deeply
mourned by all classes, as a distinct loss
to the community among whom he had
so long been an honored and loved figure.

611

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

CAMPBELL, Bruce HaU,

Iiairyer, Financier.

Bruce Hall Campbell, of Johnstown,
Assistant District Attorney of Cambria
county and prominently identified with
the political life of his community, is the
bearer of a name which proclaims him a
descendant of ancestors whose original
home was the "land of brown heath and
shaggy wood." The Campbells have
been for centuries the most famous, per-
haps, of the Scottish clans, and the name
of Bruce recalls the memory of the hero
who successfully repelled the English in-
vaders and gloriously wore the crown of
Scotland.

Jacob Miller Campbell, father of Bruce
Hall Campbell, was born November 20,
1821, in Somerset county, Pennsylvania,
and was a son of John and Mary
(Weyand) Campbell, the former a native
of Scotland and the latter born in Som-
erset county. Jacob Miller Campbell
was prominently associated with the iron
industry of his native State, and early
in the civil war enlisted in the Union
army, emerging as a brigadier-general,
serving with distinction and in after
years rendering notable service as a con-
gressman. He for two terms filled with
credit the office of Surveyor-General of
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and
was a man of note in his day and genera-
tion. General Campbell married Mary
Rankin, born May 13, 1827, in Pitts-
burgh, daughter of James and Mary
(Wylie) Campbell, natives of Scotland,
the former a scion of the same illustrious
race as that from which General Camp-
bell himself sprang. General and Mrs.
Campbell were the parents of several
children, among them Bruce Hall, men-
tioned below. The death of General
Campbell occurred September 27, 1888,
and was mourned as that of one who had
served his country well both as a soldier
and a civilian.

Bruce Hall, son of Jacob Miller and
Mary Rankin (Campbell) Campbell, was
born August 7, 1874, in Johnstown,
where he received his earliest education
in the common schools, passing thence to
Kiskiminitas Springs Preparatory School,
then entering Phillips Exeter Academy,
where he was prepared for Dickinson
College. From that institution he passed
to Dickinson Law School, graduating in
1896. He immediately went to Chicago,
intending to make that city the scene of
his professional career, and the same year
was admitted to practice in all the courts
of Illinois. His advancement was rapid,
the result of innate ability, close study
and unwearied devotion to duty. For
one year he served as Assistant Corpora-
tion Counsel of the City of Chicago, and
was looked upon as one of the rising
young members of the Illinois bar.

Feeling, nevertheless, a desire to iden-
tify himself with his native state, Mr.
Campbell returned, in 1899, to Johns-
town, where he has since been continu-
ously engaged in the active practice of
his profession and has long been one of
the recognized leaders of the Cambria
county bar. The versatility of Mr.
Campbell's talents and his inexhaustible
energy enable him, without in the least
neglecting his professional obligations, to
give time and attention to other interests.
He is a member of the board of directors
of the Penn Traffic Company, the Cen-
tury Stove and Manufacturing Com-
pany, the Davis Brake Beam Company,
and with other concerns of a like nature.
He is president of the Leader Printing
and Publishing Company, publishers of
the "Daily Leader," a journal of good
standing and circulation. On all these
varied interests he bestows the requisite
amount of care, allowing none of them
to suffer for want of proper attention. In
politics Mr. Campbell is an ardent Re-
publican, being numbered among the

612

[^^l^^ty

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

leaders of his party in Cambria county.
In 191 1 he was elected Assistant District
Attorney for a term of four years, dat-
ing from January i, 1912. From Janu-
ary, 1907, to January, 191 1, he served as
private secretary to Lieutenant-Governor
Murphy.

No inconsiderable portion of Mr.
Campbell's attention is given to the study
of horticulture, and at his country home
in Upper Yoder tov^nship he has fine ap-
ple orchards, his residence being known
as "The Orchards." His interest in the
welfare of his home city is unfailing and
no" good work done in the name of
charity or religion seeks his co-operation
in vain. He is a member of the Loyal
Legion, the Sons of Veterans, and the
board of governors of the Johnstown
Country Club, also affiliating with the
Masonic fraternity, the Knights of
Pythias, and the Greek letter fraternity,
Phi Kappa Psi. He is a regular attend-
ant of the Presbyterian Church.

Mr. Campbell married, October 23,
1901, Mabel Fussell, daughter of Edward
B. and Annie W. (Fussell) Entwisle, both
representatives of old families of English
origin. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are the
parents of the following children : Bruce
H., born August 11, 1902; Edward
Entwisle, born August 25, 1905; Mary
Rankin, born March 22, 1908; Robert
Wylie, born November 19, 191 1. Mr. and
Mrs. Campbell are both extremely popu-
lar in the social circles of Johnstown, and
their home is a centre of gracious and
genial hospitality.

]\Ir. Campbell's career has been thus
far filled with achievement, but the rec-
ord of a man of his type who has not
yet completed his fourth decade is always
peculiarly rich in promise for the years
to come. The retrospective view deter-
mines the outlook. The past gives as-
surance of greater things in the not re-
mote future.

MOREN, John,

Man of Affairs.

Coal and gas form the Gibraltar upon
which Pittsburgh has built her greatness
at home and spread her fame to every
part of the world. As early as 1800, coal
was mined in the Pittsburgh district, and
in 1818 was laid the foundation of the
enormous river shipments of the present
day. One model barge carries now as
much as was then shipped in a year, and
in the event of a rise in the rivers it is
an ordinary thing to send two million
bushels of coal south in one day. Prom-
inent among the men who developed this
mighty industry was the late Captain
John Moren, organizer and general man-
ager of the well known Advance Coal
Company, and for a quarter of a century,
perhaps, the most conspicuous operator
in Western waters. Captain Moren was
for more than thirty years a resident of
Pittsburgh, and was closely identified
with her leading interests.

John Moren was born June 29, 1848,
at Anderson's Landing, Hancock county.
West Virginia, and was a son of Arthur
and Rosanna (Haney) Moren, the former
engaged in the fire-brick business. The
children of Mr. and Mrs. Moren were
John, Hugh, Arthur, Mary A., Thomas,
and James. John Moren received a com-
mon school education, and made many
trips on vessels used for the transporta-
tion of brick to Pittsburgh. In 1879 he
removed to that city, and the same year
was appointed captain of the steamer
"Ike Hammet," later succeeding to the
command of the "John Porter." In 1881,
in association with his brother. Captain
Hugh Moren, he purchased the steamer
"I. S. Keefer" and rebuilt it, calling it the
"Advance," and organized the Advance
Coal Company, of which he became gen-
eral manager. The enterprise prospered,
as it could hardly fail to do, the vigorous,
compelling nature and keen, practical

613

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

mind of Captain Moren wrenching suc-
cess, as it were, from any undertaking to
which he gave his vitalizing energy. In
1884 the firm built the steamer "John
Moren," and in 1893 they built the
"Stella Moren." In 1896 they con-
structed the towboat "James Moren."

The partners were also interested in
the Redstone Coal Company, and eventu-
ally, their business in the lower Ohio
having increased with great rapidity,
they purchased shares in the Collier-
Budd Coal Company's elevator at Cincin-
nati. Possessing as they did good tow-
boats and excellent facilities for landing
their coal in southern markets, the trade
of the Advance Coal Company extended
in course of time from Cincinnati to New
Orleans, and from Pittsburgh to the lat-
ter city Captain Moren was famous as
"Captain John." In 1899 the firm sold
out to the Monongahela River Consoli-
dated Coal and Coke Company of Pitts-
burgh, Captain Moren becoming general
manager of its freight department. On
January i, 1912, he resigned this posi-
tion.

Seldom, indeed, is it that a man as suc-
cessful in business as was Captain Moren
takes the keen and active interest in
civic affairs which he ever manifested.
Affiliating with the Republicans and
keeping himself thoroughly informed
upon political questions, although too
busy to mingle actively in partisan move-
ments, he never failed to support with
his influence and means all measures
which he deemed calculated to promote
the public welfare. Always ready to re-
spond to any deserving call made upon
him, he was widely but unostentatiously
charitable.

With business ability and sagacity of
a high order Captain Moren combined
that mysterious quality known as per-
sonal magnetism, and this, no doubt, had
much to do with gaining him warm
friends and rendering possible the suc-

6

cess of his many enterprises. He was a
man whose very presence was a source
of energy and confidence, inspiring those
about him to put forth their best efforts.
On his subordinates this quality acted
with special power, and the kindness of
heart which he ever manifested toward
them won for him their enthusiastic loy-
alty. There was about his whole per-
sonality a certain impressiveness — the
impressiveness which attaches to an air
of habitual command. Of strong will,
resolute courage and great tenacity of
purpose, all that he accomplished was the
product of his natural forces — he was
thoroughly a selfmade man. His fine,
open countenance, so often illuminated
by a sunny smile, attracted all who ap-
proached him and no man could be with
him long without becoming his friend.
The circle of his friends might be said
to include all to whom he was known,
and there was never a time when he did
not possess the implicit confidence of the
public.

Captain Moren married. May 19, 1879,
Maria A., daughter of John C. and Jo-
sephine (Harbaugh) Josenhans, and the
following children were born to them :
Stella J., Paul E., Lewis H., Arthur E.
Mrs. Moren, a woman of lovable person-
ality and a devoted wife and mother,
made the home over which she presided
a haven of rest for the man whose stren-
uous life rendered such a refuge indispen-
sable. To Captain Moren the ties of
family and friendship involved sacred
obligations which it was at once the duty
and delight of his life to discharge with
the fullest devotion. Mrs. Moren, in her
widowhood, possesses the warm affection
of a large circle of friends and is active
in works of charity and religion.

On May 8, 1912, Captain Moren passed
away, in San Francisco, California. In
his home city the news was received with
deep and sincere regret by all classes of
the community. All felt that Pittsburgh
14

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

had lost a man of rare executive ability
and a citizen of sterling worth, kindly
disposition and generous purpose. While
he was mourned by many, those who had
been admitted to his intimacy felt that
in losing him they had lost a part of
themselves. Of all the salient features
in the character of Captain Moren there
was none which contributed more largely
to his success than did his extraordinary
ability to read the future. Thirty-five
years ago he foresaw the immense traf-
fic which, in no small measure, he helped
to create. But even his clear vision could
hardly have discerned the possibilities
which appear on the enlarged horizon of
the present day. Pittsburgh owes these
possibilities to her aggressive, adven-
turous business men of the past genera-
tion, and to none is she more deeply in-
debted than to Captain John Moren.

PARKE, Thomas E.,

Physician, Surgeon, Model Citizen.

Born in the State of Georgia, but de-
scending from English ancestors, early
settlers in Chester county, Pennsylvania,
Dr. Parke from youth was a resident of
Pennsylvania, spending his professional
and business life in the county wherein
his emigrant ancestors first settled in
1685. For forty-one years he was a resi-
dent of Downingtown, twenty-two of
these years a successful, skillful medical
practitioner, ever a citizen of prominence,
a city official of great efficiency, and a
business man of ability and highest
standing. His paternal and maternal an-
cestors, Thomas Parke and John Edge,
were prominent members of the Society
of Friends, coming from England to
Chester county, Pennsylvania, the latter
in 1685, the former in 1724. His mother,
Anne Bryan Graves, was born in the
south, a connection of the Hinton-Graves
family of Georgia. A relative, Dr.
Thomas Parke, was an eminent physi-

cian of earlier days and one of the dis-
tinguished presidents of the College of
Physicians and Surgeons of Philadelphia.
Thomas E. Parke, M.D., was born in
Augusta, Georgia, January 3, 1851, son
of John E. and Anne Bryan (Graves)
Parke. He came early in life to Penn-
sylvania, and in the schools of this State
obtained his classical and professional
education, attending Lititz Academy, a
Moravian school in Lancaster county,
conducted for half a century by John
Beck, and Tuscarora Academy, in Juni-
ata county. At the age of seventeen he
began the study of medicine under the
direction of Dr. John P. Edge, of Down-
ingtown, Pennsylvania, later with Fran-
cis Gurney Smith, Professor of the Insti-
tutes of Medicine, LTniversity of Pennsyl-
vania, then entering the Medical Depart-
ment of the University of Pennsylvania,
whence he was graduated M.D. in 1871.
He was a near relative of Dr. Thomas
Parke, practitioner of medicine early in
this century, at one time president of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons,
Philadelphia. After leaving the Univer-
sity, Dr. Parke spent several months in
Europe, availing himself of the profes-
sional advantages offered by that coun-
try. In 1872 he returned and located in
Downingtown, where for twenty-two
years he practiced his profession, retiring
in 1894. During these years he rose to
the front rank among the eminent physi-
cians of the State ; served for ten years
as secretary of the Downingtown Board
of Health, of which he was an active
member many more useful years ; was
manager of the Chester County Hospital
from its foundation in 1892 ; and was bur-
gess of Downingtown five successive
terms. He was a life member of the
Academy of Science. He was, during
his entire professional career, a member
of the American Aledical Association, the
Pennsj'lvan'a Medical and the Chester
County Medical Societies, taking a deep

615

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

interest in their work, an interest that
did not terminate after his retirement
from practice. After surrendering his
connection with the active cares of his
profession, Dr. Parke continued actively
interested in the institutions devoted to
the care of human ills, retaining his posi-
tion on the board of managers of the
Chester County Hospital, and acting in
a similar capacity at one time on the
governing board of Rush Hospital for
Consumptives of Philadelphia. He also
retained his directorship of the Down-
ingtown National Bank, which he held
from 1888 until his death, and was simi-
larly connected with the Chester County
Trust Company of West Chester; was
president of the Dime Savings Bank of
Chester County, and president of the
Kyle Bank of Kyle, Texas, where his
only brother, Oscar Graves Parke, is lo-
cated. He had other and varied business
interests that fully occupied his atten-
tion after his retirement, although he de-
voted much time to the institutions men-
tioned and in gratifying his personal
tastes for travel study. Even when bur-
dened by the many calls made upon him
by his large practice. Dr. Parke neglected
none of the obligations of citizenship, but
took a lively interest in borough affairs,
serving on the board of health, and with
zeal as well as skill, safeguarded the pub-
lic health of his community. As burgess,
1880-86, he served with fidelity, giving
the borough his best qualities as a busi-
ness, patriotic executive. In short, Dr.
Parke failed in no requirements as physi-
cian, citizen, friend or neighbor. His
life was a useful one, and when termi-
nated, December 12, 1913, he left behind
him a wealth of true friends and an hon-
ored name.

Dr. Parke married (first) February 23,
1881, Aleribah A. Willits, of Philadelphia,
who died in 1882. He married (second)
October 20, 1887, Mary A. Bacon, of Ger-
mantown, Philadelphia, daughter of

William Harry and Hannah (Haines)
Bacon. Children : William Bacon, born
September 19, 1891, died June i, 1902;
Thomas, born July 6, 1901. Mrs. Parke
survives her husband, a resident of
Downingtown.

HOSACK, George M.,

Corporation I^axryer, liegislator.

The Bar of Pittsburgh, distinguished
from the beginning, has grown in lustre
with the passing years and from its ranks
have been drawn some of the men most
illustrious in the National and State gov-
ernments. In the foremost rank of
Pittsburgh lawyers of the present day is
Hon. George M. Hosack. For many
years he was active in the political arena
and was a Republican Representative in
the State Legislature of the old Fifth
District of Pittsburgh. Mr. Hosack has
been for the last twenty years a resident
of the Iron City.

George M. Hosack was born October
7, 1866, at Dayton, Armstrong county,
Pennsylvania, and is a son of Alexander
Blackburn and Eliza (Wrigley) Hosack,
the former a descendant of Scotch-Irish
ancestors who were among the pioneers
of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Hosack was born
in England and in childhood was brought
by her parents to the United States.
George M. Hosack passed his boyhood
working on a farm during the summers
and during the winters attending school
in Dunbar. He graduated in 1886 from
the Connellsville high school. It was
during the period of his attendance at the
Dunbar school that he first became a
wage-earner by acting as water-boy for
Frederick Gwinner, the Allegheny con-
tractor, who was then building the Atlas
Coke Works at Dunbar. For a number
of years he served as clerk in a store at
Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, and after
graduating from the Connellsville high
school he was employed in the general

616

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

store of Wood, Morrell & Company, at
Wheeler, with whom he remained as
clerk until the autumn of 1887.

He then entered the Literary Depart-
ment of the University of Michigan,
where he devoted himself to the special
study of economics in the School of His-
tory and Political Science. In 1889 he
entered the Law Department of the same
institution, graduating in 1891 with the
degree of Bachelor of Laws, and being
admitted to practice in the Circuit and
Supreme Courts of Michigan. Returning
to Pennsylvania, he read law with Hon.
S. Leslie Mestrezat, now a justice of the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and in
1892 was admitted to the Fayette county
bar.

For one year Mr. Hosack engaged in
practice at Uniontown and then came to
Pittsburgh, where he was admitted to
the Allegheny county bar, the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania and the United
States District and Circuit Courts.
Throughout the long period during
which he has been in active practice he
has devoted his time and energy chiefly
to corporation law, making a special
study of corporation taxation. He pos-
sesses that judicial instinct which makes
its way quickly through immaterial de-
tails to the essential points upon which
the determination of a question must
turn. Politically, Mr. Hosack is a
staunch Republican. Immediately after
leaving the university he took an active
part in the affairs of his party, associat-
ing himself with the late Hon. Frank M.
Fuller, former Secretary of the Common-
wealth, then chairman of the Fayette
County Republican Committee. Mr.
Hosack became secretary of that commit-
tee and held the position two years, re-
signing upon his removal to Pittsburgh,
where he at once became active in po-
litical affairs. He affiliated with the Al-
legheny County Republican organization,
serving at various times on city, ward

and county committees. His public
spirit and rapidity of judgment enabled
him, in the midst of incessant profes-
sional activity, to give to the affairs of
the community effort and counsel of gen-
uine value. Less than three years after
his removal to Pittsburgh he received the
Republican nomination for member of
the House of Representatives, and was
elected from the Fifth District of the city
by a majority of over 13,000. This was
for the session of 1897, and he was re-
elected for the sessions of 1899 and 1901.
His influence was acknowledged during
his first term, when as chairman of the
oleo investigation he brought about a re-
organization of the office of dairy and
food commissioner, and refused to accept
mileage from the State for serving upon
a legislative investigating committee on
the ground that the custom, which was
an old one, was unconstitutional, and
also for the reason that he had been put
to no expense, having used a railroad
pass while attending to the duties of the
committee. By this act alone he saved
the State thousands of dollars and for a
time caused the discontinuance of the
practice. In the session of 1899 Mr.
Hosack was appointed chairman of the
committee on ways and means, at that
time a very difficult position, by reason
of the fact that there was a deficit of
several millions, and that a movement
was on foot for the erection of a new
State Capitol, the old one having been
destroyed by fire two years before. ^Ir.
Hosack introduced and secured the pas-
sage of a number of measures relating to
the fiscal system of the State, one of
them being the bonus act putting foreign
corporations on an equal footing with
domestic corporations, an act which has
brought hundreds of thousands of dollars
into the State treasury. His activity re-
ceived the tribute of the passing of ap-
propriate resolutions, including the fol-
lowing : "Mr. Hosack has shown himself
117

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

well equipped for the position, with a
broad and comprehensive knowledge of
the subject of taxation, and has been uni-
formly consistent and fair to all parties —
that we, the Committee of Ways and
Means of the House, tender him our
thanks for his effort and the results ac-
complished at the present session." This
resolution was signed by Quay, anti-
Quay and Democratic members alike.

During the same session, as well as
that of 1901, Mr. Hosack was a member
of the corporations committee and was
instrumental in securing legislation of
great importance to the industrial and
corporate interests of Pennsylvania. In
1906 tlie State Republican Convention
recommended the establishment of a
State Railroad Commission, which he
alone advocated, and which was the fore-
runner of the Public Service Commis-
sion.

Despite his assiduous devotion to his
constantly increasing legal practice, Mr.
Hosack finds time to bestow due atten-
tion on matters of business. He belongs
to the Duquesne, University, and Ameri-
cas clubs of Pittsburgh, the Pittsburgh
Athletic Association, and Harrisburg
Club. He is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, a Knight Templar and a mem-
ber of the Mystic Shrine. He also holds
membership in the college society, Alpha
Tau Omega. He is a member of the Belle-
field Presbyterian Church.

Of wide and ripe experience, Mr. Ho-
sack looks the man he is. He possesses
much of the magnetic force of the orator
and has won distinction as a public
speaker. He is one of the men who
count — who are consulted on all matters
and questions of importance to the com-
munity. His sterling qualities of man-
hood, genial personality and liberal views
have drawn around him a large circle of
warmly attached friends.

Mr. Hosack married, November 16,
1893, Delia, daughter of Mr. and Mrs.

61I

William P. Clark, of Connellsville, Penn-
sylvania, and they are the parents of
two sons and a daughter: George M.,
Jr. ; William Clark ; Margaret. Mrs. Ho-
sack, a woman of rare wifely qualities,
is admirably fitted to be a helpmate to
her husband in his aspirations and ambi-
tions. Devotion to his family is the rul-
ing motive of Mr. Hosack's life and at
his own fireside he ever finds a refuge
from the cares of his professional duties.
There are men who early reach the
limit of achievement. The reason for
this is, with some, the mediocrity of their
talents, with others, the fact that their
abilities, though great, are checked in
their development by the lapse of years.
George M. Hosack belongs to neither of
these classes. That his gifts, both as
lawyer and legislator, are of no ordinary
quality, has been abundantly proved in
the past. That the future has greater
things in store for him is beyond ques-
tion, for he is one of the men with whom
increase of years means simply added
powers and enlarged opportunities.

PAGE, S. Davis,

Distinguished liavryer and Public Official.

S. Davis Page, of Philadelphia, who
after an active professional and public
career of more than a half-century, now
in his seventy-fourth year, is yet en-
gaged in the duties of his calling, and has
been pronounced by an eminent annalist
to be the most interesting and most pic-
turesque bearer of the family name, in
its relation to Quaker City affairs. He
has behind him a notable ancestry. He
is descended from Colonel John Page,
who was born in England, in 1627, and
came to Virginia when about twenty-
three years of age. He became colonel
of militia, county lieutenant, and a mem-
ber of the Governor's Council. Mr. S.
Davis Page is allied with others of the
most famous Virginia families, notably

..^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the Nelsons and Byrds, through inter-
marriages of his forbears.

Dr. William Byrd Page, father of Mr.
Page, was born in 1817, at "Pagebrook,"
Clarke county, Virginia. He graduated
from the Medical Department of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania in his twenty-
first year, and located in Philadelphia,
where he was destined to become one of
the most distinguished physicians and
honored citizens of his day. He held a
foremost place in the professional facul-
ties of his city, and was especially noted
as a gynecologist. He was actively iden-
tified with various learned bodies whose
membership embraced the leading scien-
tific minds in the community, and left an
indelible impress upon them by reason of
his marked ability. He married Celes-
tina Anna Davis, of Natchez, Missis-
sippi ; she was of New England descent,
numbering among her forbears Roger
Williams, founder of Rhode Island ; Dep-
uty Governor Greene, of the same col-
ony; and Edward Freeman, of Massa-
chusetts. Of this marriage were born
three children — S. Davis Page, of whom
further hereinafter; Maria Vidal, who
became the wife of Lieut. Thomas C.
Bowie, C. S. A. ; and Margaret Byrd, who
became the wife of Captain Henry H.
Harrison, C. S. A., and who now resides
with a daughter.

S. Davis Page, son of Dr. William
Byrd Page, was born in Philadelphia,
September 22, 1840. After acquiring a
preliminary education in the Gregory
Latin School and Dr. Williams' Classical
School, Philadelphia, he entered Yale
College when not yet fifteen years old,
and graduated with honors as Bachelor
of Arts in the class of 1859, before the
age of nineteen. He was a member of
the Delta Kappa Epsilon and the Phi
Beta Kappa fraternities. He was com-
modore of the Yale navy, and trained the
first of its crews that ever won a victory
over Harvard.

Making choice of the legal profession,
Mr. Page read law in the office of Hon.
Peter McCall, of Philadelphia, then at-
tending lecture courses in the Harvard
Law School and subsequently in the Law
Department of the University of Penn-
sylvania, and was admitted to the Penn-
sylvania bar December 5, 1864. He soon
attained prominence in his profession,
in which he has been actively engaged
to the present time. In 1884 he formed
the law firm of Page & Allison, to which
Hon. Boies Penrose (afterward United
States Senator), and also H. W. Page
were later admitted, and the firm name
changed to Page, Allison & I'enrose.
This firm was dissolved by the death of
Mr. Allison in 1901, and the withdrawal
of Mr. Penrose on February ist, 1905,
and was succeeded by the present firm of
Page & Page, consisting of the founder
of the firm and his eldest son, Howard
Wurts Page. As to the professional ca-
reer of Mr. Page, a distinguished Phila-
delphia writer has said:

"In the practice of his profession Mr. Page
stands deservedly high, and few attorneys in
Philadelphia or elsewhere have enjoyed to such
a full extent the confidence and trust of the
community at large. His name is written close
to the top of the city's notable lawyers. He has
always taken an active interest and a prominent
part in the affairs of his native city, as well as
in State and National politics and policies, and
had it not been for the exactions of his prac-
tice there is little doubt that his career as a pub-
lic servant would have been much more exten-
sive. He has preferred, however, to devote his
life to his profession, and to permit only such
interruptions of his practice as the care of his
financial interests demanded, and when his decli-
nation to serve his city and State would not be
accepted by his fellow citizens. His intimate as-
sociation with vital events, his broad sympathies
and equitable judgments, his legal skill and un-
questionable ability as an orator, have con-
tributed to win him a well-merited renown, and
demanded of him a share in the public service."

In the stress and strain of latter day
affairs there may be those who have for-

619

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

gotten the conspicuous part played by
Mr. Page in the civic activities of the
past. Yet there are many more, whose
memories are keen and unerring, who
vividl}' recall the extent of his partici-
pancy in all local movements aiming at
tlie public good, and the vigor with which
he fought for honest and efficient gov-
ernment in his native city, often against
great obstacles and apparently over-
whelming odds. In January, 1877, he
entered the City Council, to represent
the Fifth Ward, in which he has resided
(at the corner of Fourth and Spruce
streets) since 1873. A stalwart Demo-
crat of the old school, and the district
being regarded as a Republican strong-
hold, his election was proof of his strong
personality and of the confidence re-
posed in him. In that and succeeding
years of a most tempestuous period in
the history of the municipality, he was
in the forefront of all the titanic battles
waged against misrule and machine
methods, and during those years his
name was written in letters large and
luminous in the history of Philadelphia.
He remained in the Council until 1881,
taking part in every important movement
for better government, and serving on
many important committees, both gen-
eral and special. He rendered invaluable
service in the investigation and reorgani-
zation of the tax office, and in formulat-
ing and securing the passage of the act
of 1879, known as the "Pay as you go
act." He was also influential in securing
the adoption of the law requiring pay-
ment and abolition of unpaid city war-
rants. His name figured prominently in
connection with the investigation of the
old gas trust, leading finally to its abol-
ishment. In April, 1882, he was returned
to the Council, and was immediately
placed upon the committees on finance,
law, and gas, and was chairman of the
last named, as well as of that on munici-
pal government. From the latter he ob-

tained a report on the Bullitt bill, creat-
ing a new city charter, and which was
afterward passed by the legislature. In
February, 1883, he resigned to accept the
office of City Controller, under appoint-
ment by Governor Pattison, and served
until the following January, winning a
large measure of public commendation
for the zeal and intelligence with which
he had administered the duties of that
important post. As Democratic candi-
date for the same office, he was defeated
in the ensuing election. For four years
beginning in 1886 he was Assistant
United States Treasurer in Philadelphia,
under Presidents Cleveland and Harri-
son, discharging his duties to the entire
satisfaction of the Treasury Department
and the business community. His last
important public trust was in 1891, when
the Governor made him a member of the
commission appointed to investigate the
accounts of John Bardsley, the derelict
city treasurer, at the time of the failure
of the Keystone National Bank. With
reference to this long and useful public
service a local annalist may be thus
quoted :

"His standards of duty were lofty. His
methods were clean and manly. He employed
the truth, though the telling of it created enmi-
ties. He knew no master except his own con-
science. He sought to perform his whole duty
as a citizen and as a public servant, according
to the soul inspiration which dominated the ac-
tions and eventualities of the life which was not
his, but God's. . . . This man I knew, for I
was with him in the public service. And this
assertion I make unhesitatingly, unequivocally — •
never, in all my experience, have I been asso-
ciated with a man whose conceptions of duty
were purer, whose heart possessed less of guile,
whose pulse-beats were more completely ad-
justed to the higher attributes which go to make
up the ideal gentleman."

Aside from his professional and public
activities, Mr. Page has figured promi-
nently in financial circles. He has been
a director of the Quaker City National

620

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Bank for thirty-four years, and was its
president in 1890-91. He has been a di-
rector of the Merchants Trust Company
from its incorporation in 1889, and has
recently been elected to the directorate
of the Merchants Union Trust Company
— a combination of the former institution
with the Union Trust Company. Recog-
nized as an authority upon financial mat-
ters, he was made a delegate from Penn-
sylvania to the National Bankers Con-
vention, held at the time of the Colum-
bian Exposition in Chicago, and deliv-
ered before that body a comprehensive
address on the resources and the finance
and banking laws of Pennsylvania.

Mr. Page is widely known in connec-
tion with various leading patriotic and
historical associations. He is governor
of the Pennsylvania Society of Colonial
Governors, president of the Colonial So-
ciety, and deputy governor-general and
lieutenant-governor of the Society of Co-
lonial Wars in Pennsylvania, deriving his
membership eligibility from many of the
most distinguished figures in colonial his-
tory— Roger Williams and Caleb Carr,
governors of Rhode Island ; John Greene
Jr., lieutenant-governor of Rhode Island ;
William Nelson and Robert Carter, gov-
ernors of Virginia ; and Edward Shippen,
lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania. He
is also a member of the Sons of the Revo-
lution ; the Historical Societies of Penn-
sylvania and of Virginia; the American
Bar Association, the Pennsylvania Bar
Association, the Law Association of
Philadelphia ; and of Clubs — the Ritten-
house, University, Lawyers, City, Demo-
cratic and Harvard ; the Yale Alumni As-
sociation of Philadelphia ; the Alumni
Association of the Delta Kappa Epsilon
fraternity in Philadelphia, of which he
was at one time president ; and the Re-
form Committee of Seventy, and the
Committee of One Hundred. He is a
communicant of St. Peter's Protestant
Episcopal Church, the old colonial

church at Third and Pine streets, in
which he has been a vestryman for nearly
thirty years ; and he has always been an
active supporter of various departments
of church work.

Mr. Page married, September 25, 1861,
Isabella Graham Wurts, born in Phila-
delphia, March 16, 1840, died in Pau,
France, March 23. 1867, daughter of Wil-
liam Wurts, of Philadelphia, by his wife,
Elizabeth Tate, and of a family of old
and famous lineage clearly traced
through many centuries. Children :

1. Howard Wurts Page, born June
30, 1862; graduate of University of Penn-
sylvania, A.B., A.M., LL.B. ; with his
father in law firm of Page & Page ; mar-
ried Edith, daughter of James S. and
Mary (Hazard) Cox; children: S. Davis
Page Jr., Edith Nelson Page, Evelyn
Byrd Page, Mary Cox Page.

2. Ethel Nelson Page, born December
18, 1864; married, November 16, 1898,
James Large, of Philadelphia, who died
October 2, 1902.

3. William Byrd Page, born February
23, 1866; graduated from L^niversity of
Pennsylvania, with degree of B.S., 1887,
and following year as Mechanical Engi-
neer ; for many years in the motive power
department of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road ; resides at Chestnut Hill, Philadel-
phia.

MASON, Harrison Denning,
Railway Official.

Harrison Denning Mason was born
January 27, 1855, in the city of Allegheny
(now North Side, Pittsburgh). Pennsyl-
vania, and is a son of Harrison and Caro-
line Lydia (Denning) Mason, the former
a son of Archibald Dale Mason, with
whom he was associated in the building
of steamboats on the Ohio river. In the
old Pittsburgh directories issued between
the years 1826 and 1841 may be found
lists of boats constructed bv the firm.

621

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

The education of Harrison Denning
Mason was received at the Newell In-
stitute, Pittsburgh, James R. Newell,
principal. It was a school at which stu-
dents were prepared for college, but Mr.
Mason early made choice of a business
career, and events speedily proved that in
so doing he had selected the field for
which his natural endowments ]ieculiarly
fitted him, his ability as a man of aflfairs
becoming manifest at an early period.

From 1880 to 1900 Mr. Mason was as-
sociated in various capacities with the
Allegheny Valley Railway at Pittsburgh,
finally succeeding to the position of pur-
chasing agent. His associates while con-
nected with that company were David
McCargo, Charles B. Price, Spencer B.
Rumsey, Thomas R. Robinson, Frank M.
Ashmead, Theodore F. Brown and other
men of influence in railway affairs. Since
1900 he has been connected with the Pen-
sion Department of the Pennsylvania
lines west of Pittsburgh.

A loyal son of Pittsburgh, Mr. Mason,
as a business man, ever gives his best
efforts to the advancement of the ma-
terial prosperity of his native city, but,
over and above this, he is a true and
faithful citizen, taking deep and sincere
interest in all concerns relative to the
welfare of Pittsburgh, and extending
substantial aid wherever, in his judg-
ment, it will further public progress. He
is identified with the Republicans, and,
while he has never held public office,
takes a keen interest in political affairs.
No good work done in the name of
charity or religion seeks his co-operation
in vain, and in his work of this character,
to which his leisure hours are mainly de-
voted, he brings to bear the same dis-
crimination and thoroughness that are
manifested in his business life. He is a
director of the Passavant Hospital and
a trustee of the North Presbyterian
Church, North Side. The only social or-
ganization with which he is connected is

the Civic Club of Allegheny County.

Mr. Mason married, September 11,
1878, in Allegheny City, Mary Ella,
daughter of Robert and Sophia Eliza-
beth (Henrici) McCargo, and they were
the parents of six sons: Harrison Den-
ning, born December 19, 1879, mining
engineer; Dean Kenneth, born November
4, 1881, civil engineer; Earle Dilworth,
born November 1 1. 1883, also a civil engi-
neer; Dale Robert, born October 14,
1886, mechanical engineer; Charles Mc-
Cargo, born .\ugust 9, 1890, student at
State College; and David Malcolm, born
June 6, 1893, student at Carnegie School
of Technology, Pittsburgh. Mrs. Mason
is a woman of grace, charm and tact, and
the beautiful home on the North Side
over which she presides is noted as the
abode of culture and refinement and of
open-handed hospitality. Mr. Mason is
devoted to his wife and family, and the
education of his sons has been the object
of his deepest interest and most earnest
attention and forethought. Men like
Harrison Denning Mason are the up-
builders of their communities for the rea-
son that their influence is a comprehen-
sive and wide-reaching power, strength-
ening not material interests alone, but
every element which makes for the bet-
terment of society and the uplifting of
humanity.

Dean Kenneth Mason was married,
December 4, 1912, to Mary Josephine,
daughter of James Murtagh and Annie
Hooper Plummer. Mr. Murtagh was
born in the village of Ohio, Illinois; his
wife, at Salem, Massachusetts. Mr. and
Mrs. Mason reside at Clifton, Arizona.
They have one child, Mary Elizabith,
born at Clifton, November i. 1913.

A lover of letters, the subject of this
sketch has made his own modest contri-
bution to the literature of his native city,
mainly in verse. He finds the highest
pleasure in the companionship of Nature
and in books.

622

\vy^-v>o

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

DARLINGTON, Jas. H., D.D., LL.D.,
Bishop of Harrisbnrg.

The Church, from its very inception,
has wielded a power superior to that of
the State, for the reason that the spiritual
pervades and moulds, and, sooner or later,
dominates the temporal. In the history
of our own race this truth has been re-
peatedly exemplified, notably in the lives
of those ecclesiastics, such as Dunstan,
Abbot of Glastonbury, and Thomas a
Becket, the murdered and afterward
canonized Archbishop of Canterbury,
whose authority exceeded that of their
sovereigns. It is into the mouth of the
first Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury
that Shakespeare puts the magnificent
prophecy descriptive of the glories of
"the spacious times of great Elizabeth"
and those of her Scottish successor, caus-
ing him to say of the latter,

"Wherever the bright sun of heaven shall shine,
His Honor and the greatness of His name
Shall be, and make new nations ;"

thus grandly foretelling the flourishing of
our race on these western shores, where
already the earliest settlements had been
planted. Of the incalculable influence,
inspiring and beneficent, exercised by the
Church during the period of the upbuild-
ing of the American Colonies, and of its
noble part in the Revolutionary struggle,
it is needless to speak. That the influence
of the Church has steadily increased dur-
ing the last century can be questioned
by few thoughtful and penetrating ob-
servers. Whik, perhaps, less obviously
and institutionally exerted, it is, for that
very reason, more pervasive and power-
ful. Especially is this the case when the
Church's leaders are men of broad minds
and liberal sentiments, quick to "discern
the signs of the times" — men of the type
so forcibly represented in our own day

by James Henry Darlington, First Bishop
of Harrisburg.

James Henry Darlington is descended
from old New England, New York and
Virginia colonial families. The name
Darlington is French, being originally De
Arlington or D'Arlington. He was born
at Brooklyn, New York, June 9, 1856, son
of Thomas and Hannah (Goodliffe) Dar-
lington, and a grandson of Peter Darling-
ton. James Henry Darlington entered
the University of New York, graduating
from the academic course with the de-
gree of B.A. in 1877; graduated from
Princeton Seminary in 1880, receiving in
1884 the degree of Ph.D. from Princeton
LTniversity and D.D. in 1895 from his
alma mater; LL.D. from St. John's Col-
lege, Annapolis, Maryland, in 1905, and
from Dickinson College in 1907. He took
deacon's orders in the Episcopal Church
in 1882 and was ordained priest by
Bishop Littlejohn in the same year. Dur-
ing the year 1882-1883 he was assistant
in Christ Church, Bedford avenue, Brook-
lyn, New York, becoming rector the fol-
lowing year. He officiated here until
1905, when he became First Bishop of
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

A man of deeply imbedded convictions
as to right and duty, and as true to such
convictions as is the magnetic needle to
the pole, abounding in sympathy with the
sorrowing, a man of broad views, large
faith and a great heart, such is Bishop
James Henry Darlington. His style of
speaking is original, and a deep earnest-
ness and sincerity pervade his utterances
and carry conviction with them. Bishop
Darlington is author of "Verses for Chil-
dren," and editor of the Hymnal of the
Church. He was chaplain of the Fortj'-
seventh Regiment of the National Guard
of the State of New York for eight years.
He is a member of the Society of Colo-
nial Wars, the Sons of the Revolution,
St. Nicholas, National Geographic and
other societies, and of the L^niversitv

623

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Club of Brooklyn, New York, and the
Westminster Club of England. He has
lectured at Cuddesdon College, Wheatly,
Oxford, and several American universi-
ties. He is a thirty-third degree Mason,
and chaplain of the Pennsylvania Society
and chaplain-general of the Huguenot
Society of America, and has published
numerous addresses and pamphlets which
have had a large circulation.

Bishop Darlington married, July 26,
1886, in the Cathedral of the Incarnation,
at Garden City, Long Island, New York,
Ella Louise Beams, daughter of James
Sterling Beams, president of the Kings
County Bank, Brooklyn. Mrs. Darling-
ton is a woman of culture and charm,
winning the warm friendship of all who
are brought within the sphere of her in-
fluence, and performing with tact and
grace the many and exacting duties which
devolve upon the wife of a metropolitan
clergyman. Both the Bishop and his wife
are popular in the social life of the city
and diocese, and are noted for their hos-
pitality, their winter home, at Harris-
burg, Pennsylvania, being the scene of
many functions. Their villa at New-
port, "The Corners," is one of the hand-
somest at that famous resort, and a num-
ber of bishops and other leading church-
men are entertained there in the height
of the season. Children of Bishop and
Mrs. Darlington : Henry V. B. and Gil-
bert S. B., both graduates of Columbia
University, and now attending the Gen-
eral Theological Seminary of the Episco-
pal Church, in New York City ; Elliott
C. B., a student at Columbia University;
Eleanor Townsend, and Kate Brampton
Darlington.

In this time of turmoil and transition,
the value, both to the Church and to the
community at large, of such a man as
Bishop Darlington, is well-nigh inesti-
mable. A loyal churchman, faithful to
the traditions of the past, and wisely con-
servative, none more fully recognizes the

truth that in this age, as in every other
which has preceded it, "the old order
changeth, yielding place to new," and al-
ways he stands in the front rank of those
who, by their deeds even more than by
their spoken words, show their fellow-
men how to

" — —gain in life as life advances,
Valor and Charity more and more."

HOLLAND, William J., D.D.

Clergyman, Educator, Scientist.

Dr. William Jacob Holland was born
August 16, 1848, at Bethany, a Moravian
mission-station on the Island of Jamaica,
West Indies. His father, the Rev. Fran-
cis Raymond Holland, was a native of
North Carolina, a descendant of John
Holland, one of the early settlers of Sa-
lem, in that state. On his father's side
Dr. Holland traces his descent from the
well-known English family to which be-
longed Philemon Holland, the translator
of Pliny and other classic authors, and
William Holland, the friend of White-
field and Wesley. His mother was the
only child of Jacob Wolle and Eliza
(Horsfield) Wolle, through whom Dr.
Holland traces his descent from some of
the very earliest settlers of the cities of
New York and Philadelphia. At the time
of his birth his parents were temporarily
sojourning in Jamaica, his father being
a missionary of the Moravian church.
He was brought in his infancy to the
United States, and resided with his
parents, first in Ohio, and then in North
Carolina until 1863, when in the fall of
that year the family removed to Bethle-
hem, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Holland received his early educa-
tion in the schools of the Moravian
church, graduating from the Moravian
College at Bethlehem in 1867. Subse-
quently he entered Amherst College,
where he graduated, taking the degree of

624

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

B.A. in 1869, and in 1872 taking the de-
gree of M.A. in course. Immediately
after graduating he became the head-
master of the Amherst High School, suc-
ceeding in this position Charles H. Park-
hurst, since known as one of the most
eminent clergymen of New York City.
Leaving Amherst, Dr. Holland accepted
the headmastership of the High School
at Westborough, Massachusetts, where
he taught from 1870-1871, meanwhile
studying medicine under a preceptor.
Abandoning the idea of entering the med-
ical profession, in the fall of 1871 he en-
tered Princeton Theological Seminary,
where he completed the regular course of
study in the spring of the year 1874. In
1872 he had been ordained as a clergy-
man of the Moravian church, but in 1874
he was transferred to the ministry of the
Presbyterian church, and in April of that
year was installed as the pastor of the
Bellefield Presbyterian Church in the city
of Pittsburgh. For ten or more years he
was the clerk of the Presbytery of Pitts-
burgh. His pastorate continued until
the early spring of the year 1891, when
he resigned his pulpit to accept the chan-
cellorship of the Western University of
Pennsylvania (now the University of
Pittsburgh). Under the inspiring lead-
ership of Dr. Holland the University
grew and prospered, until it held in point
of numbers the second place among the
institutions of learning in Pennsylvania.
At the time when he became chancellor
the only departments were the College,
the School of Civil and Mechanical Engi-
neering, and the Allegheny Observatory.
Lender his administration, departments
of instruction' in electrical and mining
engineering, medicine, law, dentistry, and
pharmacy were added ; and the number
of students taking courses was multiplied
more than eightfold. Dr. Holland re-
mained at the head of the University un-
til 1901, when he resigned his position
in order to devote his entire time to the

affairs of the Carnegie Museum, with
which he had been connected since its
foundation in 1897. He still holds the
position of director of this Museum,
which has grown to be recognized as one
of the foremost institutions of its kind.

In early life Dr. Holland was devoted
to the study of the languages and com-
parative philology. He is known as an
accomplished linguist. Besides being fa-
miliar with the Latin and Greek lan-
guages, which he taught for several years
after graduation from college, he early
devoted himself to the study of the
Semitic languages and the modern lan-
guages of Europe. He took the Carter
prize for the best knowledge of Hebrew
on entering Princeton Seminary, and
spent much time in the study of Chaldee
and Arabic, the latter as a private pupil
of the late Professor William H. Green,
of Princeton. In Amherst he had de-
voted himself to the study of Japanese,
having as his pupil in Greek the first
Japanese educated in America, the
founder of the Doshisha, or Christian
University in Kyoto, who, in return for
the instruction he received in Greek, im-
parted to his teacher a knowledge of
Japanese. The modern languages have
been his constant study for many years,
and he has a reading knowledge of most
of them, and has made public addresses
in Germany before learned bodies in Ber-
lin and \^ienna, and has lectured in
French in Paris, and in Spanish in Ma-
drid.

While a devoted student of languages
throughout his life, Dr. Holland has been
no less devoted to the natural sciences,
and to art. His father was interested in
conchology, his mother's father was an
accomplished amateur botanist, the friend
of Darlington, Mead, Shortt, Torrey,
Sprague, and Asa Gray, the leaders in
botanical research in America. In early
childhood he began to collect plants and
animals and studv their wavs. Soon

62 =

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

after settling in Pittsburgh he seriously
took up the study of entomology, and
succeeded in amassing the largest collec-
tions of the insects of the world in pri-
vate hands in North America (the col-
lection is now deposited in the Carnegie
Museum). With this collection before
him he has written many papers, in
which he has described hundreds of spe-
cies new to science, especially from tropi-
cal Africa and the Orient. He is re-
garded to-day as one of the highest liv-
ing authorities upon the lepidoptera (but-
terflies and moths), and his published pa-
pers upon this and other groups of in-
sects number over one hundred titles.
He is the author of "The Butterfly
Book" and "The Moth Book," published
by Doubleday, Page & Co., the two most
widely known and most popular works
upon the lepidoptera of North America
in existence. Some of the other impor-
tant papers from his pen are "The Lepi-
doptera of Celebes" (1889) ; "Descrip-
tions of New Genera and Species of West
African Lepidoptera" (1894); "A Pre-
liminary Revision and Synonymic Cata-
logue of the Hesperiidae of Africa and
the Adjacent Islands" (1896) ; "The
Lepidoptera of Buru" (1901). He has
given assistance to Sir George F. Hamp-
son in the preparation of his "Catalogue
of the Moths" of the world, which is be-
ing published by the trustees of the Brit-
ish Museum and has already reached the
thirteenth volume, and has aided in the
preparation of many other works by the
loan of specimens and by furnishing des-
criptions and drawings.

In 1887 he was the naturalist of the
United States Eclipse Expedition sent to
Japan by the National Academy of Sci-
ences and by the United States Navy
Department, and in 1889 was appointed
to the same position in connection with
the United States Eclipse Expedition to
West Africa.

Dr. Holland, however, has not confined

himself to the study of entomology and
recent animals. He is recognized to-day
as one of the leading paleontologists of
America. His work as Curator of the
Section of Paleontology in the Carnegie
Museum, in which he has had the gen-
erous support of Mr. Andrew Carnegie,
has resulted in the formation of one of
the largest and most important collec-
tions of fossil fishes, reptiles, and mam-
mals in the New World. One of the
well-known specimens in this collection
is the skeleton of the colossal dinosaur,
Diplodocus Carnegiei, replicas of which
have been installed by Dr. Holland, as
gifts from Mr. Carnegie, in the British
Museum, the National Museums of Ger-
many, France, Austria, Russia, Italy, Ar-
gentina, and Spain. Dr. Holland has
written numerous and important papers
upon the osteology of the extinct verte-
brates, his latest work being a "Mono-
graph upon the Osteology of the Chali-
cotheres," a strange extinct family of
mammals, in the preparation of which he
has associated with himself his assistant,
Mr. O. A. Peterson. Dr. Holland has
been the editor since their commence-
ment of the publications of the Carnegie
Museum (nine volumes of the "Annals"
and six volumes of the "Memoirs"), and
his scientific knowledge is reflected in
this array of important works, the ar-
ticles in which have all felt the touch of
his revising hand.

He has also taken a deep interest in lo-
cal history as well as in general litera-
ture. His contributions to the history
of Western Pennsylvania have been nu-
merous, and have appeared in various
publications. He has been a contributor
to various cyclopedias, the article upon
"Pittsburgh" in the "Encyclopedia Amer-
icana," and that upon "Museums of Sci-
ence," in the last edition of the "Ency-
clopaedia Britannica" being, among others,
worthy of note. His latest book, "To the
River Plate and Back," Putnams (1913),

626

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

is an account of his journey to South
America in 1912, which has met with a
most cordial reception from the reading
pubHc on both sides of the water.

Dr. Holland in his earlier years was a
devoted disciple of Isaak Walton, and a
keen sportsman and mountain-climber.
In later years he has devoted himself
more ardently to the easel, for which he
has partially forsaken the rod and the
gun. He has achieved for himself an
enviable reputation as a painter both in
oils and water, and as an illustrator. His
various books and scientific papers have
all been in the main illustrated by his
own hands. He formerly lectured upon
the history of art, and the biography of
Albrecht Diirer, published by the Cas-
sells in their stately work, "Great Men
and Famous Women," is from his pen.

During the years in which he was the
head of the University in Pittsburgh he
lectured upon political economy and in-
ternational law. For many years he was
a director of the Chamber of Commerce
of Pittsburgh, and frequently represented
this body at the annual meetings of the
National Board of Trade in Washington,
being at the last session he attended the
chairman of the committee upon cur-
rency and banking. In September, 1905,
he delivered before the International
Congress of Commercial and Industrial
Corporations held at Liege, Belgium, an
address upon "An International System
of Coinage," which was very well re-
ceived, and has been translated into many
European languages.

Dr. Holland is in certain circles best
known as an educator. His years of
service as the head of the oldest institu-
tion of learning in Western Pennsylvania
and his interest in other kindred institu-
tions have won him a recognized place
among the educators of this country. He
was the President of the Association of
Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the
Middle States and Maryland, and pre-

sided at the sessions of this body at
Johns Hopkins University in 1894. He
is the author of the Act of the Legisla-
ture of Pennsylvania creating the College
and University Council of the State,
which is clothed with many of the func-
tions of the Board of Regents of the Uni-
versity of New York. He is with one
exception the longest in tenure of office
of all the trustees of the University of
Pittsburgh, for nearly a third of a cen-
tury has been a trustee of the Western
Theological Seminary, was long a trus-
tee of the Pennsylvania College for
Women, of Washington and Jefferson
College, and of the Pittsburgh School of
Design for Women. He was one of the
founders and the first president of the
Academy of Science and Art of Pitts-
burgh, and for a number of years has
been the president of the Pittsburgh So-
ciety of the American Institute of
Archaeology, and a councillor of the In-
stitute. He is a fellow of the American
Institute of Social Sciences, and a mem-
ber of the council of the Association for
International Conciliation. He was ac-
tive in founding the American Associa-
tion of Museums, of which he has been
the president.

His activities as a public-spirited citi-
zen have been constant. When Pitts-
burgh held an unenviable record on ac-
count of the prevalence of typhoid fever,
he was one of those who took an active
part in the campaign to bring about re-
lief. When at last it was resolved by
the city to appoint a commission to con-
sider ways and means to stay the plague,
he was appointed a member of the com-
mission, and became chairman of the
committee upon methods of procedure,
and of the committee upon water analy-
ses, to which the experimental work of
the commission was referred. He at-
tended nearly every meeting of the com-
mission (there were seventy), and at his
own expense visited Europe to inspect all

627

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the filtration plants in operation, and also
visited numerous American cities in com-
pany with other members of the commis-
sion. The final report was written by
Dr. Holland, and published by the coun-
cil of the city. The result was the estab-
lishment of a great modern filtration
plant and the practical elimination of ty-
phoid fever from the city of Pittsburgh.
In speaking of this matter to the writer,
the Doctor said, "If I had done nothing
else in my life than help to eliminate ty-
phoid fever from the community I should
be happy."

Between Dr. Holland and Mr. Andrew
Carnegie there has long been a close
friendship. When the latter announced
his gift of a great library to the city of
Pittsburgh, the first trustee named in the
gift was Dr. Holland, and when Mr. Car-
negie created the Carnegie Institute the
first name suggested by him as that of a
trustee was that of his old friend, the
chancellor of the University. Dr. Hol-
land is one of the members of the Car-
negie Hero Fund Commission, and since
its inception has been its vice-president,
and chairman of the executive commit-
tee of the board.

Dr. Holland is an active member of
many of the foremost societies devoted
to scientific research in both hemispheres.
He is a fellow of the Royal Society of
Edinburgh, of the Entomological and
Zoological Societies of London, of the
American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, and of the Geological
Society of America. He is a member and
former president of the Entomological
Societies of Cambridge, Massachusetts,
and Western Pennsylvania; a member of
the Entomological Societies of Washing-
ton, New York, France, Germany, and
Russia, of the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences in Philadelphia, and the Pennsyl-
vania Historical Society. He is an hon-
orary member of the Anthropological
and Geographical Society of Sweden, of

the Royal Academy of Sciences in Bo-
logna, Italy, of the National Academy of
Science in Argentina, and of the Royal
Society of the Natural Sciences in Spain.
To the latter position he was recently
elected as the successor of the late Lord
Avebury of England. Dr. Holland is a
member of the Authors Club in New
York, of the Cosmos Club in Washing-
ton, and of the L^niversity Club in Pitts-
burgh. He has received in recognition of
his learning and usefulness many honor-
ary degrees. From Amherst College he
has the degree of D.D., conferred in
1888; from Washington and Jefferson
the degrees of Ph.D. (1886) and Sc.D.
(1902). He has received the degree of
LL.D from Dickinson (1896), New York
University (1897), St. Andrews in Scot-
land (1905), and Bethany College (1907).
He has not merely been recognized by
institutions of learning, but also by the
sovereigns of various European countries
as a representative American man of sci-
ence. The Emperor of Germany in 1908
conferred upon him the Order of the
Crown of Prussia, III Klasse, and in the
same year President Fallieres in person
Ijestowed upon him the order of Oflficier
de la Legion d'Honneur. In 1909 the
Emperor of Austria made Dr. Holland
an Officer of the Order of Francis Jo-
seph ; in 1910 he was made a Commander
of the Crown of Italy by Victor Im-
manuel III., and in 191 1 he received the
decoration of a Knight of the Order of
St. Stanislas of the II Class, with the
star, from the Emperor of Russia.

Dr. Holland married, January 23, 1879,
Carrie T., youngest daughter of the late
John Moorhead, one of the well-known
iron manufacturers of Pittsburgh. He
has two sons, the elder, Mr. Moorhead
Benezet Holland, a lawyer; the younger,
Mr. Francis Raymond Holland, an artist.

This necessarily brief resume of the
life work of Dr. Holland gives but a
scanty idea of his great versatility and

628

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the remarkable work he has accomplished
in his chosen fields. The great museum
of the Carnegie Institute is one of the
most wonderful collections in this coun-
try, and in some of its departments is su-
perior to any in the world. To super-
vise the collection and properly classify
and exhibit the treasures gathered from
every part of the world is but one of his
many duties, and in the particular field
of museum management he is unrivaled.
He has achieved prominence in every
field of activity he has entered, and,
whether he be considered as a clergyman,
educator, naturalist, author, or executive,
there is but one verdict — "well done,
good and faithful servant!"

EDWARDS, George B.,

Soldier, Transportation Official.

Without facilities for transportation
no city can be truly great, inasmuch as
there can be no industrial and commer-
cial growth and consequently no progress
in any of the elements which enter into
the higher forms of civilization. Even
Pittsburgh, with her matchless wealth of
natural resources, could never have at-
tained her present proud position as Cap-
ital of the Industrial World without the
means of transporting her products to
their different markets. The men who
provide those means and by their genius
control their operation are the men whose
work lies at the very foundation of the
city's greatness. Conspicuous among
them for a score of years was the late
George B. Edwards, superintendent and
general Eastern manager of the Star
Union Line, and later through freight
agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-
pany. Mr. Edwards was numbered
among Pittsburgh's most honored resi-
dents, being not only one of the foremost
railroad men in the United States, but
long associated with the most vital inter-
ests of his home city.

George B. Edwards, son of Richard
and Catherine Pond (May) Edwards,
was born January 3, 1842, in Allegheny
county, Pennsylvania. He was educated
in public and private schools of his native
county, and before he reached the age of
sixteen the family moved to Dubuque,
Iowa. When the bombardment of Fort
Sumter proclaimed the announcement of
Civil War, George B. Edwards was
among the first to respond to the call to
arms. Enlisting in the Union army in
1861 as sergeant in the "Curtis Horse,"
a volunteer regiment of Iowa cavalry, he
served with distinction and was subse-
quently commissioned first lieutenant,
and later appointed adjutant to Colonel
Lowe of the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, then
acting brigadier-general, commanding at
Forts Henry and Heiman, Tennessee, in
March, 1862. In September, 1862, while
on sick leave due to exposure, the official
title of adjutant was abolished by the
government. Being needed by his father,
Mr. Edwards took this opportunity to
leave the army, and was honorably dis-
charged from the service.

On his return to civil life Mr. Edwards
settled in Pittsburgh and entered the
service of the Union Railroad Transpor-
tation Company, (or Star Union Line) of
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.
His remarkable business abilities devel-
oped rapidl}' and did not fail to receive
merited recognition. His advancement
was steady, leading eventually to his ap-
pointment as superintendent and general
Eastern manager of the Union Line, the
position which he held during the re-
mainder of his life. In this responsible
office, the duties of which he discharged
with consummate ability and absolute
fidelity, he was recognized as one of the
most prominent freight men in the
L^nited States. Throughout Mr. Ed-
wards' business career capable manage-
ment, unfaltering enterprise and a spirit
of justice were dominant factors. His

629

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

administrative ability was manifest in the
skill with which every department of his
jurisdiction was systematized in order to
avoid all needless expenditure of time,
material and labor. It was impossible
that a man of his type should fall into
the error of regarding his employees
merely as parts of a great machine. On
the contrary, he recognized their indi-
viduality, making it a rule that faithful
and efficient service should be promptly
rewarded with promotion as opportunity
offered. Requiring from all the strictest
attention to duty, he set them a notable
example. To whatever he undertook he
gave his whole soul, allowing none of the
many interests intrusted to his care to
suffer for want of close and able atten-
tion and industry.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and public virtue, Mr. Ed-
wards stood in the front rank. In poli-
tics he was a Republican, and as a vigi-
lant and attentive observer of men and
measures, holding sound opinions and
taking liberal views, his ideas carried
weight among those with whom he dis-
cussed public problems. While he never
consented to hold office he was, neverthe-
less, active in political circles and was
ever loyal in his support of measures cal-
culated to benefit the city and promote
its rapid and substantial development.
He was ever unostentatiously ready to
aid the distressed, to watch over the in-
terests of the unfortunate and to accord
to the laborer his hire. The educational,
charitable and religious interests which
constitute the chief features in the life
of every city all profited by his support
and co-operation. He belonged to Du-
quesne Post, No. 259, G. A. R., and to
the Military Order of the Loyal Legion.

The personality of Mr. Edwards was
that of a man of great force of character,
strong mental endowments, large nature
and genial disposition and these at-
tributes were stamped upon his counte-

nance. His simplicity and personal mag-
netism won for him a host of friends, and
even those who never came within the
circle of his intimacy found something
peculiarly attractive in his speech and
manner. A noteworthy example of hon-
esty and patriotism, he exhibited a con-
sistency and uprightness of conduct and
a genuine philanthropy which enshrined
him in the hearts of his fellow-citizens.

George B. Edwards married, October,
1864, Eliza Thaw, born December 10,
1843, daughter of William and Eliza
Burd (Blair) Thaw, and they became the
parents of eight children, of whom the
following survive : Burd Blair (Mrs.
Charles E. Dickson) ; the Misses Kather-
ine May, Lidie Thaw and Mary Louisa
Edwards. The following are deceased :
Richard, William Thaw, George Blair,
and Margaret Alice Edwards. Mrs. Ed-
wards was one of those rare women who
combine with perfect womanliness and
domesticity an unerring judgment — traits
of the greatest value to her husband, to
whom she was not only a charming com-
panion but a trusted confidante. Mr. Ed-
wards was a man to whom the ties of
home and friendship were sacred and he
delighted in the exercise of hospitality.
A happy union of many years was dis-
solved when Mr. Edwards passed away.
Mrs. Edwards sur\aved him exactly a
quarter of a century, her death occurring
May 13, 1912.

Scarcely had he reached the meridian
of life when, in the full maturity of his
powers, death closed his eminently use-
ful and honorable career, May 19, 1887.
For many years he had stood before the
community as one of the most distin-
guished and valued citizens of Pitts-
burgh, and the memory of his life re-
mains as an inspiration to those who wit-
nessed it. Devoted in his family rela-
tions, sincere and true in his friendships,
he lived level with the hearts of those he
loved, endearing himself to them, while

630

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

the ever-widening circle of his influence
expressed the true value of his character.
Every action was in accord with the
loftiest principles of integrity, and he ful-
filled to the letter every trust committed
to him.

THOMPSON, William,

Oil Operator, Man of Affairs.

The Thompsons of this record, repre-
sented in the present day by William
Thompson, of Alexandria, Pennsylvania,
descend from a Scotch-Irish ancestor,
James Thompson, who came from Scot-
land in 1730, settling in Lancaster
county. He had all of a Scotchman's
love of adventure, and when the colonies
were struggling against French and In-
dian foes he gladly and bravely bore his
part. He served under the command of
the youthful Washington and went down
in defeat with the English army at Brad-
dock's Field. His son William, then a
lad of fourteen years, was also with the
army, serving as teamster, and was one of
the drivers who after the burial of Gen-
eral Braddock drove their horses and
wagons over the grave made in the road,
that all traces of freshly turned earth
might be obliterated and the brave gen-
eral's body escape mutilation by the sav-
ages. This same James Thompson,
known as "Uncle Jimmie," who thus
early received his "baptism of fire," was
the hero of another perilous adventure.
He was captured by Indians raiding
along the Susquehanna river, and carried
away to Canada, along with a Miss
Young. They were held prisoners for a
long time. Miss Young being obliged to
work in a cornfield. Taking advantage
of the entire village being on a hunting
trip, they made an attempt to escape.
They had been left in the care of two
guards, one of whom the young man
killed, and the other he disarmed and
bound. Miss Young was recaptured.

while Thompson kept in hiding for sev-
eral days and finally made his dangerous
journey southward. After narrowly es-
caping capture on several occasions, and
after almost incredible suffering, living
for days on roots and berries, he reached
the west bank of the Susquehanna.
Luckily he there found several Indian
canoes, which he cut loose, taking one for
his own escape, and soon reached Fort
Dorris, near Lewisburg, where he resided
several years, but later migrated west,
and many of his descendants live in
Franklin and vicinity. His escape from
the Indians had a romantic ending. After
reaching friends, he raised a company
and went back to the Indian camp, de-
feating the red men, and recapturing
Miss Young.

In the provincial and revolutionary
periods several families by name Thom-
son and Thompson became conspicuous
in the military and civil service of Lan-
caster and Cumberland counties and in
the Juniata Valley. Lancaster county
furnished three colonels of the name in
the Revolutionary War — Colonel James,
Colonel Robert and Colonel Andrew
Thompson. Colonel James commanded a
York county battalion, and was also
councillor for that county. Colonel Rob-
ert and Colonel James married daughters
of Robert Bailey.

The ancestor of this branch. James
Thompson, came to America in 1730-35,
from the North of Ireland, with his
brother John, first locating at New Lon-
don Crossroads, Chester count}', Pennsyl-
vania, thence moving to Hanover town-
ship, Lancaster county, but now in
Dauphin county. John later moved to
the Juniata Vallej', settling near the
present town of Thompsonville. James
settled in the Cumberland \"alley. near
Chambersburg.

Rev. James Thompson, grandson of
James Thompson, the emigrant, was born
in Buffalo Valley, Pennsylvania, died in

631

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Alexandria, Huntingdon county, October
8, 1830, at the early age of thirty-nine
years. He was educated under the tui-
tion of Rev. Dr. Hood, he and his class-
mate. Judge Greer, receiving their di-
plomas from Mr. Hood at the same time,
one entering the ministry, the other the
law. After being ordained a minister of
the Presbyterian church, Rev. Thompson
first accepted a call to a church in Union
county, Pennsylvania, which he served
until 1819. In that year the churches at
Shavers Run and Alexandria united and
called him as their pastor. He accepted,
and on April 19, 1819, was ordained and
installed. The congregation then had no
place of worship of their own, but occu-
pied a stone shop belonging to George
Wilson as their place of meeting. Soon
after the coming of Rev. Thompson a lot
for church and cemetery purposes was
secured, a frame building erected thereon,
which, from the color it was painted, be-
came known as the "White Meeting
House." Here the congregation wor-
shipped for many years, when a more
modern building was erected. The fruits
of his eleven years as pastor were abun-
dant. The first Presbyterian minister of
the town, he gave Alexandria its first
church building, and laid there a broad
and enduring foundation on which the
religious life of the community was built.
His was the first inspiring effort that
blazed the way for greater achievements.
He married Elizabeth, daughter of
Zachariah and Elizabeth Gemmill. Her
father was the owner of the land on
which Alexandria stands, having pur-
chased it from the owner, by whom it
was patented in 1775. After the death of
Zachariah Gemmill, his widow, Eliza-
beth, laid out Alexandria, in August,
1793- The original plan consisted of one
hundred lots so arranged that each lot
was two hundred feet in length and sixty
feet in front, excepting those on the river
and four around the public square, which

were shorter. These lots were subject to
a ground rent beginning September i,
1793. The rental on the Front street lots
was $1 annually ; on Second street, two-
thirds of a dollar ; and on Third street,
one-half of a dollar. A century later
many of these lots were still subject to
this ground rent and still are. Elizabeth
Gemmill gave her daughter, Elizabeth
Thompson, quite a generous portion of
the home farm, and on the part nearest
the village Rev. James built his house
when first coming there in 1819. This
building, with but comparatively few
changes, is now the residence of his son
William, who was born within its walls.
Mrs. Thompson died in 1877, having been
a widow for forty-seven years. Children :
Anna, deceased; William, of whom fur-
ther; Elizabeth, died in infancy; Jane,
died unmarried in 1880.

William, only son of Rev. James and
Elizabeth (Gemmill) Thompson, was
born in his present home November 14,
1823. He was a lad of seven years when his
father died, and when fifteen years of age
he left school and went to Pittsburgh to
learn the printer's trade. He did not
fancy the trade, and after eighteen
months' service gave it up and began
clerking in a drygoods store, but only for
a short time. He then spent a few years
in the iron mills of Pittsburgh, but the
love of adventure that brought his sire
to the wilds of Western Pennsylvania in
the days of old gained the upper hand,
and about 1855 he went to Kansas, there
undergoing the frightful experiences of
border warfare. Here he fell into the
hands of a gang of ruffians, who placed
him on a boat bound down the river. He
soon made his escape, and in i860 made
his way back to quieter and less danger-
ous scenes. He again settled in Pitts-
burgh, and soon after joined in with the
pioneers in the oil fields of Pennsylvania,
there finding his life work. He has been
prominently identified with oil produc-

632

t^^C^^T-'^Z—

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

tion until the present time. He has oper-
ated alone, in partnership, and has con-
nection with the operations of many
companies. He was successful in all his
undertakings and has gradually narrowed
liis field of operations until his only in-
terests are as a stockholder in various
successful and established companies.
Besides his oil operations he has had
other important business interests. He
was one of the organizers of the Oil City
Savings Bank, for many years its presi-
dent, and was for a long time identified
with the Centennial Bank of Philadel-
phia, which he yet serves as director.

Though for many years Mr. Thomp-
son's business interests have taken him
far and often from the scenes of his
childhood, he has ever cherished an espe-
cial fondness for the home of his birth,
and in every possible way has advanced
the interests of his native village and life-
time home. In association with Mr.
Wolverton he erected a beautiful li-
brary building in Alexandria, and, in
memory of their mothers, both daugh-
ters of Elizabeth Gemmill, they named it
the Memorial Public Library. The
shelves are well filled and the librar}'
would be a credit to even a much larger
town than Alexandria. The Presbyterian
church, founded by his father, has also
been an object of Mr. Thompson's gen-
erous regard. When the recent altera-
tions and repairs were completed it was
his pleasant duty and privilege to furnish
the funds, and thereby continue in a ma-
terial sense the work begun spiritually
by his honored father. In political faith
Mr. Thompspn has been a lifelong Re-
publican. He is a member of the LTnion
League, and numbered among his warm
personal friends the late president of
that institution, Mr. James Hope. An-
other close friend of Mr. Thompson for
many years was Charles Pugh, vice-presi-
dent of the Pennsylvania railroad, now
deceased. Mr. Thompson is a member of

the Fairbrook Club, of Pennsylvania
Furnace, and the Rod and Gun Club, of
.'spruce Creek, Pennsylvania.

WISTER, William R.,

Lairyer, Man of Affairs.

The late William Rotch Wister, of
Philadelphia, was a prominent member
of one of the city's oldest and most dis-
tinguished families. He was a distinct
type of a gentleman of the old school,
and possessed that gracious bearii^g and
courtliness of manner which are rare
virtues indeed in these busy times.

He was born at "Belfield," German-
town, December 7, 1827, son of William
Wister and Sarah Logan Fisher, who
were also of a noted ancestry. The fam-
ily history dates back to the advent of
one Johann Wtister, who came to Phila-
delphia in 1727, and who, upon a tract in
Germantown, erected in 1744 the old
mansion ever since occupied by the de-
scendants. The ancestry on both sides
were well known and prominent families.
Through his grandmother, Mary Rod-
man, wife of William Logan Fisher, of
"Wakefield," Philadelphia, Mr. Wister
was a descendant of the Rodman and
Rotch families of New Bedford, Massa-
chusetts, and of the early settlers of the
Island of Nantucket. Through his grand-
father, William Logan Fisher, he was a
descendant of James Logan, of "Sten-
ton," friend and secretary of William
Penn. On the Wister side he was de-
scended from Dr. Thomas Wynne, who
came to America in the "Welcome,"
Owen Jones, Sr., and others who likewise
held positions of trust and importance in
the colonies. Mr. Wister's forbears were
Quakers by birth or conviction, and.
while not personally one by birth or con-
viction, he was strongly drawn to the
Hicksites and liked to consider himself

Admitted to the bar in 1849. ^^r. Wis-

633

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ter was actively engaged in his profes-
sional practice, which was largely de-
voted to estates, until shortly before his
death. For many years he took an active
interest in public affairs, and aided many
movements made for the betterment of
the city. For a time he served as a mem-
ber of the City Councils. At the begin-
ning of the Civil War he enlisted in the
Union cause, and maintained the valiant
record of the family, many of whom had
fought in the War of the Revolution, and
later for the preservation of the Union.
He became lieutenant-colonel of the
Twentieth Cavalry Regiment of Penn-
sylvania Volunteers, and immediately
after the war retired to private life.

In 1868 Mr. Wister was married to
Mary R. Eustis, a granddaughter of Rev.
William EUery Channing, the noted New
England scholar and clergyman. His
wife survives him, together with three
daughters and a son. The eldest daugh-
ter, Mary Channing Wister, is the wife
of Owen Wister, the novelist, a distant
relative.

The game of cricket owes its beginning
and development in this country to Mr.
Wister, who took a keen interest in it
from boyhood. Inspired by him, a num-
ber of gentlemen players of the game
united with him in founding the Phila-
delphia Cricket Club, the oldest organi-
zation of its kind in the country. In
addition to being the founder of the Phil-
adelphia Cricket Club, he was one of the
oldest members of the Union League and
the Germantown Cricket Club. He was
also a member of the Military Order of
the Loyal Legion.

Mr. Wister held a large interest in a
number of prominent business corpora-
tions. He was solicitor for the National
Bank of Germantown from 185 1 until his
death, and had served as a director since
1901. He had been for many years a di-
rector of the old "Hand-in-Hand" Fire
Insurance Company, the oldest in Amer-

634

ica, known by the more dignified title of
the Philadelphia Contributorship for the
Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire.
Mr. Wister was appointed yearly by the
judges to be one of the auditors of the
Philadelphia Saving Fund Society from
1878 to 191 1, and was a director of the
Guarantee Trust Company and of Wil-
liam Wharton, Jr. & Co., Inc., railroad
supply manufacturers.

Although Mr. Wister's life was
crowded with activity along many differ-
ent lines, he was essentially a lawyer, and
for sixty years had been in active prac-
tice at the bar. During all that time he
stood high with the Bench and Bar, and
ever upheld the best traditions of the pro-
fession. Perhaps no better appreciation
of Mr. Wister, both in his professional
life and as a citizen, could be given than
in the words of the "Philadelphia Press"
upon the occasion of his death, and which
we publish herewith :

The death of William Rotch Wister closes a
life long and useful, known and loved, such as
could scarcely be led elsewhere in a city as large
as Philadelphia and be at once so personal and
so public. He was for sixty years in active
practice at the bar, beginning when all the law-
yers in the city knew each other by sight, as they
did their work in and about Independence
Square, and ending when a city of 1,600,000 num-
bered its attorneys by the thousand.

Mr. Wister stood in these later years almost
alone a representative of the day when most
leading lawyers had their offices in their homes
and did their marketing on their leisurely way
to court. Through all this period he represented
in his practice and his professional relations that
high view of an advocate's calling which re-
garded the attorney first as an officer of the
court and of the law and next as representing
his client. In this last task he was always a
model of those reserves and sedulous fiduciary
care for the interests of another which mark
the true lawyer from the days of Rome to our
own.

Civic life he touched on every side. He did a
citizen soldier's duty in the Civil War. He
shared in movements for reform, and led in
charitable endeavor. He was awake to the re-
ligious activities of his own denomination, and

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

he shared by marriage its greater traditions,
summed in the name and work of Channing.
Maintaining an early tradition of this city with
which his family has been so long associated, he
always found time for the sports too much neg-
lected in American life. He revived cricket, won
his place at the wickets and bat, and kept his
active part in the game for years, which match
any English record in life-long devotion to a
great sport.

This varied and yet serene, assured and cen-
tered life carried its activities far beyond the ap-
pointed span. Mr. Wister lived to see the green
fields on which he played grow thick with house
and mill. The tides of population swept around
what had been a remote country place, in which
he once passed his summer apart. Happy in all
that a good and fruitful life can bring, he lived
to see his children's children, to make good the
loss of friends which long years inflict by a
widening circle of friendship and never to see
the face of an enemy or deserve one.

MARSHALL, T. Elwood, and T. Clar-
ence,

I<eading Paper Manufacturers.

The name Marshall has been an hon-
ored one in Pennsylvania since its intro-
duction in the latter part of the seven-
teenth century, none of the ancient pa-
tronymics of the State boasting a more
distinguished origin or descendants who
have borne it more nobly. To follow
the paths of those called Marshall leads
one into scientific research, public serv-
ice, finance, and manufacturing, a record
of merit, beginning with John Marshall,
of Derbyshire, England. That place had
been the home of his ancestors for many
generations, and in 1686 he migrated from
Elton parish in that shire to America,
locating temporarily in Blockley town-
ship, Philadelphia county, Pennsylvania,
a year later coming to Darby, Delaware
county, where he died 9th month 13, 1729.
He was a member of Friends' Meeting,
and there married, loth month 19, 1688,
Sarah, daughter of Thomas Smith, theirs
being the first marriage solemnized un-
der the auspices of Darby Meeting: his

wife's death occurred 5th month 16, 1749.
John was a cousin of Abraham Marshall,
the distinguished botanist and horticul-
turist, who came from Gratton parish,
Derbyshire, in 1700, and settled in West
Bradford, Chester county. Children of
John and Sarah (Smith) Marshall: i.
John, born 6th month 16, 1690, died 8th
month 4, 1749, married Joanna Paschall,
and (second) Elinor Shenton, a widow.
2. William, born 2nd month 11, 1692,
died in 1727; married Mary Sellers. 3.
Thomas, of whom further.

Thomas, son of John and Sarah
(Smith) Marshall, was married 2d month
24, 1718, and settled in Concord town-
ship, Chester county, dying there in 1741.
He married Hannali, daughter of Benja-
min and Ann (Pennel) Mendenhall, his
widow marrying Peter Grubb. Thomas
and Hannah (Mendenhall) Marshall had
nine children.

John, eighth of the nine children of
Thomas and Hannah (Mendenhall) Mar-
shall, was born in Concord township,
Chester county, Pennsylvania, nth month
22, 1734, and settled in Birmingham
township, where his wife died in 1764,
leaving two children — Mary, who mar-
ried William Phillips, and Martha, who
died unmarried. He moved to Kennett
township in 1765 and there became a
large landowner, among his extensive
holdings being a grist and sawmill. He
and his family were members of Hoc-
kessin Meeting and Kennett Monthly
Meeting: his death occurred nth month
30, 1815. He married, 4th month 27,

1768, Susanna, daughter of Robert and
Ann (Bourne) Lamborn, born 4th month
7. 1749. died 3rd month 3, 1839. Chil-
dren: I. Thomas, born 4th month 22,

1769. died 2nd month 2, 1851 : married
Sarah Gregg. 2. Robert, of whom fur-
ther. 3. William, born 5th month 26,
1773, died young. 4. Hannah, born ist
month 7, 1775. died 1st month 21, 1859:
married John Yeaman. 5. Ann, born 8th

635

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

month 22, 1778, died 5th month 26, 1862;
married John Scarlett. 6. Martha, born
8th month 20, 1780, died ist month 3,
181 1. 7. William, born 7th month 30,
1784, died 1859; married Margaret Mc-
Cammon.

Robert, second son and child of John
and Susanna (Lamborn) Marshall, was
born in Kennett township, Chester coun-
ty, Pennsylvania, 9th month 15, 1771. He
inherited the homestead, established a
grist mill and became a prosperous miller
and farmer. He married, nth month 22,
1804, Mary, born 3rd month 16, 1781, died
7th month 30, 1847, daughter of Thomas
and Sarah (Bane) Hoopes, of Goshen,
Chester county, Pennsylvania. Children :
I. Caleb H., born gth month 11, 1806. 2.
John, born icth month 7, 1808, died 5th
month 23, 1885 ; married (first) Sarah
Phillips, (second) Mary Harlan. 3.
Martha, born 8th month i, 1810; married
Thomas Hannum. 4. Abner, born 8th
month 27, 1814; married Ann Eliza Pyle.
5. Thomas S., of whom further.

Thomas S. Marshall, son of Robert and
Mary (Hoopes) Marshall, was born in
Kennett township, Chester county, Penn-
sylvania, 3rd month 18, 1818, died 3rd
month 6, 1887. He was, like his father, a
miller, and in 1856 began the manufac-
ture of paper, an industry that his sons
later greatly developed, bringing to real-
ization the possibilities of that business.
He married Mary Way. Children : Israel
Way, of whom further; Mary, married
Dr. Taylor S. Mitchell, of Hockessin,
Delaware ; T. Elwood, of whom further.

Israel Way Marshall, son of Thomas
S. and Mary (Way) Marshall, was born
on the old ^Marshall homestead in Ken-
nett township, Chester county, Pennsyl-
vania, I2th month 29, 1850, died June 26,
191 1. He was educated in the public
schools, Professor Swithin C. Short-
lidge's Academy at Kennett Square,
which he entered at the age of fourteen
years, and at Evan T. Swayne's Acad-

emy, which he entered two years later,
continuing there until he was eighteen
years of age. His father was then en-
gaged in paper manufacturing, and on
completing his education Israel W. en-
tered the mill and in the course of time
mastered the details of paper making as
there practiced. The quality of the prod-
uct did not measure up to the perfection
he deemed possible, and he later invented
a process of chemically treating the fibre
which greatly increased its utility and
market value. After proving the practi-
cality of his process and methods, he and
his brother T. Elwood assumed the man-
agement of the mill, converting what had
been an unprofitable business into a pros-
perous one, creating a demand for their
improved product far in excess of the
capacity of the old mill. The brothers
then decided to expand to meet the new
conditions of trade. They built a new
plant at Yorklyn, Newcastle county,
Delaware, introduced all modern im-
provements in paper-making machinery,
and there established a business that grew
to large proportions and placed Marshall
Brothers among the foremost of paper
manufacturers. Israel W. Marshall also
invented the Endless Fibre Machine,
which was patented by the brothers and
is used exclusively in their mills. In
1905 Israel W. and T. Elwood Marshall
purchased the T. W. Ferree property of
122 acres at Yorklyn and organized the
National Fibre & Insulation Company,
and J. Warren and T. Clarence, sons of
Israel W., and John A. and Henry W.,
sons of T. Elwood, were admitted to the
company. J. Warren Marshall was made
president ; John A., secretary and treas-
urer; Henry W., vice-president of the
Fibre Company ; and T. Clarence, treas-
urer of Marshall Brothers Paper Mill.
In 1912, after the death of Israel W. Mar-
shall, the National Fibre & Insulation
Company built the extensive paper mills
connected with the other paper mills and

636

cJ€^(^^^ 4^c^>^^^^<^<:^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

fibre plant, and T. Clarence is manager
of this mill.

The Marshall Brothers prospered abun-
dantly, and in addition to their profitable
manufacturing interests became extensive
land owners, holding in joint possession
the old homestead farm of 200 acres, 160
acres surrounding the Yorklyn Mill, and
a farm of seventy-five acres at Wooddale,
each brother in addition having private
ownership in other tracts and interests
aside from their paper manufactory.
Israel W. Marshall, the elder of the
brothers, was associated with the Fibre
Specialty Company of Kennett Square ;
the White Clay Supply Company, of
Avondale, Pennsylvania; and in other
county enterprises that have added
wealth and prosperity to the localities in
which they are located. His residence,
a beautiful home, was located at York-
lyn, where he had other real estate hold-
ings, as well as a farm of 120 acres in
Delaware, adjoining the Yorklyn Mill
and farm.

The prosperity that came to Mr. Mar-
shall was fairly earned, his start in life
being taken under adverse circumstances,
but by his own ability he conquered and
found his way out of the early difficul-
ties that beset the business of the old
mill. He was a firm believer in the
"square deal," and so practiced this doc-
trine that he had the respect of his asso-
ciates in business and the men who were
his employees, while in his citizenship
there was no flaw. A birthright member
of the Society of Friends, he met all the
requirements of this strict sect, and in
charitable work he always bore his full
share of responsibility. He was a Repub-
lican in politics, and steadfastly refused
all offers of political preferment, only
consenting to act as school director, and
then only from a belief that he could be
of service to the community. He was a
member of the Masonic order, belonging

to Lafayette Lodge, No. 14, of Wilming-
ton, Delaware.

Mr. Marshall married, October 17, 1877,
Elizabeth C, daughter of Joseph and
Hannah M. (Cloud) Mitchell. Children:
I. Irwin, born September 20, 1880, died
in 1881. 2. J. Warren, born October 30,
1881 ; was educated in the public schools
of Kennett township, later at Yorklyn,
and graduated from the Friends' School,
located at Fourth and West streets, Wil-
mington, Delaware ; after leaving school
he entered the employ of Marshall
Brothers and mastered the art of paper
making, and on the organization of the
National Fibre & Insulation Company
was made president, a position he has
since filled. He is one of the board of
managers of the Fibre Specialty Com-
pany of Kennett Square. He is a mem-
ber of the Free and Accepted ^Masons
of Kennett Square, and of the Consistory
of Wilmington. He married, June 26,
1908, Bertha T. Lambert, born in Kansas
City, Missouri, educated at the Leland
Stanford University of California, daugh-
ter of the late Taylor and Sarah Lam-
born ; one child, Loraine, born June 7,
1912. 3. Anna H., born August 20, 1883 ;
educated at the Friends' School, Wil-
mington, and Swarthmore Preparatory
School; married, January 18, 1912, Nor-
man B. Alacill. 4. T. Clarence, born
August 5, 1885 ; was educated in the
Yorklyn public schools and Friends'
School, Wilmington, Delaware. Being of
a mechanical turn of mind and anxious to
enter his father's mill, he entered the em-
ploy of Marshall Brothers and was one
of the organizers of the National Fibre
& Insulation Company, also becoming
treasurer of Marshall Brothers Paper
Mills.

T. Elwood Marshall, younger of the
two sons of Thomas S. and Mary (Way)
Marshall, was born on the old homestead
in Kennett township, Chester county,
Pennsylvania, September 20, 1855. He

63/

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

attended the township schools in boy-
hood, later becoming a student at the
academy at Kennett Square, then under
the direction of Professor Swithin C.
Shortlidge, also attending Wilmington,
Delaware, schools, where he completed
his studies. He then became associated
with his father and brother, serving an
apprenticeship and thoroughly mastering
the art of paper manufacturing. The
brothers later became the proprietors of
the old homestead mill, and by their
energy and improved methods made it a
property of worth. A full history of his
business career is found in the paragraph
of his brother.

T. Elwood Marshall, by his energy,
ability, and his complete technical mas-
tery of the different processes involved
in the manufacture of paper, has been
an important factor in the success of Mar-
shall Brothers. He has won distinction
in his own particular field, not only as a
manufacturer, but as a man of upright
character and sterling integrity. He is
president of the Fibre Specialty Manu-
facturing Company, of Kennett Square;
a director of the Kennett National Bank ;
and is engaged in other enterprises of
perhaps lesser importance. He is a Re-
publican in politics, and for many years
served as school director in Kennett
township, his home. He is a member of
Kennett Lodge, No. 475, Free and Ac-
cepted Masons ; Kennett Chapter, No.
275, Royal Arch Masons ; St. John's Com-
mandery, Knights Templar, of Wilming-
ton ; Philadelphia Consistory, Sovereign
Princes of the Royal Secret, and has filled
the chairs of the blue lodge and chapter.

Mr. Marshall married, November 3,
1880, Ella S., daughter of John and Ann
(Brown) Good, the former a prominent
hardware merchant of Wilmington, Dela-
ware. Children: i. John A., born March
31, 1882; educated in the public schools
of Kennett Square and the Friends'
School, Wilmington, Delaware ; entered

business with his father and uncle ; sec-
retary and treasurer of the National Fibre
& Insulation Company; past master of
Kennett Lodge, No. 475, Free and Ac-
cepted Masons ; past high priest of Ken-
nett Chapter, No. 275, Royal Arch Ma-
sons ; one of the charter members of
Brandywine Commandery, Knights Tem-
plar, of West Chester, and captain-gen-
eral of his commandery. He married
Abigail, daughter of Sharpless Walter, j
and has one child, Thomas Elwood (2). |
2. Henry W., born January 21, 1884; edu-
cated in the public schools of Kennett
Square and the Friends' School, Wil-
mington, Delaware; manager of Marshall
Brothers Paper Mill ; a member of Ken-
nett Lodge, No. 475 ; Kennett Chapter,
No. 275 ; passed through the chairs of the
blue lodge and chapter, and a member of
Brandywine Commandery, of West Ches-
ter, and Philadelphia Consistory. He
married Lucy, daughter of Horace W.
Sinclair, of Birmingham, Pennsylvania ;
one daughter, Dorothy Frances. 3. Es-
tella, born January 8, 1892.

BAILEY, Leon Orlando,

Lawyer, Public Official.

Hon. Leon Orlando Bailey, former
First Assistant United States Attorney
for the District of Indiana, and at present
a resident of New York City and a leader
of the Bar of the Empire State, is a rep-
resentative of a family which for more
than a century has been settled in Penn-
sylvania and has given to the Common-
wealth many useful and honored citizens.
Air. Bailey, by his professional and politi-
cal record, both in Indiana and New
York, has added new lustre to an old and
distinguished name.

Richard Bailey, founder of the Amer-
ican branch of the family, came to New
England in the ship "Bevis," some time
during the colonial period of our history.
He was but fifteen years old when he

638

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

made the voyage, but must have had a
reputation for piety beyond his youth,
for when a storm arose the terrified pas-
sengers besought him to pray for them.
In his new home Richard married and
had a son Joseph.

Robert Bailey, a descendant of Richard
Bailey, the immigrant, lived in New Eng-
land, and married Asenath Lawrence,
who died in 1822. Five sons and five
daughters were born to them, and among
the sons was Rozel, mentioned below.

Rozel, son of Robert and Asenath
(Lawrence) Bailey, was born December
25, 1782, in New England, and about
1802, moved by the adventurous spirit in-
herited from his immigrant ancestor, he
migrated to Tioga county, Pennsylvania,
where he cleared and cultivated a farm
in the wilderness, making a home for
himself and his descendants. He married,
about 1805, Lucinda Clark, of Massachu-
setts, and their children were: Clark,
Robert, Roswell Wilson, Mary Ann,
Benjamin, Justus. Mrs. Bailey died De-
cember 3, 1822, and thereafter Mr. Bailey
married Julia Rockwell. The children of
this second marriage were: John W.,
mentioned below; Rockwell, George,
Julia, Ellen, Caroline. Rozel Bailey, the
father, died in 1840, as the result of an
accident, but before his death he had the
joy of welcoming his father and his
brothers and sisters to Pennsylvania,
which became thenceforth the abode of
this very numerous, able and honorable
family. For many years prior to his
death, Rozel Bailey had lived at Dartt, a
settlement in the southern part of Tioga
county, which he had been instrumental
in founding.

John W., son of Rozel and Julia
(Rockwell) Bailey, was born November
27, 1824, on his father's farm, in Charles-
ton township, Tioga county, Pennsyl-
vania, and for many years engaged in
agricultural pursuits. At the division of
his father's estate he recompensed the

other heirs for their interest in the land,
of which he thus became sole owner.
This ancestral possession he preserved
intact to the close of his life, and it is
now the property of his descendants.
About 1870 Mr. Bailey moved to Wells-
boro, becoming one of the leading busi-
ness men of that place. He was a di-
rector of the Pine Creek Railway Com-
pany, the United Glass Company, the
Stokesdale Tannery, and a number of
other enterprises in most of which he was
the leading spirit. In 1864, when the
First National Bank of Wellsboro was
organized, he became one of its directors
and served in that capacity to the close of
his life. He was one of the largest land-
owners in the county, and was greatly
beloved for his liberality in business en-
terprises and for his practical charities.
In politics he was an ardent Democrat,
never seeking office, but always giving
his best efforts for the success of the
party. The year of his death he was a
delegate to the National Convention in
Chicago which gave Grover Cleveland a
third nomination for President of the
United States. It is strong evidence of
the respect and confidence with which
Mr. Bailey was regarded in his home
town that in a community always thor-
oughly opposed to him in politics he was
repeatedly elected councilman and bur-
gess. He was a man of fine appearance,
with a countenance strongly expressive
of those sterling traits of character by
which he was distinguished.

Mr. Bailey married, in 1843, Margaret
Lewis, a native of Glamorganshire,
Wales, daughter of Thomas and Martha
(James) Lewis, and their children were :
Eva, Edward, Llewellyn, Lloj'd, Ada and
Ida (twins), Morton S., Associate Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court of Colorado ;
Leon Orlando, mentioned below ; Edith ;
Lee ; Frederick W., ex-Senator, and
prominently engaged in banking and in-
surance in Denver, Colorado ; Mildred,

639

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

wife of a well known publisher of Leip-
sic, Germany. John W. Bailey died
July 12, 1892, deeply and sincerely
mourned by all classes of the community.
He was one of whom it could be truly
said that in every relation of life he al-
ways sustained the character of a true
man.

Leon Orlando, son of John W. and
Margaret (Lewis) Bailey, was born June
21, 1857, in Wellsboro, Tioga county,
Pennsylvania, and was a student from
boyhood. At eighteen he was instructor
in languages and mathematics in the high
school of his native county, and at nine-
teen he entered Cornell University, class
of 1880. He began to read law in the
office of Hiscock, Gifford & Dohaney, of
Syracuse, New York, but shortly after
went to Indianapolis and studied with
the firm of which Thomas A. Hendricks
was a member, obtaining his degree of
LL.B from the Indiana Law School in
1880. In 1881 Mr. Bailey, in partnership
with William A. Van Buren, began prac-
tice in Indianapolis. The following year
the connection was dissolved, and Mr.
Bailey associated himself with Major
Jonathan W. Gordon, in his day one of
the most brilliant members of the In-
diana bar, and the partnership continued
until the death of Major Gordon. Sub-
sequently Mr. Bailey formed a partner-
ship with the Hon. John W. Kern, now
United States Senator from Indiana.
The firm of Kern & Bailey enjoyed a
large and lucrative practice. It was dis-
solved when Mr. Kern became city at-
torney of Indianapolis, since which time
Mr. Bailey has practiced alone. The
firm of Kern & Bailey was dissolved in
1900, and during the twelve years of its
existence Mr. Bailey occupied a leading
position at the Indianapolis Bar. Previ-
ous to that he had come into prominence
through learning, ability and devotion to
duty. Endowed by nature with all the
essential qualifications of a successful

lawyer, he rapidly advanced to the com-
manding position which for so many
years has been his, highly esteemed by
his professional brethren and possessing
the fullest confidence of the public at
large.

Like his father, Mr. Bailey is a staunch
Democrat, and his fellow-citizens have
not been slow to testify to the esteem in
which they hold him. From 1885 to 1889
he represented his party in the Indiana
State Senate, and his legal abilities were
recognized by his election to the office of
City Attorney of Indianapolis. When
Hon. Alonzo Greene Smith was elected
Attorney-General of Indiana, he selected
Mr. Bailey as First Assistant Attorney-
General, an office which he filled with
distinguished ability for four years. His
abilities received from President Cleve-
land merited recognition. During the
first term of the Cleveland administra-
tion, Mr. Bailey received the honor of the
appointment of First Assistant LTnited
States Attorney for the District of In-
diana, and for two years filled with the
utmost credit to himself this important
and responsible position. At the close of
his term, Mr. Bailey was nominated by
President Cleveland for the office of
United States Attorney, but was not con-
firmed because of the immediate succes-
sion of a Republican administration. The
place had been offered to Mr. Bailey
purely as a recognition by the adminis-
tration of his efficiency and the refusal
of the senate to confirm the nomination
was merely a partisan penalty for his
great eminence as a Democratic leader
and for his scathing rebukes of political
corruption.

For two 3^ears Mr. Bailey was Cor-
poration Counsel of the City of In-
dianapolis, and in 1898 was the nominee
of his party for Congress from the In-
dianapolis District. Shortly after, in con-
sequence of his engagement by impor-
tant corporate interests, he removed to

640

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

New York City, where he has since been
actively engaged in the practice of his
profession and is recognized as a distin-
guished member of the bar.

In the welfare of men known as "wage-
earners," Mr. Bailey has always taken a
profound interest, and has more than re-
deemed every pledge to ameliorate condi-
tions by the enactment of wholesome
laws. The measures which he introduced
and advocated while a member of the
State Senate stand emblazoned upon the
record as monuments of his devotion to
the welfare of the masses and his un-
swerving fidelity to Democratic princi-
ples. Widely but unostentatiously char-
itable, no good work done in the name of
philanthropy or religion appeals to him
in vain. Fraternally, he affiliates with
the Masonic order, and takes special in-
terest in the Benevolent and Protective
Order of Elks, under the auspices of
which he occasionally delivers an address
possessing the strength and polish of a
classic.

Eminent as a lawyer, Mr. Bailey is pre-
eminent as a statesman. Exceptionally
equipped for the bar, he is first, last and
always a political leader. When nomi-
nated by his party for Congress, the
vigor and brilliancy of his campaign at-
tracted wide attention and created
much enthusiasm throughout the State.
Though defeated, he succeeded in reduc-
ing the Republican majority by several
thousand votes. The splendid fight
which he then made gave him added
strength in the councils of the Demo-
cratic party. A man of striking presence,
his countenance bears the stamp of those
sterling qualities of manhood of the pos-
session of which his career has given evi-
dence and also shows him to be endowed
with the endearing personal traits which
win and hold friends. He is a judge of
men and of character, and in his attach-
ments is intensely loyal. Few men in

641

public life have had a more devoted fol-
lowing.

Mr. Bailey was first married, in 1878,
to Rosamond Paty Coggeshall, born in
1858, on the Island of Nantucket, daugh-
ter of William Boylston and Anne Maria
(Jenkins) Coggeshall, the former a de-
scendant of Sir John Coggeshall, one of
the founders of Newport, and promi-
nently identified with the history of
Rhode Island, while the latter numbered
among her ancestors and relatives Tris-
tram Coffin, Benjamin Franklin, Lucre-
tia Mott and Maria Mitchell. The "Cof-
fin School" of Nantucket, at which Mrs.
Bailey was educated, was founded in
1827 by Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin, being
established for the education of the de-
scendants of Tristram Coffin, and is still
an institution of high standing, open
without charge to all those of Coffin
lineage. Mrs. Bailey was a woman of
lovel}^ personality and rare gifts, being a
musician, singer and composer, a writer
of both poetry and prose, and possessing
a charm of character which appealed
alike to young and old and won for her
unusual regard and love. Mrs. Bailey
died in September, 1892, and Mr. Bailey
married (second) in September, 1901,
Gertrude May Stein, born in Albany,
New York. Before her marriage Miss
Stein was widely known as one of the
most celebrated contralto soloists in
America. Mr. and Mrs. Bailey are the
parents of three children : Elliott Gor-
don, born January 31, 1904; Caroline and
Margaret (twins), born December 18,
1905. Mr. Bailey is particularly happy in
his domestic relations, and is devoted to
his home and family. They occupy an
extensive place at Bronxville, a beautiful
residence section of New York City.

Although Mr. Bailey's career, both as
member of the bar and political leader,
has been in no way associated with hi^
native State, Pennsylvania claims her
son, demanding him as her own by right

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of birth and ancestry. The old Common-
wealth commands those who compile her
roll of honor to write upon it in no in-
conspicuous place the name of Leon Or-
lando Bailey.

PITCAIRN, Artemas,

Leader in Plate Glass Industry.

Prominent among the industries in
which Pittsburgh leads the world is that
of glass-making. This ancient industry,
although ranking among the most useful
arts of antiquity, has been known to
Pittsburgh for a little over a century
only. This, doubtless, was no fault of
the Pittsburgh known to the annals of
the latter part of the eighteenth century,
because the settlement at the forks of the
Ohio was not then prepared to manufac-
ture the transparent product, both for
want of material and lack of demand.
However, during the last decade of the
eighteenth century several glass factories
were established in western Pennsyl-
vania with varying degrees of success.
Whether Albert Gallatin's little plant at
the mouth of George's creek in Fayette
county, now New Geneva, antedated the
O'Hara venture on the Southside, Pitts-
burgh, is clouded with conflicting testi-
mony by the advocates of each. In
the "Centennial History of Allegheny
county," published in 1888 on the dedi-
cation of the New Court House, the au-
thors make this statement : "The first
glass-works were established by General
James O'Hara and Major Isaac Craig in
1797, located on the Southside, at the
base of Coal Hill, directly opposite the
Point, on the junction of the two rivers,
on land purchased from Ephraim Jones
and Ephraim Blaine. The second glass-
works were erected by Beelen & Denny
in 1800, on the Northside, opposite the
head of Aliquippa Island (Brunot's),
which gave the name to Glass-house
Riffle." Whether Gallatin or O'Hara was

first to engage in the local glass business,
the fact remains that the industry has
grown until today Pittsburgh is the cen-
tre of the glass industry in the United
States. A leader among the men who
made it so was the late Artemas Pitcairn,
for many years prominently associated
with and one of the founders of the fa-
mous Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company.
Mr. Pitcairn was for a long period a resi-
dent of the Iron City and was intimately
connected with her leading interests.

Artemas Pitcairn was born June 13,
1848, at Guilford, Columbiana county,
Ohio, a son of Robert and Jean (Edwards)
Pitcairn, youngest of eleven children and
the youngest of t'ne three sons, the other
sons being Alexander and Edward.
While the boy was still a young child his
parents moved to Pittsburgh, and it was
in public and private schools of that city
that he received his education. In the
early seventies he went to Oil City as
general agent of the Lfnited Pipe Line
Company and registrar of the National
Transit Company. He remained there
for a number of years, gaining experience
and developing that rare if not distinc-
tive business ability by which in later
life he acquired such well earned cele-
brity.

Mr. Pitcairn, in association with his
cousin, John Pitcairn, founded the Pitts-
burgh Plate Glass Company. They took
in with them the late Captain John B.
Ford, who was a practical glass manu-
facturer of prominence, and who was at
that time in the glass manufacturing
business at New Albany, Indiana. They
established at diflferent points glass man-
ufacturing plants, and in order to facili-
tate this large work formed a construc-
tion company composed of Artemas Pit-
cairn, John Pitcairn and Capt. John B.
Ford, which was called the J. B. Ford
Company. The largest plant was estab-
lished at Ford City, this site being se-
lected by Artemas Pitcairn. This com-

642

vf^.aat -■ ^Srr yW

\J r^Ll-Ul A. Kf " 'W-(- ^l L

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

pany enjoys the distinction of being the
largest concern of its kind not only in
this country, but in the world. It oper-
ates ten factories located respectively at
Ford City, Creighton, Charleroi, Elwood,
Tarentum and Walton, in Pennsylvania;
one at Kokomo, Indiana; and one at
Crystal City, Missouri. It has jobbing
houses and offices in all the large cities
of the United States, the chief offices be-
ing located in Pittsburgh. In the years
of its existence it has easily distanced all
rivals in its line of business, and it is now
almost entirely without a competitor
worthy the name. For a time after the
organization of the Pittsburgh Plate
Glass Company, Mr. Pitcairn had his
headquarters at Tarentum, Pennsylvania.
In associating himself with this great in-
dustry, Mr. Pitcairn entered the field in
which he was destined to achieve sub-
stantial success and permanent distinc-
tion. Born to command, wise to plan,
he was quick in action and capable of
prolonged labor, with the power of close
concentration. To a man of his stamp
work was happiness, and he had the
habit, while investigating thoroughly
every detail of a policy, of secluding him-
self from interruption. When satisfied,
he decided quickly, making few mistakes
in judgment, and possessing the courage
of his convictions. To his associates Mr.
Pitcairn showed a genial, humorous side
of his nature which made their relations
most enjoyable, and never did this up-
right and fair-minded man fall into the
grave error of regarding his employees
merely as parts of a great machine. On
the contrary, he recognized their indi-
viduality, making it a rule that faithful
and efficient service should be promptly
rewarded with' promotion as opportunity
offered. In the councils of promoters of
the glass industry his suggestions and
advice were always sought, and he al-
lowed none of the many interests in-
trusted to his care to sulifer for want of

close and able attention and industry.
Through his connection with the plate
glass manufacture he became one of the
best known men in the United States.

A man of action rather than words,
Mr. Pitcairn demonstrated his public
spirit by actual achievements which ad-
vanced the prosperity and wealth of the
community, and in all concerns relative
to the city's welfare he ever manifested a
deep and sincere interest, never with-
holding substantial assistance when, in
his opinion, it would further public
progress. A Republican in politics, he
could never be persuaded to accept office,
but was, nevertheless, somewhat active
in the affairs of the organization, con-
stantly giving loyal support to measures
calculated to benefit the city and pro-
mote its rapid and substantial develop-
ment. No good work done in the name
of charity or religion sought his co-opera-
tion in vain, and in his work of this char-
acter he brought to bear the same dis-
crimination and thoroughness that were
manifest in his business life. He was a
member of the Swedenborgian church.
Of strong mental endowments, Mr. Pit-
cairn possessed exceptional capacity for
judging the motives and merits of men
and for co-ordinating their energies with
skill and efficiency. Of deep convictions
and great force, executiveness and will
power, concentration, fidelity and
tenacity were strongly depicted in his
countenance and his manner was one of
unassuming dignity and sincere cor-
diality. He was, indeed, a splendid type
of the American citizen whose interests
are broad and whose labors are a mani-
festation of a recognition of the responsi-
bilities of wealth as well as of ability in
the successful control of commercial af-
fairs.

Mr. Pitcairn married, October 6, 1870.
Mary Alice, daughter of George W. and
Matilda (Glover) Cougher. Children of
Mr. and Mrs. Pitcairn : Janet, deceased ;

643

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Robert, John, Arthur, Caroline, Jean and
Fanny. By his marriage, Mr. Pitcairn
gained the life companionship of a
charming and congenial woman, one fit-
ted by native refinement, a bright mind
and thorough education, for the duties of
her position as a potent factor in Pitts-
burgh society. Mr. Pitcairn was a man
of domestic tastes, finding his highest
happiness at his own fireside, where he
delighted to gather his friends about him,
and all who were ever privileged to be
his guests could bear testimony to the
fact that he was an incomparable host.

On April 9, 1905, in the prime of life
and in the full maturity of his powers,
Mr. Pitcairn passed away, his death re-
moving from Pittsburgh a man who had
long been looked upon as one of the
sterling citizens of the metropolis — one
who, in every relation of life, had pre-
sented to the community the example of
an upright, honorable man and who had
advocated progressive interests with a
ready recognition of his duties and obli-
gations to his fellow-men.

During his long career Mr. Pitcairn
witnessed the manifold changes which
facilitated the progress of the industry
with which he was for so many years
prominently identified, and to many of
the most important of these innovations
he himself, both by means and influence,
largely and forcefully contributed. The
name of this stalwart, aggressive, far-
sighted and clear-headed manufacturer is
inscribed in enduring characters and as
if traced by a diamond upon the annals of
the plate glass industry of the United
States.

HENRY, Philip Walter,
Railway Official, Consulting Engineer.

Philip Walter Henry, of New York
City, president of the Central Railroad
of Haiti, and a consulting engineer of in-
ternational reputation, is a representa-

tive of an ancient colonial family, mem-
bers of which attained distinction during
two of the most momentous periods of
our history — that of the struggle for in-
dependence and the war for the preser-
vation of the Union.

The race of the Henrys is of Scottish
origin, and was planted in America by
Robert Henry, who with his wife, Mary
A. Henry, emigrated in 1722 to the col-
onies, settling presumably in the prov-
ince of Pennsylvania. With them came
their sons, John, Robert and James. John
married Elizabeth, daughter of Hugh and
Mary (Jenkins) de Vinney, of Chester
county, and died in 1744, his wife sur-
viving until 1778.

William Henry, born May 19, 1729, in
Chester county, was presumably a son
of John and Elizabeth (de Vinney)
Henry, and is a conspicuous figure in
the annals of his day and generation. His
occupation was that of a gunsmith, and
he possessed original constructive genius,
being well known as an inventor. He re-
moved to Lancaster, where during the
years immediately preceding the Revolu-
tionary War he came into prominence as
a leader of the patriot party. He was
chosen a member of the Continental Con-
gress, and his counsel had weight in the
deliberation of that august body.
Throughout the struggle for independ-
ence he rendered distinguished services
to the cause. Their record forms part
of the history of his native State, and for
more than a century his name has been
one of those which she holds in the high-
est honor.

One of his sons, born at Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, March 12, 1757, known as
William Henry, of Nazareth, moved to
Northampton county in 1778, where he
engaged in the manufacture of fire-arms,
a business which he greatly extended
and which was carried on by his de-
scendants up to the closing years of the
nineteenth century. In 1778 he was ap-

644

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

pointed justice of the peace and judge of
the courts of Common Pleas and Quar-
ter Sessions of the county. In 1792 he
was a presidential elector, and voted for
Washington for his second term for
President.

One of his sons, known as William
Henry of Wyoming (1794-1878), the
grandfather of Philip Walter Henry, was
a pioneer in the development of the min-
eral resources of the Lackawanna Val-
ley, and in company with the Scrantons
erected the first blast furnace at Scran-
ton. By his first wife, Mary B. (Al-
bright) Henry, he had four sons, Reuben
A., Eugene Thomas, William and John
Joseph, also two daughters, Ellen
Clarissa, who married Selden T. Scran-
ton, and Jane Ann, who married Charles
Scranton. Reuben A. Henry was for
many years identified with the coal and
railroad enterprises centering in Scran-
ton, Pennsylvania, latterly as auditor of
the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com-
pany, living at Jersey City, where he
died in 1910, at the age of ninety-two
years. William Henry entered the Civil
War, May 31, 1861, as adjutant of the
1st Regiment, New Jersey Volunteers.
He was commissioned major August 12,
1862, and lieutenant-colonel November
29, 1862. After the war he settled for a
time in Cairo, Illinois, and later in Fort
Worth, Texas, where he died in 1889.
John Joseph Henry entered the Civil
War as captain in the Ninth Regiment,
New Jersey Volunteers. He was the first
New Jersey officer killed in the Civil
War, meeting death in his first battle,
Roanoke Island, February, 1862. He was
buried at Belvidere, New Jersey, where
a Grand Army Post is named in his
honor.

Eugene Thomas Henry, father of the
subject of this sketch, was born near Bel-
fast, Northampton county, Pennsyl-
vania, November 14, 1826. As a young
man he went to Scranton, Pennsylvania,

where he entered the Scranton Rolling
Mills (later Lackawanna Iron & Coal
Company) and of which he became su-
perintendent. In 1865, in company with
his brother-in-law, Selden T. Scranton,
he moved to Oxford, New Jersey, where
they purchased the existing mines and
blast furnace, added another blast fur-
nace, a rolling mill and nail factory, and
engaged extensively in the manufacture
of cut nails under the name of the Oxford
Iron Company, of which Mr. Henry was
general manager. Owing to poor health
he retired from business in 1877, and died
at Oxford, October 2, 1883. On January
7, 1862, he was married to Emma Eliza-
beth Walter, born at Nazareth, Pennsyl-
vania, January 5, 1842, daughter of Dr.
Philip Walter (1799-1865) and Rachel B.
(Sellers) Walter (1804-1896), the former
a physician of Nazareth. The following
children were born to Mr. and Mrs.
Henry: i. William, born at Scranton,
Pennsylvania, October 29, 1862; was
from 1886 to 1903 connected with The
Barber Asphalt Paving Company of New
York City, most of the time as superin-
tendent in various cities, among which
were Newark, New Jersey, and Long
Branch, New Jersey, New York, Albany,
Utica, Rochester, and other cities in New
York State, and for eight years in Buenos
Aires, where in 1896 he had charge of
laying the first asphalt pavements in that
city. In 1886 he was in Berlin and Paris
with the company when it laid experi-
mentally the first asphalt pavements
(American System) in Europe. In 1903
he became general manager of the Com-
pania Sutphen de Lavaderos de Oro of
Buenos Aires, which was beginning the
development of dredging for gold in
Terra del Fuego. He had been engaged
in this work only six months, when he
was accidentally drowned in the Straits
of Magellan, off Punta Arenas, Chile,
May 22, 1904. His bodj- was brought to
Belvidere, New Jersey, for interment. In

645

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

May, 1903, he was married in Rochester,
New York, to Wera Ress, born in Riga,
Russia, by whom he had one daughter,
Georgine Wilhemina Henry, born March
3, 1904, at Munich, Bavaria. This daugh-
ter is now (1914) living with her mother
in Hamburg, Germany. 2. Philip Wal-
ter, of whom further. 3. Ellen Clarissa,
born at Oxford, New Jersey, August 28,
1868, died February 20, 1889. 4. George
Scranton, born at Oxford, October 8,
1870; he was also connected for many
years with The Barber Asphalt Paving
Company, latterly in charge of its opera-
tions in South America. From 1896 to
1904 he was in South America, with head-
quarters at Buenos Aires, where he died
Maj' 15, 1904. During the last year of
his life he spent a large part of his time
on company business in Rio de Janeiro
and Santiago de Chile. His body was
also brought to Belvidere for burial. 5.
Joseph Albright, born at Oxford, Decem-
ber 7, 1872; he was graduated in 1893 at
Princeton University as Bachelor of Arts.
He then spent two years at the Univer-
sity of Leipzig studying modern lan-
guages, took up teaching and died at
Harrison, New Jerse}^ May 2, 1904. 6.
Eugenia May, born at Oxford, May i,
1880; she was graduated at Smith Col-
lege, Northampton, Massachusetts, in
1904, then took a course of two years at
the State Library School at Albany, New
York ; then for one year was assistant
librarian, Clark University, Worcester,
Massachusetts. In 1907 she became li-
brarian of the Public Library, Attleboro,
Massachusetts, where she is now living
with her mother.

Philip Walter Henry, the subject of
this sketch, received his preparatory edu-
cation in the public schools of Oxford,
New Jersey. In 1883 he entered the
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and in
1887 graduated with the degree of Civil
Engineer. Before entering the Institute
he had received some preparatory train-

ing, having served from 1880 to 1883 in
the engineering corps of the Delaware,
Lackawanna & Western Railroad, mak-
ing surveys and constructing lines be-
tween Binghamton and Buffalo, New
York. In 1887 he became foreman of
the Barber Asphalt Paving Company in
the latter city; in 1888, assistant su-
perintendent ; in 1889, superintendent,
Omaha, Nebraska ; in 1892, superintend-
ent. New York City ; 1894, assistant to
the president; in 1897, general manager;
and in 1900, vice-president and general
manager. In 1902 he resigned from the
Barber Asphalt Paving Company and be-
came vice-president of the Medina
Quarry Company, which had just com-
bined most of the Medina sand stone
quarries located in Orleans county, New
York. In 1904 he resigned in order to
engage in the practice of his profession
in New York as consulting engineer, be-
coming identified with various enter-
prises in Latin-American countries.

From 1906 to 1909 Mr. Henry was presi-
dent of the South American Construction
Company, which built the railroad in Bo-
livia from Viacha to Oruro, one hundred
and twenty-five miles in length. From
1905 to 1909 he was vice-president of the
Pan-American Company, which con-
trolled eighty thousand acres of oil leases
in the state of Vera Cruz, one hundred
miles south of Tampico, Mexico, which
has since developed the greatest oil wells
in the world. During the same period he
was vice-president of the A. L. Barber
Asphalt Company which purchased from
the Venezuelan government the asphalt
from the celebrated Bermudez deposit,
bringing it to New York, subjecting it
to a refining process and selling it
throughout the United States and Can-
ada. In 1909 he succeeded to his present
position, that of president of the Central
Railroad of Haiti, which has built the re-
inforced concrete pier at Port-au-Prince
and is now operating it under a fifty-year

646

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

concession. The company also owns and
operates the electric light plants at Port-
au-Prince and Cap Haitien, as well as the
tramways in Port-au-Prince and the
steam railroad running out of Port-au-
Prince for a distance of fifty-five miles.
Since 191 1 he has been vice-president of
the Eddy-Peruvian Company, which has
been employed by the Peruvian govern-
ment to make a railroad survey 200 miles
in length which passes from Huancayo to
Ayacucho.

Since 191 1 Mr. Henry has done con-
siderable professional work for the South-
ern Pacific Company, more particularly
with reference to the proper development
of its oil and natural gas properties in
Texas, California and Mexico, and which
he has visited from time to time. Mr.
Henry has also examined and reported
upon, for various parties, oil properties
in Colorado and Wyoming, a coal mine in
Wyoming, a railroad in Georgia, natural
gas properties in West Virginia and vari-
ous utility corporations. In 1893 he
made surveys for the pier and tramway
for shipping asphalt from the celebrated
Pitch Lake, on the Island of Trinidad,
British West Indies. In 1894 he made
the only boring ever made in the Pitch
Lake, going to a depth of one hundred
and thirty-five feet in the center with-
out reaching bottom. In 1910 he made
for some American contractors a railroad
reconnaissance in Spain, seven hundred
miles in length, extending from Bilbao
to Madrid and thence to Valencia. In
1908 Mr. Henry was appointed by Gov-
ernor Hughes of New York to represent
the Empire State at the first Interna-
tional Road Congress, held at the call of
the French government in Paris, France.
Before that body he read a paper on "The
Future Road" which attracted wide-
spread attention and elicited much favor-
able comment.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good

government and civic virtue, Mr. Henry
stands in the front rank. His political
affiliations are with the Republicans, and
never has he withheld the support of his
influence and means from measures which
he deemed calculated to promote the pub-
lic welfare. No good work done in the
name of charity or religion seeks his co-
operation in vain but his philanthropy
is of the kind that shuns publicity. He is
a member of the Madison Avenue Pres-
byterian Church.

Notwithstanding the engrossing nature
of the duties involved in the successful
conduct of his various enterprises the pen
of Mr. Henry has not been idle. In De-
cember, 1907, he published an article in
the "North American Review" entitled
"Has the United States Repudiated In-
ternational Arbitration?" and from time
to time he has contributed essaj's on
technical subjects to various publications.
He is a trustee of the Rensselaer Polj'-
technic Institute of Troy, New York, a
member of the American Society of Civil
Engineers, the American Institute of
Mining Engineers, the American Institute
of Consulting Engineers, the Sons of the
Revolution, the Century Association, and
the Union League, University, Engineers'
and Railroad Clubs of New York, also
the Sleepy Hollow Country Club.

Mr. Henry married, Januarj' 22, 1906,
in Chicago, Illinois, Clover, born March
15, 1874. at Quincy, Illinois, daughter of
Charles Epperson and Narcissa (Woods)
Cox. and two children have been born to
them : Clover Eugenia, born October 25,
1907, in New York City; and Elizabeth
Ann, born December 6, 1910, who died
at the age of four months.

The story of Mr. Henry's professional
career is a story of a quarter of a century
of achievement. The work in which he
is engaged is of unsurpassable impor-
tance. It is essential to the interests of
civilization.

647

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

FRANTZ, Theodore P.,

Prominent Business Man.

Among the pioneer business men of
Lebanon who established industries in
this city more than half a century ago,
Theodore P. Frantz stands in the front
rank, the furniture business which he
founded in 1847 ^"d which is now con-
ducted by his son, being one of the oldest
established and most successful concerns
in this locality. Mr. Frantz is now re-
tired, being eighty-six years of age and
having given up active participation in
mercantile life some years ago, though
he is still hale and hearty, and a well-
known figure in public. Lebanon, at the
time of his first venture in the cabinet
trade, was indeed a very different place
from the city of today ; and his memory
may recall with interest and pride the
simple ways and slender population of
the little village that was destined to be-
come in the days of his children and his
childrens' children the flourishing metrop-
olis and center of the iron and lumber
trade that it is at the present time.

Mr. Frantz is one of the oldest repre-
sentatives of one of the oldest families
of Lebanon county. He is the son of
Daniel and Elizabeth Greenawalt Frantz,
and grandson of Daniel and Maria
Frantz. His father was born in Berks
county, August 18, 1792, dying in Leb-
anon, December 12, 1839, the family be-
ing at that time resident in Reading,
Pennsylvania. When he came to Leb-
anon, Daniel Frantz was but a young
man; but he went to work with a will,
engaging in the mercantile business, and
soon became well known in the local
trade centers. On November 8, 1821, he
married Elizabeth Greenawalt, who was
born in Lebanon, in 1795, and died Au-
gust 4, 1856, daughter of Captain John
Philip Greenawalt, a native of Lebanon
county, which was then a part of Lan-
caster. Her father was a man possessed

of many noble qualities, and one of the
chief farmers in the locality in which he
passed life. His title of captain was ac-
quired during the Revolutionary War, in
which he served with distinction. His
father, Philip Lawrence Greenawalt, a
native of Germany, who came to this
country early in the eighteenth century
and settled in Lancaster county, was also
an officer of the same war, receiving his
commission of colonel on July i, 1776,
and being placed in command of the
First Battalion of Militia of Lancaster
county. Beside giving his personal serv-
ices to the government he extended a
large sum of money in providing for the
equipment of the troops ; which amount,
in excess of $35,000, was never fully re-
imbursed because of the comparative
worthlessness of the currency of that
period. Some of this Continental money,
as well as a copy of Colonel Greenawalt's
commission from the "Supreme Execu-
tive Council of the Commonality of
Pennsylvania," is in the possession of
Mr. Frantz, and is highly prized by him
as a memento of those historic days.

Captain John Philip Greenawalt mar-
ried Catherine Shaff'ner, who was born
in Lebanon, her father being the keeper
of the Buck House, which was for many
years a landmark in the city, standing
opposite the court house, now the Central
Hotel, at the corner of Eighth and Cum-
berland streets. It was here that, when
a child, Catherine Shaffner offered re-
freshing drink to General Washington,
who, weary and travel worn, had paused
to water his horse at the drinking trough.
In gracious acknowledgment of the child-
ish courtesy, the general left her as a
keepsake one of the cockades from his
hat. Beside Theodore Philip, Mr. and
Mrs. Daniel Frantz had the following
children, all born at Lebanon : Uriah
and Catherine Elizabeth, both deceased
for many years ; Lydia C, Daniel, Ed-
mond, and Charles S. Frantz. The last

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

mentioned fought during the Civil War,
under Captain Greenawalt, having en-
listed in 1862 in Company E, 127th Regi-
ment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry.
He was present in a number of engage-
ments, including the battles of Fred-
ericksburg and Chancellorsville.

Theodore Philip Frantz, second son of
Daniel and Elizabeth (Greenawalt)
Frantz, was born February 25, 1828, at
the old family residence in Lebanon,
where he spent the early years of his life.
He was given an excellent education in
the public schools of his native city, and
at the age of sixteen was sent to Phila-
delphia to learn the trade of cabinetmak-
ing. In 1847 hs returned to Lebanon,
having acquired a thorough knowledge of
cabinet work, and established himself in
business on his own account. He contin-
ued prosperously until the outbreak of
the Civil War, when he entered the serv-
ice of the country as a member of the
construction corps of the Union army,
and remained for fifteen months in this
capacity, building bridges in Virginia,
Tennessee, and other Southern States.
After this he joined Captain Ulrich's
company of Emergency Troops, and did
good service during the remainder of his
connection with the army.

At the close of the war he returned to
Lebanon and resumed his business of
cabinetmaking. opening also a fvirniture
warehouse. The establishment became
well known, and the business has contin-
ued to prosper from that time to the pres-
ent day, being now one of the best
equipped furniture emporiums between
Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. When with
the burden of advancing years Mr.
Frantz felt that the cares of business
were too heavy for his shoulders, the re-
sponsibility of continuing the work fell
upon his son, Daniel A. Frantz, who has
for the past quarter of a century or more
conducted the enterprise with the 5ame
success and keen commercial instinct

that have always characterized his fa-
ther. Lender his able management the
establishment grew rapidly until its pres-
ent proportions have been attained ; story
after story has been added to the build-
ing, a basement introduced, and the ad-
joining store annexed ; so that the floor
room now occupied is said to be greater
than that of any furniture store between
Philadelphia and Chicago. There is now
also an extensive undertaking establish-
ment maintained in connection with the
original enterprise. The success of Mr.
Daniel Frantz has placed him in the front
rank of Lebanon's merchants, prominent
alike in social and commercial life, and
rendered him a son of whom his father
may well be proud.

Mr. Theodore P. Frantz has always
been one of the most public-spirited and
enterprising citizens of Lebanon, taking
a keen and active interest in the fire de-
partment of the city, in which he has per-
sonally rendered distinguished service,
and is now the oldest active fireman in
the State of Pennsylvania. The Perse-
verance Fire Company of Lebanon, to
which he belongs, was organized in 1848,
and he is the last survivor of those who
took part in its organization. He has
been prominent in its history from the
beginning, being appointed its first
treasurer, served as chief for one year,
and becoming president and vice-presi-
dent ; and he has at various times repre-
sented the company as its delegate to
Firemen's State Conventions. Mr.
Frantz also claims the distinction of be-
eing the oldest member of the Masonic
lodge in Lebanon. He became a Mason
in the year 1849, ^^'^ "c>w belongs to the
blue lodge, chapter, council, commandery
and Mystic Shrine, in all of which bodies
he has been very active. For twenty-
three years he served as tyler in the vari-
ous lodges ; he has attended many State
conclaves and the national conclaves held
at Baltimore, Washington, Denver, Bos-

649

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ton and California. Mr. Frantz is also a
member of the Sons of America. In his
political opinions he is a Democrat, but
has never been very active in party af-
fairs, contenting himself with voting for
the man who in his estimation would
best represent the interests of the people.
For many years he has been a trustee of
the Lebanon Cemetery Association, and
has been an elder and trustee for many
years of St. John's Reformed Church.

On October lo, 1848, he was united in
marriage with Miss Susan C. Gutelius,
who was born in Lebanon, November 4,
1828, daughter of John P. Gutelius, a na-
tive of Lancaster county. Mr. Gutelius
was a hatter by trade, and conducted his
business for a number of years in Leb-
anon, after which he removed to Bluf?-
ton, Indiana, where he subsequently died.
He had been for some time prior to his
death a widower, his wife, who was a
Miss Mariah Arndt, of Lebanon, having
died before his removal to the west. Be-
side Mrs. Frantz, he had an'other daugh-
ter. Miss Margaret Gutelius.

Mr. and Mrs. Theodore P. Frantz were
the parents of ten children, as follows:
Catherine E., deceased ; John G., de-
ceased; Gertrude; Maria; Daniel A.;
Lily, deceased ; William T., who is in the
furnishing business in Lebanon ; Jacob
Arndt, a salesman in Lebanon; Charles,
who is engaged in the men's furnishing
business in the same city ; and Edwin,
who is also a salesman. Of the eldest
living son, Daniel A. Frantz, there has
already been mention as the successor in
his father's business, which he has
greatly enlarged and improved since the
year 1878, when a leading share of the
responsibility of conducting it fell upon
his shoulders. He was at that time a
young man of only twenty-two years of
age, but had passed much of his time in
association with his father in business,
and had received an excellent education,
of which he made good and practical use.

He married Grace Eliza Strasser, daugh-
ter of Rev. Frederick Strasser, a pastor
of the Reformed church in Ohio, and sev-
eral children have been the result of this
union. He and his family are members
of the Reformed church, in which they
take an active and leading interest, both
sides of the family having thus been con-
nected with that denomination for gen-
erations.

It is thus an added gratification to The-
odore P. Frantz in his declining years to
see his children and grandchildren fol-
lowing in the same honorable and up-
right walks of life, in both religious and
secular ways, that he himself has pur-
sued during his long and useful career. It
has been his proud privilege to give to the
community which he has so ably served
five strong sons to carry on the good
work, and sustain the reputation which
he has so well established for a wise and
public spirited interest in the city's pro-
gress and welfare.

McCAGUE, George E.,

steel and Traffic Official.

The world-embracing activities of
Pittsburgh have been made possible by
her railroads. These, radiating to every
point of the compass, transport her
products and thus spread her fame as
the Wonder City of modern times. The
men who control these mighty agencies
are the fundamental creators of her
greatness and have for the most part
proved themselves nobly equal to their
stupendous task — no one of them more
conspicuously so tha^ George E. Mc-
Cague, for a number of years Traffic
Manager of the Carnegie Steel Company,
and officially identified with means of
transportation both by sea and land.

George E. McCague was born Novem-
ber 16, 1857, in Lawrence county, Penn-
sylvania, and is a son of Robert and Jane
(Harshe) McCague. In his early child-

650

, €^.^..«r^.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

hood his parents moved to Pittsburgh,
and it was in the schools of that city that
the boy received his education. On leav-
ing school he was attracted by railroad
life, and accordingly entered the service
of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company,
where his aptitude, industry and fidelity
to duty won for him rapid promotion.
After holding several positions of impor-
tance, he resigned in 1884, becoming gen-
eral agent of the Lake Shore & Michigan
Southern Railway, with headquarters in
Pittsburgh. While filling this position
he came into prominence in the railroad
world, and it was quickly perceived by
the officers of the Carnegie Steel Com-
pany that his services would be invalua-
ble. In 1890 they were struggling
with vast transportation difficulties, and
turned to Mr. McCague as the man most
competent to extricate them. He was
appointed general freight agent of the
Carnegie Steel Company, and under his
supervision the enormous traffic was han-
dled without friction.

In 1895 Mr. McCague was made gen-
eral manager of the Union Railroad and
one of the board of directors ; in 1897 he
became director of the Conneaut Dock
Company; and in 1901 a director of the
Bessemer Railroad. He also held the
offices of chairman of the Traffic Man-
agers' Association of the Linited States
Steel Corporation, and traffic manager of
the Union Railroad. He was one of the
forty young partners of Andrew Car-
negie, and the fourth to leave the Steel
Company, the others being A. R. Pea-
cock, Lawrence C. Phipps and Thomas
Morrison.

During the period in which Mr. Mc-
Cague had full charge of the transpor-
tation of the vast tonnage of raw ma-
terial and finished product of the Car-
negie Steel Company, the smoothness
and facility with which he handled it
made him conspicuous among the trans-
portation interests of the entire country.

One instance, in particular, is worthy of
note. At the beginning of this century,
when the American invasion of European
markets was at its height, the steel mas-
ters of Great Britain were astounded by
the news that four steamers laden with
Carnegie steel had arrived in England
direct from Conneaut harbor. The Lon-
don papers and even the government offi-
cials were slow to believe in the possi-
bility of an all-water route from an in-
terior American city, and the press of
both continents echoed the name of the
company which pioneered this feat — un-
der direction of one of Andrew Car-
negie's young partners. On January i,
1904, Mr. McCague resigned in order to
obtain rest and devote his time and at-
tention to a variety of other interests.
He is now a director of the Philadelphia
Company, the Pittsburgh Railways Com-
pany, and quite a number of other cor-
porations.

As a citizen with exalted ideas of good
government and civic virtue, Mr. Mc-
Cague stands in the front rank, and,
while he has never consented to hold
office, has been somewhat active in po-
litical circles, ever giving loyal support
to measures calculated to benefit the city
and promote its rapid and substantial de-
velopment. No good work done in the
name of charity or religion seeks his co-
operation in vain, and in his work of this
character he brings to bear the same dis-
crimination and thoroughness that are
manifest in his business life. His politi-
cal affiliations are with the Republicans.
He is a member of the Pennsylvania So-
ciety of New York, the Pittsburgh
Archaeological Society and the Art So-
ciety of Pittsburgh, and belongs to the
Duquesne Club and the Allegheny, Edge-
worth and Oakmont Country clubs.

The personality of Mr. McCague is
that of a man of deep convictions and
great strength of character. Energy and
intensity are strikingly depicted in his

651

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

countenance, as are executiveness, will-
power and tenacity of purpose. Gentle
and courteous, yet firm and courageous,
he is particularly fitted for affairs re-
quiring administrative ability. A man of
valiant fidelity, he fulfils to the letter
every trust committed to him, and his re-
lation with his associates and subordi-
nates are governed by the highest sense
of honor and the truest benevolence and
kindliness. His aspect and manner are
those of quiet dignity and winning
geniality. Mr. McCague was a member
of the board of inspectors of the Western
Penitentiary for two years, and during
his term land was purchased and building
operations begun on the new penitentiary
in Centre county, Pennsylvania. He was
appointed chairman of the committee to
organize and solicit subscriptions for the
construction of a hospital for the Se-
wickley Valley district. On completion
of the hospital he was elected president
and chairman of its executive committee,
and after serving for six years he retired,
in the spring of 1913.

Mr. McCague married, March 30, 1887,
Georgie Marie, daughter of James H. and
Mary (Hubbell) Smith, and they are the
parents of three children: Alice Marie,
Anna Dake, and Robert Harshe. Mrs.
McCague, a woman of rare wifely quali-
ties and admirably fitted by her excel-
lent practical mind to be a helpmate to
her husband in his aspirations and ambi-
tions, is a most accomplished home-
maker. Mr. McCague is devoted to the
ties of family and friendship, regarding
them as sacred obligations. His happiest
hours are passed in the home circle, and
the beautiful family residence in Sewick-
ley is a centre of hospitality. Mrs. Mc-
Cague is a member of the Women's Club
of Sewickley.

The present age demands results — re-
sults which have a tangible effect on the
life of communities and of nations. Re-

sults of this kind are obtained by men o^
the type of George E. McCague.

GUTHRIE, George W.,

Lawyer, Public Official, Diplomat.

George W. Guthrie, recently ap-
pointed Ambassador to Japan, ex-Mayor
of Pittsburgh, a leader of the Pittsburgh
bar, and a power in the political life of
Western Pennsylvania, is descended
through both his parents from ancestors
of that forceful and valiant Scotch and
Scotch-Irish stock which contributed so
largely to the upbuilding of the Keystone
State and the prestige of the Iron City.
Both the father and the maternal grand-
father of George W. Guthrie served with
honor as chief executive of Pittsburgh,
and both were descendants of men who
won laurels on the battlefields of the
Revolution. John Guthrie, a great-
grandfather of George W. Guthrie, was
the first of the family to settle in Penn-
sylvania, and during the struggle for in-
dependence served as an officer in the
Continental army.

James V. Guthrie, son of John Guthrie,
was a boat-builder, and in the early part
of the last century made his home in
Pittsburgh. He married Martha, daugh-
ter of John Brandon, a captain in the
Revolutionary army, and afterward sher-
iff of Westmoreland county, Pennsyl-
vania.

John B. Guthrie, son of James V. and
Alartha (Brandon) Guthrie, was born
July 26, 1807, in Armstrong county,
Pennsylvania, and was a youth when the
family removed to Pittsburgh. He be-
came in course of time one of the most
prominent and influential residents of his
adopted city, filling offices of trust and
honor, including the mayoralty, in which
he served two terms. He was a member
of the Constitutional Convention of
1872-73. Mr. Guthrie married Catherine
S., daughter of Magnus M. Murray, and

652

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--=> L^

'a

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

granddaughter of Commodore Alexander
Murray, of Revolutionary fame, whose
ancestors came from Scotland to the
American colonies in 1715 — whether or
not in consequence of the political agita-
tions of the period history does not say.
Magnus M. Murray came to Pittsburgh
in 1807, and was a lawyer of prominence ;
also, a business man of progressive
ideas, being one of the promoters of the
first rolling mills built in Western Penn-
sylvania. He served with distinction as
mayor of Pittsburgh. John B. Guthrie
died July, 1885, leaving the record of an
astute man of affairs and an upright pub-
lic official.

George W. Guthrie, son of John B. and
Catherine S. (Murray) Guthrie, was born
September 5, 1848, in Pittsburgh, where
he received his preliminary education in
the public schools, subsequently entering
the University of Western Pennsylvania
(now the University of Pittsburgh), and
graduating in the class of 1866. He then
studied law in the office of Hon. Robert
J. Walker, of Washington, D. C, later
entering the law department of Colum-
bian College (now George Washington
University), and graduating in 1869. He
was admitted the same year to the Wash-
ington bar and the bar of Allegheny
county, being enrolled as a member of
the latter organization on November 5.
He has been since that time continuously
engaged in successful practice, with a
clientele which is simply immense, and a
reputation for ability equalled by few of
his contemporaries. He was for a short
time in partnership with Colonel James
K. Kerr and Hon. Malcolm Hay, and he
has long been recognized as a leader in
his profession, having been retained in
many of the' most important civil law
cases in Western Pennsylvania. He has
a broad, comprehensive grasp of all ques-
tions that come before him, and shows
unusual facility in getting to the bottom
of every contention submitted, posses-

sing that judicial instinct which makes
its way quickly through immaterial de-
tails to the essential points upon which
the determination of a cause must turn,
and his arguments are ever logical, forc-
ible and clear.

In politics Mr. Guthrie is a Democrat,
and has accomplished much toward in-
suring the success of his party in na-
tional affairs. In 1884 he was one of the
secretaries of the Democratic National
Convention, and in 1896 was nominated
for Elector-at-Large, but, in consequence
of not being in accord with the platform
as adopted by the National Committee,
he withdrew his name. The same year
he was nominated by the Citizens' Mu-
nicipal League for Mayor of Pittsburgh
and, though defeated at the polls, made a
brilliant campaign, failing of an easy vic-
tory— so it was stated at the time — only
by the agency of fraud. He had pre-
viously been nominated in 1892 for Lieu-
tenant-Governor of Pennsylvania. In
1905, when Pittsburgh was swept by a
wave of political and moral reform, Mr.
Guthrie, as the leader of the reformers,
again permitted his name to be put forth
as a candidate for the mayoralty, and on
February 20, 1906, was elected for the
term of three years by a vote of 40,000,
the largest vote ever polled in the city.
Mayor Guthrie entered upon the duties
of his office April 7, 1906, and his ad-
ministration is conspicuous in the annals
of Pittsburgh as an era of municipal re-
form. He was associated with David T.
Watson in the preparation of the bill to
create a Greater Pittsburgh, and was ac-
tive and influential in securing its pass-
age by the State Legislature, becoming in
consequence the first chief executive of
the larger city.

In 1908 Mr. Guthrie was elected an
honorary member of the Pittsburgh
Chamber of Commerce, subsequently be-
coming a member of its board. He is
identified with a number of civic bodies

653

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

having for their object the promotion of
the welfare of Pittsburgh, and no good
work done in the name of charity or re-
ligion seeks his co-operation in vain. He
belongs to the Pennsylvania Society of
the Sons of the American Revolution,
and is a member of the Pittsburgh and
Duquesne clubs. He has had the degree
of LL.D. conferred upon him by the Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh and by Trinity Col-
lege of Hartford. A thirty-third degree
Mason, he was grand master of the order
in Pennsylvania in 1910-11, and also af-
filiates with the Scottish Rite, the
Knights Templar, and the Mystic Shrin-
ers. He is a member of the American
Institute of Social Science, and of the
Church Club of the Diocese of Pitts-
burgh. As vice-president of the Dollar
Savings Bank, he is identified with the
financial interests of his home city.

In May, 1913, Mr. Guthrie was ap-
pointed Ambassador to Japan by Presi-
dent Wilson, from a large list of avail-
able candidates, on account of his inti-
mate legal knowledge of the constitu-
tional relations between the States and
the Federal government. The appoint-
ment met with national approval, and
the following editorial from one of the
Pittsburgh newspapers shows the esteem
in which Mr. Guthrie is held:

"The nomination of George W. Guthrie as
Ambassador to Japan is gratifying to the fellow-
citizens of the distinguished Pittsburgher. The
Japanese mission is one of the choice foreign
positions, and is one of the most important even
when not attended by an unusual condition, as is
the case at the present time. The international
problem that has arisen necessitates a represen-
tative of sound judgment, one who is thoroughly
versed in law and with a knowledge of condi-
tions. In selecting Mr. Guthrie for this respon-
sible post, the President shows that he has im-
plicit confidence in him, an opinion that will
be shared by the people of this city. It is a big
office and Mr. Guthrie is big enough to fill it to
the credit of the country."

654

Personally, Mr. Guthrie is tall and fine-
looking, his features expressing in every
line the nervous, energetic determination
so strikingly manifested throughout his
career. His face has the intensely medi-
tative aspect of the thinker, combined
with the forceful, observant look— most
noticeable in the piercing glance of his
eyes— of the man of action. In all his
relations in both public and private life
he is courteous, dignified and kindly in
manner and speech— a gentleman in
every sense of the word. A loyal friend,
he has the faculty of inspiring in all with
whom he is brought into contact feelings
of devoted and enduring regard.

Mr. Guthrie married, December 2,
1886, Florence J., daughter of the late
Hon. Thomas M. Howe, of Pittsburgh.
Mrs. Guthrie is one of those rare women
who combine with perfect womanliness
and domesticity an unerring judgment,
traits of the greatest value to her husband
to whom she is not alone a charming
companion but a trusted confidante. Both
Mr. and Mrs. Guthrie are extremely pop-
ular in society, and "Overbridge", their
beautiful home in the East End, is a seat
of gracious hospitality, as is also their
lovely summer residence, "The Cedars,"
at Bar Harbor, Maine. Mrs. Guthrie is
a member of the Art Society of Pitts-
burgh and the Twentieth Century Club.
In the political annals of Pittsburgh
the names of John B. Guthrie and Mag-
nus M. Murray are inscribed with honor
George W. Guthrie, son of the one and
grandson of the other, has helped to main-
tain the prestige of the bar of his native
city, and as Mayor of Pittsburgh and
diplomat has rendered the name of Guth-
rie twice honorable.

SEMPLE, John Bonner,

Financier, Prominent Citizen.

The late John Bonner Semple, mem-
ber of the banking firm of Semple &

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Jones, was for many years one of the
leading representatives of the financial
interests and prestige of the Iron City,
and the elements wliich contained the
nucleus of her future greatness were
strengthened and fostered by no nobler
or more loyal citizen.

William Semple, father of John Bon-
ner Semple, was born November ii, 1771,
at Castle Dawson, in the North of Ire-
land, and in 1786 emigrated to the United
States, settling in South Amboy, New
Jersey, and later moving to Trenton,
where he studied architecture. About the
year 1795 he came to Pittsburgh, where
he worked on the old court-house on the
Diamond. He practised his profession
until the latter years of his life, during
which he was the proprietor of a hard-
ware store on Wood street, near Third
avenue. By dint of industry, frugality
and the exercise of unusual abilities, he
prospered, acquiring a competence and
becoming the owner of what is now the
"Arthur Sullivan estate," overlooking
the Monongahela river, a place which
was one of Nature's beauty spots ere the
advent of mills and factories hopelessly
and permanently marred the perfection
of her work.

Mr. Semple was one of those active in
securing the establishment of a branch
of the United States Bank in Pittsburgh,
being one of the signers of the memorial
endorsed "Petition from citizens of Pitts-
burgh for a branch at that place, 1817."
He married. May 16, 1801, Annie, daugh-
ter of Charles and Annie Bonner, the
former a veteran of the Revolution, hav-
ing fought in all the principal battles of
the struggle for independence. Of the
eleven children born to Mr. and Mrs.
Semple the following reached maturity :
Nancy C, who married John Bissell ;
Alexander B. ; William M. ; Samuel;
IMary C, who married William Woods,
M. D. ; John Bonner, mentioned below;
Ellen L. ; and Francis. The qualities pos-

sessed in an eminent degree by William
Semple and which seldom fail to com-
mand success in any enterprise were also
characteristics of his brother, Alexander
Semple, a prominent Pittsburgh business
man, whose daughter. Miss Mary P. Sem-
ple (died January, 1914), was a member
of the Society of Colonial Dames. On
March 8, 1829, William Semple passed
away, beloved by his employes, honored
by his business associates and by the en-
tire community for his integrity, energy
and fidelity to principle, and leaving a
name which will ever be held in grateful
remembrance.

John Bonner Semple, son of William
and Annie (Bonner) Semple, was born
September 24, 181 5, in Pittsburgh, and
received his education in the public and
private schools of his native city. At an
early age he entered upon a business ca-
reer, and previous to the great fire of
1845 was senior partner in the firm of
Semple & Parker, one of the leading
wholesale drygoods houses of Pittsburgh.
From 1846 to 1854 Mr. Semple was en-
gaged in the hardware business in Louis-
ville, Kentucky, and then went to Phila-
delphia, returning after a brief period to
his native city. There he became asso-
ciated with John B. Jones in the estab-
lishment of the banking house of Semple
& Jones, and this connection he main-
tained to the close of his life. The firm of
Semple & Jones was one of the pioneer
banking houses of the Iron City. Thurs-
ton, in "Pittsburgh in 1876." gives the
number of private banking houses as five,
the list including the following : N.
Holmes & Son, established in 1826; R.
Patrick & Company, 1850; Semple &
Jones, 1859; Robinson Brothers, 1864;
and T. Mellon & Son, 1870. The firm of
Semple & Jones is thus conclusively
shown to have been the third oldest pri-
vate banking house in Pittsburgh.

In 1839 Emmet and John Sibbet, cous-
ins of Josiah Copley (father-in-law of

655

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

William Thaw by his second marriage),
came from Philadelphia and established a
banking house in Pittsburgh under the
name of Cook & Sibbet, the two younger
men conducting the actual business. On
the death in 1845 of Emmet Sibbet, his
brother took as partner John B. Jones,
their brother-in-law, and in 1859 the bank
again changed hands, becoming the firm
of Semple & Jones, Mr. Semple (as will
be shown hereinafter), being a brother-
in-law of William Thaw's first wife. Last
of all, the style of the firm became Semple
& Thompson, and so remained until 1889,
when it was united with the banking
house of Nathaniel Holmes' Sons, thus
forming in 1900 the Union National Bank,
which still occupies the same site.

During the fourteen years which
elapsed between the formation of the firm
of Semple & Jones and the death of the
senior partner it was to his excellent
judgment and staunch adherence to
sound, conservative and unquestionable
methods of finance that the strength and
prosperity of the bank were mainly due.
First a Whig and later a Republican, he
took a keen interest in political aflfairs.
He was an active member of the old
Third Presbyterian Church, and a liberal
supporter of its work, in which he ever
manifested a deep and sincere interest.
In any assembly Mr. Semple would have
been remarked as a man of fine presence
and striking countenance. His face and
manner both showed him to be a man
of refined tastes and benevolent disposi-
tion.

Mr. Semple married, August 22, 1836,
Mary Jane, daughter of Dr. Alexander
and Louisa Blair, who was a niece of
Robert Fulton and a sister of the first
wife of William Thaw. The Blairs were
residents of Washington, Pennsylvania.
Mr. and Mrs. Semple were the parents
of three children : Louisa, who married
Charles J. Clarke ; Francis, deceased ; and

Mary, who became the wife of Rev. J.
Henry Sharpe, D.D.

In the death of Mr. Semple, which oc-
curred March 24, 1873, Pittsburgh lost
one of its most influential citizens, and
one who had ever labored for its welfare
and prosperity. As we revert in thought
to the Pittsburgh of "sixty years since,"
and the commanding shades of the pion-
eers rise before our mental vision, we dis-
cern among them no grander figure than
that of the man whose influence and ex-
ample as the head of a great banking
house largely inspired and moulded the
monetary institutions of the metropolis,
and made the name of Semple a synonym
for financial honor.

SEMPLE, Francis,

Financier, Man of ASaira.

Some men there are whose personali-
ties are at once so pervasive and power-
ful that their influence is felt in every
important interest of the community.
Pittsburgh has numbered among her citi-
zens not a few of this exceptional type,
and up to a very recent period one of
the most prominent was the late Frank
Semple, conspicuously associated with
the banking, railroad and coal interests
of his native city, and known as a suc-
cessful man of affairs.

Francis (or Frank, as he was generally
known), only son of John Bonner and
Mary Jane (Blair) Semple, was born on
Penn avenue, near Eighth street, Pitts-
burgh, February 4, 1841, and received his
preparatory education at the Travelli
School at Sewickley, and other private
schools. After a short time spent as a
clerk in his father's bank, he entered the
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale Uni-
versity, and in his senior year accom-
panied Professor Benjamin Silliman, of
the University, as secretary, on a tour
of inspection of the mines of California,
going and returning by way of Panama,

656

:.-, £R-r ^n^

</^d^i4^(J^^

I

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

there being no railroad across the conti-
nent at that time. One year was spent
inspecting mines and then Mr. Semple
came back to Pittsburgh and began his
business career. After engaging in sev-
eral enterprises he entered the employ of
the Pennsylvania Company, with which
he was connected for about twenty years.
Succeeding his father, who died in 1873,
Mr. Semple became a partner in the firm
of Semple & Jones, at the same time hold-
ing his position with the railroad com-
pany. In December, 1881, Mr. John B.
Jones sold his interests to William Reed
Thompson, and the firm name was
changed to Semple & Thompson. Seven
years later Mr. Semple disposed of his
interest to Mr. Thompson, and devoted
his time to the railroad business and to
the affairs of his uncle, William Thaw.
On the death of Mr. Thaw in 1889, Mr.
Semple severed his connection with the
railroad company and took charge of the
estate, looking after its widespread inter-
ests, as well as serving on various bank-
ing and coal company boards until the
time of his own death. His knowledge
of men and affairs, his aggressive indus-
try and his quick and decisive judgment
combined to make him most successful.
To his associates he showed a genial,
kindly, humorous side of his nature
which made their business relations most
enjoyable, and he was noted for the jus-
tice and consideration which marked his
conduct toward his subordinates, who
were always devoted to him. Gentle and
courteous, yet firm, courageous and hon-
est, Mr. Semple was particularly fitted
for affairs requiring executive and ad-
ministrative ability. His thorough busi-
ness qualifications caused his services to
be always in demand on Boards of direc-
tors of philanthropic and business organi-
zations, and his public spirit led him to
accept many such trusts. He was very
closely connected and active in church
work, belonging to the Third Presbyte-

rian Church of Pittsburgh, and when he
moved to Sewickley, in 1873, became a
member of the First Presbyterian Church
of that place, where he served as a trus-
tee for twenty years and an elder for
three years. Ever ready to respond to
any deserving call made upon him, the
full number of his benefactions will never
be known, for he delighted to give in
such a manner that few were aware of it.

Mr. Semple was married, at Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania, April 27, 1865, to
Annie, daughter of Lemuel North and
Eliza (Fleming) Wilcox, by Rev. Dr. D.
H. Riddle, of the old Third Presbyterian
Church of Pittsburgh. They became the
parents of the following children : Eliza
(Leila), married Dale Bakewell; John
Bonner; Annie; Frank; and Herbert,
who died when young.

Mr. Semple was a man of simple tastes,
disliking all ostentatiousness, and one to
whom the ties of home and family were
sacred, his happiest hours being passed
at his own fireside. His death, which oc-
curred at Sewickley, Pennsylvania, No-
vember 6, 1908, deprived Pittsburgh of
one of her foremost business men and
most respected citizens. He belonged to
that class of distinctively representative
American men who promote public prog-
ress in advancing individual prosperity
and whose private interests never pre-
clude active participation in movements
and measures which concern the general
good.

DARLINGTON, William, LL.D.,
statesman, Scientist, Author.

Given the perspectus of years and the
softening, clarifying influence that walks
hand in hand with time, it is no difficult
matter, after the lapse of half a century,
to pass equitable judgment and apprecia-
tion upon the life of a man. In the fifty-
one years that have fled since the death
of Dr. William Darlington, ph3-sician.

657

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

scientist, botanist, statesman, educator,
financier, and author, to tell the story of
his life, merely touching upon his myriad
interests, scarcely penetrating the service
of his numberless public and private ac-
tivities, has become an easier and still
more easy task, for the development of
the issues for which he worked and the
rise of the principles and theories for
which he stood have lent to his life work
double interest and an added charm and
value. Rarely is it given to a man to
possess the capacity for grasping and re-
taining the best of so many pursuits, to
hold commanding position in such nu-
merous pursuits, to impart such bril-
liance to each facet of a many sided char-
acter.

William Darlington, eldest child of Ed-
ward and Hannah (Townsend) Darling-
ton, was born near Dilworth, now Dil-
worthtown, Chester county, Pennsyl-
vania, his ancestry being, as far as is
traceable, of Quaker blood on both ma-
ternal and paternal sides. The manner
of life of his parents was simple, their
habits regular and industrious, and Wil-
liam's services were required upon the
home farm from early spring until late
fall, his opportunities for school attend-
ance being confined to the mid-winter
months, when there was little or nothing
to be done upon the home acres. He
also studied under the tuition of John
Forsythe, an Irish Friend, a man of gen-
erous education and at that time the most
able teacher in the county, in the spring
of 1800 leaving the paternal farm to en-
ter the office of Dr. John Vaughan, a
physician of Wilmington, Delaware, with
the intention of obtaining a practical in-
struction in the healer's art before pre-
senting himself at an institution of learn-
ing to receive a degree. That he de-
lighted in study and had no fear of un-
remitting toil is shown by his actions at
this time, when, instead of being con-
tent with the amount of knowledge he

was daily imbibing, he began to learn
the French language, preferring to spend
his free hours in that manner than in
legitimate amusement. So pleased was
he with the rapid strides he made in mas-
tering the language that he made it his
pride and enjoyment to master the lan-
guages of which he felt that he would
have use or by which he would be bene-
fited, a passion that led to his subsequent
conquering of German, Spanish, and
Latin. It was while he was studying
with Dr. Vaughan that the terrible and
destructive plague of yellow fever came
upon that locality, whence all of the
physicians, with the exception of Dr.
Vaughan and Mr. Darlington, fled, realiz-
ing full well the terrors of that dread dis-
ease. It was but another example of
the old biblical story, altered to fit nine-
teenth century life, with two good Sa-
maritans and a whole community who
had fallen among thieves, the priests and
Levites having fled the place.

In the terms of 1802-3 ^nd 1803-4 Mr.
Darlington attended medical lectures at
the University of Pennsylvania, whence
he was graduated June 6, 1804, the first
citizen of Chester county to receive the
degree of Doctor of Medicine from that
university. Extremely favorable com-
ment was made upon his graduation
thesis by the distinguished Professor
Rush, the theme of the paper being "The
Mutual Influence of Habits and Disease."
Having finished the course in medicine,
he attended the botanical lectures of Pro-
fessor Benjamin Smith Barton, and in
this class he was given his introduction
to the science in which he afterward so
excelled, the seed being there planted
that blossomed with amazing prolificness
in later years. Being awarded a diploma
for these studies, he returned to his na-
tive town and began the practice of his
profession, the following year being ap-
pointed physician to the Chester County
Almshouse, and surgeon to a regiment

658

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of militia, his acceptance of the latter
commission costing him his membership
in the Society of Friends, a birthright
from generations of those of that faith,
as he was immediately afterward "read
out" of meeting for aiding warlike meas-
ures. In 1806 he was made surgeon of
an East India merchantman that sailed
from Philadelphia as her home port, and
sailed in that ship to Calcutta, returning
the following year, an account of his ex-
periences being published some years
later in the "Analectic Magazine" in the
form of familiar letters. The following
year he settled in West Chester and re-
sumed the practice of medicine, his prac-
tice becoming extensive and profitable.
In 181 1 he was elected a trustee and sec-
retary of the West Chester Academy,
remaining the incumbent of these offices
until his death, more than half a century
later. In September of 1814, while the
second war with England was in pro-
gress, he went to camp on the Delaware
river as an ensign in the American Grays,
a volunteer company of West Chester,
becoming major of the First Battalion,
to which he was assigned, and holding
this rank until the company was mus-
tered out of service.

He made his entry into national poli-
tics in 1814, when he was elected to the
Congress of the United States, an honor
that was conferred upon him in 1818 and
1820. In all the questions that came be-
fore the House in each of the sessions
that he attended, he was deeply inter-
ested, but it was in his second term that
the measure upon which he held the
sternest views came up for discussion.
This was regarding the admission of
States formed from the territory acquired
in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, as to
whether they should enter the LTnion as
free or as slave-holding States. Dr. Dar-
lington was intensely and emphatically
in favor of the restriction of slavery, and
so expressed himself before his fellow

congressmen in a speech earnest, con-
vincing, and eloquent, which ably ex-
pressed his sentiments. In the latter
year of his last term he was appointed a
visitor to the U. S. Military Academy
at West Point, and returned a report full
and comprehensive, containing full men-
tion of the points upon which the Secre-
tary of War desired competent criticism.
In 1825 he was made a member of the
first Pennsylvania Board of Canal Com-
missioners, in company with other such
illustrious statesmen as Albert Gallatin,
David Scott, and others of like fame,
holding his place thereon for two years,
the latter of the two as president of the
board. His reason for resigning from
this position was that it required that he
spend more time away from his family
than he so desired, more than he consid-
ered fair to either. He was almost imme-
diately appointed prothonotary and clerk
of courts of his native county by Gov-
ernor Shulze, an official with whom he
held close friendship in both political and
personal relations, and in 1830 was ap-
pointed by the Legislature of Pennsyl-
vania one of the commissioners to lay
out a State road from near New Hope on
the Delaware river to the Maryland line,
in the general direction of Baltimore. At
about the same time, largely through his
instrumentality, the West Chester rail-
road was built by a company of which he
was president, the immediate supervision
of the road's construction being left in
his hands. In 1830 he became president
of the Bank of Chester County, of which
he was a charter-named commissioner,
authorized to receive subscriptions for
capital stock, and was a director almost
from the time of its establishment in 1814
to his death.

So concludes the bare outline of his
public service, of his business projects,
and the progress he made in his profes-
sion. In the latter, when he was in the
zenith of his activity, before other cares

659

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

claimed most of his time, he was the
acknowledged leader of his profession in
the county, holding the confidence and
steady patronage of a host of the resi-
dents of that locality. His courageous,
hopeful outlook upon even the most dis-
couraging cases inspired an answering
courage in the heart of his patient that
was in many cases sufficient to stem the
tide of oblivion that was fast creeping
over sense and feeling, and to give birth
to a strength that led to convalescence.
Before passing from these points to his
career in the scientific world, it is well to
mention that in 1828 he and a few pro-
fessional friends met and formed the
Medical Society of Chester County, of
which he was unanimously elected the
first president, serving as such until
1852, when he resigned, to be at once
made an honorary member of the organi-
zation.

The first fruits of the teachings of Pro-
fessor Barton ripened when Mr. Dar-
lington, in company with a few intimate
friends, organized the Chester County
Cabinet of Natural Sciences, of which he
was president from its origin, others fol-
lowing in the near future, when he pub-
lished his first work, "Cestrica," a cata-
logue of the plants found in the vicinity
of West Chester, all accurately described
with the pen, not only of the scientist,
but of the nature lover as well. This ap-
peared in 1826, an enlarged and improved
edition, entitled "Flora Cestrica," being
published in 1837. He then devoted his
talents to collecting and classifying the
letters and memoranda of Dr. William
Baldwin, of his own county, who died at
an early age while accompanying Major
Long upon an exploring expedition up
the Missouri river, giving the results of
this labor to the world in a volume enti-
tled "Reliquiae Baldwinianae." He later
performed the same service for Humphrey
Marshall and John Bartram, both of
Chester county, collecting such portions

of their correspondence as remained in
existence and their unpublished data, as
well as similar papers of the other emi-
nent botanists of the day, publishing the
volume resulting as the "Memorials of
Bartram and Marshall." Another of his
own works was published in 1847, enti-
tled the "Agricultural Botany," a splen-
did work of a more practical though no
more valuable nature than his previous
productions. That his scientific research
did not lack adequate recognition by au-
thorities both at home and abroad is
shown by the actions of Dr. Torrey, of
New York, and Professor De Candolle,
of Geneva, Switzerland, the first of whom
gave the name "Darlingtonia Californica"
to a new and remarkable species of
pitcher plant (Nepenthes) found in Cali-
fornia, in 1853, Professor de Candolle
having tendered him a like compliment in
1825. The last work upon which Dr.
Darlington was engaged was "Notse
Cestrienses," notices of Chester men and
happenings, which represented the joint
efforts of himself and J. Smith Futhey,
each of whom contributed a share of the
contents. As proof of his marvelously
powerful intellect it is only necessary to
mention that at the time of writing this
work he was nearly eighty years of age,
the book entering the hands of the public
only a few months before his death. Yale
College evidenced its appreciation of his
labors and achievements by conferring
upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws,
while he was honored at Dickinson Col-
lege by being made a Doctor of Physical
Science, tributes fittingly and properly
rendered to one worthy and deserving in
every way. He was at his death a mem-
ber of more than forty literary and sci-
entific societies, the roll of which space
forbids, one of typical distinction to
which he was elected being the Botanical
Society of the Netherlands, at Leyden.
His valuable herbarium, in the collection
of which he had spent months extending

660

^^^M.^^^^->t^&^^^ ^^t.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

through years, he bequeathed to the or-
ganization that he had fathered, the Ches-
ter County Cabinet of Natural Sciences,
where it was gratefully preserved in
memory of one of the most indefatigable
scientists the county had known.

Dr. Darlington was for years a leader
of the Democratic party in Chester
county, but in 1824, disturbed by the
marked radicalism that had developed in
that party, he transferred his allegiance,
being from that time an ardent Whig and
later a Republican. After the death of his
wife he became a member of the Protes-
tant Episcopal church, having been ac-
tive in its organization and a generous
contributor to the fund for the erection
of a tabernacle, also assuming a large
share of the current expenses of the or-
ganization.

He married, June i, 1808, Catharine,
daughter of General John Lacey, an offi-
cer who served with distinction in the
War for Independence. Her death was
the one great sorrow of his life, nothing
but his immovable faith and lofty spirit
enabling him to endure separation from
her who had been his constant com-
panion for two score years, sharing alike
his victories and his defeats, his sadness
and his joy, a comrade ideal. They were
the parents of four sons and four daugh-
ters, one of his sons, Lieutenant B. S.
B. Darlington, being for seventeen years
an officer in the United States Navy, his
youngest son, bearing his name, holding
the rank of acting colonel in the
Eighteenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Cav-
alry, serving in the War of the Rebellion.

Dr. Darlington died April 23, 1863, and
was buried in Oaklands Cemetery, near
West Chester, in the establishment and
beautification of which he had been
prominently interested, the epitaph upon
his memorial tablet being of his own
composition : "Plantse Cestrienses, quas
dilexit atque illustravit, super tnmulum
ejus semper floreant" (The plants of

Chester, which he loved and described,
may they blossom forever above his
tomb). In that quiet yard his remains
lie. Other scientists have retold the
story of the plants and flowers that were
his joy and have reaped the honors that
once were his, but if, as 'tis pleasant to
think, those in their heavenly home know
of this, his blessing follows them that
labor in the field he left, urging, encour-
aging, inspiring to further efforts.

DARLINGTON, Smedley,

Man of Affairs, Statesman.

Smedley Darlington was favored with
that rich Quaker ancestry which has
served to flavor for good many genera-
tions in Pennsylvania. The Darlington
and Smedley families have been conspic-
uous in Chester county for more than
two centuries. Abraham Darlington, the
emigrant, followed agriculture, as did all
the early colonists, and was also an
extensive and popular practitioner of
physics and surgery; he was active in
the Society of Friends and found time
and opportunity to serve his neighbors
in public office, filling at various times
all the local township offices, and in 1729
was commissioned coroner of Chester
county. His nine children intermarried
with the oldest and most influential fami-
lies among the early colonists of Penn-
sylvania.

His fifth child and second son, Thomas,
like his father, was successful in agri-
culture and acquired considerable estate ;
he also inherited his father's chirurgical
inclinations and abilities. The sixth son
of Thomas and Hannah (nee Brinton)
Darlington was George, whose second
child, Richard, was the father of Smed-
ley Darlington. Richard Darlington was
a successful farmer and business man, an
active member in the Doe Run and Fal-
lowfield Meetings of Friends, interested
in education, and one of the organizers

661

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

and first president of the Chester County
Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He
married Edith Smedley, who was in the
fifth generation from George Smedley,
the emigrant, who had come to Pennsyl-
vania from Derbyshire, England, in 1682.

The blood of his forefathers and fore-
mothers, which was his great heritage,
served Smedley Darlington well, its
stimulating influences being early in the
work of quickening his energies and im-
pulses, which served to develop within
him more action and far-reaching vision
than are common to the lot of men. Po-
copson township, in Chester county,
Pennsylvania, was the scene of his birth
on December 24, 1827. The environments
of the place were such as to lend a help-
ing hand in the formation of character,
which was destined to diffuse its power
for good throughout the county of his
birth, the State and the country.

The appeal to his energies for action
in his own behalf, along lines that were
practical, came to him early in his
youth, inasmuch as he found himself
teaching a school composed of bright
pupils at the age of nineteen, immediate-
ly upon his completing his own school
days in the common schools of his county
and in the Friends' Central School in
Philadelphia. His initial step as a teach-
er was taken in the latter school, where
his fitness was early observed by those
in charge, at the close of his schoolboy
days. It was not, however, in his plans,
or in accord with his ambition, to con-
tinue in the profession of teacher. While
other youths of his age and association
were content to cease their efforts with
the end of their daily work, and resort
to recreation and enjoyment, young Dar-
lington betook himself to his study room
and his books, with a determination to
further equip himself for the battle of
life. Stenography appealed to him as
having a wide field for the winning of
dollars as well as influence, and with this

foresight well to his assistance he quickly
mastered its study under Pitman, and
became a reporter of sermons, speeches
and lectures for the leading newspapers
of that day, and in this role he became
at once a prominent figure in circles to
which his attainments insured him a cor-
dial and paying reception.

Ercildoun, a small village in West
Marlborough township, Chester county,
was selected by him in 185 1 as a proper
place to establish a school for boys whose
parents sought for them instructions in
branches not taught in the public schools
of that day and generation. Under fair
auspices this venture was continued for
three years, at which time he changed to
a school for girls, which change proved
a wise one, its name becoming popular
throughout the county to an extent that
brought to it the daughters of many of
the leading families, and its beneficial in-
fluence is attested to-day by scores of
the sons and daughters of the girls of
that schoolday period at fair Ercildoun.

In 1861 the great oil excitement which
spread over the country found him in
waiting to take up the matter of invest-
ment of means and activity. Having the
confidence of his friends, he easily formed
companies for developing portions of the
oil section and they with him reaped a
reward highly satisfactory. This season
of venture over, he located himself in
West Chester, where he opened a broker's
office, and again success came responsive
to his endeavors. He built up an exten-
sive business in dealing in government
bonds and western securities. The State
of Kansas appealed to him as a lucrative
field for his operations. He quickly dis-
covered its needs as well as its valuable
resources, which familiarity enabled him
to negotiate the bonds of its prominent
municipalities and counties in large
blocks and loans on real estate securi-
ties.

About this time he besran to feel the

662

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

impulses which are associated with mod-
ern politics, and he early became a promi-
nent as well as a practical votary at its
shrine, not so much for personal advance-
ment as for recreation. He vigorously
espoused the cause of the Republican
party. Even in his boyhood he was a
leader, which was attested in his organ-
izing his playfellows into Whigs and
Democrats, and their games on the school
grounds were won and lost under the
flags of these respective parties. Horace
Greeley was his ideal statesman, and it
was through his admiration for this
prominent newspaper publisher, orator
and man of general public aflfairs that
his political pulse became quickened and
his ambitions aroused. When the slogan
was sounded for the organization of the
Republican party in Chester county he
stepped to the forefront and became a
valued leader in the work of eflfecting the
organization, and it was this step that
introduced him to political leaders in his
native State. Recognizing his abilities as
a leader, as well as his wisdom in mat-
ters of State and country-wide affairs, it
was only natural that his home political
friends should urge him to represent his
district in Congress, to which he was
elected in 1886, after being defeated in
two of the most heated and personally
spectacular campaigns ever waged in
Chester county. His victory was achieved
by a single vote in the county conven-
tion, the exciting scenes of which occa-
sion will always remain a prominent
chapter in the political history of Ches-
ter county. Completing his first congres-
sional term, he was re-elected without
opposition to the 51st Congress, which he
served with distinction, having fulfilled
all his pledges to party and friends, in
looking after the interests of his district
in ways that served to confirm the claim
of his party that he was in every sense
the man for the place.

After two terms in Congress by John

B. Robinson, Mr. Darlington had the
pleasure of seeing as representative from
the 6th District his son-in-law, Thomas
S. Butler. He is also of Chester county
Quaker stock, and is the father of Major
Smedley Darlington Butler, who has
achieved an enviable prominence in the
United States Marine Corps for his sol-
dierly qualities as well as for his integrity
of character. Major Butler has seen ac-
tive service in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the
Philippines and Central America. He
participated in the relief of Tien Tsin,
and marched with the allied troops to
Pekin. For gallant conduct in China he
was promoted to the rank of captain at
the age of nineteen. The marine bat-
talion at Camp Elliot, Panama Canal
Zone, under his command, received ex-
traordinary commendation for efficiency
and the methods there pursued were fur-
nished to the commanding officers of all
posts, to the end that they might be
adopted where practicable. Major But-
ler has proved that peace has victories
no less deserved and pronounced than
came to him in time of the most active
and trying service.

While Mr. Darlington's active mind
was concentrated in matters of business,
in the politics of his town, county, State
and country, he never let go his fondness
and fidelity to his family, his home and
his friends. On May 15, 1851, he married
Mary Edwards Baker, daughter of Jo-
seph Pyle Baker and Mary Edwards.
There was no greater pleasure for him
than to be in his family circle, whenever
his business permitted him, and in that
circle he was the centre of the loving at-
tentions of his wife and children. He
was not given to ostentatious display of
his wealth, which he had accumulated
through his active efforts and far-sight-
edness in affairs, but his generous im-
pulses always were honored in his giv-
ing to those about him that which was
most likely to increase their enjoyments

663

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

and make life worth the living. His posit Company, which came in response

close affiliations with his family brought
to him the great pleasure of seeing his
children grow up to lives of usefulness
and thrift, so that when he was called
hence each one was able to take his or
her place in work both honorable and
self-sustaining to a degree that served to
emphasize the practical training they had
received at the hands of a loving and
faithful father, aided by an honored help-
meet, whose every instinct spoke for the
advancement of children in those walks
of life that are closely aligned with the
laws of the Master. His home at all
times was a centre of peacefulness, and
that rest which is fostered by a careful
training and those inspirations which are
the outcome of a complete conception of
what constitutes a real home, where par-
ents and children come together under
the influences of a perfect respect for
each other and of a love which admits
of no change.

Mr. Darlington was noted for his dis-
cernment of men and what they repre-
sented. His knowledge of human nature
was based upon his experiences with men
in the various walks of private and pub-
lic life, and this knowledge served him
well in the affairs of finance and politics
when he became a prominent figure in
these respective fields of action. On the
public platform he was much sought by
his political friends, and his speeches
were enjoyed by both friend and foe. He
had a style of expression not common to
men who talk for political ends. He used
terms that were recognized as being orig-
inal and at the same time forcible, and,
while they were not received as classi-
cal, they had a hitting significance which
has caused many of his utterances to live
after him and to be treasured in quota-
tion marks as being the right thing
spoken at the right time and place.

In the organization of the Chester
County Guarantee, Trust and Safe De-

to his ambitions to erect in his native
county a financial centre commensurate
with the needs of a thrifty people, he
carried out his plans to a highly success-
ful degree. As the institution grew and
prospered there came a period when skep-
tical minds associated with its manage-
ment conceived the idea that it was des-
tined not to fill the bill of Mr. Darling-
ton's expectancy, and after a season of
earnest opposition on the part of its head
it passed into the hands of receivers.
From the earliest moment of this adverse
movement Mr. Darlington zealously and
eloquently pleaded for time, his argument
being that if he were allowed to continue
the management of its affairs a success-
ful and satisfactory result would be
reached at an early date. His counsel,
however, failed in winning the approval
of certain of his associates in the com-
pany, and its doors were closed. A set-
tlement of its affairs was at once com-
menced, the close of which served to fully
attest the truth of Mr. Darlington's ar-
gument, and with it came a complete vin-
dication of his business abilities as cus-
todian of the enterprise. This desirable
lifting of the cloud which for a time ob-
scured his business sky is upon record in
further accentuation of his foresighted-
ness, his business acumen and his in-
tegrity of purpose, which at the close
of his life came to shed a lustre upon
his well-doing and to maintain him in
the honored place he had so many years
held in the hearts of those who had con-
fided in him and followed in his wake,
in many ways, to their complete satisfac-
tion.

As a fitting close to Mr. Darlington's
active political career Chester county se-
lected him as its delegate to the National
Republican Convention which nominated
Mr. McKinley for President. In his as-
pirations for this honor he was confront-
ed by serious opposition on the part of

664

dyP'hrr^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

local workers, many of whom he had for
many years befriended politically, finan-
cially and otherwise, and for a time his
election seemed to be uncertain. In the
roundup, however, many voters, disre-
garding the importunities and beseech-
ings of their leaders, swung back to their
old allegiance and he was gracefully ac-
corded the honor he sought and which
he treasured highly throughout his re-
maining days. And with this additional
vindication of his claims and merits it
is only just to say here that he harbored
no ill-feeling or resentment towards those
who had seen fit to bitterly oppose him.
He was constructed on broader lines than
to dream of or to seek revenge, so that
his measure of manliness, asserting itself
in the fullness of its force, led him to lie
down to pleasant dreams, with malice
towards none and charity for all.

The seven surviving children of Smed-
ley and Mary Edwards Darlington are:
Maud Mary, wife of Thomas S. Butler,
elected to Congress from the Chester-
Delaware District in 1896, and succes-
sively re-elected to date (1914) ; Eliza-
beth H., wife of Samuel Wilbur Cooper,
of Wichita, Kansas ; Edith Smedley ;
Mary Baker ; Isabel, a graduate of Wel-
lesley College, and of the Law School of
the University of Pennsylvania, an active
member of the Bar of Chester county and
of the Superior and Supreme Courts of
Pennsylvania ; Rose ; Percy Smedley, a
graduate of Haverford College, married,
in 1903, to Julia Lowry Taylor, of At-
lanta, Georgia, and engaged in the loan
and investment business established by
his father.

LARKIN, Madison F.,

International Correspondence School Offi-
cial.

To fill the position in business life and
before the eyes of the public now occu-
pied by Mr. Madison F. Larkin, Con-

troller of the International Text Book
Company and International Correspond-
ence Schools, requires a man of ex-
traordinary attainments, integrity and
wisdom ; and all of these Mr. Larkin has,
having been selected by his party as Pro-
hibition nominee for Governor of Penn-
sylvania in 1910, and in 1912 receiving
prominent mention as a presidential can-
didate. His wide circle of friends and
business connections, together with his
fine qualities of head and heart, combine
to make his position before the public an
extraordinarily strong and influential
one, so that he is a great factor for good
in the community. Mr. Larkin is a na-
tive of Ohio, having been born in Cincin-
nati, October 15, 1855. His father was
an eminent banker of that city, and
prominent in social and commercial cir-
cles, having attained an enviable height
through his own efforts ; he was a pe-
culiarly abstemious man, never indulg-
ing in any form of narcotics or spirituous
liquors, and his son inherited both tastes
and talents.

After completing his primary education
in the common schools of Cincinnati, Mr.
Larkin attended the Ohio Wesleyan Col-
lege, where he was finally equipped for
his battle with the world. In early youth
he became a messenger in the banking
house of which his father was senior
partner ; and, showing an unusual apti-
tude for the business, was promoted to
the rank of paying teller. Upon finding
that his health was seriously impaired,
however, Mr. Larkin in 1875 gave up the
banking business and went south as far
as Texas ; in Galveston he entered the
employ of Mr. J. W. Seligman, who has
since become famous as a financier, and
continued with him for a time. But the
nature of the work was not altogether
suited to Mr. Larkin's needs, confining
him too strictly indoors. In order to de-
rive the full benefit of an out-of-doors
life and the open air, he gave up the

665

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

position with Mr. Seligman and joined a
company of thirty drovers, getting thus a
plenty of work and healthful exercise in
the open. The work suited him, and he
rapidly regained strength. He assisted
in driving four thousand cattle from
Goliad to Waco, Texas, sleeping on the
ground at nights, cooking by the road-
side, and enduring to the full the hard-
ships of ranch life in those early days.
Once he found himself moneyless among
desperadoes and was in imminent danger
of losing his life. At another time, while
in northern Louisiana, he and several
companions built a flatboat upon which
they drifted down the river from Shreve-
port to New Orleans, undergoing all
kinds of dangers on the slight craft,
which they propelled by rudely shaped
oars. When they reached the Crescent
City they were destitute, and the raft
was sold for a dollar, with which they
bought food. Mr. Larkin finally reached
home by way of a steamboat upon which
he chanced, whose captain was ac-
quainted with his family. It was then
decided that Mr. Larkin should go to
Arizona. Undeterred by the hardship it
meant in those early days in sparsely
settled Arizona, he set out alone and un-
armed. Once a dozen Indians were on
his trail, but with the aid of a fleet horse
he succeeded in giving them the slip.
Upon reaching Phoenix he became a
clerk in a store, and by hard work saved
a little money. Work and study went
hand in hand, and he finally became
agent for the Wells-Fargo Express Com-
pany, being one of its first agents in that
State. One night the house in which
he and a companion slept was crushed in
by a tornado, and it was little short of a
miracle that he escaped with his life, his
friend being killed.

In January, 1877, Mr. Larkin having
attained considerable prominence in the
community, was made secretary of the
committee on territorial affairs in the

Territorial Legislature; and in 1879 he
took service with the Bank of Arizona,
in Prescott. He saw much of the fron-
tier life of that period, which is now so
romantically pictured in fiction and on
the stage ; and became interested in the
production of drama out west. He man-
aged the affairs of a "Pinafore" company
that became stranded in Tucson with re-
markable success, taking the company to
Prescott and placing it upon a sound
financial basis, with the gratitude of all
the players involved, before surrendering
charge. Resigning his position with the
Arizona bank in order to assume more
responsible duties, he ultimately joined
the quartermaster's department at Whip-
ple Barracks, and served until 1881, when
he came east.

In 1882, with health regained and
wiser from contact with the great world,
he entered the United States National
Bank, his fortunes being apparently as-
sociated with banks and banking. He
then returned to Cincinnati, where he be-
came head of a large lumber company
with which he was associated for the fol-
lowing six years. From 1890 to 1897 he
was again in the banking business, after
which he removed to Kansas City, where
he engaged with the National Surety
Company, and subsequently with Swift
& Company. While in Kansas City his
father's fortune was swept away in a
financial crash, and Mr. Larkin, from mo-
tives of conscience, surrendered the posi-
tion which he held in that place. It was
at this crisis that the position of book-
keeper with the International Corre-
spondence Schools was tendered him by
Mr. T. J. Foster, the president of the in-
stitution, the offer being promptly ac-
cepted by Mr. Larkin, who came on at
once to Scranton in order to assume the
duties of his new office. His unusual
ability won quick recognition, and he be-
came in turn chief accountant, assistant
treasurer, and on December i, 1902, con-

666

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

troller, the position which he today oc-
cupies. It is a post of extreme impor-
tance, requiring his attention in every
movement undertaken by the schools.

In addition to his Correspondence
School interests, Mr. Larkin is treasurer
of the Scranton Life Jnsurance Com-
pany; treasurer of the Scranton Board of
Trade; and president of the State Ex-
ecutive Committee of the Prohibition
party, in which he has become so strong
an influence; though he had been but a
quiet worker until his recent nomination
for the governorship of the State, and
the later mention of him as possible pres-
idential nominee in 1912. To the lead-
ers in the State, however, he is known as
a man of keen foresight, ability, and en-
thusiasm in the movement; one who
commands respect and adds great
strength to the principles of his party.
He was a candidate for Congress for the
Tenth District of Penns3dvania in 191 2.

Mr. Larkin is also president of the
City Evangelical Society ; member of the
board of stewards of the Elm Park
Methodist Episcopal Church ; president of
Men of Elm Park; president of the Lay-
men's Association of the Wyoming Con-
ference ; and president of the Scranton
Rescue Mission Board. He was one of
six hundred Methodist delegates to at-
tend the congress in Chicago on May 4,
1910, of the Laymen's Missionary move-
ment, the appointment having come to
him from the national executive commit-
tee. There were about five thousand del-
egates, all told, representing the churches
of the country. In Mr. Larkin's activity
in the church and church affairs he has
set a most admirable and praiseworthy
example to the Christian community.

He was married in 1889, and has one
son, Curtis Harrington Larkin, a young
man of much promise, inheriting many
of his father's excellent traits. He was
honor roll graduate of the Scranton
Technical High School, and an attendant

of the Bordentown, New Jersey, Military
Academy ; and bids fair to follow in his
father's footsteps in his political views
and public influence ; he is also a capable
newspaper critic.

The whole story of Mr. Larkin's life
is a tribute to American hardihood,
brains, brawn, and good citizenship. In
personal appearance he is a man of
medium size, well built and fine looking;
and in all matters of the public welfare
manifests the courage of his convictions.
He is well acquainted with all sides of
human nature by reason of his many
years of contact with men of every class
and grade ; and in the course of his hon-
ored and unblemished career has become
one of the most intelligent and successful
business men whom Scranton has ever
known. He is genial and level-headed,
proud of his citizenship, and confident in
the great future of his country ; and is a
worker and an optimist to that end.

Two younger brothers of Mr. Larkin
are well established in highly useful sta-
tions. Albert M. Larkin, four years
younger, is cashier of the German Na-
tional Bank, Newport, Kentucky, and
president of Group Six of the Kentucky
Bankers' Association ; and Dr. Francis
i\I. Larkin, six years younger than Mr.
Madison F. Larkin, is editor of the "Cali-
fornia Christian Advocate," San Fran-
cisco, of which he took charge December
I, 1913-

LYON, John Denniston,

Financier, Man of Affairs.

John Denniston Lyon, president of the
Safe Deposit and Trust Company, and
prominently identified with other mone-
tary and commercial institutions of Pitts-
burgh, is descended through both his par-
ents from ancestors who have been for
two centuries resident in Pennsylvania
and intimately associated with the best
interests of the commonwealth.

667

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

John Lyon emigrated with his family
from Enniskillen, County Fermanagh,
Province of Ulster, Ireland, to the Prov-
ince of Pennsylvania, in the year 1763,
and settled in Cumberland county, now
Milford township, Juniata county, about
two miles west of Mifflintown. The war-
rant for this tract of land, two hundred
and seventy-three acres and sixty-three
perches, is dated September 18, 1766. In
1773 the Proprietaries granted to John
Lyon, et al., twenty acres of land for the
use of the Presbyterian Church of Tus-
carora, where he is buried. He died in
1780. He married, in Ireland, Margaret
Armstrong, sister of Colonel John Arm-
strong, one of the prominent and patriotic
Pennsylvanians of Provincial and Revo-
lutionary times. She was a woman of
bright intellect, remarkable intelligence,
and a fine conversationalist. She died
about 1793, and is buried in Tuscarora.

William Lyon, son of John and Mar-
garet (Armstrong) Lyon, preceded his
father and family to the Province of
Pennsylvania, having arrived about 1750,
and attained the position of assistant
surveyor to his uncle, John Armstrong,
who was deputy surveyor and justice of
the peace for Cumberland county, a well-
educated man who had arrived from Ire-
land in 1748. Together they laid out the
town of Carlisle, by order of the Pro-
prietaries, in 1751, and the seat of justice
was then permanently established there.
William Lyon entered the Provincial
military service for the defense of the
frontier against the French and Indians,
and as first lieutenant of the Pennsyl-
vania regiment, appointed December 6,
1757, participated in Forbes' great expe-
dition against Fort Duquesne, in 1758.
He resigned in March, 1759, and was ap-
pointed a magistrate in 1764 by Gover-
nor John Penn, then in Carlisle, dispatch-
ing Colonel Bouquet on his second ex-
pedition. On the opening of the Revo-
lution and the suppression of the Pro-

vincial authority he was appointed by the
Supreme Executive Council a member of
the Committee of Safety, October 16,
1776; prothonotary for Cumberland
county, March 12, 1777; clerk of the Or-
phans' Court, February 9, 1779; and reg-
ister and recorder, February 13, 1779;
he was reappointed by Governor Mifflin
register of wills, September 4, 1790, and
prothonotary, register and recorder, and
clerk of the Orphans' Court, August 17,
1791 ; he was also reappointed by Gover-
nor McKean, January 29, 1800, prothono-
tary and clerk of the courts, and contin-
ued prothonotary by proclamation in
1802 and 1805 ; he was appointed by the
Supreme Executive Council to receive
subscriptions for Cumberland county for
a loan of $20,000,000, authorized by Con-
gress, June 29, 1779. William Lyon, born
March 17, 1729, in Ireland, died in Car-
lisle, Pennsylvania, February 7, 1809;
married (first), in 1756, Alice Armstrong,
daughter of his uncle. Colonel John Arm-
strong, of Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He
married (second), in 1768, Ann Fleming,
of Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

George Armstrong Lyon, son of Wil-
liam and Alice (Armstrong) Lyon, was
born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, April 11,
1784. On January 14, 1815, he married
Anna G. Savage, daughter of Thomas
Lyttleton and Marguriet (Teackle) Sav-
age of Northampton county, Virginia.
Mr. Lyon was a prominent lawyer, and
for many years president of the Carlisle
Bank, and was one of the most prominent
and influential citizens at the time of his
death, January 6, 1855.

Alexander Parker Lyon, son of George
Armstrong and Anna G. (Savage) Lyon,
was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, June
29, 1829, and died in Pittsburgh, Decem-
ber 17, 1861. He was educated at Dick-
inson College, Carlisle, and settled in
Pittsburgh early in the fifties, where he
associated himself with his brother-in-
law, James B. Lyon, under the firm name

668

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Cil^^ t^^AyiruvJ

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of James B. Lyon & Company. They
engaged in the manufacture of glass, and
Mr. Lyon continued in that business un-
til his death. He was a member of the
Presbyterian church and of the Republi-
can party. In 1861 he was appointed by
President Lincoln consul to the Island of
Cyprus. On his way to his post of duty,
on account of sickness, he was obliged
to return to Pittsburgh, where he died
later the same year. Alexander Parker
Lyon married, at Pittsburgh, May 10,
1855, Eliza T. Denniston, daughter of
John and Catherine (Thaw) Denniston,
and granddaughter of John and Eliza
(Thomas) Thaw. Her father, John Den-
niston, was a son of Samuel and Rebecca
(Campbell) Denniston, and her grand-
mother, Rebecca (Campbell) Denniston,
was a daughter of General Charles Camp-
bell, of Revolutionary fame, from Indiana
county. Children of Alexander Parker
and Eliza T. (Denniston) Lyon: Cathar-
ine T. Fell, wife of Albert D. Fell, of
Philadelphia; Charles Lyttleton, who
married Annie Reed ; Alexander Parker
Jr., married Mary Suydam, whose death
occurred March 3, 1892; John Denniston,
see forward.

John Thaw, maternal grandfather of
Mrs. Eliza T. (Denniston) Lyon, was of
English descent. He was a son of Ben-
jamin and Hannah (Engle) Thaw, and
a grandson of John Thaw, who was born
in Philadelphia in 1710, and died near
the close of the century. The Engles
were good Quaker stock. John Thaw
(later of Pittsburgh) was apprenticed to
a Philadelphia merchant largely engaged
in foreign commerce. While in this em-
ploy John Thaw made one voyage with
a trading vessel, and subsequently em-
barked in trade on his own account by
sending to Senegambia a ship laden with
a cargo of his own. Both voyages re-
sulted disastrously; the first ship was
seized under Napoleon's orders, and on
returning he was attacked by yellow

fever. The second was commanded by a
treacherous captain who disposed of the
cargo, invested the proceeds in African
slaves, which he sold in the West Indies
on his own account, never reporting to
his employer. This expedition bankrupt-
ed the young merchant and he obtained
employment in the Bank of Pennsylvania
at Philadelphia. In 1803 he was induced
by General O'Hara to go to Pittsburgh
to become teller of the Pittsburgh Branch
of the Bank of Pennsylvania. He was the
first teller of that branch, and was chosen
for that position for his practical knowl-
edge of banking. In 1817 he became
cashier of the Pittsburgh Branch of the
LTnited States Bank, which had absorbed
the Bank of Pennsylvania. This latter
position he held until the veto of Presi-
dent Jackson closed the bank. John
Thaw had the distinction of being the
first practical banker to become a per-
manent resident of Pittsburgh. In 1803
he married Elizabeth Thomas, daughter
of a sea captain. Their son, William
Thaw, born in Pittsburgh, October 12,
1818, became one of Pittsburgh's wealth-
iest and worthiest citizens, the radiance
of whose life will grow more and more
effulgent through the coming years and
history will assign him a place among the
greatest of his State.

John Denniston Lyon, son of Alexan-
der Parker and Eliza T. (Denniston)
Lyon, was born January 24, 1861, in Al-
legheny (now Northside, Pittsburgh),
and in the spring of the same year the
family moved to what is now known as
East End. He attended the Hiland
School until 1874, passing then to the
West Philadelphia Academy and then to
the Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville,
New Jersey, where he graduated in June,
1878. He then spent eighteen months in
Pittsburgh and Cambridge, Massachu-
setts, taking a special course in languages
and mathematics, under Professor Gren-
ough and other tutors.

669

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

On February 20, 1880, Mr. Lyon began
his business career in the First National
Bank of Pittsburgh, which he entered in
the capacity of messenger, being subse-
quently promoted to the position of col-
lection clerk. In December, 1881, he en-
tered the banking house of Semple &
Thompson, afterwards known as William
R. Thompson & Company. It was here
that his abilities first became strikingly
manifest, and on February i, 1890, he be-
came a member of the firm, maintaining
the connection until April i, 1900. He
then consolidated William R. Thompson
& Company with the firm of N. Holmes
& Sons, the oldest banking house west
of the Allegheny Mountains, established
in 1822. Mr. Lyon remained with this
firm until its consolidation with the Un-
ion National Bank of Pittsburgh, July i,
1905, when he was made vice-president
of that institution, being also elected a
member of the board of directors. In
January, 1913, he became president of the
Safe Deposit and Trust Company, one of
the strongest financial institutions in
Pittsburgh. In the realm of monetary
affairs Mr. Lyon's influence is potent,
and his executive ability, his power to
see to the bottom of intricate affairs and
his fertility and practicability of resource
have caused him to be regarded as a safe
adviser.

In addition to the duties and respon-
sibilties involved in the offices already
mentioned, Mr. Lyon is vice-president of
the People's Savings Bank ; president of
the Continental Improvement Company ;
and a director in numerous corporations
— the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad ;
Pittsburgh, McKeesport & Youghiogheny
Railroad Company; Pittsburgh Coal
Company ; ]\Ionongahela River Consoli-
dated Coal & Coke Company ; A. M.
Byers Company; Hostetter-Connellsville
Coke Company; Bessemer Coke Com-
pany; Follansbee Brothers Company;
Monongahela Water Company ; North

American Steamship Company ; Girard
Iron Company ; Pittsburgh & Fairport
Terminal Company; Union National
Bank ; Girard Mercantile Company.

As a citizen Mr. Lyon is regarded as
a man of fine judgment, clear and de-
cisive opinions, broad and liberal views,
and unselfish in his labors for the pub-
lic good. He is unostentatiously chari-
table. He is a trustee in various insti-
tutions— the Allegheny General Hospi-
tal ; Pittsburgh Association for the Im-
provement of the Poor; Western Penn-
sylvania Institution for Deaf and Dumb,
and the Allegheny Cemetery. In the
sphere of politics he affiliates with the
Republicans. He belongs to the Du-
quesne, Pittsburgh, Allegheny Country
and Pittsburgh Golf clubs, of Pittsburgh ;
the Metropolitan and the Racquet and
Tennis clubs, of New York ; the Metro-
politan Club of Washington, D. C. ; and
the Pittsburgh Chapter, Sons of the
American Revolution. He is a member
of the Presbyterian church.

The personal appearance of Mr. Lyon
is that of the able, keen, aggressive, high-
minded man of affairs lie is known to be.
With his alert bearing, strong features,
penetrating yet kindly eyes and com-
manding but genial expression, he looks
at once the astute financier and the pol-
ished, affable man, the man whose loy-
alty in friendship has inspired a like sen-
timent in the hearts of many.

Mr. Lyon married, February 18, 1896,
Maude, daughter of the late Alexander
AIcBurney and Martha (Fleming) Byers.
Mr. and Mrs. Lyon are the parents of one
child, Martha Byers Lyon. By his mar-
riage Mr. Lyon gained the life compan-
ionship of a charming and congenial
woman, one fitted by native refinement, a
bright mind and thorough education for
her exacting duties as a leader in the
social circles of Pittsburgh. Mr. Lyon is
devoted to his home and family, passing
his happiest hours at his own fireside.

670

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

WELSH, Judson Perry,

Distinguished Educator.

The Welsh family of Pennsylvania
were among the early Swedish and Eng-
lish settlers along the Delaware River
in Colonial times. One branch, consist-
ing of Samuel, William and John Welsh,
were sons of John Welsh, who removed
from the State of Delaware to Philadel-
phia in 1786, and were noted merchants
in Philadelphia, one of whom, John
Welsh, was appointed Minister to Eng-
land, October 30, 1877, by President
Hayes. Another branch, probably of
the same family, appears to have been
domiciled in Columbia county, Pennsyl-
vania, early in the nineteenth century.
The ancestor of this branch was John
Welsh, who went from Hunterdon
county. New Jersey, to Columbia county,
Pennsylvania, probably as early as 1800.
He had a son, Abner Welsh, who was
born in 1807, in Columbia county, Penn-
sylvania, and died in 1894, in the same
county, who married Mary Kline, daugh-
ter of Mathias and Mary (Hart) Kline,
in Columbia county, Pennsylvania.

Judson Perry Welsh, son of Abner
and Mary (Kline) Welsh, was born Au-
gust 13, 1857, near Orangeville, Colum-
bia county, Pennsylvania. He received
elementary instruction in the public
schools of his native county, and gradu-
ated from the Orangeville Academy,
Orangeville, Pennsylvania, in 1874. He
attended the State Normal School at
Bloomsburg, Columbia county, until
1876, and then graduated from Lafayette
College at Easton, Pennsylvania, A.B.,
in 1882; A.M. in 1884; and Ph.D. in
1890; also received the honorary degree
of D.Sc. from Lafayette College in 1907,
and the LL.D. honorary from Temple
University of Philadelphia in 1908. The
honorary degree of D.Sc. was conferred
upon Professor Judson Perry Welsh,
Governor Charles P. Hughes, of New

York, and Professor Muensterberg, of
Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachu-
setts, in 1907, upon the occasion of the
celebration of the seventy-fifth anniver-
sary of the founding of Lafayette Col-
lege, Pennsylvania.

He was Professor of English at the
State Normal School of West Chester,
in Chester county, Pennsylvania, from
1882 to 1890, and vice-principal of the
same institution from 1885 to 1890. He
was principal of the Bloomsburg, Penn-
sylvania, State Normal School, in Co-
lumbia county, Pennsylvania, for sixteen
years, from 1890 to 1906, and from 1906
to 1908 was vice-president and acting
president and financial agent of the Penn-
sylvania State College, at State College,
Pennsylvania. He rendered a signal
service to higher education in the State
of Pennsylvania by a reorganization of
the State Agricultural College of Penn-
sylvania, and from 1908 to 191 1 was dean
of the Pennsylvania State Agricultural
College, at State College, Pennsylvania.

In commenting on the fitness of Pro-
fessor Welsh for the last named posi-
tion, Hon. Ellis L. Orvis, of Bellefonte,
Pennsylvania, made the following state-
ments to the committee having the ap-
pointment in charge, to wit:

As a member of the executive committee of
the board of trustees of the State College, I was
compelled to carefully watch his administration,
especially as Acting President. I cannot con-
ceive of one filling that most trying and exact-
ing position, with its peculiar embarrassments,
with greater ability, fidelity and success. Not
only has Dr. Welsh shown his pre-eminent fit-
ness for the presidency of a higher collegiate in-
stitution, but he has had long years of prelim-
inary training in the direct supervision of pri-
mary and normal education. When he took
charge the student body was insubordinate, the
fiscal management involved and very unsatisfac-
tory, and members of the faculty discouraged.
In addition he was obliged to meet at once ques-
tions of the gravest character, growing out of
the lack of central authority succeeding the
death of Dr. Atherton; and all of these prob-
lems he solved quickly and with unusual ability.

671

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

On July lo, 1883, he married Alma
Sager, daughter of Mahlon and Sarah
(Hobensack) Sager, at Hartsville, Penn-
sylvania. She was born December,
1855, in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and
is the mother of four children, namely:
I. Robert Welsh, who died in infancy. 2.
Frederick Sager Welsh, born October,
1887, at the Sager homestead in Chester
county, Pennsylvania. He attended the
public schools, and prepared for college
at the Bloomsburg Normal College, in
Columbia county, where his father
taught ; he entered Lafayette College in
1903, from which he graduated, A.B., in
1907. He then took a course at the Agri-
cultural College, crowding the four years'
work into three, and graduated in 1910.
In 191 1 he was appointed agriculturist of
the New York Central Railroad Com-
pany, which position he continues to fill.
He married Alice Reed, in 1912, daugh-
ter of John Reed, of Washington, Penn-
sylvania. 3. Eleanor Frances Welsh,
born in 1892, at Bloomsburg, Columbia
county, Pennsylvania. She received in-
struction in the public schools, and at-
tended Smith College at Northampton,
IMassachusetts, from which she gradu-
ated in 1913, since which time she has
been teacher of English in the High
School at Ridgewood, New Jersey. 4.
Gertrude Atkinson Welsh, born in 1894,
at Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania ; was edu-
cated in the public schools, and at the
\\'est Chester, Pennsylvania, State Nor-
mal School, from which she graduated
in 191 1. She then taught school one
year, and in 1912 became a student at
Smith College, Northampton, Massachu-
setts, and returned to teaching in 1913,
occupying a position in the public
schools of Kearny, New Jersey.

Dr. Welsh is a distinguished educator
and man of letters, whose experience
covers a wide range of service. He has
written many articles on educational and
agricultural subjects, for publication in

magazines, in connection with his work
at the Pennsylvania Agricultural Col-
lege ; and since that time also has written
articles on English and Pedagogy, pub-
lished in the educational magazines. He
is the author of a "Practical English
Grammar," published in 1887 ; and of
"Elements of English Grammar," pub-
lished in 1891.

In 191 2 he became president and di-
rector of the Southern Nut and Fruit
Company, of New York ; and now re-
sides in New York City. He has es-
chewed social clubs, but is an Independ-
ent Republican in politics, and a devout
Presbyterian in religious belief; also a
contributor to current periodical litera-
ture. He is a member of the Pennsyl-
vania Society of New York City ; Na-
tional Educational Association ; the
American Guernsey Cattle Club ; etc.

DORAN, Joseph I.,

Railroad and Corporation Lavryer.

The little country of Ireland sent many
worthy representatives to the new world
in the early period of colonization and
the great Keystone state received its
quota. They crossed the Atlantic and
here laid broad and deep the foundation
for the future development and prosper-
ity of the state as it now exists.

Michael Doran, the pioneer ancestor of
the branch of the family here under con-
sideration, was a resident of Mountrath,
Queens county, Ireland, from whence he
emigrated to this country, arriving in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 5,
1795. He became a prominent linen mer-
chant in that city, and resided there until
his death. He was a man of energy and
enterprise, public-spirited, and took a
deep interest in whatever tended to per-
manently benefit the community. He
married, prior to his emigration to this
country, Mary Lalor, of Kings county,

672

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J. S^c^r^^t^

y

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Ireland, and among their children was
Joseph Michael, of whom further.

Joseph Michael Doran, a son of
Michael and Mary (Lalor) Doran, was
born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, No-
vember lo, 1800, died there June 6, 1859,
and his remains were interred in St.
Mary's Roman Catholic Churchyard,
Philadelphia. After completing his com-
mon school course he became a student
in the University of Pennsylvania, grad-
uating therefrom in the class of 182a.
Having decided to adopt law as his pro-
fession, he entered the office of Hon. Jo-
seph Reed Ingersoll, and under his com-
petent preceptorship was prepared for
admission to the bar, being admitted as a
member of the Philadelphia bar, April 3,
1824. He at once engaged in the active
practice of his chosen calling, and gained
prominence therein, owing to the fact
that he possessed all the attributes of a
successful lawyer, integrity of character,
the judicial instinct and a rare apprecia-
tion of the two sides of every question.
In 1835 he was appointed solicitor of the
District of Southwark ; in 1837 a mem-
ber of the Constitutional Convention ;
president of Repeal Association of Phila-
delphia, and from 1840 to 1843 was Judge
of Court of General Sessions, of Philadel-
phia. He married, December 15, 1830, at
St. George's Methodist Episcopal Church,
Philadelphia, Ann Luker, daughter of
Rev. Griffin and Susan (Luker) Calla-
han, the former of whom was a popular
minister of the Methodist Episcopal
church. Mrs. Doran died April 30, 1883,
and was buried by the side of her hus-
band. Children of Mr. and Mrs. Doran:
Alice Lalor, born February 28, 1842, died
February 10, 1861 ; Joseph Ingersoll, of
whom further; Virginia, born April g,
1846, died March 18, 1857; John Ashley,
born March 23, 1848, died December 31,
1855 ; four other children died in infancy.
Joseph Ingersoll Doran, a son of Jo-
seph Michael and Ann Luker (Calla-

han) Doran, was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, January 17, 1844. He re-
ceived a thorough knowledge of the rudi-
mentary branches by attendance at pri-
vate schools in his native city, the prin-
cipal one being the school conducted by
John W. Faires, under whose guidance
he was prepared for entrance in the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, where he was a
student for a short period of time. In
the latter part of the year i860 he ac-
cepted a clerkship in the office of John
C. Bulitt, a prominent lawyer of Phila-
delphia, and subsequently he studied law
under his instruction. He was admitted
as a member of the Philadelphia bar in
April, 1865, and in 1867 to practice in the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. He de-
voted his attention principally to railroad
and corporation law, in which he is con-
sidered an authority, having given that
branch particular study, and he received
the appointment of general solicitor for
the Norfolk & Western Railroad Com-
pany at its organization, serving in that
capacity with that railroad company and
its successor company, the Norfolk &
Western Railway Company, of which
last named company he is now general
counsel. He is thoroughly versed in the
law and he has gained a standing in his
profession that places him among the
acknowledged leaders of the Philadelphia
bar. Although his time is so thoroughly
occupied with professional duties, Mr.
Doran is not oblivious of other pressing
needs, giving of his time and thought to
subjects which will be of benefit and in-
terest to his fellow men. In 1876 he read
a paper before the American Social Sci-
ence Convention on "Building Associa-
tions," which was extensively commented
upon. In 1888 he published a pamphlet
on "Our Fishery Rights in the North
Atlantic," which showed that he had
given the subject considerable careful
thought and attention, and which re-

673

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ceived favorable criticism in several of
the leading papers of the day.

Mr. Doran married, December 12, 1876,
Ida Warner Erwin, born May 14, 1851,
daughter of Joseph Warner and Caroline
A. (Borden) Erwin, of Philadelphia,
granddaughter on the paternal side of
Henry and Rebecca Ashton (Warner)
Erwin, and on the maternal side of Sam-
uel and Catharine D. (Upjohn) Borden,
and a lineal descendant of John Warner,
of Blockley, Worcestershire, England,
through his son, William Warner, first
settler of Blockley, West Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. Children of Mr. and Mrs.
Doran: i. Marie Louise, born September
16, 1877, married, April 28, 1903, John
Williams, of Rosemont, Pennsylvania,
and their children are: Louise Erwin,
born February 17, 1904; Fredericka, born
August 23, 1905 ; Josephine Williams,
born November 23, 1906; Joseph Doran
Williams, born August 9, 1910; John
Williams, Jr., born December 31, 1912.
2. Joseph Erwin, born November i, 1878,
died February 24, 1887. 3. Alice Therese,
born March 16, 1881. 4. John Henry,
born May 31, 1883, married, March 26,
1913, Ruth Conyngham Fuller, of
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 5. Caroline
Borden, born September 24, 1884, mar-
ried, March 24, 1913, Robert E. Lee
George, of Baltimore, Maryland. 6. Jo-
sephine Lalor, born March 31, 1886. 7.
Warner Erwin, born December 18, 1887.
Mr. Doran, through his mother, is a
lineal descendant of Sir George Yeardley,
or Yardley, Governor and Captain Gen-
eral of Virginia, 1619-1627, and of his
son, Col. Argall Yardley, who married
Ann Custis. The Yardley family, three
representatives of which settled in Amer-
ica, was a very ancient and honored one
in County Stafford, England, and is
spoken of in "Patronymica Brittanica"
as one of the ancient families of Stafford-
shire, whose heads were called "Lords
of Yardley." Their coats-of-arms were :

"Argent on a chevron azure three garbs
or, on a canton gules, a fret or," and
their crest: "A buck, courant, gu. at-
tired or."

STONE, Rufus Barrett,

Prominent Iiairyer, Man of Affairs.

Rufus Barrett Stone, of Revolutionary
ancestry, was born in Groton, Massa-
chusetts, November 24, 1847, and was
educated at Lawrence Academy and Wil-
liams College. Too young to enlist in
the Civil War, at its close he was a pri-
vate in Company B of the "Bloody
Sixth" Massachusetts Regiment, which
marched through the hostile streets of
Baltimore April 19, 1861, in time to save
the national capital. He was engaged in
the U. S. Internal Revenue Service in
Mississippi, raided illicit distilleries, and
took part in reconstruction of govern-
ment under United States military ad-
ministration. He was admitted to the
practice of law in the lower and higher
courts of Mississippi ; appointed Chan-
cellor of the 17th Chancery District of
that State ; commissioned lieutenant-colo-
nel in the Mississippi Volunteer Militia ;.
had temporary editorial charge of the
"Prairie News" and "Mississippi Pilot,"
of which the latter was the leading ad-
ministration daily at the capital.

He was married, April 18, 1872, at
Newark, New Jersey, to Margaret Sarah
Baldwin, daughter of Rev. Burr Bald-
win, of Connecticut ancestry. In 1876,
when twenty-nine years of age, he re-
moved to Bradford, McKean county,
Pennsylvania, where he has since re-
sided. He was admitted to practice in
the lower and higher courts of Pennsyl-
vania, and in the district, circuit and Su-
preme Courts of the United States, and
his practice has been of wide range. He
has argued cases in other counties as
well as in his own, in Potter, Warren,
Elk, Jefferson, Armstrong, Indiana,,

674

i-d^^

f^^y\m^^rL9:^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Westmoreland, Washington, Allegheny
and Philadelphia, and has occasionally
been engaged in litigation in Ohio, West
Virginia, New York, and other States.
Having formed a law partnership with
A. Leo. Weil, the firm opened a law office
in Pittsburgh, but Mr. Stone found it
impracticable to remove from Bradford,
and later became senior member of the
firm of Stone, Brown & Sturgeon. He
has represented oil producers in oral and
written argument before legislative com-
missions, against the taxation of oil ; also
in the preparation and advocacy of legis-
lation to prevent forest fires, and in like
manner has advanced legislation concern-
ing the schools, public libraries and the
juvenile court. With Eben Brewer he
founded the "Bradford Evening Star" in
1879, and was for a time its sole proprie-
tor. Its support of the present gravity
system of water works of the city of
Bradford in opposition to the Holly sys-
tem was decisive. The first publication
in the region to take up the advantages
of its hills and valleys in respect to horti-
culture and grazing was the weekly edi-
tion of "The Star," in which Mr. Stone
personally conducted an agricultural de-
partment devoted to the particular con-
ditions and needs of this section.

He promoted the organization of the
Bradford, Smethport & DeGolier rail-
road, which, by contract with the B. B.
& K. railroad, compelled the construction
of a branch which ensured through serv-
ice from Bradford to the county seat. He
successfully conducted the impeachment
of a member of the city council for
bribery. He urged the organization and
procured the incorporation of the Brad-
ford Board of Trade, Bradford Hos-
pital, Carnegie Public Library, McKean
County Historical Society, and Common-
wealth Humane Society. He procured
the incorporation of the Beacon Light
Mission, and, in trust with others, holds
title to its property in which the McKean

County Children's Home is now main-
tained. For many years he served by
unanimous election as president of the
Board of Trade. During his successive
terms as president and director, a con-
siderable number of manufacturing in-
dustries were established through the ef-
forts of the Board.

Prior to 1912 he was an adherent of
the Republican party, often speaking in
its behalf, and serving its organization in
representative and official capacities, but
the Progressive movement attracted him,
and he took an active part in its local
organization, and was called into its
speaking campaign. In business life he
has served as president of various oil,
gas and mining companies. He was for
twenty years president of the Conemaugh
Gas Company, having a capital of $300,-
000, and was for a time also the active
superintendent of its extensive business
in the production and distribution of
natural gas.

For thirty-two years, by appointment
of successive Governors of both political
parties, he has served as a member and
for a time as president of the board of
trustees of the State Hospital at War-
ren. Observing that the number of tax-
ables in the basis upon which the State
School Fund was apportioned was unfair
to the sparsely settled and growing coun-
ties where the district tax rates were
high and State aid therefore most needed,
he interceded with the Code Commission,
backed by the McKean County Di-
rectors' Association, to omit the number
of taxables as a factor, and it was finally
omitted from the new School Code.

Mr. Stone was the first president of the
McKean County Historical Society, and
has made valuable contributions to the
early history of the city and county. His
address at the dedication of the boulder
at Smethport, commemorating General
Brodhead's expedition up the Allegheny
in 1779, has been repeated by invitation

675

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

at Bradford, Kane and Glean, and before
the Historical Society of Warren County
and the Chautauqua Society of History
and Natural Science. He has served as
president of the Commonwealth Humane
Society for many years. His interest in
the protection of children and of the
aged and of dumb animals began long
before the enactment of the present
Juvenile Law. The current manual of
the Society prepared by him has re-
ceived commendations from high author-
ity. It contains the results of his thought
and experience regarding defective and
mistreated children. He holds that
"The public right does not rest alone
upon merciful or other sentimental
grounds, nor, in other words, upon the
prevention of suffering merely for hu-
manity's sake. The State has a right to
conserve its manhood and womanhood
from infancy to old age for the sake of a
better citizenship. Besides, there are
economic considerations which warrant
the State in staying the hand which
would stunt or waste by neglect or
cruelty the physical or moral nature of
the child, and throw it back, sooner or
later, upon public institutions for sup-
port."

While Mr. Stone's residence is in the
city of Bradford, he has a picturesque
summer home and small farm nine miles
distant in the Otto hills, 2,300 feet above
sea level, accessible by the electric cars
of the Rock City division of the Western
New York & Pennsylvania Traction
Company.

FREYMAN, William G.,

Soldier, I<awyer, Financier.

William G. Freyman, attorney at law,
Mauch Chunk, and a leading member of
the Carbon county bar, has figured prom-
inently in public affairs in that section,
not only as a representative of his pro-
fession, but also in other circles of the

city. He is well fitted for leadership, and
in molding public thought and feeling
has labored for the substantial advance-
ment and progress of the community.
On both sides of his family he is of Ger-
man descent, but all of his grandparents
were natives of Northampton county,
Pennsylvania.

George Freyman, his father, was a
farmer, carpenter and merchant, and died
in Carbon county. He was the son of Ja-
cob Freyman, and married Catherine,
daughter of John Kistler. Both Mr. and
Mrs. Freyman were natives of Pennsyl-
vania.

William G. Freyman was born in Ma-
honing township, Carbon county, Penn-
sylvania, July 4, 1838. Possibly the fact
that his birthday coincided with that of
the nation influenced him, but it is indis-
putable that Mr. Freyman is of an un-
usually patriotic nature. He was edu-
cated in the public schools of his native
county, and was a remarkably earnest
and assiduous student. Upon the com-
pletion of this portion of his education,
he taught school for five terms. The
Civil War aroused all his patriotism, and
he enlisted and served as an orderly ser-
geant of Company G, 176th Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. After
his discharge from this company he was
commissioned lieutenant and recruited a
company, but the war had been ended be-
fore this was mustered into service, and
Mr. Freyman returned to his home.
During a period of twelve years Mr.
Freyman was occupied as a surveyor and
civil engineer, and a part of this time was
devoted to mercantile affairs. He en-
gaged in the study of law under the pre-
ceptorship of General Charles Albright,
at Mauch Chunk, and at the expiration of
two years of close study, 1873, was ad-
mitted to the bar. General Albright im-
mediately admitted him to a partnership,
the firm name being Albright & Freyman,
and this was only dissolved by the death

676

o-ci/^yy^hd--'

'f

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of General Albright in 1880. Many cele-
brated cases were handled by this firm,
among them being the Molly Maguire
trials. Mr. Freyman then practiced alone
for some years, but finding it impossible
to cope alone with the immense number
of cases which were entrusted to him,
he admitted James Keifer, who had been
a student in his office, to a partnership,
the firm becoming known as Freyman &
Keifer. Five years later another change
was made when Horace Heydt, another
student in the office, was also admitted
to the firm. The firm practiced under
the style of Freyman & Heydt until the
admission of Eugene O. Nothstein, a
nephew of Mr. Freyman, the firm name
being changed to read Freyman, Heydt
& Nothstein. In September, 1901, Mr.
Heydt was appointed President Judge by
the governor, and the firm name was
then changed to read Freyman & Noth-
stein, and this was dissolved by the death
of Mr. Nothstein in April, 1912. Mr.
Freyman then, on account of the large
and growing practice, admitted to a part-
nership W. G. Thomas and Benjamin
Branch, two enterprising attorneys, and
the firm name was once more changed,
this time assuming its present form of
Freyman, Thomas & Branch. Many im-
portant cases have been conducted by the
firm of which Mr. Freyman is the senior
partner, and especial attention has been
given to litigation involving original land
titles. Active in Republican interests,
I\Ir. Freyman, however, has never sought
nor desired public office. He is attorney
for a number of corporations, a director
of the Prince Manufacturing Company,
and vice-president of the Mauch Chunk
Trust Company.

Mr. Freyman is also interested in a
number of enterprises, among them the
mining and manufacturing of paint, and
owning several farms. Some years ago
he purchased a portion of the mountain
side behind and above his residence, com-

menced to terrace it and now has a beau-
tiful and productive garden on what was
a barren and unsightly waste. There are
about two dozen of these terraces, and
they are approached by three hundred
and fifty-three steps which connect them
with each other. The upper terrace is
about two hundred feet higher than the
street level, and about fifty feet below
this an arbor is located which commands
a magnificent view of the town in both
directions. Flowers, fruits and vegeta-
bles of all kinds are cultivated here with
a maximum amount of success. The gar-
den is unique in its location, and is won-
derfully charming. Strangers visiting
the town regard it with feelings of curi-
osity, and just behind the fence, which
is its uppermost boundary, runs the fa-
mous "Switch Back," to which thou-
sands of people are annually attracted
Mr. Freyman is of broad-minded and lib-
eral views, and many have been benefited
by his large-hearted generosity.

Mr. Freyman married, 1865, Matilda,
daughter of George Gilbert, an enterpris-
ing farmer of Mahoning township. Car-
bon county. They have no children.

GOBBLE, Aaron E.,

Clergyman, Educator, Philanthropist.

Dr. Aaron Ezra Gobble, of Meyers-
town, Pennsylvania, comes of a thrifty
Germany family which has been settled
in America since before the Revolution.
The famil}^ has been in America for at
least five generations, and its original
home in Europe is not remembered. He
is the oldest child of Samuel and Sarah
(Willaman) Gobble. Five weeks after his
birth, his parents removed to the old
Willaman homestead, about three miles
from Spring Mills, Center county. Penn-
sylvania, although they had formerly
lived in Penn township. Center county,
and here Aaron Ezra Gobble was born,
two miles west of the borough of Mill-

677

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

heim, February 14, 1856. His parents
were farmers, and he was brought up on
the farm, receiving his early education in
the public schools of Gregg township.
Center county. But he manifested, at an
early age, a distaste for farming, and was
also not strong enough for it. From the
public school he went to Penn Hall
Academy, now Spring Mills Academy. In
1871 he began teaching, though he was
not yet sixteen years old. For four years
he taught in the winters, and attended
the academy in the summers. He was
preparing himself for college, but kept
this fact a secret, fearing parental oppo-
sition. His parents suspected his pur-
pose before he announced it, but did not
oppose his desire. In 1876 he entered
the sophomore class of Franklin and
Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsyl-
vania, and he was graduated therefrom
in 1879 with the degree of Bachelor of
Arts. Three years later he received from
the same college the degree of Master of
Arts. In August, 1879, he went to Union
Seminary, New Berlin, Union county,
Pennsylvania, as Professor of Latin and
Greek.

From the first of the following year un-
til June, 1887, he was principal of Union
Seminary. This institution was then not
incorporated and had no regular course
of study, the students taking such studies
as they pleased. Under Professor Gob-
ble's administration a systematic course
of study was arranged. A charter was
obtained in September, 1880. The main
building was enlarged during his term,
and a considerable endowment fund was
obtained. Finally the charter rights were
extended so as to give full collegiate
privileges. The name was changed to
Central Pennsylvania College, and the
degree of Bachelor of Arts was first con-
ferred in June, 1887. Central Pennsyl-
vania College is in the northern part of
New Berlin, and here Professor Gobble
remained as president till June, 1902.

From that time to the present, 1913, he
has been Professor of Latin and Hebrew
at Albright College, Myerstown, Lebanon
county, Pennsylvania.

In 1872 Aaron Ezra Gobble was li-
censed to preach in the United Evangeli-
cal church. Ten years later he was or-
dained a deacon, and in 1885 an elder. In
1892 he received from Lebanon Valley
College the degree of Doctor of Divinity.
Dr. Gobble often lectures and preaches,
in addition to his work at Albright Col-
lege. He is a trustee of the Charitable
Society of the United Evangelical
Church, and was for four years secre-
tary for Pennsylvania of the American
Society of Religious Education.

Dr. Gobble is active also in both politi-
cal and fraternal life. He is a member of
Theta Chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa
fraternity of Franklin and Marshall Col-
lege, also of the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, LTnion Lodge, of which he
is a past grand. He served as district
deputy grand master for Union county in
1899-1900. He is a member of the Classi-
cal Association of the Atlantic States.
He is also a trustee and treasurer of
E. S. Beshore, Incorporated, manufac-
turing a cure for dandruff. While he is
a Democrat in politics, he often supports
the candidates of the Prohibitionist
party. From 1887 to 1893 he was school
director at New Berlin, and from 1897
to 1900 he was chief burgess of the bor-
ough of New Berlin. By appointment of
the judge, he held this latter oflice again
from June, 1901, to August, 1902. Dr.
Gobble is a man respected in his own
community, and of recognized standing
in educational circles. He is keenly in-
terested in his double work as teacher
and preacher.

He married, at Pottsville, Pennsyl-
vania, June 27, 1882, Katharine, daugh-
ter of William and Katharine Krauskop;
her father and mother came to the United
States from Hohan Sohms, Kreitz Weitz-

678

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ler, Prussia, in 1845. To this union two
children have been born, Paul Seibert,
April 25, 1886, and Sarah Grace, Novem-
ber 10, 1889. Their son, however, died
November 13, 1887.

LINDNER, John,

Mannf actnrer, Public Benefactor.

The name which during the last few
years has been most in the thoughts of
every loyal citizen of Carlisle is that of
John Lindner, president of the Lindner
Shoe Company, and donor of a park, rich
in natural beauty and historic interest,
the dedication of which marks an epoch
in the annals of his home city. Mr.
Lindner is a representative of one of
those families of German origin which
have given to Pennsylvania so large a
number of her most prominent, enterpris-
ing and public-spirited citizens.

Henry Lindner, grandfather of John
Lindner, of Carlisle, was a native and life-
long resident of Reidenhausen, Franken,
Germany, and during all his active years
had charge of the postal service of the
province. His wife Elizabeth, like him-
self, was a native of Reidenhausen, and
they were the parents of a son, John,
mentioned below.

John Lindner, son of Henry and Eliz-
abeth Lindner, was born in 1820, in Reid-
enhausen, and received his education in
the private schools of his native town.
Upon completing his studies he entered
the service of his father in the capacity
of clerk, and in course of time rose to
be treasurer in the firm of Henry Lind-
ner, of Beikeburg, a position which he
filled until 1848, when he emigrated to
the United- States. He settled in New-
ark, New Jersey, where he engaged with
great success in the manufacture of cloth-
ing. Mr. Lindner married, in 1848, short-
ly before coming to this country, Sophia
M., daughter of Adolph Darmhurst, of
Beikeburg, and three children were born

to them: Frederick William, of Louis-
ville, Kentucky; Elizabeth B., wife of
Frederick Heilman, of Waltham, Massa-
chusetts ; and John, mentioned below.

John Lindner, son of John and Sophia
M. (Darmhurst) Lindner, was born in
1859 in Newark, New Jersey, in the house
which has been the home of his parents
ever since they came to the United States.
He received his education in the public
schools of his native city and in the New
Jersey Business College. After complet-
ing his course of study he entered the
service of Banister & Tichner, shoe manu-
facturers, Newark, with whom he ac-
quired thorough knowledge of the busi-
ness. In 1882 he associated himself with
Reynolds Brothers, shoe manufacturers,
of Utica, New York, and by dint of ap-
plication and ability speedily rose to the
position of manager, in six years becom-
ing superintendent of the firm of G. W.
Neidich & Company, of Carlisle, and in
three years, by his superior ability, in-
creasing the output of the factory seven-
fold, making it one of the largest and
most profitable plants of its kind in the
United States.

In 1891 Mr. Lindner organized and in-
corporated the Lindner Shoe Company
of Carlisle, of which he has ever since
been the enterprising and sagacious head.
A suitable building was erected at the
western end of the city, constructed to
accommodate two hundred and fifty
operatives, but in a very short time the
rapid growth of the business caused the
force to be increased five-fold, and the
building was correspondingly enlarged.
It is now a structure four hundred and
thirty feet long, two hundred and twenty-
five feet wide and three stories high, and
is a scene of incessant industrial activity.
In January, 1893, the capital stock of the
company was $50,000, and in 1905 was
increased to $250,000. The factory is a
model of its kind, two large additions
making it the most extensive in the

6/9

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

United States for the manufacture of
women's shoes. It is constructed and
arranged to facilitate the output and at
the same time conserve the health and
comfort of the employees. Equipped
with the most modern machinery and
complete in every department and detail,
it has a capacity to produce annually
more than $3,000,000 worth of these fine
shoes, which are sent to all parts of the
country. It is by far the largest manu-
facturing enterprise in Carlisle, employ-
ing the most labor and bringing from a
distance and distributing among her
citizens more money than other agen-
cies of any kind whatever. Its very ex-
istence proclaims its presiding genius to
be what he is — a splendid type of the
alert, energetic, progressive business man.

In 1902 Mr. Lindner engaged in flori-
culture on a large scale, purchasing land
in the western part of the city, and erect-
ing upon it the largest and finest green-
houses ever built in this part of Penn-
sylvania. Thoroughly modern and of
magnificent size, they require more than
seventy thousand square feet of glass to
cover them. Fronting these greenhouses,
and bordering on West Louther street,
he has laid out a beautiful public park
of artistic design, adorned with shrub-
bery, plants and flowers, and planted
with every species of tree known to the
Cumberland Valley. During one summer
Saturday evening concerts were provid-
ed for the public by the liberality of the
donor of the park, and both park and
greenhouses are thrown open to the chil-
dren of the public schools. The students
of Dickinson College and those of the
Indian Training School are also welcome,
and those interested in the mysteries of
plant life are given the use of apparatus
and standard works on botany. The park
is the centre of a beautiful residence sec-
tion, and constitutes a source of pleasure
and refreshment to many.

Deeply interested in the prosperity of

his home city and in the welfare of his
neighbors, Mr. Lindner is often the lead-
er in efforts to promote the public good.
He takes a personal interest in all that
concerns his employees, both contri-
buting to and sharing in their pleasures.
For a number of years he annually gave
his entire force a day's outing, with
means of enjoyment, refreshments and
music. He frequently makes contribu-
tions to the local institutions of learn-
ing, and quietly does much to encourage
science and the arts. He is a Republican
in politics, and at one time served as a
member of the Borough Council of Car-
lisle, was elected its president, and was
re-elected at the expiration of his term
and again in 1903, on both occasions
meeting with no opposition. He was one
of the organizers of the Board of Trade
and has ever since served as its presi-
dent.

Among the organizations with which
Mr. Lindner is affiliated are the follow-
ing: National Association of Manufac-
turers ; Shoe Manufacturers' Association
of Pennsylvania; National Trade Ex-
change ; National Federation of Civics ;
State Forestry Association; Manufactur-
ers' Club of Philadelphia, and the Hamil-
ton Library Association of Carlisle. He
is a director of the Franklin Institute,
member of the International Peace
Forum, the New York Peace Society, and
the Republican Club of New York City.
In religious belief he is a Lutheran, con-
tributing liberally to that church and to
Christian charities generally.

Mr. Lindner married, in 1884, Matilda
B., daughter of C. W. and Matilda B.
Metz, of Utica, New York, and they are
the parents of one son : John Austin Lind-
ner. The Lindner home, the abode, as it
is, of culture, comfort and refinement, is
one of the most attractive in the city,
and there, surrounded by all that can
minister to a literary and artistic taste,
the master finds repose from the cares

680

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of an incessantly strenuous life. The
summer home of Mr. Lindner, just out-
side of Carlisle, is an estate of over nine
hundred acres, including several farms.
He has over one hundred acres in wood-
land, and is planting two hundred acres
more in forest, being greatly interested
in re-forestry projects. The situation is
elevated, and the grounds are beautifully
laid out, with tanbark walks, winding
drives and concrete steps leading from
one terrace to another. The place over-
looks a small river and commands a view
of charming scenery. Here and there
Italian gardens attract the eye and wind-
ing vistas seem like avenues of enchant-
ment. In the centre of the grove on the
hill stands a beautiful bungalow with
spacious porches and large rooms, an ar-
tistic picture of restful and luxurious
comfort. Everything about the place
shows the love of the unconventional
and presents that appearance of perfect
naturalness always so difficult to repro-
duce. One of the attractions is a very
fine golf course, Mr. Lindner being a
devotee of this popular game.

The formal dedication of Lindner Park
took place October 17, 1910, the exercises
being conducted under the auspices of
Captain Colwell Post, Grand Army of the
Republic. This was peculiarly appro-
priate in view of the fact that the gift
of the park to the city was accompanied
by the presentation of two historic can-
non, the guns which opened the battle
of Manila Harbor, and were the only ones
that did any damage to the American
navy. They are known as "the great
trophy gfuns," and were captured by Cap-
tain (now Admiral) Lamberton, who was
sent ashore by Admiral Dewey to de-
mand the surrender of the city. Three
years later Captain John Colwell, being
at Manila, saw the end of one of the guns
protruding from the sand and had it dug
up, in doing so discovered the other.
Admiral Lamberton and Captain Colwell,

by tlie way, are both "Carlisle boys." To
obtain the cannon and have them trans-
ported half-way around the world to find
a permanent resting place in old Carlisle
was no light task, but Mr. Lindner un-
dertook it, and, with the aid of Admiral
Lamberton, Captain Colwell and other
influential and patriotic citizens, accom-
plished it.

On the occasion of the dedication the
parade was extremely fine, and the throng
assembled one of the largest ever wit-
nessed in the history of Carlisle. Mr.
Lindner, in a few well-chosen words, pre-
sented the transfer papers of the park
and trophy guns to the Grand Army of
the Republic and the city of Carlisle, and
a very able and eloquent presentation
speech was made by A. G. Miller, Esq.,
who said, in opening: "The ceremonies
which we have been called together to
participate in will mark a new epoch in
the annals of Carlisle." The speech of
acceptance was ably delivered by Hon.
Fillmore Maust, who said, in part: "This
is 'Lindner Day.' . . . He [Mr. Lind-
ner] has here provided for the pleasure
and recreation of our people a 'beauty
spot' — a park worthy of his generous and
philanthropic impulse, and worthy of the
dignity and character of Carlisle." Mr.
Maust spoke eloquently and appropriate-
ly of the old flag borne aloft by Comrade
Philip U. Kuhns, saying it was the first
flag that went out of Carlisle to pass
through Baltimore as representing the
Union army, and that it was borne by
the same man who held it on this occa-
sion. The speech of acceptance on the
part of the borough was made by Dun-
can ]\I. Graham, Esq., borough solicitor,
who said, in speaking of Mr. Lindner:
" . . . the generous donor of this
beautiful park has had many hours of
delight in planning in imagination what
has now become the concrete expression
of his personal happiness, which he now
transmits to others. It was this thought

681

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

that inspired the tribute to Sir Christo-
pher Wren, the gifted architect who re-
built St. Paul's Cathedral, London, in the
classic epitaph, 'Si monumentum quaeris,
circumspice' — 'If you would behold his
monument, look about you.' In Lindner
Park will be perpetuated for all time the
generous impulse, the progressive spirit,
the kindly heart, the artistic conception
of the man who planned and wrought for
it — John Lindner."

Greatly as Mr. Lindner has increased
the material prosperity of his home city,
it is an indisputable fact that the noble
park which bears his name will consti-
tute his most lasting memorial. The
tides of commerce ebb and flow, profits
that are won to-day may be lost to-mor-
row, but for countless years the lofty
trees and green glades of Lindner Park
will afiford rest and recreation to weary
city-dwellers, and the sight of the great
guns, memorials of one of our proudest
naval victories, will inspire sentiments of
patriotism in the breasts of future gen-
erations.

BOWSER, Sylvester P.,

Iiaivyer, School Official.

Sylvester F. Bowser was born in the
year 1848, in Manor township, Arm-
strong county, Pennsylvania, son of
Matthias and Margaret Bowser, his fa-
ther of French and German extraction
and the latter of Welsh and Holland
Dutch ancestry. They lived on their
own farm in Armstrong county, near Kit-
tanning, the county seat, which Mr.
Bowser, Sr., cleared from the forest.

Sylvester F. Bowser grew to youthful
manhod at the home farm ; of strong and
rugged manhood, he early took his place
upon the farm as a substantial aid in the
clearing out of the forests and in the
various employments incident to agricul-
ture, where it may be said he was reared
in his early life a practical farmer. He

attended the public schools of his dis-
trict, where he enjoyed the advantages of
a thorough English education. His am-
bition for knowledge and a more liberal
education was only equalled by his de-
termination to secure them. By the light
of his candle after the day's work on the
farm, it was his custom to read and study
until late in the night with a vigor una-
bated by the toils on the farm that daily
confronted him. He had a definite fixed
purpose for the future, never lost sight
of, and realized in its full meaning that
a liberal education was not only a means
of polish, but an elemental qualification
for his chosen profession. He was a stu-
dent of the classics, literature, and the
various scientific authors and subjects
bearing upon practical education. He
taught in the public schools at the age
of seventeen years, and was appointed
principal of the graded schools of Kit-
tanning before he attained his majority,
which position he held for several years ;
during these years he continued his stud-
ies in the languages and afterwards grad-
uated at the Columbia Academy in that
place, where he delivered the Greek ora-
tion. He entered Washington and Jef-
ferson College while in his twenties, as
a classical scholar, in the junior year, and
there pursued his studies with success,
graduating with honor in the class of
1872, receiving the degree of A.B., to
which he has since added that of A.M.

Soon after his graduation Mr. Bowser
began the study of law, his chosen pro-
fession, was entered as a student in the
law ofifice of Colonel John M. Thompson,
at Butler, Pennsylvania, and was admit-
ted to the bar about the beginning of
1875; but owing to a serious illness oc-
curring soon after his admission, during
which he retired to the old home farm,
he was delayed in entering upon his prac-
tice until late in the fall of that year.

On June 27, 1876, he married Mary
Curll Young, daughter of Colonel Sam-

682

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

uel Young, editor of the "East Brady In-
dependent," and Mary W. Young, the
former of Scotch-Irish extraction, and the
latter born in Londonderry, Ireland, in
the old Armstrong Home, where her fa-
ther, John Armstrong, lived prior to his
emigration to this country. To this
union were born two children : Mary
Edna Isabel and George Franklin Bow-
ser; the latter died in the epidemic that
swept over Butler, in the winter of 1904,
and the former is still living with her
parents in their attractive home on North
Main street, Butler, Pennsylvania.

Mr. Bowser and his family are Pres-
byterians, members of the First Presby-
terian Church of Butler, Pennsylvania,
where their children were received in
their infancy, and reared in the doctrines
of this church. His politics are Repub-
lican, and while active in the interests of
his party he has never asked an office
other than that of director of public
schools, in which capacity he has served
many years, and ever upheld the institu-
tion as essential in our Republic, where
the citizen has the right of elective fran-
chise. His recreation and rest from pro-
fessional duties is in his home, to which
he devotes much attention, and in travel
with his family into different parts of his
own country, and abroad, having visited
a number of the distant sea islands and
countries of Europe.

As a lawyer Mr. Bowser enjoys the
reputation of a zealous student of the
law, uncompromising in the right as he
sees it, a man with the courage of his
convictions, and his success as an advo-
cate and lawyer has brought him a large
and lucrative practice. He has a natural
pride in his home town, its interests, in-
dustries, institutions and citizenship, of
which he never fails to speak when occa-
sion presents itself; as a man and citi-
zen he is prominent and conservative in
his views, and adheres to the holdings of
the fathers, and stands firmly against in-

novation. He believes that progress in
Church and State in its truest sense is
development in that already fitly founded,
not the introduction of something new.

THOMAS, James,

Mannfactnrer, Man of Affairs.

James Thomas, president of the Davies
& Thomas Co., Foundry and Machine
Works at Catasauqua, Pennsylvania, was
born in the city of Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania, September 22, 1836. He was a
son of Hopkin and Catharine (Richards)
Thomas, who were of an old and honora-
ble Welsh ancestry.

Hopkin Thomas (father) was born in
Glamorganshire, South Wales, in 1793.
His early education was obtained in the
public schools of the village in which he
lived. When he reached the age of six-
teen he became an apprentice in the
"Neath Abbey Works, near Neath, South
Wales, learning the trade of a machinist.
In 1834 he emigrated to the L'nited
States, landing in Philadelphia, and at
once secured employment in the Baldwin
Locomotive Works, later entering the
shops of Garrett & Eastwick. Leaving
these people, he accepted a position as
master mechanic of the roads and mines
of the Beaver Meadow Railway Com-
pany, and while serving in this ca-
pacity he displayed remarkable inventive
genius. It was through one of his inven-
tions that anthracite coal was first used
for fuel in locomotives. One type of coal
breaker was also invented by him which
is in use to the present day. Likewise
he invented and successfully used the
chilled cast-iron car-wheel, also the most
improved and successful mine pumps and
machinery of that day. In 1853 he be-
came a resident of the borough of Cata-
sauqua, and from that year until his
death. May 12, 1878, he very creditably
filled the position of master mechanic of
the Crane Iron Works.

683

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

His wife, Catharine (Richards)
Thomas, a native of Merthyr-Tydvil,
South Wales, bore him the following
named children : William R., Mary, who
became the wife of James H. McKee;
Helen, who became the wife of John
Thomas; James, hereinafter mentioned;
and Kate M., who became the wife of
James W. Fuller.

James Thomas came to Catasauqua
with his parents in 1853. In 1859 he
went to Parryville to take the superin-
tendency of the Carbon Iron Works.
Leaving there in 1871 he went to Jeffer-
son county, Alabama, and while there
held the position of general manager of
the Irondale and Eureka Iron Companies.
He enjoyed the distinction of having
made the first coke iron in Alabama. In
1879 he returned to Catasauqua and
formed a partnership with George
Davies, under the firm name of Davies &
Thomas. This firm was the outgrowth
of a small concern which was established
in 1865 by Daniel Davies. Shortly after
its establishment a copartnership was
formed with William Thomas, and in
1867 the interest of William Thomas was
purchased by George Davies, a son of
Daniel Davies. They organized under
the firm name of Daniel Davies & Son,
this firm having been in existence until
the death of Daniel Davies in 1876. In
1879 George Davies and James Thomas
combined their interests under the firm
name as given above, which continued in
existence until the death of George
Davies in 1894. The following year the
heirs of George Davies and the surviving
member, James Thomas, took out ar-
ticles of incorporation under the laws of
the State of Pennsylvania with the cor-
porate name of Davies & Thomas Com-
pany. The authorized capital stock was
two hundred thousand dollars, which was
afterward increased to three hundred
thousand dollars. The directors were
James Thomas, Rowland T. Davies,

James T. Davies, George Davies, Charles
R. Horn, Rowland D. Thomas, and Hop-
kin Thomas. The officers were James
Thomas, president; Rowland T. Davies,
vice-president ; Rowland D. Thomas, sec-
retary and treasurer; Charles R. Horn,
general sales agent ; George Davies, pur-
chasing agent. Their offices are located
at East Catasauqua, Pennsylvania, and
26 Cortlandt street. New York City. The
plant is classed with the largest in the
country conducting general foundry and
machine work. The capacity of the foun-
dry is over three hundred tons per day,
and the machine shop, blacksmith shop
and pattern shop are of the largest ca-
pacity in the Lehigh Valley, being
equipped with the modern tools for quick
and accurate work. The plant covers
more than twenty-five acres. The
product is sold throughout the United
States, Canada, South America, West In-
dies and all European countries.

Mr. Thomas was prominently identi-
fied with every enterprise calculated to
promote the prosperity of Catasauqua.
He was president of the Wahnetah Silk
Mill Company, and director of the Cata-
sauqua National Bank. Through his ef-
forts the borough secured the establish-
ment of the Electric Light and Power
Company, of which he was one of the
principal stockholders. He was a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal church,
and an adherent of the Republican party.
Taking a keen and active interest in the
cause of education, he served faithfully
and efficiently for some years as a mem-
ber of the school board. Among the po-
litical honors he had thrust upon him
might be mentioned his appointment as a
delegate to the Republican national con-
vention in Minneapolis in 1892.

James Thomas died December 18,
1906, at Catasauqua, leaving a widow and
seven children: i. Blanch T., wife of C.
R. Horn. 2. Mary, deceased. 3. Ruth,
wife of W. McKee. 4. Helen, wife of J.

684

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

L. Horenbeck. 5. Catherine Richards,
deceased. 6. R. D., resident of Catasau-
qua, director of the Wahnetah Silk Mill
Company. 7. Hopkin, hereinafter men-
tioned.

Hopkin Thomas was born in Oxmore,
Alabama, in 1876. He attended the high
school of Catasauqua, whither his par-
ents removed in 1879, ^"^ later was a stu-
dent in the Lehigh University. He was
associated in business with his father in
Catasauqua, from there was transferred
to the New York agency, remaining eight
years, after which he returned to Cata-
sauqua and is now general manager of
the company. He is affiliated with the
Methodist Episcopal church, a Progres-
sive in politics, and a member of Porter
Lodge, No. 284, Free and Accepted Ma-
sons ; Catasauqua Club ; Livingston Club.

McCORMICK, Col. Henry,

Soldier, Manufacturer.

There are certain men so eminent in
their careers and who exert so great an
influence upon the community in which
they live that their names become, so to
speak, synonymous with the cities of
which they are the glory. Such a man
was the late Colonel Henry McCormick,
of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

James McCormick, the first ancestor of
this family of whom we have any record,
was one of the signers of the "humble
address of the governors, officers, clergy
and other gentlemen of the city and gar-
rison of Londonderry" to William and
Mary, July 29, i68g, shortly after the fa-
mous siege of that stronghold of Protes-
tantism. He married, and among his chil-
dren were:- i. Hugh, born about 1695,
in the province of Ulster, Ireland. He
emigrated with his family to America,
prior to 1735, and settled in Paxtang
township, Lancaster county (now Dau-
phin), Pennsylvania. He married, and
had children: John, born 1718, married

Jean Cathay; James, born 1721, married
and had children, and probably settled
in the valley of Virginia ; Samuel, born
1723, married and had children ; Hugh,
born 1725, married Sarah Alcorn. 2.
Thomas, of whom further.

Thomas AlcCormick, son of James Mc-
Cormick, was born about the year 1702,
in the province of Ulster, Ireland, and
died about 1762, in East Pennboro, Cum-
berland county, Pennsylvania. He came
to America at the same time as his
brother Hugh, and in 1745 he and his
wife each took out a warrant for one hun-
dred acres of land in Hanover township,
then Lancaster county, Pennsylvania.
About that time or shortly afterward he
removed with his family west of the Sus-
quehanna river, locating in East Penn-
boro township, Cumberland county. He
married, in Ireland, about 1726, Eliza-
beth Carruth, born in Ireland, in 1705,
died in East Pennboro township, Janu-
ary, 1767, daughter of Adam Carruth, and
sister of Walter Carruth, both among
the early settlers of Hanover township.
Thomas and Elizabeth (Carruth) McCor-
mick had children: i. Thomas, born
1727; married Jean Oliver. 2. James (see
forward). 3. William, born 1732; mar-
ried Mar)- Wiggins. 4. Hugh, born 1735;
married Catherine Sanderson. 5. Robert,
born 1738; married Martha Sanderson.
6. Elizabeth, born 1740; married Mat-
thew Loudon.

James IMcCormick, second son and
child of Thomas and Elizabeth (Carruth)
McCormick, was born about 1729, in the
province of Ulster, Ireland, died in East
Pennboro township, Cumberland county,
Pennsylvania, in 1802, and his remains
were interred in the Silver Springs
churchyard. After his arrival in this
country his entire life was spent on the
old homestead. He married, in 1760,
Mary Oliver, born in Ireland, in 1728,
died in East Pennboro township, No-
vember 29, 1894. They had children :

685

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

James, born 1761, married Margaret
Oliver; Robert, born 1764, died unmar-
ried, in 1809; William (see forward);
Elizabeth ; Isabella.

William McCormick, third son and
child of James and Mary (Oliver) Mc-
Cormick, v^ras born at Silver Springs,
Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, 1766,
died June 13, 1805. His tombstone in
the Silver Springs churchyard bears this
inscription : "Endeared to all who knew
him by his benevolence and integrity."
He married Mary Margaret Bines, born
August 22, 1767, died April 23, 1849. She
is buried beside her husband. They had
children : James (see forward) ; Mar-
garet, twin of James, born February 24,
1801, died unmarried, November 29, 1853.

James McCormick, only son of William
and Mary Margaret (Bines) McCormick,
was born February 24, 1801, near Silver
Springs, Cumberland county, Pennsyl-
vania, died January 19, 1870, at Harris-
burg, Dauphin county, in the same State.
When less than five years of age he lost
his father through a fatal accident, and
the entire care of bringing him up thus
devolved upon his mother. She was a
bright, determined woman, and it was
due to her careful preparations that he
was fitted for entrance to Princeton Col-
lege at an unusually early age. He was
graduated from this institution with
honors, and immediately commenced the
study of law under the preceptorship of
Andrew Carothers, Esq., of Carlisle,
Pennsylvania. He was admitted to prac-
tice at the Cumberland county bar in
1823. His was a most successful career,
which never altered as long as he was
able to give his professional duties his
attention, and his success followed him
after he had retired from the active prac-
tice of his profession. He was a member
of the borough council for a number of
years, was the president of that corpora-
tion, also of the Dauphin Deposit Bank,
of the Harrisburg Cemetery, and the

Harrisburg Bridge Company, and was
one of the trustees of the Pine Street
Presbyterian Church. In all of these po-
sitions he was a capable and cautious ad-
viser. He uniformly declined nomina-
tion for office, also offers of high honors
in his profession. Upon his retirement
from his legal practice he devoted his
time and attention to the management
of a large estate, consisting of furnaces,
grist mills, rolling mills and farms. All
of these interests were successfully con-
trolled by him in a most masterly and
systematic manner, despite physical dis-
ability.

He married, in 1830, Eliza Buehler,
born November 11, 1806, at Erie, Penn-
sylvania, died December 25, 1877, at Har-
risburg, only daughter of George and
Maria (Nagle) Buehler. She was a most
estimable woman, a leading spirit in
every noble charity, benevolent enter-
prise, philanthropic movement, hospital
or home to be organized in the city of
Harrisburg. She was ever ready to as-
sist the needy and distressed and her
charities were administered in an unos-
tentatious manner. James and Eliza
(Buehler) McCormick had children:
Henry (see forward) ; James, born Oc-
tober 31, 1832, at Harrisburg; Mary,
born October 10, 1834, married James
Donald Cameron.

Colonel Henry McCormick, eldest child
of James and Eliza (Buehler) McCor-
mick, was born March 10, 1831, in Har-
risburg, Pennsylvania, and died July i,
1900. His education was acquired in the
Harrisburg Academy, Partridge's Mili-
tary Institute, and Yale College, from
which he was graduated in the class of
1852. He commenced the study of law
with his father, but as he believed future
success could be better attained in the
pursuit of commercial and manufactur-
ing interests he abandoned law and mas-
tered all the details of the iron industry
at Reading furnace, now Robesonia, and

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

at the first opportunity which presented
itself purchased an interest in the Henry
Clay and Eagle furnaces, near Marietta,
Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. The
Paxtang furnaces came under his man-
agement and control in 1857, and in 1866
the nail works at Fairview, Cumberland
county, which he conducted for a period
of twenty-five years. A man of domi-
nant personality, Colonel AlcCormick ex-
erted a wonderful influence on all who
were brought into contact with him. To
his associates he showed a genial, kindly,
humorous side of his nature which made
their business relations most enjoyable,
and the unvarying justice and considera-
tion with which he treated his employees
were beyond all praise. He received from
them in return a loyal service and hearty
co-operation which went far toward in-
suring his phenomenal success.

Before a railway spanned the conti-
nent in 1865 he crossed the prairies and
the Rocky Mountain range to the Pa-
cific coast, returning by way of the
Isthmus of Panama. He visited Europe
in 1877. His devotion to his country
was undoubted, and at the outbreak of
the Civil War he was one of the first to
offer his life and services to the cause
of patriotism. He raised a company of
volunteers — Company F, Lochiel Grays,
Twenty-fifth Pennsylvania Regiment, for
three months' service. He was chosen
colonel of the First Regiment of Penn-
sylvania Militia in 1862, under Major-
General John F. Reynolds, and assigned
to the First Brigade, Second Division.
The object of forming this division hav-
ing been accomplished by the contest at
Antietam, it was mustered out of serv-
ice. Colonel McCormick was present at
the shelling of Carlisle when Lee invaded
Pennsylvania. Under the act relative to
the geological survey of Pennsylvania,
he was appointed commissioner by Gov-
ernor Hartranft, and his colleagues elect-
ed him treasurer, and he filled both of

these positions until the completion of the
work. As a co-trustee of the estate of
his father he exhibited tact, judgment,
and executive ability of a high order. He
was a most liberal contributor to all ben-
evolent undertakings, but always avoided
ostentation and publicity. As evidence
of the esteem in which he was held it
may be stated that, when a candidate for
Congress in 1882, his majority in his na-
tive county was 159, while his party was
in a minority of almost 1.500 votes for
the balance of the ticket.

Colonel McCormick died at his coun-
try home, "Rose Garden," in Cumberland
county, Pennsylvania, July 14, 1900, as
the result of a paralytic stroke sustained
on the day of the burning of the State
Capitol in 1897. This catastrophe affect-
ed the state of his health until the time
of his death. He was connected with the
Pine Street Presbyterian Church of Har-
risburg from the time of its organization,
and contributed most liberally towards
its support, as well as to all religious so-
cieties. Politically he was a Democrat.
In social life Colonel McCormick was a
most delightful man to meet. He enter-
tained much as long as the state of his
health would permit of his doing so, and
many were the guests at his home at the
corner of Pine and Front streets, Har-
risburg, and at his charming summer
home, at which place he frequently en-
tertained on the great national holiday.
It may be said of him : "Of such char-
acters the world has none too many."

Colonel McCormick married, June 29,
1867, Annie Criswell, daughter of John
\^ance and Hannah (Dull) Criswell. and
they had children: i. Henry Buehler,
born June 12, 1869; married, June 13,
1895, Mary Letitia, daughter of James
and Louisa (Yeomans) Boyd. 2. \'ance
Criswell. 3. Mary Cameron, born De-
cember 18, 1873. died June 3, 1883. 4.
Isabella, born January 9, 1876, died No-
vember 29, 1876. 5. Hugh, born March

687

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

I, 1878, died June 11, 1879. 6. Anne, born
March 2, 1879.

If the historian were to attempt to
characterize in a single sentence the
achievements of Colonel Henry McCor-
mick it could perhaps best be done in the
words: The splendid success of an hon-
est man in whose life marked ability
and humanitarianism were well-balanced
forces.

McCORMICK, Vance C,

Mam of Affairs, Fnblic 0£BciaI.

Former Mayor Vance C. McCormick,
of Harrisburg, financier, agriculturist,
and man of affairs, is a descendant of
ancestors who were among the earliest
of the sturdy. God-fearing Scotch-Irish
settlers of Central Pennsylvania — men
who rendered inestimable service in the
building up and development of all our
best interests. The McCormick family,
which came to this country from Ireland
some time during the seventeenth cen-
tury, has a record in the history of this
country of which the members of the
family may justly feel proud. They have
been well represented in all the profes-
sions, as well as in the financial, com-
mercial and military circles and have
earned distinction in every field of opera-
tions in which they were interested. A
full account of the family is to be found
in sketch of the late Colonel Henry Mc-
Cormick, father of Vance C. McCormick,
elsewhere in this work.

Vance Criswell McCormick, second son
and child of Colonel Henry and Annie
(Criswell) McCormick, was born June
19, 1872, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
He was prepared for college at the Har-
risburg Academy and Phillips Andover
Academy, and in 1893 was graduated
from Yale University with the degree of
Bachelor of Philosophy. In 1907 he re-
ceived from his Alma Mater the honor-
ary degree of Master of Arts. After

graduation he returned to Harrisburg and
entered at once upon the serious business
of life, taking a prominent place among
men much older than himself. Upon the
death of his father in July, 1900, he suc-
ceeded him as one of the trustees of the
James McCormick estate, and as a direc-
tor of the Dauphin Deposit Bank, since
changed to the Dauphin Deposit Trust
Company.

Public-spirited in the highest degree,
Mr. McCormick has, for a score of years,
been foremost in every project having
for its end the progress and betterment
of his native city. From April, 1900,
to April, 1902, he was a member of the
Common Council, leading in the move-
ment for municipal reform and advance-
ment. He fought successfully against
the voting away of priceless municipal
franchises in perpetuity, without any re-
turn to the municipal treasury. It was
largely through his efforts that the first
improvement loan ordinance was passed
by councils and approved by the people
at the spring election in 1902. At this
election Mr. McCormick received from
his fellow citizens the greatest proof of
their confidence which it was in their
power to bestow. He was chosen Mayor
of Harrisburg for a term of three years.
In his administration of this responsible
office Mr. McCormick had largely the su-
pervision of the expenditures of the first
improvement loan of one million ninety
thousand dollars, which he was instru-
mental in getting through, and which has
resulted in a complete physical metamor-
phosis of the capital city of Pennsylvania
— paved streets where once were dirty
roads, a splendid park system, modern
sewers in place of open ditches and
sparkling filtered water instead of the;
muddy rawness of the river. Under his
administration the volunteer fire depart-
ment was reformed and improved, and
the police force was taken entirely out
of politics and brought to a state of dis-

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

cipline and efficiency never before known
in Harrisburg. Gambling houses were
closed, their proprietors being sent' to
prison or going into voluntary exile.
Vice in all forms was exposed and pun-
ished, or forced to take refuge in the
deepest shadow. The growth of Harris-
burg during this period was almost un-
precedented. Fine dwellings were erect-
ed by hundreds every year, and millions
were added to the real estate values of
the city. The standards of responsibility
in office were raised to a point never be-
fore even attempted.

Consistently refusing to consider the
acceptance of any political office not con-
nected with the municipal administration
of Harrisburg, Mr. McCormick is chair-
man of the committee which has brought
about the reorganization of the Demo-
cratic party in Pennsylvania.

Ever seeking the advancement of Har-
risburg and Pennsylvania, Mr. McCor-
mick's activities reach out in every direc-
tion. He was the first president of the
Associated Charities and has been for
years president of the Municipal League.
He is a leading member of the Board of
Trade and an enthusiastic advocate of
the good roads movement. A trustee of
Pennsylvania State College and owner of
farms in Cumberland county, across the
Susquehanna river from Harrisburg, he
has been the leader in a signally success-
ful effort for improvement in agricultural
methods and in the breeds of live stock
raised by the farmers of the Cumberland
Valley.

While neglecting none of his varied
enterprises as banker, newspaper pub-
lisher and farmer, Mr. McCormick finds
time to devote to his extensive interests
in the bituminous coal fields of Pennsyl-
vania and West Virginia and in the coal
and ore regions of Alabama and Tennes-
see. It would seem that in a life so full
and complex there was room for nothing
more, but Mr. McCormick, nevertheless.

finds opportunity for large philanthropic
work and exacting social duties. He is a
member and trustee of Pine Street Pres-
byterian Church, president of the board
of trustees of the Harrisburg Academy,
and a generous contributor to all worthy
charities. Strenuously active as his life
has been, he is a liberal patron of all
manly sports. While at Yale he was a
member of the football team and in his
last year was its captain. He now holds
membership in the Harrisburg, Philadel-
phia and Country clubs, St. Anthony's
Club, the Graduates' Club, of New
Haven, the Yale Club and the University
Club of New York.

Mr. McCormick's native city has thus
far been the scene of his entire career,
and never has Harrisburg had a more
loyal son. Both as mayor and private
citizen he has labored unceasingly for
the promotion of her material and moral
well-being, and the present prosperity of
our city, together with the elevated tone
of her social and political life, is due in
no small measure to the influence and ac-
tivity of her former chief executive,
Vance C. McCormick.

SHARPLES, PhiUp M.,

Mamifaotiirer, Man of Affairs.

In a State pre-eminent for its great
manufacturing interests Mr. Philip M.
Sharpies is easily one of its foremost
manufacturers, with a world-wide repu-
tation. The Sharpies family to which he
belongs has been influential and promi-
nent in the annals of Delaware and Ches-
ter counties for more than two hundred
years. The emigrant, John Sharpies,
came with his family from England to
Pennsylvania in August, 1682, locating
near Chester. His grandson, Nathan
Sharpies, acquired a farm in West Gosh-
en township, Chester county, which later
was incorporated into the limits of the
borough of West Chester; here his son.

689

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

William Sharpies, was born, and was
elected the first burgess of the newly
created borough. He was a prominent
educator and man of affairs. On this
same farm, on August lo, 1857, Philip
]\I. Sharpies was born, in the fifth gen-
eration from its first owner and seventh
generation from the emigrant.

The Sharpies family, from the time of
George Fox, have been members of the
Society of Friends, and Philip M.
Sharpies is descended on both his
father's and mother's sides from long
lines of Quaker ancestors. His father's
mother was Martha (Price) Sharpies,
daughter of Philip and Rachel Price, first
superintendent of Westtown Friends'
School and sister of Eli K. Price of Phil-
adelphia. His mother, Martha (Ash)
Sharpies, daughter of Robert Pennel Ash
and Martha (Serrill) Ash, descended
from Mathew Ash, a member of the So-
ciety of Friends, who in 1720 emigrated
from Wiltshire, England, to America,
and from the Serrill family of Darby, also
for many years consistent members of
the Society of Friends.

In 1884 Philip M. Sharpies married
Helen Edwards Brinton, daughter of
George F. and Mary E. (Lewis) Brinton.
The Brinton ancestor emigrated from
England to America in 1684 and settled
within a few miles of John Sharpies'
home, both being members of Birming-
ham Friends' Meeting. The union of
their descendants, Philip M. Sharpies and
Helen E. Brinton, two hundred years
later, brought into relationship for the
first time these staunch Quaker families,
the progenitors of which had sat side by
side at quaint old Birmingham meeting
house a hundred years before the famous
revolutionary battle fought on its quiet
graveyard.

Philip M. Sharpies laid the foundation
for a successful career as a manufacturer
of mechanical appliances by serving a
four years' apprenticeship in Cope's

Foundry and Machine Shop, located
about two miles west of West Chester,
on the historic Brandywine stream ; sup-
plemented by a year's experience at the
Bush Hill Iron Works of James Moore
in Philadelphia, and later in the Buckeye
Engine Works at Salem, Ohio. This
practical mechanical knowledge is the
pivotal point of his success.

Mr. Sharpies is a man of indomitable
will, great energy, intuitive knowledge of
men and their capacities, and a great or-
ganizer; he has a masterly grasp of the
conditions of modern industrial life, of
labor problems and of the fierce stress
and strain of competition, but above all
he is a good mechanic, and the Sharpies
Cream Separators have earned their ac-
knowledged supremacy, have retained
that supremacy on the market, and have
extended it into a world's market, be-
cause of their mechanical perfection, at-
tained through years of untiring and per-
sistent effort to improve and perfect a
machine which would have satisfied a
less exacting mechanic as already perfect.
The few employees of his original works
grew, in a comparatively short time, to
upwards of five hundred men, and the
modest general foundry and machine shop
developed into a modernly equipped
plant for the manufacture of cream sepa-
rators, covering several acres of ground
at West Chester, with subsidiary plants
for the manufacture of cream separators
at Harburg, Germany, and Toronto, Can-
ada, and with branch establishments at
Chicago, Illinois; Kansas City, Missouri;
Omaha, Nebraska; Dallas, Texas; Min-
neapolis, Minnesota ; San Francisco, Cali-
fornia; Portland, Oregon, and Winnipeg,
Canada.

Within the last three years, after many
years of experimental work, the Sharpies
establishment has introduced upon the
market a mechanical milker which bids
fair to surpass even the cream separa-
tor in value to the world's dairymen.

690

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Already they are in regular use upon
over 80,000 cows, including some of the
most valuable herds of fancy registered
stock in the country.

Mr. Sharpies' activities have not ex-
hausted themselves in these large manu-
facturing interests. He is president of
the Cerro Cobre Development Company,
operating one of the world's greatest cop-
per deposits in Sonora, Mexico, and pres-
ident of the La Colorado Mining Com-
pany, owners of gold and silver mines
at La Colorado, Mexico. He is also presi-
dent of the Spruce Bend Coal Company,
of West Virginia, with mines in Logan
county, operating one of the best elec-
trically equipped mines in the State, with
a model miners' village where particular
attention is given to civic order and to
sanitation, features too often neglected in
West Virginia mining operations. The
town, postofifice and railroad station bear
the name of "Sharpies."

Mr. Sharpies is also president of the
Silica Stone Works, with extensive plant
and large furnaces at Frazer, Pennsyl-
vania, and president of the West Chester
Engine Company, with an extensive plant
for the manufacture of gasoline engines,
thousands of which are shipped to all
parts of America. Mr. Sharpies is a di-
rector and large stockholder in the Fed-
eral Refractories Company, one of Amer-
ica's greatest refractory brick producers.
He is largely interested in the Hires Con-
densed Milk Company, in the Chester
Dairy Supply Company, in the Lebanon
Valley Iron and Steel Company, and in
numerous other industrial enterprises,
his preferences always having run in the
direction of industrials.

Mr. Sharpies also organized, with
others, the Farmers and Mechanics'
Trust Company, which erected a six-story
granite and brick fireproof construction
office building on the corner of Market
and High streets, opposite the county
courthouse, unique in the elegance of its

appointments and improvements for a
borough of the size of West Chester.

Mr. Sharpies also erected and is the
owner of the magnificent office building
in the heart of Chicago, at the corner of
Washington and Jefferson streets. Foun-
dations for this building go down more
than one hundred feet below the surface
of the ground, and on these foundations
has been constructed a twelve-story re-
inforced concrete building, which is now
a teaming beehive of business.

Mr. Sharpies purchased vacant tracts
of land in the neighborhood of his fac-
tories in West Chester, platted them into
town lots, erected thereon attractive resi-
dences with modern conveniences and
sold them to his trusted employees of
years' standing on the installment plan,
thus enabling them to become household-
ers, and assuring a more loyal and stable
personnel in his factories. Contiguous to
these houses, on land he purchased for
the purpose, he constructed a recreation
park, with baseball diamond, running
tracks, swimming and skating pool, all
primarily for the use of the employees
of his works, but largely used by the
public generally. The view from the
grandstand across the neatly trimmed
lawn about the playgrounds to the pond
surrounded by weeping willow and other
trees and shrubs is very attractive.

Mr. Sharpies' loyalty to the town of
his birth has many witnesses. His gen-
erosity provided for the artistic fountain
designed by a talented local sculptress.
Miss Martha J. Cornwell, which borders
the public highway at its north entrance.
He also gave to the citizens of West
Chester a fully equipped, modern gym-
nasium building, with swimming tank,
and located it contiguous to the build-
ing of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation, so that this association could use
it in connection with its work, the only
limitation on its use being that it should
be without religious distinction and that

691

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

women and girls as well as men and boys
should enjoy its privileges.

The Chester County Hospital, of which
Mrs. Sharpies was one of the most active
managers during her life, has been con-
tributed to largely by Mr. Sharpies when
its needs were greatest, and the Chil-
dren's Building attached to that estab-
lishment is the gift of Mr. and Mrs.
Sharpies.

Mr. Sharpies has not limited his civic
duties to his immediate vicinity. He is
an active trustee of Swarthmore College,
has been generous in his gifts to its en-
dowment fund and annually gives two
scholarships in the college, each for the
full four years' course, open to the boy
and girl with the highest average from
the West Chester High School, thus pro-
viding for the constant attendance of
eight students at the college. A provi-
sion of these scholarships is that they
shall not be awarded to users of tobacco,
Mr. Sharpies himself being an abstainer
in this respect. Through the gift of Mr.
Sharpies, Swarthmore College possesses
two of the finest of college swimming
pools — one for the men, 80 feet by 25
feet, housed in a handsome brick, glass
and tile building, and a somewhat smaller
one for the use of the women, in an equal-
ly ornate building. Mr. Sharpies' gift to
the Stomach Hospital of Philadelphia, of
which he is a director, made possible the
large, well-equipped buildings which they
now occupy. Mr. Sharpies has recently
been elected to the board of managers
of the Glen Mills Schools, an institution
established about a century ago for the
reformation of delinquent boys and girls,
and supported jointly by the Common-
wealth of Pennsylvania and surrounding
counties.

"Greystone Hall," the residence of Mr.
Sharpies, adjoining the borough of West
Chester on the north, is a baronial man-
sion, surrounded by a beautiful park of
seven hundred acres ; the natural beauties

of woodland and water have been en-
hanced by miles of winding driveways,
by the building of lakes covering many
acres and well stocked with speckled
trout and other game fish ; by the plant-
ing of thousands of flowering shrubs,
evergreen and deciduous trees ; and by
Italian gardens with mirror pools which
reflect the rare statuary imported to adorn
them. The public are welcome to enjoy
all this beauty, and in fine weather the
roads and paths are alive with visitors
on foot and in all sorts of vehicles. One
large lake is free to townspeople for sum-
mer and winter sports. High-bred sheep,
in flocks attended by shepherd boys,
browse over the hills and meadows, the
raising of "hothouse lambs," ready for
the market at Christmas time, being a
most interesting feature in connection
with the sheep. The newest point of in-
terest is a model cow barn for one hun-
dred head of thoroughbred Guernsey
cows, where the latest dairy appliances,
including the marvelous mechanical milk-
er, may be seen in operation. For sev-
eral years, during spring and summer
months, Mr. Sharpies has entertained
scores of Country Week children, giving
over to their use a large stone dwelling-
house standing beside a beautiful water
garden ; one of Mr. Sharpies' chiefest de-
lights is roaming over the estate and auto-
mobiling over its roads and the surround-
ing country with these waifs of the city,
who, he says, repay him one hundred-
fold for what he does for them, in the
aff'ection they have for him and the joy
of seeing them enjoy their outing.

The children of Philip M. and Helen
E. Sharpies are: Helen Brinton Sharpies,
who has won an enviable reputation for
so young an artist ; Philip Townsend
Sharpies, vice-president of the Sharpies
Separator Company ; and Lawrence Price
Sharpies, in charge of the mechanical de-
partment of the company. The sons are
both graduates of Swarthmore College.

692

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

BAER, Jacob Frederick,

Iteading Silk Manufacturer.

A striking feature of American busi-
ness life is the fact that the most signal
successes have been won by our foreign-
born citizens and their descendants. A
conspicuous example of this is that of
the late Jacob Frederick Baer, who was
for many years a prosperous and repre-
sentative resident of Paterson, New Jer-
sey, rising to the topmost round of busi-
ness success, and occuping an honored
and commanding position in the com-
munity in which he resided.

Frederick Jacob Baer, father of Jacob
Frederick Baer, was born at Arburg,
Switzerland, December 13, 1813, died at
Paterson, New Jersey, July 20, 1877, and
his remains were interred in Cedar Lawn
Cemetery. He received an excellent edu-
cation under the preceptorship of private
tutors, supplementing this by a course of
reading, by which means he became com-
petent to fill the position of teacher among
the laboring people in his locality, the
greater portion of whom were engaged
in the manufacture of cotton, linen, silk
and hosiery. The great ambition of his
parents, he being the eldest son, was for
him to take up religious work and to be-
come a missionary, but this calling did
not appeal to the youth, who had decided
to devote his attention to a business ca-
reer. When sixteen years of age he went
to Basle, a small hamlet in the Canton
of Basle, and there learned the art of silk
ribbon making, beginning in the lowest
station and becoming thoroughly familiar
with every branch of the art, thus becom-
ing in due course of time an expert in this
special Vine. He subsequently removed
to Aarau, where he accepted a position
in the then largest factory of the town,
operated by Feer & Company, where he
remained until 1865. Having decided to
emigrate to the United States with a
view of enlarging his opportunities, he

set sail in July, 1865, from Havre, France,
accompanied by his wife, three sons and
a daughter, and landed in New York
City. He immediately removed to Pater-
son, New Jersey, and accepted a position
in the silk establishment of his son, Jacob
Frederick Baer, acting in the capacity of
superintendent of different departments,
and continuing until 1873, when he re-
tired from active pursuits. He was a man
of keen intelligence and quick perception,
always a student, taking up scientific
studies in his mature years, and, although
a firm believer in American ideas, he kept
in touch with his native country by read-
ing the news of the day. He was a Luth-
eran in religion, and a Republican in poli-
tics.

Mr. Baer married, at Basle, Switzer-
land, 1835, Anna Weibel, born at Recken-
bach, in the Canton of Basle, December
29, 181 1, died in Paterson, New Jersey,
January 19, 1890, daughter of Jacob and
Anna (Gerster) Weibel, the former
named of whom was a mason by trade.
Children: i. Jacob Frederick, of whom
further. 2. John Rudolph, born August
5, 1840, died October 20, 1872 ; married
Matilda Ackerman. 3. August, born De-
cember 23, 1843, died unmarried, May i,
1891. 4. Maria Anna, born March 13,
1846: married. September 12, 1869, Jacob
Walder, born March 18, 1839, died De-
cember 30, 1897. 5. William Frederick,
born March 18, 1849; married Anna
Miesch. 6. Gustaf Adolphus, born June
8, 1852, died July 20, 1868.

Jacob Frederick Baer was born in the
village of Beckten, in the Canton of
Basle. Switzerland, November 27. 1836,
died in Paterson, New Jersey, November
27, 1905. He acquired a practical educa-
tion in the schools of his native town,
and in early life was taught the trade of
silk making by his father, thoroughly
mastering the details of silk manufac-
ture as then practiced. In 1856. at tlie
age of twenty years, he emigrated to the

693

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

United States, having in his possession
considerable capital which he had ac-
cumulated during his years of labor, and
possessing a complete knowledge of the
trade which he expected to follow for
his life work. He at first engaged in
the silk business in New York City, and
later became a member of the firm of E.
Walther & Company, of New York City,
where he continued up to 1863, when the
firm, seeing a new field in which to en-
gage in manufacturing to the best advan-
tage, was attracted to Paterson, New
Jersey, then the center of the silk indus-
try of the country, and so well did the
conditions please him that he there lo-
cated and remained up to the time of de-
cease. He began the manufacture of silk
ribbons in a small way, having at first a
half dozen looms, and he enjoyed the
reputation of having introduced the first
ribbon loom in America, and he was the
pioneer in the United States in making
satin-back velvet ribbons. His ribbons
pleased and were so eagerly taken by
the trade that he was soon compelled to
enlarge his plant and greatly increase its
output. He prospered exceedingly until
1873, when the disastrous panic swept the
country, and with a number of other silk
manufacturers suffered such severe losses
that he was obliged to discontinue busi-
ness, his entire savings being lost there-
by. He, however, utilized his well-known
skill and ability in the service of others,
securing a position as superintendent of
the Pioneer Silk Company, and he also
acted in a similar capacity with William
Strange & Company, with whom he re-
mained for several years. In 1887 he re-
sumed the manufacture of silk ribbons on
his own account, and was instrumental
in founding and establishing the Helvetia
Silk Mills of Paterson, of which he be-
came president, which developed into one
of the most flourishing and prosperous
silk mills of that city, having branches on
Van Houten street and Lehighton, Penn-

sylvania, giving employment to six hun-
dred operatives, and by manufacturing
superior goods they secured a high po-
sition in the silk market. Mr. Baer held
the leadership of this company for many
years, and its wonderful success must be
attributed to his unceasing energy, wise
management, practical knowledge and un-
tarnished reputation as a maker of re-
liable silks. He always dealt liberally
with his employees, being thoughtful for
their comfort and interested in their wel-
fare, and thus he gained their esteem and
respect. His five sons were engaged in
partnership with him. Mr. Baer was pro-
gressive and public-spirited, noted for his
kindness and generosity, and no man
stood higher in the estimation of his
townsmen than he. Of mild and genial
disposition, he made many personal as
well as business friends, who were bound
to him by the strong ties of sincere good
fellowship, and by them his death was
sincerely mourned.

Mr. Baer married, in New York City,
1858, Louisa Blattner, born September

26, 1838, at Kuttingen, in the Canton of
Aargau, Switzerland, died in Paterson,
New Jersey, July 4, 1904, daughter of
Jacob and Anna Blattner. Children: i.
Frederick A., born February 16, i860;
was associated with his father in the Hel-
vetia Silk Mills ; married Louise Wirz ;
children : Anna, Bertha, Ralph J. 2.
Ralph, born April 9, 1863 ; was associated
with his father in the Helvetia Silk Mills;
married Carrie S. Perry; children: Bes-
sie B., Ralph, J. Frank. 3. Anna, born
August 23, 1865 ; married, June 16, 1887,
Carlos D. DePonthier; children: Louise,
Blanca. 4. Eugene W., a sketch of whom
follows. 5. William August, born March

27, 1870; connected with the Helvetia
Silk Mills, Paterson ; married Marie
Deering; children: Jacob Frederick, Wil-
liam, and a son who died in infancy. 6.
Louise, born May 31, 1872, died June 14,
1880. 7. Rose Isabelle, born October

694

Oj^^i^

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

9, 1874; married, November 23, 1898,
Adolph Webber; child, Jacob Frederick.
8. Louis Chilson, born March 11, 1882;
serves as superintendent of the Helvetia
Silk Mills at Lehighton, Pennsylvania ;
married Jessie Wilson Boyle; child, Rob-
ert Paul.

BAER, Eugene W.,

Silk Mannf actnrer, Inventor.

Among the representatives of indus-
trial interests in Lehighton, Pennsyl-
vania, is numbered Eugene W. Baer, pro-
prietor of the Baer Silk Mills, the leading
industry of the town. He has won suc-
cess and recognition as the result of
sound judgment and untiring persever-
ance, his advancement in business life be-
ing both rapid and strong, and he has
earned for himself a high place in the
business circles of his adopted city and
state.

Eugene W. Baer was born in Paterson,
New Jersey, September 9, 1868, son of
Jacob Frederick and Louise (Blattner)
Baer. He was educated in the public
schools of Paterson, continuing his
studies until the age of fourteen. He
then entered the employ of J. Walder, an
uncle, a manufacturer of silk mill sup-
plies, with whom he remained two years.
Subsequently he spent one year in the
service of Ulrich & Company, in the same
line of business, after which he entered
upon an apprenticeship of three and a
half years with the Eastwood Company,
manufacturers of textile machinery. In
these three positions he gained an expert
understanding of the mechanical depart-
ments of silk manufacture, knowledge
that has served him well in his subse-
quent career. This course of training
prompted him to institute new ideas and
devices, but the conservatism which
marked the management of the silk mills
controlled by his father proved an in-
superable obstacle to his proposed inno-

vations. In 1888 he entered the employ
of his father at the Helvetia Silk Mills
and thus acquired a complete and mas-
terly acquaintance with every detail of
silk manufacture by actual service in the
different departments. He now had an
equipment seldom equalled in the history
of manufacturing, as he could not only
carry on all the processes of silk manu-
facture but could enter the shops and do
a machinist's part in the building of the
necessary machinery, as well as make the
tools and implements used by the ma-
chinists. In addition, his inventive mind
suggested newer, better machines, and
these also he was able to plan and build.
He was ever on the alert for improve-
ment, and in the development of the silk
industry much that was new was neces-
sary to meet the demands of an exacting
market. When the opposition of the di-
rectors of the Helvetia Silk Mills to new
inventions was found to be immovable,
Eugene W. Baer withdrew from the same
and executed a plan he had long had in
contemplation, the forming of a new com-
pany, of which he should be the head,
in which he could, free and unhampered,
carry into effect his own idea and ambi-
tions. He had the aid and consent of
his honored father to the e.xtent of the
use of the latter's name and credit. He
formed the firm of Eugene W. Baer &
Company and established a silk spinning
mill at Riverside, a suburb of Paterson,
with his father as his partner. He as-
sumed the entire burden of installing the
necessary plant, and there his years of
toil in the machine shops brought their
reward. He was familiar with every part
necessary, and in fitting up his mill he
used the new ideas and methods he so
much desired. Silk spinning was then in
its infancy in Paterson. and to him is due
the credit of creating a new industry, one
of the most important in the silk busi-
ness. The new plant proved an instant
success, due entirely to the well-consid-

695

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

ered plans, unceasing effort and complete
knowledge of its founder, who in a few
years placed himself in the front rank
of American manufacturers. This con-
nection continued until 1902, when Jacob
F. Baer, the father and partner in the
firm of Eugene W. Baer & Company,
decided to sell his interest; he presented
the proposition to his son and partner
with only one day's time to consider it,
and the son purchased his interest for
$40,000. In 1903 the Baer Company was
incorporated, taking over the property of
Eugene W. Baer & Company, giving the
faithful employees stock in the concern.
In 1897 the plant and business was moved
to Lehighton, Pennsylvania, where the
business prospered exceedingly, special
buildings, commodious and carefully
planned, having been erected for its re-
ception. Wonderful success has attend-
ed the business since its removal, it giv-
ing employment to about two hundred
and fifty operatives, thus making it a
leading factor in the growth and devel-
opment of the town, Mr. Baer continu-
ing its capable head. Mr. Baer is also
interested as a partner and is the heavi-
est stockholder in the Helvetia Silk Mills
at Paterson, New Jersey. In 1906 the
Baer Company, on account of produc-
tion, found it necessary to expand and
at that time build a branch mill at Ber-
wick, Columbia county, Pennsylvania,
giving employment to two hundred ad-
ditional operatives. In addition to the
immense benefit Lehighton has derived
from the location there of the Baer Silk
Mills, the town has otherwise gained
through the residence of Mr. Baer. He
organized the Citizens' National Bank,
of which he was president until 1909,
when the institution was on a solid foot-
ing and housed in one of the finest bank-
ing houses in the eastern section of the
state. Mr. Baer is still one of the lead-
ing stockholders of the institution, and he
is also interested in many Carbon County

enterprises. Now in the prime of life,
the achievements of ]Mr. Baer warrant
the belief that the future has still much
in store for him. The success he has at-
tained has been fairly won and the for-
tune he has accumulated has not been
gained by special favor, lucky chance, or
monopolistic control, but it was built
upon years of careful preparation, hard
and intelligent work, invention, genius,
faith, courage and progressiveness. To
such a man nothing is impossible when
backed by a sterling integrity and a laud-
able ambition to be of service to the
country that gave him birth and to add
to her productive industries. In religious
belief Mr. Baer is a Presbyterian, and in
political faith a Progressive Republican.
Mr. Baer married in December, 1889,
Corra B., daughter of David and Eliza-
beth Tice. Children: i. Corra E., born
in Paterson, New Jersey; attended Lasell
College, Boston, graduated from National
Park Seminary, Washington. 2. Gene-
vieve L., born in Paterson, New Jersey ;
graduated from the National Park Semi-
nary, Washington. 3. Eugene W., born
in Paterson, New Jersey; attending the
Montclair Academy, Montclair, New
Jersey. 4. Rose I., twin of Eugene W.,
attending Lasell College, Boston. 5. Car-
los A., born in Paterson, New Jersey;
attending the high school, Lehighton. 6.
Margie E., born in Lehighton, Pennsyl-
vania ; attending the grammar school of
Lehighton.

COPE, Porter Farquharson,

Publicist, Iiectnrer.

The activities of Porter Farquharson
Cope have been from early youth devoted
to the cause of enlightenment and just-
tice. His tastes are strongly literary and
scientific, but his career, far from being
confined to any one field, has been inti-
mately connected with the advancement
of the most varying interests of society.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

He has pursued many studies — history
and contemporary pohtics, cognate in
form, but unfortunately diverse in fact;
literature and finance, not less distinct ;
law, medicine, chemistry, and mining.
He is a genealogist of distinction. He
has been able to trace his own descent
with unusual precision out of many fami-
lies, and can name no less than thirty
immigrant ancestors who came from Eu-
rope at different times, from a date as
early as 1676 to one as late at 1785, and
who sprang from some of the most
healthy and dominant of the Old World
races. Through these worthies he has in-
herited the blood and character of the
Teutonic (English and German) peoples
and drawn upon the strain of the Celtic
Irish and Welsh and the Scotch-Irish. It is
such admixtures as this which have been
responsible in no small measure for the
past and present sturdiness of the Ameri-
can stock, and which hold such promise
for the formation of a future American
race, when these several elements, includ-
ing as they do the original constituents
of the Anglo-Saxon race, shall have been
for a second time thoroughly amalga-
mated.

The Cope family has combined unusu-
ally the qualities of many healthy strains
and produced men who have been at once
students and men of affairs with the
ideals of students. The first of the name
to come to this country was Oliver Cope,
of Avebury, Wiltshire, England, who,
with his wife Rebecca, emigrated from
the old country in 1683, and the same
year settled at "Backington," on a branch
of Naaman's creek, New Castle county,
Delaware (then embraced within the
limits of Pennsylvania), with which re-
gion the Copes have ever since been
closely associated. Another of Mr.
Cope's paternal ancestors was Frederick
Rohrer, born in 1742, a native of Alsace,
then French territory. He emigrated in
1759, from either England or Switzer-

land, and settled in Hagerstown, Mary-
land, in 1766, and finally in Greensburg,
Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. He
was greatly interested in the develop-
ment of that part of Pennsylvania which
lies west of the mountains, the "Western
Country," as it was then called, and lo-
cated large tracts of land there. He was
the first to take wheat to the region.
He cultivated this, with other grains, on
a farm in the Ligonier Valley. He was
also the discoverer of the great salt
springs on the Conemaugh river, which
now produce such quantities of salt, and
actually created the salt industry there
by boiling the waters in an earthen pot
and trading the salt with the Indians as
his first customers.

Caleb Cope, the father of the subject
of this sketch, was born July 18, 1797,
and was a son of William Cope, who
married Elizabeth Rohrer. He was a
man of unusual parts, and became one
of the leading merchants and financiers
of Philadelphia. His interest was not
limited to his personal affairs, but broad-
ened out to the betterment of his fel-
lows, and to the elevation of the stand-
ard of living, in the community of which
he was a member, and no Philadelphian
of the nineteenth century surpassed him
in earnestness and success. His whole
life was characterized by the highest in-
tegrity and patriotism and by the strict-
est attention to business. These qualities
raised him to the eminent place which he
still holds, upon memory, in the respect
of his city. He had also a love of the
fine arts and horticulture, and took a
leading part in their promotion. He
stands on the pages of Philadelphia's
history a benign figure, of serene tem-
perament, a lively sense of humor, and
a uniform courtesy. He married (first)
his cousin. Miss Abbey Ann Cope, of
Philadelphia, and (secondly) Miss Jo-
sephine Porter, of Nashville, through
whom the subject of this sketch is allied

697

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

to the distinguished Porter family of
Tennessee, the head of which was the
late James Davis Porter, twice governor
of that State.

Porter Farquharson Cope, the younger
son of Caleb Cope and Josephine (Por-
ter) Cope, was born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, June 15, 1869, at 718
Spruce street, originally the home of his
great-uncle, Thomas Pim Cope, from
whose heirs the property had been pur-
chased by the father. His early educa-
tion was obtained at the Elementary and
Grammar School of Miss Mary Rush
Tatem, 712 Pine street, Philadelphia.
Here he remained three years, going
thence to H. Y. Lauderbach's Academy,
in the Assembly Building, at 108 South
Tenth street, where he remained five
years in the regular course, becoming
president and valedictorian of his class.
After his graduation in 1885 he returned
for post-graduate study to the same in-
stitution. Here also he may be said to
have begun his active participation in the
business of life, for during the last year
of his undergraduate term and the year
following, upon the death of Professor
George Yeager, the teacher of chemistry
at the Academy, and when only sixteen
years of age, he took that gentleman's
place and delivered the weekly lecture
course on chemistry. In 1887-88 he at-
tended the lectures at the Law School of
the University of Pennsylvania and read
law in the offices of George Tucker
Bispham, Esq., and Hon. Wayne Mac-
Veagh, returning in 1892 to the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania for further lectures
on the subject. Before the last-named
date, however, he had already begun to
take a very active part in such sefHi-pub-
lic activities as those of publisher and
lecturer.

As early as 1885, when but sixteen, Mr.
Cope published, edited and, indeed, per-
sonally printed, by the cyclostyle pro-
cess, "The Illustrated Weekly" at Chest-

nut Hill, a suburb of Philadelphia. In
the following year he published and
edited "The Weekly Recorder" at Chest-
nut Hill and "The Philadelphian," an oc-
casional publication, and in 1887 became
one of the publishers and editors of
"Leisure Moments," a monthly magazine
for circulation in the suburbs of Phila-
delphia. In 1889 he became one of the
publishers and editors, and subsequently
the proprietor, of "Society," a weekly
magazine, of which the Philadelphia
"Public Ledger" said in an editorial on
March 21, 1889, "It differs wholly from
so many of what are called society papers,
in that it is without offense. It deals in
no scandals, in no sneers or gibes against
society, collectively or individually.
When it is personal it is pleasantly so.
It seeks to present a fair picture of the
social life of Philadelphia, and to depict
its recreations and pleasures. Its criti-
cisms of books, pictures, and the play are
admirably made, and its entire spirit is
refined and wholesome." While Mr.
Cope was thus devoting much time and
attention to these literary ventures, his
other interests were not languishing. The
vital interest he has always taken in the
larger aspects of politics, in their rela-
tion to freedom and the rights of man,
was already producing characteristic re-
sults, and in 1888, on June 4, he deliv-
ered a public address against the ratifica-
tion of the proposed Anglo-American
Extradition Treaty aimed at political
refugees. Fifty-five thousand copies of
this address were circulated by Irish-
American patriotic societies in their suc-
cessful campaign to influence the UniteH
States Senate to reject the proposed
treaty.

Mr. Cope describes his political faith
as that of an independent Republican of
"conservatively progressive" tendencies,
and adds, "I have broken away from
strict partisanship, because observation
and study of the political conditions pre-

(^^/^r^^Jzyu CT^. Ccr/iej.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

vailing in the United States have con-
vinced me that good government is only
to be attained by the co-operation of the
best elements of our citizenship, which
are to be found distributed among all
parties." Nevertheless, he has always as-
sociated himself with the Republican
party, even as early as 1888, two years
before he became a voter, compiling and
publishing a circular advocating the elec-
tion of Benjamin Harrison to the Presi-
dency. Two hundred and fifty thousand
copies of a reprint of this circular were
distributed by the Republican National
Committee. From this time on, for a
number of years, Mr. Cope's political ac-
tivities were unremitting, and he was in-
strumental in organizing committees and
associations among the young men of his
party which did valuable service in im-
portant campaigns ; notably the Young
Men's Republican Committee in the
gubernatorial campaign of 1890, and the
Young Republicans' Auxiliary Commit-
tee in the presidential campaign of 1896.
At the time of the agitation in regard
to the money question in 1896, Mr. Cope
delivered many addresses in favor of the
gold standard, under the auspices of the
Republican National Committee, of the
Republican State Committees of Penn-
sylvania, Maryland and Delaware, and of
the McKinley and Hobart Business
Men's League.

Turning once more to the question of
the country's attitude in international
affairs, Mr. Cope, as president, took part
in conjunction with Peter McCahey,
M. D., as secretary, of the Monroe Doc-
trine Club, in a successful campaign to
accomplish, in the United States Sen-
ate, the defeat of the proposed Anglo-
American Arbitration Treaty. This was
in 1897. In the same year he was also
prominently concerned in the movement
to remove the State Capital from Har-
risburg to Philadelphia ; also in present-
ing to President McKinley the candidacy

of Thomas L. Hicks for the office of post-
master of the Quaker City. In the mat-
ter of the capital, Mr. Cope was appointed
by Mayor Warwick to act as secretary
of the Citizens' Committee which had
the project in charge; in the matter of
the postmastership he was the spokes-
man of the delegation which waited on
the President. In 1900 he was secretary
of the Citizens' National Republican
Convention Association, which made a
successful effort to bring the National
Republican Convention to Philadelphia.

During the period of popular unrest
preceding the Spanish War, Mr. Cope
was in warm sympathy with the wide-
spread public sentiment in favor of armed
intervention by the American govern-
ment to put an end to the conditions then
existing in Cuba. He had already served
three years in the First Battalion of the
Pennsylvania Naval Reserves, and on
December 18, 1896, had been selected
chairman of the Committee on Prelimi-
nary Organization of the Second Troop,
Philadelphia City Cavalry, which com-
mittee was instrumental in initiating the
movement that culminated in the re-es-
tablishment of that historic body. L^pon
the breaking out of the war he at once
enlisted as a volunteer in the First
Regiment, National Guard of Pennsyl-
vania. He was not, however, mustered
into service.

An important chapter in the life of Mr.
Cope is in connection with the part he
has played in the movement for securing
medical freedom in the L^nited States. It
is the contention of those who, with Mr.
Cope, are opposed to such extensions of
the police power of the State as are in-
volved in compulsory vaccination regiila-
tions and compulsory medical inspection,
that the same principle that secures to
individuals the right to choose their own
church should also secure to them the
right to choose their own physician or
go without one. He is accordingly one

699

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

of the advisory board of the National
League for Medical Freedom and a mem-
ber of numerous anti-vaccination leagues
and kindred associations. In 1905 he took
an active part in accomplishing the de-
feat of a bill, then before the State Leg-
islature, providing for the making of vac-
cination compulsory upon all the people
of Philadelphia. In 1907 and 1909 he was
instrumental in promoting legislation de-
signed to relieve children of the require-
ment to present a certificate of success-
ful vaccination in order to gain admission
to school. In each of these years bills
framed to this intent were passed by the
Legislature, but were vetoed by Gover-
nor Stuart. In 1910 Mr. Cope delivered
an address in opposition to bills then
pending in Congress, relating to health
activities of the general government, and
again, in 191 1, in both instances appear-
ing for this purpose before the Commit-
tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
of the United States House of Represen-
tatives. At the session of the Pennsyl-
vania Legislature held in 1907, and at
three subsequent sessions, Mr. Cope was
in almost constant attendance in the lob-
bies at Harrisburg, endeavoring to secure
the repeal or modification of statutes en-
larging the scope of State medicine at
the expense of the freedom of the individ-
ual. In 191 1 he established "The Medi-
cal Freedom News," of which he is still
the publisher and editor, and in 1914 be-
came editor of the "Bulletin" of the Anti-
Vaccination League of America. On De-
cember 2, 191 1, Mr. Cope was made a
member of the Pennsylvania State Vac-
cination Commission by appointment of
Governor Tener, the object of the Com-
mission being to investigate smallpox
and its prevention, vaccination and its
effects, the propagation of vaccine virus,
and existing laws and regulations relat-
ing to vaccination and the propagation of
vaccine virus, and to report its findings
to the Legislature.

Besides his membership in the advisory
board of the National League for Medi-
cal Freedom, Mr. Cope is a. member of
the Anti-Vaccination League of America
and of the Anti- Vaccination League of
Pennsylvania, of both of which organiza-
tions he is the secretary. He is an hon-
orary member of the International Anti-
Vaccination League, of the Pittsfield
Anti-Compulsory Vaccination Society, of
Massachusetts, and a corresponding mem-
ber of the National Anti-Vaccination
League of England. He is also a mem-
ber of the American Anti-Vivisection
Society, the Vivisection Investigation
League of New York, the New York
Anti-Vivisection Society, and the Mary-
land Anti-Vivisection Society; and was
a vice-president of and speaker before
the Third International Anti-Vivisection
and Animal Protection Congress, held in
the City of Washington, in December,
1913. He is an honorary member of the
Tennessee Historical Society, a life mem-
ber of the Historical Society of Penn-
sylvania (since 1885), a member of the
Colonial Society of Pennsylvania, the
Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, the
Swedish Colonial Society, the Friends'
Historical Society of London, the Union
Society of the Civil War, the Old Guard
of the Young Republicans of Philadel-
phia, and the American Academy of Po-
litical and Social Science. When a law
student at the University of Pennsylvania
he was prothonotary and for a time
treasurer of the E. Spencer Miller Law
Club ; and he is a member of Gibson
Chapter of the Legal Fraternity of Phi
Delta Phi, of the same University.

Mr. Cope's religious affiliations have
always been with the Protestant Episco-
pal Church. He is a member of the
Men's Club of the Church of The Atone-
ment, West Philadelphia. In 1888 he
was president of the Lyceum of the
Young Men's Christian Association, of
Philadelphia. He is interested in psychical

700

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

problems, and was one of the founders
and for three years secretary of the
Philadelphia Section of the American
Branch of the London Society for
Psychical Research. He is a member of
the Friendship Liberal League, which
maintains an open forum for the free dis-
cussion of all questions of public interest,
and a member of the Philadelphia Theo-
sophical Society. He is the author of a
number of genealogical and biographical
articles, notably that on the Syng family
in "Colonial Families of Philadelphia,"
and that on his father, Caleb Frederick
Cope, in the "Encyclopaedia of Contem-
porary Biography of Pennsylvania," 1889.

Mr. Cope was married, June 14, 1900,
to Henrietta Bunting, a daughter of
Joshua Bunting and Anne Elizabeth
Bunting (Jones) Bunting, and a descend-
ant of Samuel Bunting, who came from
Matlack, Gloucestershire, England, to
Crosswicks Creek, West New Jersey, in
1683, and who married Mary Foulke, a
daughter of Thomas Foulke, who was
one of the commissioners sent over from
England to treat with the Indians. Mrs.
Cope is also a descendant of the dis-
tinguished Syng and Warner families
of the Colonial period, who included
among their ancestors the earliest
Swedish and English proprietors, be-
fore the time of Penn. of lands now em-
braced within the limits of the city of
Philadelphia.

Mr. and Mrs. Cope have three chil-
dren : Millicent Syng Bunting Cope, born
April 25, 1901 ; Margaretta Porter Cope,
born February 17, 1905 ; and Caleb Cope,
born December i, 1911.

HERING, Rudolph,

Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineer.

Representatives of the Hering family
have made names for themselves in the
various professions which require the
exercise of skill and ingenuity, and chief

among these is Rudolph Hering, whose
life was spent in harnessing the forces
of nature to man's use, and in the tech-
nical elaborations of .systems of sanita-
tion in the world's great cities, but more
particularly to eliminate the unseen dan-
gers in the waters that flow from our
populous American cities. He was born
February 26, 1847, in Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania, son of Dr. Constantine and
Theresa (Buchheim) Hering, and grand-
son of Christian Gottlieb Karl and Chris-
tiane Frederick (Kreuzberg) Hering, of
Germany.

He received an elementary education
in private schools of his native city, and
was then sent abroad in i860 to the
Royal Polytechnic College of Dresden,
Germany, from which institution he
graduated as civil engineer in 1867, re-
turning to Philadelphia, where he be-
came assistant engineer on public works
from 1868 to 1881. In 1880 he was ap-
pointed Commissioner of the National
Board of Health, and by the city of
Philadelphia to visit European cities and
report on their disposal of sewage, and
spent the year 1881 abroad in that inves-
tigation, the result of which he embodied
in "A Report on the Sewerage of Euro-
pean Cities," published in 1881. In con-
junction with J. C. Trautwine, Jr., he
translated "Flow of Water in Rivers and
Channels." by Gauguillet and Kutter,
published in 1889. and he is the author of
numerous articles on the subject of hy-
draulic and sanitary engineering.

He was engineer in charge of surveys
and preliminaries for the water supply of
Philadelphia from 1883 to 1886; chief en-
gineer of the Drainage and Water Sup-
ply Commission of Chicago in 1886 and
1887, and was afterward in charge of
various important waterworks and sew-
erage systems of many cities in the
United States and Canada, also in South
America, and included the following
named cities : New York, Philadelphia,

701

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

Baltimore, Washington, Chicago, San
Francisco, Los Angeles, Cleveland, Co-
lumbus, Indianapolis, Atlanta, Montgom-
ery and New Orleans, in the United
States ; and Victoria, Winnipeg, Ottawa,
Toronto, in Canada. From 1901 to 191 1
he was a member of the firm of Hering
& Fuller, hydraulic and sanitary en-
gineers, with offices in New York City.
The firm were consulting engineers to
the Department of Water Supply, Gas
and Electricity, of New York City ; to
the Sewerage and Water Board of New
Orleans ; to the Board of Public Service
of Columbus, Ohio, and other cities.
Since igii he has been a member of the
firm of Hering & Gregory.

Mr. Hering is a member of the Amer-
ican Society of Civil Engineers, the
Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, the
Institution of Civil Engineers of Great
Britain, the Western Society of Civil
Engineers, the Boston Society of Civil
Engineers, the Franklin Institute, and
the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia;
also of the American Water Works As-
sociation, the American Public Health
Association, and the New England
Water Works Association. He is a Fel-
low of the American Academy of
Sciences, member of the Municipal Art
Association, and of the Verein Deutscher
Ingenieure, Germany, of the Century
Club and Pennsylvania Society in New
York City.

Mr. Hering married (first) Fanny
Field Gregory, in 1873. She was born
December 4, 1849, ^t Keesville, New
York, daughter of Isaac Newton Greg-
ory, and had issue: i. Oswald Constan-
tin, born January 12, 1874, in Philadel-
phia. 2. Ardo, born March 7, 1880, in
Philadelphia, attended the Kings School
at Stamford, Connecticut, took a course
at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology, and at Harvard University. He
is a mechanical engineer and inventor of
note. Mr. Hering married (second) Her-

mine Buchheim, in 1895, and had chil-
dren : 3 . Dorothea, born August 25,
1895. 4. Paul E., born July 26, 1898. 5.
Margaret, born May 22, 1902.

HERING, Oswald Constantin,
Architect, Author.

Architecture gives play to man's noblest
creative genius. It appeals to his sense
of symmetry, ideality, and fitness as no
other profession or calling does, and it
develops his sense of utility and beauty,
which are the foundations of every art
and craft. It is the historic instinct of
other times interpreted in the light of
modern thought, blended with a sense of
the fitness of material to environment,
and the knowledge of how to adapt steel
and clay and stone to building purposes,
that distinguishes the architect from the
artisan. These faculties appear to have
been inherent in Oswald Constantin
Hering.

Oswald Constantin Hering, son of Ru-
dolph and Fanny Field (Gregory) Her-
ing, was born January 12, 1874, in Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania. He received ele-
mentary instruction in the public schools
of his native city and of Chicago, and at
the Lauterbach Academy of Philadelphia.
He took a course in the Philadelphia
Manual Training School, and studied at
the Wohler Schule, in Frankfort-on-the-
Main, Germany; he then attended
Chauncey Hall School, and the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology of Bos-
ton ; and he took a special course in
architecture at the Ecole Nationale des
Beaux Arts of Paris, France.

After completing his literary and tech-
nical studies he secured a position with
Hiss & Weekes, architects, in New York,
where he learned the practical details of
architectural drawing and design. He
continued with that firm about two years
until 1902, when he launched into the
profession on his own account. In 1910

702

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY

he formed a business partnership with
Douglass Fitch, and the two men thus
became associated architects under the
firm name of Hering & Fitch, with offices
now at No. 132 Madison avenue, New
York City. They are supervising archi-
tects for the Garden City Estates Com-
pany in Garden City, Long Island, and
for the McKnight Realty Company at
Great Neck, Long Island, and for other
improvements in and about New York
City. Mr. Hering planned and developed
"Lyndanwalt," a suburb of some two
hundred acres near Philadelphia, along
lines similar to the Tuxedo Park Colony
of New Jersey, and also a tract of fifty
acres known as "Ogontzel," at Ogontz,
Pennsylvania. He has designed a num-
ber of noted residences in different parts
of the country, namely: A residence for
Gage E. Tarbell, at Garden City, Long
Island; for Witherbee Black, at Pelham
Manor, New York ; for H. F. Fay, at
Lexington, Massachusetts ; for Butler
Sheldon, at Columbus, Ohio ; for Daniel
Bacon at Ardsley-on-the-Hudson, New
York; for W. E. Hering, at Abington,
Pennsylvania; and for Dr. H. T. Sadler,
of Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He planned
and was the supervising architect in the
construction of a residence for Frederick
R. Lefferts, at Belmar, New Jersey; for
Hon. George W. Fairchild, and for Harry
J. Luce, at Garden City, Long Island,
New York ; and designed several houses
for the late Timothy L. Woodruff, Lieu-
tenant Governor of New York, at Ja-
maica, Long Island.

In religion and politics Mr. Hering has

independent views, but allies himself with
whatever policy seems best for the com-
mon good of all. He is a member of the
Pennsylvania Society of New York, like-
wise of the Municipal Art Society, and
of the Architectural League of New
York; a member of the American Insti-
tute of Architects, of the Society of
Beaux Arts Architects, and of the Delta
Kappa Epsilon fraternity, of which he is
councilor. He is president of his frater-
nity alumni association, a governor of the
Technology Club of New York, and a
member of The Players' Club of New
York. He is the author of "Concrete and
Stucco Houses," a book for architects,
builders and laymen, published in 1912;
and of several articles which appeared in
"Country Life of America," viz.: "A
Metamorphosis of the Twins," August,
1908; "A Dismal Mansion Re-Born,"
September, 1909; and a "Design and
Specification for an Inexpensive Brick
Bungalow," in 1912. Besides these, he
has from time to time contributed ar-
ticles to various publications ; and he may
be classed as one of the most promising
architectural designers in plastic and
stucco materials to be found in the coun-
try.

Mr. Hering married Catherine March
Clark, daughter of James Wilson and
Sibyl (Fay) Clark, in 1903, in New York
City. She was born October 7, 1880, in
New York City, and is a member of the
Mayflower Society, No. 572, eleventh in
descent from Richard Warren. Child,
James Wilson Clark, born July 9, 1904,
in New York City.

703

INDEX

ADDENDA AND ERRATA

Brumbaugh, p. 463, ist col., 43rd line, Jacob Brumbaugh should be Johannes H. Brumbaugh.
Simon, p. 465, John Bernard (2) Simon at the time of his death was a member of the Dauphin County
Historical Society, having held membership from 1884.

INDEX

Aiken, Alexander H., 410

Henry, 403

Robert K., 410
Allen, John, 428

Perry S., 427, 428

Richard B., 429

Samuel, 427
Baer, Eugene W., 695

Frederick J., 693

Jacob F., 693
Bailey, Charles L., z^44

Francis, 558

James M., 558, 559

John W., 639

Leon O., 638. 640

Robert, 639

Rozel, 639

William E., 443

William Elder, 443
Bastian, Morris C, 433
Bausman, Joseph H., 522
Bloxham, Clarence L., 482
Bowser, Sylvester F., 682
Braden, Andre, 552

James, 552

Noble J., 553
Brandon, Washington D., 391
Brown, Dickson O., 582

Samuel Q., 582
"■■'Brumbaugh, Martin G., 463
Butler, John, 469

Zebulon, 469, 470
Caldwell, John, 576

William A., 388

Campbell, Bruce H.. 612

Jacob M., 612

James J., 392, 393

Joseph, 393
Carlin, Thomas, 551

Thomas H., 525

William J., 551
Carnahan, Jay W., 580
Caughey, Andrew, 474
Clemens, J., 474, 475

Francis, 474

John, 475

William M., 475
Chess, Walter, 394
Church, Samuel, 419

Samuel H., 419, 421

William, 419
Clift, Edward H., 490
Cope, Caleb, 697

Porter F., 696, 698
Corson, Charles, 448

John J., 448

John Jacobs, 448
Croxton, John G., 369
Crumrine, Hon. Boyd, 516
Dare, Arthur, 377
Darlington, Abraham, 661

James H., 623

Smedley, 661

Thomas, 661

William, 657
Dent, Henry H., 379
Doran, Joseph I., 672, 673

Joseph M., 673

707

INDEX

Michael, 672
Edwards, Frederick W., 390

George B., 629
Ehrgood, Hon. Allen W., 371
Elkins, George W., 457

William L., 455

William M., 454, 458
Elwood, Robert D., 402
Ely, Warren S., 556
Fairlamb, Charles, 579

Frederick, 578

John, 578

John F., 578, 580

Joseph, 579

Nicholas, 578
Fell, Albert D., 669

Catherine T., 669
Fetterolf, Adam H., 450
Field, Benjamin R., 499
Fleming, Dr. Andrew, 399
Fow, John H., 386
Frantz, Daniel, 648

Theodore P., 648, 649
Freyman, George, 676

William G., 676
Frueauff, Frank W., 487

John F., 487
Gans, Milton H., 591
Gibson, Capt. Francis M., 488, 489

James, 488

James G., 488
Gobble, Aaron E., d'j'j
Gordon, Alexander, 608

George B., 608

John, 608
Graham, George S., 504, 505

Harry Lee, 449

James H., 505

Thomas, 449
Grim, Henry A., 418
.Guthrie, George W., 652, 653

James V., 652

John B., 652
Haas, Rev. J. A. W., 370
Hadden, Armstrong, 555

James, 554, 556
Harvey, Edward, 609

George T., 609

Hassler, Amos, 447
Hayden, Horace E., 549
Heilner, George C, 468

Marcus G., 468

Samuel, 468
Hemphill, Alexander, 523

Joseph, 522, 523, 524

William, 523
Henry, Eugene T., 645

George S., 646

Joseph A., 646

Philip W., 644, 646

William, 645

William H., 644
Hering, Constantin, 702

Oswald C, 701

Rudolph, 701
Himes, Charles F., 571
Hodge, Hugh, 598

Hugh L., 598

John A., 599

Richard, 598

Richard M., 599
Hodgson, John, 606

William H., 606
Holland, William J., 624
Holt, Richard S., 372, 373

Samuel J., 373
Hosack, George M., 616
Hunsicker, Abraham, 492

Alvin, 490, 494

Henry, 491

Henry A., 493

Valentine, 490
Hunt, Azor R., 458
Imbrie, Addison M., 398
Johnston, James, 567

Samuel, 412

Samuel R., 412

William A., 567

William G., 412, 413
Jordan, Francis, 374

John W., 374
Keen, Frank H., 510, 511

George B., 511
Kilroe, Edwin P., 504

John C, 504
Lambing, Andrew A., 497
708

INDEX

Larkin, Madison F., 665
Lawrence, John J., 597

Joseph, 597

William W., 597
Lindner, Henry, 679

John, 679
Lyon, Alexander P., 668

George A., 668

John, 668

John D., 667, 669

William, 668
McCargo, David, 430
McCague, George E., 650
McClintock, Oliver, 500, 503

Washington, 501
McCormick, Col. Henry, 685, 686

James, 685, 686

Thomas, 685

Vance C, 688

William, 686
McKelvy, James, 415

James P., 414, 416

John H., 416

John S., 415

William M., 568
McKinney, William S., 411
Mc:Mechen, Ruth B., 560
IV'Iagill, Edward W., 595
Main, Andrew, 585

William, 585, 588
Marshall, Israel W., 636

John, 635

J. Warren, 637

Robert, 636

T. Clarence, 637

T. Elwood, 637
Mason, Harrison D., 621

Dean K., 622

Henry L., 542

Henry Lee, 543
Meade, George G., 570
Mears, Clem B., 485
Miller, Reuben, 507

Reuben, Jr., 507

Wilson, 509
Milne, Caleb J., 512

David, 512
Montgomery, Thomas L., 537

Moon, Reuben O., 445

William, 445
Moore, John B., 478

Samuel E., 478
Moren, John, 613
Muhlenberg, Henry M.. 438

John P. G., 439
Mullikin, William T., 563
Newhard, Henry P., 436
Newmyer, Jacob, 483

John S., 483

Peter, 483
Ormrod, George, 381

John D., 384
Ott, Isaac, 506
Page, S. Davis, 618, 619

William B., 619
Parke, Thomas E., 615
Patterson, Alexander H.. 467

Arthur, 467
Paxton, John, 593

Rev. John R., 591, 594

Thomas, 592
Penn, William, 562
Philips, George, 544

George M., 544

John, 544
Pitcairn, Artemas, 642
Post, George A., 480
Potts, Frederick A., 473

George H., 470, 471

Hugh H., 471

John, 470

Thomas, 470
Prowell, George R., 590
Randolph, Charles, 561

Edmund D., 561

Edward, 561
Reader, Francis S., 526
Reeder, Andrew H.. 459

Gen. Frank, 459, 461

Howard J., 461
Register, Henry C, 583

Isaac H., 583
Reid, Charles H., 546
Reilly, John C, 396
Richards, Henry M. M.. 436. 439
709

INDEX

Richards, Matthias, 476

Rev. John W., 437
Rose, Robert H., 586
Schoen, Charles T., 600
Schwab, Charles M., 452
Seaman, Elias, 432

Johan L., 432

John, 432

Joseph S., 432
Semple, Francis, 656

John B., 654, 655

William, 655
Sharpies, Philip M., 689
Simon, Clara L., 467

David, 465

Herman, 538

*John B., 465
St. Clair, Gen. Arthur, 564
Steckel, Reuben P., 435
Stone, Rufus B., 674
Taylor, Charles L., 534
Thaw, Benjamin, 669

John, 669
Thomas, Hopkin, 683, 685

James, 683, 684

Thompson, James, 631

William, 632
Thomson, John, 553
Townsend, David C. O., 573
Tredway, William T., 476
Trexler, Col. Harry C, 434
Ure, Rev. David M., 385
Vare, William S., 375
Welsh, Judson P., 671
Wheeler, Amos, 514

Herbert L., 513, 515

Jonas, 514

Josiah, 515

Lyman A., 515

Thomas, 513

Timothy, 513
Whitehead, Rt. Rev. Cortlandt,
Wigley, Arthur B., 379
Wilson, Joseph R., 574
Wister, William, 633

William R., 633
Young, Christian, 405

Edward B., 407

Edward M., 405, 408

Joseph, 406

540

710

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