.
Entomological News
AND
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
OF THE
Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia.
VOLUME XII, 1901.
EDITOR :
HENRY SKINNER, M. D.
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Associate Editor.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
EZRA T. CRESSON. CHARLES A. BLAKE. CHARLES L1EBKCK.
PHILIP LAUKKNT. WILLIAM J. FOX. CHARLES W. JOHNSON.
PHILADELPHIA:
ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
LOGAN SQUARE.
1901.
P. C. STOCKHAUSEN
PRINTER
53-55 N. TTH ST., PHILADELPHIA.
INDEX TO VOLUME XII.
GENERAL SUBJECTS.
Academy of Natural Sciences,
Entom. Section of 29, 63, 95, 160,
221, 293.
American Entomological Soci-
ety 28, 63, 127, 191, 325.
California Entom. Club .... 293
Cases for collections 160
Doings of Societies 27, 61, 92, 125,
159, 189, 219, 253, 293, 325.
Economic Entomology 153, 251, 291
Editorials 20, 55, 84, 119, 148, 180,
210, 245, 284, 318.
Entomological Literature 21, 56, 85.
120, 149, i Si, 211, 246, 286,320.
Feldman Collecting Social 30, 61,
92, 93, 125, 159, 189, 219, 253,294
Fig, Fertilization of 61
Florida beach, On a 10
Flowers and insects, New Mex-
ico 38
Greenhouse Coccidae . . . 231, 310
Harris Club 61, 95, 125, 191, 222, 255
Letters from Thomas Say 110,138,
173, 203, 233, 281, 314.
Malaria and mosquitoes .... 296
Montreal, Trip to 199
Mounting insects, New method 136
Newark Entom. Society 27, 63, 96,
128, 192, 256, 327.
New Mexico Biological Station 186
, Collecting in 255
, Insects of 38
Notes and News . 25, 89, 119, 158,
185, 218, 285.
Nursery inspection 291
Obituary :
Clarkson, F. . . . [28
Lugger, 192, 222
Priddey, T. G 192
Obituary :
Schneider, L. (pi. ix) . . 256
de Selys-Longchamps, E. 32,
33, 158.
Staudinger, 32
Truman, P. C. .... 327
Over the range in a wagon 1 13, 141 ,
163.
Packing and shipping insects 158,
187.
Personal :
Ashmead, W. H. . . . 91
Barrett, O. W 317
Browning, G. W ;S
Davis, G. C 90
Fiske, VV. H 157
Hopkins, A. D 41
Hulst, G. D .'5, 32
Johnson, W. G 19
Kemp, S. T 15?
Laurent, P 25, 89
Pine trees, Insects injuring 92, 317
Pitcher plants, Insects in 93, 153,
189, 254.
Pith for mounting insects 127, 160
Protection of insects 161, 283, 316
ARACHNIDA.
Garyphus floridensis 293
Griburius equestris 254
COLEOPTERA.
Acanthocinus spp 28
Acmcsodera culta 190
Adranus ccecus 28
Anthonomus disjuuctus . . 295
Anf/ircnus varius 160
Ants, C. associated with ... 28
Asaphes, a synonym 91
Barn, C. found in a 75
* New species.
11
INDEX.
Batrisus ione 28
Bryaxis luniger 159
Byrrhus americanus 256
Cicindela eureka* et spp. . . . 307
Cremastochilus canaliculatus . 256
Oychrusspp 133. 19
C. idahoensis* 133
Cydius zicgleri 28
Demetrius atricapillus .... 93
Dromius atriceps 190
Dysmerus basalis 192
Dysphaga tenuipes 221
Epicauta callosa 254
Florida, C. of 10, 28, 236, 238, 239
Hettzrius brunneipennis ... 28
Hibernating C 64
Hydrolius tessellatus 317
Lasioderma serricornis .... 326
Mallodon 62, 93
Meloe americana 64
Necrophilus hydrophiloides . . 263
Necydalis mellitus 254
New Jersey, C. of 64, 92, 159, 190,
254, 295.
New Mexico, C. of . . 40, 255
Nisaxis tomentosa 159
Opressus 28
Pasimachus elongates .' . . 3 2 7
Passalus cornutus 3 1
strength of .... .257
striclulation of ... . 279
Pennsylvania, C. of . . . 31, 93, 3 1 ?
Phaleria te-stacea 3
Platynus albipes 62
P. nivalis 255
Prionus calif ornicus ... .319
Pselaphidse .19
Pselaphus longiclavus . . .64
Schizogenus ferrugineus . . .327
Scolytidae 92,191
Scydmsenidae nS
Sitodrepa panicett 221
Sphtzridium scarabceoides, 158, 209,
256, 296.
Stenodoulcs mandibularis . . 93
Strategic antceus .... . 295
* New
Subaquatic C . 190
Xantholinus gularis 93
Xenos rossi 90
DIPTERA.
Aedes spp. . . .160, 189, 220, 254
Amalopis inconstans 305
Aquatic Psychodid 46
Archytas analis 26
Chcetogeedia crebra 1 8
Chironomus hatteralis* .... 17
Cricoptopus sylvestris 30
Culex pungens 153
Cnterebra spp 293
DoHchopus sphcsristes* .... 44
Drosophila buskii* 18
Florida, D. of 11, 12
Ilelicobia quadrisetosa* . ... 17
Microdon spp 94
Mosquitos eaten by bats . . . 221
hibernating .... 94, 125, 153
Distance traveled by ... 185
larvae in pitcher plants 30, 94,
126, 153, 160, 189.
larvae in salt water . . 295, 296
New Mexico, D. of . . . . 39, 293
Pericoma californica* . . 46, 195
P. ocellaris, var. americana* . 194
Phorbia litpitii* 206
Phorid in ant's nest 295
Pipiuiculus houghii 96
Psychodidae 46, 193
Ta china mella 26
Trichopoda spp 294
Typhlopsylla octactena .... 90
X'ariation in venation 297
Zacompsia n. gen 15
Z fulva* 15
HEMIPTERA.
Aleurodidae 51
Cicada canalicularis 31
C. hieroglyphica 31, 255
Coccidae, Greenhouse . . 231, 310
Diaspis piricola 27
Florida, H. of 11, 202
species.
INDEX.
in
Lecanium carya; 50
New Jersey, H. of .... 31,255
New Mexico, H. of 40
Pergandiella 89
San Jos^ scale 251
Tettigea hieroglyphica .... 30
Trionymus 89
HYMENOPTERA.
Alaska, H. of 325
Andrena knuthina* . . . . . . 74
Andricus cornigerus 94
Ants associated with Coleoptera 28
do. with Diptera 294
Aphasnogaster, Coleoptera as-
sociated with 28
Apis spp 285
Bassett Collection ... 326
Bees 4, 15
Blastophaga 61, 62
Ceratina neomexicana*. ... 43
Cresson collection 325
Florida, H. of 237
Formica, Coleoptera associated
with 28
Halictus conanthi* 208
Honeybee 285
Indiana, H. of 4
Lasiits, Coleoptera associated
with 28
Maine, H. of 4
Megachile in Alaska 325
Monedula 127
Myzine sexcincta 326
New Mexico, H. of 38
Odynerus birenimaculatus . . 94
Pammegischia .viphydricz* . . 278
fillip/a atrocoxalis 26
Plcnoculus davisii 221
Proper names of certain genera 267
Prosopis spp 4, 77, 162
Stic tin 127
Stylopized Polistes 90
LEPIDOPTERA.
Agrotis violaris 30, 31
Alypia langtonii 63
* New
A. 8 maculaia 63
Anthocharis genidia . . . . 31, 172
Arachnis zuni 209
Argynnis cybele 96
A. tnyrina 125
Arizona, L. of 170
Attacus \_Platy satnia~\ cecropia
45, 76, 191, 218.
Bolivia, New L. from 264
California, L. of 170
Callidryas eubule 26
Callimorpha dyarii* 45
Catocala relicla . 31
Cecropia cocoons 45, 76
Chionobas katahdin* . . . 206, 225
C. semidea 161, 283, 316
Chry sophanus hypophleas ... 64
Clisiocampa fragilis 25
Colorado, L. of 115, 118, 142, 143,
166, 168.
Device for rearing L 222
for taking moths 169
Euptoieta claudia 91
Femseca tarquinius 293
Florida, L. of .... 180, 202, 238
Haploa spp 79, 97, 221
Heterochroa californica ... 90
Hulst Collection 285
Hymeiiitis andreas* 264
J^asiocauipa medusa 26
Lepisesia ulalmne, var. rachel* 19
Libythea celtis 119
Libythea arthcmis 26
Missouri, L. of 12
Montreal, Collections at . . . . 198
New Jersey, L. of 27, 30, 31, 64, 91.
172, 254, 327.
New Mexico, L. of 39, 90
Neonympha areo/ata . . . 254, 293
Piitnphila cusillunia* 267
P. niassasoit 327
Pennsylvania, L. of 31, 91
Philanipelus clisa* 106
Picris occidental}* 18
Salt Lake City, L. at 297
Scolioptcry.v libah i.v 91
species.
IV
INDEX.
Semasia affectalis 317
Sesia scitula 94
Sphinges 12
Sphinx plebeius 30
Spragueia dama 27
Thecla dickiei* 266
T. infrequens* 265
T. martialis 180
Thyridopteryx ephemercefor-
mis 304
U. S. National Museum, L. in 120
Utah, L. of 297
Vermont, L. of 26
Yellowstone, L. of 244
Zabrotes subnitens 191
NEUROPTERA.
Argia 192
A. trans lata 326
Colors of Odonata, Preserva-
tion of 131
Enallagma piscinarium . . . .128
Gomphns plagiatus 28
G. spp. . 65
Maine, Odonata of 178, 196, 239, 269
Neurocordulia Uhleri 191
New Jersey, N. of 28, 128, 191, 254
Pennsylvania, N. of 29
Ptynx appendiculatus 254
Sympetrum vicinum 29
Tachopteryx Thoreyi, nymph
and oviposition i
Tetragoneuria spinosa . . . .191
Ulula albifrons* 172
U. spp. . . . 172
ORTHOPTERA.
Crickets stopping pipes .... 26
Dichopetala pu/chra* 207
Egg-laying of Scudderia . . 295
Florida, O. of . . . . n
Mantis religiosa in America . . 18
Neobarrettia n. gen 15
New Jersey, O. of 94
Pink grasshoppers . . 1 29
Tcnodera sin en sis . . 96, 220, 293
Schistocerca spp 294
Scudderia texensis 295
AUTHORS.
Ashmead, W. H 277
Babb, G. F 279
Banks, N 172
Blaisdell, F. E 243, 263
Bock, G. W 188
Bradley, J. C 317
Brainerd, D 26
Browning, G. W 297
Bruce, D 19
Brues, C. T 44
Burrison, H. K. . . . . 244
Calvert, P. P. 21, 29, 32, 33, 56, 65,
85, 120, 149, 158, 181, 211, 242,
246, 270, 286, 319, 320.
Caffrey, G. W 296
Carpenter, S. C 91, 161
Cockerell, T. D. A. 18, 26, 27, 38,
43, 74, 89, 90, 187, 1 88, 208, 317.
Cockerell, W. P 209
Coquillett, D. W. . . . 15, 16, 206
Daggett, F. S 319
Davis, G. C 186
Davis, W. T 76
Dyar, H. G 120
Fall, H. C 307
Fenyes, A 90
Field, W. L. W. 61, 95, 125, 191,
222, 256.
Foster, F. H 79, 97
Fox. W. J. 32, 63, 93, no, 267, 285
Girault, A 304
Grinnell, F., Jr 26
Harvey, F. L. . 178, 196, 239, 269
Hinds, \V. E 257
Houghton, C. 90, 209
Howard, L. 224
Johnson, C. W 305
Johnson, O. B 136
Kellogg. V. L. . . . . . 46
Kemp, S. T. . . . 27, 64, 96
Kincaid, T 193
King, G. B 50, 231, 310
* New species.
INDEX.
Knab, F . . 91
Koons, B. F 89
Lovell, J. H 4, 162
Luccareni, G. A. . . . 128, 256, 327
Marloff, F 91
Mayer, A. G 219
Merrick, F. A 169, 188
Merrick, H. D 45
Newcomb, H. H. . . 198, 206, 225
Ottolengui, R 283
Pearsall, R. F 158
Rehn, J. A. G 16, 207
Reinick, W. 95, 127, 160, 191, 255,
296.
Robertson, C 77
Rowley, R. R 12
Say, T. no, 138, 173, 203, 233, 281
314.
Scudder, S. H 129
Skinner, H. . 20, 29, 30, 55, 63, 84,
96, 119, 120, 128, 148, 158, 160,
170, 180, 189, 192, 210, 216, 217,
218, 222, 245, 284, 292, 294, 327.
Slingerland, M. V 18
Slosson, A. T. 10, 180, 200, 236, 316
Smith, J. B 153, 253, 293
Smyth, E. A. Jr 106
Snyder, A. J. . . 112, 141, 163, 233
Soule, C. G 45
Stortz, G 192
Viereck, H. L. . . 325
Webb, J. L 133
Webster, F. M 296
Weeks, A. G., Jr 264
Wenzel, H. W 75
Williamson, E. B i, 131
Woodworth, H. 51
Wormsbacher, H 91
i
ENT. NEWS, Vol. XII.
PI. I.
TACHOPTERYX THOREYI.
(NYMPH.)
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
VOL. XII. JANUARY, 1901. No. i.
CONTENTS:
Williamson. On the Manner of Ovi-
position and on the Nymph of
Rehn. A New Genus of Deticinse. . . . 16
Coquillett. New Species of Diptera.. 16
Tachopteryx Thoreyi i Brnce. New Variety of Lepisesia. . . . 19
Lovell. Bees of Maine and Indiana . 4
Slosson. - On a Florida Beach 10
Rowley. Notes on Missouri Springs. 12
Coquillett. A New Genus of Ortalidse 15
Editorial 20
Entomological Literature 21
Notes and News 25
Doings of Societies 27
On the Manner of Oviposition and on the Nymph
of Tachopteryx Thoreyi.
(ORDER ODONATA.)
Plate I.
By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
Tachoptcrv.\ Tliorcvi Hagen is the only representative in
eastern North America of the legion Petalura (Selys ) of the
subfamily Gomphinae. This legion has been regarded by late
writers as the most primitive of all the Odonata Anisoptera.
No nymphs of this legion have hitherto been described, so it
is believed that the following description will be particularly
welcome.
The nymph in question was collected by Mr. D. A. Atkinson,
near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, on June 4, 1900. Mr. Atkinson
was collecting salamanders in a boggy spot along Squaw Run,
a tributary of the Allegheny River in Alleghany County, when
he saw the nymph clinging to the trunk of a tree, about t\v<>
feet above the mud from which it had recently crawled, as the
mud which covered it was not yet dry. This was about 10 A. M .
Placed in a box the nymph climbed up one side to a height of
2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
about eighteen inches, and the imago emerged at 5 P.M. In
the boggy spot where the nymph was collected, at that time
the only surface water was that which was retained in small
depressions, such as the tracks of cattle, among the roots of
the sedges and grasses. On July 15, 1900, Mr. J. L. Graf
observed another female ovipositing in this same swale. She
alighted among the dense grasses and placed the eggs among
the roots or in wet decaying vegetable matter above the surface
of the water. She would raise and lower her abdomen eight
or ten times in one place, then fly to another spot. The time
was between 10 and n A.M. On June 23, 1900, at Ohio Pyle,
Mr. Graf discovered still a third female of this species oviposit-
ing. A mere thread of water flowed along the railroad track
from several small springs. The bed of this small stream was
composed of cinders and sand. The dragonfly alighted in the
grass near this stream and placed her eggs in a small depression
in the cinders. This depression contained not more than a table-
spoonful of water. Into this small basin she thrust her abdomen
a number of times at the rate of fifteen or twenty times a minute.
Mr. Graf caught her as she started to fly away. Held in the
fingers she could not be induced to exude any more eggs. This
was about i P.M. Neither Mr. Graf nor myself could discover
the eggs where she had been ovipositing. While the female
was resting in the grass a male was either fluttering about or
resting on a large boulder close at hand.
Description of Nymph. Length 38 mm., including abdominal append-
ages ; tarsi 3-3-3 ; antenna? y-jointed ; lateral lobe of labium bent dorsally
near its posterior edge to form a mask which covers the labrum and a
portion of the clypeus ; impression of the vulvar lamina and genital valves
present on the sternum of the ninth abdominal segment. Color entirely
concealed by the mud which encrusts the specimen and which a thorough
washing failed to entirely remove. It is possible that structural r 'laracters
may be obscured by this mud and so omitted in the following description.
Head wide, angular, square, convex in front, concave behind, the eyes
placed in the outer anterior corners ; roughened, generally sparsely hairy,
edges and tubercles with dense bristle-like hairs ; on each side, back of
the eyes two prominent edges and a less developed one above; facv in
front of base of an tenure vertical ; antemue 3.5 mm. long, hairy, flattened,
the basal joint largest, terete, with the external edge angular ; last joint
Miiall, apc\ irregular; other joints about equal in size, slightly larger
dasally, about half as lung as wide. Labium short and broad; middle
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3
lobe square, 4.5 mm. long and 5.5 mm. wide, abruptly narrower near the
posterior end ; anterior edge with a larger tooth on either side of the
median line and about ten smaller ones on either side ; extending pos-
teriorly to half way between the bases of the first and second pairs of
legs ; lateral lobes wide, opposed edges straight, notched with small
serrations.
Prothorax angular, high, dorsum and sides meeting at nearly a right
angle, the edge produced laterally and clothed with bristly hairs ; all of
thorax scantily clothed with short hairs. The thorax widens and deepens
from the prothorax to the metathorax at the base of the third pair of U-gs
win-re it is as wide as the abdomen in its widest part. The front wing
cases extend to the posterior edge of the fourth abdominal segment ;
apparently the costas lie almost parallel ; the cases of the hind wings
reach to the middle of the fifth segment. Legs very robust, strongly
formed, angular, especially the femora, the edges clothed with bristles ;
a deep depression in the mesosternum, between the second pair of legs,
to accomodate the hinge of the labium.
Abdomen spindle-shaped, 23 mm. long, widest at the fifth segment
where its width equals one-half its length, low, flattened, the sterna
scarcely convex, terga convex, width of fifth segment n mm., depth 5
mm. Segment nine with a lateral posterior spine ; on segments ante-
rior this spine grows successively smaller, not present on first three
segments. The mark, on the sternum of the ninth segment, of the ovi-
positor of the imago is conspicuous. On dorsum of segment five are two
tufts of bristles, one on either side, separated from each other by about
one-third the width of the segment, and placed a litttle nearer the pos-
terior than the anterior margin of the segment ; these tufts persist from
the fifth to the ninth segments, the tufts on each segment successively
approaching each other more closely till on the ninth they stand just on
either side of the median line ; each tuft is placed on an irregular eleva-
tion and in some cases seems to be double. Appendages short, middle
one tapering; apex truncate, on either side produced to form a short
tooth ; laterals shorter, conical ; inferiors compressed, wide, rounded
triangular, longer than the middle appendage, the lower edges and the
posterior ventral edge of the tenth segment between them bearing many
long stiff, yellowish hairs.
Described from the extivia of the reared female of June 4,
1900 ; both exuvia and imagx* are in my collection.
FXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Kig. i. Dorsal view of Nymph of Tachopteryx Thoreyi Hagtn, Pitts-
burg, Pa., (une 4, 1900.
Fig. 2. Dorsal view of the terminal abdominal appendages.
l'ig-3 Median portion of the sternum of ninth abdominal segment
showing the prominences for the ovipositor of tin.- imago.
Fig. 4. Labium of the exuvia.
4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
The Bees of Maine and Indiana.
By JOHN H. L,ovELL, Waldoboro, Maine.
PROSOPIS.
While the bees of the genus Prosopis are widely distributed,
comparatively few species occur in any one locality. In New
Mexico there have been described P. asinhia, mcsillcF, ritd-
bcckicr, tridcntidfc and wootoni ; in Illinois P. ajfinis (ziziee),
illinccnsis, modesta, ndnmbonis, pygmcea, sanicuhe and thaspii ;
in New Jersey P. affinis, antennata, conflucns, modes fa and
pygm&a ; and in Canada P. affinis, basalis, clliptica, modesta
and varifrons. It will be observed that the species of New
Mexico differ entirely from those of Illinois, and belong to a
southern type. The bees of northeastern America, including
Illinois, New Jersey, New England and Canada, form a natural
group containing several species in common, while others are
more local in their distribution.
My collections have been made within an area of a few
square miles in Lincoln County, in southern Maine. This
county lies in latitude 44 and borders upon the salt water.
Very likely, when the State has been thoroughly explored,
additional species may be discovered. This paper is based upon
66 specimens taken by myself at Waldoboro, Maine ; and 37
specimens collected for me by Mr. R. J. Weith, at Elkhart,
Indiana. I have been unable to find any record of observations
upon Maine bees.
i. P. basalis Sm., 1853.
This is a very rare species in this locality. I ^have taken
only a single specimen, a female, on the flowers of Aralia his-
pida which blooms in July. This species has been recorded
from Canada, New Hampshire and New York. It may be re-
cognized by its large size and the absence in the female of all
yellow markings. The length of this specimen is 9 mm. Black,
tarsi ferruginous, also the edge of the wing base. Face closely
punctate, punctures elongate ; clypeus and sides of face mi-
nutely pubescent ; thorax closely punctate. First segment of
abdomen smooth and shining, apical margin fringed laterally
with a white pubescence.
1901] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 5
2. P. pygmaea Cr., 1869.
A small species ; length 4 mm. My first specimens were
taken this season on the garden blackberry June igth, and my
last on the goldenrod August 22nd ; this bee was also taken on
the wild rose and Aralia hispida. Nine 9 and eight $ speci-
mens taken at \Valdoboro, Maine, and seven 9 and four $
specimens collected at Elkhart, Indiana.
$. Face marks bow shaped, yellow (in one specimen nearly dark) ;
clypeus and supraclypeal piece dark, finely and irregularly striate ; in one
specimen there is a small dot on clypeus. Collar dark, two yellow spots
on tubercles, sometimes with a minute dark dot in the center ; teguke
either with or without a yellow spot. First segment of abdomen smooth
and shining, no apical fringe of pubescence on segments.
rf. Base of all the tibiae, tubercles, clypeus, supraclypeal piece and
sides of face pale yellow ; upward extensions of lateral face marks diverg-
ing from the orbit, and slightly enlarged and rounded at apex. Supra-
clypeal mark longer than broad. Yellow line on scape in front, flagellum
testaceous beneath.
In Illinois females frequently have a spot on clypeus, and
usually a spot on tegulae ; but the males are frequently without
spots on tegulse.
3. P. sauiculae Rob., 1896.
?. More slender than P. pygmcza. A narrow, rather short yellow
stripe on each side of the face, not rilling the space between the clypeus
and orbit. A yellow spot on each of the hind tibia; ; collar, tubercles and
tegulae dark. Head and thorax finely punctate ; abdomen impunctate,
shining ; apical segments minutely pubescent.
My specimens were taken July i5-i6th on Aralia Jn'spida.
Waldoboro, Maine. 3 9 specimens ; Elkhart, Indians, 2
specimens.
4. P. modesta Say, 1897.
9. Face marks triangular, two yellow spots on collar and tubercles,
and base of all the tibia? yellow. Flagellum testaceous beneath. No yel-
low spots on tegulae or edge of wing-base. Head and thorax closely
punctured ; first abdominal segment smooth and shining, with lateral
apical fringe of white pubescence. Wings dusky hyaline.
Elkhart, Indiana, 4 9 specimens. Robertson regards it as
probable that Say's description was based on specimens taken
in Indiana.
The females of this species in Illinois do not differ from this
6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
description, except that sometimes they have small spots on
tegttlse.
At Waldoboro, Maine, I have taken 32 female specimens
that agree with the above description. My first specimens this
season were taken July i5th on Aralia hispida, my last August
igth on the goldenrod. I have also taken these females on
Spircca salicifoUa, Ilex rcrticillafa, Conms stolon if era and the
wild rose. In size they show considerable variation. I have
also taken in this locality 1 1 female specimens which have the
face marks but slightly triangular or reduced to a narrow
stripe. In one of these forms the collar is dark and the spots
on tubercles are very small, otherwise they are typical. The
markings are occasionally orange colored.
r5\ Clypeus, supraclypeal piece and sides of face yellow, upward ex-
tensions of lateral face marks tapering to a point. Anterior tibiae in front
and base of all the others are tarsi-yellow. First abdominal segment
shining, punctuation sparse and faint, otherwise as in female.
Elkhart, Indiana, 19 specimens.
In Illinois, according to Robertson, 13 male specimens agree
with this description, six had a yellow line on mandibles, five
a yellow spot on labrum, one had the scape yellow in front and.
three had no spot on collar.
While the females of P. modesta are our commonest forms of
Prosopis in Maine, the males are comparatively rare. As the
result of much diligent collecting in this genus, I have taken
but four males of P. modesta, two (taken on the goldenrod
August i gth and aoth) agree with the above description, the
third has no spots on collar, the fourth (taken July i6th on
Shircca salicifolia) has no spots on collar, but a spot on labrum
and yellow lines on mandibles.
5. P. affinis Sm., 1853.
P. zizicz Rob., 1896.
9- I have from Indiana a single specimen. It differs from P. modcsfa
in having a yellow spot on tegulae and the edges of wing-base yellow.
Six female specimens collected at Waldoboro, Maine, conform to the
type. As noticed by Cockerell they are rather smaller than P. modest a.
July 1 6th on Aralia hispida to August nth on goldenrod.
1 . Differs from the male of P. modesta in the broad truncation of the
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7
upward extensions of the lateral face marks ; in the yellow spot on tegulae
and edge of wing-base ; and in having the first abdominal segment finely
but closely and distinctly punctured. One of my specimens has the
markings orange instead of yellow, and in another they are flesh colored.
This species is much rarer than the preceding.
\Yaldoboro, Maine, 4 specimens ; August.
Bibliography of North American Species of Prosopis.
EASTERN NORTH AMERICA.
' Prosopis affinis Smith, 9d\ Can., Me., Conn., N. J., Ind., 111.
affinis Smith, Cat. Hymen. Br. Mus., i, No. 23, p. 24, 1853,
affinis Cr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, No. 3. p. 270, 1869, 9 C
affinis Prov., Nat. Can., xiii, No. 2, p. 259, 1882, 9c?-
affinis Prov., Faun. Ent. Can. Hy., No. 2, p. 727, 1882, 9c
zizise Robts., Can. Ent, xxvii, No. 5, p. 136, May, 1896, f .
P. antennata Cr., S-?, N. J., Maryland.
antennata Cr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, p. 271, No. 6, 1869,^.
P. basalis Smith, 9r?, Hudson's Bay, Can.; Me., N. H., N. Y.
basalis Smith, Cat Hymen. Br. Mus., i, No. 22, p. 23, 1853, <
basalis Cr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, No. i, p. 269, 1869, <
basalis Prov., Nat. Can., xiii, No. i, p. 258, 1882, 2J'.
basalis Prov., Faun. Ent. Can. Hy., No. i, p. 726, 1883, 9 C
P. confluens Smith, 9. Florida.
confluens Smith, Cat. Hy. Brit. Mus., i, No. 24, p. 24, 1853, ?.
P. elliptica Kirby, 9, Canada.
elliptica Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am., iv, No. 368, p. 266, 1837,9.
P. rlammipes Robts., 9, Florida.
flammipes Robts., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xx, p. 273, 1893, 9-
P. floridana Robts., 9, Florida.
floridanus Robls., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xx, p. 273, 1893, $.
P. georgica Ckll., <j\ Georgia.
georgica Ckll , Psyche, vii, p. 438, Oct., 1896, J 1 .
P. illinojnsis Robts., -7 1 , Illinois.
illinoisensis Robts., Can. Ent , xxviii, No. 5, p. 138, May, 1896, c
illiiKL-nsis Robts., Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, vii. No. 14, p. 315, May,
1897. C?-
P. labiatif rons Ckll., rf t Georgia.
labiatifrons Ckll., Psyche, vii, p. 437, Oct., 1896, c
P. modesta (Say), Cresson, 9 J, Can., Me., N. H., Mass., Conn., Va.,
111., Ind., N. Y.
Hylanis modestus Say, Bos. Jour. Nat. Hist., i, 4, p. 392, 1837, <j
Hylaeus modestus LeConte, Writ, of Th. Say, Entom., ii, p. 771, 1859.
modesta Cr., Synops. Hy. N. Am., p. 291, 1887.
affinis Robts., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xxii, p. 116, May, 1895.
modesta Robt., Can. Ent., xxviii, No. 5, p. 136, May, 1896,
8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
P. nelumbonis Robts., 9, Illinois.
nelumbonis Robts., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xvii, p. 318, 1890, $.
P. Pennsylvania Ckll., r?, Pa., Va.
pennsylvanica Ckll., Psyche, vii, p. 439, Oct., 1896, tf.
P. pygmaea Cr., J>, 111., Ind., N. Y., Conn., Me.
pygmaea Cr. Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, No. 7, p. 272, 1869, <j\
pygmsea Robts., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xxii, p. 116, May, 1895.
pygmaea Robts.. Can. Ent., xxviii, No. 5, p. 136, May, 1896, $.
P. sanicuke Robts., 9 J\ Hi., Iowa.
saniculce Robts., Can. Ent., xxviii, No. 5, p. 137, May, 1896, 9c
sanictilae Ckll., Psyche, vii, p. 438, Oct., 1896, $.
P. schwarzii Ckll., $, Florida.
schwarzii Ckll., Ent. Mag., xxxii, p. 218, Oct., 1896, ?.
P. sparsa Cr., 9, Perm.
sparsa Cr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xxi, No. 4, 271, 1869, $.
P. thaspii Robt., 9, Illinois.
thaspii Robts., Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, viii, No. 3, p. 43, Mar - 3-
i8 9 s, 9.
P. triangularis Ckll., J\ Georgia.
triangularis Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 31, June, 1896, <j\
P. verticalis Cr., J\ Mass.
verticals Cr., Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, No. 5, p. 271, '69, $.
WESTERN NORTH AMERICA.
P. asinina Ckll. and Casad., 9cT, N. Mex.
asininus Ckll. and Casad., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xxii, p. 299, 1895, c
bipes Ckll., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xxii, p. 300, Aug., 1895, 9-
bipes Ckll., Synonym, Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 30, June, 1896
asinina Ckll., n. var., bigeloviss, Bull. Denison U., xi, 3, p. 72, Nov.,
1898, N. Mex., 9.
Prosopis n. nom. Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 30, June, 1896.
P. bakeri Ckll., J, Colorado.
bakeri Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 26, April, 1896, $.
P. citrinifrons Ckll., cJ\ Colorado.
citrinifrons Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 27, April, 1896, tf.
P. coloradensis Ckll., tf, Colorado.
coloradensis Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 30, June, 1896, tf.
P. coquilletti Ckll., <j\ California.
coquilletti Ckll., Psyche, vii, p. 439, Oct., 1896, ^ .
P. digitata Ckll., $, Colorado.
digitatus Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 30, June, 1896, tf.
P. divergens Ckll., J\ Colorado.
divergens Ckl., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 29, June, 1896, J 1 .
P. episcopalis Ckll., <$ , Colorado.
episcopalis Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 29, June, 1896, cf .
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9
P. mesillae Ckll., tf, N. Mex.
subtilis Fox, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc , xxii, p. 295, Aug., 1895, <$.
mesillce Ckll., Can. Ent., xxviii, p. 42, No. 2, Feb., 1896.
P. nevadensis Ckll., rf', Nevada.
nevadensis Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 32, June. 1896, ^.
P. rudbeckise Ckll. and Casad., J\ N. Mex.
rudbeckiae Ckll. and Casad., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., xxii, p. 300, Aug.,
rudbeckite Ckll , n. var. ruidosensis, Psyche, vii, Suppl. i. p. 30,
June, 1896, ,-{', N. Mex.
rudbecku-e Ckll., n. var. subdigitata, Psyche, vii. Suppl. i, p. 31,
June, 1896, rf, Colorado.
P. rugosula Ckll., tf, Colorado.
rugosulus Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 28, April, 1896, $.
rugosula Ckll., n. var. fallax, Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 28, Apr., '96.
P. suffusa Ckll, rf, Nevada.
suffusa Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 32, April, 1896, $.
P. tridens Ckll., J\ Colorado.
tridens Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 28, April, 1896, J*.
P. tridentula Ckll , -J 1 , Colorado.
tridentulus Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 27. 1896, <$.
P. variifrons Cr., $, Colorado.
variifrons Cr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, No. 2, p. 270, 1869, 9-
P. wootoni Ckll., tf, N. Mex.
wootoni Ckll., Psyche, vii, Suppl. i, p. 26. April, 1896, (j\
MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA.
P. azteca Cr., 9, Mexico.
aztecaCr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, No 8, 272, 1869, 9.
P. dubiosa Cr., tf, Mexico.
dubiosa Cr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, No. 9, p. 272, 1869,
P. grossa Cr., J 1 , Mexico.
grossa Cr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, N. 9, p. 273, 1869, tf.
P. maculipennis Smith, J , Mexico.
maculipennis Sm., Desc,. New Spe. Hymen., No. 18, p. 23, '7<>.
P. mexicana Cr., 9d\ Mexico.
mexicana Cr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, No. 10, p. 272, '69,
P. trepanda Smith, + , Mexico.
trepanda Sm., Descr. New Spe. Hymen., No. 19, p. 23, 1879, $.
P. vigilans Smith, 9, Mexico.
vigilans Sm., Descr. New Spec. Hymen. No. 17, p. 22, 1879, 9.
CUBA.
P. limbifrons Cr., 9. Cuba.
Hmbifrons Cr., Pr. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, No. 12, p. 273, 1869,9.
io ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
On a Florida Beach.
By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON.
It has always been a favorite paradox of mine, one which I
have often repeated to young friends the smaller your field the
more work you can do. All out-door collectors will know what
I mean. If obliged by circumstances, whatever they may be,
to remain in one particular locality, however limited, one is apt
to observe interesting details, discover new objects which are
overlooked when one can wander far and wide at his own sweet
will. I found this so, very markedly, last winter in Florida.
I spent three months, from December to April, at Palm
Beach, on Lake Worth. During the greater part of that time
I was, owing to the serious illness of a friend, confined closely
to the house. We were staying at a hotel situated directly
upon the ocean beach. It was necessary, for some weeks, that
all my collecting should be done within sight of the hotel, that
I might be near at hand and summoned in any emergency.
And the time of my absence from the house never exceeded an
hour.
I had, for years, known this beach well and thought I had
exhausted its resources, but I made many interesting discover-
ies in those brief and restricted rambles.
All along the shore grows tall, stout beach grass a Uniola.
Mr. Schwarz has written of the insects living upon this grass.
I found many of the species mentioned by him and one or two
which he had not found there. A small, black weevil, a
Barid, was always on the sand near the roots of this grass. It
proved to be Casey's Limnobaris limbifcr. I found dozens of
this species. I tried to investigate its life history, but in vain.
I could not find it in any stage, except as imago, though I feel
confident of its living in root or stalk of the Uniola. A little
higher up and farther from the water another weevil was very
abundant on the sand under low plants. This was , -Ical/cs c/a-
I'ahis. One of the convolvulus ^ family, Iponura /V.v-m/W, or
goats-foot morning-glory trails over the sandy beach every-
where. It has roundish shining leaves and its stem grows
from ten to twenty feet in length. This is the native food
igoi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II
plant of Cylas formicarius, the sweet potato weevil. I found
this fact out several ) r ears ago and wrote to the late Dr. Ham-
ilton about it, sending him sections of the Ipomcca stem with
this species within it, in all its different stages. The good
Doctor was much interested and urged me to record the dis-
covery, but I have never done so till now. Under boards and
sticks upon the beach I found often an odd and showy Anthicid,
new tome. It was . \nthicus currax Champ, as Mr. Sch\v;ir/
tells me, and is described and figured in the Biologia Cent.
Am. Mr. Schwarz says it is a maritime species and that he
has found it at Jupiter and Capron, in Florida, and has it also
from Texas.
In similar situations the Staphylinid Cafius bistriatits is
found in great abundance, also many specimens of Philonthus
alumnus, common all along the coast. Under all kinds of
debris the different species of Phaleria were very numerous, P.
picipcs being least common. As usual, there are upon the
white sand many whitish insects, difficult to distinguish 011
their pale background. A horse-fly, Tabanus psammophilus
of palest gray, a large cream-white spider, two or three of the
cricket family, pallid and silvery, several species of Dolichopo-
didae of greenish white ; a tiny fly, just the color of the sand,
Rhicna'ssa albula ; these and many more pale, ghostly, shadowy
creatures frequent the dazzlingly white sea sand, eluding, de-
cieving and aggravating the collector.
T\vo of the silvery crickets which I found on the sand were,
respectively, Cycloptilus sqnamosns, known only, hitherto, from
Texas, I think ; and Mogosoplidus slossoni. This last genus I
was so fortunate as to add to our fauna two or three years ago,
its only American habitat heretofore being Chili. I found the
species first under bark of fallen trees at Miami, Biscay ne Bay,
silvery, iridescent pearly little creatures, very agile and slipperx
One morning in March, just after an easterly storm, when
for two or three days there had been a strong wind from the
sea, I found on the beach some very odd, long-legged little
beasts, not very unlike immature "water-boatmen." These
were found to be, as Dr. Uhler wrote me, Halobafcs wuellerstorfii,
a marine hemipter of the Ilydrobatidae, generally found far out
12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
at sea. I saw scores of them, mostly dead, though a few
showed signs of life none were really active. Mr. Wickham
wrote an exceedingly interesting paper concerning this species,
published in ENT. NEWS, Vol. V, p. 45. He saw several
specimens skimming on the surface of the water off Key West
and also near Sand Key Light. This was in late June and
early July. He speaks of their moving about "after the fashion
of our common Hygrotrcchus, but with extremely rapid move-
ment," so that it was next to impossible to capture them from
the vessel.
One hot day when there was a land breeze I heard people
complaining of the " sand flies " along the shore, which made
it almost impossible to stay there. This at once aroused my
interest. Mr. Coquillett had spoken to me of a minute
' midge," complained of by travellers in Florida and perhaps
tindescribed. I could not neglect this opportunity, so went to
the beach as soon as possible. Sitting down on the sand under
the lee of the bluff which skirts the shore, I was immediately
made a martyr to science. Hundreds and thousands of these
tiny flies swarmed about and over me, biting viciously, till my
hands and face seemed pricked all over by red-hot needles. I
secured many specimens. The fly is a Ceratopogon, perhaps
gcnualis, a Cuban species, perhaps one new to science, so wrote
Mr. Coquillett at the time ; I have no more recent report. But
I need no distinguished dipterist to tell me that the biting ap-
paratus of this species is well developed and kept in good work-
ing order.
' <>
Notes on Missouri Springs.
By R. R. ROWLEY, Louisiana, Mo.
In Ma}', 1899, Mr. G. M. Dodge of this place took two
specimens of Deidamia inscripta, at apple blossoms, and in June
following half a dozen or more imagoes of Amphion ncssus about
persimmon blooms, thus confirming the writer's previously ex-
pressed opinion that they would be found among our Sphingial
fauna.
A close watch of the food plants of both these moths gave
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13
no larvae of either, and the only compensation for expended
time was a lone larva of Thyrcus abbotii on wild grapes.
On August i jth, the writer found almost countless numbers
of larvae of Daronma catalpcs on catalpa trees in the town of
Greenville, Mo. These caterpillars were of all sizes from those
just hatched to those full grown. Earlier broods had defoliated
the trees, and the new leaves were fast disappearing before this
late summer brood. The underside of every leaf gave from two
to six young larvae, and the full-grown " W 7 orms" were crawl-
ing about on the ground in search of fit places in which to
burrow.
On turning over some stones and boards, several pupae and
larvae ready to pupate, along with dry pupal skins from which
moths had escaped, were found.
Unable to take care of the larvae, I sent a box each to G. M.
Dodge, of Louisiana, and O. C. Poling, of Ouincy, 111., from both
of whom I afterwards procured pupae, and for the following
description of the younger larval stages I am indebted to Mr.
Dodge: "August 2oth. Larvae received August igth. Length
of youngest larva about $/% of an inch. White above, green
below. Head shining, black. Mandibles greenish. First seg-
ment or neck green. Dorsal line black, expanded anteriorly
on each segment forming a pyriform spot. A black lunule
embracing the straight black caudal horn. Horn starts back-
ward.
' Subdorsal line black, interrupted, consisting of an irregular
black dot on each segment (the posterior ones much the larger)
connected by small black dots. A black spot follows the caudal
horn.
"A larger specimen ( length about one inch ). The pyriform
spots of the dorsal line become broader. It may be better de-
scribed as a black stripe broadest on anterior part of each seg-
ment. The spots along the side are larger and connected by
two dotted lines. First segment black above. Horn slightly
recurved, base greenish.
' A third si/.e ( length about i V% inches) is distinctly yellow-
ish on sides. The black spots have disappeared and the spi-
racles are marked by minute dots. The entire back is
14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
"broadly, velvety black, with two longitudinal broken rows of
narrow whitish spots most distinct on the central segments.
First segment yellowish green with a narrow curved line.
The black of the back is bordered by a narrow white line
which is itself margined outwardly by a very narrow more or
less interrupted black line. In each form the prolegs are green
with a black spot at their insertion on each side. True legs
black."
The full-grown larva is 2^ inches long, with black head,
"broad black dorsal line or stripe ; long, slender, slightly in-
curved black caudal horn. There are two lateral broken lines
of black between which the color is yellowish green. The
vental suface is greenish. True legs black. The head is
rather large and more like that of Hcmaris than the larger
Sphinges. The whole larva differs greatly from that of Da-
rannta undulosa, our only other species of the genus, and in
its uniform thickness throughout it again recalls the larva of
He in ar is.
The long wire-like caudal horn, slightly recurved in the full-
grown larva, reminds one both of Hemaris and the younger
caterpillars of Philampelns.
The very young larvae are pale and crossed by rows of black
dots.
The pupae vary much in size and color, the largest chrysalid
being over i YO, inches in length and red-brown, while the smallest
is hardly more than an inch and light yellowish brown. The
burrow is not deep. The imago is much inferior to that of
nndiilosa in color.
From one pupa the writer obtained a moth with one pair of
wings much shorter, broader and more rounded at the extrem-
ities than on the opposite side. The antenna on the same side
is shorter and weaker than on the other.
I found larvae of Actius Inna, feeding on persimmon, last
July. Four of the large bombycids feed on this tree : cccropia,
pronicthca, regal is and Inna.
MRS. ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON will, as usual, spend the winter in
Florida. We will expect to receive more of her delightful collecting ex-
periences.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15
A New Genus of Ortalidae.
By D. \V. CooriLLETT.
Zacompsia gen. nov.
Near Eitexesta, but the third antennal joint twice as wide as long and
more slender, no acrostichal bristles, and the color not metallic. Body
rather slender, front not punctured nor rugose, at the upper edge about
one and one half times as wide as either eye, antenna; as long as the face,
the third joint about twice as long as wide, rounded at the apex, arista
bare, occiput strongly convex, cheeks a'xnit one- fifth as wide as the eye-
height, proboscis short and robust, palpi clavate ; thorax bearing one pair
of dorsocentral, two supra-alar, two posthumeral, one humeral, one meso-
pleural and one sternopleural bristle, scutelium bearing four bristles, femora
bare on the under side ; first vein bare, third and fourth veins converging
toward their apices, lower outer angle of anal cell prolonged in the form
of a rather long lobe, small and posterior crossveins nearly perpendicular.
Type, the following species :
Zacompsia fulva sp. nov.
Reddish yellow, the proboscis, apex of the third joint of antennae, the
arista except its base, an ocellar dot, small spot on occiput above the
neck, the tibiae, whole of front tarsi and apices of the others, brown, all
bristles and the short bristly hairs black ; wings hyaline, marked with
Wir indistinct grayish crossbands ; the first is below the humeral cross-
vein ; the second is very broad and extends from the stigma to beyond
the fifth vein ; the third begins midway between apices of the first and
second veins and passes over the hind crossvein ; the fourth borders the
tip of the wing from slightly before apex of second vein to slightly beyond
apex of the fourth ; body subopaque, not pruinose except the white prui.
nose pleura ; front opaque, vertex polished, orbits and frontal lunule white
pruinose ; length, 4.5 mm. A specimen of each sex and a third specimen!
with the apex of the abdomen broken off.
Had. Texas (Belfrage) and Opelousas, La. ( G. R. Pilate
Type : No. 5199, U. S. National Museum.
The specimens from Opelousas were submitted by Mr. C. \Y.
Johnson, by whom they were received from Dr. (kirry dt- X.
Hough.
* -
THE BEE AS A MESSENGER. Says the Westminister (iaze/te : A West
County farmer is training bees as letter carriers. A bee is taken away
from home and a letter printed in microphotography is gummed to his
little back, and he is thrown into the air. Home he goes like a carrier
pigeon, and the advantage he would have over his big brother in time of
war is obvious. It is very unlikely that he would be seen ; and, if seen, it
would tax the skill even of the finest Boer marksman to bring him down.
This is an idea worthy of the attention of the War Office. Newspaper.
1 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [January,
A New Genus of Deticinae.
By JAMES A. G. REHN.
The species on which this genus is founded was described
by the writer (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVII, p. 89) as a
species of Capnobotes, but a closer study of the descriptions and
plates of allied genera has confirmed the belief that it is generi-
cally distinct. The generic characters would be as in the sub-
joined diagnosis.
NEOBARRETTIA n. gen.
Pronotum saddle shaped, the posterior portion being elevated
much more than the anterior portion ; pro- meso- and meta-
sternum with paired spines, those of the metasternum being the
stoutest and those of the prosternmn the most slender ; tegmina
and wings abbreviated, the former broadly rounded.
Type. Capnobotes impcrfcdus Rehn. Tans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., XXVII, p. 89.
I take pleasure in dedicating this remarkable genus to Mr.
Otis W. Barrett, who collected the three types at Rio Cocula,
State of Guerrero, Mexico.
This genus is one of the most interesting and remarkable in
the subfamily. The position of it would probably be between
Capnobotes and Apote, though this is hardly more than conjec-
ture, as I cannot examine specimens of those genera to study
the correlation of characters which seem so distinctive in speci-
mens of the new 7 genus.
Professor Lawrence Bruner informs me that he has a speci-
men of the new genus collected by Mr. Barrett at the same
locality.
<
Three New Species of Diptera.
By D. W. COQUILLETT.
In the course of investigating the spread of diseases through
the agency of insects, Dr. L,. O. Howard encountered three
new species of Diptera, and as it is desirable to exclude- from
his report all matter of a purely technical nature, a description
of the new forms is offered herewith :
igOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IJ
Chironomus halteralis sp. nov.
Head black, the palpi and antenna: yellowish brown, plumosity of male
antennae dark gray ; thorax dark brown, the anterior end tinged with
yellow, a pair of broad, gray pruinose vitta- on the posterior half of the
mesonotum, the hairs light yellow; scutelhim dark yellow; abdomen
black, slightly polished, thinly covered with rather long yellow hairs .
femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow, bases of femora slightly tinged with brown;
front tarsi slender, almost as long as the body, destitute of hairs, the first
joint about twice as long as the front tibia ; middle and hind tibia? and
their tarsi in the male thickly covered with rather long yellow hairs, much
sparser in the female ; halteres pale yellow, the knobs black ; wings bare,
hyaline, the apical half slightly darker, veins in the basal half yellow, in
the apical half more brownish ; length, 2 to 3 mm. Two males and two
females. One of the females was collected May 16, 1899, by Mr. F. C.
Pratt ; the remaining specimens were collected May 22, June 2 and June
6, 1900, by Mr. Herbert S. Barber.
Hab. Washington, D. C.
Type : No. 5202, U. S. Nat. Museum.
Helicobia qnadrisetosa sp. nov.
Black, the apices of second antennal joints, face and genitalia yellow,
frontal vitta dark brown ; front of male at narrowest part three fifths as
wide as either eye, face yellow pruinose, third joint of antenna' three
times as long as the second ; body bluish gray pruinose, thorax marked
with three black vittte, the median one almost crossing the scutelluni, four
p.iirs postsutural dorsocentral bristles, the bristly hairs very short and de-
pressed, abdomen with a blackish dorsal line and reflecting dark spots,
second segment bearing a marginal row of small bristles of nearly an
equal length and with a much longer lateral bristle, third and fourth seg-
ments each bearing a marginal row of bristles of nearly an equal length,
longest on the fourth ; first segment of the genitalia in the female also
bearing a marginal row of bristles, in the male with a discal row of about
six bristles ; male hypopygium very large, polished, the first segment
grayish yellow pruinose ; hairs of legs very short, middle tibiae of male
each bearing a long bristle below the middle of the outer anterior side,
on the posterior side with a short bristle at one-third its length and with
a transverse pair of short ones at two-thirds of its length ; hind tibia,- each
bearing a pair of long bristles on the outer side near one-third of its length
and with a second pair near two-thirds of its length in the female with an
an additional bristle, situated below the middle of the inner side of each
middle and hind tibia ; wings hyaline, costal spine very small, first vein
bristly from slightly beyond base of second vein nearly to apex of auxil-
iary vein, third vein bristly almost to small crossvein ; length, 4.5 to 6
mm. Two males and four females, collected by Mr. F. C. Pratt, in 1899.
Hab.- Travilah, Md. (June 10 and 20) ; Washington, D. C.
i8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
(May 12 and 29, and July 18) ; Snicker's Gap, Va. (July 18).
Type : No. 5395, U. S. Nat. Museum.
Drosophila buskii sp. nov.
Head yellow, a black ocellar dot, center of tipper part of occiput brown,
two orange yellow frontal vitue, converging anteriorly ; front bearing a few
short bristly hairs, the two pairs of vertical bristles placed one in front of
the other, three pairs of orbital bristles, the four bristles composing the
two anterior pairs placed transversely, the inner pair directed forward, the
others backward ; antennae dark brown, the first two joints yellow, the
third joint subequal in length to the second ; the bristle below each vibrissa
about two-thirds as long as the latter ; mouth parts yellow ; thorax yellow,
opaque, yellowish gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with seven black
vittse of which the median one is forked posteriorly, pleura marked with
three black vittae, the upper two sometimes united anteriorly ; scutelhim
yellow, the middle of the upper side next the base brown ; abdomen black,
a median vitta, the first segment largely, front edge of the second, and the
outer front angles of the others, yellow ; legs and halteres yellow ; wings
hyaline, unmarked, costa extending to apex of the fourth vein, last section
of fifth vein almost as long as the penultimate section of the fourth, last
section of fourth vein twice as long as the preceding section ; length, 1.5
to 2 mm. Twenty specimens.
Hab. Washington, D. C. (T. Pergande, D. W. Coquillett);
Charlestown, W. Va. (A. Busck); Algonquin, 111. ( Dr. W. A.
Nason).
Type : No. 5396, U. S. Museum.
Pieris occidcutalis. Last July, in Las Vegas, N. M. ( my little son Martin,
found a number of larvae which I took to be those of Pieris protodicc,
living upon Cleomc serritlata (family Capparidaceas). As the food-plant
was a new one I requested him to rear the butterflies, so that we might be
sure of the species. This he did, and when they emerged (3 <J\ i 9) it
turned out that they were not protodice but occidentalis. One specimen
of a dipterous parasite was also bred ; this has been referred by Mr. Co-
quillett to Chcztogicdia arbra \ . d. W. T. D:A. COCKERELL.
CORRECTION. In ENT. NEWS, Vol. X, Dec., 1899, pp. 288-289, I re-
corded the occurrence in New York of what I then supposed was the
Mantid known as Stagmomantis Carolina. This year (1900) I have bred
the insect from eggs laid at Rochester, N. Y., and Mr. Scudder finds that
it is the common praying Mantis of Europe (Man/is rcligiosii), which has
never before been recorded in America. I have just published a full ac-
count of this interesting introduction of a new beneficial insect in Bulletin
185 of the Cornell Experiment Station, a copy of which I will gladly send
to any one interested. M. V. SLINGERLAND.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IQ
A New Variety of Lepisesia.
By DAVID BRUCE, Brockport, N. V.
Lepisesia ulalume var. rachel.
'Expands i?s inches, thus is somewhat smaller than ulalmnc, and has the
light colored bar which crosses primaries and secondaries, lighter in color,
wider and more distinct than in ulalume. This variety may be known at
once from the sulphur-yellow color of the head, thorax, collar and pata-
gi;c, whereas in ulalume the collar and thorax are intense black.
( 'la/nine was described and figured by Dr. Strecker in his
Rhop. and Het. , and the type was taken in Oregon by Prof.
O. B. Johnson. I was collecting larvae of Alypia lorqnini on
/^f>ilobiitiu and found a large Sp/iin.v larva looking very much
like that of 7". abbotii. The anal horn \vas absent, and a
shining button was in its place. I fed it carefully and it pulled
a leaf or two over itself on the soil and pupated, and appeared
as a moth in February. The specimen is therefore from Colo-
rado, and is now in the collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia.
PROF. W. G. JOHNSON, State Entomologist, located at the State Agri-
cultural College of Maryland, resigned his position on December I4th, to
accept the editorship of the " American Agriculturist," which has offices
in New York, Springfield, Mass., and Chicago, 111. He will locate per-
manently in New York. Prof. Johnson leaves Maryland with the esteem
and good-will of those acquainted with his work. The Horticultural
Society of Maryland at a recent meeting adopted resolutions stating that
the Association was justly proud of the eminence Prof. Johnson had ac-
quired throughout the United States by reason of his devotion to and pro-
ficiency in his profession. It is likely that Prof. H. P. Gould, Prof John-
son's assistant, will succeed him as State Entomologist.
MR. G. WESLEY BROWNING, of Salt Lake City, Utah, is not only an
entomologist but also an artist of ability. Last year he very kindly made
the drawing, Stenopelmatusfasciatus, for the cover of the NE\VS, and this
year he has made for us the fine drawing of both sexes of Epical I ia vir-
giiHilis. This species is abundant in July in the beautiful canon which
supplies Salt Lake City with water from the Wasatch Mountains. Mr.
Browning has a most interesting field of work, as the individual canons in
the Wasatch seem to have a few species not found in the others. The sand
dunes between Saltair and Garfield Beach on the Great Salt Lake would
doubtless repay careful study, and might prove a mine of entomological
treasures.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer
ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. ED.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1901.
A correspondent sends us the following :
' I would like to get your opinion as well as others upon the
subject of establishing some sort of a black-list to protect well-
meaning collectors from impositions practised upon them by
some unscrupulous collectors in different parts of the country.
Although the value of butterflies and moths may be small, still
there are some who knowing the swindled ones have no redress
take advantage of the confidence imposed in them by others to
swindle and cheat them in making exchanges. I understand
that in England, after due examination and inquiry, a black-
list is published by the representative journals, and I think it
would be a good scheme to adopt here."
We have known of but few cases, in an extended experience,
w r here persons have made a practice of this mean kind of swind-
ling, and such swindlers soon become known to collectors and
exchangers. Such a list would have to be gotten out with the
greatest care as some people have grievances without any logical
basis. Also we are not informed as to the legal aspects of the
case, and would be pleased to hear from an} 7 of our subscribers
in regard to our right to publish such a list.
20
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21
Entomological Literature.
COMPILED BY P. P. CALVERT.
Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North
and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contribu-
Jions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, relating to Ameri-
can or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in HKAVV-FACED TYPE refer to the
journals, as numbered in the following iist, in which the papers are published ; * denotes
that the paper in question contains descriptions of new N'orth American forms. Titles of all
articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usually such articles are written
in the same language as the title of the journal containing them, but when such articles are in
other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets.
2. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, xxvii, i, Phila-
delphia, Oct., 'oo. 3. The American Naturalist, Boston, Nov., 'oo. 4.
The Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont., Dec., 'oo. 5. Psyche, Cam-
bridge, Mass., Dec., 'oo. 9. The Entomologist, London, Dec., 'oo.-
12. Comptes Rendus. L' Academic des Sciences, Paris, 'oo. 13. Comp-
tes Rendus. Societe de Biologic, Paris, Oct. 27, 'oo. 15. Biologia Cen-
trali-Americana, pt. clviii, London, Oct., 'co. 21. The Entomologist's
Record, London, Nov., 15, 'oo. 37. Le Naturaliste Canadien, Chicou-
timi, Quebec, 'oo. 38. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, xix, 9, Nov. 5,
'oo. 4O. Societas Entomologica, Ziirich-Hottingen, 'oo. 56. Mitthei-
hingen, schweizerischenentomologischen Gesellschaft, x, 7, Schaffhausen,
Oct., 'oo 58. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, Valparaiso, Sept.,
'oo. 6Oc. Comunicaciones, Museo National de Buenos Aires, i, 7, Oct.
9, 'oo. 64. Annalen, k. k. Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum, xiv, 3-4, Vi-
enna, 1899, rec'd. Nov. 18, 'oo. 65. La Feuille des jeunes Naturalistes,
Paris, Dec. i, 'oo. 68. Science, New York, 'oo. 82. Centralblatt fiir
Bakteriologie, Jena, 'oo. 83. Notes from the Leyden Museum, xxii, 1-2,
July, 'oo. 84. Insekten Borse, Leipsic, 'oo. 116. Biological Bulletin, ii,
2, Boston, Nov., 'oo. 14O. Proceedings, Washington Academy of Scien-
ces, ii, 'oo 141. Proceedings, Indiana Academy of Sciences, 1898, Indi-
anapolis, 1899, rec'd. Dec. 4, 'oo. 142. First Report, Michigan Academy
of Sciences, Lansing, 'oo. 143. O. S. U. Naturalist published by the
Biological Club of the Ohio .State University, i, i, Columbus, O., Nov.,
'oo. 144. The New York Medical Journal, 'oo. 145. Mittheilungen,
naturwissenschaftliches Yereins fiir Steiermark, Gra/.
THE GEXEKA1, SI 15,1 ECT. Bciitsson, S. On the so-
called " heartboclies " [Herzkorper] of insect larvae as well as a contribu-
tion to knowledge of blood tissue, Bihang till K. Svenska Vetenskaps
Akademiens Handlingar, xxv, 4, Stockholm, 1899. Porter, C. E.
Vital resistance of some Chilian arthropods [in Spanish], 58. Volf-'or,
B. Insects in proverb and poetry, 84, Nov. 15, 22, 29. Williamson,
E. B. Biological conditions of Round and Shriner Lakes, Whitley
County, Ind., 141.
22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Anon. Locust destruction,
Agricultural Journal, Cape Town, Oct. 25, Nov. 8, [and] Screens and
traps on the Cyprian system [for locust destruction], figs., id., Oct. 25,
'oo. Anon. Mosquitoes communicate yellow fever, 14:4, Dec. S.
Burrag'e, S. Insects as factors in the spread of bacterial diseases,
141. Celli, A. Contribution to knowledge of malaria epidemiology
from the newest etiological standpoint, iii, 82, Nov. 5. Cook, O. F.
Peach yellows : a cause suggested [poisoning by bite of a Phytoptid
mite], 68, Dec. 7. Brittoii, W. E. The San Jos6 Scale. From the
Report of the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture for 1900. 13 pp. No
indication of place of publication ! ! Fieldiiig'-Ould, 1?. The malaria
campaign, Nature, London, Nov. 8, 'oo. Gerdolle, A. The phylloxera
in the Metz country, Memoires, PAcademie de Metz, iSgy-'gS. 1900.
Grassi, B. First summary report on the experiment on prevention of
malaria made in the vicinity of Paestum, 82, Nov. 5. Howard, L. O.
The economic status of insects as a class, Annual Report of the Board of
Regents, Smithsonian Institution, for the year ending June 30, 1898.
Washington, 1899. Rec'd. Dec. 4, 'oo. Jenkins, E. H. et al. The
protection of shade trees in towns and cities, 9 pis., Bulletin 131, Connecti-
cut Agric. Exper. Station, New Haven, Conn. Nov., 'oo. Knowles,
M. E. Sarcoptic scabies of the horse ; psoroptic scabies of cattle in
Montana, Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives,
Philadelphia, Oct., 'oo. Ktibler. [Summary of Dr. R. Koch's third,
fourth and fifth reports on the Malaria Expedition, and of Ziemann's 'On
the relations of mosquitos to the malaria parasites in Kamerun'], 82,
Oct. 27. von Marenzeller, E. Animals in the blood of man and
their effects, Schriften des Vereines zur Verbreitung naturwissenschaft-
licher Kenntnisse in Wien, xl, 1900. McFarland, J. A review of our
knowledge of malaria, 144, Nov. 17. Ren, L. Experiments on the
ability of the Diaspinae to resist external influences, Biologisches Central-
blatt, Erlangen, Nov. 15, 'oo. Sanderson, E. I>. The strawberry
root louse [ Aphis forbe si Weed] ; The destructive pea louse \_Ncctai-a-
pliora phi Kalt.] in Delaware, figs., Bulletin xlix, Delaware College
Agric. Exper. Station, Newark, Del., Dec., 'oo. v. Schulthess Recli-
berg', A. The malaria parasite and its alternation of generations, 5(J.
Seeman, H. Neuronia popularis injurious to maize, 4O. Slinger-
land, 31. V. The grape root-worm [/'/'<//</ viticida Walsh], a new
grape pest in New York, figs. Bulletin 184, Cornell University Agric.
Exper. Station, Ithaca, N. Y., Nov., 'oo ; Id. The common European
praying mantis a new beneficial insect in America, figs., Bulletin 185 of
the same, Nov., 'oo' Smith, J. B. Crude petroleum versus the San
Jose or pernicious scale, Bulletin 146, New Jersey Agric. Exper. Stations,
New Brunswick, N. J., Nov. i, 'oo. [Stracliau, H.] A link in the
mosquito-malaria alliance, 144, Dec. 8.
ARACHNIDA. Cambridge, O. P. Arachnida Araneidea vol.
i, pi. xxxiv, 15. Tlior, S. Prodromus Systematis Hyclrachnidaium,
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Nyt Maga/in for Naturvidenskaberne, xxxviii, 3, Christiana, 1900.-
Wheeler, \V. M. A singular Arachnid (Koencnia uiirabilis Grassi)
occurring in Texas, figs., 3.
OKTHOPT ERA. Berg', C. I'/cminia argentina, a new Pseudo-
phylid, <>Oc. Biolley, P. Orthoptera recognized in Costa Rica from
1890 to 1900, i pi. [in Spanish], Tornado del Informe del Museo National
1899-1900, pp. 41-57. Imprenta Nacional, 1900. Brumier v. Watten-
wyl, C. Tri.\/int, new genus of Tryxalidce, near Sfanronotus, from
Tierra del Fuego, figs., OOc. Rehn, J. A. G. Notes on Mexican
Orthoptera, with descriptions of new species : \ U. Scudder, S. H.
The species of Circotettix, a North American genus of Oedipodinae, 5.-
Slingerland, 31. V. See Economic Entomology. Tiimpel, K.
Die Geradfliigler Mitteleuropas. Lieferung 7 (Schluss). Eisenach, Verlag
von M. Wilckens. This " Lieferung" deals with the Orthoptera proper
and the Thysanoptera, and completes this work in 308 pp., 20 col. pis., 3
black and white pis., 92 text figs. Wheeler, W. M. A new myrme-
cophile from the mushroom gardens of the Texan leaf-cutting ant [a
Blattid Attiphila fungicola*], figs., 3.
NEUROPTERA. Calvert, P. P. Moults in the Odonata, 9.-
Hine, J. S. Additions and corrections to the "Odonata of Ohio,"
143. Kirby. W. F. Notes on the Neuropterous family Nemopteri-
da;, Annals & Magazine of Natural History, London, Nov., 'oo. Man-
sion, A. Frogs and dragonflies, Revue Scientifique, Paris, Dec. i, 'oo.
Osburii, K. C., and Hiiie, J". S. Dragonflies taken in a week, 143.
HEMIPTERA. Bred din, G. Mimicry among the Hemiptera
(concl.) (transl.), Bulletin, Societe Linne"enne du Nord de la France, xv,
329, Amiens, July-Aug., 'co. Fowler, W. W. Rhynchota Homoptera,
vol. i, pp. 55-76, pi. viii [Flatidae* Derbidse""'] ; vol. ii, pp. 281-292, pi. xix
[Tettigonia*], 15. Haiiseii. H. J. On the morphology and classifi-
cation of the auchenorrhynchous Homoptera (cont.) (trans!.), O. King 1 ,
G. B. A new Pidrinaria from New Mexico*, 4. Osborii, H. A list
of Hemiptera collected in the vicinity of Bellaire, Ohio, 143. Reed,
E. C. Synopsis of the Hemiptera of Chile (cont.) Capsina [in Spanish],
58. Reb, L. See Economic Entomology. Strobl, G. Styrian He-
miptera, 145. Jahrg. 1899. 1900. Tben, F. Contribution to know-
ledge of the Austrian species of the Cicadine genus Deltocephalus, 2 pis.,
145, Jahrg. 1899. 1900. --Webster, F. M. Distribution of broods,
xxii, v, and viii of Cicada scpL'iidccini in Indiana, map, 141.
COLEOPTERA. Beaulieu, G. The Cicindelas of the Province
of (Juebec (cont.), 37, Nov.; The Scaraba -ida.- of the Province of Quebec,
37, Dec 15. Berg, C. Note on the species of the genus .-l/iinins F.
belonging to the Argentine fauna, (JOc. Donisthorpe, H. Note on
the copulation of Hydrophilic, pic< '/is, iil. Howard, L. <). The LUke
collection of Coleoptera, <>,S, Dec. 14 Kiiu-aid, T. The metamor-
phoses of some Alaska Coleoptera (Papers from the Harriman Alaska
Expedition), 5 pis., 14O, Nov. 24. Mollenkamp, AV. Six new Lu-
24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
canid species and a new variety, 83. Poiiselle, A. Contribution to
the study of the habits of the Cicindelas, figs , (55. Kaspail, X. The
cockchafer (Melolo ntha vulgaris] in point of view of its progression in the
intermediate years of its cycles, Bulletin de la Socie'te d'Acclimatation de
France, Paris, June, 'oo. Reitter, E. Identification table of the Cur-
culionid divisions Cossonini and Calandrini of the European fauna in the
wider sense, Yerhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Briinn,
xxxvii, 1899. Slingerlaml, M. V. See Economic Entomology.
DIPTI3RA. Anon. The resting position of Anopheles, 144, Dec.
8. Chagiion, G. Some Canadian Syrphidae, 37, Nov.; Preliminary
studies on the Syrphidae of the province of Quebec, 37, Dec. 15. Co-
quillett, D. W. Diptera : Entomological results from the Harriman
Alaska Expedition*, 14O, Dec. 7. Henneguy, F. The adipose body
of the Muscidas during histolysis, 12, Nov. 26. --Howard, L. O. Re-
marks on Psorophora cilia/a, with notes on its early stages, tigs., 4.
v. Kertesz, C. Remarks on Pipuncuhdae (Dipt.), 38. Leger, Li.
On a new sporozoan of Dipterous larvae, 13 and 12, Oct. 29. Osten
Sackcii, C. Notice on the synonymy of Anopheles maculipcnnh Mei-
gen, Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London, Dec., 'oo. Pettit, JR.
H. A leaf-miner Chironomus sp., in water-lilies, figs., 142. Stein,
P. Some remarks on Prof. Mik's criticism of my article on the Tachini-
dae and Anthomyidse of the Meigvn collection in Paris, 38. Strobl, G.
The Diptera of Styria, iv, 145, Jahrg. 1897. 1898. Vaney, C. Con-
tributions to the study of the phenomena of metamorphosis in the Dip-
tera, 12, Nov. 5. Webster, F. M. Species of Diptera reared in In-
diana during the years 1884-1890, 141.
LEPIDOPTERA. Beutemnuller, W. Note on Sesia arctica,
4. Clark, F. N. Photographing the eggs of Lepidoptera, i pi., 21.
Clement, A. L. Dispersal and varieties of Attacus cynthia, (55.
I)ogiiin, P. New Heterocera from South America, Annales, Socie'te'
Entomologique de Belgique, xliv, u, Brussels, Nov. 28, 'oo. Dyar, H.
G. Life histories of North American Geometridae, xvii, 5 ' Supplemen-
taiy notes on Orgyia, o. Gibson, A. The life history of Arciia
phttlcrata Harr., 4. Godmaii, F. I>. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, vol.
ii, pp. 501-532, pis. xcv, xcvi [Hesperidse*], 15. Grote, A. R. Clas-
sification of the butterflies [and] Corrections (two papers), 4. Han-
ham, A. W. Additions to the list of Manitoba butterflies, with notes
on other species, 4. Lambillon, L- J. Note on the cry made by the
larva of Achcroniia afropos, 21. 3Iayer, A. G. On the development
of color in moths and butterflies, Biological Lectures from the Marine
Biological Laboratory of Woods Holl, 1899. Boston, 1900. Pettit, R.
H. The habits of Euclcinensia (Hamadryas) bassetteila, a true parasite
belonging to the Lepidoptera, 142. Piepers, M. C. The evolution
of color in Lepidoptera, 83. Poling', O. C- Notes on Neophasia fcr-
looti Bhr. , from Arizona, with description of a new variety*, 4. Sle-
vogt, B. The enemies of our darlings [Birds, bats and dragonflies feed-
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
ing on Lepidoptera], 4O, Dec. i. Smith, J. B. Contributions toward
a monograph of the Noctuidae of boreal North America : revision of the
species of Acontia Ochs.*, 2. Standings, M. Synopsis of experi-
ments in hybridization and temperature made with Lepidoptera up to the
nd of 1898 (cont.) (transl.), 2 pis., 9. Tutt, .1. W. Cossns ore
Strecker at the Tilbury dock [London], 21. Warnecke, G. On some
means of protection of caterpillars, 84, Nov. 22.
HYMENOPTERA. Ashmead, W. H. Some changes in ge-
neric names in the Hymenoptera, 4. Berg-, C. Notes on two species
of the genus Odynents of Tierra del Fuego, OOc. Bouvier, K. L.
The return to the nest among the predatory Hymenoptera of the genus
l!t-inbex, 13. Cockerell, T. I>. A. Notes on New Mexico bees'",
4. Fielde, A. M. Portable ant nests, figs., 116. Forel, A. Nests
of Caniponotiis scne.v Sm., and of Ufacromischa sa/lci Guerin ; A natural
triple formicary ; Cyrphomyrmex Wheelcri n. sp.* ; Imported ants, .">(.
Frey-Ge.ssner, E. Hymenoptera Helvetia, pp. '117-148, *56.
Friese, H. Monograph of the bee-genera Megacilissa, Caupolicana
and Ox<za*, i pi, 64; Monograph of the bee-genera Exoma/opsis,
Ptilothrix, Melitoma and Tefrapedia^, 64. Kiiicaid, T. Tenthredi-
noidea* (Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition), 14O, Nov. 24 -
Langer, T. Bees' poison and bees' sting, Sitzungsberichte der deut-
schen . . . Yereines fur Bohmen "Lotos" in Prag, Jahrgang, 1899.-
Webster, F. M. Some insects belonging to the genus Isosonia reared
or captured in Indiana, 141. Wheeler, AV. M. The habits of Ponera
and Stigmatomma, figs., 116; See also Orthoptera.
Notes and. Ne\vs.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.
CORRECTION. On last line, p. 614, the date 1898 is given as the time
Dr. Hulst was connected with Rutgers College, whereas the year was in
reality 1889.
MR. PHILIP LAURENT will spend several months collecting in Florida.
He has lately returned from a visit to Mr. O. D. Foulks, of Stockton.
Md., who has a fine place for gentlemen interested in quail and duck
shooting. Mr. Foulks is also a well-known entomologist.
Clisiocanipa fragilis. Now that s<> much is being written about the
ravages of the eastern species ol' Clisiocampa, it may be wortli while to
report that C.fragilis has been exceedingly destructive the last two sum-
mers in Sapello Canon, N. M , and the adjacent territory, especially defo-
liating the quaking aspens (/\>pu/its fn-inu/oidcs). From cocoons gath-
ered at Beulah I bred a parasite, identified by Mr. Ashmead as Phup/a
26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
atrocoxalis Cresson. No dipterous parasites have yet been reported from
this species, but doubtless Archytas analis, reported from Clisiocai)ipa
californica, and Tac/iina niclla, reported for C/isiocainpa sp. at West
Cliff, Colo, (see Coquillett, Revision of the Tachinidfe) were in reality
bred from C.fragilis. T. D. A. COCKEKELL.
MR. W. G. FREEDLY, JR., states that l.iinenitcs, ort/innis was very
scarce at East Dorset, Vermont, during the past summer. It is usually
there in great abundance. He also reports the capture of Callidryas eiibn/c
at the same place on August 2yth. This is a very rare species in New
England, especially in the northern part.
Lasiocampa medusa Strecker. My friend Dr. Abbot, of Pasadena,
while on a visit to his ranch near San Diego, Cal., found one of these
moths in his tent, and about the same time a man working on the place
found another. ' Thinking they might be something good, judging from
their size and general appearance, Dr. Abbot turned them over to me.
The two specimens agree almost exactly with Dr. Strecker's description
in ENT. NEWS, January, 1898, except as to size, my specimens being 3^
inches in expanse of the wings. On comparing with arizoneiisis, they
prove to be very distinct by their heavy appearance and thick hair on the
abdomen. The specimens were shown to several other collectors in
this vicinity and they were of the same opinion as to the identification of
the species. Dr. Strecker's specimen is the only other known as far as I
know, so I thought this would be worth recording. FORDYCE GRIN-
NELL, JR., Pasadena, Cal.
YOUR naptha launch story in last issue may do very well in the United
States, but is nothing for a country where we feed pigs on the salmon
thrown ashore, and stop railway trains with tent caterpillars. Last fall,
writer's company put down quarter of a mile of small-sized water pipe
and afterwards found that nearly every section was stopped up by rr/V/v/.v.
It had been lying on the ground at the time first frosts reminded crawling
things of winter quarters, and was literally so packed that \ve could not
shake or force the creatures out, but had to dissicate them. In time and
trouble they easily cost us a couple of hundred dollars. Entomologists !
come to Canada. DVVIGHT PRAINERD, Montreal, Dec. 10, 1900.
AT TOKIO, toward the close of May and the beginning of June, one
sees suspended under the verandas of houses beautiful little: cages oi
bamboo from which break upon the ear strange little metallic whistlings
of light trills, which fill the air with delicate music. The musical sounds
are emitted by certain insects. Listening to these minute singers has
beep for many centuries a favorite pastime of the Japanese. The most
prized of these singing insects is the suzumushi. Its name means "insect
bell," and the sound which it emits resembles that of a tiny silver bell.
It is a tiny black beetle, of a flat body and very vulgar appearance. The
igoi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2J
kutsuwa-mushi is so named because its cry resembles the sound made by
a horse in champing the bit. There are two species of it, the one a light
yellow and the other a pale green. This insect is none other than a kind
of winged grasshoper, common in many countries. Newspaper.
is piricola. Mr. Marlatt, in his interesting article in ENT. NEWS,
November, credits the combination I.) niseis pii ico/ti to Francesco Saccar-
do, but that writer did not propose any such name ; nor did Berlese, who
also pointed out the generic position of 1 >el Gueticio's species Both these
writers proposed to continue the erroneous name Diaspis ostrt'tfjornus.
The first occurrence of the combination Diaspis pirii'o/a, so far as 1 know,
is in Bull. 6, Tech. Ser., Div. Ent., p. 4 (1897). The method of double
citation (of the authors of the name and of the combination), while cus-
tomary in botany, is not so usual in zoology ; but when it is employed care
should be taken to follow the rules governing it. T. D. A. COCKERELL.
Doings of Societies.
By invitation of Mr. Wm. D. Kearfott, of Montclair, N. J. r
the Newark Entomological Society held its regular meeting at
his residence, Sunday, December gth. Seven members present,
President Buchholz presiding. Visitors, Mr. Braun, of Newark,
N. J., Messrs. Watson and Comstock, of New York.
Mr. Kearfott entertained his visitors very agreeably, ex-
hibited his extensive collection, consisting of Lepidoptera from
all quarters of the globe, it being especially rich in the micro-
lepidoptera of N. America, to which, of late, he has been
directing his main efforts, and among these are probably many
undescribed species of Tineidre. Excellently mounted on silver
wire and polyphorus strips, these small forms made a beautiful
and very artistic exhibit. Mr. Kearfott also explained his
method of inflating larvae, exhibiting the requisite apparatus,
his collection containing inflated larvae of over 500 species,
among them, several examples of /)<u<n/ia ratal f)u\ only
recently recorded, from New Jersey.
Mr. Kemp reported the capture of Sf>niguria tin nut at Angle-
sea, N. J., September ^d.
"Aberrations and other odd forms," were made the subject
for discussion and illustration at the next meeting.
S. T. KKMI-, Secretary.
28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held
October 25th. Dr. P. P. Calvert, President, in the chair. Mr.
H. W. Wenzel donated a large and interesting collection of
ants from the vicinity of Philadelphia and certain places in New
Jersey. They were taken while searching for Pselaphidae and
Scydmeenidse. Mr. C. Schaeffer of the American Museum of
Natural History, New York, called attention to a mistake in
most collections of Coleoptera. The Cerambycids Acanthocinus
obliqitus and pusilhis were considered synonymous, the latter
being placed as a synonym of the former by Bates, whereas
they are quite distinct, according to the speaker, who pointed
out marked differences in the elytra and punctuation. Mr.
Ljebeck exhibited a paper-knife with a rabbit-foot handle, the
hide of which had been entirely eaten by an insect, nothing
being left but the bones. The insect doing the damage was
probably Tinea biselliella. Mr. Wenzel exhibited fourteen
specimens of Cychrus c/erat/is showing great variation in size
and other characters. Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a species of
Coleoptera from Florida which is near the genus Anomala, but
quite distinct. Mr. Wenzel said that in Mr. Schwarz's paper
on Myrmecophilus insects he had mentioned Adrancs cxcus as
being found with but one species of ant, but the speaker had
found this species with four species of ants as follows : Lasnts
}>ii.\'ti(s, alicnus var. cuncrieainis, Lasins aphidicola and Aphu--
nogastcr aqnia. He also corroborates Mr. Schwarz's observa-
tion in regard to Batrisus ione being found only with Lasius
alicnis var. aiuerieana. A colon}' of Formica Integra was ex-
amined in the fall and 14 specimens of Cydius :/e^/cri were
taken. The following week the ants had entirely disappeared.
The very minute species of Scydmsenidse, belonging to the
genus Opressus, are exceedingly swift runners. Mr. L,iebeck
said he had seen Hcticrins brunneipennis from a large ant's nest
brought to the Academy.
Dr. Calvert mentioned two dragonflies brought in by Mr.
Daecke which had been taken at Manuniuskin, N. J., and said
Gomphus plagiatus was new to the New Jersey list, although
the speaker had taken it in Pennsjdvania. Mr. L/iebeck men-
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29
tinned putting Dermastid larvae in a tin box and subsequently
found cast-off skins and nothing else. Dr. Calvert spoke of the
egg of the common fruit fly with its two processes, one half as
long as the egg, and these processes seem to have small air cells.
HENRY SKIXXKR, Seorfarr.
A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held November 22nd.
Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, presiding. Mr. L,aurent donated
two specimens of the blown larva of Hcmilcuca niaia. Dr.
Calvert recorded the occurrence of a single male dragonfly
Svinpctnun (Diplax) I'iciiinin Hagen by the pond in the Bo-
tanical Garden of the University of Pennsylvania, November
2ist. This is believed to be the latest date yet recorded for
this species in this locality ;* in his Catalogue of the Philadel-
phia Odonata ( 1893 ), he had given October 26th as the latest,
stating, however, that the species would probably be found
still later, a prediction now verified. The occurrence of this
individual yesterday is the more interesting, because on No-
vember 1 6th the maximum and minimum temperatures for
Philadelphia are official!}' given as 42 F. f 5.5 C. ), and 29 F.
( 1.7 C. ) respectively; although on November 22nd the
maximum and minimum were 74 F. (23 C. ), and 65 F.
i i,s C. ) respectively. The individual was captured, identified
and released ; it was quite lively when set free. Dr. Calvert
also called attention to a valuable paper by Dr. Justus Watson
Folsom on the mouth parts of Anurida nntritiina, one of the
Collembola. The interesting features of the paper were men-
tioned. Dr. Skinner exhibited a variety of /'icris protodicc and
made some remarks on the species in conjunction with /Wv/.s
occidcntalis. Mr. Reinick said he had spent ten days on the
Jersey coast at Atlantic City in October. While out fishing he
* On November 23d, I found a female of this species in the same local-
ity, hut have not been able to find any individuals later. The other dates
in November on which I saw this species at this pond were the 5th (ovi-
positing), 6th, jth and roth. P. P. CALVERT.
30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
had a lot of clams for bait, and was surprised at the number of
Coleoptera they attracted. He also saw many specimens of
Phalcria testacca in hard cedar logs.
Mr. C. W. Johnson called attention to an article in the first
report of the Michigan Academy of Science on a leaf-mining
Chironouins, but the species was not named. He said he had
received from Prof. Smith an allied Dipteron reared from the
leaves of the Victoria regia, and they were found to be Cricop-
topus sylvcstris. Dr. Calvert said he would like to ask
whether it is better to give species fanciful names or name
them after some character of the insect. This was discussed
pro and con by those present. Mr. L,aurent said Mr. Daecke
had reported Agrotis riolaris from Manumuskin, N. J. The
speaker said he knew of but one other specimen in any other
Philadelphia collection, and that was the type in the collection
of the American Entomological Society. He also showed the
chrysalis of Callidryas cubit/c, and said the larva of Sphin.\'
plebcins was plentiful on the trumpet vine at Anglesea, N. J.
He also reported Tcttigca hieroglyph ica from Da Costa, N. J.,
on July, nth. Dr. T. H. Montgomery, Jr., was elected a
Member and Mr. Erich Daecke an Associate.
HENRY SKINNER, Recorder.
At the November meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social,
held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 South Thir-
teenth Street, fifteen persons were present.
Prof. J. B. Smith spoke of a recent collecting trip to Ocean
County, N. J., on November igth, and said that he had found
numerous mosquito larvae living in pitcher plants. The plant
is a veritable trap for insects, which disintegrate after death
and lie in a decaying mass on the bottom of the plant, in
which the young mosquitos are nourished.
Dr. Skinner referred to a recent article by Mr. Barrett in
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, on a dragonfly larva which was sup-
posed to live in the large leaves of some plants containing
water, inasmuch as the region in which the species is found is
unusually dry and not propitious for dragonfly larvae.
Prof. Smith spoke on the great destructivenessof the Hessian
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 31
fly during the past season. Owing to the drought the fly had not
emerged until the time that wheat was well up. Wheat should
not be sown until after rain has broken the drought.
Mr. Daecke exhibited specimens from Manumuskin, N. J.,
including .\uthocliaris gcnutici, April 2_|.th. Also a Catocala
rclicta from Philadelphia "Neck."
In connection with these specimens Prof. Smith remarked
that among them was one of the rare . l^rot/s I'io/aris.
The oviposition of Cicada hieroglyphica was referred to by
Prof. vSmith. He had found a pupal skin of this species in a
decayed cavity inside of a pine log. The pupae usually cling
to the bark of trees which they may ascend.
Mr. H. Wenzel said he had found Cicada canicnlaris com-
monly in the latter part of August at Anglesea, N. J.
Dr. H. Skinner referred to a recent paper on the genus
Argynnis, and a criticism by Mr. Lyman thereon. He spoke
of the lack of data to specimens on which earlier work on this
genus was based, and considered this to be the reason for the
errors which had been made. He believed that a study of
geographical distribution would settle many points in regard
to synonymy in Ar^'vimis, as many so-called species are, no
doubt, only geographical variations.
Mr. Reinick exhibited some tri-color process plates of insects
issued by a Boston concern, and referred to errors in names and
coloration. As these were issued for educational purposes he
thought attention should be called to the matter.
Mr. Harbeck referred to the abundance of Passaliis corn at its
in logs in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia.
The occurrence of this species was further discussed by H.
Wen/el, Smith, Johnson, Harbeck.
Mr. H. YVen/.el reported that he had recently taken several
species of Pselaphidse in the lowlands of New Jersey, which
had been described from mountain altitude-
Prof. Smith did not believe elevation counts for much in the
distribution of insects of this character.
The probable change of temperature in dead and live trees
as effected by external inllucnco was discussed by
Daecke, Smith, \Yen/el, Laurent and others.
32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [January,
Mr. Laurent referred to the great damage done by Fieri*
rapa- in Pike and Monroe Counties, Pennsylvania, and in sec-
tions of New Jersey.
In reply to Prof. Smith, he stated he had seen the caterpil-
lars of rapfc at work.
Prof. Smith said that Plusia brassiac had done the most in-
jury to cabbage in south New Jersey.
Prof. Smith spoke of the death of Rev. Geo. D. Hulst, on
November 5th, and referred to his entomological work.
On motion, the following resolutions presented by Prof.
Smith, were adopted :
Resolved, That in the death of Dr. George D. Hulst, ento-
mology has lost an able worker in his very prime, and when
the character of his publications showed that his best was just
being given to us. This is a loss to be regretted by the members
individually and as a body, and they hereby record their sorrow
and regret,
Resolved further, That the character of the deceased was
such, that the loss of the man is equal to the loss of the
scientist ; to be regretted by all who admire justness and up-
rightness in thought and speech,
Resolved further, That this minute be spread upon the re-
cords of the Social and that a copy be forwarded to the family
of the deceased by the Secretary.
Mr. E. Daecke was unanimously elected a member of the
Social. WILLIAM J. Fox, Secretary.
OBITUARY.
Dr. Otto Staudinger died at Lucerne, Switzerland, on Oct.
1 3th, in his seventy-first year. He was well known to Ameri-
can students of the Lepidoptera.
A letter just received from M. Rene Martin contains the sad
news of the death of M. le Baron Edmond de Selys-Longchamps,
the greatest authority on the Odonata. His decease occurred
a few days previous to December i3th, but the exact date is
not mentioned. We shall give a notice of his life and labors
in the February number. P. P. CALVERT, Dec. 26, 1900.
ENT. NEWS, VOL. XII.
PI. II.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
VOL. XII.
FEBRUARY, 1901.
No. 2.
CONTENTS:
Calvert Baron Edmond de Selys-
Longchamps 33
Cockerell Flower and Insect Records
from New Mexico 38
Cockerell A New Ceratina 43
Rrues A New Species of Dolichopus 44
Merrick A New Callimorpha 45
Kellogg An Aquatic Psychodid 46
King Lecanium caryse Fitch
Editorial 55
Entomological Literature 56
Doings of Societies 61
Baron Edmond de Selys-Longchamps.
The present classification of the Odonata, like that of all
groups of living things, is the result of the studies of several
generations, but it has advanced more during the second half
of the nineteenth century than at an}' other period. In those
fifty years excellent work on these insects has been done by a
number of entomologists of the first rank. Yet it will not be
unjust to them, to state that the present condition of that
classification is due more to de Selys-Longchamps than to any
other individual. The more eminent of his co-workers in this
department of entomology, indeed, were highest authorities in
other departments as well. This does not detract from the
great merit of de Selys, for much of the time which they de-
voted to study, he gave to the service of the State. But hi-
interests as a naturalist were not confined to insects ; they ex-
tended to the Belgian fauna generally, to mammals, birds, tree-
and meteorological phenomena, and he wrote on all of them.
His life was long ; his first and last scientific publications
34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
are separated by an interval of sixty-nine years ; his political
services covered fifty-eight. Our interest in him is chiefly
entomological; he was the " Maitre de 1'Odonatologie," the
' Altmeister," the chief systematist in this field who has yet
appeared.
MICHEL EDMOND, BARON DE SELYS-LONGCHAMPS was born
in Paris, May 25, 1813, and died at Liege, Belgium, December
ii, 1900. He studied in the University of Liege, and early
took up his residence at Longchamps, near Waremme, fifteen
miles westward. In 1841 he became communal councillor of
Waremme, was provincial councillor of the same canton from
1846 to 1848, member of the Chamber of Representatives for
Waremme in 1848, elected to the national Senate for that
arrondissement, February 13, 1855, and held the seat until his
refusal to accept a new term at the general election of May,
1900. In 1879, the Senate elected him Vice-president, and on
August 3, 1880, its President ; he left the chair in 1884. He
had also been President of 1' Association liberale de Waremme,
and Envoy Extraordinary to the court of Italy. In his letters
he frequently referred to the great amount of time consumed
by his senatorial duties. His resignation of them, he wrote to
an American correspondent, was due to
" my age ; the precautions for my health on account of the frequent resi-
dence in Brussels during the bad season in winter ; the desire to live in
my family for the few years that remain to me ; and above all to enjoy a
little liberty which will permit me to work at nos c/iers Odonafes, on which
I am very much behindhand on account of the Senate" (letter of June 8,
1900).
His first publication on natural history was a few pages de-
voted to the birds and insects of the province of Liege in the Dic-
tion naire gcographique of that province by Ph. van der Maelen,
Brussels, 1831. This was at the same time his first essay on
the Odonata, followed in later years by some 114 others to the
very December that saw his death. These memoirs and notes,
for they are of very varying length, seem naturally to fall into
three groups which, to a certain degree, are also chronological.
The first group deals almost exclusively with the European
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35
species and embraces the years from 1831 to 1851. The results
are summarized in the two chief works of this period Mono-
graphic dcs Libellulidees d' Europe, Paris, 1840, and Revue dcs
Odo)iatcs on Libcllulcs </' A'tt rope, Brussels, 1850. The Mono-
graphic was undertaken chiefly to co-ordinate the work of his
predecessors, Vandei Linden ( 1820, 1825 ), Hansemann ( 1823 ),
Charpentier (1825), Fonscolombe (1837, '38), Leach (1815),
Stephens and Curtis, most of whom had publishd in ignorance
of the results of the others. The Revue was a complement and
supplement to the Monographic, and is also important as mark-
ing the beginning of that co-operation with H. A. Hagen, of
which de Selys wrote in 1895, " I owe much to his friendship,
to his communications and to his collaboration during the fifty
years through which our intimate relations have lasted without
interruption." Their correspondence began in 1841 ; in the
Spring of 1843 they met in Paris and soon after Hagen offered
his co-operation to de Selys. " This precious offer" was thank-
fully accepted. The story is told in the "Avertissement" to
the Revue.
The second period is that of the monographic revision of the
Odonata of the world. It may be dated from 1853 to 1886. In
the Revue, de Selys had given notice of his intention to extend
his researches to the exotic forms. He had already acquired
the collections of Latreille, Rambur, Audinet-Serville and
Guerin-Meneville with this end in view. The first fruits were
the Synopsis dcs Calopterygines , 1853, a synopsis as well of the
Monographic dcs Caloptcrygincs, with Hagen' s aid, of 1.^54.
The latter, said the authors in their preface,
" is in our thoughts only the commencement of a I listory of the O Ion. it, i
that we hope to bring to an end in a few years. Our project is to publish
successively, under the form of monographs, the five or six subfamilies
that constitute the Odonata, and of which we already know about a
thousand species."
The Synopsis (1854; and Monograpliic dcs (ioinphines > i S v s,s <
followed, the latter three years later than expected. Five in-
installments of the Synopsis dcs . Igr/onii/cs > iS(, ( ,-65 ) left lh:it
group unfinished. Hagen, who had drawn the illustrations for
the two preceding monographs. al>o made main- for the pro-
36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
jected Monographic des Agrionines, which never saw the light ;
the drawings remain at Cambridge, whither Hagen removed in
1867. Materials poured in on de Selys from all parts of the
world, necessitating four Additions to the Synopsis of the Cal-
opteryginae and four to that of the Gomphinae (1859-1878). A
A Synopsis des Cordiilines 1871 and two Additions 1873, 'jS, a P~
peared, and after an interval of eleven years the Synopsis des
Agrionines ( 1876, '77) was completed. A brief Synopsis des
Aeschnincs 1883 and a Revision dn Synopsis des Agrionines ist
part, 1886, close this period. In 1871 he observed that
"the publication of the works which I have undertaken has not
marched with the rapidity I have desired, the delays arising principally
from the continual reception of new material, and from the desire which
I have to perfect the classification and to know species already described,
but which I have not been able to examine myself."
As the improbability of the completion of the Monographs
increased, the Synopses became more detailed. The Libellu-
linae alone of all the Odonata were never reached.
The third group are chiefly faunal papers, and while they
began as early as 1857, they did not occupy much of his work-
ing time, nor were they extensive until 1878, '79, when two
memoirs on the Odonata of New Guinea appeared, followed
by others on those of the Philippines 1882, '91, Japan '83, the
Palsearctic Diplax '84, Asia Minor and the European fauna '87,
Belgium '88, Sumatra '89, the Kirghis steppes '89, and Burma
'91. After this date, the papers are shorter and deal with
limited groups.
There is no space here to discuss de Selys' contributions to
knowledge of the Odonata. Early in his career he avowed
that he was not an anatomist. But he has created the classifi-
cation, he has described the large majority of the known forms.
His collection, in 1896, when seen by the writer, was more ex-
tensive than any other in the world. His accuracy and careful-
ness have never been questioned. Even in his age, his activity
and interest never abated, and he seemed to be fully in touch
with the suggestions and improvements devised by the same
generation of students as that to which his grandchildren
belonged.
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37
He married Sophie Caroline d'Omalius d'Halloy, daughter
of a fellow member of the Belgian Academy ; she died many
years ago. It was his habit to reside at Longchamps during
the Summers, at Liege in Winter. With him dwelt his eldest
son and family, a most devoted and vivacious household. The
residence at Liege, Boulevard de la Sauveniere 32, contained
his general collection of Odonata ; at Longchamps, a building
separate from the chateau, contained his extensive collection
of European birds and mammals, the former being almost com-
plete, and a collection of the insects of Longchamps. To stud}'
these collections came visitors from Europe and America, re-
ceiving every encouragement and the kindest hospitality.
The Master \vas aimiable, and the greatest affection was felt
for him. " Venerable and venerated friend," wrote the chief
English neuropterist ; " je suis bien desole," came from France
with the announcement of his death. For some years past, as
each birthday approached, a letter from America extended the
best wishes for his ensuing year and reiterated the assurance
of personal affection dating from two visits to Longchamps.
When he declined to continue as Senator,
" my fellow citizens, electors, and a great number of friends and colleagues
of the Senate and of the Chamber of Representatives came to make an
enormous manifestation at Longchamps, May 24."
Probably no other entomologist of these later years has been
equally honored by his co-workers. He was Honorary Presi-
dent, as he had been the first, of the Entomological Society of
Belgium, and honorary or corresponding member of the ento-
mological societies in Paris, London, Berlin, Florence, Vienna,
Stockholm, Dresden, Stettin, Berne, Helsingfors, Philadelphia,
and of the other scientific bodies throughout the worid ; the
date of his election as such in the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia is as far back as 1842. In Belgium, he was
given the Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, and he had
received several other similar decorations.
And now the long and active life is t.-nded. In the truest
--ense, do we " recommander son a me a vos pieux souvenirs."
P. P. C.
38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Flower and Insect Records from New Mexico.
By T. D. A. COCKERELL.
The following records are offered as a contribution to the
knowledge of the relations between insects and flowers. It is
perhaps hardly necessary to say that in New Mexico this sub-
ject is a new one, and there is no part of the Territory where
half an hour's observations at the right season will not yield
unrecorded facts. Unfortunately, however, this ease in mak-
ing new observations goes with the greatest difficulty in getting
them recorded, for the reason that both flowers and insects are
imperfectly understood, and in many cases only identified by
the expenditure of much time, or through the assistance of
specialists. Even many of the conspicuous roadside flowers
have lately proved to be undescribed, and there still exists an
uncomfortable possibility that several of the now-accepted
names may require revision, although they are endorsed by the
best authorities.
A being from another planet, after visiting one of our great
city markets, might be so impressed by the variety of foods
offered for sale as to report that mankind ate everything, was
literally omnivorous. So a casual observer of the habits of in-
sects might infer that they visited all sorts of flowers, and that
it was useless to make records of flower-vists. Close study,
however, shows us that this is far from being the case, and
even those species which visit many kinds still have pre-
ferences and their aversions. At the same time it must not be
inferred in any case that the insects reported to visit a flower
are the only ones visiting it ; for setting aside those which
may have been collected but not yet identified, no flower has
yet been watched sufficiently for us to make an exhaustive list
of its insect- visitors.
COMMELINACE^:.
Cvmmelina dianthifolia D. C. Visited by Boinbus prunellas Ckll.
Iris missouricnsis Nutt. Visited by Bombus iridis Ckll. and Porter, /?.
ternarius Say, and B.ju.vtus Cress.
1901] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39
SALICACE.E.
Sali.v sp., at Mesilla, May 4, 1897 (Ckll.). The following bees at the <f
flowers: Prosopis tnesiilce Ckll., 9; Pci'dita salicis Ckll., $ $ ;
Halictits siibobscunis Ckll.,
Salix sp., at Las Vegas Hot Springs, 1899 (Wilmatte Porter). Hym. :
Andrcna portcrtc Ckll. , 9 .
Sa/i.v sp., at Beulah, Sapello Canon, May 3oth (Wilmatte Porter). Hym.:
Andrcna sapcllonis Ckll.; f /a/ictus annaticeps Cr. , 9; Osmia
fa c eta Cr., .
CHENOPODIACE.l-;.
Atriplc.r cancscens (Pursh) At Mesilla Park, April sgth, a honey-bee
i. I pis tncllifcra lignstica Spin.) was observed busily working on
the flowers.
NYCTAGINACE^E.
Abronia titrbinata Torrey Lep. : Synchlce lacinia Geyer, Mesilla Park,
April 29th (Ckll.).
Wedclia incarnata (L.) Anthophora inacnlifrons Cress., Las Cruces,
August 23rd (Townsend).
RANUNCULACEyE.
Pteonia (cultivated) Hym. : Agapostemon te.ranus Cress., Las Vegas
(W. Porter).
Delphinium scopuloruiu Gray Hym.: Boinbus nevadensis cressoni Ckll. ;
B. appositus Cress.
CRUCIFER.-E.
Dithyrca ^'is/izcnii Engehn. Lep. : Synchlce lacinia Geyer, Mesilla
Park, April 25th (Ckll.).
Erysimiun axpennn (Nutt.) Hym.: Halictns angnsiior Ckll., Rio Rui-
dosa (Townsend).
J.t'pidiitin castwoodice Wooton Hym.: Augochlora neg lee tula Ckll., La
Cueva, Organ Mts. (Townsend).
Sophia andrenarum Ckll., ined. (The common species with yellow flow-
ers in the Mesilla Valley, confused at first with Sisymbrium canc-
scens, later with S. halictorum, but quite distinct. True Sophia
halictorum has very inconspicuous flowers, and occupies, in the
main, a higher zone, coinciding with the lower part of the Larrea-
zone] (i.) Mesilla, April i2th ; Hym.: Andrena salicinella Ckll.,
%, , in numbers, hovering over the plants and alighting occasionally:
AugochloraneglectulaQs\\.\ Halictus pectoraloides Ckll., 9; H-
siibobscurns Ckll., J; H. psciu{t>tt\<;i(/iiris Ckll. var. ; Dipt.: Teta-
nops polita Coq., det. Coq.; Chlaropx assitnilis Macq., det. Coq.
(2) Mesilla, April 22iid ; Hym.: Agapostemon te.ranus Cress., 9.
(3) Mesilla Park, April 2yth ; Hym.: Apis mellifera ligustica Spin.
40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
CAPPARIDACEyE.
Clcome serntlata Pursh. The following insects were all collected on the
flowers at Las Vegas in 1899 : Hym. : Halictus sisymbrii Ckll., 9 ,
July (Ckll. and \V. H. Rishel); Agapostemon texanus Cress., 9.
fuly (N. Stern and A. Garlick); Andrena argemonis Ckll., 9, July
20th (W. Porter); Anthidium parvum Cress., 9, June 23rd
(Ckll.); A. perpictum Ckll., , August ist (Ckll.); Melissodes
agilis Cress., var., July iyth (A. Garlick); M. gilensis Ckll., 9,
July 20-22 (W. Porter); M. grindclice Ckll., 9, July 22 (W. Porter);
M. pallidicincta Ckll., 9, July (Ckll., N. Stern); M. tristis Ckll.,
, (probably the of pallidicincta}, July 2oth (Ckll.); Anthophora
cardui Ckll., , July nth (Ckll.); A. cleomis Ckll., 9, August ist
(VV. Porter); A. montana Cress., 9, July (M. Winters, N. Stern,
A. Garlick); A. occidentalis Cress., 9. July 2ot h (W. Porter);
Ccelio.vys rufitarsis Sin., 'S.July nth (Ckll.); Megachile cleomis
Ckll., I 9, July (N. Stern, W. Porter, etc.); M. latimanus Say, 9 ,
July (Ckll., N. Stern, M. Winters); Boinbus americanarum Fabr.;
B. morrisoiii Cress; B. hevadensis cressoni Ckll ; Apis mellifera
ligustica Spin.; Pelopceus servillei Lep., July loth ; Sphc.v (Chaly-
bion] sp.; Asta/asp.; Sphex ichneumonea L., July 22nd (W. Por-
ter). Diptera : Odontomyia inczqualis Loew. det. Coq., August
ist; Compsomyia macellaria Fab., July nth; Eristalis latifrons
Loew., July nth ; Lucilia sp., Silvius sp. ; Lep.: Colias eurytheme
eriphyle Edw.,^, July 2; Pyramcis cardui L., July i5th (W. H.
Rishel); Papilio sp. ; Ctenucha venosa Walk., July i6th (N. Stern);
C. crcssonana Grote, July i2th (W. H. Rishel). Hemip. : Lygtzus
reclivatus Say, July nth ; Murgantia histrionica Hahn, July nth
(M. Winters, N. Stern). Coleop.: Nemognatha bicolor Lee., July
5th (N. Stern); Hippodamia convergers Guer. , July nth, very
abundant; Zonitis atripennis July loth, abundant; Clerus abruptus
Lee., July TO; Cantharis biguttata}v\-y nth (N. Stern).
SAXIFRAGACE^E.
Philadelphus argyrocaly.v Wooton. Dipt.: Vohicella anna Willist. ; vide
Townsend, Pr. Texas Acad., 1897, p. 53, where the plant is given
as P. scrpyllifolius.
Kibes sp. (wild gooseberry). Hym.: Vespa diabolica fernaldi Lewis,
Beulah, May 30 th (W. Porter).
Ribes sp. (wild gooseberry). Hym.: Osniia ribijloyis Ckll., 9, O. //;>-
naria Say, var. and 9, Ccelio.vys ribis Ckll., 9, Anthophora por-
tcrtz Ckll., ; Dipt : Epalpics signifera W r alker ; all at Romers-
ville, April 2gth (W. Porter).
ROSACE.-E.
paraifo.va acinninata Wooton. Flowers large, 26-40 mm. across
(mostly of the larger size); stamens large, with large anthers ; car-
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 4!
pels concealed to the last in the bottom of the flower, their tips not
above the level of the bases of the stamens ; bracts and sepals fre-
quently divided. Hym : Apis mellifera ligustica Spin., very many,
April 3oth, May 3rd ; Agapostemon splcndens Lep. var. 9 (new to
N. M ). April 3oth ; Colletes sp.; Halictns sisymbrii Ckll., 9 , April
3oth ; Halictoides fimbriatus (Cress.), 9 var. (new to N. M.), April
3oth ; Philanthus aff. albopilosus, May 3rd ; Sp/iccodes aff. fortioi ,
May 3rd ; Dipt.: Compsomyia macellaria Fabr., April 3oth. Lep.:
Pyrameis cardui L., April 3Oth ; Anosia stigosa Bates, April 3oth.
All near Mesilla Park.
Fallugia micrantha n. sp. or var. Flowers small, 23 26 mm. diam.;
carp-ls protruding, forming a green blunt cone, longer than the
stamens, which are small, with small anthers ; sepals rounded-trun-
cate, with a green acuminate appendage about 2 mm. long, occa-
sionally with two appendages ; bracts linear, entire and simple,
zY^-^Yz mm. long ; leaves and stems like acuminata. Hym.: O.vy-
belus sp ; Apis mellifera ligustica Spin. ; Phi/anthus aff. albopilosus.
Hemip.: Phymata fascia/a Gray. All near Mesilla Park, May 3rd.
When first I found F. micrantha I thought it might be a dimorphic from
of F. paradoxa acuminata, tending toward a dioecious condition, but
against this is the fact that both forms fruit abundantly ; and while some
plants of acuminata were observed to have less fruit than usual, others
were covered with fruit. Neither is the difference described owing to any
difference in the age of the flowers ; it is equally apparent in the old
flowers and in the unopened buds. I therefore treat F. micrantha as a
species, at least pending any proof which may be offered to the contrary.
Wooton's acuminata was intended to include all the Fallugias of this re-
gion, the differences in the flower not having been noticed ; but one of
Wooton's original specimens, in his herbarium, and also Torrey's figure
which he cites pertain to the form here designated acuminata.
Potentilla thurberi Gray. Hym.: Bonibus monardc? Ckll. and Porter;
B. prunellce Ckll. ; Megachile for/is Cress. ; Colletes gilensis Ckll.,
; Vespa occidentaiis Cress. All taken on the Rio Ruidoso by C.
H. T. Townsend. This Potentilla has dark red flowers.
Rosa neome.vicana Ckll. =fendlcri Wats, (part), not of Crepin. The
insects here recorded were found on the flowers of this rose in Me-
silla ; the roses had been planted, and do not grow wild anywhere
in the vicinity. On May 4, 1894, I collected the bees Prosopis nic-
si//"Ck\\., "b, Agapostemon sp., 9, and Diadasia apacha Cress.
On April 27, 1898, Mr. C. M. Barber collected the bees Apis wclli-
fera L., Augoclilora ncglectula Ckll., Halictus artnaliceps Cres^.,
H. sisymhrii Ckll., //. oleosus Ckll., I'msopis mcsillts Ckll., and
Ceralina nanula Ckll., Rosa ncoinc r/< ana grows wild in the Sacra-
mento Mountains, N. M.; it is closely allied to R. woodsii*
* Kasa nfoinc.iica.iui was collected in plenty by Prof. E. O. VVooton at Cloudcroft, N.
M.; I have also seen it there. It differs from sayi by the leaflets cuneate at base, teeth
simple or slightly compound ; from ifoodsii by the much taller stature (olten 6 ft. high or
4 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Prunus (cultivated plum). (i) Mesilla, 1897 ; Andrena fracia Casad and
Ckll., , March 24; Halictns ainicus Ckll., 9, April 4; liombus
sp., Thee la halesits and Diabrotica i2-punctata April isth, the last
mentioned eating the pollon. (2) Mesilla Park, April 13-14, 1898 ;
Hym . : Andrena prunorum Ckll.; A. fracia, Csd. and Ckll., many;
.-/. monilicarnis Ckll. ; .-/. sa/ieine//a Ckll. ; Anthophora macnli-
frons Cress. ; Halictus pruinosus Rob ; Bomboinelecta <?//;-<<// Ckll. ;
Paraiidrena andrenonles (Cress.) ; Halictus annaticcps Cress. ;
ProsQpismesifleeClal}., 1 ; Melecta maculata Cress. ; Halictuidr*
sp. ; Collet,'* ^',n>to>ii Ckll.; Lep.: Synch/a- laiinia Geyer, many ;
Dipt.: Bibio pa/Hpes Say, det. Coq., also Erisfalis, I'oluceHa and
Ceria.
Prunus (wild plum). Hym.: Jlombns fen/arins Say ; B.ju.vtus Cress.,
Megachile pollicaris pereximia Ckll , ; Andrena sapettoiiis Ckll.;
^4. z//V/V/^ Smith ; F<:'.9/><r inaculata L. All at Beulah May 301!)
(Wilmatte Porter).
LEGUMINOS.i:.
Prosopis glandulosa Torrey. Hym.: Prosopis inesillcz Ckll., ^J; /'.
asinina Ckll. and Casad., ; Perdita f.vc/uniai/s Ckll ; . Is/niiead-
iella prosopidis Ckll. All at Mesilla, May 7, 1897.
Parosela scoparia (Gray). Hym. : Megachile sidalcece Ckll., Mesilla.,
August 23, 1897.
Parosela formosa (Torrey). Hym.-: Centris /anosa Cress., ^, several at
Little Mtn., Mesilla Valley, May ist (Ckll.).
Psaralea tenuiflora Pursh. Hym.: Ccclio.i ys gi/eiisis Ckll., 9, j\fetni:- '
ejcilis Cress., 9- Gallinas R. at La Cueva, August 6th (Ckll., \\".
Porter).
Petalostemon candidus (Willd.) The following were all taken at the
flowers at Las Vegas, 1899. Dipt.: /'hysoceph/a ochrciceps Bigot-
det. Coq., July 21. Hym.: Andrena argemonis Ckll., 9, July,
August (W. Porter, Ckll.); Anfh.ophora cardid Ckll., ^ , August
nth (VV. Porter); Anthidium perpictum Ckll., 9, August nth
(W. Porter); A.porteree Ckll., ^ , August iith (W. Porter): Mega-
chile manifesto Cress., 9, August (\V. Porter); Bombiis fervidus
Fabr. ; /?. scutcllaris Cress.; Cerceris vena/or Cress., July 2ist.
Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa). The following were taken at Las Vegas
1899: Megachile cleomis Ckll., 9; M. latimamts Say, 9; JyW/.v-
sodesagilis anrigetiia Cress., 1\ Prosopis messillce Ckll., 9; . /
thophora bomboides neome.ricana Ckll., ^, ; A. urbana a/ani<>.\,
Ckll., ; . -///.v inellifera ligustica Spin.
more), and small solitary flowers; from blanda by the infrastipular spines normally in
pairs, and the solitary flowers ; from aciculata (Ckll. described as blanda. var ) by similar
characters. The flowers of neomexicana are sometimes two or three together, but then
only one fruit seems to mature. The fruits are small, scarlet, oblong. Sepals entire.
with more or less foliaceous tips. Stipules entire, but glandular-margined.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43
Meliloiits alba Desv. Hym.: Philanthus frontalis Cress., 9- Dipt.:
Nanolelus unicolor Loew, det. Coq. Both at Las Vegas, August
9th (Wilmatte Porter).
Trifo/iitui. rt'pens L. Hym.: Mclissodes pallidicincta Ckll., 9> Las.
Vegas, July 3rd (N. Stern).
Liipiinis sifgreavesii Wats. Hym.: Jiouibus nevadensis aztecus Ckll.
As(raga/iis /ininisfralHS Gray. Hym.: Afcgachile fortis Cress., Rio Rui-
doso (Tovvnsend).
I'icia sp. prob. ne\v, near />///<-//<//<? H. B. K. (Wooton's No. 288). Hym.:
for/is Cress.; .'Ifclissodes ruidoscnsis Ckll.; l>cinl'
Lep., 9 ; CoIIetex ^ilcusix Ckll., ^ ; Cn'lio.Yys gilcnsis
Ckll., 9; Bombus fervid us Fab. ; B. sonar us Say ; B. jn.v/iis
Cress.; />'. ttTiinriiis Say; B. pninellie Ckll. All collected by C.
H. T. Townsend on the Rio Ruidoso. Prof. Woototi considers
this Vicia distinct from ]'. piilchclla, and knows of no name that
can be applied to it.
A New Ceratina from New Mexico.
By T. D. A. COCKKRELL.
Ceratina neomexicana n. sp.
Female. Length 7/2=9 mm. ; dark green ; occiput dark blue ; meso-
thorax with a slight coppery tint at the sides of the middle ; first three
segments of abdomen dorsally rather olive green ; clypeus with a broad-
pyriform cream-colored patch ; ends of tubercles also cream-colored or
ivory-white ; wings strongly suffused with reddish brown ; nervines and
stigma dark. Allied to C. dupla Say, but usually larger and easily dis-
tinguished by the more sparsely-punctured face, with a shining impunc-
tate supraclypeal space, and similar spaces above the lateral pieces of the
clypeus ; the sides of the vertex very sparsely punctured ; the mesothorax
smooth and shining, with sparse punctures on the anterior third , and rather
close punctures round the edges, but otherwise impunctate ; cheeks with
small and very sparse punctures, a broad band behind the eyes impunc-
tate ; punctures of middle of abdominal segments smaller and sparser
than in dupla ; flagellum black above, last six joints reddish brown
beneath.
Hab. Chicarico Canon, near Raton, N. M., Aug. 25, 1900
(Ckll. ) ; Santa Fe, N. M.. July 10 (Boyle), July 7, at flowers
of Aquilc^ia (Ckll. ).
MRS. E. M. SWAINSON, 2131 Guildford Ave., Baltimore, Md., will col-
lect in Jamaica, commencing about April ist. She will be pleased to hear
from anyone interested in Jamaica insects.
44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
A New Species of Dolichopus from Texas.
By CHARLES T. BRUES.
The genus Dolichopus is very poorly represented in the
Texas fauna. In the vicinity of Austin we have taken only
two species, one of which is an undescribed form. The other,
Fore tarsus (r?) Dolichopus sphaeristes.
D. ramifcr, is very common, and is frequently seen at consid-
erable distances from any water, often upon the vegetation of
the dry hill-sides. The new species is described below.
Dolichopus sphaeristes sp. nov.
Bright green. Antennae, except part of third joint, yellow. Femora
yellow. Cilia of inferior orbit pale. Tegular cilia black. Fourth longi-
tudinal vein not broken. Hind tibia? and tarsi at base yellow. Fourth
and fifth joints of male fore tarsi enlarged, black ; the fifth bilobed and
with a large snow-white empodium.
Male. Length 6 mm. ; of wing 5 mm. Bright coppery green, moder-
ately shining. Face rather narrow, ochraceous, much lighter on lower
.fourth. Palpi light yellow. Antennae yellow, except a black spot at in-
sertion of arista and the infuscated tip of the third joint. Third joint
short, oval, obtusely rounded at the tip. Arista black, about one and
one-half times the length of the antennae, distinctly pubescent. Vertex
shining green. Post-ocular cilia, except three upper ones, pale yellow.
Thorax slightly yellowish pollinose in front. Pleurae darker and white
pollinose. Coxae pale yellow, except a black stain on middle pair ex-
ternally. Anterior ones bare, except for a row of black hairs along the
apical external edge. Middle ones sparsely black hairy anteriorly. Ab-
domen green at base and coppery posteriori)'. Last segment and hypo-
pygium black. Internal appendages of hypopygium pale ferruginous.
Lamellae gradually narrowed toward base and obliquely arcuate at apex ;
white, narrowly and sharply bordered with black on the apical half ;
strongly bristly at apical angle, elsewhere almost devoid of bristles : with
a region of black punctures near anterior angle. Legs yellow, except
last two joints of anterior tarsi, which are black ; and four posterior tarsi,
which are gradually infuscated beyond tip of first joint. Last two joints
-of anterior tarsi much enlarged and fringed with black hairs on anterior
edge. The fifth slightly bilobed at apex, part of the joint forming a sort
of appendage. Empodium very large, snow-white, almost as large as
fifth joint. Posterior tibiae greatly thickened, especially near base, as
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45
stout as the femora. Facii tibia lias an elongate bare space on inner side
on basal half. Wings hyaline, rather narrow at base. Costa distinctly
thickened at tip of first vein. Fourth vein not sharply angulate. Incision
at tip of fifth vein well marked.
Austin, Texas, May, 1900.
This species is readily recognized by the peculiar ornamenta-
tion of the male fore tarsus and the configuration of the pos-
terior tibiae. The front tarsi approach most closely to D. 6-
articulatits L,w. from which they differ by their very small
appendage. It is a peculiar form.
A New Callimorpha.
BY H. D. MERRICK.
I wish to describe through the NEWS what appears to be a
new variety of Callimorpha lecontei, for which I propose the
name ' ' dyan'i ' in remembrance of the many courtesie-
show r n to me by Dr. Dyar during a recent visit to the
National Museum.
In color, this fly is a uniform creamy yellow, with all the
markings of Iccontfi. It appears with it together with an
immaculate form similar to vcstalis, but of the same yellow
tint. I have taken this fly for three seasons, near New
Brighton. Pa.
1 IIAVK lately received a note from a very intelligent and observing
teacher, whom I asked to note the positions of the baggy and slender
Cecropia cocoons in a region where they abound. She says that the baggy
otu-s were high as well as low, " about even," while all the slender ones
were low. She sent me between fifty and sixty after supplying some of
the teachers, so she had a fair amount of material to observe. I have
been testing these by weight, and so far I find that the heavier cocoons
always gave 9 9 an< J tne lighter ones c?c?. The slenderest cocoon \va^
one of the heaviest and gave a 9-
With my present supply of cocoons I have not failed to select the 9 by
weight, nor have I found any difficulty in selecting. I should not dare
say, however, that this would always be the case and a sure test. If you
try water on the two forms I think you will find that the baggy ones will
be soaked more quickly than the firm ones, disposing of Mr. Roberts'
theory. CAKOI.INE G. Son.K, Urookline, Mass.
46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
An Aquatic Psychodid.
By V. L. KELLOGG, Stanford University, California.
While "hunting" Blepharoceridae last March in the streams
of the Sierra Morena Mountains, a few miles west of Stanford
University, my attention was attracted to some very small Ble-
pharocerid-like larvae and pupae which prove to be immature
stages of a new species of Psychodid. Baron Osten Sacken in
referring to some similar aquatic Psychodid larva.- and pupae
discovered by Fritz Muller in Brazil twenty years ago, writes
of the ' ' extraordinary interest' ' which the study of these ' ' very
remarkable aquatic larvae" possess. As these new California
larvae show all of the " remarkable structural" details exhibited
by the Brazilian specimens they should possess a similar interest.
They are certainly very curious and suggestive immature flies.
The family Psychodidae, the interesting "moth flies," is
unusually well represented on the Pacific Coast, and certain
species are very common. Mr. Trevor Kincaid of the Univer-
sity of Washington has determined a dozen or more species on
the coast of which 10 have been described from coast specimens.
I have found certain species numerous about Stanford and along
the seashore twenty miles west of here. I am acquainted with
the immature stages of but one species, however, that one being
a form recently described from my specimens by Kincaid under
the name of Pericoma calif orniensis *
In the paper of Miall and Walkert on the life history of Peri-
coma cancscens, a paper which I have unfortunately not been
able to see, there is, as I learn from an abstract of it, a con-
densed account of our present knowledge of the early stages of
the Psychoidae, and a list of fourteen papers containing this
knowledge. The larva of Pcricoma canescens is semi-aquatic :
it breathes air from above the surface, but it can remain im-
mersed " for a long time together." " The larva' s(.-cm most
at home in water just deep enough to cover the body." Fritz
Muller's aquatic Psychodids which he found in Brazil and gave
* Kincaid, T.
t Miall, L. C., and Walker, Norman, The Life History of l\-ricoina
cattesceiis, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1895.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47
accounts of in the Zool. Anxeiger, 1881, p. 499, the Entomolo-
gisehe Xachrichten, iSSS, p. 273, and finally, \vithgood figures
, in the Trans. Knt. Soc. London, 1895, P art ^ P- 4^3. are re ~
markable in that the larva- are provided with both spiracles
and tracheal gills, for breating air above or beneath the surface
of the water, and are provided also with a series of median
ventral suckers, reminding one of the condition of all Illrpha-
yoccrid larv;e. The pupae of these Brazilian Psychodids is re-
markable for its great modification, being broad, flattened,
provided with prothoracic breathing tubes, and clinging im-
movably by its ventral aspect to the surface of a rock wall, in
all respects a structure, appearance and habit very like those
shown by the pupa- of Blepharoceridae. The pupa of Miall's
semi-aquatic I\vchodid\<, of the usual Tipulid-like type and the
larva has no ventral suckers and has only spiracles, not tracheal
gills.
My California!! aquatic l\vdiodid is of the type of Midler's
Braxilian forms. The larva.- and especially pupae are strongly
like Ji/t'p/iaroccnd larvae and pupae, in miniature, and have
nearly the same habit. The larvae which I found abundantly
on March i and later dates in Los Gatos Creek, and other
streams in the Sierra Morena Mountains, Santa Clara Count}-,
live on the stones of the stream bed not usually submerged but
always at the very verge of the water, sometimes submerged,
sometimes above the water surface, but always wetted by the
current or spray. They are when full grown about 2.5 mm.
long and about i mm. wide. They are, as Muller says of the
Brazilian specimens, onisciform but are narower and more
elongate in shape than O/iiscits. The shape and general ap-
pearance can be clearly understood by referring to Figure i,
in which both dorsal and ventral aspects arc- shown. They
are not flat but rather thick, and the dorsal surface is quite
firm. The ventral surface bears eight median scgnientally ar-
ranged suckers by which the larva holds firmly i but not nearh
SO strongly as the larva of the Blepharocvrid;e > to the surface
on which it rests. There are no thoracic breathing tubes and
openings, as described for l\ riconia by Miall, but simply a pair
of spiracles at the posterior tip of the abdomen, anal spiracles.
4 8
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[February,
lying just between the strongly haired clavate processes shown
in the figures. In the examination of nearly one hundred speci-
mens ( killed by various killing reagents and preserved in alco-
hol) I find no trace of any anal tracheal gills as described by
Muller for the Brazilian larvae. But Muller expressly states
that these gills can be retracted ( are always retracted in fact
when the larva is above the water), it is possible that my
larvae are provided with them. If so they must be very small
and delicate, for they have escaped my observation and numer-
ous dissections.*
The pupae ( Fig. 2, A) are found in the same places with the
Pupa Periconui culifornica Kiiicaiil.
A, dorsal aspect ; B. prothoracic breathing tube.
larvae, although usually a little higher on the rocks and are
thus less wetted. They are broadly shield-shaped, flat and
adherent, quite of the general character of Blepharocerid pupae,
but less convex and of course much smaller. They are 2.5 mm.
long and 2 mm. wide at the middle. They have a pair of short
clavate prothoric breathing tubes. These organs are not com-
posed of several lamellae, as with the Blephoroceridae, but are
single, sub-cylindrical and have a fine mesh-work covering
c- I shall have opportunity to see living larva- again next March, this
point can be settled then.
I 9 0l]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
49
(Fig. 2, B). The dorsal wall of the pupa is firm, being fairly
strongly chitinized. The flat ventral surface adherent to the
rock is unchitinized, and the folded wings and legs lie uncov-
ered, although of course perfectly protected by the dorsal wall.
There are no sucking discs on the ventral surface of the pupa,
but the adherence is, nevertheless, sufficient to prevent the
B
Pfficoma ci'ifornica Kincaid.
\, ventral aspect ; B, dorsal aspect.
pupae from being carried away by the occasional splashes of
water which strike them. The pupae were more plentiful than
larvae by April 5th, and adults were issuing at this time. Pupae
were found, however, at the same time, March ist, that the
larvae were first noted.
I may add to this brief account of the immature stages of
Pericoma calif oruica that I found on July 25th in a small stream
in the Rocky mountains of Larimer County, Colorado, two
pupae evidently Psychodid but different from the pupae of the
California!! Pericoma. The prothoracic breathing tubes of the
Colorado form were long and tapering and flexible ; the shape
and general flat shield-shaped adherent character of the bo-1;
was the same as in l\ricoma californica.
5O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEVs. [February,
Lecanium caryae Fitch.
BY GKO. E. KING, Lawrence, Mass.
There seems to be considerable confusion about Fitch's Lc-
cauiinu carvu\ Tliis original description is "Fixed to the bark
of the small limbs a large, very convex oval scale of a black
color fading to chestnut-brown, in May, dusted over with a
white powder. Length often .40 by .25 in width." The type
specimens have apparently been destroyed, at least they can-
not now be found. The confusion seems to have arizen from
a species sent by Fitch to Signoret, who took it to be L. carver,
and described it as having a six-jointed antennae, with the
third joint very long and the female scale 6 mm. long. It is
quite evident that this could not be Fitch's L. carytf, as his
scale was 10 mm. long and 6 1 2 broad.
What I take to be L. carycc is a species which I have found
on pignut hickory, wild red cherry, and once on white oak ;
the same species has just recently been sent me by Dr.
Fletcher, found on peach at Niagara, Ont. Some of these
scales were of the same size as Fitch's, while others were some-
what larger. The following is a description of them : 9 scale
very large, ii 1 - mm. long, 9 1 - broad, 3 1 .-J high; dark red-
brown ; soft, while on the limbs in May, and more or less cov-
ered with a white power ; anal cleft i l ? mm. long. Antennas
stout, distinctly seven jointed. The measurements are in mi-
cromillimeters. Antennal joints ( r ) 28, (2) 28, (3) 92, (4)
40, (5) 20, (6) 24, (7) 40. Width ( i ) So, (2) 72, (3)44,
i 4 ) 40, ( 5 > 32, ('6) 28, ( 7 ) 24. The number of hairs on the
several joints seem to be variable and they generally point longi-
tudinally. The first joint seems to have two ; the second, one
long one ; the fifth, one very long ; the sixth, two, short ; and
the seventh seems to have eight. Marginal spines 44 long and 8
broad at the base, points sharp, spaces between each two ad-
jacent spines about 60. The derm become quite clear when
boiled in caustic potash, and shows gland pits of two sixes,
with the usual other markings found in the subgenus Enlcca-
nimii. This species should be easily recognized by its stout 7-
jointed antenna?, and the very large size of the scale, being
flu- largest species found. Habitat, North America.
igOl] KXTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51
There is not the slightest doubt but the above described spe-
cies is Fitch's /, . carya', 1X56, found on C'ar_va alba.
libliograuhy. Report of the Noxious and other Insects of the State of
New York, by Asa Fitch, 1856, p. 443. The hickory bark-lou<-<-,
Leca/iinui carya: \\. sp.
U. S. Agr. Rpt., 1880, p. 364, C/n/oi/t'iinis a/biconiis (a parasite). Mr.
J. D. Putnam bred seven of the above parasites from L. caryce in
his collection at Davenport, Iowa.
Insect Life, vol. 3, 1890, p. 383. In the description of L. pruinosum by
D. W. Coquillett, he says: "Among all the descriptions of the
species of Lecaiiinui, to which I have access, none agree so well
with the present species as does Dr. Fitch's description of his
L. carycc ; but Prof. Riley has compared specimens and finds
carycg to be much larger."
Fifth Rpt., U. S. Entom. Com., 1890, p. 298, is a copy of Fitch's descrip-
tion of L. caryff.
Can. Ent, vol. 27, p. 254, 1^95, Prof. Cockerel!, in his description of L.
cauadeiise, refers to Signoret's description of L. caiytr, but not
of Fitch, 1856.
Can. Ent., vol. 30, 1898, p. 293, Prof. Cockerel!, in his description of L.
carya mm, refers to Signoret's species and considers it to be very
similar to if not identical with Fitch's L. cynosbati.
Can. Ent., vol. 31, 1899, p. 141. The present writer cites /,. carycc being
found by him in Massachusetts.
The Industrialist, April, 1899, p. 234, Prof. Cockerell refers to L. caryce
in his descriptive notes on L. ribis Fitch.
Notes on Aleurodidae.
BY H. O. WOOIAVOKTH, Champaign, 111.
Tlie appearance last July of Bulletin No. S, Technical Series,
Div. of Ent., U. S. Dept. of Agric., by Prof. A. L,. Quaintance,
entitled : " Contributions Toward a Monograph of the Ameri-
can Aletirodidie," brought to the writer's attention this much
neglected family.
In Illinois there were reported by that paper only three spe-
cies upon as many hosts. Therefore the writer decided to us</
his spare time in the study of the local specie-^ and such others
as he might collect elsuwhrre. As a result, in the la.xt few
months, specimens from about one hundred kinds of plants
were collected, of which at least three-fifths are new to the
monographic list. From sonu es of ] hints as many a> live
kin^s of Aieurodids were found.
52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Host plants of Aleurodes pergandei (juaint.
The present paper will be devoted to the host plants of one
the prettiest of these little insects : Aleurodes pergandei Quaint.
The pupal form alone will be considered.
The plants will be considered in the systematic botanic order
of Gray.
RUTACE^E.
NORTHERN PRICKLY ASH.
Xanthoxylum americamim.
Specimens found on under side of leaves, August 23, 1900,
about one-half mile east of Urbana and noticed quite often
north and east of Urbana until the last of September, when
the writer went to Pekin for a month. They were always
scarce, never more than three upon one leaf.
ROSACES.
CULTIVATED PLUM.
Primus sp.*
One specimen was found in Champaign, 111., as early as
August 13, 1900, and on September 12, 1900, several speci-
mens w r ere taken from two trees at the University grounds.
The} r w^ere not abundant.
CULTIVATED DWARF PLUMS.
Prunus sp.
Few collected September 12, 1900, from plant at the Experi-
ment Station ground in Urbana.
FLOWERING ALMOND.
Primus Amydalus nana.
On September 20, 1900, after a few 7 minutes' careful search,
a few specimens were found in Mt. Hope Cemetery south of
Urbana.
PEACH.
Prunus (Amyydalus) persica.
From the i st of August until the last of September speci-
mens could be found upon nearly every peach tree about Cham-
paign and Urbana, but apparently only upon the lower and
more shaded leaves. They were scarce, never more than
twelve being found upon a single tree.
* See p. 32 of Prof. A. L. Quaintance's paper for additional localities.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53
BLACKBERRY.
Rnbus villosus.
Found first upon berry-bush 2/_> miles northeast of Urbana,
September 5, 1900 ; next near Insectary, IT. of I. grounds,
Urbana, November 17, 1900, and later as follows : U. of I.
forest, Urbana, November 26, 1900 ; December 17, 1900; Janu-
ary 18, 1901; woods north of Urbana, December i7th, but feu-
specimens taken at a time. Of those collected in wood, De-
cember 17, 1900, two were upon upper surface of a curled leaf.
RED HAWS.
Crataegus mollis and Crataegus sps.
On August 22, 1900, about 1^4 miles north of Urbana were
found upon the lower leaves a large number of specimens.
From then until the last of September some specimens were
seen upon nearly every red haw plant. Some leaves had as
man}" as fifteen upon them. They were especially abundant
in dark places. At Pekiu, 111., October u, 1900, some were
found upon three leaves.
ENGLISH HAW.
Crataegus oxycantha.
On October 30, 1900, in a yard in the western part of Cham-
paign, two specimens were found upon a leaf.
WILD-CRAB.
Pyrus coronaria.
About the ist of September and throughout that month
quite a number of specimens were taken from the lower leaves
in crab thickets. They were not found upon isolated trees.
SAXIFRAGACE/E.
Hydrangea sp.*
CAPRIFOLIACEj;.
SNOW BALL.
Viburnum opulus.
Few leaves with specimens collected at Mt. Hope Cemetery,
south of Urbana, on September 18-20, 1900.
Not collected at yet upon this plant in Illinois.
54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
BIGNONIACE^E.
TRUMPET CREEPER.
Bignonia radicans.
On August 16, 1900, at the University grounds were collec-
ted several specimens, and from then until the last of Septem-
ber occasionally noted in same locality. On September 20,
1900, some were found in Champaign, 111.
OLEACE^E.
FRINGE TREE.
Chionanthus virginica.
On August 13 and 30, 1900, some specimens were taken ii:
the western part of Champaign. They were noted* at intervals
of about two weeks between the above dates.
In conclusion, the Illinois localities are added to those of
Quaintance (Wash., D. C., Ga., Va. .
The host list for Illinois includes all but one species ( Hy-
drangea], besides adding several to those found elsewhere.
Trees, shrubs and a vine are among the hosts, representing six
botanical families and thirteen species. Each family, except
Rosaceae, is represented by a single species. This seems to
show that Alcnrodcs pcrgandci prefers the plants of the rose
family.
From the above paper, one may infer that in this locality
this year it preferred the red haws.
What seemed strange to the writer was that not a single
specimen of Alcurodcs pergandci was among the number of
Alourodids on leaves of red haw, crab, etc., collected in Mil-
waukee, Wis. , the last week of August, 1900, from which the
writer concludes they are very scarce if present in the vicinity
of Milwaukee. Further investigation alone can settle that
point.
Again, although they are usually found upon the lower sur-
face of the leaves, yet they were, on December 17, 1900, found
upon the upper surface.
This species has been collected on the 2oth of May in Geor-
gia, and seen almost continually from the ist of August to the
last of September in Illinois ; afterward at intervals to January
4, 1901. This leads the writer to think that it may K possible
to collect this species throughout the year in the form of pupa.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL Ni-.ws solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL XHVVS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer
ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five '' extras," without change in foim,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Kn.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1901.
IT is interesting to observe the comparatively slow growth
of science along some lines and to see how most important facts
are overlooked until attention is attracted to them by si ma-
great event that appeals to many minds at once and cans*
great awakening. The large mortality from typhoid fever
during the late Spanish-American war has created a wide-
spread interest in the subject of the transmission of disease- by
inst-cts, and main- important papers have recently appeared
bearing on this subject. At the present time the importance
of these studies and observations is fully recognized, and there-
is absolutely no doubt that insects play a most important part
as ;etological factors in disease. To show the comparatively
slow growth of the subject, it may be mentioned that in iSoj
])r. John Crawford, in the "Baltimore Observer," published
a paper on the " Mosquital Origin of Malarial Disease." The
"New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal," vol. iv, pp.
563-601, 1848, contains an article by Dr. Josiah Xott, in which
he mentioned that the " mosquito of the lowlands" was the
cause of malaria. In 1871, Dr. Joseph Leidy stated his belief
that hospital gangrene was disseminated by house-flies ( 1';
Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 23, 297 >. Dr. A. F. A. King deserves
great credit for his brilliant article published in the " Popular
55
56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Science Monthly," 23, 644, 1883, entitled "Mosquitoes and
Malaria." The later literature should be known to all inter-
ested in this subject. It is amusing to find some recent writers
in medical journals claiming priority for observations which
were in reality made before they were born.
Entomological Literature.
COMPILED BY P. P. CALVERT.
Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North
and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contribu-
tions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, relating to Ameri-
can or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in HEAVY-FACED TYPE refer to the
journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published ; * denotes
that the paper in question contains descriptionsof new North American forms. Titles of all
articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usually such articles are written
in the same language as the title of the journal containing them, but when such articles are in
other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets.
4. The Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont., Jan., '01. 5. Psyche,
Cambridge, Mass., Jan., '01. 6. Journal of the New York Entomologi-
cal Society, Dec., 'oo. 9. The Entomologist, London, Jan., '01. 12.
Comptes Rendus. L'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 'oo. 21. The Ento-
mologist's Record, London, Dec. 15, 'oo. 24. Berliner Entomologische
Zeitschrift, xlv, 1-2, Aug., 3-4, Dec., 'oo. 32. Bulletin du Museum d'His-
toire Naturelle, Paris, 'oo. 3(>. Transactions, Entomological Society of
London, 'oo, pt. iv, Dec. 24. 37. Le Naturaliste Canadien, Chicoutimi,
Quebec, Dec. 30, 'oo. 51. Novitates Zoologicae, vii, 3, Tring, England,
Dec., 'oo. 74. Naturvvissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin, 'oo. 85.
Bulletin, Societe des Sciences Naturelles de 1'Ouest de la France, x, 3,
Nantes, Sept. 30, 'oo. 8Ga. Annales, Soci6t6 Entomologique de France,
'99, Trimestres 1, July, '99 ; 2 Nov., ,99 ; 3 Feb , 'oo ; 4 June, 'oo ; all rec'd.
Jan., '01. 86l>, Bulletin of the same for 1899; rec'd. Jan., '01. 87.
Revue Scitntifique, Paris, 'oo. 89. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Abthei-
lung fiir Systematik, etc., xiv, 2, Jena, Dec. 4, 'oo. 14O. Proceedings.
Washington Academy of Sciences, ii. Papers from the Harriman Alaska
Expedition, Dec. 20, 'oo, unless otherwise dated.
THE GENEltAL SUBJECT. Beutemmiller, W. Ento-
mological writings of the late Rev. George D Hulst, C. Brown, A.
\V. [Arachnida, Myriopoda, Prototracheata] Sharp, I). [Insects]. The
Zoological Record, xxxvi, Records of Zoological literature relating chiefly
to the year 1899. London, 'co. Coupiii, H. The sentiment of death
in animals, 87, Dec. 22. Gadean de Kerville, H. Observations on
the utility of radiography in entomological works, 8(>b, 4. Hand-
lirseli, A. On socalled "local faunas" and especially on Gabriel
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57
Strobl's ' Styrian Hemiptera, 1 Verhandlungen, zoologisch-botanischen
Gesellschaft in Wien, 1, 9, Dec. 7, 'oo. 3Iarshall, G. A. K. Conscious
protective resemblance. Remarks on this paper by Poultoii, K- B.
The Zoologist, London, Dec. 15, 'oo Kedikorzew, AV. Researches
on the structure of the ocelli of insects, figs., 2 pis., Zeitschnft fur wissen-
schaftliche Zoologie, Ixviii, 4, Leipsic, Dec. 4, 'oo. Stichel H. et al.
[Discussions on mimicry in the Proceedings of the Berlin Society], U4,
3-4. de Varigiiy, H. Animal chemists, 87, Dec. 29. Weeks, A.
<J. In memoriam : Rev. Dr. George D. Hulst, 6.
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. v. Aiguer-Abafi, L. The
destructiveness of Acherontia atropos, Rovartani Lapok, Budapest, Nov.,
'oo. Anon. Yellow fever and mosquitoes, Science, New York, Dec.
28, 'oo. Bureau, L. Lyctus canaliculatus Fabr. and its ravages in
parks and other open woods, figs., 85- Cartaz, A. Mosquitoes and
paludism. La Nature, Paris, Dec. 8, oo. Celli, A. The new prophy-
laxis of malaria in Latium, figs., Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie, Jena,
Dec. 8, 'oo Cockerel!, T. D. A. Observations on insects, figs., Bul-
letin 35, New Mexico College of Agric. and Mechanic Arts, Mesilla, N.
M., Oct., 'oo. Hopkins, A. D. The periodical cicada or seventeen-
year locust in West Virginia, a revision of Bulletin 50, etc., figs,, maps.,
3 pis. Bulletin 68, West Virginia Agric. Exper. Station, Morgantown,
W. Va., Oct., 'oo ; Report on examination of wheat stubble from differ-
ent sections of the State : supplement to Bulletin 67, ' The Hessian fly in
West Virginia.' The Joint-worm in wheat in the northern Panhandle and
northern borders of the State, i pi., Bulletin 69, id. Howard, L. O.
A contribution to the study of the insect fauna of human excrement with
especial reference to the spread of typhoid fever by flies, figs., 2 pis , 14O,
ii, Dec. 28, 'oo ; Flies and typhoid fever, Popular Science Monthly, New
York, Jan., "01. Koch, It. Summary of the results of the malaria expe-
dition, 7-4-, Dec. 30. Ivropotkin, P. Recent science: insects and
malaria, The Nineteenth Century, Lond., Dec., 'oo. Lounsbiiry, C. P.
Report of the Government Entomologist for the year 1899, 4 pis., Cape of
Good Hope Dep't. of Agriculture. Cape Town, 'oo. Mer, E. Various
means to preserve bark and wood against the attacks of insects, Bulletin,
Societe" Nationale de Agriculture de France, 1900, No. u, Paris. --Pil-
laiis, E., 3Iayer, C. Reports of the Agricultural Assistants at Cape
Town and Stellenbosch for the year 1899. Cape of Good Hope Dep't. of
Agriculture, Cape Town, 'oo. Kelt, L. Experiments on the ability of
the Diuspina.' to resist external influences : Biologisches Centralblatt, Er-
largen, Dec. 15, 'oo. Sarruf, N. Y. Malaria and mosquitoes, Nature,
London, Dec. 20, 'oo. Smith, J. B. The angoumis grain moth, figs.,
Bulletin 147, New Jersey Agric. Exper. Stations. New Brunswick, N. J.,
Dec. 10, 'oo. Stephens, W. W., Christophers, S. K., Daniels,
C. W. Reports to the Malarial Committee, Royal Society [from West
and East Africa.] 3rd Series, London, Dec. 31, 'oo. Verhoett', C. \V.
A noteworthy enemy [O/rrw/w larvse] of the "Blutlaus," 124, 34.-
5 s ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Wilcox, E. V. Abstract of recent publications, Experiment Station
Record, xii, 3, 4, Washington, 'oo.
AKACHNI DA. Banks, N. Some Arachnida from Alabama,*
Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1900, Nov. 10 ;
Arachnida,* i pi., 14O. -Kabes. Development of our knowledge of
the spider's eye, figs., 74, Dec. 2. Westberg", P. Spider life, Korre-
spondenzblatt, Naturforscher-Vereins zu Riga, xliii, 'oo.
PROTOTRACHEATA. Bouvier, E. L. Contributions to the
history of the American Pen'pafits, 6 pis., S6a, 3.
MYRIOPODA. Behal and Phisalix. Ouinone, the active prin-
ciple of the venom of Julus terrcstris, 12, Dec. 10. Jourdaiu, S.
The venom of Sco/opcnitra, 12, Dec. 10. Phisalix, C. A volatile
venom, cutaneous secretion of Ju/ns ten-csfris, 12, Dec. 3.
THYSANURA. Skorikow, A. A new species oi Japy.v (Thysa-
nura) from eastern Bokhara, Annuaire, Musee Zoologique de 1'Academie
Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, v, 3, 'oo.
ORTHOPTEBA. Bordas, L- Contribution to the study of the
subintestinal sympathetic or stomatogastric nervous s\ stem of Orthoptera,
2 pis., Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, xxxiii, Paris,
Oct. 10, 'oo. Caudell, A. N. Orthoptera, 14O. Kiinekel d'Her-
culais, J. The large migratory Acridians, of the Old and New Worlds,
of the genus Scliistocetra, and their changes of coloration according to
age and to the seasons ; physiological role of the pigments, 12, Dec. 3.
Kehu, *J. A. G. The generic names Vates and Theoc/ytes, 4.
Sc udder, S. H A tropical type of Acridian new to the United States,*
<>; Cyplindcn-is wo/is/rosa, 4. Therese, Princess of Bavaria, Insects
collected on a journey to South America (cont. ) ; the new Orthoptera de-
scribed by Bruiiner, the new Odonata by de Selys-Loiig-chaiuim
and Brauer, 24, 3-4. Walker, E. 31. Notes on some Ontario
Acridiidce, iv, 4.
NEUKOPTERA. -Banks, N. Neuropteruicl insect:;,- 2 pis.
[excl. Odonata], 14O. Brauer, F., de Selys-Loiig-elianips, E
See Orthoptera. Enderlein, G. The Psocid fauna of Peru, rigs., 2
pis., 8i>; I<:pipsocns ciliatns Hagen, a Psocid of the Amber and the re-
cent Peruvian E. ncpos n. sp., 24, 1-2. Lucas, W. J. British Dragon-
flies (Odonata), London : L. Upcott Gill. 1900. Svo. Pp. xiv, 356. 57
text figs., 27 colored pis.
HEMIPTERA. Baker, C. F. Notes on Macropsls and Agallia
(Jassidse), 5. Ball, E. I). New Jassidce from the Rocky Mountain
and Pacific region,* 4. Distant, W. L. Contributions to a knowledge
of the Rhynchota, i pi. [includes a section on Central American species |
156. Knock, F. Oviposition of Kanatra, 06, Proceedings. Heid* 1 -
inanii, O. Heteroptera, 14O. Hopkins, A. J_>. See iM-onomic
Entomology. King-, G. B. Coccida- of the Harvard Botumr.tl T.ar-
dens, *">. Kirkalrty, G. AV. The stridulation of Corixa (Rliynchol
figs., .). Peryande, T. Aphidida-,* 14O. Keed, E. C. Syno]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59
of the Hemiptera of Chile (cont. ), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural,
Valparaiso, Oct., Nov., 'oo Sclnvarz, 1C. A. Psyllida-, 14O.
COLrEOPTERA. Beaulieu, G. Scaraha -iti.i -> t the proviiK
Quebec (cont.), '57. Belon, P. Description of a new Mcfapitthahnus.
from Mexico,"" 8<>b, 3. Bordas, L. Researches on the male genital
organs of some Cerambycidce, i pi , SOa, 3. Bourgeois, J. Malaco-
dermata of the journey of E. Simon in Venexuela, 8Oa, i ; Diagnoses of
new or little known Lycida?, 8Ga, 4. Breiiske, E. The Scrica spe-
cies of the earth, monographically tre;ited (cont.) [Ethiopian region], 24,
1-2. Doiickier de Doiiceel, H. Systematic catalogue of the Hispi-
cht-. 86a, 4 Fletiaux, E. Eucnemida; of the Voyages of E. Gounelle
in Brazil, 8<>a, i. Gomielle, E. Description of a new type of aber-
rant Prionine, figs. [= Migdolus Westw., Fainnaire, 8<b, 3]. 8<b,
i. Jacoby, M. Descriptions of new species and a new genus of South
American Euniolpidae, with remarks on some of the genera,* 36. Le-
veille, A. Studies on the family Temnochilidse,*86a, 4. Mattbews^
A. A monograph of the Coleopterous families Coryloplncke and Sphaeri-
id:e. Edited by P. B. Mason. 9 pis. London : Janson. 1899.* I(U
Trichopterygia illustrata et descripta. A monograph of the Trichoptery-
gia. Supplement. Edited by P. B. Mason. With 7 plates. London :
Janson, 1900. Olivier, E. Contribution to study of the Lampyrida.-,
8(b, 4. Pie, 31. Diagnoses of Coleoptera of the globe, L'Echange,
Revue Linneenne, Moulins, Dec., 'oo. He^iilibart, M. Revision of
the Dytiscidse of the Indo-chinese-malaysian region figs.. 8<>a, 2.
Schwnrz. E. A. Coleoptera,* 14O Tsebitscheriiie, T. On the
employment of the names Feronia and Platysina and on the relationship
of Za'inis with Amara, 8(H>, 4. Wiekliam, H. F. E/codesm Iowa ;
The Scydnuenid:'- and Pselaphidfe occurring near Iowa City, Iowa, I\<-
port, Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1899. Td. Two new blind beetles of the
genus s-ldrain'sinnn the Pacific coast, tigs.,* 4; See also Hymenoptera,
IHPTEKA. Becker, T. Dipterological studies, v: Pipunmlida-,
24. 3-4. Chaj'iioii, G. Syrphidaj of the province of Quebec dent
I57- Coekerell, T. 1). A. A new Cecidomyid on Gutierrezia, :; 4.
Coquillett, I>- W. See Hymenoptera. Giles, G. 3T. A Handbook
of the gnats or mosquitoes giving the anatomy and life history of the Cu-
hcicia-. London. Bale, Sons & Danielsson. 1900. Pp. xi, 374. 10 t-.\t
fig's., 8 pis. Graenicber, S. The Syrphida; (f Milwaukee County
[Wisronsin], Bulletin, Wisconsin Natural History Society (n. s ), i, 3,
Milwaukee, July, 'oo Hine, J. S. Change of name [in 7<i7></;/.<]. 4.
Tjej'ev, 1>. On the Gregarine^ of Diptera and descriptinn of a new
sp.-cirs from the intestine of larva- of '/'<; ;/r/V\, rigs., 8<a, 3 <!<-
Meijere, J. ('. H. On the larva of / .<n liof>t,-ra : a contri'mtion to
knowledge of tin-- cyclorrhaphous Dipterous larvae, 3 pis.. Si). Hotlis-
ebild, N. ('. Notes on Pulex avium Tasrhb., i pi., *>1.
KEPI lM>l k TEUA. Adams, C. ('. The Luna and Polyphemus
nioihs, i col. pi., Birds and Nature, Chicago, Nov., 1900. The
6o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
and Promethea moths, i col. pi., id., Dec., 'oo. Beutenmuller, W.
Two new Sesiidae,* G. Busck, A. A new Canadian Tineid,* 4; New
American Tineina,* O, Chapman, T. A. The egg of Cossits ore
Streck., with some notes on the e^g of C. ligniperda, 21. l>yar, H.
(Jr. Lepidoptera* [containing descriptions by <T. 13. Smith, K. Otto-
lengui, G. 1>. Hulst, W. Beiiteiimiillcr, C. H. Feruald], 14O.
Dyar, H. G. Life histories of North American Geometridae, xviii,
5. French, G. H. Revision of the genus Catocala, 4. Grose-
Smith, H. Rhopalocera Exotica. Part 54. London: Gurney & Jack-
son. Oct., 1900. 3 col. pis. Hiul.son, G. V. New Zealand Moths
and Butterflies (Macro-Lepidoptera). With 13 plates [11 colored]. Lon-
don : West, Newman & Co, 1896. 410. Hulst, G. D. New species
of Lepidoptera,* (>. de Joaimis, J. Note on a Phycide living as a
parasite in a nest of larva? from Mayomba (Congo), 32, 6. Lathy, P.
I. The genus of Dircenna Barrettii Dannatt, i). Lymaii, H. H.
Life-history of Xy/ina Rethunei G. and R., 4. Merrifield, F., Chap-
luaii, T. A. Markings of pupal and imaginal wings, 36, Proceedings.
Moore, F. Lepidoptera Indica. Parts xlvi, xlvii. London: Lovell
Reeve & Co., 1900 [Pp. 193 2^8, 209-224 of vol. iv, pis. 357-364, 365-372.
Nymphalinse, group Argynnina]. N'oel, P. The preservation of larvae
in collections, Le Naturaliste, Paris, Dec. i, 'oo. Itift'arth, H. The
genus Heliconius Latr. newly revised, with description of new forms,*
24, 3-4. Rothschild, W., and Jordan, K. A monograph of
Chara.ves and the allied prionopterous genera, 5 pis., 51. Schaus, W.
New species of Heterocera from tropical America,* 6. Staiidfuss, M.
Synopsis of experiments in hybridization and temperature made with
Lepidoptera up to the end of 1898 (cont.), 9. Stichel, H. Noteworthy
varieties and aberrations of butterflies, i pi. ; Variation and gynandromor-
phism in Chlorippe vacuna God , 24, 1-2 Tutt J. W. On the ge-
neric name Rlicropterix (Rlicropteryx) Hub., 21.
HYMEXOPTttltA. Ashmead, W. H. Hymenoptera parasi-
tica,*Coquillett, I>. W. Diptera,* Wickliam, H. F. Coleoptera-
Some Insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico, ii, 5. Dominique,
T. Gardener ants, tigs , H/S. Kincaid, T. Sphegoidea* and Vespoi-
xlea,* 14O. Kriechbnmmer. Insects collected by Her Royal High-
ness PrincessThere.se of Bavaria on a journey in South America: Hymen-
optera, 24, 1-2; Evident errors in Thomson's explanation of the hind wing
of the Cryptidae, Entomologische Nachrichten. xxvi, 23, Berlin, Dec., 'oo.
LudwiK, N. Bee queens and workers, 74, Dec. 23. Marchal, P.
The return to the nest in Pompihis sericeus V. d. L., Comptes Ren-lus
Socie"te de Biologic, Paris, Dec. 22, 'oo. Pergande, T. Formicid;e,*
14O.--Kudovv and Kopp, C. The dwellings of the European Hymen-
optera with notice of the important exotic ones, 24, 3-4. Senrat, L. G.
On the respiratory apparatus of the larva of Chrysis shanghaiensis Smith,
^J2, No. 5 ; On the morphology of the respiratory apparatus of the larva
of Tryphon vesparum Rat/.eburg, 32, 6. Weismann, A. On the
parthenogenesis of bees, Anatomischer Anzeiger, Jena, Dec. 5, 'oo.
IQOlJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEV.'S. 6l
Doings of Societies.
The twelfth regular meeting of the Harris Club was held at
36 Court Street, on Friday evening, December 21, 1900, Mr.
Newcomb presiding. A most interesting paper on hybrid
Lepidoptera, contributed by Miss Emily L. Morton, of New-
burg, N. Y., was read by the Secretary. Specimens of hybrids
were shown by Messrs. L,ow, Field and Newcomb, and the
latter spoke at some length on the subject of hybridity. It was
voted to resume discussion of this subject at the next meeting.
Some interesting notes sent in by members of the Montreal
branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario were then read.
The meeting closed with the unanimous election of Miss
Morton to honorary membership W. L. W. FIELD, Secrctarv.
At the December meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social,
held at the residence of Mr H. W. Wenzel, 1523 South i3th
Street, fifteen persons were present.
Mr. P. Laurent referred to a former communication on damage
to cabbages by the supposed larvae of Pieris raptz, but more re-
cent observations had shown that possibly the damage was due
to larvae of Plus/a brassicff.
Mr. vSchwar/ spoke of recent investigations on the Blasto-
phoga in connection with the fig industry of California. A
considerable crop of Smyrna figs had been produced and the
experiments were in every way successful. The Blastophaga
cannot develop in flowers of the female fig, but live on those of
the male tree. The fertilization of the fig was described : ' ' The
insects emerge from the male figs in March, and deposit their
eggs in a new generation of male flowers which shortly have
an abundance of pollen which covers the insects. At this
period the female flowers are ready for reception of pollen
which is carried therein by the insects in their efforts at ovipo-
sition." Photographs of the operation were shown.
Owing to climatic differences at Fresno and Niles, four gen-
erations of the insect occurred at the former place and but two
at the latter in one season. The insect was introduced from
Europe in 1899 by the U. S. Dep. Agric., prior to which time
the California tree owners apparently did not know that it was
necessary for the fertilization of the figs.
62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
Prof. Smith spoke of the great value accruing from the in-
troduction of the fig insect into California, and referred to it
as an example of the good work being done by economic ento-
mologists in this country.
Mr. Schwarz stated that the Smyrna figs could not be dried
in the Eastern and Southern States, and only portions of Cali-
fornia are propitious for its cultivation. The figs must dry on
the trees and are harvested when fallen to the ground. He
believed the Colorado desert to be an ideal country for the cul-
tivation of the tree.
Mr. Ashmead stated that the fig insect although known for
centuries was not described until 1820. Their position in the
Chalcididse had been demonstrated by Westwood. He had now
nearly all the described species and many new ones in his collec-
tion. The structure of the insects was dwelt on, they are re-
markable for having a saw-like appendage to the palpi or mandi-
bles except in two genera. The sexes had not been correlated
until recenth- owing to differences in structure. Figures of
both sexes were shown. The Torymidse were formerly classed
with these insects but have since been shown to be distinct,
being either true parasites or inquilines.
In reply to Dr. Skinner, Mr. Ashmead said there are known
about thirteen genera and forty or fifty species of fig insects,
but many are yet undescribed.
The subject was further discussed by Messrs. Smith, Skinner,
Schwarz, Ashmead.
Dr. Skinner asked whether this fertilization was a case of
design in nature or one of natural selection.
Prof. Smith believed it a case of natural selection. He ad-
mitted apparent design in nature but believed it due to the
adaptation of various forms of life to one another.
The advisability of naming forms which intergrade for so-
called convenience, was discussed by Messrs. Ashmead, Skin-
ner, Johnson and Schwarz.
Dr. Skinner referred to a specimen of Coleopterous larva six
inches long recently received from Pecos, Texas. Mr. Schwur/
suggested that it belonged to a longicorn, Mallodo>i.
Mr. Schwarz exhibited a specimen of the European Platynns
albipcs from northeastern Maine, a species new to the I". S.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63
fauna. He predicted that other interesting forms would be
reported from the same region. \VirjjAM J. Fox,
A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural vSciences of Philadel])hia was held December 27. [900,
Mr. Philip Laurent, Director, presiding. Fifteen persons were
present. The following officers were elected to serve for the
coming year : Director, Philip Laurent ; Vice-Director, H. \V.
Wenzel ; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson ; Recorder, Henry Skinner,
M.D. ; Conservator, Henry Skinner, M.D. ; Secretary, C. \Y.
Johnson. HKNRV SKIXXKK, A't-<vrJcr.
A meeting of the American Entomological .Society was held
December 27, 1900, Dr. P. P. Calvert, President, in the chair.
Fifteen persons were present. The various reports of the
officers were read. The President announced the death of
Baron Michel Edmond de Selys-Longchamps, a Correspondent
of the Society, at Liege, Belgium, in his 87th year, and Dr.
Otto Staudinger of Blasewitz, Dresden, a Correspondent, who
died October i^th at Lucerne. Mr. H. \V. "\Yen/el presented
specimens of - IX/I-I/HS bnoincus. Mr. C. Schaeffer presented a
species of Panurg-ns, new to the collection. The following
were elected to serve as officers for the coming year : Presi-
dent, P. P. Calvert, Ph. D. ; Yice-President, H. \V. \Yenzel ;
Treasurer, E. T. Cresson ; Recording Secretary, Henry Skin-
ner, M.D. ; Corresponding Secretary, C. \\'. Johnson ; Curator,
Henry Skinner, M.D. ; Librarian, \Ym. J. Fox.
HKNKV SKIXXKR, Scnrtarv.
Eleven members attended the regular meeting of the Newark
Entomological Society on January i^th, President Buchhol/ in
the chair. Visitors Messrs. Holterman and Bechmann.
Mr. Buchhol/ exhibited specimens of . //r/W S-ntaculata and
A. langtonii , which he had raised from the same brood of larvae.
Those which emerged the same season were ' /W<//<v///, "
whereas those which hybernated were all " S-tnaculatu .' ' Prof.
Smith said he had obtained only ./. X-Diacnlata from a mid-
summer brood, and that in some localities " lan^/oi/// ' was
the only local form. Mr. Ronke exhibited the type of /'(i/>/7/\>
turnus ab-fletcherii also a beautiful specimen &i Chrysophanus
64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [February,
hvpophi'lcas, which has the ordinary coppery hue of the fore
wings almost entirely supplanted by a silvery lustre.
Prof. Smith described an aberration which he had seen. It
was reared amongst a large brood of larvae of Papilio phi/enor,
and corresponded closely in markings to Papilio astcrias ab-
calrcrlevi. He also suggested that "a very interesting and in-
structive experiment might be made by rearing a large number
of larvae of \ r anessa antiopa, or other common species. He
thought that oddities might be produced by placing the pupae
in cold storage for different lengths of time, and, by carefully
noting the results from each lot differently treated, some very
desirable knowledge, and, incidentally, some very odd imagoes
would probably reward the experimenter for his work. Also
by occasionally shaking up some of the pupae, otherwise nor-
mally treated, still other odd features might be produced.
Mr. Herpers exhibited a very interesting sphingid, caught
by him in Florida, which no one present would venture to iden-
tify with certainty. Prof. Smith thought it might be a hybrid
Smerinthus geminatus --myops. Messrs. Holterman and An-
gelman each brought a small but interesting collection of Noc-
tuids. Mr. Bischoff reported the capture of Psclaphus longi-
cla-ca and Meloe amcricana, hybernating under stones, at Irving-
ton, N. J., December 3oth.
Prof. Smith spoke of some hickory twigs sent to him from
two localities in New Jersey. They had been girdled by On-
fidcrcs cingnlatus. No trace of deposition of eggs, nor evidence
of larvae could be observed, but he had seen evidence of the
presence of Cicada ij-dcccm on some of them. Further dis-
cussed by Messrs. Stortz, Bischoff and Angelman.
Mr. Angelman stated that Zeuzera pyrina is not as abundant
in Newark as formerly. Prof. Smith reported its appearance
in New Brunswick, N. J., this year.
Mr. Wm. Holterman w 7 as proposed by Mr. Angelman and
unanimously elected a member of the Society. An invitation
was cordially accepted by the Society from Mr. I'.uchholx. to
hold a special meeting at his house on Sunday, February 3d.
Subjects of special interest to individual members were made
the order of the day for the next regular meeting.
S. T. KKMI-. Secretary.
ENT. NEWS, VOL. XII.
PI. III.
EXTERNUS PRATERNUS
ANTENNA
LATERAL & MEDIAN
EXTERNUS
CRA5SU5
FRATERNUS
17
EXTERNU5
CRASSUS
(E
GOMPHUS.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OE THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
VOL. XII. MARCH, 1901. No.
CONTENTS:
Calvert On Gomphus fraternus, ex- Robertson Synonymy of Prosopis. ... 77
turnus and crassus (Odonata) 65 Foster Results of Breeding Moths of
Cockerell A New Andrena from Call- the Genus Haploa Hiibner
fornia 74 Editorial 84
Wenzel The Coleoptera found in a Entomological Literature 85
Barn 75 Notes and News 89
Davis Cecropia Cocoons 76 Doings of Societies 92
On Gomphus fraternus, externus and crassus
(Order Odonata).
By PHILIP P. CALVERT.
Some time ago, when some western Gomphi were submitted
to me for identification, I had considerable difficulty in deter-
mining them. Correspondence with Messrs. Williamson, Hine,
Adams and \Veith ensued, resulting in generous offers on their
part to place their material related to (r. frafcnn/x Say, at my
disposition for study. I thankfully accepted, since the chief
obstacle, in wr way at least, was lack of material. As the out-
come of careful comparative study, I have the following notes
to present, which, I am led to think, may be of use to others
beside myself. Of the three closely related species, whose
names stand at the head of this article, I have examined the
following individuals :
(i. /nitcni/is Say, 19 17 9 ; <i. externus Selys, 4 & 69:
G. crassus Hagen, 20 3 9 .
The differences between these three species are as follows ;
they are arranged, approximately, in order from the lea-t
variable to the more variable.
66
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[March,
i. J" Superior ap-
pendages viewed
from above
2.
3. $ Superior ap-
pendages, profile
view, upper edge
4. Lower edge ta-
pering to apex in
its
5. cf Sup. apps.
viewed obliquely
from above at 45
with the horizontal
plane
Fraternits.
more divergent, the
interval between
their tips greater
than the length of
one appendage,
inner edge of each
appendage dis-
tinctly concave,
outer side distinctly
convex.
distinctly convex
(fig. 1 6).
apical third, a small
tubercle on the
lower edge where
the tapering begins,
at which point the
appendage is hard-
ly thicker than else-
where in its post-
basal portion (fig.
16).
showing no tuber-
cle on the basal side
of the one men-
tioned above.
Externus.
less divergent, the
interval between
their tips about
equal to the length
of one appendage,
inner and outer
edges of each ap-
pendage almost
straight (fig. 17).
almost straight (fig.
14).
apical half, a small
tubercle (a, fig. 14)
on the lower edge
immediately before
the e.vtreme tip, the
appendage distinct-
ly thicker where the
lower edge begins
to taper than at any
other point in its
postbasal portion,
(like frafei'Hits},
(fig. 12).
Crassus.
more divergent, the
interval between
their tips greater
than the length of
one appendage,
inner edge of each
appendage slightly
concave, outer
edge a n g u 1 a t e ,
forming two un-
equal limbs meet-
ing at an obtuse
angle at ;-! the length
of the appendage
(fig. 18).
distinctly convex
(fig. 15).
apical sixth, a small
tubercle (a, fig. 15)
on the lower edge
where the tapering
begins, at which
point the appen-
dage is not as thick
as in the proximal
portion.
showing an obtuse
tubercle * (b, fig.
13) on the external
surface, to the ba-
sal side of the tu-
bercle a above men-
tioned, from which
it is separated by a
distinct concave
edge whose length
is ,'-i of the length
of the appendage.
* This tubercle is the termination of a carina extending along the outer surface
of the appendage almost from the base (compare fig. 15), and is the cause of the
angulation of the outer edge of the superior appendage seen in dorsal view as
shown also in fig. 18. The carina exists in /rate-runs and e.vtennix, but is less
marked and does not end in a tubercle.
I 9 0l]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
6 7
6. $ Branches of
the inferior append-
age
7. J> Undivided
basal part of inf.
app. when viewed
from below
8. t The two
branches of the vul-
va r lamina
9. Third femora
10. S ? Dark
stripe on the first
lateral thoracic su-
ture
11. Vertex
/'niternus.
slightly more diver-
gent than the supe-
riors by a distance
on each side ap-
proximately equal
to the width of the
branch at its apex.
with an almost
straight edge be-
tween the two bran-
ches, this edge
twice as long as
either branch.
contiguous in their
basal half, curved
away from each
other in the apical
half so that the
lateral margins of
the two tips di-
verge at 60-90 (fig.
3)-
with an external
(anterior) yellow
stripe on the basal
three-fifths,
widely interrupted.
with a spine behind
each lateral ocel-
lus.
Extemus.
much more diver-
gent than the supe-
riors by a distance
on each side ap-
proximately equal
to three times the
width of the branch
at its apex (fig. 17).
with an almost
straight edge be-
tween the two bran-
ches, this edge four
times as long as
either branch (fig.
I?)-
contiguous in their
basal two-thirds,
lateral margins of
the two tips almost
parallel (fig. 2).
Crassus,
very slightly more
divergent than the
superiors by a dis-
tance on each side
less than the width
of a branch at its
apex (fig. 18).
forming part of an
almost semi circu-
lar curve extending
from the tip of one
branch to the tip of
the other (fig. 18).
not contiguous, lat-
eral margins of the
two tips divergent
at 60 (fig. i).
no external yellow with an external
stripe. yellow stripe.
not interrupted. interrupted.
12. 1 V Superior
surface of the tibia-
black.
with a yellowish
spine (arising from
either end of the
transverse ridge i
behind each lateral
ocellus (?'. e., not on
the shortest line
between the ocel-
lus and the eye)
(fig. 4).
black, with a pale
yellow stripe.
with a brown spine
arising a short dis-
tance away from
the transverse
ridge, so as to lie
between each lat-
eral ocellus and the
eye (/. e., on the
shortest line be-
tween these two
parts), (fig. 5).
black.
68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
Pausing now to discuss these differences,
I have not found any variations in the statements for characters numbered
1 to 5 ; this, of course, is merely another way of stating that I have taken
the superior appendages as the chief specific characters, a course which I
believe is fully justified by the material studied.
For No. 6, one male fraternus, Ind., had the divergence greater,
although not as great as in e.i'fertms, thus representing a variation of 5 ' ,
while two males crassus, Ohio, had the divergence no greater than that
of the superiors (10'^ ).
No. 7 : the edge but very slightly longer than either branch i ^frater-
nus, Ark. (5 f / f ).
No. 8 : in i 9 fraternus. Ark., not quite contiguous (6'v ); 10 9 9 fra-
ternus have the angle of divergence of the tips 90, 799, mostly Ind.,
about 60; for externus i 9, 111.?, is distinctly like fraternus with the
angle of divergence 90, i 9* has the tips slightly divergent at about 60.
No, 9. fraternus: absent i9, Ark., only a trace present i 9. Ohio,
extends to basal three-fourths i 9, HI. ; well developed in i 9 e.vtenius*
No. 10 : not interrupted in 5 fraternus (3 r 71 Ohio, Ind., III., i o 7 i
Ark.) (13 '' f ), interrupted in i 9 e-\'ft'riins % , barely interrupted i ,^ cmssns,
Ohio.
No. n. Fraternus: i 9 Ind., i 9 Ark. spines absent, i 2 Ind. spine
absent on right side, rudimentary on left (total \~i l / 2 '</ ); marked difference
in length of right and left spines i 9 Ohio ; spines black in 8 9, yellow in
2 9 111.
No. 12 : a yellow stripe or line in 7 fraternus (i8'/ ), viz. : on the basal
third of ist and 2nd, basal fourth of 3rd tibiae, 3 $, 111., Ind.; on the basal
fifth of 3rd tibire only 2 $ 111., i 9 Ohio ; on basal half of all tibise, i ^
111. In e.rter/ius this stripe may be almost as long as the tibue, 3 9 HI. ;
or on the basal two-thirds of the ist, basal half of 2nd and 3rd, i o 7 ' i 9
111., i 9 Tex.; or on the basal half of the ist tibiae, basal third of 2nd and
3rd, 3 ^ 111.; or on the basal half of 3rd tibiae only, i 9-~"~
The differences between these three species which have thus
far been considered are subject at the most to a variation of 20
per cent, and can, therefore, be considered specific, although to
varying degrees. I have also compared these three species a>
regards a number of other structural and colorational differences
This female, which I have included in c.vtcnnis because it agrees in
characters Nos. n and 12, occupies quite an intermediate position since
it has character 8 like both e.\~fernns and fraternus, 9 as in 'fraternus and
10 as in crassus. It was marked as having been taken in copula with a
? which I unhesitatingly name fraleriins ; the locality is probably Illinois,
the date June 29, 1895. I think it quite likely that this female may be a
hybrid.
I90l] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69
in which, however, the variability is much greater. These also
are arranged, approximately, in the order of from less to greater
variability.
<?. Differences in which the variation is less than 50 per cent.
in any one of the three species.
1 3. -:' . ) 'C//OTI ' basa/ mid-dorsal spot on the seventh abdominal segment :
one-half as long as the segment in \$fralcrnus (two-fifths i (j\ three-fifths
2 (j\ two-thirds 2 tf\ three fourths i r^ == 31 '/ ) ; three-fourths as long as
the segment in e.vternus ; one-half as long as the segment in 18 crass us
(two-fifths i fj', continued as a narrow line to apex i tf == io'/r ).
14. Q. Inferior surface of the second femora : blackish with a pale
green stripe in \\ fraternus (no stripe 6 9 =34^ ) ; black or dark brown
in 5 e.vternus (pale green i 9 : = i6 2 s''' ) ; pale green in 3 crassus.
15. $ 9- Tenth abdominal segment : with no mid-dorsal yellow in 21
fraternus (trace of a spot 2 ^ 2 9 . a very small spot i $ 8 9 , a large spot
i rf i 9) total 39 V) ; with a mid-dorsal yellow spot almost as long as the
segment in 9 e.vternus (half as long i 9 : = I0 ''')', with a mid-dorsal yellow
line (20 rT) or rounded spot (39) i' 1 crassus.
16. (5\ Seventh abdominal segment : with no apical lateral yellow spot
in \oy 2 fraternus (present in 8j <$ =44'^) ; the same present in 10 e.v-
ternus; the same present, but very small in iS}4 crassus (absent in ij^ =
I-
b. Differences in which the variation is 50 per cent, or more
in one or more of the three species.
17. C? 9- Ninth abdominal segment with no mid-dorsal yellow spot or
band in 20 fraternus (with an extremely small isolated basal yellow spot
i (^ 2 9 > a small spot in basal sixth i $ i 9 , an ill-defined streak in basal
half i ^ 6 9, an ill-defined cloud in middle two-fourths 2 cT, an ill-defined
stripe nearly as long as the segment i 9, a distinct band as long as the
segment i rp, total 42 '/ ). With a mid-dorsal yellow band as long as the
segment and as wide as the spot on 8 in 5 e.vtennts (four-fifths as long as
the segment, not reaching the base in i $ i 9. reaching neither base nor
apex 2 9, one-half as long as the segment i 9. total 50'^ ). With a mid-
dorsal spot as long as the segment in 12 crassus (four-fifths as long 6 $
, . three-fourths as long i J\ two-thirds as long 3 rj total 44', in which,
moreover, the spot does not reach either base or apex).
18. . . Hind margin of the ucciput with three successive convexities in its
middle and two lateral thirds, the middle convexity angular but not sharply
so, in S fraternus (Fig. 8) (these three convexities similar to each other in
3 9' 1"-. I'ig- 9 ; the median convexity replaced by a more or less pointed
tubercle in 5 * Ohio, Ind., Figs. 6, 7 ; no median convexity but a con-
cavity instead i $ Ark. total 53', . Very variable in e.vternus; iQ 111.,
70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
Neb., have it almost straight in either lateral third, convex in the middle
third ; in i ? similar, but the middle convexity with a slight but distinct
median emargination, Fig. 10 ; forming three slight convexities in its three-
thirds respectively i 9 ; slightly convex as a whole but with a distinct me-
dian notch i 9 Tex. ; almost straight i ? . In 3 9 crassns, slightly convex
in either lateral fourth, concave in the middle two-fourths, Fig. n.
19. 9- JSasal mid-dorsal yellon' spot on eighth abdominal segment.
One-third as long as the segment in S 9 fraternus (one-fourth in 3 9 ,
one-sixth i 9, two-fifths 5 9 total 53 '/,). Two-thirds as long as the
segment 2 9 e.vternus, one-half 2 9 IH., Tex., two-fifths 2 9, 111., Neb.
Two-fifths as long as the segment 2 9 crassus, one-half i 9
20. cf'. Sasa/ mid-dorsal yellou- spot on eighth abdominal segment.
One-third as long as the segment in 8 fraternus (one-fourth in 8 {,
two-fifths in 3 r? total 57 % ) ; one-half as long in 4 ^ c.vternus ; one-
third as long in 15 o 7 ' crassns (two-fifths in 3 -f 1 , one-half in i <j\ one-
quarter in i ^ total 25 'r ).
21. 9. Apical lateral yellow on seventh abdominal segment. Absent
in 6 9 fraternus (very small in 6 9 , distinct in 5 9 total 65 '/ ) ; present
in 6 9 c.vtcrnus ; small but present in 3 9 crassns.
Finally, to record some other observations made at the same time, it
may be stated that very little difference was found in the shape of the
hind margin of the occiput in the males of these three species, as it is
convex in all three, the degree of convexity varying slightly, or a slight
flattening being observable in the middle. The coloring of the hind lobe
of the prothorax is too variable to be considered as a specific difference.
The color of the dark bands of the thorax, as brown or black, depends
on less or greater age, respectively, in each of these three species. I
attempted to tabulate the length of the superior appendages of the males
in terms of the length of the tenth segment, but the degree of protrusion
varies in different individuals' at the time of death, and this caused the
attempt to be given up. The basal mid-dorsal yellow spot on the seventh
abdominal segment of the females is very similar in all three species,
being almost as long as the segment and tapering posteriorly, in most
individuals. The lower surface of the first femora is pale green in both
sexes of all three species, of the second and third femora of the males of
all three species blackish.
The male fraternus from Arkansas, above noted as varying in charac-
ter No. 7, has the side of the thorax, between the first and second lateral
sutures, filled solidly with pale brown, while the yellow line which ordi-
narily separates the antehumeral brown from the posthumeral brown is
almost completely obliterated. A female fraternus from Arkansas (see
above under No. 8) is like the Arkansan male in these respects ; it also
has the antehumeral yellow stripe narrower, not as wide as the adjacent
half of the mid-dorsal brown band, the reverse being the case in most
fraternus this female has the abdomen 34 mm. long, the hind wing 7:
mm.
I90l] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7 1
Following is the bibliography and synonymy of these species :
Gomphus fraternus Say.
Aeshna fratcrna Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, p. 16. 1839.
G. fraternus Selys, Syn. Gomph., p. 28 (Bull. Ac. Belg., xxi, pt. ii, p.
47-) 1854.
(>'. fraternus Selys, Monog. Gomph., p. 125, pi. 7, f. 4. 1858.
G '. f rater mis Walsh, Proc. Ent- Soc. Phila., ii, p. 238. 1863.
G. fraternus Kellicott, Dragonf. Ohio, p. 59. 1899.
G. fratennts Williamson, 24th Rep. State Geol. Ind. p. 289, 1900,
pi. vi, figs. 8, 9. 30.
Say, /. c., applied the term " terminal segment " to the ninth abdomi-
nal segment, as is evident from his statement that the yellow spot on the
terminal segment occupies all the side thereof and is conspicuous. His
type had yellow dorsal spots on 7 and 8 but not on 9. He says indeed
that the dorsal yellowish line exhibits "a spot only on two of the dilated
segments," but when this is so in our Gomphime it is the last of three
dilated segments, / <'. the ninth, which is unspotted. Walsh says, /. c.,
p. 240, that Say described a yellow dorsal vitta on 9 and a small median
dorsal yellow spot on 10, but I cannot find anything to this effect in Say's
description.
The material of fratcnnts which I have studied is as follows :
i $ Columbus, Ohio, May 19, 1899; 6 $ 6 9 Sandusky,
Ohio, June 25, 1896, and from June 14 to July 12, 1899 ; 4 $
St. Mary's River, Fort \Yayne, Indiana, June 26, 1898 ; 3 <?
7 9 Elkhart, Indiana, May 15-27, 1900; 2 $ June 29, 1895,
and i 9 May 9, 1896, Illinois (special locality not given i :
i 9 Kankakee, July 6, 1892, i 9 Dixon, July 12, i $ Belvi-
dere, July 14, i88S, all in Illinois; i $ Michigan, June 23,
1899; i $ Upper Jemmy's Creek, May 17, 1897, and i 9
White R'iver, June 10, 1897, both in Arkansas.
Gomphus externus Selys.
(i. f.vteniiis Selys, Mon. Gomph., p. 411, pi. 21, fig. 2. 1858.
(N. B. The female is said to have " pieds comme chez le male,"
while the male's femora are said to have " une bande, externe mal
arrete aux autres [femora than the ist and 2nd]. This is a character
more like crassiis ; so also is fig. 2 //, of the vulvar lamina, more like
crassus. On the other hand, chars, jo and 12 of our <M ti -runs agree
with this description and not with those of crassus).
(,'. I'.vtenins Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii, p. 540. 1859. (Since
this description is practically only an abridgment of that of the Muimgr.
the remark above made concerning the vulvar lamina applies here also).
(i. f.vterints Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xlvi, p. 452. 1878. (Cti-
sobri nits is placed as a synonym.)
7 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
G. frafcnms 9 Walsh, Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1862, p. 393 (compare
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., ii, p. 239. 1863).
G. coiisohi-inus Walsh. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., ii, p. 242. 1863.
G. consobrinns Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xxviii, p. 178. 1869.
(The remark concerning the vulvar lamina " les pointes divari-
quees a angle droit " may refer to the divergence between the inner
(mesal) margins of the two lobes).
I have studied the following material : 4 $ 2 9 Havana,
Illinois, June, 1896 and July 9, 10, 1897 ; 2 9 Illinois June 29,
1895 and 1896; i 9 Greenwood, Nebraska; i 9 Texas.
De Selys, /. c., 1X78, gave the following distribution for thi>
species : New Mexico, Texas, Nebraska, Illinois.
Gomphus crassus Hagen,
G. crassus Hagen, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xlvi, p. 453, 1878.
G. crassus Williamson, 24th Rep. State Geol. Indiana, p. 288. 1900.
G.fratcrnns var. U'a/s/iii Kellicott, Jour. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
xviii, p. 107. 1896.
G. c.rternns Kellicott, Dragonflies of Ohio, p. 60, 1899.
G. c.vfcnms Williamson, 24th Rep. State Geol. Indiana, p. 289, 1900.
PI. vi, figs. 2, 10, 3i. :; '
My present material of crass its has been : 12 $ Georgeville,
Ohio, June 4, 1899; 6 $ 3 9 Columbus, Ohio, May 20 to
June i, 1895-6-7-9; 2 $ Bluff ton, Wabash River, Indiana,
June 22, 1898. Hagen's'type came from Kentucky.
CONCLUSIONS.
From the preceding data it appears, for these three species :
1. That the chief specific character (/. e. the least variable
difference between these three species) is to be found in the
shape of the superior appendages of the males. .
2. That every female character, and every character common
to both sexes, by which these species are distinguished from
each other, is more variable than are the superior appendages
of the males.
3. Walsh's remark t that the Illinois species of Complins
seem to have the appendages of the males " nearly as uniform
as a set of castings from the same foundry and the same
* G: cornntus Tough, Occas. Mem. Chicago Ent. Soc., i, p. 17, 1900,
does not belong to any of these three species, and his suggestion, p. 18,
that it may be the rf 1 of crassus is not realized.
t Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila, ii, p. 239, 1863.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73
mould," seems to hold true for these three species, but his
statement* as to the specific value of minute differences of
coloration and its constancy must evidently be modified in
view of the variations above detailed.
4. The shape of the hind margin of the occiput of the females,
far from being a constant differential, is very variable, although
the opposite view has usually been held for (iomp/ius on the
other hand the same margin in the males is nearly alike in all
three species.
5. The possibility of the modification of these results by the
study of material from other localities must not be forgotten ;
such study is very desirable.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.
Fig. i. Vulvar lamina G. crassus 9 Columbus, Ohio, June i, 1896.
Fig. 2. Id. G. e.vternits 9 Havana, 111.
Fig. 3. Id. G. fratentus $ Kankakee, III., July 6, 1892.
Fig. 4. Part of the left half of the vertex, dorsal view, G. e.vternus 9
of fig. 2.
Fig. 5. Id. G. crassus 9 of fig. i.
Fig. 6. Occiput G.fratcrmts 9 Sandusky, Ohio, July 10, 1899.
Fig. 7. " " 9 " " " 9, "
Fig. 8. 9 il ID,
Fig. 9. 9 Dixon, 111., July 12.
Fig. 10. " G. e.i-lernus 9 Havana, 111., July 10, 1897.
Fig. ii. " G. crassus 9 of fig. i.
Fig. 12. Right superior appendage, viewed obliquely from above and
from the outer side, at 45 with the horizontal plane, G. e.r/cnuts cf ,
Havana, 111., July 9, 1897.
Fig. 13. Id. G. crassus (j\ Georgeville, Ohio, June 4, 1899.
Fig. 14. Right superior appendage, profile view, outer side, G.e.rfernus
$ Of fig. 12.
Fig. 15. Id. G. crassus ^ of fig. 13. a, b, in figs. 12-15, tubercles.
Fig. 16. Id. G.fraternus $ Sandusky, Ohio, June 15, 1899.
Fig. 17. Apex of abdomen, ventral view, G. c.vfermis $ of fig. 12.
5, s\ sternites of eleventh abdominal segment ; sp superior appendages ;
/ inferior appendage (tergum of eleventh abdominal segment.)
Fig. 18 Id. crassHS tf of fig. 13. s, s', /, as in fig. 17. The superior
appendages of this male are indicated by the line - - - . The line
- shows the superior appendages of another male from the
same locality, same date.
* L. c., p. 238.
74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
A New Andrena from California.
By T. D. A. COCKERELL.
Andrena knutllina n. sp. ? about 8 l / 2 mm. long, <$ about 8 mm.; black
with pale pubescence ; face black in both sexes. Its place in the genus
may be understood by the following table :
Abdomen partly or wholly rufous . . erythrogastra, mariae, etc.
Abdomen black or dark brown, at most pale-banded . . i.
1. Pubescence black . nigerrima, porterae, nigra.
Pubescence at least partly pale
2. Face partly yellow or white, pulchella, aliciarum, cressoni, etc. (males. )
Face wholly black, at least in 9 (pulchella alone has light-face marks
in the 9.) . ...
3. Pubescence of thorax bright ferruginous, wings very dark at apex.
vulpicolar.
Not so ... 4.
4. Hair at apex of 9 abdomen black or nearly so . . 5.
Hair at apex of 9 abdomen pale kincaidii, helianthi, etc., etc.
5. Pubescence of thoracic dorsum bright ferruginous, halli, chromotricha
Pubescence of thoracic dorsum not ferruginous* . . . 6.
6. Abdomen black without hair bands . . . vicinia, erraiis.
Abdomen with interrupted hair-bands
Abdomen with continuous bands on all the segments.
americana, electrica, apacheorum.
7. Abdomen very distinctly punctate . . . prunifloris.
Abdomen tessellate and hardly or not punctare
8. Basal process of labrum in 9 long, rounded, shaped like the end of a
ringer ; hair of thoracic dorsum strongly tinged with ferrugi-
nous. . . macgillivrayi.
Basal process of labrum in 9 broad, truncate-emarginate ; hair of tho-
racic dorsum brownish-white ; nervures piceous, stigma pale
brown marginal with piceous ; ^ antennas wholly black, knuthiana, n. sp.
The hair at the apex of the abdomen in A. knnthiaiui is sooty.
a kind of dark purplish-grey. The insect was collected by the
late Dr. Paul Knuth at Berkeley, Cal., Oct. 6, 1899; the $
frequented flowers of Dancits carota. The specimens were sent
to by Mr. Alfken, to whom I transmitted a description, which
will, I suppose, be published in the last volume of " I'.lutenbi-
ologie." It seems desirable, however, to indicate the affinities
of the species in an American journal.
* However, in macgillivrayi, it is really a sort of pale ferruginous ; in
fimbriala (aincricaua} it is yellow.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75
The Coleoptera Found in a Barn.
By H. \V. \VKNZKL, Philadelphia.
The following list is the result of an experiment made during'
the month of May, 1900, with the object of determining the
Coleopterous fauna of an old barn. The building from which
the material was collected stands in the lower section of our
city, is an old wooden structure parti}' wrecked by age and no
longer in use for storing products.
The usual species infesting stored grain were not found, with
the exception of the large Tenebrionid, '/'t'/nbn'o molitor, which
was in the pupa state in large numbers on May 2jth, changing
into the imago a few days later. All species of Histeridse were
taken under pieces of rotten wood covered by deep layers of
damp refuse. Probably the habits of these species account for
their scarcity in collections.
The Latridiidge and Trogositidae were all sieved from dry
accumulated old hay and grain dust.
The Ptinidae were found in a small annex formerly used for
cattle. The ground was a hard dried out conglomeration of
manure and dirt, almost like turf ; at first but few specimens
were found in it, but finally, by beating or thumping the ground.
both species mentioned below appeared in great numbers.
Only species of which I have no doubt as inhabiting such
places and which were found mostly in numbers are placed in
this list. Several species of Carabidce were found, but only in
single numbers ; as they are probably accidentals they are
omitted.
The following is an enumeration of the species found :
Microglossa s|>., common in clamp places.
Xantholinus gularis Lee., common with above sp.
()/<>/)/in<in <>h/cc/uni Er., several examples. This species I have fre-
quently found in the immediate vicinity in low meadows. Other minute
species of Staphylinicke were taken which I am unable to determine.
Ftenidinm evaiiesceiis Marsh, common, sieved from damp refuse.
Sericoderus flavidus Lee., common, sieved from dry old hay.
Mycetcea liiiia Marsh, very common everywhere.
. \glenusbrunneus Gyll., common ; an interesting blind spccio.
Silraims aih'cna Wattl., very common.
Typhcea fumata Linn., common in damp refuse.
76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
Triphyllus sp. , several examples.
Cryptophagus croceus Zimm. ? common.
sp.
sp.
Dendrop/ii/iix punctulatus Say, common.
Paromalus conjunctus Say, common.
Paromalus ij-striatus Steph., two examples.
Saprinus placidus Er., common.
Acritus sp., several examples.
Holoparamecus ragusce Reitt., very common.
Cartodera ruficollis Marsh, very common.
Cartodera costulata Reitt., not common.
Corticaria serrata Payk., several examples.
Monotoma j-foveolata Aube, common.
Monotoma parallela Lee., not common.
Monotoma atnericana Aube, not common.
Aphodius granarius Linn., not common.
Tro.v (Zqualis Say, several examples.
Ptinus fur Linn., common.
Ptinus brunnefs Duut., common.
He.varthrum itlkei Horn, not common.
Cecropia Cocoons.
By WILLIAM T. DAVIS.
Cecropia cocoons of the " inflated" or " baggy" variety men-
tioned in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for June and December, 1900,
are to be found on numerous shrubs, but the most remarkable
specimens to be collected on Staten Island occur on the swamp
loosestrife or willow-herb (Decodon verticillatus} . This shrub
grows in the water and the cocoons have often been gathered
in winter by walking on the ice about the edges of the ponds
where the loosestrife grows. The cocoons, as a rule, are but
slightly above the level of the ice and, of course, run the risk
of inundation on occasions of very high water, and are also
liable to be eaten by mice and other enemies. Certainly the
greater number of these " inflated" cocoons are to be found at
the base of bushes, and very often the caterpillars have in-
cluded several grass stems or other nearby growth as addi-
tional supports to the cocoons. This in itself would account
for some of the largest cocoons the)- are spun loosely between
1901] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 77
several stems or leaves in addition to the main support. This
has been the observation of both Mr. Louis H. Joutel and
myself.
Several years ago I noted in the Journal of the Nc\v York
Entomological Society (March, 1897). that caterpillars show
considerable intelligence in placing their cocoons, and gave
several facts in support of the assertion. Among others it
\vas noted that Cccropia cocoons are often placed on the small
terminal branches of the white maple and other trees in a
position that would seem at first to be subject to disaster from
storms. This position was held, however, to be probably the
safest on the trees, as the cocoons placed on the large and firm
branches were easily opened by woodpeckers, and an instance
of such an attack was given. Some of the members of the
Society expressed the opinion that the caterpillars did not
guard against attacks by mice or woodpeckers, and that the
cocoons just happened to be where they were found. This
led to an inspection of the white maples near my home, and I
found 011 thirty-five trees one hundred and eighteen cocoons,
all but five of which were placed on terminal branches, many
of the branches not being larger than a lead pencil. While
the cocoons thus placed sway violently in a storm, they also
give way before the strokes of a woodpecker, and said wood-
pecker is unable under the conditions, to make a hole in the
cocoon, as I have witnessed.
Synonymy of Prosopis.
By CHARLES ROBERTSOX.
The synonymy of some species given in the ENT. NEWS.. 12,
4-9, 1901, does not represent my views, and certainly is not
correct in citing names I have used. 1 will give the synonymy
which I think is correct, and under each will give my objec-
tions to Mr. L,o veil's citations. Of course, my views are the
result of inferences based on the descriptions and not the result
of comparisons of the things described. I assume that the
authors had ordinary specimens, not exceptional ones, and that
their descriptions are correct for the things they had before
78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
them. If this is not science, it is entomology. If I distin-
guish between what I infer and what I know, I know that P.
affinis Rob. and the hypothetical /'. zizhe Rob. are the same,
and that P. modest us Rob., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 22, 116, includes
two species.
Prosopis affinis Sm.
/'. affinis Smith, B. M. Cat. Hym., i, 24, 1853, ?
P. affinis Rob., Can Ent., 28, 136, 1896, $tf.
P. ziziff Cockerell, Entomologist, Aug., 1898, J\
With the exception of the last name, which is erroneous,
Mr. Lovell's synonym}- is the same as Dalla Torre's. I have
not described any species under the name P. :/:vW\ and have
never used that name. In a paper in Bot. Gaz., 25, 234, 236,
1898, which Mr. L,ovell lias seen and largely rewritten, I use
the name P. affinis Sm. Cockerell uses the name P. zizitc be-
cause he is more doubtful about mv determination ; but as long-
-" O
as I distinguish the species by a character mentioned in Smith's
description, I feel bound to use his name.
Prosopis modesta Say.
Hyhrus modesta Say, Host. Jour., i, 392, 1837 ; Lee. Edit., 2, 771, 9,
P. affim's Smith, B. M. Cat. Hym., i, 24, 1853,
P. affinis Cresson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 12, 270, 1869, 9<j\
P. affinis Prov., Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., 727, 1882, $^.
P. modestus Cresson, Synopsis, 291, 1887.
P. modesta Rob., Can. Ent., 28, 136, 1896, 9^.
The P. affinis Rob., used in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 22, 116,
stands for the forms with spotted tegulae, and, if cited at all,
should be cited as a synonym of P. affinis Sm., as I use that
name.
Prosopis pygmaea Cress.
Hylaus modestus Say., Bost Jour., i, 392, 1837, $.
P. pygmcms Rob., Can. Ent., 28, 137, 1896, y.
MR. G. WESLEY BROWNING, of Salt Lake City, took the first prize for
a water-color picture entitled " Under the Willows," which was shown at
the annual exhibition of the Utah Art Institute. Mr. Browning says :
" Next Summer is likely to find me in the country at every opportunity,
but I shall always have a box and net handy." He is preparing a list of
the butterflies of Salt Lake City and vicinity which will be published in
the NEWS.
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79
Some Results of Breeding Moths of the Genus
Haploa Hubner.
By FRANK H. FOSTKK, Claremout, N. H.
The task of systematists in classifying the moths associated
tinder this genus has been an unusually difficult one, owing to
the \vide variability among the images of nearly all the recog-
ni/ed species and the absence, so far as known, of any constant
structural differences.
Mr. A. R. Grote's remarks upon this genus* called forth by
Mr. Lynian's article and plate in October, i.SSj, number of
Canadian Entomologist seem so eminently pertinent that I
quote them here in part.
"It will be no question with the derivatists that these forms
are all descended from a single species. The test by breeding
from the egg must now decide whether these forms have each
an independent cycle of its own or are interdependent still.
'The test for species remains to be applied to them. As yet
we can only compliment Mr. Lyman's tact in sorting the moths.
I had the opportunity of examing a lot of clynicnc taken in the
vicinity of Buffalo, and I came to the conclusion that it was
possible that the yellow and white forms are yet interchangable.
Like Data>ia and IJcmilciica, Calliniorpha ( synonymous
with Ifap/oa ) is an example of a generic group in which the
species or forms are more nearly related than usual and is thus
one of those assemblages which I have called /'tvgrucric."
The tendency has been for later and fuller knowledge to re-
duce the number of forms entitled to specific rank. Thus
Lyman in iSSj (Can. Ent., Vol. XIX. pp. 190-191) gives
eight species and two varieties.
Smith in same year (Can. Ent., Vol. XIX, pp. 2^-239 )
gives nine species and one variety Xeiimoegen and Dyar in
X 895 (Journal of Xew York Entoni. Society, September. 1^03,
pp. i^S-iGi I give eight species and four varieties
Dr. Dyar's present classification, as stated in a recent letter
Can. Pint., Feb., 1888. Vol. xx, pp. 39-40.
8o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
to the writer, and by permission referred to, is five species and
twelve varieties, viz. :
1. Ilaploa clynicnc Brown.
2. colon a Hubner.
a. rcrcrsa Stretch.
b. co use/ fa ( = lacfata.
c. fiilricosta Clemens.
d. triangularis .
3. Iccontci Gtter.
a. m Hi tar is Harris.
b. confinis Walker.
c. harrisii n. var. , Dyar MS.
d. dyarii Merrick.
e. vcstalis Packard.
f. stnitliii n. var., Dyar MS.
4. conjusa I y yman.
a. lywani n. var., Dyar MS.
5. " contigna Walker.
a. lunibonio-cra n. var., Fitch MS.
The mature larvae of several of the forms are known, and the
breeding of images from larvae taken at large after the winter
hibernation has been several times reported, but the writer has
been unable to learn of any form which has hitherto been bred
from the egg and the parents preserved for comparison with
their progeny.
In the hope of shedding new light upon the specific relation>
of some of the forms in this genus, I have attempted to present
below the results of my experiments in breeding them, with
some observations upon the significance to be attached to those
results. I have also taken the opportunity to present some
results of a study of the variations presented by a series of one
hundred moths, all of which are the images of larvae taken
from one restricted locality, near Claremont, X. H., or the de-
scendents in the first generation of such larvae.
My attention was first directed to this group in the summer
of 1898 by my friend Mr. Arthur C. Bradley, of Newport, X
H., who wrote me that he had a number of eggs laid by a cap-
tured Haploa coiij'nsa and desired to find its food plant ( Cn/o-
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Si
ofjiciualc .1 , with which he was not acquainted. I did
not then know the plant, Imt after several unavailing trips in
search of it stumbled upon it, growing- in scattered groups over
an area a few acres in extent on the bank of the Connecticut
River, near Claremont. The locality was too remote and diffi-
cult of access to permit of its being used as a base of supply ;
so I dug up a number of plants and set them in a box of earth
at home. Some of the plants examined on this and subsequent
trips to the same spot had small larvae upon them, which after-
wards proved to be llaploa. Mr. Bradley fed his larvae chiefly
upon mint, but neither his nor mine survived the winter.
Late in the autumn of 1898 I found a second colony of (>;/<>-
glossnm in a rocky pasture on the crest of a hill several miles
from the first and under quite different conditions of soil and
altitude.
The root leaves of the one-year plants ( the plant is a bien-
nial, producing only root leaves the first season) had survived
the hard frosts, and many had oval holes in them like those
made by IIaf>loa larva?, but no larvse could be found, though
search was made in the dead grass and rubbish about the roots
of the plants where the larvae might be thought to hibernate.
I resolved to visit the spot the following spring, and did >< >
in May ( 1899), when I was rewarded by finding numbers of
partly grown larvse. These I brought home, and I then had
some L'vno^losum growing in my garden from seed, I had no
difficulty in rearing them.
I thus obtained eighteen imagos, one of which, to my sur-
prise, was a clymciic. The others, though showing quite a
a range of variation, were referable to roufnsa, except one
dwarfed specimen marked like Iccoiitci var. niilitaris. I had
not observed any differences among the larva-. These imago^.
except the $ civilian , were placed on growing Cynoglossum
plants, under a netting, and a few days later an abundance of
eggs was found. One lot of about forty laid in a close group,
evidently by a single female, was removed and the larvae reared
indoors. The other eggs, laid mostly on the under surface of
the leaves, were left to hatch where they were laid, and the
tub in which the plants were growing was kept covered with
fine netting. Scores of larva- hatched, but soon all had disap-
-,*
3
82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
peared without my learning the cause, though I attributed it
to a pair of daddy-long-legs (Phalangidea) , which were, by
accident, imprisoned with the larvae. From the larvae reared
indoors I obtained in November and December ten males and
four females. No attempt was made to breed from them as it
was out of season. The higher and more even temperatures of
the house doubtless accounted for their maturing in the autumn
instead of hibernating as is their wont. In this series of four-
teen moths, presumably from the same parents, the range of
variation was distinctly narrower than in the series bred from
larvae taken at large. The only wide departure from the usual
confuse form was one male, in which the median white spot on
primaries was split up into a group of three oval spots. A
tendency toward this subdivision of the median spot was shown
by two other specimens.
This series seemed to support Mr. L/yman's statement* that
confnsa varies awaj" from and not toward lecontci ; but desiring
to obtain more conclusive results, I visited the rocky pasture
again on May 6, 1900, and secured another lot of hibernated
larvae. These, when obtained, varied a good deal in size, some
being apparently in the fourth and some in the fifth stage (the
normal number of stages is six ), but were alike to all appear-
ances in other respects.
Nearly every Cynoglossum plant, out of more than a hundred
examined, showed the characteristic oval holes in the leaves,
and about one in four furnished a larva. Occasionally two
larvae were found on one plant. The plants were scattered
singly and in groups of two or three, rarely growing in a clump.
Pretty thorough exploration of the locality showed that the
plants were confined to an area of a few acres on the top of this
hill. Thirty-nine larvae were brought home and confined in
breeding cages. In the last stage three of these larvae had a
slightly different appearance from the rest and were placed in
a cage apart. The differences noted were a somewhat stouter
body and a more hairy look, due not to a greater number or
length of hairs, but to their being lighter colored and thereby
more conspicuous. The stouter look was, perhaps, due to
their being females, as all three produced fully marked clymoic
* Can. Ent., October, 1887, p. iS 7 .
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83
imagos of that sex. Xot dreaming at the time that any doubt
could exist as to specific distinctness of clyiuoic and coufi/sa no
effort was made to pair these females with males of the white-
winged forms which emerged at abont the same time, and they
were at once killed and mounted.
( )f the white-winged moths there emerged in all five male>
and twelve females, all with white secondaries, but showing a
remarkable range in pattern of primaries, viz. :
3 $ , S 9 . These showed no very wide departure from the
usual conflict form, though several females varied toward typi-
cal Iccontci -\- in having the outer end of median white spot only
-lightly indented. Lyman (ibid. ) and vSmith ( Can. Ent., Dec.,
iSSj, p. 2371 in effect found the distinction between confusa
and Iccontci on the shape of the median white spot. Typical
Iccontci having it entire and convex on the outer margin, and
typical confusci having it deeply cleft by a spur from the brown
band that arises just within the internal angle of the wing.
i <? . ( Fig. i of Plate ) has apical, preapical and outer white
-pots partially fused. The secondaries have a slight yellow-
tinge and an unusually large brown spot near inner angle.
1 $ . The fifth (Fig 11 of Plate) was almost an exact
reproduction of Fig. 2 of Lyman's plate, which he calls typi-
cal Iccontci.
2 9 .These varied toward typical Iccontci and were much
like Fig. 12, except that outer margin of median white spot
was even less incised.
i 9- In this example the broad and median white spot-
were broadly fused, and the oblique brown band from above
internal margin to apex was entirely obsolete, and the insect
looked much like Fig. 5 of L,y man's plate, which he gives a-
variety of Iccontci. The secondaries had slight yellowish tinge
and distinct yellowish stain where the brown spot is when
present.
i 9. The fourth aberrant 9 was Fig. 2 of accompanying
plate, and differed from typical coufusa in having apical, pre-
apical and outer white spots broadly fused and a slight yellow
tinge on secondaries.
' l\\ typical h'contei I mean Fi.^s. i, 2 and 3 of Lyman's plate accom-
panying his article in Can. Ent., for October, 1887.
(To he continued.)
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at " .
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. ED.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1901.
ONE of our esteemed subscribers writes as follows : ' v I wel-
come the NEWS as of old. It is maintaining its own, and its
growth is phenomenal in every way, and can't help but be of
inestimable value to its readers. There is one feature I should
like to see strengthened, and that is news items of the active
entomologists as to what they are doing. Brief notes on the
principal publications, or any items that might be in the nature
of news, would be especially welcome. Now that I am less in
touch with the entomological centers I perhaps feel the absence
of this feature more keenly than before, but, if I mistake not,
such items would be appreciated by all, and would certainly be
in keeping with the name of the publication. Please do not
consider this as more than a suggestion, and take it for what it
is worth." The editors of the NEWS are heartily in accorc'
with this, and thoroughly agree with the writer, but, as the\
make no pretensions to being mind readers, they can't insert
such items if they are not sent to them. They feel that the
NEWS could be much improved if its readers and subscriK-r
felt a more personal interest in it. It is one thing to say what
should be and another to help see that it shall be. .Send in
your items of interest and we will do the rest.
84
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85
Entomological Literature.
COMPILED BY P. P. CALVERT.
Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North
and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contribu-
tions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, relating to Ameri-
can or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in HEAVY-FACED TYPE refer to the
journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published ; * denotes
that the paper in question contains descriptions of new North American forms. Titles of all
articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usually such articles are written
in the same language as the title of thejournal containing them, but when such articles are in
other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets.
4. The Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont. , Feb., '01. 5. Psyche,
Cambridge, Mass., Feb., 'or. 8. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine,
London, Feb., '01. 15. Biologia Centrali-Americana, part clix, Nov.,
'oo, rec'd. Feb. i, '01. 21. The Entomologist's Record, London, Jan.
:5, '01. The contents of this number are made up of a series of articles
dealing with the advances in knowledge, of the different groups of insects,
made during the nineteenth century. They are listed below under their
appropriate headings. 22. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic. 55. Le
Naturaliste, Paris, 'or. 86b. Bulletins, Socie"te" Entomologique de
France, 1899. Paris. Rec'd. Jan., '01. 87. Revue Scientifique, Paris,
'01. 89. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Jena, 'oo. 93. Rendiconti, R. Ac-
cademia dei Lincei, Rome, Dec. 16, 'oo. 121. Archives des Sciences
Physiques et Naturelles, Geneva, Dec., 'oo.
Beginning with 1901, R. Friedlander & Sohn, of Berlin, publish " Ento-
mologische Litteraturbliitter Repertorium der neuesten Arbeiten auf
dem Gesammtgebiet der Entomologie. " The contents of a given num-
ber of a journal are listed under its title, as we formerly did in the
NEWS. Twelve numbers per year are promised.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Bacot, A. W. \Veismannism
and entomology, 21. Burger, O. Reisen eines Naturforschers im
tropischen Siid-Amerika. Leipzig, Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,
1900. Pp. viii, 395. 16 full page illus.-L.aloy, L. Instinct and intelli-
^nce in insects, 55, Jan. 15. Lucas, R. [General] and Seullitz, G.
[Coleoptera]. Report on the scientific results in the field of entomology
during the year 1898, Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, Ixv, ii, 2, i Hiilfte, Berlin,
Nov., 'oo. Merri field, F. Experimental Entomology, 21 Perez,
C. On the .Metamorphosis of insects, 86b, 20, Dec. Riulow. Some
observations on insects' nests, Insekten Borse, Leipsic, Dec. 13, 'oo.
Tutt, .1. \V. Our century number [progress in entomology], 21.
Versoii, K. Contribution to cenocyte literature, 22, Dec. 31, 'oo.-
AValther, .7. Das Gesetz der Wiistenbildung in Gegenwart und Yor-
xdt. Berlin, 1900, Dietrich Reimer. Pp. xiv, 175. 50 figs. [Chap 8.
The fauna of deserts].
86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. [Artault, S.] The Platanus
and its misdeeds : a new Acarine, accidentally parasitic on man, 87, Jan.
26. Betlmne, C. J. S. Some recent work in economic entomology.
Transactions, Royal Society of Canada, (2) vi, 4, Ottawa, 1900. Fyim,
W. R. D. (Inexpensive form of trough), Sparks, C. AV. (result of
inoculation of locust swarms.) Locust destruction. Agricultural Journal,
Cape Town, Dec. 20, 1900 Galli- Valeric, B. Some observations on
the morphology of Bacterium pestis and on the transmission of the bubonic
pest by the fleas of rats and mice, fig. Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie,
Jena, Dec. 28, 'oo, Marclial, P. On Chrysomphalus ficus and minor
injurious scale insects recently imported [into France], 8Gb, 15, Oct.
Noe, G. Propagation of the blood filaria? exclusively by means of the
punctures of mosquitoes, figs., 93. Sanderson, E. L). Some plant-
lice affecting peas, clover and lettuce, i pi., 4. Smith, J. B. The role
of insects in the forest, figs. Annual Report of the [New Jersey] State
Geologist for the year 1899. Report on forests, Trenton, N. J., 1900.
Webster, F. M. Some experiments in the exportation of beneficial
insects, 4. Wilcox, E. V. Abstracts of recent publications, Experi-
ment Station Record, xii, 5, Washington, 1901.
ARACHNIDA. Cambridge, F. O. P. Arachnida Araneidea,
vol. ii, pp. 161-176, pis. xi, xii,* 15. Cambridge, O. P. Arachnida
Araneidea, vol. i, pi. xxxv, 15. Kellogg 1 , V. L. The triangle spider
in California, 5. Pocock, R. I. Arachnida. The Fauna of British
India including Ceylon and Burma. London, Taylor & Francis, 1900.
Pp. xii, 279, 89 figs. Simon, E. Note on the ovigerous cocoon of a
Sicarius of Peru, 86b, 19, Dec.
PROTOTRACHEATA. Cockerell, T. D. A. The Jamaican
species of Peripatus, Nature, London, Jan. 31, '01. Montgomery, T.
H. The spermatogenesis of Peripatus (Peritopsis] balfouri up to the
formation of the spermatid, 7 pis., 89, Abth. f. Anat., xiv, 2, Dec. 31.
COLLEMBOLA. Boerner, C. Preliminary communication on
some new Aphorurinae and on the classification of the Collembola, 22,
Jan. 7, 'oi.--Folsom, J.W. The distribution of Holarctic Collembola, 5.
ORTHOPTERA. de Bormans, A., and Krauss, H. Forfi-
culidse and Hemimeridae, 47 figs. Das Thierreich, Eine Zusammenstel-
lung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen. n Lieferung. Ber-
lin, Oct., 1900. Burr, M. Review of the progress of the study of
Orthoptera in the nineteenth century, 21. Giglio-Tos, E. Orthop-
tera of the voyage of Dr. A. Borelli to Matto Grosso and Paraguay, Bolle-
tino, Museo di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata, R. Universita di Torino,
377, Aug. 15, 'oo. McNeill, J. Revision of the Orthopteran genus
Trimcrotropis* i pi., Proceedings, United States National Museum, No.
1215, Washington, '01. de Sinety, R. Remarks on the visceral nerv-
ous system, the dorsal vessel and the genital organs of the Phasmidit,
8<>1>, 16, Oct.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87
ODONATA. Hine, J. S. A new species of Goinphus and its near
relatives* ; A comparative study of Goinphus furcifer and i>i!/osipes, i pi.,
The Ohio Naturalist, i, 4, Columbus, O., Feb., '01. Kirby, W. F. The
progress of our knowledge of the Odonata (Dragonflies) during a century
and a half., 21.
HEMIPTEKA. Ball, E. D. Notes on the Acocephalina (Ho-
moptera-Jassida?),* i pi., Proceedings, Iowa Academy of Science, vii, Des
Moines, 'oo ; New Jassidae from the Rocky Mountain and Pacific region.
4. Bergrotl), E. Diagnosis of a new species of the genus Arachno-
coris Scott (Nabidje), 8Gb, 15, Oct. Champion, G. C. Rhynchota
Heteroptera, vol. ii, pp. 337-344 [Saldidse*], 15. Cockerell, T. I). A.,
and Parrott, P. J. Table to separate the genera and sub-genera of
Coccidse related to Lecanium, 4-. Osborit, H. See Hymenoptera.
COLEOPTERA. Beare, T. H. The literature of British Cole-
optera for the past century, 21. Beloii, P. Diagnosis of a new Longi-
corn from Bolivia belonging to the genus Mecometopus Th., 8Gb, 9,
May. Boilean, H. Diagnoses of new Lucanida;, 8Gb, u, June ; Note
on some new or little known Lucanidie from South America, 8Gb, 15,
Oct. Dier'kx, P. On the pygidial glands in the Carabids and Dytis-
cids, 8Gb, n, June. Doiiisthorpe, H. St. T. K. Evolution of our
knowledge of myrmecophilous Coleoptera, 21. Fauvel, A. On the
value of the pygidial glands for the classification of the Carabids according
to the memoir of P. Dierckx, 8Gb, 13, July. Fletiaux, E. Description
of a new species of Lissoinus, 8Gb, 10, May; Description of a new species
belonging to the genus Teslasena (Elaterida;\ 8Gb, u, June; Descrip-
tion of a new genus of Cicindelidae, 8Gb, 13, July. Francois, P. On
the pygidial glands of the Brachynidse, figs., 8Gb, 12, June. Gouiiolle,
E. Note on the genus Migdolus and description of the female of .'/.
Frya mis Westw. , 8b, 12, June. Leger, L.,aud Hag-eninuller, P.
On the structure of the Malpighian tubules in some tenebrionid Coleop-
tera, figs., 8Gb, n, |une. Leslie, P. On the use of the caducous
mandibular appendages of the Brachyrrhinidce, 8Gb, 8, April Ws-
inaiin, E. New Doryline guests from the neotropical and the ethiopian
taunal regions, 89, Abth. f. System, xiv, 3. Dec. 28.
DIPTEitA. Basili, A. Fecundation, and immunity against Pro-
teosoma, in Cule.v pipiens, t)J?. Cliaguou, G. Preliminary studies on
the Syrphidae of the province of Quebec, Naturaliste Canadien, Chicou-
timi, Quebec, Jan., '01. Ho\var<l, L. O. On some Diptera tired from
cow manure, 4. Joimlaiii, S. Buccal apparatus of Pule.\ , 8Gb,
n, June. Kello&'j':, V. L. Food of larva- of Siniu/iinn and Hlcfhayo-
ct'ni, 5. Lecailloil, A. On the ciliform prolongations of certain cells
of the adultgnat, Cnlf.\ pipien s L , 8Gb, 18, Nov. <lc3Iei.j'rr, !.('. H.
On prothoracic stigmata of Dipterous pupa', 22, Dec. 31, 'oo. Mu-
IIMT, F. On the- Conopiaria of the tertiary amber, figs, 8Gb, s,
April ; Note on the Dolichopoclida- of the tertiary amber, 8Gb, 16, Oct.;
Studies on some Diptera of the tertiary amber, ligs.. 8Gb, 17-18, Nov.,
S3 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. _
19, Dec. v. d. Osten Sacken, C. R. On the new nomenclature of
the family Cecidomyise, adopted by Mr. Riibsaamen and others, 8.
Prenant, A. Cytological notes: tracheal cells of Oestrus, 2 pis.,
Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique, iii, 4, Paris, Dec. 25, 'oo Ver-
rall, G. H. Dipterology of the nineteenth century, 21.
LEPIDOPTERA. Barnes, TV. Descriptions of some new spe-
cies of North American Lepidoptera*, 4. Busck, A. Neplicula pomi-
rt>yclla Packard, alias Microptery.v pomivorella Pack., 4. Chapman,
T. A. Sidelights on the Lepidopterological work of the nineteenth cen-
tury, 21. Dod, F. H. W. Preliminary list of the Macro-lepidoptera
of Alberta, N. W. T., 4. Dyar, H. G. Notes on the genitalia of Hali-
sidota Harrisii Walsh, figs., 4; Life histories of North American Geo-
nietridce. xix, o; A century of larval descriptions, 21 ; See Hymenop-
tera. Fischer, T. On the transmission of newly acquired characters
and the effects of temperature on the colors of Lepidoptera, 121.
Friiig-s, C. Still more on persecution of butterflies by birds, Societas,
Entomologica, Zurich-Hottingen, Jan. i, '01. Godmaii, F. I). Lepid-
optera Rhopalocera, vol. ii, pp. 533-556, pis. xcvii, xcviii [Hesperidse*],
15. Grote, A. R. The century and the Lepidopterist, 21. de
loMMiiis, J. Note on some Microlepidoptera of which the larva? feed
on the hairs of animals, 86b, 13, July. Mansion, A. Habits of
/.//W/.N, 87, Ian. 12. Perez, C. On a new Coccidiitm, a coelomic
parasite of a Lepidopter, 86b, 14, July ; On the cephalic appendage of
certain sphinx chrysalids, 8Gb, 14, July. Front, L.. B. The Lepidop-
terological books of the Nineteenth Century, 21. Semper, G. Die
Nachtfalter, Heterocera, in : Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen von Dr.
C. Semper. 2ter Theil. VVissenschaftliche Resultate, vi. 4, Wiesbaden,
Kreidel's Verlag, 1900. 5 pis. Sharpe, E. M. B. A Monograph of
the Genus Teracolus, part viii. London, Lovell Reeve & Co. 1900. Pp.
85-100, pis. 28-31. Thoinanii, H. A case of symbiosis of ants and
caterpillars, 121.
HVME\OPTERA. Anglas, J. On the histolysis and histo-
genesis of the muscles of the Hymeuoptera during metamorphosis,
86b, 18, Nov. Bloomfield, E. N. Notes on phytophagous Hymen-
optera 1800-1900, 21. Bouvier, E. L. The variations in dwelling
place among the Philanthus, Comptes Rendus, Sociae' de Biologic, Paris,
Dec. 29, 'oo. du Buysson, I?. Nest of Polybia phthisic a Fabr., fig.,
861), 7, April. Cock erell, T. 1>. A. (Hymenoptera Apoidea*),
Dyar, H. G. (Lepidoptera Heterocera), Osborn, H. (Rhynchota
Heteroptera), Some Insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico, iii,
5. Marshall, T. A. Braconidse, pp. 33?-3?6 of vol. V bis, yie fasc.
Kiefter, J. J. Cynipidae, pp. 513-592, vol. vii, pis. xxi-xxiv, 72 fasc.
Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie fonde par Edmond
Andre. Paris, Dubosclard, July i, Oct. i, 'co. Morice, F. D. Obser-
vations on Sphecodes, 8; The century's work among the Aculeate Hy-
menoptera and the Chrysidas [two papers], 21. Morley, C. Evolu-
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Sg
tion of our knowledge of the Ichneumonidse during the nineteenth cen-
tury, 21. Netter, A. Examination of the habits of bees from the
double point of view of mathematics and of experimental physiology,
o5, Jan. i. Paulcke, W. On the differentiation of the cell elements
in the ovary of the queen bee (Apis wellifica}, 4 pis. 89, Abth. f. Anat.,
xiv, 2, Dec. 3i.--Terre, L. Contribution to the study of histolysis and
of histo-genesis of muscular tissue in the bee, 8O1), 18, Nov. Tho-
' i HIM, H. See Lepidoptera. Wasinanii, E. See Coleoptera.
Notes and Ne\vs.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.
MR. JAMES A. G. REHN is studying the Orthoptera collected by Dr.
Smith on one his African journeys.
THK Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Scieences of
Philadelphia lias received a small but interesting collection of Coleoptera
taken by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith in Africa.
MR. PHILIP LAURENT has gone on another collecting trip to Florida.
It is to be hoped he will seek a place where insects are more abundant,
m<l where it will not be necessary for him to spend all his time fishing
for provender.
A YEAR ago I wanted a few silk worm eggs to rear a colony, that I
might get all stages for our college collection, and it took months of
correspondence before I could find them. I finally succeeded, however,
and reared a large colony, and from these I reserved a number of egg-
clusters. It occurs to me that there may be other entomologists who
would be glad to rear a small colony for the same purpose or observa-
tion. I shall be glad to give to any such a few clusters of these eggs if
they are desired. B. F. KOONS, Storrs, Conn.
Pergandiella or 'I'rionynius? These two names, applicable to the
same genus of Coccidas, were published in 1899, approximately at the
same date. I am indebted to Dr. H. Skinner for the information that
/ ' i-^aii'Uclla i in Proc. Phila. Acad.) was actually published July 26,
while a separate of Berg's paper (Commun. Mus. Buenos Aires) was re"
ceived at Philadelphia Aug. n; and the journal from which it was taken
Sept. 25. Berg's paper is dated May 24, and the paper containing
r,-iiandiclla was read at the Philadelphia Academy in May. Such are
the facts at present obtainable. 1 confess that I am not at all clear which
name has priority. T. D. A. COCKERKI.I..
90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
PROF. G. C. DAVIS, who is well known to the entomological world, is
now located at Ogilby, California, where he is chemist to the American
Girl Gold Mining Company. He has not lost his interest in entomology
but has had little time for such studies lately.
Heterochroa califomica. I learn from Miss C. Ellis that this butterfly
is common in the Sandia Mountains, N. M. This is worth recording, as
it extends its range about 200 miles northward in this region. Further
north, in the mountains about Las Vegas, I have never seen the least
sign of it. T. D. A. COCKERELL. .
I HAVE taken last fall at Mount Arlington (N. J.), several specimens 01 a
Polistes, which were stylopized with males and females of Xenos rossi.
Have also taken there several Po/istes with the empty pupa cases of the
male Xenos. Have taken seven of the first described wasps alive with
me across the continent to California and have kept them several weeks,
feeding them on different kinds of fruit, hoping that the Xetios males will
hatch ; but the wasps died all (the last fully four months after the capture)
without yielding a single live Xeuos. I dissected the abdomen of one
of my prisoners and have taken out of the pupa case a fully developed
but dead male Xei/os, the latter evidently having died before its host.
Unfortunately this artificially-acquired parasite had its wings in the folded
state of the pupa, and I was unable to spread them, in spite of several
softening methods. Could you suggest me some way of getting the
wings in their proper shape? The beetles are otherwise perfect and
even dark colored, so that it looks to me almost as if they would have
been killed by the host or one of its friends before being able to leave
their breeding place. A. FENYES, Pasadena, Cala.
Typhlopsylla octactenus Kol. In his " Preliminary Studies in Siphou-
aptera," published in the Canadian Entomologist in 1895 (Jan. Aug.),
Prof. C. F. Baker, speaking of the genus Typhlopsylla, says : ' The
above five species (referring to iiiiipectinata, octactenus, he.vacteau.^
pentactenus and dictenus) of Typhlopsylla, are all bat fleas, and have
been found on a number of kinds of bats in various parts of Europe.
I regret to say that I have not been able to obtain any bat fleas from
this side of the water."
Insomuch as Prof. Baker had at that time made quite extended collec-
tions of Siphonaptera it may be of interest to some to know that on
April 28, 1900, I secured four specimens of T. octatenns from bats taken
near Ithaca, N. Y. Two species were taken, Jfyofis snhn/titits (Say), the
little brown bat, and Vespertilio fuscus (Beauvois), the brown bat. As
they had come in contact with each other before the fleas were secumi,
the latter may have passed from one host to the other, so I am at a lo
to know to which to_assign the species. l\'sperti/io fit sens, it is inten --.t-
ing to note, is found in both the Old and New World. C. O. HOUGHTON,
Ithaca, N. Y.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. QI
ON September 6, 1900, I captured a l-Aiptoicla Claudia in Bloomfield,
near Hartford city line. SIDNEY C. CARPENTER, Hartford, Conn.
DR. A. D. HOPKINS is about completing a monograph of the genus
Dendroctonus, which which will make one hundred pages. Dr. Hopkins
is an authority on the Scolytidee from both a systematic and economic
standpoint.
MR. W. H. ASHMEAD, Assistant Curator of the U. S. National Museum,
is studying the Hymenoptera collected by Prof. Kincaid of the Harriman
Alaska Expedition. Before this expedition only 30 species were reported
from Alaska. Mr. Ashmead will include in his paper over 250 species,
three or four being common European species, and will be reported lor
the first time from America.
CAPTURES OF 1900. July 3d,, two Papilio aja.v -? ; July 4th, three
Papilio aja.v, 2 ^, i 9 (feeding on milkweed). Aug. iyth, Papilio 1 1 > ^
phonies 9- Sept. 3d, ^Ellopos tantulas <$. Sept. nth, Erebus Odora
Sept. igth, Erebus odora 9- Nov. iyth (a cold day), Protoparce cin^n-
lata 9 (sitting on the stem of a tree). As much as I know, tantalus, cin-
gulata and aja.v were never captured here before. They are all, with ex-
ception of Erebus odora 9, in good condition. PROF. HENRY WORMS-
BACHER, Jersey City, N. J.
ASAPHES A SYNONYM. In looking over W. H. Ashmead's " Classifica-
tion of the Ichneumon Flies" I came across the name Asaphesior a genus
of Pteromalidce, erected by Walker in 1834. Kirby first applied the name
Asaphes to a genus of Elalerida: in 1837, and it should therefore be re-
moved from the catalogues of Coleoptera. Possibly Hcinicrepidius of
Germar should be used in its stead, but I will leave this question to some
Coleopterist who has access to the requisite literature FREDERICK
KNAB.
WHILE visiting a friend of mine at his work in a coal mine I was sur-
prised to see several moths sitting on the roof or ceiling of the mine, but
having no means to secure them I left them till later. On Jan. 19 I took
a lantern and cyanide jar and made a thorough examination of the mine,
and in a short time secured 25 fine, perfect specimens of Sco/iop/t'ry.i
libatri.v. Some were found as far in as 75 yards from the entrance of the
mine. Some were very wet, but there was not a torn or rubbed specimen
among them. FRED. MARLOFF, Oak Station, Pa.
" Beware the bad mosquito,
It is a dangerous thing ;
It carries 'round malaria.
And it has a spotted wing.
"The Culc.v wears his whiskers long,
. Inaphelcs wears his short ;
But are their voices just the same,
When on bare legs they sport?"
92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
Doings of Societies.
At the Januar}- meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social,
held at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 S. Thirteenth
Street, twelve members were present.
This being the annual meeting the President read his addivs>,
reviewing the progress of the Society, and speaking of the ad-
vances made in the methods of collecting insects.
Prof. J. B. Smith referred to a former communication on a
trip to L,ahaway, N. J., and stated that he had found there
five species of Scolytidae in decaying pine trees, including a
new species of Dendroctonus. Trees attacked by this insect
may be recognized by large adherent clumps of pitch, in the
center of which the insects live. All stages of the insect had
been found. Specimens of pine park illustrating the burrowing
of the Dendroctonus were shown. 'fomicits caligraphits makes
galleries extending in all directions, and are the largest made by
any species of Tom/cut. Tomicus cacographus lives much higher
in the trees than the two preceding species which dwell in the
thicker bark. Crypturgus alntaccus makes small galleries, ir-
regular in form and close together. A species of Scolytits
occurred in the trees, but no specimens were found. It makes
very short burrows. Gnathotrichus watcriarius differs in habits
from the others mentioned by penetrating into the solid wood,
the galleries being quite long, and makes small larval burrows.
Other insects, such as feed on Scolytidse or had entered the
burrows for other purposes, had been found. A piece of wood
containing a Monohammus larva was shown and its mode of
entry and exit described. Some twigs of hickory girdled by
Oncidcres were exhibited. In 30 or 40 twigs not a single larva
had been found, which raised the question whether the girdling
was always done for oviposition.
Mr. Daecke said he had frequently observed / 'cspa crabro
gnawing at twigs, and suggested this wasp may be responsible
for some of the girdling.
Mr. Johnson stated that he had found several species of
Scolytidse on the spruce at North Mountain, Pennsylvania.
Dendroctonus rufipennis had made burrows, but no live speci-
mens had been found and its work was confined to the base
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93
of the tree. Crypt it r^it* atfaii/iis burrows were plentiful
throughout the branches.
Mr. H. Wenzel mentioned that at Dacosta, X. J., he had
observed that pine stumps were completely riddled by the
burrows of a species of DaidrocioiiHs. He also exhibited a
specimen of the European ncmcfriits atricapilus taken near
Camden, X. J., March 5, 1899. Also a specimen of the rare
.\n>it/ii>/iii/<* ^iilan's which he had taken rather abundantly in
the Philadelphia " Xeck."
Dr. Skinner referred to the large larva mentioned at the last
meeting, and stated that he believed it to be Stenodontcs man-
dibit la rix and not a Mallodon. The larva had been found around
the roots of the mesquite.
Mr. H. Wenzel exhibited specimens of Stenodontes mandibu-
laris.
Dr. vSkinner referred to the theory of the transmission of dis-
ease by insects, and spoke of recent experiments which tended
to prove that mosquitos are responsible for the transmission of
yellow fever. As early as 1804 a doctor in Mobile had asserted
his belief that the mosquito was a carrying agent of the disea>e,
and in 1882 a certain author had held this insect responsible for
transmitting malaria.
The following officers were elected for the ensuing year :
President, Charles \V. Johnson ; Vice- President, Charles R.
Boerner ; Secretary, William R. Reinick ; Treasurer, Henry
W. Wenzel. WILLIAM J. Fox, Secretary.
The regular stated meeting of the Feldmaii Collecting Social
was held Wednesday evening, February 2oth, as the guest >
of Dr. Henry Skinner, at his residence, 716 Xorth Twentieth
Street, Philadelphia. Eleven members present. President
Charles W. Johnson in the chair.
Professor J. B. Smith read a communication from our fellow-
memlK-r, Mr. Philip Laurent, who is on a collecting trip in
Florida, stating that the collecting was poor. Professor Smith
also stated that he wanted to find what the larva of the mosquito
does in winter, and for that purpose- lie obtained a number of
pitcher plants and found quite a number of larvae frozen in the
94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [March,
ice ; digging a number out he placed them in a tumbler of
, water ; as soon as the water became somewhat warmer the
larvae began to move. Mr. L,. O. Howard in his paper upon
mosquitoes stated that they hibernated as adults, but Professor
Smith's observations seem to show that they pass the winter
in the larval state and are not effected by ice. Mr. Howard
also stated that larvae do not stay under water longer than
about one minute, and that their gravity is so great that they
would sink without wriggling ; but these remained under
water much longer ; in one case ten minutes, and they are
able to keep at the surface of the water without wriggling, the
motion of the ciliae also seems to help them in moving.
Dr. Skinner mentioned that the temperature or chemical
condition of the water might have something to do with these
facts, and suggested that it might be advisable to make re-
peated observations. Professor Smith also spoke about swarms
of mosquitoes in Alaska, and said that when the snow recedes
they greatly increase in number, and suggested that they most
likely wintered in the larval state in ice, which does not get
below 32 degrees.
Dr. Skinner also spoke upon observations made during the
Second Ross Expidition upon the larva Lepicloptera, which
were frozen and thawed a number of times before dying. This
was further discussed by Messrs. Johnson, \Yenzel and Daecke.
Mr. \Yenzel said that Harpalus ca/i^ii/osns had only been
found around the habitat of man. He also mentioned that in
one species of Psclaphid, which he had seen in a number of
collections, all were males. Mr. Fox suggested that the
females may have been described under different names. Dis-
cussed by Messrs. Johnson, Smith and Fox.
Mr. Daecke exhibited a was]) nest from Bloomfield, N. J.,
from which he obtained three specimens of Odyncnts bircui-
1/iacn/atiis. He also exhibited galls of ^-Indn'cits <'oni/^< >~a from
which specimens of Scsin scitnla had emerged.
Dr. .Skinner exhibited all the species of the nokomis and nito-
/ r/'s groups of the genus . -//;</ nn/is, and showed differences in
sexes and color variations.
Mr. Johnson exhibited two specimens of Microdon annih'ntns
iQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEV/S. 95
Fabr., collected by Mr. Charles T. Green at the Lehigh Gap,
Pennsylvania, in July : also Microdon nt/ifies Macq. from
Louisiana, and .Uicrodon megalogaster Snow irom Xew Jersey
and Pennsylvania, and spoke of their synonymy and distribu-
tion. Discussed by Messrs. Fox, Smith and Wenzel.
Dr. Skinner read a paper upon " Transmission of Disease by
Insects," which contained some very interesting facts about
the manner in which bacteria are carried by insects.
WILLIAM RKIXICK, Secretary.
The thirteenth regular meeting of the Harris Club was held
at ^5 Court Street, Boston, on the evening of January is, 1901.
Vice- President Xeweomb presided, and eleven other persons
were in attendance. The election of officers for the ensuing
year resulted as follows : President, H. H. Xeweomb ; Vice-
Presidents, P. G. Bolster, W. F. Low ; Secretary and Treas-
urer, W. L. W. Field.
Mr. R. G. Higbee was elected to active membership.
Mr. Field exhibited a series of hybrid butterflies of the genus
I .iitii nitit, and Mr. Low showed an interesting collection of
hybrid Saturniid:e. Mr. Xeweomb displayed a box full of
arctic butterflies collected on the coasts of Alaska and Siberia
by Lieut. Philip H. Scott of the revenue cutter " Bear."
W. L. W. FlKI.I), Secretary.
A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, was held January 24th,
with twelve persons present. Mr. Laurent, Director, presided.
Mr. Laurent presented some egg-masses of Tciiodcra si>ic>/sis.
Dr. Calvert said Dr. Castle had mentioned having seen certain
worms that had been passed from the bowels of a young girl,
one of his patients. Dr. Calvert had brought a number of
specimens of intestinal worms from the Leidy collection of the
Fniversity of Pennsylvania, which he exhibited. Dr. Castle
stated that none of the specimens shown corresponded with
tho^e passed by his patient. The effects of poisons on insects
were discussed by the members. The slight effect of " cyanide '
on some insects was pointed out. Mr. Laurent spoke of the
introduction of the two large mantids 7'< Hi'd/m S/n< nsis and
96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Maicli,
Mantis religiosa into Pennsylvania and New York respectively.
He had found egg-masses of sincnsis in great abundance at Mt.
Airy, Philadelphia, this fall. Photographs and specimens of the
egg-masses were shown. Mr. Johnson said he was sorry to suy
a manuscript name in the New Jersey list of insects had caused
some trouble. He had placed the manuscript name Pipunculus
hoitghi in the list ; but recently Dr. Kertzs had applied the
same name to the P. lateralis Walker, not of Macquart ,
another name will therefore have to be given to the New
Jersey species. HENRY SKINNER, Recorder.
The special meeting of the Newark Entomological Society,
held at the residence of President Buchholz, February ^rcl, was
a very successful and enjoyable affair. Mr. Buchholz displayed
his collection of L/epidoptera, which includes North American
species throughout the order. The host provided a substantial
supper, at which those present discussed topics of entomologi-
cal and general interest for several hours before adjourning.
vS. T. KKMP, Secretary.
A regular meeting of the Newark Entomological Society wa.s
held at Turn Hall Sunday, February loth, President Buchholz
presiding. Thirteen members were present. Visitors, Messrs.
C. Rummel and J. Hermann. Mr. Bischoff displayed his ex-
tensive collection of Cicindelidae, also some Carabidse, mostly
of the genus Cychrus. Mr. Kircher exhibited, preserved in
alcohol, some coleopterous larvae and imagoes, taken out of
cigars in which they were breeding. They appeared to be
Lasiodenna serricornc. The same gentleman also showed some
odd forms of several species of L,epidoptera, the most striking
of which was an aberration of Argynnis cybcle, caught some
years ago in the vicinity of New York/ It has a black suffu-
sion covering a large portion of both fore and hind wings.
Messrs. Holterman and Broadwell each exhibited an interest-
ing collection of Lepidoptera. A proposition to move the head-
quarters of the Society was rejected by a large- majority.
Mr. Charles Rummel, of Elizabeth, N. J., was unanimously
elected a member of the Society.
S. T. KIOIP, Secretar.
KNT. NEWS, Yol XII
PHILAMPELUS ELISA
(SMYTH)
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
VOL. XII.
APRIL, 1901.
No. 4.
CONTENTS:
Foster Results of Breeding Moths of
the Genus Haploa Hiibner (Con-
cluded i 97
Smyth Philampelus elisa (n. sp.) 106
Fox Letters from Thomas Say to John
F. Melsheimer, 1816-1825. I, II.... no
Sriyder Over the Range in a Wagon
(to be continued) 113
Editorial 119
Notes and News 119
Entomological Literature 120
Doings ofSocieties 125
Some Results of Breeding Moths of the Genus
Haploa Hiibner.
By FRANK H. FOSTER, Claremont, N. H.
(Continued from March number.)
As the moths emerged I isolated five pairs without attempt-
ing any selection, in as many different cages, and obtained
fertile eggs from two of the females.
These two pairs of parents, after the eggs were laid, were
killed, mounted and labeled so as to be identified with their
progeny. The parents will be referred to as pair No. i and
pair No. 2. They are represented on the accompanying plati
by Figures i and 2 and Figures u and 12 respectively.
The female of pair No. i laid 225 eggs. The female of No.
2 laid 275 eggs.
The two lots of eggs and the larvae obtained from them were
kept confined throughout in separate breeding cages and great
care taken to avoid any chance commingling. In view of the
remarkable results obtained from one of these pairings and
doubts that might arise as to possibility of errors I will state
that the progeny of these two pairs were the only Haploa Ian -a
I had at any time during their development. (For detailed
4
98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April,
description of egg, larval stages, etc., see appendix to this
article).
The larvae developed very unevenly in both broods after the
second month. In October many had pupated, while others
were not half grown, and such as had not then reached the
final larval strge were placed in a bed of Cynoglossum in my
garden in the hope that they would hibernate there and be
found in the spring. A classification of the images of both
broods follows.
PROGENY OF PAIR No. i. 17 259.
DIVISION A.
6 $ 99 . These fifteen examples, a little more than one-
third the whole number bred, had deep yellow secondaries,
yellow abdomens and yellow suffusion of under surface of all
the wings. The proportion of yellow males to whole number
of males is about the same as the proportion of yellow females
to whole number of females. These yellow r -winged progeny
divide into two distinct groups by the difference in the brown
markings of primaries.
Group i 3 $ , 5 9 . One male and one female of this group
are represented by Figs. 7 and 8 of plate. These vary but lit-
tle among themselves. The tendency toward definition of apical
and pre-apical spots is, as shown by the figures, slightly more
apparent in the females.
Group 2 3 $ , 49. These are all alike, and one pair is
shown by Figs. 9 and 10 of plate. They are like all the
dyiuenc I have seen, though I have some specimens of clymene
of unknown parentage in which the secondaries are a little
deeper yellow.
DIVISION B.
ii $ 1 6 9 . All the moths in this division resemble parents
in having white secondaries with a suspicion of yellow tinge.
All have white abdomens and under side of all the wings white,
or as nearly so as in ordinary examples of confusa and Iccontci.
These twenty-seven moths show so many variations in pat-
tern of primaries that subdivision is not as easy as in the case
of the yellow- winged group, but, utilizing the character most
widely varying, they may be divided into two groups, viz.:
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99
-r
Group i 9 $ , 49. These have the oblique brown band
extending from above and within inner angle of primaries
toward apex, unbroken or nearly so, and thus more nearly
resemble the <? parent. Figs. 3 and 4 represent this group.
The females have the median white spot less deeply incised
on its outer end than the males.
Group 2 2 $ 129 . These have the oblique band obsolete,
or at most represented by a projecting spur of varying form at
base, and thus approach more nearly the 9 parent. Figs. 5
and 6 are from this group. Variation is toward greater fusion
of the white spots and obsolescence of the brown. One female
is practically identical with Fig. 3 of L/yman's plate, above re-
ferred to, except for outer oblique band being obsolete save for
a spur at base. The other females in this group show gradual
approach to this extreme from Fig. 6 of accompanying plate.
Of this whole brood of moths those in Division A cannot be
said to approach more nearly to one parent than to the other.
Of the twenty-seven in Division B thirteen more nearly resem-
ble $ and fourteen the 9 parent. The influence of each parent
would thus appear to be about equal, so far as color and mark-
ings are concerned. Each sex, however, shows a strong ten-
dency to follow the parent of the same sex. Thus 82 per cent,
of the $ $ more nearly resemble the $ parent. Seventy-five
per cent, of the 9 9 more nearly resemble the 9 parent.
PROGENY OF PAIR No. 2. 19 S 21 I .
The chief difference between the parents of this brood (Figs.
ii and 12) is in the shape of the median white spot on prima-
ries, which in the is convex on outer margin and in the 9
concave. The 9 also shows tendency toward fusion of the
white spots. The differences among the progeny were not
such as to admit of a classification into fairly distinct groups,
as was the case in the brood above described. While no indi-
viduals reproduced the pattern of male parent exactly the gen-
eral tendency of each sex to follow the parent of the same sex
was quite as obvious as in the progeny of pair No. i . A great
proportion of the males were of the typical confusa form, and
the widest departures from the normal were in the direction of
100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
melanism, while among the females the great proportion had
the median white spot simply concave on its outer margin in-
stead of deeply cleft, and the widest departures from normal
were in the direction of albinism, as shown by fusing of the
white spots. Most of .the moths of this brood were like Figs.
13 and 14. In no instance was any tendency toward clymene
apparent either in marking or color of wings or body.
A tabulation of the results of the examination of one hun-
dred moths, including all those bred from eggs (excepting the
yellow-winged progeny of pair No. i) and those bred from
larvse taken at large, was made in order to discover the rela-
tive variability of the sexes, The moths were examined for
eleven different variations in markings. The general result
was that in respect to variations toward melanism, such as
complete subdivision of median white spot of primaries and
presence of brown spots on secondaries, a much larger propor-
tion of males than females showed the variations, while among
individuals showing tendency toward albinism, such as fusion
of white spots on primaries and disappearance of the brown
spot or pair of spots at summit of collar, the females greatly
preponderated. The tendency toward fusion of the spots was
greatest in the apical and pre-apical region of primaries and
decreased toward the base of wing.
To summarize the results above recorded :
1. Haploa larvae indistinguishable among themselves, taken
from one restricted locality have produced images ranging by
insensible degrees from typical confusa to typical lecontei and
even to lecontei var. militaris, with confusa as the dominant
form .
2. I^arvae taken with the above in the proportion of about
one to five or six, distinguishable by color of hairs, and only
in the last stage have produced dymcnc.
3. One pair of parents nearer to typical confusa than to a in-
other recognized specific or varietal type, and varying little
between themselves, have produced progeny among which are
forms referable respectively to confusa, clymcuc and Icivntci as
well as intergrades.
4. One pairing between $ of typical Ifcoulci pattern and 9
igoi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IOI
intermediate between typical lecontei and typical confusa pro-
duced progeny in which a large proportion were like <?
parent, none exactly like $ parent, some were like typical
confusa, and none showed any tendency toward clymene.
5. The tendency is marked for the males to resemble the
male parent more closely than the female parent, and for the
females to resemble the female parent.
6. A tendency toward sexual dimorphism is apparent, the
males varying toward greater predominance of the brown and
females toward greater predominance of the white.
7. The most variable markings are those on outer half of
the primaries.
The above results would appear to establish the specific
identity of lecontei with confusa. To maintain their distinct-
ness one must draw an arbitrary line across a series of speci-
mens, grading insensibly from one to the other, and there
would seem to be no better reason for drawing such a dis-
tinction between confusa and lecontei than between lecontei and
iilitaris< to which latter no one gives more than varietal rank.
If any further demonstration were needed than such a series of
intergrades furnishes the fact of both forms, confusa and lecontei,
breeding from same parents and being indistinguishable in the
larval stages would appear to establish the merely varietal rank
of confusa.
One other question is raised not so readily capable of being
decided upon the evidence thus far brought out. What inter-
pretation shall be given to the appearance of clymene in a brood
reared from confusa parents ?
It is obvious that the results may be accounted for upon two
different theories.
1. That cfy nielli- is not a true species, but a form likely to
arise in any brood of lecontei var. confusa.
2. That clymene is a true species, and that its appearance
among the progeny of confusa parents is due to hybridization
in a previous generation.
I'ntil someone has bred clymene through all its stages and
from several pairs of parents, it is obvious that the question of
its specific rank cannot be completely settled and, therefore,
IO2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
the question as to which of the above two theories is correct
must be left open.
With a view to learning what, if any, light would be shed
upon this problem by the work of those who have experi-
mented with hybridization of Lepidoptera, I have examined
with much interest an article by M. A. Dixey in Science Pro-
gress (London and Boston) for April, 1898, pp. 185 to 202,
entitled " Some Recent Experiments in Hybridization," which
contains a review and summary of the published results of ex-
periments of Dr. M. Standfuss, of Zurich. Also an article by
James William Tutt in Trans. Ent. Soc. of London, 1898, pp.
17-42, entitled " Some Results of Recent Experimens in Hy-
bridizing Tephrosia bistortata and Tephrosia crepuscidaria .' '
Both articles deal chiefly with direct hybrids or ' ' half bloods, ' '
and both writers agree in stating that hybrids are, as a rule, in-
fertile inter se.
In the former article many instances of direct crossing of
species are given, and a few of back-crossing between hybrids
and one of the parent species. In such back-crossings where
the progeny were three-fourths one species and one-fourth
another as to their hereditary elements, no instance is cited of
the appearance among the progeny of any individuals exactly
reproducing the appearance of the species whose part in their
parentage was one-fourth, the admixture of blood showing
only in a modification of the characters of the predominant
parentage.
In the latter article one instance only of back-crossing is
given and a similar result recorded, /'. e., no example appeared
in which the characters of the species supplying one-fourth the
hereditary elements were reproduced.
In the first mentioned article instances of crossing of Calli-
morpha dominula L. with ditto var. persona Hbn. 9 are
given, the resulting progeny of which were " very variable in
the perfect state," but " bore on the whole a closer resemblance
to C. dominula than to var. persona."
Standfuss lays down the rule that ' ' where the normal form
of a species is crossed with a gradually formed local race of the
same species the result is a series of intermediate forms."
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 103
If hybridization has entered into the parentage of my pair
No. i it was obviously in a prevous generation.
The parents being so nearly alike would seem to preclude
the theory of one being a pure blood confusa and the other a
hybrid between confusa and dymene. If both are direct hy-
brids between confusa and dymene, normal fertility would not
be expected unless the specific distinctness of dymene and con-
fusa be abandoned.
It is possible that the results might be due to interbreeding
among the progeny of a " back-crossing," but I have not been
able to learn of any observed case of this sort.
We seem thus to get no further than to establish the improb-
ability of the parents of this brood being direct hybrids. It is
greatly to be desired that someone should breed from dymcnc
parents several series of moths. Until that has been done it
seems idle to speculate further upon the parentage of pair No. i .
I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Arthur C.
Bradley, of Newport, N. H., and Mr. William L. W. Field,
of Milton, Mass., for many helpful suggestions and the loan of
books, and to Dr. Harrison G. Dyar for permission to quote
his most recent views on the classification of this genus.
APPENDIX.
Life history of Haploa lecontei var. coutusa Lyman.
Egg. Shaped like a sphere, flattened at base. The flattened
area is slightly concave, and in diameter about two-thirds the
diameter of the egg. Diameter of egg .60 mm. The surface
under a low power lens appears smooth and polished. Color
when laid greenish yellow. No change of color apparent until
shortly before hatching, w r hen the dark head of embryo may
be discerned at the summit of the egg through the transparent
shell. The eggs are deposited on under side of leaves of food
plant, sometimes scattered but usually thickly sprinkled. Not
placed in contact with each other as a rule and without regu-
larity of arrangement.
Three lots of eggs I have had under observation were all
from females bred in confinement, from hibernated larvae taken
at large in May and were laid between June 29th and July 4th.
104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
This is probably somewnat earlier than they would have been
laid in a state of nature, as I observed eggs in the field on
July 23d.
Duration of egg stage eight or nine days.
Larva. Stage I. Length 1.6 mm. when newly hatched.
When three days old color is light green ; head black with a
few scattered hairs or bristles. Prothoracic plate nearly black,
not so long as the width of head. The tubercles characteristic
of the family are present, their color contrasting with the
greenish ground color.
First moult passed in five days.
Stage II. L/ength three or four mm. Color changed to gray,
otherwise much as in Stage I. No longitudinal stripes yet ap-
parent. L/arvse spin down by a thread when disturbed. Dur-
ing first and second stages the larvae feed from the under side
of the leaf on the parenchyma alone, leaving the epidermis of
the upper side and the veins intact. Duration of second stage
five days.
Stage III.* Length seven or eight mm. Head shining black
with few hairs or bristles. Body above with a light bluish drab
dorsal stripe, and a narrower subdorsal line of same color sepa-
rated by a dull black line. A similar dull black line runs
between the subdorsal drab one and the lateral yellow stripe.
The latter is conspicuously creased with black. A subspirac-
ular line of a pale yellow also creased with black and indis-
tinctly connected by broken lines and spots with the upper
yellow stripe. Prolegs with a blackish patch outwardly.
Ventral and inner side of prolegs pale flesh color with a few
dark dots. The longitudinal lines are quite even in width
throughout, but the edges are irregular and broken. Tu-
bercles black, and from each radiate about twenty stiff hairs
of moderate length. Hairs blackish except on subspiracular
tubercles where they are lighter colored. Duration of third
stage nine to fourteen days. Growth quite slow. Larvae in
this stage eat oval holes quite through the leaves from below,
* See Lyman's description, Can. Ent., 1887 (vol. xix, p. 186). His de-
scription of confusa larva rive-sixteenths of an inch long; corresponds to
Stage III.
ENT. NEWS, VOL. XII.
PI. V.
HAPLOA IFOSTERi.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105
but do not, as a rule, eat upon the edge of the leaf until they
are short of food.
Stage IV. Much as in stage three, except that the dorsal
line is yellow instead of drab. Growth very slow. Length
eleven or twelve mm. Duration of this stage not accurately
observed, but probably two to three weeks. In nature some
hibernate in this stage and some in the following stage.
Stage V. Coloring and markings as before. Growth slow.
Duration of this stage very variable.
Stage VI. Head shining black with a few scattered hairs
also black. Clypeus brown, palpi yellow at base, brown at
tip. Body deep black. A dorsal yellow stripe about one-
tenth the width of body. Edges finely but irregularly in-
dented with black ; usually cut transversely on middle of each
segment by black. Color of line sometimes deepening to orange
on the middle of the segments. Traces of a subdorsal whitish
line consisting of broken and irregular series of spots on the
black ground color. A conspicuous lateral yellow stripe above
the spiracles, a little wider than the dorsal line, consisting
really of a series of irregular linear spots with their length at
right angles to the direction of the stripe. This stripe con-
nects below by dots and lines with a substigmatal line, nar-
rower and paler than the upper one, and like it creased with
lines of the ground color. Traces of a subventral yellow line
on the bases of the legs. Leg plates black. Ventral surface
pale gray with a few minute dark dots. Tubercles polished
black, those above the spiracles having blue reflections, each
giving rise to about twenty radiating stiff short hairs, which
are black above the spiracles and whitish below. Length
when full fed 28 to 32 mm.
Pupa Hon. When about to pupate the larva seeks the ground
and makes a sort of cell on the surface, underneath the loose
debris, which it lines with very cobweb-like silk, making a
loose thin cocoon to which small rubbish adheres. The co-
coons are often so flimsy as to fall apart of their own weight
when lifted. Larval skin is not extruded from the cocoon.
Pupa is shining black 12 to 17 mm. in length, with a thick
shell admitting of link- or no motion in the abdominal segments.
106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
Cretnaster somewhat broader than long ; posterior margin con-
vex in outline and thickly set with slender fane hooks.
Food Plant. Cynoglossum ojficinalc.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Fig. i. Haploa confusa <$ bred from larva taken at large.
* * _ t < a Q " < < l < < ' '<
3 to 10 inclusive. Progeny of moths, Figs, i and 2.
n. Haploa lecontei $ (typical form) bred from larva taken at large.
" 12. confusa 9 bred from larva taken at large.
" 13 and 14. Progeny of moths, Figs 11 and 12.
All in left hand column are males, in right hand column females.
Philampelus elisa (n. sp.).
Description of a new species of Philampelus from Mexico.
By ELLISON A. SMYTH, JR.
Va. Polytechnic Institute, Blackshurg, Va.
(See Plate IV.)
About the size and with the general pattern as in pandorus,
coining nearest that species, and between it and cants Cr. , color
of upper surface a clear dark green, less olive than pandorns.
Submedian patch on inner margin of anterior wings is concave
towards base of wing, and is, on the concave line, sharply
darker than rest of patch, and there is a dark line within same
patch anteriorly. The usual clear space in middle of wing is
ashy grey-green, with no sign of rose. Medio-central and pos-
terior nervules creamy, not rosy as in pandorus. DiscaJ spot
wanting. On fore costal margin, midway between base and
apex of wing, is a dark green, distinct semicircle, inclosing
towards margin a lighter green space ; beyond this, towards
apex, are several very indistinct crenate lines, the middle one
of which is deep green and very distinct ; these are obtusely
crenate towards base of wing, and acute towards apex, as in
satcllitia. Apical lines distinct, alternate blackish and grey-
green, sharply crenate. Posterior wings clear bluish grey at
base ; black spot towards anal angle much smaller and nearer
angle than in pandorus ; this spot extends into median black
band, not separate as in pamionts, and the black band fades into
the blackish olive margin. Anal angle is olive-green and givv,
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107
with spots and lines patterned as in cacus, but no pink or rose
color anywhere. Fringe on hind wings light olive.
Ground color of thorax and abdomen (much darker and
greener than in pandorns) of a clear grey-green. Tegukv
darker, clear green. No dark olive band across abdomen at
base of thorax as in nearly all of the allied species. Sides of
abdomen marked at base with three black spots (pandorns has
but one), the first two of which are large and distinct. The
double row of triangular green spots on back of abdomen en-
close grey-green dorsal space for whole length of abdomen.
Under surface dull smoky-olive with two or three wavy
lines ; outer margin fore wings lighter. No trace of rust-color
or buff.
Distill ft ire Specific Characters. Clear green-grey color ; entire
absence of any buff, pink, or rosy shades ; the strongly marked
green semicircle cutting fore costae midway between apex and
base ; absence of discal spot ; and the presence of three pairs
of black spots on sides of abdomen at base.
Described from a female caught by Mr. Otis W. Barrett at
Cuernavaca, Mexico, and now in my collection. Mr. Barrett
wrote me that he saw but two specimens of this species in
several years collecting experience in Mexico, and adds : " I
was impressed with the value of these two specimens at the
very first, and took extra care of them in killing them. They
were both fresh, taken within an hour of each other at the
same place."
I have named the moth in honor of Mrs. Barrett, who
assisted her husband in his collecting in Mexico, thinking it a
just compliment to her bravery and zeal in that wild country.
I realize my rashness in venturing to describe as new so
notable an example of the well-known genus of Philanipelns.
I have, however, during the past year, examined either by
figure, description or specimen, the species known to belong to
America, as laid down in Kirby's recent catalogue, and the
present species agrees with none of them. If there be anymore
recently described, I have not been able to learn of them. I
have in my collection ten of the twenty species f ? ) mentioned
by Kirby ; namely, ritis. /i/inci, post/eatiis, pd/ufon/s, <-ticns,
108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
licaon Cr. , satcllitia, anchcmolus, achemon, labrnscu", nearly all
in series and of both sexes, and have had access to figures and
descriptions of the others. As an excuse, therefore, for what
our editor graphically calls " a head-long plunge into the sea
of synonymy," I add hereto a brief comparison with the
twenty American species (?) given by Kifby.
Hiibner's genus Dupo, known as the vitis group, is best
known by vitis and liimci ; Jicspcridiitm is an allied form from
Jamaica ; hornbeckiana of Harris (by Clemens considered a
synonym of vitis), and strcnua of Menetries are both described
by Boisduval in full, and both have their fore wings marked on
the I'ifis type. Boisduval says of strcnua that it connects :v7/\
and typhon ; and Butler says of both, "allied to linnci."'
Tvplion (Klug.), as described by Clemens and by Boisduval,
suggests the rosy and brown P. achcmon, to which Clemens
says it is allied. Of this latter, P. achcmon, there is no need
to speak. We might eliminate also Argeus labrusca-, phorbas
and cappronnieri as of an entirely different type, too distinct to
need any comparison.
This brings us to tins, pandorus-satellilia-eacus group ; in this
group the large, heavy dark-colored giants anchcmolns and
licaon ( Cr. nee. Hub.) may be dismissed without comparison,
their size and their browns and violets and pinks making them
very distinct.
Posticatns, of Grote ( licaon of Hubner, nee. Cramer) is about
the size of clisa, but has the primaries narrower, is brownish
buff instead of green, has the inner margin of fore wings at
base of the anal angle of hind wings, rosy. Mr. Butler also
calls attention to the distinct rose color of secondaries.
jlfirijicatits, of Grote, to quote, " is allied to post '/< ':a tits, linnet
and strcnua, from all differing by the white linear bands on the
forewings, and their apical white line, and by the distinctly
Tvhite-banded abdomen and tcgulic : while nearest posticatus in
appearance of hind wings, it is most dissimilar in markings of
primaries, which are more like those of linnci in the evenness
of the ground color. ' '
Satcllitia is altogether larger, heavier and is grey or brown-
grey ; with the blue-green at base of secondaries like <-/is<t, but
igOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. TOQ
is otherwise decidedly different in its whole aspect, lacking the
green semicircle on costse of fore wings, having but one black
spot on side of abdomen at base, having a brown bar on top
abdomen at base of thorax as in pandoras, which is wanting in
clisa and having at least two discal spots in each fore wing,
besides other differences as a long series of both sexes in my
collection well shows.
P. fusiinacnla ( Felder) is described by Boisdnval as a S/>/iin.\ v
presents a very different pattern in the fore wings, has the hind
wings yellow-ochre, with a black median band, and the thorax
is entirely green, with a brown-red abdomen.
/'. pistacina Bdl. is now considered an anibnly.\ and need not
be referred to further ; it is very differently marked and colored
from \\\e pandorus group of Philampelus.
Eacus of Cramer is buffish brown, slightly inclined to olive
in fresh examples ; lacks the green semicircle, has but one basal
abdominal spot on the brown abdomen and has the discal spot,
and usually two, present.
Comparison has already been made with pandorus in the de-
scription of clisa.
This leaves only two species, both of Schausfuss. One of
these, P. vini, is mentioned in Kirby's list. I have never heard
or seen of it elsewhere. Mr. Butler, who constantly refers to
Schaufuss, makes no mention of it. Kirby gives it from the
" Nunquam Otiosus," p. 19, but no mention is made of such a
species on that page or any other in the copy of ' ' Nunquam
Otiosus" referred to for me. I know nothing more of it.
P. cissi- of Schaufuss is described on p. 19 of the ' Nunquam
Otiosus." Of this description Butler says "Probably the $ of
salfllitia, but so imperfectly described that it is impossible to
identify it with certainty." I can only add that the descrip-
tion would apply equally well to almost any one of the pandorits
and satcllitia group, and should be void through its vagueness.
One sentence seems to offer a tangible difference to clisa, \. e.,
" Capite et thorace utrisque ncc non corporc in medio griseo-
lineatis" (italics are mine). This certainly differs from clisa
as the figure and my description shows.
I feel confident therefore in the validity of riiilaiupclits clisa
as a species, and surely all of Mexico is not known yet.
I 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
Letters from Thomas Say to John F. Melsheimer,
1816-1825. I II. 1
Philad* April i2 lh 1816
Dear Sir
I had the pleasure on my arrival here to receive the box of
Insects you sent me in the most perfect order, not an individual
of the brilliant assemblage was defaced, nor an antenna or
other extremity in any respect mutilated, this was the obvious
result of the very careful manner in which they were put np X:
the attention payed to them on the passage by your friend. I
am sorry I was not here at that time to receive him But with
respect to these Insects there has been a mistake between us,
they are exactly the same species' that your Father sent to me
long since both sexes of which I now have in my cabinet (with
the exception of a few) in perfect preservation & having the
numbers of your catalogue - annexed to them I remember
1 In presenting the first of these letters to the readers of ENTOMOLOGI-
CAL NEWS, the transcriber feels that they will be a source of interest to
all concerned with Entomology, especially American students, by whom
Thomas Say is held as the father of that study in .this country. A
rather full account of his life will be found in Volume VI of this journal.
Rev. John F. Melsheimer was the son of the Rev. Fred. Val Melsheimer,
and there is no record of his having contributed to the literature of insects.
The author of the Catalogue of the Coleoptera of the United States, 1853,
Friedrich Ernst Melsheimer, M.D., was another member of this truly
entomological family, and, I think, represented the third generation in
this country, the elder having come to America from Ehrenberg am
Neckar, Germany, prior, probably, to the year 1800. They all resided at
Hanover, York County, Pennsylvania.
The present transcripts and those that may follow are exact copies of
the originals as far as punctuation, spelling, capitalization and abbrevia-
tion are concerned ; so it may be understood that apparent errors are not
due to faulty proof-reading, as the proofs have all been compared with
the original manuscripts, which are contained in the library of The
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. WILLIAM J. Fox.
2 Refers to A \ catalogue \ of\ insects \ of\ Pennsylvania. \ By Fred.
Val. Melsheimer, | Minister of the Gospel. | Part first. | Hanover, York
County: | Printed for the author, by W. D. Lepper. | 1806. As the in-
sects spoken of in the present letters are referred to by number corres-
ponding to those in the work just quoted, their identity is an easy matter
to those having access to the book, which, however, is exceedingly rare.
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I IT
handing you two lists of numbers of Insects referring to your
catalogue, one of which I observed to you your Father had
sent me & those referred to by the other I requested you to
send, it was here the mistake undoubtedly occurred I have
selected of those you sent 12 or 20 to replace such as were
injured in my cabinet & the remainder together with some
India Insects, I have put up to send to you but I do not know
any person in Baltimore to whom I could consign them
I will make a few remarks on some of the species you sent
me
i Your N? 51 is the same with 45 (Ammon) that your
father sent me it does not agree with the description of that
Insect, "Thorax 3- toothed &c ' with the description of
Janus I am unacquainted it may probably be that insect the
thorax is certainly unarmed though it is cut down before
abruptly 6c irregularly-
2 Anobium Pertinax differs I find sometimes very much in
its depth of colouring, though always brown, yet it is some-
times of a much lighter tint with the eye perfectly black this
may be a sexual difference, my lighter one is I believe a male.
3 The Insect your Father sent me as 294 (is perhaps the
296) it is larger than the Opatrum Clathratum Black with
four rufous macula on the elytra Your 294 is I have no doubt
the right one as it is a scarce insect & that the number is
marked as such in the catalogue.
4 694 & 695 are very similar I can discover very little dif-
ference in the markings
5 Your 857 is black with a rufous thorax & 3 raised lines
on each elytron
Your 856 is the same with your fathers 857 <S: his 856 is
entirely black
I shall now take the liberty to send you the numbers as re-
ferring to your catalogue, of Insects I should be extremely
happy to receive You will observe that I have disposed of
them particularly the first few agreeably to Latreille
There is a ropy in the library of The Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. The use of the words "your catalogue" by Say is proba-
bly due to inadvertence, as its author was the elder Melsheimer. \Y. |. F.
112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
[Here follows a list of 231 species indicated by number]
Of the several Genera that are included within these numbers
your father sent to me all such are are not here enumerated
which were all that I sent for at that time, so that all I now
want are here enumerated, the remaining- families I will trou-
ble you for at a future time-
But you must allow me to recompense you for them, I know
well the trouble & expense of collecting, and how precious they
are when obtained, particularly new species
I have already commenced describing & my desire to pre-
serve the names as given by your Father & yourself, renders
me the more anxious to receive these numbers
I shall be very happy to receive any observations you may
favor me with upon these very interesting little animals, either
with respect to their arrangement, manners & habits, their life
& conversation &c
I remain very respectfully
Your Ob.dt Servt
THOMAS SAY.
Philad a May 24 th 1816
Rev? Jn? Melsheimer-
I had the honor to write you under date of when
I acknowledged with thanks the receipt of the insects you were
so good as to send me ; & mentioned the mistake that had oc-
curred, the blame for which, I am myself subject to -I wrote
at the same time for other Insects which were particularly
enumerated in the letter all of them you would oblige me by
by sending as early as convenient to yourself to the Care of
"Mr. James Griffiths
at Peale's Museum
Baltimore- -for Tho? Say
Philad?
By this Gentleman who has kindly offered himself, we can
at any time transmit to each other Insects &c with the most
perfect safety as far as his attention can secure them
I had the pleasure to find a very fine & remarkable new in-
sect the other day on the banks of the Wissahickon a few
miles from Philad? it is of that singular genus /Vo/w\ of which
1 Say's first entomological paper appeared in June, 1817. W. J. F.
ENTOMOLOGICAL XF.WS. I 13
but one species has as yet been described, this will form a sec-
ond have you ever met with it ? it is not half the size of the
Ichneumonia & the peduncles of the eyes very short compari-
tively- I will seek in the same place for a duplicate, S: if I
am so fortunate as to find one I will send it you with those
that are ready for you
I am about sending to Europe for entomological books, <K:
/ shall be very happy to receive your opinion as to such as I
ought to order- it is certainly of the first importance to a
naturalist to know what has been done by others in his particu-
science in order that his researches may be directed to proper
objects & that he may not do over again what has been better
done by his predicessors I am determined to be as cautious
as possible in this respect -I have forgotten the title of the
work you shewed me containing criticisms on Latreille's sys-
tem you would oblige by adding its title to the list-
That you may enjoy health & happiness & length of life for
the pursuit of this charming science is the sincere prayer of
Your Most obctt Serv'
Thomas Say
' <>
Over the Range in a Wagon.
By PROF, and MRS. A. J. SNYDER.
On July gth, having left Belvidere. 111., in its morning
freshness, we caught the Colorado Special at DeKalb with a
fixed and deliberate purpose of reaching Denver, Colorado.
During the westward journey we watched as closely as pos-
sible the change in bird and insect life, trying to gain, eve'n
from the rapidly moving train and in the brief stops at sta-
tions, some better idea of those sections in which eastern and
western species overlap. Nebraska is said to be the great
territory for birds from both sections, but in insect life there
j-eems to be more variety, some western species reaching eastern
points, perhaps even beyond Illinois, while a few eastern spe-
cies have crossed the continent westward bound. In brk-f
observations, Chrysophonus \aitthoidcs, or the variety dionc has
been noted, while all other species seen from the train seem ot
114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
be eastern. This season, at Jtilesburg [just over the line],
we found C/conic abundant and on its blossoms numerous butter-
flies. Pieris protodicc, l : .nptoieta chiudia and a Hcliothis, prob-
ably dipsaccns, were abundant, as well as many smaller moths
which the brief stay at the station did not permit us to capture.
At 4 o'clock P.M. of the loth, we were in Denver on our way
to the hotel. Collecting in or near large cities has always
proved unprofitable unless enough time could be taken to get
outside the limits and to find the good collecting grounds ; so
our main object here was to outfit for the trip to the mountains.
The "we" of this trip consisted of W. E. Snyder, of Beaver
Dam, Wis. , our two little girls and ourselves.
Having brought letters to two business men residing near
Denver who were supposed to be able to aid us in outfitting,
our first object was to find one of these parties and secure his
suggestions. On the morning of the i ith of July, we met Mr.
Charles Combs and with him visited the various stockyards
and sales stables in search of an outfit. At Union Stockyards
we finally found a team which seemed to answer our purpose.
There was nothing handsome about the animals but they were
used to the climate and the mountain roads ; and. while too
old to demand a fancy price, and too ungainly to please the
fastidious, were well suited for our purpose. This team we
purchased, with an old harness thrown in, for $40. We next
obtained a light lumber wagon, second hand, at the same price.
This we had altered by extending the sides about eight inches
at the top and putting on hoops, over which a canvas cover
could be placed. All of these purchases and changes took
time, yet it made it possible for us to purchase provisions for
the trip, secure a wire mattress [just wide enough to fit on top
of the extended box of the wagon and form a comfortable bed] ,
and also do a little sight seeing in Denver.
Toward evening of the i2th of July, we might have been
seen driving a gray and bay plug team along the shad}' side of
the business streets of Denver, and a little latter we were at
the side entrance of the hotel, hastily piling trunks, collecting
material and ammunition into the wagon, then seeking a more
retired street and hastening out of the city. We drove some
1901] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II,S
six miles that evening to a friend's residence in the suburbs.
Three of the party that night slept in a bed for the last time in
seven weeks, while the other two made tent and rolled up in
blankets for the first night in cam]). Oh, those Western mos-
quitos, and the first night out ! Whether they belonged to the
genus .Inop/ic/cs or were the more common representatives of
the geus Cn/c.v did not worry us, but their bites did, perhaps,
more so than at any other time during our journey. In the
higher altitudes they never bothered us long after dark as it
then became too cold.
The next morning we rearranged our baggage, prepared to
leave all our friends behind and strike into the unknown. We
were in plain sight of the mountains and on leaving were
directed to pass to the right or left of certain peaks, to go to a
certain ranch and take the left hand road or go to the second
forks of the road, then turn to the left, etc. Our map of Colo-
rado was at a discount from that day on, for no one would
advise us to go according to its directions. We had thought
of visiting Estes Park, but after a consultation with people
who had been over the ground, decided that Routt County
was the only place in Colorado and joined the hegira in that
direction ; for Routt County is the great grass region of Colo-
rado, and we concluded that game and butterflies should seek
similar localities, especially as one must cross the range to
Routt County, and the summit suggested Chionobas.
With light outfit and good teams, hunters drive into Routt
County in three days ; but our horses were not Arabs, our
outfit was not light and one horse proved a Turk. Just before
starting we spent a few minutes pursuing the butterflies which
were abundant in our friend's dooryard. Here were taken
/, vi'irna aauon , Phyciodcs ismcria , Colius cio'vtlicnic , Pvrgiis tcsscl-
lafa and another species of Pyrgns, P/io/isora cattd/ns, />. arch-
ifif>ns, I '. antiopa, a few wary Odonata and a few hornets. We
may as well remark here that, although we frequently had our
friends Tough and Prof. Needham in mind, we were unable to
capture a single dragonfly during the trip. To be sure, we saw
some, but they were wilder and harder to find than any other
game we sought except the sage hen.
Il6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
It was mentioned that we took considerable time rearranging
our outfit, and consequently had a late start, but were finally
under way followed by the good wishes of our friends, who
assured us that there would be many pleasant features of the
journey, and that we would especially enjoy .the memory when
it was all over. This last expression frequently came back to
us when we encoutered hardships and disappointments on the
way. Before starting we made a new brake for the wagon,
knowing that sometimes in the mountains everything depends
upon the strength of the brake. Toward noon we were in the
foothills, and about 4 P.M. entered Mt. Vernon Canon, up
which we drove several miles until we found a suitable place
for a camp. Here we ended our first day's journey, picketed
Bay and Gray, as we had named our animals, and w r ere soon
enjoying our first real meal in camp -peas, bacon, coffee, bread,
butter and cakes. That evening our appetites arrived to con-
tinue with us to the end of the trip. This entry was made in
one of the note books : " The new stove is a jewel." It was
a mere box of sheet iron with a tiny oven, two holes to cook
upon and a tiny fire-box ; but the tales it could tell of excellent
biscuit, fried trout, roast venison, baked potatoes, and grouse-
pie, are enough to make an epicure long for a taste. During
this day we had seen a few Argynnis and many E. claudia.
Will, or the taxidermist, as we may as well style him from now
on, was constantly seeking new birds and singing out their Latin
names, Mrs. S. was always on the lookout for new flowers, many
of which were beautiful beyond description ; the children were
interested in all outdoors, and the fourth member of the party
was ' ' bugologist, ' ' nimrod, camp tender or idler as the occasion
demanded. But we were all out to study nature, and our main
regret was that our friends could not enjoy it with us.
As we sat about the campfire that night we recalled what wi-
ll ad seen during the day, the Antolmis grotei and . //;<,' . cipris that
we had seen on some large compositae ; the four line chipmunk
which we supposed was Tamias quadvitatus , but which the taxi-
dermist recently wrote me, " is probably a new species ;" the
hummingbird upon her nest in a brier patch that \ve watt-lied
for a time and attempted to photograph. That first night in
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I 17
the wilds ! It was some time before we sank into slumber-
broken occasionally by the strange wood noises. About ^ A.M.
\\x- awoke shivering. A fire was quickly kindled and it was
kept roaring until daylight. \Ye were read}- and willing to
make an early start, but found that we were unfamiliar with
our team, for at the first hill Gray stopped as though never to
go again. \Ve argued the case but to no advantage ; we un-
loaded ; we unhitched and drove a team without a wagon,
then rehitched, but still there was no .<;<> , we applied a tough
persuader. Finally, while we were lamenting the situation
and debating the advisability of a slow fire under the sphinx-
like creature, a team came from the opposite direction and the
driver wished to pass but the road was too narrow. He finally
came to our assistance with a long lithe whip and Gray soon
moved on once more. We learned that Gray needed, in fact,
must have, a down hill pull the first thing in the morning if
we wished to avoid trouble. Give him an easy start and he-
was good for all day, but up a steep incline, just after break-
fast, there he put his foot down. The next event of import-
ance w'as the descent of Floyd's Hill, a feat for which none of
our friends or enemies had prepared us ; our friends because they
did not wish to discourage us ; our enemies, because they hoped
we would never come back. Imagine, if you can, a rocky hill
over a mile in length, every step of which seems the jumping
off place, yet as one makes the various turns in the road and
looks ahead, the descent is found always to be a little less than
90. One at the reins and one at the brakes, we finally made it,
then took a long breath, remembered that home and friends lay
beyond that hill and wondered if there was a way around it.
The natives assured us there was not. Like the elassir writer
who crossed the Rubicon, we passed on but wondered what the
mountain* were, if this was Floyd's /////. We were too busy that
day managing brake and reins to do any collecting. If there-
were insects we failed to see them. This was Saturday and
late that evening we went into cam]) on the banks of Clear
Creek, just beyond Idaho Springs. Here we- -.pent Sunday
resting and writing to friends. Here we enjoyed our first
rainstorm in camp, heard the thunder roll about the rocky peaks
IlS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
and at night slept the sleep of the tired. Thus we were ready
for an early start Monday morning. Our way to Middle Park
was through Lawson and Empire City, then on and up over
Berthoud's Pass. Distances are ever deceptive in the moun-
tains. One rancher said it was seven miles up and three down.
We didn't know how far it was to the summit, but toward eve-
ning, after winding slowly along an uphill road since about
9 A.M. , we came to a little log cabin and decided to camp and let
our horses have the enjoyment of a roof over their heads. On
the way up some insects were seen, Phyciodes, Chionobas, Mc-
laporphyra, Chrys. helloides, etc. Mosquitos were thick until
about 6.30, then the air became too cold. We decided to
spend a day or two in this locality and collect on the summit,
which we learned was one and one-half miles away. The fol-
lowing morning the taxidermist sallied forth early, armed for
conquest, but returned before 9 o'clock with some birds and
pine squirrels. Then the " bugologist" started up the trail.
Soon Argy>inis hclcna were found in abundance and a short
distance farther up it was a pleasure to note the erratic flight
of a Chionobas. Then the pursuit of these wiley mountaineers
began and a dozen or more were captured. The identity of these
is not yet settled, but they seem to be ii/ilcri. On the summit
it was cold and windy, too much so for insects except a few
Mdita\i, so the homeward journey soon began. A few A.
cnrvnoinc several Anthocliaris ansonidcs, P/cn's rcnosa and some
Pamphila were taken, seventy specimens in all by i o'clock,
including a species of C 'hiouobas new to the collector. The mos-
quitos then had their inning until dark, and the next morning
we broke camp and begun the ascent. As the first thing was
a pull up hill, Gray was obstinate, and in the midst of the
argument the brake broke and came near allowing the wagon
to go over the mountain side. We hastily repaired the damage
and by 7.30 A.M. were on the summit, over 11,000 feet above
sea level and with snow banks near at hand.
(To be Continued.)
MR. H. VV. WEN/EL has taken in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, up-
wards of 40 species of Scydmaenidie. Before he became interested in
this work there were only about ten species known from this vicinity.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will he given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along*
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. ED.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1901.
Improvements in photographic illustrating in entomology
are still being made and will doubtless go on until the method
becomes perfect. As we have already said, the one great
feature attained is mechanically correct maculation and con-
tour. The color-screen and isochromatic plates give fairly
correct color values, even for reds and yellows. By exposing
a number of plates a perfect negative may be obtained. If the
specimens are pinned on little corks, gummed on glass, shadows
may be eliminated.
\\'e often have photographs sent us with large unsightly
labels showing. Such labels should always be removed before
the photograph is made. The great objection to the three
color process at present is the expense, but doubtless the cost
will be reducted by competition just as it was in the case of
the ordinary half-tone. The NEWS desires to continue to
maintain a high standard in this kind of work, as it believes in
the great future and value to entomology along this line.
i^ A \_ c*. , .iiii,Lii-V~ ll l v i \tiiii\^ t\ J v~iiivsjii.\si.\'^ >
Notes and News
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.
NICHOLAS KUSNEZOW in speaking of Lihythea <v///.s- -ays : " The but-
terfly in repose exactly resembles a dead leaf, just as many tropical
Rhopalocera act, with the famous Kalliina inuc/iis at the head. The cir-
cumstances that I.ihylhea cclti.\ makes use of its palpi and antenna.- for
119
I2O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
simulation of a stalk of a leaf, is very singular, as no tropical " leaf-
shaped" butterfly does it. In this respect L. celtis is unique. This
species inclines forward, stretches its palpi and antemne, touching with
them the leafless twig, and raises the anal angles of the hind wings." It
would be interesting to observe whether our species, Libythea bac/nnaiii
has this habit. H. SKINNEK.
THE U. S. National Museum has obtained by purchase the Microlepi-
doptera of the collection of Anton Schmid and the collection of Dr. Ottmar
Hoffmann, with the exception of the Sesiidce, Psvchidie, Tortricidce,
Tineidse and Plerophoridoe of Hofmann's collection, which had been sold
te Lord Walsingham. The combined collections contain over 15,600
specimens in excellent preservation. All the species are of the European
fauna and give the National Museum an excellent representation of that
fauna, except in the Sesiidoe and Psychidae, which were taken from the
Hofmann collection and not included in the " Micros " of the Schmid col-
lection. The purchase was made through the kind office of Prof. A. R.
Grote, of Hildesheim, Germany. A notice of Anton Schmid will be
found in " Berichte des Naturw. Vereines in Regensburg," 1898 1899 and
Dr. O. Hofmann in the same journal, and also in the " Illust. Zeitschr.
fiir Ent.," V, 140, 1900. HARRISON G. DVAR.
Entomological Literature.
COMPILED BY P. P. CALVERT.
Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North
and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contribu-
tions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, relating to Ameri-
can or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in HEAVY-FACKD TYPE refer to the
journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published ; * denotes
that the paper in quest ion contains descript ions of new North American forms. Titles of all
articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usually such articles are written
in the same language as the title of thejournal containing them, but when such articles are in
other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets.
4. The Canadian Entomologist. London, Out., March, '01. 5. Psyche,
Cambridge, Mass., March, '01. 8. The Entomologist's Monthly Maga-
zine. London, March, '01. 11. The Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, London, '01. 13. Comptes Rendus. Societe de Biologic, Paris,
P"eb., 2, '01. 15. Biolojjia Centrali-Americana, parts clx, Dec., 'oo ;
clxi, Jan., '01, London. Rec'd. Mar. 14, '01. 19. Hone Societatis En-
tomologicae Rosssicae, xxxiii, 1-2 ; xxxiv, 3-4, St. Petersburg, 'oo. Rec'd.
March, '01. 21. The Entomologist's Record, London, February 15, '01.
22. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic, 'OT. H7. Le Naturaliste Cana-
dicn, Chicoutimi, Quebec, February, '01. J5H. Wiener Entomologisclif
1901] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121
/titling, xx, 1-2, Jan. 31, '01. 55. Le Naturaliste, Paris, '01. <>7. En-
tomologiske Tidskrift, Stockholm, xxi, Haft i, March 9, 'oo, Haft 2, Aug.
18. 'oo, Haft 3-4, Jan. 31, '01. All rec'd. Feb. 23, 'or. G9. Bolletino,
Societa Entomologica Italiana, xxxii, Florence. Tr. i, May 20, 'oo : Tr. 2,
July 3r, 'oo ; Tr. 3, Oct. 31, 'oo. All rec'd. March, 'or. 81. Biologisches
Centralblatt, Erlangen, Feb. i, '01. 84. Insekten Burse, Leipsic, 'm.
lli). Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, Ixvii, i, i. Berlin, Dec., 'oo. Rec'd.
Mar. 13, '01. 13<>. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, Ixi, 7-12, 'oo.
14(>. The Entomological Student, Philadelphia, i, 5, Oct., 'oo ; ii, i Feb.
15 ; 2, Mar. 15, 'or. 147. Proceedings, American Association for the
Advancement of Science, 49th meeting at New York, June, 'oo. Easton,
Pa., Dec., 'oo.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Allen, H. A. On an insect
from the coal measures of South Wales \_Fouquea canibrensisn. sp.], fig.,
Geological Magazine, London, Feb., 'or. Aiiou. Baron M. E. de
Selys-Longchamps (portrait), 21. Brauer, F. Joseph Mik (portrait),
38. Chapman, T. A. Acanthopsyche opacella : instinct altered when
parasitised, 8. Fabre, J. H. Souvenirs Entomologiques Sixieme
Se"rie Etudes sur 1'instinct et les mceurs des Insects. Paris. Delagrave
Not dated. Figs. Portrait of author Rec'd. Jan., 1901. Haacke,
W., and Kulmert, W. Das Thierleben der Erde. Berlin, Martin
Oldenbourg. To be issued in 40 Lieferungen at i mark each, forming
when completed three volumes, with 620 text figs., and 120 "chromoty-
pographic " plates. Lieferungen 2-17 rec'd. The animals are grouped
according to habitat as forest, plain, human habitations, water and its sur-
roundings, and subsequently geographically. Hes.se, K. On the so-
called simple eyes of insects, 22, Jan. 21. Hon.ssay, F. La Forme et
la Vie. Essai de la Methode Mecanique en Zoologie. Paris. C. Rein-
wald, Schleicher Freres. 1900. Svo. 924 pp., 782 text figs Kellogg 1 ,
V. L. Insects and spiders of the Galapagos Islands, 5. McLachlaii,
R. Baron M. E. de Selys-Longchamps, 8. Oliaus, F. On an ento-
mological journey to Central Brazil (cont), 13<>. Poiiltoii, E. B.
The influence of Darwin upon entomology, 21. Radl. E. On photo-
tropism of some Arthropods, 81. Schmeil, O. Text- Book of Zoology
treated from a biological standpoint. Translated from the German by
Rudolph Rosenstock. Edited by J. T. Cunningham. Part iii Inverte-
brates. London : Adam & Charles Black, 1900. Svo. Air-breathing
Arthropods, pp. 307-412, figs. Tower, W. L. Some of the internal
changes which accompany ecdysis in insects, 147. Verrall, G. H.
Names of legs of insects, 8.
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Cliapais, ,J. ('. The pea
aphis, 37. Del Guercio, G. Observations on a new Coccid injuri-
ous to dims sineiisis in Italy and on the mode of immiini/ing the woody
part of plants against the punctures of Coccids in general, and of destroy
ing the latter, figs., i pi., <H>, 2. Donitz, \V. On gnats, S4, Jan. 31.
Fletcher, I. Practical Entomology (The spread of lyphoid fever by
122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
flies), 4. Kellogg, V. L. The San Jose scale in Japan, Science, New
York, Mar. 8, 'or. Lampa, S. Ocneria dispar, i pi., 67, i ; Report
of the State Entomologist for 1899 [in Swedish]. 67, 2 Lowe, V. H.
Miscellaneous notes on injurious insects, figs. Bulletin 180, New York
Agric. Exper. Station, Geneva, N. Y., Dec., 'oo Noel, P. The peach
aphis, 55, Mar. i. Plumaeher, E. H. Remedy against mosquitoes
[Planting of castor-oil beans], Consular Reports Ixv, No. 246 Wash-
ington, Mar., '01 Quaintaiice, A. Li. Insect Notes, i. pi., I3th An-
nual Report, Georgia Exper. Station, State College of Agric. and Me-
chanic Arts, Experiment, Ga., Jan., '01. Riviere, C. and Liecq, H.
Means of defense to oppose against the Acridians of Algeria, Bulletin,
Societe Nationale d'Acclimatation de France, Paris, Aug., 'oo. Sander-
son, E. E>. Some plant-lice affecting peas, clover and lettuce, figs., 4.
Sjostedt, Y. San Jose scale, its developmental stages and biology,
figs [in Swedish], 67, 2. Slingerlaiid, M. V. The palmer-worm
\_YposolopJnis pometellus Harr.], figs., Bulletin 187, Cornell University
Agric. Exper. Station, Ithaca, N. Y., January, '01. Sparkes, C. W.
Locust destruction and use of fungus, The Agricultural Journal, Cape
Town, Jan. [7, '01. de Vevey, S. A. Pseudo parasitism of Chelifi-r
cancroides in man ; Three observations of erucic stomatitis provoked by
the larva of Liparis chryssorhcea L., 13. Wilcox, E. V. Abstracts of
recent publications, Experiment Station Record, xii, 6, Washington, '01.
AKACHNIDA. Cambridge, F. O. P. Arachnida Araneidea,
vol. ii, pp. 177-192, pi. xiii, 15, clx ; id., pp. 193-208, pi. xiv [Salticinae*],
15, clxi. Cambridge, O. P. Arachnida Araneidea, vol. i., pi. xxxvi,
15, clx. Dabl, F. Foundation of a scientifically useful collection of
spiders, Sitzungs-Berichte, Gesellschaft der naturforschenden Freunde in
Berlin, Jan. 15, 'or. Foa, A. Do polymorphism and parthenogenesis
exist in the Gamasidae? [Answer to both questions : no.], 13 figs., 69, 2.
Katbariiier, L. Observations on care of the young in a spider (Stego-
dyphns liiieatns Latr. ), 81. Leonardi, O. Natural history of the in-
sect-inhabiting Acarids [i, Wandering forms ; 2, Commensals ; 3, True
parasites], 69, i. Thor S. Mites as enemies of ants, Nyt Magazin for
Naturvidenskaberne, 37 Bind, 4 Hefte, Christiania, 1900. Tragardb,
I. Nothrus nia.viiniis, a new Oribatid found fossil in the Glossothenum
cave and still living in Patagonia, figs., 22, Jan., 21. Trouessart, E.
Description of new species of Halacaridre, Bulletin, Societe" d'Etudes
Scientifiques d'Angers, xxix, 1900. Tullsren, A. Two new species of
Chelonethi (Pseudoscorpions) from America*, 67, 2.
PROTOTRACHEATA. Bouvier, E. L. Characters and affin-
ities of an Onychophore of Chili, Peripatopsis Blaiircillci Blanchard, 22,
Feb., 4. Purcell, W. F. On the anatomy of Opistliopatits cinctipcs
Pure., with notes on other, principally South African, Onychophora, 3
pis., Annals, South African Museum, ii, 4. London, Dec. 4, 'oo.
MYKIOPODA. Verboett, C. W. Contributions to knowledge
of palaearctic Myriopods, xvii, 2 pis., 119.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123
COLLKMBOLA. VVahlgren, E. On some new Collembola
from southwestern Patagonia, i pi., 67, 3-4.
ORTHOPTERA. Hay ward, K. The katydid's call in relation
to temperature, 5. Laurent, P. Some further notes on Te/nn/, in
sinensis (Sauss.), i pi., 14G, ii, 2. Scuddcr, S. H. Four new species
of Hippiscus*, 4. Seiss, C. F. Notes on Stagomantis Carolina, 14<>,
ii, 2.
HEMIPTERA. Berg, C. Rectifications and annotations to the
Synopsis of the Hemiptera of Chile, by E. C. Reed. Anales, Museo
Nacional de Buenos Aires, vii, Nov. 22. 'oo. Cliainpioii, G. C- Rhyn-
chota Heteroptera, vol. ii, pp. 345-368, pis. xx, xxi [Gelastocoridse,
Nepidae*, BelostomidBe], 15, clxi. Cockerell, T. D. A., and King,
G. B. Notes on Crypticerya Townscndi Ckll , fig., 5. Distant, W.
L. Description of a new species of Cicada from the Bahama Islands, 8.
Gillette, C. P. Identification of two of Fitch's species, viz., Dclto-
ccphalns melsheimeri and Chlorotetti.i- unicolor, 5. Gross, J. Re-
searches on the ovary of the Hemiptera as well as a contribution to the
question of amitosis, Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Ixix, 2,
Leipsic, Feb. 15, '01. Haiidlirscli, A. New contributions to know-
ledge of stridulating organs in the Rhynchota, figs., Verhandlungen, k.k.
zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 1, 10, Jan. 28, 'or, Hem-
pel, A. Descriptions of Brazilian Coccidae, 11, Feb. Kirkaldy, G.
\V. Evolution of our present knowledge of the British Rhynchota, 21.
Lugger, O. Hemiptera or Bugs injurious in Minnesota, figs. Sixth
Annual Report of the Entomologist of the State Experiment Station of
the University of Minnesota to the Governor for the year 1900. St. An-
thony Park, Minn., Dec., i, 'oo. Macgillivray, A. D. Cicadidae :
American genera and species, 4. Mordwilko, A. On the biology
and morphology of plant-lice, fam. Aphidte [in Russian], parts ii, iii, 11),
xxxiii, 1-2. Newstead, K. On the progress in the study of the Coc-
cidae, 21.
COLEOPTERA. Aurivillius, ('. See Lepidoptera. Beau-
lieu, G. Scarabaeidce of the Province of Quebec (cont ). 37. Brad-
ley, J. C. On the distribution of the Cicindelidae, 14<>, i, 5. Brown-
ing, G. W. List of Cicindelidoe taken in Salt Lake Co., Utah, and ad-
joining counties, 14<>, i, 5. Castle, D. M. Dichelonycha fuscula [at
Philadelphia], 14G, ii, i. Cockerell, T. I). A. Cicindt-Ia lcf>uhi in
New Mexico, 14O, i, 5. CrevecoMir. F. F. Notes on the Cicincle-
lidie of Onaga, Kansas, 14O, ii, i. Davis, C. A. The distribution of
the Endomychidae, 14<>, ii, 2. Jakowleft', B. E. Description of some
new species of the family Lucanidae,* figs., 19, xxxiv, 3-4 Pic, M.
Description of new Coleoptera, 55, Feb. i. Planet, L. Monographic-
essay on the Coleoptera of the genera Lucanus and Pseudolucanus (cont. ),
tigs.. 55, Mar. i. Kaspail, X. Mclolanlha and its cycles, Revn<-
Sricntifique, Paris, Mar. 2, '01. Rest, N. E. Notes on the Cicindelida-
124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
of Central Pennsylvania, 146, i, 5. Scmciiow, A. On a new genus
of the family Hydrophilidae and contributions to the study of morpholo-
gical parallelism [in Latin and Russian], 19, xxxiv, 3-4. Tower, AV.
L. On the origin and distribution of Leptinotarsa decem-lineata Say,
and the part that some of the climatic factors have played in its dissem-
ination, 147. Tscliitsclierine, T. Memoir on the tribe Harpalini ;
Notes on the Platysmatini of the Museum of Natural History of Paris,*
Revision of the submenus Bothriopterus Chaud. (genus P/afysma Bon.,
Tsch.), 19, xxiv, 3-4.
DIPTERA. Berlese, A. On the modifications of some tissues
during the metamorphosis of Calliplwra crythroccphala, 69, 3. Cliag 1 -
noii, G. Preliminary studies on the Syrphidce of the province of Quebec
(cont.), 37; Preliminary list, No. i, of Canadian Diptera, 146, ii, i, 2,-
Hemlel, F. Contribution to knowledge of the Calliphorinae, 38
Melicliar, LJ. On the occurrence of Drosophila ampelophila in great
numbers, 38. v. Roder, V. Triclioscelis n. gen., Dasypogoninae,
Diptera, 136. Speiser, P. On the Nycteribidae. bat-parasites of the
group of Diptera Pupipara, i pi., 119 Supiiio. F. Observations on
phenomena occurring during the postembryonic development of Calli-
phora cry throe ephala, 2 pis., 69, 2 ; Open letter to Prof. Antonio Ber-
lese [on metamorphotic phenomena in Calliphord\, 69, 3. Williston,
S. W. Diptera, vol. i, pp. 217-248. [Supplementary ; various families*],
15, clx.
LEPIDOPTERA. Aurivillius, C. Lepidoptera and Coleoptera
collected by Prof. A. G. Nathorst's Arctic Expedition of 1898-9, by the
Swedish Expedition to Bear Island in 1899, and by Conservator G. Kolt-
hoff's Expedition to Greenland, 1900. [In Swedish.] Ofversigt, Kongl.
Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 1900, No. 10, Stockholm.
Dogiiiii, P. Description of new Lepidoptera, 55, Feb. i. Dyar, H.
GT. Life-histories of North American Geometridas, xx, 5 Fernald,
C. H. A century of Lepidopterology in North America, 21. God-
111:111, F. D. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, vol. ii, pp. 557-588, pis. xcix,
c, 15, clx [Pamphilinae*], id., pp. 589-596, 15, clxi. Hampsoii, G. F.
The Lepidoptera-Phalsenae of the Bahamas""", 11, Mar. Hilse, O. Are
birds butterfly-hunters?, 84, Feb. 7. Kaye, W. J. Progress in the
classification of the Sphingides during a century and a half, 21. L/ag'er-
lieim, G. On the question of the means of defense of plants against
caterpillars, 67, 3-4. Moore, F. Lepidoptera Indica, part xlviii.
London, Lovell, Reeve & Co. 1900. Rec'd. Mar. 14, '01. [Vol.iv,
pp. 225-260, index, title page, description of plates. Pis. 373-378. Nym-
phalinoe, group Argynnina.] Plateau, F. Protective resemblance in
the chrysalids of Rhopalocera, figs., 55, Feb. 15. Quail, A. Marginal
wing bristles in Lepidoptera, fig., Entomologist, London, Feb., '01.
Rye, H. B. New histories in Hydroecia, 4. Schaus, AV. Descrip-
tion of some nt-w species of Heterocera,* 11, Mar. Sicli, A. Illustra-
tions of Lepidoptera, being imprints of impressions, 21.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125
II YMKNOPTEKA.- Emery, C. On the thorax of ants and par-
ticularly of the neuters, 14 figs., (>t>, i. Liigcrheim, G. On Lasiusfn/i-
ginosus Latr. and its fungus culture, 67, i. Stoyel, A. C- A curious
instance of the labor-saving instinct in the leaf-cutting bees, Transactions
of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society, x, 5, London and Hertford,
Sept., 'oo. Thor, S. See Arachnida.
Doings of Societies.
The fourteenth regular meeting of the Harris Club was held
at 35 Court Street, Boston, on the evening of February 15,
i go i , Mr. Newcomb presiding. Six new members were elected,
nameh- : Miss Denton, Miss Blount and Miss Wiswell, all of
\Vellesley, Mass. ; Messrs. J. H. Herrick of Hudson, Mass.,
A. J. L,ewis of Boston, and Charles A. Osgood of Newton ville,
Mass.
Mr. Bolster opened the discussion of ' winter collecting '
with an account of methods pursued in collecting Coleoptera,-
sifting, examination of ant-hills, bark, etc. Mr. Swett told of
a harvest of Ichneumonidae obtained from a pine stump. Mr.
Morse exhibited a series of the Orthoptera which may be found
in New England during the winter.
Mr. Lowell told of a water beetle, species undetermined,
which has lived in an aquarium for three years. Mr. Rogers
described the killing of young turtles by water beetles.
Mr. Harvey Mitchell showed a melanic male of Colias p/iilo-
dicc from Medford, Mass., and an Argynnis, supposed to be
iiiyrina, from Bryantville, Mass., which displayed excessive
development of the silver markings of the under surfaces of the
secondaries, the interspaces being solid patches of silver.
Mr. Burrison exhibited some butterflies from Yellowstone
Park. \V. L,. \V. FIELD, Secretary.
The regular stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social
was held March 20, 1901, at the residence of H. \V. \\\-n/el,
1523 South 1 3th St. Thirteen members present. Visitor, Mr.
H. Viercck. President Mr. Charles \V. Johnson in the chair.
Professor Smith stated that one of the larvae of m<>M|uiu>es
126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
mentioned at the last meeting had changed to the pupa state
on March ijth. He also said that his observations upon mos-
quitoes were made in winter, while those of Dr. Howard
were made in summer and on a different species ; this might
account for the difference in the conclusions to which they
arrived.
Mr. Johnson asked if there was any plant life in the water,
and Professor Smith stated that there was quite a good deal of
organic matter in the pitcher plant when he collected the mos-
quitoes, and all of the contents was placed in the water. The
water had not become foul on account of the lack of plant life.
Dr. Skinner said that many years ago mosquitoes were con-
sidered important factors in keeping water pure, but now they
are injurious to man as carriers of disease, and the bad proba-
bly overbalances the good they do. He spoke about the rela-
tion of yellow fever and mosquitoes, and stated that the period
between biting and the appearance of the disease was placed at
thirteen days. On account of the time taken for the mosquito
to become virulent he thought that that the disease might be
caused by a proto/oan, and not by bacteria.
Mr. Wenzel said that a vessel arrived at this port some years
ago with a cargo of rags from an infected district, and the
disease was spread through the city.
Dr. Skinner stated that the insects are carried by ships and
freight cars to different places, and by biting people would
cause yellow fever to appear in districts a long distance from
the original source of the disease.
Mr. Johnson stated that it has been proven that some species
of mosquitoes carry disease and others do not.
Dr. Skinner said that the water supply of Havana had been
made much purer within the last two years, but yellow fever
exists as violently as before, and this seems to show that water
supplies do not carry the disease as much as has been suppose.
Dr. Skinner exhibited specimens of PsalidoguaiJius fricndii,
a beautiful, large, green longicorn from South America. They
came packed in a cigar box with cotton and cut cork, and evi-
dently had not been killed, as the alimentary canal was full of
cotton from the head to the latter extremity, from which some
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127
of the cotton protruded. Hunger had evidently caused them
to eat the cotton in comparatively large quantities which they
could not digest.*
Mr. Fox read a note upon the generic name Moncdula which
had been used for a genus in Ornithology in 1762, and also in
Hymenoptera in 1802. As the name used in Ornithology has
priority a new one must be used in Hymenoptera, and Stictia
Illiger, proposed in 1807, was suggested.
A discussion upon priority and pronunciation of scientific
names took place and Professor Smith mentioned three names
which in England would be pronounced the same way, but on
the continent would be given an entirely different pronunciation.
Mr. Johnson spoke about the effect of pith upon insect pins.
He received a number of insects from Germany mounted upon
pith, and, in looking at the insects recently, found that that
part of the pin which had been in the pith was eaten away,
and the insects were lying at the bottom of the box. Professor
Smith said that if the pith was not perfectly dried it might
cause the damage spoken of.
Dr. Skinner asked about the best method of mounting mos-
quitoes, and Mr. Johnson suggested using small pins or mount-
ing like Coleoptera.
Mr. Boerner moved that a vote of thanks be extended to Dr.
Skinner for the able manner in which he entertained us at the
last meeting.
\VlLLlAM R. REINICK, Secretary.
A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held
February 28th, Dr. Philip P. Calvert, President, in the chair.
Thirteen persons were present. Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited
his fine collection of Lampyridn\ which contains nearly every
described North American species. Dr. Skinner exhibited
some agave pith from California, and said it was excellent for
lining store boxes and boxes for mailing insects. Mr. YVenzel
said an objection to its use for permanent collections was the
* On further examination it seemed likely that the cotton h.ul
artificially introduced from the posterior part of the body.
128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April,
fact that it corroded the points of the pins. Mr. Johnson said
palmetto pith would destroy the ends of pins. Dr. Skinner
exhibited specimens mounted according to a method devised by
Prof. O. B. Johnson of Seattle, Washington. Dr. Calvert gave
an account of a bicycle trip he had made during the summer
of '98 to the lake region of the southeasern part of New York
State and the adjoining region in Pennsylvania. The time was
between July i6th and August 5th ; twenty-two ponds being-
visited in search of Odonata. The collecting in the mountain-
ous parts was not particularly good. The most favorable
places were found to be Sawkill Pond near Milford, Pa., and
in Sullivan County, N. Y., at De Bruce and White L,ake.
EnaUa^iiia pollution w r as one of the interesting finds, inasmuch
as it had been originally described from Florida and subse-
quently from Maine. The speaker had also taken it at Clemen-
ton, N. J. l<,naUagma piscinarinm was taken at Silver Lake
near the Gap. The difference between this and gcminatitni
was pointed out. The collections made were exhibited and
Dr. Calvert spoke favorably of this region as a collecting place
for the entomologist.
DR. HENRY SKINNER, Secretary.
A regular meeting of the Newark Entomological Societ}-
was held Sunday, March loth, at 3 P. M., at Turn Hall,
fifteen members and three visitors being present. President
Buchholtz presided. Mr. Luccareni was elected secretary to
take the place of Mr. Kemp, who will leave in a few days for
an extended collecting trip through Arizona. Mr. Stortz re-
ported the capture of Panagtzus fasciatus at Springfield, N. J.,
March 3d. The genus Arsama was discussed by the members
present, and Messrs. Buchholt/,, Reinecker, Halterman and
Straub exhibited specimens for comparison.
G. A. LUCCARENI, Secretary.
We regret to announce the death of Mr. Frederick Clarkson,
of New York, a subscriber to the NEWS, who was interested
in general entomology.
ENT. NKWS, Vol. XII.
VI
'
AMBLYCORYPHA OBLONGIFOLIA
J MENRY BLAKE. PINX.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
VOL. XII. MAY, 1901. No. 5.
CONTENTS:
Scudder Pink Grasshoppers 129
Williamson Preservation of Colors in
Dragonflies (Odonata) 131
Webb Notes on Cychrus, with the
Description of a New Species.... 133
Johnson A New Method for Perma-
nently Mounting Insects 136
Fox Letters from Thomas Say to John
F. Melsheimer, 1816-1825. Ill I3
Snyder Over the Range in a Wagon
(to be continued) 141
Editorial 148
Entomological Literature 149
Economic Entomology 153
Notes and News 158
Doings ofSocieties 159
Pink Grasshoppers.
By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, Cambridge, Mass.
See plate VI.
The insects commonly called grasshoppers by English speak-
ing peoples are separated by naturalists into two great families,
in one of which the antennae are much shorter than the body
and moderately thick, while in the other they are longer, often
very much longer, than the body, and are exceedingly slender,
tapering and thread like.
The former are generally found on the ground and as a
rule are of some brown color, while the latter, at least when
winged, are commonly confined to trees and bushes and are
usually green. There are, however, many exceptions both as
to habitat and color. The long- horned or green grasshoppers
are usually green throughout, or with the exception of some
minute and inconspicuous spots or streaks ; but many species
exist in two forms, one of which is grass-green, while the other
is dead-leaf-brown, there being no difference between them, ex-
cept in the general tint.
It is to this group of grasshoppers that belong all the noisy
tribes of Orthoptera i excepting only the crickets ), of which the
130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
katydid is an example, and which stridulate by rubbing together
the bases of the fore wings, provided for the purpose \vith a
sort of tambourine, a tense thin membrane stiffened by cross
ribs ; all these songsters are males, the wings of the females
being unprovided with the apparatus necessary to produce a
sound. The short-horned grasshoppers stridulate but feebly,
and generally by scraping their fore wings with the hind
thighs fiddle fashion.
Very rarely it has been recorded less than a dozen times-
one of these long-horned grasshoppers is found of a violet or
pink color instead of green or brown. It occurs only as a rare
' sport." A pair of these, belonging to the species known as
Amblycorypha oblongjfolia, are figured on our plate, painted
from life, as they were feeding on the flowers of golden rod,
which they devour with great zest.
The female with its sabre-like ovipositor is shown above, the
male below. The female is of a pale coral red verging on ma-
genta, the abdomen a shade paler, while the male is of an
orange red. The tegmina or fore wings of the female are of a
very clear color, with scarcely a single fleck of brown, while
those of the male are much dotted with brown (at least as com-
pared with what we ordinarily find in this genus) and flecked
longitudinally with yellow, while the stridulating field, the
tambourine, is almost entirely dull brown, and an obscure
patch of the same color, more distinct on one wing than on the
other, appears beyond the middle. In both, the palpi are of the
color of the body, but the eyes are green and the antennae
luteous, as in normal examples.
This pair of pink grasshoppers was captured at Woods Holl,
Mass., at the end of August, 1886, and other specimens were
taken during the same month, one so early as the ninth of
August. The first example of the sort that I ever saw was
a female of another species of the same genus, Amblycorpyha
rotundifolia, taken on Sharp Mt., Pennsylvania, at the end of
August, 1878, and sent me by the late Dr. Joseph L,eidy.
Riley, however, records a pink specimen of A. oblongifolia in
his Sixth Missouri Report (p. 169), and Johnson speaks of
another in Science for 1889, p. 32.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131
Brunner, in his monograph of the subfamily Phaneropterinse,
to which these grasshoppers belong, gives instances of similar
sports in other members of the same group, but I cnnnot learn
that the phenomenon is known in Europe, which, however,
possesses very few species of Phaneropterinae, excepting such
as are short winged, in which it could not appear to such ad-
vantage ; but the phenomenon is not wholly confined to this
group, since an example of it has been found in the true katy-
did, Cyrtophyllus pcrspidllatus, belonging to a distinct subfam-
ily, Pseudophyllinpe, taken at Point Pleasant, New Jersey,
1883, as reported in the proceedings of the Philadelphia
Academy by Lewis ; and a species allied to it was named rosct-
ceus by Stal, on account of the color of the wings in a specimen
seen by him from Central America. The Pseudophyllinse are
not found in Europe.
I have never heard of this phenomenon in any other subfam-
ily, such, for instance, as the Conocephalinae, where we some-
times find dichromatism green and brown varieties.
The causes \vhich produce this curious sport among green
grasshoppers are wholly unknown. The specimens I saw alive
appeared quite healthy and acted in a normal manner. One
thinks at once of autumn leaves and their change from green
to red, and notices that these grasshopper cases all occur in the
autumn, so far as known ; but then it is only in the autumn
that these insects mature and have their wings, and one of
those taken at Woods Holl was found as early as August gth.
Kven to the end of August, all residents at Woods Holl in 1886
insisted upon it that they had had no temperature at all ap-
proaching the freezing point ; and finally what are we to say to
Stal's rosaccus, taken at Chiriqui in Costa Rica? I leave these
questions to the physiologists.
Preservation of Colors in Dragonflies (Odonata).
By E. B. WILLIAMSON.
The following note is offered more as a suggestion than as a
statement of any positive results. The experiments were tried
with only one species. I'jnillagma civile. At the time I was
132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
unable to obtain other desirable species in numbers sufficient to
test the methods. I would suggest that similar experiments on
some species of Sympetrum and some ^Kschna or Anax might
yield something of interest in the way of color preservation.
More than two hundred males of Enallagma civile were
caught one forenoon, and the following conclusions result from
treating these specimens in various ways. Mr. D. A. Atkin-
son, of Pittsburg, has had good results in the preservation of
herpetological material by thoroughly hardening in formalin
solution and then using a solution of zinc sulphate (ZN
SO 4 , i pound; H 2 O, 3 gals.) for the permanent preserv-
ing fluid. This will not do, however, for dragonflies. Thor-
oughly hardened in 95 per cent, alcohol or 6 per cent, forma-
lin and then placed in zinc sulphate solution the} 7 slowly
blackened and spoiled. They spoiled more rapidly if placed in
the zinc sulphate without previous hardening. Specimens pre-
served in 6 per cent, formalin, in a few days turned dark
obscure reddish. Formalin is, at the best, an unsafe perma-
nent preservative for material of any kind. In glass stoppered
jars, sealed w r ith vaseline, it disappears, not, as often stated, by
evaporation, but by decomposition. It is valuable in fixing
the colors of fishes, salamanders, etc., but even in strong solu-
tion does not seem able to set the colors of Enallagmas.
Specimens were placed in 95 per cent, alcohol. In this,
colors are natural after three months. Specimens were papered
after being in alcohol eight days. Color preservation good,
shrinkage bad. Specimens papered after one month in
alcohol did not shrink any more than those of eight
days, but there was some whitening of postocular spots
and blue of thorax. Specimens were papered after four hours
in benzine. Color preservation good, but the blue of thorax
took on a slight violet tinge. After a few hours in benzine
specimens soften and the abdominal segments fall apart easily.
Specimens hardened in alcohol, then placed two days in ben-
zine, and finally papered had the colors almost perfectly pre-
served, but with the hint of a white line on either side of the
black mid-dorsal stripe. Specimens placed four hours in ace-
tone and then papered also had the colors well preserved, but
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133
with some whitening anteriorly of the antehumeral blue line.
Specimens placed in acetone are hardened and do not soften
and break up as in benzine. Specimens previously hardened
in alcohol do not soften in benzine. Specimens were placed
four hours in acetone, eight hours in benzine, and papered.
There was no shrinking or breaking, and color preservation was
good with the exception of some whitening of the postocular
spots and the blue of the thorax. This last method I am
especially anxious to see tried with some of the larger species
mentioned above. Discoloration of specimens which are
allowed to dry without any treatment seems to be due to putre-
faction in the course of drying, and later the possible spread of
oily matter from the ovaries or alimentary tract. Acetone is
miscible in both water and benzine. Specimens taken from the
cyanide bottle and placed in it sink at once. A few hours
should suffice to replace all the watery fluids of the insects by
acetone. Transferred to benzine, the acetone is replaced by
benzine, and the fats are dissolved. Taken from benzine the
specimens dry almost at once ; and the water and fats are thus
removed within a few hours. All the specimens treated with
alcohol, benzine and acetone, and then papered, were subse-
quently relaxed in the ordinary way. Hardening by the
chemicals did not interfere with pinning and spreading the
specimens of this small species for the cabinet.
Notes on Cychrus t with the Description of a
New Species.
By J. L,. WEBB, Pullman, Washington.
Cychrus idahoensis n. sp. Black, with indistinct bronze lustre ; form
elongate, rather convex , head moderately elongate, smooth, shining ;
geme incised ; thorax cordate, slightly wider than long, sides arcuate,
oblique posteriorly, with little or no sinuation ; pronotum feebly convex
hind angles slightly obtuse ; median longitudinal line with the two ante-
rior lines running cephalo-laterad from it, sharply defined ; basal impres-
sion moderate ; lateral longitudinal impressions well defined at base, very
taint or obsolete at middle ; elytra oval, convex, more attenuate behind
than in front, the margins narrowly reflexed, with no trace of green or
gold coloring; surface u striate, stria.- more or less interrupted by the
134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
interspaces running together, especially toward the margins and poste-
riorly ; body beneath smooth and shining. Length 11.5-13.3 mm.
Male with joints 1-3 of anterior tarsi spongy pubescent beneath.
This species is related to C. marginatus Fisch., which it
closely resembles in form. It presents, however, the following
differences from that species, viz : pronotum less suddenly nar-
rowed behind with less evidence of sintiation, having the two
lateral longitudinal lines less well defined ; margins narrower
and less strongly reflexed ; the elytra are slightly more convex
with narrower margins, the latter having no trace of green or
gold coloring ; the striae are interrupted by the interspaces
running together forming lacunae, rather than the interspaces
being interrupted by punctuation ; 1 1 specimens collected by
myself on Cedar Mountain, Latah County, Idaho, and 3 at
Collins, Idaho, 8 males and 6 females.
The types are deposited in the collection of the Washington
Agricultural College, and duplicates will be sent to the Nat-
ional Museum and American Entomological Society.
During the past two or three years I have collected quite a
number of specimens of Cychrus relictus and regularis on Cedar
Mountain, Idaho. C. relictus has also been collected at Spo-
kane and Pullman, and C. regularis at Wawawai, Washington,
by Prof. C. V. Piper.
Relictus was described by Dr. Horn from a single male speci-
men collected at Spokane, Washington, by Mr. Ricksecker
(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. , vol. ix, p. 188).
Regularis was described from a single pair also collected by
Mr. Ricksecker in the Cceur d'Alene Mountains, Idaho (Tr.
Am. Ent. Soc., vol. xii, p. 2). In his description of this spe-
cies L,eConte says :
"Black, not very shining, of the same form and sculpture as C. relictus,
except on the elytra, which have twelve perfectly regular and entire im-
pressed punctured striae ; the i3th is composed of separate punctures con-
fused with the marginal ones ; the interspaces are somewhat wider than
the striae, the 4th and 8th are interrupted by only 3 or 4 punctures."
I have made a close examination of a number of specimens
of regularis, and I find apparently all gradations between regu-
laris and relictus. I have four specimens of relictus from Spo-
kane, the type locality of this species, and have examined 51
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135
specimens of regularis, but give here a description of the vari-
ations from the typical form of only 10. The specimens are
numbered consecutively, and are otherwise typical.
1. Right elytron with six interruptions on the 8th interval.
2. Right elytron with five interruptions on 4th interval and
six on 8th ; left with seven on 8th and two on gth.
3. Right elytron with gth stria interrupted, left with i2th
interval but once.
4. Punctures on 4th and 8th intervals very faint.
5. Right elytron having yth and 9th intervals interrupted
once, left having 4th and 5th striae run together and confused.
6. Right elytron having 4th and 8th intervals with very
faint indication of interruptions, left having 4th interval not
entirely interrupted in any one place and 8th with only faint
indication.
7. L/eft elytron without interruption on 4th interval ; striae
on both el3 r tra toward the margins confused.
8. Left elytron with eight interruptions on 8th interval ;
right with seven on 4th, and eight on 8th ; 6th interval wavy
and punctured.
9. Right elytron with five interruptions on 4th interval,
seven on 8th, and four on nth, 9th and loth run together in
some places ; left' with six on 4th, and having striae somewhat
confused toward the margin and posteriorly.
10. Right elytron with six interruptions on 4th interval,
seven on 8th, and three on i ith ; left with six on 4th, eight on
8th, and one on nth.
Also, the Spokane specimens of relict us show some tendency
toward regular striation on the elytra, two or three striae on
one or two specimens being moderately straight.
One specimen from Cedar Mountain shows the characters of
both species to such an extent that it is impossible to say defi-
nitely whether it is relict its or regular is.
This shows quite clearly that the differences between relict us
and regularis are not so constant as the types seemed to show.
It appears to me, after making an extended examination,
that in extreme regularis the interspaces between the striae
have their sides perfectly smooth and straight, and that in UK
136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
specimens which seem to be intermediate between regularis and
relidus, the interspaces become more and more wavy, until the
striae are no longer regular and entire, but broken up as in
relidus.
The following might be suggested as a revised description
of regularis : Form and general appearance of C. rclidus, ex-
cept on the elytra which have 12 impressed punctured striae,
generally regular and entire. The thirteenth is composed of
separate punctures confused with the marginal ones ; inter-
spaces somewhat wider than the striae, the fourth and eighth
being generally interrupted by from four to eight punctures,
and one or two interruptions occasionally occurring on one or
more of the other interspaces, especially on the yth, gth and
nth.
* -
A New Method for Permanently Mounting Insects.
By Prof. O. B. JOHNSON, Seattle, Wash.
To the Brethren of the Net !
Just a few words about a new method of permanent
mounting for insects that I have been experimenting with
and that seems valuable. It consists of a box or case made
in two parts with pasteboard sides or rim, and with top and
bottom of glass. These glasses are both of the same size, the
bottom one fitting flush with the outside of the rim, while
the top one fits inside the cover rim, so that the two parts
"telescope" together. These cases are ^ inch deep inside,
and of sizes increasing in length by inches from 3 to 12, and in
width by ^ inches from \y 2 to any width desired. These
sizes are easily fitted into 12 or 1 8 inch drawers of %' or i inch
depth thus in the 12 it takes i, 12 ; 2, 6s ; 3, 45 ; 4, 35 O r 9
-f 3, 8 + 4, 7 + 5. The insects are mounted in the conven-
tional position, J -f 9 side by side in the same case on a short
piece of oo pin inserted in the usual manner into the thorax,
only from the underside. This pin in turn is inserted into a
bit of cork that is finally fastened to the bottom glass by a
touch of Le Page glue. These cases can be made by any box
factory, just what the cost would be will depend upon the place,
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137
I suppose, or collectors can make them themselves, which I
do, but I have more time than most folks, being confined to
the house. Well, after having the case, to mount the insect,
first relax thoroughly, then expand upside down on the ordi-
nary setting board, only made perfectly horizontal, in the usual
manner. When dry place them still upside down on a strip of
smooth cork, and after extracting the pin from the thorax,
used in setting, replace it with a piece cut from an o or oo pin
YZ inch long dipped in mucilage, being careful not to let it pro-
ject clear through, and also to have it stand vertical in drying,
during which it is w r ell to replace the glass weights used in ex-
panding over the wings. Now take a sheet of ^ inch fine quality
cork and cut cubes J/& inch, thrust a setting needle through one
side, and with a very sharp knife slope off the corners diagonally,
making a cone shape with a hole through, into this hole press
the outlier end of the short pin, now well dried ; first dipping
it in mucilage. Now place the specimen, still upside down, in
the bottom portion of the case, and with a strip of glass long
enough to reach across the sides, adjust the cork by sliding it
up and down on the pin until it will just touch the underside
of the glass, of course, if the pin touches the glass it must be
cut down before adjusting the cork, which if the pin was ver-
tical and the hole through the cork perpendicular with the sur-
face, it will now touch evenly, if not, must be trimmmed
with the knife until it does. This having been done to the
pair, place them as you wish them to appear, still ups'de do\vn,
on any smoth and level surface, clean the inside of the bot-
tom glass thoroughly, touch a very small bit of the glue with a
setting needle to the bits of cork and invert the box, dropping it
gently down until the glue touches. If all has been done cor-
rectly it will rest evenly all around the edge and the specimen
will not be displaced ; if so, let it dry an hour, clean the cover
glass, " telescope" it on, label and put away and your mount
will have these advantages.
ist. The conventional position $ and 9 side by side is re-
tained.
2nd. The insect is held entirely by one pin in the thorax as
usual.
138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
3rd. All of the essential and desirable features of the " block
system ' obtained, thus avoiding the tedious repinning for
accessions.
4th. The iionecessity for a double series of each species to ex-
hibit the underside, every example is available by simply turn-
ing over the case.
5th. All dangers of moisture, drafts, coughing, sleeves, pen-
cil points, dropping eye-glasses, dust, and insects are avoided.
6th. Labels and data are inseparable from the insects, especi-
ally desirable in types.
yth. Easily examined with a hand lens above and below.
8th. Material can be passed around during a lecture or meet-
ing without fear of injury, or loaned to your friend and fellow
enthusiast, the kindergarten teacher or otherwise made to serve
a much wider field for if a collection is not educational it is
senseless.
gth. As to the cost each one can figure that out for their own
locality and condition, and if I have omitted anything I will
cheerfully answer all inquires.
O. B. JOHNSON, 610 Pike Street, Seattle, Wash.
Letters from Thomas Say to John F. Melsheimer,
18 16- 1825. III.
Philad d . July 3O th 1816
Dear Sir
I have sent you p r . James Griffith, Baltimore the following
Insects that I hope may meet your acceptance, it is true their
number is very limited but they may possibly interest you
being foreigners the names of some of them may be wrong as
I have not the chance of reference to many books, if they are
so please to correct me
L/in. Molossus Pithecius Indicus & Cinctits of
India Tityus of Maryland Curculio Iinpcrialis Splendens of
South America & Squamulosus of India Buprestis vittata of
India Elater noctilucus of Jamaica (this insect was presented
to me alive, its light was very vivid) I cannot determine the
species of Chrysomela of South America Mcloc (Mylabris) Bifas-
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139
data Gryllns roseus-India. Tettigonia atrata-India ( I do not
think that our common noisy Tettigonia has ever been de-
scribed, it cannot certainly be the Tibiccn, its very obvious dis-
tinctive characteristic, the white spots could not have been
overlooked ) Cimcx Sincnsis of India Cimex (^TelyrTi-ab") Stoc-
kerus of India Fulgora Candclaria India Nepa Fusca of India
Papilio . 1/i/nitia & Nos 2. 3. 4. India Argantc Sara Phyl-
lis & No i. South America Orithya Leucothoe India Libcl-
lida Ferrugenia of India Vespa bicolour. Cincta India the
names of those alluded to by the above numbers, I could not
ascertain by L,in' s short descriptions as translated by Turton,
the only general work on Entomb I have in my possession
probably you may know them Dytiscus limbatus of India, I
have not seen the American species, but should much doubt
from some circumstances of their being the same, but you can
now determine by comparison
I do not see the necessity of removing 294 from the Ips, its
characters for the most part seem to agree pretty well with
that genus ; at any rate I hardly think it can be placed with the
G. Triplax inasmuch as the Palpi are not hatchet shaped
In examining those I have of the Ips, I found that 291 dif-
fered considerably in its generic characters from the others, I
allude more particularly to its Palpi, perhaps it would be more
correct to place it in the genus Erotylus of L,atr. , though it
may bear considerable affinity with Tritoma & Triplax .
The Insect 708 does not appear to me to be altogether at
home in the Genus Clerus I think it ought to be transplanted
in company with N? s u6&ii7to L/atreilles Genus Necrobia
is 708 found on dead animals ?
One of the characters of Anobiuin Pcrtinax is " Elytra with
8 striae of minute excavated punctures" N? 164 has 10 struu
on the Elytra besides an abbreviated one each side the scutel,
taking this differece into consideration with your observations
on the thorax & magnitude of our Insect when compared with
Pertinax I perfectly agree with you as to the necessity of
adapting a new name to our insect
With the Genus Hyphydrus I am totally unacquainted, but
the Dytiscus maculatus of your catalogue most certainly belongs
140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
to the Genus Haliphis of L/atreile it is so strongly characterized
as not to be mistaken These two Genera Hyphydrus & Hali-
plus perhaps are the same but of different Authors ?
I have not been so fortunate as to obtain another specimen
of the Diopsis though I have hunted faithfully, it appears to
be a rare insect, and I have no doubt different from Illiger's
insect the description of which you were so good as to extract
for me ; yet like that it may be characterised "Nigra, alis fas-
cia etc ' ' but in the details it appears to differ I have thought
to name it brevicornis as the peduncles of the eyes are not longer
than the distance between their bases, they are brown head,
posterior spines, & feet pale yellow poisers white, Thorax
brownish black, lateral spines & abdomen black Fore thighs
very much thickened & with the shanks brown but the joints
are pale yellow its length is 2 lines I found it on the Swamp
Cabbage (Pothos fcetida) May-
When I had the pleasure to be at your house, amongst the
very interesting insects you shewed me one (of which you had
several specimens) that you thought was a new genus it is an
elongated cylindrical insect that which I take to be the male
is black, with a reddish thorax and black dorsal stripe (L/iune
would have placed it with Tenebrio) In looking over a ne-
glected draw[er] in my cabinet today I found a couple of
specimens of it & upon examining them but without discection,
I concluded that it approached nearest to the Genus Languria
of Latreille & might be placed there but for its palpi which are
not filiform, Elytra very dark green approaching black-
general colour of the female rather lighter.
On the lid of the box within you will find two plates of In-
sects intended for my American Entomology they are all to be
coloured I send you the plate of G. Tityus as the first one
that I have had 'coloured you will therefore not criticise it with
too much severity as the artist is young & will improve I have
the satisfaction to see in this first attempt that the thing is
practicable in this country, which has been heretofore much
doubted The plate of Papilio Philenor will exhibit the style
of engraving which however is entirely obscured by the colour
when it is laid on & therefor need not be very fine its principle
igOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141
service seems to be to direct the colourers I intend to send you
an impression of each plate coll? is they are produced
I have a great many remarks to make on Insects in my pos-
session either rec 1 ? from your Father or of my own collection
with which I shall trouble you in future communications in
the mean time those contained in this letter are respectfully
submitted to your consideration and decision
I remain Affectionately
Your Obdt Servt
Thomas Say
N. B. I had forgotten to say that there is also in the box a
Cicindela which as it is not found in the immediate vicinity of
this City I thought it might be rare with you I found it in
great plenty on the sea shore two or three years ago & have-
met with it in sandy parts of the Jerseys
T. S.
I cannot see Latreille's reason for altering the Fabrician
Genus Geotrupes it appears according to him that the true
Fabrician Scarabsei such as your 14, 15, 16 are Geotrupes &
of the Fabrician Geotrupes he makes Scarabrei, is this owing
to caprice, or is it to puzzle the student, I feel strongly inclined
to adhere in this instance to Fab :
I would thank you to let me know the title of the book in
which Professor Knock ' describes all those Insects marked K
in your Catalogue-
Over the Range in a Wagon.
By PROF, and MRS. A. J. SNYDER.
(Continued from page 113, Vol. XII.)
On the way down from the Pass the insect fauna soon changed.
We saw more large .-Ir^yniiis, Colitis and Lycn-na. The road lay
through almost interminable pine forests, and gradually de-
scended until finally we came out into Middle Park. This por-
tion of country for a few miles was park-like, but of the
remainder the name seemed a misnomer. After passing " Idle-
wild," where we saw fine skins of a mountain lion and a huge
bear, we passe-d Fraser P. O. and store, and then the road for
1 Knocli. VV. J. K.
142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
two or three miles lay between fine hay ranches. Fortunately,
we had made the acquaintance of a teamster at the cabin near
the Pass, and when we entered the Park he met us and told us
where to find good fishing grounds. Some four or five miles
within the Park we came again to hilly country and soon turned
from the main road into a lane, and after a mile or two of inde-
scribable roads interspered with bridges that no eastern horse
would step upon, we came to the banks of the Fraser River.
Here we camped in the midst of such excellent pasture land
and amidst scenery of such surpassing beauty, that we forgave
the roads, bridges and everything else that had been unpleasant.
Along the road we saw Parnassius smhit/iens, Satynis charon,
dcnonympha and several Picris. We were in camp early and
prepared reels and rods for a try at the trout, but they were
too shy to make our acquaintance. A friendly rancher, how-
ever, supplied us with enough for supper and gave us hints
sufficient to enable us to catch some of the speckled beauties
the next day. All through Middle Park and to the northwest
the fishing is good at all times and the catching excellent
when the contrary trout will bite. We never had many in
camp at one time but often all we could eat. The one bait
which they could seldom resist was a live grasshopper, and we
soon fell into the habit of collecting hoppers while hunting,
and confining them in brass shotgun cartridges by placing a
wad over them until needed. Few insects were to be found
near our camp here. Arg. eurynome, P. sminthcus, Pam. syl-
vanoidcs and dcnonvmpha were fairly common and a roving
Plnsia could be taken now and then. Even at this date it was
becoming so dry that insects were scarce.
July 2ist, we left Fraser River and took the stage road to
Coulter. Just before reaching this post-office we saw the first
covey of grouse. It was near this place that the only sage hen
observed during the trip was seen skulking into the sage brush.
Satyriis charon and Lycccna hctcronca were abundant. Will,
caught a beautiful abberration of P. sminthcus, and we saw a
few Argynnis. The high altitude had been too much for the
youngest of the party, so we omitted an intended side trip to
Grand L,ake, and hurried on to Sulphur Springs and the only
doctor for miles around. Merel) T stopping in town long enough
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 143
for medicine, we proceeded on our way through the canon of
the Grand in search of a good camping ground. This canon
is very beautiful but unpleasantly dangerous to one unused to
wild roads. The single narrow wagon road winds along at the
base of mountains which are almost or quite perpendicular,
while immediately below, on the other side, roar and tumble
the green waters of the Grand River. It is over three miles
in length, and until one becomes used to its wildness there is
more of fear than pleasure in such a ride. Here we met a
team on a spot too narrow to permit a very safe passage. It
w y as necessary to lift one w r agon over against the mountain and
then hold the other stead}- while its team crawled past. We
found one of the exciting experiences of mountain travel to be
the watching for places w T ide enough for teams to pass and the
exercising of such care that we would not be caught in a narrow
place. Usually, one constituted himself a forerunner and sig-
nalled back when another team was found approaching.
We were relieved when we were out of the canon in safety,
and as darkness was coining on rapidly w r e hastily selected a
place for a camp and arranged things for the night. Here we
spent a week awaiting the arrival of friends who were expected
to join the party but who failed to meet us. Gooseberries were
along the river and were as delicious as cultivated ones, either
in pies or stewed. The grouse frequently came for the grouse
berries which were plentiful. The trout would bite at times
always enough to encourage us to keep on trying and many
birds came to the trees, while the taxidermist found trapping
for small rodents not unprofitable. In the sage brush Pseitdo-
hazis hera were flitting, but hard to catch, and on the moun-
tains above us were many Melit(ca lu/n/tta and Hipparcliia
dionysius. But here, as on the Fraser, the drouth seemed to
have very materially lessened the insect life. Almost daily
clouds and winds would arise about i o'clock and almost carry
away tent and provisions, while it blew sand and dust into our
eatables. In spite of all, however, Satyrus charon was every-
where so abundantly omnipresent that it fairly became tiresome
to see it and seldom another species. During a walk to Sulphur
Springs, in hope of receiving mail, a few good specimens \vere
taken, among them Clirvsofi/Kuuts rir^i
144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
July 2 yth we began preparations to leave camp on the Grand,
and on the morning of the 28th were ' ' hitting the trail ' ' shortly
after seven o'clock, and along a good road. For some miles
we followed the general course of the Grand, more frequently
than otherwise being compelled to turn out and climb some
steep hill because some rancher must have all the grass land
near the stream and also wanted all the land the law would
allow ; so had also fenced in a few hundred acres of sage brush
and barren land that could never be of any possible use to him.
We were frequently annoyed by the necessity of traveling miles
around such an enclosure when to have permitted a wagon road
near the edge of the stream would not have injured the ranch-
er's usable land. One is surprised to find that every foot of
land in this and most sections of Colorado visited, except in
Routt, Co., seems to have been preempted ; provided, always,
that there is a possibility of irrigating without any serious
effort.
Most of this day's drive was through the everlasting sage
brush, Troublesome is the first village on the way and there
we found ten houses including barns and one post-office. From
this station to Kremmling the country varies little, but there
are some beautiful hay ranches along the river. Beyond
Kremmling one enters almost at once the foot-hills of the
Gores Range, leaves the Grand on the left and enters a desert
of alkali with sage brush and grease- wood. Tow r ard evening
we came to a little ranch up in the mountains, an Eden in the
wilderness, seemingly, where a rancher had utilized the water
from several springs to such advantage that he had an excel-
lent garden and an abundance of hay. Here we bought hay
and went into camp for Sunday. Along the road from Kremm-
ling, Clcomc was abundant, and always on its blossoms were
numerous Pamphila. Few other insects were seen, except now
and then a white Pseudohazis flitting through the sage too
warily to be taken.
It was during this day's drive that \ve stopped the team
while Will attempted to shoot a rare bird. The gun snapped
several times but no report followed. On his return to the
wagon we wondered why our shot gun, never known to miss
fire before, should have failed him ; until he finally acknow-
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEV/S. 145
ledged that he had been attempting to shoot one of the sheels
that we had loaded with grasshoppers to use as bait for trout.
The ranch near which we camped is the old Jones Ranch,
now owned by a Mr. Draper, who, by combining several occu-
pations, is able to make a good living in the midst of a desert.
Living with Mr. Draper at this ranch was a most interesting
personage, Mr. A. J. Reynolds. Mr. Reynolds is almost en-
tirely deaf, so that it was difficult to question him ; but once
started, it was easy for him to relate anecdote after anecdote
concerning frontier life in the Northwest. We gained many
facts concerning his life, including a romance that would well
serve as the basis of a thrilling story of life in the West in
early days. Suffice it here to say that Mr. Reyolds never
married but became a wanderer in that vast wilderness and
played a noble part in its preparation for civilized life. He
came into the Northwest in '43 with the first emigrant train
that crossed with wagons to Oregon. This was shortly after
Dr. Marcus Whitman crossed the plains, and he helped to bury
Dr. Whitman and Mrs. Whitman in '47. He was one of the
party that pursued the Indians who had taken all the other
women prisoners ; helped recapture them and killed one of the
leading chiefs. All the following winter he and sixty others
fought the Indians and came near starving to death, for most
of the time there was nothing but horse flesh to eat.
The Indian story of the cause of the murdering of Dr. and
Mrs. Whitman is that the whites gave the Indians the measles.
The Indian method of curing disease was to steam themselves
over heated stones placed in water, then to jump immediately
into cold river water. When those afflicted with the measles
tried this remedy they died, and a priest told them that the
medicine that Dr. Whitman gave them was poisoning them,
then they killed Dr. and Mrs. Whitman in revenge.
For a number of years Mr. Reynolds was a guide to the Yel-
lowstone Park regions and he knew that country and Montana
perfectly. He acted as Hayden's guide in his survey of the
Park and told anecdotes of Hayden. During one of the last,
probably the last Indian trouble in that region, he and three
others were attacked in the Park bv the Nez Perces. He owed
146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
his life to a slight incident. He had been leading the part}' all
day, but on coming to where the trail forked his companions
insisted on taking the road to the right, while he wished to
turn to the left. They started on without him and were some
distance ahead when the Indians fired upon them and the three
companions were killed. His horse was shot from under him,
and in falling on him crushed his left leg. He then crawled to
a rocky ledge and defended himself until dark, then crawled
to the road, and with the aid of a stick made his way back to
the ranch-house which he found in flames. He remained in
hiding for a time, then found eggs and potatoes for food.
Meantime the broken leg had swollen and become very painful.
The next morning he saw a cloud of dust and supposed a band
of Indians to be coming. He started toward the rocky ledge
lining the Yellowstone determined to sell his life as dearly as
possible, when he discovered the dust to be caused by a band
of soldiers under General Steptoe he was not quite positive
of this name but, wounded as he was, he was taken along to
guide the soldiers in the pursuit of the Indians, while an army
surgeon gave such relief as was possible.
Mr. Reynolds also accompanied and aided Captain Drannan
in the recapture of Olive Oatman who had been captured by
the Mohave Indians. He was also one ef the party of English
and Americans who surveyed the northwest boundry of the
United States. At the time of the Custer massacre he and five
companions were prospecting on a mountain near the battle and
heard the firing. Next day he and a man named Clark came
down the mountain and found Custer and the dead soldiers.
He had known Custer and recognized him at once. He and
Clark then met Reno and guided him to the scene of Custer' s
death.
Mr. Reynolds stated that in all his travels he has never
found an Indian tribe without its Catholic priest. He is now
almost seventy-six years old and feels that his usefulness is
past. In his own words, " he is too sore and stiff to travel as
he would like to do." When we left him on the following
morning he told us all about the country we expected to visit
and gave us explicit directions. On showing him a Rand-
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147
McNally map of the country, and asking him to mark out the
road on that he said : " Oh, put that away ! Do you know
how them maps are made ? Some eastern college fellows come
out here and they travel along until they come to a stream.
After they cross it they dismount and say, ' what is the name
of this river ? ' Then they sit down and draw a crooked line
the way they imagine it flows and call that a map of the coun-
try. If they find a stream that has no name they give it their
own and go on." No one in that country used maps and \\v
soon discarded our own, for we found that in this matter, at
least, Mr. Reynolds was right. No map that we have seen
correctly portrays Routt County.
We have related these stories as they were written that
evening in our notes, and the reader of history may prove them
true or false. Prosperity has smiled sufficiently upon Mr.
Reynolds that he might spend the last days of his life in town
and in comfort, but the romance of his life made him a wanderer,
and he will draw his parting breath among the mountains and
away from the common paths of men. He sat on the porch of
that little cabin and waved us a farewell, then turned to look
out upon the mountains where more than a hundred head of
fine horses which he owned were grazing. We saw him again
on our return, and he smiled a smile of satisfaction when we
told him that we had found everything as he had said in the
country beyond. We again bade him farewell, regretting that
we could not learn more of his eventful life and give something
of his knowledge to the historians. Many times since then my
mind has gone back to that lonely figure with its head bowed
at times over a cane, yet erect and straight as the northern pine
when he stood to bid us God speed. 'Tis a lonely figure in the
wilderness, a simple, faithful being upon whom sorrow fell in
youth, but failed to embitter and who has traveled on during
almost eighty years faithfully doing service on the frontier. I
see him now calmly awaiting the summons of the death angel,
a pathetic figure about whose mystic life a worthy pen might
weave tales equaling those Cooper related of the times when
the East was a frontier similar to the one Mr. Reynolds found
in the West in his youth.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest its readers from any source. The author's name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. ED.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., MAY, 1901.
Now is the time that we again think about living insects,
and there are certain thoughts that arise in connection with
the work of collecting that are very important. When you
catch your insects don't put them away in cigar boxes with-
out data and depend on your memory to supply the facts
when you wish to use the specimens. The chances are that
when you next open the box the specimens will be infested
by Anthremis and you will have forgotten the data. Get a
supply of pin labels, like those supplied by Mr. Nell, and put
one on each pin at once. We are sorry to say there are some
entomologists who think a State label is sufficient we hope
for their reformation. Make your papers to contain L,epidop-
tera symmetrical ; cut off the little turnover triangles and
always iron the papers before using. If you put pin numbers
on your specimens have them very small and preferably printed.
We have had specimens sent here with numbers on the pin one
inch in length ; they had been cut from a calendar. Mount
your specimens the same height on the pin, and in the L,epi-
doptera pin the abdomen on the same plane wdth the thorax
and don't let it sag down any old way and point east or west.
Pin the antennae on the same plane and parallel to the costa
and don't have them " boxing the compass." These are small
matters but important, so heed them.
148
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149
Entomological Literature.
COMPILED BY P. P. CALVEKT.
Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North
and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contribu-
tions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, relating to Ameri-
can or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in HEAVY-FACED TYPE refer to the
journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published ; * denotes
that the paper in quest ion con tains descriptions of new North American forms. Titles of all
articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usually such articles are written
in the same language as the title of the journal containing them, but when such articles are in
other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets.
4. The Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont., April, '01. 5. Psyche,
Cambridge, Mass., April '01. 8. The Entomologist's Monthly Maga-
zine, London, April, '01. 9. The Entomologist, London, March, '01.-
12. Comptes Rendus. L'Academie des Sciences, Paris, '01. 21. The
Entomologist's Record, London, March 15, '01. 35. Annales, Societe
Entomologique de Belgique, Brussels, '01. 4O. Societas Entomologica,
Ziirich-Hottingen, '01. 58. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, Val-
paraiso, Jan., '01. 75. 3151 Annual Report, Entomological Society of
Ontario, Toronto, 'or. 81. Biologisches Centralblatt, Erlangen, Mar.
15, '01. 84. Insekten-Borse, Leipsic, '01. 1O1. Rovartani Lapok,
Budapest, '01. 1O4. Mittheilungen, Naturhistorisches-Museum zu
Hamburg, xvii, 2, Beiheft, Dec. 28, 'oo. 1O5. Videnskabelige Meddel-
elser fra den naturhistoriske Forening, 1900, Copenhagen. 14(5. The
Entomological Student, Philadelphia, April 15, 'or. 148. Bulletins,
New York Agric. Exper. Station, Geneva, N. Y., Dec., 'oo. 149.
Anatomischer Anzeiger, Jena, Feb. 23, '01.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. B[urr], M. Auguste de Bor-
mans, portrait, 21. Csiki, E. On the insectophobos [apparatus for
collecting microcoleoptera ; in Magyar, German summary], figs., 1O1,
Feb. Gauckler, H. The new arrangement of the insect collection in
the grand-ducal cabinet of natural history at Karlsruhe in Baden, 84,
Mar. 21, 28. Iiiihof, O. E. Ocelli of insects. 81. Krecsy, B. En-
tomological instruction in America [at Amherst, Mass.; in Magyar],
1OI, Feb. Lameere, A. The death of Baron de Selys-Longchamps,
35, xliv, 13, Feb. 27. Lecailloii, A. On the various cells of the
ovary which take part in the formation of the eggs of insects, 12, Mar. 4.
Lochhead, W. Nature study lessons on the squash bug (.h/asa /ris-
tis), figs., 75. S. Dr. O. Staudinger [biography, bibliography], por-
trait, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris, Dresden, 1901, Zweites
Lepidopterologisches Heft, Feb. 20, '01.
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.-Austeii, E. E. The life his-
tory of warble-flies, 8. Cockerell, T. D. A. A new plant-louse
injuring strawberry plants in Arizona,* 4. Corbett, E. L. Spraying :
150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
results of the season, 1900, figs., Bulletin 70, West Virginia Agric. Exper.
Station, Morgantown, W. Va., Nov., 'oo. Dearness, J. A parasite of
the San Jose scale [ Tyrog/yphus sp.], 75. Fielding'-Ould, K. Ma-
laria and its prevention, Nature, London, Mar. 21, '01. Fisher, G. E.
et al. San Jose" scale discussion, 75. Fyles, T. W. Annual address
of the President [Insects beneficial to vegetation], 75. Lemaire.
Note on the tsetse" fly, Bulletin, Socie'te' royale de Geographic d'Anvers,
xxiv, 4, '01. Lochhead, W. A plea for the systematic and economic
study of the forest insects of Ontario, figs., 75 ; The silkworm industry in
Ontario, 75 ; The present status of the San Jose" scale in Ontario, 75.
v. Ruder, V. On the biology of the fly Hypoderma bovis Dec., 84,
Apr. 4. Schaufuss, C. Two Diptera injurious to roses, 84, Mar. 28.
Sirrine, F. A. A little known asparagus pest [Agromyza simplex
Loew], figs , 148, No. 189. Smith, J. B. Two strawberry pests, 2
pis., Bulletin 149, New Jersey Agric. Exper. Stations, New Brunswick, N.
J., Feb., 27, '01. Van Slyke, L. L., and Andrews, W. H. Report
on analyses of Paris Green and other insecticides in 1900, 148, No. 190.
Webster, F. M. Results of some experiments in protecting apples
from the attacks of the second brood of codlin moth, 75 ; Results of
some applications of crude petroleum to orchard trees, 75 ; Notes on two
longicorn beetles affecting growing nursery stock, figs., 75, and also in
Journal, Columbus Horticultural Society, xv, 4, Columbus, Ohio, Dec.,
'oo ; The San Jose" scale problem as compared with the orange scale
problem, Science, New York, Mar. 29, '01 ; Report of the Committee on
Entomology [strawberry insects, use of crude petroleum in orchards], 8
pis., Ohio Horticultural Report, 1900. [Place of publication not given].
Wilcox, E. V. Abstracts of recent papers, Experiment Station Rec-
ord, xii, 7, 8, Washington, '01. Cox, D. G., Evans, J. D., Fletcher,
J., Gregsou, P. B., Johnston, J., Lochhead, W., Moft'at, J.
A., Keuuie, R. W. [Papers on insects of 1900 in Canada, figs.], 75,
ARACHNIDA. Dearness, J. See Economic Entomology.
Peckham, G. W., and E. G. Spiders of the Phidippus group of the
family Attidie,* 6 pis., Transactions, Wisconsin Academy of Sciences,
Arts and Letters, xiii, pt. i, Madison, '01. Pocock, R. I. The Scot-
tish Silurian scorpion, i pi., Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science,
No. 174, London, Mar., '01. Rostrup, S. Greenland Phytoptidce,* i
pi. [in Danish], 1O5.- -Simon, E. List of the Arachnida collected by
M. C. E. Porter in 1899 at Quilpue and at Molle, and by M. B. Wilson in
April, 1900, at Rio Aysen (western Patagonia), 58.
MYRIOPODA. Meves, F., and v. Korff, K. To knowledge
of cell-division in myriopods, 5 figs., i pi. Archiv fiir mikroscopische
Anatomic u. Entwicklungsgeschichte, Ivii, 3, Bonn, Feb. 25, '01.
ORT HOPT ER A. Caudell, A. N. On some Arizona Acridiidse,*
4. Faxon, W. The habits and notes of the New England species of
CEcanthus, 5. d'Herculais, J. K. The great American migratory
Acridian (Schistocerca americana Drury) ; migrations and area of geo-
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 151
graphic distribution, 12, Mar. 25, 'or. Packard, A. S. Occurrence
of Melanophns e.rtreuius in Northern Labrador, 5. Rehii, J. A. G.
The Linnean genus Gryllus, 4. Scuclcler, S. H. The species of
Diapheromera (Phasmidse) found in the United States and Canada,* 5.
NEUKOPTEKA. Davis, W. T. Additions to our local fauna
and flora [Staten Island Lepidoptera, Odonata], Proceedings, Natural
Science Association of Staten Island, viii, 3. Fyles, T. W. The
dragonflies of the province of Quebec, figs., 75. Hiiie, J. S. A re-
view of the Panorpidffi of America north of Mexico, 3 pis. Bulletin of
Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, xi, Granville, Ohio, Feb.,
'or. Also as Ohio State University Bulletin, v, 7, Columbus, O. Mof-
t'at, J. A. Parasites in the eggs of Chrysopa, figs., 75.
HEMIPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A. Notes on some Coccidse
of the earlier writers, 9; See also Economic Entomology.* Horvath,
G- On the abdominal tubes of plantlice [as means of defense ; in Mag-
yar, German summary], 1O1, Feb. King", G. B. Lecanimn M\:h-
steri Ckll. and King, n. sp., with notes on allied forms,* 4. Newstead,
K. Observations on Coccidae, No. 19, figs., 8. Reed, E. C. Synop-
sis of the Hemiptera of Chile (cont.), 58.
CO LEOPTEK A. Barrett, O. W. See Lepidoptera. Belon,
Pere. The genus Cortilena Motsch. (Lathridiidae) and synopsis of the
species now known, 35, xlv, 2, Mar. 23. Dury, C, A new Calandrid
from Cincinnati, Ohio,* fig., Journal, Cincinnati Society of Natural His-
tory, xix, 8, Mar. 27, '01. Fenyes, B. A giant Bostrychid \_Dinapafe
U'rightii; in Magyar], 1O1, January. Flicbe, P. On a fossil insect
[Coleopter] found in the Trias of Lorraine, 12, Mar. 11. Gregson, P.
B. Habits of the larvae of Dermestes talpinus (Mann.), figs., 75.
Jacobsou, G. Interesting case of mimicry among Russian Coleoptera
[in Russian], Annuaire, Muse'e Zoologique de 1' Academic Imperiale des
Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 1900, v, 4. Kuans, W. Collecting notes
on Kansas Coleoptera, ii, 4. Miiller, J. Contribution to knowledge
of cave Silphidae, i pi., Verhandlungen. k. k. Zoologisch-botanischen
Gesellschaft in Wien, Ii, i, Feb. 25, '01. Pic, M. Diagnoses of exotic
Anthicidae,* 35, xlv, 2, Mar. 23 ; New Coleoptera of the Hamburg Mus-
eum, 1O4. Reiigel, C. On the biology of Hydrophilus piceus, 81.
Schenkliiig', S. New Cleridae of the Hamburg Museum,* 1O4.
Webster, F. M. Observations on several species of Dermestida-, 75.
Wickham, H. F. Cicindelidae at artificial lights, 14(>.
DIPTERA. Austen, E. E. See Economic Entomology. Chag--
11011, G. Preliminary studies on the Syrphidae of the province of Que-
bec, Naturaliste Canadian,- Chicoutimi, Quebec, March, '01. Christo-
phers, S. R. The anatomy and histology of the adult female mosquito
\_Cul e.v and Anopheles\, 6 pis., Reports to the Malaria Committee of the
Royal Society, 4th series, London, March 30, '01. Coquillett, I). AV.
New Diptera in the U. S. National Museum,* Proceedings, United States
National Museum, No. 1225, Washington, '01. v. Kertesz, K. Spin-
152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
ning Diptera [in Magyar, German summary], 1O1, Feb. Lundbeck,
W. Diptera grcenlandica* [in Danish, diagnoses of new species in
Latin], 1O5. Packard, A. S. Occurrence of Anopheles quadrimacii-
latus in Maine, 5. v. Ruder, V. See Economic Entomology.
LEPIDOPTERA. Bachmetjew, P. Why do the diurnal Lepi-
doptera fly only during the day and most nocturnal ones in the night? 4O,
Feb. 15. Barrett, O. W. Stray notes [Lep., Col.], 146 Chap-
iiisin, T. A. Notes on Luffias, with incidental remarks on the phe-
nomenon of parthenogenesis, 21. Cockerell, T. D. A . Lepidoptera :
Some insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico, iv, 5. Davis, W.
T. See Neuroptera. Dog'iiiii, P. Description of new Lepidoptera,
Le Naturaliste, Paris, March 15, 'or. Dyar, H. G. On certain identifi-
cations in the genus Acronycta, 4 ; Life histories of North American
Geometridse, xxi, 5- Fletcher, J. [Notes on some Canadian Lepi-
doptera], 75. Gibson, A. The breeding of Lepidoptera, with notes
on the inflation of larvae, 75. Green, E. E. Moth catching by elec-
tric light at the Boer camp, Diyatalawa, Ceylon, 8. Grote, A. K.
Systematic arrangement of the North American Lepidoptera, 4. Mall,
F. J. Notes on the Noctuid group Dicopinae of Kansas City, Missouri,
146. Heath, E. F. Notes on the occurrence of Lepidoptera, etc., in
southern Manitoba, 4. Heylaerts, F. J. M. Description of an un-
published Psychid from Argentine Republic, Chalia Kunckeli, 35, xlv,
2, Mar. 23. Kusnezow, N. On the protective coloration and attitude
of Libythea celtis Esp., fig., Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae,
xxxv, St. Petersbourg, Nov., 'oo. Ljmun, H. H. Notes on Walker's
types of Spilosoma congrua, and 'a few other types in the British Museum,
4. Marshall, G. A. K. On the female pouch in Acrcea, 9.
Mclutosh, W. The hawk and bombycine moths of New Brunswick,
introductory list, Bulletin, Natural History Society of New Brunswick, iv,
4, St. John, '01. Moffat, J. A. Anosia archippus yet again, fig., 75.
Nash, C. W. Notes on Danias archippus, 75. Pageiistecher,
A. Libytheidae, 4 figs., Das Tierreich, 14 Lieferung, Berlin, Feb., '01.
Slevog't, B. Are Arctia caja and other brightly colored Lepidoptera
eaten by birds? 4O, Mar. 15. Standings, M. Synopsis of experiments
in hybridization and temperature made with Lepidoptera up to the end
of 1898, 9. Tutt, J. TV. Migration and dispersal of insects : Lepidop-
tera, 21.
HYMENOPTERA. Ashmead, W. H. Hymenoptera : Some
insects of the Hudsonian zone in New Mexico, iv*, 5. Cockerell, T.
D. A. The bee genus Dio.rys in America, 146. v. Dalla Torre,
li. W. A couple of nomenclatural remarks on the group Ichneumoninae
of W. H. Ashmead's ' Classification of the Ichneumon Flies,' etc., of 1900.
Wiener Entom'ologische Zeitung, xx, 3, Mar. 10, '01. Dickel, F. My
views on the results of the Freiburg researches on bees' eggs ; Facts de-
cide, not views (two papers), 149. Emery, C. Notes on the sub-
families Dorylinae and Ponerinae, 35, xlv, i, Mar. 7. 3Iorice, F. !>.,
1901] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 153
and Cockerell, T. D. A. The American bees of the genus Andrcmi
described by F. Smith, 4. Observer. How do bees manage to sur-
vive the winter? British Bee Journal, London, March 7, '01. Plateau,
F. Observations on the phenomena of constancy in some Hymenoptera,
35, xlv, 2, March 23. Prowazek, S. Observations on ants [senses
of], Der Zoologische Garten, Frankfurt a. M., Feb., '01. Kudovv.
Some observations on insect buildings, 84, Mar. 7. Weissinanii, A.
Remarks on Herr Dickel's article [see ante'}, 149
DEPARTMENT OF EEONOMI6 ENTOMOLOGY
Edited by Prof. JOHN B. SMITH, Sc. D., New Brunswick, N. J.
Papers for this department are solicited. They should be sent to the editor
Prof. John B. Smith, Sc.D., New Brunswick, N. J.
SOME NOTES ON THE LARVAL HABITS OF
CULEX PUNGENS.
BY J. B. SMITH, SC.D.
New Jersey's reputation for mosquitoes is well established, and more
people come into our State annually to be bitten by our shore species
than go to any other State in the Union for any like purpose. In some of
the swampy districts in the pines they make life a burden at times, so
when my good friend J. Turner Brakeley wrote me in the late summer
that, in looking at the contents of some pitcher plant leaves he had found
mosquito larvae in abundance in the water they contained, it made no
especial impression upon me. It was in a way what 1 would have ex-
pected, though no one had noted this, so far as I could then remember.
Dr. Rileyat one time bred a number of species from this plant ; but seems
either to have found no mosquitoes or to have ignored them. Mrs. Treat
made many interesting observations on the feeding habits of the plant
itself, feeding the leaves with raw meet in place of the insects that ordin-
arily fall into them ; but she also ignored the mosquitoes.
Late in November I spent three days with Mr. Brakeley at Lahaway,
and one of our walks was into a huckleberry and wild cranberry swamp
where pitcher plants were abundant. Though the weather was yet quite
mild, mosquitoes were no longer obtrusive. There were occasional
specimens to be sure, but they seemed to be left-overs not yet in hiberna-
ting quarters. The interesting point was that in every leaf examined
there were wrigglers varying in size from an eighth to a quarter of an inch
in length. There was always a mass of insect fragments at the bottom,
say from one-half to an inch in depth, and in composition this varied from
a dense black ooze at the lowest point to entire or only partly decayed
specimens at the top of the mass. The question arose at once whether
these larvae would yet develope that season, and from published accounts
154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
I assumed that they must or perish. Dr. Howard in his careful account
of the species of Culc.v, and especially piingcns, says nothing of larval
hibernation. He records finding adults, and, indeed, this was in accord-
ance with my own experience.
The matter dropped here until late in January, when, during a bitter
cold spell, Mr. Brakeley cut out a few pitcher leaves, stripped them from
the core of solid ice they contained, and looking through saw wrigglers
imbedded in all parts of it, in all sorts of shapes, but mostly in a half coil.
The temperature of the bog had been down to 2 below zero, as regis-
tered by a standard minimum thermometer, and radiation probably
lowered this even more.
A number of leaves were gathered, the cores of ice with all they con-
tained were removed and the lumps were placed together in a jar in a
moderately warm room. The ice melted slowly, and as the larvae were
gradually freed they dropped to the bottom where for a time they rested,
apparently lifeless. But as the amount of ice decreased, feeble motions
here and there indicated a revival, and long before the lumps were com-
pletely melted, those first released were moving about actively. This be
it noted was in water not much above the freezing point. Soon after the
ice had melted and the debris had settled, the insects were busily en-
gaged in apparent feeding.
The specimens were sent to me as a curiosity January 22d, and arrived
in very good condition. A few had succumbed to the dangers of the
journey, but altogether there was a good lot of lively wrigglers. The
bottle was nearly full of water ; it had had a rive mile wagon drive over a
rough road, had been transhipped no less than four times before it
reached New Brunswick, and was thrown into the delivery wagon Any
regular breathing under these circumstances, of the kind usually de-
scribed, was utterly out of the question, and drownings should have been
numerous ; but really only a very small number of specimens died.
At short intervals other jars were received, all of melted ice taken from
pitcher plants, until I had several hundred active wrigglers in eight differ-
ent jars. Some of the leaf chunks, Mr. Brakeley informs me, had only a
very few larvae ten or a dozen ; others ran as high as thirty or more.
The jars were all placed on a counter shelf near a steam radiator, and
it was expected that in a few days there would be pupas and adults. But
the days passed into weeks and the weeks into months, without change,
other than a gradual a very gradual increase in size. The larvae were
just as active and lively as they could be expected to be, and were feeding
continuously ; but evidently something was lacking. Besides, they did
not in all respects behave as, according to Dr. Howard's account, they
should have done. 1 do not suggest that the account as printed is not
a perfectly accurate record of facts : merely that my specimens were Jer-
sey mosquitoes and therefore a law unto themselves.
As the fragments settled to the bottom the water became almost en-
tirely clear, the larvae congregated over this sediment, feeding head down
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155
and frequently rooting into it: varying the process by working along the
glass of the jar on the side away from the light. It was very rare that
an individual was observed at the surface with the spiracle in breathing
position. I watched patiently several times 15 minutes at a time without
noting a single individual rising to the top. Mr. Dickerson, one of the
students, watched more or less continuously for two hours on one day
and declared positively that during that period only a small percentage of
the entire number came to the top. On two or three occasions, where my
work was such as to allow it, I kept ajar within sight the entire day, and
I have no hesitation in saying that some individuals remained below the
surface for hours.
Occasionally a number of specimens would be at the surface, feeding,
head up, so that the mouth brushes skimmed the surface, and these were
watched on occasions for fully 20 minutes without noting any attempt to
assume the breathing position. In fact, during the two months that these
larvae were under daily observation, the rising to the surface to breathe
was the rare exception rather than the rule.
As to feeding positions, all of those figured by Dr. Howard were noted.
Usually they were head down over the bottom sediment or head up, feed-
ing along the sides of the glass or at the top. The mouth brushes serve
as organs of locomotion as well as for feeding, and the insects are per-
fectly able to make their way from place to place without moving any
other part of the body.
The jerky, wriggling motion is used when they wish to get away
quickly, and as often to get down to the bottom as to get up to the sur-
face. They can and often do sink slowly to the bottom without any mo-
tion whatever, and often to sink more rapidly, they curl themselves up
into a ring. Occasionally a specimen will get hold of a bubble of gas
forming at the bottom and will allow itself to be floated to the surface. It
is immensely interesting to watch these little creatures ; but as week after
week went by without change, it became just a little tedious. To hasten
matters a little, on March ist I placed the two jars first received on a
water bath which was kept at a temperature as nearly constant as the
varying gas pressure allowed. Ordinarily the thermometer ranged be-
tween 100 and 110, but it has gotten as high as 120 and as low as 90.
These were exceptions, however, and not exceeding the ordinary out-door
range in June. The temperature of the water in the jars ranged between
80 and 90 almost uniformly.
A difference in the rate of growth was observable after a few days, and
several specimens seemed approaching the adult condition ; finally,
March iSth, I noted the first pupa, 17 days after placing the jar on the
water bath. From this the adult emerged March 2ist and proved to be a
female C. pungens. Three other pupae were formed within a week after
the first, and a second adult, also a female, was obtained March 24th.
As to the habits of the larvae in the two jars artificially forced, there was
little to note as different from those in the normal laboratory temperature
156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
which varied from 40 to 78, averaging a little under 70 for the 24 hours.
They fed in much the same manner, kept away from the light as much as
possible, passed most of their time at the bottom, but were more lively
and more frequently at the surface. The jars were kept covered, except
for a few minutes each day, and in none of them did the water foul, de-
spite the vegetable and animal matter present in each.
March 24th I made an experiment that resulted fatally. It occurred to
me that possibly the slow growth was due to lack of food, and Mr.
Brakeley had written me that the wrigglers attacked and devoured a small
gnat which was breeding in his jars, suggesting that possibly a mutton
chop might help matters along.
March 24th I put a small lump of raw beef, chopped fine, into each of the
five experiment jars. Next day I could give only a casual glance before
going out of town and this showed nothing unusual ; but the day after,
March 26th, when I reached the laboratory at 8 A.M., I saw at once that
something was wrong, because all the living larvae were at the surface,
head down, spiracle reaching the air. In every jar into which I had
placed the meat I noted the same appearance, and I hastily fished out
every particle. But it was too late: more than half were already dead,
others seemed to show a fungoid growth proceeding from the segments
so, to prevent their dying, I killed them off with a dose of formalin One
large jar received in February was left unharmed, and this was placed ^ n
the water bath March 26th. Nothing has come from it at the date of
present writing, and nothing may ever come from it ; but its history must
be written later.
But this experiment, fatal as it proved, was of some value. It shows
that water too foul with animal decay is not suitable for mosquito larvze.
Vegetable decay, and the harder refuse from insect bodies, will help
along the development ; but beyond that, the water must be clean. It
seems to indicate further that the condition of the water may very largely
determine the frequency with which the supply of oxygen must be re-
newed from above the surface. In June, with a supply of water at a rela-
tively high temperature, in which microscopic life is swarming, I have no
donbt Dr. Howard's observations would be exactly duplicated. With
the same species in clean water, at a relatively low temperature, the
breathing habits are quite different, and the insects obtain, I have no
doubt, a goodly portion of their oxygen from the water itself. Just how
they do this I am not prepared to say. One thing may be considered as
certainly established by this series of observations : the insect can and
does hibernate in the larval stage, if this is not, indeed, the prevailing
method. Mr. Brakeley scoured the swamps for miles about within the
last few weeks, and wherever he found pitcher plants, almost or quite
every leaf had its supply of wrigglers. It is not, therefore, a local pheno-
mena. Nor is it even suggested that pitcher plants alone furnish breed-
ing places where the larvae hibernate ; but they are remarkably safe re-
sorts protected to a very marked extent from natural enemies. Is there
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157
any relation between plant and insect whereby the plant receives a bene-
fit? ^Do the wrigglers in any way prevent a foulness of the water from
the insect fragment until the plant has absorbed what it needs?
It is noticeable that during the whole winter only a single example of
Ou/e.v pungens was taken in the barns, storehouses or cranberry sorting
rooms, though they were diligently sought.
Anopheles punctipcnnis were found quite abundantly, between 20 and
30 specimens having been taken on the windows of the sorting rooms ;
but no Anopheles larvas were found in any of the collected leaves. As a
[erseyman, Mr. Brakeley ordinarily pays little attention to mosquitoes,
but he could not easily overlook Anopheles did it occur in any numbers
in summer. He says it does not, and that he has never seen as many
during his years of residence in the pines, as he did this past winter.
My own experience is similar : I remember that about three years ago
I was annoyed by Anopheles very early in the year in my store room in
the basement of the station building. Later on I saw nothing of them,
and I can say positively that the species of this genus form no part of the
often considerable swarms in and near New Brunswick.
In the cellar of my residence I took Culex pungens, female, March
22nd, flying. It could not well have developed there, and, of course,
there can be no doubt that the species hibernates as an adult as well as
in the larval stage.
These pitcher plant leaves contain, besides mosquito larvae, considera-
ble numbers of long, white, worm-like larvae which Mr. Brakeley suc-
ceeded in breeding. Some examples submitted to Mr. C. W. Johnson he
pronounced to be Aedesfuscus O. S.,* a species by no means commonly
observed.
The present series of notes are not by any means a complete record of
the observations made on the wriggler colonies at New Brunswick and in
the pines and they are not even ended ; but they will serve to call atten-
tion to one or two heretofore unobserved facts. They also contain a sug-
gestion : Is it not probable that the mosquitoes that swarm in Alaska and
Arctic regions may pass the winter in the larval stage, frozen in the solid
ice, ready, when the melting times comes, to mature rapidly.
Hiding places for adults are occasionally somewhat scant in such re-
gions, and the swarms are said to be even more numerous and vicious
than they are in New Jersey.
MR. S. T. KEMP, of Elizabeth, N. J., has started for Arizona, where he
will spend six months in collecting insects. We wish him much success.
MK. \V. F. FISKE severed his connection with the Experimental Sta-
tion at Durham, N. H., to accept the position of Assistant State Entomo-
logist of Georgia. His new address will therefore be Atlanta, Ga.
* Later examples bred were Cliiroiioiniis sp., hence at least one other
species breeds in these plants.
158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
Notes and. News
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.
A CORRECTION. In my notice of the life of Baron Edmond de Selys-
Longchamps, in the February NEWS, I stated (p. 34) that ''He studied in
the University of Liege"." The authority for this assertion was Vapereau's
Dictioiinaire Universel des Contemporaines, sixth edition, Paris, 1893, p.
1431. It now appears that this is an error, for M. le Baron Walter de
Selys has written to me " mon pere n'a jamais fait d'e"tudes universi-
taires." Mr. McLachlan has correctly stated the case in his notice of the
deceased in the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine for March. PHILIP
P. CALVERT.
SOME time ago a box of insects came to me. They were pinned in a
rather heavy cigar box, lined with agave pith. The cigar box measured
S inches in length, 2^ in depth and 5^ inches wide. This box was en-
closed in an outer wooden box measuring 9^ inches long, 4^ inches
deep and 6> inches wide. Six ounces of cotton were put between the
boxes. Package came by express with nothing but the address on the
box. What was the condition of the enclosed insects ? If injured, why
were they injured? If there were any mistakes made in the packing,
what were they? We will publish the best answer in the June NEWS.
HENRY SKINNER.
Sphceridium scarabcsoides Linn. On page 73 of the Classification of
Coleoptera, by Messrs. LeConte and Horn, 1883, there is a foot-note re-
lating to the species which states that "an European specimen has been
found in Canada, but that it was undoubtedly introduced and accidental
in occurrence "
Under the division of the tribe, the text reads, except Sphceridium, all
the known genera of this tribe have been found in the United States."
I order to correct these statements, I would like to place on record the
finding of this species in the Catskill Mountains of New York during the
latter part of July, 1900, in considerable numbers under fresh cow drop-
pings ; some being taken d^n copula. It would seem that ikis thoroughly
established in that locality, for some years ago I also took la single speci-
men. While the species is included in Henshaw's List (No. 1662), I do
not know of any previous record of its occurrence within the limits of the
United States. R. F. PEARSALL.
GREATER NEW YORK, with the assistance of lesser New Jersey, man-
aged to get together about sixteen entomologists to take part in a bug-
dinner on the iyth inst. The attraction was great, or the attendance
would not have rivalled previous occasions on the 4th of July at James-
burg. But it was all due to the irresistable collection-collation called
Bill of Fare. Some of the tid-bits mentioned were San Jose Scale on the
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159
Half-Shell ; Broiled Pupte in Case ; Ox Bot Soup ; Baked Belostoina ;
Blattis Roe ; Roast Dynasfes, stuffed with Apple Worms ; Fried Regali*
Larvae, horns removed ; Cicada Steak, with New Mushroom Sauce ;
Galls Sens Lat ; Drawn Sphin.v Tongues, braided ; Pickeled Lady Birds
Feet ; American All-Alive Cheese ; Imported Canfhon Pellets ; Fungus
Pie, Staphylinid Dressing ; Cychrns Knuckles ; Mud Wasp's Nests, with
Jiggadobber Jelly ; Extract de Cimex ; Beer a la Brachynus ; Pink Anli-
opa Milk ; Sparkling Double-distilled jersey Lightning (Bugs), bottled at
Jamesburg under the supervision of the State Entomologist. Flies on
the members were carefully removed by the waiters who secured a
bushel. Cyanide, Chloroform, Sulphuric, Ether, Benzine, Naphthaline,
Le Page's Glue and Bisulphide of Carbon were on tap. Other dainties,
too numerous to mention, were served. Plasters of Cantharis vcsicatoria
were supplied to all needing them. It is hoped that the hilarious time at
this this dinner will induce a greater attendance next year.
Doings of Societies.
A meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social was held April
lyth, at the residence of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, 1523 S. i3th
St. Eleven members present.
Mr. Boerner read a letter which he had received from our
fellow-member, Mr. Philip L/aurent, who is at Enterprise,
Florida, and he stated that the locality where Dr. Castle and
he had collected the last time they were there had been burnt
over and the collecting was very poor. On behalf of Mr.
Laurent, Mr. Boerner presented each member with a beautiful
souvenir from Miami, Florida.
Mr. Wenzel spoke upon and exhibited the Pselaphid />rr-
a.v/s honker taken at Anglesea, New Jersey, and Nisaxis fo-
mentosa also found at Anglesea, which he had previously re-
ceived from Florida. From the manner in which some of the
Pselaphids are found they might be called subaquatic. In
speaking of the difference in sexes he said that in /?. liini^fr
the males outnumbered the females, while in A 7 , abdominal^
the females outnumbered the males. He showed some work
done by a species of Scolytns in the woody fibre of the sumach
which he had found at Frankford, Pa.
Dr. Skinner spoke upon the preservation of insects from
pests, and in twenty years' experience had found that the case
which contains the drawers, or boxes, was a very important
l6o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [May,
v
factor. He did not think that a wooden case was the proper
thing to use on account of the quantity of dust which collects
and works its way into the interior, and suggested that a case
made of tinned iron, like those used by ornithologists, would
be the best. This would do away with the dust question and
also the poisons which are now used. Dr. Skinner also stated
that Anthrcnus varii/s was the commonest pest in collections
in this locality.
The question of destroying household pests was discussed by
Dr. Skinner, who said that a very simple way to destroy the
ants, beetles, larvae, etc. , was to melt naphthaline and pour it
in the cracks, surbase, carpet or other places where the insects
hide. Mr. Wenzel suggested that parafine or wax would be
better because it would not evaporate.
Dr. Skinner stated that wax or parafine would not do for
carpet on account of non-evaporation.
WM. R. REINICK, Secretary.
A meeting of the Entomological Section of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was held March 28th. Mr.
H. W. Wenzel Vice-Director presided. Eleven persons were
present. Mr. C. W. Johnson exhibited some pith (or fungus)
which had caused the ends of minuten nadeln to disintegrate
and allow the specimens to drop in the box. He said either
moisture or an acid in the material had caused the trouble.
The specimens came from Budapest, and Mr. Wenzel asked if
the sea voyage might not have caused a dampness in the pith.
Mr. Johnson also exhibited specimens of Anopheles quadrivict-
culatiis and pundipennis ; also +-Rdcs fuscus raised from pitcher
plants by Prof. Smith. He had also received ^-fLdes sappha-
n'nis from Dr. Woldert, taken at the Philadelphia Neck. The
difference in the palpi of the genera of mosquitoes was men-
tioned. Mr. Bradley exhibited an unique box for mailing
insects which had been devised in France. The inner box in
cork and the outer box is padded on the inside. He also ex-
hibited living young of Tenodcra sincnsis. J. A. G. Rehn, H. D.
Viereck and \Y. S. Huntington were elected associates.
HENRY SKINNER, .Recorder.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
VOL. XII. JUNE, 1901. No. 6.
CONTENTS:
Carpenter Protection of Chionobas liatiks A New Ascalaphid from the
semidea 161 United States 172
Lovell- Prosopis Zizice 162 Fox Letters from Thomas Say to John
Snyder Over the Range in a Wagon F. Melsheimer, 1816-1825. IV.... 173
(conclusion) 163 ' Harvey Contributions to the Odonata
Merrick A New Device 169 | of Maine, IV 178
Skinner On a small Collection of But- Editorial 179
terflies made in California and Entomological Literature 180
Arizona 170 Notes and News 185
Doings of Societies 189
Protection of Chionobas semidea.
By SIDNEY C. CARPENTER.
I have read somewhere, but do not remember where at pres-
ent, that Chionobas scmidca, the White Mountain butterfly, is
being exterminated by too much collecting. Now why can't
this species be protected by law ? It may seem novel to have
butterflies under the protection of the law, but why should it ?
Of course a great many natural objects are protected for eco-
nomical reasons : game, that the supply for market may not
be exhausted ; some birds, that they, in turn, may protect our
vegetation from insects ; forests, that the rain supply may not
be interferred with ; but a large number are protected for their
own sake. Among the.se are : the game in Yellowstone Nat-
ional Park ; the sea-lions on Seal Rocks, San Francisco ; the
big trees in California, and the Palisades on the Hudson River.
Why are the wild animals protected in Yellowstone Park ?
Not that they may be available for hunting at some future
time, but that they may have at least one place in this givul
country where they may live and multiply in peace. Why are
the Palisades and big trees protected? Simply that they may
6
l62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
remain in all their natural beauty. In the same way the sea-
lions are kept as an attractive feature of the harbor.
If, as is supposed, sou idea is a remnant of the Arctic fauna
of the ice age, it is fully as interesting, in its way, as the big
trees or Palisades, and is as much entitled to protection as they
are.
Of course there is a demand for semidca among collectors,
but can't the demand be met without exterminating the spe-
cies? I think it can. Collectors who work at the White
Mountains can do a good deal towards preserving the species
by careful collecting. Although I think no true collector
would do, some collectors (?) are fond of getting every butter-
fly in sight if they can, and it is from such as these that I
would have the species protected by law. If certain sections,
in which the food plant is abundant, could be set apart as
places in which all collecting is illegal, a good deal would be
done towards the desired end.
What does some one else think about protecting our little
colony of Arctic exiles ?
Prosopis Ziziae.
By JOHN H. LOVELL.
In the March number of Ent. NEWS, Mr. Robertson states
that the name Prosopis zizice Robt. is incorrect, and that it
should read P. zizite Ckll. He writes, " I have not described
any species under the name P. zizicc, and have never used that
name." But in the Can. Ent., May, 1896, p. 136, after giv-
ing the characters of P. affinis Sm., he says, "I think that
there is no question but that this is the P. affinis of Smith,
but the male described by him probably does not belong to it.
If, however, this should prove to be distinct from P. ajfinis,
the name Prosopis zizice is proposed for it." Mr. Robertson
was, then, the first to write and the first to publish the name
Prosopis zizia. As the name is not required it certainly would
have been better had it never been proposed.
In the Entomologist, Prof. Cockerell writes: "/*. ajji)iis
Smith, and P. modesta Say. Mr. Robertson formerly published
igoi] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163
the opinion that these were identical. I found I had two
species from the Eastern U. S. to which I applied these names,
and accordingly wrote to him about the matter. He replied
that he also had arrived at the conclusion that there were two
species concerned, and shortly afterwards he published the dis-
tinctive characters in Can. Ent., May, 1896. His two species
are the same as mine, but what he calls affinis I had called
modcsta, and vice versa." After referring to the poorness of
the descriptions and the difficulty of identifiying the species,
he adds : " Mr. Robertson, feeling this, goes so far as to pro-
pose the alternative name zizia for the proposed affinis, and
until we can have a better description of the latter, from Smith's
type, it will be preferable, I think, to call the insect zizia-
Rob. ' ' The name ' ' Prosopis zizifs Rob. ' ' occurs several times
in Prof. Cockerell's papers, and the author of the list of the
Hymenoptera of New Jersey under Prosopis also writes, " Pro-
sopis zizicc Robt. ' '
I do not think much importance is to be attached to attempts
to identify the supposed males of affinis and modesta in Smith's
and Say's descriptions.
Over the Range in a Wagon.
By PROF, and MRS. A. J. SNYDER.
(Continued from page 147, Vol. XII.)
On Monday we passed over the Gores range after a hard
struggle and after we had exhausted our persuasive powers
upon old Bay and Gray a number of times. The upper por-
tion of this range is covered with heavy pine timber, and no
doubt there is an abundance of game back from the road. Two
young men who followed us and camped one night here had a
shot at an elk, but the only game we saw was now 7 and then a
saucy pine squirrel. On the summit we found a perfect flower
garden and butterflies abundant especially Argynnis. We hoped
to find equally good collection on beyond, so foolishly only
stopped here a short time, during which sixty-nine butterflies
were taken. As we descended the range we entered a beauti-
ful small park and early went into camp beside a spring of
164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
excellent water. All the hill sides were covered at the tops
with pines, and at the lower edges of these pine covered ridges
were many flowers. Beautiful purple tinted columbines, sego
lilies, vetches, sedum and several species of Compositse. Here
too there were butterflies until the approach of evening drove
them to shelter.
The next day we made a long drive through Toponas, a
country post-office, and on to Yampa, where the pasturage was
so short that we had to hire it for our horses and turn them
into the corall, or frequently change their staking ground. The
day's journey was through the usual sage brush and marked by
the absence of game or insects. In the midst of a small bunch
of sage I found a huge cricket w r hich looked so ferocious and
snapped so viciously that one hesitated to touch it. Buffalo
skulls were seen occasionally, but all good horns had been col-
lected long ago. In several moist places were beautiful beds
of the fringed gentian, and occasionally along the road would
be seen a few blossoms of another species. The western red
tailed hawk was common but wary. One of the characteristic
birds of this section of Colorado is the sage thrasher.
At Yampa we were again camped near an excellent trout
stream and Will caught nine the first evening. The next day
we both tried our hands at the sport and secured a fine string
of the speckled beauties, all that we could eat. Here we also
restocked our provision boxes and inquired for big game.
About the yard in which we camped was a fence some sixty
or more yards long made entirely of old elk antlers. To the
left in the distance could be seen the Flat Top mountains, the
home of elk and deer. In this section it was the usual thing
to see near each ranch a meat house. A house built eight or
more feet above the ground, and looking much like a large
squirrel or dove house. This little house is enclosed with wire
netting to keep away the flies, and within it the meat is hung
exposed to the air. In that dry atmosphere meat will keep
almost indefinitely.
After leaving Yampa, we felt that we were indeed striking
into the wilderness. Our instructions carried us to a certain
ranch, and from thence we were to take our course entirel) T by
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165
keeping to the right or left of certain mountains or by follow-
ing streams. After a day's drive of the usual up and down
hill nature, we came to Trout Creek and decided to camp here,
for a mountain rose before us too steep for a tired team. Several
parties were in camp near here, and as every one we saw carried
a rifle, we felt that at last we must be in a game region. Even
here, we were near a ranch. It seems impossible in these days
to get entirely away from the haunts of man, at least with a
wagon. By using pack horses it is easy to reach points of such
dense solitude that the most selfish recluse should be satisfied,
but wherever a wagon can go the squatter may be found living
an out-door life, and finding all that he needs for existence
either through the aid of plow, pick or rifle.
The following morning, after desperate persuasion of old
Gray, we slowly crawled up the mountain side, past two fern
thickets the first we saw in Colorado and about 10 o'clock
came to a fine spring, in whose neighborhood we were told
deer abounded. Here we found a Mr. Green, of Canon City,
Col., and his son Oscar in camp.
That morning Oscar had seen fourteen deer. Butterflies and
even tents were forgotten, the forty-five -ninety taken from its
case, and soon we were scouring the mountains back of camp
where deer tracks were so abundant that it looked as though a
large drove of sheep had been feeding. All the deer, however,
had taken to cover, and not until we had given up the chase
and were approaching camp had we a sight of one. On coming
to the top of a ridge we saw a large one running through the
valley some four hundred yards below, and both opened fire,
but the deer escaped.
THE " BUGOLOGIST'S" DEER STORY.
' Next morning, before daylight, I was up and starting
through the wet grass (it had rained during the night) in
search of a deer. One was found within two hundred yards
of camp, but it stood so still that I could not be sure it was a
deer until it gave one jump and was out of sight in the timber.
Less than half a mile from camp another, a two year old buck,
was found on the top of the ridge and offered an excellent shot
l66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
at about one hundred and fifty yards. As the rifle cracked the
deer jumped into the air and ran. On going to the spot no
sign of deer or blood could be found, but I soon found its trail
and had followed it but a few feet when the deer jumped from
the brush almost under my feet, giving me for an instant a
decided fright. It was so badly wounded that it went but a
short distance and fell. It was necessary to shoot it again. By
7 o'clock we had our deer in camp and dressed. Our thirst for
blood was somewhat satisfied with this killing. But two days
later I again took a ramble through the ridges back of camp
and shot a second deer. This gave us all the venison we could
possibly use, and as we learned later was all the deer the law
allows one to kill in one season in Colorado. A couple of days
later, Will saw a buck with six or seven prongs, and we made
some effort to find and kill this fellow, but he was too wary.
While looking for this monarch of the forest I came up on one
side of a log, and a fawn about a year old jumbed up on the
other side and ran about fifty yards, then turned and gazed at
me in wonder. It afforded a beautifui shot, but was too pretty
a picture to mar with blood, so the rifle was not raised. During
the same morning a number of does were started and could easily
have been killed, but we needed no meat, and were not of the
number who kill for sport alone. It seems remarkable that
the deer should have remained in this region, although Will
had been firing the shot gun at birds aimost continually, and
I have taken the time of entomologists to tell of my first deer,
not only because of its interest to me, but because the story
proves that there are yet places in the United States where the
deer are abundant, more abundant than I had supposed them
anywhere outside of Yellowstone Park." Within a day's ride
of this spot, in the Flat Top Mountains, elk are still abundant,
but we had traveled far enough, had accomplished all and more
than we anticipated in the way of game and, moreover, there
was a miserable mountain to be crossed if we continued the
journey, so we made this the turning point, and after a week
in camp here started home.
Although several trips were made for insects nothing of value
was found here except two Catocala groteiana, a few Euprepia
utahensis and one Pseudohazis nuttallii.
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. l6j
Thistles were abundant in many places, and about these were
dozens of humming birds. A burrowing mole was abundant
about camp, and several were shot by watching for them and
shooting them when they came up to throw out the dirt, and
Will secured some good birds. Beetles we searched for dili-
gently under stones and old bark but they were not there.
Pieris pallida came about the spring and an occasional Grapta.
A few common species were found on lower ground along the
stream, but everywhere it was too dry and too late. Two even-
ings were spent in smoking our jerked venison, and then one
morning we took a farewell glance at Eagle Point, which had
been our land mark in all our ramblings near this camp, and
realized that we were homeward bound. On our way to Yam pa
we stopped at noon for an hour's collecting, where Pamphilia
and Argynnis were attracted to certain Compositae growing in
abundance in a little draw, and at Yampa, where we spent
another Sunday, we tried sugaring, and actually caught several
Catocala. On top of the Gores range where the flowers had been
so abundant, we camped for an afternoon and night, and collec-
ted and sugared again. Argynnids were abundant, and a few
very dark Graptas \vere taken. At sugar a few geometrids
were taken, but no Catocala too high we thought and too
cool at night.
The bird fauna had changed remarkably since the outward
journey. During all the going we had seen no butcher birds,
but returning saw and shot a number. We imagined that they
were beginning to migrate. Hawks were abundant and a
number of large ones were killed, and among them several
varieties of one species, Swainson's hawk, I believe, being the
most common. On the Gores range we were just ahead of a
forest fire which some careless camper had started, and whose
smoke darkened the sky during all of one day. Vast quanti-
ties of pine timber are destroyed every year by these fires,
although rangers are continually riding back and forth through
the forest reserves, and there are heavy penalties attached to
leaving unextinguished camp fires.
At the western base of the main range we camped one night,
and again attempted sugaring. Result one L'atocala and a few
1 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
more of the same species of geometer. The hurrah with which
we reached the summit of Berthoud Pass, was hardly less hearty
than the one with which we greeted it going up from the other
side. We camped two days on the summit and collected on
Mt. Flora which rises several hundred feet above the pass.
Snow still abounded here, and at the edge of the snow banks
we found Colias mcadii. Just below the summit Parnassins
smintheus, var. nanus was common, and at the timber line
Lyctzna rustica was abundant. In the timber Arg. helcna was
thick upon the flower patches, and an occasional Colias eury-
thcme, and one or two meadii were also found here. An almost
white Colias {scuddcri 9 ) was also found, but not in abundance.
One day we came down from the summit and had just reached
the timber line as the sun went under a cloud. On coming to
a large patch of flowers we found Arg. helena and a species of
noctuid resting on the flowers. The Argynnids with their wings
folded back to back as though asleep. Without using the net
we soon tumbled these species into the bottle until it was full.
At this point we completed our first thousand insects collected,
and only two hundred more were taken, making 1200, or the,
smallest catch I have ever had in the Rockies. All because
we were too late, and the weather was too dry.
About Idaho Springs we found several species that were not
seen on the outward trip. On Floyd's Hill we stuck fast and
no amount of persuading or unloading could persuade old Gray
to go up. At last a good Samaritan came along and helped us
over the summit with his team, and because of his goodness we
were able to disappoint our enemies and greet home and native
land again. All was easy from this point on. We stopped again
at our friend's residence, burned the remnants of our outing
clothes, scrubbed ourselves diligently and replaced everything
for the journey home. Our horses which had served us so
faithfully, in spite of old Gray's eccentricities, were taken to
the stock yards in Denver, and it was with delight that we
were able to sell old Gray to one party, and see the faithful
Bay go into the hands of an owner who promised to treat her
well and not disgrace her by compelling her to work with such
an old shirk as the one whom we had compelled her to labor.
igoi]
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
169
Over three hundred bird and mammal skins, twelve hundred
butterflies, a few beetles, all the game and fish we could eat,
hearty out-door life and pure air we had enjoyed for more
than seven weeks, and a closer contact with nature than had
ever fallen to our lot, and all for a reasonable expenditure of
money. Our appetites were enormous, our health good, and
moreover there is nothing equal 10 the pleasure of getting
home and living in a house once more. As our friends had
said, " The memories of that trip will always be with us and
we have little to regret. ' ' May all who hear this crude account
some day, sometime, have an equally enjoyable trip.
A New Device.
Useful for taking Moths from Tree Trunks, Fences, etc., or from the
Ground without using the Net.
By F. A. MKRRICK, New Brighton, Pa.
a. A pint Mason fruit jar.
b. Clamp for holding jar.
c. Threaded spud to fit net
handle.
d. Thumbscrew to clamp jar
firmly.
e. Metal screw top of Mason jar.
f. Opening cut through lid full
size of jar opening.
g. Stop to prevent slide pulling
out of frame.
h. Frame soldered to top of lid.
i. Slide door to close jar when
insect is in.
j. Rubber band (Y 2 in. o. o. o.)
spring to close slide.
k. Pin soldered to lid to hold end of spring.
/. Pin (bent wire nail) soldered to slide door to hold other end of rubber
band.
m String for opening slide door.
The above cut shows very clearly an arrangement for an au-
tomatic closing lid for cyanide jar, also clamp for attaching jar
to net handle. As I use the pint Mason jar exclusively for my
cyanide jar, and use the M. Abbot Fraser net frame and jointed
handle, 1, of course, made it to suit these things but a socket
in place of threaded bolt at " C " would receive any cane or
stick of any kind, and in place of the screw lid for a Mason
e
I
iyO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
jar the frame and slide door can be soldered to any tin lid to
slip tiglitly over or into any kind of a jar, so that any collector,
by slight modifications, can adapt it to his favorite jar and net
handle.
To use this device I simply remove the net from the handle
and replace it with the clamp " b," insert one of my cyanide
bottles and clamp it tightly by turning thumbscrew " d," then
put on my lid and it is ready for use. Holding my net handle
close tq the end with my right hand, with my left I pull the
string until the slide door is w r ide open ; (the stop " g ' pre-
vents it being pulled entirely out of the slide); then I slip the
string between the first finger of the right hand, and, the net
handle pressing firmly on it, this holds the trap open until I
have placed the mouth of the jar over his "mothship," and
as soon as he flies out into the jar release the string and the
lid will slide up and imprison him.
I used this with the most gratifying results last summer, not
only on those that were too high to reach with bottle in hand,
for which I had designed it, but equally desirable for those
near the ground or on the ground, as, being enabled to remain
several feet from them, I had no trouble in capturing the most
wary, even in the hottest days. For Catocalse I consider it
invaluable, and extremely desirable for all Heterocera.
Should any of the readers of this have any difficulty in get-
ting one made from this cut and description I shall be glad to
give any further details on application, only please do not ask
me to make them for you, as bugs are here and I am busy. A
tinner can make you one.
On a Small Collection of Butterflies made in Cali-
fornia and Arizona.
By HENRY SKINNER, M.D.
Prof. L,evi W. Mengel of Reading, Penna. , very kindly sub-
mitted to me for study a small collection of butterflies made by
the late Mr. Irvin Runyeon of Reading. Mr. Runyeon made
a wagon journey from Redlands, California, eastward into>
Arizona. His brother, Mr. George Runyeon, gives the fol-
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IJI
lowing as the route : ' ' He started from Redlands and went
directly eastward through the passes of the San Bernardino
Mountains ; then still eastward through the Mohave Desert to
the counties on the extremity of Arizona. He did not go
further north than Bill William's Fork River, nor further
south than La Paz.* He went about one hundred miles toward
the interior and returned almost the same general way."
When I saw this collection I could hardly believe it was made
in the United States, as there were so many species new to
our list. I do not know how much of an effort Mr. Runyeoii
made to get Lepidoptera, but do not imagine he worked very
hard at collecting as he was an invalid and only collected
through his friendship for Prof. Mengel.
This list shows what we may expect in the future, and
proves that many more species will be added fron the south-
west when the country is carefully collected. No large butter-
flies were taken, but there were two or three species of common
Lycsenidae in poor condition.
LIST.
Eudamus simplicius Stoll.
eurycles Latr.
doranles Stoll.
zilpha Bull.
a/c&us Hew.
" hippa/us Edw.
Heliopetes laviana Hew.
Hespcria syrichtus Fabr.
Chiomara asychis Cr.
Thanaos tristis Boisd.
funeralis Scud. -Burg.
Butleria microsticta ? Godm.-Salv.
Heteropia melon Godm. and Salv. Ancyloxypha arene Edw.
Erycidcs amyntas Fabr.
Telegonus liahneli Stand.
Timochares ruptifasciatus Plotz.
Pamphila phylfpus Dm.
druryi Latr.
eufala Edw.
Staphylus brennus Mab. nemorum Bd.
Pholisora catullus Fabr.
Out of these twenty-three species, eleven are new to our
fauna of America north of Mexico. An expert collector could
probably make a remarkable catch in this region.
* "La Paz is a small town near the western border of Arizona and near
the Colorado River. It is almost midway between the Gila and Bill
William's Fork Rivers.
MK. A. G. WEEKS, JR., of Boston, Mass., will describe over eighty new
butterflies collected by Mr. W. J. Gerhard in Bolivia. They will be pub-
lished in various journals and figured by Mr. Weeks.
172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
A New Ascalaphid from the United States.
By NATHAN BANKS.
Our Ascalaphid fauna is not very large at present. There are
three species of Ptyn.v from the extreme southern parts, one
Colboptcrus, and two species of Ulnla ; to this last genus I now
add a third. No species are at present known from Califor-
nia, so it is quite probable that a few more species will be added
to our meagre list.
The new species comes from Arizona, and is closely related
\.o Ulula hyalina, but distinct by a number of minor characters.
Ulula albifrons n. sp.
Clypeus and mouth parts yellowish ; head clothed with white hair, with
which some gray is mixed. Antennae brown, each joint narrowly tipped
with pale ; club pale brown, paler on tip, in length the antennae reach
only to the tip of abdomen. Thorax brown, mostly with white hair be-
low, some brown hair above, especially each side of the metascutellum ;
on each anterior lobe of the thorax there is a pale yellowish spot, a median
pale spot on mesoscutellum, and another on the metascutellum. Legs
brownish, paler at knees. Abdomen brown, mottled with paler brown,
and with black ; last segment partly yellowish above. Wings hyaline,
pterostigma dark brown ; venation black, except the costal margin near
base, which is yellowish ; ten to twelve cross-veinlets between radial
sector and radius before the pterostigma.
Length 20 mm.; expanse 50 mm.
Three specimens from Phoenix, Arizona, (Kunze). The dif-
ference between this and the allied. U. hyalina may be gleaned
from the following table of our three species of Ulula :
1. Pterostigma yellow, on hind wings several dark clouds near tip.
U. zuadripunctata.
Pterostigma dark brown, sometimes one dark cloud in hind wings near
tip . 2.
2. Front with white hair, antennae annulate, reaching to tip of abdomen,
venation black, 10 to 12 cross-veins between radius and radial
sector, smaller species . U. albifrons.
Front with dark hair, antennae not annulate, reaching beyond end of
abdomen, venation partly light brown, 15 to 17 cross-veinlets
between radius and radial sector, larger species . U hyalina.
Anthocharis genutia has been quite plentiful this spring in New Jersey.
Mr. Witmer Stone took it at Meford ; Messrs. Viererk and Rehn at River-
ton ; Mr. Erich Daecke at Clementon ; Dr. Skinner and Mr. Thomas at
Westville, and Mr. W. G. Freedley at Crosswicks.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 173
Letters from Thomas Say to John F. Melsheimer,
18 16- 1825. IV.
Philac!* April 27 th 1817.
Dear Sir
I thank you cordially for the box of Insects you last sent
me, they came to hand in the most perfect good order, not
a pin was loosed, nor a member broken ; some of them I
had not in my collection, particularly the Aradus ; but what
is more important to me is that the insects you send me en-
ables me to identify those of my cabinet with the names in
your catalogue, all these names I shall preserve as far as I
know them unless the insects to which they are adapted have
been described by others under other names in this case the
name of the described insect must be of course retained be-
cause it is already established & known to entomologists &
unless also your name is applied by other writers, to another
insect of the same Genus, in this case too, the name must be
changed to avoid confusion I am very anxious that the vanity
that induces many naturalists to change specific names un-
necessarily, should be discountenanced, as I am convinced it
will be, by every true friend to the interesting science we
pursue ; for besides introducing much confusion & adding
exceedingly to the labour of the study, it is undoubtedly rob-
bing the first describer of his just rights, If the thing is done
through ignorance, it is another matter, & the innovator shall
then be held guiltless, provided he exerted himself to obtain
better information. Some of the Insects you sent me I had
already described under names of my own these names I was
very happy to reject, in favour of those of your catalogue to
which your numbers referred me
The Elater Noctilucus emits a permanent light so vivid that
I could make out to read large letter press alone Olivier 's
figure of this Insect represents it of the same size as ours, that
of Phosphoreus about the size of your female Atcrrimus
Herbst's figure of Phosphoreus is much larger than that of
Olivier & represents it in length about an inch 6c a quarter &
more than proportionally broad, he says in his description that
174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
from its magnitude he would have taken it for the Noctilncus,
if De Geer had not given as a distinctive & differential charac-
ter of the two species, that in Phosphoreus the thoracic spots
are visible beneath, a circumstance which combined with its
magnitude & " Personne au surplus n'a remarque une dent
mousse au milieu du bord inferior du corcelet' ' will not permit
us to consider them as the same, untill we know more about
them According to Humbolt & Bonpland the larva of E.
Noctilucus feeds in the Sugar cane Latreille also considers
them as distinct
The Gymnopleure I sent you under the name of Indicus is
perhaps the Leei of Fabricius the insect figured & described
by Oliver, which he calls Fnlgidus is certainly very similar to
it, Fab : says it is only a variety It also strongly resembles the
sinuatus, fig? by Oliv : but indeed I am not certain of the in-
sect at all it may be Sinuatus at last
The two insects Nemestrinus Pithecius in the descriptions
given to us of them, bear to each other a strong resemblance.
Turton says of both species that the ' ' Elytra are striated ' ' if
this be true our insect cannot be either as its elytra, are not
properly speaking, striated, as the lines are not at all im-
pressed & but just visible, but this character Fab : omits For
Nemestrinus, Fab : refers to Herbst : Arch : t 43 f i This
work I have, edited by Fuessly and translated into the French
language, his figure is certainly not that of our species for be-
sides many other differences the elytra are represented as
strongly & very obviously striated, the thoracic horns also are
very different they are placed nearer together & point more
horizontally forward, Herbst observes that it is covered be-
neath on the feet with red hair But upon reference to Oli-
vier' s fig: & descr (This noble work I have access to through
the kindness of a friend) I was at once convinced to a cer-
tainty that the Ins : I sent you as Pitheciiis is the Molossns
The color of Pithecius is ferruginous & it is much less than
our Insect : & Oliv? fig. of Nemestrinus agrees perfectly with
Herbst' s Olivier says of Molossus that at the base of the horn
of the head on each side is an elevated line ' ' L,e corcelet est
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 175
coupe anterieurment et muni d'une petite cornu dessous de la
corne il y a un petit enfoncement. " I also referred to Drury's
fig : (Exotic Ins :) which I found much better & more obviously
characteristic than that of Olivier The Ins: I sent you as Mo-
lossus comes nearest to Olivier 's fig & description of S. Buceph-
alus & so I have named it in my collection.
As to the large Buprestis, specimens of which you sent me
with the supposition of its being the B. Mariana, I cannot posi-
tively say what species it is referable to, but it is probable I
think that it is no other than the Mariana Fabricius, S) r st.
Eleut. says it inhabits ' ' Europa boreali ' ' he refers to Drury
Vol i t 30 & to Herbst : Arch : t 28 f. 4 these two figures
differ very much from each other, the latter was designed from
the European specimen, & the former from a specimen capt-
ured in Virginia, & very probably the difference observable be-
tween the two figures, is owing to the little care taken in the
drawing or engraving In Turton's L,in : an insect is de-
scribed under the name Virginica which is doubtless intended
for the insect in question, he refers to this same fig. of Drury
before mentioned Fab. Syst. Eleut, omits this specific name
(Virginica) no doubt judging it to be the same precisely with
the European Mariana Turton says of Mariana that it In-
habits New Holland & does not give it as an European Insect
at all Olivier on the other hand says it inhabits in all Europe
& also in America So that you will see that the thing is not
settled Paykull. Faun. Suec. gives a description somewhat in
detail, agreeing very well with our insect I have not access to
Petiver's Gazoph but that work is not quoted in the Syst :
Eleut : under the species Mariana The sinus in the terminal
abdominal segment of the male is indeed remarkably conspicu-
ous, the same conformation occurs though less obviously in
some other Insects the only ones which at present occur to me
as exhibiting the truth of this remark are the Cicindelse, in
some of the males of which, this structure is perceptible, tS: the
tail of the females in many instances is canaliculated in a simi-
lar manner The specimen you allude to marked />. I should
suppose is but a variety it is however of a larger size & less
176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
brilliant colour, if they are of frequent occurrence some distin-
guishing character may perhaps be established
I am going on with my descriptions of our American Insects,
this will be a work totally distinct from my ' ' American Ento-
mology ' ' this last I hope soon to issue the first number of,
which has been delayed by unforseen obstacles, which are now
completely removed I find a great many ins : for which I can-
not refer to your catalogue, not having received the species of
you ; & many which are not contained in the catalogue ; all
these of course I have to name, I mean such as I have not been
described ; as for instance, I have thirteen species of the Genus
Cicindela, there are only seven in your catalogue & of these
but five whose names I can preserve the other two, not having
received from you I have perhaps described under some other
name ; & so of others.
I should be very happy to receive from you any insects of
your catalogue, that I have not had, & for these I should ex-
pect to remunerate you
Of the two species of Langnria you sent me one is the Tro-
gosita bicolor of Fabricius & and the other L. mozardi of L,a-
treille. I have found two new genera & perhaps three one
of which I have named & the second
the first is remarkable for its large mentum, the anten : are
moniliform & the thorax has three raised lines &c the
is a small insect, one sex of which has two spines upon
its very large palpi & the elytra are abbreviated you shall
hear more about them
I send you descriptions of some of our fresh water & land
1 It is to be inferred from this that Say intended to publish these de-
scriptions on lines similar to those of his American Entomology, which
intention was, however, not consummated These "descriptions," if of
new species, probably appeared in the many articles contributed by Say
to the various journals then existing. It is more likely that they were
descriptions of known as well as new forms, and were never published.
W. J. F.
2 These proposed genera were probably never published by Say, as
they are omitted from Scudder's Nomenclator. It is therefore thought
advisable not to include the names here. W. J. F.
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 177
shells, these I made out for an Encyclopedia publishing here Ov
fo which I have undertaken the department of Natural History
since these \vere published I have found several new species
(It is a small pamphlet & will be sent by the same mail with
this letter)
Mr. Le Seueur, the celebrated friend of Peron, a French
naturalist no doubt well known by character to you, is about
to publish an elegant work on the American Fish, he does
every thing himself, draws, engraves, prints & colours, so that
it will be got out with the least possible expense, he has already
engraved eight plates for it ; he intends to have it of the same
size as mine 3 - -Prof . Barton, nephew of the late Prof. B. S.
Barton intends to publish' a work on the plants of North
America with coloured plates,
"A general System of Nature through the three grand king-
doms of Animals, vegetables & minerals" &c "translated from
Gmelin's last Edition of the celebrated Systema Naturae by Sir
Charles L/inne amended & enlarged by the improvements &
discoveries of later naturalists & societies with appropriate
Copperplates by William Turton, M.D." it is in Six volumes
octavo & the last set which has been rec c .' from England was
imported by a friend of mine for his own use, it cost him five
Dollars each volume it is a work of little repute in England, &
rarely quoted by Entomologists The ' ' Transactions of L/in-
naean Society of London ' ' are now in Eleven volumes One
volume is published each year & costs about one hundred dol-
lars for the whole Eleven volumes
I would thank you to let me know of any European Works
in which an}- of our American Insects are described I am de-
termined to get them all if possible for I cannot well do with-
out them. I would be liable to describe as new, Insects well
known & and long since described in Europe
With the highest respect
I remain your most Obdt Servt
Thomas Say
;t This intended work does not seem to have been published, as it is
omitted from bibliography W. J. F.
178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
Contributions to the Odonata of Maine. IV.
By (the late) F. L,. HARVEY, Orono, Me.*
(Continued from ENT. NEWS., Vol. IX, Nos. 3 and 4, 1898).
Species in this article reported for the first time by me are
numbered from 67 to 82. Those below 67 refer to species first
reported in ENT. NEWS, Vol. II, Nos. 3 and 4, 1891 ; Vol. Ill,
Nos. 4 and 5, 1892, and Vol. IX, Nos. 3 and 4, 1898. Four-
teen species new to Penobscot water are recorded, making the
species known to occur in the Penobscot Valley 82. The num-
ber of species known to the writer to occur in Maine is 93. We
have added full descriptions of some of the rarer species, think-
ing they will be acceptable to entomologists. We have taken
pains to give exact data, recording localities for rare species so
that in the future others may know where to look for them.
The remarkable finds are Enallagma gcminatum, Ophiogom-
plnis carolus, the females of Ophiogomphus anomalus and an
abundance of males ; Ophiogomphus aspcrns, Ophiogomphus
johannus, an abundance of the males of Gompluts scuddcri ;
Neurocordulia Yamaskanensis and Somatochlora septentrionalis
new to the United States ; Cclithemis ornata taken inland, and
Lnicorhinia frigida and glacialis, both rare species.
Subfamily CALOPTERYGIN^E.
i. Calopteryx maculata Beauv.
A single male on Russell Stream, N. E. Carry, August 27th,
1899 (Harvey).
54. Hetaerina americana Fabr.
A single male along a swift flowing brook, July, 1898, Au-
burn (E. D. Merrill) ; many of both sexes, 1898, Winslow
(C. F. Hitchings) ; Chemo Mills, Sept. 13, 1899 (Harvey).
Prof. Hitchings has reared this species and has the nymphs.
Our specimens were taken from rocks in swift water.
* The last letter from Prof. Harvey received by me, written a very few
days before his death, accompanied the manuscript of this article, and
contained this request : " Please make the best you can of this for me."
I have carefully compared the various sheets sent to me, some being in
duplicate with the present result. A few supplementary notes of my
own are enclosed in square brackets []. P. P. Calvert.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 179
Subfamily AGRIONIN^E
60. Lestes congener Hagen.
Orono, Me., July 29, 1899 (Harvey). Over small pond in
pasture. Abundant.
3. Argia violacea Hagen.
Chemo Stream, Sept. 13, 1899 (Harvey). Several speci-
mens seen. A very late date for this region.
58. Erythromma conditum Hagen.
A single male taken at Vinal Brook, Orono, Me., July 3,
1899, has the abdomen full}- 30 mm. long. This specimen has
on the dorsum of the abdominal segments 8 and 9 a narrow
median black line, which extends on 8 about seven-eighths the
length, and on 9 about two- thirds the length; also on 8 and 9
on each side of these median lines, near the end, is a small
round dot. These markings are not mentioned in descriptions
of this species and should be recorded. We have not examined
a large series and these marks may be normal. The books say
' 8 and 9 blue. '
8. Enallagma hageni Walsh.
The coloration of this species is quite variable. Specimens
taken at the same locality and the same dates, and having un-
doubted appendages of this species, varied as follows in the
color of the abdomen: (a) Apical fourth of 3-5, more than
half of 6, whole of 7 and 10, black, (b) Apical third of 3,
half of 4, two-thirds of 5, the whole of 6-7 and 10, and a pro-
ximal dot on each side of 8, black, (c) Apical fourth of 3-4,
third of 5, three- fourths of 6, whole of 7 and 10, and a longi-
tudinal stripe on either side of distal half of 8, black. (d)
Apical fourth of 3-4, one-third of 5, three- fourths of 6, whole
of 7 and ro, and a longitudinal stripe on each side of the whole
length of 8, black ; the stripes are connected by an apical ring,
their proximal ends show a tendency to be connected, being
extended transversely, and there is a median dorsal dot between
the extensions, (e) Another specimen lacks the dorsal dot
and apical ring.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thankfully receive items
of news likely to interest' its readers from any source. The author's name will be given
in each case, for the information of cataloguers and bibliographers.]
To Contributors. All contributions will be considered and passed upon at our
earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published according to date of recep-
tion. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a circulation, both in numbers and circumfer-
ence, as to make it necessary to put " copy " into the hands of the printer, for each num-
ber, three weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or
important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five "extras," without change in form,
will be given free, when they are wanted ; and this should be so stated on the MS., along
with the number desired. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. ED.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1901.
We publish this month some letters received in regard to the
shipping of insects, because we believe they will have a good
effect and call attention to the great carelessness of American
entomologists in regard to entomological technic. .It is true
that we will always have the careless and slipshod collector as
well as those that are careful and neat ; but the careless can
learn and improve, and the average condition of collections
may be raised to a higher standard. To be personal in illus-
tration, we wish that all Coleopterists could see the collection
of Mr. H. W. Wenzel of Philadelphia, and all L/epidopterists
the collection of Dr. Strecker of Reading. Many persons, how-
ever, do excellent work in entomology who have not the time
to look after details.
We wish to call attention to the valuable address of the
President of the Entomological Society of London.*
Is is full of strong, common-sense points in regard to de-
scriptions, types, orthography, etc., and should be of interest
to all entomologists.
I RAISED Thecla martealis this season from full grown larvse at Miami,
Florida. The food plant was a tropical shrub Trenia micraniha, the
larva a dull green with no markings, the whole upper surface covered
thickly with short bristle-like hairs of pure white, giving the larva a frosted
appearance. ANNIE TRUMBULL, SLOSSON.
* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. v. 1900.
1 80
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. l8l
Entomological Literature.
COMPILED BY P. P. CALVERT.
Under the above head it is intended to mention papers received at the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas ( North
and South). Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. Contribu-
tions to the anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, relating to Ameri-
can or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in HEAVY-FACED TYPE refer to the
journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published ; * denotes
that the paper in quest ion contains descriptions of new North American forms. Titles of all
articles in foreign languages are translated into English; usually such articles are written
in the same language as th^ title of the journal containing them, but when such articles are in
other languages than English, French, German or Italian, this fact is indicated in brackets.
2. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, xxvii, Phila-
delphia, May, '01. 4. The Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont., May,
'01. 5. Psyche, Cambridge, Mass., May, '01. G Journal of the New
York Entomological Society, March, '01, Rec'd. April 29. 9. The En-
tomologist, London, May, '01. 11. The Annals and Magazine of Nat-
ural History, London, '01. 12. Comptes Rendus. L'Academie des
Sciences, Paris, '01. 21. The Entomologist's Record, London, April
15, 'or. 22, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic, April, 15, '01. 35.
Annales, Socie"te" Entomologique de Belgique, xlv, 4, Brussels, April 30,
'or. 3(5T. Transactions, 3(>P. Proceedings, Entomological Society of
London. 45. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1900, heft ii, Ber-
lin, Feb., "or. 46. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, xliii, 3-4, The Hague,
April 5, '01. 5O. Proceedings, United States National Museum, Wash-
ington, '01. 54. Journal, Royal Horticultural Society, xxv, 3, London,
April, '01. 74. Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin, 'or.
79. La Nature, Paris, '01. 93. Rendiconti, Reale Accademia dei
Lincei, Rome, April 21, 'or. 14G. The Entomological Student, Phila-
delphia, May 15, 'or.
THE GENERAL SUBJECT. Bohn, G. L'Evolution du pig-
ment, Scientia. Biologic No. ir, Febr., 'or. [Paris ?]. Bramlicourt,
V. Insects : resistance to death by decapitation or submersion, 79,
May 4. v. Dallu Torre, C. W. [Literature on] Relations between
plants and animals, fertilization, injuries to the plant world by animals,
etc., for 1898, Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht, xxvi, ii, 3, Leipsic, '01.
l>e\vitz, J. Prevention of pupation in insect larvag, fig., Archiv fiir
Entwickelungsmechanik der Organismen, xi, 3-4, Leipsic, April 12, '01.
Elwes, H. J. Obituary notice of the late Dr. Otto Staudinger, 3<>F,
1900, pt. v, April 19, 'or. Verrall, G. H. The President's address
(descriptions and types, orthography in entomology), 36P, ibid.
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Aiioii. The malaria expedi-
tion to Nigeria, Science, New York, April rg, '01. Banks, N. Bibli-
ography of the more important contributions to American Economic
Entomology. Part vii. The more important writings published between
Dec. 3r, 1896, and Jan. i, 1900. U. S. Dep't. of Agriculture, Division of
182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
Entomology, Washington, '01. 100 pp. + 13 pp., index. Billotte.
Phylloxera in Lorraine, Memoires, 1'Academie de Metz, cxxxix annee,
1898-99. 1900. Bordage, E. On some [insect] parasites of the coffee-
tree in Reunion, Bulletin, Socie"te Nationale d'Acclimatation de France,
Paris, Mar., '01. Femald, C. H.. and U. T. Report of the entomo-
logists, i3th Annual Report Hatch Exper. Sta., Massachusetts Agric.
College, Boston, Jan., 'or. Brittoii, W. E. Experience with hydro-
cyanic acid gas in barn and greenhouse, On the banding of trees to pre-
vent the fall cankerworm, Miscellaneous notes on insects and insecticides,
and with Jenkins, E. H., The protection of shade trees, figs., 9 pis.
Report, Connecticut Agric. Exper. Station for the year ending Oct. 31,
1900, pt. iii. [Date and place of publication not given]. Cartaz, A.
Trombidiosis, 79, April 6. Cousins, H. H. Fumigation with hydro-
cyanic acid gas, 54. Felt, E. P. i6th Report of the state entomolo-
gist on injurious and other insects of the State of New York, 16 pis. Bul-
letin 36, New York State Museum, Albany, Mar., '01 ; Illustrated de-
scriptive catalogue of some of the more important injurious and benefi-
cial insects of New York State, Bulletin 37 of same, Sept , 'oo. Fockeu,
H. The Potentillas, their vegetable and animal parasites, their galls,
Revue Generale de Botanique, Paris, April 15, '01. Gillette, C. P.
Apiary experiments, 6 pis., Bulletin 54, Agric. Exper. Station, Agric.
College of Colorado, Fort Collins, Colo., May, 'oo. Rec'd. May, '01.
Hollrimg 1 , M. Jahresbericht iiber die Neuerungen und Leistungen auf
dem Gebiete des Pflanzenschutzes Zweiter Band : Das Jahr 1899, Berlin.
Paul Parey, 1900. Laveraii. Anopheles and its role in the propaga-
tion of paludism, Comptes Rendus, Societe de Biologic, Paris, April 20,
'01. Newstead, K. The currant bud-mite or currant gall-mite (Phy-
toptus ribis Westw.), figs., 54. Noe, G. Propagation of blood filariae
solely by the puncture of mosquitos (3rd preliminary note), 93. Kog'-
ers, L. The transmission of the Trypanosoma Evansi by horse flies,
and other experiments pointing to the probable identity of Surra of India
and Nagana or tsetsefly disease of Africa, Proceedings, Royal Society,
London, No. 444, May 4, '01. Sajo, K. Weevils injurious to rye,
Zeitschrift fiir Pflanzen-krankheiten, xi, i, Stuttgart, March 16, '01 San-
derson, E. 1>. Report of the Entomologist, many figs. Twelfth
Annual Report, Delaware College Agric. Exper. Station for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1900. Newark, Del., '01. Smith, J. B. Report
of the Entomological Department of the New Jersey Agric. College Ex-
per. Station for the year 1900, figs. Somerville, N. J. 1901. (N. J. Agr.
Coll. Exper. Sta. Rep., pp. 477-572). Stephens, J. W. W., and
Christophers, S. K. [The proposed site for European residences in
the Freetown Hills, etc.] ; Daniels, C. W. Observations on the Ano-
pheles of British Central Africa during dry season ; Distribution and
breeding grounds of Anopheles in British Central Africa ; Development
of "crescents" in ''small dark" Anopheles, Reports to the Malaria Com-
mittee of the Royal Society, fifth series, London, April 22, '01. Wileox,
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 183
E. V. Abstracts of recent papers, Experiment Station Record, xii, 9
(U. S. Dep't. of Agriculture), Washington, '01.
ARACHNIDA. Banks, N. Some spiders and other Arachnida
from Southern Arizona,* oO, No. 1223. Cambridge, F. O. P. On a
collection of spiders from the Bahama Islands made byj. L. Bonhote,
Esq. ; with characters of a new genus and species of Mygalomorpha;,* i
pi., 11, April. Krtepelin, K. Palpigradi and Solifuga?, nS figs.,
Das Thierreich, Lieferung 12, Berlin, Feb., '01. Piersig, R. Remarks
on the genus Arrhenurus Duges, 22. Simon, E. Descriptions of
new Arachnids of the family Attidse, 35. Wagner, W. A. The
aquatic spider Argyroneta aquatica, its industry and its life : material for
comparative psychology, figs., i pi. [In Russian, French summary],
Bulletin, Socie"te Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 1900, Nos. i and 2.
MYKIOPODA. Ludwig, F. Phosphorescent myriopods and the
luminous rotting of wood, Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie, Jena, April 12,
'01. Nemek, B. On the phylogeny of some Diplopod families, 22.
Rossi, G. On the subintestinal nervous system of Myriopods, figs., 9ii.
ORTHOPTEKA. Hartliiie, D. S. A plague of walking sticks
[Diaphomera femorata}, fig., Popular Science News, New York, April,
'01. Morse, A. P. New North American Orthoptera,* 4; Variation
in Tridactylus, figs., 5. Petrimkewitscli, A., and voii Guaita,
G. On sexual dimorphism in the sound-producing apparatus of Orthop-
tera, 4 pis. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, xiv, 4,
Jena, Mar. 18, '01. Relin, J. A. G. Remarks on some Mexican
Orthoptera, with descriptions of new species, * 2.
NEUROPTERA. Imhof, O. E. Antennas of Odonata, Biolo-
gisches Centralblatt, Erlangen, Apr. 15, '01. Williamson, E. B. The
subgenus Stylurus Needham : Selys' groups vi and vii of the genus Gom-
phus (Odonata), and on the postanal cells in the latter, 2 pis., 2.
HEMIPTERA. Caudell, A. N. The genus Sinea of Amyot and
Serville,* 2 pis., 6. Cockerell, T. D. A. Contributions from the
New Mexico Biological Station : xi, new and little known insects from
New Mexico* [Coccidae, Hymenoptera], 11, April ; The coccid genus
Saissetia* 146. Coutiere, H., and Martin, J. On a new sub-
family of marine Hemiptera, the Hermatobatinse, 12, April 29. Dis-
tant, W. L. Rhynchotal notes, ix, Heteroptera, fam. Coreidae,* 11,
May. Haiiseii, H. J. On the morphology and classification of the
auchennorrhynchous Homoptera, 9. King, G. B. Two new species
of Pulvinaria* 4; Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv., 5. Porta, A.
The secretion of foam in Aphrophora, critical note, Monitore Zoologico
Italiano, Florence, Mar., '01. Reed, E. C. Synopsis of the Hemiptera
of Chile (cont.), Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, Valparaiso, Feb.,
Mar., 'or. Schoutedeii, H. The genus Siphonophora C. Koch, 15,5.
CO LEOPTERA. Arrow, G. J. Remarks on secondary sexual
differences in Rutelid Coleoptera, with descriptions of some new forms,
figs., 11, May. Champion, G. C-, and Chapman, T. A. Observa-
184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
tions on some species of Orina, a genus of viviparous and ovo-viviparous
beetles, 2 pis., 36T, 1901, pt. i, April 30. Ehrmann, G. A. Notes
on the discovery of Pinodytes hamiltonii Horn, 146. Harris, E. B.
Cicindelidas of Mt. Desert, Maine, 6. Horn, W. Seven new Cicin-
delidae, 45. Jacoby, M. Descriptions of four new species of Disony-
cha (Coleoptera Phytophaga, fam. Halticidae),* 9. Lesne, P. Sexual
variation in the males of certain Coleoptera, family Bostrichidae, periodic
pcecilandry, 12, April i. Oliaus, F. Revision of Parastasiidae, 45.
Schenkliiig, S. New American Cleridae,* 45. Schwarz, O. New
exotic Elateridae,* 45. Weise, J, Correction of observations on the
food of our Coccinellidas, 45 ; Two new Cassidinse, 45.
DIPTERA. Chagnon, G. Preliminary studies on the Syrphidse
of the province of Quebec, Naturaliste Canadien, Chicoutimi, Quebec,
April, '01. Coquillett, D. W. New Diptera in the U. S. Nat. Mus.,*
5O, No. 1225 ; A systematic arrangement of the families of the Diptera,
5O, No. 1227. Hough, G. de N. South American Muscidas in the
collection of S. W. Williston, 2 pis., Bulletin, University of Kansas, i, 4,
Lawrence, July, 'oo. de Meijere, J. C. H. On the metamorphosis of
Callomyia amcena Meig., i pi., 46. Rothschild, N. C. Notes on
Pulex cam's Curtis and P.felis Bouche, i pi., 21.
LEPIDOPTERA. Bacot, A. W. Larva; of Lasiocampa quer-
cus and its varieties, etc., and of cross-pairings between these races, 21.
Chapman, T. A. The cry of Acherontia atropos, 21. Daecke, E.
Notes on the habits of Thecla damon, 6. Druce, H. Descriptions of
some new species of Lepidoptera from East Africa and tropical America,*
11, May. Dyar, H. G. Life histories of North American Geometridae,
xxii, 5; Descriptions of some Pyralid larvae from southern Florida,* 6 ;
An apparently new Tortricid from Florida,* 6, Note on the larvae of Arc-
tia intermedia, 6. Fernald, C. H. Marginal wing-bristles in Lepidop-
tera, 9. Fletcher, J., and Gibson, A. The life-history of the green-
house leaf-tyer (Phlyctcznia ferrugalis Hbn.), 4. Frings, C. Tem-
perature experiments in the year 1900, Societas entomologica, Zurich-
Hottingen, May i, '01. Hampsoii, G. F. On some teratological
specimens of Lepidoptera, Entomologists' Monthly Magazine, London,
May, '01. Moore, F. Lepidoptera Indica, pt. xlix, London, Lovell
Reeve & Co., '01 ; Reed. April 16. [Vol. v, pp. 1-24, Nymphalinae,
groups Melitaenina, Eurytelina. Pis. 379-384]. de Niceville, L. Can-
nibalism among caterpillars, 4. Poling, O. C. Some recent work in
the genus Cafoca/a* 4. Prout, L. B. Sesiidae or /Egeriidae, 21.
Schaus, W. New species of Heterocera from tropical America, i*, 6.
Scudder, S. H. A courageous butterfly, (Eneis semidea, i pi., 5.
Seit'ert, O. Life-history of Platysenta videns, 6. Smith, J. B.
Types and synonymy, 4. Siiellen, P. C. T. On Pyralidae [in Dutch],
3 pis., 46. [Thomann, H.] Symbiosis between Lyccena argiis and
Formica cinerea ; Insekten Borse, Leipsic, April n, 'ot. Tntt, J. W.
Migration and dispersal of insects : Lepidoptera, 21.
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 185
HY31ENOPTEKA. Bignell, G. C. Inquiline Cynipidaj, shape
of galls, 21.. Bradley, J. C. The Evaniidor of America north of
Mexico, 146. Cockerell, T. D. A. See Hemiptera. Dahl, F.
The life of the ants of the Bismarck Archipelago from personal observa-
tions, comparatively presented, Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Mus-
eum in Berlin, ii, i, '01. l>ickel, F. The present standpoint of my
development theory of the honey bee, 74, April 21. Forel, A. Mexi-
can ants collected by Prof. VV. M. Wheeler,* 35 ; Concerning the classi-
fication of ants, 35. Kieffer, J. J. Revision of the Eucoclinse (Hy-
menopt. Cynipidae), Feuille des jeunes Naturalistes, Paris, May i, '01.
Liiidwig, N. On the orientation sense and the memory of bees, 74,
April 7. Mayr, G. The producer of Sodom's apples, Wiener Entomo-
logische Zeitschrift, xx, iv, Apr. 25, 'or. Morice, F. D., and Cocker-
ell, T. D. A. The American bees of the genus Andrena described by
F. Smith (cont. ),* 4. Sladeii, F. W. L. A scent organ in the bee,
the scent produced forms a means of communication between the mem-
bers of a swarm or colony, figs., British Bee Journal, London, April n, 18,
'01. Smith, J. B. Notes on some digger bees, i, 6. Thomaim, H.
See Lepidoptera. Titus, E. S. G. On some bees of the genus Augo-
clilora* figs., 4.
Notes and News.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.
How FAR MAY A MOSQUITO TRAVEL? While the subject of mosqui-
toes is a popular one, perhaps a little note will not be amiss regarding
one feature of them in this arid region. The country is too dry for mos-
quito propagation, and, with an average of perhaps one light shower a
year, only the scantiest and hardiest of vegetation can exist. The Colo-
rado River is the nearest breeding place to our mining camp, and from
it the mosquitoes occasionally find their way here between April and
July, the time of greatest abundance. The nearest point on the river
from here is twelve miles to the southeast, where our pumping station is
located. Yuma, which is eight miles farther up the river, is twenty
miles away. Farther north, the river makes a large bend to the east
until it is forty miles away ; but, in the backward curve, it again comes
within twenty-two miles, this time on the northeast of us. Winds that
blow from the east and northeast are the ones that bring the mosquitoes
not an occasional one, but in numbers to worry the most stoical. A
high wind brings very few if any, but a steady gentle breeze of two or
three days' duration is the most prolific. The mosquitoes may scarcely
arrive here before a breeze sets in from the opposite direction and starts
them on the return trip, but are more likely to remain from a few days to
186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
half a score before the counter wind drives them away. In the spring
there is seldom a southeast wind (blowing from uur nearest point on the
river), but when there is it brings the mosquitoes in abundance and sooner
than from the northeast.
The most of the mosquitoes here, then, must have traveled over a hot,
dry, barren desert waste for at least 22 miles, and many of them probably
considerable farther to reach any place even as inviting as this. How
much farther into the desert they may journey can only be conjectured,
but I have found them at least 4 miles beyond here.
The genus Anopheles is probably not found along the Colorado. At
least its attendant malaria is unknown to this region. G. C. DAVIS,
Ogilby, Cal.
THE NEW MEXICO BIOLOGICAL STATION. The Biological Station was
founded as an independent institution at Mesilla in 1896. In 1899 it was
moved to Las Vegas, and held a successful summer session in the New
Mexico Normal University. A brief session was also held in 1900. The
students in attendance have been mostly public school teachers. The re-
sults of the research work have been published in the Annals and Maga-
zine of Natural History.
The Station will now be conducted as a part of the work of the biologi-
cal department of the Normal University. The session of 1901 will com-
mence on the first of June. A course in Nature Study will be offered to
public school teachers, and opportunities will be afforded for research
work along a number of different lines.
Las Vegas offers excellent opportunities for biological work. The
summer climate is very good, and at no time is the heat excessive, as it
is at lower altitudes in New Mexico and other parts of the Southwest. The
altitude is about 6400 ft., with mountains close by rising above n,ooo ft.
Four distinct life-zones the Upper Austral, the Transition, the Cana-
dian and Hudsonian can be studied within 35 miles of Las Vegas. It
results from this, that the local fauna and flora are extremely rich in spe-
cies ; in the Hudsonian Zone are forms of circumpolar distribution, and
others ranging to Alaska, though not to Asia or Europe ; in the Canadian
Zone we find types inentical with those of the mountains of the Northern
States and of Colorado ; in the Transition a varied assemblage typical in
part of the foothill region of the Rocky Mountain Range ; in the Upper
Austral many species characteristic of the arid southwest, some ranging
far southward and westward. With all this comes a certain percentage of
local or endemic types, just how numerous further research must deter-
mine. Such are the snail Ashnmnclla thomsoniana porterce and the mag-
nificient butterfly Argynnis nitocris nigroctzrulea, both found in Sapello
Canon.
The Gallinas River, flowing through Las Vegas, contains a crawfish
(Camburus gallinus), described as new last year, some interesting fishes
(Leuciscus and Rhinichthys), and a variety of acquatic insects, algae, etc.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 187
The Hot Springs, six miles away, contain some peculiar organisms, which
have not yet been sufficiently examined.
In the Arroyo Pecos, and elsewhere in the immediate vicinity of the
town, is an immense alluvial deposit of pleistocene age, containing in-
numerable remains of mollusca and occasional mammalian fragments.
Special facilities are offered to students of wild bees (Apoidea), the
available collections and literature being very extensive. Facilities are
also offered for the study of Coccidae and other groups of insects. Stu-
dents should, if possible, bring their own microscopes, slides, forceps and
other accessories. For further information apply to T. D. A. COCKER-
ELL, East Las Vegas, N. M.
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE N. M. BIOLOGICAL STATION.
The following contributions have been published in Annals and Maga-
zine of Natural History :
1. Descriptions of New Bees collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend in
the State of Vera Cruz. By T. D. A. Cockerell. Oct., 1896.
2. On a Collection of Diptera from the Lowlands of the Rio Nautla in
State of Vera Cruz. By C. H. T. Townsend. January, July,
September, 1897.
3. The Bees of the Genus Colletes found in New Mexico. By T. D. A.
Cockerell. January, 1897.
4. Diptera from the Sacramento and White Mountains in Southern New
Mexico. By C. H. T. Townsend, February, 1897.
5. Some New Hymenoptera from the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. By
T. D. A Cockerell. April, 1897.
6. The New Mexico Bees of the Genus Heriades, and a New Halictus.
By T. D. A. Cockerell. August, 1897.
7. Observations on Bees, with Descriptions of New Ganera and Species.
By T. D. A. Cockerell and VVilmatte Porter. December, 1899.
8. The New Mexico Bees of the Genus Bombus. By T. D. A. Cocker-
ell and Wilmatte Porter. November, 1899.
9. On Certain Genera of Bees. By T. D. A. Cockerell and W. P. Cock-
erell. January, 1901.
10. Observations on Bees Collected at Las Vegas, New Mexico and in
the Adjacent Mountains. By T. D. A. Cockerell. Jan., 1901.
ANSWERS TO DR. SKINNER'S NOTE IN THE MAY NEWS,
PAGE 158, IN REGARD TO SHIPPING INSECTS.
1. Pinning the insects in agave pith may corrode the ends of the pins
and may cause, especially when the box has been a long time on its way,
breaking of the pins and more or less destruction of the contents of the
box
2. The inside box ought to be light, so as to put as little pressure as
possible on the cotton that surrounds it ; the heavier the inside box, the
188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
stronger and more jerky the vibrations of the box and the easier loosing
of the needles. The amount of cotton put between the two boxes was
far too much ; this quantity of cotton could not work as an elastic buffer
between the outer and inner box.
The contents of the box should have been written on the outer box,
and also the address of the sender.
I think that the contents of the box must have been badly damaged,
especially if Lepicloptera or Diptera were in it. DR. GEO. W. BOCK.
I EXPECT the insects were damaged, because of too much cotton, jam-
med in tight so that the inner box could not move. Under these circum-
stances the insects would be liable to move, on the same principle as the
second of two billiard balls in contact, the first being hit ; or the inner
table of the skull, sometimes fractured by a blow, as by a spent bullet on
the outer table. T. D. A. COCKERELL.
Replying to conundrums published on p. 158, vol. 12 of ENT. NEWS, I
should think
ist. "The condition of enclosed insects" would resemble what "we
boys of the 6o's " called a " hishy hashy h 1 fired stew," composed of
salt pork, fresh beef, hard tack, white beans, green grapes, potatoes and
any other ingredients we could lay our hands on all stewed together.
and. If any insects escaped injury, it must have been through lack of
cotton. With a good heavy caulking chisel and a sledge I believe more
than six ounces could have been forced into the space between the boxes.
The outer box should be strongly nailed before beginning to caulk, and
care should be exercised not to jar the insects with the sledge while
caulking, as the antennae are very fragile and easily jarred off.
Perhaps molten lead poured in to fill the space between the boxes
would give the whole thing a rigidity that could not be obtained with cot-
ton, however well packed. I have never tried it, but imagine it might
give better results ; only I have not yet decided how to unpack it, without
jarring it too much ; possibly it could be melted off.
I imagine that box must have been sent you by the man who "shoots"
Catocala, under the impression that specimens who can survive shooting
are safe under any conditions.
Of the many hundreds of specimens I exchanged this winter expanded,
via. express, not one specimen was destroyed.
I use pasteboard boxes, packed in 5 ct. wooden basket, with excelsior,
loo to 150 specimens packed ready for shipment weighing 2 Ibs. F. A.
MERRICK.
THE insects were damaged, as six specimens were rolling around in
the box and playing ten pins with the others, and bowling off antennae,
legs, etc. If pith is used to line boxes, the boxes should be just deep
enough to prevent the point of the pin from ascending to the surface of
the pith. The express company in this particular case did not know but
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 189
what the box contained pig iron or bars of lead. If the outer box is
strong there is no necessity for having the inner box very heavy. We
often get boxes here that show that the senders think that the more cot-
ton or excelsior they use between the boxes the greater their safety, and
if they had a steam hammer handy they would doubtless use that to get
more in. Very few people in this country seem to understand how to
properly pack insects for transportation. Our experience here has been
a sad one when we have loaned specimens for study. Our collection of
Sesiidce was destroyed in this way. HENRY SKINNER.
Doings of Societies.
A regular stated meeting of the Feldman Collecting Social
was held May i5th, at the residence of Mr. H. \V. \Vcn/.el,
1523 South 1 3th Street. President Mr. Charles W. Johnson
in the chair.
Professor Smith again spoke about the mosquitoes which he
had previously mentioned and stated the following new facts :
All the specimens from the pitcher plants were sEdcs instead
of Culex as he first thought, and therefore all of the preceding
observations should be referred to sEdes. The two species
which he raised from his pitcher plants were /Ecdesfuscus and
A. sapphirinus. These are both new to New Jersey and have
only been found in the pitcher plants. He spoke of the larvae
of an sEdcs w r hich he examined, which had two anal flaps
showing a complete network of tracheae and which up to the
last stage were used in breathing. These larvae are able to
stay under water some time if the water is clear, but if it is
foul or muddy they must come to the top frequently, and if the
water becomes too foul the larvae die. He also spoke of
another lot of mosquito larvae he had received, which are only
found in spring holes. This one is different in all stages from
sEdcs, and he thought that they must have passed the winter
in the larva state. They are very lively, going to the bottom
at the least sign or shadow, this being a protection for them, as
they are yellow ; and when the)" go to the bottom it is difficult
to distinguish them from the mud which is there. They also
have to protect themselves from the larva of many other insects
which are found in these spring holes, while the larvae of
. I-'-des are protected by the pitcher plants in which very few
190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
insects are found. Out of about sixty specimens of SEdcs he
did not think he had a single male unless they resemble the
females very closely.
He spoke about the different resting positions of mosquitoes,
and stated that it was different in each genus, and also noted
that the spines on the larvae were different in each genus, and
they might be used as a means of classification. He said it
would be a good thing for entomologists to take note of the in-
sects found in pitcher plants, so that some knowledge could be
had of the inhabitants. He spoke of the lepidopterous larva
which spins a web, which is so perfectly water proof that it
prevents any water from getting in, and when the water dries
up that is already there the larvae proceed to eat into the plant.
Mr. Wenzel spoke again about the subaquatic Pselaphids
mentioned at the last meeting. He said that down at Angle-
sea, New 7 Jersey, the tide has been very high, and the place
where he had collected these before was covered with about a
foot of water, but the next morning at low tide he went there
and under a large log which he turned over found a large num-
ber of Pselaphids which did not seem to be effected by the sub-
mersion. Some of these were found in at least four inches of
water. Mr. Johnson said this might account for the distribu-
tion, as they could cling to logs under the water and be carried
to different parts of the coast.
Mr. Wenzel recorded Dromius atriccps taken at Anglesea, N.
J., May 5, 1901, as a new species for New Jersey. He spoke
about Cychrus elevatus which he had taken around Angelsea.
The eleven specimens which were taken were unicolorous, while
the inland species have a metallic lustre.
Dr. Skinner stated that at Westville, New Jersey, May 5th,
he found quite a number of specimens of Acmceodcra culta in
which all the maculations were white, while those in the collec-
tions he had examined were orange. Mr. Wenzel said he
thought they most likely turn yellow 7 within a short time after
death. Mr. Wenzel also mentioned finding this species in the
oak, and said that after reaching the adult stage the} 7 are
found on different plants and said this was the case in a num-
ber of other species.
1901] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
Mr. Daecke spoke about a spider he had received which was
running over the water, and while being chased it went under
the water a number of times. He also showed a box of odd
specimens which he had collected recently, and among which
were some very good things, especially the following : Ncuro-
cordulia uhlcri, a female of which he had taken at Millville,
New Jersey, April 29th, and on May 5th had seen about twenty-
five, eight of which he captured. The date of their appear-
ance seems to run from April 2gth to May 5th. Only two
specimens of this species were previously known. He recorded
Tctragoncuria spinosa taken at Clementon, N. J., May 3rd, as
new to New Jersey ; also Zabrotcs subnitens from Manumuskin,
N. J., May 5th, which is a very rary species.
WM. R. REINICK, Secretary.
The fifteenth annual meeting of the Harris Club was held at
35 Court Street, Boston, on the evening of Friday, March i5th.
Interesting exhibits of cocoons of different types were made by
Messrs. Morse, Low and Hall. Devices for protecting collec-
tions from the entrance of museum pests were discussed at
length. Mr. Low showed an aberrant specimen of Attacus
cccropia, in which the outer third of each wing is of a creamy
buff, without the usual dark markings.
The sixteenth regular meeting was held at the same place
on Saturday, April i3th. Messrs. Low, Higbee and Newcomb
displayed interesting series of variant Lepidoptera. Mr. Denton
showed a folding net of new design. A committee was appointed
to draw up a set of directions for mounting insects, in order to
secure uniformity in the club collections.
Above notes are taken from the records of A. P. Hall, tem-
porary secretary. W. L. W. FIELD, Secretary.
A meeting of the American Entomological Society was held
April 25th, Dr. P. P. Calvert, President, in the chair. Four-
teen persons present. Mr. Wenzel exhibited specimens of the
wood of R/uis typhina ( staghorn sumach), and Khus radicans
(poison ivy). These pieces of wood were infested with two
species of ScoJytus. The species found in the staghorn sumach
penetrates the bark and the pith, while the one in the poison
ig2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June,
ivy infests the bark only. The species have not been deter-
mined with certainty by the speaker. He also collected Dys-
merus basalis Casey was found in the poison ivy. This is the
first record for this vicinity. Dr. Calvert said the genus Argia
was, perhaps, the most difficult to study among the Odonata.
It occurs in North and South America, but the headquarters is
found in Tropical America. De Selys and Hagen in 1865 pub-
lished a paper on the genus. They used in classification the
modifications of the superior sector of the wing. The differ-
ence in these sectors was illustrated by the speaker, who said
he had a large amount of material for study and he found the
characters laid down by De Selys and Hagen had failed entirely.
The appendages were considered to be the only reliable charac-
ters to use for classificatory purposes. The colors were also
investigated and were thought to be of considerable value
where large series were available for study. Mr. Wenzel spoke
of the distribution of Pselaphidae and Scydmsenidse on Five-
mile Beach, New Jersey. The difference between the dune
fauna and the salt meadow was explained. The dunes make a
line of demarcation between the faunae. Some species were
found on logs submerged in water.
HENRY SKINNER, M. D., Secretary.
A regular stated meeting of the Newark Entomological So-
ciety was held Sunday, April i4th, 3 p. in., at Turn Hall,
fifteen persons being present, President Buchholtz in the chair.
The members present voted to hold the next meeting in May,
outdoors, and Paterson was the the place selected.
Fcralia jocosa was reported as more plentiful than ever, the
season being two weeks in advance of usual time.
GEORGE STORTZ, Secretary pro tern.
OBITUARY.
Mr. T. G. Priddey died suddenly on April 25th at his home in Toronto,
Canada. He was in his 56th year, and was a well-known collector of
insects, particularly Lepidoptera. He had planned another collecting
trip to South Florida this season.
We regret to ann.ounce'the death of Prof. Otto Lugger, State Entomo-
logist of Minnesota.
ENT. NEWS, Vol. XII.
PI. VII.
AMERICAN PSYCHODID/E (KINCAID).
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.
VOL. XII. ' SEPTEMBER, 1901. No. 7.
CONTENTS:
Kincaid Notes on American Psycho- Coquillett A New Anthomyid Injuri-
didse 193 ous to Lupines 206
Harvey Contributions to the Odonata Rehn A New Species of Dichopetala 207
of Maine, IV (continued) 196 , Cockerell A Peculiar New Type of
Newcomb A Trip to Montreal 198 Halictine Bees 208
Slosson A Successful Failure 200
Editorial 210
Fox Letters from Thomas Say to John Entomological Literature 211
F. Melsheimer, 1816-1825. V 203 Notes and News 218
Newcomb A New Chionobas from Doings ofSocieties 219
Maine... 206
Notes on American Psychodidae.
BY TREVOR KINCAID, University of Washington.
Psychoda alternata Say.
This species is evidently quite widely distributed, as speci-
mens have been received from Pullman, in the eastern part of
Washington, where they were collected by Prof. C. V. Piper,
and no doubt occur elsewhere on the Pacific coast, although
none have yet been taken by the writer in Western Washing-
ton.
Psychoda superba Banks.
Psychoda superba Banks. Canadian Entomologist, xxvi, p. 332
(1894).
Originally described by Mr. Banks, from Long Island,
N. Y. Specimens of this species have been obtained from
Battle Creek, Mich., where they were collected by Prof. J. M.
Aldrich.
Psychoda cinerea Banks.
Psychoda cinerea Banks. Canadian Entomologist, xxvi, p. 331
(1894).
Psychoda pacifica Kincaid. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, viii, p. 143
(1897)-
7
194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
An opportunity was recently afforded the writer to examine
specimens of Psychoda cinerca, which were described by Mr.
Banks, from Long Island, N. Y. In 1897 the writer described
a psychodid from Washington as Psychoda padfica. At the
time it was recognized that the latter was closely allied to
cinerea, and careful comparison leads to the conclusion that the
differential characters are not sufficiently stable to warrant its
retention as a distinct species. It is evident that we have in
this case an example of a very widespread and variable species,
with a range extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and
from California to Alaska. A careful comparison of P. cinerea
with the common European forms, P. phalaenoides L/inne and
P. albipennis Zetterstedt, would be of interest, as although
probably not identical with either of these the relationship is
evidently quite close.
Pericoma ocellaris Meigen.
Some time since Dr. Hough sent the writer specimens of a
psychodid collected by him in Maine. Since it differed from
the described American forms, it was at first supposed to be
new to science, but it was subsequently found to agree in all
except a few superficial details with the European Pericoma
ocellaris Meigeu. This latter species has several striking pecu-
liarities, the most remarkable being certain secondary sexual
characters. In the male the basal joint of the antenna is
greatly elongated, forming nearly one-third the entire length
of this organ, the second joint is large and globular, while the
third joint bears near its apex an oval scar, from which arises
a dense sinuous tuft of hair. In the female the basal joint is
of more normal length and the tuft of hair is absent from the
third joint.
The principal difference between the American and European
forms is in the arrangement of the hair patches upon the
wings and other superficial details. Hence it has been decided
to distinguish the American form as follows :
Pericoma ocellaris var americana n. var.
9- Length 2 mm. Body brown, clothed with brown hair, except
upon the dorsal arc of the thorax, which bears a dense vestiture of long
white hair. Wings ovate, more than twice as long as broad, apex bluntly
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
rounded and terminating close beneath the end of the first simple vein;
anterior bifurcation a little nearer the base of the wing than the posterior
one. Vestiture of wings brown, variegated with white as follows : A
large patch near the base on the anterior margin, a sinuous hand cross-
ing the wing from the end of the third longitudinal vein to the end of
the seventh, a small patch at the tips of the second, third and fourth
longitudinal veins. Fringe brown, variegated with white as follows : A
large patch near the base on the anterior margin, a small patch at tips of
first to third longitudinal veins, a patch on the posterior margin extend-
ing from the tip of the fourth vein to the tip of the seventh, and a small
patch at the end of the ninth vein. Legs clothed with brown hair and
scales, with several annulations of white upon the tarsi. Antennae a little
longer than the width of the wing, i6-jointed ; basal joint cylindrical, four
times as long as thick; second joint large, globular; third joint much
smaller than second, ovate ; fourth to sixteenth joints slender, fusiform,
gradually diminishing in size ; the joints clothed with scattered hairs.
Ventral plate shallow! y emarginate at apex, terminating on each side in a
well-marked lobe ; ovipositor straight, acutely pointed.
cf. Antennce differing from those of the female in that the basal joint
is relatively much longer, forming about one-fourth the length of the
entire organ ; and the third joint, which is oval, bears near its apex an
oval scar, from which arises a dense tuft of hair, the tuft being strongly
bent in the midle, so as to assume a sinuous appearance. Genitalia con-
spicuous. Inferior appendages two-jointed ; basal joint stout, twice as
long as broad ; distal joint nearly twice as long as basal, slightly curved,
tapering to apex, which bears a tuft of upwardly projecting clavate setae.
Superior appendages not quite so long as inferior, two-jointed ; basal
joint stout, cylindrical ; distal joint nearly straight, slender, about equal
in length to basal, tapering to a rather acute point.
Hab. Maine. (Dr. G. DeN. Hough).
Pericoma califortrica n. sp.
9- Length 2 mm. Body brown, clothed with long gray hair. Wings
ovate, twice as long as broad, apex bluntly rounded and terminating close
to the tip of the second simple vein ; vestiture mottled with dark brown
and white hair ; patches of erect dark brown hair upon the bifurcation
and at the apices of the veins ; patch of white hair entad to the posterior
bifurcation and another ectad to the anterior bifurcation ; fringe gray;
posterior bifurcation closest to base of wing, the juncture between the
mam vein and the lower branch of the fork obsolete ; length of wing
2.5 mm. Antennas not one-half as long as the breadth of the wing; 17-
jointed ; basal joint cylindrical, slightly longer than broad ; second joint
relatively large, globular; third to seventeenth joint nearly uniform in
size, cylindrical, slightly narrowed at each end. Ventral plate squarish
at base, finely ciliate, broadly and deeply emarginate at apex, the termi-
nal lobes elongate, with bluntly rounded tips ; ovipositor long and
narrow, nearly straight.
196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
t$. Genitalia conspicuous, clothed with gray hair. Inferior append-
ages elongate, two-jointed ; basal joint stout, twice as long as broad ;
second joint swollen at base, tapering to apex, which is rounded and
bears on its dorsal surface a group of six or more stout flattened seta?.
Superior appendages as long as inferior, two-jointed ; basal joint stout,
cylindrical ; second joint slender, slightly enlarged basally, curving
gently upwards.
Hab. Congress Springs, California.
The above species is described from specimens reared from
aquatic larvae by Prof. Vernon L,. Kellogg of Stanford Uni-
versity. The immature stages were described by Prof Kellogg
in the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for February, 1901.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Figs. 1-5. Pericoma ocellaris var. aniericana
Fig. i. Ventral plate of female.
" 2. Basal joints of male antenna.
' 3. Basal joints of female antenna.
" 4. Male genitalia.
" 5. Ovipositor of female.
Figs. 6-9. Pericoma californica.
Fig. 6. Wing of female, denuded of hair.
" 7. Male genitalia.
" 8. Ventral plate of female.
" 9. Basal joints of male antenna.
Contributions to the Odonata of Maine. IV.
By (the late) F. L/. HARVEY, Orono, Me.
(Continued from page 178.)
67. Enallagma geminatum Kellicott.
Taken in Bradley at Chemo Mills, July 26, 1899, on rocks
in swift water. 8 specimens taken, 7 males and i female.
One pair /;/ coitu. Our specimens are larger than recorded by
Kellicott, the abdomen being about 23 mm. long instead of
20 mm. The superior appendages seems to be longer, more
slender, and the superior incision deeper, than shown in Kelli-
cott' s drawing. The specimens all have lateral black stripes
on 8 and 9. The male /;/ coitu has a blue spot and two small
blue dots in the distal third of the dorsum of 7. All the other
males have 7 entirely black. One specimen showed the blue
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 197
stripe on the thorax divided. Three specimens showed no
dorsal interruption of the basal ring of 2, and the black of the
dorsum was a distal spot with a tail. In another specimen the
interruption was a hair-line of black. The black mark on the
dorsum of 8 of the female which separates the blue spot on
either side is shaped like a wine glass. The blue spots on 8
are crossed by black veins. So far as we know this species has
not been taken before in New England. It flies close to the
water and is hard to catch. We dipped the net over the rock
on which the specimens rested.
56. Enallagma Calverti Morse .$ .
The $ of this species was described by Prof. Morse in
Psyche, March, 1895, p. 208. As no mention is made of the 9
we presume that it has not been described. * Below we give a
description drawn up from an examination of many specimens.
There are two color forms of the female of this species : (#)
in which the color is bright blue on the abdomen, like that in
the male ; (b) in which the markings are of the same pat-
tern and location as in the other, but so pale that they do not
show well, and the abdomen appears, when casually examined,
as bronzy throughout. The bronzy form may be teneral,
although both forms were in copula at the same date and at
the same pond with undoubted E. calvcrti males.
Total length 29-34 mm. Hind wing 18-21 mm. The head and thorax
marked like those of the male, only paler. Abdomen bronzy-black and
blue. The first segment all blue, excepting an anterior transverse dor-
sal stripe, back of which on the median line is a small dot, near the pos-
terior suture on the dorsum a small T-shaped spot, the short stem
reaching the suture. Second segment a dorsal dark band running the
whole length, narrowing in the middle, and posteriorly widening to an
orbicular spot which joins the suture of the third segment. Viewed from
above, segments 3 to 8 show twin blue spots anteriorly, which slope down
the sides and involve the lower half. Those on the third reach beyond
the middle, while those on 4-7 involve only one-sixth. On segment 8 the
blue reaches more than half the length and the separating dark color
much wider. The blue on the sides of 8 separated into two spots by a
narrow projection of the dark color. Dorsum of 9 dark. Dorsum of 10
with narrow portion of blue of the sides showing each side.
* [A brief description of the female was published by Mr. E. B.
Williamson in the NKVVS for May, 1900, page 455.]
198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
68. Enallagma exsulans Hagen.
Abundant early in July along the Still water River at Orono
(Harvey). This was taken, in 1891, at Manchester, by Miss
Wadsw 7 orth, and is evidently common in the Penobscot valley,
although we have previously overlooked it.
Subfamily 3, GOMPHIN^.
26. Hagenius brevistylus Selys.
This species is quite common in Chemo Stream, Bradley, in
July. We have taken about 40 specimens during the past two
seasons, and they were nearly all males. They were flying up
stream mostly, and nearly all were taken from a dead limb
about four feet above and projecting over the water. They
are not very wary, and one can readily wade up to them. Of
those taken, one male showed a peculiar malformation of the
left fore wing in which the cross vein of the triangle is hori-
zontal and the cell in front of it curved ; seven single cells on
the distal side represent the double row in normal specimens ;
the double row of border cells below the triangle and the row
of single cells at the anal angle are reversed. We took a
single 9 ovipositing in shallow, running water, Russell
Stream, Northeast Carry, Aug. 29, 1899, and Aug. 28th a
single old with tattered wings on a rock in the West Branch
of the Penobscot, Northeast Carry. These are late dates for
this species.
(To be continued.)
i >
A Trip to Montreal.
BY H. H. NEWCOMB.
It was my good fortune to spend a couple of days in Mon-
treal during the early part of last October. Previous to my
coming I had writen to several of the Lepidopterists of that
beautiful city, and the cordiality of their replies filled me with
eager anticipation ; nor was I disappointed, for a more cour-
teous and entertaing lot of collectors would be hard to find.
Soon after my arrival I was met by Mr. Albert F. Winn, the
President of the Montreal Branch of the Entomological So-
ciety of Ontario, and by him advised how best to spend my
time in order to see as many of the collections of L,epidoptera
as possible during my short stay.
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 199
Bright and early the next morning I started for the Natural
History Rooms on University Street. The collection there was
not what it should be, I am sorry to say, being in poor condi-
tion and small in numbers ; but, alas, how often we find the
same state of affairs here in the States, where the Directors of
Museums neglect Entomology for less important collections.
As Mr. Alfred Griffin, the curator, is a very agreeable gentle-
man to meet, I felt repaid for my visit in spite of my disap-
pointment at not seeing more " material."
McGill University is beautifully situated under the shadow
of Mt. Royal. In the Redpath Museum, one of the handsome
college buildings, are no less than four collections.
The D' Urban collection is in fair condition, considering its
age, and consists entirely of North American material, and is
contained in 9 drawers.
The Pearson collection fills 28 drawers. The insects are
well spread, but are a mixed lot of Lepidoptera, though the
greater part are North American.
The Bowies' collection is well arranged, and is kept in 39
cases with glass tops. As in the preceeding, North American
Lepidoptera predominate. The Catocalse are well represented,
and among the varieties I noticed Lcpiscsia fiavofasciata and
Hcpialus thulc. The latter moth is strictly local and " flies be-
tween 8.10 and 8.25 on the evenings of July nth, i2th and
1 3th," so I was informed by one of the enthusiasts.
Fourth and last is the Denton collection, which consists of
500 exotics, beautifully mounted in the Denton tablets. This
makes a very handsome appearance, and is a great addition to
the Museum.
By kindness of Mr. Winn, I next saw the collection of Mr.
H. H. L/ynian, who was in Europe at the time of my visit.
This was indeed a magnificent collection of North American
material. It was particularly rich in the genera . //;' ynui* and
( 'Iiionobas, and showed great care in mounting, labeling, etc.
It occupies about 60 drawers.
The Montreal Branch held their monthly meeting one week
earlier than the regular date, so that I might be present, a
compliment which I very much appreciated. Before the meet-
ing, which was held at Mr. Whin's residence, I had a hasty
200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
view of his collection, which is an excellent one and in fine
condition. The classification, mounting, labeling, etc., are
first class, and it is, indeed, a pleasure to see such a well-
cared for collection. It contained many rarities which space
forbids me to enumerate. I must mention, however, a fine
line of H. t/ni/c, of which I was fortunate enough to have one
presented to me along with other ' ' plunder ' ' of hardly less
importance. Mr. Winn's collection occupies about 50 drawers
and represents North American fauna.
The meeting proved very interesting, there being nine
members present, one of them my good friend, Dr. Fyles of
Quebec, who made a special trip from that city in order to
attend. Several papers were read and a good exhibit of speci-
mens made. A collation followed, which added to the sociality
of the affair.
The only other collection which I had time to see was that
of Mr. Dwight Brainerd and his brother. Though not so
large as some of the others, this collection is well worth see-
ing, as it is unique in many respects. It contains no ex-
changes ; every specimen was taken by the owners. It is
strictly local, with the exception of some material from Edgar-
town, Mass., where the Messrs. Brainerd have spent some of
their vacations. The classification is the reverse of what we
usually see ; the lowest forms coming first in order and the
last drawers of the cabinet containing the diurnals. With the
specimens are a great many blown larvae, bleached wings,
ovae and even frass, so that a high scientific value is attained,
and the life histories of many insects seen at a glance.
It was with great regret that my two days were over all
too soon but I shall always cherish pleasant memories of my
visit to Montreal, and remember with pleasure the kindness of
the members of the Montreal branch.
A Successful Failure.
BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON.
I went again last winter to Miami, on Biscayne Bay, Florida,
staying there from Christmas-eve till the first of April. I
have never known as unfavorable a season for collecting in
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2OI
that part of the country. There was no severe cold, no
freezing weather such as sometimes visits that semi-tropical
clime, described in hotel circulars and land companies' adver-
tisements as "beyond the frost line." But we had day after
day of chilly, cloudy weather, generally with high winds.
Our evenings were shivery, and our nights so cold that one
found an extra blanket comfortable. Now, Florida insects are
very susceptible to changes in temperature ; much more than
are our hardy northern ones. In Franconia I have often taken
Lepidoptera when the mercury was below 50. In South
Florida it is an exceptionally bold insect that ventures out
when the temperature is lower than 65. So I found all orders
of insects very scarce. Even the proverbially unseeing pleas-
ure tourist noticed and commented upon the absence of butter-
flies. And as for the few entomologists who came that way
well, I know that one at least, a man well known to all
readers of the NEWS, a good collector and charming compan-
ion, used some very strong language in speaking of the
scarcity of insect life at Miami this season. I think he said
or berhaps only implied that he could capture more insects
in Philadelphia during the winter than in the tropical country
along Biscay ne Bay. Well, I could hardly blame him. Day
after day, week after week went by, and the dearth of insect
life continued, while my spirits sank lower and lower and hope
grew faint ; and at the end of March, as I prepared to turn
northward, I still considered the season a failure entomologi-
cally, I mean. But now, that lovely white Miami, with her
waving palms and blue waters, is far away, distance lends her
usual enchantment, and I recall only the pleasant experiences,
the interesting, if few T , discoveries, which now seem to make
my winter very near to a success, after all.
The most common shrub along the roadsides at Miami, near
the shore and also far inland, is one of the Ulmaceae, Tretna
micrantha. This grows from ten to twenty feet high, looks
not unlike the Celtis or Hackberry, and has nettle-like leaves
similar to those of Boehmeria, insignificant, greenish flowers
and very small, round, yellow fruit. In Chapman's Botany
the only locality given for this shrub is "shell mounds in
2O2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
Lastero Bay, South Florida." But, as I have said, it grows
ever}' where along Biscayne Bay. And, for some reason un-
known to me, it is the favorite food plant and haunt of insects
in all orders. Several years ago I found two fine Halisodota
caterpillars feeding upon this shrub. They proved to be
larvae of H. cinctipcs. I have never found any of these since
that time until this last winter. The very first walk I took
after my arrival it was on Christmas- day I found several of
these handsome caterpillars in different stages, and they were
to be seen occasionally from that time until February, and
perhaps later. They fed well in confinement, spun the usual
egg-shaped cocoons and emerged, between three and four weeks
after pupation, perfect moths, closely resembling our northern
H. tesselata. I have never seen these larvae on any plant but
the Trcina. There were always, too, upon this shrub two tiny
Jassids, Typhlocybas I think, brightly and daintily marked ;
and one day, as I swept my net over one of the bushes, a
delicate green Capsid flew and lighted upon my sleeve. It was
the most shadowy, fragile ghost of a Capsid, transparent and
almost invisible as it rested on the pale green underside of the
leaves, where I afterwards saw it. I took several of them.
Prof. Uhler has given it the MS. name Diaphania parvula.
One day, while hunting for this small creature, I came upon a
colony of aphids. Among them and feeding upon them was
what I felt sure was a L/ycaenid larva. It was of usual slug-
like form, with small head. My excitement was intense. I
took the leaf with the aphids and their devourer, placed
them in a glass tumbler in my room and at once wrote to
Dr. Skinner. Was Feniscca tarqninins found in South Florida,
or did he know of any other insectivorous butterfly larva in
this country? So I questioned him. Of course, our enthusi-
astic Aurelian was interested. He responded at once, urging
me to spare no pains in bringing the larva to maturity and
expressing hopes that I might find more specimens. Before
the letter reached me I had discovered another colony of plant
lice with a similar larva in its midst, and both my specimens
had formed chrysalids or what seemed to me such odd little
cases, light brown in color, which I did not examine very
IQOl] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 203
closely. Long before I looked for transformation, the cases
opened and there emerged two flies ! My curious Lycaenid
larvae were only maggots of the dipterous genus />airha, long
known as aphidivorous. Do you wonder that I set this blun-
der down as one of my successes ? Well, it was a discovery,
of its kind. I learned a lesson, too, from the experience ; and
is not a lesson, if thoroughly learned, a sort of success?
But I found the genuine thing a little later a real Lycaenid
caterpillar, though it was not feeding upon Aphidae. It was a
green, slug-like larva, looking silvery or frosted, because of
the white, short bristles, which grew close together all over it.
It was feeding on the leaves of the Trema, and continued to
feed and thrive in captivity until it came to the imago state
and became a fine male specimen of Thcda martialis Herr
Sch. This is a West Indian species, which I was so fortunate
as to add to our own lists a few years ago. As far as I know,
its life history has never been recorded.
(To be continued.)
Letters from Thomas Say to John F. Melsheimer,
1816-1825. V.
Philadelphia Novr 6^1817.
Dear Sir
I sincerely thank you for the insects you sent me, I re-
ceived them in the best possible order, & many of them were
new to me, yon are rich in the very interesting aquatic genera
-For all these I will endeavour to make you some return by &
by. In the mean time I would send you the first number of
the American Entomology 1 if I could find any conveyance for it;
sending it through the Post-office will be unnecessarly expen-
sive, perhaps you can advise a better mode It contains six
coll 1 ? plaates, besides an engraved title page & vignette, with
about two sheets of letter press ; the arrangement of the mat-
ter is upon the plan of Donovan' s Brittish /itscf/s I will have
1 The generally ascribed dates of publication of the American Entomo-
logy is 1824-' 28. The work appeared in numbers, and, as is seen, the first
appeared in 1817. In the preceding letter, dated April 27, 1817, Say
speaks of the first number as not having been issued ; inferential!}- it
appeared between that date and that of the present letter. W. J. F.
204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
the pleasure to send you the numbers as they appear The de-
scriptions you will find are very brief, perhaps too much so,
although accompanied by figures I shall alter the plan some-
what for the future numbers Great obscurity has crept into
Natural History in consequence of a mistaken notion, that the
character of an animal can be given in three or four words ;
you, no doubt, have had occasion to regret the brevity of de-
scription that has been indulged in by L,inne, Fabricius &c, &
will agree with me, that in man}' instances they are more
generic than specific, so that several distinct species can with
equal propriety be referred to a single trivial name ; but natural-
ists are now beginning to profit by their own experience of
the absurdity of this mode of procedure & I hope it will not
belong, before in our text books we shall have such characters
indicated, as shall be decisive
Isoccros brunneus has been called by Latreille Parandra
brunea & also Parandra la-vis, has not De Geer in some part of
his works named it Attelabns lacvus ? this syonym I have
seen somewhere. It appears to have five joints to the tarsi,
the addition [al] one is penultimate, & it is also worthy of
remark that in Cncujus there is an appearance of a fifth joint
at the base of the tarsus ; in habit the two genera are widely
distinct will it not serve to connect the preceding family with
this, in the same degree nearly, that Ulciota {Brontes) con-
nects this f amity, with the Ccrambicini.
It is with the greatest pleasure I learn your intention to
communicate to me some observations on some of the genera
of Insects, this I assure you \vill afford me the utmost satis-
faction & I look for them with solicitude ; 1 have made con-
siderable advances in a distinct work which may be entitled
Descriptions of the Insects of North America? this is to be with-
out plates, it is a work I have fixed particular attention upon,
but it will occupy a considerable time & will be the product
of much, & unremitted, labor.
Any observations you may make to me, with which I was
not previously conversant, shall be most scrupulously recorded
& placed in that work to your credit, & all those insects you
have sent me, which I had not before seen, will of course be
2 (See footnote i, page 176 of this volume.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 205
noted there as yours & your specific names as recorded in tlu-
" Catalogue oj Insects of Pennsvlrania " shall be preserved in
every instance that your numbers ( which I have always re-
tained attached to the Insects you sent me) in my Cabinet,
will enable me so to do, with the exception only of such names,
as have been applied to other insects of the same genus
I thank you much for the handsome manner, in which
you have been pleased to express your approbation, of my
attempt at descriptions of our Fresh Water & Land Shells, I
was urged to do it by finding them entirely overlooked in the
publications of late authors ; Several shells have been since
added to the list, which I will communicate to you in the
"Journal of the Academy of Natural Science" a small work
we are issuing here, from the Society that I informed you of,
when I had the pleasure to be at your house. This little work
I will be careful in future to send to you as early as it appears,
though I do not know how 7 long it may continue to be issued ;
you w r ill see in the ' ' Journal ' that I have been describing
the Crustacea of our waters ; but my dear sir, I assure you
that Shells and Crustacea are but secondary things with me,
INSECTS are the great objects, of my attention, I hope to be
able to renounce everything else & attend to them only-
I sent for some of the books you informed me of, to Paris,
& have recieved intelligence from my correspondent there of
their having been shipped, so that they may be expected every
day.
I have made out a monograph of the Cicindela of N. America
which will soon be published with figures, it shall be sent to
you as soon as it appears, There are twelve species described.
I w r ould give you here a further account of it but my paper
warns me to stop-
Most respectfully I remain your friend
& Obd 1 . Serv 1 .
Thomas Say.
I yesterday sent you a copy, through the Post-office, of the
fifth number of the Journal of the Academy of Natural
Sciences Tomorrow I will send the Sixth number I hope
they may be duly received
T Sax
206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
A New Chionobas from Maine.
BY H. H. NEWCOMB.
Chionobas katahdin n. sp.
Male. Size and general character of semidea, but with the
outer third of wings much lighter in color. Primaries with
one to four small spots parallel to the outer margin. Edge of
costa and fringes concolorous. Undersides of inferiors have a
wide band, much as in taygete. The female has the same gen-
eral character as the male, but on the inferiors below there is a
row of five spots. Described from a number of specimens taken
by the writer on Mount Katahdin. A detailed description and
account of the species will appear inthe October NEWS.
A New Anthomyid Injurious to Lupines.
By D. W. COQUILLETT.
Phorbia lupini n. sp
. Black, the halteres yellow, frontal vitta reddish brown, middle and
hind tibiae largely yellowish brown ; eyes contiguous, about eight pairs
of frontal bristles, antennae very broad, noticably shorter than the face,
the third joint only slightly longer than the second, pubescence of the
arista very short, proboscis short and rather robust ; thorax thinly brown-
ish pruinose, the posterior portion gray, pruinose and marked with a dark
median vitta, the sides and pleura densely light gray pruinose ; scutellum
brownish pruinose, margined with light grey ; abdomen narrow, nearly
linear, its five segments of nearly an equal length, dark gray pruinose and
marked with an indefinite, blackish median vitta, the venter not furnished
with processes, its hairs rather long and of nearly an equal length, hypo-
pygitim rather large, its first segment densely grey pruinose, the second
polished, bearing many rather long hairs ; front tibiae each bearing a bris-
tle near the middle of the posterior side, a blunt pointed one at the apex
on the posterior side besides a few normal bristles elsewhere at the apex ;
middle femora ciliate, with long bristles on the basal half of the posterior
under side, and with very short ones on the apical half ; middle tibiae each
bearing a bristle near two-thirds the length of the anterior outer side, one
slightly higher on the posterior outer side, one near the middle and another
near three fourths the length of the inner side ; hind femora ciliate almost
the entire length of their under side, with long bristles of nearly an equal
length ; hind tibiae ciliate, with about seventeen almost straight, rather
long bristles on nearly the entire length of the posterior inner side, with
from four to six on the anterior inner side, from five to seven on the ante-
rior outer side, and the same number on the posterior outer side, besides
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 207
those at the apex ; tarsi not furnished with bristly hairs on the upper side
of the first joint ; wings hyaline, costal spine shorter than the small cross-
vein, third and fourth veins converging toward their apices, penultimate
section of the fourth about three-fourths as long as the last section.
9- A pair of praeocellar bristles, thorax densely yellowish gray prui-
nose and marked with three indistinct black vittae, abdomen oval, the first
segment shorter than the remaining four, front tibiae each bearing an ad-
ditional bristle, situated below the middle of the anterior side, no blunt
pointed bristle at the apex (middle legs wanting), hind tibiae bare on the
posterior inner side, bearing two bristles on the median third of the ante-
rior inner side, four on the posterior outer side and five on the anterior
outer side, otherwise as in the male, except the sexual characters.
Length 5 mm.
Two males and one female, bred February 20, 1901, by Mr.
Carroll Fowler, from stems of Lupin its a/bus, received from
L.OS Angeles, Cal. Type No. 5746, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Near plat lira Meigen (= = fusciccps Zett., -- cilicntra Rond.),
but readily distinguished by the long bristles on the under side
of the hind femora.
A New Species of Dichopetala.
By JAMES A. G. REHN.
The specimen here described as a new species was recently
referred by the writer to D. u\\'ica>ia Brunner, but a more
recent examination has convinced him that its affinities are
closer to D. emarginata Brunner, but still well removed from
that.
Dichopetala pulchra n. sp.
1900. Dichopetala me.vicana Rehn (not of Brunner), Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., xxvii, p. 88.
Type: female; Rio Cocula, Guerrero, Mexico, May 12,
1898. Collected by Otis W. Barrett.
Allied to D. anarghiata Brunner, with which species it
agrees in the form of the subgenital plate, but differing mainly
in the color pattern which approaches D. >nc.\icana.
Size medium. Head subglobose ; the vertex produced into a spine-like
process, which is separated from the front by a narrow diastema ; front,
clypeus and labrium glabrous ; eyes small, globose. Pronotum centrally
constricted ; the anterior margin slightly arcuate, the posterior truncate ;
208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [September,
central sulcus deeply impressed on the upper portion of the lateral lobes
which are much longer than deep, the lower margin sinuate, the anterior
and posterior angles broadly rounded. Tegmina very abbreviate, just ap-
pearing from under the pronotum. Abdomen very heavy and corpulent.
Limbs very slender ; posterior femora and tibiae very long, the spines on
the external margin of the latter numbering 29. Ovipositor rather stout,
the superior and inferior margins serrato-dentate, the former for about
one-third and the latter about one-fourth of the total length. Subgenital
plate with a moderately deep triangular incision. General color above
brownish purple, extending from the tip of the vertex to the last segment
of the abdomen ; the sides of head, pronotum and abdomen and lower
surface pale yellowish green. Front, clypeus and labrum whitish. Pro-
notum with the general tint of the disk bordered by a broken black line,
which is continued more or less distinctly upon the abdominal segments,
this being outlined externally by a line of pea green. Limbs greenish
tinged with reddish on the anterior and median femora, the distal extremi-
ties of the femora and both the distal and proximal extremities of the tibise
black, the posterior femora being basally variegated with black on the
outer face. Ovipositor green, the superior margin and tip somewhat
infuscate.
Measurements.
Total length 20. mm.
Length of pronotum . . . . . .4.5 mm.
Length of ovipositor 11.5 mm.
Length of ant. femora . . . . . .11. mm.
Length of post, femora ..... 24.5 mm.
Length of post, tibiae . . . . . -29. mm.
A Peculiar New Type of Halictine Bees.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.
Halictiis conanihi, sp. n. ?. Length about 4 mm.; black, with a
decided green lustre on head, thorax and abdomen, or it might better be
described as very dark green, the surface throughout having a sort of
satiny sheen ; head elongate-oval, shaped much as in the Proctrotrypia
genus Dissomphalus ( $ ), with the short antenna placed very low do:oi,
at least twice as far from the ocelli as from the mouth; clypeus promi-
nent, piceous, shining ; a fringe of shining, yellowish hairs beneath its
margin ; mandibles whitish, with ferruginous ends ; maxillary palpi long
and slender ; flagellum pale ferruginous beneath, somewhat darker above ;
tegulae hyaline, not punctured ; wings very short, clear, beautifully irides-
cent, nervures and stigma sepia-brown ; first recurrent nervure received
by second submarginal cell not much beyond its middle; femora black,
knees, tibia and tarsi light ferruginous ; abdomen long and narrow, but
I90l[ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2Og
flattened, with a conspicuous apical bunch of fuscous hairs. With a
compound microscope, the abdomen is seen to be minutely transversely
striate ; the head and thorax are tessellate ; the front is distinctly, but
very sparsely punctured ; the cheeks, legs, etc., are covered with plumose
white hairs.
Hab. Mesilla, New Mexico, July 17 ( Ckll.} One at flowers
of Conaiit/nis /n'spidiis ; it may be that the narrow head serves
to facilitate the getting of nectar from the flower, but it is ex-
tremely peculiar. The insect may be referred to a new sub-
genus Conanthalictus, characterized by the peculiarities itali-
cised in the above description, and also by the large semilunar
enclosure of the metathorax, coarsely granular and dull, with
a distinct rim.
Sph(eridium scarabtvoides Linn, in Northern and Central New York.
I was interested in Mr. Pearsall's note in the May NEWS regarding the
occurrence of this species in the Catskills. In the NEWS for September,
'98, I recorded its occurrence in St. Lawrence County in the vicinity of
Potsdam, the first specimens having been taken in the summer of '96.
The species is evidently well established there, as I have taken numbers
of the beetles each succeeding season.
On May 4th last, while passing through a cow pasture just outside of
Ithaca, I made a short search for Sphteridium, and in the course of a few-
minutes located several enough to satisfy me that the species is well
established in this locality.
Like Aphodius fiinetarius Linn., with which I find it associated to a
considerable extent, this species may have been introduced from Europe
into the eastern part of the United States or Canada, from which point it
is now spreading.
It would be interesting to know how far west and south the species is
found. It is a strong flier, so its range could be rapidly extended were
the conditions favorable. C. O. HOUGHTON, Ithaca, N. Y.
EGGS OF Arachnis zuni. On the 2jth of May a large female moth (A.
zuni) was taken at Las Vegas, N. M., and confined in a pasteboard box.
Four days after about two dozen eggs were discovered firmly glued to
the side of the box.
The eggs are nearly globular, slightly pointed at the micropyle. They
are about l / 2 mm. in diameter, and of a light bluish gray. The surface
appears smooth and shiny when examined with an ordinary lens, but is
found to be irregularly roughened when examined with a compound
microscope. WILMATTE PORTER COCKERELL.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.
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