ICM
!*r
IOO
ICO
X — X
GARDEN
•// ///,- /7-/// <,„} /^'cMJurn'*-
V SM™'e&&i£s^y/^J
(^:KIP BADESLADE. HARRIS 'k
\ •'• N. '"N ^ / iJ'-m
'.-j a
'> y ?
?W -d(JS//t' K-*
*»*•
<JJZp/f*
von.
.4.
^J» ^eS-JzfuVXtf.-
Ste
' .'j
r/
ENGLISH HOUSES &GARDENS
in She f»att0J&$' centuries,
O o s s / o
reproduced from/ VonzeTnporapi/ \3narabtn0s
J c/ j C7 & c/
KIP, BADESLADE, HARRIS and OTHERS
MERVYN MACARTNEY B. A., F. S.A.
LONDON. MCMVm
h
Nf\
7322
/
Preface.
THE intention of this book is to collect from various sources not generally known a series of
the fascinating bird's eye views by Kip, KnyfF, Loggan, Badeslade, Harris, Burghers and others made
at the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries, and it is hoped that
a volume ot convenient size has been compiled which will be both attractive and instructive.
Most of the engravings reproduced appear in rare county histories and books of views of the
period, and in making the present selection it is believed that every necessary book and print bearing
on the subject has been consulted. The views of royal palaces, such as Hampton Court, Whitehall,
&c., have been omitted as not being within the scope of the present publication. The reproductions
speak for themselves, for it will be seen that they give not only the detail but retain much of the
spirit of the original engravings.
I am indebted to my Publisher for much help and many suggestions, while to Mr. Walter Spiers,
Mr. Francis Bacon, Sir Robert Romer, Mr. Elder Duncan, Miss Florence Davidson, Mrs. Arthur
Stratton, and particularly Mr. Harry Batsford, my best thanks are due for their valuable assistance
in the preparation of the notes, and to Mr. Ingleson C. Goodison for his effective designs for
title-pages.
MERVYN MACARTNEY.
LONDON, Ju/y, 1908.
LIST OF SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED.
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED.
NOTE : The aatei given oj the houses are oj the earliest or c hie) portion oj the ivorl^ done in their erection. The spelling here an,i in
the text is that of the modern names, and sometimes Jifftrs from that on the plate.
PLATE
NUMBER.
NAME OF PLACE.
43 ACKLAM HALL.
50 ALDINGTON.
28 AMBROSDEN.
8 ANDERSON'S PLACE,
NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.
80 BADMINTON.
66 BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD.
15 BATSFORD.
3 BEAUFORT HOUSE, CHELSEA.
36,37 BELTON HOUSE.
4 BOARSTALL.
81 BRETBY.
17 BROOME PARK.
84 CHATSWORTH.
18 CHEVENING.
67 CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD.
26 DAWLEY.
12 DEANE PARK.
14 DODDINGTON HALL.
23 DUNHAM MASSIE.
APPROXIMATE
APPROXIMATt
COUNTY.
DATE
DATE OF
DRAUGHTSMAI
OF HOUSE.
ENGRAVING.
Yorkshire.
ca. 1695.
1707.
L. Knyff.
Kent.
ca. i 700.
1719.
T. Badeslade.
Oxfordshire.
,675.
1695.
W. Kcnnctt.
Northumberland.
1550.
1707.
L. Knyff.
Gloucestershire.
1682.
I707.
L. Knyft.
Oxfordshire.
i 263.
1675.
1). Loggan.
Gloucestershire.
ca. 1600.
1712.
J. Kip.
Middlesex.
1521.
1707.
L. Knyff.
Lincolnshire.
1686-89.
Undated.
T. Badeslade.
Buckinghamshire.
ca. 1500.
1695.
M. Burghers.
Derbyshire.
1684.
1707.
L. Knyff.
Kent.
1620.
1719.
T. Badeslade.
Derbyshire.
1685.
1707.
L. Knyff.
Kent.
1630.
1719.
T. Badeslade.
Oxfordshire.
1525.
1675.
D. Loggan.
Middlesex.
ca. 1682-1700.
1707.
L. Knyff.
Kent.
1566.
1719.
T. Badeslade.
Lincolnshire.
'595-
1707.
L. Knyff.
Cheshire.
1650.
1707.
L. Knyff.
ENGRAVER.
J. Kip.
J. Kip.
M. Burghers.
J. Kip.
J. Kip.
D. Loggan.
J. Kip.
J. Kip.
T. Badeslade.
M. Burghers.
J. Kip.
J. Harris.
J. Kip.
J. Kip.
D. Loggan.
J. Kip.
J. Harris.
J. Kip.
J. Kip.
List of Subjects Illustrated.
NAME OK PLACE.
COUNTY.
DATE
DATE OF
DRAUGHTSMAN.
ENGRAVER.
NUMBER.
OF HOUSE.
ENGRAVING.
44
EATON HALL.
Cheshire.
1695.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
J.
Kip.
45
EATON HALL.
Cheshire.
1695.
1740.
T.
Badcslade.
W
. H. Thorns.
fil
EMMANUEL COLLEGE,
Cambridgeshire.
1584.
1688.
D.
Loggan.
D.
Loggan.
CAMBRIDGE.
il
FAIRFORD.
Gloucestershire.
1691.
1712.
|.
Kip.
J-
Kip.
2t
FROGNAL.
Kent.
ca. I 700.
1719.
T.
Badeslade.
J.
Harris.
22
GREAT RIBSTON.
Yorkshire.
1647.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
J-
Kip.
13
HAMMELLS.
Hertfordshire.
ca. i 580.
1700.
J.
Drapentier.
J.
Drapentier.
27
HAMPSTEAD MARSHALL.
Berkshire.
1665.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
I.
Kip.
32
HATLEY ST. GEORGE.
Cambridgeshire.
1684.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
J-
Kip.
42
H1GHGATE, SIR W. ASH-
Middlesex.
1694.
I7l6.
J-
Harris.
J.
Harris.
HURST'S HOUSE.
16
INGESTRE HALL.
Staffordshire.
1 60 1.
l686.
M.
. Burghers.
M
. Burghers.
11
INGLEBY MANOR.
Yorkshire.
1560.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
J-
Kip.
53
INGRESS ABBEY.
Kent.
ca. 1 700.
1719.
T.
Badcslade.
J.
Kip.
6
KING'S WESTON.
Gloucestershire.
'53°-
1712.
J-
Kip.
J-
Kip.
2
KNOLE.
Kent.
,456.
1707.
J-
Kip.
J-
Kip.
21
LITTLE COMPTON.
Gloucestershire.
1642.
1712.
J.
Kip.
J.
Kip.
39
MELTON CONSTABLE.
Norfolk.
1687.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
J.
Kip.
47
MOUNT MORRIS.
Kent.
ca. 1680.
I/IO.
T.
Badeslade.
J-
Harris.
58
NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD.
Oxfordshire.
1386.
1675.
D.
Loggan.
D.
Loggan.
7
NEW PLACE.
Hertfordshire.
ca. 1570.
1700.
J-
Drapentier.
J-
Drapentier.
52
VIEW OF NOTTINGHAM.
Nottinghamshire.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
J.
Kip.
PLAN OF NEWDIGATE HOUSE,
1706.
1728.
. . P . . .
NOTTINGHAM.
60
PEMBROKE COLLEGE,
/•*»
Cambridgeshire.
I348-
1688.
D.
Loggan.
D.
Loggan.
CAMBRIDGE.
List of Subjects Illustrated.
PLATE
NUMBER.
NAMt OK PLACi
1 PENSHURST PLACE.
46 RAGLEY.
48 RENDCOMBE.
y RYCOTT.
29 SANDY WELL.
20 SARSDEN.
51 SHOBDON COURT.
38 SQUERRIES.
40 STANSTED HOUSE.
5-t STANTON HAROLD.
5 SUNDRIDGE PLACE.
35 UP PARKE.
5-J WADHAM COLLEGE,
OXFORD.
55 WENTWORTH CASTLE.
JO WESTBURY COURT.
49 WILLIAMSTRIP.
19 WIMPOLE.
25 WINDSOR, ST. ALBANS
HOUSE.
33 WREST.
COUNTY.
APPROXIMATE APPROXIMATE
DATE DATE OK MR \L'<,HTsM AN.
ENGRAVER.
OF HOUSE.
ENGRAVING
Kent.
'34'-
1778.
L.
Knyff.
J. Kip.
Warwickshire.
1698.
1707.
L.
KnyfF.
J. Kip.
Gloucestershire.
c.i. 1 700.
1712.
J.
Kip.
1. Kip.
Oxfordshire.
1550.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
1. Kip.
Gloucestershire.
1680.
1716.
J.
Kip.
J. Kip.
Oxfordshire.
1641.
'695.
M.
Burghers.
M. Burghers
Herefordshire.
CM. 1705.
1716.
J.
Kip.
J. Harris.
Kent.
ca. 1686.
I/IO.
T.
Badeslade.
J. Harris.
Sussex.
1687.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
1. Kip.
Leicestershire.
ca. 1630.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
J. Kip.
Kent.
I 520.
1710.
J-
Kip.
J. Kip.
Sussex.
1685.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
J. Kip.
Oxfordshire.
1613.
.675.
1).
Loggan.
D. Loggan.
Yorkshire.
1708.
<73°-
T.
Badeslade.
J. Harris.
Gloucestershire.
1550.
1712.
J-
Kip.
J. Kip
Gloucestershire.
ca. 1680.
1716.
J.
Kip.
|. Kip.
Cambridgeshire.
1632 and later.
170-.
L.
Knyft'.
J. Kip.
Berkshire.
Reign of
Charles II.
1707.
L.
Knyff.
J. Kip.
Bedfordshire.
1685.
1707.
L.
Knyft".
J. Kip.
ENGLISH HOUSES & GARDENS IN
THE XVIlTH & XVIIlTH CENTURIES.
INTRODUCTION.
ON looking through the old engravings from which the illustrations in this work have been
selected, it is at once realised that the period they chiefly illustrate is one of exceptional attraction
to all who feel interested in English architecture. Almost all the buildings depicted in the
views reproduced were built between the years 1550 and 1720, that is, from about the accession of
Queen Elizabeth to shortly after the death of Queen Anne, a period which includes the work
of England's two greatest architects, Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren, as well as of lesser men
like Webb, Talman, Vanbrugh, and others.
An attempt has been made to break up this stretch of time into three divisions, i.e., Tudor
and Elizabethan ; Early ; and Late Stuart ; and to add a fourth for Collegiate buildings, which form
a class by themselves. All such divisions must of necessity be to some extent arbitrary, as some
examples, though practically similar, may fall chronologically into different sections, but it is believed
this arrangement follows as nearly as possible the natural divisions of the architecture. The first
includes early types of houses such as Penshurst, and Tudor examples as illustrated in the views of
Sundridge and Rycott, etc., down to the end of the sixteenth century. The second and smallest division,
from 1600 — 1650,13 interesting as showing in its examples the transition between the early and late
Renaissance. One or two instances indicate a rather advanced character, or though built during
i B
Introduction.
this period have been subsequently altered to a more classic style, e.g., Wimpole and Chevening.
The third and most important division runs from 1650 and includes late Renaissance houses. As
far as possible a date has been assigned to each building, but in several instances it has not been
possible to do so from the records available, as no precise information has been forthcoming, and to
ascertain exact dates would have involved an amount of research which was not deemed necessary
for the purposes of this book.
The aim has been to place before the reader views of actual buildings with their setting, showing
how completely they carried out the contentions of some modern architects as to the necessary relation
of the house to its surroundings. The house fits its site with due orderly accompaniment of garden,
terraces, and courtyards. It is evident from the plates that there was a distinct tendency towards the
classic style of building. Symmetry of design became the prevailing feature, not only of the main
block but of the surrounding buildings. An orderly balance of the several groups was an essential
part of the design, whether of a grand mansion or of a country house.
The most interesting fact is the evolution of the fine country mansion as shown in Up Parke,
Stansted, Melton Constable, Belton, etc. As far as the domestic planning goes, it varies but little
from the modern house. In fact, in taking a plan like that of the well-known house at Eltham, it is
almost exactly what a common-sense architect would make for a client at the present day. It is rather
curious to note that we have gone back at this time to this period — to Inigo Jones, Sir Christopher
Wren, Webb, Talman, and Vanbrugh, rather than to Kent and Colin Campbell.
It is this type of house that is known throughout the world as the English country house, carefully
planned for use and comfort. It has never been surpassed for these qualities, and seems likely to
remain for an indefinite period as the best exponent of such features as convenient arrangement of
rooms, efficient offices, and good lighting. There is no attempt at fanciful architecture, such as
artificial cosy nooks and various inane attempts to procure picturesque effects, but instead a soberness
ii
Introduction.
of design and common-sense intention to meet the necessities of the case which must appeal to all
sensible minds.
Further, at this time, the art of designing and laying-out formal gardens with their
accessories was at its height, and the extensive use of wrought-iron work for gates and railings had
just come into fashion.
It is also important to notice that these views give reproductions of many mansions of
good architectural design existing no longer, or in so altered a state as to be almost unrecog-
nisable. In facr, the value of these old engravings as a record has not been sufficiently recognised.
From the views it is clear how the exaggeration of clipped hedge and parterre ended in such
excess that it caused a revulsion which ended in their extinction. The craze for more breadth of
treatment swept throughout the land, and there was in consequence the introduction of the disastrous
landscape garden mania which in its fury destroyed the whole of the garden, and left the house
a poor forlorn object, set in a field of formless slopes and serpentine paths without relation to its
surroundings. The gardens appear to have disappeared almost entirely by the third quarter of the
eighteenth century, and the elaborate and beautiful ironwork went with them. In the course of researches
made while this book has been in progress, some exceedingly interesting examples have been noted
showing the rapidity and completeness of these changes. Atkyn's " History of Gloucestershire " was
published in 1720, and Rudder's History of the same county, issued some sixty years later, illustrates
four of the houses shown in the former, namely, Williamstrip, Batsford, Rendcombe, and Sandywell, but
they are completely transformed ; brief notes on these changes appear under their separate descriptions.
These engravings also give a spirited and not altogether inadequate idea of the life of the period.
As Mr. J. L. Roget wrote a few years since : — " These views are enlivened with countless figures and
objects which, small as they are, tell their historic tale of the habits and manners of the time. Six-horse
coaches with running footmen roll up the stately avenues ; guests at the grand house play bowls on «he
iii
Introduction.
greensward ; the master mounts his hunter for a run with the hounds ; pasture and arable land are duly
distinguished by herds and flocks, and harvest scenes ; deer are in the park, and heavy wains with
long-drawn teams lumber along the high road."
There is a distinct family likeness running through the views, especially in the case of the
gardens, and consequently doubts have been thrown on their correctness. At first sight it seems
that the lay-out of some of the gardens may have been somewhat improved or embellished, but
on examination suspicions of the draughtsman's accuracy usually appear unfounded, for several of
the gardens have fortunately been preserved until this day. To be exact, those of Doddington
and Westbury Court are extant, whilst others, such as Knole, Hampstead Marshall, Wrest,
Belton, Melton Constable, and Sundridge, though altered and maimed, still show sufficient traces of
the original arrangement to enable one to reconstruct the plan of the gardens as originally designed.
The accuracy of the smaller details seems remarkable ; it has been pointed out that the gate piers
at Hampstead Marshall, practically the only architectural feature remaining, stand to-day in the
position indicated by Kip. The gates at Wimpole correspond exactly with a design in Tijou's book,
and Badeslade's view of Eaton gives a very faithful record, even in detail, of the fine gates,
fortunately still extant.
It is perhaps worth mentioning that at Squerries, in spite of long continued neglect and
destructive alteration, the remains of the two fountains and of the bridge have recently been
discovered. Up Parke, Belton, and Melton Constable are instances among others in which
the view, save for subsequent trifling changes, represents the house as standing to-day, and Shobdon
Court, though subjected to greater alteration, corresponds in its main features. Doubtless other
instances of accuracy could be revealed by a minute examination.
No one of the artists who depicted these views was of commanding genius, so that the accounts
of their lives and works are meagre. As their names indicate, they were mostly foreigners. One
iv
Introduction.
is surprised that more is not known about Knyff and Kip, for they must have travelled up and
down England making drawings an 1 plans of the mansions and houses of the principal owners, and
thus come into contact with many notable people. Badeslade appears to have been one of the few
Englishmen drawing these bird's-eye views, and his were generally engraved by another Englishman,
John Harris. The examples of their work illustrated in the present volume show that these native
artists were little, if at all, inferior to the foreigners in depicting the houses and gardens of their time.
The house and garden were at this time always designed in relation to one another, and there
is no doubt that the great architects must have had a hand in the arrangement of the grounds. A
due regard is shown in these plans for the laying-out of the surrounding land that is satisfactory,
and appeals more particularly to the imagination of an architect. We have rectangular spaces with
walls, terraces, and points of importance marked by summer houses, mounds and trellised bowers.
The oft-quoted essay of Bacon seems to fit the scene, and we can by aid of these examples reconstruct
the type of garden he loved.
Taking the chief features of garden design in sequence, the following points of interest are
worthy of mention : —
AVENUES, GROVES, BOSQUETS.
These subjects belong rather to forestry and to the park than to the garden proper. On the other
hand, hedges, mazes, and all works carried out in shrubs have their place in the garden itself; but since
avenues and groves form part of the general plan, they may be dealt with shortly here.
Avenues were used with great effect by Le Notre, and in a measure formed the key-note of
his designs, for radiating vistas, cut at intervals by cross paths or carrefours, were introduced into
all his grand conceptions. But few of these remain in England ; Hampton Court is perhaps the
Introduction.
best known example, and also one of the most satisfactory. Le Notre is supposed also to have planned
St. James's Park and Greenwich, and many places now claim to have had his attention, but there
seems no reliable evidence that he did any work in this country. Badminton was laid out on heroic
lines, and some of it as depicted by Kip must have been carried out, as tradition says that Lord
Worcester's neighbours were so impressed by the idea of these lines of trees that they allowed them to
be carried through their own properties.
Several of the plates show elaborate " lay-outs " of groves and bosquets, which were favourite forms
of garden design amongst the French designers, who sometimes placed them in the garden too near the
house, so as seriously to obstruct the view and interfere with the general effect. Thickly-planted groves
of beech trees were part of the magnificent schemes of Le Notre, cut in fanciful patterns by paths which
formed cabinets, theatres, etc., in these sylvan retreats. They are still to be seen at Versailles and other
places. We find examples in the plates at Badminton, Belton, Wentworth, Chatsworth, Kingsweston,
Chevening, Frognal, and elsewhere ; but their amenity was doubtful in our climate, and they were soon
abandoned.
ARBOURS, PERGOLAS, TRELLISES, AND AVIARIES.
The etymology of the word " arbour," from " herbere," shows that it was a bower or shelter
formed by creepers. They were always of wood, usually shown with vines and roses trained over
them, and are sometimes found on the top of mounds. They were introduced from warmer climes,
where shade was a desideratum, and where the drawbacks of damp and chilliness did not outweigh
this advantage. There are several examples shown ; for instance, in Loggan's views of Christchurch
and Balliol, also at Boarstall, Dawley, and Wimpole. They are intimately connected with trellises,
and are only to be differentiated from the latter by the fact that they usually had a curved wood
covering like the lilt of a wagon.
vi
Introduction.
VARIOUS FORMS OF
PARTERRE.
1. Partenes of Embroidery.
2. ,, of Compartments.
3. „ after the English
manner.
The pergola is of Italian extraction, and gets its name from a kind
of grape which was trained over a trellis so as to form a shady walk.
Later the term was extended to cover any kind of outlook roofed with
creepers. It only appears in two of the plates.
Aviaries have been included in this section as being of a kindred
description. They are mostly of wood, but few remain. The writer
knows of one only, viz. at Stowe, but instances are shown in the illus-
trations at Great Ribston, Belton, Bretby, and Wimpole.
KNOTS, PARTERRES, AND BOWLING GREENS.
"KNOT" is the old English term for an intricate geometrical bed,
and was superseded by the parterre. Old designs show a rectangular
plot broken into strips and patterns ; frequently the path area equalled the
grass. A parterre (both word and subject are French) is a part or
compartment of a garden set out in a geometric form with patterns in
grass, sand or flowers, and complete in itself; it may be most elaborate or
of the simplest form. In James' " Theory and Practice of Gardening,"
translated from the French (1712), parterres are divided into four classes,
and a reproduction of part of an elaborate design from his book is
annexed.
i. THE PARTERRE OF EMBROIDERY (Parterres de Broderie}. — In this,
delicate and intricate patterns like lace were set out with box edgings,
with occasionally a " scroll " of grass work (see figure). The ground
vii
Introduction.
was covered with sand, and the " broderie " between the edgings filled with black earth, iron filings or
" smith's dust," etc. Contemporary garden writers call this type the most magnificent of all, but the
effect, though elaborate, must have been unpleasant and unsuited to England. The excesses of this
kind of parterre undoubtedly led to the revulsion of feeling against the formal garden. An excellent
example is shown at Bretby (Plate XXII.), and another at Great Ribston (Plate XXXI.).
2. PARTERRES OF COMPARTMENTS. — These were similar to the foregoing ; indeed the distinction
is not a great one, but they were filled with a greater proportion of grass, usually set out in " knots " or
small beds instead of " scrolls," and were symmetrical if bisected in either direction, which the " parterre
de broderie " was not, being symmetrical only on one axis. James recommends that the " ground " of
the parterre should be filled with sand, and the narrow paths between the compartments with powdered
tiles and brick dust. Very few examples occur in these illustrations.
3. PARTERRES AFTER THE ENGLISH MANNER. — These consisted of grass plots either in one
geometric bed, or cut into several pieces by intersecting paths. It was recommended that a flower
border should encompass the whole, separated from the grass-work by a path. These were con-
temptuously dismissed by the eighteenth-century garden writers as " the plainest and meanest of
all," yet the treatment seems to be rational, pleasant, and suited to the English climate ; indeed it
has survived till now. " Parterres a 1'Anglaise " occur on almost every plate, but those at Rycott,
Shobdon, and Rendcombe may be specially mentioned, and the garden at Hampstead Marshall is
practically confined to them.
4. PARTERRES OF CUT WORK. — In these the space was cut into beds of regular geometric shape
by various paths, and each bed had a raised box- edging, and was filled with flowers. Though James
speaks of it in a lukewarm way as out of fashion, this style again is decidedly effective and has never
been banished from our gardens. Examples may be seen in the plates of Sandywell, Dawley,
Williamstrip, and several others.
viii
Introduction.
The first two kinds of parterre were undoubtedly objectionable and formed but a passing fashion,
but the others are excellent methods of garden design. There were of course many other ways of
treatment, many variations and combinations of these forms, but the main idea can be gathered from the
illustration from James' book.
The term "BOWLING-GREEN" originally meant, as its name implies, a place where the game of
bowls was played. As adopted by the French, who spelt it " Boulingrin," it came to mean a sunk
panel of grass, ornamented by paths, flowers, or any other devices worked into regular designs.
The French absurdly derived the word from " bowl," anything round, and " green," meaning
grass-work ; taking the bowl to mean that the panel was sunk beneath the level of the surrounding
ground. The purpose of this sinking was in reality to prevent the bowls rolling away. The
English, in their turn, adopted the French meaning of the word.
TERRACES, BALUSTRADES, AND GATE-PIERS.
Terraces, as elaborated, were also an alien importation introduced from Italy, and largely employed
in France and on the Continent. Of course we in England have some fine examples of earlier date,
as at Haddon, Hatfield, Chatsworth, Montacute, etc. The most original instances are to be found
in Scotland, at Balcaskie and Barncluith, where they were rendered necessary by the configuration of the
ground.
In this connection it is natural that we should speak of balustrades, which are often used as
parapets where the terrace is supported by a perpendicular wall. Though the scale of the drawings
in the plates is somewhat minute, still it is possible to discover some of the details of the
balustrades and piers. The ordinary stone variety seems to be very largely employed, with a
height from 3 feet to 3 feet 6 inches, panels of about 12 feet, and 1 8-inch piers. In design the
ix c
Introduction.
baluster is a free translation from the classic, rather tending to a version resembling turned
wood. Occasionally we find pierced stone used of about 3 inches thickness, as at Claverton and
Bradford. Of course iron and wood are more often used for railings and for balusters, as at Saresden,
Ambrosden, and Mount Morris. The most common form of gate-pier is a square pier usually left
plain or but slightly ornamented, surmounted by one of the following finials : a stone ball, an urn,
an obelisk, or a heraldic beast, if the owner of the house had any pretension to bear arms.
Terraces appear in almost every garden illustrated, but the following places call for special
mention : Rycott, Bretby, Chatsworth, Stanton Harold, Chelsea, Rendcombe, Great Ribston, Ingress,
Wimpole, Highgate, Broome, and Ingestre.
ALCOVES, BANQUETING-HOUSES, ORANGERIES, AND SUMMER-HOUSES.
It is difficult to discriminate between these buildings, for they were often used for the same
purpose, as we know was the case at Kensington Palace. Ribston has a variety of outbuildings,
but it is hardly possible to determine their several purposes. They are classical in detail, and may
have been used for outdoor meals, or retreats from the heat or extremes of weather. At Bretby there
are similar buildings. It is evident from the plates that the nobility and gentry of that date, in
their anxiety to be in the fashion, adopted many ideas from foreign lands which are unsuited to our
climate, and which by now have almost entirely disappeared ; for instances of this see Dawley. Some
of the designs for orangeries show us that it is not inevitable that a greenhouse should be an eyesore, as
it too often is at present.
The uses of the summer-house and alcove are distinguished by London as follows : that the
latter is meant to catch the sun in winter and the former to afford shade in the summer.
In the representation of the garden at Eaton Hall, two semicircular buildings appear which
x
Introduction.
resemble in some degree the alcove in Kensington Gardens. They were later on replaced by
larger rectangular buildings, seen in the second view.
There is no doubt that with the introduction of foreign artists and architects in the reigns of
Charles II. and William and Mary, fresh designs of outdoor embellishment of gardens were introduced.
Summer-houses, etc., are of doubtful practical use in this country owing to the climate, though they
are certainly pleasing objects in garden design. Pergolas, alcoves and summer-houses must go, as
they cannot be kept sufficiently free from damp to be safely employed. The experiment has been
tried times out of number, but the result is always the same ; they become dank and unwhole-
some. It is one of the penalties we have to pay for our luxuriant lawns and flower-borders.
There are many examples scattered among the plates, in addition to those mentioned at Eaton
Hall and Bretby ; at Deane, for instance, Dawley, Westbury, Hammels, and Up Parke.
SUNDIALS.
Sundials are attractive details of garden architecture, and we find some interesting examples in the
various designs here collected. Single figures supporting globes and spheres are seen in the gardens
of Balliol College and Wadham. Wall dials are also illustrated at Balliol College and Pembroke
College, and most interesting instances of garden dials are given in Loggan's views of New College and
Pembroke College.
METAL-WORK, GATES, AND IRONWORK.
The manufacture and employment of ironwork for gates and railings had just got beyond its
inning when the first of these views were made. The earlier plates by Burghers and Loggan
xi
Introduction.
(which represent houses built certainly before 1690) sometimes give gates entirely of wood ; others are
interesting as showing the transition from wood to iron. At Saresden and Ambrosden there are wooden
gates and railings crowned with iron spikes. Ragley, Fairford, and Wentworth show plain iron
railings with ornamental iron cresting, which may be regarded as the next stage in development. The
latter example also has the piers pierced with ironwork — an almost unique treatment, which, however,
occurs again at the Deanery, Chester-le-Street. A great many gates are quite plain, even where
the house is imposing ; the fine piers at Hampstead Marshall and Wrest have perfectly simple ones.
Good examples occur at Rendcombe and Dawley.
Several of the Kentish houses have exceedingly fine and elaborate ironwork, e.g., Frognal,
Chevening, Squerries, etc. In some cases this appears in the inner courts, but the outer have plain
wooden railings, surmounted by occasional obelisks, as at Mount Morris, Frognal, and Deane. The
view of Wimpole shows an undoubted instance, since destroyed, by Tijou, who, though a foreigner,
played a most important part in the development of the craft in England ; indeed, to him it may be
almost said to owe its birth with us as an art. Fine gates are shown in the plates of Belton and Eaton,
both of which still remain, though altered in position and restored.
The rage for landscape gardening which arose about the middle of the eighteenth century brought
with it an abhorrence of all enclosures, and hence many fine specimens of the art were taken down and
broken up, or left to rust away.
STATUARY.
The use of statuary seems to have been of considerable importance, but it is doubtful if it existed
to the extent indicated by some of the drawings. Lead figures came in rather later than the dates of our
illustrations, and there is no evidence available of any school of sculpture which could have produced
xii
Introduction.
the statues shown in the plates. Some certainly existed in bronze, but the fact of their being specially
noted points to their being of infrequent existence.
A tew statues occur on the majority of the plates, but Deane shows an exceptionally large number.
The same figure of Ajax, with shield and sword, mounted on a large pedestal, occurs in the forecourt
of both Squerries and Mount Morris. In the garden at Sandywell we seem to recognise the familiar
figure of the kneeling slave.
CANALS, CASCADES, FOUNTAINS AND WATER-PIECES.
Water-pieces to a certain extent are of native birth, a relic of the days when the fishpond was a
necessary adjunct to a house whose inmates were compelled by their religious opinions to eat fish on a
Friday. Modern palates do not care for the coarse fish of the pool ; accordingly, these ponds, from
being useful, have become ornamental.
For the most part, however, as part of a design, such works were introduced from France and
Holland ; the latter country was admirably suited to their adoption. Canals were essential to the
reclamation of the soil, and their straight lines lent themselves to formal treatment with charming effect.
We have in this country a few examples left, as at Wrest and Westbury, and in changed form at
Chatsworth.
The development in cascades and grand water effects depended largely on the natural configuration
of the ground. We find excellent illustrations at Chatsworth and Bretby. The extensive employment
of water at both these places was due to the same artist, Grelly, a Frenchman. The constant attention
which their upkeep demands has caused most instances to disappear.
Examples of waterworks or water-pieces occur at Wentworth, Bretby, Melton Constable, Westbury,
Sandywell, Wrest, Stanton Harold, Ingleby, Rendcombe, and Acklam.
xiii
Introduction.
Fountains were usual objects in the illustrations, most of them of no particular interest, but at
Bretby, Squerries, Chatsworth, and Stanton Harold, particularly the latter, are some examples of
importance.
HEDGES, MAZES, ETC.
The trees most in use for hedges are the yew, lime, hornbeam, beech, holly and box. The
extravagances of the topiary art are largely responsible for the abandonment of the formal garden.
Pope's cheap sneers at the absurd dipt figures in yew turned many from keeping such objects in
their gardens. Ridicule is the most potent form of obloquy. The lime-tree walks of Trinity
College were fortunately spared when the rest of the gardens were destroyed. One side of the orangery
garden (called Queen Mary's Walk) at Hampton Court has a raised terrace with pollarded limes,
which forms a delightful walk on a hot day. Hornbeam hedges were common enough in the early
part of the eighteenth century, and were often used for mazes, as may be seen at Hampton Court,
Wrest, and other places. Pleaching was what we should call trim-clipping, and must be distinguished
from plashing, which meant bending back the young shoots, so as to form a hedge by entwining
them one with another. The pleached hedges of Malvolio were the trimmed yew and the hornbeam.
The hornbeam hedges at Versailles, Schoenbrunn and Herrenhausen are of prodigious height and
thickness ; such hedges, from their rapid growth, must have been largely employed.
We find some instances of mazes among our plates, as, for instance, at Wrest, where there are two,
most probably of hornbeam. Elizabethan aims in garden design must have differed from those of the
present day. Sir Henry Wotton expresses himself as follows : —
" Mazes well framed a man's height may, perhaps, make your friend wander in gathering berries, till he
cannot recover himself without your help."
xiv
Introduction.
Hedges of great size and intricacy are represented in the plates of Wentworth, Badminton, Fairford,
Chatsworth, Wrest, Kingsweston, Chevening, and Frognal.
MOUNDS OR MOUNTS.
These seem to have arisen from the fact that many mansions were erected on the sites of
former castles, and that portions of the latter, more especially the keeps, having fallen into decay,
were used as points whence extensive views of the surrounding country could he obtained. They
seem to have become an accepted part of the " lay out " of the garden, and full directions for their
construction are given in Lawson's " New Orchard." Four are depicted in our plates, one at Dunham
Massie, undoubtedly the site of a Norman keep, another at Wadham, and a third at New College.
A mound at Sundridge has at its top a pair of toy houses, but their purpose cannot now be
satisfactorily decided. A mound at Marlborough is very large, and has at its base grottoes
decorated with flints and shells.
FORECOURTS.
It was the correct thing at this time to have forecourts to a house — generally two or three,
which had their regular names : one in front of the house, which frequently was paved and up to
which the coaches drove. In front of this was another, around which the vehicles promenaded. In
addition there was the stable or base court. The manifest objection to this first led to its abolition,
and we find instances even thus early of the approach to the house being made up to the door,
as at Wentworth Castle and Chatsworth. At Eaton the second view shows that the forecourt was
xv
Introduction.
abolished, and replaced by a circular drive between 1700 and 1740, a paved path being retained
immediately in front of the house. At Broome Hall the approach is shown through two forecourts ;
all this has been swept away, and the drive now reaches to the front door. At Ragley the house
is surrounded by paved paths, not only in front but at the sides ; whether this is an invention of
the artist cannot be ascertained now. Forecourts occur in practically every plate.
xvi
Descriptions of the Plates.
DIVISION I. -TUDOR AND ELIZABETHAN.
Plate I.— PENSHURST PLACE, TONBRIDGE, KENT.
PENSHURST PLACE is now a very fair example of a house surrounded by gardens of the best
period of the formal style, for the late Lord De L'Isle possessed both natural taste and knowledge in
this direction, and devoted a considerable amount of time and much money to reconstruct the gardens
as they existed in earlier days. He was an intimate friend of George Devey, a kindred spirit in these
matters, and the result of their labours is the most satisfactory example of modern times. The house
is of many different periods, the most important part being the Central Hall, built by Sir John de
Pulting in 1341. The rest of the building is much later, and that on the right of the gateway has
since been refronted in bad taste in 1852 ; fortunately it is now largely covered up by ivy. The gallery
on the first floor is panelled in Elizabethan style of a poor type, but is nevertheless a fine room.
Plate II.— KNOLE, near SEVENOAKS, KENT.
BOTH historically and architecturally Knole is one of the most famous houses in England. The
manor, after many vicissitudes, was bought in 1456 for 400 marks by Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop
of Canterbury, who practically reconstructed the house, and left the manor to the See. Archbishop
English Houses and Gardens
Moreton made further additions, and entertained Henry VII. ; later Cranmer resigned the estate
to Henry VIII., but though the King visited the place he never resided there. Elizabeth gave it
first to the Earl of Leicester and afterwards in 1567 or 1569 to her cousin, Sir Thomas Sackville,
who became in 1604 the first Earl of Dorset; considerable additions are attributed to him, and
some rain-water heads are dated 1605. Owing to the extravagance of Richard, the 3rd Earl, the
family had to part with Knole early in the seventeenth century ; but it was repurchased by Richard
Sackville about 1660, and has since remained in the family. Richard Sackville executed many repairs
and improvements about 1670, but since this date the house has been practically unaltered. The main
building consists of three large courtyards, and the entrance is under a tower, the main entrance
being across the second court, under a colonnade — probably the work of Richard Sackville. The
gardens still retain the lines of the original design.
Plate III.— BEAUFORT HOUSE, CHELSEA.
IT has been a matter of controversy as to whether this house was Sir Thomas More's old mansion,
for it appears that he built a manor house at Chelsea" in 1521. After his death the property underwent
many changes, and Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards the Earl of Salisbury, succreded to the estate in 1586 ;
he apparently rebuilt the original house, as his initials appear on the pipe-heads and in several rooms.
He died in 1615. It was later known as Buckingham House, but was acquired in 1682 by Henry,
Marquis of Worcester, who was created Duke of Beaufort, and died in 1699 ; the drawing by Knyff
which is dedicated to him would therefore appear to have been made before that date. The property
was purchased by Sir Hans Sloane for ,£2,500 by auction in 1736, and pulled down four years later,
but some fragments of the house and garden remained in 1829.
of the xvnth and xvmth Centuries.
Plate IV.— BOARSTALL, near BRILL, BUCKS.
BOARSTALL was so named from a boar " that was killed here by one Nigel for interrupting the
sport of Edward the Confessor." He received the manor in recognition of his bravery, and held it
by tenure of a horn, still in the possession of the present owner. Boarstall was the scene of several
encounters during the civil war, Lady Dynham once escaping in disguise through a secret passage. It
passed by marriage to the Aubreys in 1648, and a descendant, Sir John Aubrey, who died in 1825,
demolished the house ; the moated gate-house, now used as a farmhouse, being all that remains. The
little chapel on the left was rebuilt in 1818 by Sir John Aubrey.
Plate V.— SUNDRIDGE PLACE, BORE PLACE, and SHARPS PLACE, near
SEVENOAKS, KENT.
OF these three houses only the first two are clearly shown, the position of Sharps Place being only
indicated. The Hyde family are said to have acquired these contiguous properties during the reigns of
James I. and Charles I., when the family fortunes were at their zenith ; however, on the death of
John Hyde in 1740 the estates were divided between his two brothers, Savile and Strode, and
Savile's son, John Hyde, in 1772, pulled down Sundridge Place, and erected "a mere farmhouse."
After his death in 1789 Sundridge was sold, and Bore Place had been previously disposed of. The
points of interest at Sundridge were the lake and water-house, and the raised mound. Bore Place
appears as a farmstead, but the house looks interesting ; Sharps Place is now a farmhouse.
English Houses and Gardens
Plate VI.— KING'S WESTON, near BRISTOL, GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
THE building depicted was an old Tudor manor house pulled down in 1713 — 4 to make room for
the present stately pile by Vanbrugh, which is illustrated in " Vitruvius Britannicus." Of the delightful
gardens hardly any trace remains. The house belonged to Edward Southwell, Clerk of the Privy
Council, and Principal Secretary of State for Ireland, of which Atkyns sa\s, " He has a pleasant seat with
delightful gardens, and a full prospect over . . . the Severn Sea into Wales." The entrance lay through
the stable court into an inner grass court, after which a broad paved walk led to the door. Next the
house was a double parterre, and beyond this a larger garden with high box borders cut into quaint forms.
Plate VII.— NEW PLACE, GILSTON, near SAWBRIDGEWORTH, HERTS.
THIS estate was from very early days the property of the Chauncey family. Henry Chauncey,
who succeeded his father in 1547, moved to his manor of Netherhall, and there built New Place about
1570. Eventually the property was acquired by Sir John Gore, Lord Mayor of London in 1624, who
lived there during the Great Plague, and whose son, Sir Humphrey Gore, according to Chauncey's
"History of Hertfordshire " (1700), "did much adorn the house with walks and gardens." All trace ot
the house is then lost, and later county histories and maps make no mention of it. The gardens
were characteristic and had some features of interest. The bridge to the herb and vegetable garden was
noteworthy, also the high wall and the inevitable dovecote, of remarkable proportions, but the most
unusual features were the two elaborate box-like structures, railed in a square space, which appear as if
meant for spectators of a show or games. It was a custom at that time to drive deer past huts and
shoot them as they went by ; — possibly these pavilions were put to a similar use, though shooting seems
out of the question, as the two huts face each other at a few yards' distance.
4
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
Plate VIII.— ANDERSON'S PLACE, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.
IN 1600 this house belonged to a family named Anderson ; in 1675 it was sold to Sir William
Blackett ; and in 1783 it was bought by George Anderson, a wealthy architect, whose son, Major
Anderson, gave it the above name to commemorate the possession of the property by his family and the
previous owners of his name. The house occupied a position close to the site of a Franciscan monastery
in Pilgrim Street, so called from the pilgrims to a shrine of the Virgin close by. Sir William Blackett
was responsible for the two wings seen in the illustration, and for the extensive gardens, but the
stables appear to have formed originally part of the old monastic buildings. In 1800, during Major
Anderson's ownership, the Corporation bought the property to carry out some improvements, and of
the house and grounds not even the name remains, but Pilgrim Street is one of the finest in the city.
Plate IX.— RYCOTT, near THAME, OXFORDSHIRE.
ORIGINALLY the seat of the Quatremayne family in the reign of Henry VI., the estate was sold
to Sir John Williams in 1539, and he built himself a mansion of considerable size, turning the old
manor house into a kitchen wing. Nothing now remains of it except the chapel and a portion of one
turret, for the third Earl of Abingdon pulled down the entire house, and carted the materials away to
improve and enlarge his other seat of Wytham Abbey in Berkshire. The gardens must have been of
considerable interest and extent, especially the raised terrace and banqueting house.
Plate X.— WESTBURY COURT, GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
THIS house, situated near Gloucester, overlooking the Severn, was burnt down and replaced by
a new Georgian house, built by Maynard Colchester about 1755. Fortunately, the gardens were left
5
English Houses and Gardens
intact, but the second house was, ror some mysterious reason, destroyed in 1 809, and the estate was
left without a house until recent years. The new house adjoins and incorporates the quaint two-storied
garden-house, and a carriage-drive has now been formed on the site of the old house, while the bowling-
green, pleached alley and other features of this part of the gardens have disappeared. Much space, was
devoted to water, and the two large pieces and the Dutch garden between them are still in existence.
Plate XL— INGLEBY MANOR, MIDDLESBROUGH, YORKSHIRE.
INGLEBY MANOR is situated within view of the Cleveland Hills. The manor has descended to
the third and present Baron De L'Isle and Dudley, also owner of Penshurst Place, Kent (Plate I.). The
house, as shown, was built round two courts, and entrance to the forecourt was obtained through a gateway,
which, as drawn, was somewhat small to admit the carriage in front of the door. The gardens were
not very extensive and mainly overlooked the wooded valley of a small tributary of the River Leven 5
they included a series of large ponds on the opposite side of the house, with small islands and two
look-out towers.
Plate XIL— DEANE PARK, near BARHAM, KENT.
THIS house lies in a hollow close to the High Road from Dover to Canterbury, and was probably
built in the reign of Elizabeth by Sir Henry Oxenden. Sir George Oxenden, his descendant, made
some improvements to the gardens during the eighteenth century, but since his death in 1775 the
Oxendens have made Broome Park, Canterbury (see Plate XVII.), their principal seat. In Neale's
"Views" (1825) it is recorded that the building was unaltered and retained its characteristic features,
but the house was demolished about i 840, and Deane no longer appears on the list of county seats.
6
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
Plate XIII.— HAMELS, BRAUGHING, HERTFORDSHIRE.
THIS house, a fine and typical specimen of its period, was built, probably about 1580, by
John Brogrove, a member of Gray's Inn, of whom it is recorded that " he built a neat and uniform
house of brick, by a pleasant grove, with four turrets in the corners thereof, which adorn the house."
Brogrove died about 1613, and the place was sold by the family in 1701, and again changed hands
in 1710. The gardens were not very extensive, and consisted mainly of lawns; but the railings and
gate-piers are interesting, the latter bearing the double-headed eagle, the Brogrove crest. Hamels Park
still exists, though the house has been rebuilt.
Plate XIV.— DODDINGTON HALL, near LINCOLN.
BUILT by Thomas Tailor, Registrar to the Bishop of Lincoln, in the year 1595, this house remains
one of the most complete examples of an Elizabethan mansion now extant. In 1653 it passed to the
Husseys, and in 1830 to the Jarvis family, the present owners. The two-storied gate-house is one
of the features of the place, and the symmetrical main front has two projecting wings and three square
towers with octagonal cupolas ; the fine entrance doorway is central. The gardens were fairly
extensive, with many fruit trees, and though there have been alterations, they show more of the
original design than most gardens of this period, and the finely-clipped hedges still remain.
Plate XV.— BATSFORD, near MORETON-IN-MARSH, GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
BATSFORD is finely situated on the slopes of wooded hills about a mile from the little town, and from
the time of Henry VI. the property belonged to the Freeman family. The Richard Freeman mentioned
on the plate was in 1706 made Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland; he died in 1710. The
7
English Houses and Gardens
house is apparently of Tudor style, but the front facing the garden seems later. A view published in
Rudder's "Gloucestershire " (1779) shows a complete transformation ; in it the house appears as a plain
quadrangular structure, set in the midst of undulating park-land among clumps of trees, with lawns
which stretch right up to its walls, while formal gardens, out-buildings, dovecote, all have disappeared. In
1823 the estate was owned by Lord Redesdale, whose family name was Mirford, and in 1891 it became
the property of Mr. A. B. Freeman-Mitford, who assumed the old title in 1902. He pulled down
the second building and erected a large house from the designs of Messrs. Ernest George and Peto.
Plate XVI.— INGESTRE HALL, near STAFFORD.
INGESTRE originally belonged to the Chetwynd family, passing later to the Earls of Shrewsbury and
Talbot, who still retain it. The house shown was built about 1601 of red brick with stone dressings,
the chief features being the elaborate Renaissance porch and large circular bays. The grounds
illustrated are neither particularly beautiful nor extensive, but John Lindsay in 1732 described the
gardens as " large and laid out in grand walks between stately trees," and Ingestre is still famous for
its grounds. An example of the Italian inclined roadway is indicated behind the stables, and two garden
houses face each other in the forecourt. In 1 800 Nash refronted the garden elevation to " accord with
the rest of the house," but the place was practically gutted by fire in 1882, and has since been restored,
the new dwelling being to a large extent a replica of the old.
Plate I.
>'IKW or TKNSIIirKST I'l.ACK
Cor.xTY or KK N'T. '
Plate II.
'
MMfcftK
'AJWII'iC in £/£<• /iirif/ia/ Jyi -cajats in Ji^flt
'
-//;/ t/i^M.insion.'/f.Ht.tr ,•/ C/i
Plate III.
Jnt House, an, Chdrttf tt tin. Couniit cj MiJahrttc. nnf. yttie, 3 tut*
Uotrrr
Plate IV.
Plato V.
Plate VI.
Plate VII.
Plate VIII.
Plate IX.
Plate X.
Court: tA&jca.£c
Plate XL
ty o£ IforAe..
Plate XII.
•*-t '"' ~«*«r:
~J "•"^'rrf"'ri • i> ---"Ti--ri-m — 'minna iTfnr n — *
vttt**3©* •:-£* r
Plate XIII.
Plate XIV.
,tne County of Linccliit. t/it. State,
r Mwma,<;JC<i/fcy Sa
Plate XV.
Plate XVI.
of the xvnth and xvmth Centuries.
DIVISION II.- -EARLY STUART.
Plate XVII.— BROOME PARK, BARHAM, KENT.
BROOM E PARK, Barham Downs, is a family seat of the Oxendens, and the house was built in
1622 by Sir Basil Dixwell, who died in 1641, and was succeeded by his son, who was created a baronet
in 1660. The last Sir Basil died in 1750, and left the property to the Oxendens of the neighbouring
estate of Deane Park, who have resided at Broome Park since 1775, and the house at Deane was
demolished in 1840 (vide description, Plate XII.).
About the middle of the eighteenth century extensive alterations to the grounds were carried out by
Sir Henry Oxenden, and it is probable that the gardens illustrated were then swept away, for scarcely
any traces now remain ; both forecourts have vanished and the drive conies up to the entrance doors.
Plate XVIII.— CHEVENING, KENT.
THIS house has an interesting architectural history. Between 1616-30 the centre block was
erected by Inigo Jones for the I3th Lord Dacre of the South, and in 1717 the property was sold to
General Stanhope, subsequently created Earl of Stanhope, who added the wings and also the detached
outbuildings connected by curved galleries ; his family still retain possession of it. The accompanying
drawing (from Hasted's "History of Kent," 1790) shows the house at an earlier period, and the
engraving also appears larger, but otherwise identical, in " Vitruvius Britannicus " (1717), and probably
represents it as designed by Inigo Jones. It indicates several differences, and the alterations to
the roof and steps were probably carried out by the Earl. Afterwards Charles, 3rd Earl Stanhope,
9 E
English Houses and Gardens
between 1786-1816, covered Inigo Jones's red brickwork with a facing or "cream-coloured
mathermatical tiles." The gates were elaborate and interesting. Very little of Inigo Jones's building
flan tf tS"
•Stfemt Floor
ftrst
ELEVATION AND PLANS BEFORE ALTERATION.
remains, and the house presents from the railway a somewhat bald and uninviting appearance ; while
of the extensive and complicated formal gardens, shown by Badeslade, scarcely a trace remains.
IO
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
Plate XIX.— WIMPOLE, near ROYSTON, CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
WIMPOLE is the most distinguished house and the finest estate in Cambridgeshire. It seems
impossible to trace the building date of the house in Kip's view, which to judge from the name of the
owner was engraved between 1693 and 1710. Various drawings of the house are preserved in the Soane
THE GATES, FROM TIJOU'S BOOK.
Museum, and two in a volume which include some of Wren's work show a cupola and chimneys
rather similar to those illustrated, but in other respects they resemble the present house. In the Museum
is also a careful set of measured elevations dated 1790 to 1793, made for Sir John Soane, and described
as " elevations by Guibert." It is possible that Guibert was the architect of the house or that as the
draughtsman he made the survey for Sir John Soane; these drawings show the house very much as it
1 1
English Houses and Gardens
exists to-day. The two detached side-buildings (orangery and kitchens) shown in Kip's engraving
occur in them, and correspond with his representation except in one or two minor points ; they have
since vanished. On an earlier drainage survey in 1749 a stable block, identical with that in Kip,
appears in the position indicated by him, and on this survey the church is shown as a classic building ;
it was rebuilt by Flitcroft in 1748. It is quite evident from these plans that the house was rebuilt early
in the eighteenth century, with a smaller centre and more extended wings reaching right up to the two
smaller buildings, shown detached in Kip's illustration.
The house is said to have been originally erected by Sir Thos. Chicheley in 1632, but from the
character of the present building none of this would seem to have survived. In 1686 the house was
bought by Sir John Cutler, whose daughter married Baron Robartes, who was also the Earl of Radnor,
and in 1710 it was sold to Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, whose son completely transformed it ; doubt-
less it was under him that the rebuilding referred to was carried out. Gibbs is said to have built the
O
library and chapel for the Earl of Oxford. The library occupies a projecting wing on the north front ;
the chapel is in the main block on the south front, which is that shown by Kip. If Gibbs actually built
this, he must have carried out the whole of the present house, and the two drawings in the Wren volume
mentioned above might be by him. However, the house in style appears of rather inferior design, so
he may only have refurnished and redecorated the chapel. His extravagance forced the Earl of Oxford
to sell Wimpole in 1738 to the Earl of Hardwicke, who is said to have redecorated and remodelled
the interior ; under him Sir John Soane carried out various interior alterations about 1793.
The gates in the view are identical with Plate V. in Tijou's book of designs, a reproduction of
which is annexed ; it was not previously known that this design had been carried out ; however, no
gates of importance have existed at Wimpole for many years. The gardens were remodelled by
Repton, but portions of the avenues still remain. Engravings show that Stuart built a classic garden
house, and a Gothic Temple with sham ruins was also erected, both about I 778.
12
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
Plate XX.— SARSDEN, near CHIPPING NORTON, OXFORDSHIRE.
THIS house, some three miles from the town, and formerly known as Saresden, has been very
considerably altered since Burghers' drawing ; these alterations are supposed to have been made about
1830. Some remains, however, arc to be traced in the modern building on the site. The entrance
forecourt is very characteristic, the stables bounding one side and a wall separating it on the other from
the formal garden, laid out in terraces and ornamented with statuary. As points of interest, mention
may be made of the pavilions of the forecourt with their lead roofs, and of the early entrance gates, of
wood and iron, and gate piers with surmounting urns. The gardens were evidently remodelled by
Repton in the ownership of J. Langston, M.P., as he prepared one of his " Red-books" on the place.
Plate XXL— LITTLE COMPTON, near MORETON-IN-THE-MARSH,
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
THIS interesting Renaissance house was erected between 1642 and 1649, and consists of a central
block with two deep projecting wings enclosing a paved court. The grounds were divided by the
river, which cut them into three parts, and on the right a bridge led to the principal formal garden,
which had shaped lawns and a circular pond with fountain. On either side were raised terraces, one
forming the bowling-green, the other flower-beds, and another bridge gave access to the kitchen-gardens ;
a third connected these with the paddocks and so back to the house. Hardly any traces of this design
now remain, and the site is occupied by a farmhouse.
English Houses and Gardens
Plate XXII.— GREAT RIBSTON HALL, KNARESBOROUGH, YORKSHIRE.
THIS house was erected by Sir John Goodricke, and the date, 1647, is over the entrance
door on his coat of arms. The building, which remains practically unaltered, is an imposing structure
with a long Renaissance facade. The main front was flanked by two small colonnades which have since
disappeared ; the arrangement of the roofs is also different. The Chapel of St. Andrew, attached to
the hall, was just outside the garden wall. For so large a house the garden appears small, though
there was a large deer park. The property was left by Sir Thomas Goodricke, the eighth and last
Baronet, to Mr. Francis L. Holyoake, who took the name of Goodricke and was created a Baronet in
1835 ; by him the estate was sold in 1836 to Mr. Joseph Dent, in whose family it remains.
Plate XXIII.— DUNHAM MASSIE, CHESHIRE.
DUNHAM MASSIE was originally a Norman castle, but of it the mound ot the keep alone
remained, and this in the view is shown with high hedges and a garden house. A moat is also depicted,
widening into a lake at the back. The very curious house illustrated is said to have been built in
1650 by Sir George Booth ; the back and sides, with their curved gables and large mullioned windows,
are Elizabethan in character, and would seem to be part of an earlier house ; the Renaissance front may
be of the later date. The house was rebuilt in 1730 from designs by a Mr. John Morris, and a view
about 1750 represents a large plain, classic building built round a court, with extensive stables. The
gardens had gone, and avenues radiated from the house, interspersed with clumps of trees and several
lakes ; but the mound still remained.
14
Plate XVII.
Plate XVIII.
Plate XIX.
i.^rrrasasssas^^is^-T^^rf-^ :^w: rs
°7t Tmflle. in. t/ii. Cauitiv ef Cambridge, iAfcfr.it; ^S
iBarOrlC'tJrunft'iJcZuntL&attinyii *ZnJ Ctzrl v v^jf?
Plate XX.
Plate XXI.
Plate XXII.
Plate XXIII.
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
DIVISION III.— LATE STUART.
Plate XXIV.— FROGNAL, near CHISLEHURST, KENT.
EXCEPTING that the gables seen at the side have been removed, this plain red brick house remains
practically unaltered. It was the ancient seat of the Wat kins family, but was sold by them to Sir
Philip Warwick in the reign of Charles I., and passed through the Tryons to the Townshend family, in
whose hands it still remains. The house is placed on a slope, and in the gardens advantage was taken
of the fall to lay out terraces ; on the right of the terraces there was an orangery, and a feature
of the grounds was the extent of the iron railings and the elaborate gates. This formal gardening has
now entirely given place to grass lawns and shady trees ; but the stables are as shown in the engraving.
Plate XXV.— THE DUKE OF ST. ALBANS' HOUSE, WINDSOR.
THIS residence was built close to the site of the present royal stables, and must have been an
elegant though simple building ; it was probably erected for Nell Gwynne, the first Duke's mother.
One side of the garden court was formed by an extensive orangery or banqueting hall, and between this
court and the park was an allie verte bordered by pleached yews. An elaborate parterre of six squares
on a slope formed the boundary towards the Castle. The inner courtyard of the Castle shows a facade
very similar to the Fountain Court at Hampton Court, and is reputed to have been Wren's work, but
was probably by Hugh May.
'5
English Houses and Gardens
Plate XXVI.— DAWLEY, near UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.
THIS house was built either by Sir John Bennet or his son Charles between 1682, when the former
was created Lord Ossulston, and 1700. About 1725 the estate was acquired by Lord Bolingbroke, to
amuse himself with country life. Pope writes to Swift from Dawley in 1728. We also learn that the
house was of brick and that " the arched tops to the windows had a poor effect with the flat roof."
This view by Knyff shows neither of these two characteristics, and Lord Bolingbroke doubtless made
the alterations. In 1735 Bolingbroke retired abroad, and after long negotiation it was purchased in
1739 by the Earl of Uxbridge, whose son sold it to a City gentleman, Thomas Flight, who pulled it
down about 1780. By 1802 not a vestige of either house or the celebrated gardens remained. A
house called Dawley Court now occupies the site.
Plate XXVII.— HAMPSTEAD MARSHALL, near NEWBURY, BERKS.
THE Manor of Hampstead Marshall passed to the Craven family, and Sir William Craven,
who was created Earl in 1662, pulled down the manor house erected by Sir Thomas Parry,
treasurer to Queen Elizabeth, or by his son, and built the house illustrated between 1662 and
1665. The design of the house is attributed by the majority of authorities to Sir Balthazar Gerbier,
who died here on a visit, and is buried in the church. It is worth noting that Gerbier obtained from
the King in 1643, on tne suit °f Elector Palatine, permission to retire beyond the seas, and at the
same time a letter to Louis XIII., but the latter died before Gerbier landed in France. Also the
Palatinate interests were involved in negotiations in which Gerbier was engaged between England and
Spain. Sir William Craven's long and intimate connection with Elizabeth of Bohemia and her
family is well known, so a connection between the two men would not appear unlikely.
The house was completed by Gerbier's pupil and assistant, Captain Wynne, but the precise
16
of the xv nth and xvinth Centuries.
A GATE PIER (front). DRAWING BY FRANCIS BACON.
part taken by each in the design is not
known. Doubt exists as to the actual date of
Gerbier's death. Most accounts give it as
1667, but a petition by his three daughters
for relief would seem to show that he died
in March, 1663. On the other hand, it
would appear from a warrant dated Jan., 1668,
to Sir Charles Cottrell, who was Assistant
Master of the Ceremonies under Gerbicr, that
the latter died at Christmas, 1667. It has
been suggested that the first document has
been misplaced among the State papers, and
it bears no date to give a clue.
Some Jacobean character appears in the
bays of the front. A drawing of the interior
dated 1672 shows doors, alcoves and windows
of a plain Renaissance type. This house was
almost entirely destroyed by fire in I7i8,and
nothing now remains save some gate-piers of
vigorous and fine design, in spite of Lyson's
comment as " some clumsy brick piers which
remain in the park." After the fire James Gibbs
was employed by the then Earl of Craven to
design and erect a new house, which was
never carried beyond the first storey. F
English Houses and Gardens
Plate XXVIII.— AMBROSDEN, near ISLIP and BICESTER, OXFORDSHIRE.
UP to 1673 Sir William Glynne had lived at Bicester Priory, but on his purchase of this estate
he built a new residence, choosing a site on a hill near the church. This is the house shown in the
view, and was close to the highway, the forecourt being enclosed by railings and a wooden gate. Sir
William died in 1721, and not many years after it was sold to an Edward Turner, whose son, Sir
Edward Turner, felt impelled to build on a scale commensurate with his great wealth, and this he did on
the site of the Glynne House, probably in the form of extensive additions ; a view of this later house
as it appeared in 1762 is given in Dunkin's "Oxfordshire." Its subsequent history was tragic but not
without its humorous side, for Sir Gregory Turner, the son of Sir lidward, found the place too large and
pulled down his father's additions, and the result being unsatisfactory, finally demolished the whole.
Plate XXIX.— SANDYWELL, near CHELTENHAM, GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
THIS house was situated about five miles from Cheltenham, and there is still a residence on the site,
but of the original dwelling built by Henry Bret about 1680, only the outlines of the kitchen can now
be discerned. The gardens shown in the view are of the period ; in them were several gates of some
pretensions, and the parterre on the left had the well-known leaden statue of the kneeling slave. By
1779, when Rudder's history of the county was published, they had entirely disappeared, and quite
a different arrangement of the grounds is shown, while the house had been enlarged by the addition of
two wings, and the stables were placed quite close to it.
18
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
Plate XXX.— BADMINTON HOUSE, near TETBURY, GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
BADMINTON is still a famous seat, and the palatial scale of its grounds can he realised from the
view. The house, which occupies the site of an old manor house, and incorporates some parts of the
earlier dwelling, was built in 1682 by the first Duke, but the name ot the architect has not
come down to us. The glory of Badminton lay in the extensive and very famous pleasure grounds,
which comprised many forms of garden, from formal flower-beds to orchards and bosquets. The first
Duke made his hobby of tree-planting, and it found an outlet in the making of avenues, of which many
were laid out, radiating from the house, often through other parks, and usually towards church steeples
or other prominent points.
Plate XXXI.— BRETBY, near CHESTERFIELD, DERBYSHIRE.
THE old castle of Brctby was demolished in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and the plate shows the
mansion built for the Earl of Chesterfield on the site. This house was in turn destroyed in 1780 to
build on an even grander and more extensive scale — an intention never fulfilled, for the present house,
erected in 1815, is only a quarter the size. The gardens were laid out on a magnificent scale, and they
are described by Mr. Wolley in 1712 as follows: — "There are several fine avenues, garden fountains,
labyrinth groves, greenhouses, grottoes, aviaries, but most especially the carpet walk and situation of the
orange trees and waterworks before the marble summer-house are all noble, and peculiarly curious and
pleasant." These waterworks, attributed to Inigo Jones, were begun in 1684 and finished in 1702 ; they
were probably carried out by the French engineer, Grilly, who contrived those at Chatsworth, which,
however, these far surpassed.
'9
English Houses and Gardens
Plate XXXIL— HATLEY ST. GEORGE, near ROYSTON, CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
THIS house was built by Sir Robert Cotton, who became possessed of the manor in 1684, and on his
death it passed to his daughter, whose son sold the manor to one Pearse. About 1782 it was purchased
by Thomas Quinton, whose son, Sir John Quinton, continued to reside there. The house is built of
brick with stone dressing, and apparently consists of two courts ; the gardens shown are of the formal
order without much distinction, and to the left of the house there is what appears to be an orangery.
Plate XXXIII.— WREST PARK, AMPTHILL, BEDFORDSHIRE.
IT seems probable that the house engraved by Kip was built in the latter half of the seventeenth
century by Annabel, Countess of Kent, who greatly improved the estate during her son's minority. Both
gardens and house owe something to French influence. The " Henry, Earle of Kent " mentioned on
the view made many alterations and additions to the grounds up till his death in 1740. His grand-
daughter, the Marchioness Grey, who succeeded, altered the whole character of the house, and an
illustration in Neale's " Seats " shows it without the cupola and other distinctive features. The gardens
were " corrected " by the destructive genius of Capability Brown, who surrounded them with a long
serpentine lake; the large straight canal, however, still remains. In 1837 an entirely new house
was built in the French style.
Plate XXXIV.— CHATSWORTH, DERBYSHIRE.
THE old manor house of Chatsworth was pulled down by Sir W. Cavendish, who began a new
mansion but died in 1587 before its completion. The house is perhaps the best example we have of
the sumptuous homes of the aristocracy, and has developed into the largest domestic building in England
20
of the xvnth and xvnith Centuries.
not a royal palace. Talman, a sort of rival of Wren's, was employed for the earlier enlargements, and
built the south front shown in the plate between 1681 and 1687; evidently this view shows the
rebuilding in progress, for there is a Tudor west front instead of Talman's, and a different bridge ; at a
later date Wyatt made various alterations and enlargements. Marshal Tallard (see Plate LI I.), when a
prisoner-of-war, visited Chatsworth, and said on leaving, " My Lord Duke, when I compute the days
of my captivity in England, I shall omit those I passed at Chatsworth." The fine panelling and
carving, though often attributed to Grinling Gibbons, were probably executed by a local carver
named Dove. The fountains and water devices were of great extent, the work of the French engineer,
Grilly, who carried out those at Bretby (q.v.). A good deal of the formal gardening has survived
to this day — more indeed than one would expect, considering the opportunities enjoyed by Paxton,
when in charge of the gardens.
Plate XXXV.— UP PARKE, HARTING, SUSSEX (near PETERSFIELD).
THIS residence of Lord Grey was built in 1685 by Talman, and is an admirable example of the home
of a nobleman of that period. It is a type of house which shows our native architect at his best, and no
other country has produced homes so comfortable or so well fitted for ttreir purpose as those to be found
scattered over the land between 1650 and 1720. There is no great avenue leading to the house, but a
drive has been cut through the beech woods terminating at wide iron gates in a boundary wall ;
an extensive bowling-green and a few squares of formal garden complete the surroundings of the house,
which is pleasantly placed within sight of the harbour of Portsmouth and Spithead. The house remains
unchanged to the present day, but the stables and gardens have been alteied.
English Houses and Gardens
Plates XXXVI. & XXXVII.— BELTON, near GRANTHAM, LINCOLNSHIRE.
ORIGINALLY belonging to the Pakenham family, Belton was bought by the Brownlows about 1600.
The present fine house, attributed to Wren, was erected in 1685-9 and the plan forms an " H." The
three views given are taken from a set of five by Badeslade, undated. The lay-out of the gardens differs
considerably from a plan in " Vitruvius Brirannicus " (17 25) ; the differences are discussed in detail
by Mr. Triggs in " Formal Gardens in England." In the later plan the Long Walk is replaced by a
large pond, now an avenue. Sir John Brownlow, created Viscount Tyrconnel in 1718, is said to have
added a library and laid out the gardens, which might account for the difference ; this library is
against the wall of the left wing, and the alterations do not appear on the exterior, the room replacing
a staircase. The estate passed to Sir John Cust, Speaker of the Commons, whose son was created
Lord Brownlow ; he employed Wyatt, but the latter's work is unrecorded, and cannot be important, for
the house is much the same to-day as then, and slight differences only appear in the doorway and the
steps. It is said that Wyatt changed the gardens, but they happily retain a formal character, though
the scheme is greatly changed, and the elaborate garden of high yew hedges has altogether disappeared,
being replaced by a more open treatment.
Plate XXXVIII.— SQUERRIES, WESTERHAM, KENT.
THIS is a red brick house on plain but dignified lines, built by Sir Nicholas Crisp between
1680 and 1686, and typical of its period. The estate passed to the Warde family, the present owners,
in 1731. Of the gardens nothing now remains, but there is little doubt that they existed, for part of two
fountains have recently been dug up, with the remains of the bridge over the river Darenth, which runs
through the park. Many of the changes are attributed to a certain John Warde, of fox-hunting
22
of the xvnth and xvnith Centuries.
celebrity, who rather neglected the place, and may have demolished the forecourt and out-buildings, as
he built the present stables. He died in 1838, and his successors have gradually restored the place.
Plate XXXIX.— MELTON CONSTABLE, near FAKENHAM, NORFOLK.
AMONG the great mansions of England, Melton Constable occupies a prominent place. It was
built of stone and brick about 1680 by Sir Jacob Astley, an ancestor of the present owner, Baron
Hastings, and the design has been ascribed to Wren. The illustration shows the north (or entrance) and
the west fronts ; the south front has an Ionic doorway. With the exception of a wing joining the main
building to the stables (since rebuilt), the disappearance of the cupola, and the addition of a portico to
the west front, the house remains very much as shown, and the general lines and design of the gardens
are still preserved. The canal treatment in the garden and the large lakes close by are worthy of note.
Plate XL.— STANSTED HOUSE, near CHICHESTER, SUSSEX.
THE first manor house here was visited by King John. The building on the right of the plate is
a second manor house built by Lord Maltravers, which was altered into a chapel in 1815; the third
house, built by the ist Earl of Scarbrough in 1687, may have been designed by Wren, as he was
connected with the town of Chichester, but there is no proof of it. It may possibly have been built
by Talman, who was responsible for the neighbouring house of Up Parke. The new house, which
contained some fine carving by Grinling Gibbons, was stated to be an " elegant " one, " with grand
staircase and a flat roof, from which a fine view was to be had " towards the sea, Portsmouth, and
Spithead. It was burnt down in 1902 while repairs were being made to the roof.
23
English Houses and Gardens
Plate XLL— FAIRFORD, GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
AT the time of the Restoration Fairford is mentioned as the property of one Andrew Barker,
whose descendant, Samuel Barker, High Sheriff of Gloucestershire, built the house illustrated in the
year 1691. The house was a substantial square structure with a mansard roof, and the formal garden
was adorned with statuary and topiary work, and terminated in a semicircular raised terrace and a fine
pair of gates ; in the left foreground was a bowling-green. There appears to be but one forecourt to the
house, instead of the usual two. Of this fine garden nothing now remains, and from an account
published about the end of the eighteenth century it appears to have been replaced some time before
by an arrangement in the prevailing " landscape " taste.
Plate XLII.— THE MANSION HOUSE, HIGHGATE.
IN 1694 Sir William Ashhurst, Lord Mayor of London, built this house on Highgate Hill. The
rapid fall of the ground led to the treatment of the fine garden in terraces ; two of these led to a
formal garden, and beyond this a summer-house afforded a fine view over the gardens and the open
country towards Hampstead. The house contained a chestnut staircase, and also some good carved
woodwork and fine tapestry; it was pulled down in 1830 to afford a site for St. Michael's
Church, and the fine stone doorway, carved with the Ashhursts' arms, was re-used as a doorway for a
house in the High Street. The garden went to form part of Highgate Cemetery.
24
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
Plate XLIII.— ACKLAM HALL, CLEVELAND, YORKSHIRE.
THE Acklam estate is finely situated near the River Tees ; it was bought by Thomas Hustler in
the reign of Charles II., and the house was erected by his grandson, Sir William Hustler, passing in 1784
to a nephew who assumed the family name. It is known that the latter's son, Thomas Hustler, was
living there in 1808. KnyfF's view shows the varied treatment of the grounds, which are of considerable
extent. Three quadrangular courts with four lodges and numerous squares of trees and orchards are
comprised in the scheme, and there are several sheets of water, including a large lake with an island in the
centre, thickly planted, and a summer-house or shooting-hut. The approach to the house was by a
drive, passing up one side of the first two forecourts and down the other.
Plates XLIV. & XLV.— EATON HALL, CHESHIRE.
THE house shown in the plate is said to have been built by Vanbrugh at the end of the seventeenth
century, but it is not characteristic of his work, and he is not mentioned in connection with the elevation
in"Vitruvius Britannicus." The second view, made by Badeslade about 1740, shows the forecourt
replaced by a drive, and the fine gates, which still exist, though added to and placed in the park. A
view of the gardens about 1750 shows a much more elaborate and extensive lay-out than that illustrated ;
this is seen at the back of Badeslade's view. In 1818 Eaton suffered severely at the hands of a Reading
architect named Porden, who turned it into a large castellated structure of the usual terrible type of
early nineteenth century Gothic, — when one is told that the tracery of the windows was of cast-iron, one
gains a dismal idea of the design. In 1846 Mr. Burn improved the place, but in 1870 the whole
had to make way for the present Gothic building erected from the designs of the late Mr. Alfred
Waterhouse.
English Houses and Gardens
Plate XLVL— RAGLEY, near ALCESTER, WARWICKSHIRE.
OLD Ragley Hall is supposed to have been built in 1698 for Popham Seymour Conway, an ancestor
of the present owner, the Marquis of Hertford. The house, a very stately one, with a high-pitched
roof and many windows, was approached by a large forecourt flanked with stables on either hand. The
gardens were laid out in a series of straight lines ; long paved walks flanked the main parterre, with its
fountain, and led to the semicircular terraces beyond, and avenues surrounded the gardens and crossed the
park in various directions. The existing house was built by Lord Conway about the middle of the
eighteenth century on the same site, and considerable alterations were made there by Wyatt early in the
nineteenth century.
Plate XLVIL— MOUNT MORRIS, WESTENHANGER, KENT.
THIS property, now known as Horton Park, formerly belonged to the Morris family, which settled
here before 1720. In Harris's " History of Kent " it is stated that " Thos. Morris hath erected ....
at the foot of the Hill, a Fair Brick House, with handsome platform of lead and cupulo and with rails
and banisters at top." As usual it was approached through two courtyards, which were separated
by a high wall with central gate. In front of the house was a paved terrace, four steps above the
inner forecourt, which was laid out with grass parterres and small shrubs.
Plate XLVIIL— RENDCOMBE, near CIRENCESTER, GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
THE whole of this scene has been destroyed ; this seems a loss, as the house, gardens, church, and
roads appear to have been planned out in relation to each other with considerable care. The house
was built about 1700 by Sir Christopher Guise. By 1779, according to a view in Rudder's history
26
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
of the county, the whole of the elaborate gardens and surroundings had been swept away, and the
house stood forlorn in the midst of bare fields dotted with occasional trees. The direct line of the
family died out in 1783, but the estate passed on to the female branch, and was sold about the middle
of the last century, the new owner pulling down the old house to make way for a new one.
Plate XLIX.— WILL1AMSTRIP, COLN ST. ALDWYN'S,
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
THE house illustrated was built about 1700 by Sir Henry Powle, to whom the manor belonged ; on
his death it passed to his son-in-law, Henry Ireton, and since then has belonged to various owners, who
have changed and added to it. Rudder's view shows the house rebuilt as a rather bald structure, with
pediment and two bay windows with domical roofs, and there is the usual transformation of its
surroundings according to the "landscape " school of gardening. Early in the nineteenth century it was
acquired by Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, Bart., father of the present Viscount St. Aldwyn. The house
stands in a park of some 200 acres on rising ground, close to the old Roman road leading eastward from
Corinium (Cirencester).
Plate L.— ALDINGTON, WESTENHANGER, KENT.
ALDINGTON COURT was built on the site of the ancient palace of Archbishop Wareham, and
traces of the chapel and fishponds remain. The property, together with Aldington Cobham, or East Court,
was purchased by William Sheldon in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and the house depicted
belonged to his grandson, Richard Sheldon. There are no available particulars of it, but it was a
house of some size, with a farm attached — apparently a custom by no means infrequent at that
time. There was a considerable amount of water on the estate ; the drive makes a detour round
27
English Mouses and Gardens
a canal, and crosses a bridge over the fishpond to reach the entrance court. The house has been
replaced by a farmhouse, built, however, on a slightly different site.
Plate LI.— SHOBDON COURT, LEOMINSTER, HEREFORDSHIRE.
SOME doubt exists as to the date of this house, but since it is described as the seat of Sir James
Bateman (afterwards created Lord Bateman), who acquired the estate in 1705, it was probably erected in
the first years of the eighteenth century, or the last of the preceding ; and accounts which say it was built
in the reign of George I. by his son must be erroneous. An elevation of the house appears in " Vitruvius
Britannicus "(1717), which accords with this view, but omits the cupola. The grandson of the first Lord
Bateman died in 1802, and the peerage became extinct, the estate passing to William Hanbury, of Kelmarsh
Hall, Northants, who made extensive changes about 1830. The cupola is now removed and a balustrade
added along the roofs, while an arched terrace raised on arches runs along the garden front. The gardens
have been greatly altered, and in addition the stables and other out-buildings have been swept away
and the church rebuilt.
Plate LIL— NEWDIGATE HOUSE AND GARDEN, NOTTINGHAM.
MARSHAL TALLARD, who was captured at the battle of Blenheim, lived here during his detention
in England. The house and gardens were situated opposite St. Nicholas Church, but are not shown in
the view of the town. The large house there seen was built by Francis Pierrepont, son of the Earl of
Kingston, who died in 1657, and was still standing about thirty years ago. Tallard, whose hobby was
gardening, laid out the garden of Newdigate House so that he made it one of the wonders of the
neighbourhood. The plan gives the lay-out as follows : — (A) the plan of the house; (B) and (c) the
entrance courts ; (F) a parterre with "cut works" in grass, and paths covered to form a coloured design
28
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
with brick-dust, spar, crushed coal, sand, and crushed cockle-shells ; (H) was a gravel path ; (K) a
second; and (L) a third parterre, with fountain, gravel path, and beds of flowers; (M) were verges of
grass with lines of white spar ; (N) was the upper "terras"; and (o) the Banqueting Hall.
Plate LIII.— INGRESS ABBEY, GREENHITHE, KENT.
THIS house has had a somewhat chequered history and passed through many hands; it was
possessed in 1719 by Jonathan Smith, and from Harris, the Kent historian, we learn that he built a
new front. By the end of the eighteenth century it had changed hands twice, and the new owner,
Henry Roebuck, spent more than £j,ooo in various alterations, among which was a bath in front of
the house supplied with water from the Thames ; this bath eventually undermined the river-wall
and caused great damage. The fine old house was finally pulled down in the nineteenth century to
be replaced by a new structure constructed of stone from old London Bridge.
Plate LIV.— STANTON HAROLD, near ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH,
LEICESTERSHIRE.
THIS scat of the Earl of Ferrers was described in 1712 as "a noble seat, having a handsome new
front towards the gardens." The front in question has always been attributed to Inigo Jones, and
when the rest of the old house was destroyed by the fifth Earl, this front was embodied in it. The
house as engraved is evidently the result of additions at different dates, but the new building was of red
brick in plain style, and was not completed before 1780. The grounds were well planned; the
gardens are remarkable for the broad walk passing down a succession of terraces to the wood. A very
large fountain is shown on the right, and the topiary work is extensive and interesting if not beautiful.
29
English Houses and Gardens
Plate LV.— WENTWORTH CASTLE, near BARNSLEY, YORKSHIRE.
WENTWORTH CASTLE was formerly known as Stainborough Hall, and indeed is still so called locally.
Thomas Wentworth, first Earl of Straffbrd (of the second creation), a famous soldier and a diplomat
under William III., bought the estate in 1708, and undoubtedly erected the house between 1708 and
1715, for a practically identical engraving appears in " Vitruvius Britannicus," published at that date.
The house shows a different style of architecture from most of those illustrated ; it is of a later period
and there is evidence of French influence. The drive comes up to the main entrance, and the scheme
is more pretentious and less pleasing than earlier examples ; it indicates the decline in garden planning.
Earl Strafford died in 1739, and the house was considerably altered by his son William, second Earl or
Straffbrd, before his death in 1791. It is said that he refronted the house from his own design, and an
engraving dated 1829 gives the north front as in Harris's view, but shows east and south fronts of a
heavier and more severely classical type, indicating a quadrangular plan, which does not accord with
the _L shaped plan in " Vitruvius Britannicus." The second Earl was an intimate friend of Horace
Walpole, who speaks of it as his " favourite of all great seats," and commends the garden, possibly
because he was allowed to have " a finger in the pie," inasmuch as he designed a little Gothic edifice
in the menagerie after Chichester Cross. The views in 1829 show undulating lawn with woods
stretching up to all sides of the house, not a trace remaining of the elaborate arrangement and fine gates
existing in 1730.
3°
Plate XXIV.
Plate XXV.
^^*-. ..
'- ^
Plate XXVI.
cJi)a»>£y
£ardUJsulst01lL
C*^
Plate XXVII.
Plate XXVIII.
Plate XXIX.
Plate XXX.
f)aanunlan niUic Cjwit-y of Gloucester one, of tniSeaAt of tht.
Plate XXXIII.
Plate XXXI.
---•-.. -- **-f-«t — <
..7X* i.ft-it^'
•
'--
y rcJou ui 'JJarPtj -I/lire l/itcf&U. ql tlu.
le,
'J.lyn.--filuip tailst'C Care, o
ftanAoft if ffuUartCxc'
Plate XXXII.
Plate XXXIV.
Jleust kaiyjj-iattftuieraaV~l>ite anj
Of her MafhcujhoUfarfluJtut ,n Kyr, <f* htrMy-Fcmw Oatu Tartt
.. fan/liu ^•Jlarti
tc fmaJfonh an* K.' ./"-rt» mmt ATMi Onto- rf ow Oarar
Plate XXXV.
^^
X
X
X
t)
J3
a,
Plate XXXVI.
Plate XXXVIII.
Plate XXXIX.
ConttaMc, in. tntCou/Uy
&Sr 3acoi3fttey Jc* anJ Ri
Plate XL.
Plate XLI.
Plate XLII.
, .. Jlft I, ,T7 .JLiL,!^ '"-*• iriTinn if'
Plate XLIII.
' in trie County of
Plate XLIV.
m
'•"• ..«.-* '.:;•.' /:~.U'"4>i^5,u?A.
•'.vy':.-'.-^'\ •:-'.—. ^,::xr?'?..
^f^Kmm mmp*$
r====^i-^^^^^m^^^i^
^V~ ' i- -ti- • v:-;'%^%^^-*:-^
'jietiV'A'' Ffoomas- Ljriwcaor'Barai"
Plate XLV.
E A T O N HA I. I
Plate XLVI.
Plate XLVII.
Plate XLVIII.
•^^^..iiift^ncs
Plate XLIX.
'?-•"' -
Plate L.
Plate LI.
'
t ^SHOBDON COURT /// ljSffic&re]vrd>&lurc£7fic, TfafofSSMALS BATEMAK K*.
Cx ^v^ ^^
Plate LIII.
Plate LIV.
S< .. -- . , t .
.
. .=
e County pf jLcicartcr
rf ' C/>arU/ty Si
Plate LV.
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
DIVISION IV.- -COLLEGIATE.
Plate LVI.— BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD.
THIS celebrated College was founded about 1263 by Sir John Balliol, of Barnard Castle, whose son
became King of Scotland ; his widow, Dervorgilla, also added to his benefactions. No part of his
building now exists, the earliest portions of the present structure, the hall and library, being of the
fifteenth century, but both were severely treated by Wyatt. Few Colleges have suffered more from
alterations ; the chapel alone has been rebuilt three times. The south front towards Broad Street is
the work of Alfred Waterhouse ; the present chapel was designed by Sir A. W. Blomfield, and the west
front by Basevi. Pennant says : — " Within my memory majestic elms graced the street before this and
the neighbouring Colleges. The scene was truly academick, walks worthy of the contemplative school
of ancient days." These have long since gone. Two delightful walled-in gardens are shown in this
view, each with an arbour and sundial, in one case a globe on a pillar, in the other on the wall.
Plate LVIL— CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD.
CHRIST CHURCH was founded by Cardinal Wolsey, a man of grand projects, whose intention was
to make it the finest seminary in the world, and had he continued in power there is little doubt that he
would have carried out his scheme. The main quadrangle is the largest in Oxford, and though incomplete,
3»
English Houses and Gardens
has a fine effect. The sinking of the inner portion by Dean Fell was certainly an improvement. Wren
completed the " Tom" Tower, scarcely with conspicuous success. Peckwater Quadrangle, with the library
of Dean Aldrich, was subsequent to the time of our illustration, but the general lines of the buildings
as shown can still be traced, proving the accuracy of Loggan's drawings. The charming little privy
gardens have all disappeared. A point to be noticed in these prints is the existence of farm buildings
attached to the Colleges. As they appear in nearly every instance, one must suppose that the supply
of farm produce was one of the businesses of the College.
Plate LVIII.— NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD.
THIS College, begun by William of Wykeham in 1380, was finished in 1386, and most of his
work remains unaltered. The hall is the oldest in Oxford, the very fine oak screen being of the
time of Archbishop Wareham, while the chapel is Perpendicular, with a massive separate bell-tower,
and the beautiful cloisters have a finely-ribbed roof. The present iron gates and railings were originally
at Canons, the magnificent house of the Duke of Chandos, near Edgware. The dignified garden-court
is the work of Sir Christopher Wren, and the gardens were the most beautiful in the city ; they possessed
a high, ornamental mound and quaint parterre of juniper hedges, with devices of a horse, sundial, etc.
There was a walk round the battlemented walls with their bastions and look-out tower.
of the xvnth and xvinth Centuries.
Plate LIX.— WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD.
THIS College was founded in 1613 by Nicholas Wadham, a Somersetshire man, who is supposed
to have employed men of his own county on the building; it is erected on the site of the Austin Friars
Monastery, and was completed by Wadham's widow. The entrance tower is a handsome one and the
chapel remarkably fine ; the hall with its open timber roof is unusual for so late a period ; indeed, the
whole building, though it has Renaissance details, is Gothic in general design. The garden is
secluded and still possesses two fine cedars ; a prominent feature was the ornamental mound with a
figure of Atlas, which served as a "look-out" in times of disorder and also a view point. It was laid
out in turf beds, with evergreen hedges, but there was another enclosure, practically a plantation,
with shady walks.
Plate LX PEMBROKE COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.
PEMBROKE COLLEGE was founded in 1348 by Mary St. Paul, widow of Aylmer de Valance. The
chapel shown (A) on thi right was designed by Wren, and was built at the cost of his uncle, the Bishop
of Ely, who was kept a prisoner in the Tower for some years. It remains to-day, but has been
lengthened by George Gilbert Scott, the younger. Dr. Long, one time Master, was an ingenious
mechanic, and constructed a hollow sphere which revolves and represents the constellation ; he also
contrived certain waterworks in the gardens. The plate shows some points of interest, — a garden dial
as well as two sundials on the walls of the left-hand court. The building on the extreme left with a
lantern is the old chapel, now used as the library. During the latter part of the last century alterations
were carried out in doubtful taste by Alfred Waterhouse, whose buildings replaced the hall, shown
in the view with a wall sundial. The right-hand court has disappeared, and new buildings designed
33 H
English Houses and Gardens
by George Gilbert Scott, junior, have been erected towards the back of the College. The plan of
the garden has been entirely changed.
Plate LXI.— EMMANUEL COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.
THIS College was founded in 1584 by Sir William Mildmay, a man of puritanical tendencies, and
on this account the foundation suffered less than any other at the time of the Commonwealth. The
architect of these buildings was one Ralph Simons, who designed the second court of St. John's
College. Wren was the architect of the chapel for his friend and patron, Sancroft, who became
Dean of St. Paul's, and later Archbishop of Canterbury. The gardens shown in the plate contain
many points of interest. The Master's garden is shown on the left-hand with (to the east) a
summer-house, and north of that is the Fellows' garden, also with a summer-house, dated 1580, and
a bathing pool. On one side is a long arbour. The College has suffered less than most from
alterations and additions, but the Tudor front facing St. Andrew's Street has been replaced by buildings
of the time of George III. designed by James Essex. The buildings and the curious balustrades
fronting the street shown on the left-hand have disappeared. The block shown on the extreme right
still remains with portions of the gardens, but the garden arrangements have been changed.
34
Plate LVI.
^-- •-•••..
Plate LVII.
ii !!!ii manna n
Plate LVIII.
Plate LTX.
Plate LX.
Plate LXI.
OLLEGIUM EMANUKLIS
A Short List of
IMPORTANT ILLUSTRATED BOOKS ON
ARCHITECTURE, DECORATIVE ART, &c.
Published by B. T. BATSFORD.
OLD ENGLISH COTTAGES AND FARM HOUSES. A Scries of Volumes designed l<> illustrate minor Domestic
Architecture. Kach volume contains HJO Artistic Collotype Plates, accompanied by Descriptive Notes and Sketches. Crovui 410, handsomely bound In art ranvas
gilt. Price 2is. each, net.
(1) KENT AND SUSSEX. Photographed by \V. GALSWORTHY DAVIR and described by K. (Juv DAWHKR.
(2) SHROPSHIRE, HEREFORDSHIRE, AND CHESHIRE. Photographed by JAMKS PARKINSON and describnl by K. A. Outn.
Illustrates characteristic lialt'-tmilx-r buildings.
(3) THE COTS WOLD DISTRICT— Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, Northants, and Woiccstershire. Photographed by W. GAI.SUORTHY
1 1 \\ !!• and descrilied by E. Gi V DAWBEK. The buildings illustrated are of stone, and present a special type of domestic work.
(4) SURREY. Containing 130 views on the 100 Plates, and over 100 lllusirations in the text, many from Photographs. Photographed by
W. GALSWORTHY DAVIR and described by \V. CURTIS (JKKEN.
The smaller domestic work in Surrey is built with a great diversity of materials : stone, brick, halC-iimber, plaster and tile-hanging ; and for roofs, tiles and stone
sl.itrs, the use and conjunction of which produce many picturesque effects.
The cottages are excellent examples of straightforward, simple building, while many of the farmhouses are exceptionally fine both in design anJ execution.
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF ENGLAND DURING THE TUDOR PERIOD, illustrate.) in a
series of Photographs and Measured Drawings of Country Mansions, Manor Houses and smaller Building-, acrompaired by an Historical and Descriptive Text. By
THOMAS GARNER, Architect, and ARTHUR STRATTON, Architect, A.K.l.H.A. This work will consist wf a I tout 180 folio Plates (si*i- 19 in. by 14 in.), of whu h some
120 will be reproduced by the beautiful process of collotype. The remaining Plates will comprise measured drawing* and -.ketches of the most interesting constructive and
ornamental details in various materials, while numerous plans drawn to -cale and other illustrations wi'l be interspersed in the text. The work will be completed in three
parts. Price, to Subscribers vniy, fa zs. net per part. Parts H. and III. arc in active preparation.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND. Illustrated l,y a Series ,,f Views and details from
Buildings erected between the years 1560 and 1635. with Historical and Critical Text. By J. AI.KKED (livrcii, F.S.A., K.R.I. B.A. Containing 145 folio Plates
(size 19 ins. x 14 ins,), 118 being reproduced from photographs and 27 from measured drawings, with 180 further illustrations of plans, details, &c., in the Text.
Two vols , large folio, half morocco, gilt. £8 8s. net.
LATER RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND. A Series of Kxamples of the Domestic Buildings erected
subsequent to the Elizabethan Period. Kdited, with Introductory and Descriptive Text, by JOHN BKLCHKK, A.R.A., and MHHVYN E. MACARTNKV, K.K.I.B.A.
Containing 170 magnificent Plates (19 ins. x 14 ins.), no of which are reproduced in Collotype, and 40 from measured drawings by various accomplished draughtsmen.
With 153 further illustrations of plans, details, &c., in the letterpress. Two vols., large folio, half morocco, gilt. ,£8 8s. net.
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND. An Analysis of English Church Architecture. By FRANCIS BOND, M. A. 750
pagci. with 1,154 Illustrations from Photographs and Drawings, including 10 Collotypes and 469 Diagrams, Mouldings, &c. Imp. 8vo, cloth, gill. 315. 6d. net.
35
A LIST OF ILLUSTRATED BOOKS — continued.
FORMAL GARDENS IN ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND. A Series of Views, Plans and Details of the finest old Gardens
still existing. With an Introduction and Descriptive Accounts. By H. INIGO TRIGGS, A.R.I.B.A. Containing 125 fine Plates, 72 from the Author's Drawings, and
53 from Photographs specially taken. Folio, half morocco, gilt. £.4 45. net.
A HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE ON THE COMPARATIVE METHOD FOR THE STUDENT,
CRAFTSMAN, AND AMATEUR. By Professor BANISTER FLETCHER and BANISTER F. FLETCHER, F.R.I.B.A. Fifth
Edition, revised and greatly enlarged. With 2,000 Illustrations, from Photographs and specially prepared Drawings. Thick demy 8vo, cloth, gilt, zis net.
EARLY RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND. An Account of the Tudor, Elizabethan, and
Jacobean Periods, 1500—1625. By J. ALPRKD GOTCH, F.S.A. With 87 Plates and 230 smaller Illustrations from Drawings and Photographs. Large Svo, cloth,
gilt. 2is. net.
ESSENTIALS IN ARCHITECTURE. An Analysis of the Principles and Qualities to be looked for in Buildings. By JOHN
BRLCIIER, A.R.A., Fellow and Past President of the Royal Institute of British Architects. With about 80 Illustrations (mostly full-page) of Old and Modern Buildings.
Large crown Svo, cloth, gilt. 5*. net.
Mr. R. NOK.MAN SHAW, R.A., writes :— " I have read the proofs of this work with the greatest interest. Mr. Belcher wishes his readers to think of Architecture
— architecturally ; tells them how to do so, and no one is more competent to teach them."
THE CHARM OF THE ENGLISH VILLAGE. Ky P. II. DUCHFIEI.D, M.A., F.S.A. Illustrated by SYDNEY R. JONES.
A popular Account for general readers. With 120 attractive Illustrations, many full-page, reproduced from the artist's charming pen-and-ink sketches, with a
Frontispiece in coloured photogravure. Large Svo, handsomely bound from a special design. 7s. 6d. net.
CONTENTS. — The Church—Manors, Farms and Rectories Cottages — Detail Decoration and Interiors — Gardens and Flowers — Inns, Shops and Mills— Almshouses and
Grammar Schools— Crosses, CJreens and Old Time Punishments— Barns and Dovecotes— Old Roads and Bridges— Rivers and Streams— Sundials and Weathercocks, £c.
OLD ENGLISH DOORWAYS. A Series of Historical Examples from Tudor Times to the end of the XVIIIth Century. Illustrated
on 70 Plates, reproduced in Collotype from Photographs specially taken by W. GALSWORTHY DAVIE. With Historical and Descriptive Notes on the subjects, including
34 Drawings and Sketches, by HENRY TANNEK, A.R.I.B.A. Large Svo, art canvas, gilt. 15*. net.
THE ART AND CRAFT OF GARDEN MAKING. By THOMAS II. MAWSON, Garden Architect. Third Edition, revised
and much enlarged. Containing upwards of 250 Illustrations (50 full page) of views, plans, details, &c., of gardens. Large 410, art canvas, gilt. 355. net.
ENGLISH INTERIOR WOODWORK of the XVI., XVII., and XVIII. Centuries. A Series of 50 Plates of Drawings
to scale and Sketches, chiefly of domestic work, illustrating a fine series of examples of Chimney Pieces, Panelling, Sides of Rooms, Staircases, Doors, Screens, &c.,
&c., with full practical details and descriptive text. By HENRY TANNER, A.R.I.B.A., Joint Author of " Some Architectural Works of Inigo Jones." Folio, cloth, gilt.
£1 i6s. net.
OLD SILVER WORK, CHIEFLY ENGLISH, FROM THE XVth to the XVIIIth CENTURIES.
A series of choice examples selected from a unique loan collection, with further fine specimens from private collections. Edited by J. STARKIE GARDNER, F.S.A.
Containing 121 beautiful Collotype Plates. Folio, buckram, gilt. £5 ss. net.
DECORATIVE PLANT AND FLOWER STUDIES. HyJ. FOORD. With 40 Coloured Plates reproduced, a Description
and Sketch of each Plant, and 450 Studies of Growth and Detail. Imperial 4to, handsomely bound in cloth, gilt, with an attractive cover design. 303. net.
OLD ENGLISH WOOD-CARVING PATTERNS. From Jacobean Oak Furniture. Drawn from rubbings. By MARGARET
F. MALIM. 30 Examples on 20 Plates. Imperial 410, in portfolio. 8s. 6d. net.
B. T. BATSFORD, Art Publisher, 94 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.
36
B. T. BATSFORD offers two fine Copies of
KIP'S ORIGINAL WORK of ENGRAVED VIEWS of ENGLISH
COUNTRY HOUSES, GARDENS, TOWNS, CITIES, PUBLIC
BUILDINGS, CATHEDRALS, &c., entitled
" NOUVEAU THEATRE DE LA GRANDE BRETAGNE,
le tout dessine sur les lieux, et grave par les plus Habiles Graveurs."
I.— A copy of the rare early Edition of 1714-16, containing brilliant impressions of the
fine plates, and comprising in all 272 views and 40 maps. The views almost without exception are
double-page (and sometimes larger), measuring about i8A ins. X 13^ ins., and printed with ample margins
on paper 24^ ins. x 20^ ins. The subjects are chiefly drawn by Leonard Knyff, and engraved by Jan Kip.
Other engravers who also contribute are James Collins, John Harris, J. Simon, W. Emmett, P. Vandrebant,
etc. The Set forms three volumes bound in four, large folio, old calf, clean, in fine condition. Price £38.
The volumes are made up as follows : —
VOL. I., Div. I. — Eighty bird's-eye views of Country Seats and Gardens in various parts of England.
VOL. I., Div. II. — Sixty-four views of Seats in Gloucestershire.
VOL. II. — Sixty-seven large plates of Cathedrals and Churches by various engravers, including a fine
[p.T.O.
series of ST. PAUL'S, also views of OXFORD, GREENWICH HOSPITAL, PORTSMOUTH, and other ports, and
folding plates of LONDON, KENSINGTON PALACE, CHELSEA, &c.
VOL. III. — A series of views, which include the CITY OF WESTMINSTER, HAMPTON COURT,
BLENHEIM, a fine view of Sir W. Ashhurst's Garden at Highgate (very rare, not found in later editions),
BUCKINGHAM HOUSE, BEDLAM, and STONEHENGE, and seventeen views of Scotch Towns and Castles.
To which is added the " Atlas Anglois," with the complete series of forty quaint maps of English
counties. (These are frequently defective or missing.)
II. — A copy of the latest and most complete Edition, 1724-9, with various additional
plates and subjects. Five volumes bound in two, old calf, in fine state. Price .£55.
The description of the first copy applies also to this, but in Vol. I. various plates are added, such
as views of HATFIELD, ASHURST HOUSE, etc. The "Atlas Anglois" is at the end of Vol. II., and
wants nine maps and ten leaves of text. Vol. III. contains the Cathedrals, with views often differing
from those of former editions. The fourth volume has additional views of Country Houses in KENT,
YORKSHIRE, ESSEX and HERTS, drawn by T. Badeslade, followed by more Kentish views, the Deptford
Docks and Shipyards, and the complete rare series of H. Winstanley's fine views of Audley End, copies
of which alone have sold for £50.
Separate views are often for sale at moderate prices. List will be sent
post free on application.
B. T. BATSFORD, BOOKSELLER, 94 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON.
38
fl
35P8 ^
• • nvsu
Macartney, Mervyn Edmund
7328 English houses & gardens in
M33 the 17th and 18th centuries
cop. 2
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11