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ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

OF   THE 

ACADEMY   OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES 


OF 


PHILADELPHIA. 


VOLUME  XXIV,   1913. 

PHILIP  P.  CALVERT,  Ph.D.,  Editor. 
E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR.,  Associate  Editor. 


HENRY  SKINNER,  M.  D.,  Sc.  D.,  Editor  Emeritus. 


ADVISORY  COMMITTEE  : 


EZRA   T.    CRESSON  J.    A.    G.    REHN. 

ERICH    DAECKK 
PHILIP   LAURBNT  H.   W.   WENZEL. 


PHILADELPHIA  : 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  ROOMS  OF 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 

LOGAN  SQUARE. 


The  several  numbers  of  the  NEWS  for  1913  were  mailed  at  the  Philadel- 
phia Post  Office  as  follows  : 

January  .       December  31,  1912 

February January  31,  1913 

March February  28,  1913 

April March  31,  1913 

May April  30,  1913 

June May  29,  1913 

July June  30,  1913 

October September  30,  1913 

November October  31,  1913 

The  date  of  mailing  the  December,  1913,  number  will  be  announced 
in  the  issue  for  January,  1914. 


PRESS    OF 

P.    C.    8TOCKHAU8EN 
PHILADELPHIA 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  XXIV. 


(*  Indicates  new  genera,  species  or  varieties.) 


GENERAL  SUBJECTS. 

Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of   Philadelphia    (see  Ento- 
mological  Section). 
Aesthetic  Appreciation  in  En- 
tomology      464 

American    Entomological    So- 
ciety    189,  430 

Animals  and  insects    366 

Annual    Entomological    Meet- 
ings      466 

Applied    Entomology,    Course 

in    465 

Arcadia,      An      entomologist 

wanted  for    180 

Arrow  poison  from  insects..     83 
Audubon  Entomological   Club  374 

Bates'  theory  applied    113 

Birds  and  insects   83,  370,  371 

British    Imperial    Bureau    of 

Entomology    179 

Bromeliadicolous   insects   133,  467 
Climatic   variations     and     the 
daily  activities  of  some  in- 
sect groups   342 

Collecting     notes     from     the 

Great  Basin    214 

Color  nomenclature   277 

Diary,  Fragments   from   ento- 
mological       156 

Disease,  Insects  and 172 

Economic  Entomologists,  Am- 
erican Association  of    ..77,  469 
Economic  Entomologists,   Pa- 
cific Slope  Association  of..  228 
Editorials,    28,    77,    131,    178,    227, 

277,  325.  369,  4T3,  466. 
Eggs  deposited  in  a  rainpool  372 


Eggs  from  the  stomach  of  a 
wren  370 

Entomological  meeting  in  Cal- 
ifornia, 1915  181 

Entomological  Section  of  the 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  142,  286, 

477- 
Entomological       Society       of 

America 77,  468 

Errata    480 

Feldman  Collecting  Social,  42,  139, 

238,  336,  427. 

Forest  Entomology  in  Amer- 
ica, Society  for  the  advance- 

m'ent  of 229 

Galls  53,  187 

Great  Basin,   Collecting  notes 

from    214 

Honors  to  entomologists   ....  267 

Insectivorous  birds   370,  371 

Insects  in  Spring,  Appearance 

of    156 

International    Commission    of 
Zoological    Nomenclature,     328, 
478. 

International  Exposition  of 
Ornithology,  Entomology  & 

Botany    231 

King  George's  interest  in  en- 
tomology    416 

Laboratory  material  for  work 
on  the  relation  of  insects 

to  disease 172 

Largest  living  insects 416 

Literature,  30,  78,  86,  134,  183,  232, 

279,  327,  375-  417,  470. 
London,  New  president  of  En- 

tomolog.   Soc.   of    257 


IV 


INDEX. 


Mexico     Gulf     Coast     Citrus 

Fruit  Association   412 

Mimicry,  Notes  on 113 

Molting  of  the  walking  stick  14 

Newark  Entomolog.  Society..  190 

Nomenclatural  Questions 181 

Nomenclature,    Vote    on    pri- 
ority in  129 

North  American  insects,  Frag- 
ments on    53,   195,  323 

Pacific  Coast  Entomolog.  So- 
ciety    38 

Pacific    Slope    Association    of 

Economic  Entomologists  . . .  228 
Paper    cartons     to     protect 

against    insects    467 

Photographs  of  entomologists  130 

Poison,   Insect  arrow    83 

Pomona    College    Journal    of 

Entomology 159 

Shooting  insects   480 

Temperature,  Effect  of 14 

Tenacity  of  life  in  an  elaterid  343 
United    States    Civil    Service 

examination    133 

Utilitarian  value  of  entomol- 
ogy       369 

OBITUARY  NOTICES. 

Avebury,  Lord  (see  Lubbock) 

Blanchard,  F 46 

Buckhout,  W.  A 48 

Cameron,  P 96 

Druce,   H 432 

Grote,  A.  R 182 

Hammar,  A.  G 480 

Hooker,  C.  W 192 

Jayne,    H 383 

Kirby,  W.  F 93 

Lubbock,  J 289 

Magretti,   P 432 

Merrick,  F.  A 144 

Murtfeldt,  M.  E 241 

Peale,  T.  R.   . . .  i 


Puton,  A 432 

Ricksecker,  L.  E 144,  239 

Stidham,  I.  F 321 

Uhler,   P.  R 433 

Wachtl,  F 432 

Wallace,   A.   R 480 

Wright,  W.  G 91 

PERSONALS. 

Aldrich,  J.  M: 370 

Baker,  C.  F 27 

Bethune-Baker,  G.  T 257 

Bigelow,   E.   F 450 

Brunner  von  Wattenwyl,  K..  412 

Comstock,  J.  H 267 

Fabre,  J.  H 29 

Frost,  C.  A 370 

Gorgas,  W.  C 267 

McClung,   C.   E.    267 

Parker,  G.   H 267 

Williams,  F.  X 370 

PLANTS  ATTACKED  OR 
VISITED. 

Alder  (black)  167 

Alligator  pear  (see  Avocado) 

Amaranthus    246 

Argentina    207 

Astragalus     151 

Avocado  416 

Avocado    416 

Bigelovia    in 

Blackberry  170 

Blephilia    109 

Bromeliads    467 

Bursa    211 

Butterfly  pea    247 

Camphor  (see  Cinnamon). 

Cinnamon 146 

Claytonia   211 

Clematis  246 

Clot-bur    (see  Xanthium). 

Clover  246 

Cornus   109,   170 

Cotton 246 

Crataegus    109 


INDEX. 


Dog-wood  (see  Cornus). 

Elm    352 

Eucalyptus     385 

Eugenia    108 

Geranium     109 

Golden-rod   (see  Solidago). 

Gossypium     160 

Hemlock 309 

Hepatica     108 

Hydrophyllum    109 

Ipomoea   (see  Sweet  potato). 
Kalmia  (see  Laurel). 

Lupine    246 

Oak  107,  196,  247,  262 

Parnassia  no 

Parsnip  215 

Peach    247 

Persimmon    167 

Pickerel     weed     (see     Ponte- 

deria). 
Pig  weed    (see  Amaranthus") . 

Pinus   167,  336 

Plum   247 

Pontederia  no 

Ptelea    197 

Ribes   109 

Rose 247 

Rubus    109 

Rumex    342 

Salix 107,  171 

Solidago  106,  246,  341 

Sugar  Cane  85,  467 

Sweet  potato  (wild)  246 

Taenidia     109 

Taraxacum    211 

Thaspium  109,  222 

Tripsacum    222 

Turnip    246 

Viburnum    109 

Willow  (see  Salix). 

REVIEWS. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough  :  Con- 
tribution to  the  Nat.  Hist, 
of  the  Lep.  of  No.  Am —  286 


Berlese :  Trombidiidae  90 

Brunetti:  Fauna  of  British 

India   .    .   .    Diptera    Nema- 

tocera  283 

Comstock :  Spider  Book  ....  35 
Cosen:  Contribution  to  the 

Morphology  and  Biology  of 

Insect  Galls  187 

Fauna  Hawaiiensis  424 

Folsom :  Entomology  423 

Jacobi :  Mimicry  und  ver- 

wandte  Erscheinungen  334 

Junk :  Bibliographia  Lepi- 

dopterologica  382 

Kellogg:  Distribution  and 

Species-forming     of     Ecto- 

Parasites 382 

O'Kane:  Injurious  Insects  ...  37 
Scorer :  Entomologists'  Log 

Book 285,  335 

Winn :  Preliminary  List  of 

the  insects  of  Quebec 37 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBU- 
TION. 

Alaska :    Col 428 

Arizona:     Dipt.,  276;    Hem.,  265; 

Lep.,  154.  358. 
California:  Col.,  40,  76,  385;  Dipt., 

220;  Hem.,  20;  Lep.,  39,  82,  149, 

274,  338,  357- 
Colorado:    Dipt.,  295;  Hym.,  205; 

Lep.,  30,  154,  250,  357;  Neu.,  6; 

Odon.,  372. 

Connecticut :  Dipt.,  295 ;  Lep.,  256 
District  of  Columbia :  Hem.  341 
Florida:  Dipt.,  175;  Hem.,  264; 

Hym.,  336;  Lep.,  252,  261,  366; 

Odon.,  314,  373;  Thysan.,  145. 

Georgia:    Odon 314 

Idaho:    Dipt 214 

Illinois:     Dipt.,    321;    Hym.,    196; 

Lep.,  84. 
Iowa:     Col.,  82,  352;    Hem.,   132; 

Hym.,  62,  197. 


VI 


INDEX. 


Kansas  :    Lep 415 

Maine:      Col.,     128;     Dipt.,    295; 

Hym.,    104;    Odon.,  315. 
Maryland:     Dipt.,    51;    Lep.,    195 
Massachusetts:      Col.,   128;   Dipt., 

228,  295 ;  Lep.,  256,  305,  326,  359 

Michigan :     Lep 153 

Minnesota :     Col.,    81  ;     Dipt.    320 

Missouri :  Lep 337,  354,  460 

Montana :    Lep 154,  358 

Nebraska :    Lep 344 

Nevada:     Dipt.,  217;     Hem.,    23; 

Lep.,  130,  154,  250. 
New      Hampshire :      Dipt.,     295 ; 

Lep.,  479;  Odon.,  479. 
New  Jersey:    Col.,  42,  140;  Dipt., 

65,   242,   247;    Hem.,   44;    Hym., 

432 ;  Lep.,  252,  287,  288,  326,  336 ; 

Odon.,  314,  373. 
New    Mexico :     Dipt,    272 ;    Lep., 

153,  194,  252. 
New  York :  Acar.,  455 ;  Lep.,  222, 

252,  326. 
North    Carolina:      Col.,    167,   245; 

Hem.,  264. 

Ohio :     Lep 254 

Oklahoma :    Lep 279 

Oregon :    Acar.,  455 ;  Lep 250 

Pennsylvania:     Col.,   44,    141,  238, 

288,  336,  429;  Dipt.,  43,  45,  140, 

295,  431,  479;   Hym.,    43,     140; 

Lep.,  43,  140,  143,  254,  326,  428, 

429. 
Texas:      Col.,    61,    156,    238,     342, 

343,  428 ;  Dipt.,  55,  56,  342 ;  Hem., 

56,  157,  267;   Hym.,  57,  58,  156; 

Lep.,  55,  254;  Orth.,  158,  323. 
Utah:    Col.,  215;  Dipt.,  215;  Hem., 

20;  Lep.,  152,  249,  251,  357,  358, 

450;   Neu.,  84. 

Vermont :     Dipt 295 

Virginia:     Col.,    53,   62,    142,    195; 

Hem.,    340;     Hym.,    340,    341; 


Lep.,  53,  55,  58,  59,  61,  195,  324, 

339,  340. 
Washington:      Dipt.,     217;     Lep., 

356;  Orth.,  431. 
Wisconsin :    Lep 253 


Africa  :   Lep.,  302 ;  Orth.,  416. 
Australia:     Col.,   268;    Hym.,   166, 

211,  326,  457;  Lep.,  85,  339. 

Bahamas  :  Orth 452 

Canada :    Lep 149,  256,  357 

Central      America:       Hym.,      85; 

Lep.,  467;  Orth.,  141. 

Cuba :    Lep 72 

Formosa :     Neu 297 

Galapagos  Islands :    Myr.   ...   121 

India :   Myr 73 

Japan :    Neu 297 

Mexico :    Col 389 

New  Guinea :    Col 269 

Porto  Rico  :    Dipt 50 

Scotland :     Odon 286 

South  America :     Dipt.,  176,    404, 

439;    Hym.,    160;   Lep.,  31,   112, 

316. 

ARACHNIDA. 

aus trails,  Margaropus  annula- 
tus    366 

Cattle-tick      (Australian)      in 

Key  West,  Florida  366 

Dog-tick  in  Key  West   366 

Eggs  laid  by  spiders  213 

Macrocheles  (see  muscae). 
Margaropus     annulatus     (see 

aus  trails)     366 

muscae*,   Macrocheles    454 

Rhipicephalus    (see   sanguine- 

us). 

sanguincus,  Rluplccphalus   . . .  368 
Spiders,  Standards  of  number 

of  eggs  laid  by 213 

tepidariorum,    Thcridium    . . .  213 
Thcridium    (see   tepidariorum). 


INDEX. 


vn 


MYRIOPODA. 

amballae*,  Otostigmus 74 

americanus,    Pectiniunguis    ..   122 

bilabiatus,  Orphnaeus   122 

Chilopoda  from  the  Galapagos 

Islands    121 

Cryptops  (see  navigans). 
galapagoensis,  Scolopendra   . .   122 
Mecistocephalus    (see    puncti- 
f  Tons'). 

navigans*,  Cryptops  123 

Orphnaeus  (see  bilabiatus). 
Otostigmus     (see    amballae,    sim- 
plex). 

Pectiniunguis    (see   american- 
us}. 

punctifrons,   Mecistocephalus.   122 
Scolopendra   (see  galapagoen- 
sis) . 
simplex*,   Otostigmus   75 

COLEOPTERA. 

abdominalis,  Olla    385 

aenescens*,  Macrogomis 268 

Alaus  sp 343 

Aleocharinae,     Notice     of     a 

monograph   of    165 

Alligator  pear  weevil  416 

armicollis,   Magdalis    353 

atripennis*,  Macrogomis 268 

bidcntata,   Tomoxio    126 

bwulnerus,  Chilocorus 159 

bridwelli*,   Coccinclla    76 

Buprestidae       at        Southern 

Pines,  No.  Carolina  167 

Calandra  (see  granaria). 

calidum,  Calosoma   159 

Calosoma   (see  calidum,  scru- 
tator). 
Canthon  (see  laevis). 

Carolina*,  Melanophila 171 

Chilocorus   (see  bwulnerus). 

Cicindela  sps 124 

Coccinella         (see      bridwelli, 
sanguined)'. 


Coccinellids  feeding  upon  foli- 
age    342 

C.  reared  from  bullet  galls..   196 
Coleopterous    pupae,    To    col- 
lect    226 

colonus,  Xylotrechus  353 

Death- feigning  habit  of  Trox  343 

lo-lineata,  Leptinotarsa 158 

Diabrotica     (see    12-punctata, 
•vittata). 

i2-punctata,  Diabrotica  156 

Elcodes  (see  tricostata). 
Elytral    tracheation    in    Cicin- 
dela       124 

erythrocephalus,  Neoclytus  . . .  353 

Feeding  upon  foliage   342 

Feigning  habit  of  Trox 343 

granaria,  Calandra   159 

Heilipus  (see  lauri). 
Hemipty  chits  (see  castancus). 
Hypothemus    (see   dissimilis). 

Lachnosterna    343 

lacvicollis,  Otidocephalus   ....   196 

laevis,  Canthon    53 

lauri,  Heilipus   416 

Leptinotarsa    (see   lo-lineata). 

lineella,   Tomoxia    126 

Lucanus  placidus,  Duration  of 

pupal  stadium  of    195 

Macrogomis    (see    atripennis, 

aenescens,    submetallictts) . 
tnaculata,  Mvgilla  .  ...61,  156,  342 
Magdalis  (see  armicollis). 
Megilla   (see  maculata). 
Melanophila   (see  Carolina). 

Meloidae  of  No.  Carolina 245 

misclla,   Pentilia    196 

Neoclytus  (see  erythrocephal- 
us). 
Olla    abdominalis,    Variations 

of 385 

Otidocephalus     (see    laevicol- 

lis). 
Pent  ilia  (see  misella). 


Vlll 


INDEX. 


placidus,  Lucanus  195 

Pupal     stadium     of     Lucanus 

placidus    195 

Reared  from  bullet  galls 196 

Reared  from  elm  stick   352 

sanguinea,   Coccinella    342 

scrutator,  Calosoma   159 

Staphylinid,  Threatening  atti- 
tude of  a  62 

submetallicus,  Macrogonus   . .  269 
Tomoxia   (see  bidentata,  line- 

ella). 

Tracheation  of  Cicindela,  Var- 
iation in  the  elytral  124 

Trox   343 

Variation  in  hibernating 
adults  of  Megilla  maculata  61 

vittata,  Diabrotica    158 

Xylotrechus  (see  colonus). 
Zimmermann  collection    371 

DIPTERA. 

abfitchii,    Aedes    244 

Aedes  (see  abfitchii,  canaden- 
sis,  cantator,  dupreei,  jamai- 
censis,  sollicitans,  subcan- 
tans,  sylvestris,  taeniorhyn- 
chus,  triseriatus} . 

aenea,  Chaetopsis 318 

albipes*,  Limnophila    248 

angustifrons,  Rhipidia  domes- 

tica 406 

Anopheles   (see  crucians,  ma- 

culipennis,  punctipennis). 
Anthomyia  (see  atavella). 
Anthomyid    fly    from    Floris- 
sant      295 

arcuata*,  Peripheroptera 411 

Atarba  (see  varicornis). 

atavella*,  Anthomyia  295 

aterrima,  Trineura   342 

Blera  (see  confusa}. 

brasiliensis,  Toxorhina   448 

canadensis,   Aedes    244 

cantator,  Aedes  243 


Celatoria  diabroticae,  Note  on    55 
Chaetophlcps    (see    crassiner- 

vis. ) 
Chaetopsis     and      Stenomyia, 

Synopsis   of    ' 317 

Chaetopsis    (see  aenea,  fulvi- 

frons). 

chilensis*  Dixa  177 

Chironomidae,  Humming  of..  232 

ciliata,  Psorophora 243 

cinerea,    Parodina    275 

cinereinota*,  Geranomyia  ....  407 

claripennis*,  Parodina 276 

clavatus*,  Sympycnus   271 

collaris,  Paratropeza  447 

confusa*,  Blera   294 

costalis,  Parodina  276 

Crane  flies  and  sweets  456 

crassinervis*,  Chaetophleps  ..     51 
Criorhina  (see  intersistcns) . 

crucians,   Anopheles    243 

'Culex     (see  pipiens,  restuans, 

salinariiis,  territans). 
Culicidae  of  New  Jersey,  Keys 

to    65 

Cystodiplosis    (see   eugeniae). 
Descriptions  of  new  species  of 

Chaetopsis  and  Stenomyia..  317 

diabroticae,   Celatoria    55 

Dicranomyia       (see     subdola, 

tricincta). 
Diotrepha   (see  omissinervis) . 

Dixa  from  Chile  176 

domestica,  Musca,  parasite  of  452 

dupreei,  Aedes 244 

eudorae*,  Peripheroptera  ....  410 

eugeniae*,  Cystodiplosis  175 

Euoestropsis* 133 

Eutrixoides*,    (see   jonesii}..     50 

fasciapcnnis*,  Stenomyia   320 

flavithorax,  Teucholabis 439 

Fossil  anthomyid  from  Floris- 
sant      295 

fulgens*,  Teucholabis 440 


INDEX. 


IX 


fulvifrons,    Chaetopsis    319 

Geranomyia    (see   cinereinota, 

numenius,  scolopax,  valida). 

hilaris*,  Teucholabis   443 

House  fly  passing  the  winter  303 
Humming  of  Chironomidae  . .  232 
incommoda,  Peripheroptera..  410 

intersistens,  Criorhina  293 

jactans*,  Paratropeza   447 

jamaicensis,  Aedes  243 

jocosd*,    Teucholabis    440 

jonesii*,  Eutrixoides   50 

jucunda*,  Teucholabis 441 

laeta*,  Teucholabis 442 

Larvae  in  pig  excrement 479 

Limnophila  (see  albipes). 
Macrobrachins  in  America...  228 

maculipcnnis,  Anopheles 243 

Mosquitoes,   Notes   on    242 

Mounting   microdiptera    8 

munda*,    Teucholabis    444 

Musca  (see  domestica). 
Muscoidea,  New  generic  names  133 

nasoni*,  Stenomyia  320 

numenius*,  Geranomyia   406 

omissinervis*,  Diotrepha   ....  447 

paradoxa*,   Teucholabis   445 

Paratropeza,  Synopsis  of 446 

Parodina,  Synopsis  of    275 

pennipes,  Trichopoda 56 

Peripheroptera    (see    arcuata, 

eudorae,     incommoda,    teu- 

cholaboides). 
Phototropism  of  mosquitoes.  .     12 

pipiens,   Culex    242 

polita,    Trypeta    340 

pretans,  Aedes  244 

producta,  Macrobrachius  ....  228 

Protogoniops*    133 

Psorophora  (see  ciliata). 

punctipennis,  Anopheles   243 

restuans,  Culex   245 

Rhipidia    domestica    (see   an- 

gustifrons.) 


salinarius,  Culex  245 

sayi,  Aedes   243 

scolopax*,  Geranomyia   408 

smithii,    Wyeomyia    245 

sollicitans,  Aedes  244,  479 

Stenomyia  (see  fasciapennis, 
nasoni). 

subcantans,  Aedes   244 

subdola*,  Dicranomyia   404 

sylvestris,  Aedes   244 

Sympycnus,  Synopsis  of  269 

taeniorhynchus,  Aedes 244 

territans,  Culex  245 

Teucholabis  (see  flavithorax, 
fulgens,  hilaris,  jocosa,  ju- 
cunda, laeta,  munda,  para- 
doxa,  tristis). 

teucholaboides*,  Peripherop- 
tera    410 

Tipulidae    in    the    Hungarian 

Nat.   Museum    404,   439 

Tipulidae  of  New  Jersey  ....  247 
Tipulidae  of  So.  America  404,  439 
Toxorhina  (see  brasiliensis) . 
Trichopoda   (see  pennipes)... 

tricincta*,  Dicranomyia 405 

Trineura  aterrima  in  Texas..  342 

triseriatus,  Aedes   244 

tristis*,    Teucholabis    439 

Trypeta   (see  polita). 

valida*,   Geranomyia    406 

•varicornis*,  Atarba    448 

Wyeomyia   (see  smithii}. 

HEMIPTERA. 

Acanthia  (see  xanthochila). 
Anasa  (see  tristis). 

Aphid  eggs,  Hidden  340 

Arilus    cristatus,    Parasite    on 

eggs  of  59 

biceps,    Henicocephalus    265 

Blissus   (see  leucopterus). 

bruesi*,   Harmostes    266 

Castolus  (see  jerox~). 


INDEX. 


Cimex  (see  columbarius) . 

Color  of  H 29 

columbarius,  Cimex   341 

Doldina      (see      interjungens, 

praetermissa). 

Empoasca  flavescens,  Para- 
site on  eggs  of 62 

fcrox,  Castolus   265 

Fowl-bug  (see  columbarius}. 
Gerris    (see    gillettei,    robust- 
us). 

gillettei,   Gerris    20 

Harlequin    cabbage    bug    (see 

histrionica) . 

Harmostes  (see  bruesi). 
Henicocephalus  (see  bleeps'). 

histrionica,   Murgantia    132 

indica,  Notonecta   20 

interjungens*,  Doldina   263 

leucopterus,  Blissus    158 

Limnotrechus  (see  productus). 
Murgantia   (see  histrionica). 
Notonecta  (see  indica). 
occiduus*,  Zelus   (Pindus) ...     22 
Pindus  (see  occiduus). 

praetermissa*,  Doldina   264 

productus,    Limnotrechus    ...     21 

robnstus,  Gerris 21 

iristis,  Anasa    56,   57,    159 

xanthochila,  Acanthia   20 

Zelus   (see  occiduus). 

HYMENOPTERA. 

Anagrus  spiritus,  Host  of  ...     62 
Ancistrocerus    (see   unifascia- 

tus). 

Andrena  (see  canadensis,  dun- 
ningi,  geranii,  hippotes,  hir- 
ticincta,  illinoensis,  mariae, 
nubecula,  parnassiae,  soli- 
daginis,  vicina,  wecdi). 

Ants  crossing  water 372 

Ants  used  in  punishments....  226 
aspidioti,  Signiphora   167 


australiensis,  Signiphora    ....   167 
caementarium,  Sceliphron 

(Pelopoeus)    392 

Bephratelloides*    459 

Bephratoides 459 

canadensis,  Andrena    110 

carinatifrons,  Hadronotus   ...     57 

cattellae*,  Halictus   209 

Chalcidoidea  eaten  by  birds..  371 
Chalcis  (see  ovata). 

consobrinus,  Polynema   197 

cydippe*,    Eulophinusia    457 

Cynipid    galls    eaten    by    chil- 
dren       60 

donatus,   Epeolus    104 

donatus,  Triepeolus   105 

dunningi,  Andrena   82 

Epeolus   (see  donatus). 

Eulophinusia*  457 

Eiipelmus    (see   reduvii). 
Eustypiura   (see  rodrigueci). 

Galls    eaten    by    children 60 

geranii,    Andrena    109 

graptae,   Pteromalus    340 

grotii*,  Opheliminus   458 

Hadronotus          carinatifrons, 

Notes  on   57 

Halictoides      (see     novae-an- 

gliae). 

Plalictus,  New  species  of  ....  205 
Halictus    (see   cattellae,   lazu- 
lis,     pavoninus,     perpuncta- 
tus,     succinipennis,      tenuis, 
umbripennis) . 

hclianthi,   Triepeolus   105 

hippotes,   Andrena    108 

hirticincta,   Andrena    no 

Holcaspid     galls,     Coleoptera 

reared  from 196 

illinoensis,  Andrena   108 

Lathromeroidcs*    211 

lazulis*,  Halictus    207 

longicorpus*,    Lathromeroides  212 
lutea*,  Signiphora 163 


INDEX. 


XI 


mariae,  Andrena   108 

Melissodes   sps    in 

Mud  wasps,   Observations  on  392 

Neosigniphora*    164 

nigra*,  Neosigniphora 164 

novae-angliae,  Halict aides    . .  105 

nubecula,  Andrena   no 

occidentalis^  Signiphora 162 

Oligotropic  habit  among  bees  104 

Opheliminus*     458 

ovata,   Chalcis    58 

Panurginus  sps    in 

Parasites  from  Hemiptera  . . .  160 

Parasites  from  Lepidoptera. .  340 

parnassiac,   Andrena    no 

pavoninus*,  Halictus   206 

Pelopoeus  (see  caemcntari- 
um), 

Perdita  sps   in 

pcrpunctatus,    Andrena    21 1 

peruviana*,    Prospaltella    161 

Polycystoides*    459 

Polynema     (see     consobrinus, 

psecas). 
Prospaltella    (see  peruviana). 

psecas,  Polynema   196 

Pseudiglyphus    458 

Pteromahts  (see  graptae). 

reduvii,   Eupelmus    59 

reticulata*,  Signiphora    166 

rodriguezi,  Eustypiura    85 

Sceliphron      (see    cacmentari- 

um). 

Signiphora  (see  aspidioti, 
australicnsis,  lutea,  occiden- 
tals, reticulata). 

solidaginis,  Andrena    106 

Specific   character   in    Tricho- 

granima    326 

spiritus,  Anagrus    62 

succinipennis*,  Halictus  205 

tennysoni*,  Polycystoides   . . .  459 

tennis*,  Halictus   208 

Tricho gramma,  Specific  char- 
acter in 326 


Trichogrammatidae        from 

Australia    211 

Triepeolus  (see  donatus,  heli- 

anthi). 
Trypoxylon   albitarse    (larva)  401 

umbripennis*,  Halictus   208 

unifasciatus,  Ancistrocerus. . .  398 

vicina,  Andrena  108 

weedi,  Andrena  108 

LEPIDOPTERA. 

Abnormal  wing  formation  in 

Samia    337 

Acronycta      (see     hamamelis, 

laetifica). 

Adams   collection    133 

Adontea  spinuloides  (see  leu- 

costigma). 
A  gratis  (see  biclavis,  marshal- 

lana,  scandens). 
Alabama,  (see  argillacea). 

albipuncta,  Platisenta 254 

albiserrata,  Hadena   356 

albofasciata,  Limenitis   Ursula  326 

Aletia  argillacea  swarm  84 

americana,    Malacosoma,    54,    158, 

340. 

Amputation  of  antennae 338 

amymone,  Cystineura  ....279,  415 

auiyntula  Evercs 97,  149,  327 

amyntula  Lycaena  230 

Andropolia     (see    diversiline- 

ata,  illepida,  submissa). 
Anisota  senatoria,  Note  on...     55 
anita*,  Malacosoma  disstria..  307 

anna,  Apantesis  193 

Anosia   (see  plexippus). 

Antennal  amputation  338 

Antigeny  in  butterflies   23 

Apamea  erepta   (see  ryensis). 
Apantesis     (see    anna,    perse- 
phone). 

archippus,   Basilarchia    58 

archippus,   Limenitis    1 16 

argillacea,   Aletia    84 


Xll 


INDEX. 


Argynnis   (see  laurenti,  tnon- 

tinus) . 

arida*,  Pdtia  venerabilis 30 

Arsilonchc  (see  Colorado'), 
astriata,  Malacosoma   disstria  306 
Asymmetry     in     Telea     poly- 

phemus   195 

atoma,  Semiophora    359 

Autographa     brassicae,     Note 

.     on  55 

Automeris   (see  coronis). 
Basilarchia     archippus,     Note 

on  58 

Basilarchia  parasitized    340 

berenice,  Danaida  113 

bidavis,  Agrotis    363 

Bionomic  features  of  Limeni- 

tis 116 

brassicae,  Autographa  55 

Breeding  Lycaenidae  103 

caeca*,   Pseudanarta    250 

caeca*,  Heodcs  hypophlaeas. .  306 

calif 'arnica,  Samia    337 

Caradrina  (see  insipida,  man- 

talini,  spilomda). 

Castnia   467 

Caterpillars   and   the   weather    29 

Catocalae,   Work  with    197 

cecropia,  Samia  337 

Chamaelimnas     (see     propin- 

quus). 

Charts  of  food  plants  304 

Cicinnus   (see  maera). 

claudia,  Euptoieta  55 

Colias    philodice,    Ovipositing 

of   61 

Colorado,  Arsilonche   253 

comyntas,  Everes 97,  327 

congrua,  Setagrotis   360 

coronis*,  Automeris  4 

corrupta*,  Othorene 5 

crocea,  Pseudanarta  250 

cubensis*,    Ephyriadcs    72 

cunea,  Hyphantria 61 


Cystineura   (see  amymone). 
Danaida  (see  archippus,  bere- 
nice, plexippus,  strigosa). 
Danaine     species     and     their 

mimics    113 

demutabilis,   Peridroma    363 

dernarius,  Setagrotis  362 

devastatrix,  Hadena    364 

Dirphia  (see  picturata). 
diversilineata,  Andropolia   .  . .  358 

Druce  collection    374 

Dryocampa    rubicunda,     Note 

on  59 

dupla,  Pseudanarta    249 

eastmani*,    Nyctobia    anguil- 

ineata    309 

Egg    stage     of     Priono.rystus 

robiniae    195 

eglc,  Euchaetias 53 

data,  Setagrotis    362 

Epargyrcus  (see  tityrus). 
Ephyriadcs  (see  cubensis). 

erica,  Hadena  357 

Erycinid   from   So.   America,   112, 

316. 

Euchaetias  egle,  Notes  on. ...  53 
Euptoieta  claudia,  Note  on..  55 
Everes  comyntas  and  amyn- 

tula,  Notes  on 97,   149 

Everes  (see  monica,  tejua). 

exitiosa,   Sanninoidea    53 

Peltia  venerabilis  (see  arida). 

filiis,  Setagrotis  361 

finitima,  Hadena   256 

floridensis,   Limenitis    116 

Food  plant  charts    304 

fuscicaudata*,    Titya    6 

gertana*,  Mamestra  273 

gibbosa,   Nadata    196 

Hadena    (see   albiscrrata,   de- 
vastatrix,     erica,      finitima, 
loda,  luteocinerea). 
Halisidota    tessellata,    Occur- 
rence of  60 


INDEX. 


xin 


hamamelis,  A  crony  eta  340 

Heliothis  obsoleta  in  Austra- 
lia    339 

Hemileuca  burnsi,  New  form 

of    130 

Heodes      hypophlaeas       (see 
caeca}. 

Heodina  wanted   374 

Hermathena      (see      quinque- 
maculata). 

Heterocera  from  Brazil 3 

hortensia*,  Ormiscodes 3 

Hyphantria  cunea,  Note  on..     61 
Icthyura  inclusa   (see  palla). 

illepida,  Andropolia   358 

insipida,  Caradrina 256 

invenusta,  Setagrotis  361 

laetifica,  Acronycta 252 

Larvae  of  Catocalae   197 

laurenti*,    Argynnis    450 

Leucania   unipunctata    on    su- 
gar cane  in  Australia 85 

leucosigma,     Adontea     spinu- 

loides     324 

Limenitis     (see     albofasciata, 
floridensis,  obsoleta). 

loda,  Hadena   356 

luciana,  Catocala    (larva)    . . .   197 

luteocinerea,  Hadena 358 

Lycaena  (see  amyntula,  mon- 

ica,  neurona,  tejua). 
Lycaenid   from   Kamerun    . . .  301 

Lycaenidae,   Breeding    103 

maera*,   Cicinnus    5 

Malacosoma  americana,  Notes 

on  54 

Malacosoma    (see    americana, 

anita,  astriata). 
'Mamestra    (see  gertana,   tine- 
ta). 

mantalini,  Caradrina   255 

marshallana,  Agrotis  365 

mephistaria*,    Phigalia    oliva- 
cearia    308 


minuta,  Catocala   (larva)    . . .  200 

monica,  Everes   155 

monica,  Lycaena   230,  328 

tnontmuSf  Argynnis  479 

.Vadata  (see  gibbosa). 

neurona,  Lycaena   82 

Noctuidae,    Notes    on    some,    249, 

356. 

Noctuids  on  the  Atlantic  Sea- 
board       222 

Nyctobia     anguilincata      (see 

eastmani). 
Observations  on  the  L.  of  St. 

Louis   354,  460 

obsoleta,  Heliothis   339 

obsoleta,  Limenitis  114 

ophthalmicus,  Smerinthus 

(larva)    201 

Ormiscodes  (see  hortensia'). 
Othorene   (see  corrnpta). 

palla,  Icthyura  inclusa    339 

Papilio   (see  turnus). 

paradoxa*,  Hemileuca   burnsi   130 

Peridroma   (see  demutabilis). 

persephone,  Apantesis  193 

Phigalia  olivacearia   (see  me- 
phistaria). 

philodice,  Colias   6r 

Phyciodes,  New  aberration  in  194 

picta,  Phyciodes    194 

picturata*,  Dirphia   4 

planifrons,  Setagrotis   360 

Platisenta   (see  albipuncta). 

plexippus,  Anosia   159 

plexippus,  Danaida  116 

Polia  (see  resoluta,  speciosa). 

Polyphemus,  Telea 195 

Pontia  (see  rapae). 
Priono.rystus     robiniae,     Egg 

stage  of   195 

propinquus*,    Chamaelimnas.  .  316 
Pseudanarta    (see  caeca,    cro- 

cea,  dupla). 
quinquemaculata*,  Herma-thena  112 


XIV 


INDEX. 


rapae,  Pontia   159 

reaghi*,  Phyciodes  tharos  . . .  305 

resoluta,  Polia  359 

retecta,  Catocala  (larva) 200 

robiniae*,  Prionoxystus   195 

rubicunda,  Dryocampa    59 

ryensis*,  Apamea  erepta   ....  223 
Samia  (see  calif 'ornica,  cecro- 

pia). 

Sanninoidea  cxitiosa,  Note  on  53 
Satyrimima    (see  weberi). 

scandens,   A  gratis    362 

Semiophora  (see  atoma). 

senatoria,  Anisota  55 

Setagrotis   (see  congrua,  der- 
narius,  data,  filiis,  invenusta, 
planifrons,  vernilis,  vocalis). 
Sidema   (see  dcvastatrix) . 

speciosa,  Polia   359 

spilomela,  Caradrina    255 

strigosa,  Danaida    113 

submissa,  Andropolia    358 

Suffert  collection    112 

Swarm  of  Aletia  argillacea..  84 

tejua,  Everes   155 

tejua,  Lycaena   230,  328 

Telea      polyphemus,      Asym- 
metry in  195 

lessellata,  Halisidota   60 

Thecla   (see  wittfeldii). 

tincta,  Mamestra  366 

Titya   (see  fuscicaudata). 

tityrus,  Epargyreus   IQ5 

turnus,  Papilio    159 

unipunctata,  Leucania   85 

vernilis,  Setagrotis  361 

vidua,  Catocala   (larva)    199 

vocalis,  Setagrotis   360 

Weather,    Caterpillars   and    ..  29 

weberi*,  Satyrimima   302 

wittfeldii,   Thecla    261 


NEUROPTERA  (excl.  Mallophaga 
and  Odonata). 

Acanthaclisis   (see  kawaii). 
Brachynemurus,   The  genus . .     63 

Clathroneuria*     65 

coloradensis,  Hodotermcs?   . .       7 

designatus,  Platyphylax    84 

esakii*,   Formicaleo    298 

jerox,  Hesperoleon    64 

fodinae,  Parotermes 6 

Formicaleo   (see  esakii). 

Fossil   Isoptera    6 

Hesperoleon*    64 

Hodotcrmes   (see  coloradensis). 

kawaii*,    Acanthaclisis    297 

longicaudus,    Brachynemurus.     64 

longipalpis,  Scotoleon   65 

Myrmeleon  (see  ochraceopen- 

nis~) . 
Myrmeleonidae     from     Japan 

and  Formosa    297 

ochraceopennis*,  Myrmeleon.  299 
Parotermes  (see  fodinae, 

scudderi) . 
Platyphylax   (see  designatus). 

schwarsi,  Clathroneuria    65 

Scotoleon*     65 

scudderi*,    Parotermes    8 

Trichoptera     collected     under 

unusual  conditions   84 

ODONATA. 

Agrioninae,   Medio-anal   link.  258 

elongata,  Somatochlora    479 

integricollis*,      Nchalcnnia,      310, 

373- 

Medio-anal  link  in  Agrioninae  258 
Metamorphosis,  Injury  at  ...  431 
Nehalennia,  Species  of,  310,  373 

pallidula*,  Nehalennia  373 

Wing  split  into  its  laminae..  478 


INDEX. 


xv 


ORTHOPTERA.  RHYNCHOTA. 

alleni,  Hygronemobius   451  (see  Hemiptera). 

Diapheromera    femorata,    Ef- 
fect of  temperature  on  molt-  THYSANOPTERA. 

, *4  Cryptothrips  floridensis*   ....   145 

Grasshopper  army  moving...  322  LeptothripS    asfiersus    macro- 

Hatching  of  _a  mantid    323          ocellatus* 148 

Kygronemobius*,       .....         451  Phloeothrips  floridens&  . . .     I47 
Mantid  eggs  eaten  by  birds..  371 

•  <•>  • 

AUTHORS. 

ALDRICH,  J.  M.     Collecting  notes  from  the  Great  Basin 
and  adjoining  territory    214 

ALEXANDER,  C.  P.    The  neotropical  Tipulidae  in  the  Hun- 
garian National  Museum 404,  439 

A  new  species  of  Di.ra  from  Chile 176 

BANKS,  N.    The  genus  Brachynemurus 63 

BERGROTH,  E.    On  some  North  American  Hemiptera  .  .  .  .263 

BERRY,  L.     (See  Rowley  and  Berry.) 

BETHUNE,  C.  J.  S.  and  MACGILLIVRAY,  A.  D.    Announcement 
of  Entom.  Society  of  America 468 

BETHUNE-BAKER,    G.    T.     Everes    comyntas    and    amyn- 

tula 97,  T49,  327 

Material  wanted 374 

BIGELOW,  E.  F.   An  entomologist  wanted  for  Arcadia  .  .  .  .  180 
BIRD,  H.     The  appearance  of  an  unexpected  Noctuid  on 

the  Atlantic  seaboard  222 

BISHOPP,  F.  C.     The  occurrence  of  the  Australian  cattle- 
tick  and  the  brown  dog-tick  in  Key  West,  Florida  ....  366 
BLAISDELL,  F.  E.     Minutes  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Entomo- 
logical Society   38 

Variations  in  the  maculation  of  Olla  abdominaHs 385 

BOWDITCH,  F.  C.    New  species  of  Macrogonus 268 

BRADLEY,  J.  C.     (See  Comstock,  J.  H.  et  a/.) 

BREHME,  H.  H.  A  new  aberation  in  Phyciodes 194 

A  note  on  Apantesis  anna  and  A.  persephone 193 

Notes  on  mosquitoes   242 

BURGESS,  A.  F.     (See  Parrott,  P.  J.  and  Burgess,  A.  F.) 


xvi  INDEX. 

CALVERT,  P.  P.     Bromeliadicolous  insects 133 

Editorials.     (See  Editorials  under  General  Subjects.) 

Obituary :     Peter  Cameron  96 

Obituary :     Horace  Jayne  383 

Obituary :     W.  F.  Kirby 94 

Obituary :     Sir  John  Lubbock,  Lord  Avebury 289 

Review:     Cosen's  Contribution  to  the  Morphology  and 

Biology  of  Insect  Galls 187 

Review :     Fauna   Hawaiiensis    424 

Review:     Folsom's  Entomology    423 

Review :     Jacobi's   Mimikry    334 

The  species  of  Nehalennia,  including  one  from  the  East- 
ern U.  S.  hitherto  undescribed 310 

The  true  male  of  Nehalennia  integricollis  and  N.  palli- 

dula  n.  sp 373 

Titian  Ramsey  Peale I 

CHAMBERLAIN,  R.  V.     Notes  on  Chilopoda  from  the  Gala- 
pagos Islands 121 

Two  new  Otostigmi  from  India 73 

COCKERELL,  T.  D.  A.    Andrena  dunningi 82 

Eustypiura  rodriguezi 85 

Feltia  venerabilis  arida  n.  subsp 30 

The  first  fossil  anthomyid  fly  from  Florissant,  Colo 295 

The  genera  Parotermes  and  Hodotermes  6 

COMSTOCK,  J.  H.,    BRADLEY,  J.  C.  and  RILEY,  W.  A.    Reso- 
lutions on  death  of  Alfred  G.  Hammar 480 

COMSTOCK,  W.  P.     On  the  recurrence  of  Thecla  wittfeldii.26i 

COOLIDGE,  K.  R.    Method  of  breeding  Lycaenidae 103 

Obituary :     W.  G.  Wright 92 

CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.,     Descriptions  of  two  new  species  of 

the  dipterous  genera  Chaetopsis  and  Stenomyia 317 

Collecting  and  mounting  micro-diptera,  II.  Mounting  ...     8 
Review :     Brunetti's  Fauna  of  British  India     .... 

Diptera  Nematocera  283 

Review:      The    Monthly    Bulletin  of  the  (Calif.)  State 

Commission  of  Horticulture 285 

and  J.  A.  G.  Rehn.     Entomological  Literature.      (See 
Literature  under  General  Subjects.) 


INDEX.  xvii 

DODD,  A.  P.     The  occurrence  of  Leucania  unipunctata  on 

sugar  cane  in  No.  Queensland   85 

Dow,  R.  P.    Some  nomenclatural  questions 181 

ELLIS,  M.  D.    Seven  new  No.  American  bees  of  the  genus 

Hal-ictus    205 

EMERTON,  J.  H.    Review:    Comstock's  Spider  Book 35 

ENGEL,  H.     Obituary :     Franklin  A.  Merrick   144 

EWING,  H.  E.     Review :     Berlese's  Trombidiidae 90 

A  new  parasite  of  the  House  Fly 452 

Review :     Kellogg's  Distribution  and  Species- forming  of 

Ecto-Parasites    382 

FALL,  H.  C.    Obituary :    L.  E.  Ricksecker 239 

FELT,  E.  P.    Cystodiplosis  eugeniae  n.  sp 175 

Entomological  meeting  in  California,  1915 181 

FROST,  C.  A.     Notes  on  Tomo.ria  bidentata  and  T.  Iincella.i26 
GIRAULT,  A.  A.    A  dragonfly  depositing  eggs  in  a  rainpool 

over  concrete   372 

Fragments  from  an  entomological  diary 156 

Fragments  on  No.  American  insects  III-V 53,  195,  323 

Hymenoptera  Chalcidoidea  eaten  by  birds 371 

Lepidopterous  eggs  from  the  stomach  of  a  wren 370 

Mantid  eggs  apparently  eaten  by  birds 371 

A  new  Signiphora  from  Queensland  166 

A  specific  character  in  the  genus  Trichogramma 326 

Standards  of  the  number  of  eggs  laid  by  insects 213 

Three    new    Genera    of    Chalcidoid    Hymenoptera  from 

Queensland   457 

A  twelfth  new  genus  of  Hymenoptera  Trichogrammati- 

dae  from  Australia   211 

GREENE,  G.  M.    Minutes  of  the  Feldman  Collecting  Social. 
(See  under  General  Subjects.) 

GRINNELL.  F.,  JR.     Obituary:    W.  G.  Wright  91 

HASKIN,  J.  R.     The  danaine  species  of  No.  America,  and 

their  mimics   113 

HEBARD,    M.      A  new   North  American  Genus  belonging 

to  the  group  Nemobiites 451 

HERMS,   W.   B.     Pacific   Slope   Association    of   Economic 
Entomologists    228 


xviii  INDEX. 

HILTON,  W.  A.     Change  in  title  of  Pomona  College  Jour- 
nal of  Entomology   159 

HOLLAND,  W.  J.     A  new  lycaenid  from  Kamerun,  West 

Africa    301 

HOSENFELT,  G.  H.     (See  Rau  &  Hosenfelt.) 

HOWARD,  L.  O.    Obituary:  Philip  Reese  Uhler 433 

JOHANNSEN,  O.  A.    Mcicrobrachins  in  America 228 

JOHNSON,  C.  W.    On  the  Criorhina  intersistens  and  an  al- 
lied species 293 

JOICEY,  J.  J.    The  Suffert  collection  of  butterflies 112 

KNAB,  F.    The  Lepidopterous  Caterpillar  in  the  Bromeliad 

from  Costa  Rica   467 

LEMMER,  F.     Minutes:     Newark  Entomological  Society..  190 
LEONARD,  W.  D.    Additions  to  the  New  Jersey  Tipulidae, 

with  description  of  a  new  sp 247 

LEUSSLER,  R.  A.    The  butterflies  of  Omaha,  Neb 344 

LOVELL,  J.  H.     The  origin  of  the  oligotropic  habit  among 

bees    104 

MACGILLIVRAY,  A.  D.     (See  Bethune,  C.  J.  S.) 

MALLOCH,  J.  R.    The  genus  Parodina 274 

MANEE,  A.  H.     Observations  on  Buprestidae  at  Southern 

Pines,  No.  Carolina 167 

MENGEL,  L.  W.    A  new  erycinid  from  So.  America.  .112,  316 
MESKE,  A.    Note  on  Smith's  description  of  a  new  noctuid.273 

MILBURN,  J.  G.    Recollections  of  A.  R.  Grote 182 

NAKAHARA,  W.     On  three  new  species  of  Myrmeleonidae 

from  Japan  and  Formosa  297 

NOAKES,  A.     The  Druce  collection  of  Lepicloptera  374 

NUNENMACHER,  F.  W.    Studies  amongst  the  Coccinellidae  76 

OVERMAN,  C.  T.   Cystineura  amymonc 415 

PARROTT,    P.    J.    and    BURGESS/  A.  F.     Announcement  of 

American  Asso.  of  Econ.  Entomologists 469 

PATTERSON,  R.  S.     (See  Weiss  &  Patterson.) 

RAU,  P.  &  N.    Some  observations  on  mud  wasps 392 

RAU,  P.  &  G.  H.  HOSENFELT..  Abnormal  wing  formation  in 

Samia  cecropia  and  5".  californica   337 

REED,  E.  L.     Cystineura  amymone 279 


INDEX.  xix 

REHN,  J.  A.  G.     Color  nomenclature 277 

Obituary :     W.  F.  Kirby 94 

(See  also  Cresson  &  Rehn.) 

REIFF,  W.    Some  new  forms  of  Lepidoptera  from  Mass.  .305 
RILEY,  W.  A.     Some  sources  of  laboratory  material  for 

work  on  the  relation  of  insects  to  disease 172 

(See  Comstock,  J.  H.     et  a/.) 
ROWLEY,  R.  R.  &  L.  BERRY.     Last  year's  work  with  Cato- 

cala  and  other  Lepidoptera 197 

RUST,  E.  W.     New  Peruvian  parasite    from    Hemichio- 

naspis  minor 160 

SCHAUS,  W.    New  species  of  Heterocera  from  Brazil 3 

SCHROERS,  P.  A.     Observations  on  the  Lepidoptera  of  St. 

Louis  and  vicinity  during  1912 354 

Heterocera  in  and  around  St.  Louis,  Mo 460 

SCHWARZ,  H.     Obituary:     Miss  Mary  E.  Murtfeldt 241 

SELOUS,  F.  C.     Birds  and  butterflies 83 

Insect  arrow  poison   83 

SEVERIN,  H.  H.  P.  &  H.  C.    The  effect  of  temperature  on 

the  molting  of  Diapheromera  femorata 14 

SHELFORD,   V.    E.     Noteworthy   variations   in    the   elytral 

tracheation  of  Cicindela 124 

SHERMAN,  F.,  Jr.    The  Meloidae  of  No.  Carolina 245 

SHERMAN,  J.  D.,  JR.    Obituary:  Frederick  Blanchard 46 

Obituary :     Frederick  Blanchard   46 

SKINNER,  H.    Antigeny  in  nearctic  butterflies 23 

How  does  the  house  fly  pass  the  winter? 303 

Limenitis  ursula  var.  albofasciata 326 

Minutes:     (See  American  Entomological  Society.) 
Minutes:    (See  Entomological  Section,  Academy  of  Na- 
tural Sciences,  Phila.) 

A  new  Aryynnis  from  Utah   ^50 

A  new  hesperid  butterfly  from  Cuba 72 

Notes  on  Lycaena  amyntula,  Monica  and  tejua 230 

Notes  on  Lycaena  neurona 82 

Obituary :     W.  F.  Kirby 93 

Obituary:     Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  F.  Stidham 321 


xx  INDEX. 

Review:     Barnes  &  McDunnough's  Contributions 286 

Review:     O'Kanes'  Injurious  insects  37 

Review :     Scorer's  Entomologists'  Log'  Book 285 

Review :     Winn's    Preliminary    List    of    the    insects    of 

Quebec    37 

To  collect  Lepidopterous  pupae  226 

SMITH,  J.  B.     A  new  noctuid  273 

STONER,  D.     Eleodes  in  Minnesota 81 

Notes    on  some  beetles  reared  from  a  dead  elm  log  .  .  .  .352 

The  harlequin  cabbage  bug  in  Iowa 132 

DE  LA  TORRE  BUENO,  J.  R.     Some  new  and  little  known 

Heteroptera 20 

Vote  on  priority  in  nomenclature 129 

TOWNSEND,  C.  H.  T.     Two  new  generic  names  in  Mus- 

coidea 133 

VANATTA,  E.  G.     The  Zimmermann  collection  of  Coleop- 

tera 371 

VAN  DUZEE,  M.  C.     Synoptical  table  of  the  No.  Am.  spe- 
cies of  the  genus  Sympycnus 269 

VORHIES,  C.  T.     Trichoptera  collected  under  unusual  con- 
ditions      84 

WALTON,  W.  R.    New  No.  American  Tachinidae 49 

WATSON,  J.  H.    A  new  form  of  Hemileuca  burnsi 130 

WATSON,  J.  R.     New  Thysanoptera  from  Florida 145 

WEISS,  H.  B.     Notes  on  the  phototropism  of  certain  mos- 
quitoes      12 

Aesthetic  Appreciation  in  Entomology 464 

WEISS,  H.  B.  &  R.  S.  PATTERSON.     Revised  keys  to  the 

species  of  mosquitoes  found  in  N.  J 65 

WESTCOTT,  O.  S.    The  1912  swarming  of  Aletia  argillacea  84 
WILLIAMSON,  E.  B.    The  medio-anal  link  in  Agrioninae.  .258 

Some  Colorado  dragonfly  records 372 

WOLLEY-DOD,  F.  H.     Notes  on  some  No.  American  Noc- 
tuidae 249.  356 


JANUARY,  1913. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXIV. 


No.  1. 


Titian  Ramsey  Peale  -(1800-1885), 


PHILIP   P.  CALVERT,  Ph.D.,  Editor. 
E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR.,  Associate  Editor. 

HENRY  SKINNER,  M.D.,  Sc.D.,  Editor  Emeritus, 


K2RA   T.   CRESSON. 
PHJLCP    LAURKNT. 


ADVISORY  COMMITTEE: 


KRTCH   DAECKE. 


).    A.  'G.   REIiM 
N.   W. 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  1. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY    OF    NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL.  XXIV. 


JANUARY,   1913. 


No.   i. 


CONTENTS: 


Portrait— Titian  Ramsey  Peale i 

Schaus — New  Species  of  Heterocera 
from  Brazil  (Lepid.) 3 

Cockerell — The  Genera  Parotermes 
and  Hodotermes  (Isoptera) 6 

Cresson— Collecting  and  Mounting 
(Micro-Diptera)  — II 8 

Weiss — Notes  on  the  Phototropism  of 
Certain  Mosquitoes  ( Dipt. ) 12 

Severin  and  Severin — The  Effect  of 
Temperature  on  the  Molting  of  the 
Walking-stick,  Diapheromera  fem- 
oral a  Say  (Orthop.l 14 

de  la  Torre  Bueno — Some  New  and 
Little-known  Heteroptera  from  the 
Western  United  States 20 

Skinner— Antigeny  in  Neartic  Butter- 
flies ( Lepid. )  23 


Baker— Change  of  Address 27 

Editorial  28 

Color  of  Hemiptera 29 

The  Insects'  Homer 29 

Caterpillars  and  the  Weather 29 

Cockerell — Feltia  venerabilis  arida  n. 

subsp.  (Lepid.)  30 

Entomological  Literature 30 

Review  of  Comstock— Spider  Book. ...  35 
Review  of  Winn— A  Preliminary  List 

of  the  Insects   of  the   Province  of 

Quebec—  Part  I 37 

Review  of  Kane— Injurious  Insects : 

How  to  Recognize  andControl  them  37 

Doings  of  Societies 38 

Obituary— Frederick  Blanchard 46 

Obituary — Dr.  Wm.  Armstrong  Buck- 

hout 48 


Titian   Ramsey  Peak. 

(Portrait,  Plate  I) 

Following  our  practice  of  the  last  two  years  in  placing  a 
portrait  of  one  of  the  older  American  entomologists  on  the 
cover  of  the  NEWS,  we  have  selected  for  the  frontispiece  and 
for  the  cover  for  1913  the  portrait  of  Titian  Ramsey  Peale. 

Titian  R.  Peale  published  in  1833  a  work  entitled  Lepidop- 
tera  Americana*  which  seems  never  to  have  passed  .beyond 
a  single  small  installment. 

*Lepidoptera  Americana :  or,  Original  Figures  of  the  Moths  and 
Butterflies  of  North  America;  in  their  various  stages  of  existence 
and  the  plants  on  which  they  feed.  Drawn  on  stone,  and  coloured 
from  nature ;  with  their  characters,  synonyms,  and  remarks  on  their 
habits  and  manners.  By  Titian  R.  Peale.  Curator  of  the  Philadelphia 
Museum.  Vol.  I.  No.  I,  Philadelphia:  Printed  by  William  P.  Gib- 
bons, S.  W.  corner  Sixth  &  Cherry  Sts.,  1833. 

The  copy  of  Number  i  in  the  library  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia  comprises  14  unnumbered  pages  of  text  and 
4  colored  plates  numbered  3  to  7;  the  size  is  8,:4  x  io^<  inches.  Ac- 
companying this  single  part  is  a  printed  sheet  of  "The  Proposals  for 
Publishing  by  subscription  a  work  to  be  entitled  Lepidoptera  Amer- 
icana" which  state  that  "the  work  will  consist  of  one  hundred  Plates," 
in  Numbers  of  four  Plates,  to  be  regularly  published  every  two 
months,  at  Ten  Dollars  a  year;  a  few  other  uncolored  plates  with 
Peak's  autograph  and  the  date  1836,  and  some  unpublished  manuscripts. 


2  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

He  was  chiefly  known,  however,  as  an  illustrator  of  books 
in  various  branches  of  natural  history,  such  as  Thomas 
Say's  American  Entomology  (1824-28),  a  number  of  the  plates 
of  which  bear  his  name.  It  is  possible  that  it  was  to  Peale  that 
Say  referred  in  his  letter  to  J.  F.  Melsheimer,  dated  from  Phil- 
adelphia, July  30,  1816,  and  published  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Fox  in  the 
NEWS,  volume  XII,  page  140  (1901),  as  follows:  "On  the  lid 
of  the  box  within  you  will  find  two  plates  of  insects  intended 
for  my  American  Entomology  they  are  all  to  be  coloured — I 
send  you  the  plate  of  G.  Tityus  as  the  first  one  that  I  have  had 
coloured  you  will  not  criticise  it  with  too  much  severity  as  the 
artist  is  young  &  will  improve."  This  plate  is  No.  4  of  the  first 
volume  of  Say's  work  and  is  unsigned.  Peale,  at  the  time  of 
the  writing  of  this  letter  was  about  sixteen  years  of  age. 

Peale's  association  with  Say  is  shown  by  passages  in  two 
others  of  the  latter's  letters  to  Melsheimer.  In  that  of  June 
10,  1818  (Ent.  News,  XII,  p.  234),  Peale  is  mentioned  as 
one  of  the  party  who  accompanied  Say  on  his  collecting  trip  to 
Florida,  while  that  dated  March  13,  1819  (/.  c.,  p.  281)  reads. 
"Mr.  T.  Peale  will  accompany  me  [on  Major  Long's  Western 
Expedition  to  the  Rocky  Mountains]  to  prepare  the  skins  of 
such  animals  as  may  be  discovered."  Occasionally  in  the 
American  Entomology,  Say  quotes  observations  by  Peale. 

Peale's  collection  of  Lepidoptera  is  still  preserved  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  partly  in  his 
original  boxes  in  the  form  of  books  measuring  9^/2  x  n^4  x  2 
inches.  Under  each  of  the  two  covers  of  each  book  is  an 
inner  cover  of  glass,  to  the  inner  surface  of  one  of  which  are 
fastened  small  disks  of  cork,  a  specimen  being  pinned  in  each 
disk.  The  distance  between  the  glass  covers  is  about  i*4  inches 
and  the  enclosed  space  is  tightly  sealed,  but  both  surfaces  of 
each  specimen  can  be  clearly  seen.  One  of  these  boxes  con- 
tains the  type  of  Say's  Hipparchia  [=Chionobas]  semidcd 
with  a  record  to  the  effect  that  it  is  the  original  of  the  plate  in 
the  American  Entomology.  This  record  has  been  quoted  in 
the  NEWS,  volume  XIII,  page  12  (1902). 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  3 

Appleton's  Cyclopedia  of  American  Biography,  volume 
IV,  New  York,  1888,  contains  a  brief  sketch  of  Titian  Ram- 
sey Peale,  stating  that  he  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in  1800  and 
died  in  the  same  city,  March  13,  1885.  He  was  the  son  of 
Charles  Willson  Peale  (1741-1827),  artist  and  portrait 
painter  and  founder  of  Peak's  Museum*;  Rembrandt  Peale 
(1778-1860),  also  a  well-known  portrait  painter,  and  Raphaelle 
Peale  (1744-1825)  were  brothers  of  Titian  R.  Titian  R.  ac- 
companied the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition  under 
Lieutenant  Wilkes  in  1838-1842,  and  was  an  Examiner  in  the 
Patent  Office  at  Washington  from  1849  to  1872. 


New  Species  of  Heterocera  from  Brazil  (Lepid.) 
By  W.  SCHAUS,  London,  England. 

Ormiscodes  hortensia  sp.  n. 

$ ,  Head  and  collar  dark  brown.  Thorax  olive  brown  mottled  with 
light  brown  hairs.  Abdomen  brown  red  banded  with  black. 

Fore  wings  greyish  buff  mottled  with  olive  brown  scales,  and  with 
some  irregular  fine  fuscous  horizontal  streaks ;  an  indistinct  darker 
subterminal  shade,  expanding  on  costa  into  a  better  marked  fuscous 
brown  shade ;  a  large  triangular  space  medially  on  costa,  dark  olive 
brown  mottled  with  pale  hairs,  edged  by  a  fuscous  line  inwardly 
oblique  from  costa  to  below  cell,  rounded  and  vertical  to  costa, 
slightly  lunular  outwardly  and  enclosing  a  fuscous  streak  on  disco- 
cellular. 

Hind  wings  bright  brown  on  base  and  inner  margin,  shading  to 
darker  brown  outwardly  and  towards  costa;  a  dark  discal  spot;  a 
fuscous  brown  postmedial  line;  a  broad  subterminal  fuscous  shade; 
termen  coloured  like  fore  wings. 

Ex.    85  mm. 

Hab.  Piassaguera,  Sao  Paulo. 

*Peale's  Museum,  a  private  enterprise,  was  also  known  as  The 
Philadelphia  Museum  and  was  an  entirely  distinct  institution  from 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  Most  of  its  contents  were  destroyed 
by  fire  or  scattered  among  various  owners  after  a  somewhat  checkered 
existence. 


4  ENTOMOCOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

Dirphia   picturata    sp.    n. 

$ .  Head,  collar,  and  thorax  dark  brown.  Abdomen  brownish 
black  dotted  with  white ;  basal  segment  bright  red ;  fine  reddish  brown 
segmental  lines,  anal  hairs  yellow  brown. 

Fore  wings :  a  dark  brown  oblique  shade  at  base  reaching  antemedial 
line  on  inner  margin,  the  space  above  it  lilacine  buff  mot- 
tled with  whitish  hairs,  limited  by  the  antemedial  line,  which 
is  fuscous  brown,  finely  pale,  edged  inwardly,  vertical  on 
costa,  outcurved  and  angled  in  cell,  almost  vertical  below 
cell,  somewhat  outbent  on  inner  margin.  Wing  beyond  brown  shaded 
with  fuscous  brown  in  cell ;  an  irregular  white  spot  on  discocellular, 
containing  a  fuscous  grey  line  following  its  outline,  being  narrow  in 
front  and  slightly  inbent,  somewhat  constricted  medially,  and  broader 
behind ;  beyond  cell  on  vein  5  are  two  small  white  spots  with  grey 
centers,  almost  suffusing;  on  one  wing  there  are  some  small 
dots  on  vein  6,  and  one  on  vein  2  near  outer  line;  this  line  is  fuscous 
brown,  slightly  inbent  from  costa,  followed  by  a  pale  brown  and  then 
a  lilacine  shade ;  subterminal  fuscous  brown  spots  connected  by  an 
indistinct  line;  from  vein  4  to  6  the  spots  suffuse  with  the  terminal 
shade  which  is  dark  brown,  narrowing  towards  apex  and  tornus 
which  are  filled  with  the  lilacine  shade. 

Hind  wings  brown  shaded  with  red  at  base;  hairs  on  inner  margin 
red ;  a  reddish  brown  spot  on  discocellular,  pale  edged ;  a  fuscous 
brown  postmedial  and  subterminal  shade,  the  latter  followed  by  a 
lilacine  shade. 

Fore  wings  below  grey  brown  shaded  with  red  on  inner  margin ;  a 
black  discal  point ;  an  outer  lilacine  shade,  darker  edged. 

Hind  wings  below  lilacine  to  just  beyond  cell;  a  medial  brown 
shade ;  a  fuscous  brown  small  spot ;  terminal  space  brown ;  a  sub- 
terminal  lilacine  shade. 

Ex.  62  mm. 

Hob.  Joinville,  Brazil. 

Automeris  coronis  sp.   n. 

$.  Head  and  collar  dark  brown.  Thorax  brown,  shading  to  red- 
dish brown  behind,  the  patagia  tipped  with  yellow  buff.  Abdomen 
roseate  brown,  with  very  faint  smoky  grey  transverse  lines. 

Fore  wings  brown,  darkest  at  base  and  beyond  outer  line ;  antemedial 
line  remote  from  base,  fine,  fuscous  outcurved  to  vein  2,  and  again 
to  submedian,  marked  with  pale  points  on  veins ;  medial  space  paler, 
tinged  with  grey,  the  discal  spot  very  large,  light  brown  marked  with 
two  black  points  on  inner  edge,  four  on  outer;  a  vertical  brown  post- 
medial  shade  from  costa  to  line,  this  latter  fine,  reddish  brown  from 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  5 

apex  to  middle  of  inner  margin,  marked  with  buff  white  points  on 
veins;  a  diffuse  fuscous  brown  subterminal  shade  outwardly  edged 
with  light  brown. 

Hind  wings  dull  roseate  brown  at  base  and  along  iinner  margin, 
brownish  on  costa ;  ocellus  very  large,  black,  broadly  circled  with 
whitish  yellow,  containing  an  irregular  brown  spot  with  four  lines 
projecting  towards  outer  margin,  and  an  angled  white  line  within 
it;  a  postmedial  lunular  black  line  followed  by  a  broad  maroon 
shade;  outer  margin  and  cilia  ochreous  buff,  with  a  darker  terminal 
line. 

Fore  wings  below  brownish  buff,  tinged  with  reddish  except  on 
costal  and  outer  margins  which  are  shaded  with  fuscous ;  a  large  black 
discal  spot  containing  a  small  white  spot;  an  outer  black  line,  wavy 
from  costa,  well  before  apex  to  middle  of  inner  margin;  traces  of 
subterminal  triangular  fuscous  shades. 

Hind  wings  below  brownish  buff  irrorated  with  fuscous ;  a  small 
horizontal  whitish  discal  streak,  dark  edged ;  a  wavy,  irregular  post- 
medial  dark  line;  traces  of  subterminal  shadings  as  on  fore  wings. 

Ex.  95  mm. 

Hob.  Joinville,  Brazil. 

Othorene    corrupta    sp.    n. 

$.  Head,  collar,  and  patagia  dull  purplish  slate  colour;  thorax 
roseate  brown.  Abdomen  above  pale  reddish  brown. 

Fore  wings  dull  purplish  slate  colour  at  base,  shading  to  roseate 
brown  terminally,  crossed  by  numerous  black  striae,  but  fewer  on 
outer  margin ;  no  traces  of  lines. 

Hind  wings  pale  brown,  darker  shaded  on  costa;  a  purplish  red  shade 
along  inner  margin. 

Fore  wings  below  roseate  brown,  the  apex  striated  with  black. 

Hind  wings  below  yellow  buff,  shaded  with  roseate  on  inner  margin. 

Ex.  72  mm. 

Hob.  Joinville,  Brazil. 

Cicinnus  maera  sp.   n. 

$ .  Head  roseate  brown.  Collar,  thorax,  and  abdomen  pale  red- 
dish ;  anal  tufts  fuscous  brown. 

Fore  wings  to  outer  line  pale  reddish  shaded  with  smoky  grey  be- 
fore the  line,  and  with  a  few  scattered  fuscous  scales  on  postmedial 
space;  a  large  round  buff  white  spot  filling  end  of  cell,  finely  darker 
edged,  especially  on  discocellular,  which  is  followed  by  a  slight 
fuscous  grey  shade ;  pale  shades  between  veins  2  and  4  close  to 
median;  a  fine  darker  red  line  from  cell  spot  to  inner  margin;  outer 
line  remote,  fine,  oblique  on  costa,  angled  at  vein  8,  then  thicker,  dark 


6  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

brown  and  vertical  to  inner  margin,  a  black  shade  from  angle  above 
vein  8  to  termen  at  apex,  shaded  above  with  fuscous  grey;  termen 
roseate  buff  shaded  with  pale  grey,  and  irrorated  with  black,  forming 
clusters  on  veins  near  outer  line;  the  apex  is  bluntly  produced,  the 
termen  somewhat  convex  between  veins  5  and  2. 

Hind  wings  grey  shaded  with  roseate  becoming  reddish  at  outer 
line  and  on  termen,  thinly  irrorated  with  dark  scales ;  the  outer  line 
dark  brown  from  costa  near  apex  to  anal  angle,  followed  by  black 
clusters  of  scales  on  veins. 

Wings   below   similar   but   duller. 

Ex.  33  mm. 

Hob.  Joinville,  Brazil. 

Titya  fuscicaudata   sp.   n. 

9.     Body  dull  brown;    anal   tufts    fuscous  brown. 

Fore  wings  smoky  brown,  thinly  scaled,  the  lines  broad,  greyish 
buff;  antemedial  inwardly  oblique,  inbent  at  submedian;  an  oblique 
black  spot  on  discocellular ;  postmedial  inbent,  sinuous;  subterminal 
narrower,  parallel  with  postmedial. 

Hind  wings   smoky  brown;   a  broad,  slightly  darker,  medial  shade. 

Ex.  58  mm. 

Hob.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Brazil. 

The  types  of  these  species  will  be  placed  in  the  United 
States  National  Museum  at  Washington. 


The  Genera  Parotermes  and  Hodotermes  (Isoptera). 
By  T.  D.  A.  COCKEKELL,  Boulder,  Colorado. 

At  Station  14,  in  the  miocene  shales  of  Florissant,  Colo- 
rado, my  wife  found  a  specimen  of  Parotermes  fodinae  Scud- 
der,  sufficiently  well  preserved  to  show  practically  the  entire 
venation  of  the  anterior  wings.  Upon  comparison,  I  find  that 
the  venation  is  nearly  identical  with  that  of  Hodotermes 
ochraceus  Burm.,  as  figured  by  Desneux  in  Genera  insectorum, 
Isoptera,  pi.  I,  f.  43..  The  difference  is  mainly  as  follows:  P. 
fodinae  has  the  region  above  the  media  considerably  narrower, 
so  that  about  the  middle  of  the  wing  the  media  is  distinctly 
nearer  to  the  costa  than  to  the  upper  branch  of  the  cubitus; 
the  media  (scapular  vein)  gives  off  above  in  my  example  of 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  7 

fodinae  three  branches  in  one  wing  and  four  in  its  opposite  (in 
ochraceus  six)  ;  below,  the  media  gives  off  three  branches,  the 
first  before  the  origin  of  the  third  upper  branch,  all  leaving 
the  media  at  a  much  larger  angle  than  the  upper  branches 
(ochraceus  is  quite  different  here,  but  Hodotermes  mossambi- 
cus  has  the  lower  branches  of  the  media  practically  as  in  P. 
fodinae}.  The  cubitus  forks  before  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
and  its  upper  branch  forks  again,  exactly  as  in  H.  ochraceus; 
the  anal  also  has  a  fork  below  and  a  little  beyond  the  cubital 
fork,  as  in  ochraceus. 

The  presence  of  the  sub-costal  (sub-marginal)  vein,  which 
was  supposed  to  separate  Parotermes  from  Hodotermes,  is  not 
diagnostic,  this  vein  being  present  in  true  Hodotermes.  It  is 
Parotermes,  formerly  considered  a  sub-genus  of  Hodotermes, 
which  has  the  sub-costa  absent  or  rudimentary.  According  to 
the  diagrammatic  figure  of  Hodotermes  brunneicornis  given 
by  Redtenbacher  and  reproduced  by  Sharp,  the  media  of  that 
insect  has  no  inferior  branches,  and  the  cubitus  is  wholly  un- 
like that  of  our  fossil;  but  brunneicornis  really  belongs  to  a 
different  genus,  Stolotermes.  The  indications  are,  then,  that 
Parotermes  differs  little  from  Hodotermes,  so  that  it  may  be  a 
matter  of  opinion  whether  it  is  really  separable.  At  the  pres- 
ent day,  Hodotermes  is  represented  by  five  species  in  Africa, 
three  in  Central  Asia  and  three  other  dubious  forms,  Asiatic 
and  African.  It  therefore,  in  its  occurrence  at  Florissant, 
affords  a  case  parallel  to  those  of  the  Nemopterids  and  Ne- 
mestrinids. 

Scudder  described  a  large  species  from  the  Florissant  shales 
as  Hodotermes  (?)  coloradensis.  It  is  remarkable  not  only 
for  its  large  size,  but  the  unusually  long  abdominal  append- 
ages, and  the  total  absence  of  the  sub-costal  vein  on  all  the 
wings.  It  is  therefore  apparently  not  a  true  Hodotermes.  I 
have  a  very  fine  specimen  (Florissant,  Station  13,  IV.  P.  Cock- 
erell)  which  I  have  referred  to  Scudder's  species,  but  on  re- 
viewing the  subject  I  can  only  conclude  that  it  is  distinct,  since 
it  has  the  sub-costal  vein  well  developed,  and  the  abdominal 


8  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

appendages  are  very  small,  resembling  those  figured  by  Des- 
neux  for  Hodotermes  turkestanicus.  My  insect  is,  I  believe, 
a  true  Hodotermes  or  Parotermes,  although  the  structure  of 
the  cubital  and  anal  veins,  and  lower  branches  of  the  media, 
cannot  be  made  out.  It  may  be  named  as  follows : 

Parotermes  scudderi  n.  sp. 

Hodotermes  coloradensis  Cockerell,  Popular  Science  Monthly, 
LXXIV,  1908,  p.  1 1 8,  fig. 

Length  about  15^  mm.;  head  oblong,  about  4*4  mm.  long  and  3 
wide;  wings  about  22  mm.  long;  media  to  costa  in  middle  of  anterior 
wing  about  i  mm.,  thus  the  space  narrow  as  in  Parotermes',  media  of 
anterior  wing  with  only  three  branches  above,  the  first  arising  nearly 
9  mm.  from  base  of  wing;  radius  of  lower  wing  with  two  branches 
above ;  antennae,  as  preserved,  appearing  brown  with  white  annuli 
(the  sutures),  about  six  joints  to  a  mm.  in  middle  of  antenna. 

Easily  known  from  the  other  species  of  Parotermes  by  its 

great  size. 

—  <•>  i — 

Collecting  and  Mounting  Micro-Diptera. 

Paper  II — Mounting. 
By  E.  T.  CRESSON,  JRV  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

In  previous  pages  of  this  journal  (i)  I  gave  an  account  of  a 
method  of  collecting  micro-diptera  and  promised  to  supple- 
ment it  with  an  article  on  a  method  of  mounting  which  I  use 
and  find  most  satisfactory  for  preserving  them  for  study.  It 
is  generally  the  fact  that  a  thorough  systematist  is  a  poor  tech- 
nician and  vie  a  versa.  The  systematist  being  more  interested 
in  the  insect  and  its  relationship  than  in  the  method  of  mount- 
ing and  its  appearance  in  relation  to  others  in  the  series  or  col- 
lection, while  the  technician  considers  more  the  appearance  and 
the  method  of  mounting.  The  method  I  use  and  will  here 
try  to  describe,  should  appeal  to  the  former  on  account  of  the 
advantages  possessed  for  thorough  examination,  while  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  mount  nnd  its  subject  should  satisfy  'he  latter 

The  common  practice  of  gluing  the  insect  to  points,  which 
is  usually  done  by  Coleopterists  and  seems  most  satisfactory 
for  them,  should  be  discouraged  for  micro-diptera,  and  this 

(i).    Vol.  xxi.,  pp.  406-410. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  9 

I  do  most  earnestly  on  account  of  two  very  bad  features  which 
are  evident  even  when  most  care  is  taken  in  the  mounting. 
This  I  say  in  spite  of  what  Prof.  C.  F.  Baker  says  in  his  ar- 
ticle "On  Mounting  Minute  Insects,  Particularly  Micro-Dip- 
tera,"  (2)  in  which  he  recommends  gluing  the  specimens  on 
cardboard  points,  arguing  mainly  from  a  technician's  view- 
point, that  the  various  angles  which  the  specimens  may  other- 
wise assume,  ruins  the  appearance  of  the  collection.  My  objec- 
tions to  this  and  other  methods  mentioned  in  this  paper  of 
mine,  are  based  upon  experience  in  handling  a  great  mass  of 
material  on  all  sorts  of  mounts.  Regarding  the  objectionable 
features  of  the  method  above  mentioned,  the  first  and  most 
important  is  the  fact  that  one  surface  is  always  inaccessible 
for  examination,  and  this  surface  may  have  the  character 
of  most  value.  If  relaxing  and  remounting  could  be  done, 
this  factor  would  not  be  so  objectionable.  Then  again  in 
mounting  with  glue  the  legs  which  are  often  tightly  folded  may 
have  to  be  spread  for  examination  of  the  bristles,  etc.,  and 
this  is  generally  impossible  on  account  of  softening  the  mount- 
ing adhesive.  Of  course,  if  the  adhesive  used  is  soluble  in 
water  this  factor  is  eliminated.  The  other  fault  in  question 
is  that  it  is  often  the  case  when  certain  characters  are  to  be 
examined,  the  large  pin  interferes  with  the  line  of  vision.  There 
still  remains  another  fault  which  can  be  eliminated  and  that 
is  the  practice  of  picking  the  insect  up  with  a  moist  point  or 
brush  in  order  to  place  it  on  the  mount.  Then  again,  the  moist- 
ure from  the  mounting  adhesive  will  often  discolor  the  in- 
sect beyond  recognition,  thereby  rendering  the  specimen 
worthless.  I  have  in  mind  a  case  where  a  new  species  was 
practically  based  upon  the  discoloration  caused  by  the  stain 
resulting  from  the  moisture  in  the  adhesive  used  in  mounting. 
In  handling  these  small  insects,  I  always  use  tweezers,  picking 
them  up  by  the  wings  or,  secondly  (rarely),  by  the  legs,  never, 
under  any  circumstances,  touching  the  body  with  anything 
other  than  the  point  of  the  mounting  pin.  As  emphasized  in 

(2).     Psyche,  May  1897,  pp.  63-64. 


IO  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

my  previous  article,  an  excess  of  moisture  is  the  greatest  ene- 
my one  has  to  guard  against  in  handling  these  small  insects. 
Another  method  which  is  also  used,  and  although  better  than 
the  one  just  discussed,  has  one  of  the  former  objections  be- 
sides another,  not  so  important,  but  still  a  factor  to  be  con- 
sidered. I  refer  to  the  method  of  mounting  the  insect  the 
usual  way  on  a  minute  nadel  which  is,  in  turn,  stuck  into  a 
piece  of  cork,  pith,  or  similar  substance,  and  this  mounted  on 
a  standard  pin,  thus  forming  what  is  termed  a  secondary 
mount,  the  method  to  which  Prof.  Baker  refers  as  being  un- 
sightly. The  first  objection  to  this  method  is  the  necessity 
of  handling  the  insect  in  the  act  of  piercing  it  with  the  nadel, 
although  this  can  be  done  to  some  satisfaction  by  placing  the 
specimen  on  cloth  or  pith.  The  other  objection  is  that  the  na- 
del in  piercing  the  thorax  will  often  depress  or  break  the 
chitin  and  thereby  destroy  the  normal  position  of  an  im- 
portant bristle  or  hair. 

The  method  I  use  also  comes  under  the  head  of  secondary 
mounting,  but  overcomes  all  the  objections  noted  above.  This 
I  will  try  to  explain  as  clearly  as  possible,  and  the  process,  al- 
though appearing  long  and  complicated,  is  quite  simple,  and 
the  satisfaction  gained  by  having  thoroughly  practical  mounts 
will  offset  any  extra  time  spent.  This  method  is  practically 
the  impaling  of  the  insect  upon  the  point  of  a  nadel,  which 
<5»  is  supported  by  a  cork,  pith  or  blotting  paper 

mount  on  a  standard  pin  in  the  manner  shown  by 
the  accompanying  sketch.  There  are  several 
ways  in  which  this  can  be  done  and  various  kinds 
SUP  of  supporting  materials  used,  but  I  find  that 
blotting  paper  is  the  most  economical  and  looks 
neat.  I  generally  prepare  the  slips  of  blotting- 
paper  in  quantity,  using  the  thickest  blotter  I  can 
find  (40  pounds  to  the  ream).  A  standard  sheet 
will  supply  enough  slips  for  a  season's  collecting. 
These  slips  are  cut  5x9  millimeters  in  size,  on 
a  photo-trimmer  with  the  aid  of  a  couple  of 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  II 

gauges.  The  nadeln  (I  use  the  American  Entomological  Co.'s 
No.  216)  are  first  arranged  in  a  flat  bottom  tubular  vial,  whose 
diameter  is  less  than  the  length  of  a  nadel,  with  their  points  up. 
This  can  be  done  any  time,  and  is  to  me  the  most  tedious  part 
of  the  entire  proceedings.  I  throw  two  or  three  hundred  upon  a 
piece  of  white  cardboard,  which  at  once  shows  up  the  pointed 
ends,  and  with  a  pair  of  fine  tweezers  I  pick  each  one  up  and 
drop  it  into  the  vial  with  its  point  up.  The  standard  pin  is  No.  2, 
steel  or  hard  brass,  39  millimeters  long.  The  foregoing  opera- 
tions are  all  preparatory  and  can  be  done  in  sufficient  quantities 
to  take  care  of  the  season's  collecting.  Preparatory  to  the  act- 
ual mounting  a  goodly  number  of  slips  must  be  pierced  through 
one  end  by  a  nadel.  Any  quantity  of  these  may  be  prepared, 
and  are  best  arranged  in  series,  sticking  in  a  sheet  of  cork 
or  pith.  The  nadeln  are  gotten  out  of  the  vial  by  inverting  the 
latter  against  the  thumb  of  the  left  hand  and  pinching  a  few 
of  the  nadeln  between  the  thumb  and  index  finger,  and  with 
the  forceps  each  nadel  is  taken  and  stuck  in  a  sheet  of  cork. 
After  a  goodly  number  are  thus  treated  they  are  then  pierced 
through  the  slips,  and  these  are  arranged  as  above  suggested, 
thus  completing  all  the  operations  preparatory  to  the  actual 
mounting.  The  following  equipment  will  be  found  necessary 
for  rapid  work;  a  pair  of  pinning  forceps,  a  low  power  (il/2 
inch  focus)  watchmaker's  eye  lens  with  spring,  a  gauge,  for 
making  the  slips  of  uniform  height  on  the  supporting  pin  (22 
millimeters  up  from  the  point),  and  a  sheet  of  white  bristol 
board  or  blotting-paper. 

The  insects  to  be  mounted  are  thrown,  a  few  at  a  time, 
upon  the  white  bristol  board,  a  nadel  with  its  accompanying 
slip  is  picked  up  with  the  forceps,  and,  with  the  aid  of  the 
magnifying  glass,  pierced  through  the  side  of  the  thorax,  pref- 
erably the  left  side.  A  click  will  be  heard  as  the  nadel  is  pull- 
ed up,  thus  indicating  that  the  point  has  passed  through  the 
thorax.  Then,  with  the  aid  of  the  other  hand,  invert  the  slip 
and  grasp  the  same  with  the  forceps  at  the  nadel  end  and  pass 
a  standard  pin  through  the  other  end  in  the  opposite  direc- 


12  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

tion  to  that  of  the  nadel,  but  not  too  close  to  the  end.  Refer- 
ence to  the  figure  will  more  fully  explain  this.  This  finishes 
the  actual  mounting  and  by  the  use  of  the  gauge,  the  slip  can 
be  run  up  on  the  large  pin  to  the  given  distance,  thus  making 
uniform  mounts.  Finally,  by  the  application  of  a  drop  of  di- 
luted white  shellac  at  the  junction  of  the  slip  and  the  large 
pin,  a  very  rigid  mount  is  obtained,  leaving  the  nadel  free  to 
turn,  as  is  often  necessary  to  present  certain  aspects  for  ex- 
amination. With  relaxed  specimens,  after  the  same  have 
been  dried,  a  blotter  should  be  used  instead  of  the  bristol 
board  so  that  the  point  of  the  nadel  can  protrude  further 
through  the  thorax.  This  will  insure  a  more  solid  mount,  as 
the  body  juices  are  not  present  to  cement  the  specimen  to  the 
pin. 

These  mounts  have  a  very  neat,  uniform  appearance,  and 
the  method,  although  seemingly  rather  complicated  and 
lengthy,  is  very  simple,  and  after  a  little  practice  becomes  very 
easy,  and  one  can  mount  as  rapidly  as  with  any  other  double- 
mounting  method.  This  method  insures  as  perfect  specimens 
as  is  possible,  and  gives  access  to  any  surface  for  examination 
with  a  compound  microscope,  and  although  it  has  been  used 
before,  I  do  not  see  many  examples  in  the  collections  I  have 
examined.  It  should  be  used  by  all  who  mount  small  Diptera, 
and  when  one  collects  by  sweeping,  the  material  is  often  gath- 
ered in  such  large  numbers  that  one  needs  a  rapid  and  safe 
method  for  mounting  the  same. 


Notes   on   the   Phototropism  of  Certain   Mosquitoes 

(Dipt.). 

By  HARRY  B.  WEISS,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

The  different  species  of  mosquitoes  exhibit  quite  dissimilar 
reactions  with  regard  to  their  avoidance  of  and  attraction  to 
sunlight.  Some  are  apparently  both  equally  positively  and  neg- 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  13 

atively  phototropic,  while  others  respond  mainly  only  to  one 
stimulus  and  again  others  are  unequally  positively  and  nega- 
tively phototropic. 

Culex  pipiens,  Culex  aurifer,  Culex  canadensis,  Culex  syl- 
vestris,  Culex  salinarius,  Anopheles  maculipennis  and  Wyeom- 
yia  smithii  are  negatively  phototropic.  They  appear  normally 
only  at  night.  They  are  also  slightly  positively  phototropic 
inasmuch  as  they  are  attracted  to  a  certain  extent  by  artificial 
light  and  the  low  intensities  found  at  dusk.  In  other  words 
these  species  are  positively  phototropic  up  to  a  certain  inten- 
sity of  light,  when  they  become  negatively  phototropic. 

Near  the  close  of  the  season  impregnated  females  of  pi- 
picns  becomes  strongly  negatively  phototropic  and  seek  dark 
hibernation  quarters  in  spite  of  the  warm  temperatures,  which 
sometime  prevail  outside.  Anopheles  crucians,  sometimes 
called  the  daylight  mosquito,  is  positively  phototropic  up  to 
the  high  intensity  of  light  which  occurs  during  the  middle  of 
the  day.  Anopheles  punctipennis  responds  both  negatively 
and  positively,  more  so  negatively.  Its  normal  attraction  is  a 
low  intensity. 

Culex  solUcitans  seems  to  be  equally  negatively  and  posi- 
tively phototropic,  these  tropic  reactions  evidently  being  de- 
pendent upon  nutrition,  as  it  is  difficult  to  find  a  more  blood- 
thirsty species.  Culex  perturbans  is  negatively  phototropic 
and  cantator  positively,  but  not  to  the  extent  of  solUcitans'. 

Positive  phototropism  is  most  prevalent  among  the  salt 
marsh  forms,  Culex  solUcitans,  Culex  cantator  and  Culex 
taeniorhynchus  all  actingly  positively  but  Culex  salinarius, 
which  is  also  a  salt  marsh  mosquito,  responds  negatively. 

Inasmuch  as  various  factors  influence  phototropism,  it 
might  be  supposed  that  the  positive  reactions  of  solUcitans, 
cantator  and  taeniorhynchus,  all  being  biters  of  the  first  rank, 
are  dependent  upon  their  desire  for  food.  Positive  photo- 
tropism is  not  at  all  useful  to  mosquitoes  inasmuch  as  it  sub- 
jects them  to  attacks  by  their  natural  enemies. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS. 


[Jan.,  '13 


The  Effect  of  Temperature  on  the  Molting  of  the 
Walking-stick,  Diapheromera  femorata  Say 

(Orthop.). 

By  HENRY  H.  P.  SEVERIN,  Ph.D.,  Honorary  Fellow,  University 

of  Wisconsin,  and  HARRY  C.  SEVERIN,  M.A.,  Professor 

of  Entomology,  South  Dakota  State  College  of 

Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts. 

In  a  recent  paper  we  (i)  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  of 
one  hundred  Diapheromera  femorata  reared  under  as  nearly 
normal  or  field  conditions  as  possible  during  June,  July  and 
August,  the  months  during  which  the  development  of  this 
Phasmid  occurs  in  its  natural  habitat  in  Wisconsin,  23  per 
cent,  molted  four  times,  76  per  cent,  five  times,  and  only  I 
per  cent,  six  times.  The  suggestion  was  also  made  that  "in 
all  probability  temperature  plays  an  important  role  in  the  rate 
of  development."  To  determine  with  certainty  what  effect  tem- 
perature has  on  the  molting  of  this  walking-stick,  a  number 
of  experiments  were  performed. 

In  order  to  compare  the  data  obtained  by  rearing  some  of 
these  insects  under  normal  conditions  with  specimens  bred 
under  a  temperature  either  higher  or  lower  than  field  condi- 
tions, the  following  table  containing  the  averages  of  the  inter- 
vals or  periods  between  molts  (stages  or  stadia)  and  the  total 
duration  of  the  periods  (post-embryonic  development)  of  five 

TABLE  I. 

AVERAGES  IN  DAYS  OF  THE  STAGES  BETWEEN  MOLTS  OF  DIAPHERO- 
MERA  FEMORATA  REARED  UNDER  NEARLY  FIELD  CONDITIONS  IN 
JUNE.  JULY  AND  AUGUST. 


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t—  i 

E 

k-  1 

E 

E 

E 

E 

hH 

S 

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3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

V-n  u 

•5 

•5 

•3 

•3 

•3 

•3 

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X 

3     ^ 

5 

rt 

4_» 

rt 

rt 

a 

4J 

o-ii 

(/) 

2 

uo 

(?) 

0) 

CD 

w 

IXC 

£ 

4 

12.6 

7.6 

10 

10.4 

40.6 

$ 

4 

13.8 

9-4 

9-6 

8.6 

41.4 

(^ 

5 

9.8 

8 

8.2 

9-8 

II 

46.8 

9 

5 

n.  6 

8.4 

8.8 

9.2 

11,4 

49-4 

9 

6 

8 

7 

9 

8 

9 

12 

53 

Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS. 


males  and  five  females  which  passed  through  four  molts,  of 
five  males  and  five  females  which  passed  through  five  molts, 
and  of  one  female  which  molted  six  times,  is  copied  from  a 
previous  paper  (i). 

Five  specimens  of  Diapheromera  femorata  were  reared  at  a 
high  but  not  constant  temperature.  In  this  experiment,  the 
walking-sticks  were  bred  above  a  paraffme  oven,  the  temper- 
ature in  this  region  varying  between  25  and  35  degrees  C. 
The  following  table  shows  the  interval,  in  days,  between  molts 
and  the  total  duration  of  the  stadia. 

TABLE  II. 

STAGES     IN      DAYS      BETWEEN      MOLTS      OF      DIAPHEROMERA      FEMORATA 
REARED   UNDER    A    HIGH    TEMPERATURE   OF   25°   TO   35°    C. 


.'     , 

CO 

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^ 

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tt) 

0 

1—1 

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^^ 

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-^  >  c 

N-3    ^_, 

VM     C" 

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u 

S 

E 

E 

E 

s 

E 

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^"o 

O  j 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

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u  o 

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13 

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T3 

T3 

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ID 

a 

rt 

2 

rt 

cC 

OK 

V 

in 

t/3 

(ft 

tn 

W 

en 

t/3 

<n 

fa 

Q 

May  4,    1910 

C? 

5 

7 

7 

6 

9 

8 

37 

June  10 

"      "      " 

C? 

5 

12 

7 

10 

7 

8 

44 

"     17 

Averages 

9-5 

7 

8 

8 

8 

405 

May  3,    1910 

c? 

6 

12 

7 

8 

7 

7 

7 

48 

"       20 

"     16,     " 

c? 

6 

9 

8 

7 

6 

7 

9 

46 

July   i 

Averages 

10.5 

7-5 

7-5 

6-5 

7 

8 

47 

May  13,  1910 

? 

6 

10 

10 

7 

7 

7 

9 

50 

"       2 

A  glance  at  the  averages  of  the  post-embryonic  develop- 
ments in  the  following  table  shows  that  the  male  walking- 
sticks  which  passed  through  four  molts  under  nearly  norma1 
conditions  required  about  the  same  amount  of  time  (40.6 
days)  as  the  male  specimens  which  molted  five  times  under  a 
high  temperature  (40.5  days).  Practically  the  same  results 
were  obtained  with  the  male  and  female  Phasmids  which  pass- 
ed through  five  molts  under  nearly  normal  conditions,  and  six 
molts  under  a  high  temperature  (Table  III).  If  the  averages 
of  corresponding  stadia  of  the  male  individuals  which  molted 
four  and  five  times  under  a  nearly  normal  and  a  high  tem- 


i6 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS. 


[Jan.,  '13 


perature  are  compared  in  the  following  table,  it  is  seen  that 
the  interval  between  molts  is  considerably  shorter  under  a 
high  temperature.  The  same  is  true,  with  two  exceptions,  of 
the  male  and  female  walking-sticks  which  passed  through  five 
molts  under  nearly  normal  conditions  and  six  molts  under  a 
high  temperature  (Table  III). 

One  would  not  hesitate  to  conclude  from  these  results  that 
a  high  temperature  shortens,  on  an  average,  the  interval  be- 
tween molts. 

TABLE    III. 

AVERAGES  IN  DAYS  OF  THE  STAGES  BETWEEN  MOLTS  OF  DIAPHERO- 
MERA  FEMORATA  REARED  UNDER  NEARLY  NORMAL  CONDITIONS 
AND  A  HIGH  TEMPERATURE  OF  25°  TO  35°  C. 


«J 

M 

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3 

"o 

« 

|""| 

HH 

M 

> 

> 

KS  , 

£ 

•_ 

E 

E 

E 

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a 

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3 

a 

3 

a 

3       . 

3 

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i  "TJ  ^ 

s 

Ei 

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•3 

V 

X 

3  0 

cd 

rt 

rt 

rt 

cd 

o  •-• 

H 

(/3 

£S 

(7i 

(75 

(7) 

c75 

i75 

(75 

£§ 

Normal 

c? 

4 

12.6 

7.6 

10 

10.4 

40.6 

High 

5 

9-5 

7 

8 

8 

8 

40.5 

Normal 

# 

5 

9.8 

8 

S.2 

9.8 

u 

• 

46.8 

High 

tf 

6 

10.5 

7-5 

7-5 

6-5 

7 

8 

47 

Normal 

9 

5 

u.  6 

8.4 

8.8 

9.2 

11.4 

49-4 

High 

9 

6 

10 

10 

7 

7 

7 

9 

50 

De  Sinety  (2)  reared  a  walking-stick,  Leptynia  attennata, 
at  30  degrees  C.  and  found  that,  while  the  specimen  completed 
its  development  more  quickly  under  these  conditions,  yet  the 
acceleration  in  development  did  not  affect  the  interval  between 
the  four  molts  equally.  He  writes,  "tandis  que  le  premier  est 
peu  abrege,  le  deuxieme  et  le  troisieme  le  sont  beaucoup  et  le 
quatrieme  est  allonge." 

In  another  experiment,  ten  male  and  five  female  walking- 
sticks  were  reared  during  the  somewhat  colder  months  of 
April,  May  and  the  early  part  of  June.  The  following  table 
shows  the  interval  between  molts  and  the  post-embryonic  de- 
velopment of  each  group  of  walking-sticks,  the  grouping  being 
made  according  to  sex  and  the  number  of  molts. 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS. 


If  the  averages  of  the  post-embryonic  developments  of  the 
male  walking-sticks  which  molted  five  times  under  nearly  nor- 
mal conditions  are  compared  in  the  following  table  with  those 
of  the  male  specimens  that  passed  through  four  molts  while 
exposed  to  a  low  temperature,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  former 


TABLE  IV. 

STAGES  IN  DAYS  BETWEEN  MOLTS  OK  DIAPHEROMERA  FEMORATA 
REARED  DURING  THE  SOMEWHAT  COLDER  MONTHS  OF  APRIL, 
MAY  AND  THE  EARLY  PART  OF  JUNE. 


M 

"o 

_ 

a 

5 

> 

> 

fr* 

VI 

« 

u 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

5  >  c 

— 

"82 

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3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

<[J  ^  a> 

0,2 

3-8 

E  *^ 

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•5 

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q^  •< 

rt  rt 

X 

3  0 

a 

cd 

rt 

a 

CO 

t/)  y 

si 

Qffi 

t/5 

y, 

*^ 
C/3 

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tfl 

35 

t/5 

B,g 

ID- 

April  8,  1910 

* 

4 

14 

12 

10 

14 

50 

May  28 

it             *  4            t  1 

C? 

4 

16 

10 

8 

ii 

45                    23 

"           II,          " 

c? 

4 

14 

8 

8 

16 

46 

27 

"          14,          " 

c? 

4 

12 

10 

10 

14 

46 

"      30 

"    16,    " 

4 

13 

9 

ii 

15 

48 

June  3 

Averages 

13.8 

9.8 

9-4 

14 

47 

April  5,  1910 

Jl 

5 

15 

9 

8 

12 

14 

58 

June  2 

"      10,      " 

c? 

5 

16 

10 

9 

II 

13 

59 

"      8 

"    ii,    " 

c? 

5 

13 

8 

9 

12 

15 

57 

"      7 

"    ii,    " 

cT 

5 

M 

10 

8 

II 

13 

56 

"      6 

"    18,    " 

c? 

5 

ii 

10 

10 

12 

12 

55 

"         12 

Averages 

13-8 

9-4 

8.8 

II.  6 

"13-4 

57 

April  9,  1910 

9 

5 

15 

8 

10 

II 

14 

57 

June  5 

it             41            1  ( 

9 

5 

17 

9 

8 

10 

14 

58 

6 

"      10,      " 

9 

5 

17 

9 

8 

12 

12 

57 

"      6 

"      12,     " 

9 

5 

H 

9 

8 

13 

13 

57 

"      8 

"    23,    " 

9 

5 

ii 

9 

TO 

12 

II 

53 

"      15 

Averages 

14.8 

8.8 

8.8 

ii.  6 

12.8 

56.4 

required  about  the  same  amount  of  time  (46.8  days)  as  the 
latter  (47  days).  The  female,  which  under  nearly  norm  ii 
conditions  cast  its  skin  six  times,  required  53  days  to  com- 
plete its  post-embryonic  development,  while  the  females  which 
molted  five  times,  while  kept  in  a  cold  temperature,  required 


i8 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS. 


[Jan.,  '13 


56.8  days  (Table  V).  A  comparison  of  the  averages  of  cor- 
responding stadia  of  the  male  and  female  Phasmids  which 
were  subjected  to  differences  in  temperature,  shows  that  the 
interval  between  molts  is  longer  on  an  average  when  the  insects 
are  kept  in  a  cold  temperature.  It  is  evident,  thus,  that  a  low 
temperature  lengthens,  on  an  average,  the  interval  between 
molts. 


TABLE  V. 

AVERAGES  IN  DAYS  OF  THE  STAGES  BETWEEN  MOLTS  OF  DIAPHERO- 
MERA  FEMORATA  REARED  UNDER  NEARLY  NORMAL  CONDITIONS 
IN  JUNE,  JULY  AND  AUGUST,  AND  IN  THE  SOMEWHAT  COLDER 
MONTHS  OF  APRIL,  MAY  AND  THE  EARLY  PART  OF  TUNE. 


t-l 

-H 

> 

- 

.^O. 

*- 

"3 

^H 

^^ 

1—1 

i—  • 

r 

•^* 

*-*  ,— 

ffj 

1-1 

IH 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

E 

£  >  c 

D 

O- 

.0    01 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

<u 

X 

H 

I 

•5 
a 

•5 

rt 

•5 

rt 

1 

i«^ 

C/3 

zs 

55 

ft 

(7i 

55 

(7i 

(7J 

£c 

o 

Normal 

C? 

5 

9.8 

8 

8.2 

9.8 

ii 

46.8 

Low 

C? 

4 

13-8 

9.8 

9-4 

H 

47 

Normal 

9 

6 

8 

7 

9 

8 

9 

12 

53 

Low 

9 

5 

14.8 

8.8 

8.8 

11.6 

12.8 

56.8 

It  is  apparent  that  the  effect  of  temperature  on  the  dura- 
tion of  the  stages,  and  the  influence  of  temperature  in  deter- 
mining the  number  of  molts,  are  two  entirely  different  prob- 
lems. To  ascertain  what  effect  temperature  has  on  the  number 
of  molts  that  the  walking-stick  undergoes,  the  following  table 
should  be  examined : 

An  examination  of  Table  VI  shows  that  of  the  five  speci- 
mens reared  under  the  high  temperature,  three  molted  six 
times  and  not  a  single  individual  four  times;  also,  of  the  fif- 
teen Phasmids  that  were  kept  at  the  low  temperature,  five 
molted  four  times,  ten  five  times,  and  not  a  single  specimen 
six  times.  While  the  number  of  Diapheromera  kept  at  the  low 
and  high  temperatures  is  not  exceedingly  large,  still  these  re- 
sults show  that  a  high  temperature  has  a  tendency  to  increase 
the  number  of  molts,  while  a  low  temperature  decreases  the 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS. 


number.  In  a  previous  paper  (i)  attention  has  already  been 
called  to  the  fact  that  "we  have  reared  a  number  of  Diaphero- 
mera  which  were  hatched  on  the  same  day,  fed  with  the  same 
kind  of  food  and  kept  in  the  same  breeding  cages  throughout 
their  entire  life  history  under  exactly  the  same  kind  of  condi- 


TABLE  VI. 

PER  CENT.  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE  DIAPHEROMERA  FEMORATA  WHICH 
MOLTED  FOUR,  FIVE  OR  SIX  TIMES  UNDER  THE  DIFFERENT 
TEMPERATURES. 


u 

3 

IM 

O 

**"*  8  M 

*5 

•+•• 

UH 

1-   f   (J) 

tl 

u 

.g  s  w 

u 

1 

el 

3i2 

S'3'2 
||§ 

We 
V 
PL, 

High  25°-35°  C. 

5 

2C? 

40 

6 

ad1,  i  9 

60 

Normal 

4 

i8d".  5  9 

23 

5 

34  c?,  42  9 

76 

6 

i  9 

I 

Low 

4 

5  C? 

33  X 

5 

5d\5  9 

66% 

tions  of  temperature,  and  yet  some  specimens  molted  four 
times  while  others  molted  five  times."  The  effect  of  tempera- 
ture, therefore,  does  not  alone  explain  these  differences  in 
the  number  of  molts. 

Summary — A  low  temperature  lengthens,  while  a  Jiif/Ii  tem- 
perature shortens  on  an  average  the  interval  between  molts. 
A  lozv  temperature  has  a  tendency  to  decrease  the  number  of 
molts,  while  a  high  temperature  increases  the  number. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

1.  Severin,  H.  H.  P.,  and  Severin,  H.  C.,  1910.     The  Life  History  of 
the  Walking-Stick,  Diapheromera  femorata  Say.     Jour.  Econ.  Ent. 
IV,  No.  3,  pp.  307-320. 

2.  Sinety,  R.  de,  1900.    La  mue  chez  les  Phasmes  du  genre  Leptynia 
[Orthopt.].     Bull.  Soc.  ent.  Fr.  No.  n,  pp.  195-7. 


2O  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

Some  New  and  Little-known   Heteroptera  from  the 
Western  United  States. 

By  J.  R.  DE  LA  TORRE  BUENO,  White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

When  Professor  J.  M.  Aldrich  made  his  Western  trip  last 
year  to  look  for  Packard's  Ephydra  calif ornica,  he  most  kind- 
ly offered  to  endeavor  to  get  me  some  specimens  of  Uhler's 
Gerris  robust  us,  originally  described  from  Clear  Lake,  Cali- 
fornia. He  was  successful  not  only  in  his  own  particular 
quest,  but  also  in  securing  the  long-lost  Gerris,  and  together 
with  that  a  number  of  land  forms  which  he  most  obligingly 
permitted  me  to  work  up  for  him.  They  follow  with  appro- 
priate comment.  The  species,  it  should  be  noted,  are  typically 
Western  with  two  exceptions,  viz:  Harmostes  reflexulus  Say 
and  Brochymena  ^-pustulata  Fabr. 

Notonecta  indica  Linne. 

A  long  series  from  Garfield,  Utah,  and  Lake  Elsinore,  Cali- 
fornia, received  through  Prof.  J.  F.  Abbott,  who  has  the 
Corixas,  and  some  labelled  Smaller  Soda  Lake,  Nevada. 
These  are  very  interesting  habitats,  as  the  lakes  are  salt  or 
alkaline,  thus  tending  to  show  that  Notonecta  is  not  neces- 
sarily a  fresh  water  insect. 

Acanthia  xanthochila  Fieb. 

Lake  Elsinore,  California;  Soda  Lakes,  near  Hazen,  Pyra- 
mid Lake,  and  Winnemucca  Lake,  Nevada;  Garfield,  Utah. 

This  is  a  most  widespread  species,  and  is  practically  Holarc- 
tic  in  its  distribution.  The  twelve  specimens  taken  at  these 
various  places  are  typical. 

Acanthia  coriacea  Uhler. 

Brigham,  Utah.     One  specimen. 

Acanthia  polita  Uhler. 

Garfield,  Utah.     One  example. 

Acanthia  sp.  (near  saltatoria  L.). 

Highland  Springs  Lake.     Three  specimens. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  21 

Gerris  gillettei  L.  &  S. 
=Limnotrechus  prodiictus  Uhler.    Hem.  of  Colo. 

One  female  specimen  from  Garfield,  Utah,  on  brackish 
water.  This  agrees  in  every  particular  with  the  original  de- 
scription and  with  the  type  in  the  collection  of  the  Colorado 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of  Fort  Collins,  kindly  loan- 
ed to  me  for  study  by  Prof.  C.  P.  Gillette.  This  is  the  first 
authentic  record  of  the  species  since  it  was  first  described,  and 
serves  to  establish  its  character  as  a  good  species.  Its  chief 
superficial  character  separating  it  from  Gerris  (Limnotrechus} 
marginatus  Say,  lies  in  the  anal  cerci,  which  in  marginatus 
are  short  and  comparatively  stout,  while  in  gillettei  they  are 
long,  attaining  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen  and  comparative- 
ly slender. 

Gerris  robustus  Uhler. 

Four  apterous  males  and  one  female,  and  one  winged  male 
and  one  female,  from  Highland  Springs,  California.  Prof. 
Aldrich  writes  thus  about  the  locality :  "The  springs  that  give 
the  name  to  the  place  come  out  a  short  distance  from  the  sani- 
torium,  and  I  ran  down  there  with  my  net.  There  are  per- 
haps twenty  springs,  all  carbonated  that  I  saw,  and  they  make 
quite  a  little  stream.  On  this  there  were  a  few  skippers,  and  I 
got  half  a  dozen,  all  short  winged  but  large.  These  were  all  I 
could  get  for  you.  They  were  collected  about  ten  miles  from 
Clear  Lake,  and  as  near  as  I  can  remember  they  were  the  only 
skippers  I  saw  on  the  trip." 

It  may  be  readily  seen  from  the  preceding  that  while  not 
from  the  very  place  whence  Uhler  got  his  single  female  type, 
it  was  sufficiently  near  to  act  as  a  type  locality,  given  the 
wide  spread  of  the  Gerrids,  which  are  great  travelers.  The 
winged  female  in  structural  characters  agrees  with  Uhler's 
description,  but  not  so  in  color,  as  I  shall  explain  more  at 
length  elsewhere.  The  species  is  a  widespread  Western  form, 
which  has  come  into  my  hands  from  various  other  sources. 
Several  of  the  specimens  had  an  alkaline  crystalline  accretion 


22  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

on  the  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi,  doubtless  from  the  highly  charged 
water  on  which  they  lived. 

Rasahus  thoracicus. 

One  specimen  from  Santa  Monica,  California. 

Zelus   (Pindus)   occiduus  n.   sp. 

Belongs  in  the  sub-genus  Pindus  of  Stal,  which  is  charac- 
terized by  the  possession  of  four  black  spines  on  the  thorax, 
two  lateral  and  two  on  the  disc. 

Differs  from  Zelus  (Pindus}  socius  Uhler  in  having  the  ist  and  3d 
joints  of  the  antennae  subequal,  the  first  a  little  over  three  times  as 
long  as  the  second,  and  the  3d  somewhat  less  than  three  times  the 
second.  Proportion  of  antennal  joints  ist:  2d :  3d::  50:  16:  44.  Third 
joint  in  male  scarcely  stouter  than  2d  and  of  even  diameter  through- 
out ;  not  tapering. 

Rostrum  reaching  to  anterior  coxae;  joint  2  five  times  as  long  as 
i  and  more  than  six  times  as  long  as  3.  Proportions:  ist  joint:  2d: 
3d::  4:  20:  3. 

Hemelytra  with  the  main  corial  vein  whitish. 

Legs  slender,  femora  thickened  and  slightly  darker  toward  the  distal 
end;  femora  of  first  pair  of  legs  thickest  and  longest;  of  second  pair, 
thinnest  and  shortest ;  hind  femora  intermediate  in  thickness  and 
length. 

Proportions: — Anterior  femora:  middle:  posterior::  5.1  mm.-5.6 
mm. :  3.6  mm.-4  mm. :  5  mm.-54  mm. 

Head,  length:  2.6-2.5  mm.;  prothorax,  2.4-2.1  mm.;  scutellum, 
1.2-1  mm.;  abdomen,  length  from  tip  of  scutel ;  6.8-6.4  mm.;  total 
length,  13-12  mm.;  greatest  breadth  (abdomen)  2.6-2.4  mm.;  length: 
breadth: :  5:1. 

Described  from  two  males  taken  by  Prof.  J.  M.  Aldrich  at 
Owen's  Lake,  California,  July  27,  1911.  Cotypes  in  collec- 
tions of  J.  M.  Aldrich  and  mine. 

Lygaeus   reclivatus   Uhler. 

Owen's  Lake,  California,  two  specimens ;  Pyramid  Lake, 
Nevada,  one  specimen. 

Lygaeus  bicolor  H.  S. 

Santa  Monica,  California,  three  specimens. 

Largus  convivus   Stal. 

Santa  Monica,  California,  two  specimens. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  23 

Harmostes  reflexulus  Say. 

Winnemucca  Lake,  Nevada,  one  specimen. 

Alydus  setosus  Van  Duzee. 

'Santa    Monica,    California,    one    specimen,    apparently   first 
record  since  the  type. 

Anasa   ?  obliqua  Uhl. 

Santa  Monica,  California,  one  specimen. 

Brochymena    quadripustulata    Fabr. 
One  specimen  from  Brigham,  Utah. 


Antigeny   in   Nearctic    Butterflies    (LepicL). 
By  HENRY  SKINNER,  M.D.,  Sc.D. 

Antigeny  has  been  defined  as  sexual  dimorphism  and  it 
has  the  advantage  of  expressing  the  idea  in  one  word.  Many 
of  our  butterflies  show  marked  differences  in  appearance  be- 
tween the  sexes,  of  a  secondary  sexual  character,  and  while 
there  have  been  many  theories  to  account  for  these  differ- 
ences, none  of  them  appear  to  the  writer  to  be  very  satis- 
factory or  convincing.  There  is  a  great  difference  among  the 
various  species  as  to  the  degree  or  amount  of  antigeny  shown. 
In  some  cases  it  is  so  great  that  the  sexes  of  one  species  have 
not  infrequently  been  described  as  totally  different  species 
and  in  other  cases  the  differences  between  the  sexes  is  slight 
or  non-existent. 

Examples  of  marked  antigeny  are  shown  in  Arg\nnis  diana, 
Neophasia  tcrlooti,  Meganostoma  eurydice,  Pieris  amaryllis, 
Colias  christina,  Papilio  turnus,  Pamphila  zabulon  and  hobo- 
mok  and  others.  If  we  include  the  Hesperidae  about  one  sev- 
enth of  the  North  American  butterflies  may  be  said  to  show 
antigeny.  Whether  these  have  any  advantage  in  the  struggle 
for  existence  or  not,  I  will  not  discuss  in  this  article. 

In  the  large  genus  Argynnis  there  are  a  number  of  antige- 
netic  species  ....  diana,  idalia,  cybele,  nokomis,  leto, 


24  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

nitocris,  polaris  and  alberta.  Cybele  is  included  because  in 
some  parts  of  its  range  the  female  is  sometimes  white  or  cream 
color  but  ordinarily  the  sexes  are  marked  alike.  There  are 
no  striking  examples  in  Melitaca  except  that  in  palla  there 
is  a  melanic  female,  as  well  as  the  tawny  female.  In  Synchloe 
adjutri.v  there  are  two  kinds  of  males  and  two  kinds  of  fe- 
males, which  were  formerly  known  as  different  species. 

There  are  several  good  examples  in  the  Satyridae.  Debis 
creola  has  a  number  of  velvety  patches  on  the  fore-wing  in 
the  male.  Both  sexes  of  Coenonympha  haydeni  were  original- 
ly described  from  males,  but  there  are  marked  differences  in 
color  between  the  sexes,  so  that  they  may  be  distinguished  at 
a  glance.  Satyrus  gabbi  is  another  Satyrid  showing  sexual 
dimorphism. 

Thecla  laeta  is  the  most  marked  instance  in  its  genus.  In 
Lycaena  there  are  a  number  of  species  ....  heteronia, 
clara,  fulla,  pheres,  antiacis,  saepiolus,  battoides,  podarce,  scud- 
deri,  acmon,  pseudargiolus,  comyntas,  isola,  and  others  to  a 
lesser  degree.  L.  acmon  is  antigenetic,  and  a  very  closely  re- 
lated species  neurona  is  not.  Until  recently  the  two  species 
have  been  confused.  Which  orte  has  the  advantage  over  the 
other?  The  females  of  neurona  are  alike  in  appearance,  be- 
ing dark  brown.  In  the  genus  Chrysophanus  we  have  hel- 
loides,  rubidns,  sirius,  arota,  thoe,  mariposa  and  zeroe,  all  show- 
ing antigeny. 

In  the  Pieridae  are  a  number  of  examples,  including  Lep- 
talis  melite,  Neopha\sia  terlooti,  menapia,  Pieris  neumoegeni, 
amaryllis,  monuste  (often  has  a  melanic  female),  Anthocharis 
genutia,  Catopsilia  spp.  (which  often  have  white  females),  Me- 
ganostoma  caesonia,  eurydice.  Colias  also  shows  antigeny  in 
many  species.  Christina  has  a  yellow  and  a  white  female  and  C. 
bchri  is  also  a  good  example  of  diversity.  Perhaps  the  best 
example  in  Terias  is  mex'icana. 

In  Papilio  are  turnus,  polyxenes,  troilus  and  philenor. 

Most  of  the  Hesperidae  are  distinctly  antigenetic,  the  males 
being  of  a  bright  color  and  also  have  a  distinct  stigma,  brand 
or  sex  mark.  Pamphila  zabulon  has  the  female  dark  brown  and 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  25 

the  male  yellow  and  a  close  ally,  hobomok,  has  two  distinct 
forms  of  female. 

From  these  many  antigenetic  forms,  a  few  have  been  select- 
ed and  their  remarkable  difference  has  been  said  to  have  been 
brought  about  through  mimicking  another  species  which  is 
said  to  be  nauseous  to  birds.  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards  has  written 
a  very  interesting  account  of  Papilio  turnus  glaucus  and  it  may 
be  of  moment  to  briefly  refer  to  what  he  says  of  it. 

"Some  unknown  influence  caused  the  black  female  form  to 
appear  as  a  distinct  variety,  and  that,  owing  to  some  circum- 
stance, it  thereby  gained  an  advantage  over  its  rival,  which 
caused  it  finally  to  supplant  the  other."  There  is  one  state- 
ment in  the  above  that  is  not  correct.  The  black  female  has 
not  supplanted  the  other.  There  is  also  an  assumption  to 
which  I  take  exception.  Does  anyone  know  which  one  appear- 
ed first  and  why?  Many  species  have  a  black  or  blackish  fe- 
male. Pamphila  hobomok  is  the  exact  counterpart  of  turnus 
as  regards  trimorphism.  Lycaena  pseudargiolus  presents  an 
analogous  condition,  only  reversed,  as  it  has  two  kinds  of 
males,  a  black  one  and  a  blue  one.  This  is  also  true  in  a 
lesser  degree  of  Colias  philodice  which  rarely  has  a  melanic 
male.  Mr.  Edwards  impartially  presents  both  sides  of  the  ar- 
gument and  my  remarks  are  not  in  criticism  of  his  article. 
I  only  use  it  as  a  text.  He  found  no  evidence  that  the  heat 
of  summer  or  the  cold  of  winter  exerts  any  influence  in  caus- 
ing one  or  the  other  form  of  the  female.  He  also  mentions 
the  theory  of  protection  due  to  the  difference  in  color  be- 
tween the  females  and  thinks  the  gay  color  of  the  yellow  fe- 
male makes  it  an  easier  prey  of  birds.  He  elaborates  on  the 
bird  theory  but  in  relation  to  this  it  is  only  necessary  to  say 
that  the  Biological  Survey  has  examined  fifty  thousand  bird 
stomachs  and  only  found  butterflies  in  five  stomachs.  No  spe- 
cies of  butterflies  have  been  found  in  the  stomachs  of 
American  "Flycatchers."  He  further  says  "Papilio  pliilenor 
has  a  strong  disagreeable  scent,  and  it  has  been  suggested  by 
Mr.  Mead,  that  this  rendering  it  distasteful  to  birds  would 
serve  to  protect  other  black  species  flying  with  it."  The  dis- 


26  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

agreeable  scent  of  philenor  is  disputed  by  Scudder.  It  is  in- 
teresting to  know  that  Mr.  Mead  suggested  this  theory  at 
that  time.  Mr.  Edwards  accounts  for  the  scarcity  of  yellow 
females  in  West  Virginia  as  due  to  the  influence  of  birds. 

He  also  says,  however,  that  the  yellow  females  are  more 
numerous  than  the  black  in  Georgia  and  Florida.  Attention 
is  also  called  to  the  fact  that  in  certain  places  in  the  moun- 
tains of  the  south  the  black  females  are  not  found. 

Jeheber*  believes  that  glaucus  is  the  result  of  the  larva  feed- 
ing on  "diseased  food,  the  leaves  being  sprinkled  over  with  fine 
black  spots  and  completely  covered  with  a  gummy  substance." 
While  this  seems  unlikely  it  has  not  been  disproved. 

Turnus  is  found  from  the  Gulf  of  M'exico  to  the  latitude 
of  the  Yukon  River  in  Alaska  and  possibly  still  further  north. 
If  we  consider  the  topomorph  rutulus  as  the  same  species,  and 
I  believe  it  is,  the  species  also  flies  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  The  evidence  in  favor  of  glaucus  being  brought 
about  by  mimicry  is  almost  nil,  while  the  evidence  against  it 
is  very  considerable.  The  species  swarms  in  countless  thou- 
sands in  the  north  where  glaucus  does  not  exist.  In  early 
July  along  the  line  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  in  On- 
tario, I  have  seen  the  species  in  immense  numbers,  far  more 
plentiful  than  I  have  ever  observed  it  in  the  south  where 
glaucus  is  found.  The  species  shows  a  remarkable  instance 
of  trimorphism,  but  there  are  a  number  of  cases  of  like  char- 
acter in  butterflies  and  other  insects. 

As  mentioned  above  Pamphila  hobomok  is  an  exact  counter- 
part of  turnus  in  this  respect.  The  male  is  tawny  and  there 
is  a  female  like  the  male  in  appearance  and  another  female  that 
is  black  or  dark  brown,  and  analogous  to  the  dimorphic  glaucus. 
There  is  still  another  remarkable  example  of  antigeny  in  Ly- 
caena  pseudargiolus,  but  in  this  case  the  males  are  different  in 
appearance,  the  one  being  blue  and  the  other  black.  This  is 
the  only  instance  I  recall  of  the  males  being  dimorphic  unless 
it  be  in  the  black  male  of  Coiias  philodice  that  rarely  occurs. 

*Ent.  News.  Vol.  16,  p.  in,  1905. 


Vol.    XXlV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  27 

Strange  to  say  the  black  male  of  pseudargiolus  is  found  in  about 
the  same  territory  as  glaucus  and  this  would  make  one  think 
that  it  was  also  climatic  in  origin.  The  comparative  absence 
of  glaucus  in  the  mountains  and  also  north  of  latitude  43  would 
also  indicate  a  climatic  influence. 

What  is  the  cause  of  the  extraordinary  antigeny  seen  in 
Neophasia  terlooti?  The  male  in  this  species  is  white  and  the 
female  orange.  The  female  of  the  species  was  once  sent  to  me 
as  a  "little  Danais"  and  it  really  looks  like  one.  Here  would 
be  a  good  opportunity  to  build  up  a  mimicry  theory.  Who 
can  tell  the  true  meaning  of  antigeny  among  insects?  There 
has  not  been  put  forth  a  single  explanation  that  has  stood  any 
logical  analysis.  In  regard  to  the  black  male  of  Lycaena  pseu- 
dargiolus one  would  think  that  if  it  were  produced  by  mimicry 
and  so  wonderfully  protected  that  it  would  be  more  plentiful 
in  the  range  of  the  species  where  it  is  found. 

If  the  mimetic  origin  of  antigenetic  species  accounts  for 
them  it  would  seem  logical  to  think  that  in  time  all  species  will 
become  dimorphic.  At  present,  however,  I  see  no  reason  for 
believing  that  the  antigenetic  species  have  any  advantage  over 
those  having  similar  appearing  sexes.  The  females  are  pro- 
tected by  the  great  difference  of  habit  in  many  of  them.  This 
is  shown  in  Ornithoptera  brookeana,  in  many  species  of  Ar- 
gynnis,  and  in  other  butterflies.  This  is  also  well  illustrated 
in  our  collections  where  the  males  of  species  of  butterflies 
greatly  outnumber  the  females.  This  comes  from  the  differ- 
ence in  habit  of  the  females.  Is  it  logically  correct  to  build  up 
mimicry  theories  to  explain  antigeny  in  a  few  butterflies  and 
ignore  equally  as  well  marked  cases  of  antigeny  in  other 
species  ? 

Change  of  Address. 

Prof.  C.  F.  Baker,  of  the  Department  of  Biology  of  Pomona  College, 
has  resigned  to  accept  a  professorship  in  the  University  of  the  Phil- 
ippines. He  will  be  located  at  the  College  of  Agriculture  Los  Banos, 
Philippine  Islands.  He  is  accompanied  by  his  Cuban  collector,  Julian 
Valdez. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 


[The  Conductors  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  solicit  and  will  thank- 
fully receive  items  of  news  likely  to  interest  its  readers  from  any  source. 
The  author's  name  will  be  given  in  each  case,  for  the  information  of 
cataloguers  and  bibliographers.] 


TO  CONTRIBUTORS. — All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience,  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  has  reached 
a  circulation,  both  in  numbers  and  circumference,  as  to  make  it  neces- 
sary to  put  "copy"  into  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  each  number,  four 
weeks  before  date  of  issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
or  important  matter  for  a  certain  issue.  Twenty-five  "extras,"  without 
change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free,  when  they  are 
wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired,  this  should  be  stated 
on  the  MS.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowledged.  Proof  will 
be  sent  to  authors  for  correction  only  when  specially  requested. — Ed. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  JANUARY,    1913. 


As  the  New  Year  opens  and  the  winter  season  gives  some 
respite  from  field  work,  and  perhaps  some  leisure  to  think  over 
plans  for  the  future,  some  of  our  readers  may  find  helpful 
suggestions  in  the  following  sentences,  even  though  now  nearly 
two  years  old,  from  Professor  Gerould : 

A  rich  field  for  conquest  awaits  any  one  who  chooses  to  leave  the 
beaten  tracks  of  entomology  and  scout  among  the  fastnesses  of  ex- 
perimental evolution.  When  one  considers  the  remarkable  results 
that  have  been  accomplished  single-handed  by  such  observers  as  Stand- 
fuss,  Tower,  Doncaster  and  T.  H.  Morgan,  not  to  mention  many 
others,  the  possibilities  achieved  in  this  field  if  the  huge  army  of  ob- 
servers already  interested  in  insects  should  attack  in  an  organized 
way  the  problems  of  variation,  the  inheritance  of  acquired  characters, 
mutation  and  natural  selection,  polymorphism  and  sex,  mimicry  and 
protective  resemblance,  can  hardly  be  overestimated.  Desultory  ob- 
servations of  the  strolling  naturalist  will  not  help  much  in  this  con- 
quest, but  long-continued  breeding  of  carefully  selected  strains  under 
well-controlled  conditions  cannot  fail  to  win  valuable  results. 

Entomological  societies  and  journals  of  the  future,  in  order  to  con- 
tribute effectively  to  the  real  advancement  of  science  should  organize 
co-operative  plans  of  research  along  these  lines  and  enlist  the  services 
of  the  countless  observers  whose  random  notes  now  fill  their  ar- 
chives.—  (Science,  February  24,  1911,  page  310). 

28 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  2Q 

Those  who  make  use  of  the  Entomological  Literature  will 
notice  a  few  changes  which  the  compilers  thought  to  be  ad- 
vantageous. Beginning  with  this  issue,  papers  treating  of  the 
Arachnida  and  Myriopoda  will  be  included,  and  further,  the 
papers  of  a  purely  or  partially  systematic  nature  will  be  group- 
ed separately  at  the  end  of  their  respective  classes  or  orders. 
These  changes,  we  hope,  will  be  to  the  advantage  of  those  who 
have  use  for  this  section  of  our  journal. 


Notes    and    Ne\vs. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   GLEANINGS   FROM    ALL   QUARTERS 
OP    THE    GLOBE. 

Color  of  Hemiptera. 

The  bright  coloration  of  most  Hemiptera  is  due  to  a  fatty  tissue 
known  as  pseudovitellus,  and  this  tissue  invades  the  developing  egg 
at  an  early  stage  of  maturation.  ...  Dr.  Buchner,  "Studien  an 
intracellularen  Symbionten"  (part  I.,  Archiv  f.  Protistenkunde,  vol. 
xxvi,  1912),  has  taken  up  the  detailed  study  of  the  range  and  nature 
of  this  form  of  symbiosis,  and  he  gives  a  very  interesting  and  well- 
illustrated  account  of  his  recherches.  (Nature,  Oct.  17,  1912,  p.  197.) 

The  Insects'  Homer. 

Under  the  heading  of  the  "Insects'  Homer"  Mr.  Maurice  Maeter- 
linck directs  attention  in  the  September  issue  of  The  Fortnightly  Review* 
to  a  little-known  work  by  J.  H.  Fabre,  in  ten  volumes,  entitled  "Sou- 
venirs entomologiques."  ...  In  these  volumes,  from  which  copius 
extracts  are  given,  Fabre  recorded  the  results  of  fifty  years  of  obser- 
vations, study  and  experiment  on  a  number  of  insects,  including  wasps 
and  wild  bees,  certain  gnats,  flies,  beetles,  and  caterpillars. 

(Nature,    Oct.    17.    1912,    p.    106) 

Caterpillars  and  the  Weather. 

[The  Entomologist  of  the  Utah  Agricultural  College  Experiment 
Station,  Mr.  E.  G.  Titus,  sends  the  copy  of  the  following  letter  re- 
ceived in  his  Station  correspondence.] 

"i  Nov.  1912.  I  would  like  to  know  if  in  your  opinion  the  presence 
of  a  very  unusual  number  of  caterpillars  this  fall  has  any  bearing  on 
the  weather,  either  past  or  future. 

We  have  had  a  cold  and  wet  spring  and  an  early  and  wet  fall  here 
this  year.  Do  you  think  the  presence  of  caterpillars  is  beneficial  or 
detrimental  to  the  soil?  G.  M." 


3O  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

Feltia  venerabilis  arida  n.  subsp.   (L-epidop.) 

Male  differs  from  typical  venerabilis  by  the  very  white  patagia, 
contrasting  with  the  dark  collar ;  yellowish-white  abdomen ;  creamy- 
white  ground  color  of  anterior  wings,  the  dark  markings  contrasting ; 
and  the  white  hind  wings.  Holland's  figure  26,  pi.  XXII.  in  the 
Moth  Book,  is  an  approach  to  arida,  agreeing  in  the  general  color  of 
the  wings,  but  our  moth  is  paler,  and  the  abdomen  and  collar  differ. 
The  type  of  arida  from  Boulder,  Colorado,  end  of  September,  1912, 
has  been  placed  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. — T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL. 


Entomological    Literature. 

COMPILED   BY   E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR.,    AND   J.    A.    G.   REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  la  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining-  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
In  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting  those 
appearing1  in  the  January  and  February  issues,  which  are  generally  dated 
the  year  previous. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  record  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

4 — The  Canadian  Entomologist.  5 — Psyche,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
7 — U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Entomology.  8 — 
The  Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine,  London.  9 — The  Ento- 
mologist, London.  10 — Nature,  London.  11 — Annals  and  Maga- 
zine of  Natural  History,  London.  22 — Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  Leip- 
zig. 35 — Annales,  Societe  Entomologiqtte  de  Belgique.  37 — Le 
Naturaliste  Canadien,  Quebec.  38 — Wiener  Entomologische  Zei- 
tung.  40 — Societas  Entomologica,  Zurich.  46 — Tijdschrift  voor 
Entomologie.  79 — La  Nature,  Paris.  84 — Entomologische  Rund- 
schau. 89—  Zoologische  Jahrbucher,  Jena.  97 — Zeitschrift  fur  wis- 
senschaftliche  Zoologie,  Leipzig.  109 — Proceedings,  Royal  Society 
of  Queensland,  Brisbane.  119 — Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte,  Ber- 
lin. 159— Bollettino,  Laboratorio  di  zoologia  generate  e  agraria 
della  R.  S.  Superiore  d'Agricoltura  in  Portici.  166 — Internationale 
Entomologische  Zeitschrift,  Guben.  175— Aus  der  Natur,  Berlin. 
190 — Deutsche  Entomologische  Zeitschrift  "Iris,"  Dresden.  193— 
Entomologische  Blatter,  Cassel.  198 — biological  Bulletin,  Marine 
Biological  Laboratory,  Woods  Hole,  Mass.  211 — Popular  Science 
Monthly,  Lancaster,  Pa.  217 — Bulletin,  Societe  Entomologique 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  3! 

d'Egypte.  220 — New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  New 
Brunswick.  223 — Broteria,  Revista  de  Sciencias  Naturaes  do  Col- 
legio  de  S.  Fiel.  (Ser.  Zoologica).  238 — Annales,  Sociedad  Cienti- 
fica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires.  240 — Maine  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Station,  Orono.  244 — Zeitschrift,  Induktive  Abstammungs 
und  Vererbungslehre,  Berlin.  273 — Proceedings,  Royal  Physical 
Society....,  Edinburgh.  276 — Bulletin,  Societe  Lepidopterologique 
de  Geneve.  324 — Journal  of  Animal  Behavior,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
364 — Biologica,  Journal  Scientifique  du  Medecin,  Paris.  365 — Col- 
lections Zoologiques  du  Baron  Edm.  de  Selys  Lonchamps,  Bru- 
xelles.  368 — The  Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  State  Commission  of 
Horticulture,  Sacramento,  Cal.  369 — Entomologische  Mitteilungen, 
Berlin-Dahlen.  381 — Experiment  Station  Record,  Washington,  D. 
C.  399 — Proceedings  of  the  Cambridge  Philosophical  Society, 
Cambridge,  England.  400 — Die  Fauna  der  deutschen  Kolonien, 
Berlin.  401 — Catalogue  of  the  Lepidoptera  Phalaenae  in  the  British 
Museum,  London.  402 — University  of  California  Publications  in 
Zoology,  Berkeley,  Cal.  403 — Country-Side,  a  Monthly  Magazine 
Devoted  to  Nature,  London.  404 — Report  of  the  Quebec  Society 
for  the  Protection  of  Plants.  405' — University  of  Toronto  Studies, 
Biological  Series.  406 — Boletin  del  Museo  Nacional  de  Chile,  San- 
tiago de  Chile.  407 — Journal  of  Genetics,  Cambridge,  England. 
408 — Dominion  of  Canada  Department  of  Agriculture  Experimental 
Farms,  Division  of  Entomology,  Ottawa. 

GENERAL  SUBJECT.  Amans,  Dr.— En  flanant,  Causeries 
d'aviation,  79,  xl,  386-390.  Anon. — Economic  entomology,  381, 
xxvii,  355-361,  452-460.  Anon. — Kurzer  bericht  ueber  den  verlanf 
des  6.  Sachsischen  entomologentages  in  Chemnitz,  84,  xxix,  134. 
Anon. — Myases  et  resistance  des  mouches.  La  respiration  des  in- 
sectes.  La  cigale  de  17  ans,  364,  ii,  314-316.  Aulmann,  G. — Die 
schadlinge  der  kulturpflanzen.  Heft  4.  Die  schadlinge  der  baum- 
wolle,  400,  v,  1-166.  Bervoets,  R. — Note  preliminaire  sur  le  vol 
des  insectes,  35,  Ivi,  348-350.  Braun,  M. — Das  mitteldarmepithel 
der  insektenlarven  wahrend  der  hautung,  97,  ciii,  115-169.  Brocher, 
F. — Recherches  sur  la  respiration  des  insectes  aquatiques  (imagos), 
Nepe,  Hydrophile,  Notonecte,  Dyticides,  Haemonia,  Elmides,  407, 
xxvii,  91-93  (cont.).  Brues,  C.  T. — Insects  as  agents  in  the  spread 
of  disease,  211,  Ixxxi,  537-550.  Courvorsier,  L.  G. — Einige  gedan- 
ken  ueber  typen,  stammformen,  varietaeten,  subspezies,  rassen  und 
aberrationen,  369,  i,  354-363.  Daugherty  &  Daugherty. — Principles 
of  economic  Zoology.  W.  B.  Saunders  Co.,  Phila..  1912,  410  pp. 
Fraser,  W.  P.' — The  economic  importance  of  land  birds,  404,  iv, 
44-55.  Fyles,  T.  W.— Our  insect  and  other  allies,  404,  iv,  28-32. 
Glaser,  R.  W. — A  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  the  function  of 


32  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

the  oenocytes  of  insects,  198,  xxiii,  213-224.  Hewitt,  C.  G.— The 
international  congress  of  entomology,  4,  1912,  343-346.  Hoffmann, 
F- — Ein  empfehlenswerter  billiger  zuchtapparat  fur  winterzuchter, 
84,  xxix,  137-138.  Lochhead,  W. — Insects  injurious  to  farm,  garden 
and  orchard  crops,  404,  iv,  71-95.  L.  C.  M.— The  biology  of  the 
iig-tree  and  its  insect  guests,  10,  xc,  310-311.  McFarland,  J.— 
Biology:  general  and  medical.  W.  B.  Saunders  Co.,  Phila.,  1910, 
440  pp.  Morley,  C. — The  cause  of  "humming  in  the  air,"  8,  1912, 
259-262.  Popenoe,  C.  H. — Insects  injurious  to  mushrooms,  7,  Circ. 
155,  10  pp.  Sanderson  &  Jackson. — Elementary  Entomology.  Ginn 
&  Co.,  1912,  372  pp.  Steche,  O.— Die  "sekundaren"  geschlechts- 
charaktere  der  insekten  und  das  problem  der  vererbung  des  ge- 
schlechts,  244,  vii,  284-291.  Turner,  C.  H.— Literature  for  1911 
on  the  behavior  of  spiders  and  insects  other  than  ants,  324,  ii,  380- 
399.  Weiss  &  Patterson. — Nursery  insects,  220,  Circ.  15,  29  pp. 


Meyrick,  E. — On  impossible  specific  names,  8,  1912,  253-255. 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Foa,  A.— Movimenti  degli  ovidotti  e  con- 
seguente  metabolia  delle  uova  negli  Acaridi,  22,  xl,  341-345.  Har- 
vey, W. — Book  scorpions  in  captivity,  403,  iv,  432-438.  Ivanic,  M. 
— Ueber  die  lungenentwicklung  bei  dipneumonen  araneinen,  22, 
xl,  283-289. 

MYRIOPODA.  Porter,  C.  E.— Introduccon  al  esludio  de  los 
miriopodos:  1.  Catalogo  de  las  especies  chilenas,  406,  iv,  16-68. 
Catalogo  de  las  especies  espuestas  al  publico  en  la  seccion  de 
invertebrados  (escliudos  los  insectos)  del  museo  nacional,  406, 
iv,  110-113  (cont.). 

APTERA  AND  NEUROPTERA.  Campion,  F.  W.  &  H.— The 
feeding  habits  of  scorpion-flies  (Panorpidae),  9,  1912,  321-322. 
Roy,  E. — La  ponte  des  libellules,  37,  xxxix,  49-52.  Russell,  H.  M. 
— The  bean  thrips  (Heliothrips  fasciatus),  7,  Bui.  118,  49  pp. 


Evans,  W. — Note  on  Mallophaga  from  the  Little  Auk  or  Rotchie 
(Alle  alle)  with  list  of  species  taken  on  birds  and  mammals  in 
the  Forth  area,  273,  xviii,  265-276.  Navas,  L. — Neuropteros  nuevos 
de  America  (cont.).  Ascalafidos  Sudamericanos,  223,  x,  194-233. 
Ris,  F. — Libellulinen  6.  Catalogue  systematique  et  descriptif,  365, 
Fasc.  xiv,  701-836.  Silvestri,  F. — Nuovi  generi  e  nuove  specie  di 
Campodeidae  (Thysanura)  dell'America  settentrionale,  159,  vi,  25. 
Tisanuri  finora  noti  del  Messico,  159,  vi.  204-221.  Walker, 
E.  M. — The  No.  American  dragon  flies  of  the  genus  "Aeshna," 
405,  No.  11,  213  pp. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Brindley,  H.  H.— The  proportions  of  the 
sexes  in  "Forficula  auricularia,"  399,  xvi,  674-679.  Bryant,  H.  C. 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  33 

— Birds  in  relation  to  a  grasshopper  outbreak  in  California,  402, 
xi,  1-20.  Glaser,  R.  W. — Note  on  a  pink  locustid,  5,  xix,  159. 
Guerin,  R. — Precede  biologique  de  destruction  des  sauterelles,  79, 
xl,  341-343.  Karny,  H. — Ueber  die  reduktion  der  flugorgane  bei 
den  O.  Ein  beitrag  zu  Dollo's  Irreversibilitatsgesetz,  89,  xxxiii, 
27-40.  Regen,  J. — Experimented  untersuchungen  ueber  das  ge- 
hor  von  "Liogryllus  campestris,"  22,  xl,  305-316.  Caudell,  A.  N.— 
Notes  on  the  mantid  genus  "Gonatista,"  5,  xix,  160-162. 

HEMIPTERA.  Chapais,  J.  C.— The  New  York  plum  scale 
(Lecanium  cerasifex)  in  Quebec,  404,  iv,  60-63.  Klodnitski,  I,— 
Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  des  generationswechsels  bei  einigen  Aphi- 
didae,  89,  xxxiii,  445-520.  Mann,  W.  M. — A  protective  adaptation 
in  a  Brazilian  membracid,  5,  xix,  145-147.  Patch,  E.  M. —  (See  be- 
low.)   

Breddin,  G. — Zwei  neue  neotropische  Pentatomiden-gattungen, 
119,  Abt.  A,  H.  6,  90-93.  Hemiptera  tria  Neotropica,  369,  i,  351- 
354.  Patch,  E.  M. — Elm  leaf  curl  and  woolly  apple  aphid  (Schi- 
zoneura  americana  and  lanigera),  240,  Bui.  203,  236-258.  Sasscer, 
E.  R. — Catalogue  of  recently  described  Coccidae — IV,  7,  Tech. 
Ser.  16,  83-97.  Van  Duzee,  E.  P. — Synonymy  of  the  Provancher 
collection  of  Hemiptera,  4,  1912,  317-329. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Andres,  A.— Note  sur  un  ravageur  de  la  noix 
du  Cotonnier  (Gelechia  gossypiella)  nouveau  pour  1'Egypte,  217, 
1911,  119-123.  Dewitz,  J.' — Ueber  die  entstehung  der  farbe  der 
kokons  gewisser  L.  (Lasiocampa  quercus),  22,  xl,  396-399.  Don- 
caster,  L. — The  chromosomes  in  the  oogenesis  and  spermatogene- 
sis  of  "Pieris  brassicae"  and  in  the  oogenesis  of  "Abraxas  grossu- 
lariata,"  407,  ii,  189-200.  Edelsten,  H.  M.— Notes  on  the  life-his- 
tories of  "Tapinostola  concolor"  and  "T.  hellmanni,"  9,  1912,  285- 
287.  Hudson,  G.  V. — Notes  on  semi-apterous  females  in  certain 
species  of  L.,  with  an  attempted  explanation,  8,  1912,  269-272. 
Hyslop,  J.  A. — The  alfalfa  looper  (Autographa  gamma  californica) 
in  the  pacific  northwest,  7,  Bui.  95,  109-118.  Kopec,  S. — Ueber 
die  funktionen  des  nervensystems  der  schmetterlinge  wahrend  der 
successive!!  stadien  ihrer  metamorphose,  22,  xl,  353-360.  Linstow, 
Prof. — Zur  anatomic  und  physiologic  der  puppen  unserer  macro- 
Icpidopteren,  166,  vi,  199-200  (cont.).  Lochhead,  W. — The  brown- 
tail  moth  (a  pest  threatening  Quebec),  404,  iv,  33-34.  Pictet,  A.— 
Rechercher  sur  le  nombre  de  mues  subies  par  les  chenilles  de 
"Lasiocampa  quercus,"  276,  ii,  80-89.  La  variation  des  L.  par 
melanisrne  et  albinisme  des  differentes  parties  de  1'aile,  276,  ii, 
104-141.  Schulze,  P. — Eine  tagfalterraupe  mit  pedes  spurii  coro- 
nati,  22,  xl,  293-294. 


34  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Notes  on  Seitz's  "Macrolepidoptera  of  the 
World,"  9,  1912,  322-323.  Courvoisier,  Dr. — Zur  nomenklatur  der 
"Lycaena  Argus"  gruppe,  166,  vi,  213-215  (cont.)-  Giacomelli,  E. 
— Lepidopteros  Riojanos  ntievos  o  poco  conocidos,  238,  Ixxii, 
19-40.  Hampson,  G.  F. — Catalogue  of  the  Noctuidae  in  the  col- 
lection of  the  British  Museum,  401,  xi,  689  pp.  Reverdin,  J.  L. — 
Notes  sur  le  genre  "Hesperia,"  276,  ii,  141-172.  Schaus,  W.^-New 
species  of  Heterocera  from  Costa  Rica — XVIII,  11,  x,  509-532. 
Schrottky,  C. — Zwei  neue  Syntomiden  von  Nord-Argentinien,  190, 
1912,  166.  Winn,  A.  F.— A  preliminary  list  of  the  insects  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  404,  Suppl.  to  IV,  103  pp.  Woodworth,  C.  W. 
— Check  list  of  California  insects,  III.  L.  (continued),  368,  i,  914- 
919. 

DIPTERA.  Colledge,  W.  R.— Notes  on  a  brush-tongued  mos- 
quito (of  Queensland),  109,  xxiii,  121-190.  Compere,  G. — A  few 
facts  concerning  the  fruit  flies  of  the  world,  368,  i,  842-845,  907- 
911.  Hetschko,  A. — Biologisches  ueber  "Apistomyia  elegans,"  38, 
xxxi,  305-307.  Die  metamorphose  von  "Liponeura  cinerascens," 
38,  xxxi,  319-325.  Morgan,  T.  H.— A  modification  of  the  sex  ratio, 
and  other  ratios,  in  Drosophila  thru  linkage,  244  vii,  323-345. 
Paine,  J.  H. — The  yellow  currant  fly  or  gooseberry  fruit  fly 
(Epochra  canadensis),  5,  xix,  139-144.  The  house  fly  in  its  relation 
to  city  garbage,  5,  xix,  156-159.  Rennie,  J. — Note  upon  a  Tachinid 
parasite  (Bucentes  geniculatus)  of  "Tipula  sp.,"  273,  xviii,  231- 
234.  Wesche,  W. — The  phylogeny  of  the  nemocera,  with  notes  on 
the  leg  bristles,  hairs  and  certain  mouth  glands  of  Diptera,  198, 
xxiii,  250-270.  

Alexander,  C.  P.— New  sp.  of  "Furcomyia"  (Tipulidae),  4,  1912, 
333-343.  Enderlein,  G. — Ueber  die  gruppierung  der  Sciariden  und 
Scatopsiden,  22,  xl,  261-282.  Johnson,  C.  W. — New  and  interesting 
D.,  5,  xix,  151-153.  Kieffer,  J.  J. — Description  de  quatre  nou- 
veaux  insectes  exotiques,  159,  vi,  171-175.  de  Meijere,  J.  C.  H. — 
Neue  beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Conopiden,  46,  Iv,  184-207. 

COLEOPTERA.  Blunck,  H.— Das  geschlechtsleben  des  "Dy- 
tiscus  marginalis."  Die  begattung,  97,  cii,  169-248.  Chittenden, 
F.  H. — The  cowpea  weevil  (Pachymerus  chinensis),  7,  Bui.  96, 
83-94.  Hochreuther,  R. — Die  hautsinnesorgane  von  "Dytiscus  mar- 
ginalis," ihr  bau  und  ihre  verbreitung  am  korper,  97,  ciii,  1-114. 
Kern,  P. — Ueber  die  fortpflanzung  und  eibildung  bei  einigen  Cara- 
ben,  22,  xl,  345-351.  Krizenecky,  J. — Zur  kenntnis  der  regenera- 
tionsfahigkeit  der  puppenflugelanlagen  von  "Tenebrio  molitor" 
und  einige  bemerkungen. . . .,  22,  xl,  360-369.  Ueber  die  einwirkung 
des  allseitigen  druckes  bei  der  puppenentwicklung  von  "Tenebrio 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  35 

molitor,"  193,  viii,  255-261  (cont).  Urban,  C.— Zur  lebensgeschichte 
des  "Anthocomus  rufus,"  369,  i,  331-338. 

Bickhardt,  H.— Neue  Histeriden,  46,  Iv,  217-233.  Blatchley,  W. 
S. — On  some  undescribed  forms  of  Florida  C.,  4,  1912,  330-332. 
Frost,  C.  A.— Variations  of  "Orsodachna  atra,"  5,  xix,  153-156. 
Heller,  K.  M. — Faunistische  und  systematische  notizen  ueber  rus- 
selkafer,  369,  i,  364-365  (cont.).  Nunenmacher,  F.  W.— Studies 
amongst  the  Coccinellidae,  No.  3  (taken  by  the  Stanford  Expe- 
dition to  Brazil,  1911),  5,  xix,  149-151.  Pic,  M.— Coleopterorum 
catalogus,  Pars  48:  Anobiidae,  92  pp.  Schaeffer,  C.— The  species 
of  the  coleopterous  family  Temnochilidae  collected  on  the  Stan- 
ford Expedition  to  Brazil,  1911.  5,  xix,  147-149.  Sicard,  Dr. — De- 
scriptions d'especes  et  varietes  nouvelles  de  Coccinellides  de  la 
collection  du  Deutsches  Entomologisches  Museum  de  Berlin-Dah- 
len,  119,  Abt.  A,  H.  6,  129-138. 

HYMENOPTERA.  Casteel,  D.  B.— The  manipulation  of  the 
wax  scales  of  the  honey  bee,  7,  Circ.  161,  13  pp.  Essig,  E.  O. — 
The  raspberry  horn-tail  (Hartigia  abdominalis),  368,  i,  889-901. 
Hewitt,  C.  G. — The  large  larch  sawfly  (Nematus  erichsonii),  408, 
Bui.  10,  42  pp.  Lochhead,  W. — Bees  as  friends  of  the  agriculturist, 
404,  iv,  64-70.  L.  C.  M. — New  observations  on  bumble-bees,  10, 
xc,  252.  Mann,  W.  M. — Literature  for  1911  on  the  behavior  of  ants 
and  myrmecophiles,  324,  ii,  400-420.  de  Meijere,  J.  C.  H. — Ueber 
in  Equisetum  parasitierende  insekten,  "Dolerus  palustris"  and  "Ba- 
gous  claudicans,"  46,  iv,  208-216.  Zander,  E. — Die  biologische  eigen- 
art  der  honigbiene,  175,  ix,  115-122. 


Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Descriptions  and  records  of  bees— XLVII, 
11,  x,  484-494.  Enslin,  E.— Ueber  "Tenthredo  (Allantus)  albi- 
ventris  und  trivittata,"  sowie  ueber  einige  namensanderungen  bei 
"Tenthredo"  und  "Tenthredella,"  119,  Abt.  A,  H.  6,  101-105. 
Friese,  H. — Neue  und  wenig  bekannte  bienenarten  der  neotropi- 
schen  region,  119,  Abt.  A,  H.  6,  198-226.  Meade-Waldo,  G. — 
Notes  on  the  Apidae  in  the  collection  of  the  British  Museum,  with 
descriptions  of  new  species,  11,  x,  461-478.  Morley,  C.' — A  revision 
of  the  Ichneumonidae  based  on  the  collection  in  the  Br.  Museum. 
Pt.  I:  Ophionides  &  Metopiides,  88  pp.  Schmiedeknecht,  O.— 
Opuscula  ichneumonologica,  Tryphoninae,  Fasc.  xxxii,  2483-2562. 
Strand,  E. — Ueber  exotische  schlupfwespen,  119,  Abt.  A,  Heft  6, 
24-75. 

REVIEWS. 

The  long-expected  SPIDER  BOOK  by  J.  H.  COMSTOCK  appears  as  one 
of   Doubleday   and    Page's    series   of    popular    Natural    History   books, 


36  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

best  known  to  entomologists  by  the  Butterfly  Book  of  W.  J.  Holland. 
In  convenient  size  and  at  moderate  price  it  well  fills  the  place  of  the 
scarce  and  expensive  work  of  McCook,  published  twenty  years  ago. 
The  first  chapters,  occupying  about  one-eighth  of  the  book,  treat  of 
Arachnida  in  general  and  their  relations  to  other  Arthropoda,  fol- 
lowed by  an  account  of  the  orders  of  segmented  Arachnida  and  tht 
Mites.  The  remainder  of  the  book  is  devoted  to  the  Araneida  or 
Spiders  proper.  About  a  hundred  pages  are  occupied  with  anatomy 
and  general  habits  illustrated  by  instructive  diagrams  and  detailed 
figures  of  internal  organs  and  external  parts. 

A  new  study  has  been  made  of  the  male  palpi  which  furnishes  a 
useful  key  to  the  complications  of  these  peculiar  organs.  Beginning 
with  Filistata  and  Eurypelma  which  have  a  simple  bulb  on  the  end 
of  the  palpus  terminating  in  a  short  tube,  it  passes  to  Atypus  and 
Pachygnatha  in  which  the  tube  is  accompanied  by  an  appendage  lying 
parallel  to  it,  and  from  these  to  the  complicated  palpi  of  Linyphia 
and  Epeira.  In  the  latter  the  terminal  joint  of  the  palpus  is  modified 
into  a  hollow  "cymbium"  in  which  the  palpal  organ  is  partly  enclosed 
with  sometimes  a  "paracymbium"  often  of  characteristic  form,  articu- 
lated at  one  side.  The  palpal  organ  is  here  shown  to  consist  of  basal, 
middle  and  apical  divisions  each  of  which  may  develop  chitinous  ap- 
pendages. The  illustrations  and  system  of  names  furnish  means  for 
comparing  palpi  of  different  species  and  in  different  conditions.  In 
these  studies  of  details  the  palpi  were  expanded  and  made  transparent 
by  well  known  methods,  but  it  is  hoped  the  reader  will  not  be  led  to 
the  conclusion  that  all  palpi  need  to  be  prepared  in  this  way  for 
ordinary  comparison. 

A  feature  of  the  book  is  the  abundance  of  photographic  illustrations 
both  of  spiders  themselves  and  of  their  webs,  especially  the  round 
webs  and  those  of  the  Cribellata.  Particularly  good  are  the  webs  of 
Theridiosoma  and  of  Epeira  labyrinthca  and  the  enlarged  threads  of 
Epeira,  Amaurobius  and  Filistata.  The  webs  of  Linyphia  and  Thcri- 
diuin  are  less  successful  but  there  are  several  good  ones  of  Agalena 
and  Tegenaria.  The  spiders  were  photographed  from  life  or  were 
killed  by  cyanide  and  then  spread  and  photographed  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. Some  of  the  most  successful  are  Herpylhts  ecclcsiasticns  p.  318, 
Gnaphosa  gigantca  on  its  egg  cocoon  p.  321,  Aranea  frondosa  pp.  488 
and  485,  Aranea  nordmanni  p.  471,  and  Argiope  auratitia  p.  435.  The 
sea  of  gossamer,  p.  216,  and  the  webs  of  Linyphia  litigiosa  p.  393,  show 
the  beautiful  effects  of  large  quantities  of  spider  webs  in  the  land- 
scape. Plates  have  been  entirely  avoided  and  all  the  illustrations  are 
distributed  through  the  book  as  near  as  possible  to  the  text  to  which 
they  refer. 
In  a  book  intended  for  popular  use,  one  of  the  things  most  to  be 


Vol.    XX1VJ  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  37 

desired  is  a  simple  and  intelligible  classification,  hut  here  the  author 
has  not  been  able  to  restrain  his  enjoyment  in  the  complicated  and 
unusual.  In  the  genus  Argiopc,  for  example,  we  have  three  closely 
related  species  and  these  are  described  under  three  different  generic 
names  while  all  come  into  the  subfamily,  Argiopinae.  The  family 
Argiopidae  includes  tthe  Epeiridae  in  general,  and  the  super  family 
Argiopoidea  all  the  spiders  except  the  Aviculariidae.  Even  our  few 
English  names  do  not  escape  change,  for  "the  garden  spider,"  long 
a  nickname  of  Epeira  diadcniata,  is  here  applied  to  Argiopc.  There  is 
also  an  unfortunate  tendency  to  abandon  names  long  in  common  use 
and  to  substitute  names  that  are  older  but  less  certain.  Dictyna 
Tolupis,  for  example,  is  replaced  by  Dictyna  foliacea  Hertz  which  may 
br  any  one  of  several  species.  So  the  familiar  Epeira  insiilaris  is 
replaced  by  Aranea  gigas  conspicellata.  Tables  are  used  to  a  large 
extent  as  keys  to  the  classification  and  here  also  the  tendency  is  to- 
ward the  complex  and  difficult.  In  the  general  table  the  reader  is 
brought  at  once  to  such  questions  as  whether  a  spider  has  two  or 
four  lungs,  whether  it  has  a  cribellum  and  calamistrum  or  not,  and 
whether  it  has  two  or  three  claws  on  the  feet.  In  the  descriptions 
of  species  a  large  amount  of  space  is  given  to  peculiarities  of  struc- 
ture and  habits  and  to  nests,  webs  and  cocoons  with  plently  of  illu- 
strations a  large  part  of  them  new  and  nearly  all  good. 

References  are  given  to  other  publications  on  American  spiders  of 
which  there  is  a  list  covering  seven  pages  at  the  end  of  the  book. — 
J.  H.  E. 

A  PRELIMINARY  LIST  OF  THE  INSECTS  OF  THE  PROVINCE  OF  QUEBEC. 
Part  i. — Lepidoptera.  By  ALBERT  F.  WINN,  Westmount.  Pub- 
ished  as  a  Supplement  to  the  Report  of  the  Quebec  Society  for 
the  Protection  of  Plants.  1912. 

This  paper  consists  of  103  pages  and  Dr.  J.  B.  Smith's  New  Jersey 
List  was  adopted  as  a  model.  The  distribution  and  date  of  capture 
are  given  and  in  some  cases  the  species  are  illustrated.  It  is  a  useful 
contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  distribution. — H.  S. 


INJURIOUS  INSECTS:  How  TO  RECOGNIZE  AND  CONTROL  THEM.  I'.y 
WALTER  C.  O'KANE,  Entomologist  to  the  New  Hampshire  Ex- 
periment Station  and  Professor  of  Economic  Entomology  in  New 
Hampshire  College.  The  Macmillan  Company,  New  York.  Price 
$2.00  net. 

This  work  contains  379  pages  and  606  figures  of  insects  of  which 
600  figures  are  stated  to  be  original.  This  is  really  a  very  remarkable 
feature  of  the  book  after  one  has  been  accustomed  to  seeing  the  same 


38  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

old  cuts  from  the  time  of  the  father  of  economic  entomology.  Another 
excellent  feature  is  that  in  many  instances  the  size  of  the  insect  is  given. 
Often  in  such  works  the  novice  has  no  way  of  telling  how  big  the 
insect  is  that  he  sees  figured.  Another  useful  feature  is  the  reference 
to  the  full  reports  on  the  species  mentioned.  The  insect  pests  are 
divided  into  three  groups,  i.  Pests  of  garden  and  field  crops;  including 
all  injurious  species  found  on  such  plants  as  corn,  potatoes,  cucumbers, 
wheat,  squashes  and  the  like,  also  greenhouse  pests.  2.  Pests  of  or- 
chards and  small  fruits,  currants  and  similar  bush  fruits,  and  straw- 
berries or  other  low-growing  plants,  usually  designated  as  fruits.  3. 
Pests  of  the  household,  of  stored  products,  and  of  domestic  animals. 
These  comprise  the  common  injurious  species  that  do  not  feed  on  liv- 
ing plants.  There  are  chapters  on  structure,  habits  and  classification ; 
insects  as  carriers  of  disease;  methods  of  insect  control.  The  work  is 
one  that  will  undoubtedly  prove  of  use  to  those  who  have  need  for 
such  a  book.  The  arrangement  should  make  it  possible  for  the  novice 
to  find  the  insect  doing  the  damage,  especially  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
so  many  species  are  illustrated. — H.  S. 


Doings  of  Societies. 

THE  PACIFIC  COAST  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

The  forty-first  regular  meeting  of  the  Society  was  held  on 
the  evening  of  August  19,  1911,  at  the  Yoke  Point  Grill,  San 
Francisco. 

President  Van  Dyke  in  the  chair.  Twelve  members  and  five 
guests  were  present.  The  annual  election  of  officers  took 
place  with  the  following  results :  President,  Dr.  E.  C.  Van 
Dyke;  Vice- President,  J.  E.  Cottle;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
Dr.  F.  E.  Blaisdell. 

Mr.  Ehrhorn  stated  that  Mr.  Koebele  was  in  Germany  work- 
ing on  the  horn  fly  problem.  A  communication  was  read  from 
Mr.  L.  E.  Ricksecker.  President  Van  Dyke  made  some  re- 
marks on  Le  Conte's  collecting  trip  to  the  Pacific  Coast  and 
his  work  about  Vallecitos. 

Mr.  J.  C.  Bridwell  stated  that  Prof.  Herms  was  traveling 
in  Europe,  visiting  collections  and  studying  parasites. 

President  Van  Dyke  spoke  about  the  list  of  butterflies  of 
the  San  Francisco  Peninsula  published  by  Mr.  F.  X.  Wil- 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  39 

liams,  and  expressed  a  wish  to  have  the  lepidopterists  continue 
it  and  include  the  entire  order.  He  stated  that  the  coleopter- 
ists  were  getting  data  together  for  a  list  of  the  entire  Bay  Re- 
gion, a  thing  that  he  felt  would  be  of  much  value.  He  also 
referred  to  the  visit  of  Professors  Wickham  and  Aldrich  to 
this  coast.  Prof.  Aldrich  visited  the  several  saline  and  fresh 
water  lakes  in  Utah,  Nevada  and  California,  studying  the  in- 
sects which  inhabit  them,  especially  a  genus  of  Diptera,  Ephy- 
dra.  The  doctor  stated  that  Mr.  Wm.  Mann  at  last  accounts 
was  still  investigating  in  the  barren  regions  of  Brazil,  south 
of  the  Amazon,  and  that  he  was  contemplating  a  trip  up  the 
Amazon. 

The  members  of  the  Society  were  pleased  at  having  Mr. 
J.  G.  Grundel  again  present  and  recovered  from  his  recent 
illness. 

Mr.  Chas.  Fuchs  reported  his  summer  outing  at  St.  Helena, 
Napa  County,  Calif.  Mr.  Cottle  gave  an  account  of  his  trip 
to  the  Yosemite.  He  stated  that  conditions  were  very  unfav- 
orable there  and  that  snow  was  very  abundant  in  June.  A 
number  of  goods  things  were  captured  on  Cloud's  Rest,  such  as 
Melitaea  sacramenti. 

Mr.  J.  C.  Huguenin  spoke  about  his  vacation  of  one  week 
in  Marin  County,  Calif. 

Mr.  J.  C.  Bridwell  stated  that  collecting  in  the  Imperial  Val- 
ley was  prolific  of  good  results.  In  his  own  specialty,  the 
Philanthidae,  species  were  taken  in  considerable  series  and 
the  color  varied  from  black  to  ferruginous. 

Mr.  Ehrhorn  said  some  interesting  things  about  the  Ha- 
waiian fauna. 

Mr.  Nunenmacher  stated  that  he  had  made  a  special  effort 
during  the  last  three  years  to  study  the  distribution  of  Omns, 
and  that  during  his  trips  to  northern  California  and  southern 
Oregon,  he  had  discovered  many  interesting  facts  pertaining 
to  them. 

Messrs.  Nunenmacher,  Huguenin  and  Cottle  exhibited  a 
number  of  interesting  species. 

Refreshments  and  adjournment. 


4O  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

The  forty-second  regular  meeting  was  held  on  the  evening 
of  November  25,  1911,  at  the  Yoke  Point  Grill,  San  Francisco. 
President  Van  Dyke  in  the  chair.  Nine  members  and  two 
guests  were  present. 

Mr.  Grundel  exhibited  numerous  specimens  of  Coleoptera 
and  Lepidoptera,  which  had  been  collected  in  the  vicinity  of 
Martinez,  Calif. 

Mr.  Bridwell  made  some  remarks  about  collecting  in  the 
Imperial  Valley.  Asida,  Cryptoglossa  and  Eusattus  muricatus 
were  obtained  by  digging  about  the  roots  of  plants ;  at  Ban- 
ning a  Buprestid  larva  was  taken  from  an  Opuntia  stalk.  He 
also  exhibited  the  work  and  specimens  of  a  species  of  Lyctus 
seriously  injuring  floors  and  flooring  of  tan  bark  oak.  Speci- 
mens of  two  apparently  new  genera  of  Scoliidae  from  southern 
California  were  shown. 

Mr.  Sternitzky  reported  a  visit  to  Glen  Allen,  Eldorado 
County,  California. 

Mr.  Huguenin  reported  some  observations  on  the  larvae  of 
Halisidota  edwardsii. 

Mr.  Nunenmacher  stated  that  careful  collecting  around  the 
bay  of  San  Francisco  was  yielding  many  good  things,  such 
as  Hyperaspis  psyche  Casey,  H.  nunenmacheri  Casey,  H.  ^-ocu- 
latus  with  different  sized  spots,  Zagloba  ornatus  Horn,  Ex- 
ochotnus  calif ornicus  Casey,  varying  much  in  size ;  Scymnus 
guttulatus  Lee,  and  Cymatodera  ovipennls  Lee.  The  best  time 
for  collecting  Coccinellidae  was  stated  to  be  late  in  the  sea- 
son— from  September  to  the  following  March.  They  are  par- 
ticularly partial  to  a  small  shrub  that  is  very  abundant.  As 
many  as  fifteen  species  have  been  taken  at  one  collecting  from 
this  scrub  oak-like  plant. 

President  Van  Dyke  proposed  the  name  of  Prof.  O.  B. 
Johnston  as  an  honorary  member.  Prof.  Johnston  was  unani- 
mously elected  to  membership.  After  exhibition  of  specimens, 
adjournment  and  refreshments. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  4! 

The  forty-third  regular  meeting  was  held  on  April  20,  1912, 
at  the  residence  of  Mr.  J.  E.  Cottle,  2117  Bush  St.,  San  Fran- 
cisco. President  Van  Dyke  in  the  chair.  Twelve  members 
and  seven  guests  were  present. 

The  Secretary  stated  that  Mr.  Frank  Stephens  had  been 
proposed  for  membership  by  Mr.  L.  E.  Ricksecker.  Dr.  Blais- 
dell  seconded  the  proposal.  Mr.  Stephens  was  elected  in  the 
usual  way. 

The  Secretary  presented  a  revised  list  of  the  honorary  mem- 
bers of  the  Society,  as  follows : 

Prof.  O.  B.  Johnston,  of  Seattle,  Washington. 

Prof.  C.  W.  Woodworth,  of  the  University  of  California. 

Prof.  Vernon  Kellogg,  of  the  Stanford  University. 

Prof.  J.  J.  Rivers,  of  Santa  Monica,  Calif.,  and 

Dr.  L.  O.  Howard,  of  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  D.  C. 

Mr.  Nunenmacher  gave  an  interesting  talk  on  his  studies  in 
the  Coccinellidae.  These  studies  were  mainly  on  the  genus 
Hyperaspis,  and  based  on  H.  undulatus  as  a  stem-form.  A 
diagram  showing  the  relationships  of  the  species  was  also  ex- 
hibited. 

Mr.  Huguenin  reported  some  very  interesting  observations 
on  the  habits  and  relations  of  certain  species  of  Lycaenae.  He 
stated  that  a  colony  of  L.  antiacis  had  been  located  on  the  slope 
of  a  hill,  the  area  inhabited  by  this  species  being  surrounded 
by  trees  and  not  over  100  x  7  yards  in  extent.  Antiacis  was 
found  from  March  to  April,  ten  to  twenty  specimens  being 
taken  within  two  hours.  Six  or  seven  L.  xerces  were  also 
taken  in  that  same  place  and  at  the  same  date.  Both  species 
were  flying  together.  Mr.  Huguenin  stated  that  the  life-his- 
tories of  the  species  should  be  worked  out  and  thus  determine 
the  relationships  of  the  different  species. 

Mr.  J.  G.  Grundel  stated  that  he  had  reared  three  so-called 
species  of  Alypia  from  the  same  batch  of  eggs. 

President  Van  Dyke  presented  to  the  Society  a  photograph 
received  from  Prof.  O.  B.  Johnston. 

A  paper  on  the  Aleocharinae    (fam.    Staphylinidae,    order, 


42  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

Coleoptera)  from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  by  Dr.  A.  Fenyes,  was 
then  presented  and  read.  It  was  moved,  seconded  and  voted 
to  publish  the  paper. 

President  Van  Dyke  gave  a  talk  on  the  relationships  and 
distribution  of  the  species  of  the  Coleopterous  Sub-Family, 
Carabinae. 

Mr.  Huguenin  exhibited  180  species  of  insects  collected  at 
Lagunitas,  Marin  County,  Calif. 

Communications  were  red  from  Mr.  Harry  Lang,  of  At- 
lanta, Ga.,  and  Mr.  L.  E.  Ricksecker,  of  San  Diego,  Calif. 

Social  discussion  and  refreshments  followed. 


The  forty-fourth  regular  meeting  or  Annual  Field  Day  was 
held  on  May  19,  1912,  at  Lagunitas,  Marin  County,  California. 
Six  members  and  ten  guests  attended  the  outing.  The  day 
was  a  very  rainy  one  and  very  little  collecting  was  done.  The 
members  spent  the  day  under  cover  and  around  a  fire. 

The  Secretary  reported  a  communication  from  Mr.  Frank 
Stephens,  to  the  effect  that  Mr.  L.  E.  Ricksecker  had  been  sud- 
denly stricken  and  was  seriously  ill.  The  members  requested 
the  Secretary  to  write  and  express  their  sympathy  to  the  fam- 

ily. 

F.  E.  BLAISDELL,  Secretary. 


FELDMAN  COLLECTING  SOCIAL. 

Meeting  of  June  19,  1912,  at  1523  South  Thirteenth  Street, 
Philadelphia ;  twelve  members  were  present.  President  Haim- 
bach  in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Wenzel,  Sr.,  read  extracts  from  a  letter  received  from 
our  fellow-member,  C.  T.  Greene,  now  located  at  East  Falls 
Church,  Virginia,  telling  how  he  secured  the  eggs  of  a  Dip- 
teron  by  placing  a  female  in  a  jar  with  a  piece  of  bark  soaked 
in  sap. 

Mr.  Geo.  M.  Greene  exhibited  the  larvae,  pupae  and  imago 
of  Physonota  unipunctata  Say  (Col.)  collected  by  himself  in 
Boonton,  New  Jersey,  July  10,  1901.  The  envelope  contain- 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  43 

ing  samples  of  the  food  plant  disappeared  so  it  was  impossible 
to  identify  it.  He  had  taken  the  first  specimen  of  this  Cana- 
dian beetle  in  the  state  hibernating,  March  9,  1901,  underneath 
a  stone ;  this  was  shown.  Also  reported  several  specimens  of 
Calosoma  iwllcoxi  LeC.  (Col.)  captured  at  light,  Philadel- 
phia, May  24,  1912. 

Mr.  Wenzel  showed  a  large  series  of  Perothops  mucida 
Gyll.  (Col.)  from  Twin  Oak,  Pennsylvania,  June  13,  1912, 
collected  on  hickory;  also  said  that  Centrodera  picta  Hald.  and 
Chrysobothris  azurea  LeC.  had  been  taken  this  season  locally. 

Mr.  Daecke  said  that  one  day  while  collecting  at  Hunter's 
Run,  Pennsylvania,  in  an  abandoned  pass  he  had  seen  a  wasp 
flying  around  and  had  followed  it  and  had  caught  it  at  its  nest. 
Both  were  shown,  the  species  being  Vespa  diabolica  Sauss. 
According  to  the  New  Jersey  list,  this  species  makes  its  nest 
under  ground.  Also  recorded  and  exhibited  the  following: 
Oryssus  terminalis  Newn.,  Euthera  tentatrix  Loew.,  a  rare 
tachina  fly  and  Adela  ridingsella  Clem.,  all  from  Hunter's 
Run,  May  30,  1912.  He  exhibited  also  a  specimen  of  Acronyc- 
ta  tritona  Hbn.,  the  larva  of  which  was  taken  at  Lucaston, 
New  Jersey,  September  27,  1911,  feeding  on  huckleberry,  the 
adult  emerged  June  2,  1912. 

Mr.  Kaeber  exhibited  dried  Russian  peas ;  said  two  bags 
had  been  received  from  New  York,  one  of  which  was  about 
80  per  cent,  infested,  but  all  the  beetles  were  dead,  having  been 
killed  in  cold  storage.  Specimens  had  been  extracted  and  were 
shown.  They  were  identified  as  Bruchus  quadrimaculatus 
Fabr.  He  stated  that  he  had  noticed  that  pisorun  Linn.,  a 
larger  species  was  found  in  a  smaller  pea  and  only  one  speci- 
men in  each,  while  this  species  was  smaller  and  several  speci- 
mens were  found  in  each  pea.  He  was  wondering  if  the  size 
of  the  pea  really  had  anything  to  do  with  the  number  of  speci- 
mens found.  Mr.  Wenzel  said  it  was  open  to  doubt  that  the 
peas  shown  were  infested  in  Russia  as  the  species  of  Brnchus 
is  found  here. 


44  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Jan.,   '13 

Meeting  of  September  t8,  1912,  at  1523  South  Thirteenth 
Street,  Philadelphia ;  ten  members  were  present.  President 
Haimbach  in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Wenzell,  ST.,  exhibited  nests  of  a  species  of  Protapan- 
telcs  from  Philadelphia  Neck,  September  15,  from  which  he 
had  bred  this  small  wasp  by  the  hundreds.  These  nests  have 
the  texture  of  spider  webs  for  which  he  had  first  taken  them. 
He  also  said  that  Mr.  Green,  of  Easton,  Wenzel,  Jr.,  and  he 
had  taken  an  automobile  trip  to  southern  New  Jersey  the  last 
week  in  June,  touching  at  Atco,  Da  Costa,  Hammonton,  Egg 
Harbor,  May's  Landing,  Tuckahoe,  Cape  May  Court  House, 
Anglesea,  Stone  Harbor,  Vineland,  Millville,  Malaga  and  Wil- 
low Grove;  said  that  the  Weymouth  district  would  be  a  great 
place  for  Dipterists.  In  the  Coleoptera  the  regular  species 
were  found,  but  in  general  collecting  was  very  poor.  Men- 
tioned Tcttigea  hicroglyphica  Say  (Horn.),  saying  it  was  fre- 
quently beaten  in  the  net  early  in  the  morning  when  it  seemed 
numb  from  the  cold,  but  later  in  the  day  it  could  not  be  caught. 
Cicindela  abdominalis  Fabr.  was  mentioned  among  the  catches 
and  a  specimen  of  Dorcus  parallelus  Say  from  the  typical  brev- 
is  district ;  this  specimen  is  smaller  than  the  smallest  mentioned 
in  Dr.  Horn's  paper — both  are  in  the  Wenzel  collection  and 
were  shown.  The  strong  lamps  from  the  auto  were  used  at 
night,  but  not  even  a  mosquito  was  attracted. 

Mr.  Geo.  M.  Greene  exhibited  a  very  large  Megarhyssa 
atrata  Fabr.,  collected  by  C.  T.  Greene,  Castle  Rock,  Pennsyl- 
vania, June  4,  1911,  and  an  extremely  small  one  collected  by 
W.  J.  Nash,  Overbrook,  Pennsylvania,  August  8,  1912. 
Typical  specimens,  male  and  female  of  M.  greenei 
Viereck  were  also  shown  and  the  extremes  in  size, 
all  collected  by  W.  J.  Nash  at  Overbrook,  August  n  and 
18,  and  September  8,  1912.  A  fine  specimen  of  the  moth, 
Phlegethontius  cingulata  Sm.  and  Abb.,  collected  by  himself 
on  tree  trunk  at  Overbrook,  September  8,  1912,  was  also 
shown.  Also  a  specimen  of  Carabus  sylvosus  Say,  Castle 
Rock,  Pennsylvania,  September  2,  1912,  with  wing  aberration. 

Mr.  Harbeck  exhibited  and  recorded  a  butterfly  Feniseca 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  45 

tarquinius  Fabr.,  Pocono  Lake,  Pennsylvania,  July  23,  1912, 
and  a  pair  of  the  hornet,  Vespa  consobrina  Sauss.,  Manahaw- 
ken.  New  Jersey,  September  2,  1912.  Two  species  of  Tabanus, 
new  to  his  collection,  were  also  shown,  all  taken  by  himself. 

Mr.  Daecke  exhibited  a  pair  of  the  fly,  Stylogaster  neglecta 
Will.,  from  Hunter's  Run,  Pennsylvania,  July  28,  1912,  in 
coitu.  Had  often  wondered  how  copulation  was  accomplished 
by  the  species  where  the  female  has  a  long  ovipositor  but  this 
could  readily  be  seen  in  the  specimens  shown.  Also  a  block 
covered  with  moss  was  shown  to  be  used  as  a  pincushion  for 
ooo  pins. 

Meeting  of  October  16,  1912,  at  1523  South  Thirteenth 
Street,  Philadelphia ;  twelve  members  were  present.  Mr.  Green, 
of  Easton,  Pennsylvania,  visitor.  President  Haimbach  in  the 
chair. 

Mr.  Wenzel,  Sr.,  remarked  on  the  genus  Omus,  specially 
mentioning  a  species  of  W.  Horn's  and  one  of  Casey's.  Read 
a  communication  of  October  12,  from  Mr.  Dury,  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  in  which  he  says,  "Sandal us  niger  Knoch  (Col.)  was 
'flying  around  a  few  days  ago  as  it  does  the  latter  part  of  Sep- 
tember and  beginning  of  October." 

Dr.  Skinner  described  his  trip  to  Europe,  giving  a  detailed 
account  of  the  Tring  Museum. 

Mr.  Laurent  stated  that,  although  Ligyrus  gibbosus  DeG., 
as  well  as  Chalepus  trachypygus  Burm.,  were  both  common 
species  of  Coleoptera  and  were  often  numerous  around  the 
electric  lights,  he  had  never  seen  them  in  such  great  numbers 
as  they  were  this  year  on  the  nights  of  June  6  and  October  8 
at  Anglesea,  New  Jersey ;  on  both  of  these  occasions  they  were 
flying  around  by  the  hundreds. 

Mr.  Kaeber  exhibited  a  large  female  Vespa  crabro  Linn. 
(Hym.)  found  at  Darby,  Pennsylvania,  October  5,  1912,  in 
hibernation.  Mr.  Daecke  said  he  had  taken  it  in  New  Jersey 
but  had  never  seen  this  European  species  from  this  State  be- 
fore. Adjourned  to  the  annex. 

GEO.  M.  GREENE,  Secretary. 


46  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 


IN   MEMORIAM. 

Frederick  Blanchard. 

(Portrait,  PI.  II) 

Frederick  Blanchard,  well  known  to  students  of  the  Coleop- 
tera  of  North  America,  and  dearly  loved  by  all  of  us  who 
knew  him,  died  at  his  late  home  in  Tyngsboro,  Mass.,  on  No- 
vember 2,  1912. 

He  was  the  son  of  Cornelius  Blanchard  and  Sarah  Sher- 
burne  Blanchard  and  was  born  August  20,  1843,  at  Lowell, 
Mass.  He  was  engaged  in  the  banking  business  at  Lowell 
from  boyhood  until  his  retirement  about  twelve  years  ago,  at 
which  time  he  had  been  cashier  of  the  Prescott  National  Bank 
of  Lowell  for  several  years. 

On  the  last  day  of  the  year  1874  he  married  Martha  Louise 
Dow,  of  Exeter,  N.  H.,  who  survives  him.  They  had  no  chil- 
dren but  adopted  a  son,  George,  who  was  drowned  when  24 
years  of  age,  in  March,  1904. 

Mr.  Blanchard  was  a  loyal  citizen  of  his  township  and  ac- 
tive in  promoting  its  welfare.  He  was  treasurer  of  the  Village 
Improvement  Association  of  Tyngsboro  for  many  years,  and 
he  was  also  much  interested  in  the  Littlefield  Public  Library, 
to  which  he  made  a  bequest  of  $2000. 

The  magnetic  personality  of  this  man  at  once  asserted  itself 
in  his  delightful  letters.  These  letters,  imparting  without  re- 
serve all  his  rich  fund  of  entomological  and  other  knowledge 
on  every  subject  of  discussion,  and  full  of  helpful  suggestions 
and  keen  observations,  soon  came  to  be  awaited  with  eager 
expectation,  and  were  enjoyed  with  the  greatest  satisfaction. 
For  he  was  a  man  who  entered  with  enthusiasm  into  the  in- 
terests of  his  friends  and  correspondents,  and  assisted  them 
in  their  studies  in  every  possible  way,  whatever  the  genus,  or 
family,  or  group  which  might  be  the  subject  of  their  investi- 
gations. 

His  letters  were  in   fact  the  principal  medium  of  making 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  47 

known  to  other  entomologists  his  valuable  observations  and 
discoveries,  as  only  a  few  of  these  appeared  in  print.  His 
table  of  the  species  of  Canthon  and  Phanaeus  (Trans.  Am. 
Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  XII,  1885)  and  the  revision  of  the  genus 
Cardiophorus  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  XVI,  1889)  are 
the  most  important  of  his  printed  papers.  Of  the  last  named 
genus  he  described  twelve  new  species. 

Though  beset  by  many  misfortunes  of  late  years,  and  him- 
self an  invalid  for  more  than  a  year  preceding  his  death,  his 
entomological  interest  was  keenly  maintained  up  to  the  very 
end  of  his  life,  and  he  had  practically  finished  only  a  few 
months  ago  a  paper  on  the  genus  Evarthrus.  This  will  proba- 
bly be  put  together  and  published  by  his  close  and  intimate 
friend  and  protege,  H.  C.  Fall. 

In  June,  1901,  with  keen  expectation,  the  writer  journeyed 
for  the  first  time  to  Lowell,  and  then  rode  on  the  trolley  eight 
miles  or  so  up  the  Merrimac  River  to  Tyngsboro,  to  enjoy  the 
hospitality  of  the  Blanchard  home,  which,  though  close  to  the 
Nashua  Road,  was  completely  hidden  from  it  by  a  fine  grove 
of  pines.  This  was  the  haven  to  which  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blanch- 
ard moved  about  the  time  of  his  retirement  from  the  banking 
business,  and  here,  in  their  comfortable  home  surrounded  by 
the  fields  and  meadows,  they  loved  to  entertain  again  and 
again  all  of  us  who  made  the  pilgrimage  thither.  There  was 
a  perfect  comradeship  between  man  and  wife  which  impress- 
ed us  all,  and  their  guests  at  once  felt  very  much  at  home.  We 
were  escorted  to  all  his  famous  collecting  grounds,  and  we 
reveled  in  the  treasures  of  his  wonderful  local  collection,  his 
excellent  library  and  most  of  all,  we  took  delight  in  the  great 
privilege  of  contact  with  his  simple  and  kindly  personality. 

Mr.  Blanchard's  collection,  though  a  large  one,  is  primarily 
and  essentially  one  of  New  England  species,  very  largely  col- 
lected through  the  thorough  and  untiring  efforts  of  his  own 
eyes  and  hands.  Like  Mr.  Schwarz  he  possessed  an  instinct 
for  completely  bringing  to  light  the  fauna  of  any  locality 
which  he  visited,  and,  again  like  Mr.  Schwarz,  his  beetles  were 


48  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Jan.,    '13 

most  neatly  and  beautifully  mounted,  suited  for  the  minutest 
examination,  and  every  family  was  carefully  studied  and  its 
representatives  accurately  determined,  or  their  names  verified, 
by  himself. 

Undoubtedly  Mr.  Blanchard's  greatest  service  for  students 
of  North  American  Coleoptera  was  performed  in  his  pains- 
taking study  and  interpretation  of  the  Le  Conte  types  for 
many  friends,  themselves  unable  to  make  the  trip  to  Cam- 
bridge. He  was  a  zealous  admirer  of  Dr.  Le  Conte,  and  the 
Le  Conte  collection  at  the  Harvard  and  University  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology  he  understood  perfectly,  and  he  loved 
it  too.  He  was  a  constant  visitor  to  Cambridge,  and  in  1911 
Harvard  honored  him  and  herself,  by  enrolling  him  in  its 
catalogue,  as  Associate  in  Entomology  of  the  University  Mu- 
seum. 

He  bequeathed  his  collection  to  Harvard,  and  it  is  indeed 
most  appropriate  that  this  collection  of  his  own  is  to  be  plac- 
ed beside  that  of  Le  Conte  which  he  knew  and  loved  so  well. 

JOHN  D.  SHERMAN,  JR. 


The  daily  newspapers  announce  the  death  of  DR.  WILLIAM 
ARMSTRONG  BUCKHOUT,  Professor  of  Natural  History,  1871- 
81,  and  of  Botany  and  Horticulture  since  1881  in  Pennsylvania 
State  College,  on  December  3,  1912.  He  was  born  in  Oswego, 
New  York,  December  26,  1846,  and  graduated  from  the  Col- 
lege in  which  he  subsequently  became  a  professor  in  1868.  He 
wrote  several  articles  on  economic  entomology  in  the  Reports 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  and  of 
the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  for  1889,  1892  and  1893,  and 
contributed  notes  on  insects  to  various  American  journals  of 
earlier  years. 

The  deaths  of  W.  F.  KIRBY,  in  England,  and  W.  G.  WRIGHT, 
in  California,  are  also  announced  and  notices  of  their  work 
will  appear  in  a  later  number. 


The  NEWS  for  December,  1912,  was  mailed  December  4,  1912. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  II. 


FREDERICK    BLANCHARD. 


The  Celebrated  Original  Dust  and  Pest-Proof 

METAL  CASES 

FOR  SCHMITT  BOXES 

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JUST  PUBLISHED 

CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  NATURAL 
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25 

15 

16 

1905 

1.00 

10 

10 

10 

10 

15 

10 

5 

15 

15 

17 

1906 

2.00 

25 

20 

20 

20 

20 

25 

15 

25 

18 

1907 

2.00 

10 

15 

15 

10 

10 

20 

15 

15 

15 

19 

1908 

2.00 

20 

*10 

25 

25 

25 

25 

20 

1909 

20 

20 

20 

20 

25 

15 

15 

21 

1910 

2.00 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

22 

1911 

2.00 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

23 

1912 

2.00 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

24 

1913 

25 

25 



*Indicate  that  only  one  or  two  more  or  less  soiled  or  mutilated  copies  are  left. 

The  above  list  is  subject  to  changes,  as  many  of  the  prices  quoted  are  for  single 
copies  only,  and  these  may  be  sold  at  any  time.  Now  and  then  numbers 
not  listed  are  received,  in  which  cases  these  will  appear  in  subsequent  lists. 
The  prices  include  transportation. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  III. 


NEW   TACHINIDAE-WALTON. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY    OF    NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL.  XXIV. 


FEBRUARY,   1913. 


No.  2. 


CONTENTS: 


Walton — New  North  American  Tachin- 
idae  (Dipt.) 49 

Girault— Fragments  on  North  Ameri- 
can Insects— III  (Colep.,  Lepid., 
Dipt.,  Hemip.,  Hymen.) 53 

Banks — The  Genus  Brachynemurus 
(Neuroptera) 63 

Weiss  and  Patterson — Revised  Keys  to 
the  Species  of  Mosquitoes  and 
Mosquito  Larvae  found  in  New  Jer- 
sey (Dipt.)  65 

Skinner — A  new  Hesperid  Butterfly 
from  Cuba  ( Lepid. ) 72 

Chamberlin — Two  new  Otostigmi  from 
India  (Myriop.) 73 

Nunenmacher — Studies  Amongst  the 
Coccinellidae,  No.  5  (Col.) 76 

Editorial— The  Meetings  at  Cleveland     77 

Stoner — Eleodes  in  Minnesota  (Col.)..     81 


Cockerel! — Andrena     dunningi     Ckll. 

( Hymen.) 82 

Skinner— Notes  on    Lycaena    neurona 

(Lepid.) 82 

Selous — Birds  and  Butterflies  (Lepid.)  83 
Selous — Insect  Arrow  Poison  (Coleop.)  83 
Vorhies — Trichoptera  Collected  Under 

Unusual  Conditions 84 

Westcott — The   1912   Swarm  of   Aletia 

argillacea  (Lepid.) 84 

Dodd— The    Occurrence    of    Leucania 
unipunctata   (Haworth)   on   Sugar 
Cane  in  North  Queensland  (Lepid.)    85 
Cockerell— Eustypiura  rodriguezi  (Hy- 
men.)       85 

Entomological  Literature 86 

Review— Berlese's  Trombidiidae 90 

Obituary— W.  G.  Wright 91 

William  Forsell  Kirby 93 

Peter  Cameron 96 


New  North  American   Tachinidae  (Dipt.). 
By  W.  R.  WALTON,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  Washington,  D.  C.* 

(Plate  III; 

The  first  form  described  below  adds  a  new  genus  and  species 
to  the  small  aggregation  of  Muscoids  known  to  be  parasitic  on 
beetles  of  the  genus  Lachnosterna. 

The  members  of  this  small  group,  although  rather  widely 
separated  in  the  existing  artificial  classifications,  are  to  some 
extent  similar  in  habitus,  especially  as  regards  the  facies. 

The  front  is  produced,  the  antennae  and  eyes  small,  the 
cheeks  wide  and  the  vibrissae  placed  considerably  above  the 
front  edge  of  the  oral  margin.  These  peculiarities  are  most 
marked  in  the  genus  Microphthalmus.  It  seems  probable  that 
these  parasites  of  Lachnosterna  are  nocturnal  or  at  least  cre- 
puscular in  habit,  as  in  the  genus  Pyrgota  of  the  Ortalidae 
which  is  also  parasitic  on  Lachnosterna.  In  the  latter  group 
there  is  a  remarkable  similarity  in  the  conformation  of  the 
head  to  the  Muscoid  parasites  of  the  "may  beetles." 

*Published  by  permission  of  the  Chief  of  Bureau. 


49 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Eutrixoides  n.  gen. 

Face  on  the  lower  half  of  its  sides  bare.  Antennae  reaching 
about  half  way  to  oral  margin,  vibrissae  weak,  cruciate,  far 
above  oral  margin.  Occiput  strongly  convex.  Frontals  do  not 
extend  below  base  of  second  antennal  joint,  arista  microscopi- 
cally pubescent.  Horizontal  diameter  of  the  occiput  above  the 
neck  less  than  one-half  that  of  the  eye,  head  at  vibrissae  no- 
ticeably shorter  than  at  base  of  antennae.  Sides  of  face  at  nar- 
rowest part,  one-third  to  one-half  as  wide  as  median  depres- 
sion. Penultimate  joint  of  arista  at  most  only  slightly  longer 
than  wide.  Palpi  subcylindrical,  less  than  one-half  as  wide  as 
proboscis.  Fourth  vein  entire,  apical  cell  open,  ending  close  to 
extreme  wing  tip.  Sternopleural  bristles  two,  dorsocentrals  var- 
iable. Inner  vertical  macrochaetae  cruciate,  outer  verticals 
merged  with  the  cilia  of  posterior  orbit,  all  macrochaetae  of 
face  and  front  weakly  developed.  Abdomen  without  ventral 
carina.  Ovipositor  horny,  flattened,  exposed,  doubled  forward 
under  abdomen,  nearly  one-half  as  long  as  abdomen.  Male 
without  subanal  appendages. 

At  first  glance  this  form  seems  to  fall  naturally  to  Eutrixa 
Coq.,  but  the  remarkable  development  of  the  ovipositor  necessi- 
tates the  erection  of  a  new  genus  for  its  reception. 

Eutrixoides  jonesii  nov.  sp.  (PI.  Ill,  figs,  a-f.) 

Length,  7  to  8  mm.  Habitat,  Anasco,  Porto  Rico.  General  appear- 
ance to  naked  eye,  slender,  brownish  gray,  nowhere  shining.  Legs 
rather  long,  wings  slightly  brownish. 

Microscopic  description:  Male,  front  and  ocellar  triangle  light 
brown,  vitta  almost  linear  immediately  before  the  ocelli.  Parafacials 
cinereous,  a  narrow  cinereous  line  extending  therefrom  upward  along 
inner  margin  of  eyes  to  vertex.  Antennae  entirely  clear  ferruginous 
yellow,  arista  slender,  incrassated  only  at  extreme  base,  microscopical- 
ly haired.  Cheeks  yellowish  with  whitish  reflections.  Palpi  and  pro- 
boscis yellow. 

Thorax  yellowish  gray,  pollinose,  opaque.  A  distinct  oval  black  spot 
surrounds  each  of  the  last  two  anterior  dorsocentral  bristles,  inner 
longitudinal  vittae  distinct,  black,  extending  back  beyond  suture,  space 
included  between  them  darker  than  surrounding  surface.  Outer 
longitudinal  vittae  distinct,  expanding  into  smoky  elongate  spots  ex- 
tending from  humeri  nearly  but  not  quite  to  postalar  callus.  Scutel- 
lum  yellowish  gray  pollinose,  sides  brown. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  51 

Abdomen  opaque  brown,  first  segment  as  long  as,  or  longer  than, 
second,  with  a  narrow  pale  line  along  posterior  borders  of  all  segments. 
Slightly  yellowish  gray  pollinose  on  dorsolateral  bases  of  all  segments 
when  viewed  from  rear.  Macrochaetae  weak,  no  median  discal  or 
marginal  macrochaetae  on  ist  or  2nd  segments,  usually  a  weak  apical 
pair  on  3rd  segment,  4th  segment  with  discal  but  no  marginals. 

Wings  tinged  with  brown,  long,  somewhat  pointed,  apical  cell  open 
in  margin  and  entering  costa  close  to  extreme  wing  tip.  Squamae  con- 
colorous  with  wings. 

Coxae  yellowish,  femora  brown,  knees  yellow;  tibiae  and  tarsi  yel- 
lowish, densely  clothed  with  short  black  hairs.  Claws  of  front  feet 
as  long  as  last  tarsal  joint. 

This  sex  is  easily  distinguishable  from  the  male  of  Eutrixa  by  its 
much  narrower  front  and  face. 

Female:  Front  at  narrowest  part  about  one-half  eye  width.  Ovi- 
positor exposed,  horny,  slightly  curved,  clear  brownish  and  doubled 
forward  beneath  abdomen.  Otherwise  this  sex  closely  resembles  the 
male. 

Type. — A  female  deposited  in  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
Washington,  D.  C.  Four  specimens,  two  of  each  sex,  reared 
from  adult  beetles  of  the  genus  Lachnosterna  (sp?)  collected 
at  Anasco,  Porto  Rico,  May  14-16,  by  Mr.  T.  H.  Jones,  in 
honor  of  whom  the  species  is  named. 

Chaetophleps  crassinervis  n.  sp.  (PI.  Ill,  figs,  h,  i.) 

Minute,  opaque  grayish,  wings  hyaline.  Facies  resembling  Plectops 
tnelissipodes  Coq.  Front  opaque  cinereous,  slightly  wider  than  either 
eye,  sides  parallel,  parafacials  almost  linear,  facial  depression  as  wide 
as  either  eye,  face  entirely  cinereous.  Vertical  bristles  stout,  almost 
as  long  as  eye-height,  curving  backward.  Fronto-orbitals  three,  the 
lowest  stronger,  upper  two  close  together.  Frontals  in  a  single  row 
descending  below  the  base  of  second  antennal  joint.  Several  proclinate 
coarse  black  hairs  between  frontals  and  margin  of  eye  opposite  base 
of  antennae.  Lower  half  of  face  bare.  Antennae  entirely  black,  mi- 
nutely pubescent,  descending  to  or  slightly  below  oral  margin,  second 
joint  short,  third  joint  largely  developed,  straight  on  front  edge,  pos- 
terior edge  convex,  at  widest  part  fully  one-half  as  wide  as  either 
eye.  Penultimate  joint  of  arista  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  arista 
pubescent  on  its  basal  half  and  incrassated  nearly  to  the  middle.  Vi- 
brissae  inserted  on  the  oral  margin,  stout,  very  long  and  cruciate, 
three  or  four  bristly  hairs  above  them  on  vibrissal  ridges,  remainder 
of  ridges  bare.  Lower  part  of  occiput  produced  backward  somewhat 
as  in  Thryptocera.  Proboscis  short,  yellow,  palpi  slender,  black. 


52  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Thoracic  dorsum  ash-gray,  opaque,  inner  vittae  brownish  fading 
out  abruptly  at  suture.  Outer  vittae  expanded  into  blackish  triangles 
and  ceasing  immediately  before  suture.  A  circular  blackish  stain  sur- 
rounds bases  of  all  dorsocentral  macrochaetae.  Posterior  dorsocen- 
trals  two  or  three,  some  large  bristly  hairs  scattered  among  ordinary 
vestiture  of  dorsum.  Scutellum  with  three  pairs  of  marginals,  apical 
pair  absent.  Hairs  of  disc  gradually  increasing  in  strength  toward 
apex  where  the  outermost  may  be  termed  macrochaetae. 

Abdomen  ovate,  bearing  only  marginals  on  all  segments,  broadly 
cinereous  on  bases  of  segments  two,  three  and  four,  remainder  of 
abdomen  black,  almost  shining. 

Legs  stout,  black,  middle  tibiae  with  a  stout  bristle  on  front  side 
near  the  middle.  Sternopleural  macrochaetae  four,  the  upper  pair 
very  stout,  the  lower  quite  weak. 

Wings  broad,  hyaline,  first  vein  incrassated  on  its  apical  third  where 
it  bears  three  or  four  bristles,  third  vein  bristly  nearly  half  way  to 
small  cross  vein,  apical  cell  open,  ending  in  extreme  tip  of  wing. 

Type. — A  female  collected  by  the  author  at  Hyattsville, 
Maryland,  deposited  in  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

The  species  above  described  is  referred  to  Chactophleps 
merely  because  it  runs  out  there  in  Mr.  Coquillett's  key  to  the 
genera.  It  cannot  be  placed  in  either  Plcctops  or  Thryptocera 
because  the  penultimate  joint  of  the  arista  is  not  elongated, 
although  its  habitus  indicates  conclusively  a  close  affinity  with 
these  forms. 

It  seems  probable  that  a  separate  genus  will  eventually  have 
to  be  erected  for  this  species ;  in  the  meantime  it  would  be  folly 
to  do  so  upon  the  unique  type. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  III. 
Eutrixoides  joucsii,  n.  sp. 

a,  front  view  of  head,  male. 

b,  wing. 

c,  side  view  of  head,  female. 

d,  front  view  of  head,  female. 

e,  front  tarsus  of  male. 

f,  lateral  view  of  abdomen,  female. 

g,  Eutrixa  cxilis  Coq.,  tip  of  abdomen,  female, 
h,  Chactophleps  crassinervis  n.  sp.  wing. 

i,  Chaetophleps  crassinervis,  head. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  53 

Fragments  on   North   American   Insects — III. 

By  A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland. 

1.  On  Herbaceous  Swell-galls. 

Some  time  in  1902  I  noted  the  fact  that  the  swellings  or 
galls  occurring  on  the  stems  of  various  plants  always  contain 
stationary  larvae;  that  is,  the  larvae  remain  in  one  particular 
spot,  which  would  indicate  constant  irritation  as  a  possible 
cause.  It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  stem-boring  larvae  seldom 
cause  these  formations. 

2.  The   Dung  Beetle,   Canthon  laevis    (Col.) 

Two  round,  compact  balls  of  cow  dung,  resembling  a  medium 
sized  marble,  were  found  June  28,  1902,  at  Blacksburg,  Vir- 
ginia, under  a  fence  rail  lying  over  moist  soil ;  they  were  buried 
to  the  level  of  the  earth.  Each  measured  five-eighths  of  an 
inch  diameter.  One  contained  an  egg,  but  the  other  was  simply 
nothing  but  dung.  The  egg-  was  not  central  and  is  remarkably 
large,  yellowish  in  color  and  with  a  varnished  appearance  like 
the  integument  of  elaterid  larvae,  yet  soft  and  easily  crushed. 
It  is  almost  gourd-shaped.  Two  other  balls  obtained  on  June 
30  were  opened  on  July  3 ;  one  was  empty,  the  other  contained 
a  large  grub  in  a  perfectly  smooth  cell.  The  ball  was  patched 
and  buried  into  moist  soil ;  the  larva  subsequently  pupated  on 
July  21  ;  ten  days  later  the  pupa  commenced  to  turn  brownish 
and  the  adult  appeared  on  August  3.  The  beetles  were  still 
laying  eggs  on  July  10. 

This  short,  compact,  black-brown  scarabaeid  is  the  common 
dung-rolling  species  of  southwest  Virginia,  but  I  am  not  sure 
that  I  have  identified  it  correctly. 

:;.  Sanninoidea  exitiosa   (Say)    (Lepid.). 

A  female  of  this  species  was  observed  depositing  eggs  on  the  trunk 
of  a  peach  tree  on  September  15,  1002,  about  11.30  a.  m.,  at  Annapolis, 
Maryland.  About  six  eggs  were  deposited  within  four  mnutes. 

4.    Notes  on  the  Occurrence  of  Euchaetias  egle  Drury  (Lepid.). 

A  larva  of  this  species  was  taken  from  milkweed  at  Blacks- 
burg,  Virginia,  July  14,  1902.  It  was  fed  and  four  days  later, 
presumably,  entered  the  soil  of  the  rearing-cage.  The  cocoon 


54  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

was  found  on  July  22  upon  the  surface  of  the  soil,  where  it 
was  very  difficult  to  see.  It  was  composed  almost  entirely 
of  the  hairs  from  the  caterpillar's  body,  the  black  ones  pre- 
dominating. Its  exterior  was  covered  with  particles  of  dust 
and  twigs.  The  moth  emerged  early  in  the  morning  of  August 
7.  On  August  27,  1902,  in  the  same  locality  it  was  noted  that 
the  caterpillars  of  this  moth  were  very  numerous  and  in  dif- 
ferent stages  of  development.  The  milkweed  plant  was  being 
frequently  stripped  of  its  foliage  by  them.  They  are  gregari- 
ous, resting  in  clusters.  A  colony  of  the  larvae  obtained  dur- 
ing the  first  few  days  of  September  pupated  on  the  fourth  of 
that  month  in  a  mass  on  the  paper  forming  the  bottom  of  a 
bell- jar  under  which  they  had  been  confined.  The  cocoons 
were  clinging  together  and,  when  handled,  hundreds  of  the 
hairs  of  which  they  were  constructed  entered  the  hands  like 
so  many  prickles  from  a  cactus ;  they  cause  the  tender  por- 
tions to  itch.  The  cocoon  adheres  closely  to  the  pupa,  which 
shows  no  sign  of  life  when  handled. 

5.    Miscellaneous  Notes  on  Malacosoma  americana    (Fabricius). 

(Lepid.).* 

The  cocoons  of  this  species  are  composed:  (i)  of  an  outer 
layer  of  loose  folds  of  silk,  (2)  a  middle  layer,  compact,  and 
(3)  an  inner  layer  still  more  compact,  the  silk  finer.  They  are 
covered  with  a  golden-yellow,  or  sometimes  whitish,  powder. 
The  pupae  are  more  or  less  covered  with  a  fine  white  powder. 

From  cocoons  collected  May  29,  1902,  and  kept  in  the 
laboratory,  several  moths  emerged  on  June  9  and  five  others 
on  June  13.  On  June  10  a  few  moths  were  observed  in  the 
field.  During  the  night  of  June  12-13  four  egg  masses  were 
deposited  by  the  moths  in  the  laboratory  and  seven  had  been 
obtained  by  June  21,  when  moths  were  still  emerging.  Emer- 
gence continued  until  June  30,  or  for  a  period  of  at  least  as 
long  as  a  month.  Although  the  larvae  leave  the  nest  and  crawl 
to  the  ground  to  construct  their  cocoons  in  the  grass,  under 
fence  rails,  logs,  boards,  stones  and  so  on,  still  a  few  use  the 
nest  for  that  purpose  as  well  as  the  crevices  of  the  bark  of  the 

*  See  also  Note  3,  page  401,  Vol.  XXIII. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  55 

tree  trunk.  Cocoons  formed  in  the  nest,  however,  appeared 
to  be  due  to  disease,  as  usually  they  were  found  to  contain 
unhealthy  looking  pupae. 

6.  A  Note   on  Autographa  brassicae   Riley    (Lepid.). 

A  nearly  full-grown  larva  of  this  species  was  found  at  Paris, 
Texas,  July  5,  1904,  feeding  upon  tobacco.  Three  days  later 
a  cocoon  was  found  in  a  furrow  along  the  upper  surface  of  a 
leaf.  It  was  merely  a  triangular  enclosure  of  fine-spun,  white, 
closely-woven  silk,  through  which  the  larva  was  plainly  visi- 
ble. The  latter  pupated  at  12.30  P.  M.,  July  8.  On  July  13 
the  chrysalis  commenced  to  change  to  a  brownish  color  at  the 
wings  and  the  moth  emerged  during  the  early  morning  of 
July  14,  after  a  pupal  stage  of  about  five  days,  eighteen  hours. 
On  August  n,  1904,  the  larvae  were  still  common  on  tobacco 
in  a  garden,  quite  badly  injuring  some  of  the  plants.  On 
July  17  it  was  noted  that  the  adults  were  about  lights  at  night 
in  considerable  numbers. 

7.  Euptoieta  claucfia   (Lepid.). 

The  very  beautiful  toy-like  chrysalis  of  this  butterfly  was  obtained 
at  Paris,  Texas,  October  16,  1904;  it  became  almost  black  just  before 
emergence,  the  silver  spots  in  the  wings  fading  considerably.  After 
emergence,  I  could  not  force  it  to  take  any  position  other  than  one, 
in  which  the  wings  could  hang  down.  It  was  obviously  uneasy  in 
any  other  position. 

8.  Celatoria  diabroticae  Shimer   (Dipt.). 

A  puparium  of  this  species  was  found  clinging  to  the  leaf  of  a  corn 
plant  (Paris,  Texas,  May  27,  1904)  and  another  in  the  same  position 
but  near  the  dead  body  of  Diabrotica  vittata;  the  latter  had  one  side 
of  the  abdomen  missing  and  the  elytra.  An  adult  emerged  from  one 
of  these  on  May  31,  1904. 

9.  Anisota   senatoria    Hubner    (Lepid.). 

A  colony  of  the  caterpillars  of  this  moth  were  quite  often 
found  late  in  August,  1902,  at  Blacksburg,  Virginia,  ringing 
to  the  naked  twigs  and  leaf  petioles  of  oak ;  they  had  stripped 
these  latter  themselves.  But  they  were  found  on  certain  kinds 
of  oak  only  and  never  on  iiigrnm;  they  even  refused  the  latter 
when  urged  by  hunger  as  I  found  by  experiment.  Professor 
E.  A.  Smythe,  of  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  told  me 


56  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

that  he  had  had  the  same  experience  with  them.     The  larvae 
stripped  the  leaves  to  the  midrib. 

A  colony  obtained  on  August  26,  1902,  and  placed  within  a 
rearing  cage  molted  on  August  28  in  clusters,  leaving  the  shed 
skins  in  conspicuous  masses  attached  along  the  twigs.  The 
pupae  were  formed  in  the  earth  several  weeks  later. 

10.          A  Few  Fragments  on  Anasa  tristis  De  Geer  (Hemip.). 

The  following  miscellaneous  notes  were  taken  at  Paris, 
Texas,  in  1904.  On  June  7,  a  male  of  the  Tachinid  Tricho- 
poda  pennipes  was  reared  from  an  adult  female  tristis  which 
had  been  captured  on  May  15  and  kept  in  confinement.  The 
puparium  of  the  fly  was  formed  about  an  inch  below  the  sur- 
face of  the  soil  in  the  rearing  jar.  The  host  died  on  May  23; 
its  abdomen  was  empty  as  found  by  dissection.  Mr.  C.  T, 
Brues  identified  the  parasitic  fly.  Its  maggot  made  no  visible 
exit  through  the  body  of  its  host.  In  seven  egg-masses  of 
tristis  collected  in  the  field  from  squash  plants  between  May 
30  and  June  n  there  were  27,  13,  12,  20,  18,  29  and  34  eggs 
respectively ;  these  masses  were  either  on  the  under  or  upper 
surfaces  of  the  leaf,  but  most  of  them  on  the  under  surface; 
one  mass  was  on  the  stem  of  the  plant.  A  female  dissected  on 
June  ii  contained  in  her  ovaries  40  eggs,  many  of  which  were 
imperfect  and  pale ;  they  filled  the  entire  abdominal  cavity. 

Some  eggs  deposited  by  a  female  early  in  the  morning  of 
June  2  hatched  on  June  8  about  noon,  or  after  a  period  of  about 
seven  and  three  quarter  days ;  ten  eggs  deposited  at  two  o'- 
clock of  the  afternoon  of  June  20  hatched  about  noon,  June 
29,  or  after  eight  days,  twenty-two  hours.  A  third  lot  of 
eggs  laid  during  the  night  of  June  21-22,  hatched  late  p.  m., 
June  30,  or  after  about  nine  days. 

When  hatching  the  nymph  of  this  species  rises  perpen- 
dicularly from  the  exit  hole  in  the  end  of  the  egg;  before  the 
apex  of  the  abdomen  leaves  the  latter,  the  pinkish  appendages 
commence  to  spread  and  by  the  time  the  abdomen  has  been 
extricated,  the  bug  pushes  itself  from  the  egg  and  immediately 
walks  weakly  away.  The  exit-hole  is  opened  merely  by  push- 
ing aside  a  shield-shaped  lid  whose  presence  is  not  visible 


Vol.    XXIVJ  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  57 

until  a  few  hours  before  hatching  when  it  is  defined  by  lines 
of  yellow,  punctiform  spots.  The  newly  hatched  nymphs  are 
red,  the  abdomen  green;  the  colors  of  the  first  stadium  are 
present  after  about  a  half-hour. 

A  female  observed  depositing  eggs  on  June  20  (in  rearing 
jar)  laid  one  about  every  minute  and  a  quarter;  during  the  pro- 
cess the  tip  of  the  abdomen  was  rubbed  up  and  down  the  sur- 
face of  the  leaf  for  short  distances.  When  the  egg  was  passed 
the  abdomen  was  lifted,  whereupon  a  knotlike  swelling  could 
be  seen  passing  slowly  down  and  out  of  the  oviduct.  This  was 
the  egg.  It  was  extruded  base  down  and  placed  on  the  spot 
where  the  abdomen's  tip  had  been  rubbing. 

In  a  garden,  egg  masses  of  this  species  were  found  on  the 
foliage  of  cotton  and  watermelon. 

11.       Notes  on  Hadronotus  carinatifrons  Ashmead   (Hymen.). 

Females  of  this  egg  parasite  were  observed  in  the  field  at 
Paris,  Texas,  June  11,  1904,  depositing  eggs  into  a  mass  of  the 
eggs  of  Anasa  tristis.  The  mass  of  host  eggs  contained  thirty- 
four  individuals;  it  was  kept  and  the  resulting  adults  of  the 
parasite  emerged  during  the  morning  of  June  28 ;  the  non- 
parasitized  host  eggs  hatched  between  June  20  and  June  23. 
The  Hadronotus  continued  to  emerge  until  July  3. 

Adults  kept  in  confinement  with  fresh  lots  of  host  eggs  de- 
posited into  them,  died  usually  after  from  twenty-four  to  thir- 
ty-six hours.  The  ovipositing  female  straddles  over  the  host 
egg  when  depositing  into  it,  the  legs  usually  resting  on  adjoin- 
ing hosts ;  the  body  is  very  still,  humped,  the  head  and  an- 
tennae held  down,  the  latter  quiet  and  held  against  the  face  or 
else  hanging  inert ;  the  posterior  legs  are  extended  backward 
and  fixed  to  the  sides  of  the  attacked  egg  as  if  pulling,  while 
the  whole  body  at  times  pulsates  almost  imperceptibly  back 
and  forward.  A  single  egg  is  deposited  into  each  host  and  this 
usually  at  one  end  of  it,  low  down,  so  that  the  female's  body 
during  oviposition  is  usually  inclined  upward.  After  deposi- 
tion the  female  usually  crawls  off  a  short  distance  and  then 
returns  to  the  mass  of  host  eggs  to  recommence. 


58  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

The  perfect  embryo  of  the  parasite  fills  the  whole  interior 
of  the  host  egg,  which  finally  darkens. 

12.  The  Occurrence  of  Chalcis  ovata  Say  in  Texas  (Hymen.) 
The  adults  of  this  species  were  captured  on  the  following 

dates  at  Paris,  Texas,  in  1904,  from  a  wire  screen  around  a 
back  porch  of  a  residence:  March  2,  21,  22,  24  and  30.  Up 
to  March  24  there  were  only  a  few  specimens.  Next  day  they 
were  much  more  numerous,  about  twenty  specimens;  on  March 
30,  nearly  two  hundred  specimens  were  obtained.  On  May  7 
it  was  noted  that  the  adults  had  not  been  seen  for  many  days 
and  in  fact  they  were  not  noticed  again  until  October  12,  when 
an  adult  was  found  on  a  cotton  leaf  in  the  field. 

13.  Basilarchia  archippus  Cramer   (Lepid.). 

A  nearly  full-grown  larva  of  this  species  was  obtained  at 
Blacksburg,  Virginia,  June  28,  1902,  and  kept  in  the  labora- 
tory. It  was  on  a  willow,  upon  which  it  fed  by  commencing 
at  the  outer  edge  of  a  leaf  and  eating  in  about  half-way  to  the 
mid-rib,  continuing  thus  until  a  rectangular  piece  had  been  eat- 
en from  the  margin  of  the  leaf;  it  then  ate  out  the  remaining 
rectangular  leaf  portion  down  to  the  mid-rib.  It  feeds  jerkily, 
the  head  being  lowered  every  time  the  larva  bites. 

On  the  morning  of  July  2,  this  larva  was  found  to  have 
constructed  a  large  groundwork  of  silk,  from  which  it  was  sus- 
pended in  preparation  for  pupation.  The  chrysalis  appeared 
on  the  next  morning  and  the  adult  emerged  during  the  early 
afternoon  of  July  8,  or  after  about  four  and  a  half  days.  July 
7,  1902,  another  larva  was  obtained  from  willow,  full-grown. 
In  the  early  afternoon  of  July  8,  it  was  found  suspended  from 
a  pad  of  silk  preparatory  for  pupation ;  the  abdomen  was  curv- 
ed upward,  the  thorax  humped,  the  head  tucked  under.  At 
3:15  P.  M.,  the  same  day,  an  inner  squirming  motion  of  the 
larva  was  noticed  in  the  form  of  quick  convulsions  lasting 
about  twenty  minutes,  followed  immediately  by  a  split  of  the 
integument  along  the  thorax ;  the  chrysalis,  by  alternately 
lengthening  and  shortening  its  body,  quickly  freed  itself  from 
the  larval  integument. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOr.irAL  XR\VS.  59 

At  this  point  it  accidentally  dropped  to  the  ground,  a  dis- 
tance of  four  feet;  its  skin  was  broken  by  the  fall.  However, 
though  apparently  dead  the  next  day,  on  July  10  and  15  it 
had  seemingly  recovered  and  turned  very  dark  on  July  17.  At 
8  A.  M.,  July  18  the  butterfly  was  trying  to  emerge,  but  did 
not  succeed  in  doing  so.  The  wound  delayed  the  develop- 
ment greatly,  it  seems,  and  finally  killed  the  insect.  The  hiber- 
nacula  of  this  species  are  constructed  of  a  single  willow  leaf 
with  its  faces  folded  together  and  tied  there  by  silk.  The  hi- 
bernating larvae  leave  them  by  means  of  a  comparatively  large 
gaping  hole  at  the  distal  end.  In  the  same  locality,  chrysalids 
of  this  species  have  been  seen  in  May. 

14.  A  Record  of  Eupelmus  reduvii  Howard  (Hymen.). 
Seven  adults  of   this  parasite,   including  both   sexes,  were 

reared  from  the  eggs  of  Arilns  cristatus  (Linnaeus)  collect- 
ed at  Annapolis,  Maryland,  December  26,  1903.  The  para- 
sites emerged  at  Paris,  Texas,  April  1-12,  1904.  They  were 
identified  by  William  H.  Ashmead.  The  host  eggs  were  on 
peach. 

15.  Dryocampa  rubicunda  (Lepid.). 

An  eggmass  of  this  species  was  found  at  Blacksburg,  Vir- 
ginia, August  3,  1902,  on  the  under  surface  of  a  leaf  of  maple. 
They  were  in  a  single  layer,  the  mass  round  in  outline,  large, 
concaved.  When  ready  to  hatch  the  eggs  are  pale,  the  per- 
fect embryo  distinctly  visible ;  the  exit-hole  is  crescentic  and 
on  the  side  over  the  embryo's  head.  After  desertion,  the 
eggs  are  transparent,  like  small  capsules  of  gelatine.  The  mass 
contained  about  forty  eggs.  On  August  6,  larvae  were  pres- 
ent on  maple  in  all  stages.  One  colony  had  just  hatched,  an- 
other about  half-grown,  while  some  appeared  to  be  nearly 
full  grown.  These  were  all  in  the  same  tree.  The  young 
larvae  have  black  heads,  the  old  ones  red,  the  most  striking 
difference  between  them.  When  first  hatched  the  larva  is 
pale  yellow  tinged  with  green ;  head  and  legs  black ;  the  pro- 
legs  pale  yellow;  two  small,  black  hornlike  processes  are  borne 


60  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

by  the  second  thoracic  segment.  All  of  the  eggs  do  not  hatch 
at  the  same  time. 

Larvae  hatching  on  August  3,  1902,  and  kept  in  confinement 
molted  the  first  time  on  August  8,  late  in  the  afternoon.  The 
cervical  and  anal  shields  are  distinct  in  the  second  stadium, 
but  less  so  as  the  larva  ages.  The  larvae  nearly  doubled  their 
size  in  this  stadium.  The  second  molt  occurred  on  August 
14  and  the  third  on  August  21 ;  after  the  latter,  the  head 
became  red  in  most  cases — there  were  a  few  exceptions.  Small- 
er and  younger  larvae  have  been  observed  which  had  red 
heads,  but  the  majority  seem  to  change  only  after  this  molt. 
No  more  molts  were  observed.  Pupation  occurred  on  Sep- 
tember 3  and  that  stage  passed  the  winter. 

Pupation  with  other  larvae  was  noticed  on  August  10  and 

13- 

16.  An  Occurrence  of  Halisidota  tessellata  (Lepid,)- 

On  July  1 6,  1902,  a  pupa  of  this  moth  was  found  under  a 
log;  it  was  of  the  usual  form  for  its  family,  but  the  cocoon 
was  very  flimsy.  The  adult  emerged  on  July  21.  On  July  9, 
1902,  several  adults  were  taken  in  the  field. 

17.  Certain  Cynipid  Galls  Eaten  by  Children  (Hymen.). 

From  conversations  with  some  citizens  of  Floyd  County, 
Virginia,  in  June,  1903,  and  from  statements  voluntarily  made 
to  me  by  other  citizens  of  Virginia,  I  have  been  led  to  think 
that  there  is  some  foundation  for  believing  that  children  have 
a  fondness  for  the  taste  of  oak-apple  galls  (Cynips  spp.). 
A  graduate  student  in  the  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute  upon 
seeing  a  specimen  stated  voluntarily  that  he  "vised  to  eat  them 
when  a  child  and  that  when  they  were  smaller  and  contained  a 
little  worm  in  the  centre."  A  senior  student  in  the  same 
school  also  made  remarks  to  the  same  effect  and  said  also  that 
some  of  them  were  sweeter  than  sugar ;  he  had  eaten  the  larger 
specimens  "as  big  as  a  woman's  fist." 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  6l 

IS.  A  Note  on  Ovipositing  Females  of  Colias  philodice  (Lepid.)- 

At  Blacksburg-,  Virginia,  June  30,  1903,  in  a  clover  field,  I 
watched  females  of  this  common  butterfly  for  two  hours  in 
the  morning — the  sun  shining  brightly — and  they  seemed  to 
be  flitting  about  in  a  frivolous  manner,  alighting  here  and 
there  and  placing  an  egg  by  curving  the  abdomen  up  to  the 
spot  intended  for  it.  Seemingly,  they  thus  continue,  hour  after 
hour,  moving  ceaselessly  and  apparently  at  random,  but  never 
failing  to  pause  here  and  there  to  leave  an  egg.  The  latter 
becomes  pinkish  after  about  twenty-four  hours. 

19.  On  Hyphantria  cunea  Drury  (Lepid.). 

There  was  found  on  May  10,  1902,  at  Blacksburg,  Virginia, 
a  female  of  this  species  laying  eggs  upon  an  apple  leaf.  On 
the  following  day,  the  moth  having  been  confined,  oviposition 
was  completed,  the  female  then  dying.  The  eggs  are  depos- 
ited in  an  irregular  circular  mass  on  the  under  surface  of  the 
leaf,  in  a  single  compact  layer,  and  covered  with  a  loose  net- 
work of  gray  hairs  from  the  abdomen  of  the  parent  moth. 
They  are  pale  green,  nearly  the  color  of  the  surface  upon 
which  they  are  deposited,  circular  from  above.  Their  surface  is 
simple,  but  when  seen  under  a  microscope  with  tubercular  pro- 
jections. By  June  4,  the  larvae  from  these  eggs  had  grown 
to  nearly  a  half  inch  and  were  then  colored  like  the  older 
larvae. 

On  June  20  it  was  noticed  that  in  their  nests  the  larvae  in 
the  field  were  only  about  a  third  grown.  The  second  genera- 
tion of  larvae  was  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long  by  the  first  of 
September,  1902. 

20.  Variation  in  Hibernating  Adults  of  Megilla  maculata  DeGeer 

(Coleop.). 

A  large  mass  of  this  beetle  was  found  hibernating  under  a 
large  chip  of  wood  near  a  stump  in  a  ploughed  field  near 
Paris,  Texas,  February  25,  1904.  In  several  individuals  a 
large  mesial  portion  of  the  elytra  was  olive  green,  changing 
gradually  to  the  usual  pink  from  its  edges.  AU<>  many  speci- 


62  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

metis  were  very  pale  pink,  others  light  reddish  pink.  One 
specimen  was  wholly  dull  olive  green,  with  the  usual  black 
markings,  but  a  well-marked  color  variety,  nevertheless. 

21.  The  Threatening  Attitude  of  a  Staphylinid  (Coleop.). 
While  camped  at  Mountain  Lake,  Virginia,  July  26,   1902, 

a  large  species  of  this  family  was  noticed  in  a  sandy  road  lead- 
ing down  the  mountain;  the  abdomen  was  curled  over  its 
back  as  usual.  It  was  walking  rapidly  and  concealed  itself 
under  a  piece  of  wood  when  I  approached.  Upon  moving  the 
hand  toward  it,  the  abdomen  was  suddenly  darted  out  as  if 
to  sting ;  upon  closer  approach  of  the  hand,  the  movement  was 
more  rapidly  repeated  and  a  white  forked  process  suddenly 
projected  from  the  anus  at  each  movement.  The  insect  was 
harmless. 

22.  The  Host  of  Anagrus  spiritus  Girault  (Hymen.). 

Late  in  March,  1912,  I  received  for  identification  from  Mr. 
R.  L.  Webster,  Iowa  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic 
Arts,  five  slides  bearing  specimens  of  this  species,  all  labelled 
"From  egg  of  Empoasca  flavescens,  Ames,  Io\va,  R.  L.  W.," 
and  respectively,  "Exp.  234.  26  July,  1911,"  bearing  i  $  ,  I  9  ; 
"Exp.  208,  12  July,  1911,"  bearing  i$  ;  "Exp.  235,  27  July, 
1911,"  i  $  ,  i  9  ;  "Exp.  207,  22  July,  1911,"  bearing  I  $  ,  and 
"Exp.  233,  26  July,  1911,"  i  $  ;  a  total  of  5  $  's,  2  $  's. 

I  have  noticed  a  mistake  in  the  original  description  of  this 
species  (Entomological  News,  XXII,  May,  1911,  pp.  208-209), 
where  it  is  stated  "that  the  sixth  funicle  joint  is  barely  long- 
er than  the  first  (p.  208,  next  to  the  last  and  last  line)  :  the 
second  funicle  joint  was  intended  instead  of  the  first ;  more, 
the  second  joint  is  slightly  longer  than  the  first.  In  the  next 
sentence  (running  over  to  the  first  line  of  p.  209)  we  read 
"whereas  in  incarnatus  it  is  distinctly  longer  than  the  first 
funicle  joint  by  at  least  a  fourth,"  the  it  referring  to  the  sixth 
funicle  joint,  again  the  first  funicle  joint  should  have 
read  the  second.  The  identification  of  these  specimens  was  not 
easy  and  with  certainty  may  have  been  impossible  were  it  not 
for  the  fact  that  I  had  specimens  of  its  closest  ally,  arumtus 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  63 

Ashmead,  with  which  to  compare  it.  Thus,  in  my  table  of  the 
North  American  species  of  Anayrus  the  specimens  were  easily 
traced  to  the  section  containing  armatus  and  spiritus,  but  I 
could  get  no  closer  without  scrutiny  of  the  original  descriptions. 
The  two  species  are  very  closely  related,  but  spirit  us  has  more 
curved  and  broader  fore  wings,  the  latter  bearing  a  line  or  two 
more  of  discal  ciliation  and  with  the  naked  area  clearly  delimit- 
ed. These  points  do  not  always  show  in  single  specimens  of 
either  species.  Exceeding  care  must,  therefore,  be  exercised  in 
identifying  the  closely  allied  species  of  these  minute  Mymaridae. 

In  the  Iowa  specimens  of  spiritus  much  of  the  cephalic  por- 
tion of  the  thorax  was  dusky  black,  while  the  abdomen  was 
wholly  dark,  the  pale  intersegmental  spaces  not  showing; 
hence,  they  resembled  the  variety  nigriventris  of  armatus. 

Mr.  Webster  (in  litt.,  February  14,  1912,)  wrote  concern- 
ing the  specimens  of  spiritus:  "These  were  reared  from  the 
eggs  of  the  Jassids,  the  same  being  cut  out  from  the  leaf 
where  they  had  been  deposited  and  isolated  in  vials."  The 
species  is  recorded  in  the  literature  as  a  probable  parasite  of 
the  eggs  of  Aphis  pomi  De  Geer,  but  this  definite  record  of 
Mr.  Webster  makes  the  recorded  host  still  more  doubtful.  The 
fore  wings  of  armatus  are  only  compartively  like  those  of 
Polynema  longipes  (Ashmead)  ;  they,  in  reality,  are  still 
much  narrower.  In  another  place  I  show  that  spiritus  is  a 
synonym  of  armatus. 

The  Genus   Brachynemurus    (Neuroptera). 

P.y  NATHAN  BANKS,  East  Falls  Church,  Virginia. 
The  Myrmeleonid  genus  Brachynemurus  in  our  fauna  in- 
cludes many  species  which  are  widely  separated  in  structure 
from  the  original  typical  species.  Originally,  it  included,  in 
our  fauna,  two  closely  similar  forms  ;  but  gradually  other  spe- 
cies have  been  added  until  it  is  a  heterogeneous  assemblage. 
Tn  recent  years  many  new  genera  have  been  described  from 
exotic  countries,  and  to  keep  pace  with  the  present  status  of 
genera  in  the  family.  1  propose  to  divide  our  Brachynemurus 
into  four  groups,  which,  if  they  occurred  in  tropical  countries, 


64  ENTOMOLOG.CAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

would  be  considered  genera,  and  one  of  these  groups  would 
be  divided  into  two  or  more  genera. 

1.  Costals    with    some    connecting    gradate    or    cross-veins,    labial 
palpi    short;    first   anal    in   both   wings   runs   parallel   to   cubital 

fork  Brachynemurus 

Costals   simple,   or  forked   toward   stigma    2 

2.  Labial  palpi  greatly  elongated;  anal  in  both  wings  runs  parallel 

to  the  cubital  fork    Scotoleon 

Labial  palpi  no  longer  than   maxillary  or   not  much   so 3 

3.  In  hind  wing  the  first  anal  runs  parallel  to  cubital  fork;  more 

or  less  evident  bent  line  of  veins  in  wing Hesperoleon 

In  hind  wings  the   lirst  anal  bends  down  to  margin  on  reach 
ing  cubital  fork;  the  line  of  bent  veins  not  plain.  .Clathroneuria 

Brachynemurus   Hagen. 

This  genus  was  described  with  two  species,  B.  longicaudus 
and  B.  nebulosiis  (=ramburi}.  Both  of  these  have  some  of 
the  costals  connected  by  oblique  cross-veins.  In  both  wings 
the  first  anal  runs  parallel  to  the  fork  of  the  cubitus  for  some 
distance  and  is  connected  thereto  by  several  cross-veins.  The 
palpi  are  short ;  in  the  apex  of  wings  the  veins  are  somewhat 
bent  to  form  the  line.  In  fore  wing  three  cross-veins  before 
origin  of  the  radial  sector,  in  hind  wings  two  before  radial 
sector;  the  spurs  are  not,  or  scarcely,  equal  to  two  tarsal  joints. 
There  is  no  comb  of  bristles  on  the  outer  side  of  coxje  I. 
Male  abdomen  very  long.  B.  tubercnlatus  and  B.  clongatus 
agree  with  the  above  characters ;  also  B.  irrcgularis. 

Type. — B.  longicaudus  Burm. 

Hesperoleon  n.  gen. 

•Costals  simple,  or  forked  toward  the  stigma ;  usually  three 
cross-veins  before  radial  sector  in  fore  wing,  and  two  in  hind 
wing;  in  apex  of  wings  the  veins  bent  more  or  less  to  form  the 
line  ;  in  both  wings  the  first  anal  runs  parallel  to  the  cubital 
fork  for  some  distance,  and  is  connected  thereto  by  several 
cross-veins ;  spurs  rarely  more  than  equal  two  tarsal  joints ; 
coxa  I  without  comb  of  bristles  on  outer  side;  antennae  hardly 
one-half  their  diameter  apart ;  labial  palpi  not  elongated. 

Type. — B.  fcro.v  Walk,  (peregrinus  Hagen). 

Includes  many  species,  mostly  from  the  West;  as  carnzonus, 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  65 

bntnncits,  yarapai,  nigrilabris,  papago,  sackeni,  pallidus,  sing- 
iilaris,  hnblnirdi,  coquilletti,  abdominalis,  blandus,  etc. 

Clathroneuria  n.  gen. 

Costal  cross-veins  simple,  or  forked  toward  stigma;  In  apex 
of  wings  the  veins  are  not  bent  to  form  the  line;  in  fore  wing 
three  cross^-veins  before  radial  sector,  in  hind  wing  two  cross- 
veins  before  radial  sector;  in  fore  wing  the  first  anal  runs 
parallel  to  the  cubital  fork  for  some  distance;  but  in  the  hind 
wing  the  anal  bends  down  to  margin  when  out  as  far  as  the 
cubital  fork,  and  not  connected  more  than  once  to  the  cubital 
fork.  Spurs  not  as  long  as  two  tarsal  joints;  antennae  not  one- 
half  their  diameter  apart. 

T'ypc. — Brachyncmurus  schwarsi  Currie. 

Scotoleon  n.   gen. 

Includes  also  B.  pusillus,  barbcri,  and  delicatulus. 

In  hind  wing  two  cross-veins  before  origin  of  the  radial 
sector,  in  fore  wing  about  four  of  them.  In  fore  wing  the 
radial  sector  arises  long  before  the  cubital  fork;  in  hind  wing 
about  opposite  to  the  fork.  In  both  wings  the  anal  runs  par- 
allel to  the  cubital  fork  for  some  distance  and  connected  thereto 
by  several  veins ;  costals  simple,  except  some  near  stigma  are 
forked.  Coxa  I  without  comb  of  bristles ;  spurs  equal  two 
joints  of  tarsus.  Antenna  nearly  their  diameter  apart;  labial 
palpi  very  long,  the  last  joint  longer  than  width  of  the  face. 

Type. — Brachynemurus  longipalpis  Hagen. 

--*•*— *• — 

Revised  Keys  to  the  Species  of  Mosquitoes  and 

Mosquito  Larvae  found  in  New 

Jersey  (Dipt.). 

By   HARRY   B.   WEISS,   Assistant   to   State   Entomologist,   and 

RAYMOND  S.  PATTERSON,  Assistant  to  Agric.  Exper. 

Station  Entomologist,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

In  1904,  the  late  Dr.  John  B.  Smith  published  his  admirable 
report  on  the  mosquitoes  occurring  within  the  State,  which 
included  a  key  to  the  adults  and  larvae.  Since  that  time,  new 
species  have  been  described  and  various  changes  have  taken 


66  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

place  in  nomenclature  and  arrangement. 

In  view  of  the  large  amount  of  extermination  work,  which 
is  being  carried  on,  and  the  additional  attention  which  mosqui- 
toes are  receiving  in  New  Jersey  and  other  States,  it  was 
thought  advisable  to  revise  the  tables  and  bring  them  as  near 
as  possible  up  to  date. 

TABLE  TO  DETERMINE  THE  SPECIES  of  ADULT  MOSQUITOES. 
Series  X  in  which   the  wings  are  spotted. 

Palpi  uniformly  dark  brown. 

Wings  with  two  white  spots  on  the  front  margin  of  the  wing; 

last  vein   wholly   white    Anopheles  punctipennis   Say 

Wings   with    four   distinct   brown   spots ;    last   vein   wholly   dark 

brown    Anopheles   quadriniaculatus    Say 

Three    small    spots,    middle    of    wing;    abdomen    spotted    w?ith 

brown  and  yellowish  white   Aedes  discolor  Coq. 

Palpi   white   marked   at   base   of   joints;    last   vein   white   marked   with 

three  black  spots   Anopheles  crucians  Weid. 

Palpi  black  with  white  tips. 

Wings  grayish  with  distinct  white  spot  in  middle ;  thorax  black 
with   narrow   white   lines    Aedes  signifer   Coq. 

Series  Y  in  which  the  wings  are  not  spotted. 

A,  in  which  the  feet  are  white  or  yellowish-banded. 

I.  The  beak  has  a  more  or  less   distinct  white  band  or  ring  at 

or  near  its  middle. 

a.  The    abdomen    has    a    yellowish    stripe    down    its    middle, 

and  sides  of  thorax  are  white  below  a  black  edging, 

Aedes  sollicitans  Wlk. 

b.  The  abdomen  has  no  yellowish   stripe.     Sides  of  thorax 

are  not  white. 

1.  A  large  blackish   species  with   a  narrow  white  band 

near  the  tip  of  the  femur;  the  tibia  white-spotted. 

Aedes  jatnaicensis  Theob. 

2.  A  large  brown  species  with  a  lighter  band  near  the 

tip  of  the  posterior  tibiae,  the  latter  not  spotted. 

Co  quill  etiidia  perturbans  Wlk. 

3.  A    smaller,    blackish    species,    without    markings    on 

femur   or   tibia Aedes   taeniorhynchus  Wied. 

II.  The  beak   is   without   band   or   ring;    uniform   in   color. 

a.  The  joints  of  the  feet  or  tarsi  are  banded  or  ringed  at 
base  only. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  67 

1.  An   extremely   large,    brownish   black   species.      Legs 

fringed  with  erect  black  scales, 

Psorophora  ciliata  Fabr. 

2.  A  very  large  species  with  very  scaly  wings,  the  sides 

of  the  thorax  and  bands  of  abdomen  and  feet 
white  Aedes  sylvicola  Gross. 

3.  Wings  thickly  clothed  with  mixed  yellow  and  brown 

scales.  Thorax  with  broad,  brown  central  stripe. 
First  tarsal  segment  of  anterior  legs  not  banded, 

Aedes  fitchii  Felt 

4.  A   small   dark  species  with  lightly  scaled  wings ;  the 

white  bands  of  the  feet  narrow ;  those  of  the  ab- 
domen nearly  divided  in  the  centre, 

Aedes  sylvestris  Theob. 

5.  A    small    brown    species    with   the   hind    tarsi    wholly 

white    Aedes   niveitarsis   Coq. 

6.  A  good-sized   brown   species,   with   the  bandings  yel- 

lowish rather  than  white,  those  on  abdominal  seg- 
ments only  a  little  or  not  at  all  notched  at  the  mid- 
dle; breeds  on  salt  marshes  only, 

Aedes  cantator  Coq. 

7.  Very  like  the  preceding;   but  the  bands   of   the  ab- 

domen and  feet  are  broader  and  somewhat  lighter 
in  color.  Breeds  only  in  fresh  water  areas, 

Aedes  subcantans  Felt 

8.  Very  like  the  two  preceding;  but  thorax  has  a  central 

brown    stripe    Aedes   abfitchii   Felt 

b.  The  joints  of  the  hind   feet  at  least  are  white-banded  or 

ringed   at  both  base   and  tip;   while  last  joint  of  hind 
tarsi  is  usually  entirely  white. 

1.  A  good-sized  brown  species,  the  thorax  without  lines 

or   marks,   bands   of  tarsal  joints  broad, 

Aedes  canadcnsis  Theob. 

2.  A  small  blackish  species,  with  top  of  thorax  covered 

with  gray  hair  and  a  dark  line  down  its  centre ; 
bands  on  tarsi  are  narrow  and  white, 

Aedes  atropalpus  Coq. 

3.  A   medium-sized    species,    easily    recognized     by     the 

peculiar    golden    streaked    appearance    of    thorax, 

Aedes  dyari  Coq. 

c.  All   of  last  two   tarsal   joints   and   apex   of   middle   joint 

white. 

I.  A    large    or    medium    si/.ed    species,    black    with    deep 
purple   reflections    Aedes  sayi  D.   &  K. 


68  ENTOMOLOG.CAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

B,  in  which  the  feet  are  uniform  in  color,  not  in  any  way  marked  or 
banded. 

I.  The  thorax  is  marked  in  some  way,  with  stripes  or  spots,  or 
the  sides  are  white  or  golden  brown. 

a.  Species   with   longitudinal   white   or   blue   stripes. 

1.  There  are  two  white  longitudinal  stripes;  the   species 

is  of  moderate  size  and  blackish, 

Aedes  trk'ittatus  Coq. 

2.  There   is    a    well-defined    broad    central     white    band, 

and  the  top  of  the  head  is   also   white;   else  as  be- 
fore      Aedes    serratus    Theob. 

3.  There   is   a    diffuse   white   central    stripe,    not    denned 

as   before;    a   very   small   blackish    species, 

Aedes  dupreei   Coq. 

4.  There    is    a    central    metallic    blue    stripe ;    also    blue 

spots.     A  small  dark  brown  species, 

Uranotaenia   sapphirina   Arrib. 

b.  Species  in  which  the  thorax  is  yellowish,  white  or  brown, 

leaving    a    blackish    central    stripe    or    two,    usually    not 
sharply  denned ;  all  of  moderate  size. 

1.  The    thorax    is    yellowish;    brownish    abdomen    with 

narrow   white   bands    Aedes   pretans    Gross. 

2.  The  thorax  is  golden  yellow.     Abdomen  almost  black, 

with    broad    white    bands.  ..  .Aedes    abserratus    Felt 

3.  The  thorax   is   very   dark   brown  with   pale   yellowish 

scales  at  sides ;   abdomen  with   dirty   white  bands, 

Aedes  inconspicuus  Gross. 

4.  The   thorax   is   dark   brown,   with   two   pale   yellowish 

spots  on  centre.     Abdomen  dark  brown  with  white 
bands    Culex   saxatUis    Gross. 

5.  The   thorax   is   brown ;    abdomen   not   banded,   with   a 

metallic   silvery   gray   luster ;    legs   cream-colored, 

Aedes  pallidohirta  Gross. 

6.  The  thorax  is  golden  brown ;  the  abdomen  not  band- 

ed ;   legs  black    Aedes  aurifer  Coq. 

7.  The   thorax    is    silvery    white    at    the    sides,    not    ex- 

tending much  on  the  upper  surface,  most  of  which 
is  black ;   abdomen  not  banded. 

Aedes  triseriatus  Say 

c.  Species  in  which  thorax  is  white-dotted  only. 

I.  There  are  two  small  white  dots  on  each  side  of  the 
middle  and  a  U-shaped  white  mark  at  base;  the 
abdomen  is  banded  Culex  rcstuans  Theob. 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  69 

(1.  Species  in  which  the  entire  under  surface  is  silvery  white 
or  yellowish. 
I.  A  small  form  having  dorsal  surface  black;  stripes  on 

thorax    irregular    IVycomyia   smithii    Coq. 

II.  The  thorax   is   without  marks   or  ornamentation. 

a.  The  segments  of  abdomen  are  narrowly  banded  at  their 

bases. 

1.  A  small  dark  brown  species;   abdominal  bands  wider 

in  middle  than  at  sides  except  on  7th  segment,  which 
usually  has  a  narrow  band,  broad  at  sides, 

Acdes  fusciis  O.  S. 

2.  A  moderate-sized  brownish  species,  with  the  bands  of 

abdomen   of   moderate   width    ..Culcx  pipiens   Linn. 

3.  A  somewhat  darker,   longer-legged  species,  with  very 

narrow  regular  abdominal  bands, 

Culex  salinarius  Coq. 

b.  The  segments   of   abdomen   are  narrowly  banded  at  their 

apices  only. 

I.  A  small,  slight,  blackish  species.  .Culex  territans  Wlk. 

c.  The   abdomen   has   no   bands   or   only   the   merest   indica- 

tions of  them. 

1.  A   uniformly  dark  brown  species  of   moderate  size, 

Culex  melanurus  Coq. 

2.  Species    having    thorax    yellowish     brown,     somewhat 

polished,   with   a   thin   bluish   gray   frosting, 

Anopheles  barberi  Coq. 

TABLE  TO  DETERMINE  THE  LARVAE. 
Antennae   arising   from   the   sides   of   head   not   pendant i 

1.  No  siphon  or  breathing  tube  on  8th  abdominal   segment, 

Anopheles. ...   2 
A   siphon  or  breathing  tube  on  8th  abdominal   segment    3 

2.  Antennae  yellowish;  tracheal  gills  moderate  in  size. 

A.  punctipennis,  .1.  quadrimaculatus 
Antennae   shorter,   brownish;   tracheal   gills   short    -\.   crucians 

3.  Hair  tufts  on  thorax  and  abdomen  simple,  sparse  or  absent...   4 
Thorax   and  abdomen   with   star-shaped  or   stellate  hair  tufts. 

Uranotaenia  sapphirina 

4.  Abdomen    with    four   tracheal   gills   at   tip    5 

Abdomen    with    two   tracheal    gills   only;    a    small    whitish    species 

with  head   rounded   and   thorax   subquadrate, 

Wyeomyia  smithii 

5.  Antennae  arise   from  sides  of  anterior  part  of  head 6 


70  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Antennae  arise  from  near  middle  of  sides  of  head ;  the  mouth 
brushes  forming  a  club  at  sides  of  mouth;  a  very  large 
species  Psorophora  ciliata 

6.  The  scales  of  the  eighth  abdominal  segment  are  separate 8 

The  scales   of  the   eighth   abdominal   segment,   5   to  8  in   number, 

are  arranged  on  a  band    7 

The  scales  are  replaced  by  a  series  of  chitinous  bars,  arranged  in 
a  single  row  22 

7.  The  anal  siphon  is  very  large  and  stout,  dilated  centrally ;  antenna 

much  longer  than  head,  slender  with  an  even  outcurve  or 
convexity  Aedes  sayi 

The  anal  siphon,  shorter,  stout,  dilated  nearer  the  base;  antenna 
nearly  straight,  slender,  shorter  than  head.. Aedes  jamaicensis 

The  anal  siphon  is  short,  stubby,  not  dilated ;  antenna  much  longer 
than  the  head,  very  thick  medially,  bisinuate  or  with  an  out- 
ward and  an  incurve  or  convexity Aedes  discolor 

8.  The  scales  are  not  more  than   16  in  number   and    form  a  small 

patch    9 

The  scales  number  20  or  more  and  form  a  large  patch 12 

9.  Anal  siphon  of  moderate  length,  three  times  as  long  as  wide  or 

longer     10 

Anal  siphon  short,  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  wide n 

10.  About   12  elongate  scales  in  a  single  row;   12-16  siphonal  spines, 

each  with  one  moderate-sized  tooth,  and  sometimes  a  few 
very  small  ones  below  it  Aedes  fuscus 

Scales  10-15,  m  a  partly  double  row,  tapering  apically;  siphonal 
spines  14-18,  simple  or  with  2  or  3  teeth  ....Aedes  sylvestris 

Scales  7-12  in  patch;  a  small  translucent  species,  feeding  at  bot- 
tom; tracheal  gills  very  long  and  slender Aedes  dupreei 

Scales  6-7  arranged  in  a  curve;  tracheal  gills  long,  slender,  uni- 
formly tapering  Aedes  abserratus 

11.  A    stout    black    species,    the    thorax    white-banded;    antennal    tuft 

composed  of  many  hairs;  tracheal  gills  very  long, 

Aedes  serratus 
An  elongate  slender  gray  species ;  antennal  tuft  a  single  bristle ; 

tracheal  gills  short   Aedes  triseriatus 

A    large,    robust,    light    species ;    anal    siphon   bottle-shaped,     outer 

half    linear;    anal   gills     slightly   longer   than   width   of     ninth 

segment   Coquillettidia  perturbans 

12.  Anal  siphon  short,  not  much  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  13 
Anal  siphon  moderate,  from  2%  to  3%  times  as  long  as  broad.  .15 
Anal  siphon  long,  not  less  than  4  times  as  long  as  broad 21 

13.  Stout  compact  larva ;  antennal  tuft  of  several  hairs 14 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  71 

Long  slender  larva,  antennal  tuft  of  i  or  2  hairs ;  25-35  scales  in 
patch;  17-21  siphonal  spines  with  2  or  3  long  teeth  at  base, 

Aedes  atro palpus 

14.  Scales    14-22,    with   stout   apical   and   slender   lateral   spines ;    13-18 

siphonal  spines  with  2  or  3  small  teeth,  sometimes  simple; 
fresh  water  Aedes  trivittatus 

Scales  16-22  with  rounded  apex  and  slender  lateral  spines;  12-16 
siphonal  spines,  with  1-4  small  teeth  on  both  sides;  head 
maculate ;  salt  marsh  Aedes  taeniorhynchus 

Scales  20-40,  with  stout  apical  and  slender  lateral  spines;  16-24 
siphonal  spines  with  1-5  small  teeth;  head  generally  immacu- 
late ;  salt  marsh  Aedes  sollicitans 

15.  Scales    rather   broad    16 

Scales    elongate     17 

16.  Scales  35-40,  with  3  stout  apical  and  smaller  lateral  spines;   16-20 

siphonal    spines    with    1-3    small    teeth;    head    maculate;    salt 

marsh  breeder  4edes  cintator 

Scales  25-50,  with  one  very  stout  apical  and  slender  lateral  spine ; 
16-22  siphonal  spines,  with  i  or  2  large  and  4-6  smaller  teeth 
on  basal  half;  head  immaculate;  fresh  water  form, 

Aedes  subcantans 

17.  Only  the  terminal  segment  with  a  dorsal  plate  or  ring 18 

Last  two  segments,  with  dorsal  plates ;   antenna  very  short, 

Aedes  signifer 

18.  Antenna  not  specially  marked  or  colored    19 

Antenna  prominent,   white  at  base,   dark  at  tip.... Aedes  aurifer 

19.  Moderate   sized    species    20 

Very  large  larva;    scales  28-34,  with  long  apical  and  slender  la,t- 

eral    spines;    siphonal    spines    17-22    with    4   or    5    large   teeth 
basally   Aedes  sylvicola 

20.  Scales    25-30,    with    short    apical    and    very    short    lateral    spines ; 

siphonal   spines    16-20,    with    i    or   2   teeth   at   base,    i    usually 
very   large    Aedes  pretans 

Scales  40-45,  with  5-7  large  apical  and  smaller  lateral  spines ; 
16-22  siphonal  spines,  with  usually  i  or  2,  rarely  3  or  4  small 
teeth  Acdcs  inct>iispicniis 

Scales  45  (one  larva)  with  small,  slender,  apical  and  fine  lateral 
scales;  15-27  siphonal  spines  with  1-3  large  teeth;  rust  col- 
ored marks  on  thorax  Aedes  iiircitarsis 

Scales  25-50,  with  small  apical  and  smaller  lateral  spines ;  16-24 
siphonal  spines,  with  4-5  serrations  on  basal  half ;  antenna 

dark  at  tip    Aedes  canadensis 

21.     Antennal  tuft  above  the  middle. 


72  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Anal  siphon  of  moderate  length,  sides  a  little  inflated;   tracheal 

gills  moderately  long  Culex  pipiens 

Anal  siphon  very  long,  rather   slender,   slightly  tapering  to  tip; 
head  narrower  than  thorax ;  tracheal  gills  short, 

Culex  salinarius 

Anal  siphon  very  long  and  slender ;  a  little  constricted  centrally ; 
head   as   wide  as  thorax ;   tracheal  gills   moderate  or  long, 

Culex   territans 
Anal  siphon   very  long,   stout ;  tapering  uniformly.   Scales  about 

80    Aedes   dyari 

Antennal  tuft  below  the  middle. 

Scales  24-30,  antenna  not  arising  from  an  offset.  .Aedes  abfitchii 
Anal  siphon  of  moderate  length,  tracheal  gills   rather  long, 

.  Culex  restuans 
Anal  siphon  5  times  as  long  as  widest  diameter.    Antennae  dark 

at   tip    Aedes   fitchii 

22.     A  bronzed  brown  larva,  with  rather  long  moderately  stout,  black, 
breathing  tube    Culex   melanurus 


A  new  Hesperid  Butterfly  from  Cuba  (Lepid.)- 
By  HENRY  SKINNER. 

Ephyriades  cubensis  n.  sp. 

Female.  Expanse  49  mm.  Primaries  black  (very  dark  brown) 
with  three  small  silvery  dots  at  the  outer  third  of  the  costa,  extending 
into  the  wing  at  a  right  angle  from  the  costa ;  below  these  are  one  or 
two  silvery  dots  almost  obsolete,  and  in  the  disc  below  the  end  of  the 
discoidal  cell  are  two  other  silvery  spots,  much  more  distinct.  Beyond 
these,  toward  the  margin,  the  wing  is  somewhat  lighter  in  color.  Sec- 
ondaries black  and  very  faintly  marked  with  spots  or  bands  (almost 
obsolete). 

Underside.  Primaries  as  above,  with  the  spots  repeated,  but  more 
distinctly  shown.  Secondaries  smoky  black,  interspersed  with  light 
brown  scales  or  hairs,  that  show  distinctly  under  a  low  power  lens. 

Body  and  legs  black ;  pectus  and  palpi  white ;  antennae  black  with 
the  tips  lighter  in  color  below. 

Described  from  one  specimen,  from  Mr.  C.  T.  Ramsden, 
taken  at  La  Yberia,  twenty  miles  west  of  Baracoa,  Cuba, 
September  i8th,  1909.  Altitude  2000  feet. 

The  genus  to  which  this  species  is  referred  may  not  be 
the  correct  one.  To  be  sure  of  the  proper  genus  it  is  neces-. 
sary  to  have  a  specimen  of  the  male  sex. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  73 

Two  new  Otostigmi  from  India  (Myriop.). 

BY  RALPH  V.  CHAM  BERLIN,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 

Philadelphia. 

The  two  new  species  of  Otostigmits  here  described  may 
readily  be  distinguished  from  the  other  known  species  of  the 
genus  bearing  spines  upon  the  prefemur  of  the  anal  legs  by 
means  of  the  following  key.  In  this  key  only  the  more  closely 
related  forms  are  actually  taken  up;  but  it  is  constructed  so  as 
to  eliminate  all  others. 

a.  Dorsal  plates  margined  from  the  21  st  segment  cephalad  at  least  to 

the  eighth. 

b.  The  three  proximal  articles  of  the  antennae  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 
c.  Ventral  plates  without  true  longitudinal  sulci ;  at  most  with  shal- 
low furrows  or  pit-like  depressions. 

d.  Last  ventral  plate  with  the  sides  parallel  and  the  caudal  mar- 
gin convexly  rounded  ;  ventral  plates  with  eight  impressions, 

O.  cuneiventris  Poc. 
dd.  Last   ventral    plate    with    sides    converging    caudad    and   the 

caudal  margin  straight  or  incurved. 

e.  Prefemur  of  anal  legs  without  a  corner  spine  at  distal  end 
above;  ventral  plates  with  two  median  depressions,  one 

caudad  of  the  other   O.  ccylonicus  Haase 

ee.  Prefemur  of  anal  legs  with  a  well  developed  corner  spine; 
ventral  plates  with  a  pair  of  depressions  lying  one  each 
side  of  median  line  and  a  small  median  depression  at 

caudal   margin    O.   simplex   sp.   nov. 

bb.  Only  the  2  1-3  to  2  1-2  proximal  articles  of  the  antennae  glabrous, 
c.  Dorsal  plates,  excepting  at  most  the  first  seven,  bearing  from  7 

to  9  longitudinal  keels   which  are   serrate  or  tuberculate. 
d.  At  most  the  first  7  pairs  of  legs  with  two  tarsal  spines,  the 

others  with  i,  or  2Oth  and  2ist  with  none. 

e.  Articles  of  antennae  21  ;  sulci  of  sternites  weak,  developed 
only  on  anterior  1-3  or  1-2  of  plate;  20th  legs  with  no 
tarsal  spine.  O.  scaber  Pocock. 

ee.  Articles  of  antennae  17;  sulci  of  sternites  strongly  develop- 
ed, crossing  the  entire  plate ;  2oth  legs  with  a  tarsal  spine. 

O.  amballae  sp.  nov. 

dd.  First  18  pairs  of  legs  with  two  tarsal  spines.  Head  and  first 
dorsal  plate  chestnut,  with  the  other  dorsal  plates  bluish 
green  O.  insularis  Haase. 


74  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Otostigmus  amballae  sp.  nov. 

Dorsum  brown,  olive  along  middle  part  of  caudal  border  and  in  a 
number  of  interrupted  or  broken  longitudinal  lines  or  streaks.  Head 
and  first  dorsal  plate  somewhat  paler  than  dorsum.  Legs  testaceous 
or  yellowish;  the  posterior  pairs  distinctly  ringed  with  bands  of  green. 

Head  shining;  showing  numerous  fine  punctae  with  fewer  coarse 
ones  intermixed. 

Antennae  composed  of  17  articles  of  which  the  first  two  are  prac- 
tically glabrous  and  the  third  one  similarly  so  at  proximal  end. 

Dorsal  plates  from  the  third  to  the  penult  inclusive,  longitudinally 
bisulcate,  the  sulci  deep  and  completely  crossing  the  plates.  Plates 
from  about  the  fifth  caudad  distinctly  margined.  All  plates  excepting 
the  first  two  and  the  last  one  with  a  low  median  keel,  one  each  side  of 
this  geminated  by  the  sulcus,  and  two  between  the  sulcus  and  the 
lateral  margin,  these  more  lateral  keels  being  more  or  less  broken  and 
bearing  inconspicuous  tubercles  along  edges ;  keels  most  distinct  on 
the  caudal  segments.  First  and  second  plates  smooth.  All  plates  punc- 
tate. Last  plate  simply  bowed  out  caudad,  the  mesal  portion  of  mar- 
gin rounded,  not  angular ;  with  a  median  longitudinal  keel  extending 
from  the  anterior  margin  caudad  a  little  more  than  half  the  length, 
this  keel  being  followed  on  the  caudal  portion  of  the  plate  by  a 
conspicuous  median  furrow;  lateral  portions  of  plate  smooth  or  near- 
ly so. 

Prosternal  teeth  4  +  4;  of  these  the  most  ectal  is  much  the  smallest 
and  the  second  from  mesal  line  much  the  largest,  the  other  two  being  of 
intermediate  size;  line  of  apices  of  teeth  strongly  convex;  all  teeth 
angular. 

Ventral  plates  from  the  second  to  the  penult  inclusive,  deeply 
longitudinally  bisulcate ;  also  with  a  wider  and  shallower  median 
longitudinal  furrow  which  is  deepest  in  front  of  middle.  Plates  finely 
punctate  and  those  of  caudal  half  of  body  tuberculate;  the  tubercula- 
tion  becoming  more  and  more  conspicuous  caudad. 

Last  ventral  plate  narrowed  caudad,  with  the  sides  convex  and  the 
caudad  margin  weakly  concave.  On  caudal  half  with  a  distinct  median 
longitudinal  furrow  which  continues  cephalad  as  a  pair  of  finer  and 
less  distinct  furrows. 

Processes  of  coxopleurae  rather  long,  extending  caudad  of  ventral 
plate  about  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  latter;  terminating  in  four 
spines  or  points,  and  also  with  a  fifth  spine  on  coxopleural  margin 
near  caudoectal  corner. 

At  least  the  first  three  pairs  of  legs  with  two  tarsal  spines,  the 
others,  or  all  but  a  few  succeeding  these,  to  the  twentieth  inclusive, 
with  one  tarsal  spine. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  75 

Prefemur  of  anal  legs  armed  ventrally  with  an  ectal  series  of  3 
spines  and  a  mesal  one  of  2;  in  addition  with  a  strictly  mesal  series 
of  3  spines  increasing  in  size  distad,  and  along  dorsomesal  surface  a 
series  also  of  3  spines,  the  distal  one  of  the  latter  being  the  corner 
spine  at  end  of  joint.  Other  articles  unarmed  and  smooth. 

Length,  38  mm. 

Locality. — Amballa,  India  (Rev.  M.  M.  Carleton  coll.,  1873). 
The  type  is  in  the  Mus.  of  Comp.  Zoology  at  Cambridge. 

Otostigmus  simplex  sp.  nov. 

Type  specimens  at  present  much  bleached  from  long  preservation 
so  that  original  coloration  cannot  be  definitely  ascertained.  At  pres- 
ent they  are  brownish,  with  a  pale  median  longitudinal  stripe.  Legs 
yellowish. 

Head  finely  and  sub-densely  punctate,  the  punctae  being  more  sparse 
in  the  frontal  region.  A  weak  median  longitudinal  furrow  midway 
between  sulcus  and  caudal  margin  and  a  more  sulciform  impression 
from  anterior  margin  a  short  distance  caudad. 

Antennae  composed  of  18  articles  of  which  the  first  three  are  glab- 
rous. 

Dorsal  plates  from  the  fourth  to  the  penult  longitudinally  bisulcate. 
Plates  from  the  7th  or  8th  caudad  distinctly  laterally  margined. 
Finely  punctate,  but  otherwise  very  smooth,  showing  no  carinae,  or  at 
most  on  some  of  the  caudal  plates  with  a  median  one  obscurely  set 
off  by  2  faint  longitudinal  furrows. 

Last  dorsal  plate  with  caudal  extension  sub-triangular,  the  lateral 
portions  straight  or  nearly  so  from  corners  to  median  line,  the  median 
angle  narrowly  rounded. 

Prosternal  teeth  5  4-  5  ;  all  teeth  well  rounded  and  the  more  mesal 
ones  appearing  as  mere  crenations  in  the  dental  plate,  the  ectal  ones 
better  separated  and  more  angular.  Process  of  femuroid  of  pre- 
hensors  large;  with  a  single  rounded  crenulation  or  tooth  on  ectal 
side  and  two  on  the  mesal. 

Ventral  plates  all  finely  punctate.  Wholly  lacking  true  sulci ;  but 
each  with  a  broad  longitudinal  depression  or  furrow  on  each  side 
which  does  not  reach  either  the  anterior  or  the  posterior  margin;  in 
addition  there  is  a  much  smaller  median  foveola  or  depression  imme- 
diately in  front  of  the  caudal  margin. 

Last  ventral  plate  narrowed  caudad,  the  converging  sides  straight, 
excepting  at  ends,  where  they  are  convex,  caudal  margin  distinctly  in- 
curved. Convex,  smooth  and  without  furrows,  excepting  for  a  me- 
dian longitudinal  one  over  the  caudal  third  of  length. 

Coxopleurae   produced   beyond   the   last   ventral  plate   two-thirds   to 


/6  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

three-fourths  the  length  of  the  latter ;  process  terminating  in  3  points 
or  spines  and  with  a  lateral  spine  on  the  ectal  margin. 

Between  7  and  12  first  pairs  of  legs  with  the  tarsi  bearing  2  spines, 
the  others  with  a  single  tarsal  spine,  excepting  the  penult  and  anal 
pairs  which  have  none. 

Prefemur  of  anal  legs  with  a  row  of  3  strictly  ventral  spines;  along 
mesoventral  edge  with  a  series  of  3  spines ;  and  along  mesodorsal 
edge  with  a  third  series  also  of  3  spines,  the  distal  one  of  the  last 
mentioned  being  at  the  corner ;  the  median  spine  in  each  series  larg- 
est. Other  joints  wholly  smooth. 

Length,  50  to  55  mm. 

Locality. — Not  definitely  known ;  but  probably  India.  It  is 
certainly  from  the  Eastern  Hemisphere,  as  shown  by  the  pres- 
ence of  spines  on  the  anal  legs.  The  type  specimens  are  in  the 
Mus.  of  Comp.  Zoology  at  Cambridge. 


Studies   Amongst  the  Coccinellidae,  No.  5  (Col.). 

A    New   and   Interesting   Species. 
By  F.  W.  NUNENMACHER,  Piedmont,  California. 

Coccinella  bridwelli  n.  sp. 

Color — Shining  black  throughout,  except  two  small  irregular  tri- 
angular spots  on  head,  anterior  angles  of  pronotum  broadly  yellow, 
and  the  meso-episternum  which  is  whitish  yellow.  Form— Broadly 
oval.  Head — Finely  and  shallowly  punctured.  Pronotum — Finely, 
closely  and  more  deeply  punctured  than  the  head.  Elytra — Not  so 
closely  punctured,  but  otherwise  punctured,  the  same  as  the  pronotum. 
Ventral  surface — A  little  more  coarsely  punctured  than  the  elytra. 
$  last  ventral  segment  with  large  irregular  fovea. 

Length — $    5.50  mm.      9    6  mm.      IVidth — $   4.5  mm.      9   4.50  mm. 

Type — $  9  in  my  collection  (and  4  cotypes  in  Mr.  J.  C. 
Bridwell's  collection). 

Type  locality. — Tahquitz  valley,  San  Jacinto  Mts.,  Cal.  VII. 
17,  1912  (Bridwell). 

This  pretty  species  belongs  to  the  transvcrsoguttata  group  on 
account  of  its  spotted  head.  I  take  great  pleasure  in  naming 
this  species  for  its  discoverer,  Mr.  J.  C.  Bridwell. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 

[The  Conductors  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  solicit  and  will  thank- 
fully receive  items  of  news  likely  to  interest  its  readers  from  any  source. 
The  author's  name  will  be  given  in  each  case,  for  the  information  of 
cataloguers  and  bibliographers.] 


TO  CONTRIBUTORS.— All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience,  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  has  reached 
a  circulation,  both  in  numbers  and  circumference,  as  to  make  it  neces- 
sary to  put  "copy"  into  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  each  number,  four 
weeks  before  date  of  issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
or  important  matter  for  a  certain  issue.  Twenty-five  "extras,"  without 
change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free,  when  they  are 
wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired,  this  should  be  stated 
on  the  MS.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowledged.  Proof  will 
be  sent  to  authors  for  correction  only  when  specially  requested. — Ed. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  FEBRUARY,    1913. 

The  Meetings  at  Cleveland. 

Some  twenty-five  scientific  societies  are  said  to  have  met  in 
Cleveland  in  the  last  days  of  December  and  first  days  of  Jan- 
uary in  conjunction  with  the  Sixty-fourth  Meeting  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  To 
six  of  these  bodies,  namely.  Section  I,  Social  and  Economic 
Science,  of  the  Association  itself,  The  American  Society  of 
Zoologists,  The  American  Association  of  Economic  Entomol- 
ogists, The  Entomological  Society  of  America,  The  American 
Association  of  Official  Horticultural  Inspectors,  and  The  Amer- 
ican Society  of  Naturalists,  papers  of  an  entomological  char- 
acter were  contributed,  and  as  the  meetings  of  the  six  were 
held  in  buildings  (of  "Western  Reserve  University  and  the 
Normal  School)  near  together,  it  was  very  easy  and  conveni- 
ent to  pass  from  one  to  the  other.  It  was,  indeed,  necessary 
at  times  to  choose  between  two  attractive  programs,  but,  even 
with  the  loss  that  this  implied,  it  is  a  matter  for  congratulation 
that  the  allied  interests  represented  by  these  associations  were, 
for  the  greater  part  of  a  week,  assembled  in  the  same  place. 
Such  temporary  unions  may  not  always  be  possible,  but  it  is 
surely  desirable  that  they  should  take  place  whenever  facilities 
equal  to  those  at  Cleveland  can  be  had.  The  two  professedly 
entomological  societies  met  in  the  Normal  School  Building,  the 
Economic  Entomologists  following  the  Entomological  Society 

77 


78  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

of  America,  and  much  of  the  success  of  these  meetings  is  due 
to  the  kindly  aid  and  supervision  of  the  details,  for  which  we 
thank  our  local  member,  Mr.  E.  H.  Edwards. 

Some  time  must  of  course  elapse  before  the  publication  of 
all  the  entomological  papers  read  at  Cleveland,  so  we  have 
thought  it  of  interest  to  our  readers  to  present  here  a  classified 
list  of  them  with  such  indications  of  the  addresses  of  the  speak- 
ers that  workers  in  the  same  subjects  may  know  to  whom  to 
apply  for  further  information.  Abbreviations  of  the  names  of 
the  six  societies  mentioned  above  denote  the  body  before  which 
each  paper  was  read,  either  by  title  or  in  full. 

GENERAL  SUBJECTS.— Organization  for  Effective  Work,  F.  W. 
RANE,  Boston,  Mass. ;  The  Arrangement  of  Material  in  an  Entomolog- 
ical Bulletin,  R.  L.  WEBSTER,  Ames,  Iowa.  (Econ.  Ent.)  A  few  ex- 
periments in  photographing  living  insects,  F.  L.  WASHBURN,  State 
Entomologist  of  Minnesota;  Notes  on  insects  of  a  lake  beach, 
HERBERT  OSBORN,  Ohio  State  University  (Ent.  Soc.).  Entomological 
Pioneering  in  Arizona,  A.  W.  MORRILL,  Phoenix,  Ariz.  (Econ. 
Ent.).  An  Entomologist  in  Costa  Rica,  Annual  Public  Address,  DR. 
PHILIP  P.  CALVERT,  University  of  Pennsylvania.  (Ent.  Soc.) 

GENERAL  MORPHOLOGY.  —  Propharynx  and  hypopharynx. 
ALEX.  D.  MACGILLIVRAY,  University  of  Illinois ;  Studies  on  the 
mouth-parts  of  Rhyparobia  madcriae  (Blattidae)  with  a  considera- 
tion of  the  homologies  existing  between  the  appendages  of  the 
Hexapoda,  L.  B.  WALTON,  Kenyon  College.  (Ent.  Soc.). 

GENERAL  PHYSIOLOGY.— Apparatus  for  Maintenance  of  Ther- 
mal Climatic  Conditions,  S.  J.  HUNTER,  Lawrence,  Kans.  (Econ.  Ent.). 
Some  facts  regarding  the  influence  of  temperature  and  moisture  changes 
on  the  rate  of  insect  metabolism,  T.  J.  HEADLEE,  N.  J.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta- 
tion. (Ent.  Soc.).  Some  Results  of  Studies  on  Behavior  and  Star- 
vation of  Dermestidae,  J.  E.  WODSEDALEK.  (Amer.  Soc.  Zool.).  How 
Contact  Insecticides  Kill,  G.  D.  SCHAFEE,  East  Lansing,  Mich.;  Some 
Experiments  with  Roentgen  Rays  upon  the  Cigarette  Beetle, 
Lasiodcrma  scrncornc,  A.  C.  MORGAN  and  G.  A.  RUNNER,  Clarksville, 
Tenn.  (Econ.  Ent.) 

REPRODUCTION  AND  SEX  DETERMINATION.— The  Off- 
spring of  Certain  Wing-Mutants  X  Normal  Drosophila  and  Sexual 
Dimorphism,  F.  E.  LUTZ,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 
(Amer.  Soc.  Zool.).  Results  of  Crossing  Two  Hemipterous  Species 
with  Reference  to  the  Inheritance  of  an  Exclusively  Male  Charac- 
ter, and  its  Bearing  on  Modern  Chromosome  Theories,  K.  FOOT  AND 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  79 

E.  C.  STROBELL  (Amer.  Soc.  Natur.)  Spermatogenesis  in  Spiders, 
T.  S.  PAINTER;  The  Life-Cycle  and  Sex  in  Thysanoptera,  A.  F.  SHULL, 
University  of  Michigan  (Amer.  Soc.  Zool.) 

INSECTS  INJURIOUS  TO  PLANTS.— Economic  Entomology  at 
the  Second  International  Congress  of  Entomology,  L.  O.  HOWARD, 
Washington,  D.  C. ;  New  Destructive  Insects  in  New  York,  P.  J. 
PARROTT,  Geneva,  N.  Y. ;  Results  of  Experiments  in  Controlling  the 
Gypsy  Moth  by  removing  its  favorite  food  plants,  A.  F.  BURGESS  and 
D.  M.  ROGERS,  Boston,  Mass.;  Further  Data  on  Heat  as  a  Means  of 
Controlling  Mill  Insects,  GEORGE  A.  DEAN,  Lawrence,  Kans. ;  A  City's 
Attempt  to  Trap  Brown-Tail  Moths,  C.  H.  HADLEY,  JR.,  Durham,  N. 
H.;  The  Sugar  Cane  Insects  of  Porto  Rico,  D.  L.  VAN  DINE,  Rio 
Piedras,  C.  R. ;  Notes  on  the  Rice  Water-Weevil,  Lissorhoptrus  sim- 
plex Say.,  and  its  Control,  WILMON  NEWELL,  College  Station,  Texas; 
The  Sugar  Beet  Leaf-Hopper,  E.  D.  BALL,  Logan,  Utah;  Some 
Notes  on  Laphygma  frugipcrda  in  Porto  Rico,  THOMAS  H.  JONES,  Rio 
Piedras,  P.  R. ;  Recent  Studies  on  the  Weevil  and  Bud  Moth  of  the 
Walnut  and  a  Saw  fly  attacking  Blackberry,  W.  E.  BRITTON,  New 
Haven,  Conn. ;  The  Introduction,  Methods  of  Control,  and  Spread  of 
the  Mediterranean  Fruit  Fly  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  and  the  Danger 
of  Introducing  this  Pest  into  the  United  States,  HENRY  H.  SEVERIN, 
Madison,  Wis.  (Econ.  Ent.,  11  titles).  The  Disastrous  Work  of  the 
Mediterranean  Fruit  Fly  and  Melon  Fly  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
HENRY  H.  SEVERIN.  (Amer.  Ass.  Off.  Hort.  Insp.).  Peach  Stop-back, 
the  work  of  the  Tarnished  Plant  bug.  Controlling  the  Apple  Leaf- 
Hopper  in  Missouri,  and  The  Unspotted  Tentiform  Leaf-miner  of 
the  Apple,  LEONARD  HASEMAN,  Columbia,  Mo. ;  The  Codling  Moth 
and  One  spraying  in  the  Hudson  Valley,  E.  P.  FELT,  Albany,  N.  Y. ; 
Fall  Spraying  for  the  Pear  Psvlla,  H.  E.  HODGKISS,  Geneva,  N.  Y. ; 
The  Success  of  a  Two-Spray  Calendar  in  a  Kansas  Orchard,  H.  B. 
HUNGERFORD,  Lawrence,  Kans. ;  Results  of  the  Arsenical  Poisoning 
Investigation,  E.  D.  BALL,  E.  G.  TITUS,  and  J.  E.  GREAVES,  Logan, 
Utah ;  Notes  on  comparative  tests  with  Zinc  Arsenite  and 
Arsenate  of  Lead,  W.  J.  SCHOKNE,  Geneva,  N.  Y. ;  Arsenical 
Residues  on  Fruit,  W.  C.  O'KANE,  Durham,  N.  H. ;  Injuries  following 
the  application  of  Petroleum  and  Petroleum  products  to  Dormant 
Trees,  E.  P.  FELT,  Albany,  N.  Y.  (Econ.  Ent.,  TO  titles). 

INSECTS  INJURIOUS  TO  MAN  AND  OTHER  ANIMALS.- 
Role  of  Economic  Entomology  in  the  Conservation  of  Human  Life, 
DR.  L.  O.  HOWARD,  Entomologist  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
and  Permanent  Secretary  A.  A.  A.  S.  (Section  I,  A.  A.  A.  S.).  An- 
nual address  of  the  President,  [Insects  Transmitting  Disease]  W. 
D.  HUNTER,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C.  (Econ.  Ent.). 


80  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Some  sources  of  laboratory  material  for  work  on  the  relation  of  in- 
sects to  disease,  WILLIAM  A.  RILEY,  Cornell  University;  Determining 
the  flight  of  mosquitoes,  JAMES  ZETEK,  Sanitary  Commission,  Canal 
Zone.  (Ent.  Soc.).  Mosquito  Control  Work  in  Connecticut  in  1912, 
W.  E.  BRITTON,  New  Haven,  Conn.;  Pellagra  and  the  Sand-fly  II. 
S.  J.  HUNGER,  Lawrence,  Kans. ;  The  Transmission  of  Infantile  Paraly- 
sis by  Stomoxys  oalcitrans,  a  resume  of  Observations  by  Brues  & 
Sheppard  and  Experimental  Work  by  Rosenau  &  Brues  and  Ander- 
son &  Frost,  C.  T.  BRUES,  Forest  Hills,  Mass.;  The  Stable  Fly. 
Stomoxys  calcitrant  L.,  its  Bionomics  and  Life  History,  C.  GORDON 
HEWITT,  Ottawa,  Can.;  The  Stable  Fly,  Stomoxys  calcitrant  L.,  an 
important  Live  Stock  pest,  F.  C.  BISHOPP,  Dallas,  Texas.  (Econ.  Ent., 
5  titles).  Some  anatomical  studies  of  Stoino.vys  calcitrans  Linn.,  C. 
K.  BRAIN,  Ohio  State  University.  (E"nt.  Soc.).  A  Campaign  Against 
Flies,  JEAN  DAWSON,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  (Section  I.,  A.  A.  A.  S.). 
Some  external  parasites  of  domestic  fowls,  G.  W.  HERRICK,  Ithaca,  N. 
Y. ;  Notes  on  little  known  habits  of  the  spotted  fever  tick,  R.  A. 
COOLEY,  Bozeman,  Mont. ;  Additional  Notes  on  the  Biology  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  Spotted  Fever  Tick  (Dcrmaccntor  I'cnustus  Banks), 
F.  C.  BISHOPP  and  W.  V.  KING,  Dallas,  Texas.  (Econ.  Ent.). 

BENEFICIAL  INSECTS.— Some  natural  Enemies  of  Red 
Spiders,  H.  J.  QUAYLE,  Berkeley,  Calif. ;  Preliminary  Review  of  the 
Parasites  of  Coccus  hesperidum  in  Calif.,  P.  H.  TIMBERLAKE,  Whittier, 
Cal.  (Econ.  Ent.). 

SPECIAL  GROUPS.  ARACHNIDA.— The  Origin  of  Arachnida  in 
the  Light  of  Palaeontological  Evidence,  ALEXANDER  PETRUNKEVITCH, 
Yale  University  (Amer.  Soc.  Zool.). 

THYSANLIRA. — Notes  on  the  Distribution  of  Thcrmolna  domcs- 
tica  and  Lepisnia  sacclvirina,  S.  R.  WILLIAMS,  Miami  University 
(Amer.  Soc.  Zool.). 

ORTHOPTERA.— Notes  on  Three  Common  Tree  Crickets,  P.  J. 
PARROTT  and  B.  B.  FULTON,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

PLECOPTERA. — Mating  and  egg-laying  habits  of  Pcrla  imiuar- 
ginata  Say.,  LUCY  WRIGHT  SMITH,  Mount  Holyoke  College.  (Ent. 
Soc.). 

EPHEMERIDA. — Eggs  and  egg-laying  of  may-flies,  ANNA  H. 
MORGAN,  Mount  Holyoke  College.  (Ent.  Soc.). 

HEMIPTERA. — Remarks  on  the  Cicadidae  with  special  reference 
to  the  Ohio  species,  PROF.  HERBERT  OSBORN,  Ohio  State  University ; 
A  study  in  antennal  variation,  EDITH  M.  PATCH  and  WILLIAM  C. 
'WOODS,  Maine  Agr.  Exp.  Station.  (Ent.  Soc.).  ,SV/n~<>Ht'»r<j  nlmi 
(fodiens)  distinguished  from  Sclii'joneura  lanigcra  (americana), 
EDITH  M.  PATCH,  Orono,  Maine.  (Econ.  Ent.).  Life  cycle  and  de- 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  8l 

velopment  of  the  Tarnished  Plant-bug,  Lygus  pratensis  Linn,  LEONARD 
HASEMAN,  University  of  Missouri ;  The  strigil  in  Corixidae  and  its 
probable  function,  J.  F.  ABBOTT,  Washington  University.  (Ent.  Soc.). 

THYSANOPTERA.— Head  and  mouth-parts  of  Cephalothrips  yuc- 
cae,  ALVAH  PETERSON,  University  of  Illinois.  (Ent.  Soc.). 

COLEOPTERA. — The  ontogeny  of  elytral  pigmentation  in  Cicindela, 
VICTOR  E.  SHELFORD,  University  of  Chicago;  Life  history  and  habits 
of  Trogoderma  tarsale,  a  museum  pest,  J.  E.  WODSEDALEK,  University 
of  Wisconsin.  (Ent.  Soc.). 

TRICHOPTERA.— An  interesting  feature  in  the  venation  of 
Helicopsychc,  the  Mollannidae,  and  the  Leptoceridae,  C.  BETTEN,  Lake 
Forest  University.  (Ent.  Soc.). 

LEPIDOPTERA.— The  homology  of  the  body  setae  of  lepidopterous 
larvae,  Y.  H.  Tsou  and  S.  B.  FRACKER,  University  of  Illinois;  The 
anatomy  of  some  lepidopterous  pupae,  EDNA  MOSHER,  University  of 
Illinois;  The  tracheation  of  the  pupal  wings  of  some  saturnians,  N. 
L.  PARTRIDGE,  University  of  Illinois.  (Ent.  Soc.). 

DIPTERA.— On  the  biology  of  Drosophila  ampelophila,  FRANK 
LUTZ,  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. ;  Observations  on  the  biology  of  a  blow- 
fly and  a  flesh  fly,  E.  P.  FELT,  State  Entomologist,  New  York.  (Ent. 
Soc.). 


Notes   and.    Ne\vs. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   GLEANINGS   FROM    ALL   QUARTERS 
OF    THE    GLOBE. 

Eleodes  in  Minnesota  (Coleop.) 

During  the  months  of  July  and  August,  1911,  while  collecting  on  the 
low  sand  hills  west  of  Fergus  Falls,  Minnesota,  I  had  the  good  for- 
tune to  secure  several  specimens  of  Eleodes  tricostata  Say.  The 
beetles  were  found  under  boards  along  the  Union  Pacific  Railway 
tracks  and  were  quite  common.  This  species  I  also  collected  in  the 
latter  part  of  August  at  Wall  Lake,  Minnesota,  about  six  miles  east 
of  Fergus  Falls.  Here,  also,  the  region  is  sandy  but  the  beetles  were 
not  so  common  as  at  Fergus  Falls.  This  is,  I  believe,  the  first  record 
of  the  occurrence  of  Eleodes  in  the  State. 

Blaisdell,  in  his  "Revision  of  the  Eleodiini  of  the  United  States" 
(Bull.  63,  U.  S.  N.  M.,  1909),  says  of  the  sub-genus  Mclaneleodes 
Blaisdell :  "Distributed  throughout  nineteen  States  out  of  the  twenty- 
three  west  of  the  Mississippi  River.  I  have  no  record  of  specimens  from 
Missouri,  Arkansas,  Minnesota  and  Louisiana." 


82  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Professor  H.  F.  Wickham  (List  of  the  Coleoptera  of  Iowa,  1909). 
gives  the  following  Iowa  records :  Eleodes  suturalis  Say,  "Lyon 
County."  Elcodes  tricostata  Say,  "Elma,  Ames,  Independence;  and 
Lyon,  Dickinson,  Emmet  and  Woodbury  Counties."  The  Dickinson 
County  records  are  based  on  specimens  taken  in  the  vicinity  of  Lake 
Okoboji,  by  B.  Shimek,  O.  W.  Rosewall  and  A.  O.  Thomas.  In  this 
locality  the  species  seems  quite  abundant. — DAYTON  STONER,  State 
University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

Andrena  dunningi  Ckll.    (Hymen.) 

Since  this  species  was  described  from  Connecticut  in  1898,  a  good 
deal  of  confusion  has  arisen  concerning  it.  In  ENTOM.  NEWS,  July, 
1907,  p.  286,  Viereck  writes  A.  nh'alis  Sm.,  with  synonyms  pnini,  dun- 
ningi, viciniformis,  coni'exa  and  viburnella.  However,  in  the  separate 
he  kindly  sent  to  me,  he  has  in  a  manuscript  emendation  removed 
pruni,  dunningi  and  z'iburnclla  from  the  synonymy  of  nivalis,  making 
I'ibiirnclla  a  sub-species  of  A.  pcrplc.va,  and  [>runi  a  distinct  species 
with  synonym  dunningi.  It  is  certain  that  dunningi  is  not  nivalis  (the 
type  of  which  I  have  seen)  ;  they  not  only  differ  in  their  characters, 
but  Dr.  Graenicher  finds  their  time  of  flight  is  different.  The  charac- 
ters of  dunningi  are  not  those  of  pruni,  but  the  description  of  z'icini- 
forniis  agrees  with  dunningi.  I  have  just  received  a  post  card  from 
Mr.  Charles  Robertson  in  which  he  states  that  his  viciniformis  is  iden- 
tical with  dunningi;  the  latter  has  two  years'  priority.  The  insect  is 
well  distinguished  from  A.  pruni  in  both  sexes,  as  shown  in  Robert- 
son's tables,  Trans.  Arner.  Ent.  Soc.,  XXVIII,  pp.  190-192. —  T.  D.  A. 
COCKERELL. 

Notes  on  Lycaena  neurona   (Lepid.). 

This  species  was  described  from  the  female  sex,  in  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
NEWS,  vol.  13,  p.  15,  1902.  T  had  at  that  time  five  specimens  that  I 
took  to  represent  both  sexes,  but  I  did  not  dissect  out  the  genitalia 
to  be  sure.  They  came  from  Doble,  California,  which  place  Mr.  W.  G 
Wright  in  his  "Butterflies  of  the  West  Coast"  describes  as  follows:— 
"It  is  a  high  mountain  valley  6,500  feet  in  altitude,  the  northern  and 
eastern  sides  being  bordered  by  the  Mojave  Desert.  But  few  forms 
of  butterfly  life  are  present  there,  but  the  few  which  do  occur  may 
well  be  variations  of  one  kind  or  another.  The  locality  Doble,  is  at 
the  upper  end  of  Bear  Valley,  in  San  Bernardino  County,  California; 
the  grassy  valley  is  surrounded  with  pine-clad  mountains." 

I  have  recently  had  a  letter  from  Mr.  H.  H.  Newcomb,  of  Venice, 
California,  in  relation  to  this  species.  He  took  ten  males  and  seven 
females,  last  August,  at  the  top  of  Mt.  Wilson,  Los  Angeles  County, 
Cal.,  on  a  little  patch  of  ground  one  hundred  by  three  hundred  feet. 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  83 

He  also  says  that  Lycaena  actnon  of  both  sexes  was  flying  at  the  same 
time,  not  only  at  this  locality  but  everywhere  else.  It  seems  that  the 
Californian  Lepidopterists,  including  Mr.  Wright  have  taken  neitrona 
to  be  merely  a  variety  of  acmon  female.  Mr.  Newcomb  did  not  share 
this  opinion  and  sent  me  a  male  specimen  for  examination.  In  the 
original  lot  from  Doble  there  are  three  males  and  two  females  and  I 
also  have  a  female  from  Pine  Mountain  Forest  Reserve,  Ventura  Coun- 
ty, California.  Acmon  with  which  the  species  has  been  confused,  has 
sexes  unlike  (antigenetic),  while  in  neurona  there  are  no  secondary 
sexual  characters.  It  is  a  smaller  species  than  acmon  and  may  be 
known  by  the  orange  colored  neuration  which  is  relatively  variable  in 
different  specimens. — HENRY  SKINNER. 

Birds    &   Butterflies    (Lepid.) 

During  the  rainy  season  in  South  Africa,  the  open  glades  in  the 
forests  bordering  the  rivers  are  gay  with  multitudes  of  brightly  col- 
ored butterflies  of  many  different  species  and  after  a  night's  rain  but- 
terflies of  various  kinds  may  often  be  seen  settling  in  masses  around 
pools  of  water  along  wagon  roads.  Most  of  these  are  conspicuously 
colored,  though  they  are  in  perfect  harmony  with  the  sunlit  flowers 
which  spring  up  at  the  time  of  year  when  they  appear.  I  cannot,  how- 
ever, believe  that  the  need  for  protection  against  birds  or  other  ene- 
mies has  anything  to  do  with  the  determination  of  their  various  col- 
ors, as  in  all  my  experience  (and  I  have  all  my  life  been  a  close  ob- 
server of  nature)  I  have  never  once  seen  a  bird  feeding  upon  butter- 
flies in  Africa. — African  Nature  Notes  and  Reminiscences,  by  FREDER- 
ICK COURTENEY  SELOUS,  F.  Z.  S. 

Insect  Arrow  Poison   (Coleop.) 

Bushmen  in  Africa.  Their  bows  are  very  small  and  weak  looking 
and  their  arrows  are  unfeathered,  being  of  light  reeds  into  the  ends 
of  which  bone  heads  are  inserted.  These  bone  arrow  heads  are  al- 
ways thickly  smeared  with  poison,  which  seems  to  be  made  from  the 
body  of  a  grub*  or  caterpillar  mixed  with  gum.  At  least,  in  the  bark 
quivers  of  the  Bushmen  whose  belongings  I  have  examined.  I  have 
usually  found,  besides  their  arrows  and  fire  sticks,  a  small  bark  cylin- 
der closed  at  one  end,  in  which  were  the  bodies  of  grubs  or  cater- 
pillars preserved  in  gum,  which  I  was  told  contained  the  poison  they 
smeared  on  their  arrows. — Ibid.  SELOUS. 

*Perhaps  the  larva  of  the  Chrysomelid  Diamphidia  locusta;  see 
Wellman,  ENT.  NEWS,  XIX,  p.  229,  also  v.  Fiirth,  Vergl.  chem.  Physiol. 
d.  niederen  Tiere,  1903,  p.  365.— Ep. 


84  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Trichoptera  Collected  Under  Unusual  Conditions. 
On  November  30,  1912,  I  started  at  an  early  hour  with  two  friend? 
for  a   long  "hike"   in   the  mountains   near   Salt   Lake   City.     At   nine 
o'clock  A.  M.,  when  we  had  reached  a  point  several  miles  up  a  nearby 
canyon   and  were  well  up  on  the  mountain   side,  we  were   forced  to 
turn  back  by  a  snowstorm.    By  the  time  we  had  reached  the  bottom  of 
the  canyon  and  the  road  which  led  along  the  stream,  the  ground  was 
well    covered   with    fresh    snow.     As   there   had   been    snow   and   cold 
weather  for  some  weeks  at  that  altitude  (estimated  at  6000  ft.)   I  was 
not  engaged  in  looking  for  imagos  of  Trichoptera,  and  was  much  sur- 
prised to  discover  a  live  one  crawling  on  the  snow.     It  was  bottled 
as  a  record  specimen  for  late  transformation,  but  another  and  another 
was  found  as  we  walked  along  the  road  until,  in  a  short  time,  twelve 
individuals  were  picked  up.     As  it  was  still  snowing  heavily  and  bade 
fair  to  continue  all  day  I  decided  not  to  stop  to  collect  more,  but  to 
count  those  seen  in  passing.     A  total  of  thirty-three  individuals  was 
thus  recorded.     All  were  fresh,  as  if  just  emerged,  and  all  were  of  a 
single  species,  Platyphylax  designates  Walk.     I  have  previously  taken 
single  specimens  at  irregular  times,  but  none  so  late  as  this.     The  ma- 
jority of  the  imagos  emerge  in  May  and  June  in  Wisconsin,  but  the 
time   is   less   regular   in   the  mountain   regions,   where   they   emerge   at 
later  and  later  dates  as  the  altitude  is  greater,     Emergence  of  num- 
bers at   so   late  a  date  at  any  altitude  in  this  climate  is  to  me  inex- 
plicable.    On  arrival  at  the  laboratory  it  was  discovered  that  but  nine 
of   the   individuals   were   in   the  bottle,   wet   gloves   and   chilled   fingers 
having    doubtless    been    responsible    for    some    loss    while    collecting. 
These  nine  specimens  are  all  of  one  sex,  all  being  females. — CHAS.  T. 
VORHIES,  University  of  Utah,   Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

The   1912  Swarm  of  Aletia  argillacea    (Lepid.). 

It  may  be  of  some  interest  to  have  recorded  that  our  annual  visit 
of  swarms  of  Aletia  (Alabama)  argillacea  was  not  omitted  the  present 
season. 

During  the  week  ending  October  12,  the  moth  was  marvelously 
conspicuous  in  this  neighborhood.  Thursday,  October  10,  I  was  riding 
in  a  trolley  car  on  a  North  and  South  line  and  there  were  literally 
hundreds  of  argillacea  on  the  windows  on  the  West  side  of  the  car, 
while  but  few  were  to  be  seen  on  its  East  side.  This  would  seem  to 
indicate  that  the  flight  was  from  the  West.  The  fact  that  all  speci- 
mens were  in  excellent  condition,  as  if  they  had  just  emerged,  makes 
one  reluctant  to  believe  that  their  flight  could  possibly  have  been  alt 
the  way  from  the  cotton  fields. 

They  were  more  or  less  abundant   in   this  vicinity   for   several  days 
afterwards.     I    took   them   both    at   a   light-trap   and   at   sugar.     Many 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  85 

specimens  were  reported  or  brought  to  me  for  identification  from 
various  parts  of  the  county  indicating  an  abundant  distribution  over 
many  miles  of  area.  Is  there  a  local  food  plant? — O.  S.  WESTCOTT, 
Oak  Park,  Illinois,  Nov.  6,  1912. 

The  Occurrence  of  Leucania  unipunctata  (Haworth)  on  Sugar  Cane 
in    North    Queensland    (Lepid.). 

The   characteristic   caterpillars   of   this    species   were   observed    dam- 
aging young   cane   and   corn   plants   at   Nelson,    North    Queensland,   in 
June,  1912.     The  larvae  were  in  only  a  few  cane  and  corn  fields  where 
they    caused    considerable    damage.     The    young    leaves    of    both    cane 
and   corn   were    eaten    off   near   the   base,    but   the   other    leaves   were 
also  eaten.     During  the  day  the  larvae  remained  concealed  in  the  crev- 
ices  of   the   leaves,  but   in   dull   cloudy   weather   a   few   were   observed 
feeding.     It  was  noticed  that  whereas  both  young  and  old  corn  plants 
were  attacked,  only  cane  plants  under  three   feet  high  were   damaged. 
Parasitic  wasps  in  large  numbers  were  seen  in  the  infested  fields.     In 
one    small   corn   field   in    the   township   of    Nelson,   the   larvae   stripped 
almost  every  leaf   from  the  plants  and  the  whole  field  was  practically 
ruined.     This  was  an  isolated  case. 

On  June  24,  1912,  twenty-three  larvae  were  taken  from  a  corn  field 
and  placed  in  jars  with  cane  leaves  and  a  little  earth.  They  had 
pupated  by  June  30.  The  moths  commenced  to  emerge  on  July  10  and 
continued  to  emerge  until  July  23,  fifteen  of  the  twenty-three  reach- 
ing maturity.  The  remaining  pupae  were  kept  for  three  weeks  longer 
but  nothing  came  from  them. 

On  June  28,  twenty-two  large  larvae  were  taken  from  a  cane  field 
and  were  kept  in  the  same  manner.  They  had  pupated  by  July  3. 
The  adults  began  to  emerge  on  July  15  and  continued  up  to  July  23 
Of  the  twenty-two  larvae  taken,  twelve  reached  maturity.  No  insects 
emerged  from  the  remaining  ten. 

The  average  daily  temperature  from  June  24  to  July  23  was 
21. 16  deg.  C.  (70.1  deg.  Fahr.). — ALAN  P.  DODD, "Entomological  Labora- 
tory, Sugar  Experiment  Stations,  Mackay,  Q. 

Eustypiura  rodriguezi  (Hym.) 

When  publishing  this  Guatemalan  Chalcidid  recently  in  the  NEWS, 
I  knew  only  that  it  had  been  bred  from  a  lepidopterous  insect. 
Mr.  Juan  Rodriguez  now  sends  me  an  account  of  the  host,  sufficient 
to  show  that  it  is  a  Psychid,  probably  a  species  of  Oikcticus.  It  may 
well  be  that  the  remarkable  abdomen  of  Eustypiura  is  for  the  purpose 
of  reaching  Psychid  larvae  in  their  cases,  and  that  the  members  of 

the  genus  will  be   found  to  be   all   parasitic  on   Psychidse. — T.   D.   A. 

COCKEKELL. 


86  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Entomological    Literature. 

COMPILED  BY   E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR.,    AND   J.   A.    G.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining-  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting-  those 
appearing-  in  the  January  and  February  issues,  which  are  generally  dated 
the  year  previous. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  record  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

* — Journal,  New  York  Entomological  Society.     7 — U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,   Bureau   of   Entomology.     8 — The   Entomolo- 
£^3*'s  Monthly  Magazine,  London.     9' — The  Entomologist,  London. 
ifp~Nature,   London.     11 — Annals   and   Magazine   of   Natural   His- 
t^fy,    London.      18 — Ottawa    Naturalist.      21 — The    Entomologist's 
Record,   London.     22 — Zoologischer   Anzeiger,    Leipzig.     24 — Ber- 
liner    Entomologische     Zeitschrift.       40 — Societas     Entomologica 
Zurich.     47 — The  Zoologist,  London.     50 — Proceedings,  U.  S.   Na 
tional  Museum.    55 — Le  Naturaliste,  Paris.    60 — Anales,  Mttseo  Na- 
cional  de  Buenos  Aires.    64 — Annalen,  K.  k.  Naturhistorischen  Hof- 
museums.      Wien.      79 — La     Nature,     Paris.      84 — Entomologische 
Rundschau.    86 — Annales,  Societe  Entomologique  de  France,  Paris. 
89 — Zoologische    Jahrbucher,     Jena.       97 — Zeitschrift     fur     wissen- 
schaftliche  Zoologie,  Leipzig.     166 — Internationale  Entomologische 
Zeitschrift,    Guben.      172 — The    American    Museum    Journal,    NeTv 
York.      175 — Aus   der   Natur,   Berlin.      180 — Annals,    Entomological 
Society  of  America.     184- — Journal  of  Experimental  Zoology,  Phi'- 
adelphia.     186 — Journal  of  Economic  Biology,  London.     187 — Jahr- 
bucher   des    Nassauischen    Vereins    fur    Naturkunde,    Wiesbaden 
189 — Pomona  Journal  of  Entomology,  Claremont,   Cala.     191 — Na- 
tur,  Munchen.     195 — Bulletin,  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at 
Harvard  College,  Cambridge,  Mass.     198 — Biological  Bulletin,  Ma- 
rine  Biological  Laboratory,   Woods    Hole,   Mass.     201 — Memoires, 
Societe    Entomologique    de    Belgique       216 — Entomologische    Zei* 
schrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.     246 — Bulletin  International,  Academic  de^ 
Science  de   Cracovie.     Ser.   B.   Sciences  Naturelles.     251 — Annale* 
Sciences   Naturelles,   Zoologie,   Paris.     269 — Memoirs,    Department 
of   Agriculture    in    India.      Entomological    Series,    Calcutta.      274 — 
Archiv   fur    Zellforschung,    herausgeben   von    Dr.    R.    Goldschmidt 
Leipzig.    306 — Journal,  College  of  Agriculture,  Imperial  University 
of  Tokyo.     311 — La  Science  au  XXe  Sieclc,  Paris.     322 — Journal  or 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  87 

Morphology,  Philadelphia.     327 — Scientific  Memoirs  by  Officers  oc 
the  Medical  and   Sanitary   Departments  of  the   Government  of  Ic 
dia    (new   ser.),   Calcutta.     346 — Fauna   Exotica.      Mitteilungen   au-" 
dem    Gebiete    der    exotischen    Insektenwelt,    Frankfurt    am    Main. 
355 — Smithsonian  Institution  Report,  \\  ashington,  D.  C.     368' — Th-~ 
Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  State  Commission  of  Horticulture,  Sacr" 
mento,   Cal.     381 — Experiment  Station    Record,  Washington,  D.   C 
397 — Pfluger's  Archiv  fur  die  Gesammte  Physiologic  des  Menschef 
und   der   Tiere.    Bonn.     409 — Journal    of   the    Academy    of    Natura1 
Sciences   of   Philadelphia,   2nd   Series.     410 — Journal   of   the  Wash- 
ington Academy  of  Sciences.     411 — Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entc 
mological  Society.     412 — Porto  Rico  Agricultural  Experiment  St? 
tion,     Mayaguez.       413 — Report     of     the     State     Entomologist     r/ 
Minnesota,  St.  Anthony  Park. 

GENERAL    SUBJECTS.      Anon.— Economic    entomology,    38' 
xxvii,  549-565.     Bryant,  H.  C.1 — The  number  of  insects  destroyed  br 
western  meadowlarks,  86,  xxxvi,  873-875.     Some  insects  and  othe" 
arthropods  in  the  diet  of  the  western  meadowlark,  189,  iv,  807-809 
Burling,  L.  D. — The  nomenclature  of  types,  410,  ii,  519-520.     Cam 
eron,  P. — Obituary,  8,  1913,  20-21.     Drzewina,  A. — Distribution  geo 
graphique    des    animaux,    311,    x,    90-96.      Fassl,    A.    H. — Tropische 
reisen  IV.     Muzo,  das  land  der  schonsten  smaragde  und  schmetter 
linge,  84,  xxix,  147-149  (cont.).  Hunter,  Pratt  &  Mitchell.— The  prin- 
cipal cactus  insects  of  the  United  States,  7,  Bui.  113,  71  pp.     Kirby 
W.  F. — Obituary,  8,  1913,  19-20;  9,   1912,  351-352;  21,  1912,  314-317 
47,  1912,  466-468;  166,  vi,  251-252,  257  (cont.).     Lehmann,  T.— Ento- 
mologische  streifzuge  in  Xord-Amerika,  346,  ii,  66-67  (cont.).     Lenp 
C.  W. — Co-operation   with   the   Xew   York   Entomological   Society, 
172,  xii,  314-316.     C.  M.— By  the  Way   (note,  on  nomenclature,  am' 
on  the  "humming  in  the  air"),  9,  1912,  34()-:;41.     Mallock,  A.1— Note 
on   the   irridescent   colors   of   birds   and   insects,   355,   1911,   425-1:::.' 
Mason,  C.  W.— The  food  of  birds  in   India,  269,  iii,  371   pp.     Meiss- 
ner,    O. — Nomenklaturfragen,    216,    xxvi,    137-138,    141-142,    145-146 
Stiles,  C.  W. — Suggested  amendments  to  the  International  Code  o( 
Zoological  Nomenclature,  22,  xli,  37-47      Washburn,  F.  L. — Grass- 
hoppers and  other  injurious  insects  of  1911  and  1912,  413,  xiii,   114 
pp. 

Champion,  G.  C. — Coleoptera,  etc.,  in  bromeliads,  8,  T.ii:;,  2-7. 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Fulinski,  B.— Kin  beitrag  zur  keimbjat- 
terbildung  der  araneinen,  246,  iii,  769-790.  Hilton,  W.  A. — Sensory 
setae  of  tarantula  and  some  of  its  relatives,  189,  iv,  S10-S17. 

Chamberlin,  R.  V. — The  Henicopidae  of  America,  north  of  Mex- 
ico, 195,  Ivii,  1-36.  Strand,  E. — Bemerkungen  zu  dem  katalog  amer- 
ikanischer  spinncn  von  Alexander  I  Vtrunkevitch,  187,  Ixv,  171-177. 


88  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

APTERA  AND  NEUROPTERA.  Claude,  D.— La  naissance 
d'une  libellule,  78,  xl,  417-419.  Matheson,  R.— The  structure  and 
metamorphosis  of  the  fore-gut  of  "Corydalis  cornutus,"  322,  xxiii, 
581-624.  Miyake,  T.— The  life-history  of  "Panorpa  klugi,"  306,  iv, 
117-139.  Philiptschenko,  J. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Aptery- 
goten.  III.  Die  embryonalentwicklung  von  "Isotoma  cinerea,"  97, 
ciii,  519-660.  Russell,  H.  M/— The  red-banded  thrips  (Heliothrips 
rubrocinctus),  7,  Bui.  99,  pt.  2. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Burr,  M.— Collecting  O.  in  the  Caucasus  and 
Transcaucasus,  21,  1912,  297-302  (cont.).  Shelf ord,  R.— The  oothe- 
cae  of  Blattidae,  21,  1912,  283-287.  Turner,  C.  H. — An  experimental 
investigation  of  an  apparent  reversal  of  the  responses  to  light  of 
the  roach  (Periplaneta  orientalis),  198,  xxiii,  371-386. 

Burr,  M. — Die  Dermapteren  des  K.  K.  naturhistorischen  Hof- 
niuseums  in  Wien,  64,  xxvi,  62-108. 

HEMIPTERA.  Browne,  E.  N.— A  study  of  the  male  germ  cells 
in  Notonecta,  184,  xiv,  61-122.  Girault,  A.  A. — Preliminary  studies 
on  the  biology  of  the  bedbug  (Cimex  lectularius).  II.  Facts  ob- 
tained concerning  the  duration  of  its  different  stages,  186,  vii,  163- 

188.  Hagemann,  J. — Biologic  der  bekanntesten  wasserwanzen,  191, 
iv,   151-152.      Johnston,   C.   E. — The    internal   anatomy    of    "Icerya 
purchasi,"   180,  v,   383-390.      Riley,   W.   A. — Some   remarkable    dis- 
coveries regarding  a  common  household  insect,  86,  xxxvi,  865-866. 

Davis,  Wm.  T. — A  new  Cicada  from  Plummer's  Island,  Maryland, 
411,  viii,  2-4.  Essig,  E.  O. — Aphididae  of  southern  California,  X; 

189,  iv,  758-797.    Kell,  D.— The  "longulus"  scale  (Coccus  hesperidum 
var.  longulus),  189,  iv,  798-800.     Van  Duzee,  E.  P.— "Synonymy  of 
the  Provancher  collection  of  Hemiptera,"  55,  xxxix,  76-80. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Chapman,  T.  A.— Apterous  females  of  cer 
tain  L,  8,  1913,  8-10.  Demandt,  C. — Der  geschlechtsapparat  von 
"Dytiscus  marginalis."  Ein  beitrag  zur  morphologic  des  insekten- 
korpers,  97,  ciii,  171-299.  Grafin  von  Linden,  Prof. — The  metabo- 
lism of  lepidopterous  pupae  (Review),  10,  xc,  379.  Heinrich,  R.— 
Der  schmetterlingsfang  am  licht,  166,  vi,  235-237;  252-254.  Mayer, 
L. — Zur  frage  der  ueberwinterung  von  "Pyrameis  atalanta,"  166, 
vi,  237-238.  Richter,  C. — Ueber  ein  modell  des  verdauungskanals 
der  schmetterlinge,  175,  ix,  204-206.  Schaefer,  H. — Eine  zweite 
generation  von  "Gastropacha  quercifolia  ab.  albifolia"  und  zur 
frage  der  ueberwinterung  vieler  arten  als  raupe,  166,  vi,  254  (cont.). 
Schrader,  W. — Cool  air  experiments  with  "Junonia  coenia,"  189,  iv, 

801-806.     Skinner,  H Mimicry  in  Boreal  American  Rhopalocera, 

409,  xv,  119-127.  Unzicker,  Dr. — "Attacus  atlas"  und  "A.  schvarckii," 
346,  ii,  67-68.  Watson  &  Coleman.— "Iphiclides  ajax"  and  "Eury- 
mus"  interior  from  the  summit  of  Mt.  Marcy,  N.  Y.,  411,  viii,  4-6. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  89 

Grossbeck,  J.  A.— Miscellaneous  notes  and  descriptions  of  North 
American  Geometridae,  6,  xx,  282-292.  Hampson,  G.  F. — Descrip- 
tions of  n.  sp.  of  Pyralidae  of  the  subfamily  Pyraustinae  (cont.), 
11,  x,  557-573.  Mabille  et  Boullet. — Essai  de  revision  de  la  familk- 
des  Hesperides,  251,  xvi,  1-159.  Oberthur,  C. — Etudes  de  lepidop- 
terologie  comparee.  Fasc.  VI,  355  pp.  Woodworth,  C.  W. — Check- 
list of  California  insects  IV.  Lepidoptera,  368,  i,  941-948. 

DIPTERA.  Alverdes,  F. — Die  kerne  in  den  speicheldrusen  der 
Chironomus-larvae.  274,  ix,  168-204.  Andries,  M.— Zur  systematik. 
biologic  und  entwicklung  von  "Microdon,"  97,  ciii,  300-361.  Brain, 
C.  K.— "Stomoxys  calcitrans,"  180,  v.  421-432.  Cragg,  F.  W  — 
Studies  on  the  mouth  parts  and  sucking  apparatus  in  the  blood- 
sucking D.  No.  1.  "Philaematomyia  insignis,"  327,  No.  54;  17  pjx 
Morgan  &  Cattell. — Additional  data  for  the  study  of  sex-linked  in- 
heritance in  Drosophila,  184,  xiv.  32-60.  Severin  &  Hartung.— The 
flight  of  2,000  marked  male  Mediterranean  fruit  flies  (Ceratitis  cap- 
itata),  180,  v.  400-410.  Tower,  W.  V. — A  study  of  mosquitoes  in 
San  Juan,  Porto  Rico,  412,  Circ.  14,  23  pp.  Vimmer,  A.— Ueber  den 
hypopharynx  einiger  dipterenlarven  aus  der  unterordnung  Orthor- 
rhapha,  40,  xxvii,  103-105;  110-112.  Welch,  P.  S.— Observations  on 
the  life  history  of  a  new  species  of  Psychoda,  180,  v.  411-420. 

Alexander,  C.  P. — A  revision  of  the  genus  Brachypremma  (Tip- 
ulidae),  6,  xx,  225-236.  New  neotropical  Tipulinae,  180.  v,  343-366. 
On  the  tropical  American  Rhipidiae,  411,  viii,  6-17.  Andries,  M.— 
(See  above.)  Brethes,  J. — Sobre  la  "Brachycoma  acridiorum,"  60, 
xxii,  441-446.  Descripcion  de  un  nuevo  genero  y  especie  nueva  <lc 
Chironomidae,  60,  xxii,  451-453.  Enderlein,  G.— Dipterologische 
studien.  I.  Die  dipteren-familie  Pantophthalmidac,  22,  xli.  '.(7-118. 
Felt,  E.  P.— Studies  in  Itonididae,  6,  xx,  236-248.  The  gall  midge 
fauna  of  western  North  America,  189,  iv,  753-757.  Landrock,  K.— 
Zur  monographic  der  gattung  "Boletophila,"  24,  Ivii,  33-51.  Town- 
send,  C.  H.  T.— Descriptions  of  n.  gen.  and  sp.  of  muscoid  flics 
from  the  Andean  and  Pacific  Coast  regions  of  South  America,  50, 
xliii,  301-367.  Welch,  P.  S.— (See  above.) 

COLEOPTERA.  Backman,  E.  L. — Der  osmotische  druck  bei 
einigen  wasserkafern,  397,  cxlix,  93-114.  Von  Dalla  Torre,  K.  W.— 
Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  49.  Scarabaeidae:  Melolonthinae, 
135-290.  Gee  &  Lathrop. — Death  feigning  in  "Conotrachelus  ne- 
nuphar," 180,  v,  391-399.  Ghosh,  C.  C. — Life  histories  of  Indian 
insects  (Oryctes  rhinoceros,  Rhynchophorus  ferrugineus),  269,  ii, 
193-217.  Kolbe,  H. — Die  tiergeographischen  verhaltnisse  der  Scar- 
abeidengruppe  der  Phaeochroinen,  84,  xxix,  153-157  (cont.).  Naka- 
yama,  S. — "Chilocorus  simili"  and  its  relation  to  scale  insects  in 
Japan,  368,  i,  932-930.  Wodsedalek,  J.  E. — Life  history  and  habits 
of  "Trogoderma  tarsale,"  a  museum  pest,  180,  v,  367-382. 


go  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Fall,  H.  C. — A  review  of  the  North  American  species  of  Collops, 

6,  xx,  249-274.     Gebien,  H. — Neue  kaefer  aus  der  familie  Tenebrion- 
idae  des  museums  Wiesbaden,  187,  Ixv.  232-248.     Pic,  M.> — C.  nou- 
veaux   de   diverses   families,   60,  xxii,   455-458.      Prell,   H. — Revision 
des  Dynastinen-genus  "Heterogomphus,"  201,  xx,  93-176.     Raffray, 
A. — Pselaphides  de  la   Republique  Argentine,  60,  xxii,  447-450. 

HYMENOPTERA.  Bertoni,  A.  de  W.— (See  below.)  Branner, 
J.  C. — Geologic  work  of  ants  in  tropical  America,  355,  1911,  303-333. 
Casteel,  D.  B. — The  behavior  of  the  honey-bee  in  pollen  collecting, 

7,  Bui.   121.     Mignault,  J.  B. — Les  Ammophiles.     "Comme  au  pays 
de  J.  H.  Fabre,"  55,  xxxix,  82-94.     Schneider,  K.  C. — Orientierung 
der  bienen,  191,  iv,  148-151.     Sladen,  F.  W.   L.— Bee  with   Pollinia 
attached   to   its  feet,   18,  xxvi,  116-117. 

Bartlett,  O.  C. — The  North  American  digger  wasps  of  the  sub- 
family Scoliinae,  180,  v,  293-340.  Bertoni,  A.  de  W Contribucion 

a  la  biologia  de  las  avispas  y  abejas  del  Paraguay,  60,  xxii,  97-146. 
Ducke,  A. — Die  naturlichen  bienengenera  Sudamerikas,  89,  xxxiv, 
51-116.  Forel,  A. — Formicides  neotropiques  IV — VI,  201,  xx,  1-92. 
Fullaway,  D.  T. — Gall-fly  parasites  from  California,  6,  xx,  274-282. 
Jorgensen,  P. — Los  Cresididos  y  los  H.  Aculeatos  de  la  Provinca 
de  Mendoza,  60,  xxii,  267-338.  Schulz,  W.  A — Aelteste  und  alte  H. 
skandinavischer  autoren,  24,  Ivii,  52-102. 


REVIEW. 

TROMBIDIIDAE,  By  A.  BERLESE.  Redia,  Vol.  VIII,  fasc.  i°.  June 
29,  1912. — This  monograph  of  the  so-called  "harvest  mites"  consists  of 
291  pages,  and  contains  137  text  figures  and  one  colored  plate.  The 
numerous  genera  into  which  this  family  has  recently  been  divided 
are  here  for  the  first  time  clearly  defined.  The  author  gives  in  a 
few  semidiagramatic  figures  the  principal  characters  of  the  differ- 
ent genera.  He  also  follows  the  excellent  practice  of  tabulating  all 
the  important  generic  characters,  and  grouping,  by  means  of  keys, 
the  different  genera  into  separate  tables  according  to  the  variations  of 
a  single  character.  By  such  an  analysis  the  range  of  structural 
variations  is  made  clear,  and  the  correlation  of  these  variations  is 
made  possible.  Thus  the  natural  affinities  of  the  genera  being  ex- 
posed, their  natural  arrangement  follows  with  ease.  Besides,  this 
method  enables  one  frequently  to  place  poorly  preserved  or  mutilated 
specimens  with  facility  and  certainty  when  it  would  be  impossible  to 
do  so  by  means  of  a  single  complicated  key  which  should  require  the 
ascertaining  of  many,  if  not  all,  of  the  generic  characters  con- 
sidered. 

At  the  end  of  the  work  the  various  species  are  arranged  into 
tables  according  to  the  countries  in  which  they  are  found.  Also  a 
synonymical  table  and  bibliography  are  given. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  some  of  the  common  species  found  in  this 
country  are  omitted  in  this  work. — H.  E.  EWING. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  9! 

OBITUARY. 

W.  G.  Wright. 

William  Greenwood  Wright  died  at  his  home  on  F.  Street, 
in  San  Bernardino,  Calif.,  on  Sunday  afternoon,  December  i, 
1912,  at  the  age  of  about  83.  He  had  been  in  apparently  good 
health  and  spirits  for  some  time  past.  He  was  found  dead 
sitting  in  his  chair,  a  newspaper  fallen  from  his  relaxed  grasp. 
The  cause  was  heart  failure,  and  his  death  must  have  been  an 
instantaneous  and  painless  one. 

He  was  born  near  Newark,  New  Jersey,  the  exact  date  not 
ascertainable ;  his  early  education  was  limited.  He  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  Civil  War,  and  soon  after 
the  close  of  that  conflict  he  must  have  come  to  California ; 
where  he  resided  a  few  years  in  Los  Angeles,  and  where  his 
only  child  was  born  and  died  in  infancy.  He  went  to  San 
Bernardino  about  1873,  and  conducted  a  planing-mill  for  many 
years.  About  fifteen  years  ago  he  retired  from  business,  and 
spent  his  time  in  collecting  and  gathering  material  for  his  book 
on  butterflies.  His  wife  died  a  number  of  years  ago  and  he 
leaves  no  near  relatives.  His  collection  of  butterflies  and  li- 
brary he  has  left  to  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  in  San 
Francisco ;  some  other  collections  are  to  be  sold.  Mr.  S.  B. 
Parish,  the  pioneer  botanist,  a  close  friend  of  Mr.  Wright  and 
the  executor  of  his  estate,  has  given  me  the  few  data  pertain- 
ing to  his  life  that  are  now  obtainable;  he  was  a  recluse  in  all 
phases  of  his  life,  and  the  most  we  have  is  that  indefinable 
quality  which  only  personal  acquaintance  can  give ;  and  his 
\vritings  and  contributions  to  science. 

Mr.  Wright  traveled  all  over  the  \Vest  Coast  from  Alaska  to 
Mazatlan,  Mexico,  collecting  specimens  in  various  departments 
of  natural  history,  but  we  do  not,  at  present,  know  the  details 
of  his  trips.  He  published  an  interesting  account  of  his  travels 
in  Mexico,  in  Zoe,  a  biological  journal  printed  in  San  Fran- 
cisco from  1890-1893;  an  article  in  the  Overland  Monthly  for 
1884,  entitled.  "A  Naturalist  in  the  Desert,"  and  an  article  on 
collecting  in  Alaska,  which  I  cannot  now  locate.  Other  papers 
are  found  in  Entomologica  Americana,  Canadian  Hntomologist, 


92  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

Papilio,  Entomological  News,  and  Edwards'  Butterflies  of 
North  America;  I  think  the  most  important  contribution  which 
he  made  to  science  was  the  help  he  rendered  to  W.  H.  Edwards, 
in  his  great  work  just  mentioned.  In  the  Ornithologist  and 
Oologist,  for  February,  1885,  we  find  an  article  entitled,  "An 
Experiment  in  Bird  Taming,  with  Phainopepla  nit  ens" ;  hfe 
name  is  frequent  in  the  two  large  volumes  of  the  Geological 
Survey,  Botany  of  California,  as  he  was  an  enthusiastic  botani- 
cal collector.  In  fact  he  was  a  naturalist  in  the  strict  sense ;  they 
are  becoming  rarer  every  day.  His  book,  Butterflies  of  the 
West  Coast,  published  in  San  Francisco  in  October,  1905,  was 
really  an  epoch-making  publication,  notwithstanding  the  numer- 
ous inevitable  mistakes.  The  fire  and  earthquake  of  April  18, 
1906,  destroyed  the  publishing  house,  and  the  book  is  now 
quite  rare. 

Wright  was  a  close  friend  of  the  two  pioneer  naturalises, 
Edward  Palmer  and  C.  C.  Parry,  and  made  many  trips  with 
them.  He  was  acquainted  with  many  more,  if  not  most,  of  the 
early  naturalists,  but  the  data  are  not  now  obtainable. 

The  following  butterflies  and  moths  have  been  named  in  his 
honor  by  different  entomologists :  Melitaea  urrightii,  Co- 
paeodes  wrightii,  Scepsis  wrightii,  Glitpliisia  wrightii,  Lep- 
tarctia  wrightii  and  Selidosema  wrightiarium.  Wright  named 
many  species,  but  most  of  them,  especially  those  in  his  1905 
book,  are  synonyms. 

W.  G.  Wright  has  played  his  part,  doubtless  as  well  as  he 
knew ;  he  has  added  something  to  science,  and  has  helped 
others  in  their  researches,  which  is  as  much  as  any  one  can  do. 
The  following  quotation  from  his  book  expresses  the  spirit 
of  all  scientific  work:  "The  most  that  we  can  do  is  to  note 
down  the  things  as  we  find  them,  and  an  aggregation  of  these 
notes  after  a  series  of  years  will  afford  a  distinct  step  forward 
in  the  investigation."-  — FORDYCE  GRINNELL,  JR.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

I  visited  him  several  years  ago,  an  account  of  which  I  pub- 
lished in  the  pages  of  this  magazine,  Volume  XXII,  pages 
11-13.  He  was  a  kindly  man,  and  was  known  and  loved  by 
all  the  children  of  San  Bernardino. — KARL  R.  COOLIDGE. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  93 

William  Forsell  Kirby. 

(Portrait,  PI.  IV*) 

From  The  Entomologist,  of  London,  for  December,  1912, 
we  learn  that  this  diligent  and  laborious  entomologist  died  on 
the  2Oth  of  November  last.  He  was  born  in  1844,  the  son  of 
Samuel  Kirby,  banker,  of  Leicester,  and  after  twelve  years  in 
the  Museum  of  the  Royal  Dublin  Society,  came  to  the  Zoo- 
logical department  of  the  British  Museum  of  Natural  History 
in  1879,  where  he  remained  for  thirty  years,  until  his  retire- 
ment, in  1909. 

He  published  on  many  groups  of  insects,  the  Lepidoptera 
being  perhaps  his  favorite  order.  One  of  his  early  works  was 
a  Manual  of  European  Butterflies  (1862),  while  he  was  a  col- 
laborator on  Seitz's  Macrolepidoptera  of  the  World,  now  pub- 
lishing and  recently  reviewed  in  these  columns. 

The  students  of  the  Lepidoptera  owe  a  large  debt  of  grati- 
tude to  Mr.  Kirby  for  the  production  of  two  works  of  very 
great  value.  A  Synonymic  Catalogue  of  Diurnal  Lepidoptera, 
published  in  1871,  with  a  Supplement  in  1877,  did  much  to 
advance  the  study  of  these  insects.  It  was  invaluable  both  to 
the  collector  and  the  systematist,  and  very  frequently  con- 
sulted by  both.  Even  though  other  catalogues  appear,  Kirby's 
will  probably  always  be  of  use.  In  the  same  category  is  his 
Catalogue  of  Lepidoptera  Heterocera  :  I.  Sphinges  and  Bomby- 
ces.  This  work  of  951  pages  was  published  in  1892  and  was 
twenty  years  in  preparation.  Accurate  and  up-to-date  cata- 
logues are  essential  to  study  and  some  branches  of  entomology 
are  greatly  retarded  by  the  lack  of  such  works.  lie  wrote  A 
Hand-book  of  the  Order  Lepidoptera  (1894-1897),  and.  in 
conjunction  with  H.  G.  Smith.  Rhopalocera  Exotica  in  three 
volumes  (1887-1902).  This  latter  is  a  beautifully  illustrated 
work,  in  color,  and  contains  descriptions  of  many  species.  He 

*Our  portrait  is  taken  from  a  photograph  sent  by  Mr.  Kirby  about 
1896.  In  a  letter  of  June  6,  1906,  he  mentions  that  "Thomas  Wright 
has  just  given  a  portrait  of  me  in  his  new  life  of  Sir  Richard  Burton, 
with  a  notice,  in  which,  however,  there  are  several  misprints."  Another 
portrait  has  appeared  in  the  Entomologist  for  January,  1913. 


94  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [Feb..    '13 

also  wrote  the  text  of  an  English  Edition  of  Huebner's  Exotic 
Butterflies,  which  was  edited  by  P.  Wytsman,  in  three  volumes, 
and  491  colored  plates  (1894-1908).  H.  S. 

Mr.  Kirby's  Orthopterological  work  was  entirely  a  matter 
of  the  last  twenty  years.  In  addition  to  several  papers  bearing 
on  the  classification  of  the  Forficulidae,  Blattidae  and  Phas- 
midae,  a  number  of  faunistic  papers, 'chiefly  treating  of  Afri- 
can localities  and  one  on  the  status  of  generic  names  in  the 
order  proposed  previous  to  1840,  appeared  from  his  pen.  The 
monumental  work  which  made  his  name  a  very  familiar  one  to 
the  Orthopterist  was  the  compilation  and  publication  of  his 
Synonymic  Catalogue  of  Orthoptera  (1904-1910).  This  in- 
dispensable work  comprises  three  volumes  and  is  the  only  gen- 
eral catalogue  of  the  Orthoptera  ever  published.  While  con- 
taining a  great  number  of  clerical  errors,  this  piece  of  work 
stands  as  one  of  the  most  important  contributions  to  the  sys- 
tematics  of  the  order. 

J.  A.  G.  R. 

His  earliest  paper  on  the  Neuroptera  (Odonata)  was  pub- 
lished in  his  fifteenth  year  (1859),  but  although  he  dealt  with 
the  collections  made  by  the  Challenger  (1884)  and  others,  his 
important  work  on  this  group  was  not  until  1889,  when  his 
Revision  of  the  Subfamily  Libcllulinac  appeared  in  tHe  Trans- 
actions of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London.  Of  this  the  most 
recent  and  most  thorough-going  student  of  our  time,  Dr.  F. 
Ris,,  has  written  :* 

Previously,  with  other  authors,  I  was  disposed  to  extend  sharp 
criticism  to  this  work  on  account  of  some  very  evident  errors.  On 
deeper  personal  acquaintance  with  the  subject,  this  criticism  has  given 
way  to  a  sincere  recognition  of  Kirby's  keen  sense  of  the  genericallv 
important  characters  and  happy  formulation  of  many  criteria  pre- 
viously completely  overlooked.  The  defects  of  the  work  are  those 
of  a  pioneer  in  a  field  'which  had  lain  too  long  fallow.  To-day  I 
have  found  it  right  and  practical  to  characterize  the  genera  in  the 

*Collections  Zoologiques  du  Baron  Edm.  de  Selys  Longchatn'ps, 
Catalogue  Systematique  et  Descriptif.  Fasc.  IX.  Libellulinen,  p. 
ii.  1909. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  95 

Libellulinae  essentially  in  the  sense  understood  by  Kirby.  If  a  num- 
ber of  his  genera  have  been  suppressed,  this  is  due  in  the  majority 
of  cases  to  the  discovery  of  new  material  connecting  apparently  sep- 
arate groups. 

In  1890,  Mr.  Kirby  published,  at  his  own  expense,  his  Syn- 
onymic Catalogue  of  Neuroptera  Odonata,  or  Dragon/lies, 
ll'itli  an  Appendix  of  Fossil  Species.  This  is  the  least  of  his 
catalogues  in  point  of  size,  but  has  been  greeted  with  hearty 
recognition  of  its  usefulness  by  de  Selys,  Ris  and  others,  in 
spite  of  certain  far-reaching  nomenclatural  changes  which  have 
not  yet  gained  general  acceptance.  His  other  papers  on  the 
Odonata  are  briefer  and  faunistic  in  character. 

Mr.  Kirby  was  very  willing  to  help  visitors  and  correspond- 
ents who  desired  information  on  the  insects  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, or  on  bibliographical  and  nomenclatural  subjects,  as  not 
a  few  of  the  readers  of  the  NEWS  can  testify.  Lying  before 
the  writer  are  twelve  letters  from  him,  from  February  14,  1890, 
to  January  13,  1909,  chiefly  replies  to  inquiries  on  one  or  other 
of  these  topics.  One  of  these  letters  (April  25,  1899)  refers 
to  criticism  of  his  work  in  these  words : 

In  many  ways  my  Entomological  work  has  been  that  of  a  pioneer, 
and  I  cannot  complain  of  younger  men  taking  it  up  and  following  it 
out  in  greater  detail  than  I  have  had  time  or  inclination  to  do.  I 
never  complain  of  fair  criticism;  but  such  attacks  as  -  -  and 

-  have  made  upon  me  I  do  not  regard  in  that  light.    If  I  chose, 
I  could  often  retaliate  on  -  -  in  the  same  way,  but  I  usually  con- 

fine myself  to  corrections  when  they  fall  into  line  with  my  own 
work,  and  I  seldom  go  out  of  my  way  to  reply  to  attacks  unless  they 
are  too  unfair.  But  you  need  never  be  afraid  of  offending  me  In- 
fair  comment. 

Another  letter  (September  24,  1904)  is  of  interest  in  giving 
his  own  estimate  of  his  work: 

My  entomological  work  has  always  been  rather  bibliographical  than 
practical ;  getting  existing  material  into  such  order  that  others  can 
take  them  up  and  work  them  out  in  detail.  Hence  it  is  easy  for 
younger  men  to  outstrip  me  in  practical  entomological  work;  and  for 
minute  details  I  never  had  any  particular  taste. 

In  January,  1900,  he  wrote : 

I  am  just  retiring  from  the  Museum  under  the  age  limit  but  shall 


96  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [Feb.,    '13 

continue  to  work  on  semi-officially  or  unofficially  for  some  little  time 
probably,  and  it  is  not  impossible  that  I  may  later  on  undertake  a 
new  Catalogue  of  Odonata  for  the  Museum. 

He  continued  to  visit  and  work  at  intervals  at  the  Museum 
until  August  or  later  of  the  past  year  (1912). 

In  May,  1899,  he  paid  a  three  weeks'  visit  to  his  brother  in 
Boston,  Massachusetts,  but  did  not  travel  much  in  the  country. 

His  literary  labors  resulted  also  in  many  popular  books  on 
entomology,  in  writings  on  folk-lore  and  ethnology,  and  in  at 
least  one  volume  on  Evolution  and  Natural  Theology. 

Mr.  Kirby's  wife  died  some  years  ago;  he  is  survived  by  a 
son. 

[Since  the  above  was  written  the  January  number  of  the  Entomolo- 
gist's Monthly  Magazine  has  reached  us  with  an  obituary  notice  of 
Mr.  Kirby,  containing  a  number  of  additional  interesting  details.] 

P.  P.  C. 


Peter  Cameron, 

Two  obituary  notices,  of  very  different  character,  of  this 
voluminous  writer  on  Hymenoptera  have  appeared  in  the  Jan- 
uary issues  of  the  Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine  and  of 
the  Entomologist  respectively.  From  them  we  learn  that  he 
died  at  New  Mills,  Derbyshire,  England,  December  i,  1912, 
aged  sixty-five.  His  earlier  years  were  much  handicapped  by 
poverty  and  ill  health.  Throughout  his  life  he  was  known  to 
very  few  of  his  fellow  entomologists.  His  principal  works  were 
a  Monograph  of  the  British  Phytophagous  Hymenoptera  iri 
four  volumes  published  by  the  Ray  Society,  1882-1892,  and 
volumes  I  and  II  of  the  Hymenoptera  of  the  Biologia  Centrali- 
Amencana,  1883-1900.  His  collection  of  British  Phytophagous 
Hymenoptera  and  a  large  number  of  his  exotic  types  are  in 
the  British  Museum  of  Natural  History,  others  forming  part 
of  the  Rothney  collection  of  Indian  Hymenoptera  are  in  the 
University  Museum,  Oxford. 


CORRECTION. 

NEWS    for   January,    1913,    page   3,    line   8,    the     date    of     birth     of 
Raphaelle  Peale  should  be  1774  instead  of  1744. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  IV. 


WILLIAM    FORSELL   KIRBY. 


The  Celebrated  Original  Dust  and  Pest-Proof 

METAL  CASES 

FOR  SCHMITT  BOXES 

Described  in  "ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,"  page  177,  Vol.  XV 

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BROCK  BROS.,  Harvard  Square,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
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CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  NATURAL 
HISTORY  OF  THE  LEPIDOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 

By  WM.  BARNES,  S.B.,  M.D.,  and  J.  McDUNNOUGH,  Ph.D. 

Volume  I. — No.  i. — Revision  of  the  Cossidae.  35  pp.,  7  plates $1-50 

No.  2. — The  Lasiocampid  genera  Glovena  and  its  allies. 

17  pp.,  4  pis i. oo 

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No.  4. — Illustrations  of  Rare  and  Typical  Lepidoptera..  57 

pp.,  27  pis 3-50 

No.  5. — Fifty  New  Species  ;  Notes  on  the  Genus  Alpheias. 

44PP-,  5P1-    ••• i-5o 

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Lepidoptera.     13  pp 50 

To  be  obtained  from 

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at  a  price  far  below  its  cost  or  actual  value.  Collection  must  be  seen 
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f* 

MARCH,  1913. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VoL  XXIV.  No.  3 


Titian  Ramsey  Peale  '(1800-1885), 


PHILIP    P.  CALVERT,  Ph.D.,  Editor. 
E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR.,  Associate  Editor. 

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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  V. 


1.   EVERES  ARGIADES;  2.   E.  CORETAS;  3-5.    E.  COMYNTAS  ;  6-10.    E.   AMYNTULA. 

BETHUNE-BAKER. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

AND 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY    OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 

VOL.  XXIV.  MARCH,   1913.  No.  3. 

CONTENTS: 


Bethune-Baker — Everes  comyntas  and 
amyntula  (Lepid.) 97 

Coolidge — Method  of  Breeding  Lycae- 
nidae  (Lepid.) 103 

Lovel! — The  Origin  of  the  Oligotropic 
Habit  among  Bees  (  Hymen  ) 104 

Mengel — A   new  Erycinid   from  South 
America  (Lepid.  1 112 

Joicey— The  Suffert  Collection  of  But- 
terflies (Lep.) 112 

Haskin — The  Danaine  Species  of  North 
America  and  their  Mimics  (Lepid).   113 

Chamberlin — Notes  on  Chilopoda  from 

the  Galapagos  Islands 121 

^xShelford — Noteworthy    Variations     in 


Photographs  of  Entomologists  desired  130 

Editorial  131 

Stoner — The  Harlequin   Cabbage  Bug 

in  Iowa  (Hemip.) 132 

United  States  Civil-Service  Examina- 
tion for  Scientific  Assistant,  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture 133 

The  Adams  Collection  of  Lepidoptera  133 
Townsend — Two  New  Generic  Names 

in  Muscoidea  (Dipt.) 133 

Bromeliadicolous  Insects 133 

'Entomological  Literature 134 

Review    of    Dyar — Insecutor   Inscitiae 

Menstruus 139 

Review  of  Aulmann — Psyllidarum  Cat- 
alogus 139 


the   Elytral   Tracheation  of  Cicin- 

dela  (Coleop.) 124   I    Doings  of  Societies 139 

Frost — Notes    on    Tomoxia    bidentata  Obituary — Franklin  A.  Merrick 144 


Say  and  linella  Lee.  (Coleop.) 126 

The  Vote  on  Priority  in  Nomenclature  129 
Watson — A  new  Form  of  Hemileuca 

burns!  (Saturn.,  Lep.) 130 


Obituary — L.  E.  Ricksecker 144 


Everes  comyntas  and  amyntula  (Lepid.). 

By  G.  T.  BETHUNE-BAKER,  Edgbaston,  Birmingham,  England. 

(Plate  V) 

A  few  years  ago,  when  the  late  J.  W.  Tutt  was  preparing 
his  history  of  Everes  argiades  for  his  work  British  Lepidop- 
tera, he  asked  me  for  my  views  on  the  species  and  its  allies. 
This  involved  an  intricate  correspondence  with  my  friend  and 
also  with  Dr.  Chapman,  who  was  likewise  working  at  the  spe- 
cies with  the  same  object.  It  led,  later  on,  to  considerable  re- 
search as  to  the  Eastern  forms  of  the  genus  and  in  like  manner 
to  those  from  the  far  West.  In  this  paper  I  propose  to  con- 
sider these  latter  only,  inasmuch  as  the  questions  arising  among 
the  Indian  and  Chinese  species  do  not  enter  into  the  relation- 
ship of  comyntas  and  its  allies.  Primarily  my  best  thanks  are 
due  to  Mr.  W.  P.  Comstock,  of  New  York,  who  has  taken 
great  trouble  and  care  in  elucidating  the  number  of  broods  in 
that  area  and  in  giving  me  a  bibliographical  list  of  the  species 

97 


98  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [March,   '13 

here  enumerated.  I  have  also  to  thank  Mr.  W.  W.  Newcomer 
and  many  others  who  have  liberally  given  me  specimens  from 
all  parts  of  North  America,  so  that  I  now  have  in  my  collec- 
tion over  600  specimens  from  different  parts  of  that  continent 
and  have  examined  at  least  a  couple  of  hundred  in  other  col- 
lections. 

Careful  examination  and  comparison  reveal  variations  oc- 
curring in  American  forms  on  much  the  same  lines  as  obtain  in 
European  forms,  but  we  have,  however,  none  of  the  beautiful 
blue  females  that  are  fairly  frequent  in  America.  The  dull 
blue  of  our  polysperchon  is  so  dull  and  of  such  restricted  area 
that  it  does  not  at  all  approach  to  the  bright  and  large  suffusions 
of  comyntas  or  the  almost  entirely  blue  females  that  are  ap- 
parently the  prevalent  form  in  Southern  California.  Mr.  N. 
Criddle  sent  me  some  specimens  of  amyntitla  from  Aweme, 
Manitoba,  which  approximate  somewhat  closely  to  the  Austro- 
Hungarian  and  Balkan  decolorata  Stgr.  on  the  upper  side,  but 
the  under  side  is  quite  different.  In  both  the  American  insects 
the  size  varies  very  considerably,  quiet  as  much— nay  more— 
in  the  apparently  single-brooded  am \mtul a  than  in  the  many- 
brooded  comyntas. 

It  may  be  well  now  to  treat  with  the  species  individually, 
but  in  so  doing  I  would  say  I  do  not  propose  to  deal  with  all 
the  literature,  but  rather  to  consider  the  species  in  relation  to 

each  other. 

Everes  comyntas  Godart. 

Everes  comyntas  Scudd.,  Syst.  Rev.,  p.  35  (18/2)  ;  Buff.  Bull.  Hi, 
p.  114  (1876):  Butts,  pp.  130,  152,  308,  fig.  125  (1881)  ;  Butts,  New 
Eng.,  ii,  p.  911,  pi.  VT,  ff.  9  and  10  (1889)  ;  Brief  Guide,  p.  123  (1893). 
Staudinger  and  Rebel,  p.  77  (1901).  Dyar  List,  Bull.  U.  S.  N.  M., 
p.  45  (1902).  Tutt.  Brit.  Butt.,  III.  p.  72  (1909). 

Lycacua  coiuyiitas  Doubleday,  List  Lep.  B.  M.,  ii,  p.  43  (1847).  Ed- 
wards, Can.  Ent,  viii,  p.  202  (1876).  Middl.,  Lep.  Ins.  Til.,  x,  p.  95 
(1881).  Fernakl,  Butts.  Maine,  p.  01,  f.  32  (1884).  Edwards,  Cat.  X. 
Am.  Butt.,  p.  65  (1884).  French.  Butts.  E.  Un.  States,  p.  292  (1886). 
Maynard,  Butts.  New  Eng.,  p.  40,  pi.  V,  ff.  50,  5oa  (1886).  Godrrr.  and 
Salv.,  Biol.  C.  Am.  Rlmp..  ii.  p.  108  (1887).  Ckll.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent. 
Soc.,  xx,  p.  355  (1893).  Grant,  Can.  Ent.,  xxix.  p.  208  (181)7).  Williams. 
Can.  Ent.,  xxxv,  p.  187  (1903). 


Vol.   xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 


99 


Polyommatus  coniyntas  Godart,  Enc.  Meth.,  ix,  pp.  607  and  660. 
Latreille,  1.  c.,  608  (1819).  Durban,  Can.  Nat.,  v,  p.  246  (1860).  Mor- 
ris, Syn.  Lep.  N.  Am.,  p.  83  (1862).  Harris,  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.,  3d  ed.,  p. 
275  (1862);  Entom.  Corresp.,  p.  275  (1869).  Aar.,  Can.  Ent,  ix,  p. 
200  ("1877). 

Argus.  Bdv.  and  LeConte,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  p.  120,  pi.  36,  ff.  6-9 
(1833). 

Comyntas.  Strecker.  Lep.  Rhop.  Het,  p.  82  (1874).  Mead,  Wheeler's 
Rep.,  v,  p.  783  (1875).  Strecker,  Cat.  N.  Am.  Macrolep.,  p.  92  (1878^. 
Packard,  Guide,  p.  265  (1874).  Pilate,  Papilio,  ii,  p.  66  (1882).  Beu- 
tenmiiller,  Des.  Cat.  Butt.,  p.  284  (1893).  Skinner,  N.  Am.  Rhop.,  p. 
59  (1898).  Holland,  Butt.  Book,  p.  268  (1898).  Smith,  Ins.  N.  J.. 
2d  ed.,  p.  376  (1899).  Beutenmiiller,  Butt.  Vic.  N.  Y.,  p.  36  (1902). 
Smith,  Ins.  N.  J.,  3d  cd.,  p.  416  (1909). 

Plcbcius.     Kirby,  Syn.  Cat.,  p.  653   (1871). 

The  variations  of  the  upper  side  consist  chiefly  in  the  width 
of  the  blackish  termen  and  in  the  amount  of  orange  color  at 
the  anal  angle  of  the  secondaries.  I  have  before  me  specimens 
in  which  the  margin  is  almost  linear,  whilst  in  one  from  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  it  is  nearly  3  mm.  wide  and  there  are  gradations 
through  from  the  one  to  the  other ;  in  that  same  specimen  also 
(from!  St.  Louis)  the  orange  spot,  or  rather  two  spots,  at  the 
anal  angle  are  larger  than  in  any  other  male  specimen.  The 
spotting  of  the  under  side  is  very  constant,  especially  in  the 
primaries.  I  have  only  one!  or  two  that  show  any  obsoletion ; 
in  those  cases  the  costal  and  the  third  spot  in  the  macular 
transverse  band  are  almost  absent.  In  one  the  costal  spot  has 
quite  disappeared ;  in  the  secondaries  this  characteristic  is  less 
rare,  the  spot  below  the  second  costal  spot  is  not  infrequently 
absent  or  obsolescent,  whilst  the  third  spot  in  the  curved  macu- 
hir  row,  below  the  one  just  mentioned,  is  also  affected  in  a  like 
manner.  In  only  one  specimen  do  I  find  a  nearly  complete  ob- 
solescence, viz.,  one  sent  by  Mr.  Newcomb  from  Oakland, 
Michigan.  In  this  the  two  bottom  spots  in  the  transverse  macu- 
lar row  are  present  in  the  primaries,  and  in  addition  to  this  a 
very  minute  spot  is  visible  between  veins  5  and  6  on  the  right 
wing  only ;  in  the  secondaries  the  basal  and  outer  spot  are  pres- 
ent but  very  small,  whilst  there  is  a  minute  spot  visible  on  the 
inner  margin  of  the  left  wing,  and  the  dashes  closing  the  cells 
are  visible  but  fine. 


100  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,    '13 

The  usual  form  of  the  female,  so  far  as  my  specimens  go,  is 
brown  from  the  Eastern  States,  with  very  occasional  touches 
of  blue  from  St.  Louis.  I  have  three  decidedly  blue  specimens 
out  of  about  two  dozen,  which  (blue)  form  increases  as  we  go 
westwards  until  in  New  Mexico  it  appears  to  be  the  typical 
form.  I  have  a  very  long  series  from  Fort  Wingate  (Coll. 
Woodgate),  but  have  not  got  one  entirely  brown  female,  all 
with  one  exception  showing  a  large  suffusion  of  blue.  These 
were  sent  over  to  England  as  amyntula,  but  there  is  no  doubt 
that  they  are  comyntas,  though  they  are  larger  than  the  Eastern 
specimens  of  that  insect.  I  regret  to  say  I  have  seen  no  females 
from  Mount  Shasta,  where  comyntas  and  amyntula  are  reported 
as  flying  together.  I  have  examined  a  few  males  of  the  former 
species  from  that  district  which  are  without  doubt  comyntas. 
From  Canada  I  regret  that  I  have  not  sufficient  material  to 
form  any  conclusions  on ;  from  Halifax,  N.  S.,  the  females  are 
brown. 

There  appears  to  be  little  doubt  that  in  the  New  York  dis- 
trict the  species  has  four  broods.  Mr.  W.  P.  Comstock  has 
taken  a  great  amount  of  trouble  to  work  out  this  subject  for  me. 
Here  I  give  the  records  that  he  has  kindly  furnished  me  with, 
which  refer  to  his  observations  for  the  year  1009,  it  being  in 
the  early  part  of  that  year  that  our  correspondence  commenced. 

"First  brood  occurring  at  Jamesburg,  N.  J. 

"May  8th  I  took  four  males  and  one  female,  all  quite  fresh. 

"May  I7th,  nine  males  and  three  females,  which  latter  were  used  for 
breeding,  all  being  still  fresh. 

"May  24th,  twelve  males,  but  no  female,  seen ;  most  were  a  little 
worn. 

"May  3Oth,  only  two  males  were  seen. 

"June  marks  a  distinct  period  between  the  first  and  second  broods, 
no  specimens  being  seen  at  Jamesburg. 

"Second  brood. — July  4th  a  quite  fresh  male  and  female  were  taken, 
also  a  larva  in  its  first  stage. 

"Second  brood  taken  at  Newark.  N.  J. 

"July  5th,  the  species  was  fairly  thick,  all   fresh  specimens. 

"July  25th  I  took  five  males  and  three  females,  some  much  worn, 
only  one  fresh,  which  was  probably  a  forward  of  the  third  brood. 

"Third  brood. — On  July  24th  I  bred  specimens  from  larvae  taken  at 
Jamesburg  during  the  first  week  in  July. 


Vol.   Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [OI 

"August.    The  species  is  on  the  wing  during  the  whole  of  this  moult. 

"September.  Not  infrequent  through  the  greater  part  of  this  month 
also.  On  the  25th  of  September  I  found  larvae  nearly  fed  up,  whilst  on 
the  7th  and  3ist  of  October  I  found  a  pupa  of  it." 

I  have  before  me  Mr.  Comstock's  records  of  the  species  from 
1899  to  1908,  from  which  it  is  evident  that,  with  the  exception 
of  the  month  of  June,  it  is  on  the  wing  in  the  New  York  dis- 
trict and  within  a  radius  of  fifty  miles  from  the  centre  of  that 
city  from  early  May  till  the  middle  of  September.  In  June  he 
took  a  single  specimen  twice,  only  once  in  1899  on  June  25th 
at  Van  Courtlandt  Park,  New  York  City,  and  one  on  June  2ist 
at  Jamesburg  in  1908.  It  appears,  therefore,  that  there  are  four 
broods,  the  first  and  second  with  a  distinct  interval,  viz.,  the 
month  of  June,  whilst  with  the  second,  third  and  fourth  there 
may  be  overlapping.  It  ;.si  not  unlikely  that  the  fourth  brood 
may  be  only  a  partial  on«. 

I  have  a  long  series  all  dated  from  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  they 
appear  on  the  wing  earlier  in  the  year,  viz.,  April  i7th.  On  this 
date  I  have  four  males  and  one  female.  In  this  locality  the 
interval  between  the  first  and  second  brood  appears  to  be  in  the 
latter  part  of  May  and  the  early  part  of  June,  for  on  and  after 
June  14,  1909,  it  was  regularly  on  the  wing  to  the  end  of  July. 
I  have  no  specimens  taken  in  August,  but  several  in  September, 
the  latest  date  being  September  16,  1909. 

Mr.  Frost  sent  me  a  nice  series  from  Framingham,  Mass.,  all 
dated,  where  it  occurs  plentifully  in  July  and  August.  No 
doubt  it  also  occurs  earlier,  but  I  wrote  to  that  gentleman  late 
in  the  year. 

From  Michigan  (Oakland  County)  the  dates  are  similar 
to  the  New  York  district,  but  the  females  are  peculiar,  being 
sooty  black  with  a  limited  suffusion  of  deep  but  brightish  blue- 
scales. 

From  New  Mexico  (Fort  Wingate,  Woodgate  Coll.)  my 
specimens,  a  long  series,  start  on  the  seventh  of  May,  are  on 
the  wing  regularly  throughout  June  and,  I  understand,  also  in 
July  and  August.  It  is  interesting  that  this  is  the  only  locality 
that  I  can  trace  where  there  is  no  interval  between  the  first  and 
second  broods. 


IO2  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,    '13 

Other  localities  that  I  am  aware  of  from  my  own  and  other 
collections,  including  the  British  Museum,  are :  North  Carolina, 
Nevada,  Maine,  Pennsylvania,  Florida,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Ore- 
gon, Oklahoma,  Sonoma  Co.,  San  Bernardino  and  Shasta  (Cal.), 
Texas,  Vera  Cruz,  Orizaba,  Polochic  Valley,  Guatemala,  Brit- 
ish Honduras,  Nicaragua.  All  the  females  from  the  last  half- 
dozen  localities  are  suffused  with  blue,  whilst  a  characteristic 
of  the  California!!  males  is  that  they  have  quite  narrow  black- 
borders. 

The  larva  (teste  Comstock)  is  highly  variable  in  color — red 
brown,  violet  brown  or  yellow  brown — as  a  rule,  but  he  has 
had  them  green,  also  red  brown  striped  with  green.  Generally 
they  are  speckled  with  lighter,  from  which  the  hairs  spring. 
On  July  4,  1908,  he  found  fifty  eggs  on  Desmodium  (  ?  sp. )  at 
Monmouth  Junction,  N.  J.,  which  duly  hatched  and  fed  up  well 
on  red  clover  flower  heads.  The  first  imago  appeared  on  July 
27th.  August  2d  more  eggs  were  easily  found  on  the  same 
species  of  plant  at  Snake  Hill,  N.  J.  On  September  /th  both 
ova  and  larvae  were  found  at  Dennisville.  N.  J.,  on  Lcspedcza 
hirta,  and  on  the  i6th  of  the  same  month  forty  larvae  and  a 
few  unhatched  ova  were  found  on  the  same  species  of  plant  at 
Andover,  N.  J.  All  these  larvae  hibernated,  but  all  died ;  my 
friend  tells  me  he  had  thought  that  on  account  of  their  small 
size  they  were  not  full  fed  and  he  expected  them  to  feed  up  in 
the  spring.  The  probability  seems  to  me  that  in  a  very  favor- 
able October  there  may  be  a  partial  fifth  brood  (this  I  say  from 
the  fact  that  Mr.  Comstock  found  two  pupae  in  that  month), 
but  that  in  ordinary  seasons  the  larvae  feed  up  fully  in  the 
autumn,  hibernate  in  this  stage  and  complete  their  metamor- 
phosis in  the  spring. 

Habits  of  the  perfect  insect. — Mr.  Frost  considers  it  is  a 
species  easily  frightened,  in  which  case  it  will  suddenly  drop 
to  the  earth  and  will  crawl  down  almost  into  the  roots  of  the 
grass :  they  often  indulge,  however,  in  play  or  quarrels,  when 
they  will  frequently  mount  into  the  air  to  a  considerable  height. 

Genitalia. — These  prove  conclusively  in  my  judgment  that  the  species 
is  a  form  of  coretas,  not  of  argiades.  I  regard  these  as  distinct  species 


Vol.   Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  IO3 

on  account  of  the  differences  in  the  genitalia — differences  which  appear 
to  be  constant.  In  argiades  the  aedoeagus  is  slender  and  of  almost 
uniform  width  till  quite  close  to  the  extremity;  in  coretas  it  is  quite 
broad  at  the  base,  gradually  tapering  for  two-thirds  of  its  length,  when 
it  suddenly  narrows  and  is  fairly  even  to  the  apex ;  the  clasps  are 
heavier  made,  the  upper  curved  hook-like  extremity  being  stouter, 
shorter,  and  the  curve  much  sharper  in  argiades  than  in  coretas;  the 
tegumen  also  differs,  in  argiades  the  central  point,  though  sharp,  is  not 
elongate  as  in  coretas,  but  more  triangular,  as  it  were,  and  from  the 
central  point  the  sides  of  the  tegumen  gradually  slope  off  evenly,  but 
in  coretas  they  are  quite  distinctly  shouldered,  the  latter  species  being 
less  copiously  and  more  finely  haired  in  this  region  than  in  argiades; 
the  fakes  or  hooks  of  this  region  are  more  slender  than  is  the  case  in 
the  latter  species  (argiades). 

In  comyntas  all  these  points  are  strongly  emphasized.  The  aedoeagus 
is  very  decidedly  stouter  at  the  base,  tapers  more  rapidly,  but  for  a 
shorter  distance,  being  only  for  a  little  more  than  half  the  whole  length. 
The  hooks  of  the  clasp  are  longer  and  finer  than  even  in  coretas,  whilst 
the  softer  lower  somewhat  spatulate  and  folded  extremity  of  the  clasp 
is  proportionately  longer  than  in  coretas,  but  slenderer,  thus  in  this  one 
particular  being  rather  nearer  argiades.  The  tegumen  is  even  squarer 
and  more  shouldered  than  in  coretas  and  the  falces  are  longer  also ;  the 
fulcrum,  or  support  for  the  aedoeagus,  has  a  long  stem  and  is  placed 
near  the  middle  of  the  clasp  in  this  genus,  but  in  comyntas  its  bifid  arms 
are  decidedly  shorter  than  in  either  of  the  European  species. 

I  started  this  investigation  under  the  impression  that  the 
American  species  was  argiades  pure  and  simple.  My  final  con- 
clusion is  that  it  is1  now  a  distinct  species  from  either  coretas 
or  argiades,  the  markings  and  pattern  are  nearer  the  latter,  but 
the  genitalia  have  developed  in  the  direction  of  coretas  and 
have  gone  well  beyond  that  species. 

(To  be  continued) 


Method  of  Breeding  Lycaenidae    (Lepid.) 

I  have  had  great  success  this  past  season  in  breeding  Lycaenidae. 
By  placing  gravid  females  in  glass-covered  boxes,  which  were  then 
placed  in  the  sunlight,  I  induced  practically  every  female  so  exposed 
to  oviposit.  Care  should  be  taken  that  the  sun's  rays  are  not  too  in- 
tense. In  this  way  I  obtained  ova  of  Lycacna  sonorensis,  battoides, 
acmon,  polyphemus,  exilis,  Clirys.  arota  and  Theda  dumetorum  — 
KARL  R.  COOLIDGE. 


io4  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [March,  '13 

The   Origin  of  the  Oligotropic   Habit   among   Bees 

(Hymen.). 

By  JOHN  H.  LOVELL,  Waldoboro,  Maine. 

In  the  December,  1912,  number  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS, 
Mr.  Charles  Robertson  offers  a  number  of  criticisms  on  my 
treatment  of  oligotropic  bees  in  the  Popular  Science  Monthly 
for  August,  1912.  It  should  be  premised  that  the  paper  was 
a  popular  presentation  of  the  subject,  from  which  unnecessary 
technicalities  were  omitted.  In  one  or  two  instances  Mr.  Rob- 
ertson gives  the  obvious  meaning  of  the  writer  and  then  sug- 
gests an  alternative  view,  from  which  he  proceeds  to  differ; 
there  would  appear  to  be  an  evident  desire  to  provide  material 
for  criticism.  There  was  no  intention  on  the  writer's  part  of 
attributing  the  definitions  of  oligotropic  and  polytropic  bees, 
which  were  given  in  the  modified  forms  suggested  by  Mr. 
Robertson  in  1899,  to  Dr.  Loew.  For  the  benefit  of  those  not 
familiar  with  the  literal  meaning  of  these  words  it  was  stated 
that  they  signified  adapted  to  few  or  to  many  flowers  and  orig- 
inated with  or  were  proposed  by  Loew. 

Mr.  Robertson  says  that  Epeolus  is  a  genus  of  inquilines. 
Formerly  he  asserted  the  contrary.  In  the  Bot.  Gaz.,  28 135, 
he  said:  "I  have  never  believed  that  our  species  of  Epeolus 
were  cuckoos  of  Colletes,  because  there  are  more  common 
species  of  the  former  than  of  the  latter  genus,  and  their  pheno- 
logical  positions  do  not  show  the  correlations  which  exist  be- 
tween Andrena  and  Nomada,  Megachile  and  Coelioxys.  Be- 
sides the  maximum  of  Epeolus  does  not  approximate  that  of 
any  other  genus  of  bees  on  which  it  might  be  supposed  to  be 
inquiline.  Then  they  are  more  abundant  than  would  be  ex- 
pected of  inquiline  bees.  Mr.  Ashmead's  observations  confirm- 
ed my  views,  and  I  have  never  doubted  their  correctness  since 
I  first  read  an  account  of  them.  In  Psyche  for  March,  1894, 
p.  41,  he  states  that  he  found  E.  donatits  making  nests  in  the 
ground  and  provisioning  them  with  honey  paste.  Epeolus 
thus  comes  under  the  same  category  as  Prosopis  and  is  treated 
the  same  way  in  the  table."  Mr.  Robertson  is  here  positive 


Vol.   xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  IO5 

that  Epeolus  is  not  a  parasitic  genus,  and  expresses  an  entire 
absence  of  doubt  as  to  the  correctness  of  this  conclusion.  Dr. 
Graenicher  has  shown  (Bull.  Wis.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.}  3:164) 
that  Triepeolus  helianthi  is  an  inquiline  of  Melissodes  trinodis. 
In  1910  Prof.  Cockerell  in  "An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of 
Rocky  Mountain  Bees"  (Univ.  Col.  Studies,  7:  183)  described 
Triepeolus  Rob.  as  a  parasitic  genus,  but  Epeolus  sens  str.  is 
not  thus  characterized.  In  this  locality  I  have  never  taken 
either  sex  of  Triepeolus  donatus  except  on  the  flowers  of  the 
Compositae.  It  can  not  be  competition  for  pollen  which  leads 
this  species  and  one  or  two  others  of  the  same  genus  to  visit  ex- 
clusively the  inflorescence  of  this  family.  Evidently  it  is  the 
attractiveness  of  the  flowers. 

In  Southern  Maine  both  sexes  of  Halictoidcs  novae-angliae 
year  after  year  visit  exclusively  the  flowers  of  the  pickerel 
weed;  and  I,  therefore,  call  the  species  monotropic  in  this 
locality.  Because  in  another  region,  where  the  pickerel  weed 
is  absent,  it  visits  other  flowers,  Robertson  ^vould  not  regard 
it  as  monotropic  anywhere.  This  is  a  matter  of  definition  in 
which  we  differ.  If  a  bee  in  a  certain  region  visits  only  one 
species  of  flower  for  pollen  I  would  consider  it  monotropic  in 
that  area,  and  I  believe  that  this  usage  should  prevail.  It 
seems  probable  that  any  oligotropic  bee,  which  extends  into 
a  region  where  the  flowers  it  habitually  visits  elsewhere  do  not 
occur,  will  resort  to  other  flowers.  Robertson  would  seem 
formerly  to  have  held  a  similar  opinion  for  he  says  (Bot.  Gaz., 
28:34),  "When  the  flowers  upon  which  a  bee  depends  become 
extinct  or  rare,  the  bee  may  disappear  or  be  forced  to  resort 
to  flowers  which  originally  it  did  not  visit." 

I  am  aware  of  the  so-called  analogy  presented  by  other 
groups  of  organisms  to  oligotropism ;  and  in  my  article  men- 
tioned certain  Lepidoptera  and  Coleoptera,  which  live  on  a 
single  plant  species  both  in  the  larval  and  adult  stages ;  yet  the 
oligotropic  habit  does  not  appear  so  obvious  to  me  as  to  Rob- 
ertson. The  honey  bee,  bumble  bees  and  many  other  bees  visit 
a  great  variety  of  flowers  and  the  natural  expectation  would 
be  that  all  bees  are  polytropic.  Certainly  this  is  what  most 


IO6  KNTOMOLOGTCAL    NEWS.  [March,     '13 

persons  do  suppose.  Oligotropism  could  not  have  been  self- 
evident  to  Hermann  Muller  or  he  would  not  have  written 
(Fertilization  of  PJants,  p.  570)  :  "In  general  anthophilous 
insects  are  not  limited  by  hereditary  instinct  to  certain  flowers, 
but  they  wander  about  getting  their  food  on  whatever  flowers 
they  find  it."  etc. 

In  the  paragraph  beginning  with  the  sentence,  "The  oli- 
gotropic  habit  is  not  beneficial  to  flowers,  it  concerns  the  bees 
alone,"  oligotropism  is  stated  to  have  arisen  independently  of 
any  benefit  received  by  the  flowers  and  solely  because  it  is 
an  advantage  to  the  bees.  It  would  seem  that  no  one  could 
be  misled  by  the  paragraph  as  a  whole,  except  perhaps  an  over- 
willing  critic.  I  can  hardly  believe  that  Robertson  supposed 
that  I  intended  to  deny  the  value  of  "flower  fidelity"  to  flowers. 
Personally,  I  believe  that  flower  fidelity  on  the  part  of  bees  is 
an  advantage  to  flowers,  as  I  stated  later  in  my  article  and  as 
Robertson  noticed ;  though  the  advantages  of  cross-pollination 
are  questioned  by  some  ecologists.  The  writer  distinguishes 
between  oligotropism  and  flower  fidelity.  The  oligotropic 
habit  is  flower  fidelity  carried  to  the  extreme.  Polytropic  bees 
also  possess  flower  fidelity.  It  would  not  be  an  advantage  to  a 
flora  for  all  the  bees  to  be  oligotropic,  since  then  many  ento- 
mophilous  flowers  would  not  be  visited  by  these  most  im- 
portant agents  in  pollination.  The  time  of  flight  of  many 
polytropic  bees  would  necessarily  be  greatly  reduced,  which 
would  clearly  be  a  great  disadvantage.  I  know  of  no  native 
flower  which  is  wholly  dependent  for  pollination  on  an  oli- 
gotropic bee ;  usually  the  flowers  are  visited  by  many  other 
bees  and  the  oligotropic  bee  may  be  comparatively  rare  and 
unimportant.  Andrena  solidaginis  is  so  rare  in  this  locality 
as  to  be  of  no  significance  in  the  pollination  of  Solidago.  It 
is  sufficient  if  a  flower  is  effectively  pollinated,  and  repeated 
visits  may  be  and  often  are  useless.  Therefore  the  ento- 
mophilous  flora  of  a  region,  as  a  whole,  is  not  better  pollinated 
because  a  part  of  the  bees  are  oligotropic  than  it  would  be  if 
they  were  all  polytropic. 

How  has  the  oligotropic  habit  originated?     Mr.  Robertson 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOCJCAL  NEWS.  107 

believes  that  it  is  the  result  of  an  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
different  species  of  bees  to  avoid  competition.  I  hold  that  it 
has  arisen  because  of  the  direct  advantage  gained  coupled 
with  a  short  term  of  flight. 

While  the  white  clover  is  in  bloom  in  the  Eastern  States  the 
honey  bee  visits  the  flowers  almost  exclusively  for  nectar  and 
pollen.  There  is  here  no  question  of  competition ;  primarily 
the  bees  come  to  procure  the  great  abundance  of  nectar  found 
in  the  clover  heads,  and  pollen  is  gathered  from  the  same  flow- 
ers as  a  matter  of  convenience.  If  the  honey  bee  flew  only 
while  the  white  clover  was  in  bloom  it  would  be  regarded  as  a 
monotropic  visitor  of  this  plant;  but  as  it  flies  throughout  a 
large  part  of  the  year  and  requires  ample  stores  it  can  never 
become  oligotropic.  In  California  for  a  time  honey  bees  gather 
nectar  wholly  from  the  sages ;  in  Michigan  from  the  raspberry 
or  willow  herb ;  in  the  Central  States  from  the  basswood ;  in 
Xew  York  from  buckwheat,  and  in  Maine  in  the  fall  they  ob- 
tain both  pollen  and  nectar  largely  from  the  golden  rods.  The 
correlation  existing  between  the  domestic  bee  and  various  flow- 
ers affords  an  ever-present  illustration  of  the  way  in  which 
the  oligotropic  habit  might  arise  in  the  case  of  a  bee  with  a 
short  term  of  flight. 

There  can  be  no  competition  where  there  is  an  over-abund- 
ance of  supplies.  No  other  early  blooming  entomophilous  flow- 
ers yield  so  much  pollen  and  nectar  as  the  willows.  Xo  other 
genus  of  honey  plants  in  early  spring  is  so  valuable  to  the 
apiarist  as  Sali.v.  The  honey  bees  gather  great  quantities  of 
pollen,  and  in  some  localities  they  are  reported  as  storing  from 
8  to  15  pounds  of  honey  per  hive  from  this  source  alone.  The 
remarkable  fitness  of  the  willows  to  the  needs  of  Andrenid 
bees  has  been  observed  by  Mr.  C.  M.  Weed  (Ten  Netv  Eng- 
l.nid  Blossoms,  p.  9),  who  remarks  upon  the  great  abundance 
of  pollen  and  nectar  and  the  absence  of  any  equally  attractive 
i lowers.  In  a  paper  on  "The  Relations  of  the  Andrenine  Bees 
to  the  Entomophilous  Flora  of  Milwaukee  County"  (Trans, 
ll'is.  Ac.  Nat.  Sciences,  Vol.  15),  Dr.  Graenicher  has  given  a 
list  of  the  47  species  of  Andrcna  occurring  in  that  locality 


zoS  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [March,   '13 

with  their  time  of  flight  and  the  flowers  they  visit  for  pollen. 
No  species  of  Andrena  has  ever  been  seen  in  spring  before  the 
willows  blossom,  "although  two  species  of  entomophilous  plants 
Brigenia  bulbosa  and  Hepatica  ocuta  open  up  their  flowers 
earlier  than  this  willow''  (Salix  discolor}.  The  two  species 
which  first  appear  fly  for  about  a  month,  and  are  both  oligo- 
tropic  visitors  of  Salix.  At  the  beginning  of  their  flight  they 
are,  of  course,  exposed  to  no  competition  whatever  from  other 
species  of  Andrena.  From  March  3ist  to  April  28th  ten  spe- 
cies of  Andrena  appear  successively,  of  which  four  are  oli- 
gotropic  visitors  of  Salix  with  an  average  time  of  flight  of 
about  44  days.  Six  species  are  polytropic,  but  they  all  obtain 
a  part  of  their  pollen  from  the  willows ;  in  Maine  they  are  of- 
len  present  in  large  numbers  so  that  the  oligotropic  species 
would  not  escape  competition  with  them  if  there  was  a  scarcity 
of  pollen.  Their  average  time  of  flight  is  about  63  days,  or 
43  per  cent,  longer  than  that  of  the  oligotropic  species,  which 
greatly  increases  the  probability,  or  may  render  it  necessary, 
that  they  obtain  a  part  of  their  pollen  from  other  flowers  than 
those  of  Salix.  Common  and  widely  distributed  species,  like 
A.  vicina,  which  flies  for  about  two  months,  doubtless  often 
find  it  more  convenient  to  gather  pollen  from  flowers  which 
are  nearer  their  nests. 

Certain  species  of  Andrena  visit  the  willows  exclusively 
because  during  their  comparatively  short  time  of  flight  they 
can  readily  obtain  all  the  pollen  and  nectar  they  require,  and 
there  is  no  occasion  for  them  to  go  elsewhere.  But  they  do 
not  thus,  as  has  been  shown,  escape  the  presence  of  the  poly- 
tropic  species,  which  are  frequently  very  common.  Of  the 
four  species  of  Andrena  oligotropic  to  Salix  in  Maine  only 
one  is  common,  A.  illinoensis,  a  small  bee,  not  likely  to  fly  far. 
The  oligotropic  ,A.  mariae  is  comparatively  rare,  while  the 
polytropic  A.  zveedi  Vier.  and  A.  liippotes  Rob.  are  very  com- 
mon on  the  willow  aments ;  it  sounds,  therefore,  somewhat 
paradoxical  to  say  that  the  former  escapes  competition  with 
the  polytropic  forms  because  of  their  absence.  It  is  because 
of  the  great  abundance  of  pollen  and  nectar  that  there  is  no 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [(X) 

competition  with  the  polytropic  bees  severe  enough  to  force 
the  oligotropic  species  to  go  elsewhere. 

The  maximum  of  species  of  Andrena  on  the  wing  at  one 
time  in  Milwaukee  County,  Wis.,  says  Dr.  Graenicher.  is 
reached  in  the  latter  part  of  May  and  lasts  throughout  the 
first  week  of  June.  Various  common  shrubs,  which  produce 
their  flowers  in  great  profusion  are  then  in  bloom,  as  Vibur- 
num, Crataegns,  Conius,  Ribes  and  Rub  us,  besides  a  great 
abundance  of  umbelliferous  flowers.  This  maximum,  there- 
fore, "corresponds  with  the  blooming  period  of  a  great  va- 
riety of  flowers,  representing  different  families."  The  ma- 
jority of  the  species  of  Andrena,  or  17,  are  polytropic,  as  the 
character  of  the  flora  would  make  probable.  Seven  species 
are  oligotropic,  two  getting  their  pollen  from  the  late  bloom- 
ing willows,  one  from  the  strawberry,  a  very  common  and 
widely  distributed  plant;  one  from  Geranium  maculatum,  and 
two  from  the  very  abundant  flowers  of  Thaspium  trifoliatwn 
aureum  and  Taenidia  integerrima,  two  species  of  Umbelli- 
ferae.  As  in  the  case  of  the  willows  the  flowers  of  the  two 
last  named  plants  are  visited  by  many  polytropic  bees.  The 
oligotropic  species,  then,  visit  very  common  flowers,  which 
are  in  bloom  during  the  entire  time  of  their  flight,  and  which 
produce  pollen  and  nectar  in  quantities  sufficiently  large  to 
prevent  injurious  competition  between  them  and  the  many 
polytropic  bees  which  visit  the  same  flowers. 

The  seventh  species  (A.  geranii}  in  Milwaukee  County 
gets  its  pollen  from  Hydrophyllum,  but  at  Carlinville,  111., 
according  to  Robertson,  it  also  gathers  pollen  from  BlephiKa 
ciliata.  Observations  on  the  visits  of  the  various  species  of 
Andrena  are  far  too  few  in  number.  Robertson  says  that  he 
has  observed  595  visits  of  51  species.  This  is  only  n.6  visits 
for  each  species.  A  large  number  of  observations  from  many 
localities  is  very  desirable,  and  might  modify  our  ideas  on 
the  constancy  of  oligotropic  bees. 

The  evidence  against  oligotropism  being  an  effort  on  the 
part  of  bees  to  avoid  competition  for  pollen  becomes  much 
stronger  when  we  consider  the  summer  and  autumnal  species 


HO  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,     '13 

of  Andrena.  In  Milwaukee  County,  Wis.,  according  to 
Graenicher,  there  are  then  n  species  of  Andrena  on  the 
wing;  and  all  of  them,  with  one  exception,  are  oligotropic 
visitors  of  the  Compositae.  The  single  exception  (A.  par- 
nassiae)  is  found  only  near  Whitefish  Bay,  Lake  Michigan, 
•where  Parnassia  caroliniana  produces  a  great  abundance  of 
flowers.  Evidently  this  bee  gets  its  pollen  from  these  flow- 
ers because  they  are  very  abundant  in  the  one  locality  where 
it  is  known.  As  stated  above  all  the  other  species,  ten  in 
number,  are  oligotropic  to  the  Compositae.  Many  genera  of 
this  family  are  excessively  common,  as  the  golden  rods,  as- 
tcrs,  sunflowers  and  thoroughworts,  and  yield  immense  quan- 
tities of  nectar  and  pollen.  There  are  very  strong  induce- 
ments for  these  bees  to  visit  these  flowers,  and  comparatively 
little  for  them  to  go  elsewhere.  These  oligotropic  species  of 
Andrena  cannot  visit  the  Compositae  to  avoid  competition 
with  other  species  of  the  same  genus  because  there  are  no 
other  species  flying.  Nor  can  they  receive  any  benefit  from 
other  species  visiting  the  flowers  of  other  families  for  the 
same  reason — the  entire  absence  of  such  Andrenid  bees. 
There  is  but  one  explanation  possible,  and  that  is  that  they 
visit  the  Compositae  exclusively  for  the  direct  advantages 
thus  obtained. 

This  point  is  still  further  illustrated  by  four  autumnal  spe- 
cies of  Andrena,  ,which  in  New  England  restrict  their  visits 
chiefly  to  the  golden  rods.  The  various  species  of  Solidagp 
are  extremely  common  and  occur  in  the  most  diverse  situa- 
tions from  marine  beaches  to  high,  open  woodlands.  For  a 
time  honey  bees  visit  almost  exclusively  the  inflorescence  of 
this  genus,  from  which  annually  they  gather  tons  of  honey 
and  a  great  amount  of  pollen.  The  visits  of  the  domestic 
bee  are  not  the  result  of  competition,  but  solely  because  of 
the  advantages  gained.  For  the  same  reason  Andrena  cana- 
denstis,  A.  nitbccnla,  A.  hirticincta  and  A.  solidaginis  g*et 
their  pollen  and  nectar  mostly  from  this  genus. 

Halictoidcs  novae-angliae ,  as  already  stated,  visits  exclu- 
sively in  this  locality  the  spikes  of  the  pickerel  weed  (Ponte- 


Vol.    Xxiv]  EXTOMOLOGICAL    NK\\S.  Ill 

deria  cor  data}.  There  is  no  other  species  of  this  genus  of 
bees  found  here.  They  are  rather  small  bees  with  a  weak 
flight.  As  pollinators  of  the  flowers  they  are  much  less  im- 
portant than  bumble  bees,  which  are  present  in  large  numbers 
and  make  their  visits  very  rapidly.  The  flowers  are  very 
abundant  and  offer  pollen,  nectar  and  shelter.  The  nests  of 
these  bees  are  probably  close  at  hand.  These  are  excellent 
reasons  why  they  should  restrict  their  visits  to  the  inflores- 
cence of  the  pickerel  weed.  They  cannot  be  influenced  by 
competition  with  any  other  species  of  Halictoides. 

The  majority  of  oligotropic  bees  flying  in  summer  and 
autumn,  whether  they  be  species  of  Colletes,  Andrena,  Per- 
dita,  Panfrrginus  or  Melissodes,  visit  exclusively  the  Com- 
positae.  This  course  tends  to  produce  competition,  not  to 
lessen  it.  The  large  and  crowded  inflorescence  consisting  of 
many  small  flowers  which  can  be  quickly  and  easily  visited, 
the  great  abundance  of  pollen  and  nectar,  and  the  common- 
ness and  wide  distribution  of  many  species  are  the  factors 
which  attract  these  bees.  No  other  family  of  plants  bloom- 
ing at  this  season  offers  equal  advantages.  Jn  a  paper  on 
the  bees  of  northwestern  Wisconsin,  Dr.  Graenicher  gives  a 
list  of  30  oligotropic  species,  of  which  19  get  their  pollen 
from  the  Compositae.  Many  species  of  Perdita,  according  to 
Professor  Cockerell,  are  found  only  on  the  Compositae,  12 
being  taken  on  the  flowers  of  Bigcloi'ia  it'rightii.  He  fur- 
ther states  that  there  is  a  "relationship  between  the  size  of 
the  bees,  the  length-*  of  their  tongues,  and  the  kinds  of  flow- 
ers." In  Maine  3  species  of  Colletes,  5  of  Andrena.  i  of  Per- 
dita, i  of  Pannrcjiinis,  and  4  of  Melissodes  are  oligotropic  to 
the  Compositae;  and  at  •Carlinville,  111.,  a  larger  number  of 
species  in  all  these  genera  (except  Perdita}  are  reported  by 
Mr.  Robertson  to  get  their  pollen  from  the  inflorescence  of 
this  family.  The  fact  that  so  many  species  of  bees  are  oligo- 
tropic to  the  Compositae  would  seem  alone  to  refute  the  the- 
ory that  this  habit  is  an  effort  on  their  part  to  avoid  competi- 
tion by  visiting  different  plant  families. 

In  conclusion  it  does  not  seem  difficult  to  understand  how 


112  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,    '13 

certain  bees,  with  a  short  term  of  flight  and  already  exhibit- 
ing flower  fidelity,  have  acquired  the  habit  of  restricting  their 
visits  to  common  flowers,  which  offer  a  great  abundance  of 
food  materials.  Accessory  factors  are  small  size,  time  of 
flight,  length  of  flight,  weak  flight,  vicinity  of  nests,  and  the 
number  of  bees.  On  the  other  hand,  no  satisfactory  evidence 
has  ever  been  presented  to  show  that  oligotropism  is  an  effort 
on  the  part  of  bees  to  avoid  competition.  If  there  was  a 
scarcity  of  pollen  sufficient  to  promise  severe  competition  it 
would  appear  that  it  would  be  a  disadvantage  to  any  species  of 
bee  to  restrict  its  visits  to  one  kind  of  food  plant. 


A  new  Erycinid  from  South  America  (Lepid,). 
By  LEVI  W.  MENGEL,  Reading,  Pa. 

Hermathena   quinquemaculata,   n.    sp. 

Expanse  of  spread  insect,  1.03  in.  Distance  from'  apex  of  anterior 
wing  to  base,  .56  in.  Length  of  body,  .41  in. 

Color,  white,  with  the  following  exceptions :  Apex  of  the  anterior 
wing,  black.  There  is  a  black  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  exterior  mar- 
gin. 

The  posterior  wing  is  white,  with  a  small  black 
spot  on   the   apex,   another  in  the  middle  of  the 
exterior    margin    and    a   third    towards    the   anal 
angle. 
The    base    of    the    fore    wing    is    black.      The 

head'  collar  and  scaPulae  are  black-  The  abdom- 
inal  segments  are  white,  except  the  anal  ex- 
tremity, which  is  black.  Legs,  white.  The  antennae  have  black  knobs, 
otherwise  white. 

Type. — Collection  Mengel.     Habitat. — Neiva,  U.  S.  Colum- 
bia. 


The   Suffert  Collection  of  Butterflies    (Lep.) 

The  large  collection  of  African  butterflies,  with  its  numerous  types, 
formed  by  the  late  Herr  E.  Suffert,  of  Berlin,  has  passed  into  the 
Joicey  Collection.  Entomologists  are  invited  to  compare  their  speci- 
mens with  the  types.. — J.  J.  Joicey,  The  Hill,  Witley,  Surrey.  (The 
Entomologist,  London,  Dec.,  1912.) 


Vol.   XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  113 

The  Danaine  Species  of  North  America  and   their 

Mimics  (Lepid.). 

Bates'  Theory  as  Applied  to  These  Species. 
By  I.  R.  HASKIN,  Los  Angeles,  California. 

Introductory. 

Each  of  the  North  American  Danaidas,  occupying  separate 
and  fairly  well-defined  territories,  has  a  corresponding  species 
of  Limenitis  so  clearly  resembling  it  in  general  appearance  as 
to  force  the  conclusion  that  their  resemblances  are  the  result 
of  mimicry. 

Professor  E.  B.  Poulton  (i)  (5)  has  pointed  out  that  these 
American  species  offer  one  of  the  most  clear-cut  cases  of  mi- 
micry in  the  world.  Plc.rippus  and  archippus,  berenice  and 
floridensis  are  well  known  and  a  great  deal  of  literature  is  at 
hand  concerning  them.  During  the  past  few  years  my  atten- 
tion has  been  called  more  particularly  to  D.  strigosa  and  L. 
obsoleta.  The  curious  mimetic  relationship  between  the  other 
members  of  the  two  genera  is  so  strikingly  followed  out  in 
these  two  comparatively  unknown  species  that  I  venture  to 
describe  them  at  some  length. 

D.   strigosa  and   D.   berenice. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  North  American  Danaidas  consist 
of  plexippus  and  berenice,  together  with  Bates'  form  strigosa. 
Strigosa  is  generally  understood  to  be  like  berenice,  except  that 
the  veins  on  the  upper  side  of  the  secondaries  are  finely  bor- 
dered with  ashen  gray.  There  is,  however,  a  much  more  no- 
ticeable difference  between  the  western  dry-climate  form,  which 
we  believe  Bates  had  in  mind  when  he  described  and  named 
strigosa,  and  the  form  berenice  found  in  the  humid  semi-tropi- 
cal climate  of  Florida.  In  Arizona  strigosa  is  very  common 
and  in  certain  sections  thousands  of  them  may  be  seen  during 
a  favorable  season.  Long  series  of  them  show  that  the  rich, 
uniform,  chocolate-brown  of  the  upper  side  of  berenice  occurs 
only  in  the  basal  area  of  both  wings  and  along  the  costal  edge 
of  the  primary  halfway  to  the  apex.  The  discal  areas  shade 
outwardly  to  a  lighter  brown  and  the  limbal  areas  are  markedly 


H4  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [March,   '13 

light  brown.  On  the  under  side,  especially  of  the  secondaries, 
the  brown  is  a  shade  lighter  than  on  berenice  and  may  be  de- 
scribed as  being  between  the  light  brown  of  plexippus  and  the 
chocolate  brown  of  berenice.  The  black  borders  of  the  wings 
are  not  so  heavy  as  on  berenice,  nor  are  the  veins  on  the  under 
side  of  the  secondaries  so  heavily  outlined  with  black.  In  my 
series  of  berenice  these  black  lines  on  the  under  side  are  gen- 
erally well  bordered  with  ashen  gray.  This  is  not  often  the 
case  with  strigosa.  Strigosa  generally,  though  not  always,  has 
the  veins  on  the  upper  side  of  the  secondaries  bordered  with 
ashen  gray.  It  very  seldom,  however,  is  marked  heavily 
enough  to  give  the  butterfly  a  "streaked"  appearance. 

Strigosa  runs  very  true  to  the  form  described  above.  It 
extends  over  a  fairly  wide  strip  of  territory  from  Southern 
California  in  the  neighborhood  of  Los  Angeles  eastward  at 
least  to  longitude  97  degrees  west,  and  it  probably  occurs  still 
further  east.  It  would  be  of  great  interest  to  learn  from  col- 
lectors between  Texas  and  Florida  whether  the  change  between 
the  two  forms  occurs  gradually  or  whether  strigosa's  territory 
is  confined  to  the  semi-arid  region  of  the  Southwest.  From 
the  limited  amount  and  variety  of  Florida  material  available 
for  my  study  I  rather  suspect  that  the  late  fall  brood  of  here- 
nice  inclines  toward  the  strigosa  type  of  coloration. 

Limenitis    obsoleta. 

Obsoleta  is  immediately  noticeable  for  the  remarkable  ac- 
curacy with  which  it  has  mimicked  the  coloration  of  D.  stri- 
gosa. When  I  first  observed  it  drifting  lazily  about  on  the 
plains  near  Phoenix,  Arizona,  I  did  not  give  chase,  as  I  had 
long  series  of  strigosa.  It  was  not  until  I  saw  one  sitting  on  a 
flower  with  wings  outstretched  and  the  tell-tale  bar  across  the 
secondaries  plainly  in  evidence  that  I  realized  that  it  was  obso- 
leta. It  has  exactly  the  same  shade  of  dark  brown  in  the  basal 
area  and  along  the  costal  edge.  This  shades  lighter  outwardly 
to  a  line  of  black-bordered  white  spots  separating  the  discal 
and  limbal  areas.  Outside  of  this  line  the  brown  is  noticeably 
lighter,  imitating  the  corresponding  areas  in  strigosa. 

On  the  under  side  the  same  close  imitation  of  strigosa  col- 


Vol.   XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  115 

oring  occurs  and  there  is  apparently  an  ingenious  attempt  to 
mimic  the  white  spots  and  dark  veins  with  the  means  at  hand. 
The  shading  of  the  brown  is  wonderfully  good.  The  veining 
on  the  under  side  of  striyosa's  secondaries  is  black  with  traces 
of  ashen  gray  bordering.  This  is  followed  in  obsoleta  even  to 
traces  of  the  gray  border.  On  the  primaries  of  obsoleta,  while 
the  veining  is  black  as  against  brown  in  strigosa,  the  black  is 
confined  to  the  veins  and  is  not  conspicuous. 

On  the  under  side  of  strigosa  there  is  what  appears  at  a 
slight  distance  to  be  an  irregular  black  and  white  line  across 
the  secondaries.  The  combination  forming  this  consists  of  a 
black-bordered  white  spot  midway  on  the  costa,  the  heavy 
black  discocellulars  irregularly  bordered  with  grayish-white 
blotches,  and,  on  the  males,  the  scent  pouch  which  is  black  cen- 
tered with  white.  In  approximately  the  same  position  on  obso- 
leta is  a  heavy  black  line  with  the  inner  edge  bordered  with 
white  which  is  broken  up  by  the  black  veins  into  a  row  of  white 
spots.  From  its  location  it  reminds  one  of  the  white  bar  of 
L.  arthcmis,  which  has  been  almost  obliterated. 

This  black  line  and  the  white  spots  "show  through"  on  the 
upper  side  of  the  wing  and  is  not  in  harmony  with  the  close 
mimicry  otherwise  displayed. 

My  theory  concerning  this  feature  is  that  in  the  attempt  to 
mimic  the  under  side  of  strigosa  this  bar  and  the  spots  were 
retained  and  that  they  persisted  on  the  upper  side  also.  A  sim- 
ilar attempt  is  made  on  the  primaries  to  imitate  the  white  spots 
of  strigosa.  Here  the  black  bar  is  nearly  eliminated  except  near 
the  costal  edge.  The  black  and  white  show  through  on  the 
upper  side  also,  but  assist  at  this  point  in  the  mimicry.  In 
addition  to  these  points  all  possible  traces  of  white  in  arthc- 
mis, and  the  pale  blue  lunules  in  the  borders  also,  are  empha- 
sized in  white  on  obsoleta  in  order  to  give  as  much  as  possible 
the  appearance  of  a  considerable  number  of  white  spots  on  the 
wings. 

In  support  of  my  theory  I  would  suggest  that  the  Danaidas 
nearly  always  keep  their  wings  folded,  with  the  under  sides 
showing,  when  they  are  at  rest  or  feeding  on  flowers  in  the 
open.  Why  should  not  obsoleta  attempt  the  mimicry  of  this 
side  at  the  expense  of  the  other  ? 


n6  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [March,   '13 

L.  floridensis. 

The  dark  chestnut-brown  floridensis  follows  the  typical 
dark  form  of  D.  berenicc  just  as  obsoleta  follows  strigosa.  A 
similar  uniform  shade  of  dark  brown  prevails.  In  this  case  the 
white  spots  have  disappeared  entirely  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
male's  secondaries  and  show  but  faintly  on  the  female's.  We 
may  surmise  that  as  the  white  spots  showed  too  vividly  on  the 
very  dark  coloration  of  this  species  they  were  eliminated  as 
much  as  possible.  They  remain  on  the  primaries,  where  they 
are  needed  to  mimic  the  spots  on  berenice. 

D.    plexippus   and    L.    archippus. 

These  well-known  butterflies  have  been  described  so  many 
times  that  very  little  need  be  said  about  them.  Concerning 
the  bar  across  the  secondaries  of  archippus,  is  it  possible  that 
archippus,  like  obsoleta,  has  attempted  to  imitate  the  discocel- 
lulars  of  its  model? 

Archippus  has  been  able  to  make  a  more  perfect  imitation  of 
its  model  than  have  the  others  for  the  reason  that  plexippus  is 
black-veined  throughout.  If  strigosa  and  berenice  were  sim- 
ilarly veined,  the  resemblance  of  their  mimics  would  doubtless 
be  as  striking  when  a  detailed  comparison  was  undertaken. 

Bionomic   Features   of   the   Limenitis   Group. 

The  dark,  white-barred  Admirals  are  essentially  frequenters 
of  the  wooded  districts.  They  may  be  found  flitting  about  the 
open  spaces  of  the  deep  woods  and  along  the  edges,  but  as  a 
rule  do  not  venture  far  out  in  the  open.  Their  flight  is  quick 
and  their  attitude  alert  and  vigilant. 

The  brown  Admirals  seem  to  have  taken  on  the  habits  of 
their  models  as  well  as  their  coloration.  Ar  chip  pus  may  be 
found  balancing  its  slow  flight  far  out  in  the  open  meadows 
and  perched  on  the  flowers  with  wings  folded  in  much  the 
same  manner  as  plexippus. 

The  early  stages  of  obsoleta  are  passed  among  the  willows 
along  the  Verde  and  Salt  Rivers  in  Arizona  and  probably 
along  the  other  water  courses  of  this  country  also.  I  had  the 
good  fortune  to  run  into  a  swarm  of  beautifully  fresh  speci- 


Vol.   XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 

mens  in  a  thicket  of  willow  near  Phoenix,  Arizona,  and  had 
no  difficulty  in  capturing  a  fine  series.  Their  flight  was  slow 
and  unconcerned — not  at  all  like  the  nervous  action  of  its 
white-barred  cousins.  Other  specimens  taken  on  the  open 
mesa  several  miles  from  the  river  were  not  so  fresh  and  evi- 
dently had  strayed  from  their  breeding  grounds.  The  flight  of 
these  was  so  like  strigosa  that  I  at  first  mistook  them  for  their 
models  and  allowed  a  number  of  them  to  escape. 

The  Batesian  Theory  as  applied  to  these  species. 

If  we  could  look  back  into  the  dim  past  ages,  we  might  first 
obtain  a  glimpse  of  North  America  with  the  white-barred 
Limenitis  in  evidence.  The  next  glimpse  might  show  a  change 
in  the  climate  about  the  Behring  Sea  which  enables  the  pro- 
genitor of  plexippus  to  find  its  way  across  from  Asia,  where 
the  Danaidas  are  very  much  in  evidence.  This  insect,  finding 
the  climate  and  food  of  the  fairly  cool  temperate  region  to  its 
taste,  increases  and  multiplies  to  its  present  magnificent 
form,  (i) 

Strigosa  may  have  drifted  across  at  the  same  period  as 
plexippus,  or  maybe  at  a  later  period.  It  is  remarkably  like 
certain  of  the  Asiatic  Danaidas,  and  probably  has  changed  but 
little.  It  found  its  way  down  the  Pacific  Coast  and  drifted 
eastward  over  the  hot,  dry  Southwest.  When  it  reached  the 
humid  region  of  the  Southeast  it  became  darker  and  richer  in 
color. 

What  happened  to  our  native  Limenitis  from  this  time  on? 
We  have  astyanax  and  various  forms  of  white-barred  Limeni- 
tis, the  prevailing  colors  of  which  are  blue  and  black.  We  have, 
also,  three  well-defined  species  entirely  different  in  general 
appearance  from  the  others  in  that  the  prevailing  color  is  rich 
brown.  Each  of  these  three  species  is  a  remarkably  close 
mimic  of  the  particular  species  of  Danaida  prevailing  in  its 
territory. 

Who  can  doubt  that  we  have  here  a  clear-cut  case  of  imi- 
tation by  selection?  We  cannot  reasonably  conceive  that  these 
are  all  accidental  cases  of  similarity.  One  such  instance  might 
be  imagined,  but  not  three. 


Ti8  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [March,   '13 

Why  this  has  happened  may  eventually  he  explained  to  the 
satisfaction  of  everyone.  Already  the  ground  work  on  which 
to  frame  an  answer  may  be  found  in  the  several  hundred  pages 
of  recorded  observations  made  in  Africa  and  the  East  Indies. 
(2)  (3).  These  seem  to  show  that  there  are  certain  qualities 
about  the  Acraeinae,  Danainae  and  others  which  make  them 
distasteful  to  Mantidae,  spiders,  lizards,  birds,  mongooses  and 
monkeys.  On  the  other  hand,  there  are  many  other  butterflies 
which  are  eagerly  eaten. 

It  is  not  easy  even  to  imagine  how  this  mimicry  has  been 
produced,  nor  through  what  ages  of  time  it  has  taken  place. 
We  have,  however,  recorded  observations  (2)  made  in  the 
field  covering  the  actual  hunting  and  capture  of  butterflies  by 
birds,  the  finding  of  quantities  of  butterfly  wings  in  birds'  nests 
and  on  the  ground  under  them;  pages  of  illustrations  (2)  (3), 
showing  butterflies  with  wings  damaged  in  such  a  manner  that 
they  could  have  been  torn  only  by  the  butterfly  wrenching  itself 
from  the  grasp  of  an  enemy.  Probably  every  field  collector 
can  recall  numerous  instances  of  this  same  occurrence.  I  found 
no  less  than  four  just  such  specimens  in  a  lot  of  seventy  taken 
during  my  last  day's  collecting  this  year  in  Arizona.  Incident- 
ally I  recall,  also,  a  large  green  mantis  sitting  in  the  top  of  a 
bush  with  a  strigosa  struggling  in  its  clutches.  I  should  have 
waited  to  ascertain  whether  it  found  its  prey  palatable,  but, 
unfortunately,  my  time  was  too  limited. 

It  has  been  claimed  by  Dr.  Skinner  (4)  that  almost  no  in- 
stances of  birds  capturing  butterflies  have  been  witnessed. 
The  only  place  where  a  casual  observer  would  notice  such  an 
occurrence  would  be  in  the  open,  where  a  bird  might  dash  at  a 
flying  butterfly.  But  there  must  be  countless  more  favorable 
opportunities  when  the  butterfly  is  sluggish  or  torpid  from 
cold,  or  when  it  has  just  emerged  from  the  chrysalis,  or  is  old 
and  feeble  with  worn-out  wings.  If  our  field  naturalists  make 
it  a  point  to  look  for  these  occurrences,  we  may  gradually  ob- 
tain a  lot  of  illuminating  data. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Club  of  Los  An- 
geles, following  the  reading  of  the  preliminary  notes  of  this 
article,  a  discussion  of  the  attacks  of  birds  upon  butterflies 


Vol.   xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  119 

proved  very  interesting.  Several  members  remembered  having 
seen  butterflies  pursued  and  caught  by  swallows,  sparrows  and 
kingbirds. 

Mr.  S.  J.  Keese  gave  a  very  pleasing  account  of  a  chrysalis 
which  he  watched  one  day  in  his  mill  up  in  the  mining  country. 
A  brown  butterfly  emerged,  expanded  to  maturity,  and  finally 
flew  out  of  the  window  only  to  be  snapped  up  on  the  wing  by 
a  small  flycatcher.  Finally  Mr.  F.  Grinnell,  Jr.,  called  atten- 
tion to  an  article  by  Harold  C.  Bryant  on  "The  Relation  of 
Birds  to  an  Insect  Outbreak  in  Northern  California  during 
the  Spring  and  Summer  of  1911"  (7).  In  many  ways  this  ar- 
ticle is  one  of  the  most  vitally  interesting  ever  written  when 
taken  in  connection  with  the  subject  of  birds  preying  on  but- 
terflies. Mr.  Bryant  is  a  trained  observer  and  writer,  and  was 
detailed  by  the  California  State  Board  of  Fish  and  Game  Com- 
missioners to  investigate  a  remarkable  plague  of  caterpillars 
followed  by  a  pest  of  butterflies  (V .  calif ornica}  in  the  north- 
ern counties  of  California,  in  1911.  His  account  is  so  inter- 
esting in  every  detail  that  it  is  difficult  to  refrain  from  quoting 
whole  pages  of  it. 

The  salient  features,  from  our  point  of  view,  are  as  follows : 
There  was  an  enormous  flight  of  medium-sized  butterflies.  Of 
the  forty-five  species  of  birds  forming  the  population  of  this 
district,  none  of  the  smaller  ones  attacked  the  butterflies.  Of 
the  larger  birds  only  four  species  preyed  on  them.  Large 
flocks  of  red-winged  blackbirds  (Agelains  phoeniceus,  subspe- 
cies) were  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  but  confined  themselves 
almost  entirely  to  vegetable  food.  But  there  was  one  species, 
Brewer's  Blackbird  (Euphagus  cyanocephalus) ,  which  wrought 
havoc.  Large  flocks  of  these  birds  followed  the  butterflies, 
attacking  them  as  they  sat  in  crowded  masses  about  the  moist 
places  in  the  roads  and  meadows.  At  the  rate  of  destruction 
which  he  personally  witnessed,  Mr.  Bryant  computed  that  it 
was  possible  for  each  bird  to  destroy  480  butterflies  each  day, 
and,  if  one-third  of  these  were  females,  the  number  of  eggs 
destroyed  might  number  336,000  in  a  month.  The  whole  ar- 
ticle furnishes  abundant  food  for  thought.  It  is  to  be  hoped 


120  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,    '13 

that  many  more  observations  of  a  like  nature  will  be  made  in 
the  near  future,  and  that  we  shall  finally  be  able  to  advance 
Bates'  Theory  to  the  dignity  of  a  law. 

It  may  be  found  that  in  our  present  day  and  generation 
arthemis  and  the  other  species  of  Limenitis  are  no  longer  used 
as  food.  This  may  not  have  been  so  in  a  past  age.  The  forma- 
tion of  the  Limenitis  mimics  may  have  taken  place  under  con- 
ditions quite  different  from  those  of  to-day.  We  may  easily 
imagine  that  the  progenitors  of  the  present-day  species  were 
of  one  general  form,  possibly  slow-flying  and  with  other  habits 
which  made  them  an  easy  prey  to  birds.  One  branch  may  have 
developed  protection  by  adopting  a  protective  coloration,  while 
the  other  found  protection  in  a  swift  flight,  quick,  alert  move- 
ments, and  the  adoption  of  wooded  areas  for  their  habitat. 
Argue  as  we  may,  the  fact  remains  that  the  mimics  exist  and, 
so  far,  no  reasonable  explanation  has  been  offered  except  that 
advanced  by  Darwin,  Wallace  and  their  followers — the  sur- 
vival of  the  fittest  by  natural  selection. 

In  closing  I  wish  to  express  my  very  great  appreciation  of 
Mr.  F.  Grinnell,  Jr.'s,  kindness  in  lending  me  all  of  the  publi- 
cations outlined  in  the  following  list  of  references : 

(1)  Transactions,   Entomological    Society   of   London.      1908.      Parts 
III  and  IV.     Mimetic  North  American  species  of  the  genus  Limenitis 
(s.  1.)  and  their  models.     By  Edward  B.  Poulton,  D.Se.,  M.A.,  LL.D., 
F.R.S.,  etc. 

(2)  Transactions,    Entomological    Society    of    London.      1902.      Part 
III.      Nov.      Five   Years'    Observations    and    Experiments    (1896-1901) 
on  the  Bionomics  of  South  African  Insects,  with  plates  of  illustrations. 
By  Guy  A.  K.  Marshall,  F.Z.S. 

(3)  Transactions,    Entomological    Society   of   London.      1908.      Parts 
III  and  IV.    Bionomic  Notes  on  Butterflies.    By  G.  B.  Longstaff,  M.A., 
M.D.,  F.E.S. 

(4)  Journal  of  the  Acad.  of   Nat.   Sci.   of  Philadelphia.     Vol.  XV. 
Second  Series,  March  21,  1912.    Mimicry  in  Boreal  American  Rhopalo- 
cera.     Henry  Skinner,  M.D.,  Sc.D. 

(5)  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America.     Vol.  II,  No. 
4,  Dec.,  1909.     Mimicry  in  the  Butterflies  of  North  America.     Prof.  E. 

B.  Poulton. 

(6)  Spolia    Zeylandica,    Ceylon,   Vol.    V,    Part   XVIII,    April,    1908. 
Mimicry  in  Insect  Life  as  Exemplified  by  Ceylon  Insects.     By  E.  E. 
Green,  F.E.S. 

(7)  The  Condor,   a  Magazine  of  Western   Ornithology,  Vol.   XIII, 
No.  6,  Nov.-Dec.,  1911.     The  relation  of  birds  to  an  insect  outbreak  in 
Northern  California  during  the  spring  and  summer  of  1911.    By  Harold 

C.  Bryant. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  !2I 

Notes  on  Chilopoda  from  the  Galapagos  Islands. 

By  RALPH  Y.  CHAMBERLIN,  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology, 

Cambridge,  Mass. 

A  study  of  a  small  collection  of  Chilopods  from  the  Gala- 
pagos Islands  has  revealed  five  species,  of  which  one,  Scolo- 
pcndra  galapagocnsis,  has  been  previously  reported.  Of  these 
five  species,  the  three  geophiloids  are  well-known  forms  occur- 
ring widespread  in  the  warm  regions  of  both  hemispheres, 
while  the  two  scolopendroids,  so  far  as  now  known,  appear  to 
be  strictly  indigenous.  The  Cryptops  is  here  described  for 
the  first  time. 

Whether  the  geophiloids  mentioned  may  have  been  intro- 
duced in  recent  times  upon  ships  it  is  difficult  to  say;  but  it 
seems  certainly  entirely  possible  for  them  to  have  reached  the 
islands  through  other  agencies  than  that  of  man.  The  resist- 
ence  of  geophiloids  to  submersion  in  both  fresh  and  salt 
water  is  strikingly  greater  than  that  of  at  least  some  scolopen- 
drids,  this  being  true  not  only  of  the  so-called  marine  forms 
living  normally  between  tide-marks,  such  as  Hydroschcnd\la, 
<md  of  those  of  littoral  habit,  such  as  Pectiniungids  arnericamis, 
but  also  of  those  of  essentially  terrestrial  habit.  This  superior 
resistence  of  geophiloids  has  been  experimentally  demonstrated 
by  Plateau*  who  found  that,  while  Cryptops  punctatus  had  but 
feeble  resistence  to  submersion  in  sea  water,  being  dead  after 
a  very  few  hours,  Gcophihis  longicornis  might,  under  favorable 
temperature  conditions,  survive  complete  submersion  after  re- 
moval of  every  trace  of  adhering  air  bubbles  for  from  12  to 
72  hours ;  and,  similarly,  that  while  Cryptops  might  withstand 
a  submersion  in  fresh  water  of  6  hours,  Geophilns  longicornis 
and  G.  sodalis  might  be  alive  after  from  6  to  15  days.  It  is 
reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  resistence  of  forms  habituated 
to  the  littoral  life  and  to  consequent  frequent  submersions 
would  be  found  to  be  materially  greater  than  that  of  these  ter- 
restrial species,  and  that,  were  the  submersion  not  continuous 

*  Plateau,  Les  Myr.  marins  et  la  Resistance  des  Arthropodes  a  respira- 
tion aerienne  a  la  submersion.  Journal  de  1'Anat.  et  de  la  Physiologic, 
Paris,  1890,  26,  pp.  236-269. 


122  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,    '13 

but  intermittent,  as  would  be  the  case  were  the  specimens 
afloat  upon  drift,  these  might  remain  alive  for  very  prolonged 
periods. 

GEOPHILOIDEA. 

FAMILY  SCHENDYLIDAE. 
Pectiniunguis  americanus  Bollman. 

One  female  from  Albemarle  Island  with  61  pairs  of  legs. 
The  occurrence  of  this  species  on  the  Galapagos  Islands  is 
not  surprising,  because  of  its  littoral  habits  and  prevalence 
about  the  Mexican  coasts  under  piles  of  driftwood,  etc.,  upon 
which  it  might  easily  be  carried  long  distances  by  ocean,  cur- 
rents. 

FAMILY  MECISTOCEPHALIDAE. 
Mecistocephalus  punctifrons  Newport. 
Two  specimens  from  Clipperton  Island. 
This  is  a  very  widespread  species  occurring  upon  the  Ma- 
deiras, the  Bermudas,  the  West  Indies,  in  Central  and  South 
America,  as  well  as  in  India  and  the  East  Indies,  etc.     It  has 
been  recorded  in  part  as  M.  guildingi  Newport. 

FAMILY  ORYIDAE. 
Orphnaeus  bilabiatus    (Newport). 

One  female  from  Hood's  Island  agreeing  in  all  essentials 
with  Central  and  South  American  specimens.  A  very  common 
geophiloid  in  tropical  America,  as  well  as  in  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  Japan  and  the  East  Indies.  It  has  also  been  recorded 
as  0.  lineatus  (Newport),  0.  brasilianus  (H.  &  S.)  and  O. 
brasiliensis  Meinert. 

SCOLOPENDROIDEA. 

FAMILY  SCOLOPENDRIDAE. 

Scolopendra  galapagoensis.   Bollman. 

Specimens  from  Hood,  Chatham,  Bindloe,  Narborough  and 
Albemarle  Islands. 

The  dorsal  spines  at  the  distal  end  of  the  prefemur  of  the 
twentieth  legs  vary  from  5  to  9  in  number,  those  on  the  im- 
mediately preceding  pairs  from  5  to  6,  while  on  the  anterior 
pairs  the  number  is  nearly  always  4. 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  123 

FAMILY  CRYPTOPIDAE. 
Cryptops   navigans   sp.    nov. 

Color  yellow  or  yellow  of  dilute  ferruginous  cast. 

Head  widest  near  middle,  from  where  the  sides,  which  are  convex, 
converge  strongly  caudad,  more  abruptly  so  toward  corners,  and  also 
cephalad;  the  anterior  margin  convexly  rounded,  a  little  indented  at 
middle;  caudal  margin  straight.  Sulci  not  evident.  Hairs  of  moderate 
length,  sparse. 

First  dorsal  plate  with  a  distinct,  transverse  cervical  sulcus  well  re- 
moved from  the  margin  of  head.  The  sulcus  is  angularly  bent  back 
toward  the  middle,  though  narrowly  rounded  at  median  line.  There 
are  no  paired  longitudinal  sulci,  but  there  is  a  median  longitudinal  fur- 
row as  on  subsequent  plates. 

No  paired  sulci  evident  on  second  plate,  but  these  are  traceable  on  the 
third  and  become  more  distinct  caudad.  Last  plate  apparently  without 
a  median  sulcus. 

Prosternum  not  manifestly  punctate;  without  furrows.  Anterior 
margin  convex,  slightly  indented  at  middle  line ;  bearing  no  bristles, 
but  a  pair  of  these  borne  one  each  side  of  median  line  a  little  distance 
caudad  of  the  margin.  Bristles  of  general  surface  sparse. 

Ventral  plates  not  manifestly  punctate  in  the  types.  Last  ventral 
plate  with  sides  convex,  more  strongly  rounding  toward  and  about  the 
caudal  corners ;  caudal  margin  widely  weakly  convex  or  substraight 
across  the  median  portion. 

Coxopleurae  ectocaudally  subtruncate,  the  inner  portion  of  caudal 
margin  extending  obliquely  mesocephalad  to  inner  edge.  Bearing  along 
caudal  edge  several  spines  and  toward  mesal  border  two  or  three  long 
stout  spinescent  bristles. 

Spiracles  of  medium  size ;  circular. 

Tarsi  of  anterior  legs  uniarticulate,  or  not  movably  articulate.  X<>t 
armed  with  spines.  Hairs  sparse. 

Prefemur  of  anal  legs  with  numerous  spines  over  surface,  a  longi- 
tudinal smooth  area  on  mesal  surface.  Femur  similarly  armed,  but 
with  spines  fewer  on  and  toward  dorsal  surface,  where  they  are  re- 
placed by  simple  hairs;  also  bearing  on  ventral  surface  toward  distal 
end  a  single  acute  tooth.  Tibia  bearing  on  mesal  side  three  spines  and 
<m  ventral  surface  a  longitudinal  series  of  four  teeth,  which  increase  in 
size  distad;  otherwise  bearing  simple  hairs.  First  tarsal  joint  bearing 
ventrally  two  teeth,  of  which  the  more  distal  is  much  the  larger,  other 
wise  clothed  with  simple  hairs.  Second  tarsal  joint  bearing  only  hairs. 

Length,  ii  mm. 

Locality. — Clipperton  Island.    Two  specimens. 


124 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS. 


[March.   '13 


Noteworthy  Variations   in    the   Elytral    Tracheation 
of  Cicindela  (Coleop.). 

By  VICTOR  E.  SHELFORD,  Chicago,  111. 
The  elytral  tracheation  of  the  Cicindela  has  been  observed 

*> 

by  the  writer  in  about  one  hundred  species.  The  elytra  of  the 
newly  emerged  imagoes  of  ten  North  American  species  have 
been  studied  in  some  detail.  Nearly  all  the  common  North 
American  species  and  about  fifty  exotic  species  have  been 
studied  in  less  detail  by  mounting  dried  elytra  in  hot  Canada 
balsam  containing  little  or  none  of  the  usual  solvents.  The 
main  tracheal  trunks  and  some  of  the  branches  remain  clear- 
ly visible  in  such  mounts  for  several  hours. 


5 


7 


8 


10 


Fig.  i. — Typical  arrangement  of  the  main  elytral  trunks. 
'     2. — Variation  of  rare  occurence  in  C.  Innbalis  Klg. 

'  3,  4,  5  and  6.— Tracheation  of  Cicindela  pitnctulata  Oliv.,  showing  posterior  bend- 
ings  and  branching  of  the  radius,  the  substitution  of  cross  for  longitudinal 
tracheae,  and  (in  4)  a  posterior  branching  of  the  subcosta. 

T.—C.  princeps  var.  ducalis  Horn  (India)  ;  8. — C.  limbalis  Klg.  ;  9.— C.  campestris 
Linn.  (Europe);  10. — C.  silvicola  Dej.  (Europe). 


Vol.   xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  125 

In  terms  of  the  system  of  classification  proposed  by  Corn- 
stock  and  Needham*,  the  usual  tracheae  present  (Fig.  i)  are 
the  costa  (c)  which  branches  near  its  distal  end  and  subcosta 
(s)  which  lies  close  to  the  costa  on  the  outer  edge  of  elytron; 
the  radius  (r),  and  media  (m)  which  lie  in  the  median  por- 
tion of  the  elytron;  the  cubitus  (cu)  which  lies  along  the  su- 
ture and  (a)  the  anal  rudiment  which  lies  next  to  the  scutel- 
lum. 

Deviations  from  the  type  shown  in  figure  i  are  not  numerous, 
though  in  occasional  individuals  a  number  of  large  cross 
tracheae  takes  the  place  of  the  posterior  portions  of  the  radius 
and  media  as  shown  in  figures  2,  3,  4,  and  5.  One  of  the  main 
trunks  occasionally  crosses  over  to  the  region  of  the  next  nearer 
the  suture  (posteriorly).  Branchings  in  this  direction  are  com- 
monest in  other  orders.  This  is  shown  in  figures  4,  5,  8.  9,  and 
10.  Bendings  toward  the  outer  margin  of  the  elytron  are  rare ; 
figure  2  (C.  pur  pur  ea  limb  alls  Klg.)  shows  the  only  one  noted. 

Comstock  and  Needham,  Part  II,  page  85,  state  that  the 
main  stem  of  the  radius,  the  most  prominent  vein  of  the  wing, 
usually  separates  into  two  main  branches.  In  the  Cicindelid 
elytra,  the  radius  is  most  variable.  Branching  in  the  middle 
third  of  the  elytron  is  evidently  common  (Figs.  7,  8,  9,  and  10.). 
The  commonest  type  is  shown  in  figure  7.  About  five  per  cent, 
of  the  elytra  of  C.  punctulata  Oliv.  show  such  variations.  It 
has  been  found  in  C.  princeps  var.  ducalis  Horn  (India)  (fig. 
7;  C.  silvicola  Dej.  (Europe)  (fig.  TO)  ;  C.  campestris  (Eu- 
rope) (fig.  9)  ;  C.  tcnuipes  Dej.  (India)  ;  C.  pamphilia  Lee., 
and  C.  dorsalis  Say,  as  well  as  several  other  species  of  Cicin- 
dela  noted  before  definite  records  were  kept. 

If  the  third  elytra!  trachea  is  rightly  homologized  with 
the  third  of  the  wings  of  other  orders,  its  tendency  to  branch 
seems  quite  remarkable  in  view  of  the  specialized  conditions 
of  the  wings  concerned.  Presumably  this  represents  a  rever- 
sion to  some  ancestral  type.  It  is  likewise  of  considerable  in- 
terest to  note  the  possibility  of  studying  the  physiological  causes 
of  such  divisions  and  of  other  variations  in  connection  with 
the  development  of  the  wings. 

*  American  Naturalist,  1899,  pp.  43,  81,  231,  335,  413,  561,  769,  903. 


126  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,     '13 

Notes  on  Tomoxta  bidentata  Say  and  lineella  Lee. 

(Coleop.). 

By  C.  A.  FROST,  Framingham,  Mass. 

In  the  Coleoptera  of  Indiana,  page  1311,  the  statement  is 
made  that  Tomo.via  lineella  "is  now  recognized  as  the  male  of 
bidentata."  Mr.  Blatchley  informs  me  that  this  statement  is 
founded,  in  part  at  least,  on  a  note  by  Mr.  Linell  in  Entomo- 
logica  Americana,  Vol.  Ill,  page  171,  and  a  letter  from  the 
late  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith,  in  which  he  expresses  this  belief. 

Mr.  Linell's  note  records  the  fact  that  he  took  a  series  of 
bidentata  on  a  certain  log  and  the  next  year  a  series  of  lineella 
on  the  same  log,  but  does  not  explain  just  how  this  indicates 
specific  identity.  He  also  mentions  the  shape  of  the  palpi 
in  lineella  as  suggesting  the  male. 

The  suppression  of  a  species  on  such  evidence  is  entirely 
unwarranted,  to  say  the  least,  and  I  offer  the  following  notes 
to  show  that  lineella  differs  not  only  specifically  but  also  in 
one  important  character  that  has  been  used,  with  others,  to 
separate  allied  genera.  (Synop.  Mordellidae  of  U.  S.  by  John 
L,  LeConte,  M.D.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Phil.,  1862,  p.  43.) 

I  refer  to  the  fact,  which  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  in 
print,  that  the  eyes  in  lineella  extend  to  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  head.  I  have  examined  about  ten  specimens,  including 
the  type  of  this  species  and  also  the  type  of  inclusa  which 
agrees  with  lineella  in  this  character. 

In  addition  to  this  generic  character  it  will  be  seen  that,  in 
lineella,  the  anal  style  is  longer  and  more  slender,  the  apices 
of  the  elytra  are  separately  rounded  and  with  a  distinct  mar- 
gin, and  that  the  sutural  angles  are  not  mucronate. 

In  bidentata  the  elytral  apices  are  obliquely  truncate  with- 
out distinct  margin,  and  with  the  sutural  angles  prolonged  in 
a  short  spine.  The  posterior  margin  of  the  eye  is  separated 
from  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head  by  a  relatively  broad 
pubescent  area,  which  is  interrupted  near  the  upper  part  of 
the  eye  by  a  triangular,  glabrous  area  having  the  upper  side 
limited  by  a  slight  arcuate  ridge  and  having  the  posterior  apex 
of  the  triangle  extending  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head. 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  I  2J 

This  area,  which  is  not  due  to  denudation,  is  somewhat  vari- 
able and  in  some  females  borders  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
head  for  at  least  a  millimeter.  There  are  many  other  less  ob- 
vious differences,  but  the  above  characters  will  be  sufficient  to 
separate  the  two  species  at  once. 

It  may  be  mentioned  here  that,  while  the  figure  of  Hncclla 
given  on  Plate  I,  fig.  28,  Synop.  of  the  Mordellidae  by  John 
B.  Smith  in  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  X,  1882,  is  a  correct 
representation  of  the  first  specimen  in  the  LeConte  Cabinet, 
all  the1  others  in  the  type  series,  and  all  the  specimens  I  have 
seen,  have  the  outer  rows  of  pubescence  nearly  obliterated  ex- 
cept at  a  point  slightly  behind  the  middle,  where  they  form  a 
quadrate  spot  that  becomes  the  most  distinctive  feature  of  the 
ornamentation. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  F.  W.  Dodge,  of  Melrose, 
Mass.,  I  have  been  able  to  examine  nearly  one  hundred  adults 
of  T.  bidentata  and  also  the  larvae  and  the  pupae. 

The  males  of  this  species  can  readily  be  separated  by  the 
more  pronounced  arcuation  of  the  front  tibia,  the  inner  face 
of  which  is  set  with  erect  hairs ;  these  become  distinctly  seta- 
ceous near  the  apex,  which  is  noticeably  enlarged  when  viewed 
from  in  front.  The  lower  edge  of  the  front  femora,  in  the 
males,  is  fringed  with  long  cinereous  hairs  and  the  maxillary 
palpi  are  also  clothed  with  longer  pubescence.  All  these  male 
characters,  except  the  enlarged  distal  end  of  the  front  tibiae, 
hold  good  in  my  limited  series  of  lineella.  There  are  other 
slight  differences  in  the  shape  of  the  tip  of  the  anal  style,  last 
joint  of  the  palpi,  and  the  joints  of  the  antennae. 

Larval  characters. — One  of  the  larvae  given  me  shows  signs  of  hav- 
ing been  near  pupation  when  placed  in  the  alcohol.  The  other  is  yel- 
lowish white,  cylindrical,  slightly  arcuately  bent,  and  measures  19  milli- 
meters from  the  mandibles  to  the  tip  of  the  anal  process.  The  head, 
which  is  narrower  than  and  retracted  into  the  first  thoracic  segment, 
is  sparsely  covered  with  slightly  darker  granulations,  each  bearing  a 
yellowish  hair.  The  mandibles  are  nearly  black  at  the  tips,  becoming 
light  brown  toward  the  bases.  The  front  has  a  slight  median  sulcus 
from  above  the  clypcal  area  to  the  occiput.  With  my  limited  optical 
instruments,  the  antennae  appear  to  be  four-jointed,  proceeding  from 
a  large  fleshy  tubercle;  the  first  joint  is  short,  slightlv  smaller  than  the 


128  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,    '13 

basal  tubercle;  the  second  is  slightly  longer,  much  narrower,  the  base 
brownish;  the  third  is  still  narrower,  brownish,  and  longer  than  the 
second;  what  I  have  called  the  fourth  joint  seems  to  be  two  minute 
yellowish  processes. 

The  first  thoracic  segment  has  a  darker,  transverse,  dorsal  line  with 
the  ends  near  the  front  margin  on  each  side  and  extending  arcuately 
backward  and  terminating  in  two  flat,  irregular  elevations  on  each  side 
of  the  middle  near  the  posterior  margin  of  the  segment.  On  the  ven- 
tral side  of  the  segment,  between  the  legs,  there  is  an  area  covered 
with  stronger  granulations  and  coarser  hairs.  In  front  of  the  legs  there 
is  a  fleshy  fold  that  has  the  appearance  of  a  separate  segment  as  the 
limiting  ruga  extends  completely  across  the  under  side. 

The  legs  are  short  conical  processes,  with  vague  joints,  projecting 
from  large  udder-like  tubercles. 

The  sutures  between  the  thoracic  segments  are  deep,  and  the  second 
and  third  segments  are  obliquely  wrinkled  at  the  sides  and  again  on  the 
disk ;  the  two  latter  rugae  form  an  anterior  dorsal  lobe.  The  anterior 
stigmata  are  plainly  visible  between  the  first  and  second  segments. 

All  the  abdominal  segments  are  sparsely  covered  with  hairs,  which 
are  more  evident  on  the  under  side,  projecting  from  distinct  granula- 
tions of  a  darker  color.  These  granulations  become  darker  brown  and 
more  pronounced  on  a  small  median  area  of  the  ventral  portion  of  the 
eighth  and  ninth  abdominal  segments.  Dorsally  and  laterally  the  ninth 
(anal)  segment  is  covered  with  strong,  dark  brown  asperities,  each 
bearing  the  usual  hair,  and  increasing  in  length  toward  the  apex  which 
is  tipped  with  a  horny  projection  that  suggests  the  cremaster  of  certain 
lepidopterous  pupae.  This  appears  to  be  built  out  by  extreme  elonga- 
tions of  these  asperities  and  is  triangulately  emarginate  at  the  apex. 
This  dark  brown  projection  is  more  than  half  a  millimeter  in  length. 

Pupa.— The  pupa  is  straight  and  measures  from  12  to  14  millimeters 
in  the  series  before  me.  The  head  is  sparsely  set  with  projecting 
granulations  or  asperities.  On  the  prothorax  they  are  less  numerous 
except  at  the  posterior  angles.  The  wings  are  set  with  rows  of  these 
elongated  granulations  placed  on  distinct  and  parallel  costae.  The  ab- 
dominal segments  have  irregular  patches  of  these  granulations,  two 
dorsal,  two  smaller  sub-dorsal,  two  larger  lateral,  and  below  the  last 
an  irregular  row  which  is  broadly  interrupted  at  the  ventral  center  of 
the  segments.  The  anal  style  is  also  sparsely  set  with  asperities.  The 
tip  of  the  abdomen  has  two  divergent  fleshy  tubercles. 

Occurrence  and  liabits. — The  following  records  of  capture 
are  at  hand:  Several  Indent  at  a  were  taken  on  a  dead  elm  at 
Medford,  Mass.,  June  30  and  July  15,  1903.  Nine  bidcntata 
were  taken  on  a  dead  beech  at  Monmouth,  Maine,  June  29, 
1912.  On  this  tree  I  saw  a  pair  in  copula.  Six  lineella  were 


Vol.   XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [2Q 

taken  on  a  dead  (beech?)  tree  at  Monmouth,  June  27,  1906. 
This  tree  was  within  a  few  hundred  feet  of  the  tree  previously 
mentioned.  One  lineella  was  taken  on  a  pile  of  slabs  at  Mon- 
mouth, June  22,  1910. 

It  has  been  my  experience  that  both  species  are  very  wary 
and  hard  to  capture.  I  have  waited  an  hour  for  them  to  return 
to  the  tree  from  which  they  had  been  driven. 

From  a  paper  which  Mr.  Dodge  has  very  generously  placed 
in  my  hands,  I  quote  the  following  notes  on  T.  bidentata: 
"Most  of  the  captures  were  made  on  the  trunks  of  several 
dead  oak  trees  and  they  could  not  be  found  on  other  trees  nor 
on  oaks  with  any  appearance  of  life.  They  are  very  quick  to 
take  wing  but  rarely  go  more  than  a  few  feet,  in  fact  they 
seem,  reluctant  to  leave  the  particular  tree  on  which  they  are 
found. 

On  the  3Oth  of  June  it  was  discovered  that  they  were  emerg- 
ing from  the  fungus-covered  stump  of  a  decayed  oak.  With 
the  help  of  a  hatchet  and  knife,  larvae,  pupae,  adults,  and  a 
probable  hymenopterous  parasite  were  uncovered.  The  larvae 
appear  to  pass  most  of  their  life  in  the  more  solid,  central  part 
of  the  stump,  but  when  they  are  ready  to  pupate  they  work 
their  way  into  the  more  decayed  outer  wood  and  there  exca- 
vate a  pupal  chamber  which  they  line  with  a  soft  whitish  sub- 
stance. These  pupal  chambers  were  frequently  found  from 
four  to  six  inches  from  the  surface,  but  on  account  of  the  soft 
condition  of  the  wood  the  adults  probably  had  no  difficulty  in 
reaching  the  outer  air." 

Mr.  C.  T.  Brues  has  determined  the  supposed  parasite  as 
Arotes  amoemis  Cresson. 


The  Vote  on  Priority  in  Nomenclature. 

Since  our  last  announcement  on  this  subject  (ExT.  NEWS,  Novem- 
ber, 1912,  page  423),  a  "better  late  than  never"  vote  "that  the  law  of 
priority  should  be  strictly  applied  in  all  cases,"  has  been  received  from 
Mr.  J.  R.  de  la  Torre  Bueno.  The  total  vote  taken  by  the  NEWS  now 
stands  99  for  strict  priority  and  197  against.  Science,  in  its  issue  of 
December  13,  1912,  reported  the  vote  of  the  Central  Branch  of  the 
American  Society  of  Zoologists  as  13  in  favor  of  strict  priority  and  35 
against,  followed  by  an  elaborate  analysis  of  the  vote. 


130  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,    '13 

A  New  Form  of  Hemileuca  burnsi  (Saturn.,  Lep.)« 

J.  HENRY  WATSON,  Withington,  Manchester,  England. 

H.  burnsi  ab.  paradoxa  n.  ab. 

Abdomen  less  black  than  typical  burnsi,  with  the  first  two  segments 
above  heavily  sprinkled  with  reddish  hairs.  (Other  females  of 
burnsi  also  have  these  reddish  hairs  in  a  less  degree.)  Ground  color  of 
al!  wings  very  pale  buff,  not  white.  The  apex  dark  lilac-brown  in  color, 
more  heavily  marked.  The  costal  margin  lightened  between  the  two 
black  bands  by  having  long  white  hairs  interspersed;  the  outer  margin 
beyond  the  sub-marginal  stripe  darkened  with  the  same  scales  as  apex. 

Hind  wings  similarly  (though  less  heavily)  marked  beyond  the  black 
marginal  line.  Fringes  of  wings  color  of  apex  and  showing  as  a  dark 
line.  (I  have  a  female  of  typical  burnsi  which  has  the  margins  of 
wings  black  and  fringes  white). 

Wings  below  similar  but  more  heavily  marked  than  above;  the  whole 
of  hind  wings  being  this  lilac-brown  color,  which  resembles  almost  the 
shade  of  heavily-marked  specimens  of  male  Euleucopheas  oliviae 
(Ckll.),  which,  however,  have  always  noticeably  pale  fringes. 

Type. — One  female  emerged  from  a  two-year  pupa,  Sept. 
27,  1912.  Taken  at  Reno,  Nevada.  In  coll.  J.  Henry  Watson. 

What  can  be  the  reason  of  such  a  variation  I  do  not  know, 
unless  it  may  show  the  affinity  to  Euleucopheas  oliviae  and 
tricolor,  but  from  which  H.  burnsi  and  neumoegeni  (Edw.) 
may  be  at  once  separated  by  the  shorter  antennae  of  the  male. 

Since  this  specimen  emerged,  I  at  once  examined  my  series 
of  burnsi,  which  is  a  fairly  long  one;  and  I  find  one  or  two 
specimens  have  just  a  few  scattered  scales  of  this  color  on  the 
upper  surface,  near  the  post-discal  black  line,  and  with  the 
under  surface  darkened  chiefly  on  veins  with  these  smoky 
lilac  scales,  all  being  females. 


Photographs  of  Entomologists  desired. 

The  Entomological  Section  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  desires  for  its  entomological  album  the  photograph  of  every 
entomological  student.  The  collection  contains  over  300  at  this  date. 
A  list  was  published  in  the  NEWS  1902,  pages  45-47.  of  those  in  the 
album  at  that  time.  We  hope  that  those  who  can  do  so  will  write  their 
names  and  date  of  birth  on  the  back  of  each  photo,  along  with  any 
other  information  concerning  themselves  they  may  wish  to  impart. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 

[The  Conductors  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  solicit  and  will  thank- 
fully receive  Items  of  news  likely  to  interest  its  readers  from  any  source. 
The  author's  name  will  be  given  in  each  case,  for  the  information  of 
cataloguers  and  bibliographers.] 


TO  CONTRIBUTORS. — All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience,  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  has  reached 
a  circulation,  both  in  numbers  and  circumference,  as  to  make  it  neces- 
sary to  put  "copy"  into  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  each  number,  four 
weeks  before  date  of  issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
or  important  matter  for  a  certain  issue.  Twenty-five  "extras,"  without 
change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free,  when  they  are 
wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired,  this  should  be  stated 
on  the  MS.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowledged.  Proof  will 
be  sent  to  authors  for  correction  only  when  specially  requested. — -Ed. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  MARCH,    1913. 

An  eminent  zoologist  wrote,  many  years  ago : 

The  anatomical  error  in  reference  to  the  auricles  of  Reptiles  and 
Batrachians  on  the  part  of  Linnaeus  fcor  uniloculare,  uniaurituml  is 
extremely  interesting,  since  it  shows  to  what  an  extent  the  most  patent 
facts  may  escape  the  observation  of  even  the  greatest  observers,  and 
what  an  amount  of  repeated  dissection  and  unprejudiced  attention  has 
been  necessary  before  the  structure  of  the  commonest  animals  has  be- 
come known 

Tt  is  astonishing  how  many  good  observers  it  requires  to  dissect  and 
draw  and  record  over  and  over  again  the  structure  of  an  animal  be- 
fore an  approximately  correct  account  of  it  is  obtained.* 

If  these  remarks  be  true  concerning  the  acquisition  of  ana- 
tomical truth,  how  much  more  strongly  must  similar  reflections 
apply  to  the  ascertainment  of  physiological  fact.  The  honey 
or  hive  bee,  through  its  partial  domestication  by  man,  must 
surely  be  reckoned  among  the  commonest  insects ;  its  structure 
and  its  habits  have  been  repeatedly  described  by  observers  in 
different  countries.  Yet,  according  to  the  recent  publications 
of  Dr.  D.  B.  Casteel,f  the  conceptions  hitherto  prevailing  as 

*  E.  R.  Lankester,  art.  Zoology,  Encyc.  Brit.,  gth  edit.,  Vol.  XXIV.  p. 
806.  1888. 

fThe  Manipulation  of  the  Wax  Scales  of  the  Honey  Bee.  By  D.  B. 
Casteel,  Ph.D.  Circular  No.  161,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept. 
of  Agriculture.  Issued  October  4,  1912. 

The  Behavior  of  the  Honey  Bee  in  Pollen  Collecting.  By  D.  B. 
Casteel,  Ph.D.  Bulletin  No.  121  of  the  same.  Issued  December  31, 
1912. 

13* 


I32  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [March,   '13 

to  the  manner  in  which  the  pollen-baskets  of  the  workers  are 
loaded,  the  structures  concerned,  and  the  supposed  use  of  the 
"wax-shears"  are  largely  false.  The  marvelous  modifications 
of  the  worker's  legs,  apparently  so  well  adapted  to  her  various 
functions,  remain  as  marvelous  as  before,  but  they  are  em- 
ployed in  quite  other  ways  than  those  in  which  they  have  been 
believed  to  act. 

If  such  a  revolution  in  the  interpretation  of  the  functions  of 
an  insect  so  well  known  as  the  hive  bee  can  take  place  in  this 
day  and  generation,  how  many  other  supposed  facts  may  be 
overturned  as  the  commoner  insects  are  more  and  more  inten- 
sively studied.  This  concrete  case  of  the  honey  bee,  as  exem- 
plified by  Dr.  Casteel's  results,  ought  surely  to  be  a  warning  to 
those  who  hold  that,  because  one  investigator  is  engaged  on  a 
certain  piece  of  research,  it  is  useless  and  a  waste  of  time  foi 
another  student  to  devote  his  time  and  energies  to  the  same 
subject. 

Notes    and    Nev^s. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   GLEANINGS   PROM   ALL   QUARTERS 
OF    THE    GLOBE. 

The   Harlequin  Cabbage   Bug  in  Iowa.    (Hemip.). 

Being  unable  to  find  a  record  of  the  occurrence  of  Murgantva  histri- 
cnica  Hahn,  in  Iowa,  the  following  note  may  be  of  interest. 

In  October,  1911,  a  male  and  a  nymph  of  this  species,  the  latter  about 
half  grown,  were  found  along  a  small  creek  near  Iowa  City  by  O.  W. 
Rosewall.  There  were  several  truck  patches  in  the  vicinity,  in  some  of 
which  cabbage  and  other  cruci ferae  were  grown,  but  no  damage  from 
these  bugs  has  yet  been  reported  in  this  locality. 

Chittenden  (Circular  No.  103,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Bureau  of  Entomology)  says:  "This  species  has  obviously  become  dif- 
fused from  a  central  point  of  dispersal,  Mexico,  chiefly  in  the  follow- 
ing three  directions:  (i)  From  Texas  eastward  through  the  Gulf 
States  and  northward  along  the  Atlantic  seaboard  to  Long  Island; 
(2)  from  Texas  northward  through  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  thence 
through  the  Ohio  River  region  into  Ohio;  (3)  from  Mexico  into  the 
neighboring  States  and  Territories,  and  from  Lower  California  into 
Southern  California  and  Nevada." 

This  is,  I  believe,  the  first  Iowa  record  of  the  pest  and  shows  that, 
although  it  is  not  common  here,  the  range  is  gradually  being  extended 
through  the  Mississippi  Valley. — DAYTON  STONER,  State  University  of 
Iowa. 


Vol.   xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  133 

United   States   Civil-Service   Examination   for   Scientific   Assistant. 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

The  United  States  Civil  Service  Commission  invites  attention  to 
the  regular  spring  examinations  for  scientific  assistant.  Department  of 
Agriculture,  to  be  held  April  9  and  10,  1913,  at  the  principal  cities  of 
the  States.  Entomology  is  among  the  subjects  given,  and  persons 
desiring  to  be  examined  should  apply  to  the  United  States  Civil  Service 
Commission,  Washington,  D.  C.,  or  to  the  secretary  of  the  board  of 
examiners1  at  the  places  of  examination,  for  application  and  examina- 
tion form  1312,  using  the'  exact  title  as  given  at  the  head  of  this  an- 
nouncement in  making  application.  Application  should  be  made  in 
ample  time  as  soon  as  possible  before  the  date  of  examination. 

The    Adams    Collection    of    Lepidoptera. 

This  exceedingly  rich  and  very  extensive  collection  [of  Exotic  and 
Palaearctic  Lepidoptera,  formed  by  the  late  Herbert  Jordan  Adams 
(i838-March  i,  1912),  of  Roseneath,  E'nfield,  England,  said  to  be  par- 
ticularly rich  in  Ornithoptera  and  other  fine  Rhopalocera]  is  now  in- 
stalled in  the  Natural  History  Museum  at  South  Kensington.  It  is 
contained  in  sixty-eight  cabinets  and  numerous  store-boxes.  The  num- 
ber of  specimens  probably  totals  something  like  150,000,  among  which 
are  hundreds  of  types — The  Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine, 
Oct.,  and  The  Entomologist,  Dec.,  1912. 

Two   New   Generic    Names  in   Muscoidea    (Dip.) 
I  am  indebted  to  Professor  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  for  advising  me  that 
the  generic  names  Oestropsis  and  Protogon'ta,  used  by  me  in  my  recently 
published  paper,  entitled  "New  Genera  and  Species  of  Muscoid  Flies 
from  the  Andean  and  Pacific  Coast  Regions  of  South  America"  (U.  S. 
N.  M.,   1912),  are  preoccupied.     I  hereby  propose  Euoestropsis  n.  n. 
for  the  former,  and  Protogoniops  n.  n.  for  the  latter.     The  synonymy 
will  stand  as  follows : 
EUOESTROPSIS  Townsend,  1913. 

Syn.    Oestropsis   Towns.,    1912    (non    Brauer,    1868;    non    Smith, 

1868). 
PROTOGONIOPS  Townsend,  1913. 

Syn.  Protogonia  Towns.,  1912  (non  Cope,  1881). — CHARLES  H.  T. 
TOWNSEND. 

Bromeliadicolous    Insects. 

The  insect  fauna  of  epiphytic  bromeliads,  which  in  this  country  has 
been  discussed  by  Knab,  Alexander,  Malloch,  Calvert  and  others,  has 
been  receiving  attention  recently  in  Europe.  Seiior  C.  Picado,  of  Costa 
Rica,  now  in  Paris,  in  the  Comptes  Reiidus  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences 


134  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [March,   '13 

for  1911  (tome  cliii),has  compared  the  water-containing  epiphytic  bro- 
meliads  to  a  great  fragmented  swamp  or  marsh  extending  throughout 
intertropical  America  and  discusses  their  biological  characteristics  in  gen- 
eral. Mr.  Hugh  Scott,  curator  in  Entomology  in  the  University  of 
Cambridge,  has  given  an  account,  in  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Na- 
tural History  for  October,  1912,  of  bromeliadicolous  insects  of  the  isl- 
ands of  Trinidad  and  Dominica,  which  he  collected  in  March,  1912. 
Mr.  G.  C.  Champion,  of  the  Biologia,  has  re-examined  some  of  the 
bromeliadicolous  Coleoptera  of  Costa  Rica  collected  by  Calvert  and 
studied  material  received  from  Sefior  Picado,  finding  that  12  families 
are  represented  by  those  hitherto  and  now  recorded  (Entoni.  Mo.  Mag.. 
January,  1913).  Additional  Orthoptera  (a  Blattid  described  by  Shel- 
ford  in  Mr.  Scott's  paper)  and  Hemiptera  (a  Microvelia,  by  Distant  in 
the  same,  and  a  Lygaeid  by  Mr.  Champion),  are  also  made  known  as 
members  of  this  fauna. 

Still  more  recently  Senor  Picado  has  described  (Bull.  Soc.  Zool. 
P>ance,  XXXVII,  No.  10.  Jan.  31,  1913)  a  new  species  of  Scirtes. 
S.  championi,  and  its  larva,  which  he  reared  from  among  the  leaves 
of  Costa  Rican  bromeliads.  This  insect  is  a  member  of  the  Coleop- 
terous family  Dascillidae. 


Entomological    Literature. 

COMPILED   BY   E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR.,    AND   J.    A.    G.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting  those 
appearing  in  the  January  and  February  issues,  which  are  generally  dated 
the  year  previous. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  record  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

4 — The  Canadian  Entomologist.  7 — U.  S.  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, Bureau  of  Entomology.  9 — The  Entomologist,  London. 
11 — Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  London.  13 — Comp- 
tes  Rendus,  Societe  de  Biologic,  Paris.  14 — Proceedings,  Zoologi- 
cal Society  of  London.  22 — Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  Leipzig.  38 — 
Wiener  Entomologische  Zeitung.  50 — Proceedings,  U.  S.  National 
Museum.  51 — Novitates  Zoologicae,  Tring,  England.  69 — Bolle- 
tino,  Societa  Italiana  Entomologica.  76 — Journal,  Cincinnati  Soci- 
ety of  Natural  History.  84 — Entomologische  Rundschau.  89 — Zoo- 


Vol.   xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  735 

logische   Jahrbucher,    Jena.      94— "Das    Thierreich"    herausgegeben 
von  d.  Deutschen  zoologischen  Gesellschaft,  Berlin.     102 — Proceed- 
ings of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Washington.     110 — Bulletin, 
Societe    d'Histoire    Naturelle    de    Colmar.      Nouvelle    Serie.      119— 
Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte,  Berlin.     136— Stettiner  Entomologische 
Zeitung.    148 — New  York  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Geneva. 
152 — California   Agricultural   Experiment   Station,    Berkeley.      166— 
Internationale    Entomologische    Zeitschrift,    Guben.     175 — Aus   der 
Natur,  Berlin.     189 — Pomona    Journal   of   Entomology,   Claremont, 
Cala.       198 — Biological     Bulletin,     Marine     Biological     Laboratory, 
Woods    Hole,    Mass.      216 — Entomologische    Zeitschrift,    Frankfurt 
a.   M.     238' — Anales,   Sociedad   Cientifica  Argentina,    Buenos   Aires. 
302 — Mitteilungen  Naturwissenschaftlichen  Vereins  an  der  Univer- 
sitat  Wien.     310 — L'Echange.  Revue  Linneene.  Moulins.     313 — Bul- 
letin of  Entomological  Research,  London.    324 — Journal  of  Animal 
Behavior,   Cambridge,   Mass.     327 — Scientific   Memoirs  by   Officers 
of  the   Medical  and   Sanitary   Departments  of  the   Government  of 
India  (new  Ser.).  Calcutta.    344 — U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Washington,  D.  C.     359 — Connecticut  Agricultural  Experiment  Sta- 
tion, New  Haven.    369 — Entomologische  Mitteilungen.     Berlin-Dah- 
lem.     381 — Experiment  Station   Record,  Washington,  D.   C.     408— 
Dominion    of    Canada,    Department    of    Agriculture,    Experimental 
Farms.      Division    of    Entomology,    Ottawa.      411 — Bulletin    of    the 
Brooklyn    Entomological   Society.     414 — Transactions   of  the   Nor- 
folk and  Norwich  Naturalists'  Society.     415 — Boletin     de    Fomento, 
Organo  del  Ministerio  de  Fomento,  San  Jose,  Costa  Rica.     416— 
Revista  de  Ciencias,  Lima,  Peru.     417 — University  Studies,  Lincoln, 
Nebraska.     41& — The   Philippine   Agricultural   Review,   Manila. 

GENERAL    SUBJECTS.      Anon.— Economic    entomology,    381, 
xxvii,   655-663.      Proposte   della    commissione   per   la    nomenclatura 
zoologica  italiana  nominata  daH'assemblea  di  bromio  della  Unione 
Zoologica   Italiana   1908,  69,  xliii,     238-45.     Britton,  W.  E. — Report 
(12th)  of  the  state  entomologist  of  Connecticut,  359,  Report  1912, 
209-96.     Cameron,  P. — Obituary,  9,  1913,  24.    Dewitz,  J. — The  bear- 
ing of  physiology  on  economic  entomology,  313,  iii,  343-54.     Fritsch, 
W.— Stimmungsbilder  aus  dem  jahre  1912,  84,  xxx,  1-3.     Hamann, 
W. — Ueber  die  einrichtung  und  den  betrieb  kleiner    insektarien,  166, 
vi,  271-73.     Hammond,  J. — An  investigation  concerning  the  food  of 
certain  birds,  414,  ix,  316-327.     v.  Hanstein,  R.— Biologic  der  Tiere. 
Verlag  von  Quelle  &  Meyer,  Leipzig,  1913,  404  pp.     Hewitt,  C.  G.— 
Legislation  in   Canada  to  prevent  the  introduction  and   spread  of 
insects  .  .  .  destructive  to  vegetation,  408,  Bull.  No.  6.     Knab,  F.— 
Blood-sucking  insects  as  transmitters  of  human  disease,  102,  xiv, 


136  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,    '13 

219-21.  Knorzer,  A. — Deutschlands  warmste  gegenden  und  ihre 
insektenfauna,  110,  xi,  1-24.  Lyman,  H.  N. — The  second  interna- 
tional congress  of  entomology,  4,  1912,  370-71.  McAtee,  W.  L.— 
Index  to  papers  relating  to  the  food  of  birds  by  members  of  the 
biological  survey,  344,  Biol.  Sur.,  Bui.  No.  43.  Mitzmain,  M.  B.— 
Collected  notes  on  the  insect  transmission  of  surra  in  carabaos, 
418,  v,  670-81.  Pantoja,  R. — La  tiriasis  en  los  animates  domesticos, 
415,  ii,  708-713.  Poche,  F/—  Die  bestimmung  des  typus  von  gattung 
ohne  ursprunglichen  solchen,  ....  119,  1912,  A.  Heft  8,  1-110. 
Schoenichen,  W. — Ueber  diapositive  fur  den  naturgeschichtlichen 
unterricht,  175,  ix,  262-265.  Schroder,  E. — Zur  geschichte  der  zoo- 
logischen  und  botanischen  nomenklatur  im  19  Jahrhundert,  175,  ix, 
232-239.  Viereck,  H.  L. — Entomology  at  the  centenary  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  102,  xiv,  193-94.  Weiss, 
H.  B. — Some  ancient  beliefs  concerning  insects,  411,  viii,  21-23. 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Hilton,  W.  A.— A  preliminary  study  of 
the  central  nervous  system  of  spiders,  189,  iv,  332-36.  Quayle,  H. 
J. — Red  spiders  and  mites  of  citrus  trees,  152,  Bui.  234. 

Roewer,  C.  F. — Die  familie  der  Cosmetiden  der  Opiliones-Lania- 
tores,  119,  1912,  A,  H.  10,  1-122. 

APTERA  AND  NEUROPTERA.  Hodge,  H.— Dragonflies  bred 
in  1912,  9,  1913,  17-18.  Morrill  &  Black. — White  flies  injurious  to 
citrus  in  Florida,  7,  Bui.  92.  Tovar,  F.  D. — Contribucion  al  estudio 
de  los  afanipteros  de  Lima  y  callas.  (Continuation.)  416,  xv.  193-19G 
(cont.).  Williams,  C.  B. — Some  biological  notes  on  "Raphidia 
maculicollis",  9,  1913,  6-8. 

Bacon,   G. — Some   Collembola  of  Laguna   Beach,  189,  iv,   841-45. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Caudell,  A.  N.— Description  of  two  n.  sp.  of  O. 
from  Peru,  4,  1913,  19-21.  A  n.  gen.  and  sp.  of  Gryllidae  from  Texas, 
102,  xiv,  187-88.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — A  n.  gen.  of  O.  from  Guate- 
mala, 102,  xiv,  195-96.  Giglio-Tos,  E. — Mantidi  esotici,  69,  xliii.  3-168. 

HEMIPTERA.  Barber,  H.  S.— Eggs  of  "Cicada  lyricen",  102, 
xiv,  210-11.  Bergroth,  E. — Bibliographisches  ueber  Hemipteren, 
369,  ii,  10-] 2.  Essig,  E.  O. — Host  index  to  California  plant  lice  II, 
189,  iv,  826-:28.  Olsen,  C.  E. — On  the  endurance  of  swarms  of  Cimex 
lectularius,  411,  viii,  24-25. 

Bergroth,  E. — Notes  on  American  Hemiptera  II.  A  n.  sp.  of 
Calisius,  4,  1913,  1-9.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— "Phenacoccus  betheli" 
again,  4,  1913,  14-15.  Davis,  J.  J.— Williams'  "The  Aphididae  of 
Nebraska";  a  critical  review,  417,  xi,  No.  3,  39  pp. 


Vol.   Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  137 

LEPIDOPTERA.     Andreucci,  A.— Sul  mimetismo  della  larva  di 
"Spintherops  spectrum",  69,  xliii,  234-37.     Bentall,  E.  E. — On  rear- 
ing "Papilio   machaon,"   9,   1913,   4-6.      Busk,   A. — A   new   injurious 
"Plutella,"   102,  xiv,  219.      Dewitz,  I. — Die   zahl  der  beim   lichtfang 
erbeuteten  weibchen  der  schmetterlinge,  166,  vi,  285-86.     Dyar,  H. 
G. — Recognition   of  "Palindia   merricki,"   102,   xiv,   194.      Fiske,   W. 
F. — The  gipsy  moth  as  a  forest  insect,  with  suggestions  as  to  its 
control,  7,  Circ.  164.     Jones  &  Davidson. — Life  history  of  the  cod- 
ling moth  in  the  Santa  Clara  valley  of  California,  7,  Bui.  115,  pt.  3. 
Parrott  &  Schoene. — The  apple  and  cherry  ermine  moths,  148,  Tech. 
B.  24.     Prout,  L.  B.— On  the  larva  of  "Pleuroprucha  (Deptalia)  in- 
sulsaria,"  4,  1912,  369-70.     Wallis,  J.  B.— Note  on  "Vanessa  califor- 
nicus"  at  Peachland,  B.  C.,  in  1912,  4,  1912,  368-69.    Webster,  F.  M.— 
An  early  reference  to  the  occurrence  of  the  army  worm  in   Penn- 
sylvania, New  York  and  Canada,  4,  1913,  16.    The  migration  of  "An- 
osia  plexippus,"  4,  1912,  366-367. 

Braun,  A.  F. — Notes  on  North  American  species  of  "Nepticula" 
with  descriptions  of  n.  sp.,  76,  xxi,  84-101.  Busk,  A. — New  Mexican 
Acrolophidae,  102,  xiv,  222-24.  Dyar,  H.  G.— A  new  "Ulophora" 
from  Florida,  102,  xiv,  218.  Giacomelli,  E. — Sobre  una  nueva  espe- 
cie  de  protoparce  (Sphingidae),  238.  Ixxiv,  55-57.  Jones,  E.  D. — De- 
scriptions of  new  butterflies  of  the  genus  Thecla,  from  southeast 
Brazil,  14,  1912,  896-902.  Rothschild,  W.— New  Syntomidae.  New 
Lithosianae,  51,  xix,  151-186,  212-246.  Rowland-Brown,  H.— Fur- 
ther notes  on  Hesperid  classification,  9,  1913,  8-11.  Schaus,  W. — 
Xew  species  of  Heterocera  from  Costa  Rica — xix.  11,  xi,  1-44.  New 
sp.  of  Noctuidae  from  the  Guianas,  102,  xiv,  213-18.  Stichel,  H.— 
Rhopalocera.  Amathusiidae,  94,  Lief.  34,  248  pp.  Strand,  E. — Ex- 
otisch-Lepidopterologisches,  119,  1912,  A,  H.  9,  143-158,  178-186. 
Swett,  L.  M. — Geometrid  notes — Description  of  a  new  Evis.  A  new 
Diastictis,  4,  1913,  25-26. 

DIPTERA.  Cragg,  F.  W.— The  structure  of  "Haematopota  plu- 
vialis,"  327,  No.  55,  36  pp.  Keilin,  D. — Sur  les  conditions  de  nutri- 
tion de  certaines  larves  de  D.  parasites  de  fruits,  13,  Ixxiv,  24-26. 
Rawls,  E. — Sex  ratios  in  "Drosophila  ampelophila,"  198,  xxiv,  115- 
124.  Stanton,  A.  T. — On  the  changes  which  occur  in  certain  char- 
acters of  Anopheles  larvae  in  the  course  of  their  growth,  313,  iii, 
387-91.  Weinland,  H.  A. — The  cosmopolitan  habits  of  the  fruit  fly 
(Ceratitis  capitata),  189,  iv,  821-25. 

Alexander,  C.  P. — The  American  species  of  Adelphomyia,  189, 
iv,  829-31.  Brunetti,  E. — The  fauna  of  British  India,  including  Cey- 
lon and  Burma.  Nematocera  (excluding  Chironomidae  and  Culici- 


138  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  [March,    '13 

dae).  London,  Taylor  &  Francis,  1912,  581  pp.  Cole,  F.  R.— Notes 
on  the  D.  of  Laguna  Beach,  189,  Iv,  837-40.  Johnson,  C.  W.— The 
North  American  sp.  of  the  genera  Arthropeas  and  Arthroceras,  4, 
1913,  9-12.  Krober,  O. — Die  Thereviden  Nordamerikas,  136,  1912, 
209-72.  Malloch.  J.  R. — One  n.  g.  and  8  n.  sps.  of  dipterous  insect? 
in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  collection,  50,  xliii,  649-658.  Walton, 
W.  R. — A  n.  sp.  of  Tachinidae  from  Porto  Rico,  102,  xlv,  198-200. 

COLEOPTERA.  Hartwig,  W.— Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  larve 
von  "Pyrochroa  coccinea,"  119,  1912,  A,  H.  10,  123-160.  Holste,  G.— 
Der  nervus  proctodaeo-genitalis  des  ''Dytiscus  marginalis,"  22,  xli, 
150-56.  Kuntzen,  H. — Zur  verbreitung  tmd  zum  alter  der  Carabid- 
entribus  Broscinae,  84,  xxx,  4-6.  Pic,  M. — C.  exotiques  nouveaux 
ou  peu  connus,  310,  1912,  75-77,  93-94.  Webster,  F.  M.--An  early 
record  of  swarms  of  Lachnosterna  in  Kansas,  411,  viii,  23-24.  Wod- 
sedalek,  J.  E. — The  relations  of  certain  Dermestidae  to  light  in 
different  periods  of  their  life  history,  324,  iii,  61-64. 

Blatchley,  W.  S. — On  some  apparently  new  C.  from  Indiana  and 
Florida,  4,  1913,  21-24.  Bowditch,  F.  C. — Synonymical  notes  on 
Oedionychia,  4,  1912,  365.  Dury,  C. — New  C.  from  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio.  A  new  "Cychrus"  from  New  Mexico,  76,  xxi, 
102-104.  Kerremans,  C. — Monographic  des  Buprestides.  Tome  VI. 
Livr.  1-3.  Ohaus,  F. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Rutiliden.  X,  136, 
1912,  273-319.  Schaeffer,  C.— On  "Metachroma  laterale,  pallidum 
and  laevicolli."  Three  new.  sp.  of  Hister,  411,  viii,  25-27.  Schmidt, 
A. — Neue  Scarabaeiden  aus  den  subfamilien  Aphodiinae,  Orphninae 
und  Hybosorinae,  119,  1912,  A,  H.  7,  196-202.  Swaine,  J.  M. — New 
sp.  of  the  family  Ipidae,  4,  1912,  349-353.  Weise,  J. — Synonymische 
bemerkungen,  38,  xxxii,  17. 

HYMENOPTERA.  Caesar,  C.  J.— Die  stirnaugen  der  ameisen, 
89,  xxxv,  161-242.  Crosby,  C.  R. — Notes  on  "Syntomaspis  drupar- 
um"  and  "Ichneumon  nigricornis,"  4,  1912,  365-366.  Morton,  F. — 
Die  bedeutung  der  ameisen  fur  die _ verbreitung  der  pflanzensamen, 
302,  X,  77-85  (cont.).  Rudow,  Dr. — Die  wohnungen  und  lebensfa- 
higkeiten  der  honigsammelnden  bienen,  Anthophilidae,  216,  xxvi, 
165-66  (cont.).  White,  G.  F.' — Sacbrood,  a  disease  of  bees,  7,  Circ. 
169. 

Cockerell,   T.   D.   A. — Descriptions     and    records    of     bees,     xlviii, 
11,    xi,    54-65.      Two    new    Canadian     bees     4,     1913,      12-14.     Can- 
adian bees  in  the  British  Museum,  4,  1912,  354-358.     Crawford,  J. 
C. — Notes  on  some  Canadian  bees,  4,  1912,  359-360.     On  the  status 
of  some  sp.  of  the  genus  Panurginus,  4,  1912,  367-68.     Girault,  A. 


Vol.   XXJv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  139 

A. — A  synonymic  note  on  the  Mymaridae  and  Trichogrammatidae, 
102,  xiv,  221-22.  New  chalcidoid  genera  and  sp.  from  Paraguay, 
119,  1912,  A,  H.  9,  160-177.  Viereck,  H.  L.— Descriptions  of  one 
new  family,  8  n.  g.  and  33  n.  sp.  of  ichneumon  flies,  50,  xliii,  575-593. 


INSECUTOR  INSCITIAE  MENSTRUUS.— A  Monthly  Journal  of  Entomol- 
ogy, Vol.  I,  No.  i,  January,  1913.  Conducted  by  Harrison  G.  Dyar,  1512 
2ist  St.,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  title  in  large  type  is  very  im- 
posing, but  at  first  glance  suggests  nothing  of  an  entomological  journal. 
The  English  title  conveys  more  to  the  illiterate.  However  this  may  be, 
Scientia  est  potentia  or,  in  vulgar  parlance,  knowledge  is  power  and 
this  is  a  menstruus,  or  monthly,  and  persecutes  ignorance  twelve  times  a 
year,  unless  there  should  happen  to  be  a  miss.  The  publication  "is  un- 
dertaken in  memory  of  Augustus  Radcliffe  Grote,  the  best  lepidopter- 
ist  of  America,  living  or  dead,  whose  writings  have  always  been  to  me 
a  model  and  an  inspiration."  The  modesty  of  the  conductor  is  quite 
overwhelming.  The  model,  "The  North  American  Entomologist,"  on 
which  the  present  Journal  is  based,  was  discontinued  at  page  104.  The 
Conductor  of  the  Menstruus  says,  "We  hope  to  conduct  this  on  the 
same  lines.''  "Whether  it  lasts  longer  or  not  remains  to  be  decided." 
There  are  one  dozen  pages  in  the  first  part,  devoted  to  a  very  good 
paper,  entitled  "Notes  on  Cotton  Moths"  (Lepidoptera,  Noctuidae). 
By  Harrison  G.  Dyar.  The  Mensiruus,  as  the  name  indicates,  comes 
out  monthly,  sold  by  subscription,  $2  a  year  in  advance,  payable  to  the 
Conductor.  The  price  seems  high,  but  no  one  can  tell  in  advance  how 
much  ignorance  may  be  persecuted  monthly. — H.  S. 


PSYLLIDARUM  CATALOGUs.  Auctore  Dr.  G.  Aulmann.  (W.  Junk,  Ber- 
lin W.  15.)  1913. 

We  are  glad  to  see  a  catalogue  of  the  Homopterous  family  Psyllidae, 
and  published  by  the  well-known  firm  of  W.  Junk,  of  Berlin.  It  is 
gotten  up  in  the,  same  style  as  the  Colcopterorum  Catalofjus,  which  is 
now  becoming  familiar  to  coleopterists.  This  catalogue  includes  the 
species  of  the  world  and  is  complete  in  92  pages.  It  will  certainly  prove 
of  value  to  students  of  that  family  and  they  should  know  of  its  exist- 
ence. 

Doings  of  Societies. 

FELDMAN  COLLECTING  SOCIAL. 
Meeting  of  May  I5th,  1912,  at   1523  S.  I3th  St.,  Philadel- 
phia ;    fourteen   members   were   present ;    Pres.    Haimhach    in 
the  chair. 


14°  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [March,   '13 

Mr.  Wenzel,  Sr.,  recorded  OEdionychis  fimbriata  Forst. 
from  lona,  IV-27,  as,  new  to  southern  New  Jersey. 

Mr.  Laurent  said  if  corks  were  dipped  in  paraffine  the 
crevices  would  be  filled  and  they  would  make  better  stoppers 
for  the  bottles  and  could  be  easily  removed. 

Mr.  Daecke  said  it  is  a  remarkable  year  for  insects  about 
Harrisburg.  He  exhibited  two  species  of  the  Lepidopterous 
family  Thyatiridae:  Euthyatira  pudens  Gn.,  Rockville  IV-24- 
'12  and  Habrosyne  script  a  Gosse,  Conewago  VIII-i4-'o9  and 
stated  that  these  species,  though  conspicuously  colored,  were 
very  difficult  to  find  owing  to  their  similarity  to  the  form 
and  color  of  the  surroundings  which  they  select  for  resting  on. 
He  recorded  the  Noctuid,  Baileyia  ophthalmica  Gn.,  Harris- 
burg  V-io-'i2.  He  further  exhibited  a  pair  of  Criorhina 
nigriventris  Walton  (Dip.),  taken  at  Rockville,  IY-28-'i2,  and 
spoke  of  their  likeness  to  the  bumble-bee  in  flight,  general 
appearance  and  buzzing.  He  also  pointed  out  the  difference 
between  this  species  and  C.  verbosa  Wlk.,  the  latter  species 
having  been  rather  common  this  season.  Two  specimens  of 
Sthenopis  argenteomaculatus  Harr.  (Lep.)  were  also  shown 
which  were  reared  from  the  bases  of  Alder  (Alnus).  The 
larvae  were  found  by  Mr.  Champlain,  near  Harrisburg,  in 
March,  this  season,  and  the  adults  emerged  May  7th  and  8th. 
There  were  six  larvae  alongside  each  other  in  as  many  bor- 
ings in  one  Alder  stick  about  two  and  one-half  inches  in 
diameter,  which  could  be  easily  seen  in  the  stem  shown. 

Dr.  Skinner  said  he  had  collected  the  latter  species  at 
Lloydminster,  north  Saskatchewan,  VII-3I,  and  also  recorded 
Lithocolletes  propinquinella  Braun  (Lep.)  Ardmore,  Pa.,  V- 

5-'i2- 

Mr.  Geo.  M.  Greene  exhibited  a  pair  of  Abia  amcricana 
Cress.  (Hym.)  collected  at  Castle  Rock,  Pa.,  IV-2i-'i2,  by  C. 
T.  Greene.  Also  read  an  article  on  collecting  insects  by  Anna 
Van  Rensselaer  Morris.  This  clipping  was  from  the  North 
American  Monthly  Magazine,  May  I2th,  1912,  and  was  typi- 
cal "newspaper  entomology." 

Dr.  Skinner  said  while  looking  over  the  Dorcus  in  the 
American  Entomological  Society  collection  he  noticed  that 


Vol.   xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  141 

in  parallelus  the  mandibular  tooth  is  perpendicular,  while  in 
brcvis  it  is  horizontal  and  parallel  to  the  mandible. 
Adjourned  to  the  annex. 


Meeting  of  November  2Oth,  1912,  at  1523  S.  I3th  St.,  Phila- 
delphia; twelve  members  present;  President  Haimbach  in  the 
chair. 

Mr.  J.  Wagner  Green,  of  Easton,  Pa.,  was  elected  an  ac- 
tive member  of  the  Social. 

Mr.  Wenzel  exhibited  two  interesting  boxes  of  Chryso- 
melidae  including  Odontota,  Cassida,  etc.,  remounted  and  re- 
arranged. 

Mr.,  Kaeber  exhibited  Hcterocerns  brunnciis  Melsh.  (Col.) 
from  Phila.  Neck,  VII-4-'i2,  which  he  had  caught  by  throw- 
ing water  on  the  mud  banks,  after  which  they  could  be  seen 
as  they  leave  the  ground  and  easily  captured  and  are  ap- 
parently dry  when  taken. 

Mr.  Laurent  exhibited  eggs  of  a  Neuropteron  fastened  to 
a  leaf,  Mt.  Airy,  Pa.,  VI-24.  These  were  identified  by  Mr. 
Daecke  as  a  "lace  wing,"  Chrysopa  sp. 

Adjourned  to  the  annex. 


The  twenty-fifth  annual  meeting  was  held  December  i8th, 
1912,  at  1523  S.  I3th  St.,  Philadelphia;  eight  members  were 
present ;  Vice-president  H.  A.  Wenzel  in  the  chair. 

Letters  of  congratulation  on  the  Social's  reaching  the  quar- 
ter century  mark  were  read  from  Dr.  Calvert  and  C.  T. 
Greene. 

Prof.  Calvert  exhibited  some  Costa  Rican  Odonata  of  the 
genus  Thauniatoncura  collected  by  himself.  He  stated  that 
they  were  water-fall  dwelling  insects  and  he  had  caught  them 
only  at  three  falls  of  the  several  visited.  Where  they  \vere 
missing  he  had  noticed  lizards  about  and  as  they  are  slow-flying 
insects  this  might  account  for  their  absence.  A  pair  of  each 
of  two  species  (caught  in  coitiO  were  shown  and  while  great 
differences  were  easily  seen  in  the  males,  it  was  almost  im- 
possible to  distinguish  the  females  of  T.  pcllncida  and  T.  in- 
op'mata. 

Mr.  Wenzel  exhibited  several  specimens  of  Phamicus  canii- 


I42  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [March,   '13 

•fex  Linn.  (Col.),  all  males,  showing  great  variation  in  size. 
Some  of  the  smaller  ones  had  the  thoracic  horn  entirely  ab- 
sent. 

Mr.  Daecke  showed  a  root  o£  "Clot  bur"  (Xanthium  stru- 
marium  Linn,  from  which  he  had  bred  the  weevil  Boris  inter- 
stitialis  Say  (as  determined  by  Col.  Casey).  These  specimens 
had  emerged  in  the  fall  and  then  crawled  back  in  the  gallery 
made  by  the  larvae,  showing  that  they  hibernate  in  the  adult 
stage.  The  plant  is  common  on  the  islands  in  the  Susque- 
hanna  River. 

Dr.  Skinner  said  he  had  been  working  on  the  Hesperidae 
and  found  one  group,  the  "black  skippers,"  very  difficult  to 
determine  from  the  descriptions.  He  has  kept  all  the  speci- 
mens he  has  received  in  this  family  and  now  without  doubt 
the  American  Entomological  Society  has  the  finest  collection 
of  them  in  the  world. 

Mr.  Geo.  M.  Greene  exhibited  a  specimen  of  Polypleunis 
geminatus  Sol.  (Col.)  collected  by  himself  under  chips  at 
East  Falls  Church,  Virginia,  XII-7-'i2.  This  genus  was  dis- 
cussed at  the  November,  1911,  meeting. 

Adjourned  to  the  annex. 

GEO.  M.  GREENE,  Secretary. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION,  ACADEMY  OF  NAT- 
URAL SCIENCES  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

Meeting  of  November  21,  1912.  Mr.  Philip  Laurent,  Di- 
rector, presided.  Ten  persons  present. 

Mr.  Rehn  made  a  communication  on  the  recent  field  trip 
made  by  Mr.  Hebard  and  himself  to  the  Florida  Keys  and 
Texas.  Three  months,  June  2Qth  to  October  2Qth,  were  spent 
in  the  field  and  a  series  of  over  fifteen  thousand  Orthoptera. 
the  particular  object  of  the  trip,  as  well  as  some  hundreds  of 
other  insects,  were  secured.  The  speaker  outlined  the  trip  and 
discussed  the  features  of  collecting  in  portions  of  the  country 
traversed.  The  objective  points  in  Texas  were  the  Browns- 
ville region  and  the  Chisos  mountains  in  the  bend  of  the  Rio 
Grande,  both  of  which  were  examined,  while  over  fifty  other 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS.  143 

localities  were  visited.  A  number  of  photographs  illustrating 
the  talk  were  shown. 

Dr.  Calvert  asked  whether  the  Florida  Keys  species  were 
largely  West  Indian.  Mr.  Rehn  said  they  were  about  equally 
divided  between  West  Indian  and  mainland  forms. 

Mr.  Laurent  exhibited  a  female  specimen  of  Papilio  phile- 
nor,  in  perfect  condition,  which  he  captured  at  Mt.  Airy,  Phila- 
delphia, on  November  ist  of  the  present  year.  The  speaker 
stated  that  this  was  an  unusual  time  for  this  species  to  be 
found  on  the  wing,  and  that  no  doubt  some  unusual  cause  had 
something  to  do  with  the  appearance  of  the  butterfly  at  this 
time  of  year.  Mr.  Laurent  also  exhibited  prepared  cabinet 
specimens  of  the  larvae  and  chrysalids  of  the  six  species  of 
Papilio  known  to  breed  in  Pennsylvania. 

Dr.  Skinner  exhibited  both  sexes  of  Lycacna  ncnrona,  an 
interesting  little  species,  found  so  far  only  in  California. 

Mr.  R.  C.  Williams  was  elected  an  Associate. 


Meeting  of  December  9,  1912.  Mr.  Philip  Laurent,  Direc- 
tor, presided;  nine  persons  present. 

Mr.  Rehn  exhibited  a  series  of  specimens  of  the  sub-family 
Proscopinae  of  the  Acrididae,  belonging  to  the  Academy, 
largely  from  Argentine  material  sent  for  study.  Many  of 
these  were  very  rare  in  collections.  Dr.  Calvert;  called  atten- 
tion to  their  remarkable  resemblance  to  Phasmidae.  Air.  Rehn 
pointed  out  the  anatomical  differences  between  the  two  fam- 
ilies. 

Mr.  Hornig  said  he  had  found  larvae  of  Cule.v  pipicns  out 
of  doors  on  November  3Oth,  and  that  Culicid  larvae  mature 
much  faster  in  dirty  water  than  in  clean,  and  that  more  males 
than  females  were  bred  from  clean  water. 

The  following  persons  were  elected  to  serve  as  officers  for 
the  year  1913:  Director,  Philip  Laurent;  Vice-Director,  H.  W. 
Wenzel ;  Treasurer,  E.  T.  Cresson ;  Conservator,  Henry  Skin- 
ner; Secretary,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn;  Recorder.  Henry  Skinner; 
Publication  Committee,  E.  T.  Cresson  and  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr. 

Mr.  Jacob  Kotinsky  was  elected  an  Associate. 

HENRY  SKINNER,  Recorder. 


144  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [March,   '13 

Franklin  A.  Merrick. 

Mr.  Franklin  A.  Merrick,  of  New  Brighton,  Pennsylvania, 
died  at  11.55  P.  M.,  December  16,  1912.  He  was  a  life-long 
resident  of  New  Brighton,  where  he  was  born  January  17, 
1845.  After  leaving  public  school  in  1860,  he  entered  the  car 
works  of  Merrick,  Hanna  &  Company  until  the  summer  of 
1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  Hampton's  Independent  Battery  F, 
Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery.  He  was  commissioned  a  lieu- 
tenant in  the  battery  and  served  till  July  26,  1865,  when  he 
was  honorably  discharged  with  his  company.  During  1866  he 
took  a  course  in  Smith's  Business  College,  Pittsburg,  after 
which  he  engaged  in  the  foundry  and  plumbing  business  until 
1896,  when  he  retired  from  active  work. 

With  the  purchase  of  a  small  collection  from  Mr.  Glasser 
he  entered  the  study  of  entomology  and  devoted  his  leisure 
time  to  the  collecting  of  Lepidoptera,  in  which  pursuit  he  was 
assisted  by  his  son,  the  late  Harry  D.  Merrick.  By  industrious 
work  during  day  time  and  the  use  of  trap  lights  in  a  forest,  a 
very  interesting  collection  was  accumulated  and  a  number  of 
species  new  to  science  were  discovered.  "Progress  and  Im- 
provement" were  our  late  friend's  motto,  and  he  showed  this 
inclination  even  in  the  pursuit  of  his  hobby  by  designing  and 
inventing  his  trap  lights,  a  collecting  jar  for  high-resting  moths 
and  later  a  much  improved  apparatus  for  inflating  larvae. 

Mr.  Merrick  enjoyed  an  extensive  correspondence  and  found 
much  pleasure  in  filling  several  boxes  from  his  duplicate  stock 
and  sending  them  to  his  friends.  The  death  of  his  son  proved 
a  shock  to  him  from  which  he  never  fully  rallied,  and  Bright's 
disease  undermined  his  health.  For  several  years  he  spent  the 
winter  in  Florida,  but  gained  no  permanent  relief.  Mr.  Mer- 
rick was  united  in  marriage  with  Laura  Jane  Duncan,  of 
Fallston,  Pa.,  who  survives  him. 

Mr.  Merrick  disposed  of  his  collection  last  year  to  Dr.  Wm. 

Barnes. 

HENRY  ENGEL. 


MR.  L.  E.  RKKSECKER,  well-known  collector  of  California 
insects,  died  in  San  Diego  in  that  State,  January  30,  1913. 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  VI. 


NEW  THYSANOPTERA   FROM    FLORIDA-WATSON. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY    OF    NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL.  XXIV. 


APRIL,   1913- 


No.  4. 


CONTENTS: 


Watson— New  Thysanoptera  from  Flo- 
rida    M5 

Bethune-Baker — Everes  comyntas  and 
amyntula  (Lep.) 149 

Girault— Fragments  from  an  Entomo- 
logical Diary,  Texas,  1904. — Ap- 
pearance of  Insects  in  Spring 156 

Hilton— Change  in  Title 159 

Rust— New  Peruvian  Parasites  from 
Hemichionaspis  minor  I  Hymen.) ..  160 

Monograph  of  Aleocharinae  (Coleop.)  165 

Girault— A  New  Signiphora  from 
Queensland,  Australia  (Hym.) 166 

Manee — Observations  on  Buprestidae 
at  Southern  Pines,  North  Carolina 
(Coleop. ) 167 

Rilev— Some  Sources  of  Laboratory 
Material  for  Work  on  the  Relation 
of  Insects  to  Disease 172 


Felt— Cystodiplosis    eugeniae    n.    sp. 

(Dipt.) 175 

Alexander— A    New    Species  of   Dixa 

from  Chile  (Dixidae,  Dipt.) 176 

Editorial - i?3 

The  British  Imperial  Bureau  of  Ento- 
mology     179 

An  Entomologist  Wanted  for  Arcadia  iSo 
Entomological  Meet  in  California,  1915  181 
Dow— Some  Nomenclatural  Questions  181 
Grinnell— Recollections  of  A.  R.  Grote, 

by  John  G.  Milburn 182 

Entomological  Literature 183 

Review  of  Cosens— A   Contribution  to 
the    Morphology    and    Biology    of 

Insect  Galls 187 

Doings  of  Societies 189 

Obituary— Charles  W.  Hooker,  Ph.D.  192 


New  Thysanoptera  from  Florida. 

By  J.  R.  WATSON,  University  of  Florida  Exper.   Sta.,   Gaines- 
ville, Fla. 

(Plate  VI) 

Cryptothrips  floridensis,  new  species.     (Plate  VI,  Figs.  1-4.") 

Measurements :  Head,  length  0.25  mm.,  width  0.20  mm. ;  prothorax, 
length  0.17  mm.,  width  0.34  mm.;  mesothorax,  width  0.40  mm.;  abdo- 
men, width  0.44  mm. ;  total  length  of  insect,  exclusive  of  antennae, 
1.89  mm.;  tube,  length  0.14  mm.,  width  at  base  0.075  mm.;  antennae; 
1,36  P  ;  2,  51.7  n  \  3,  77.6  p  ;  4,  78  /*  ;  5,  65  !'-  ;  6,  63  ,"• ;  7,  54.5  /*  I  8, 
40  p  ;  total  0.42  mm. 

General  color,  black,  no  purple  pigment;  tarsi  dark  brown  and 
antennae  yellow. 

Head,  cylindrical,  one  and  one- fourth  times  as  long  as  wide;  sides 
almost  straight  and  parallel. 

Eyes  somewhat  triangular,  9x6  P-,  reddish  brown,  not  pilose,  about 
250  facets. 

Ocelli  present,  concolorous  with  the  eyes  to  which  the  posterior 
ones  are  closely  applied. 

145 


146  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

Mouth-cone,  rather  bluntly  rounding,  reaching  three-fourths  of  the 
way  across  the  pronotum. 

Antennae  with  eight  segments,  one  and  two-thirds  times  as  long  as 
the  head ;  segments  one  and  two  black,  concolorous  with  the  head, 
segments  three  to  six  clear  yellow,  eighth  and  tip  of  seventh  yellow- 
ish-brown. 

Prothorax  short,  a  little  shorter  than  the  width  of  the  head,  tri- 
angular, narrow  in  front,  well-developed  spines  on  posterior  angles 
and  two  on  the  anterior  part  of  each  lateral  margin. 

Mesothorax  wider  than  the  prothorax  and  very  short,  sides  almost 
straight. 

Pterothorax  a  little  narrower  than  the  abdomen,  sides  almost 
straight. 

Legs  long,  concolorous  with  the  body  except  the  brown  tarsi. 

Wings :  Fore-wings  reaching  almost  to  the  end  of  the  abdomen, 
fringed  wth  hairs  which  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  abdo- 
men, doubled  for  from  15  to  19  hairs,  nerve  weak  and  short,  con- 
striction rather  slight. 

Abdomen  usually  long  and  slender,  usually  widest  at  the  second 
or  third  segment  and  tapering  gradually  to  the  seventh  from  which 
it  rounds  off  more  abruptly.  A  pair  of  bluntly-tipped  hairs  along 
the  margin  of  each  segment,  becoming  longer  and  arising  from  nearer 
the  posterior  angle  on  the  posterior  segments.  The  tube  is  0.14  mm. 
long  and  about  0.075  mm.  wide  at  the  base.  The  end  bears  a  circle 
of  stiff  hairs,  eight  of  which  are  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  tube, 
six  are  shorter  and  weaker. 

Males  are  similar  but  smaller. 

Larvae:  The  very  young  are  a  uniform  yellow  in  color;  later  they 
are  straw-colored  with  numerous  irregularly-shaped  orange  pigment 
masses,  giving  an  orange  color  to  the  body,  which  is  much  wider  in 
proportion  to  the  length  than  is  the  case  with  the  adult.  The  legs 
are  dark  brown.  The  antennae  are  at  first  purplish,  turning  to  dark 
brown  and  later  almost  black.  There  are  two  dark  areas  on  the  head 
and  two  larger  ones  on  the  thorax. 

Eggs  0.35  x  0.14  mm.,  black  in  color,  surface  reticulated  in  ap- 
pearance, due  to  the  fact  that  the  wall  is  composed  of  hexagonal 
plates.  They  are  placed  in  crevices  in  the  bark  of  the  host. 

Described  from  fifty  adults  and  numerous  larvae  and  eggs. 

Found  at  Satsuma,  Fla.,  in  November  and  December  by  W. 
O.  Richtman  on  camphor  (Cinnamon  camphor)  seedlings. 
They  were  reported  as  quite  numerous  on  the  twigs  and  doing 
considerable  damage. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  147 

Type  in  the  collection  of  the  Florida  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Station.  Cotypes  sent  to  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Close  to  C.  calif ornicus  Daniel,  from  which  it  differs  chiefly 
in  general  color,  color  of  the  legs,  color  and  length  of  the  seg- 
ments in  part  of  the  antennae  and  in  its  habitat. 

Phloeothrips  floridensis,  new  species.     (Plate  VI,  Figs.  5,  6  and  7.) 

Female.  Total  length  2.5  mm.  Head  0.26  mm.  long  and  0.2  mm. 
wide;  prothorax  0.2  mm.  long  and  0.38  mm.  wide;  mesothorax  0.18 
mm.  long  by  0.395  mm-  wide;  metathorax  0.23  mm.  long  and  same 
width  as  the  mesothorax;  abdomen  about  the  width  of  the  thorax; 
tube  0.16  mm.  long  and  0.05  mm.  wide  at  its  base;  antennae,  total 
length  0.46  mm.,  segments,  i,  30.2x41.5  /«.  ;  2,  52.8x30.2  ft;  3,  71. 7  x 
37-7  /*  ;  4,  83x36  ^  ;  5,  75.5x28  t*. ;  6,  64x23  V  ;  7,  56.6x21  /*  ;  8,  26.4x13  P-. 

General  color,  dark  brown  under  the  lens,  black  to  the  naked  eye. 

Head,  rounded  in  front,  sides  slightly  converging  posteriorly,  the 
warts  small  and  completely  covering  the  surface,  spines  short. 

Eyes,  size  0.1x0.05  mm.,  oval  in  shape. 

Ocelli  large,  placed  well  forward,  posterior  ones  barely  touching 
margins  of  the  eyes. 

Mouth-cone  comparatively  short,  reaching  only  about  two-thirds  of 
the  distance  across  the  prothorax. 

Antennae  with  eight  segments,  total  length  0.46  mm.  Basal  two 
segments  dark  brown,  concolorous  with  the  head,  third  yellow  but  a 
little  darker  at  the  apex,  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  have  the  basal  third 
yellow  and  the  remainder  light  yellowish-brown,  as  are  all  of  the 
seventh  and  eighth.  Spines  and  sense-cones  long  and  stout. 

Prothorax  0.2  mm.  long,  0.38  mm.  wide,  narrow  in  front,  three  long 
knobbed  spines  on  each  lateral  margin. 

Mesothorax  and  metathorax  sides  converging  slightly  posteriorly, 
each  bearing  a  number  of  knobbed  hairs. 

Legs  rather  long,  femora  concolorous  with  the  body,  tibiae  and 
tarsi  yellowish  brown,  fore  tarsi  with  a  strong  claw. 

Wings.  Fore  wings  rather  short,  barely  reaching  the  sixth  abdom- 
inal segment,  fringed  with  hairs  whose  length  is  greater  than  the 
width  of  the  abdomen.  Hind  wings  a  little  shorter  and  with  shorter 
hairs. 

Abdomen  long  and  narrow,  first  six  segments  of  nearly  equal  width. 
Tube,  sides  converging  only  slightly  posteriorly. 

Male.  Total  length  1.36  mm.  Head  0.24  mm.  long  and  0.19  mm. 
wide. 

Antennae;  joint  4,  70^  long;  5,  63  M ;  8,  30^. 

Front  femora  thicker  and  lighter  in  color  than  in  the  female  and 
with  a  short,  thick  spine  on  the  inner  distal  corner. 


148  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  ':3 

Abdomen  markedly  smaller  and  exceeded  by  the  wings. 

Otherwise  like  the  female  except  that  some  other  measurements  are 
slightly  less. 

Larvae.  Body  mostly  of  an  orange  color.  Anterior  part  of  head, 
antennae,  legs,  and  tube  of  a  very  light  brown  color.  The  antennae 
especially  have  a  purplish  tinge.  Eyes  small  and  red  in  reflected  light. 
Tube  relatively  long  and  ending  in  two  long  hairs  which  are  nearly 
twice  its  length. 

Described  from  two  males  and  one  female.  Taken  from 
under  loose  bark  on  orange  trees  in  the  greenhouse  of  the 
Florida  Experiment  Station.  They  were  found  in  connection 
with  a  fungus  on  which  they  were  evidently  feeding,  January, 


Types  in  the  collection  of  the  Florida  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Sta. 

Leptothrips    aspersus    macro-ocellatus,    n.    sub.    sp. 

On  orange  leaves  at  Gainesville,  Fla.,  in  January,  1913,  there 
were  collected  numerous  specimens  of  a  thrips,  that  for  the 
most  part,  especially  in  its  measurements,  closely  agrees  with 
the  description  of  Leptothrips  aspersus  Hinds,  but  differs  in 
some  respects  and  especially  in  the  very  large  posterior  ocelli 
and  in  having  strong  spines  on  the  thorax.  The  ocelli  meas- 
ure nearly  23  p.  in  length,  and  nearly  as  wide. 

There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  number  of  hairs  on 
the  doubled  portion  of  the  lateral  fringe  of  the  fore  wings. 
The  number  in  some  fifty  specimens  examined  varies  from 
none  at  all  to  seventeen  in  one  wing  examined.  From  five  to 
seven  is  the  usual  number,  although  quite  a  number  had  three. 
There  is  also  considerable  variation  in  the  amount  of  constric- 
tion of  the  fore  wings  ;  in  some,  none  could  be  detected. 

I  do  not  find  any  description  of  the  young  of  this  species. 
Mine  are  of  a  rich  red  color.  The  tube,  preceding  abdominal 
segment,  and  legs,  are  brownish  red.  The  head,  first  joint  of 
the  antennae,  and  apical  half  of  the  second  are  yellow,  the 
head  having  orange  blotches.  The  remainder  of  the  antennae 
is  purplish  black  by  reflected  light,  and  brown  by  transmitted 
light,  as  are  also  the  legs. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  149 

Everes  comyntas  and  amyntula  (Lepid.). 

By  G.  T.  BETHUNE-BAKER,  Edgbaston,  Birmingham,  England. 

(Continued  from  page  103.) 
Everes  amyntula.      Boisd. 

Ei'eres  ainyntnla  Scudder,  Syst.  Rev.  Peabody  Ac.  Sc.,  p.  56  (1872)  ; 
Buff.  Bull,  iii,  p.  114  (1876).  Beth.-Bak.,  Can.  Ent,  p.  96  (1910).  Dyar, 
List.  Bull.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  p.  45  (1902).  Chapman,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond..  p. 
374  (1908).  Tutt.  Brit.  Butt,  iii,  p.  74  (1909)." 

Lycacna  amyntula  Boisduval,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  II,  p.  294 
(1852).  Morris,  Syn.  Lep.  N.  Am.,  p.  87  (1862).  Strecker,  Lep.  Rhop. 
et  Heter.,  pt.  vii,  p.  82  (1874);  Butts,  X.  A.  Syn.  Cat.,  p.  92  (1878). 
Edwards,  Cat.  Diurn.  Lep.,  p.  64  (1884).  Morrison,  Papilio,  iii,  9. 
Wright,  Papilio,  iii,  p.  119  (1883);  Papilio,  iv,  p.  126  (1884).  Holland, 
Butt.  Book,  p.  268  (1898).  Skinner,  Syn.  Cat,  p.  59  (1898).  Coquillett, 
Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  VII,  p.  211  (1899).  Wright,  Butt.  W.  Coast, 
p.  228,  f.  38sb,  &c.  (1905).  Fletcher,  Can.  Ent.,  xxvii,  p.  315  (1895). 
Wolley-Dod.  Can.  Ent.  xxxiii,  p.  167  (1901).  Elrod,  Butts.  Montana, 
p.  139  (1906). 

Var.  hern  (irinnell,  Can.  Ent.  xxxiii,  p.  192  (1901).  Dyar,  List., 
p.  45  (1902). 

Plebeius  amyntula  Kirby,  Syn.  Cat.  Diurn.,  p.  356   (1871). 

Unlike  comyntas,  this  species  differs  considerably  in  size  from 
different  localities.  The  largest  forms  I  know  of  are  the  Campo 
(South  California)  race,  where  the  males  average  32  to  34 
mm.,  whilst  the  females  are  rather  smaller.  I  have  a  good  series 
from  San  Diego,  where  they  are  as  a  race  rather  smaller.  The 
Utah  specimens  (Spalding)  are  decidedly  smaller.  The  small- 
est race  appears  to  come  from  Aweme  (  Manitoba)  sent  me  by 
Mr.  Criddle  ;  they  average  24  mm.,  the  only  female  being  slight- 
ly larger;  those  from  High  River  (Alta)  are  rather  larger, 
from  Calgary  somewhat  larger  still,  from  Winnipeg  again  still 
slightly  larger,  the  largest  Canadian  forms  being  from  Quami- 
chan  Lake,  Vancouver,  which  are  about  the  same  size  as  those 
from  Utah. 

It  is  most  interesting  to  find  that  this  species  is  evidently  in 
a  period  of  active  evolution  and  appears  to  be  in  process  of  set- 
ting up  local  forms.  The  Campo  race  is  less  bright  in  its  blue 
color,  whilst  it  has  a  uniform  blue  female  with  broad  brown 
borders  and  with  a  marginal  spotted  row  in  the  secondaries. 


I5O  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

I  have  a  large  series  especially  of  females.  There  is  a  tendency 
in  the  males  also  to  develop  the  marginal  spotted  row,  though  it 
is  much  less  prominent  than  in  the  other  sex ;  this  is  also  notice- 
able in  Portola  specimens.  There  is  no  special  feature  in  the 
under  side  that  is  not  applicable  elsewhere.  The  San  Diego 
males  are  decidedly  deeper  in  tone  of  color.  I  have  only  three 
females  from  this  locality,  which  are  similar  though  perhaps 
brighter  than  the  Ca'mpo  form.  The  Utah  race  is  certainly 
brighter  in  its  blue  than  either  of  the  Californians,  whilst  the 
females  are  also  decidedly  brighter,  but  the  blue  suffusion  is 
smaller  in  area  and  the  ground  color  is  much  blacker;  on  the 
under  side  also  there  is  a  difference,  the  spotting  is  less  distinct, 
with  perhaps  rather  more  obsolescence.  With  one  exception 
there  is  little  difference  in  the  upper  side  color  in  Canadian  male 
specimens ;  the  females  are,  however,  dimorphic,  viz.,  brown 
and  suffused  with  blue.  Those  from  Manitoba  that  I  possess 
have  a  limited  suffusion  of  bright  blue,  the  ground  color  being 
almost  black.  I  have  four  largish  specimens  from  Fort  W-  — , 
Winnipeg  (I  have  been  quite  unable  to  obtain  the  name  of  Fort 
W-  -) ,  which  are  blackish  brown  with  a  very  slight  and  spare 
suffusion  of  dark  blue  scales  only  visible  in  a  good  light.  Cal- 
gary specimens  are  similar,  but  the  brown  is  less  dark,  whilst 
from  Quamichan  Lake,  Vancouver,  I  have  entirely  brown  fe- 
males, also  some  with  a  very  slight  suffusion  of  dark  blue  scales. 
The  under  side  of  all  these  specimens  differs  slightly  from  those 
obtaining  in  the  States ;  in  all  the  spots  are  greatly  reduced  in 
size,  and  in  a  considerable  number  the  spots  in  the  secondaries 
are  almost  obsolete,  in  some  quite  obsolete.  The  obsoletion  be- 
gins, as  in  comyntas,  with  the  spot  below  the  second  costal  spot, 
and  with  the  fourth  of  the  curved  row,  but  it  goes  beyond  this 
also,  for  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rockies  and  in  Vancouver  the 
prevalent  form  seems  to  be  that  with  more  or  less  spotless 
under  side  so  far  as  the  secondaries  are  concerned. 

The  one  exception  as  to  upper  side  color  that  I  have  already 
referred  to  calls  for  remark  in  more  ways  than  one.  Criddle's 
specimens  from  Aweme,  Manitoba,  are  those  in  question ; 
they  are  similar  to  the  European  coretas  in  color,  that  is,  they 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  151 

are  slightly  paler  and  perhaps  clearer  in  tone  of  color  than  the 
usual  form ;  they  are  also  the  smallest  form  I  know,  being, 
with  a  few  exceptions,  smaller  than  our  polisperchon,  the  spots 
below  are  visible  but  quite  minute  in  some,  whilst  in  others 
the  black  has  disappeared,  leaving  only  the  white  behind ;  there 
is  also  a  peculiar  snowy  hoariness  over  the  whole  under  side. 
There  is,  of  course,  this  tendency  with  all  forms  of  this  spe- 
cies, but  it  is  specially  prominent  in  this  small  form.  Perhaps 
the  most  interesting  point  of  all  is  the  fact  that  I  have  two 
specimens  that  agree  exactly  in  the  color  of  the  upper  side  with 
decolorata  Stgr.,  this  species  being  of  a  peculiar  grayish  blue 
-almost  as  much  gray  as  blue — a  form  that  obtains  in  Hun- 
gary and  the  Balkans  and  is  distinct  from  coretas  and  argiades. 
Staudinger  also  records  it  from  Ferghana  (Eastern  Turkestan) 
under  the  name  decolor.  He  describes  both  as,  "viridi-coeru- 
k'us."  I  have  only  been  able  to  make  one  preparation  of  the 
genitalia  of  the  latter,  but  this  inclines  me  to  believe  that  they 
are  the  same  species.  My  late  friend  (Dr.  Staudinger)  thought 
that  the  wide  divergency  of  habitat  with  no  connecting  link 
between  must  involve  a  specific  difference.  I  think,  however, 
that  this  is  not  the  case  and  that  decolorata  should  sink  to 
decolor  Stgr.  These  specimens  again  confirm  my  view  that,  as 
with  comyntas  so  with  amyntula,  we  have  a  development  of 
coretas,  not  of  argiades,  decolor  being  a  good  species  but 
nearer  the  former  than  the  latter.  The  under  side  of  these 
two  special  specimens  is  similar  to  the  others  from  Aweme. 
The  Calgary  form  has  been  said  to  be  very  specialized ;  I 
cannot,  however,  find  where  that  is  so.  It  is  true  I  have  but 
a  dozen  from  that  locality,  but  I  cannot  specialize  these  either 
from  outward  appearance  or  by  the  genitalia.  I  also  have  a 
dozen  specimens  from  the  High  River,  Alberta,  which  are 
quite  similar  to  my  Calgary  ones. 

All  my  correspondents  unite  in  saying  that  this  species  is 
generally  single-brooded,  the  reason  probably  being  that  the 
larvae  feed  on  Astragalus  crotalariae,  so  that,  if  they  only  eat 
the  seeds,  it  is  evident  that  there  can  be  but  one  brood  annu- 
ally. This  would  also  apply  if  during  the  early  stages  they 


152  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

fed  on  the  tender  leaves  or  flowers  but  required  the  seeds  in 
the  later  stadia.    This  is  the  method  that  obtains  with  argiades 
and  certain  others  of  the  Lycaenidae,  and  it  is  quite  possible 
to  be  the  habit  in  more  northern  localities,  where  it  is  not  an 
uncommon  species.    I  am  not  forgetful  of  Mr.  W.  G.  Wright's 
most  interesting  account  of  the  larvae  of  this  species  (Papilio, 
IV,  p.    126).     The   description   of   the   newly-hatched   larva, 
piercing  immediately  into  the  seed  pod  and  then,  after  a  short 
time,  sealing  up  its  entrance  and  making  it  water-tight,  is  of 
the  greatest  interest  and  no  doubt  applies  generally  to  the  Cali- 
fornian  race.     He  speaks,  however,  definitely  of  a  later  brood 
hibernating  probably  as  larvae.      (This  would  agree  with  the 
habits  of  our   European  argiades.)      Unfortunately  I   cannot 
make  out  whether  there  is  a  real  second  brood  or  not,  as  no 
dates  at  all  are  given.     In  Canada  the  general  consensus  of 
opinion  is  quite  definite  that  there  is  but  one  brood,  though  of 
course  it  is  possible  in  the  more  favored  climatic  conditions  of 
California  that  there  may  be  a  second  brood,  or  at  least  a 
partial  one.     Mr.  Wright  also  definitely  states  that  the  larvae 
are   not   myrmecophilous    and    that   they   actually    seemed   to 
shrink  from  the  touch  of  the  ant's  antennae.     Here  we  have 
also  a  close  similarity  of  habit  to  our  argiades  as,  though  Chap- 
man notes  a  honey  gland,   I   have  been  unable  to  trace  any 
record  of  their  association  with  those  insects. 

Turning  now  to  the  genitalia  we  find  the  highest  develop- 
ment in  the  Californian  specimens  and  this  has  taken  place  ir- 
respective of  size.  I  took  several  from  San  Diego  and  matched 
them  in  size  with  others  from  Utah,  Calgary  and  Vancouver, 
all  of  which  are  figured.  It  will  at  once  be  seen  that  the  Cali- 
fornian example  has  much  the  largest  prehensores,  and  this 
obtains  generally.  Those  from  Utah  are  next  in  dimensions 
(though  much  smaller  than  the  San  Diego  race),  but  they  are 
run  very  close  by  those  from  Vancouver,  whilst  the  Calgary 
specimens  are  well  the  smallest,  and  this  with  insects  practically 
of  the  same  size. 

In  the  Californian  specimens  the  clasps  are  very  large,  with  very 
long  hook-like  extremities,  the  apices  of  which  are  shagreened  very 
roughly  and  some  way  down  from  the  apex  itself.  This  shagreening 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  153 

or  spiculation  is  finer  and  less  extensive  in  argiadcs,  the  hooks  have  no 
sharp  curve  and  are  fine,  the  lower  soft  spatulate  extremity  is  longer 
and  narrower  than  in  the  European  insect,  and  is  also  very  finely  and 
closely  spiculed  with  an  abundant  supply  of  very  fine  shortish  hairs ; 
the  clasp  itself  is  long  and  broad,  being  of  a  fairly  even  oblong  shape ; 
the  fulcrum  (or  penis  guide)  is  proportionately  longer  so  as  to  reach  up 
to  the  top  edge  of  the  clasp.  The  tegumen  has  the  central  projection 
hollowed  so  as  to  form  a  sharpish  tooth  and  is  shouldered  (not  well 
shown  in  figure),  not  sloping  evenly  off  as  does  argiades,  whilst  the 
falces  (the  short  spikes,  generally  hooks,  just  below  the  tegumen)  are 
quite  fine,  in  marked  contrast  to  those  of  argiadcs.  The  aedoeagus  is 
also  of  the  coretas  shape,  viz.,  tapering  from  a  broad  base  not  nearly 
even  in  width,  as  in  figure  i. 

Comparing  this  with  the  Utah  figure  it  will  be  noticed  how  still  finer 
are  the  extremities  of  the  clasps,  going  yet  further  away  from  argiades, 
but  when  it  is  compared  with  the  Vancouver  figure  a  difference  will 
be  seen.  The  hook-like  extremities  are  shortened  in  the  latter ;  they 
are  of  the  same  shape  and  curve  as  amyiitula  and  our  European  coretas, 
but  not  so  long ;  in  this  there  is  a  slight  approach  to  argiades.  This 
also  applies  to  the  specimen  figured  from  Calgary,  but  not  to  the  same 
extent.  The  small  specimens  from  Aweme,  Manitoba,  have  append- 
ages that  are  essentially  of  the  coretas  type  in  all  particulars.  We 
therefore  have  in  North  America  an  interesting  position  in  the  evolu- 
tion of  species.  Argiades  does  not  remain,  but  it  has  apparently  left 
some  trace  behind  in  the  Vancouver  race  with  its  shorter  hook-like 
extremities  in  the  clasps,  though  in  no  other  particular ;  the  Manitoba 
specimens  are  coretas  so  far  as  their  genitalia  are  concerned,  though 
they  could  at  once  be  separated  by  their  color  and  pattern.  The  Cal- 
gary examples,  though  with  shorter  hook-like  extremities  than  is  the 
case  in  the  Utah  and  Californian  insects,  are  certainly  coretas  and  not 
argiadcs.  This  also  applies  to  specimens  from  Victoria,  B.  C,  whilst 
the  Southern  examples  have  developed  their  prehensores  far  away 
along  the  coretas  line  and  quite  apart  from  the  European  argiades.  The 
position  is  full  of  interest  and  will  need  further  investigation  later  on. 

We  now  come  to  the  relationship  of  comyntas  to  amyntitla. 
It  has  been  shown  from  the  genitalia  (of  which  I  give  three 
figures— one  from  Jamesburg,  Middlesex,  one  from  Michigan 
and  one  from  New  Mexico)  that  comyntas  is  distinct  from 
coretas,  though  allied  to  it.  The  falces  of  the  tegumen  are 
quite  different,  in  their  fine  hooked  extremities,  to  the  straight, 
small  spike  of  coretas  ( this  is  well  seen  in  the  figure  of  the 
Jamesburg  specimen),  whilst  of  course  the  insect  itself  is  very 
different  in  general  appearance.  The  genitalia  of  the  Michi- 


154  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

gan  insect  agree  with  those  from  Jamesburg,  but  those  from 
New  Mexico,  of  which  I  have  a  very  long  series  and  which 
are  certainly  comyntas,  approach  in  the  length  of  the  hooklike 
extremities  of  the  clasps  the  Californian  examples  of  amyntula 
and  also  in  the  straight  spike-like  falces  of  the  tegumen.  We 
thus  have  a  somewhat  similar  evolution  of  the  genitalia  going 
on  with  comyntas,  as  I  have  shown  to  be  the  case  with  amyn- 
tula, both  species  being  full  of  interest  from  this  point  of  view. 

From  the  facts  of  their  life-history  and  their  distribution,  as 
also  from  the  fact  of  their  flying  together  in  the  Mount  Shasta 
district,  together  with  the  differences  in  the  genitalia,  I  cannot 
conclude  otherwise  than  that  the  two  species  are  distinct  from 
each  other  and  that,  as  already  stated,  they  are  nearest  to 
coretas  and  not  to  argiades.  Amyntula  does  not  appear  to 
have  extended  its  range  far  to  the  East  and  in  this  respect 
differs  from  its  more  dominant  ally,  comyntas,  which  has 
spread  itself  right  across  the  American  continent  into  Califor- 
nia. Manitoba  and  the  western  side  of  Lake  Superior  appear 
to  be  its  eastern  limit,  at  least  I  can  trace  no  record  further 
east.  The  localities  other  than  those  already  named  are : 
Stoney  Mountain  near  Winnipeg  (Wallis)  ;  High  River,  Al- 
berta (Williams);  Lake  Kootenay,  Sicamus,  Penticton,  Ash- 
nota,  B.  C.  (all  Mrs.  Nicholl)  ;  Vancouver  (Day)  ;  Victoria, 
B.  C.,  California,  widely  distributed;  Utah  (common);  Colo- 
rado, Western  Montana,  Arizona,  Nevada. 

It  is  not  unlikely  that  some  records  may  have  escaped  my 
notice,  but  it  will  be  seen  that  amyntula  has  a  much  more  lim- 
ited range  than  comyntas,  especially  so  east  to  west.  Three 
local  races  of  amyntula  have  been  described,  viz.,  monica  from 
Southern  California,  tijua  Reakirt,  and  also  herrii  Grinnell. 
Mr.  Grinnell,  with  whom  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  a  short 
correspondence,  is  evidently  a  very  keen  observer,  but  I  think 
if  he  had  had  the  advantage  of  having  the  type  of  amyntula 
before  him  that  he  would  not  have  described  the  form.  My 
friend,  MT.  Oberthiir,  has  kindly  lent  me  his  type  of  this  spe- 
cies and  I  have  it  now  before  me,  so  that  I  can  compare  it 
accurately  with  the  description  of  the  variety.  The  differences 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  155 

relied  on  by  Mr.  Grinnell  are  the  width  of  the  border,  the  extra 
heaviness  of  the  under  side  pattern,  the  possession  of  only  two 
red  crescents  instead  of  five,  and  the  size  together  with  the 
tails.  Now  in  the  type  specimen  the  width  of  the  border  in  the 
male  is  a  full  half  millimeter,  and  the  type  itself  possesses  but 
two  red  crescents.  In  the  specimens  before  me  the  heaviness 
of  the  under  side  pattern  differs  extraordinarily,  as  does  also 
the  number  of  red  crescents,  and  as  I  have  already  said,  I  have 
females  with  quite  narrow  black  borders  to  their  wings.  The 
only  point  that  I  can  find  is  that  the  four  specimens  from  which 
the  description  was  taken  (obtained  at  Cochise  County,  Ari- 
zona) were  smaller  than  usual.  Except  for  this  I  could  match 
the  description  from  several  other  localities.  I  have  passed 
through  the  "lumping  stage"  long  ago  and  am  perhaps  given 
to  split  finely  at  times,  but  I  do  not  think  I  should  have  risked 
describing  this  on  the  slender  and  exceedingly  variable  dif- 
ferences relied  on  by  the  author.  They  are,  I  think,  insufficient 
for  an  aberration. 

Everes   monica    Reakirt    and    tijua    Reakirt. 

Evcres  monica.  Dyar.  List.  Bull.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  p.  45  (1902).  Tutt,  Brit. 
Butt,  iii,  p.  75  (1909). 

Lycaena  monica  Reakirt,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  Phil.,  p.  244  (1866). 
Strecker,  Lep.  Rhop.  and  Het.,  p.  82,  pi.  10,  f.  18  (1874);  Cat.  Macro. 
X.  Am.,  p.  91  (1878).  Edwards,  Cat.  Butt.  N.  Am.,  p.  65  (1884). 
Skinner,  N.  Am.  Rhop.,  p.  59  (1898).  Strecker,  Lep.  Rhop.  Het.  Suppl., 
p.  20  (1900).  Wright,  Butts.  West  Coast,  p.  230  (1905). 

Everes  tijua  Tutt.,  Brit.  Butt,  iii,  p.  75   (1909). 

Lycaena  tijua  Reakirt,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sc.,  Phil.,  p.  244  (1866).  Wright, 
Butt.  W.  Coast,  p.  230  (1905). 

These  are,  I  believe,  generally  accepted  now  as  being  syno- 
nyms and  it  appears  to  me  that  \Y.  G.  \Yright  is  correct  in 
separating  them  from  this  group— he  places  them  between 
arizoncnsis  and  isola.  The  insect  is  described  as  having  three 
transverse  lines  of  spots  between  the  cell  and  the  termen  in 
each  of  the  wings,  and  they  are  stated  to  be  rows  of  well-de- 
fined spots;  this  would  separate  it  from  comyntas  or  ainynfiila. 
It  does  not  appear  to  have  been  taken  again  since  it  was  de- 
scribed in  1866,  though  my  friend,  Mr.  W.  P.  Comstock,  tells 


156  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

me  he  has  a  specimen  from  San  Diego,  California,  answering 
well  to  the  description  and  figure.  Mr.  Wright  states  that  he 
has  not  much  faith  in  it.  It  is  unsatisfactory  to  leave  it  thus, 
and  if  the  type  could  be  obtained  for  one  of  the  big  American 
museums  a  good  service  would  be  done  thereby. 

EXPLANATION  OF   PLATE  V.    (Published   in  the   March   Issue). 

Male  genitalia  of  species  of  Everes. 

Fig.  i.    Everes  argiadcs.  profile  view. 

Fig.  2.     E.  coretas,  profile  view. 

Figs.  3-5.  E.  comyntas,  profile  view:  3,  Michigan;  4,  Fort  Wingate, 
New  Mexico,  note  the  extreme  size,  also  development  of  clasps ;  5, 
Jamesburg,  N.  Jersey,  semi-vertical  view. 

Figs.  6-10.  E.  amyntula,  profile  view:  6,  Utah;  7,  San  Diego,  Cali- 
fornia (note  the  large  size  of  the  genital  organs)  ;  8,  Calgary,  clasps 
profile,  tegumen  half  turned  around  showing  vertically ;  9,  Aweme, 
Manitoba,  semi-vertical  view ;  10,  Vancouver,  profile  view  (note  the 
somewhat  stouter  hooks  to  the  clasp,  being  in  this  respect  midway  be- 
tween argiadcs  and  coretas. 


Fragments    from    an    Entomological    Diary,    Texas, 
1904. — Appearance  of  Insects  in  Spring. 

By  A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland,  Aus- 
tralia. 

At  Sherman.  Texas,  January  29,  insects  were  dormant,  ex- 
cepting a  few  flies.  At  Houston,  on  the  following  day,  though 
warm  and  springlike  and  farther  south,  the  same  conditions 
prevailed,  a  few  flies  only  on  the  wing  and  active ;  a  cluster  of 
wasps  found  hibernating  under  the  loose  bark  of  a  dead  tree 
stump ;  they  could  walk  but  were  unable  to  fly ;  they  were 
Polistes.  At  Corpus  Christi,  February  first  and  second,  how- 
ever, insects  were  active — a  Diabrotica  (i2-punctata)  was 
feeding  upon  truck  crops,  an  acridid  was  flying  about  in  a  cab- 
bage patch  ;  moths  and  butterflies  were  seen  ;  yet  the  general  in- 
sect population  was  hibernating.  On  February  7,  at  Victoria, 
additional  species  of  butterflies  were  observed  in  the  after- 
noon; Diabrotica  \2-punctata  was  active,  but  Megilla  maculata 
was  hibernating  in  colonies  under  the  bark  of  trees.  At  Cor- 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  157 

sicana,  February  9,  hibernation  prevailed.  So  at  Paris,  Feb- 
ruary 12  but  on  February  153  butterfly  was  observed  on  the 
wing ;  on  the  twenty-third,  flies,  were  active,  also  bees  and  a 
general  movement  from  hibernation  commenced ;  moths,  ob- 
viously freshly  emerged,  were  noted  about  the  lights  of  the  city 
at  night.  Butterflies  were  also  flying.  On  the  twenty-fifth, 
Polistes  on  the  wing;  also  butterflies,  jassids,  acridids ;  Mcgilla 
maculata  still  hibernating;  ants  swarming;  Anasa  hibernating. 
Three  days  later,  cicindelids  were  observed  to  be  active  and  a 
Chilocorus;  on  March  I,  cerambycids,  chrysopids  and  cercopids 
were  noted ;  by  the  following  day,  fruit  trees  were  in  bloom 
generally  and  insects  now  much  more  noticeable ;  psyllids  were 
emerging  from  their  galls,  chalcids,  libellulids,  papilionids  on 
the  wing,  insects  numerous  at  lights  at  night. 

On  March  3,  it  was  much  colder  and  fires  felt  comfortable; 
insects  very  scarce  and  for  several  days  afterward,  the  cold 
continuing.  It  was  warmer  again  by  the  seventh  and  insects  re- 
appeared. Maldcosoma  hatching ;  Lachnosterna  and  Passalns 
recently  emerged ;  Diabrotica  noticed  for  first  time  here,  also 
tipulids.  The  maximum  temperature  on  the  tenth  was  71  deg. 
Fahr. ;  on  the  eleventh,  maximum  76  deg.,  minimum,  46  deg. 
The  twelfth  was  markedly  warmer,  the  maximum  reaching  89 
cleg.,  the  minimum  only  53  deg. ;  insects  were  noticeably  more 
abundant  than  formerly,  but  on  the  thirteenth  it  cooled  and 
again  there  was  a  marked  decrease  in  the  active  insects  seen. 
By  saying  it  cooled,  it  should  not  be  understood  that  the  maxi- 
mum temperature  was  much  lower ;  it  registered  on  the  thir- 
teenth 86  deg.,  the  minimum  47;  but  the  morning  was  much 
cooler  and  this  had  the  effect  of  keeping  insects  inactive.  The 
rest  of  the  month  the  highest  temperature  ranged  from  52  to 
84  deg.,  the  minimum  from  30  to  69.  By  the  seventeenth,  the 
Megilla  was  active  and  the  eggs  of  insects  commenced  to  hatch. 
On  March  26,  it  was  again  much  cooler,  and  insects  again  no- 
ticeably much  less  active ;  on  the  2Qth  there  were  high  south- 
erly winds,  which  had  the  same  effect  as  the  cold  but  when  it 
became  markedly  warmer  the  next  day,  though  the  wind  con- 
tinued, insect  activity  was  heightened. 


158  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [April, '13 

These  general  observations  show  how  gradual  is  the  com- 
mencement of  activity  in  insects  after  hibernation,  how  each 
kind  becomes  active  in  its  own  time,  and  how  even  within  a 
small  amount  of  latitude  there  is  a  wide  difference  in  times  of 
appearance  for  each  species.  The  effect  of  cold  spells  on  in- 
sect activity  is  also  shown.  In  Texas,  the  mean  temperature 
is  above  43  deg.  Fahr.  during  the  winter. 

In  Texas,  in  1904,  the  following  specific  observations  were 
noted;  Diabrotica  12-punctata  was  active  at  Corpus  Christi  on 
February  I,  at  Paris  not  until  March  7.  D.  vittata  was  not 
seen  at  Paris  until  March  17.  Mosquitoes  were  first  observed 
at  Paris  on  March  12,  but  did  not  become  noticeable  until 
April  25  ;  (according  to  Mr.  G.  H.  Searles  of  Paris  they  were 
very  numerous  and  annoying  at  Houston  on  March  20).  Lep- 
tinotarsa  lo-lineata  was  not  observed  at  Paris  until  March  23, 
its  larvae  not  until  May.  A  hemipteron  which  I  identified  as 
Blissus  leucopterus,  the  common  chinch-bug  of  cereals,  was 
noted  several  times — once  hibernating  (Feb.  27)  in  rubbish, 
edge  of  road  near  woods  and  under  a  stump  standing  in  a 
cornfield  (Paris),  and  a  second  time  captured  from  grass  at 
Paris  on  March  24 ;  it  was  noted  to  be  active  the  previous  day. 
A  species  of  Gryllus  did  not  become  adult  until  April  13, 
though  insect  activity  had  long  since  commenced.  Mcgilla 
maculata  De  Geer  was  found  hibernating  at  Paris  on  February 
25  ;  they  could  move.  They  were  not  observed  to  be  active  un- 
til March  17;  the  mean  temperature  on  the  former  date  could 
not  have  been  much  less  than  eight  degrees  lower  than  at  the 
March  date. 

Malacosoma  americanai  was  first  observed  in  the  eggstage  at 
Sherman,  January  29.  On  March  7  at  Paris,  the  fruit  trees  in 
general  bloom,  the  larvae  of  the  first  stage  were  present  and 
hatching  was  general.  On  March  27  at  Paris,  larvae  3  cm. 
long  were  noted  in  orchard  trees  and  on  March  31  the  larvae 
were  preparing  to  pupate,  since  large  ones  measuring  4  cm. 
were  found  wandering  about  by  themselves.  But  on  April  3, 
many  small  nests  were  found  along  roads  leading  out  from 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  159 

Paris,  and  the  larvae  in  them  were  usually  small,  only  a  few 
nearly  full-grown.  On  May  7  it  was  noted  that  the  larvae 
had  long  since  disappeared,  and  on  the  nth  an  adult  was  taken 
in  a  trap  lantern  at  Paris. 

Oikcticns  abbotii  was  taken  at  Corpus  Christi  and  what  ap- 
peared to  be  the  characteristic  bags  of  Thyridopteryx  ephcmcr- 
ae  for  in  is  were  found  at  Corsicana.  Anasa  tristis  was  taken 
hibernating  under  rubbish  near  a  cotton  field  at  Corsicana, 
February  9 ;  another  at  Paris  in  open  woods,  February  25,  and 
two  days  later  under  the  bark  of  fence  posts  around  cotton 
fields ;  it  was  not  noted  as  reproducing  and  active  until  in  May 
(Paris).  On  February  28,  Chilocorus  bivulnerus  was  taken, 
active,  at  Paris.  Papilio  was  first  seen  on  the  wing  at  Paris  on 
March  2,  but  noctuids  and  C 'alias  had  been  out  several  weeks ; 
Papilio  turnus,  freshly  emerged,  was  taken  on  March  10,  a 
Vanessa  on  March  12,  Thccla  and  Thanaos  on  the  fifteenth; 
turnus  again  on  March  24  and  27 ;  Anosia  ple.rippus  mating  on 
March  30,  its  eggs  on  April  2  and  first  stage  larva  on  April  13. 
Pontia  rapae  eggs  on  April  18,  very  abundant  on  cabbages. 

Calandra  granaria  was  found  at  Paris,  March  14,  on  ears  of 
corn  which  had  been  exposed  during  the  winter  at  Hetty ; 
they  were  active.  Lachnosterna  first  observed  on  March  7  at 
Paris  when  a  single  specimen  was  found  on  the  sidewalk ;  on 
April  6,  it  was  noticed  that  they  were  tolerably  common  at 
lights,  on  April  11  numerous,  and  abundant  on  April  18.  Cala- 
sama  calidum  was  taken  on  April  18,  and  scrutator,  May  4, 

both  at  light. 

*  — 

Change  in  Title. 

The  "Pomona  College  Journal  of  Entomology,"  which  has  been  pub- 
lisher! for  the  past  four  years,  is  to  be  continued  under  the  title  of 
The  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology. 

The  Journal  will  publish  papers  on  morphological,  systematic,  and 
economic  subjects,  with  general  as  well  as  technical  articles.  There 
will  be  short  articles,  reviews,  and  notes  of  general  zoological  interest. 
Although  the  publication  will  be  adapted  to  the  needs  and  conditions 
of  Southern  California,  its  subject  matter  will  be  of  interest  to  all 
zoologists  and  entomologists.  Subscription,  $1.00  a  year;  $1.25  to  for- 
eign countries.  Published  quarterly. — \Vn.i  IAM  A.  HILTON,  Acting  Ed- 
itor, Pomona  College,  Department  of  Zoology,  Claremont,  California, 
U.  S.  A. 


l6o  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  'T3 

New  Peruvian  Parasites  from  Hemichionaspis 

minor  (Hym.). 

By  E.  W.  RUST,  Assistant  Government  Entomologist,  Lima, 

Peru. 

For  the  past  year  the  writer  has  been  engaged  in  work  di- 
rected against  pests  of  the  native  or  tree-cotton  (Gossypium 
penvuianum)  in  the  Department  of  Piura,  northwestern  Peru. 
During  that  time  many  enemies  of  the  greatly  feared  plague 
known  as  "piojo  bianco"  (Hemichionaspis  minor  Mask.)  both 
parasitic  and  predaceous,  have  been  studied  and  of  the  former 
group  by  far  the  majority  belong  to  Aphelininae  and  Sig- 
niphorinae.  Several  of  these  forms  appear  to  be  new  to  science 
and  it  is  for  the  purpose  of  gaining  for  them  a  definite  name 
and  place  in  entomological  literature  that  this  short  paper  is 
written. 

Some  of  the  descriptions  are  from  material  reared  by 
Prof.  C.  H.  T.  Townsend,  Entomologist  to  the  Peruvian  Gov- 
ernment, to  whom  the  writer  is  deeply  indebted,  not  only  for 
the  above-mentioned  specimens,  but  equally  so  for  his  many 
helpful  suggestions  during  the  prosecution  of  this  work.  The 
remaining  descriptions  are  from  parasites  reared  by  the  writer, 
the  type  specimens  of  which  are  to  be  deposited  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum. 

Genus  PROSPALTELLA  Ashmead.  1904. 
Prospalta   (=Prospaltella*),  Howard;  described  in  "Insect  Life,"  1894— 

2  species — no  type  designated. 
ProspaUa    (=Pros[>altc!la},   Howard;   mentioned  in  "U.   S.  Tech.   Ser. 

No.  I,"  1895 — 2  species — no  type  designated. 
Prospalta    (=ProspaltcUa),    Ashmead;    mentioned    in    "Chalcidoidea," 

Jan.,   1904 — type  designated   as  mitrtfcldtii. 

Prospaltclla,  Ashmead;  proposed  in  "Proc.  Ent.   Soc.  Wash."   1904. 
Prospaltella,  Howard;  mentioned  in  "U.  S.  Tech.  Ser.  No.  12,  part  4," 

1907 — type  designated  as  aurantii. 

On  studying  this  genus  it  becomes  evident  that  the  generic 
description  was  drawn  up  from  the  species  murtfeldtii,  but  Dr. 
L.  O.  Howard,  in  his  "Revision  of  the  Aphelininae  of  North 
America"  (Technical  Series  No.  12,  Part  IV,  U.  S.  Bureau  of 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  l6l 

Entomology,  pg.  79,  1907)  cites  P.  aurantii  as  the  type.  How- 
ever, this  cannot  be  accepted,  for  W.  H.  Ashmead  in  the 
"Classification  of  the  Chalcid  Flies"  (Memoirs  of  the  Carnegie 
Museum,  Vol.  I,  No.  4,  p.  345,  1904,  designated  P.  murtfeldtii 
as  the  type  of  the  genus.  Previous  to  this,  the  writer  finds  no 
mention  of  a  type  species,  as  the  original  description  of  the 
genus  by  Dr.  Howard  (Insect  Life,  Vol.  VII,  p.  6,  1894)  is 
silent  on  the  subject,  as  is  also  a  subsequent  paper  (Technical 
Series  No.  i,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology,  p.  39,  1895). 
Therefore  Ashmead's  designation  of  murtfeldtii  as  the  type 
must  hold.  That  such  is  the  case  is  rather  unfortunate,  as  this 
species  is  rather  less  typical  of  the  genus,  as  now  known, 
than  is  P.  aurantii.  Moreover,  with  the  addition  of  the  species 
herein  proposed,  a  few  long-needed  changes  in  the  generic  de- 
scription become  more  apparent  than  ever. 

1.  First  joint  of  the  club  is  not  always  the  widest.     In  P. 
peruviana  sp.  nov.  the  second  joint  equals,  or  is  greater  than, 
the  first  in  width. 

2.  In  some  species  the  body  does  not  taper  "gradually  from 
tegulae  to  tip  of  abdomen."     This  gradual  tapering  may  be 
true  of  the  type  species,  P.  murtfeldtii,  but  it  is  not  the  case 
with   P.  peruviana  or  specimens   of  P.   aurantii  collected   in 
Peru,  in  which  the  sides  of  the  first,  or  longest,  segment  are 
nearly  parallel,  and  in  P.  berlesei  How.  the  abdomen  is  ac- 
tually wider  in  the  center  than  at  either  extremity. 

3.  Eyes  not  always  naked.     The  eyes  of  P.  peruviana  are 
distinctly  hairy,  as  can  be  seen  in   fresh  specimens  with  the 
16  mm.  objective,  or  in  balsam  mounts  with  the  4  mm.  objec- 
tive.    The  eyes  of  P.  quercicola  How.  are  also  mentioned  as 
being  faintly  hairy,  in  the  description  of  that  species  (Annals 
Entomological  Society  of  America,  Vol.  I,  p.  282,  1908). 

Prospaltella  peruviana  sp.  nov. 

I'l-nuilc. — Length,  0.75  mm. ;  greatest  length  of  fore  wing,  0.6  mm. 
Differs  from  P.  aurantii  How.  to  which  it  is  closely  related,  as  follows: 
Body  slightly  larger.  Funicle  joints  i,  2  and  3  increasing  gradually 
and  uniformly  in  both  length  and  diameter.  Fore-wings  broader, 
slightly  longer,  not  so  slender  and  with  a  more  pronounced  outward 


1 62  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

bend  distad  of  stigmal  vein,  thus  making  distal  half  of  wing  broader 
in  proportion  to  length  than  in  P.  aurantii.  General  color  darker,  being 
dark  brownish  yellow  on  thorax  with  brown  abdomen ;  scutellum  in 
life,  pale-greenish  with  a  suggestion  of  yellowish  which  in  mounts  be- 
comes decidedly  yellowish;  legs  honey-yellow.  Fore- wings  with  dilute 
fuscous  area  covering  disc  below  fuscous  marginal  vein. 
Male.. — Unknown. 

Described  from  2  female  specimens  reared  by  Prof.  C.  H.  T. 
Townsend  from  Hemichionaspis  minor  Mask,  on  cotton,  Mai- 
lares,  May  25,  1910,  and  Macacara,  Aug.  5,  1910.  (both  Dept.  of 
Piura).  Balsam  mounts. 

Type  specimen  on  slide  labeled  Macacara,  Aug.  5,  'ro. 

This  species  has  since  been  collected  in  great  numbers  both 
at  Lima  and  all  through  the  Department  of  Piura.  In  life 
its  strikingly  noticeable  green  scutellum  distinguishes  it  at  a 
glance  from  other  species,  although  it  seems  to  be  somewhat 
intermediate  between  P.  aurantii  and  P.  berlesei;  resembling 
the  former  in  general  wing  and  body  characters  and  the  latter 
in  antennal  structure,  except  for  the  short  first  funicle  joint 
which  alone  would  distinguish  it  from  closely  allied  species. 

Genus  SIGNIPHORA  Ashmead,  1880. 

With  regard  to  numbers,  this  genus  is  very  well  represented 
in  Peru,  the  individuals  being  plentiful  in  various  coccids,  es- 
pecially in  Pseudaonidia  sp.  and  Hemichionaspis  'minor.  To 
date,  however,  only  two  species  have  been  recognized,  one  of 
which  is  new  and  is  described  below ;  the  other  differing  from 
the  original  description  to  such  an  extent,  in  some  cases,  that 
the  following  points  have  been  noted  at  various  times : 

Signiphora  occidentalis  How. 

Specimens  of  this  species  collected  in  various  parts  of  Peru 
vary  greatly  in  coloration.  Some  agree  exactly  with  the 
original  description  of  the  species  (Insect  Life  Vol.  IV,  No.  3 
[1894]  p.  235)  while  others  show  more  yellow  than  the  species 
is  credited  with.  In  the  original  description  the  head  is  spoken 
of  as  dark  brown,  but  the  writer  has  before  him  specimens  of 
both  sexes  otherwise  typical,  in  which  the  head  and  antennae 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  163 

are  almost  wholly  yellow,  being  touched  with  light  brown  only 
upon  the  vertex.  Other  female  specimens  show  the  pronotum 
with  only  a  spot  of  brown  near  its  center,  the  rest  being  lemon- 
yellow,  and  with  the  whole  metanotum  of  the  latter  color. 
Some  male  specimens  differ  from  the  original  description  in 
having  the  scutellum  bright  lemon-yellow,  all  gradations  be- 
tween the  two  having  been  met  with  in  Peruvian  material. 

The  above  observations  were  made  from  both  balsam  and 
dry  mounts,  and  tend  to  show  that  the  original  description 
fixed  the  coloration  of  this  species  a  little  too  closely  (probably 
owing  to  the  small  number  of  specimens  on  which  the  descrip- 
tion was  based)  and  that  the  ratio  of  yellow  to  brown  really 
varies  quite  widely  among  the  different  individuals  of  the 
species. 

Signiphora  lutea  sp.  nov. 

Female. — Length,  0.65  mm. ;  greatest  length  of  wing,  0.5  mm.  exclu- 
sive of  cilia.  Antennal  scape  robust,  reaching  to  middle  of  eyes ;  pedi- 
cel large,  stout,  two-thirds  as  long  as  scape,  and  about  the  same  width ; 
funicle  joints  I,  2  and  3  very  small,  increasing  slightly  in  diameter  from 
I  to  3,  joint  3  being  from  two  to  three  times  length  of  joint  I  and 
joint  2  intermediate  in  length  between  joints  I  and  3;  together  they 
are  rather  less  than  one-third  length  of  pedicel,  and  the  largest  is  only 
one-half  the  diameter  of  pedicel  at  its  thickest  part;  club  a  trifle  more 
than  twice  length  of  pedicel,  long-oval  in  side  view  and  nearly  twice 
as  wide  as  pedicel,  when  seen  from  above  it  is  of  same  width  as  funi- 
cle joint  3,  with  parallel  sides.  Club  sparsely  longitudinally  striated. 
Marginal  vein  with  6  strong,  prominent  bristles,  sub-marginal  vein 
with  one  and  stigmal  vein  with  one.  All  wing  veins  fuscous;  fore- 
wings  with  fuscous  patch  covering  all  the  disc  below  marginal  and 
stigmal  veins.  Hind  wings  as  in  S.  occidentalis. 

Middle  tibiae  with  two  external  spines  near  base  and  one  near  tip. 
I  lead  deep  lemon-yellow  often  tinged  with  brown  on  vertex;  antennae 
lemon-yellow  at  base  shading  through  fuscous  into  brown  at  tip  of 
rlub;  eyes  very  dark-red,  almost  black;  ocelli  dark-red;  mouth  parts 
light-brown,  mandibles  black-tipped.  Thorax  lemon  to  canary  yellow 
except  for  brown  pronotum  and  front  margin  of  mesonotum,  three 
minute  black  dots  on  each  side  near  insertion  of  wings.  Abdomen 
generally  slightly  darker  than  thorax,  with  a  varying  band  of  brown 
on  cephalic  portion.  This  brown  band  may  vary  in  size  from  wide, 
covering  the  first  three  abdominal  segments,  to  linear,  or  even  dis- 


164  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

appear.     Small  black  spot  on  each  ovipositor-sheath  near  its  insertion, 
tip  of  same,  brown.     Legs  yellow. 

Male. — Aside  from  sexual  characters,  resembles  female  except  in 
being  rather  smaller,  more  slender  and  having  a  brown  patch  on  each 
side  of  the  median  line  of  the  penultimate  abdominal  segment. 

Described  from  many  male  and  female  specimens  reared 
during  1910-1912  in  the  Dept.  of  Piura,  Peru,  and  at  Lima, 
Peru,  from  H.  minor  and  Pseudaonidia  sp.  on  various  hosts, 
principally  cotton  and  citrus.  Both  dry  and  balsam  mounts. 

Type   on   slide  labeled   A,    163°   3a.    Saman    (Dept.    Piura) 
1 2-22-' ii — Rust 

NEOSIGNIPHORA  gen.  nov. 

Differing  from  Signiphora  in  that  body  is  larger  and  more 
slender.  Antennae  7-jointed,  counting  scape  as  one  joint,  al- 
though it  is  really  composed  of  two  joints,  the  first  of  which 
may  not  articulate  with  head  but  which  shows  a  distinct  suture. 
Scape  long  and  moderately  slender,  first  joint  nearly  one-half 
as  long  as  second  and  a  little  more  slender ;  pedicel  large  and  ro- 
bust;  funicle  4-jointed  and  quite  small;  club  very  long  and 
slender,  undivided  and  with  several  longitudinal  keels.  Mandi- 
bles tridentate.  Eyes  naked.  Sub-marginal  vein  of  fore-wing 
nearly  twice  as  long  as  marginal.  Apical  spur  of  middle  tibiae 
scarcely  two-thirds  as  long  as  first  tarsal  joint. 

Type,  N.  nigra,  sp.  nov. 

Neosigniphora  nigra  sp.  nov. 

Female. — Length,  0.8  mm. ;  greatest  length  of  wing,  0.55  mm.  ex- 
clusive of  cilia.  Antennal  scape  moderately  slender,  reaching  almost 
to  top  of  eyes,  pedicel  a  little  longer  than  first  scape  joint  and  much 
more  robust,  being  of  a  diameter  equal  to  half  its  length;  funicle  joints 
i,  2,  3  and  4  increasing  gradually  in  diameter,  the  first  being  very 
small  and  the  fourth  of  nearly  two-thirds  the  diameter  of  club;  funicle 
joints  I,  2  and  3  subequal  in  length,  joint  4  from  two  to  three  times 
as  long  as  any  of  the  other  three ;  club  very  long  and  slender  tapering 
to  a  point,  as  long  as  scape,  pedicel  and  funicle  joints  together  and 
(when  seen  in  broad  outline)  two-and-one-half  times  as  wide  as  scape, 
or  a  little  wider  than  pedicel ;  slightly  crescent-shaped.  Marginal  vein 
with  5  strong  bristles,  sub-marginal  with  two,  stigmal  with  one.  Mid- 
dle femora  with  strong  spine  near  tip  on  inner  side.  Middle  tibiae 
with  two  spines  on  outside  at  base  and  one  n«ar  tip. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  165 

Color:  Head  (except  vertex)  dark  brown,  vertex  deep  brownish- 
yellow,  eyes  black,  ocelli  dark-red ;  mesonotum  and  metanotum  brown- 
ish-yellow ;  rest  of  thorax  and  abdomen  (lark  brown  ;  legs  mostly  whit- 
ish except  for  a  brown  cloud  over  the  upper  half  of  the  tibiae  and  the 
lower  part  of  the  femora;  wing  veins  fuscous;  fore-wings  with  just  a 
suggestion  of  an  indefinite  fuscous  band  in  center  of  wing  parallel  to 
the  marginal  and  sub-marginal  veins. 

Male. — Unknown. 

Described  from  ten  female  specimens  reared  by  Prof.  C.  H. 
T.  Townsend  from  H.  minor  on  cotton  from  Chaquira,  Dept. 
of  Piura,  Peru,  Aug.  9  and  10,  1910.  Five  slides,  balsam 
mounts. 

Type  specimen,  one  of  three  on  slide  labeled:  Chaquira  Aug. 
lo-'io — T. 

Prof.  Townsend  notes  the  following  from  live  specimens: 
"Fresh  specimens  show  the  head  inflated  and  with  whole  of 
wide  front  light  yellow ;  a  little  of  face  is  yellow,  but  broad 
cheeks  are  blackish ;  prothoracic  scutum  with  silvery  anterior 
margin,  pale  yellow  posteriorly-directed  inwardly-oblique 
lateral  border,  and  two  light  yellow  fasciae  immediately  behind 
same  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  black  hair-line,  the 
binder  one  much  the  wider.  Rest  of  thorax  and  all  of  abdo- 
men shining  black." 

In  this  genus  we  have  what  appears  to  be  a  two-jointed 
scape.  The  first  joint  may  or  may  not  be  movable,  but  it  is  at 
least  separated  from  the  head  by  a  distinct  suture.  The  writer 
has  noted  this  peculiarity  in  other  genera,  particularly  in  Signi- 
phora,  and  Prof.  Townsend  'notes  it  in  some  undescribed 
species  from  the  montana  of  Peru.  As  yet  no  literature  has 
been  found  upon  this  subject  which  is  one  which  should  be  in- 
vestigated by  those  interested  in  this  and  allied  groups  of  the 
superfamily. 


Monograph    of   Aleocharinae.    (Coleop.). 

We  learn  through  the  Pomona  Journal  of  Entomology  that  Dr.  A 
Fenyes,  of  Pasadena,  Cal.,  is  monographing  the  Aleocharinae  (Sta- 
phylinidae)  for  the  Genera  Inscctorum. 


l66  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April, '13 

A  New  Signiphora  from  Queensland,  Australia 

(Hym.). 

By   A.    A.    GIRAULT,    Nelson  (Cairns),     North     Queensland, 

Australia. 

The  following  new  species  was  captured  too  late  to  be  in- 
cluded in  my  monograph  of  the  subfamily  Signiphorinae,  now 
in  course  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  United 
States  National  Museum.  I  also  record  another  species  new 
to  the  fauna  of  the  continent.  The  new  species  is  the  twenty- 
eighth  of  the  genus. 

Genus  SIGNIPHORA  Ashmead. 
1.     Signiphora  reticulata  new  species. 

Normal  position. 

Female. — Length  0.80  mm.     Moderate  in  size  for  the  genus. 

Black,  the  head  and  thorax  dark  metallic  green,  the  wings  perfectly 
hyaline,  with  no  proximal  fumation.  Venation,  legs  and  antennae 
brownish  black.  Proximal  three  tarsal  joints  and  much  of  the  ceph- 
alic tibia,  yellow.  Mesonotum  and  vertex,  finely,  transversely  lined. 
Abdomen,  the  rectangular  (wider  than  long)  scutellum,  the  trans- 
verse mesopostscutellum  and  the  triangular  propodeum  all  similarly, 
distinctly  polygonally  reticulated.  Discal  bristle  absent.  Stigmal  vein 
conical.  Marginal  fringes  of  the  fore  wing  very  short,  those  of  the 
posterior  wings  slightly  longer,  the  latter  wings  very  broad,  where 
widest  full  three-fourths  the  width  of  the  fore  wings.  Antennal  club 
conic-ovate  and  moderate  in  length. 

Male. — Not  known. 

Described  from  a  single  female  specimen  mounted  in  bal- 
sam and  captured  with  the  sweeping  net  in  a  forest  near  Ayr, 
O.,  November  6,  1912.  (From  2-3-inch  objective,  i-inch  optic, 
Bausch  and  Lomb.). 

Habitat:  Australia — Ayr,  Queensland. 

Type:  No.  Hy.  1281,  Queensland  Museum,  Brisbane,  the 
foregoing  specimen  in  xylol-balsam. 

Belongs  to  the  nigra  group  and  to  that  section  of  it  where  the 
marginal  fringes  of  the  fore  wing  are  very  short.  Closely  allied 
with  the  Australian  species  corinna  Girault  (description  still  in 
MS.  in  the  monograph  mentioned)  from  which  it  differs  in 
bearing  hyaline  wings,  narrower  fore  wings  and  in  being  much 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  167 

less    robust.     The    species     funeralis     has     decidedly     longer 
marginal  fringes  and  its  wings  are  deeply  fumated  throughout. 

2.  Signiphora  aspidioti  Ashmead. 

I  have  captured  two  specimens  of  this  species,  heretofore 
known  from  Mexico  only,  at  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queens- 
land, Australia;  a  female  from  a  window,  August  3,  1912,  and 
another  specimen  of  the  same  sex  in  the  same  place,  Octobei 
9,  1912.  The  capture  was  made  in  a  township  area. 

3.  Signiphora  australiensis  Ashmead. 

A  female  specimen  of  this  species  was  taken  from  a  window 
at  Proserpine,  Queensland,  November  2,  1912.  The  propo- 
deum  is  delicately  polygonally  reticulated. 


Observations  on  Buprestidae  at  Southern  Pines, 
North  Carolina  (Coleop.)* 

By  ABRAM  HERBERT  MANEE,  Southern  Pines,  N.  C. 

Chalcophora  virginiensis  Drury. 

In  October  an  occasional  specimen  on  young  pines  probably 
feeding.  December  to  March,  under  pine  straw  at  foot  of  large 
pines  mostly  on  north  side  of  trees.  April  and  May,  mates  and 
oviposits  on  fallen  or  standing  freshly  dead  pines.  Quite 
abundant. 

Chalcophora  georgiana  Lee. 

October  and  November,  many  fresh  specimens  feeding  on 
needles  of  young  pines.  Must  hibernate,  but  I  cannot  find  their 
haunts.  From  late  March  to  June,  very  abundant  on  young 
pines,  where  they  mate  and  feed  among  the  needles.  Probably 
oviposits  in  dead  spots  of  living  pines.  More  abundant  than 
virgimensis. 

Dicerca  pugionata  Germ. 
Five  specimens  taken  viii~7-'i2  on  black  alder. 

Dicerca  obscura  Fab. 

Late  March  through  April,  abundant  on  trunk  and  limbs  of 
persimmon ;  later  occasionally  on  leaves  of  persimmon  saplings. 
In  autumn  old  dull  forms  on  persimmon  and  rarely  hibernates 
under  loose  bark.  Fresh  spring  specimens  have  a  whitish 


l68  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

bloom  easily  lost  in  poison  jar  or  capsule,  but  which  may  be 
preserved  by  very  dry  killing  and  immediate  mounting.  Nearljy 
all  specimens  are  wide  and  dull  blackish,  but  a  rare  winter 
form  is  narrow  and  coppery. 

Dicerca  spreta  Gory=  americana  Hbst. 

Late  winter  under  loose  bark  of  large  deciduous  trees.  Rare. 

Dicerca  punctulata  Sch. 

In  early  November,  very  rarely  among  needles  of  young 
pines ;  in  December,  under  pine  straw  or  at  base  of  living  lob- 
lolly pines  or  in  shaggy  bark  of  living  long  leaf  pines.  The  new 
sub-species  pinorum,  -Casey,  occurs  with  punctulata  and  is  dis- 
tinguished by  connected  thoracic  striae,  wider  elytra,  and 
coarser  ventral  punctures.  Both  forms  are  dull  reddish  brown 
with  whitish  bloom. 

Buprestis  rufipes  Oliv. 

One  specimen  vi~3O-'o5  flew  to  person  at  edge  of  wood.  One 
specimen  sent  from  ten  miles  west.  Two  right  wings. 

Buprestis  lineata  Fab. 

June  to  late  July  on  blasted  pines,  occasionally  on  pine  logs. 

Buprestis  fasciata  Fab. 
Very  rare,  in  lowlands  July  to  late  August. 

Buprestis  striata  Fab. 

October  27  and  November  22,  split  out  fresh  imagines  from 
pitch  pine  cordwood,  at  the  latter  date  also  some  pupae  and 
larvae;  from  late  March  to  early  April,  among  needles  of 
young  long-leaf  pines,  probably  feeding;  mid-April  to  early 
May,  rather  active  and  often  above  reach  on  denuded  trunks  of 
blasted  pines  where  they  mate  and  oviposit. 

Buprestis  decora  Fab. 

Larva  and  imagines  split  out  of  rotted  pine  railway  ties  in 
late  October;  in  December,  from  warmth  of  woodbox  may 
leave  its  fuel  home;  from  mid-March  to  early  May,  among 
needles  of  young  long-leaf  pines,  probably  feeding ;  in  May,  on 
denuded  trunks  of  dead  and  semi-decadent  pines ;  an  occasional 
stray  specimen  in  June. 

Note.  Striata  and  decora  remain  in  the  wood  as  imagines 
from  late  October  to  spring,  decora  emerging  about  March 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  169 

1st,  striata  in  early  April.  Striata  seeks  pine  in  its  second  year 
of  death,  decora  prefers  pine  more  nearly  rotted,  lincata  desires 
pine  in  first  death  year,  apricans  oviposits  exclusively  in  cracks 
of  dry  dead  spots  or  blazes  of  large  living  long  leaf  pines. 

Buprestis  apricans  Hbst. 

Late  March  to  early  April,  among  needles  of  young  long- 
leaf  pines,  probably  feeding;  mid-April  to  mid-May,  on  dead 
blaze  of  big  living  long-leaf  pines.  This  is  the  favored  locality 
of  this  large  and  very  choice  borer. 

Melanophila  notata  Lap.  and  Gory. 

Only  one  specimen  in  six  years,  then  on  June  27,  1911,  took 
38  at  blazing  pine  stump  as  they  flew  to  our  clothes  or  rested 
in  white  ashes  or  on  nearby  wood.  Of  these,  20  were  gold- 
spotted,  16  were  immaculate  and  2  were  very  small,  immaculate 
and,  as  I  at  once  saw,  a  distinct  species.  F.  Blanchard  thought 
this  near  opaca  and  probably  new.  H.  C.  Fall  thinks  it  near 
longipes  and  perhaps  new.  June  to  August,  1912,  took  more 
notata  at  burning  pine  and  learned  that  natives  call  them  "fire 
bugs,"  believing  them  to  actually  come  from  the  fire  and  to  con- 
tain such  heat  as  to  burn  the  skin  should  they  rest  upon  it.  It 
is  probably  drawn  by  the  scent  of  burning  pitch.  As  it  alights 
on  a  black  stump  one  would  think  its  generic  name  fitting  to 
that  habit  as  well  as  to  its  own  color,  yet  it  as  readily  seeks 
white  ashes  or  a  white  shirt.  Both  forms  of  notata  vary  m 
size  from  7  mm.  to  13  mm.,  but  every  specimen  is  either  en- 
tirely unmarked  or  distinctly  marked,  though  the  marks  may 
vary  from  two  to  full  number. 

Melanophila  sp.  ? 

Two  specimens  vi-27-'ii  as  mentioned  above.  Length  7  mm. 
Slightly  wider  and  more  rotund  than  notata  of  same  length. 
Sculpture  of  thoracic  and  elytral  bases  less  pronounced  than  in 
notata.  Greatest  width  of  thorax  at  first  third,  while  in  notata 
it  is  medial  or  post  medial. 

Melanophila  Carolina  Blancliarcl  MS.,  n.  sp. 

Four  specimens  taken  among  needles  of  young  long  leat 
pines,  two  in  June,  1910,  one  vii-i8-'ii,  one  vii-i9-'n.  See  be- 
low. 


170  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [April,  '13 

Anthaxia  cyanella  Gory. 
Two  specimens,  May. 

Anthaxia  quercata  Fab. 

May ;  not  uncommon  on  small  oaks. 

Anthaxia  flavimana  Gory. 

May  and  June ;  not  common  on  young  pines. 

Chrysobothris  floricola  Gory. 

April,  May,  September,  October;  not  uncommon  in  foliage 
of  young  long-leaf  pines  but  very  shy  and  active. 

Chrysobothris  dentipes  Germ. 

Late  April  to  mid-July,  common  and  active   on    fresh   pine 
logs. 

Chrysobothris  pusilla  Lap.  &  Gory. 

May,  June,  not  common  in  foliage  of  young  long-leaf  pines. 

Chrysobothris  chrysoela  111. 

Early  April,  on  twigs  of  persimmon.  Very  rare. 

Chrysobothris  harrisii  Hentz. 

Early  June,  on  black  alder.    Very  rare. 

Acmaeodera  ornata  Fab. 

Late  March  or  early  April  on  dog- wood  blossoms.    Very 
rare. 

Acmaeodera  pulchella  Hbst. 

June,   July,   on   blossoms   of    primrose    and    other    yellow 
flowers.    Not  common. 

Acmaeodera  culta  Web. 

Late  March  and  April,  on  dog-wood  blossoms,  later  on  black- 
berry.   Very  common. 

Eupristocerus  cogitans  Web. 

Late  May,  on  black  alder.    Rare. 

Agrilus  ruficollis  Fab. 

Late  May  to  late  July,  on  blackberry.   Not  common. 

Agrilus  bilineatus  Web. 
Two  specimens,  April. 

Agrilus  vittaticollis  Rand. 
One  specimen. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS. 

Agrilus  granulatus  Say. 

One  specimen  on  black  alder. 

Agrilus  politus  Say. 
June,  July,  abundant  on  willow. 

Agrilus  egenus  Gory. 

Mid-April  to  mid-May,  on  foliage  of  dog-wood. 

Taphrocerus  gracilis  Say. 

Mid-May,  not  common  on  low  oak  bush. 

Brachys  ovata  Web. 

March  to  late  summer,  on  leaves  of  oak.  Exceedingly  abund- 
ant.    Lives  in  leaves  of  oak,  splitting  the  leaf  as  it  feeds,  pu- 
pates in  leaf  in  February  and  becomes  imago  in  leaf  in  early 
March. 
Brachys  aerosa  Melsh. 

May,  June,  on  oak.  Rare. 
Pachyscelus  laevigatus  Say. 

June,  not  uncommon  on  a  low  thin-leaved  milky  weed. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  NEW  SPECIES. 
Melanophila  Carolina  Blanchard  MS.,  n.  sp. 

As  the  late  Mr.  Blanchard  left  this  manuscript  name  unpub- 
lished, I  will  attempt  a  description  which  must  not  interfere 
with  Blanchard's  authorship. 

Length  6.3  mm.,  width  2.5  mm.;  sub-cylindrical;  face  crinkly-punc- 
tate ;  thorax  densely  but  not  coarsely  punctulate.  unsculptured,  very 
rotund  at  sides  to  near  basic  third  where  from  beneath  it  slopes  in  an 
incurved  edge  to  point  of  broad  basic  spur,  or  spear-point ;  upper  aspect, 
sides  rounding  to  basic  third  whence  it  is  parallel  to  near  point  of 
spur ;  elytra  densely  and  coarsely  punctulate,  broadly  and  deeply  in- 
dented at  shoulder,  plump  and  smoothly  rounding  to  below  mid-costae, 
sides  nearly  parallel  to  middle  whence  after  a  slight  widening  they 
slope  to  the  rounded  tips ;  color,  bright  metallic,  beneath  cupreous  run- 
ning to  dark  green  on  ventral  segments,  above,  head  and  thorax  red- 
dish cupreous,  elytra  olive,  one  specimen  steel  blue;  male  claspers  with 
four  or  five  fine  hairs  curving  inwardly  and  backwardly. 

Southern  Pines,  North  Carolina.  Four  specimens  as  above 
stated;  one  in  the  Blanchard  collection,  one  with  Col.  Wirt 
Robinson,  one  is  owned  by  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke,  the  fourth  is 
in  the  cabinet  of  the  author. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

Some  Sources  of  Laboratory  Material  for  Work  on 
the  Relation  of  Insects  to  Disease.* 

By  WILLIAM  A.  RILEY,  Cornell  University ,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

The  great  discoveries  during  the  past  twelve  or  fifteen  years 
regarding  the  relation  of  insects  to  disease  have  made  it  im- 
perative that  departments  of  entomology  be  prepared  to  give 
at  least  elementary  instruction  along  this  line.  When  one 
undertakes  to  outline  some  such  work  the  question  of  securing 
material  immediately  arises. 

There  is  comparatively  little  difficulty  in  obtaining  various 
parasitic  mites  and  ticks,  lice  and  bugs,  house-flies,  mosquitoes, 
and  fleas,  in  their  different  stages,  and  it  is  important  that  such 
should  be  available  for  laboratory  study.  Very  much  zest  and 
value  can  be  added  to  the  work  if  there  be  available  also  some 
of  the  parasitic  protozoa  and  worms  which  are  transferred  by 
arthropods,  but  there  is  usually  the  feeling  that  these,  with  the 
exception  of  the  human  malarial  parasite,  are  tropical  forms 
and  beyond  reach.  When  one  investigates  conditions,  how- 
ever, he  finds  that  even  in  our  Northern  States  there  is  a  sur- 
prising variety  of  forms  which  may  be  utilized  to  great  ad- 
vantage. It  is  for  the  purpose  of  calling  attention  to  some  of 
these  and  getting  the  experience  of  others  that  I  have  chosen 
this  topic. 

We  do  not  have  the  fly-borne  germ  of  the  nagana  or  of  the 
dread  sleeping  sickness,  but  we  do  have  the  first  discovered 
trypanosome  of  warm-blooded  animals — the  Trypanosoma 
lezvisi  of  the  brown  rat.  This  parasite  is  transferred  by  the  rat 
flea  and  louse.  For  practical  purposes  it  is  more  valuable  for 
laboratory  study  than  any  other  of  the  genus,  and  certainly 
shows  all  the  detail  that  would  be  desired.  It  is  practically 
cosmopolitan  in  distribution  and  has  been  found  in  this  country 
at  least  in  Detroit,  Lincoln,  Philadelphia,  Ann  Arbor,  Madi- 
son, San  Francisco,  Urbana,  Baltimore  and  Ithaca.  It  may  be 
transferred  from  rat  to  rat — white  or  brown — by  the  crudest 
of  injections  and  thus  kept  for  laboratory  study.  If  one  has 

*Contribution  from  the  Entomological  Laboratory,  Cornell  Univer- 
sity. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  173 

the  necessary  equipment  for  bacteriological  work  and  the  skill 
he  may  keep  artificial  cultures  by  the  method  first  perfected  by 
MacNeal  and  Novy,  '03. 

It  should  not  be  forgotten  that  the  first  trypanosome  de- 
scribed and  the  type  of  the  genus  was  found  by  Gruby,  in 
1843,  m  the  blood  of  the  frog.  This,  or  a  very  closely  related 
species,  is  not  rare  in  frogs  in  this  country,  and  on  account  of 
its  comparatively  enormous  size  is  a  striking  object  for  demon- 
stration. Other  species  arc  to  be  met  with  in  the  blood  of 
fishes  and  reptiles. 

Closely  related  to  the  Trypanosomes  are  certain  flagellated 
parasites  of  the  alimentary  canal  of  insects.  The  most  common 
of  these  are  CritJiidia  mclophagia,  which  is  found  in  practically 
all  sheep  ticks,  and  Herpetomonas  muscac  domesticae  which  is 
very  common  in  the  house-fly.  It  is  claimed  by  some  that  the 
first  of  these  is  a  stage  in  the  development  of  a  blood  parasite 
of  the  sheep.  Whether  that  is  true  or  not  both  forms  are  of 
interest  as  parasitic  protozoa  of  insects. 

The  complicated  life-cycle  of  the  malarial  parasite  is  not 
readily  comprehended  by  a  student  who  has  had  no  training  in 
protozoology  and  hence  I  find  it  very  helpful  to  introduce  this 
subject  by  the  study  of  a  comparatively  simple  sporozoon,  and 
by  the  examination  of  some  of  the  larger  haemosporidia. 

The  most  satisfactory  and  readily  available  form  for  intro- 
ductory work  is  a  species  of  Monocystis  from  the  seminal 
vesicles  of  the  earthworm.  Practically  every  worm  is  infested, 
though  the  larger  ones  are  more  easily  examined  by  beginning 
students.  I  have  never  failed  to  find  during  a  practicum  the 
immature  trophozoites  within  the  sperm  morulae,  motile  tro- 
phozoites,  encysted  gametocytes,  cysts,  spores  and  mature 
sporozoites. 

Of  the  Haemogregarinidae,  one  of  the  first  discovered  was 
/ .(inkestcrclla  ranarum  (better  known  as  Drepanidiwm  ninar- 
um),  which  was  found  by  Lankester  in  1872.  This  is  fairly 
common  in  frogs  at  Ithaca  and  in  those  which  I  have  had  from 
North  Carolina  and  from  Wisconsin.  While  the  life  cycle  of 
this  species  is  not  understood,  Durham,  '02,  believes  that  the 


174  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April, '13 

sexual  stage  of  a  related  South  American  species  is  passed  in  a 
tick.  Quite  similar  to  Lankesterellft  of  frogs  are  species  of  the 
genus  Haemogregarina  which  may  be  readily  found  in  turtles 
and  snakes. 

Coming  closer  to  the  malarial  parasites,  the  bird  parasites, 
which  have  been  so  important  in  elucidating  the  life  cycle  of 
the  human  malaria  are  available.  I  have  found  about  50  per 
cent,  of  the  crows  taken  around  Ithaca,  in  the  summer,  in- 
fested with  Haltcridium.  It  is  much  rarer  in  the  English  spar- 
rows. 

Protcosoma  is  to  be  found  in  the  English  sparrows  at  Ithaca 
though  in  no  such  astounding  percentages  as  Berkeley  reports 
for  New  York  where,  he  states,  he  "found  Proteosoma  infec- 
tion in  75  per  cent,  or  more  of  all  sparrows  examined"  in  Sep- 
tember. I  have  not  found  them  in  more  than  6  per  cent,  of 
those  examined,  and  apparently  Opie  was  no  more  successful 
at  Baltimore. 

Of  course,  occasionally  opportunities  for  the  study  of  human 
malaria  may  arise  and  these  will  be  more  frequent  as  physi- 
cians understand  that  one  is  prepared  and  willing  to  make  such 
examinations. 

Of  the  higher  parasites  which  are  insect  borne  the  most  im- 
portant are  the  filariae.  About  three  out  of  four  of  the  crows 
about  Ithaca  harbor  at  all  times  of  the  year  a  blood  filaria 
which  is  a  striking  object  for  study.  Another  species  I  have 
found  once  in  an  English  sparrow  at  Ithaca.  Though  these 
blood  filaria  of  the  crow  are  five  times  as  long  as  the  blood 
corpuscles,  they  may  be  present  in  enormous  numbers.  Mr. 
Coutaunt  and  I  have  estimated  that  500  occurred  in  a  single 
drop  of  blood  in  one  specimen  examined.  The  record  is  held 
by  a  crow  which  I  used  in  a  practicum  last  year.  The  parasites 
were  so  abundant  that  I  had  independent  estimates  made  by 
each  of  twelve  careful  students.  The  figures  averaged  nearly 
2,000  for  a  single  mount.  No  figure  was  lower  than  2,000. 

The  double-pored  tapeworm,  Dipylidium  caninum,  of  dogs 
and  cats  passes  its  intermediate  stage  in  the  flea  and  the  louse, 
as  many  as  fifty  cysticercoids  being  found  in  a  single  flea. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  175 

Though  the  adult   worm   is  common  at  Ithaca  I  have  not  lo- 
cated the  immature  stage  as  yet. 

These  are  but  a  few  illustrations  of  forms  that  are  available 
and  which  may  be  studied  without  complicated  apparatus  or 
special  training  beyond  that  gained  in  the  course  of  the  work. 
As  an  aid  in  beginning  such  study,  demonstration  specimens  of 
a  few  of  the  blood  parasites  may  be  purchased.  Some  of  these 
are  to  be  obtained  from  the  Western  Biological  Supply  Co., 
Station  A,  Lincoln,  Nebr.,  and  a  larger  assortment  is  handled 
by  W.  Watson  &  Sons,  313  High  Holborn,  W.  C,  London. 
Helpful  as  such  specimens  may  be,  no  one  who  has  once 
examined  the  living  parasites  or  his  own  preparations,  will  be 
satisfied  to  depend  on  the  meager  opportunities  for  purchasing 
material  of  this  nature. 


Cystodiplosis  eugeniae  n.  sp.  (Dipt.). 

By  E.  P.  FELT,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

The  midges  provisionally  referred  to  this  genus  were  reared 
in  April,  1912,  from  hairy  leaf  galls  on  Eugenia  buxifoli®,  col- 
lected by  Dr.  E.  A.  Schwarz  at  Key  West.  The  transforma- 
tions are  completed  within  the  gall,  since  several  protruding 
exuviae  were  observed.  The  galls  occur  in  irregular  clusters 
of  10  to  15  or  more  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves. 

Gall.  Irregularly  spherical  or  somewhat  elongate,  monothalamous, 
with  a  diameter  of  about  1.5  mm.  The  walls  of  the  gall  are  moder- 
ately thick,  quite  high  and  exteriorly  thickly  clothed  with  long,  crinkly, 
yellowish  or  reddish  brown  hairs. 

Exuviae.  Length  2.5  mm.,  whitish  transparent.  Antennal  cases 
short;  thoracic  horns  rudimentary;  leg  cases  extending  to  the  7th  and 
8th  abdominal  segments,  the  wing  cases  to  the  third.  Dorsum  of  the 
abdomen  thickly  and  uniformly  clothed  with  stout,  chitinous  points. 

Male.  Length  1.5  mm.  Palpi  composed  of  one  minute  oval  segment. 
Mesonotum  and  scutellum  dark  brown.  Abdomen  mostly  light  red- 
dish brown  and  sparsely  clothed  with  yellowish  setae.  Genitalia  slightly 
darker.  Wing,  narrow,  length  2.4  mm.,  width  .9  mm. ;  the  subcosta 
unites  with  costa  at  the  basal  third,  the  third  vein  at  the  apex,  the  fifth 
is  well  developed  basally  and  obsolescent,  including  the  branches,  apic- 
ally.  Legs  yellowish  brown,  the  femora  slender  and  slightly  longer 
than  the  more  slender  tibiae ;  claws  very  long,  slender,  simple,  the 
pulvilli  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  claws.  Genitalia:  basal  clasp 
segment  greatly  swollen,  much  resembling  that  of  Asphondyiia;  terminal 


176  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS.  [April,  '13 

clasp  segment  suhapical,  short,  obese,  apically  with  a  heavy,  chitinous 
spur  and  internally  with  a  group  of  thick,  long  setae;  dorsal  plate  di- 
vided, the  lobes  roundly  triangular ;  ventral  plate  short,  tapering  broadly 
to  a  broad,  slightly  emarginate  setose  apex.  Harpes  rather  long,  slen- 
der, somewhat  spoon-shaped,  well  chitinized. 

Female.  Length  1.5  mm.  Antennae  (presumably  female),  third  and 
fourth  segments  free,  the  fifth  with  a  stem  about  one-fifth  the  length 
of  the  cylindric  basal  enlargement,  which  latter  has  a  length  two-and- 
one-fourth  times  its  diameter,  a  rudimentary  basal  whorl  of  setae  and 
low  apparently  anastomosing  circumfili,  these  latter  suggesting  some- 
what the  condition  seen  in  the  male  antennae  of  Asphondylia.  Ovi- 
positor short,  fleshy,  with  a  length  less  than  one-fourth  that  of  the 
abdomen,  the  terminal  segment  being  stout  and  terminating  in  rather 
broad,  triangular  lobes.  Other  characters,  so  far  as  observed,  practi- 
cally as  in  the  male. 

Type  Cecid  32378. 

The  specimens  from  which  the  above  description  was  drafted 
are  badly  broken  and  our  only  excuse  for  the  characterization 
is  that  the  biological  data  may  be  preserved.  The  species  is  so 
peculiar  that  there  should  be  no  difficulty  in  identifying  the 
midge  from  the  data  we  have  given.  It  is  possible  that  this 
species  represents  a  new  genus  in  the  Asphondyliariae,  some- 
thing which  can  be  determined  best  after  perfect  specimens  of 
both  sexes  are  available. 


A  New  Species  of  Dixa  from  Chile  (Dixidae,  Dipt.). 

By  CHARLES  P.  ALEXANDER,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.* 

In  a  collection  of  Neotropical  crane-flies  belonging  to  the 
Hungarian  National  Museum  and  kindly  sent  to  me  for  deter- 
mination by  Dr.  Kertesz,  there  was  included  a  species  of  Dixa 
from  Chile.  This  is  the  first  record  for  a  member  of  this 
family  of  flies  from  south  of  the  Equator.  Of  the  21  described 
species,  12  are  European,  8  are  American  and  i  is  Chinese.  Of 
the  American  species  all  are  Nearctic  with  the  exception  of 
the  widely  distributed  Dixa  clavulus  Willistony  which  was  de- 
scribed from  the  Island  of  St.  Vincent.  Dr.  Johannsen  has 
examined  this  specimen  and  states  that  it  is  very  different  from 

*Contribution    from   the   Entomological   Laboratory   of    Cornell   Uni- 
versity. 
tTrans.  Ent.   Soc.  L<md.,    iSi)C.     Part  3,  p.  298,  fig.  73. 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS. 


177 


any  of  the  American  species,  the  types  of  which  he  has  studied 

in  Cambridge. 

Dixa  chilensis  sp.  n. 

Male.  Length  about  3.5  mm. ;  wing  3.8  mm.  Mouth  parts  and 
palpi  dark  brownish  black;  clypeus  and  front  yellowish,  suffused  with 
brown  on  the  sides ;  antennae  dark  brown,  the  third  segment  much 
paler,  more  yellowish ;  vertex  and  occiput  pale  yellowish-white. 

Pronotum  light  chestnut  brown ;  mesonotum,  praescutum  very  pale, 
almost  white  with  three  dorsal  stripes;  the  intermediate  stripe  is 
broader  and  begins  just  behind  the  cephalic  margin  of  the  sclerite ; 
the  lateral  stripes  are  narrower,  begin  at  about  mid-length  of  the 
sclerite,  continuing  caudad  and  including  the  sides  of  the  scutum; 
middle  line  of  the  scutum  and  the  scutellum  dull  yellowish;  post- 
notum  dark  brown.  Pleurae  with  a  broad  silvery  white  band,  delimit- 
ed by  two  narrow  dark  brown  stripes,  the  upper  one  beginning  on 
the  cervical  sclerites  and  running  to  the  base  of  the  halteres ;  the 
lower  stripe  running  above  the  bases  of  the  coxae.  Halteres  pale, 
apices  of  the  knobs  dark  brown.  Legs,  fore  and  middle  coxae  yel- 
low, brownish  in  front,  trochanters  pale,  whitish-yellow;  femora  and 
tibiae  very  light  brown,  narrowly  tipped  with  dark  brown ;  tarsi 
brown ;  hind  legs,  femora  much  brighter  colored,  yellowish,  broadly 
tipped  with  brownish  black;  tibiae  dark  on  basal  half,  passing  into  a 
broad,  dull  yellowish  post-median  band;  tip  of  tibia  swollen,  black; 
tarsi  brown.  Wings,  subhyaline,  cells  C  and  Sc  more  yellowish ;  an 
irregular  brown  mark  at  the  origin  of  Rs,  a  second  at  the  arcuation 
of  J?2+3,  a  third  at  the  top  of  Ri  extending  down  over  the  fork  of 
P  24-3;  cross  veins  and  many  of  the  longitudinal  veins  narrowly  and 
indistinctly  seamed  with  a  lighter  brown;  anal  cell  a  little  brown 


on  the  angle;  venation    (see  figure),  cross  vein  r-m   far  before   fork 
of  Rs ;  R  2  +  3  at  origin  perpendicular,  extremely  arcuated,   fork  of 
R  2  4-  3  much  shorter  than  the  fused  portion. 
Abdomen  brown. 

Holotype,  $,  Concepcion,  Chile;  Aug.  23,  1904  (P.  Herbst). 

Type  in  the  Ungarisches  National  Museum. 

The  species  differs  from  all  of  the  known  American  forms 
in  the  extreme  arcuation  of  R  2+3  and  the  shortness  of  the 
fork  of  this  vein. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 

[The  Conductors  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL,  NEWS  solicit  and  will  thank- 
fully receive  items  of  news  likely  to  interest  its  readers  from  any  source. 
The  author's  name  will  be  given  in  each  case,  for  the  Information  of 
cataloguers  and  bibliographers.] 


TO  CONTRIBUTORS. — All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience,  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  has  reached 
a  circulation,  both  in  numbers  and  circumference,  as  to  make  it  neces- 
sary to  put  "copy"  into  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  each  number,  four 
weeks  before  date  of  issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
or  important  matter  for  a  certain  issue.  Twenty-five  "extras,"  without 
change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free,  when  they  are 
wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired,  this  should  be  stated 
on  the  MS.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowledged.  Proof  will 
be  sent  to  authors  for  correction  only  when  specially  requested. — Ed. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  APRIL,    1913. 


According  to  Science  for  January  17  last,  there  were  present- 
ed to  the  scientific  societies,  meeting  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  Con- 
vocation week,  1912-13,  822  papers.  The  highest  number  accred- 
ited to  any  one  science  was  84  to  Zoology,  Entomology  being 
second  with  73. 

The  February  number  of  the  NEWS,  in  the  department  of  En- 
tomological Literature,  listed  the  titles  of  103  papers  pertaining 
to  the  entomology  of  the  Americas  (North  and  South)  includ- 
ing Arachnida  and  Myriopoda,  as  well  as  contributions  to 
anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects  whether  Amer- 
ican or  exotic,  received  at  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia  in  the  space  of  one  month.  This  list  professedly 
excludes  much  of  the  economic  literature. 

The  newly-established  Revieiv  of  Applied  Entomology,  Vol- 
ume I,  Series  A,  part  i  (reference  to  which  is  made  on  another 
page  of  this  number  of  the  NEWS)  says: 

It  is  not  perhaps  generally  realized  how  numerous  or  how  varied 
are  the  existing  publications  which  are  liable  to  contain  entomo- 
logical information.  A  preliminary  survey  of  the  subject  has  resulted 
in  the  compilation  of  a  list  (by  no  means  complete)  of  no  less  than 
1,700  periodicals — scientific,  agricultural  and  medical, — which  may  con- 
tain articles  dealing  with  entomology  .  .  .  Furthermore,  the  number 
of  periodicals  expressly  dealing  .with  Economic  Entomology  is  stead- 
ily growing  from  year  to  year ;  and  this  is  due  not  only  to  a  more 

178 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  179 

general  recognition  of  the  high  importance  of  this  subject  both  in  its 
agricultural  and  medical  aspects,  but  also  to  the  greater  activity  in 
the  development  of  tropical  areas,  where  the  depredations  of  insects 
are  most  severely  felt.  It  may  be  said  with  some  degree  of  certainty, 
that  there  is  at  present  no  single  institution  in  the  world  at  which  all 
these  multifarious  journals  may  be  consulted. 

Much  current  literature  in  Entomology,  as  in  other  subjects, 
is  not  orginal  or  important,  but  the  quantity  which  is  entitled  to 
these  two  adjectives  is  so  great  that  the  necessity  of  listing  or 
abstracting  it  for  the  use  of  investigators  becomes  more  press- 
ing every  year.  The  Review  just  quoted  is  the  latest  attempt  to 
do  this  in  certain  entomological  fields.  All  the  existing  biblio- 
graphical agencies  appear  to  be  necessary,  for  experience  has 
shown  that  no  one  of  them  succeeds  in  attaining  completeness. 
Whether  this  failure  is  partly  due  to  the  fact  that  some  authors 
and  publication  agencies  send  their  work  to  one  bibliographer, 
some  to  other  recorders,  seems  to  be  a  matter  well  worthy  of 
consideration  by  those  in  charge  of  such  praiseworthy  and 

useful  drudgery. 

— i  <«> — 

Notes    and    News. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   GLEANINGS   FROM    ALL   QUARTERS 
OF    THE    GLOBE. 

The  British  Imperial  Bureau  of  Entomology. 

In  the  summer  of  1911,  when  the  prime  ministers  of  the  self-gov- 
erning dominions  were  present  in  England,  they  were  invited  by  the 
Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies  to  discuss  with  the  Entomological 
Research  Committee  (appointed  by  the  Colonial  office  in  1909)  certain 
proposals  for  furthering  and  co-ordinating  the  investigation  of  in- 
jurious insects  throughout  the  Empire.  At  this  meeting  it  was 
unanimously  ageed  that  the  establishment  of  a  central  organization 
for  this  purpose  was  desirable,  and  consequently  a  tentative  scheme 
was  submitted  for  the  consideration  of  the  Colonial  Governments 
concerned. 

At  a  further  conference,  held  at  the  Colonial  office  in  August,  1912, 
the  matter  took  more  definite  shape,  and  it  was  proposed  to  form  an 
Imperial  Bureau  of  Entomology,  to  be  supported  by  contributions 
from  the  various  Dominions  and  Colonies,  as  well  as  from  the  British 
Government.  The  principal  functions  of  this  bureau  will  be  to  collect 
and  co-ordinate  all  information  bearing  upon  injurious  or  useful  in- 
sects ;  to  organize  a  system  for  securing  the  authoritative  identifica- 


iSo  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

tion,  with  reasonable  promptitude,  of  all  insects  of  economic  importance 
submitted  by  officials  connected  with  Departments  of  Agriculture  or 
Public  Health  throughout  the  empire ;  to  compile  gradually  a  compre- 
hensive card-index  to  the  whole  literature  of  the  subject;  and  to 
publish  monthly  the  present  journal,  which  is  intended  to  give  an  up- 
to-date  epitome  of  the  current  literature. 

The  bureau  is  fortunate  in  having  secured  as  its  president  so 
eminent  an  administrator  as  the  Earl  of  Cromer,  and  the  names  of 
the  many  distinguished  gentlemen  who  have  been  good  enough  to  act 
on  the  Honorary  Committee  of  Management  will  be  sufficient  guaran- 
tee that  its  work  will  be  carried  out  in  an  efficient  and  sympathetic 
manner. 

[The  three  preceding  paragraphs  have  been  taken  from  the  Preface, 
page  i,  Series  A,  Vol.  I,  of  the  journal  referred  to  in  .the  second  of 
those  paragraphs,  The  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Issued  by  the 
Imperial  Bureau  of  Entomology.  It  is  issued  in  two  series:  A.  Agri- 
cultural, B.  Medical  and  Veterinary.  Vol.  I,  Ser.  A,  Part  i  consists 
of  32  pages.  Vol.  I.  Ser.  B,  Part  i  of  20  pages;  both  are  dated  Janu- 
ary, 1913.  The  subscription  to  both  series  is  12  shillings  per  annum 
or,  separately,  A  8  sh.,  B  5  sh.,  orders  and  subscriptions  to  be  sent 
to  Messrs.  Dulau  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  37  Soho  Square,  London,  W.  The 
Honorary  Committee  of  Management  is  composed  of  the  same 
persons  as  constitute  the  Entomological  Research  Committee  (Tropi- 
cal Africa).  The  general  secretary  of  the  bureau  is  likewise  Mr. 
A.  C.  C.  Parkinson ;  the  Director  and  Editor,  Mr.  Guy  A.  K. 
Marshall ;  Assistant  Editor,  Mr.  W.  North.  The  head  office  is  at  the 
British  Museum  of  Natural  History,  the  publication  office  at  27  Elvas- 
ton  Place,  London,  S.  W.] 

An  Entomologist  Wanted  for  Arcadia. 

We  want  an  .adult  entomologist,  preferably  a  married  man,  to 
come  to  Arcadia,  lease  a  building  site,  erect  a  small  cottage  and  live 
near  to  nature  in  the  spirit  of  the  Institution.  He  shall  have  the  freedom 
of  the  Institution  without  expense,  but  for  his  services  no  salary  will  be 
paid.  We  are  looking  for  some  one  who  has  retired  from  the 
active  duties  of  life,  and  expects  to  spend  the  rest  of  his  days  in 
close  proximity  to  the  entomological  world. 

Arcadia  is  well  equipped  with  every  facility  for  studying  nature 
and  especially  so  in  entomology.  Within  the  adjacent  territory,  es- 
pecially in  Nymphalia,  which  is  a  part  of  Arcadia,  there  are  facili- 
ties for  studying  various  kinds  of  aquatic  and  marsh  insects.  The 
laboratory  is  well  equipped  with  apparatus  for  classifying,  examining, 
photographing,  etc.  There  are  breeding  cages  for  studying  the  in- 
sects in  their  transformations,  and  whatever  further  equipment  may 
be  necessary  will  be  made  to  suit  the  needs  of  a  student. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  l8l 

Full  particulars  as  to  what  the  Agassiz  Association  is  and  what  is 
its  Arcadia,  what  it  has  done  and  what  it  is  trying  to  do,  and  in- 
cluding a  copy  of  "The  Guide  to  Nature,"  will  he  sent  upon  appli- 
cation. 

On  the  other  hand,  full  particulars  will  be  required  of  the  person- 
ality, skill,  experience,  plans,  etc.,  of  the  applicant  who  would  come 
here  and  take  charge  of  our  Entomological  Department.  We  would 
prefer  some  one  who  has  retired  from  active  business  life  and  has 
means  to  devote  the  rest  of  his  days  to  his  favorite  pursuits,  but 
such  entire  devotion  of  time  is  not  necessary.  Arrangements  could 
be  made  for  some  income  for  services,  if  desired.  Employment  of 
various  kinds  can  be  obtained  in  the  vicinity,  but,  as  previously  stated, 
the  ideal  would  be  one  who  has  retired  and  intends  to  devote  all  the 
rest  of  his  time  to  the  interests  and  beauties  of  entomological  nature. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to  The  Agassiz  Association,  Edward 
F.  Bigelow,  President,  Arcadia,  Sound  Beach,  Connecticut. 

Entomological  Meeting  in  California,  1915. 

The  Entomological  Society  of  America  has  received  an  invitation 
from  the  i'Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition  to  hold  a  meet- 
ing in  some  Californian  locality  in  the  summer  of  1915.  This  gather- 
ing may  be  at  either  of  the  universities  or  on  the  exposition  grounds. 
It  has  received  the  enthusiastic  support  of  western  entomologists. 
These  latter  have  attended  many  eastern  meetings  and  this  is  an  ex- 
cellent chance  for  us  to  return  the  compliment.  It  may  be  possible 
for  a  number  to  go  out  with  a  party,  stopping  off  at  one  or  more  in- 
teresting points  en  route.  As  chairman  of  a  special  committee  to  con- 
sider this  matter  and  report  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Association, 
the  undersigned  would  welcome  suggestions  in  regard  to  this  meet- 
ing and  also  expressions  relative  to  the  support  it  would  probably 
receive  from  eastern  entomologists.. — E.  P.  FELT,  State  Museum,  Al- 
bany, New  York. 

[Attention  may  be  called  to  the  fact  that  the  time  of  this  proposed 
meeting  coincides  with  that  of  the  Third  International  Congress  of 
Entomology,  to  be  held  at  Vienna. — ED.] 

Some  Nomenclatural  Questions. 

To  the  EDITOR,  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS. 
Sir: 

A  case  anent  the  whole  discussion  of  nomenclatorial  priority. 

The  Coleopterous  family  Trogositidae  was  separated  by  Rev.  W. 
Kirby  (1826)  from  the  Nitidulidae,  where  the  group  was  lumped 
by  Erichson.  Family  based  on  type  Trogosita  (Olivier)  maitritanica 
(Linne).  In  1865  (circa)  it  was  discovered  that  Pallas  had  previ- 
ously erected  the  genus  Tcnebrioides  to  lit  this  species.  Therefore  the 


l82  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

name  Trogosita  falls  as  a  synonym.  Secondly — Pallas  by  a  printer's 
error  was  made  to  say  "Tenebr aides."  Thirdly — J.  O.  Westwood 
(1840?)  separated  virescens  as  a  new  genus — under  name  Temno- 
chila.  Under  the  law,  what  is  the  name  of  this  family?  The  pri- 
ority name  is  Trogositidae,  based  on  a  type  name  now  non-existent. 
European  writers  have  adopted  Temnochilidae.  On  family  names  the 
law  of  1832  is  silent.  Meanwhile,  the  genus  Ostoma  Laich  (1783) 
was  based  on  Peltis  (Illiger  circa,  1805)  ferruginea  Linne. 

Should  the  misprint  "Tenebroides,"  an  obvious  error,  stand?  Should 
the  family  be  "Trogositidae,"  "Temnochilidae"  or  "Ostomidae"?  Does 
the  law  of  1832  refer  to  families? 

Linne  suffered  from  a  printer's  error,  "Dyticidae"  (Greek  dyticus 
=a  diver).  All  subsequent  authors  are  printing  Dytiscus,  an  obvious 
error,  until  corrected  by  Encyclopedia  Britannica,  nth  edition  (v, 
article  Coleoptera). 

The  coleopterous  genus,  Cnemidotus,  Illiger,  1802,  was  based  on 
a  Haliplns.  Erichson  redescribed  the  genus,  using  the  same  name, 
based  on  caesus,  Duft.,  1832.  The  type  of  the  genus  still  stands.  The 
law  of  priority,  specifying  that  a  synonym  may  not  again  be  used, 
was  adopted  subsequently  to  Erichson's  description.  Ex  post  facto 
legislation  is  hardly  acceptable.  It  is  proper,  then,  that  Regimbart 
in  1878,  should  put  Cnemidotus  back  into  synonomy  in  favor  of  his 
own  parallel  creation,  Peltodytcs? 

Does  not  your  census  show  that  strictly  taxonomic  students  are 
in  favor  of  strict  priority  by  about  3  to  i  ?  The  majority  on  the 
other  side  was  made  by  amateurs,  10  to  i,  and  economic  students 
4  to  i. 

Again, -is  not  real  opinion  5  to  I  in  favor  of  strict  priority,  at  least, 
in  case  of  species? 

I  think  it  is  generally  conceded  that  no  definition  of  "genus"  has 
been  written  which  is  acceptable  widely  anywhere.  Certainly,  when 
Hiibner  wrote  on  Lepidoptera,  he  had  no  idea  of  a  genus  which 
coincides  with  any  other  opinion.  Moreover,  has  anyone  (in 
Coleoptera,  at  least)  acceptably  defined  a  family,  except  Leconte? 

The  nomenclature  problem  is  the  most  important  matter  to  come 
before  a  world's  congress. 

Sincerely, 

R.  P.  Dow. 

Recollections  of  A.  R.  Grote,  by  John  G.  Milburn. 
[I  have  in  my  library  the  first  two  volumes  of  the  Proceedings  of 
the  Buffalo  Society  of  Natural  Sciences  bound,  and  on  the  title  page 
the  inscription,  "E.  C.  Sprague,  Esq.,  with  Compliments  of  Augustus 
R.  Grote  and  John  George  Milburn."  In  each  volume  is  the  book-plate 
of  E.  C.  Sprague.  Last  September,  in  looking  over  a  number  of  the 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  183 

American  Historical  Review,  I  saw  the  notice  of  a  paper  read  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Buffalo  Historical  Society  by  John  G.  Milburn ;  of 
course  I  recognized  the  name,  and  immediately  wrote  to  Mr.  Milburn 
at  Buffalo,  from  which  place  my  letter  was  forwarded  to  his  present 
home  in  New  York  City.  I  have  just  received  a  reply  which  is  of  such 
interest  to  one  interested  in  the  lives  of  naturalists,  that  1  here  give 
some  of  it  to  the  readers  of  the  NEWS. — F.  GRINNELL,  JR.,  Pasadena, 
Cal.,  December  24,  1912.] 

"I  am  sorry  that  I  cannot  tell  you  much  about  Grote.  He  was  the 
director  of  the  museum  on  a  small  salary  and  in  the  front  rank  of 
entomologists.  He  was,  I  should  say,  in  the  middle  of  the  '7o's,  some- 
what over  thirty  years  of  age,  dark,  slight  in  build,  and  of  a  nervous, 
mercurial  temperament.  He  was  a  man  of  general  culture,  quite  a 
poet,  and  devoted  to  music.  I  have  a  dim  recollection  that  he  had 
some  connection  as  an  organist  with  church  work ;  but  I  may  be  all 
wrong  about  that.  He  was  a  delightful  companion  and  a  good  talker. 
Those  were  the  days  when  Darwinism  was  spreading  fast,  and  of  what 
used  to  be  called  the  conflict  between  science  and  religion.  Grote  was 
rather  the  leader  of  the  group  of  young  men  to  which  I  have  referred, 
and  for  them  every  problem  of  the  universe  was  in  the  melting  pot. 

When  Grote  was  not  occupied  in  identifying  or  describing  some  new 
species,  he  was  writing  a  lyric,  composing  an  opera,  or  recasting  theol- 
ogy. He  was  a  very  vivid  and  interesting  personality. 

(Signed)     JOHN  G.  MILBURN. 


Entomological  Literature. 

COMPILED    BY    E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR.,    AND    J.    A.    G.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting  those 
appearing  in  the  January  and  February  issues,  which  are  generally  dated 
the  year  previous. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

2 — Transactions,  American  Entomological  Society,  Philadelphia. 
4 — The  Canadian  Entomologist.  5 — Psyche.  1 — U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Entomology.  8 — The  Entomologist's 
Monthly  Magazine,  London.  10 — Nature,  London.  11 — Annals  and 


184  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

Magazine  of  Natural  History,  London.  12 — Comptes  Rendus, 
L' Academic  des  Sciences,  Paris.  13 — Comptes  Rendus,  Societe  de 
Biologic,  Paris.  18 — Ottawa  Naturalist.  22 — Zoologischer  An- 
zeiger,  Leipzig.  30 — Memoires,  Societe  Zoologique  de  France, 
Paris.  40 — Societas  Entomologica,  Zurich.  73 — Archives,  Zoologie 
Experimental  et  Generale,  Paris.  7& — La  Nature,  Paris.  89— 
Zoologische  Jahrbucher,  Jena.  97 — Zeitschrift  fur  wissenschaft- 
liche  Zoologie,  Leipzig.  166 — Internationale  Entomologische 
Zeitschrift,  Guben.  184 — Journal  of  Experimental  Zoology,  Phil- 
adelphia. 191 — Natur,  Munchen.  193 — Entomologische  Blatter, 
Cassel.  198 — Biological  Bulletin,  Marine  Biological  Laboratory, 
Woods  Hole,  Mass.  200 — Bulletin  Scientifique  de  la  France  et  de 
Belgique,  Paris.  204 — New  York  State  Museum,  Albany.  216— 
Entomologische  Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.  223— Broteria.  Re- 
vista  de  Sciencias  Naturaes  do  Collegio  de  S.  Fiel  (Ser.  Zoologica). 
246— Bulletin  International,  Academie  des  Sciences  de  Cracovie, 
Ser.  B.  Sciences  Naturelles.  269 — Memoirs,  Department  of  Agri- 
culture in  India.  Entomological  Series,  Calcutta.  274 — Archiv  fur 
Zellforschung,  herausgegeben  von  Dr.  R.  Goldschmidt,  Leipzig. 
278' — Annales,  Societe  Zook>gique  Suisse  et  du  Museum  d'Histoire 
de  Geneve,  Revue  Suisse  de  Zoologie.  284 — Bulletin,  Museum 
National  d'Histoire  Naturelle,  Reunion  Mensuelle  des  Naturalistes 
du  Museum,  Paris.  332 — Bulletin  of  the  Southern  California  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  Los  Angeles.  335 — -Smithsonian  Miscellaneous 
Collection.  385 — Festschrift  zum  Sechzigsten  Geburtstag  Richard 
Hertwigs.  394 — Parasitology,  Cambridge,  England.  407 — Journal 
of  Genetics,  Cambridge,  England.  419 — Transactions  of  the  Cana- 
dian Institute,  Toronto.  420 — Insecutor  Inscitiae  Menstruus:  a 
monthly  journal  of  entomology,  Washington,  D.  C. 

GENERAL  SUBJECT.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Nomenclature  at 
the  Zoological  Congress,  10,  1913,  648-49.  Cosens,  A. — A  contribu- 
tion to  the  morphology  and  biology  of  insect  galls,  419,  ix,  297-387. 
Forbes,  S.  A.— Report  (27)  of  the  state  entomologist  of  Illinois. 
Galloway,  T.  W.— Zoology.  Phila:  P.  Blakiston's  Sons  &  Co., 
1912,  481  pp.  Hartert,  E.> — Gegen  die  zulassung  von  ausnahmen 
vom  prioritatsgesetz,  166,  vi,  317-318;  193,  1913,  24-26.  Macnamara, 
C. — The  milkweed  and  insects,  18,  1913,  151.  Meissner,  O. — Prak- 
tische  zuchtkasten,  40,  xxviii,  13-14.  Nabert,  A. — Die  corpora 
allata  der  insekten,  97,  civ,  181-358.  Rosenau,  M.  J. — Some  experi- 
mental observations  upon  monkeys  concerning  the  transmission 
of  poliomyelitis  through  the  agency  of  "Stomoxys  calcitrans,"  5, 
1912,  191-194.  Schroder,  C.— Handbuch  dcr  entomologie,  Erste 
Lief.,  Jena,  1912.  Steudel,  A.— Absorption  und  secretion  ini  darm 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  185 

von  insekten,  89,  xxxiii,  165-224.  Toyama,  K. — Maternal  inheri- 
tance and  mendelism  (silk  worm),  407,  ii,  315-405.  Wright,  W.  G. 
—Obituary,  332,  xii,  19-21. 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Bonnevie,  K. — Ueber  die  struktur  und 
genese  der  Ascarischromosomen,  274,  ix,  433-57.  Fabre,  J.  H. — 
The  life  of  the  spider  (Translation),  New  York,  1913,  404  pp. 
Goldschmidt,  R. — Das  nervensystem  von  "Ascaris  lumbricoides 
und  megalocephala,"  385,  ii,  255-354.  Hadwen,  S. — The  life-his- 
tory of  "Dermacentor  variabilis,"  394,  v,  234-237.  Hirschler,  J.— 
Ueber  die  plasmastrukturen  in  den  geschlechtszellen  der  Ascari- 
den,  274,  ix,  351-398.  Phisalix,  M. — Effets  physiologiques  du  venin 
de  la  mygale  de  Haiti  (Phormictopus  carcerides)  et  de  Corse 
(Cteniza  sauvagei),  884,  1912,  132-138.  Schtschelkanowzew,  J.  P/— 
Der  bau  der  mannlichen  geschlechtsorgane  von  Chelifer  und 
Chernes,  385,  ii,  1-38,  1910.  Sokolow,  I. — Untersuchungen  ueber 
die  spermatogenese  bei  den  Arachniden,  274,  ix,  399-432. 

Clark,  A.  H. — Notes  on  American  sp.  of  Peripatus,  with  a  list  of 
known  forms,  335,  Ix,  No.  17,  5  pp.  Clarke  &  Ruedemann. — The 
Eurypterida  of  New  York,  204,  Mem.  14,  vol.  1-2,  628  pp.  Murale- 
wic,  W.  S. — Einige  bemerkungen  ueber  aussereuropaische  Scolo- 
pendriden,  22,  xli,  196-202.  Ribaut,  H. — Ascospermorphora  (My- 
riophodes),  73,  x,  399-478. 

APTERA    AND    NEUROPTERA.      Boring,    A.    M.— The    odd 

chromosome  in  "Cerastipsocus  venosus,"  198,  xxiv,  125-132.  Bug- 
nion,  E. — L'imago  du  "Coptotermes  flavus."  Larves  portant  des 
rudimentes  d'ailes  prothoraciques,  30,  xxiv,  96-106.  Waterson,  J. 
—A  suggestion  for  securing  certain  Liotheids  (Mallophaga),  8, 
1913,  36. 

Aulmann,  G. — Psyllidarum  catalogus,  92  pp.  (W.  Junk,  Berlin, 
1913).  Navas,  L. — Neuropteros  nuevos  de  America  (conclusion), 
223,  xi,  45-53. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Meunier,  F.— L'asymetrie  frequente  des  ely- 
tres  de  Blattidae  du  terrain  houiller  de  Convmentry  et  la  phylo- 
genie  des  groupes,  12,  1913,  493-96.  Ramme,  W. — (See  under  Cole- 
optera.) 

Carl,  J. — Phasmides  nouveaux  ou  pen  connus  du  Museum  de 
Geneve,  278,  xxi,  No.  1,  56  pp. 

HEMIPTERA.  Boring,  A.  M.— The  chromosomes  of  the  Cer- 
copidae,  198,  xxiv,  133-146.  Brocher,  F.' — Recherches  sur  la  respi- 
ration des  insectes  aquatiques  adultes.  La  Notonectes  (2d  article), 
89,  xxxiii,  225-234.  Butler,  E.  A. — A  contribution  towards  the  life 


l86  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

history  of  "Berytus  clavipes,"  8,  1913,  28-32.  Foot  &  Strobell.— 
Preliminary  notes  on  the  results  of  crossing  two  hemipterous 
species  with  reference  to  the  inheritance  of  an  exclusively  male 
character  .  .  .  198,  xxiv,  187-204.  Johannes,  Dr. — Biologische';. 
ueber  die  bekanntesten  wasserwanzen,  191,  1913,  221-222.  Rigaku- 
hakushi,  C.  S. — Life  history  of  "Schlechtendalia  Chinensis"  (a 
gall-producing  insect),  385,  ii,  241-252. 

Lindinger,  L. — Die  schildlause  (Coccidae),  Europas,  Nordafrikas 
und  Vorderasiens  .  .  .,  Stuttgart,  1912,  388  pp.  Sasscer,  E.  R.— 
An  index  to  catalogues  of  recently  described  Coccidae,  7,  Tech. 
Ser.  16,  pt.  7.  de  la  Torre  Bueno,  J.  R. — Some  heteropterous  he- 
miptera  from  Southern  Pines,  N.  C.,  4,  1913,  57-60. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Bartsch,  R.  C.  B.— "Sugaring"  in  the  autumn, 
5,  1912,  195-199.  Fuchs,  F. — Zur  biologic  von  Heterogynis  pen- 
nella,  216,  xxiv,  179-180,  182.  Gillmer,  M. — Zum  ueberwinterungs- 
zustand  der  schmetterlinge,  166,  vi.  301-<302.  Guyenot,  E.— Les 
papilles  de  la  trompe  des  lepidopteres,  200,  xlvi,  288-346.  Kopec,  S. 
— Regenerationsversuche  an  fuhlern,  augen  .  .  .  der  schmetter- 
lingsraupen  und  imagines,  246,  1912,  1096-1102.  Linstow,  Prof.— 
Die  sinne  und  sinnesorgane  der  raupen,  166,  vi,  299-301.  Marsh, 
H.  O.' — The  horse-radish  webworm  (Plutella  armoracia),  7,  Bui. 
109,  pt.  7.  Martini,  W. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Elachista- 
raupen,  216,  xxvi,  174-75.  Menzel,  H. — Einfluss  der  ausseren  um- 
gebung  auf  die  farbung  der  schmetterlingspuppen  (Vanessa  urti- 
cae),  89,  xxxiii,  235-258.  Reiff,  W. — Ueber  den  schmetterlingsfang 
am  licht,  166,  vi,  310-11.  Schwangart,  Dr. — Ueber  die  trauben- 
wickler  (Conchylis  ambiguella  und  Polychrosis  botrana)  und  ihre 
bekampfung  .  .  .,  385,  ii,  465-534. 

Dyar,  H.  G. — Notes  on  cotton  moths,  420,  i,  1-12. 

DIPTERA.  Esterly,  C.  O.— The  "oil  fly"  of  So.  California 
(Psilopa  pctrolei),  332,  xii,  9-11.  Green,  E.  E. — On  the  humming 
of  Chironomidae,  8,  1913,  37.  Guyenot,  E. — Etudes  biologiques 
sur  une  mouche  "Drosophila  ampelophila,"  13,  178-182,  223-225. 
Lutz,  F.  E. — Experiments  concerning  the  sexual  difference  in  the 
wing  length  of  "Drosophila  ampelophila,"  184,  xiv,  267-274.  Rich- 
ardson, C.  H.,  Jr.— Notes  on  the  life-history  of  "Corethra  albipes," 
5,  1912,  200-203. 

Alexander,  C.  P.— New  Nearctic  Tipulidae,  5,  1912,  163-171. 
Johnson,  C.  W. — The  No.  American  species  of  the  genus  Hae- 
malopota,  5,  1912,  181-183.  Malloch  &  Knab/— "Limosina  mirabi- 
lis,"  a  sp.  of  Borboridae  new  to  the  U.  S.,  5,  1912,  199.  Townsend, 
C.  H.  T. — Inquiry  into  the  relationship  and  taxonomy  of  muscoid 
flies,  4,  1913,  37-57. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  187 

COLEOPTERA.  Champion,  G.  C. — Note  on  the  larva  of 
Scirtes,  8,  1913,  32-33.  Frost,  C.  A. — Note  on  "Tricrania  sanguini- 
pennis,"  5,  1912,  208.  Holdhaus,  K. — Ueber  die  wissenschaftliche 
und  praktische  hedeutung  des  zu  schaffenden  "Ganglbauerpreises," 
193,  1913,  8-12.  Hunter  &  Pierce. — The  movement  of  the  cotton 
boll  weevil  in  1912,  1,  Circ.  167.  Ramme,  W.— Die  bedeutung  des 
proventriculus  bei  Coleopteren  und  Orthopteren,  89,  xxxv,  419-456. 

Urban,  C Beitrage  zur  lebensgeschichte  der  kafer,  193,  1913,  16- 

19   (cont). 

HYMENOPTERA.  Acloque,  A.— Les  fourmis  a  miel  des  de- 
serts mexicains,  79,  1913,  161-163.  Davidson,  A. — Masaria  ves- 
poides.  332,  xii,  17-18.  Dutt,  G.  R. — Life  histories  of  Indian  H., 
269,  iv,  183-267.  Sladen,  F.  W.  L.— The  humble-bee,  its  life-history 
and  how  to  domesticate  it;  with  descriptions  of  all  the  British  spe- 
cies of  Bombus  and  Psithyrus,  London,  1912,  283  pp.  Turner,  C. 
H. — An  orphan  colony  of  "Polistes  pallipes,"  5,  1912,  184-190. 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A/—  (Change  genus  Hoplitella  to  Hoplitina), 
4,  1913,  34.  Descriptions  and  records  of  bees. — XLIX,  11,  xi,  185- 
195  (cont.).  Franklin,  H.  J.— The  Bombidae  of  the  New  World 
(Pt.  1),  2,  xxxviii,  177-486.  Wheeler,  W.  M.— Additions  to  our 
knowledge  of  the  ants  of  the  genus  Myrmecocystus,  5,  1912,  172- 
181.  The  male  of  "Eciton  vagans,"  5,  1912,  206-207. 


A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  MORPHOLOGY  AND  BIOLOGY  OF  INSECT  GALLS. 
By  A.  Cosens,  M.A.  Reprinted  from  the  Transactions  of  the  Cana- 
dian Institute,  Vol.  IX,  pp.  297-387,  1912.  University  Press,  Toronto; 
13  plates. 

This  paper,  both  botanical  and  entomological  in  its  character,  de- 
scribes investigations  carried  on  in  the  Botanical  Laboratories  of  the 
University  of  Toronto  under  the  supervision  of  Prof.  J.  H.  Faull. 
Only  its  entomological  results  are  dealt  with  here.  The  anatomical 
and  histological  structure  of  galls  produced  by  8  species  of  Acarina, 
8  Aphididae,  I  Psyllid,  i  Sesiid,  I  Tortricid,  2  Gelechiids,  i  Tineid, 
12  Cecidomyidae,  10  Nematinae,  and  24  Cynipidae  are  described;  the 
order  in  which  they  are  treated — Acarina,  Hemiptera,  Lepidoptera, 
Diptera,  Hymenoptera — corresponds  in  a  general  way  with  an  increas- 
ing complexity  in  the  galls. 

In  dealing  with  the  Lepidopterous  galls  attention  is  called  to  "the 
highly  specialized  habits  of  the  larva,  developed  in  caring  for  the 
welfare  of  the  imago Thus  in  each  of  the  forms  studied  pro- 
vision is  made  by  the  larva  for  the  emergence  of  the  moth  from  the 
gall.  These  habits  are  seen  at  different  stages  of  development.  In 
Stag  mat  ophora  ceanothiclla  Cosens,  and  Eucosma  scudderiana  Clem- 


l88  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

ens,  the  gall  wall  is  simply  gnawn  partly  through,  while  in  Gnorimos- 
chema  an  aperture  of  exit  is  carefully  prepared  and  plugged.  These 
different  methods  of  procedure  are  remarkably  suited  to  the  habits  of 
the  insects.  In  the  former  a  plugged  exit  would  not  be  suitable, 
as  the  insect  winters  in  the  larval  condition  and  the  drying  of  the 
gall  would  prevent  the  plug  from  slipping  out  easily.  In  the  latter 
the  galls  are  still  green  when  the  insect  becomes  mature  and  the 
plug  mechanism  is  preferable.  It  is  clear  then,  that  in  these  galls 
the  producer  is  much  more  active  in  providing  for  its  own  welfare 
than  in  the  higher  types  and  the  plant  renders  a  relatively  smaller 
amount  of  assistance  ....  As  I  have  repeatedly  found  the  open- 
ing through  which  the  larva  of  Eucosma  scudderiana  has  entered  the 
stem  [of  Solidago],  it  is  certain  that  this  Lepidopterous  producer 
always  oviposits  on  the  outside  of  the  host,  and  this  may  prove  to 
be  true  of  the  entire  group." 

Adler  found  that  cell  proliferation  on  the  part  of  the  plant  to 
form  saw-fly  galls  preceded  the  hatching  of  the  saw-fly's  egg  and  hence 
concluded  that  these  galls,  in  contradistinction  to  those  produced  by 
other  insects,  owe  their  origin  to  the  wound  caused  by  oviposition. 
Mr.  Cosens  obtained  galls  of  three  species  of  Pontania,  of  this  family, 
with  the  larvae  still  within  the  egg  and  here  also  considerable  proli- 
feration of  plant  tissue  had  already  occurred.  He  suggests  the  "slight 
possibility  that  secretions  or  excretions  from  the  developing  larva 
may  be  active  through  the  egg  membrane"  as  the  gall-forming  stim- 
ulus. 

The  walls  of  Cynipid  galls  are  usually  differentiated  into  an  inner 
nutritive,  and  an  outer  "protective,"  zone.  Adler  held  the  latter  to 
be  a  defence  against  parasites,  but  Mr.  Cosens  found  seventy-five 
per  cent,  of  the  galls  of  Amphibolips  coiiflucns  parasitized  in  spite  of 
its  thick  epidermis  and  well-developed  protective  sheath.  "Apparently 
the  only  protective  function  that  can  be  ascribed  to  this  tissue  is  the 
prevention  of  injury  to  the  producer  by  desiccation  during  its  later 
larval  and  pupal  stages  of  development." 

Gall-producing  larvae  differ  in  their  habits  of  feeding  on  the  gall 
tissue.  In  the  Acarina  (Eriophyidae),  Hemiptera  (Aphididae,  Psyl- 
lidae),  Diptera  (Cecidomyidae,  Trypetidae)  and  Cynipidae  (but  not 
inquilines),  the  cell  contents  alone  furnish  the  nourishment  and  these 
are  withdrawn  from  the  cells  without  destroying  the  cell-walls.  On 
the  other  hand,  Lepidopterous,  Coleopterous,  and  Tenthredinid  gall- 
producing  larvae,  and  at  least  some  inquiline  Cynipid  larvae,  devour 
both  the  cell-walls  and  the  cell-contents.  Mr.  Cosens  made  experi- 
ments showing  that  the  larvae  of  the  Cynipid  Amphibolips  confluens 
secretes  a  salivary  gland  enzyme  which  changes  starch  to  sugar;  he 
holds  that  this  ferment  "must  act  through  the  cell  membrane  lining 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  189 

the  interior  of  the  larval  chamber."  From  serial  cross-sections  he 
finds  that  the  alimentary  canal  of  Philonix  nigra  and  Amphibolips 
confluens,  both  gall-producers,  is  complete  throughout  and  possesses 
an  anus,  quite  the  reverse  of  previous  ideas  on  this  detail  of  Cynipid 
anatomy.  No  fragments  of  plant  cell-walls  were  found  in  the  in- 
testinal lumen  of  these  two  species,  although  such  were  found  in  the 
similarly  sectioned  lumen  of  an  inquiline.  He  also  obtained  evidence 
that  inquilines  have  a  limited  ability  to  stimulate  gall-production. 

On  the  question  of  the  response  of  the  plant  to  the  stimulus  effected 
by  the  insect  leading  to  the  production  of  a  characteristic  gall,  Mr. 
Cosens  rejects  the  conventional  view  that  the  protoplasm  of  the  plant 
has  been  endowed  with  entirely  new  characteristics  and  shows  that 
the  apparently  new  tissues  of  the  gall  can  be  found  in  other  normal 
parts  of  the  host  or  of  its  relatives. 

Another  interesting  relation  between  plant  and  insect  is  summarized 
thus :  "The  larva  secretes  an  enzyme  capable  of  changing  starch  to 
sugar  which  acts  on  the  starchy  constituents  of  the  nutritive  zone  [of 
the  galll  and  accelerates  the  rate  of  their  change  to  sugar.  The  ma- 
terial thus  prepared  supplies  nourishment  for  both  the  larva  and  the 
gall." 

There  is  a  bibliography  of  46  titles.  The  thirteen  plates  contain  85 
figures  reproduced  by  the  Heliotype  Co.,  of  Boston,  from  photographs 
of  sections  of  galls. 

Doings  of  Societies. 

AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 
Meeting  of  December  Qth,  1912,  Dr.  Philip  P.  Calvert,  Presi- 
dent, in  the  chair.  Nine  persons  present.  The  reports  of  the 
Treasurer,  Curator,  Librarian  and  Publication  Committee  were 
read.  The  annual  election  was  held  and  the  following  persons 
were  elected  to  serve  as  officers  for  the  year  1913:  President, 
Philip  P.  Calvert ;  Vice-President,  H.  W.  Wenzel ;  Treasurer, 
E.  T.  Cresson ;  Curator,  Henry  Skinner ;  Librarian,  E.  T.  Cres- 
son,  Jr.;  Recording  Secretary,  Henry  Skinner;  Corresponding 
Secretary,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn ;  Publication  Committee,  E.  T.  Cres- 
son, C.  F.  Seiss,  B.  H.  Smith;  Executive  Committee,  P.  Lau- 
rent, H.  W.  Wenzel,  D.  M.  Castle ;  Finance  Committee,  C.  S. 
Welles,  D.  M.  Castle,  Morgan  Hebard. 

Meeting  of  February  27th,  1913,  Dr.  Philip  P.  Calvert,  Presi- 
dent, in  the  chair. 

Dr.   Skinner  made  some   remarks   on  the   Hesperid  genus 


190  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April, '13 

TJianaos  and  referred  to  the  value  of  the  genitalia  as  characters 
for  specific  separation. 

Mr.  Rehn  exhibited  the  type  specimens  of  three  species  of 
Argentine  Orthoptera  which  also  represent  three  previously  un- 
known genera.  The  first,  a  walking  stick,  belongs  to  a  group 
of  genera  peculiar  to  Paraguay  and  the  adjacent  portion  of 
northern  Argentina.  The  second,  a  member  of  the  Acridid  sub- 
family Owvmexechinae,  is  a  most  interesting  annectant  type  as 
it  connects  in  numerous  characters  two  heretofore  rather  wide- 
ly separated  sections  of  the  sub-family.  The  third  genus  is  a 
very  remarkable  katydid  type  more  nearly  related  to  the  genus 
Insara  than  to  anything  else.  The  latter  genus  reaches  its 
greatest  development  in  Central  America  and  it  seems  doubt- 
ful that  several  species  recorded  from  South  America  and  as- 
signed to  the  genus  really  belong  there.  The  collection  of 
which  the  new  genera  form  part  was  made  by  Mr.  P.  Jorgensen 
and  the  study  of  the  same  developed  the  fact  that  fifty-six  of 
the  total  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-two  species  had  not  previ- 
ously been  recorded  from  Argentina.  The  major  portion  of 
the  series  was  from  the  northeastern  territory  of  the  Missiones, 
which  is  the  most  tropical  portion  of  the  country,  the  majority 
of  the  species  found  there  being  Brazilian  types. 

Mr.  Hornig  said  he  had  collected  cocoons  of  Callosamia 
angulifera  suspended  by  silk  from  the  twigs  of  the  tulip  tree 
and  exhibited  a  suspended  cocoon  which  he  thought  was  anguli- 
fera. 

Dr.  Calvert  referred  to  studies  of  the  honey  bee  made  by  Dr. 
D.  B.  Casteel,  in  which  he  had  corrected  erroneous  ideas  as  to 
the  physiology  of  parts  of  the  legs  of  these  insects. 

HENRY  SKINNER,  Secretary. 


NEWARK  ENTOMOLOGICAAL  SOCIETY. 

Meeting  of  January  14,  1912,  in  Newark  Turnhall,  New- 
ark, New  Jersey.  President  Buchholz  in  the  chair  and  four- 
teen members  present. 

Mr.  Brehme  showed  38  different  forms  of  Apantesis  and 
Mr.  Buchholz  34  forms. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS. 

Meeting  of  February  u,  1912,  in  Turnhall.  President  Buch- 
holz  in  the  chair  and  twenty-one  members  present. 

Resolved  unanimously  to  move  headquarters  from  Turnhall 
to  Newark  Free  Public  Library. 

Resolved  unanimously,  on  motion  by  Dr.  McCormick,  to 
draw  up  a  resolution  to  thank  the  Newark  Turnverein  for  hav- 
ing given  hospitality  to  our  society  for  some  years. 

Mr.  Keller  showed  male  and  female  of  Catocala  hcrodias, 
also  the  type  of  Catocala  albida. 

Mr.  George  Franck  gave  a  very  interesting  talk  on  collecting 
Lepidoptera  in  the  Catskills  (Mountain  Crest  House,  on  the 
Tannersville  Railroad),  and  showed  specimens  which  he 
caught  there,  also  a  very  interesting  box  of  different  Catocalas. 


Meeting  of  March  10,  1912,  in  the  Free  Public  Library. 
President  Buchholz  in  the  chair,  sixteen  members  present. 

Mr.  Bischoff  inquired  about  the  making  up  of  a  public  col- 
lection of  insects,  which  led  to  the  question  of  uniform  labels. 
To  take  up  this  matter,  a  committee  was  appointed,  consisting 
of  Mr.  Bischoff,  Mr.  Rommel  and  Mr.  Keller. 

A  committee  on  field  meetings  was  appointed  as  follows : 
Messrs.  Stortz,  Herman  Brehme  and  Rommel. 


Special  meeting  held  at  Mr.  Herman  H.  Brehme's  residence 
March  13,  1912,  on  account  of  the  death  of  Dr.  John  B.  Smith, 
one  of  the  members  of  our  society.  Mr.  Buchholz  presided. 
Fourteen  members  present. 

A  letter  was  received  with  invitation  to  attend  the  funeral  of 
Dr.  Smith.  This  invitation  was  accepted. 

Resolved  to  have  suitable  resolutions  drafted  and  engrossed, 
and  have  them  inserted  in  the  "Sunday  Call"  and  in  the 
"Ezrahler"  of  the  New  Jersey  Freie  Zeitung.  Also  to  have  a 
floral  piece  placed  on  his  coffin. 


Meeting  of  September  8,  1912,  in  the  Free  Public  Library, 
Mr.  Buchholz  presiding  and  twelve  members  present. 


192  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  [April,  '13 

Mr.  Doll  reported  the  capture    of    hibernating  Noctuidae : 
Jo dia  rufago  and  Copipanolis  cubilis,  both  in  early  spring. 

Mr.  Buchholz  caught  Catocala  phalanga  in  Elizabeth,  Sep- 
tember 8. 

Mr.  Lemmer  found  caterpillars  of  Catocala  epione  on  butter 
nut. 

Meeting  of  November  10,  1912,   in   the   Library,  Mr.  Buch- 
holz presiding  and  eleven  members  present. 

A  letter  was  received   from   the   Newark  Museum  Associa- 
tion asking  our  society  to  help  to  make  up  a  collection  of  New 
Jersey  insects.     The  secretary  was  ordered  to  inform  them  to 
have  12  exhibition  cases  ready  for  our  society  to  fill  with  in- 
sects of  our  State. 


Meeting  of  December  8,  1912,  in  the  Free  Public  Library, 
Mr.  Buchholz  presiding  and  fourteen  members  present. 

The  following  officers  for  the  year  1913  were  elected:  Presi- 
dent, Otto  Buchholz,  re-elected ;  Vice-President,  Henry  H. 
Brehme ;  Secretary,  Frederick  Lemmer,  re-elected ;  Financial 
Secretary,  T.  David  Mayfield,  re-elected ;  Treasurer,  George  J. 
Keller,  re-elected ;  Librarian,  Louis  Doerf el ;  Curator :  Lepi- 
doptera,  Charles  Rommel,  Coleoptera  and  other  orders,  Ed. 
Bischoff,  re-elected ;  trustee  for  three  years,  R.  Schleckser ; 
trustee  for  one  year,  John  Angelman. 

Mr.  Harry  Weiss,  of  New  Brunswick,  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber. 

FREDERICK  LEMMER,  Secretary. 


Charles  W.  Hooker,  Ph.D. 

CHARLES  W.  HOOKER,  PH.D..  entomologist  to  the  Federal 
Experiment  Station  and  plant  inspector  of  the  Port  of  Maya- 
guez,  Porto  Rico,  died  on  February  12,  at  the  age  of  thirty,  fol- 
lowing an  attack  of  appendicitis.  Dr.  Hooker,  who  was  a  grad- 
uate of  Amherst  College  in  the  Class  of  1906,  received  his  doc- 
tor's degree  in  Entomology  at  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural 
College  in  1909. — Science,  March  7,  1913. 


The  Celebrated  Original  Dust  and  Pest-Proof 

METAL  CASES 

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Described  in  "ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,"  page  177,  Vol.  XV 

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BROCK  BROS.,  Harvard  Square,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
JUST   PUBLISHED 

CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  NATURAL 
HISTORY  OF  THE   LEPIDOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 

By  WM.  BARNES,  S.B.,  H.D.,  and  J.  McDUNNOUGH,  Ph.D. 

Volume  I. — No.  i. — Revision  of  the  Cossidae.  35  pp.,  7  plates $!•$<> 

No.  2. — The  Lasiocampid  genera  Glovena  and  its  allies. 

17  pp.,  4  pis I  oo 

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No.  4. — Illustrations  of  Rare  and  Typical  Lepidoptera..  57 

PP  ,  27  pis 3.50 

No.  5. — Fifty  New  Species  ;  Notes  on  the  Genus  Alpheias. 

44  pp.,  5  pi i  50 

No.  6. — On  the  Generic  Types  of  North  American  Diurnal 

Lepidoptera.     13  pp 50 

To  be  obtained  from 

DR.  WM.   BARNES       -       -       DECATUR,   ILL. 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  VII. 


APANTESIS,   1-6,   PHYCIODES,  7,  S.-BREHME. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

AND 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY    OF    NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 

VOL.  XXIV.  MAY,  1913.  No.  5. 

CONTENTS: 


Brehme— A  Note  on  Apantesis  anna 
and  persephone  (Lepid.) 193 

Brehme— A  New  Aberration  in  Phycio- 
des  (Lepid.) 194 

Girault— Fragments  on  North  Ameri- 
can Insects- IV.  (Col.,  Lep.,  Hym.)  195 

Rowlev  and  Berr> — Last  Year's  Work 


with  Catocalae  and  other  Lepidop- 


tera 


Ellis— Seven     New     North     American 


197 


Bees  of  the  Genus  Halictus  (  Hym.)  205 
Girault— A     Twelfth     New    Genus    of 
Hymenoptera   Trichogrammatidae 
from  Australia 211 


Use  of  Ants  in  Punishments  (Hym.). . .  226 
Skinner — To  Collect  Lepidopterous 

Pupae 226 

Editorial 227 

Johannsen — Macrobrachius  in  America 

(Dipt.) 228 

Herms— Pacific  Slope  Association  of 

Economic  Entomologists 228 

Society  for  the  advancement  of  Forest 

Entomology  in  America 229 

Skinner — Notes  on  Lycaena  aymntula, 

monica  and  tejua  ( Lep.) 230 

Cuisinier — International  Exposition  of 


—  Ornithology,  Entomology  and  Bot- 

Girault  — Standards  of  the  Number  of  any 231 

Eggs  laid  by  Spiders— II 213  Green— On  the  Humming  of  Chirono- 

Aldnch— Collecting    Notes    from    the  midae  (Dipt.) 232 

Great  Basin  and  Adjoining  Terri-  (    Entomological  Literature 232 

torv  (Dipt..  Col.) 214    j    Doings  of  Societies 238 


Bird— The  Appearance  of  an  Unexpec- 
ted Noctuid  on  the  Atlantic  Sea- 
board (Lepid.) 222 


Obituary— L.  E.  Ricksecker 239 


A  Note  on  Apantesis  anna  and  persephone  (Lepid.). 

By  HERMAN  H.  BREHME,  Newark,  N.  J. 

(Plate  VII,  figs.  1-6.) 

Arctia  anna  and  persephone  were  described  by  Grote  from 
a  single  female  and  a  single  male  respectively.  It  has  long 
been  known  that  these  names  apply  to  forms  of  one  species. 
A.  anna  is  the  less  common  form  with  wholly  black  hind  wings 
and  has  been  said  by  collectors  to  have  no  male.  A.  perse- 
phone is  usually  represented  in  collections  by  the  forms  having 
yellow  hind  wings  with  a  broad  black  margin  and  a  black  dis- 
cal  lunule  joined  sometimes  to  the  marginal  band.  This  form 
occurs  commonly  in  both  sexes  (Plate  VII,  Figs,  i  and  2).  But 
with  it  are  usually  associated  males  of  a  form  having  the  mar- 
ginal band  joined  to  the  base  of  the  wing  by  black  bars  on  the 
costal  and  near  the  inner  margins  of  the  wing,  and  the  yellow 
space  left  is  sometimes  almost  completely  filled  in  with  black. 
The  form  with  considerable  yellow  on  the  disk  of  the  wing 
is,  however,  the  one  that  Grote  had  before  him  when  he  named 


194  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

persephone.  Since,  as  above  mentioned,  both  sexes  of  the 
yellow  form  occur,  it  is  fair  to  assume  that  the  blacker  form  is 
the  male  of  anna.  Indeed,  as  is  shown  by  the  extreme  form 
of  persephone  (Fig.  5),  there  seems  to  be  little  doubt  that  oc- 
casionally males  with  wholly  black  wings  do  occur.  In  Fig.  3 
is  shown  a  specimen  of  typical  persephone.  From  it  will  be 
seen  the  gradation  into  typical  anna. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  VII. 

Fig.  i  Apantesis  anna,  yellow  form  male. 
Fig.  2  Apantesis  anna,  yellow  form  female. 
Fig.  3  Apantesis  anna  v.  persephone,  typical  male. 
Figs.  4  and  5  Apantesis,  intermediates  between  persephone  and  anna, 
males. 

Fig.  6  Apantesis  anna,  typical  female. 


A  new  Aberration  in  Phyciodes  (Lepid.). 

By  HERMAN  H.  BREHME,  Newark,  New  Jersey. 

(Plate  VII,  figs.  7  and  8.) 
Phyciodes  picta  Edw.  ab.  jemezensis  n.  ab. 

Above :  Primaries  black ;  three  small  fulvous  spots  in  the  discal  cell ; 
an  outer  row  of  six  pale  spots,  the  last  two  of  which  are  fulvous  and 
rather  obscure;  this  row  of  spots  is  succeeded  by  a  broken  shade  line 
of  a  yellow  color  which  in  the  normal  form  of  picta  is  almost  absent. 
Secondaries  also  black,  with  an  angular,  rather  broad  fulvous  band 
crossing  the  wing  about  one-third  out.  The  band  originates  a  little  be- 
low the  costa  and  extends  only  to  a  little  below  the  cubital  vein.  An 
outer  row  of  three  or  four  very  faint  fulvous  spots  followed  by  an 
equally  obscure  whitish  shade  line  more  pronounced  near  the  inner 
margin.  Fringes  of  both  wings  as  the  normal  form.  Beneath  as  in 
normal  specimens,  but  the  black  markings  of  the  primaries  are  more 
suffused  and  the  fulvous  spots  form  a  continuous  band  passing  through 
the  center  of  the  wing.  Two  rather  small  brown  spots  which  are  not 
present  in  normal  specimens  are  near  the  center  of  the  yellow  hind 
wings. 

Type. — One  male  in  the  collection  of  the  author. 
Habitat. — Jemez  Springs,  New  Mexico,  June  21,  1912. 
This  handsome  aberration  was  bred  by  Mr.  John  Woodgate 
along  with  numbers  of  the  typical  form. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  VII. 

Fig.  7.     Upper  side,  Fig.  8.     Under  side,  of  Phyciodes  picta,  n.  ab. 
jemezensis. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  195 

Fragments  on  North  American  Insects — IV. 

By  A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland, 

Australia. 

1.  Duration  of  the  Pupal  Stadium  of  Lucanus  placidus  (Col.) 
A  nearly  grown  grub  of  this  beetle  was  found  just  under  the 
surface  of  the  ground  at  the  base  of  a  stump  at  Blacksburg, 
Virginia,  July  10,  1902.  It  was  suitably  confined,  formed  the 
prepupa  about  August  i,  pupated  on  August  3  and  became  adult 
not  until  the  sixth  of  October.  It  was  not  fed  and  died  on  Oc- 
tober 21. 

2.  Asymmetry  in  Telea  polyphemus  Cramer  (Lep.) 
Two  hundred  and  thirty-five  eggs  were  deposited  by  a  fe- 
male of  this  species  captured  August  7,  1902,  at  Blacksburg, 
Virginia.  A  full-grown  caterpillar  taken  from  an  oak  tree  on 
August  26  had  the  spiracle  on  the  left  side  of  the  eighth  ab- 
dominal segment  missing,  being  replaced  by  a  wartlike  protub- 
erance. Also,  on  the  same  side  of  the  meson,  in  the  lateral  as- 
pect, there  were  only  seven  of  the  oblique  yellow  stripes  pres- 
ent, while  eight  were  on  the  opposite  side ;  the  missing  stripe 
was  correlated  with  the  missing  spiracle;  to  complete  the  sym- 
metry there  should  have  been  a  stripe  on  the  eighth  abdominal 
segment.  This  caterpillar  appeared  to  be  parasitized,  since 
there  were  present  also  several  black-rimmed  holes  on  one  of  the 
thoracic  segments. 

3.     Duration  of  Egg  Stage  of  Prionoxystus  robiniae  (Lep.). 

Nine  eggs  deposited  by  a  female  captured  at  light,  late  P.  M.,  June 
2,  1902,  hatched  late  P.  M.,  June  17,  1002,  or  after  about  fifteen  days. 
The  larvae  refused  foliage  of  all  kinds,  but  accepted  twigs  of  locust. 
Blacksburg,  Virginia. 

4.     Epargyreus  tityrus  (Lep.) 

The  caterpillars  of  this  butterfly  were  very  abundant  at  An- 
napolis, Maryland,  during  the  latter  part  of  September,  1902, 
on  locust.  They  live  singly  in  a  cocoon-like  shelter  formed  by 
tying  together  two  leaves.  When  feeding  they  leave  the  shel- 
ter and  this  is  usually  done  at  night,  though  in  the  day  an  oc- 
casional larva  may  be  seen  crawling  about.  From  several  lar- 


196  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

vae  confined  on  September  25,  three  chrysalids  were  obtained 
two  days  later.  The  adults  did  not  issue  until  the  following 
June.  Pupation  occurs  within  the  larval  shelter. 

5.  Pentilia  misella  (Col.) 

Pupae  of  this  minute  ladybeetle  formed  October  28,  1902,  emerged 
November  19,  1902,  at  Salem,  Virginia.  About  October  20,  1902,  larvae 
were  still  numerous,  but  all  had  practically  disappeared  by  the  first 
of  November. 

6.  Nadata  gibbosa  (Lep.) 

A  caterpillar  of  this  species  was  obtained  at  Blacksburg,  Virginia, 
June  23,  1902,  from  the  trunk  of  an  oak ;  it  molted  on  June  30,  losing 
the  anal  loop  of  yellow.  On  July  2  it  commenced  to  construct  a  cocoon, 
completing  it  on  July  4;  July  6,  pupa  present;  July  16,  the  adult 
emerged. 

In  the  penultimate  stadium  the  caterpillar  is  smooth  and  pale  bluish 
green  with  red  spiracles,  large,  prominent,  broad,  grayish  head  and  a 
loop  of  yellow  around  the  caudal  margin  of  the  anal  shield.  Also  a 
few  pale  longitudinal  stripes  along  the  dorsum.  A  larva  obtained 
crawling  over  the  ground  August  13,  1902,  made  a  cocoon  on  August 
15  and  the  chrysalid  was  formed  on  August  18.  The  pupa  hibernated. 

7.  Coleoptera  Reared  from  Bullet  Galls,  Holcaspis. 
During  early  March,  1903,  at  Blacksburg,  Virginia,  a  small 
number  of  the  old,  vacated  galls  of  several  species  of  Holcaspis 
from  oaks  were  kept  in  confinement  with  the  result  that  several 
insects  were  obtained  from  them.  On  June  13,  the  lot  was  ex- 
amined. The  beetle  Otidoccphalus  laevicollis  Horn,  as  identi- 
fied by  Schwarz,  was  obtained  in  six  instances.  Two  had  al- 
ready emerged,  while  four  others  were  found  when  the  galls 
were  opened ;  they  were  within  the  larval  case  of  the  cynipid. 
the  exit-hole  of  which  was  plugged  with  frass.  The  larvae  of 
this  beetle  probably  feed  upon  the  substance  of  the  gall,  using 
the  larval  case  of  the  cynipid  for  pupation.  A  single  adult  of 
Hypothenemus  dissimilis  and  three  of  Hemiptychus  castaneus 
were  also  obtained.  These  were  likewise  identified  by  Schwarz. 

8.   Polynema  psecas   Girault    (Hymen.) 

I  have  a  single  additional  female  specimen  of  this  rather 
rare  Mymarid  captured  in  turf  at  Urbana,  Illinois,  April  22, 
I9°9  (J-  D.  Hood).  The  second  funicle  joint  was  wholly 
black  like  the  joints  following  it. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  197 

9.  A  New  Locality  for  Polynema  consobrinus  Girault  (Hymen.). 
Mr.  R.  L.  Webster  has  also  sent  me  a  single  male  specimen 
of  this  species  on  a  slide  labelled  "On  leaves  of  Ptelea  trifoli- 
ata,  associated  with  Empoasca  flavescens,  Ames,  Iowa,  July 
15,  1911."  He  suggests  that  it  may  be  parasitic  upon  the  eggs 
of  the  Empoasca;  the  suggestion  is  probably  true. 


Last   Year's   Work   with   Catocalae   and   other 

Lepidoptera. 
By  R.  R.  ROWLEY  and  L.  BERRY,  Louisiana,  Missouri. 

As  in  the  previous  spring,  the  eggs  of  Catocalae  were  kept 
cool  till  a  supply  of  young  leaves  was  ready  for  the  hatch- 
lings,  and  the  earliest  larvae  were  those  of  innubens  that 
emerged  on  the  5th  of  May,  followed  on  the  7th  by  those  of 
both  retecta  and  luciana. 

May  1 2th,  a  larva  of  C.  luciana,  feeding  on  willow  and  five 
days  old,  having  hatched  May  7th, 

was  nearly  one-half  an  inch  long,  brown  along  the  side,  indistinctly 
striped  longitudinally  with  lighter.  Dorsum  light  with  mid-longi- 
tudinal white  or  cream-colored  band  or  stripe.  Head  a  little  flattened 
above,  light  brown  or  chestnut.  The  two  hind  prolegs  only  full  length, 
the  two  pairs  in  front  being  short  and  unused,  the  front  pair  the  short- 
est. 

The  larvae  before  the  first  moult  is  dirty  ground  color  with  a  tinge 
of  green.  Head  large  and  bright  chestnut  color. 

May  i8th,  larva  of  C.  luciana  three-fourths  of  an  inch  long,  tan  or 
light  brown  with  a  flattened  head  like  that  of  cara  having  a  lateral 
black  dash  from  the  center  above  to  the  mouth.  Inside  of  the  dashes 
the  color  is  brighter  than  that  of  the  body.  Dorsum  lighter  than  the 
body  color.  A  slight  hump  over  the  third  pair  of  prolegs  in  a  black 
cross  band  or  patch  as  in  cara.  The  8th  dorsal  pair  of  tubercles 
stronger  than  the  rest  and  black  laterally.  The  mid-dorsal  line  quite 
yellow.  The  larva  described  was  nearly  an  inch  long.  Others  of  a  sec- 
ond lot  but  half  an  inch  long  and  light  brown. 

May  23rd.  The  larvae  of  luciana  one  and  one-fourth  to  one  and  one- 
half  inches  long,  light  brown.  The  head  as  in  cara,  flat  and  with  lateral 
black  dash  or  streak  and  inner  elongate  ellipses,  two  in  number  sur- 
rounded by  narrow  black.  The  true  legs  are  a  little  lighter  than  the 
body  color.  The  hump  over  the  third  abdominal  prolegs  is  low,  deeper 
brown  with  yellow  crest.  The  tubercles  are  reddish  brown.  The  last 


198  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May, '13 

two  pairs  of  prolegs  are  very  light,  almost  cream  color,  outside  flanked 
by  very  dark  brown. 

On  May  26th  larvae  of  Catocala  luciana  after  4th  (?)  moult,  some- 
what lighter  color  than  before  the  moult,  but  taking  on  a  grayish  tinge, 
a  day  or  two  later.  The  hump  over  the  third  pair  of  prolegs  red  brown. 
Head,  the  same  color.  Lateral  setae  short  but  thick.  The  larvae  at  this 
time  were  nearly  two  inches  long. 

May  2Qth.  Grown  larvae  of  Catocala  luciana  two  and  one-half  inches 
long,  light  brown,  with  a  reddish  tint.  Tubercles  deeper  red  brown. 
Head,  as  in  cara  with  yellow  lobes  above  and  a  lateral  brown  facial 
dash.  The  true  legs,  body  color.  Prolegs  slightly  browner.  The  body 
indistinctly  lined  longitudinally.  Lateral  setae  very  short. 

There  are  two  colors  that  prevailed  among  the  larvae,  one 
light  reddish  brown  and  the  other  slightly  bluer  or  with  a 
leaden  tint. 

It  is  proper  to  state  in  this  connection  that  the  chrysalids 
from  these  larvae  gave  two  types  of  imagoes,  possibly  distinct 
specifically.  The  eggs  were  laid  by  two  females  and  sent  to 
the  senior  author,  the  autumn  before,  from  Denver,  Colorado. 

At  the  time  the  senior  author  visited  the  locality  on  the 
Platte  River  and  took  numbers  of  the  moths  under  the  wagon 
bridge  over  that  stream,  none  other  than  luciana  were  seen 
among  the  scores  that  were  frightened  from  their  hiding 
places.  It  was  hardly  more  than  a  week  from  that  time  that 
Mr.  Dulany  obtained  the  females  that  laid  the  eggs  mentioned 
above. 

On  June  ist  there  is  this  record  on  luciana.  Larvae  very 
light  gray  with  a  small,  somewhat  darker  cross  hump  over  the 
third  abdominal  prolegs.  The  darker  larvae  remind  one  of 
parta  caterpillars,  the  lighter  ones  of  concumbens.  The  first 
larva  began  spinning  under  paper  on  the  above  date,  25  days 
from  hatching. 

The  larvae  of  C.  luciana  spun  from  the  ist  to  the  6th  of 
June  while  the  retecta  began  on  the  5th. 

The  pupae  of  Catocala  luciana  gave  the  first  imagoes  of  that 
species  on  July  3d.  Both  were  males.  This  is  nearly  a  month 
earlier  than  the  species  appears  in  Colorado.  The  chrysalis 
period  of  this  moth  is  one  month  as  the  larvae  of  these  two 
moths  pupated  in  the  first  week  of  June. 

The  first  female  imagoes  of  C.  luciana  emerged  on  the  6th 
of  July. 

, 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  199 

The  larva  of  C.  luciana  spins  a  thin  cocoon  in  leaves  like 
that  of  cara  and  others,  and  the  pupa  is  brown,  covered  by  a 
whitish  pruinescence  as  in  cara. 

The  innubens  larvae,  as  in  past  years,  were  little  trouble  to 
rear,  being  perfectly  healthy,  and  rapidly  matured,  but,  from 
crowding  in  the  jars,  were  a  little  undersized.  All  were  h'mda 
as  was  their  mother.  Among  the  earliest  moths  taken  in  the 
woods  in  the  last  three  years  by  the  senior  author  were  a  few 
beautiful  specimens  of  this  variety  with  a  white  spot  set  in  a 
faintly  purplish  fore  wing. 

On  his  first  visit  to  "Catocala  Hollow,"  June  2/th,  George 
Dulany  took  two  hinda  along  with  ilia  and  epione.  During 
the  succeeding  two  or  three  weeks  this  same  moth  was  found 
abundant,  resting  on  the  tree  trunks  near  the  ground,  often 
half  a  dozen  of  them  flying  off  on  our  near  approach.  One 
small  tree  especially  seemed  to  be  very  attractive  to  these 
"Cato-moths"  and  equally  attractive  to  us  as  we  took  some 
beauties  there.  This  was  near  the  entrance  to  the  hollow, 
where  trees  were  few,  a  little  to  the  left  of  the  path  just  as 
it  ascended  a  steep  hillock,  in  a  clump  of  bushes  and  young 
trees. 

The  larvae  of  Catocala  innubens  that  hatched  May  5th  be- 
gan spinning  in  the  honey  locust  foliage  in  three  weeks  and 
were  chrysalids  in  a  month  from  the  time  they  began  eating. 

The  first  imago  of  Catocala  innubens  from  bred  pupae 
emerged  June  27th. 

On  the  8th  of  May  the  eggs  of  Catocala  ridita  hatched. 

On  June  8th  many  of  the  lidua  larvae  were  passing  their 
last  moult  and  were  nearly  two  and  a  half  inches  long. 

After  moulting,  the  caterpillars  are  very  light  pinkish  gray  with  in- 
distinct longitudinal  lines  and  bands  of  darker  dots.  The  cross  hand 
between  the  third  and  fourth  prolegs  on  the  dorsum,  very  dark  brown. 
Lateral  setae  about  as  long  as  in  retccta.  The  head,  pinkish  brown 
with  cream-colored  longitudinal  wavy  lines.  No  cheek  dash  of  black 
but  the  front  edge  of  the  head  shield  is  black.  Tubercles  flesh  color. 
True  legs,  flesh  color.  The  underside  of  the  body  is  pale  greenish  with 
a  midventral  row  of  black  spots. 

Some  days  after  the  last  moult,  the  larvae  of  C.  vidua  present  white 
ventral  surface  with  central  row  of  black  spots  in  red  brown  spots. 


2OO  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [May,  '13 

June  I4th.  Full  grown  larvae  of  C.  vidna  are  three  inches  long,  ashen 
gray  with  cream-colored  tubercles.  A  row  of  lateral  setae.  The  body 
covered  by  minute  black  dots  that  more  or  less  arrange  themselves  in 
longitudinal  lines  that  outline  indistinct  longitudinal  bands,  thirteen  in 
number.  A  dark  cross  band  over  the  dorsum  between  the  third  and 
fourth  pairs  of  prolegs.  The  true,  as  well  as  the  prolegs,  are  body 
color.  Head,  light  gray  with  red  brown  irregular  lines.  A  slight  black 
dash  either  side  of  the  mouth.  Some  specimens  have  a  slight  reddish 
tint  while  others  are  slightly  darker  gray.  All  larvae  before  the  last 
moult  are  reddish. 

On  the  I5th  of  June  the  first  vidua  larva  began  to  spin. 

From  overcrowding,  disease  carried  off  a  number  of  the 
larvae  of  vidua  and  pernyi. 

The  larvae  of  both  vidua  and  retecta  likewise  spin  their 
cocoons  between  leaves  and  the  pupae,  as  in  other  species,  are 
brown,  covered  by  a  white  pruinescence. 

The  first  imago  of  Catocala  vidua  emerged  on  July  2Oth,  a 
full  month  after  pupation,  allowing  five  days  between  spinning 
and  pupation. 

On  May  26th  the  larvae  of  Catocala  retecta  were  about  two 
inches  long. 

On  June  ist,  about  two  and  three-fourth  inches  long,  dark  uniform 
gray  with  a  broad,  illy-defined  cross,  dark  brown  band  between  the  3rd 
and  4th  abdominal  segments.  These  larvae  hatched  May  /th. 

June  8th.  The  larvae  of  C.  retecta  fully  grown,  measuring  two  and 
three-fourth  inches,  light  gray  with  longitudinal  lines  of  wavy  dots  and 
dashes.  The  cross  band  between  the  third  and  fourth  pairs  of  prolegs, 
somewhat  darker  than  the  general  body  color.  The  tubercles  cream 
color.  Lateral  setae  present.  The  head  has  the  color  of  the  rest  of 
the  body,  with  black  cheek  dash.  The  logitudinal  dark  lines  form  nar- 
row bands. 

A  larva  of  Catocala  minuta,  found  feeding  on  honey  locust 
by  the  junior  author,  was  one  and  three-eighths  inches  long  on 

June  6th,  dark  brown  with  light  gray  patches.  Head,  small,  gray,  flat. 
A  slight  hump  over  the  first  abdominal  segment  with  a  minute  black 
dot  on  each  side.  The  hump  is  gray.  There  is  a  cross  hump  between 
the  second  and  third  abdominal  prolegs  on  the  dorsum,  gray  in  front 
and  darker  behind  with  a  small  white  crest.  There  is  a  lateral  row  of 
short  setae.  A  sharp  crest  is  over  the  eighth  abdominal  segment  as  in 
other  Catocala  larvae.  The  ventral  side  is  pale  green  with  a  row  of 
medial  black  spots. 

The  larva  of  Catocala  minuta  spun  on  June  7th  and  the 
pupa  gave  an  imago  on  June  3Oth. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  2OI 

On  the  same  day,  May  23d,  eggs  of  Smerinthus  ophthalmi- 
cus,  received  from  Mr.  E.  A.  Dodge,  of  Santa  Cruz,  Califor- 
nia, hatched.  The  young  larvae  were  white  with  large,  green- 
ish heads  and  strong  brown  caudal  horns,  curved  backward. 
The  eggs  were  small,  and  often  with  red  rims,  as  in  ova  of 
S<M.  geminatus,  myops!_modesta  and  excaecatus.  In  fact, 
ophtlialmicus  eggs  are  hardly  distinguishable  from  those  of 
excaecatus  in  size  and  shape. 

May  2Qth.  Larvae  of  Smerinthus  ophtlialmicus,  hatched  on  the  23rd, 
moulted  for  the  first  time  on  the  27th.  After  the  first  moult  the 
"worm"  is  light  green  with  a  light,  almost  white  lateral  line.  Head 
pointed  above.  Caudal  horn  strong,  directed  backward,  yellow  green 
with  a  rich  red  brown  line  at  the  base.  The  horn  nearly  half  an  inch 
long. 

June  2nd.  Larva  after  second  moult,  three-fourths  of  an  inch  long, 
light  green  with  light  toothed  lines.  Caudal  horn  light  with  faint  vio- 
let at  the  base.  Head,  triangular.  Much  like  excaecatus. 

The  larvae  moulted  the  third  time  on  June  7th.  After  the  third 
moult,  the  larvae  are  one  and  one-fourth  inches  long,  dark  green  with 
pale  yellow,  toothed  sphingial  bands  or  lines.  Small  pale  yellow  gran- 
ules cover  the  body.  The  head  is  blunt  triangular,  hardly  sharp  at  the 
apex,  dark  green  with  strong  yellow  facial  lines  (one  to  each  side). 
The  last  sphingial  band  extends  to  the  base  of  the  caudal  horn  and  is 
stronger  and  yellower  than  the  other  bands,  except  the  facial  bands. 
The  caudal  horn  rather  strong,  medium  length,  directed  backward  and 
but  little  curved.  The  horn  is  rosy  on  the  sides  and  behind  nearly  to 
the  apex  where  it  is  yellow  green.  The  front  side  of  the  horn  is  blue. 
The  true  legs  are  rosy  with  green  bases.  The  prolegs  are  of  the  body 
color.  The  caudal  shield  has  a  yellow  edge. 

On  June  i6th  the  larvae  were  two  and  one-fourth  to  two  and  one- 
half  inches  long,  yellow-green  with  lighter  granules.  Longitudinal  lines 
that  bound  the  dorsum  and  the  sphingial  bands  are  pale  white  or  yel- 
lowish. The  last  sphingial  band  extends  from  the  middle  of  the  sixth 
segment  to  the  base  of  the  caudal  horn  and  is  strong  and  yellow.  The 
head  is  triangular,  rather  sharp  and  bluish  in  front  with  lateral  yellow 
band.  The  true  legs  are  pale  red.  The  caudal  horn  neatly  straight, 
directed  backward,  blue  in  front  and  violet  behind.  Spiracles  small, 
elliptical,  almost  black  with  yellow  centers. 

The  first  larva  of  5".  ophtlialmicus  burrowed  on  June  i6th. 
On  the  same  date  the  Smerinthus  gcminatus  larvae  began 
burrowing. 

The  mature  larva  of  5m.  ophthalmicus  burrows  about  as 
deeply  as  that  of  excaecatus  and  the  chrysalis  is  about  the 


202  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [May, '13 

same  size  and  color  as  that  of  the  latter,  being  one  and  one- 
half  inches  long,  thick,  dark  brown,  probably  as  dark  as  that 
of  geminatus. 

The  first  two  imagoes,  male  and  female,  of  ophthalmicus 
emerged  during  the  night  of  July  8-9  and  both  were  deformed, 
twenty-one  and  twenty-two  days  from  burrowing  or  fifteen 
to  sixteen  days  from  pupation. 

The  deformed  female  ophthalmicus  laid  one  hundred  and 
thirty-two  eggs,  a  number  of  which  were  infertile.  A  part  of 
these  eggs  were  sent  to  the  junior  author,  who  secured  imagoes 
from  them,  while  the  senior  author  signally  failed  to  rear  the 
larvae  of  the  rest. 

On  July  loth  two  splendid  females  of  ophthalmicus  emerged. 

Eggs  of  Sm.  ophthalmicus  hatched  six  days  after  they  were 
laid.  In  color  the  egg  is  pale  yellow,  a  little  flattened,  ellipti- 
cal and  usually  with  a  peripheral  red  streak  halfway  around. 

The  deformed  female  Sm.  ophthalmicus  died  the  night  after 
she  laid  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  eggs,  or  two  days 
after  emergence.  The  deformed  male  companion  to  the  fe- 
male died  four  days  after  emergence. 

On  the  same  day  that  the  retecta  and  hiciana  eggs  hatched, 
May  7th,  the  ova  of  Antherea  pernyi  gave  larvae  and,  on  the 
afternoon  of  that  day,  those  of  Cricula  andrei.  These  latter 
two  are  Asiatic  Saturnids,  the  first  a  second  cousin  of  our  own 
splendid  polyphemus  and  the  other  distantly  related  to  io, 
possessing  his  stinging  qualities. 

On  the  1 2th  of  June  the  first  larva  of  Antherea  pernyi  began 
to  spin,  thirty-six  days  after  the  first  eggs  hatched.  On  the 
1 3th  four  larvae  of  Cricula  andrei  began  their  cocoons,  thirty- 
seven  days  from  hatching. 

The  larvae  of  Antherea  pernyi  and  Cricula  andrei  continued 
to  cocoon  till  June  26th  and  those  of  Catocala  vidua  till  the 
29th. 

The  first  A.  pernyi,  a  female  and  deformed,  came  from  the 
cocoon  on  the  I4th  of  July.  A  male  of  that  species  emerged 
at  4  o'clock  P.  M.  the  same  day  and  these  were  all  that  the 
fifteen  or  sixteen  cocoons  ever  gave.  After  spinning,  the  lar- 
vae died  without  pupating.  Allowing  six  to  eight  days  after 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  2O3 

beginning  the  cocoon  before  pupating,  the  chrysalis  period  of 
pernyi  is  about  twenty-four  or  twenty-five  days. 

The  first  imagoes  of  Cricula  andrei  appeared  on  July  loth, 
twenty-seven  days  from  the  time  they  began  spinning  their 
cocoons. 

The  first  imago  of  Cressonia  juglandis  from  autumn  chrysa- 
lis emerged  on  the  29th  of  May. 

Eggs  of  Catocala  relicta  furnished  by  the  junior  author 
hatched  on  the  23d  of  May. 

From  captured  females  of  Sm.  e.vcaecatus  and  geminatus, 
ova  were  laid  respectively  on  the  i8th  and  22d  of  May  and 
the  larvae  hatched  and  in  due  time  pupated,  those  of  the  for- 
mer failing  to  a  one  to  give  imagoes  in  the  summer  and 
autumn,  while  the  geminatus  chrysalids  yielded  moths  in  July. 

Eggs  from  a  captured  female  polyphemus  were  laid  May 

2Oth. 

May  25th,  eggs  of  Actias  Inna  hatched. 

The  first  imago  of  Everyx  versicolor  from  pupae  received 
from  New  Jersey  emerged  May  25th. 

June  1 5th,  I  found  two  larvae  of  Catocala  neogama  and  one 
of  C.  piatrix  between  shingles  leaning  against  a  small  walnut 
tree.  All  three  of  these  were  small,  probably  past  second 
moult.  We  have  .referred  to  the  shingle  trap  in  a  previous 
paper  on  Catocala  larvae. 

Mr.  George  Dulany  took  imagoes  of  Catocala  cpione,  ilia 
and  innubens  in  the  woods  on  June  27th. 

On  June  28th,  the  senior  author,  accompanied  by  Mr.  Du- 
lany, visited  "Catocala  Hollow"  and  took  seven  Catocala 
epione,  two  polygama,  two  innubens  and  sixteen  ilia,  including 
a  white  spotted  one  of  the  latter  species.  At  the  same  time 
we  took  a  Ceratomia  undulosa  moth. 

The  first  larva  of  Smerinthus  e.vcaccatns  burrowed  on  July 
ist. 

Imagoes  of  Sm.  geminatus  emerged  on  July  5th,  twenty 
days  from  burrowing  and  fourteen  or  fifteen  days  from  pupa- 
tion. 

On  July  6th,  took  in  the  woods,  in  addition  to  species  cap- 
tured on  the  previous  day,  two  beautiful  specimens  of  Catncala 


2O4  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [May, '13 

insolabilis  and  saw  a  specimen  of  ultronia.  The  insolabilis 
were  taken  on  a  small  linden  tree. 

The  first  Catocala  piatrli-  larva  spun  on  July  9th.  The  first 
imagoes  of  C.  retecta  emerged  on  July  loth,  about  thirty-five 
days  from  burrowing  or  thirty  days  from  pupation. 

The  first  imago  of  Citheronia  regalis  emerged  on  July  4th. 

A  second  regalis  slipped  its  chrysalis  skin  on  the  9th  of  July. 
On  July  5th,  in  company  with  Ralph  Dodge,  the  senior  author 
took,  in  the  woods,  C.  innnbens,  scintillans,  arnica,  neogama, 
palaeogama  and  a  fine  parta.  Ralph  captured  two  fine  nebu- 
losa  and  a  number  of  ilia  and  polygama. 

The  first  C.  neogama,  from  a  chrysalis  was  on  July  nth. 

Captured  a  fine  male  regalis  at  light  on  July  2oth. 

The  senior  author  took  a  few  Catocala  residua  in  the  woods 
from  July  2Oth  to  August  loth.  The  pupal  state  of  Catocala 
relicta  is  about  sixteen  to  eighteen  days. 

Moths  of  the  second  brood  of  imagoes  of  polyphemus  from 
July  2Oth  to  26th,  the  eggs  having  been  laid  in  May.  The 
imagoes  of  the  second  brood  are  redder  than  those  of  the  first 
or  spring  brood. 

The  first  Catocala  cara  taken  in  the  woods  in  1912  were  cap- 
tured on  the  27th  of  July.  The  first  lacrymosa  on  the  same 
day,  a  fine  ei'elina,  and  saw  the  first  viduata.  The  first 
retecta  was  taken  on  July  29th,  as  also  the  first  phalanga  and 
habilis. 

On  the  same  date  took  three  other  lacrymosa  and  a  splendid 
viduata. 

On  the  29th,  the  senior  author  took  in  the  woods,  thirteen 
species  and  two  good  varieties  of  Catocala. 

The  cocoons  of  the  second  brood  of  polyphemus  gave 
imagoes  in  from  twenty-five  to  twenty-seven  days  from  the 
time  the  larvae  began  to  spin. 

July  29th  was  the  best  Catocala  day  of  the  season.  The 
weather  was  warm,  dry  and  cloudless  and  numbers  of  the 
moths  were  low  on  the  tree  trunks.  On  the  3ist,  a  day  in 
every  respect  a  duplicate  of  the  29th  as  to  weather,  few  moths 
were  to  be  seen  in  the  woods,  and  they  were  mostly  high  on 
the  trees. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  2O5 

On  July  3 ist,  a  single  specimen  of  Enparthenos  nubilis  was 
taken  in  "Catocala  Hollow." 

A  brood  of  Papilio  philenor  larvae  feeding  on  Aristolochia 
sipho  and  serpentaria  in  the  back  yard  of  the  senior  author 
were  ready  to  pupate  on  the  4th  of  August. 

The  first  vidua  of  the  season  in  the  woods  was  taken  on  the 
:6th  of  August. 

A  full  grown  larva  of  Catocala  piatrix  was  found  feeding 
on  walnut,  August  the  9th. 

Sugaring  on  the  night  of  the  I7th  of  August,  a  number  of 
specimens  of  Catocala  cara,  vidua,  habilis,  retecta  and  residua, 
two  hawk  moths  and  a  number  of  Homoptera  were  taken  by 
the  senior  author  and  Mr.  G.  W.  Dulany. 

On  September  I4th,  accompanied  by  Prof.  F.  E.  Alsup  and 
Harold  Davenport,  the  senior  author  took  one  Catocala 
robinsoni,  the  first  of  the  season,  battered  specimens  of  a  num- 
ber of  other  Catocalae,  Deiopeia  bella  and  larvae  and  chrysalids 
of  Anaea  andria. 

The  rest  of  the  season  was  spent  rearing  larvae  of  Anaea 
andria,  the  last  of  which  pupated  October  i8th. 

In  much  of  the  work  of  rearing  larvae,  during  last  summer, 
the  Senior  Author  was  kindly  assisted  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Dulany. 


Seven    New    North   American   Bees   of   the    Genus 

Halictus  (Hym.). 
By  MRS.  MARION  DURBIN  ELLIS,  Boulder,  Colorado. 

During  the  study  of  some  material  of  the  genus  Halictus.  in 
the  collection  of  Professor  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell,  the  following 
new  species  were  distinguished.  These  species  all  belong  to 
the  sub-genus  Chloral-ictus  Robertson  and  are  further  charac- 
terized by  the  more  or  less  distinctly  metallic,  green  or  blue 
abdomen.  The  work  was  done  in  the  Zoological  laboratory  of 
the  University  of  Colorado,  under  the  direction  of  Professor 
Cockerell. 

Halictus  succinipennis  sp.  nov. 

9  . — length  about  seven  (7)  mm.  Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen,  me- 
tallic green.  Face  much  longer  than  wide,  slightly  concave  toward 


206  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [May,  '13 

the  antennal  fossae;  clypeus  produced  half  its  length  beyond  the  lower 
margin  of  the  eye;  face  opaque  except  over  the  clypeus  and  frons,  at 
the  lower  tip  of  the  median  carina;  very  closely  punctured  above  and 
finely  roughened  below.  Mesothorax  opaque  throughout,  rather  finely 
and  very  closely  punctured,  and  finely  roughened ;  parapsidal  grooves 
short,  median  groove  distinct,  much  deeper  in  front.  The  disc  of  the 
scutum  blue-green,  the  scutellum  and  postscutellum  brassy-green. 
Basal  area  of  the  metathorax  with  a  low,  rounded,  finely  roughened 
rim  with  numerous  very  crooked  rugae,  which  are  straighter  and  more 
distinct  near  the  sides.  Tegulae  pale  testaceous.  Wings  amber  hya- 
line ;  stigma  and  nervures  pale  testaceous.  Tarsi  dark  brown.  Abdo- 
men rather  broad  and  blunt,  rich  metallic  green ;  the  disc  of  even  the 
first  segment  finely  punctured ;  the  very  narrow  apical  margin  of  each 
segment  testaceous,  segments  3  to  5  densely  covered  with  short,  closely 
appressed,  pale  grayish  or  whitish  hair.  Pubescence  comparatively 
abundant  and  whitish  throughout,  somewhat  ochraceous  on  the  legs 
and  scutellum. 

Hob.  Florissant,  Colorado,  two  (—  type'),  6.9  mm.  long,  on 
sand,  June  14,  1908  (S.  A.  Rohwer)  ;  one  nearly  7  mm.  long, 
June  21,  1908,  (S.  A.  Rohwer)  one  7  mm.,  June  23,  1907  (S. 
A.  Rohwer). 

This  species  is  very  near  H.  pruinosus  Rob.  from  which  it 
differs  in  the  yellow  wings,  and  finely  punctured  disc  of  the 
first  abdominal  segment.  The  pubescence  of  the  abdomen  is 
not  yellow  as  in  H.  pilosus  Sm. 

Halictus  pavoninus  sp,  nov. 

9. — Head  and  mesothorax  dark,  greenish  blue;  basal  area  of  the 
metathorax  and  the  abdomen  darker  blue.  Head  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  narrowed  below  and  with  the  clypeus  produced  so  that  the  face 
appears  triangular,  eyes  narrow ;  face  finely  and  closely  punctured, 
only  the  frons  and  clypeus  shiny;  under  side  of  the  flagellum  dusky 
testaceous.  Mesopleura  with  shallow,  coarse,  irregular  punctures; 
upper  end  of  the  metapleura  with  three  or  four  irregular  plicae  di- 
rected toward  its  upper  anterior  angle ;  mesonotum  somewhat  shiny 
in  spite  of  the  numerous,  close,  rather  fine  punctures.  Basal  area  of 
the  metathorax  without  a  rim,  the  edge  broadly  rounded  and  finely 
roughened,  slightly  indented  at  the  middle,  plicae  weak,  numerous,  and 
irregular.  Tegulre  pale  testaceous,  darker  at  the  base.  Wings  brown- 
ish hyaline;  third  submarginal  cell  one  and  one-half  as  wide  as  the 
second ;  stigma  dusky  testaceous,  nervures  dusky  testaceous  to  dark 
brown  on  the  costal  nervure.  Legs  black  to  piceous,  inner  spur  of  the 
hind  tibia  with  a  series  of  four  or  five  graduated  teeth.  Abdomen 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  2O7 

sharp  behind;  disc  of  the  first  segment  very  shiny,  the  others  a  little 
less  so,  all  the  segments  very  finely  punctured,  less  conspicuously  line- 
olated ;  apical  margins  of  the  segments  testaceous ;  discs  of  segments 
4  and  5  and  the  sides  of  the  other  segments  covered  with  thin,  short, 
pale  gray  hairs,  thicker  and  more  ochractous  around  the  anal  rima. 
Pubescence  scant,  not  very  dense  even  on  the  legs,  where  it  is  pale 
yellowish  gray;  whitish  below. 

Hab.  Tolland,  Colorado,  altitude  8,900  ft.  one  (=  type) 
6  mm.,  near  the  Mountain  Laboratory. 

This  species  seems  to  be  related  to  H.  veganus  Ckll.,  from 
which  it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  longer  face,  and  the  close- 
ly punctured  mesonotum  which  is  not  opaque  with  fine  lineola- 
tions. 

Halictus  lazulis  sp.  nov. 

$  .. — Length  about  six  (6)  mm.  Much  like  H.  pruinosiformis  Crawf. 
in  general  contour,  rich  peacock  blue  throughout.  Face  very  slightly 
longer  than  broad  ;  opaque,  the  punctures  moderately  coarse  and  very 
close ;  the  small  tubercle  beneath  the  eye  and  those  at  the  outer  cor- 
ners of  the  clypeus  well  developed ;  clypeus  produced,  so  that  three- 
fourths  of  it  lies  below  the  lower  margin  of  the  eyes;  color  on  the 
under  side  of  the  flagellum  pronounced.  Mesothorax  opaque,  rather 
coarsely  and  very  closely  punctured;  median  groove  of  the  disc  dis- 
tinct, parapsidal  grooves  poorly  developed.  Metathorax  with  a  low. 
narrow  rim,  indented  at  the  middle,  around  the  comparatively  broad 
basal  area;  basal  area  with  a  middle  ridge  decidedly  pronounced,  the 
plicae  just  on  either  side  of  this  central  one  irregular  and  very  weak, 
but  becoming  more  distinct  laterally.  Tegul?e  testaceous.  Wings  am- 
ber hyaline;  stigma  pale  testaceous,  the  nervures  rich  reddish  brown 
to  testaceous.  Legs  black  to  piceous ;  inner  spur  of  the  hind  taisi  with 
three  large  and  one  small  clavate  teeth.  Abdomen  not  stout,  acutely 
pointed  behind ;  very  shiny,  finely  punctured  and  openly  lineolated  dor- 
sally  ;  ventral  side  and  narrow  apical  margins  of  each  segment,  above, 
dark  testaceous ;  segments  4  and  5,  and  sides  of  segment  3,  with  rather 
dense,  short,  closely  appressed,  pale  greyish  hairs.  Pubescence  very 
scant  except  on  the  legs  and  abdomen ;  pale  grey  tinged  with  buffy 
above,  more  whitish  below. 

Hab.  Florissant,  Colorado,  one  nearly  6  mm.  on  sand,  June 
14,  1907  (S.  A.  Rohwer)  ;  one  about  6  mm.  long  at  flowers  of 
Argentina  anserina  (L.),  June  23,  1907.  (S.  A.  Rohwer). 

This  species  looks  more  like  H.  pruinosifonnis  Crawf.  than 
any  other,  but  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  amber  wings,  close- 
ly punctured  disc  of  the  mesothorax,  and  dark  blue  color. 


2O8  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [May, '13 

Halictus  tenuis  sp.  nov. 

9. — Length,  5  mm.  A  small  slender  species,  metallic  blue  through- 
out. Facial  quadrangle  a  little  broader  than  long,  clypeus  short  but 
distinctly  produced,  face  finely  and  very  closely  punctured,  opaque  ex- 
cept on  the  almost  impunctate  f  rons  and  on  the  clypeus ;  flagellum 
tinged  with  yellow  below.  Pleura?  rather  coarsely  but  not  sharply 
roughened,  metapleurse  with  five  or  six,  very  weak  plicae  near  the  up- 
per end  ;  mesonotum  almost  opaque  with  fine  scattered  punctures  and 
very  sharp,  rather  coarse  lineolations ;  median  groove  deep,  parapsidal 
grooves  not  developed.  Basal  area  of  the  metathorax,  almost  as  broad 
as  the  scutellum,  the  margin  rounded,  a  little  elevated  near  the  middle; 
the  surface  sharply  lineolated,  a  few  very  weak,  irregular,  reticulate 
rugas  near  the  base,  the  middle  one  straight,  and  somewhat  stronger. 
Tegulre  brown  in  the  middle,  almost  hyaline  at  the  edge.  Wings  light 
brownish  hyaline,  third  submargmal  cell  almost  twice  as  wide  as  the 
first ;  stigma  dusky  honey  color,  nervures  darker,  costal  nervure  dark- 
brown.  Legs  black,  tarsi  dark  testaceous.  Abdomen  shiny,  with  very 
fine  scattered  punctures  and  very  fine  lineolations,  margins  of  the 
segments  testaceous.  Pubescence  scant  except  around  the  anal  rima 
and  on  the  legs ;  pale  gray  below,  faintly  buffy  above. 

Hab.  Sugar  Loaf  Mountain,  Colorado,  altitude  8,500  ft.  one 
(==  type)  5  mm.  long,  May  18,  1907  (S.  A.  Rohwer). 

This  species  is  much  like  H.  V  eg  anus  Ckll.,  from  which  it 
differs  in  being  blue,  not  green,  and  in  having  no  distinct  rim 
around  the  basal  area  of  the  metathorax ;  it  also  resembles 
//.  pruinosiformis  Crawf .  from  which  the  well-separated,  finer 
punctures,  and  the  sharper,  more  distinct  lineolations  of  the 
mesonotum,  and  the  very  weak  rugae  of  the  basal  area  of  the 
metathorax,  distinguish  it. 

Halictus  umbripennis  sp.  nov. 

9 . — Length,  7  mm.  Head  and  thorax  metallic,  olive  green,  abdomen 
quite  as  metallic,  but  more  brown.  Facial  quadrangle  as  broad  as  lona; 
somewhat  shiny,  although  finely  and  closely  punctured ;  clypeus  only  a 
very  little  produced,  its  apical  two-fifths  purplish  black  ;  flagellum  not 
conspicuously  colored  below ;  cheeks  shiny,  the  punctures  fine  and 
scattered.  Mesothorax  shiny  throughout ;  median  groove  of  the  meso- 
notum deep  in  front,  but  scarcely  evident  behind  the  tegulse,  parapsidal 
grooves  distinct  but  not  deep ;  disc  with  very  fine  scattered  punctures 
(not  quite  so  smooth  as  H.  zephyrus  Sm.),  and  with  microscopic  line- 
olations ;  scutellum  almost  impunctate ;  postscutellum  closely  punctured. 
Metathorax  without  a  salient  nm,  broadly  rounded  from  above  down- 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  2OQ 

wards,  and  very  shiny;  the  basal  area  narrow,  finely  roughened,  and 
with  very  few  (less  than  twenty),  short  ridges.  Tegulae  brown. 
Wings  dusky  hyaline,  with  a  faint  cloud  toward  the  apex;  stigma  and 
nervures  almost  black.  Femora  shiny  black;  tibiae  and  tarsi  brown, 
and  with  ochraceous  pubescence.  Abdomen  rather  broad  and  blunt, 
shiny  throughout ;  discs  of  all  the  segments  very  finely  punctured,  their 
apical  margins  impunctate  but  distinctly  lineolate;  those  of  segments  2 
and  3  appear  a  very  little  contracted,  so  that  the  rest  of  the  segment 
bulges  slightly  above  the  margin.  Pubescence  very  scant,  whitish  be- 
low and  buffy  above. 

Hab.  Quirigua,  Guatemala,  one  (=type)  nearly  7  mm.  Feb- 
ruary 1912,  (Mrs.  W.  P.  Cockerell). 

This  species  is  most  closely  related  to  H.  zephyrus  Sm.  ; 
from  which  its  larger  size,  olive  color,  absence  of  testaceous 
margins  on  the  abdominal  segments,  and  the  almost  black  ner- 
vures of  the  wings,  easily  distinguish  it. 

Halictus  cattellae  sp.  nov. 

9  Length  7  mm.  Head,  mesopleurae  and  metathorax,  blue  green; 
mesonotum  brassy,  olive  green ;  abdomen  very  dark  olive  green,  the 
apical  margins  of  the  segments  dark  brown.  Facial  quadrangle  about 
square ;  lateral  margins  of  the  clypeus  free,  the  lower  corners  of  the 
eyes  long;  face  opaque,  finely  and  very  closely  punctured  above  the 
antennae,  less  closely  punctured  but  finely  roughened  below.  Meso- 
pleura  coarsely  punctured;  the  upper  half  of  the  metapleura  with 
short  irregular  plicae  crossing  it  at  right  angles;  mesonotum  opaque, 
rather  coarsely,  and  closely  punctured,  and  finely  and  sharply  rough- 
ened, median  and  parapsidal  grooves  long  but  not  deep.  Basal  area 
of  the  metathorax  narrow,  its  edge  broadly  rounded,  slightly  elevated 
and  indented  at  the  middle,  finely  lineolate,  and  with  a  few  short, 
simple  plicae.  Tegulae  dark  testaceous.  Wings  dusky,  amber  hyaline ; 
costal  nervure  reddish  brown,  stigma  and  other  nervures  dusky  honey 
color.  Legs  piceous  to  black,  tarsi  reddish  brown.  Abdomen  broad- 
est at  the  second  segment;  very  shiny  throughout,  punctures  very  fine 
and  widely  scattered  on  the  discs  of  all  the  segments,  even  less  dis- 
tinct on  the  first;  the  dark  brown  apical  margin  of  each  segment  al- 
most impunctate.  Pubescence  scant  except  around  the  anal  rima  and 
on  the  legs ;  ochraceous  above,  more  whitish  below. 

$  Length  7.5  mm.  Like  the  female  in  sculpture  and  color  of  the 
thorax  and  venation  and  color  of  the  wings.  Face  and  abdomen 
brassy  like  the  mesonotum.  Clypeus  much  produced,  entirely  brassy 
like  the  face,  labrum  pale  yellow,  entire  under  side  of  the  flagellum 
ochraceous.  Tegulae  light  testaceous,  legs  black  to  dark  brown,  knees 


210  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

and  tarsi  light  testaceous.  Abdomen  slender,  the  end  blunt;  discs  of 
all  the  segments  finely  punctured  and  inconspicuously  lineolate,  the 
apical  margins  and  the  ventral  side  of  the  segments  dark  brown. 
Pubescence  rather  scant,  deep  ochraceous  on  the  vertex  and  dorsal 
half  of  the  thorax,  and  pale  gray  on  the  face,  cheeks  and  legs. 

Hab.  Garrison,  New  York,  one  $  (=type),  nearly  7  mm. 
long,  (Eleth  Cattell)  ;  two  $  nearly  7  mm.  long  (Eleth  Cattell)  ; 
Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts,  one  $  almost  7.5  mm.  long,  June, 
(T.  D.  A.  Cockerell). 

This  species  and  the  next  seem  more  related  to  each  other 
than  to  any  other  species ;  they  probably  belong  to  a  group  with 
H.  aquilae  Ckll.,  and  H.  nymphaearum  Rob.,  since  they  all  have 
plicae  on  the  metapleura.  The  very  rough  mesonotum  suggests 
H.  pilosus  Sm.,  from  which  the  short  round  face  of  H.  cattdlac 
distinguishes  it.  H.  cattellae  may  be  separated  from  H. 
perpunctatus  n.  sp.  by  the  entirely  shiny  abdomen,  and  the  few, 
simple  plicae  of  the  basal  area  of  the  metathorax. 

Halictus  perpunctatus  sp.  nov. 

Female.  Length  about  6  to  6.5  mm.  Head  and  thorax  metallic, 
blue-green,  abdomen  brown  with  more  or  less  distinct,  blue-green 
metallic  reflections,  the  margins  of  the  segments  brown  shading  to 
pale  testaceous  on  the  edge.  Face  a  very  little  longer  than  broad ; 
clypeus  produced,  its  lateral  margins  entirely  free,  the  broad  lower 
margin  shiny  black,  toothed  along  the  edge;  face  finely  and  closely 
punctured  above  the  antennae,  a  little  more  coarsely  and  scatteringly 
below,  f  rons  and  clypeus  shiny ;  cheeks  rather  full  and  shiny,  although 
finely  punctured.  Mesopleura  with  coarse  scattered  punctures  of  ir- 
regular shape;  slender  plicae  crossing  the  upper  half  of  the  meta- 
pleura, becoming  very  weak  and  broken  below  the  middle;  mesonotum 
opaque,  rather  coarsely  and  very  closely  punctured;  median  groove 
well  developed,  parapsidal  grooves  faint.  Basal  area  of  the  meta- 
thorax almost  as  wide  as  the  scutellum ;  with  a  low,  sharp  rim  ex- 
tending well  laterally;  rugae  strong  and  rather  numerous,  reticulate 
near  the  middle.  Tegulae  bright  brown.  Wings  hyaline;  stigma  and 
nervures  pale  honey  color,  costal  nervure  darker.  Legs  black,  shad- 
ing to  brown  on  the  tarsi ;  inner  spur  of  the  hind  tibia  with  two 
large  and  three  rather  abruptly,  smaller,  clavate  teeth.  Abdomen 
stout;  disc  of  the  first  segment  very  shiny,  the  few  scattered  punc- 
tures very  fine  and  shallow,  disc  of  all  the  other  segments  with  the 
punctures  fine,  sharp  and  close  together;  segments  3  to  5  closely 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  211 

covered  with  thin,  short,  pale  yellowish  gray  hair,  the  last  four  seg- 
ments showing  the  metallic  reflections  more  distinctly  than  the  first. 
Pubescence  only  moderately  scant,  abundant  on  the  legs ;  pale  gray 
throughout. 

Hob.  Boulder,  Colorado;  one  (—  type)  5.5  mm.  long,  at 
flowers  of  Claytonia  rosea  Rybd.,  April  20  (T.  D.  A.  Cocker- 
ell)  ;  one  6  mm.  at  the  flowers  of  Bursa  bursa-pastoris  (L.), 
May  22,  1907  (G.  M.  Kite)  ;  one  6.7  mm.  long,  June  10,  1907 
(G.  M.  Hite)  ;  one  6.5  mm.  long  at  flowers  of  Taraxacum 
taraxacum  (L.),  April  16,  1908  (S.  A.  Rohwer)  ;  and  Rito  de 
los  Frijoles,  New  Mexico,  five  6  to  6.5  mm.  long,  August  1910 
(W.  W.  Robbins). 

This  species  probably  belongs  to  the  group  of  H.  nymphaea- 
rum  Rob.  and  is  most  closely  related  to  H.  cattellae.  The  close- 
ly punctured  mesonotum  distinguishes  it  from  all  the  species  of 
the  group  except  H.  cattellae,  from  which  it  differs  in  having  a 
longer  face,  a  rim  around  the  basal  area  of  the  metathorax, 
and  a  closely  punctured  disc  of  the  second  abdominal  segment. 
Individuals  of  H.  perpunctatus  with  but  little  of  the  metallic 
reflection  on  the  abdomen  somewhat  resemble  H .  perdifFicilis 
Ckll.  from  which  the  broad  basal  area  of  the  metathorax,  the 
sharply  lineolate  mesonotum  and  the  whitish,  not  yellowish 
gray  of  the  pubescence  on  the  abdomen  separates  it. 


A   Twelfth   New   Genus   of  Hymenoptera    Tricho- 
grammatidae  from  Australia. 

By  A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland, 

Australia. 

LATHROMEROIDES  new  genus. 

(Hymenoptera  Chalcidoidea,  Family  Trichogrammatidae,  Subfamily 
Chaetostrichinae,  Tribe  Lathromerini.) 

Female. — Similar  to  Lathromerella  Girault,  but  the  anten- 
nal  club  only  three- jointed  and  not  terminating  in  a  spinelike 
seta,  the  discal  dilation  of  the  fore  wing  dense  and  together 
with  the  venation  as  in  Aphelinoidea,  the  marginal  cilia  of 
the  fore  wing  very  short ;  moreover,  the  abdomen  is  very  long 
and  tubular,  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  head  and  thorax 


212  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

combined,  the  very  long  ovipositor  inserted  at  the  base  of  the 
abdomen  and  distinctly  projecting  beyond  the  latter's  tip  for  a 
length  equal  to  about  a  seventh  or  eighth  that  of  the  slender, 
tapering  abdomen.  Stigmal  vein  merely  a  very  short,  foot- 
like  projection  from  the  marginal ;  postmarginal  vein  absent. 
Posterior  wings  with  moderately  long  marginal  fringes  caudad, 
bearing  five  longitudinal  lines  of  discal  ciliation.  Also  resem- 
bling Twnidiclava  Girault,  but  the  abdomen  is  totally  differ- 
ent, the  antennal  club  does  not  terminate  in  a  spine-like  seta 
and  is  not  so  swollen,  while  the  discal  ciliation  of  the  fore 
wing  is  dense  and  normal.  The  distal  joint  of  the  club  forms 
over  half  the  length  of  that  segment.  One  ring  joint;  no 
funicle.  Cephalic  tibial  spur  present,  short  and  straight.  Tar- 
sal  joints  rather  long.  Thorax  with  a  median  sulcus. 

Male. — Not  known. 

In  my  table  of  genera  Lathromeroides  will  drop  in  near 
Ptery  go  gramma  and  Uscana,  but  the  very  long,  tubular  abdo- 
men, very  dense  discal  ciliation,  very  short  stigmal  vein  and 
the  distinctly  exserted  ovipositor  readily  distinguish  it. 

Type : — The  following  species  : 

1.   Lathromeroides  longicorpus,  new  species. 

Female. — Length,  i.oo  mm.  Bright  golden  yellow,  the  eyes  and  ocelli 
bright  garnet,  the  exserted  portion  of  the  valves  of  the  ovipositor  and 
a  small,  dot-like  spot  under  the  stigmal  vein  deep  black,  the  distal  tar- 
sal  joints  and  the  antennae  more  or  less  dusky.  Wings  slightly  em- 
browned under  the  venation.  Legs  uniformly  pallid  yellowish.  Inter- 
mediate joint  of  cephalic  tarsus  shortest,  the  other  two  sub-equal;  long- 
est tarsal  joint  is  the  proximal  joint  of  intermediate  legs.  Wings  mod- 
erate in  width,  convexly  rounded  at  apex.  Proximal  two  joints  of  an- 
tennal club  wider  than  long. 

(From  a  single  specimen,  2-3  inch  objective,  i  inch  optic,  Bausch  and 
Lomb.) 

Male. — Not  known. 

Described  from  a  single  female  specimen  captured  from  a 
window,  men's  quarters,  mill  yard,  Proserpine,  O.,  November 
4,  1912. 

Habitat. — Australia — Proserpine,    Queensland. 

Type. — No.  Hy.  1271,  Queensland  Museum,  Brisbane,  the 
above  specimen  in  xylol-balsam. 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


213 


Standards  of  the  Number  of  Eggs  laid  by  Spiders — II.: 

Being  Averages   Obtained  by  Actual  Count  of  the  Combined   Eggs 
of  Twenty   (20)    Depositions  or  Masses. 

By  A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland, 

Australia. 

2.    THEKIDIUM  TEPIDARIORUM  C.   Koch. 


No. 

Date  1911 

No.  counted 
per  mass 

Successive 
Totals 

Av.  per 
Egg  Mass 

Max.    Min. 

Range 

I 

Chicago,  July  20 

341. 

341. 

341. 

2 

382. 

723- 

36l. 

3 

477- 

I2OO. 

4OO. 

477- 

4 

211. 

141  I. 

353- 

5 

244. 

1655. 

33'- 

6 

248. 

1903. 

3'7- 

7 

233- 

2136. 

3°5- 

8 

394- 

2530. 

3'6 

9 

Urbana,  July  31          209. 

2739- 

304- 

10 

221. 

2960. 

296. 

ii 

182. 

3[42. 

286. 

182. 

12 

298. 

3440. 

287. 

13 

217. 

3657. 

281. 

14 

2.S8. 

39I5- 

279. 

15 

381. 

4296. 

286. 

16 

252. 

4548. 

284. 

I? 

296. 

4844. 

285. 

18 

* 

217. 

5061. 

281. 

'9 

249. 

53  'o. 

279 

20 

232. 

5542. 

277 

295 

20 

5542. 

277. 

477.    182. 

51 

The  first  eight  of  these  masses  were  collected  in  a  small 
pumping  station  on  the  shore  of  Lake   Michigan,   Chicago, 
Illinois,  July  20,  1911  ;  the  other  twelve  at  Urbana,  Illinois, 
July  31,  1911,  in  the  cellar  of  a  building  on  the  campus  of  the 
University  of   Illinois.     As  many  as  three  of   the  globular, 
brownish  egg  cocoons  have  been  observed  in  a  single  web,  but 
I  believe  that  as  many  as  five  have  been  recorded.     The  aver- 
age obtained  then  represents  approximately  what  number  of 
eggs  will  be  found  in  each  cocoon  and  not  the  average  expecta- 
tions from  any  single  female  which  must  be  near  from  three  to 
five  times  more.     The  numbers  3,  4  and  5,  6  and  7  respectively 
are  each  from  one  nest,  so  that  we  may  be  assured  that  a 
female  may  lay  as  many  as  477,  455  and  481  eggs.     It  is  also 
plain  that  one  female  may  put  as  many  eggs  in  one  cocoon  as 
another  does  in  two. 

*  For  the  first  of  this  series,  see  ENT.  NEWS,  XXII,  pp.  461-462,  Dec.,  1911. 


214  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

Collecting  Notes  from  the  Great  Basin  and  Adjoin- 
ing Territory  (Dipt.,  Col.).* 

By  J.  M.  ALDRICH,  Moscow,  Idaho. 

In  the  summer  of  1911  I  traveled  about  5000  miles  in  a 
62-day  expedition  having  for  its  main  object  the  study  of  the 
insects  found  in  'and  about  the  western  salt  and  alkaline  lakes. 
Although  I  have  published  four  articles  on  my  results  and 
have  another  in  press,  there  are  so  many  facts  of  entomologi- 
cal interest  remaining  that  a  more  general  discussion  of  the 
theme  seems  to  be  required.  Much  of  my  material  outside  the 
Diptera  still  remains  unidentified,  hence  it  is  even  yet  im- 
possible to  give  a  list  of  the  species  collected.  Nor  do  I  think 
such  a  list  wholly  desirable,  as  it  would  contain  only  here  and 
there  a  species  of  real  interest,  nine-tenths  being  compara- 
tively common  and  widespread  insects.  The  better  way  would 
be  to  enumerate  only  species  not  heretofore  known  in  the  ter- 
ritory under  consideration,  or  those  whose  distribution  is  little 
understood.  This  plan  will  be  pursued  with  the  Diptera,  while 
other  orders  must  wait  indefinitely. 

The  first  three  weeks  of  the  trip  were  spent  with  a  farmers' 
institute  party  from  the  University  of  Idaho,  to  whom  had 
been  assigned  a  schedule  of  institutes  mostly  in  rather  out-of- 
the-way  places.  Our  itinerary  took  us  to  Payette  Lake  and 
down  Long  Valley  to  the  southward,  a  fine  collecting  ground 
for  all  kinds  of  insects,  and  now  becoming  accessible  through 
the  construction  of  a  branch  railroad  from  Nampa.  We  were 
there  too  early,  about  June  20;  nearly  a  month  later  would 
have  been  better.  The  valley  is  bordered  on  both  sides  by 
heavily  timbered  and  snow-capped  mountains,  the  summits 
being  only  a  few  miles  from  civilization,  ideal  for  entomolog- 
ical work.  Along  the  main  line  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line  as 
we  progressed  eastward  there  is  nothing  of  especial  interest 
in  the  way  of  a  collecting  ground  until  Pocatello  is  passed.  East 
of  this  point  the  railroad  enters  a  mountain  valley,  and  the 
entomological  field  is  highly  interesting  until  the  Wyoming 
line  is  reached.  We  left  the  railroad  at  Montpelier  and  made 

*Part  of  the  results  of  an   investigation  made  by  aid  of  an   appro- 
priation from  the  Elizabeth  Thompson  Science  Fund. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  21 5 

the  interior  points  of  St.  Charles  and  Liberty.  This  also  is  a 
high  country  and  it  was  early  for  good  collecting.  The  next 
and  concluding  institute  was  at  Malad  City  on  July  3,  and 
from  here  my  trip  of  investigation  began.  I  had  collected  so 
far  only  the  following  Diptera  of  special  interest: 

At  McCall,  Idaho,  on  Payette  Lake,  Asemosyrphus  mexi- 
canus. 

At  Council,  Atherix  vanegata. 

At  Boise,  Heteropterina  nasoni  and  n.  sp. 

At  Soldier,  Tab  anus  phaenops. 

At  Bellevue,  Camp  sic  nemus  thersites,  Dolichopus  coquilletti, 
Chrysopila  tomentosa. 

At  McCammon,  Pclina  truncatula,  Tephritis  clathrata. 

On  the  roundabout  railroad  trip  into  Malad,  a  day  had 
been  spent  on  a  side  trip  to  the  Utah  Agricultural  College  at 
Logan;  while  awaiting  the  train  at  Cache  Junction,  I  collected 
Dolichopus  amnicola  and  Hydrophorus  gratiosits  Aid.  In 
Logan  I  found  Cliiroinyia  (Scyphella)  flava  common  on  a 
stable  window. 

At  Brigham  City,  Utah,  on  July  4  and  5,  I  spent  the  avail- 
able time  at  Box  Elder  Lake,  an  expanse  of  brackish,  shallow 
water  about  two  miles  north  of  town.  On  the  way  thither 
along  the  railroad  were  great  quantities  of  parsnip  in  bloom. 
On  these  I  got  three  species  of  Thereva  and  specimens  of 
Helophilus  siinilis  and  Sarcophila  (Paraphyto)  opaca.  Along 
the  shores  of  the  lake  or  pond  I  found  a  new  species  of  Lisp  a 
(described  in  a  forthcoming  paper),  also  Ephydra  sub  opaca, 
which  breeds  in  the  salt  waters ;  in  the  adjacent  grasses  along 
a  waste  water  ditch  occurred  Melieria  occidentalis  and  a  new 
species  of  Pelastoncunis,  while  I  was  attacked  by  Chrysops 
discalis,  fuh-aster  and  mocrens.  On  the  bare  mud,  where  the 
lake  had  recently  dried  away,  there  were  many  specimens 
of  Cicindela  echo,  somewhat  difficult  to  capture  from  a  bad 
habit  of  flying  a  long  distance  when  flushed;  they  enter  the 
shallow  water  fearlessly  and  run  about  in  it  where  it  is  a 
quarter  or  three-eighths  of  an  inch  deep,  capturing  some  kind 
of  prey  there.  In  this  situation  they  are  unable  to  take  wing, 
and  I  picked  up  a  few  specimens  from  the  water  in  my  fin- 


2l6  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

gers.  This  habit  in  a  Cicindela  was  new  to  me.  In  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  pond  I  got  Dolichopus  afflictus,  which  is  unusual 
so  far  east,  although  it  has  been  reported  from  Wyoming. 

About  Salt  Lake  City  there  is  of  course  much  to  interest 
the  entomologist.  The  electric  line  up  Emigrant  Canyon  gives 
a  ride  up  to  about  7000  feet  altitude  for  80  cents,  and  should 
never  be  overlooked  by  collectors  who  visit  the  city  in  sum- 
mer. Near  the  end  of  the  line,  high  up  in  the  mountains,  I 
captured  Dolichopus  n.  sp.,  Tachytrechus  n.  sp.  and  Hydro- 
phones philombrius.  The  shores  of  Great  Salt  Lake  are  eas- 
ily accessible  by  going  to  Saltair  or  by  taking  the  local  trains 
which  run  out  to  Garfield  and  Smelter  station  next  beyond. 
The  local  train  turns  round  on  a  Y  just  beyond  Smelter,  and 
from  this  it  is  only  a  short  distance  to  the  shore  of  the  lake. 
There  is  some  brackish  water  in  spots  between,  around  which 
I  collected,  but  the  shore  of  the  lake  is  a  particularly  rich 
field.  Ephydra  gracilis  occurs  by  millions,  the  larva  living  in 
the  water;  Ephydra  hians  is  also  numerous  in  places  on  the 
shores,  and  likewise  lives  in  the  water  in  the  larval  stage. 
Caenia  bisetosa  occurs  abundantly  along  the  edge  of  the  water, 
but  its  larva  has  not  been  found.  The  brackish  water  back 
from  the  lake  has  along  its  edges  a  beautiful  new  species  of 
Tachytrechus. 

I  stopped  off  from  morning  until  5  P.  M.  at  Promontory 
Point,  almost  in  the  middle  of  the  lake,  where  I  found  essen- 
tially the  same  beach  fauna  as  near  Salt  Lake  City,  adding 
Rhicnoessa  coronata.  The  wife  of  the  station  agent  kindly 
provided  me  with  dinner,  as  there  is  no  hotel.  The  same 
afternoon  I  continued  across  the  lake  to  Lakeside  on  the  west 
shore,  where  again  the  beach  fauna  is  about  the  same.  It 
is  a  sidetrack  with  a  few  railroad  employees,  the  surrounding 
country  an  absolute  desert.  The  main  divide  between  the  an- 
cient lake  basin  of  Utah  and  that  of  Nevada  is  a  little  east  of 
Wells,  Nevada,  which  was  the  point  I  selected  for  my  next 
stop,  having  been  informed  that  it  was  on  the  bank  of  a  river. 
I  had  to  inquire  in  the  town,  after  a  vain  search,  whether 
there  was  any  water  near,  and  was  informed  that  there  was 
a  little  seepage  about  a  mile  below  town.  It  was  2  P.  M. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

when  I  got  off  the  train,  and  I  had  already  lost  an  hour,  so  I 
made  what  haste  I  could  in  the  hot  sun  to  the  place  indicated, 
where  I  found  in  a  small  space  more  new  and  interesting  Dip- 
tera  than  I  ever  collected  in  the  same  time  before.  Within 
two  hours  the  following  and  many  more  common  species  were 
obtained :  Anacampta  latinscula  and  two  new  species ;  Doli- 
chopus  ciliatus,  amnicola,  obcordatus  and  five  undescribed  spe- 
cies ;  Sphegina  n.  sp.,  Euparyphus  n.  sp.,  Asyndetic  n.  sp.,  Ca- 
lobata  pallipes,  Palloptera  jiicunda,  Diaphorus  palpiger  and 
opacus,  Hydrophorus  soda! is  and  magdalenae,  Lispa  tentacu- 
lata  and  uliginosa,  and  some  not  yet  fully  determined.  In 
accordance  with  my  plans,  I  continued  my  journey  at  ten  that 
evening,  but  there  are  some  very  attractive-looking  high  moun- 
tains a  few  miles  south  of  Wells  that  had  timber  and  snow 
upon  them,  which  would  in  my  opinion  be  one  of  the  best 
collecting  fields  in  the  West. 

Hazen,  Nevada,  was  reached  the  next  morning.  A  good 
hotel  is  the  principal  feature  of  the  place,  which  consists  prin- 
cipally of  a  few  railroad  employees.  The  Soda  Lakes  are 
about  ten  miles  south,  being  some  two  miles  from  Mirage 
siding,  on  the  Fallons  branch.  They  are  small  bodies  of  very 
alkaline  water,  where  quite  a  business  was  done  in  the  manu- 
facture of  soda  until  the  seepage  from  the  new  irrigating 
canals  of  the  Truckee-Carson  government  irrigation  project 
raised  the  level  above  the  evaporating  beds  and  put  a  stop  to 
the  enterprise.  I  stayed  over  night  with  the  caretaker  at  the 
works  and  collected  at  the  shore  of  the  lakes  Ephydra  hians 
and  Caenia  bisetosa,  as  at  Great  Salt  Lake.  A  single  male 
of  Hydrophorus  pluinbcus  Aid.  was  found  also,  known  previ- 
ously only  from  a  single  female  from  Soap  Lake,  Washing- 
ton. Around  fresh  or  brackish  seepage  I  found  another  new 
species  of  Dolichopus,  Hydrophorus  aestuum  and  gratiosus, 
Pelastoneurus  cyancus,  Thrypticus  fraterculus,  and  Melicria 
occidentalis.  Chrysops  discalis  was  occasionally  present. 

On  July  14  I  made  a  visit  to  Reno  and  called  upon  Profes- 
sor S.  B.  Doten,  whom  I  found  much  engrossed  with  his  in- 
teresting investigation  of  the  habits  of  Hymenopterous  para- 
sites, for  which  he  has  invented  several  ingenious  pieces  of 
apparatus ;  his  devices  for  instantaneous  photography  under 


2l8  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

the  microscope  are  especially  worthy  of  commendation.  A 
short  stroll  around  the  outskirts  of  the  town  yielded  Thrypti- 
cus  fraterculus,  Chrysomyza  demandata,  Asemosyrphus  mex- 
icanus,  Madisa  (Desmometopd)  holier  alls  and  some  commoner 
things. 

The  next  day  I  returned  eastward  to  Wadsworth  and  took 
the  stage  20  miles  north  to  the  Nevada  Indian  School,  where 
the  superintendent,  Mr.  J.  D.  Oliver,  provided  me  with  accom- 
modations and  I  remained  four  days.  The  trip  in  was  highly 
interesting  to  me,  as  I  discovered  a  really  garrulous  Indian  in 
the  driver  "Fat  Joe,"  and  we  struck  up  a  warm  friendship. 
The  school  is  four  miles  from  Pyramid  Lake  and  eight  from 
Winnemucca  Lake,  both  of  which  I  visited.  They  are  mod- 
erately alkaline,  but  contain  large  quantities  of  fish.  There 
is  a  more  alkaline  pond  a  mile  south  of  Pyramid  Lake,  but 
it  was  difficult  to  reach,  as  it  was  on  the  other  side  of  the 
Truckee  River  and  the  water  was  high ;  so  I  did  not  visit  it. 
The  bottoms  of  the  Truckee  River  are  verdant  in  this  desert 
region  and  offer  some  good  insects.  The  shore  of  Pyramid 
yielded  a  few  Lispas  of  an  undescribed  species,  as  well  as 
Ephydra  hians;  at  Winnemucca  I  found  still  another  unde- 
scribed Lispa  with  several  common  species  of  the  genus. 
Among  the  Diptera  collected  on  my  trips  to  and  from  the 
lakes  and  about  the  Indian  school  were  Chrysops  discalis  and 
coloradensis,  Tabanus  opacus,  Exoprosopa  eremita,  Anthrax 
agrippina,  nugator,  lepidota,  Ceria  tridens,  Tachytrechus  an- 
gustipennis,  Thrypticus  fraterculus,  Hydrophones  gratiosus 
and  philombrius,  Geomyza  frontalis,  Rhicnoessa  albula,  Urcl- 
lia  abstersa  and  Caeni®  bisetosa. 

On  July  19  I  returned  to  Wadsworth  and  took  the  train 
to  Hazen,  where  I  took  the  Goldfield  train  next  morning  to 
the  little  freighting  station  of  Thorne,  close  to  the  south  end 
of  Walker  Lake.  An  automobile  conveys  the  passengers  seven 
miles  across  a  very  sandy  desert  to  the  county  seat  town  of 
Hawthorne,  occupying  a  little  oasis  less  than  half  a  mile 
square.  After  dinner  another  auto  stage  runs  before  supper- 
time  to  Bodie,  California,  climbing  over  the  Walker  Lake 
mountain  range,  crossing  a  valley  and  ascending  almost  ex- 
actly to  the  summit  of  the  next  range,  Bodie  having  an  ele- 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  219 

vation  of  8400  feet.  The  road  was  good  and  our  speedometer 
indicated  35  miles  an  hour  on  one  down  grade  stretch,  with 
seven  passengers  and  a  heavy  load  of  mail,  express  and  bag- 
gage. Bodie  is  an  old,  decayed  mining  camp  with  a  few  hun- 
dred inhabitants.  Next  morning  a  horse  stage  driven  by  a 
Mexican  took  me  to  one  of  my  main  objective  points,  Mono 
Lake,  a  distance  of  22  miles.  I  stopped  at  the  Mono  Lake 
post-office  and  secured  accommodations  for  a  few  days  at  the 
combined  store,  saloon,  hotel,  blacksmith  shop  and  feed  mill 
of  Jack  Hammond,  about  a  mile  beyond.  Here  I  devoted  my 
first  attention  to  the  insects  of  the  lake  itself.  It  is  a  highly 
alkaline  body  of  water  and  contains  vast  numbers  of  the  larvae 
of  Ephydra  hians,  used  in  the  pupa  stage  as  food  by  the  In- 
dians under  the  name  of  "koo-tsabe."  The  specific  identity  of 
the  fly  had  not  been  ascertained  prior  to  my  visit.  Along  the 
west  side  of  the  lake  the  shores  rise  abruptly  into  the  Sierras, 
and  there  are  numbers  of  rapid  streams,  large  and  small.  The 
collecting  is  superb,  and  I  could  have  spent  more  time  to  good 
advantage,  'but  my  plans  limited  me  to  four  days.  Besides 
some  new  species,  the  following  are  the  more  interesting  re- 
sults of  my  collecting:  Bittacomorpha  sackeni,  Tab  anus  opa- 
cus  and  phaenops,  Thereva  johnsoni,  Tachytrechus  olympiae 
and  angustipennis,  Nothosympycnus  vegetus,  Psilopodinus  pi- 
licornis,  Sympycmis  marcidus,  Chrysogaster  nigrovittata, 
Clausicella  setigera,  Notonaula.r  cincta  and  Themira  putris. 

Mono  Lake  lies  close  against  the  east  side  of  the  main 
Sierras,  directly  east  of  Yosemite  Park,  which  comes  up  to 
the  divide,  about  16  miles  by  trail  from  the  lake.  Parties  not 
infrequently  come  down  to  the  lake  from  the  Park ;  in  fact  it 
is  more  visited  from  that  side  than  from  the  railroad  some 
65  miles  away  to  the  eastward.  When  I  was  there  the  Sierras 
towering  above  it  were  covered  with  great  fields  of  snow  and 
I  never  saw  a  more  picturesque  view  than  the  one  looking 
down  on  the  lake  and  across  it  to  the  mountains,  from  the 
range  near  Bodie. 

On  my  return  to  the  railroad  I  had  to  stay  over  night  at 
Thorne,  in  order  to  have  time  to  box  up  some  freight  for  ship- 
ment. The  hotel  business  mostly  goes  to  Hawthorne,  but  I 
felt  well  repaid  for  any  little  inconvenience  of  my  stay  in 


220  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

Thorne  in  making  the  acquaintance  of  "Doc"  Stewart,  mine 
host  at  the  Old  Crow, — an  old-timer  of  the  sixties,  whose 
warm-hearted  interest  in  me  is  a  pleasant  memory. 

From  Thorne  I  continued  my  journey  to  Southern  Califor- 
nia by  an  unusual  route,  as  it  was  necessary  to  include  Owen's 
Lake  in  the  itinerary.  I  continued  down  the  Goldfield  railroad 
to  Mina,  where  I  changed  to  a  narrow-gauge  line  that  ends  at 
Keeler,  on  the  east  side  of  Owen's  Lake.  I  left  this  line  at 
Owenyo,  where  it  is  joined  by  a  Southern  Pacific  broad  gauge 
branch  that  strikes  the  main  line  at  Mojave,  from  which  it  is 
easy  to  reach  Los  Angeles. 

We  reached  Owenyo  about  midnight,  several  hours  behind 
time,  and  were  accommodated  in  a  box  car  hotel,  the  single 
men  occupying  hard  bunks  in  an  undivided  car.  Next  morn- 
ing the  mixed  train  on  the  branch  took  me  as  far  down  as 
Olancha,  which  I  had  been  informed  would  be  a  good  point 
from  which  to  inspect  the  west  shore  of  the  lake.  It  proved  to 
be  about  five  miles  beyond  the  lake,  so  I  put  in  most  of  the 
day  collecting  along  a  beautiful  little  mountain  stream  coming 
out  of  the  Sierras  and  around  some  seepage  near  the  lake. 
Diptera  of  interest  were  Pelastoneurus  dissiniilipes,  Tachytre- 
chus  auratus  and  Rhagoletis  minuta.  Many  insects  of  other 
orders  occupied  my  attention  and  would  be  well  worth  record- 
ing if  they  had  been  identified.  That  evening  I  took  the  up 
train  again  to  get  to  a  point  near  the  lake,  and  (accepting 
advice  again)  stopped  off  at  Brier  siding  at  10  P.  M.,  only  to 
find  that  the  ranch  supposed  to  be  there  was  at  another  siding 
and  there  was  not  a  human  being  within  miles  except  the  Mex- 
ican boy  who  had  driven  down  from  the  Los  Angeles  aqueduct 
camp  to  pick  up  any  Slavs  who  might  have  drifted  in  to  work 
on  the  ditch.  The  boy  took  me  up  to  the  camp  and  let  me 
sleep  on  a  few  sacks  on  the  ground.  Next  morning  I  secured 
breakfast  with  the  laborers  and  walked  to  the  lake,  where  I 
made  what  observations  were  necessary  in  time  to  leave  again 
on  the  southbound  train.  The  lake  is  densely  alkaline  and  is 
full  of  the  larvae  of  Ephydra  hians. 

The  evening  of  this  day  found  me  in  Los  Angeles  and  the 
remainder  of  the  trip  may  be  passed  over  in  a  few  paragraphs. 
In  Los  Angeles  I  collected  carefully  about  the  ponds  of  crude 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  221 

petroleum  in  the  oil  well  district  for  Psilopa  petrolei ;  although 
I  could  not  find  the  larva  in  the  petroleum,  I  succeeded  in  get- 
ting the  adults  on  grass  around  the  pools.  In  the  same  locality 
was  Pelastonennts  dissimilipes. 

On  the  beach  at  Santa  Monica  were  many  specimens  of  a 
new  species  of  Stichopogon,  and  on  the  surface  of  a  brackish 
pool  close  to  the  beach  was  a  swarm  of  Ephydra  inillbrae. 

On  the  beach  at  Long  Beach  Lipochacta  slossonae  was 
abundant. 

At  Lake  Elsinore,  an  alkaline  lake  south  of  Riverside,  I 
captured  the  same  beautiful  new  species  of  Tachytrechus  that 
I  got  at  the  south  end  of  Great  Salt  Lake ;  also  a  single  speci- 
men of  a  new  species  of  Lispa,  of  which  I  later  secured  a  pair 
at  fresh  water  at  Lewiston,  Idaho.  Cacnia  bisetosa  was  the 
most  abundant  insect  at  the  shore. 

On  the  salt  marsh  adjacent  to  Palo  Alto  I  collected  several 
specimens  of  a  species  of  Canacc,  a  very  peculiar  sort  of 
Ephydrid  ;  also  Hercostomus  metatarsalis,  Pelastoneurus  cya- 
ncus  and  Hydrophonts  acstnnm. 

A  two  days'  trip  of  a  strenuous  sort  was  made  to  Clear 
Lake,  Lake  County,  Cal.,  from  San  Francisco,  to  ascertain 
what  sort  of  Ephydra  it  was  of  which  the  larva  had  been 
named  E.  californica  by  Packard  many  years  ago.  As  the 
lake  is  fresh  water,  and  not- salt  as  Packard  had  been  inform- 
ed, it  was  evident  that  the  larvae  came  from  some  other  water. 
I  found  that  two  borax  ponds  near  the  lake  were  well  known, 
and  made  a  visit  to  one  of  these,  where  I  speedily  found  £. 
hians,  which  seemed  to  settle  the  identity  of  Packard's  species. 
I  also  found  the  same  large,  undescribed  Lispa  which  accom- 
panied hians  on  the  shores  of  Great  Salt  Lake. 

The  papers  which  I  have  published  on  the  results  of  the  trip 
are  the  following: 

1.  Larvae  of  a  Saturniid  Moth  Used  as  Food  by  California  Indians. 
Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xx,  1-4.  i  pi.;  Mar.,  101.2. 

2.  Flies  of  the  Leptid  Genus   Atherix   Used  as   Food  hy  California 
Indians.     Fnt.  News,  xxiii,   150-163;  Apr.,  1912. 

3.  The  Biology  of   Some   Western   Species   of  the  Dipterous  Genus 
Ephydra.    Jour.  N.  V.  Fnt.  Soc..  xx,  77-<«.  3  P'-:  June,  1912. 

4.  Two  Western  Species  of  Ephydra.     Ibid.,  100-103;  June,  1912. 

5.  The    North    American    Species    of    the    Dipterous    Genus    Lispa. 
Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  in  press. 


222  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

The  Appearance  of  an  Unexpected  Noctuid  on  the 
Atlantic  Seaboard  (Lepid.) 

By  H.  BIRD,  Rye,  New  York. 

In  1881  Grote  described  a  western  Noctuid,  now  classed  an 
Apamea,  as  Gortyna  erepta,  his  unique  type  being  captured 
by  Prof.  F.  Snow,  in  Douglas  County,  Kansas.  This  type 
found  its  way  to  the  British  Museum  and  the  species  seems 
not  to  have  been  met  with  since.  Some  years  ago,  during  the 
lifetime  of  Prof.  Snow,  the  writer  corresponded  with  him  in 
hopes  of  securing  other  examples  from  that  locality,  but  while 
the  professor  remembered  the  insect  very  well,  he  had  never 
learned  of  its  capture  again.  Little  were  we  aware  that  a  fine 
colony  was  flourishing  within  ten  minutes'  walk  of  my  door. 

One  of  the  largest  grasses  found  at  Rye  is  Tripsacum 
dactyloides  L.,  and  its  occurrence  seems  confined  to  a  few 
locations  where  the  margin  of  upland  and  salt  meadow  meet, 
and  is  here  subjected  to  inundation  by  the  extreme  high  tides 
that  occur  at  intervals.  This  strip  of  vegetation,  rarely  but 
a  few  feet  wide,  exemplifies  a  remnant  of  primitive  flora  which 
it  is  hard  to  duplicate  elsewhere.  The  salty  conditions  render 
it  unfit  for  cultivation,  and  it  is  allowed  to  remain  waste,  a 
sample  of  our  only  local,  pre-Columbian,  upland  flora.  It 
seems  evident  that  Tripsacum  obtains  here  due  to  this  undis- 
turbed condition,  rather  than  that  it  likes  a  salty  environment, 
since  it  follows  the  Upper  Austral  zone,  south  and  westward, 
more  than  half  across  the  country.  A  search  of  the  grasses 
had  been  going  on  for  some  years  to  apprehend  the  larva  of 
Apamea  americana  Speyer,  or  A.  nictitans  L.,  as  some  choose 
to  consider  it,  reported  to  bore  "grasses"  by  certain  American 
writers.  This  is  a  generalized  statement  apparently  and 
seems  based  on  reports  from  European  sources  that  there  the 
nictitans  forms  have  such  a  food  habit.  While  many  grasses, 
and  Tripsacum  in  particular,  had  been  under  observation  be- 
fore, it  was  not  till  1911  that  a  likely  borer  was  found  work- 
ing in  the  latter,  a  form  showing  Apamea  or  Hydroccla  char- 
acteristics, and  supposed  at  the  time  of  its  discovery  to  be 
americana  without  doubt.  It  so  happened  on  this  occasion  a 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


223 


very  high  tide  covered  the  meadows,  and  as  we  stood  in  water 
to  our  shoe  tops  while  digging  out  a  root  containing  several 
larvae,  we  were  forced  to  conclude  that  the  term  "atlantica" 
as  applied  to  our  alleged  insect  by  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith,  when  he 
separated  our  forms  on  genitalic  characters,  was  well 
chosen.  If  one  might  stand  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  pluck- 
its  larva,  surely  it  was  aptly  named.  In  due  course,  however, 
the  moths  appear,  but  instead  of  an  Atlantic  coast  form  we 
find  the  only  insect  with  which  it  tallies  is  the  Kansan  erepta. 
Specimens  were  kindly  compared  by  Sir  G.  F.  Hampson  with 
the  British  Museum  type,  and  he  reports  they  differ  only  in 
minor  detail.  While  it  may  be  hard  to  reconcile  the  habitats, 
as  Tripsacum  occurs  in  Kansas  we  may  assume  erepta  feeds 
on  it  there,  though  it  may  be  doubtful  if  a  chain  of  the  plants 
now  exists  across  the  country  that  the  species  could  yet  enjoy 
an  uninterrupted  range.  Believing  the  local  colonies  are  a 
stable  variety  of  the  type  form,  the  varietal  name  ryensis  is 
proposed  for  it. 

Apamea  erepta  ryensis,  new  variety. 

Head  smooth  in  front,  antenna  of  male  finely  ciliated,  thoracic  tuft- 
ings  normal.  The  ground  color  is  straw  yellow,  occasionally  becom- 
ing more  deeply  ochreous  in  the  primaries,  powderings  of  wine-red  or 
brownish  scales  are  more  or  less  diffused  thereon  and  frequently  in- 
terspersed with  some  black  scales,  the  quantity  of  powderings  pro- 
ducing some  variation.  Basal  line  vague,  antemedial  line  irregularly 


Male  genitalia  of  Apamea  erepta  ryensis. 


224  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

waved,  transverse  line  rounded  outward  past  reniform;  these  lines 
simple  and  defined  in  brown,  subterminal  line  vague,  a  finely  penciled 
black  line  at  base  of  fringes;  claviform  wanting;  orbicular  usually 
wanting,  rarely  a  vague  ring;  reniform  a  pure  white  lunule  or  angu- 
lated  crescent  in  a  black  setting.  Secondaries  show  ground  color  more 
or  less  diffused  with  black,  the  discal  lunule  and  mesial  line  drawn  in 
black  powderings.  The  female  is  usually  lighter  due  to  less  of  the 
overlaid  powderings. 

Expanse,  34-35  mm. ;  size  very  constant. 

Genitalia  of  male  are  of  a  unique  pattern,  departing  materially  from 
the  nic titans  group,  and  are  best  understood  by  a  reference  to  the  fig- 
ure. 

Type  locality.- — Milton  Point  section  of  Rye,  inception  of 
Forest  and  Stuyvesant  Avenues,  N.  85  deg.,  E.  302.5  meters ; 
West  Chester  County,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

Forty  bred  specimens  are  at  hand.  A  male  type  is  so  label- 
ed in  author's  collection,  and  paratypes  have  been  forwarded 
to  the  U.  S.  National  and  the  British  Museums. 

The  variety  differs  chiefly  in  the  absence  of  a  well-indicated 
orbicular.  Knowing  the  value  of  genitalic  comparisons  in  the 
closely  allied  species,  where  the  differences  of  the  images  are 
slight,  we  feel  there  may  be  further  departures  from  these 
characters  of  the  type  form. 

The  work  of  the  larva  is  easily  overlooked.  Tripsacum 
sends  up  such  a  mass  of  culms  that  those  dwarfed  by  the 
borers  are  soon  overtopped  by  the  normal  growth.  The  young 
larvae,  having  hatched  out  about  the  first  week  in  May,  work 
down  in  the  tender  center  of  the  culms,  when  they  have  grown 
but  a  few  inches.  The  individual  culms  arise  from  hard 
nodules,  or  corms,  arranged  in  a  great  spreading  root-clump, 
and  the  boring  is  confined  to  the  base,  though  never  entering 
the  corm.  The  dwarfed  stem  that  arises  does  not  develop  a 
flowering  spike,  and  the  burrow  is  but  a  few  inches  in  length. 
At  first  the  frass  is  thrown  out,  later  the  gallery  becomes 
rather  clogged  with  it.  The  larva  seems  always  tightly  jam- 
med in  the  boring,  for  the  rapidly  growing  leaves  enfold  it  in 
an  ever  tightening  envelope.  As  the  leaves  conduct  moisture 
down  to  their  bases,  these  galleries  get  in  a  very  unwholesome 
condition,  and  become  congenial  haunts  for  several  dipterous 
species.  Two  of  these  are  species  of  Drosophila  apparently, 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  225 

that  find  the  fermenting  frass  a  proper  environment,  another 
appears  to  be  a  Trypetid  whose  larva  keeps  among  the  frayed 
and  broken  leaf  tissues.  This  same  fly  has  been  noted  associ- 
ated with  Papaipema  nebris,  when  the  latter  was  boring  corn. 
No  parasites  have  been  detected.  The  winter  is  passed  in  the 
egg  stage  without  doubt,  though  this  and  the  first  larval  stages 
were  unobserved,  and  the  species  is  single-brooded.  The  lar- 
vae were  first  met  May  10,  and  the  following  stages  observed : 

Stage  IV  ?  Head  small,  rounded,  pale  yellow,  a  dark  spot  at  ocelli. 
Thoracic  joints  small  compared  to  middle,  as  is  anal  extremity;  sutures 
deep ;  color  is  whitish  translucent,  each  segment  except  the  first  and 
twelfth  showing  a  contrasting  ring  or  girdle  of  purple  brown  on  the 
anterior  half,  giving  a  peculiar  and  characteristic  ringed  appearance. 
The  cervical  shield  is  wider  than  the  head,  the  anterior  edge  marked 
heavily  and  the  posterior,  rounded  portion,  penciled  lightly  in  black; 
tubercles  normal,  do  not  show  clearly  on  the  dark  rings,  similar  through 
last  four  stages ;  setae  well  developed  for  a  borer ;  legs  sixteen. 

Stage  V  ?    No  change. 

Penultimate  stage.  The  purple  rings  not  so  dark,  otherwise  no 
change. 

Last  stage.  Color  of  rings  fades  perceptibly,  and  are  lost  ventrally; 
tubercles  not  large,  black;  on  joint  two  Xa  and  Xb  seem  defined  in 
a  small  dark  area  but  are  without  setae;  la,  Ib,  Ila  and  lib  small  but 
bear  stiff  setae,  IV  is  largest,  the  size  of  a  spiracle;  on  joint  ten  IV  is 
very  low  down,  and  on  eleven  I  and  II  enlarge,  III  and  Ilia  are  separ- 
ate, and  on  twelve  I  and  II  are  fused,  III,  IV  and  V  appear  separated, 
all  closely  preceding  the  anal  shield ;  leg-plates  prominent  and  facing  a 
little  anteriorly;  crochets  on  prolegs  on  joint  nine  number  fourteen. 

Length  for  the  four  stages :     14,  22,  28,  34  mm.  respectively. 

The  pupal  change  does  not  occur  in  the  gallery,  but  under 
a  slight  depth  of  soil.  The  pupa  is  very  active,  of  brown  color, 
surface  shining,  no  frontal  development,  cremaster  two  sharp 
straight  spurs. 

Pupation  occurs  June  8-14,  the  moths  emerge  June  28  to 
July  6. 

Comparing  these  larvae  with  the  allied  genera  Hydroecia 
and  Papaipena,  they  come  closer  to  the  former  in  their  pecu- 
liar ringed  coloration,  which  finds  duplication  in  the  similar 
larval  pattern  of  H.  iinmanis  and  micacea. 

There  is  little  doubt  that  this  colony  of  ryensis  has  flour- 
ished many  years  at  its  present  station.  Both  they  and  their 


226  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

food  plants  possess  certain  features  that  may  make  for  longev- 
ity and  a  vigorous  line  of  descent.  While  the  moths  emerge 
in  a  short  interval,  there  is  a  noteworthy  appearance  of  males 
first ;  further  these  males  are  exceedingly  active.  Even  in 
day  time  it  is  hard  to  raise  the  lid  of  a  breeding  box  without 
some  escaping,  while  at  night  they  very  soon  spoil  their  wings. 
The  tendency  of  such  borers  to  form  isolated  colonies  involves 
the  likelihood  of  inbreeding  to  some  degree.  As  working 
against  this,  the  earlier  appearance  of  the  males  indicates  there 
may  be  some  dispersal  of  them  to  seek  mates  afar.  Their 
activity  and  strength  of  flight  would  permit  of  it. 

With  the  food  plant  there  is  surely  a  pronounced  effort  to 
avoid  self-fertilization  at  the  time  it  blooms,  its  unisexual 
spikelets  striving  to  co-operate  with  those  of  another  flower. 
Here  we  see  the  staminate  portion  blooming  sooner  than  the 
pistillate,  on  the  same  stemmed  rachis,  and  there  is  so  much 
difference  that  chance  of  self-fertilization  is  rather  remote. 
Their  great  clustered  root  stocks  show  in  part  a  perennial  rec- 
ord of  the  culms  born,  and  many  of  the  plants  in  the  type 
locality  have  surely  been  established  for  half  a  century.  Thus 
we  seem  to  have  a  plant  and  an  insect  admirably  associated, 
and  a  knowledge  of  the  food  habit  will,  we  predict,  bring  the 
species  to  light  from  many  other  quarters. 


Use   of  Ants   in   Punishments   (Hymen.). 

In  British  Guiana  the  natives  make  what  are  termed  "ant  mats," 
which  are  employed  in  certain  ordeals,  and  as  punishments  for  young- 
sters, especially  of  the  female  sex.  Certain  varieties  of  "biting"  ant 
are  stuck  into  the  smaller  interstices  of  the  mat,  where  they  are  held 
in  place  by  the  stretching  upon  the  handles  of  the  mat,  which  is  then 
pressed  as  a  whole  upon  the  forehead,  breast,  or  stomach.  (Jour.  Roy. 
Anthrop  Inst.,  July-Dec.,  1912.) 

To  Collect  Lepidopterous  Pupae. 

In  the  spring  thousands  of  young  trees  are  sold  by  nurseries  and 
are  dug  for  shipment  and  many  lepidopterous  pupae  are  unearthed. 
This  should  prove  a  fruitful  source  of  supply  for  the  collector  and 
give  opportunity  to  rear  many  rare  and  beautiful  specimens.  Work- 
men in  nurseries  would  doubtless  be  very  glad  to  save  pupae  for  those 
interested,  especially  if  some  slight  compensation  were  offered. — 
HENRY  SKINNER. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 

[The  Conductors  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  solicit  and  will  thank- 
fully receive  Items  of  news  likely  to  Interest  Its  readers  from  any  source. 
The  author's  name  will  be  given  In  each  case,  for  the  Information  of 
cataloguers  and  bibliographers.] 


TO  CONTRIBUTORS. — All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience,  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  has  reached 
a  circulation,  both  in  numbers  and  circumference,  as  to  make  It  neces- 
sary to  put  "copy"  Into  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  each  number,  four 
weeks  before  date  of  issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
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PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  MAY,    1913. 

Mr.  S.  A.  Rohwer,  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Entomo- 
logical Society  of  Washington,  has  recently  written  us  that  "on 
April  3rd,  Dr.  David  Sharp,  Lawnside,  Brockenhnrst,  Hants, 
England,  and  Dr.  J.  H.  Fabre,  Serignan,  Vaucluse,  France, 
were  chosen  as  the  first  two  honorary  members  of  the  Entomo- 
logical Society  of  Washington.  The  Entomological  Society  of 
Washington  has  ten  honorary  members  to  be  chosen  only  from 
among  foreign  entomologists." 

We  are  glad  to  learn  that  the  Entomological  Society  of 
Washington  has  provided  for  foreign  honorary  members  and 
the  choice  which  has  been  made  for  the  first  two  places  in  the 
list  is  highly  to  be  commended.  Very  diverse  opinions  have 
been  expressed  on  the  honor  attaching  to  such  membership 
in  societies  in  general  but.  when  all  has  been  said,  it  is  a  pleas- 
ant thing  for  one  who  has  labored  long  and  well  in  our  chosen 
science  to  read  his  own  name  in  a  brief  list  of  those  deemed 
worthy  of  special  mention  by  his  collaborators.  Entomology 
is  no  national  property,  but  is  international  in  its  scope  and 
in  its  endeavor.  It  will  prosper  as  international  co-operation 
increases,  and  one  of  the  ways  by  which  this  co-operation  is 
furthered  is  just  that  way  which  the  Washington  Society  is 
instituting. 

227 


228  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 


Notes    and    News. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL,   GLEANINGS   FROM   ALL   QUARTERS 
OF    THE    GLOBE. 

Macrobrachius  in  America    (Dipt.) 

This  genus  was  erected  by  Dr.  H.  Dziedzicki,  in  1889,  for  the  Myce- 
tophilid,  M.  kowarzii  n.  sp.  from  eastern  Europe.  In  Bulletin  No.  200, 
Maine  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  p.  60,  I  described,  under  the 
name  Phronia  producta,  a  fly  taken  at  Brookline,  Mass.,  which  should 
have  been  placed  in  Macrobrachius.  By  some  mischance  I  overlooked 
the  genus,  although  three  years  previously  I  had  correctly  placed  it  in 
the  dichotomic  table  in  Genera  Insectorum,  Ease.  93,  page  57,  last  line. 
In  the  key  of  the  last  mentioned  paper  there  are  two  entries  of  the 
genus,  the  first  of  which  (page  56,  seventh  line  from  the  bottom) 
should  be  stricken  out,  as  an  examination  shows  that  the  ocelli  are 
placed  as  in  Phronia. — O.  A.  JOHANNSEN,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca, 
New  York. 

Pacific  Slope  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists. 

The  following  program  was  announced  for  the  fourth  annual  meet- 
ing of  this  Association,  at  the  University  of  California,  Berkeley, 
Cal.,  on  Thursday,  Friday  and  Saturday,  April  10-12,  1913,  in  affilia- 
tion with  the  Pacific  Association  of  Scientific  Societies  : 

Thursday  afternoon,  April  10.  "Notes  on  Entomological  Litera- 
ture and  Events  of  1912,"  Professor  R.  W.  Doane,  Leland  Stanford 
University.  "Internal  Anatomy  and  Development  of  Epidiaspis  plri- 
cola,"  Mr.  LeRoy  Childs,  Leland  Stanford  University.  "A  new  method 
of  automatic  dehydration,"  Mr.  George  A.  Coleman,  University  of 
California.  "A  preliminary  list  of  the  Coleoptera  that  have  been  in- 
troduced into  California,"  Dr.  Edwin  C.  Van  Dyke,  University  of 
California.  "The  Sensory  Reactions  of  housefly  larvae  with  special 
reference  to  light,  heat  and  moisture,"  Mr.  R.  J.  Jungerman,  Univer- 
sity of  California. 

Thursday  evening,  April  10.  Meeting  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Entomo- 
logical Society  under  the  Presidency  of  Dr.  Edwin  C.  Van  Dyke. 

Friday,  April  n.  "Sesian  borers  of  strawberries,  blackberries 
and  currants  in  the  Santa  Clara  Valley,"  Mr.  Verne  G.  Stevens, 
Leland  Stanford  University.  "Raisin  Insects,"  Mr.  L.  J.  Nickels,  Uni- 
versity of  California.  "A  Resume  of  Aphid  Economics,"  Professor 
J.  C.  Bridwell,  University  of  California.  "Our  Quarantine  Service," 
Professor  A.  J.  Cook,  State  Commissioner  of  Horticulture.  "The 
relation  of  sensory  reactions  to  the  assembling  habits  of  Hippodamla 
convergent,"  Miss  Martha  S.  Beaser,  University  of  California.  "Im- 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

portation  of  Beneficial  Insects,"  Professor  A.  J.  Cook.  "Insecticide 
Co-efficients,"  Professor  C.  W.  Woodworth,  University  of  California. 
"Flour  paste  as  a  control  for  Red  Spiders  and  as  a  spreader  for  con- 
tact insecticides,"  Mr.  W.  B.  Parker,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 
"Fumigation  Injury  to  Oranges,"  Professor  C.  W.  Woodworth.  "The 
Progress  made  in  the  use  of  Miscible  Oils  in  California,"  Mr.  R.  R. 
Rogers,  R.  R.  Rogers  Chemical  Co. 

Friday  evening,   April    n.     Dinner  and   Round   Table. 

Saturday  morning,  April  12.  "Cockroaches  as  carriers  of  infection," 
Mr.  Y.  Nelson,  University  of  California.  "Notes  on  Diptera  reared 
from  cow  manure,"  Mr.  W.  L.  Smith,  Leland  Stanford  University. 
"Some  observations  on  Stoino.rys  calcitrans,"  Mr.  H.  F.  Gray,  Uni- 
versity of  California.  "Some  special  problems  of  External  Parasiti- 
zation,"  Professor  Vernon  L.  Kellogg,  Leland  Stanford  University. 
"The  present  status  of  knowledge  respecting  the  Stonwxys  fly  and  its 
relation  to  Poliomyelitis,"  Professor  W.  B.  Herms,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia. "A  study  of  the  prevalence  of  malaria  in  California  by  coun- 
ties covering  a  period  of  four  years,"  Professor  W.  B.  Herms.  "An 
experimental  study  of  insecticides  as  applied  to  fly  larvae,"  Miss 
Laura  Cairns,  University  of  California. 

Saturday  afternoon,  April   12.     Business  meeting. 

Saturday  evening,  April  12.  Pacific  Association  of  Scientific  Socie- 
ties. 

W.  B.  HERMS,  Secretary-Treasurer. 

Society  for  the  Advancement  of  Forest  Entomology  in  America. 

An  organization,  to  be  known  as  the  "Society  for  the  Advancement 
of  Forest  Entomology  in  America,"  was  effected  at  a  meeting  held  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  on  March  i,  1913,  with  A.  D.  Hopkins,  T.  E.  Sny- 
der,  S.  A.  Rohwer,  F.  C.  Craighead,  C.  T.  Greene,  and  W.  S.  Fisher,  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  H.  E.  Burke  and  T.  M.  Miller,  of  Placerville,  Cal- 
ifornia, Josef  Brunner.  of  Missoula,  Montana,  and  W.  D.  Edmonston, 
of  Ashland,  Oregon,  as  charter  members. 

The  object  of  this  Society  is  to  promote  a  more  general  interest  in 
the  subject  of  forest  entomology  and  the  protection  of  forest  resources 
from  avoidable  waste  due  to  the  depredations  of  insects. 

Membership  is  open  to  persons  who  manifest  an  interest  in  the  sub- 
ject of  insects  in  their  relation  to  the  forest  resources  and  the  forest 
products  of  North  America,  provided  that  they  are  recommended  by 
a  member  or  a  responsible  person,  and  the  initiation  fee  of  fifty  cents 
and  the  annual  dues  of  fifty  cents  are  paid  to  the  Secretary-Treasurer. 

The  following  officers  were  elected:  President,  A.  D.  Hopkins;  Vice 
President,  H.  E.  Burke;  Recording  Secretary,  T.  E.  Snyder;  Corre- 
sponding Secretary-Treasurer,  F.  C.  Craighead. 

Annual  meetings  will  be  held  at  which  the  economic  side  of  forest 


230  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

entomology  will  be  discussed,  including  the  reading  of  papers  on  the 
conservation  of  forest  resources.  It  is  intended  to  publish  Proceed- 
ings when  the  Society  becomes  established  on  a  sufficiently  extensive 
basis.  In  the  meantime,  papers  and  discussions  of  general  interest  will 
be  presented  for  publication  to  forestry,  entomological  and  timber 
journals. 

Persons  interested  in  this  movement  should  correspond  with  Mr.  F. 
C.  Craighead,  Corresponding  Secretary-Treasurer,  Room  410,  Evening 
Star  Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Notes    on    Lycaena    amyntula,    monica    and    tejua    (Lep.). 

I  was  interested  in  what  Mr.  Bethune-Baker  said  in  the  last  issue 
of  this  journal,  in  relation  to  amyntula  being  single-brooded,  with 
possibly  a  partial  second  brood.  There  seems  to  be  a  lack  of  data  in 
regard  to  the  species  and  I  thought  it  would  prove  of  interest  to  pub- 
lish the  data  on  the  specimens  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  where  the  specimens  had  more  than 
State  labels  on  the  pins.  Los  Angeles,  California,  April  18;  Cochise 
County,  Arizona,  May  (Huachuca  Mountains?);  Olympia,  Washing- 
ton, May;  Golden,  Colorado,  May  24th;  Stockton,  Utah,  May  3ist; 
Fort  Klamath,  Oregon,  June  10,  17,  21;  Priest  River,  Idaho,  June  2ist; 
City  Creek  Canyon,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  July  5th ;  Silver  Lake,  Utah, 
July  15,  iSth.  These  are  all  bright,  fresh  specimens  and  those  men- 
tioned from  City  Creek  Canyon  and  Silver  Lake  were  taken  by  my- 
self. It  would  appear  from  these  records  that  there  may  be  a  second 
brood  in  July.  It  should  also  be  remembered,  however,  that  the  late 
records  are  in  places  where  it  is  relatively  cold  and  at  considerable 
elevations  in  the  mountains,  Silver  Lake  being  at  10,000  feet  altitude. 
I  have  seen  ice  in  the  lakes  and  streams  there  in  July.  Now  that  it 
is  the  custom  to  put  date  of  capture  on  specimens  it  will  be  easier  to 
work  out  these  interesting  problems. 

I  look  upon  an  examination  of  the  genitalia  as  a  valuable  aid  in  the 
identification  and  separation  of  species.  After  such  examination  and 
differentiation  is  made,  the  student  should  be  able  to  give  satisfactory 
secondary  characters  to  separate  the  forms  or  species.  It  is  too  much, 
to  ask  those  interested,  to  make  mounts  of  the  genitalia  of  all  their 
specimens  to  identify  them.  Mr.  Bethune-Baker  would  confer  a  favor 
by  giving  absolute  characters  to  separate  amyntula  and  comyntas  other 
than  genitalic. 

He  evidently  received  some  of  his  references  second-hand.  Lycaena 
tejua  Reakirt  is  a  synonym  of  Hespcria  strabo  Fabricius,  and  Lycaena 
monica  Reakirt  is  a  synonym  of  Hesperia  cnejus  Fabricius. 

The  types  are  in  the  Strecker  collection,  now  in  the  Field  Museum, 
Chicago,  Illinois.  "Reakirt  received  at  various  times  considerable  ma- 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  23! 

terial  from  Lorquin,  Jr.,  a  dealer  in  San  Francisco,  who  sent  him  in- 
discriminately examples  from  the  Philippines,  California  and  Europe 
not  accurately  ticketed  as  to  locality,  hence  such  mistakes  as  the  above, 
as  the  real  home  of  tejua,  which  is  only  a  synonym  of  strabo  was 
somewhere  in  the  Philippines  or  the  Dutch  East  Indies."  The  re- 
marks preceding  apply  equally  to  inonica  and  cnejus.  See  Strecker, 
Lep.  Rhop.  Het.  suppl.  No.  3,  p.  20. — HENRY  SKINNER. 

International  Exposition  of  Ornithology,  Entomology  and  Botany. 

[An  "Exposition  Internationale  documentaire  d'Ornithologie,  d'En- 
tomologie  et  de  Botanique  dans  leur  rapports  avec  I'Ornithologie"  has 
been  organized  by  three  of  the  Ornithological  Societies  of  Belgium. 
We  have  received  the  following  statement  in  regard  to  it.] 

We  have  the  honour  to  send  you  a  program  of  our  approaching  ex- 
hibition which  will  take  place  from  May  3rd,  to  June  1st,  1913,  on  the 
premises  of  the  "Palais  des  Beaux-Arts"  in  the  town  of  Liege.  This 
exhibition  is  of  quite  a  new  kind,  and  believe  we  can  certify  that  it 
will  prove  a  great  success,  considering  the  adhesions  which  have  al- 
ready been  promised  us  up  to  the  present. 

We  should  be  very  glad  if  you  would  take  part  in  it  by  sending  col- 
lections. As  you  will  observe  our  field  is  pretty  large  and  collections 
of  birds,  insects,  plants,  different  books,  etc.,  will  find  a  place  in  it. 
Knowing  all  the  value  that  amateurs  attach,  and  rightly,  to  their  col- 
lections which  are  sometimes  very  fragile,  we  can  assure  you  they 
will  be  the  object  of  the  greatest  care  on  our  part.  Besides  a  vigor- 
ous watch,  being  kept  day  and  night  in  the  exhibition,  we  have  con- 
sidered it  wise  to  assure  against  the  risk  of  fire. 

We  draw  the  attention  of  possible  exhibitors  to  the  fact  that  what 
they  send  will  be  admitted  in  transit  and  that  every  facility  for  sale 
will  be  eventually  reserved  to  them.  Finally,  it  is  incontestable  that 
professionals  and  dealers  have  every  advantage  in  putting  themselves 
before  the  public  by  means  of  an  advertisement  in  our  catalogue  which 
will  be  published  on  the  occasion  of  this  exhibition.  This  is  a  novelty 
in  Europe  and  will  contribute  to  the  union  of  amateurs  and  profes- 
sionals. 

We  beg  to  remain,  sir,  for  the  Committee,  the  General  Commissary, 
L.  CUISINIER,  a  Ans,  rue  de  Bruxelles  155    (Belgique.) 

[The  Exposition  is  stated  to  have  the  encouragement  of  the  King 
and  the  patronage  of  the  Queen  of  the  Belgians;  the  Honorary  Com- 
mittee comprises  the  Minister  of  Agriculture  and  Public  Works,  the 
Minister  of  Sciences  and  Arts,  the  Governor  of  the  Province  and  the 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  Liege  and  the  Mayor  of  Verviers,  and  among 
other  members  we  note  the  names  of  the  entomologists  MM.  Baron 
Crombrughe  de  Picquendaele  and  G.  Severin.] 


232  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

On  the  Humming  of  Chironomidae  (Dipt.). 

Mr.  E.  E.  Green,  of  Peradeniya,  Ceylon,  in  the  Entomologists' 
Monthly  Magazine  for  February,  1913,  gives  an  account  of  his  experi- 
ence with  Chironomus  ccylanicus  Kieffer,  of  which  the  following  is  an 
abstract : 

"Colombo,  Ceylon,  is  plagued  at  certain  seasons  by  dense  swarms  of 
so-called  'lake-flies,'  which  issue  at  night-fall  from  the  margins  of  the 
shallow  lake  that  spreads  its  many  arms  through  the  residential  quar- 
ters of  the  town.  .  .  .  Bungalows  situated  on  the  leeward  side  of  the 
water  are  rendered  almost  uninhabitable  during  the  fly  season,  when 
the  insects  swarm  into  the  lighted  rooms,  blackening  the  walls  .  .  . 
and  making  themselves  generally  objectionable.  In  the  morning  they 
may  be  swept  up  literally  by  the  bushel. 

I  happened  to  be  bicycling  one  evening  along  a  road  that  impinged— 
at  one  point — upon  an  arm  of  the  lake.  On  approaching  this  spot  I 
became  aware  of  a  gradually  increasing  and  insistent  noise  .  .  .  when 
I  suddenly  was  involved  in  a  dense  fog  of  flying  insects.  I  was  in- 
stantly smothered  in  the  flies  which  filled  my  eyes,  ears  and  nose, 
almost  blinding  and  suffocating  me.  .  .  .  The  noise  which,  at  the  time, 
I  supposed  to  be  produced  by  the  vibration  of  the  myriad  wings,  was 
most  extraordinary.  I  now  understand  that  it  is  more  probably  attrib- 
utable to  actual  stridulation." 


Entomological  Literature. 

COMPILED    BY    E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR.,    AND    J.    A.    G.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting  those 
appearing  in  the  January  and  February  issues,  which  are  generally  dated 
the  year  previous. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

%— Transactions,  American  Entomological  Society,  Philadelphia. 
4 — The  Canadian  Entomologist.  5 — Psyche.  7 — U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Entomology.  8 — The  Entomologist's 
Monthly  Magazine,  London.  9 — The  Entomologist,  London.  11— 
Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  London.  21 — The  Ento- 
mologist's Record,  London.  22 — Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  Leipzig. 
38 — Wiener  Entomologische  Zeitung.  49 — Annales  historico-natu- 
rales  Musei  Nationalis  Hungarici,  Budapest.  50 — Proceedings  of 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  233 

the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  59— Sitzungsberichte,  Gcsellschaft  der 
naturforschenden  Freunde,  Berlin.  75 — Annual  Report,  Entomo- 
logical Society  of  Ontario,  Toronto.  79 — La  Nature,  Paris.  87— 
Bulletin,  Societe  Entomologique  de  France,  Paris.  92 — Zeitschrift 
fur  wissenschaftliche  Insektenbiologie.  99 — Cornell  University 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Ithaca.  104 — Mittheilungen,  Na- 
turhistorisches  Museum  in  Hamburg.  148 — New  York  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station,  Geneva.  153 — Bulletin,  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  New  York.  160 — Internationale  Revue  der  Ge- 
samten  Hydrobiologie  und  Hydrographie,  Leipzig.  166 — Interna- 
tionale Entomologische  Zeitschrift,  Guben.  169 — "Redia,"  R.  Sta- 
zione  di  entomologia  Agraria  in  Firenze.  175 — Aus  der  Natur, 
Berlin.  176 — Archiv  fur  entwicklungsmechanik  der  Organismen, 
Leipzig.  179 — Journal  of  Economic  Entomology.  182 — Revue 
Russe  d'Entomologie,  St.  Petersburg.  191 — Natur,  Munchen.  194— 
Genera  Insectorum.  Diriges  par  P.  Wytsman,  Bruxelles.  198— 
Biological  Bulletin,  Marine  Biological  Laboratory,  Woods  Hole, 
Mass.  216 — Entomologische  Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.  281 — An- 
nals of  Tropical  Medicine  and  Parasitology,  University  of  Liver- 
pool, Series  T.  M.  320 — Der  Tropenpflanzer,  Berlin.  322 — Journal 
of  Morphology,  Philadelphia.  337 — Meddelelser  om  Gronland.  Den- 
mark Ekspeditionen  til  Gronlands  Nordostkyst  1906-08,  Copen- 
hagen. 351 — Zeitschrift  fur  Allgemeine  Physiologic.  Herausge- 
geben  von  Max  Verworn,  Jena.  368 — The  Monthly  Bulletin  of  the 
State  Commission  of  Horticulture,  Sacramento,  Cal.  369 — Entomo- 
logische Mitteilungen,  Berlin-Dahlem.  390 — Zoologischer  Beobach- 
ter,  Frankfurt  a.  Main.  411 — Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomologi- 
cal Society.  420— Insecutor  Inscitiae  Menstruus:  A  monthly  jour- 
nal of  entomology,  Washington,  D.  C.  421 — Report  of  the  State 
Entomologist  on  the  Noxious  and  Beneficial  Insects  of  Illinois, 
Urbana.  422 — Coleoptcrologische  Rundschau,  Wien.  423 — Journal 
of  the  College  of  Agriculture,  Sapporo,  Japan. 

GENERAL  SUBJECT.  Babak,  E.— Uebcr  die  atmung  der  in- 
sekten,  175,  1913,  293-98.  Berlese,  A. — Piccolo  apparecchio  per 
raccogliere  automatecamente  i  Calcididi  parassiti  da  collczione,  169, 
viii,  471-72.  Gli  insetti  Vol.  II,  fasc.  4-ti.  Gli  affini  degli  insetti. 
L'antichita  degli  insetti,  pp.  97-17(5.  Criddle,  N. — Insect  migration 
at  Aweme,  Manitoba,  75,  1911,  74-70.  Curtis,  W.  P.— The  coloration 
problem,  21,  1913,  57-61  (cont).  Dewitz,  J. — Physiologischc  unter- 
suchungen  bezuglich  der  verwandlung  von  insekten-larven,  22,  xli, 
385-98.  Essig,  E.  O. — Injurious  and  beneficial  insects  of  California. 
368,  ii,  1-351.  Gardner,  C.  C.  B. — Experiments  on  the  capability  of 
ants  to  withstand  drought  and  to  recover  from  its  effects  when 
nearly  dead,  21,  1913,  81-83.  Gibson,  A. — The  entomological  record 
1911,  75,  1911,  89-112.  Gibson,  A.  et  al. — Reports  on  insects  of  the 


234  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

year  1911,  75,  1911,  9-38,  72-74.  Grandori,  R.— Studi  sullo  sviluppo 
larvale  dei  copepodi  pelagici,  169,  viii,  360-457.  Hartman,  F.  A. — 
Variations  in  the  size  of  chromosomes.  Giant  germ  cells  in  tin- 
grasshopper,  198,  xxiv,  226-244.  Herrick,  G.  W. — Some  external 
insect  parasites  of  domestic  fowls,  179,  vi,  81-85.  Hewitt,  C.  G.— 
Insect  scourges  of  mankind  (abstract),  75,  1911,  46-50.  Holloway, 
T.  E. — Field  observations  on  sugar-cane  insects  in  the  U.  S.  in 
1912,  7,  Circ.  171.  Kirby,  W.  F.— Obituary  notice,  166,  vi,  325-26. 
Kusnezov,  N.  J. — Sur  la  tendance  vers  les  denominations  superflues 
en  entomologie  ("die  Namengeberei"  des  auteurs  allemands),  (Rus- 
sian), 182,  xii,  256-76.  Lengerken,  H.  v. — Etwas  ueber  den  erhal- 
tungszustand  von  insekteninklusen  im  Bernstein,  22,  xli,  284-86. 
Olsen,  C.  E. — The  enemies  of  a  plant  louse,  411,  viii,  41-42.  Osha- 
nin,  W. — Zur  nomenklaturfrage  in  der  zoologischen  systematik, 
216,  xxvi,  197-200.  Semichon,  L. — Sur  la  differenciation  chroma- 
tique  de  certains  granules  de  reserve  chez  des  insectes,  87,  1913,  69. 
Sokolar,  F.— Entomologische  fundorte,  422,  ii,  46-51.  Walker,  E. 
M. — Some  injurious  forest  insects  at  De  Grassi  Point,  Lake  Simcoe, 
75,  1911,  55-63.  Woglum,  R.  S. — Report  of  a  trip  to  India  and  the 
Orient  in  search  of  the  natural  enemies  of  the  citrus  white  fly,  7, 
Bui.  120.  Zacher,  F. — Notizen  ueber  schadling  tropischer  kulturen, 
320,  1913,  131-44. 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Cooley,  R.  A.— Notes  on  little  known 
habits  of .  .  . .  Dermacentor  venustus,  179,  vi,  93-95.  Kautzsch,  G.— 
Studien  ueber  entwicklungsanomalien  bei  Ascaris,  II,  176,  xxxv, 
642-691.  Quayle,  H.  J. — Some  natural  enemies  of  spiders  and 
mites,  179,  vi,  85-88.  

Kraepelin,  K. — Neue  beitrage  zur  systematik  der  gliederspinnen, 
II,  104,  xxix,  45-88.  Tragardh,  I. — Acari  (of  the  Danish  expedition 
to  Greenland,  1906-1908),  337,  iii,  417-26. 

APTERA  AND  NEUROPTERA.  Cummings,  B.  F.— Apropos 
of  the  first  maxillae  of  the  genus  Dipseudopsis  (Trichoptera),  11, 
xi,  308-12.  Hewitt,  C.  G.— Thrips  affecting  oats,  75,  1911,  63-65. 
Saemann,  J. — Das  ausschlupfen  der  libelle,  191,  1913,  266-68. 

Navas,  R.  P.  L. — Nemopteridae  (Neuroptera),  194,  fas.  136,  23  pp. 
Navas,  R.  P.  L. — Zur  lebensweise  der  ameisenlowen,  369,  ii,  81-87. 
Paine  &  Mann. — Mallophaga  from  Brazilian  birds,  5,  1913,  15-23. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Caudell,  A.  N.— Locustidae,  subfam.  Mecone- 
minae,  Phyllophorinae,  Tympanophorinae,  Phasgoneurinae,  Phas- 
modinae,  Bradyporinae,  Ephippigerinae,  194,  fas.  138,  140.  Hart- 
man, F.  A. — (See  under  General  Subjects.) 

Bruner,  L. — Results  of  the  Yale  Peruvian  expedition  of  1911.— 
Acridiidae,  50,  xliv,   177-87.     Caudell,  A.  N.— Results   of  the  Yale 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  235 

Peruvian  expedition  of  1911. — O.  (exclusive  of  Acridiidae),  50, 
xliv,  347-57.  Chopard,  L. — Description  d'tm  genre  nouveau  et  d'une 
espece  nouvelle  de  Mantidae  de  la  Republique  Argentine.  87,  19 1:'., 
55-60.  Karny,  H.— Locustidae,  subfam.  Listroscelinae,  Conocepha- 
linae,  Copiphorinae,  Agraeciinae,  194,  fas.  131,  135,  139,  141. 

HEMIPTERA.  Blacklock,  B. — On  the  resistance  of  "Cimex  lec- 
tularius"  to  various  reagents,  powders,  liquids  and  gases,  281,  vi, 
415-434.  Hartzell,  F.  Z.— The  grape  leaf-hopper,  148,  Bui.  359. 
Hewitt,  C.  G. — The  spring  grain  aphis  or  "green  bug"  (Toxoptera 
graminum),  4,  1913,  77-80.  Teodoro,  G, — Sulla  struttura  delle  valve 
anali  del  "Lecanium  Oleae,"  169,  viii,  458-61.  Wheeler,  W.  M.— 
A  giant  coccid  from  Guatemala,  5,  1913,  31-33. 

Distant,  W.  L. — Homoptera.  Cicadidae,  subfam.  Cicadinae,  194, 
fas.  142,  63  pp.  Kirkaldy,  (late)  G.  W. — Generic  tables  for  the  cimi- 
cid  subfamilies  Phyllocephalinae,  Phloeinae  and  Dinidorinae,  4, 
1913,  81-84.  Lallemand,  V. — Homoptera.  Cercopidae,  194,  fas.  143, 
167  pp. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Burgess,  A.  F.— The  dispersion  of  the  gipsy 
moth,  7,  Bui.  119.  Cockerell,  O.  J. — Illustrations  of  American  L., 
9,  1913,  73.  Dawson,  H. — Some  notes  on  Hepialus  hyperboreus,  75, 
2911,  81-82.  Frohawk,  F.  W. — Hibernation  of  Pyrameis  atlanta,  9, 
1913,  40-42.  Gill,  J.  B. — The  fruit  tree  leaf-roller  (Archips  argyros- 
pila),  7,  Bui.  116,  pt.  5.  Harwood,  W.  H, — Duration  in  the  larva 
state  of  Trochilium  apiformis,  9,  1913,  58.  Johnson  &  Hammar.— 
The  grape-berry  moth  (Polychrosis  vitaena),  7,  Bui.  116,  pt.  2. 
Kleine,  R. — Die  kummelmotte  Schistode-pressaria  nervosa,  92,  1913, 
37-41  (cont.).  Das  ei  von  "Propylaea  14-punctata,"  166,  vi,  330-31. 
Kosminsky,  P.— Zur  frage  ueber  die  unbestandigkeit  der  morpholo- 
gischen  merkmale  bei  Abraxas  grossulariata  (Russian),  182,  xii, 
313-28.  Rau  &  Rau. — The  fertility  of  Cecropia  eggs  in  relation  to 
the  mating  period,  198,  xxiv,  245-50.  Rizzi,  M. — Sullo  sviluppo  dell'- 
uovo  di  "Bombyx  mori,"  169,  viii,  323-59.  Rothke,  M. — Ein  weiteres 
beispiel  des  schlupfens  von  schmetterlingen  bei  niederer  temperatur, 
92,  1913,  1-3.  Rowland-Brown,  H. — Further  notes  on  Hesperid 
classification,  9,  1913,  25-28,  109-10.  Schmidt,  A.— Die  entwicklungs- 
geschichte  von  "Oxytrypia  arbiculosa"  (Hungarian),  49,  x,  617-37. 
Schuster,  W. — Beitrage  zur  oekologie  und  biologic  dieser  "Licht- 
motte"  (Eurrhypara  urticata)  wie  der  Hydrocampinae  uberhaupt, 
92,  1913,  42-44.  Sheldon,  W.  G. — A  contribution  to  the  life-history 
of  Brenthis  frigga,  9,  1913,  80-81.  Tanaka,  Y. — Studies  on  the  struc- 
ture of  the  silk  glands  and  the  silk  formation  in  Bombyx  mori,  423, 
iv,  pt.  2,  1-28,  1911.  Watson,  J.  H. — Hewitson's  drawings  of  L.,  9, 
1913,  63.  Wood,  J.  H.— The  wingless  geometer,  8,  1913,  59-61. 


236  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

Boullet,  E. — Description  d'unc  forme  femelle  de  Baronia  brevi- 
cornis,  87,  1913,  99-101.  Comstock,  W.  P.— A  new  Xo.  American 
butterfly  in  the  family  Lycaenidae,  411,  viii,  33-36.  '  Dyar,  H.  G.— 
Descriptions  of  n.  spp.  of  Saturnian  moths  in  the  coll.  of  the  U.  S. 
Nat.  Museum.  Descriptions  of  new  L.,  chiefly  from  Mexico,  50, 
xliv,  121-134,  279-324.  The  species  of  Sphida.  The  larvae  of  Xan- 
thopastis  timais.  A  note  on  the  Macrothecinae.  420,  1913,  18,  19,  22- 
23.  Jordan,  K. — Diagnoses  of  some  American  Acraeinae,  9,  1913, 
32-33.  Jorgensen,  P. — Zur  kenntnis  der  Syntomiden  Argentiniens, 
92,  1913,  3-7  (cont.).  Meyrick,  E. — Heterocera,  fam.  Adelidae;  fam. 
Micropterygidae,  194,  fasc.  132,  9  pp.;  fasc.  133,  12  pp.  Schaus,  W.— 
New  spp.  of  Erycinidae  from  Costa  Rica,  11,  xi,  298-303.  Swett,  L. 
W. — Geometrid  notes — new  varieties,  4,  1913,  75-76.  Walsingham, 
L. — Biologia  Centrali-Atnericana,  IV:  Heterocera,  169-224. 

DIPTERA.  Adie,  H.  A. — Note  on  the  sex  of  mosquito  larvae, 
281,  vi,  463-66.  Berlese,  A. — La  distruzione  della  Mosca  domestica, 
169,  viii,  462-70.  Bishopp,  F.  C. — The  stable  fly,  an  important  live 
stock  pest,  179,  vi,  112-126.  Brues,  C.  T.— The  relation  of  the  Sto- 
rnoxys  calcitrans  to  the  transmission  of  infantile  paralysis,  179,  vi, 
101-110.  Elser,  H. — Aus  dem  leben  der  schlammfliege,  390,  1913, 
33-39.  Forbes,  S.  A. — (See  below.)  Frost,  C.  A. — Peculiar  habits 
of  small  D.,  "Desmometopa  latipes,"  5,  1913,  37.  Hunter,  S.  J.— 
Pellagra  and  the  sand-fly,  II,  179,  vi,  96-100.  Illingsworth,  J.  F. — A 
study  of  the  biology  of  the  apple  maggot  (Rhagoletis  pomonella), 
together  with  an  investigation  of  methods  of  control.  Cherry  fruit 
flies  and  how  to  control  them,  99,  Bui.  324  and  325.  Knab,  F.— 
Some  earlier  observations  on  the  habits  of  Aphiochaeta  juli.  420, 
1913,  24.  Richardson,  C.  H.— (See  under  Hymenoptera.)  Strick- 
land, E.  H. — Further  observations  on  the  parasites  of  Simulium 
larvae,  322,  xxiv,  43-106.  Tothill,  J.  D. — Tachinidae  and  some  Cana- 
dian hosts,  4,  1913,  69-75.  Vimmer,  A. — Erganzungen  zu  clem  auf- 
satz  "Zur  kenntnis  Phytomyza  xylostei,"  92,  1913,  19-21.  Weiss, 
H.  B. — Positive  thigmotropism  of  Culex  pipiens  in  hibernation,  5, 
1913,  36-7.  Weiss,  H.  B. — (See  under  Coleoptera.) 

Alexander,  C.  P. — New  neotropical  Antochini  (Tipulidae),  5,  1913, 
40-54.  A  revision  of  the  So.  American  dipterous  insects  of  the  fam- 
ily Ptychopteridae,  50,  xliv,  3:11-35.  Becker,  T. — Berichtigungen 
zur  monographic  der  Chloropiden,  49,  xi,  645-46.  Forbes,  S.  A.— 
On  black-flies  and  buffalo-gnats  (Simulium)  as  possible  carriers  of 
pellagra  in  Illinois,  421,  xxvii,  21-55.  Johnson,  C.  W. — Species  of  the 
genus  Gaurax  of  the  eastern  U.  S.,  5,  1913,  34-35.  Insects  of  Florida, 
153,  xxxii,  37-90.  Knab,  F. — Some  neotropical  Syrphidae.  Names 
and  synonymy  in  Anopheles.  420,  1913,  13-17.  Malloch,  J.  R. — A 
new  genus  and  3  n.  spp.  of  Phoridae  from  N.  America,  with  notes  on 
. . .  .Crepidopachys  and  Pronomiophora,  5,  1913,  23-26.  Descriptions 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  237 

of  n.  spp.  of  American  flies  of  the  family  Borhoridae.  Two  n.  spp. 
of  D.  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  collection,  50,  xliv,  361-372, 
461-463.  Villeneuve,  J. — Notes  synonymiques,  38,  xxxii,  128. 

COLEOPTERA.  Boving,  A.  G.— Studies  relating  to  the  anat- 
omy.. ..of  Dytiscidae,  160,  1913,  Biol.  Sup.,  pt.  2,  28  pp.  Champion, 
G.  C. — C.  in  orchids.  8,  193,  55-5G.  von  Dalla  Torre,  K.  W.— 
Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  50:  Scarabaeidae:  Melolonthinae, 
IV,  pp.  291-450.  Dow,  R.  P. — Makers  of  coleopterous  species.  411, 
viii.  37-41.  Gibson,  A. — Blister  beetles,  75,  1911,  83-88.  Houlbert, 
C.— L'arlequin  de  Surinam,  79,  1913,  241-242.  Kleine,  R.— Ueber 
den  stridulationsapparat  bei  "Sibinia  pellucens,'"  166,  vi,  357-59. 
Knab,  F. — Larvae  of  Cyphonidae  in  Bromeliaceae,  8,  1913,  54-55. 
Lasch,  W. — Einige  beobachtungen  am  herzen  der  hirschkaferlarveri, 
351,  xiv,  312-19.  Lengerken,  H.  v. — Beitrag  zur  lebensgewohnheit 
von  Otiorrhynchus  rotundatus,  92,  1913,  7-12.  Newell.  W. — Notes 
on  the  rice  weevil  (Lissorhoptrus  simplex),  179,  vi,  55-61.  Schulze, 
P. — Studien  ueber  tierische  korper  der  carotingruppe,  59,  1913, 
1-22.  Weiss,  H.  B. — Some  tropic  reactions  of  ''Megilla  maculata" 
and  notes  on  the  hydrotropism  of  certain  mosquitoes,  4,  1913,  85- 
87.  Wesenberg-Lund,  C. — Biologische  studien  ueber  Dytisciden, 
160,  1913,  Biol.  Sup.,  pt.  1,  129  pp. 

Bowditch,  F.  C. — Notes  on  Chlamydae  with  descriptions  of  a 
few  new  forms,  2,  xxxix,  1-21.  Clavareau,  H. — Coleopterorum  cata- 
logus. Pars  51.  Chrysomelidae:  1.  Sagrinae;  2.  Donaciinae:  3. 
Orsodacninae;  4.  Criocerinae,  103  pp.  Dupuis,  P. — Carabidae,  sub- 
fam.  Notiophilinae,  194,  fasc.  134,  5  pp.  Fall,  H.  C. — A  brief  review 
of  our  species  of  Magdalis,  with  notes  and  descriptions  of  other  No. 
Am.  Rhynchophora,  2,  xxxix,  23-72.  Kerremans,  C. — Monographic 
des  Buprestides.  VI,  Livr.  4,  5,  6.  Pic,  M. — Deux  nouveaux  An- 
thicides  de  la  Republique  Argentine.  Trois  nouveaux  Pelecoto- 
moides,  87,  1913,  46-48,  93-94.  Wickham,  H.  F.— New  No.  Ameri- 
can Elateridae  and  Scarabaeidae,  5,  1913,  27-31. 

HYMENOPTERA.  Bischoff,  H.— Ein  interessanter  hymenop- 
terenzwitter,  92,  1913,  53-54.  Brun,  R. — Zur  biologie  von  Formica 
rufa  und  Campnnotus  herculeanus,  92,  1913,  15-19.  Forel,  A. — Die 
weibchen  der  "Treiberameisen"  Anomma  nigricans  . .  . .  nehst  cini- 
gen  anderen  ameisen  aus  Uganda,  104,  xxix,  173-181.  Foster,  S.  W. 
-The  cherry  fruit  sawfly  (Hoplocampa  cookei"),  7,  Bui.  110,  pt.  3. 
Rohwer,  S.  A. — Chalcidids  injurious  to  forest  tree  seeds,  7,  Tech. 
Ser.  20,  pt.  VI.  Wheeler,  W.  M. — Notes  on  the  habits  of  some 
Central  American  stingless  bees,  5,  xx,  1-9.  Winn,  A.  F. — A  hy- 
menopterous  parasite  of  Hepialus  thule,  75,  1911,  70-71. 


238  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Melionine  bees  from  Central  America,  5, 
1913,  10-14.  Emery,  C. — Formicidae,  subfam.  Dolichoderinae,  194, 
fasc.  137,  50  pp.  Kurdjumov,  N.  V. — Synonymic  note  on  some  Tri- 
chogrammatidae,  182,  xii,  281.  Mocsary,  A. — Species  Chrysidida- 
rum  novae,  49,  x,  385-414,  549-592.  Richardson,  C.  H. — An  unde- 
scribed  hymenopterous  parasite  of  the  housefly,  5,  1913,  38-39. 
Rohwer,  S.  A. — Results  of  the  Yale  Peruvian  expedition  of  1911— 
Vespoidea  and  sphecoidea,  50,  xliv,  439-54.  Viereck,  H.  L. — Re- 
sults of  the  Yale  Peruvian  expedition  of  1911. — Ichneumonoidea, 
50,  xliv,  469-70. 


Doings  of  Societies. 

FELDMAN   COLLECTING   SOCIAL. 

Meeting  of  January  15,  1913,  at  1523  South  Thirteenth 
Street,  Philadelphia.  Eleven  members  were  present.  Presi- 
dent Haimbach  in  the  chair. 

The  President  read  his  annual  address,  which  was  ordered 
to  be  incorporated  in  the  minutes. 

The  -following  officers  were  elected  to  serve  for  the  year 
1913:  President,  Frank  Haimbach;  Vice-president,  H.  A. 
Wenzel ;  Treasurer,  H.  W.  Wenzel ;  Secretary,  George  M. 
Greene ;  Assistant  Secretary,  Chas.  T.  Greene. 

Mr.  Wenzel  remarked  on  the  genus  Hleodes  and  particu- 
larly on  a  minute  species  collected  by  H.  A.  Wenzel  in  South- 
ern Texas.  This  species  is  not  in  the  American  Entomologi- 
cal Society's  collection  or  the  Horn  collection.  He  had  sent 
this  with  three  other  species  to  Dr.  Blaisdell  (who  has  worked 
on  this  group  for  ten  years,  having  had  the  material  from  the 
collections  all  over  the  United  States)  for  confirmation,  as  he 
had  worked  it  out  in  Dr.  B.'s  monograph  as  debilis  LeC.  The 
reply  received  was  that  the  former  was  undoubtedly  debilis 
and  the  other  three,  had  they  been  found  in  Arizona  or  further 
north,  he  would  pronounce  to  be  all  new  species,  but  having 
come  from  Texas  they  might  be  Mexican,  and  he  would 
have  to  look  them  up  further  in  the  Biologia  Central i  Ameri- 
cana Coleoptera. 

Two  species  of  moths  were  exhibited  by  Geo.  M.  Greene ; 
Chloridea  virescens  Fabr.,  collected  on  a  window  in  City  Hall 
by  himself  July  2,  1912;  among  other  things  this  species  in- 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  239 

fests  the  tobacco  plant.     Mcsoleuca  vasaliata  Gn.,  from  Rox- 
borough,  Pa.,  April  16,  1910,  collected  by  C.  T.  Greene. 
Adjourned  to  the  annex. 


Meeting  of  February  19,  1913,  at  1523  South  Thirteenth 
Street,  Philadelphia.  Nine  members  were  present ;  Mr.  John 
Pemberton,  Jr.,  of  this  city,  visitor.  President  Haimbach  in 
the  chair. 

Mr.  Wenzel  stated  that  he  had  gone  over  Cychrus  and  had 
added  many  species  to  his  collection  of  this  group,  which  now 
numbers  about  four  hundred  specimens.  These  were  exhib- 
ited. He  said  that  it  was  peculiar  that  all  the  iridescent  forms 
came  from  this  side  of  the  Rockies.  His  collection  of  Dicaelus 
was  also  shown,  with  only  one  known  species  missing. 

Mr.  Harbeck  started  a  discussion  on  the  Bot  Flies,  and  ex- 
tracts were  read  from  Howard's  "Insect  Book."  The  chapter 
on  Midges  was  also  read  by  Mr.  Wenzel,  Jr. 

Mr.  Wenzel,  Jr.,  said  he  had  noticed  small  white  larvae  in 
the  seed-pods  of  the  wild  hollyhock,  Hibiscus  moscheutos,  at 
Essington,  Pa.,  but  none  of  the  members  knew  the  species. 

Adjourned  to  the  annex. 

GEORGE  M.  GREENE,  Secretary. 


OBITUARY. 

L.  E.  Ricksecker. 

Lucius  EDGAR  RICKSECKER,  well  known  to  all  American 
students  of  Coleoptera,  died  at  his  home  in  San  Diego,  Cali- 
fornia, January  30,  1913,  (as  was  briefly  announced  in  the 
NEWS  for  March,  page  144),  of  an  attack  of  angina  pectoris, 
following  a  stroke  of  paralysis,  nine  months  before,  from 
which  he  had  recovered  but  slightly. 

He  was  born  in  Nazareth,  Pennsylvania,  January  14,  1841. 
From  October,  1862,  to  July,  1863,  he  was  a  corporal  in  the 
153(1  Pennsylvania  volunteers.  In  1868  he  went  to  Salt  Lake 
City,  where  for  several  years  he  was  in  charge  of  the  Division 
Engineer's  office  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  later  serv- 


240  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '13 

ed  in  a  similar  capacity  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  at 
Spokane.  Since  1873  he  has  resided  almost  continuously  in 
California,  and  was  for  many  years  county  surveyor,  or  City 
Engineer,  at  Santa  Rosa.  Following  the  great  earthquake 
and  fire  of  1906,  in  which  he  lost  heavily,  he  went  to  Oakland 
for  a  year,  whence  in  October,  1907,  he  moved  to  San  Diego. 

Mr.  Ricksecker  was  an  enthusiastic  naturalist  and  a  collec- 
tor of  objects  of  natural  history  from  boyhood.  At  first  birds' 
eggs,  fossils  and  shells  received  his  attention,  but  later,  largely 
through  ihe  influence  of  Prof.  O.  B,  Johnson,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Washington  (State),  he  became  interested  in  insects, 
especially  Coleoptera,  of  which  he  accumulated  a  valuable  col- 
lection. These,  with  all  other  collections  and  his  library  as 
well,  were  totally  destroyed  in  the  catastrophe  which,  on  the 
1 8th  of  April,  1906,  fell  almost  as  heavily  on  Santa  Rosa  as 
upon  San  Francisco.  He  did  not  again  attempt  a  private  cabi- 
net, but  for  several  years  he  collected  for  sale  Lepidoptera 
and  Coleoptera  about  San  Dieg'o,  among  these  a  number  of 
species  new  to  science. 

Mr.  Ricksecker  is  best  known  to  entomologists  as  a  Col- 
lector of  West  Coast  Coleoptera,  and  there  is  hardly  a  cabinet 
of  any  size  in  this  country  but  that  has  been  enriched  by  his 
efforts.  While  he  has  published  very  little,  he  has  contributed 
from  his  experience  much  valuable  information  in  letters  to 
correspondents,  notably,  on  the  occurrence  and  habits  of  Pleo- 
conia,  and  such  fine  species  as  Pleocoma  rickseckeri  and  Cych- 
rus  rickseckeri  have  been  named  in  his  honor. 

A  correspondent  for  many  years  previously,  I  have,  for  the 
past  dozen  years,  been  personally  acquainted  with  Mr.  Rick- 
secker. I  found  him  a  good  naturalist,  well  and  widely  inform- 
ed ;  a  courteous  gentleman ;  a  firm  friend,  generous  and  just  in 
all  his  dealings — in  short,  a  man  that  it  was  worth  while  to 
know. 

Mr.  Ricksecker  was  married  in  1881  to  Miss  Henriette  E. 
McFarland,  of  San  Francisco,  his  second  wife,  who  survives 
him.  H.  C.  FALL. 


CORRECTION. 

Page  186  (April  NEWS),  lines  5  and  6.    The  paper  on  Schlechtendalia 
credited  to  Rigakuhakushi,  C.  S.,  should  be  credited  to  Sasaki,  C. 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  VIII. 


MISS    MARY    ESTHER     MURTFELDT. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY    OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL.  XXIV. 


JUNE,   1913- 


No.  6. 


CONTENTS: 


Schwarz — Miss  Mary  E.  Murtfeldt....  241 

Brehme — Notes  on  Mosquitoes  (Dipt.)  242 

Sherman — The  Melpidae  (Blister-bee- 
tles) of  N  Carolina  (Col.) 245 

Leonard — Additions  to  the  New  Jersey 
Tipulidae  (Diptera),  with  the  de- 
scription of  a  new  species 247 

Wolley  Dod — Notes  on  Some  North 
American  Noctuidae  (Lepid  ) 249 

The  New  President  of  the  Entomologi- 
cal Society  of  London 257 

Williamson — The  Medio-anal  Link  in 
Agrioninae  ( Odonata) 258 

Comstock— On  the  recurrence  of  Thecla 
wittfeldii  Edw.  (Lep.) 261 

Bergroth — On  some  North  American 
Hemiptera 263 

Honors  to  Entomologists 267 

Bowditch — New  Species  of  Macrogo- 
nus  (Col. ) 268 

Van  Duzee — Synoptical  Table  of  the 
North  American  species  of  the  Dip- 


terous genus  Sympycnus,  with  the 

description  of  a  new  species 270 

Smith — Anew  Noctuid  (Lepid.) 273 

Malloch— The  genus  Parodinia  Coquil- 

lett  (Geomyzidae,  Dipt.) 274 

Editorial — Color  Nomenclature 277 

Reed — Cystineura   Amymone   (Lepid.)  279 

Entomological  Literature 279 

Review— Brunetti's    Diptera    Nemato- 

cera,  Fauna  of  British  India 283 

Review— The   Monthly  Bulletin  of  the 

State  Commission  of  Horticulture  285 
Review  of  Scorer — The  Entomologist's 
Log-Book   and    Dictionary  of   the 
Life  Histories  and  Food  Plants  of 
the  British  Macro-Lepidoptera  ....  285 
Review  of  Barnes  and  McDunnough — 
Contributions  to  the  Natural  His- 
tory of  the  Lepidoptera  of   North 

America 286 

Doings  of  Societies 2»6 


Miss  Mary  E.  Murtfeldt. 

(Portrait,  Plate  VIII.) 

Mary  Esther  Murtfeldt  died  at  her  home  in  Kirkwood, 
Missouri,  February  23rd  last. 

She  was  born  in  New  York,  and  there,  at  an  early  age,  she 
suffered  the  serious  illness  which  left  her  with  a  slight  paral- 
ysis, so  that  for  all  her  after  life  she  was  restricted  in  her 
walking.  Otherwise  she  was  robust  and  her  physical  infirmity 
seemed  only  to  intensify  her  mental  powers. 

With  her  family  she  early  moved  to  Rockford,  Illinois. 
Here  in  Rockford  College  she  received  the  education  that  the 
schools  could  give.  In  1869  she  moved  to  St.  Louis,  where 
Miss  Murtfeldt  met  Prof.  C.  V.  Riley  and  on  account  of  her 
extensive  knowledge  of  botany  became  an  invaluable  associate 
worker  to  him.  In  1871  the  family  moved  to  Kirkwood,  a 
suburb  of  St.  Louis,  where  she  lived  ever  since. 

Her  learning,  which  was  so  profound  in  her  special  work 

241 


242  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  ["June>  'T3 

of  entomology  and  was  so  broad  that  it  reached  all  subjects 
of  interest  to  cultivated  people,  was  largely  acquired  by  her- 
self. 

She  was  particularly  interested  in  the  life  histories  of  the 
microlepidoptera  and  began  writing  on  entomological  subjects 
in  1870.  From  that  time  to  her  death  she  contributed  many 
articles  to  scientific  journals.  In  1891  there  appeared  from 
her  pen  a  book  entitled  "Outlines  of  Entomology,"  prepared 
for  the  use  of  farmers  and  horticulturists  at  the  request  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and  the  State 
Horticultural  Society  of  Missouri. 

She  was  associate  editor  of  "Farm  Progress,"  published  in 
St.  Louis ;  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science  and  a  member  of  the  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences of  St.  Louis. 

HERMANN  SCHWARZ. 

[American  Men  of  Science  adds  that  she  was  Assistant  to 
the  State  Entomologist  of  Missouri,  1876-1878,  and  acting 
State  Entomologist,  1888-1896;  field  agent  of  the  Division  of 
Entomology,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  1880- 
1893 ;  staff  contributor  on  entomology  and  botany  to  the  St. 
Louis  Republic  since  1896.] 


Notes  on  Mosquitoes  (Dipt.). 

By  HERMAN  H.  BREHME, 

In  charge  of  the  Mosquito  Extermination  Work  at  the  New  Jersey 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

The  summer  of  1912  was  a  normal  one  until  the  first  part 
of  August,  when  heavy  showers  set  in,  consequently  favor- 
able for  prolific  production  of  mosquitoes.  Complaints  were 
received  from  the  southern  part  of  the  State  and  especially 
along  the  shores  of  Barnegat  Bay.  Upon  investigation,  the 
species  most  troublesome  proved  to  be  Aedes  sollicitans.  In 
the  northern  section  it  helped  Culc.v  pipiens  along.  Sollicitans 
was  very  rare  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State  all  season. 

The  house  mosquito,  C.  pipiens,  was  nearly  absent  in  Essex 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  243 

County  until  August  22,  when  there  was  a  slight  invasion  in 
the  northeastern  section  of  Newark.  In  Hudson  County  it 
was  the  predominating  species,  as  very  little  work  had  been 
done  to  check  the  breeding.  In  Union  County  pipicns  was  re- 
duced considerably  by  the  continued  oiling  and  filling  in  of  the 
breeding  places  and  not  many  individuals  were  noticed 
throughout  the  season. 

Anopheles  maculipennis  was  very  abundant  throughout  the 
State,  more  so  than  in  previous  years,  and  larvae  could  be 
found  in  the  eddies  of  all  brooks,  in  among  the  grass  along 
the  edges  of  brooks,  and  in  almost  any  grassy  pool  scores  of 
larvae  could  be  found.  The  most  prolific  place  that  was  dis- 
covered for  this  species  was  near  White  City  in  Mercer 
County.  The  swamps  in  that  section  were  alive  with  them. 

Anopheles  punctipennis  was  very  abundant  throughout  the 
State  and  larvae  were  found  almost  anywhere  until  November. 
The  most  prolific  place  for  this  species  was  found  near  Prince- 
ton. 

Anopheles  crucians  was  quite  rare  throughout  the  entire 
season  and  only  odd  specimens,  all  in  the  larvae  stage,  were 
noticed  and  these  were  found  on  the  saltmarsh  along  Barne- 
gat  Bay. 

Psorophora  ciliata  was  apparently  rare  throughout  the  sea- 
son. Few  larvae  were  noticed  and  not  many  adults  were  seen 
anywhere.  The  prolific  breeding  places  for  this  species  in 
Essex  County  have  been  eliminated. 

Aedes  sayi  was  plentiful  in  the  Great  Piece  Meadows 
(Essex  County)  during  the  latter  part  of  August.  As  this  is 
one  of  the  most  ferocious  species  in  the  State  it  made  life 
miserable  for  both  man  and  beast  in  that  region. 

Aedes  jamaicensis  was  very  rare  and  no  records  were  made 
at  all. 

Aedes  cant  at  or  was  not  as  abundant  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  State  as  in  1911  ;  in  the  southern  portion,  however,  it  was 
very  plentiful  and  in  exceedingly  large  specimens.  The  first 
brood  hatched  early  in  May  and  they  held  on  for  nearly  six 
weeks,  and  no  more  hatching  took  place  until  early  in  Sep- 
tember, when  they  appeared  in  association  with  sollicitans. 


244  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,  '13 

It  was  not  the  predominant  form  as  in  previous  years,  sollici- 
tans  outnumbering  them  ten  to  one. 

Aedes  sollicitans  made'  its  appearance  as  the  first  brood  of 
cantator  was  disappearing,  which  is  the  usual  habit.  This  spe- 
cies was  very  rare  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State  until  Sep- 
tember, when  a  fair-sized  brood  emerged  on  the  Newark  and 
Elizabeth  meadows  due  to  the  extremely  high  tides.  In  the 
southern  part  of  the  State  they  were  very  abundant  the  big- 
gest part  of  the  season,  in  fact  so  ferocious  that  horses  broke 
their  harness  to  get  away  from  the  torturing  pest.  The  na- 
tives claimed  that  mosquitoes  were  not  so  bad  in  twenty  years, 
and  that  was  undoubtedly  true. 

Aedes  taeniorhynchus  appeared  to  be  exceedingly  rare  and 
only  two  specimens  were  taken  until  the  first  part  of  Septem- 
ber, when  a  small  brood  emerged  on  the  Cheesequake  mead- 
ows (Middlesex  County),  this  being  the  only  locality  from 
which  any  have  been  reported. 

Aedes  sylvestris  appeared  in  vast  swarms  through  Essex, 
Hudson  and  Union  Counties  in  May  and  June,  and  these  were 
at  first  all  taken  for  cantator  by  the  local  county  inspectors 
until  the  difference  was  pointed  out. 

Aedes  triseriatus  was  found  both  in  Union  and  Essex  Coun- 
ties, mostly  in  tree  holes ;  only  on  one  occasion  has  it  been 
found  in  rainwater  barrels  during  the  past  season. 

Aedes  pretans  occurred  in  great  numbers  in  the  early  spring 
in  the  Great  Piece  Meadows.  After  the  first  hatching  trouble 
began  with  this  species  which  continued  throughout  the  season. 
,  Aedes  dupreei  was  found  abundant  in  July  along  the  edge 
of  the  Great  Piece  Meadows  and  was  rather  troublesome  for 
a  period  of  three  weeks,  when  it  disappeared. 

Aedes  subcantans  made  its  appearance  in  the  Millburn-Short 
Hill  section  las  usual.  A  considerable  number  were  taken  by 
the  local  county  inspectors  for  cantator.  The  breeding  places 
for  this  species  are  being  eliminated  and  it  will  soon  become 
rare  in  this  section. 

Aedes  abfitchii  associates  with  subcantans  and  was  found 
plentiful  in  the  Millburn-Short  Hill  section  until  July. 

Aedes  canadensis  occurred  quite  generally  throughout  the 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  245 

wooded  portions  of  the  State,  and  in  some  places  in  excep- 
tionally large  numbers,  especially  so  in  the  western  section  of 
Essex  and  Union  Counties. 

Culex  restuans  was  not  common  and  only  odd  specimens 
were  taken  near  the  sewer  outlets  on  the  Newark  Meadow. 

Cule.r  salinarius  was  very  rare  all  season  with  the  exception 
of  September,  when  a  considerable  number  were  found  on 
one  section  of  the  Newark  Meadow.  This  being  a  more 
northern  species  and  the  breeding  places  in  that  section  rap- 
idly being  eliminated  means  that  this  mosquito  will  soon  be- 
come rare  in  New  Jersey. 

Culex  territans  was  found  quite  abundant  in  the  fresh 
water  pools  and  more  so  in  spring  water.  In  the  northern 
section  of  the  State  this  species  will  soon  disappear,  as  breed- 
ing places  there  are  being  eliminated  very  rapidly  since  the 
County  Mosquito  Extermination  Commission  got  to  work. 

Wyeomyia  smithii  was  not  at  all  rare  wherever  the  "pitcher 
plant"  grows,  in  which  it  breeds,  but  more  so  in  the  vicinity 
of  Tuckerton  along  the  edges  of  the  ponds  where  this  plant 
grows  in  abundance. 


The  Meloidae  (Blister-beetles)  of  North  Carolina  (CoL). 

By   FRANKLIN    SHERMAN,  JR.,   State   Dep't.   of   Agriculture, 

Raleigh,  N.  C. 

For  the  benefit  of  students  of  faunistic  entomology,  and 
to  place  on  record  some  notes  which  seem  worthy  of  publicity, 
the  present  paper  on  the  family  Meloidae  of  North  Carolina 
has  been  prepared.  The  list  shows  a  total  of  21  species  on 
record,  as  compared  with  14  for  New  Jersey  (Smith),  22  for 
Indiana  (Blatchley)  and  18  for  District  of  Columbia  (Ulke). 
The  family  is  well  known  to  be  one  of  western  and  south- 
western distribution  in  the  United  States.  It  is  quite  likely 
that  some  additions  will  be  made  to  this  list  in  future,  but  it 
is  believed  to  be  reasonably  complete. 

The  genera  are  arranged  alphabetically,  and  the  ^pecies 
alphabetically  under  the  genus. 


246  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,  '13 

EPICAUTA. 

E.  batesii  Horn.     Southern  Pines,  A.  H.  Manee. 

E.  cinerea  Forst.  Taken  at  several  points,  Raleigh  and  Southern 
Pines  westward,  June  to  September  inclusive.  Has  damaged 
clematis. 

E.  marginata  Fab.  More  common  and  widespread  than  the  pre- 
ceding, of  which  it  is  often  regarded  as  a  variety.  Taken  at 
many  points  throughout  the  state,  July  to  September  inclu- 
sive. Damages  egg-plant,  potato  and  clematis,  also  feeds  on 
tomato  and  pig-weed  (Amaranthus) . 

E.  pennsylvanica  DeG.  Throughout  the  state,  July  to  October  in- 
clusive, abundant  on  flowers,  especially  composites,  and 
particularly  golden-rod.  Our  commonest  species. 

E.  strigosa  Gyll.  Taken  at  five  scattered  localities  from  Greens- 
boro eastward,  mid-June  to  late  August.  Feeds  on  the 
flowers  of  "wild  sweet  potato"  (Ipomoea  pandurata).  (C.  S. 
Brimley.) 

E.  trichrus  Pall.  Eight  localities,  Raleigh  and  Southern  Pines 
westward,  late  June  to  September  20.  Probably  occurs  in 
east  also.  Same  food  habits  as  preceding. 

E.  vittata  Fab.  With  us  this  seems  to  be  one  of  the  scarcer  spe- 
cies. Three  localities,  all  east  of  mountains,  but  probably 
occurs  in  the  mountains  also.  Raleigh,  July;  Beaufort  (on 
coast),  August;  Newton,  August  and  September. 

MACROBASIS. 

M.  unicolor  Kirby.  Southern  Pines,  August,  September;  not  un- 
common under  lupine  (A.  H.  Manee).  Also  taken  at  three 
mountain  localities  in  June  and  July. 

MELOE. 

M.  americanus  Leach.  Blantyre  (in  mountains),  early  May.  The 
species  presumably  occurs  throughout  the  mountains  at  least. 

M.  angusticollis  Say.  Mount  Mitchell  (above  3000  ft.),  early  Oc- 
tober. Presumably  occurs  throughout  the  mountains. 

M.  impressus  Kirby.  From  three  widely-separated  localities  in  the 
middle  part  of  state.  January  and  February.  Twice  com- 
plained of  (in  February)  as  a  pest  on  turnips.  Specimens 
of  the  genus  Meloe  (species  undetermined)  have  been  sent 
to  us  as  feeding  on  cotton  and  clover. 

NEMOGNATHA. 

N.  bicolor  Lee.     Southern  Pines   (A.  H.  Manee). 
N.  cribraria  Lee.     Raleigh    (C.  S.  Brimley). 

N.  nemorensis  Hentz.  Greensboro,  early  September  (S.  W.  Fos- 
ter). 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  247 

N.  piezata  Fabr.  Southern  Pines,  common  (A.  H.  Manee),  South- 
ern Wake  County,  early  July.  This  is  the  only  species  of 
the  genus  that  we  have  ever  considered  common.  Found  on 
flowers  and  believed  to  feed  on  pollen  and  nectar  which  the 
prolonged  maxillae  enable  it  to  reach. 
POMPHOPOEA. 

P.  aenea  Say.  Raleigh,  April,  one  under  maple  tree.  Ellenboro, 
late  March,  1903,  exceedingly  abundant  on  blossoms  of 
peach  and  plum — later  reports  stated  that  when  oaks  bloom- 
ed they  left  the  fruit  trees  for  the  oak  catkins. 

P.  polita  Say.     Southern  Pines  (A.  H.  Manee). 

P.  unguicularis  Lee.  Blowing  Rock  (about  4000  ft.).  June  8th 
to  25,  1901 — at  this  place  and  date  this  handsome  species 
swarmed  in  untold  thousands  on  peach,  rose  and  mountain 
laurel  (Kalmia).  On  laurel  they  ate  the  blossoms,  on  peach 
they  ate  the  leaves,  apparently  preferring  those  that  were 
affected  with  leaf  curl  disease. 

PYROTA. 

P.  germari  Hald.     Raleigh   (C.  S.  Brimley). 

TETRAONYX. 

T.  4-maculatus  Fab.  Taken  at  three  localities  in  the  east-central 
part  of  state.  At  times  common  on  the  butterfly  pea  and 
"wild  sweet  potato." 

ZONITIS. 
Z.  bilineata  Say.     Newton,  a  number  taken  in  August,  1906. 


Additions   to   the    New  Jersey    Tipulidae    (Diptera), 
with  the  Description  of  a  new  Species.'" 

By  M.  D.  LEONARD,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

The  following  species  of  craneflies  have  not,  as  far  as  I 
have  knowledge,  been  heretofore  recorded  from  the  State.  In 
those  cases  where  no  name  is  mentioned  the  specimens  were 
taken  by  the  author.  My  thanks  are  due  to  Mr.  C.  P.  Alex- 
ander, of  Cornell  University,  and  Dr.  Frank  E.  Lutz,  of  the 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  the  former  for  look- 
ing over  this  paper  and  supplying  a  record,  the  latter  for 
supplying  two  records.  The  text  figure  was  drawn  by  means 
of  the  projection  microscope  in  the  Entomological  Laboratory 
of  Cornell  University. 

*Contribution  from  the  Entomological  Laboratory  of  Cornell  Uni- 
versity. 


248 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[June,  '13 


Gonomyia  subcinerea  O.  S.,  1  male,  Ridgewood,  July,  1911. 
Rhypholophus    apicalis    Alex.,    male    and    2    females,    Ridgewood, 

July,    1909. 
Adelphomyia  americana  Alex.,  2  specimens,  Ridgewood,  Sept.   16, 

1910. 

Dicranomyia  monticola  Alex.,  1  specimen,   Ridgewood,  July^lQll. 
Amalopis  calcar  O.  S.,  1  male,  Hackettstown,  May  21,  1910;  1  fe- 
male,  Newfoundland,  May  29,   1910.      (Dr.  F.   E.   Lutz.) . 
Limnophila  areolata  O.  S.,  1  male,  Hackettstown,  May  22,  1910. 
Limnophila  aprilina  O.  S.,  very  common  at  Ridgewood  resting  on 

shelving  rocks  near  water  during  July.   1911. 
Limnophila  noveboracensis  Alex.,   Grove   St.    Woods,    Ridgewood, 

N.  J.,  June  21,  1911. 
Eriocera  fultonensis  Alex.,  Singac,  Passaic  Co.,  July.     (Mr.  C.  P. 

Alexander  from  specimens  sent  by  Dr.  W.  G.  Dietz.) 
Limnophila  albipes  n.  sp. 

Holotypc.  Head. — Front  gray,  with  dense  silvery  pubescence  except 
around  the  upper  border  of  the  eyes ;  antennae  nearly  twice  the  length 
of  the  head  and  thorax  together ;  basal  segment  cylindrical,  pale  yel- 
low, and  twice  as  long  as  the  second,  which  is  subglobose  and  yellow; 
first  segment  of  the  flagellum  considerably  longer  than  the  two  seg- 
ments of  the  scape  combined,  cylindrical  and  dark  brown,  except  for 
the  base,  which  is  yellow ;  remaining  segments  dark  brown,  fusiform, 
becoming  more  slender  near  the  tip  of  the  flagellum,  clothed  with  dense 
whitish  pubescence,  hairs  not  verticillate;  palpi  yellowish  gray. 

Thorax. — Mesothoracic  praescutum  brownish  yellow,  somewhat  shin- 
ing but  still  covered  with  a  very  fine  whitish  pubescence ;  median  brown 
line  almost  obsolete;  pleurae  yellow;  halteres  yellowish,  knob  some- 
what infuscated. 

Wings. — Hyaline,  veins  brownish ;  subcosta  ends  about  the  middle  of 
the  sector;  the  radial  cross-vein  is  nearly  obsolete  but  is  situated  near 


the  end  of  Ri,  which  is  curved  up  beyond  it  to  the  costa;  stigma  present 
just  behind  it  but  not  very  distinct;  petiole  of  cell  R2  (first  submar- 
ginal  cell  of  authors)  distinctly  longer  than  the  basal  deflection  of  Cu 
I  which  meets  cell  ist  M2  (discal  cell  of  authors)  at  about  the  middle. 
Abdomen. — Dark  brown  above,  paler  beneath,  pubescent;  hypopygium 
yellow. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  249 

Legs. — Coxae  yellow ;  rest  of  legs  brownish  yellow  except  the  femur, 
which  is  somewhat  infuscated  at  the  tip;  also  the  3rd  and  4th  segments 
of  the  fore  and  middle  tarsi  infuscated;  segments  of  the  hind  tarsi 
white  except  the  tip  of  the  5th  segment  and  the  claws,  which  are  brown- 
ish. 

Length  of  body. — 4  mm. ;  of  wing — 5.5  mm. 

Allotype. — i  female.  Same  as  the  male  with  the  following  exceptions  : 
Ovipositor  yellow ;  antennae  only  about  as  long  as  head  and  thorax 
together. 

Paratype. — i  $  in  which  the  venter  of  the  abdomen  is  nearly  as  dark 
as  the  dorsum. 

The  holotype  is  C.  U.  Coll.,  Lot  392.  The  allotype  and  para- 
type  are  in  the  author's  collection. 

The  specimens  were  collected  by  the  author  at  Ridgewood, 
July,  1911. 

The  antennae  of  this  species  have  a  peculiar  twisted  appear- 
ance similar  to  those  of  L.  laricola  Alex.,  which,  however,  has 
no  white  on  the  feet.  It  belongs  to  the  poetica,  niveitarsus 
group. 

Dolichopeza  americana  Ndhm.,  Ridgewood,  July  15,  1911. 

Besides  the  above  species  should  be  mentioned  the  capture 
of  a  specimen  of  Aeshnosoma  river tonensis  Johnson,  which  is, 
I  believe,  the  second  male  ever  taken. 


Notes  on  Some  North  American  Noctuidae  (Lepid.). 
By  F.  H.  WOLLEY  DOD,  Midnapore,  Alta,  Canada. 

Pseudanarta   dupla   Smith    (Journ.    N.   Y.    Enc.   Soc.   xvi.   89,  June, 

1908.) 
—Hava  Grt. 

This  synonym  is  really  Sir  George  Hampson's,  but  though 
he  called  my  attention  to  it  four  years  ago,  he  has  never  pub- 
lished it.  Smith  made  his  description  from  two  males,  one 
from  Stockton,  Utah  (Spalding),  and  the  other  from  South 
Park,  Colo.  (Bruce).  The  type  at  Rutgers  College  is  from 
the  latter  locality,  and  I  have  a  Stockton  male  compared  with 
it.  The  Stockton  co-type  was  sent  to  the  British  Museum,  and 
found  to  agree  with  Grote's  type  of  flava,  a  male  from  British 
Columbia,  collected  by  J.  R.  Crotch,  according  to  the  descrip- 
tion. Grote  also  mentions  a  specimen  from  Colorado,  from  T. 


250  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Junej  ':3 

L.  Mead.  I  have  numbers  from  Stockton  but  never  saw  a 
British  Columbia  specimen  other  than  the  type.  Smith  com- 
mitted the  error  of  doing  what  he  had  done  in  many  cases  be- 
fore. He  recognized  that  he  had  two  species  before  him  that 
had  been  passing  as  jlava\,  and  was  over-hasty  in  deciding 
which  of  these  was  really  Grote's  species,  and  described  the 
other  as  dupla.  The  result  was  that  he  redescribed  Grote's 
species,  leaving  the  other  (Crocea,  Hamps.,  nee  Hy.  Edw.)  un- 
named. 

P.  crocea  Hy.  Edw. 

There  are  two  female  types  from  Dallas,  Oregon,  in  the 
Henry  Edwards'  collection  in  the  New  York  Museum.  I  have 
a  number  from  Stockton,  and  have  compared  one  of  my  fe- 
males with  these  types,  finding  it  slightly  larger  and  darker 
only.  Grote  referred  crocea  as  a  pale  variety  of  his  flava,  and 
Smith  went  even  further  and  made  it  a  synonym  until  1908, 
when  he  characterized  it  as  distinct  after  comparison  with  the 
type,  though  entirely  omitting  Oregon  from  the  habitat.  I  did 
not  find  the  species  in  the  British  Museum  when  I  visited  it  in 
March,  1909,  but  another  species  stood  under  the  name,  and  is 
described  and  figured  as  crocea  in  the  catalogue. 

I  did  not  then  know  that  the  species  was  not  crocea,  and  left 
a  few  specimens  of  an  unknown  species  with  Hampson.  This 
I  discovered  a  year  later  was  the  crocea  of  Smith's  collection, 
which  I  found  to  be  correct  by  Henry  Edwards'  types.  The 
specimen  figured  in  Holland's  Moth  Book,  pi.  xx.  f.  40,  as 
singula,  is  this  species.  The  flava  of  Smith's  collection  was 
the  crocea  of  Hampson,  and  of  course  the  one  which  Smith 
ought  to  have  described  as  dupla  but  didn't.  I  now  name  this 
species  on  the  basis  of  Hampson's  description  and  figure. 

P.  caeca  nom.  nov. 

=  crocca    Hamps.   Cat.   vi.   p.    194.    pi.   ci.    f.   9,    1906,   nee   Hy.    Edw. 
—flava  Smith,  Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  xvi,  88,  1908,  nee  Grt. 

I  leave  Sir  George  Hampson  to  choose  the  type.  He  figures 
a  Colorado  specimen,  and  others  from  there  and  one  from 
Oregon  are  in  the  collection.  I  saw  a  Nevada  male  and  a 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  25! 

Colorado  female  in  the  Henry  Edwards'  collection,  and  have 
a  series  in  my  own  from  Stockton,  Provo  and  Eureka,  Utah, 
from  which  latter  locality  I  have  flora,  crocca  and  singula  also. 

Flava  has  a  short  black  basal  streak  which  caeca  lacks.  In 
flava  the  t.  p.  line  is  not  always  angulated  in  submedian  fold 
as  stated  in  Hampson's  tables,  but  is  often  curved  merely.  The 
line  in  caeca,  however,  is  much  more  even,  as  is  also  the  ter- 
minal line,  and  the  s.  t.  space  is  wider.  Both  have  a  fine  black 
streak  in  s.  m.  fold,  joining  the  t.  a.  and  t.  p.  lines,  and  caeca 
is  best  characterized  by  having  a  pale  ochreous  streak  imme- 
diately above  this,  which  is  the  palest  mark  on  the  fore  wing. 
The  whole  of  the  upper  portion  of  the  median  space  in  caeca 
is  tinged  with  ochreous.  In  flora  it  is  reddish  brown.  In  flava 
the  geminate  t.  p.  line  is  whitish  filled,  the  white  broadening 
out  into  a  patch  at  the  angle  or  bend  in  the  s.  m.  fold.  In 
caeca  the  filling  is  concolorous  with  the  rest  of  the  s.  m.  space, 
though  there  is  a  creamy  white  patch  in  the  s.  m.  fold.  The 
black  band  on  secondaries  of  caeca  is  more  even  on  its  inner 
edge.  Both  wings  beneath  are  much  paler  in  caeca  than  in 
flai'a;  in  fact  my  Utah  caeca  have  no  yellow  tinge  beneath  the 
primaries  at  all.  Both  have  a  conspicuous  black  discal  spot  be- 
neath secondaries,  and  the  discal  spot  beneath  primaries  re- 
ferred to  by  Smith  as  present  in  dupla  but  absent  from 
"flora"  (caeca  meant),  is  sometimes  present  in  both.  Caeca 
has  shorter  wings  and  blunter  apices. 

Crocea  has  proportionately  broader  wings  than  either,  and 
is  a  much  grayer  species,  without  any  distinct  reddish  or  ochre- 
ous shades.  A  short  discal  streak  seems  variably  present  or 
absent.  The  t.  p.  and  s.  t.  lines  are  more  as  in  flora  than 
caeca.  The  discoidal  spots  are  distinctly  outlined  in  grey, 
which  is  not  the  case  with  the  other  two  species,  at  least  in  my 
series.  Hampson  says  of  caeca  (under  crocea},  "orbicular 
and  reniform  ....  with  whitish  annuli,"  but  this  is  not  shown 
in  the  figure.  There  is  no  blackish  streak  in  submedian  fold 
centrally  in  crocca,  but  there  is  a  pale  grey  or  creamy  white 
patch  across  the  median  space  just  below  the  discoidals,  and 
this  sometimes  extends  upwards  to  obliterate  the  lower  edges 


252  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,  '13 

of  the  spots,  and  even  sometimes  fills  the  reniform.  This  is  per- 
haps the  most  obvious  characteristic  of  the  species,  and  is 
clearly  shown  in  Holland's  figure  under  the  name  of  siugnla. 
That  specimen,  however,  is  much  darker  than  any  crocea  in 
my  series.  Both  crocea  and  flava  have  a  few  black  dentate 
marks  in  the  termen  near  the  apex,  which  my  caeca  lack.  The 
black  border  to  secondaries  in  crocea  is  broader  than  in  either 
of  the  others,  and  has  the  even  inner  edge  of  caeca.  Beneath 
there  is  no  sign  of  a  discal  spot  on  any  of  the  wings  of  any  of 
my  specimens,  and  it  differs  also  from  both  the  others  in  hav- 
ing a  broad  and  well  defined  blackish  border  to  primaries  as 
well  as  to  secondaries. 

The  above  comparisons  are  made  from  Utah  specimens  only, 
with  the  addition  of  a  single  crocea  from  New  Mexico.  The 
three  are  easily  distinct,  though  some  of  the  characters  re- 
ferred to  of  course  might  not  hold  good  in  other  localities. 

Acronycta  laetifica  Smith. 

This  was  described  from  a  number  of  specimens  from  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  and  Florida.  Types  were  stated  to  be  in 
the  collections  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Rutger's  College, 
Cornell  University,  and  Messrs.  Graef  and  Doll.  Those  in  the 
two  former  collections  I  have  examined.  At  Rutger's  College 
was  a  male  co-type  from  New  York,  and  a  female  from 
Florida.  At  Washington  I  found  the  male  type  from  Florida, 
a  female  and  male  co-type  without  locality  label,  and  another 
female  which  my  notes  say  was  also  marked  "type,"  though 
possibly  really  only  a  co-type,  from  New  York.  Smith  states 
after  the  description  that  the  species  with  which  it  is  most 
likely  to  be  confused  is  occidentalis.  That  is,  or  was,  so  far 
true  that  I  venture  to  state  that  the  male  type  in  the  Washing- 
ton Museum  actually  is  occidentalis,  or  perhaps  I  should  say, 
using  the  prior  name,  interrupta.  My  notes  say :  "The  male 
type  from  Florida  is  a  well  marked  interrupta,  creamier  than 
usual,  and  has  the  slightly  ochreous-tinted  reniform  of  that 
species.  Specimens  standing  apparently  correctly  in  the  in- 
terrupta series  are  just  like  it."  All  the  rest  I  saw  marked 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  253 

type  or  co-type  appeared  to  be  distinct  from  any  other  de- 
scribed species  that  I  know,  so  that  the  name  will  hold  after 
all.  Smith  wrote  furthermore:  "The  species  has  been  con- 
fused with  furcifcra,  with  which  it  really  has  very  little  in  com- 
mon." To  the  latter  part  of  this  statement  I  cannot  agree,  as 
I  think  it  could  easily  be  mistaken  for  a  pale  creamy  fur  elf  era. 
Hampson's  figure  gives  a  good  idea  of  it,  but  is  really  too 
brown  and  highly  colored.  I  have  a  female  from  Milwaukee 
Co.,  Wisconsin,  collected  by  Val.  Fernekes,  and  a  male  bear- 
ing the  name  of  the  same  collector  stood  with  the  series  at 
Washington. 

Arsilonche  colorada  Smith. 

This  was  described  in  1900  from  two  females  from  Glen- 
wood  Springs,  Colorado.  One  of  these  is  in  the  Washington 
Museum  and  has  been  labeled  "type"  in  Smith's  own  hand- 
writing. It  is  not  an  Arsilonche  at  all,  but  is  identical  with  Sir 
George  Hampson's  type  of  Cca  cirphidia,  described  from  two 
females  taken  by  D'Urban  at  Santa  Barbara,  California  (Cat. 
ix.  280,  1910).  I  have  a  female  specimen  taken  by  Mr.  T. 
Spalding,  at  Vineyard,  Utah,  on  Sept.  I4th,  1909,  which  I  have 
compared  with  both  types.  The  species  has  a  rounded  frontal 
prominence,  bare  of  scales,  and  a  divided  anterior  thoracic 
crest.  Hampson  mentions  a  spreading  metathoracic  crest  also. 
It  certainly  exists  in  my  specimen,  but  is  not  nearly  as  promi- 
nent as  that  shown  in  his  woodcut.  In  the  Washington  collec- 
tion I  came  across  three  greasy  specimens,  at  least  two  of 
them  males,  labeled  Pullman,  Washington,  Aug.  3Oth-Sept.  gth, 
1898,  standing  mixed  with  Leucania  heterodoxa,  to  the  pale 
forms  of  which  the  species  certainly  bears  some  superficial  re- 
semblance. That  was  in  February,  1910.  My  specimen  has  a 
small  blackish  spot  at  the  lower  angle  of  cell.  Hampson's 
specimens  also  have  two  similar  spots  just  beyond  the  angle, 
and  one  beyond  upper  angle.  These  are  not  shown  in  the 
figure.  Smith  does  not  mention  them  in  his  description,  nor 
do  my  notes  say  that  I  noticed  any  in  his  type.  It  is  to  be  as- 
sumed that  the  other  specimen  referred  to  in  his  description 


254  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June>  'J3 

is  either  a  type  or  co-type,  and  probably  in  the  Rutger's  Col- 
lege collection.  If  it  is  there  I  overlooked  it.*  There  is  a  possi- 
bility that  it  is  not  the  same  species  as  the  type  at  Washington, 
though  there  is  nothing  in  the  description  to  suggest  that  the 
two  specimens  were  not  exactly  alike.  Hampson  replaces  Ar- 
silonche  Led.  by  Simyra  Ochs.,  and  under  colorada  Smith,  de- 
scribes and  figures  a  Denver  male  which  seems  an  Arsilonche 
all  right,  very  near,  or  identical  with  henrici,  and  which  is  at 
any  rate  not  a  bit  like  cirphidia.  The  specimen  happens  to  be 
greasy. 

Before  referring  cirphidia  to  colorada,  it  will  perhaps  only 
be  fair  to  wait  and  see  what  Smith's  other  type  or  co-type 
turns  out  to  be. 

Platisenta  albipuncta  Smith. 

This  was  described  from  nine  males,  eight  of  them  from 
Harris  Co.,  Texas,  and  the  other  from  Colorado  Springs. 
Smith  sent  me  Shovel  Mt.,  Tex.,  specimens  nearly  ten  years 
ago,  and  I  have  a  Harris  Co.  series  from  Mr.  George  Frank, 
who  supplied  the  types.  I  have  no  note  of  the  actual  type, 
but  have  seen  a  co-type  in  the  British  Museum.  I  have  videns 
from  Pittsburgh,  Pa. ;  Shelby,  Ohio ;  and  Chicago,  and  have 
compared  a  great  many  more  with  Texas  specimens,  and  see 
no  reason  whatever  for  keeping  them  distinct. 

Smith  says  under  the  description  of  albipuncta:  "Like 
videns  in  appearance,  but  paler,  not  so  reddish,  not  so  glossy 
in  appearance,  and  more  contrastingly  marked."  Hampson  thus 
separates  them  in  his  tables : 

"Videns.  Fore  wing  rufous"  and  "albipuncta.  Fore  wing  ochreous, 
slightly  tinged  with  reddish  brown." 

The  types  of  videns  Guen.,  and  indigens  Walk.,  are  from 
Florida,  and  that  of  atriciliata  is  labeled  "U.  S.  A."  These  are 
one  species,  as  treated  by  Hampson  and  Smith.  Why  albi- 
puncta should  ever  have  been  considered  distinct  I  cannot  dis- 
cover. The  differences  between  a  series  of  each  are.  at  best, 
hard  to  find,  and  I  have  Shovel  Mountain  and  Pennsylvania 
specimens  absolutely  identical. 

*I  find  that  Smith  wrote  me  later  that  the  species  was  not  in  his 
collection.  (F.  H.  W.  D.) 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  255 

Caradrina  mantalini  Smith. 

—Agrotis  nanalis  Grote.  (Barnes  and  McDunnough,  Contr.  Nat. 
Hist.  Lep.  N.  Am.,  Vol.  I,  No.  4,  p.  5,  pi.  I.  f.  12.) 

Mantalini  was  described  from  "two  females,"  from  Colo. 
(Bruce),  and  Glenwood  Springs,  Colo.  (Barnes).  My  notes 
say  that  both  types  are  males.  Dr.  Barnes  has  the  Glenwood 
Springs  type,  and  the  other  is  in  the  Washington  collection, 
where  are  also  two  females  from  Nevada  Co.,  Calif.,  each  bear- 
ing the  museum  red  "type"  label,  though  they  can't  be  types  on 
the  strength  of  it.  Grote's  type  of  nanalis  is  a  male  from  Ne- 
vada, though  Smith's  copy  in  the  Agrotid  Bulletin  of  Grote's 
description  reads  female.  Messrs.  Barnes  and  McDunnough's 
reference  is  perfectly  correct,  and  the  synonymy  has  been 
known  to  Sir  George  Hampson  for  some  time.  The  species 
has  strongly  spined  tibiae,  and  is  not  a  near  relation  to 
Caradrina  miramda  with  which  Smith  associated  it.  Hampson 
places  nanalis  in  L\cophotia  Hbn.,  of  which  he  makes  Pcri- 
droma  Hbn.,  and  Setagrotis  Smith,  synonyms. 

Caradrina  spilomela  Walk. 

This  is  not  in  Smith's  list,  but  stands  in  Dyar's  catalogue  as 
prior  to  conviva  Harv.,  and  is  figured  by  Holland.  Hampson 
makes  triplex  Walk.,  a  still  prior  name,  and  adds  contrana 
H.-S.,  and  subaquila  Harv.  to  the  synonymy.  The  types  of  all 
except  contraria  are  in  the  British  Museum.  Triplex  is  a  badly 
worn  female  from  Honduras.  I  have  no  note  of  its  color. 
Spilomela  is  an  Ai  specimen,  a  yellowish  female  from  Haiti. 
Conviva  is  a  Texas  male,  about  the  color  of  extlma,  and  sub- 
aquila, also  a  Texas  male,  is  very  dark  reddish,  and  is  the  "ab 
2"  of  Hampson.  It  appears  to  be  a  very  variable  species  in- 
habiting the  Southern  States,  Central  America,  and  the  West 
Indies.  The  synonymy  may  as  well  be  accepted.  Hampson 
makes  it  the  type  of  his  new  genus  Micrathctis,  in  which  he 
places  only  two  other  species,  dasarada  Druce,  from  the  same 
general  region,  though  not  yet  recorded  from  north  of  Mexico, 
and  camfimbria  Walk.,  from  Brazil. 


256  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  FJune>  ':3 

Caradrina  insipida  Strecker. 

This  was  described  from  two  Wisconsin  specimens.  One  of 
them  was  said  to  be  about  the  color  of  meralis,  and  the  other 
more  reddish  brown.  It  was  stated  to  be  nearest  fragosa 
Grote.  E  saw  the  types  in  March,  1910.  One  is  a  rubbed  male, 
the  other,  a  merely  fair  specimen,  a  female.  The  species  is 
very  doubtfully  distinct  from  Orthosia  inops  Grote,  of  which 
Hampson  figures  the  type,  also  a  bit  worn,  under  the  genus 
Amathes.  I  have  had  a  badly  worn  Calgary  male  in  my  col- 
lection since  1893,  which  I  identified  as  perhaps  this  only  after 
seeing  Grote's  type.  I  have  also  compared  with  mine,  and  taken 
notes  on,  a  male  taken  at  High  River,  Alta.,  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Baird,  which  I  subsequently  saw  in  Prof.  Smith's  collection 
standing  under  inops,  with  a  few  from  Kittery  Point,  Maine, 
the  type  locality.  Smith  mentions  in  his  notes  in  Trans.  Am. 
Ent.  Soc.  xxxiii,  351,  1907,  that  there  are  probably  two  species 
confused  under  inops,  but  that  the  forms  are  too  rare,  and 
available  specimens  too  poor  to  make  sure  of.  Closely  associat- 
ed with  the  mops  series  in  his  collection,  I  saw  a  few  specimens 
from  Cohasset,  Mass. ;  East  River,  Conn. ;  Winnipeg ;  and  Sa- 
ble Island.  It  certainly  looked  as  if  there  might  be  two  spe- 
cies, so  I  refrain  from  referring  insipida  definitely  to  inops  at 
present. 

Hadena  finitima  Guen. 

Dyar  omits  this  name  from  his  catalogue,  substituting 
basilinea  Schiff.  Smith  takes  exception  to  this  in  Can.  Ent. 
xxxv.  134,  1903,  and  claims  that  they  are  distinct  species,  figur- 
ing the  genitalia  of  each,  and  of  cerivana.  He  appeared  to 
admit  that  the  latter  was  a  mere  variety  of  finitima,  and  Dr. 
Dyar  follows  him  in  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  xxvii,  812,  1904.  Smith 
in  his  1903  Check  List,  however,  places  all  three  names  as  dis- 
tinct North  American  species.  There  can  be  no  justification 
for  this,  as  it  has  not  yet  been  satisfactorily  shown  that  basi- 
linea and  finitima  are  really  distinct  at  all.  Hampson,  in 
Trachea,  keeps  them  separate,  differentiating  them  in  his  tables 
by  color. 

"Fore  wing  grey,  the  medial  area  tinged  with  rufous;  finitima. 
Fore  wing  wholly  tinged  with  rufous  or  red-brown ;  basilinea?' 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  257 

These  color  differences  are  as  a  rule  rather  strongly  marked, 
but  they  sometimes  scarcely  hold,  and  I  possess  North  Ameri- 
can specimens  marked  Stonington,  Conn.,  which  differ  but  very 
slightly  from  some  British  specimens  in  my  collection,  includ- 
ing some  collected  by  myself  in  the  midlands. 

Staudinger  places  fi-mtima  (through  a  misprint  spelled  fic- 
tirna)  as  a  variety  of  basilinea,  and  refers  basistriga  Staud.  and 
cinefacta  Graes.  as  synonyms  of  the  variety,  of  which  he  gives 
the  distribution  as  North  America,  Siberia,  Japan  and  Nor- 
way. 

Ccrivana  Smith,  from  Calgary,  is  a  form  in  which  the  ground 
color  is  paler  still,  the  median  space  about  concolorous  in  the 
type  specimens,  but  with  a  diffused  reddish  median  line.  Some 
have  the  entire  central  area  more  or  less  reddish,  except  the 
spots,  as  is  usual  in  finitima,  but  the  most  obvious  character  is 
the  pale  ground.  The  form  occurs  in  Manitoba  and  at  Kaslo, 
British  Columbia,  and  from  Vancouver  Island  I  have  speci- 
mens very  much  like  it,  as  well  as  others  nearer  eastern  fini- 
tima. It  seems  best  to  list  the  forms  as  follows : 

Hadena  basilinea  Schiff.    Ground  color  ochreous,   or  slightly  reddish, 
var.  finitima  Guen.     Ground  color  grey,  usually  with  central  area 

red-brown. 

var.  cerlvana  Smith.  Ground  color  paler  grey,  typically  without 
central  area  reddish.  [The  British  variety  cinerasccns  Tutt 
must  be  something  near  this.] 

I  have  studied  more  material  since  my  notes  on  these  forms 
in  Can.  Ent.  xliii.  230,  1911.  Hence  the  foregoing. 


The  New  President  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London. 

Mr.  G.  T.  Bethune-Baker,  whose  article  on  Evcres  coinyntas  and 
amyntula  appeared  in  the  NEWS  for  March  and  April  last,  was  elected 
President  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London,  at  its  meeting  of 
January  15,  1913.  He  has  been  an  extensive  writer  on  the  Lepidoptera, 
two  of  his  larger  papers  being  those  on  "New  Noctuidae  from  British 
New  Guinea"  (Novit.  Zool.  XIII,  July,  1906)  and  "A  Revision  of  the 
African  Species  of  the  Lycaenesthes  group  of  the  Lycacnidae." 
(Trans.  Ent.  Soc.,  Lond.,  July  19,  1910). 


258  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  fJune>  ?I3 

The  Medio-anal  Link  in  Agrioninae  (Odonata). 

By  E.  B.  WILLIAMSON,  Bluffton,   Indiana. 

Venational  characters  may  generally  be  described  in  a  vari- 
ety of  ways ;  and  the  number  of  ways  depends  largely  on  the 
complexity  of  relationships  of  the  part  or  character  defined 
or  described.  I  do  not  refer  to  the  use  of  synonyms  (as  tri- 
angle free,  triangle  uncrossed),  but  to  those  characters  which 
for  their  definition  depend  on  some  expressed  or  implied  rela- 
tionships with  other  characters  or  parts.  It  may  be  taken  for 
granted  that,  in  describing  any  part  of  the  wing,  that  descrip- 
tion is  best  which  is  clearest,  and  which  places  most  import- 
ance on  evolutionary  changes  of  that  or  related  parts.  More- 
over, it  is  desirable  that  all  workers  should  be  in  harmony  in 
their  use  of  terms  and  their  conception  of  evolutionary 
changes.  When  such  harmony  exists,  uniformity  of  descrip- 
tions will  inevitably  follow. 

The  Agrioninae  alone  remain  about  as  the  genius  of  de 
Selys,  expressed  in  his  classification,  left  them.  His  Legion 
Lestes  has  properly  been  given  subfamily  rank,  but  on  no 
characters  not  recognized  by  him.  It  is  certain  that  the  con- 
tents of  others  of  his  legions  and  "grandes  genres"  will  be 
altered  more  or  less,  and  also  that  many  of  his  groupings  or 
divisions  under  his  subgenera  will  be  described  as  genera. 
Probably  thus  more  Agrionine  genera  will  be  described  in  the 
future  than  all  other  Odonate  genera  yet  uncharacterized. 
Moreover,  the  literature  may  be  expected  to  be  voluminous, 
and  for  this  reason  uniformity  in  descriptions  is  desirable  and 
possible. 

For  venational  descriptions  the  Comstock-Needham  system 
seems  most  desirable ;  and  Needham  in  his  Genealogic  Study 
called  attention  to  the  evolutionary  changes  which  have  taken 
place  in  the  veins  forming  the  distal  (apical)  ends  of  the 
quadrangle  and  subquadrangle.  Later  I  named  these  two 
parts  in  the  Calopterygidae  the  medio-anal  link.  The  medio- 
anal  link  may  now  be  defined  as  the  cross  vein  forming  the 
distal  end  of  the  quadrangle  and  that  part  of  Cu2  opposed 
to  Cui  and  placed  transversely  to  the  long  axis  of  the  wing. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  259 

In  the  figures  accompanying  this  paper,  the  medio-anal  link 
is  labeled  MA  at  either  extremity.     Thus  in  Figs.   5  and  6 
MA  alone  does  not  form  the  distal  end  of  the  subquadrangle ; 
and  in  Figs.  8,  9  and  10  MA  really  does  not  link  M  with  A, 
though  I  believe  the  use  of  the  term  in  these  three  cases  will 
be  found  desirable.     However,  this  is  one  of  the  purposes  of 
this  paper,  to  bring  out  the  opinions  of  others  on  what  terms 
and  expressions  are  most  desirable  in  these  parts  in  Agrionine 
wings.     In  the  ten  figures,  the  first  two  show  Calopterygine 
wings  which,  in  the  relations  of  MA,  show  a  generalized  struc- 
ture.    From  this  condition  two  distinct  evolutionary  lines  ex- 
ist, I  believe,  in  Agrioninae  (sens  lat).     In  one  case  MA  is 
the  center  of  evolutionary  activity,  at  first  little  differentiated 
from  the  cross-veins  which  follow  it,  set  at  nearly  right  angles 
against    M/j.,    with    Cu2    appearing   as    a    continuation    of    A. 
Figures  4,  5  and  6  show  a  rapid  change  in  these  characters, 
MA  and   M4  forming  first  a  symmetrical   fork  and  then   in 
Fig.  6  MA  appears  as  a  continuation  of  the  basal  part  of  M4, 
while  bracing  takes  place  posterior  to  MA,  and  A  and  Cu2 
are  no  longer  in  the  same  line.     The  other  line  of  evolution 
is  shown  in  Figs.  7,  8,  9  and   10.     Here  MA  undergoes  no 
changes  except  those  involved  in  the  reduction  of  the  posterior 
wing  area.     In  Fig.  7,  A  is  continued  to  MA,  and  Cu2  beyond 
MA  is  present  as  a  short  spur.     When,  as  in  Figs.  8,  9  and 
10,  Cu2  is  confined  to  MA,  A  passes  CA  (cubital-anal  cross- 
vein)  to  return  to  the  wing  margin  (Fig.  8),  to  switch  against 
the  quadrangle   (Fig.  9),  or  terminates  at  CA   (Fig.    10),  in 
which  last  case  wing  reduction  reaches  its  maximum. 

EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES. 

Figure    i.     Typical   Calopterygine   wing-e.g.    Caloptcry.v. 

Figure  2.  A  Calopterygine  wing-e.g. — Diphlebia.  which  shows  Ag- 
rionine affinities  in  MA  as  well  as  in  its  antenodal  characters. 

Figure  3.  Representatives  of  such  genera  of  de  Selys'  legion  Platyc- 
nemis  as  Platyscelus  (P/atycnanis),  Idiocucinis,  Tatocnemis.  Cocliccia 
(Trichocncinis),  Copera  (Psilocnemis') ,  Allocnemls.  and  Chlorocucmis, 
(but  not  Calicnemis  or  I.eptocncinis  [Hemicnemis]  in  the  former  of 
which  A  and  Cu2  are  not  in  the  same  line  but  are  as  in  Figure  5.  and 
in  the  latter  of  which  MA  and  its  parts  are  as  in  Figure  5);  and  in  the 


260 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |"June>  'T3 


8 


9 


/O 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  261 

following  genera  of  the  legion  Podagrion :  Heteragrion,  Podopteryx, 
Argiolestes,  Rhipidolestes,  Wahnesia  (but  not  Synlestes). 

Figure  4.  Representative  of  Tcinobasis  of  the  legion  Agrion,  and 
Paraphlcbia  of  the  legion  Podagrion,  and  generally  in  the  legion 
Pseudostigma. 

Figure  5.  Representative  of  the  legion  Agrion.  with  the  omission 
of  Tcinobasis  (and  possibly  other  genera  not  known  to  me). 

Figure  6.  Representative  of  the  legion  Lestes.  (Ortholcstes  has 
the  proximal  angle  of  MA  with  M-4  much  less  obtuse). 

Figure  7.  Representative  of  the  following  genera  of  the  legion 
Protoneura :  Coenoneura  (Nconeiira),  Idionciira  and  Disparoncura 
(excepting  de  Selys'  Group  3  of  the  last). 

Figure  8.  Representative  of  de  Selys'  Group  3  of  Disparoneura  of 
the  legion  Protoneura. 

Figure  9.  Representative  of  Palacmnema  and  Platysticta  of  the 
legion  Protoneura. 

Figure  10.  Representative  of  Protoneura,  Nososticta,  Caconeura 
(Alloneura},  Microncitra.  hosticta,  and  Protosticta  (the  last  three 
genera  not  known  to  me)  of  the  legion  Protoneura.  In  Selysioneura 
Cui  is  not  produced  beyond  MA. 


On  the  Recurrence  of  Thecla  wittfeldii  Edw.  (Lep.)* 

By  WILLIAM  PHILLIPS  COMSTOCK,  Newark,  New  Jersey. 

Doctor  Skinner  tells  us  in  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  Vol. 
xviii,  page  23,  "Thecla  u'ittfeldi  has  not  been  found  since  the 
original  catch  in  1883.  The  vegetation  on  the  spot  where 
Dr.  Wittfeld  took  it,  on  the  Indian  River,  Florida,  has  been 
destroyed  by  cultivation." 

However,  in  looking  over  some  material  recently  with  Doc- 
tor Skinner,  we  found  a  male  specimen  of  T.  wittfeldii  bear- 
ing the  label  "Jacksonville,  Fla.,  May  5,  '04,"  which  was  cap- 
tured flying  around  oak  by  Mrs.  A.  T.  Slosson. 

This  interesting  discovery  is  supplemented  by  the  record  of 
two  other  specimens  from  the  collection  of  the  late  Otto 
Seifert  which  are  in  my  possession.  These,  both  males,  were 
captured  by  Dr.  Seifert  on  May  I3th  at  Island  Grove,  Florida, 
the  year  of  capture  being  unknown  to  me.  Further,  Mr. 
William  T.  Davis  captured  at  Lakeland,  Florida,  on  May  6 
and  8,  1912,  three  females  which  are  typical  with  the  excep- 
tion that  the  discal  line  of  the  primaries  is  edged  within  with 


262  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |"June>  >T3 

white,  whereas  in  the  original  description  it  is  referred  to  as 
having  a  single  white  line  outwardly.  The  first  two  were 
taken  on  the  6th  near  Lake  Hollandsworth,  where  the  country 
was  tolerably  dry,  either  on  the  hill  up  from  the  lake  or  in 
a  grove  which  was  also  high  and  dry;  and  the  third  specimen 
was  taken  in  similar  upland  oak  country  near  Lake  Parker. 

Mrs.  Slosson  has  also  given  me  the  only  known  fact  con- 
cerning the  life  history.  To  quote  her  letter:  "I  found  a 
greenish  slug-like  larva  on  oak  (species  of  Quercus  uncer- 
tain) in  May,  1904.  It  was  torpid  and  became  a  chrysalis 
almost  at  once,  so  I  made  no  detailed  description.  My  speci- 
men is  a  female  and  shows  the  inner  white  line  faintly  on 
discal  bands  of  both  wings."  This  larva  was  taken  at  Jack- 
sonville, Florida. 

The  character  of  the  inner  discal  white  line  is  an  interest- 
ing development,  so  far  known  only  in  the  female  specimens, 
which  occur  both  with  and  without  it.  Whether  this  is  of 
sufficient  value  to  warrant  a  varietal  name  is  an  open  question 
in  my  mind.  If  we  may  judge  from  T.  calanus,  the  nearest 
ally  to  T.  wittfeldii,  the  presence  or  absence  of  this  inner  line 
is  subject  to  the  utmost  variability  and  is  not  now  considered 
of  varietal  significance  in  that  species. 

These  new  records  are  of  considerable  interest  as  they  ex- 
tend the  range  of  the  species  by  three  more  definite  localities 
and  indicate  the  season  in  which  to  be  on  the  watch  for  the 
species. 

The  original  description  of  T.  wittfeldii  appeared  in  the 
Canadian  Entomologist.  Vol.  XV,  page  136,  and  Mr.  William 
H.  Edwards  mentions  only  the  year  of  capture,  1883.  The 
types,  which  are  three  males  and  one  female,  are  in  the  pos- 
session of  Dr.  W.  J.  Holland  in  Pittsburgh,  and  there  are 
specimens  from  the  original  catch  in  the  Henry  Edwards  col- 
lection at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  in  New 
York  City,  and  in  the  collection  of  Dr.  Skinner  at  the  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences  in  Philadelphia.  These  last  speci- 
mens are  one  male  and  two  females  taken  in  June,  1882,  by 
Dr.  Wittfeld  at  Georgiana,  on  the  Indian  River,  Florida. 

I  should  be  much  interested  to  hear  of  any  other  records  of 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  263 

this  insect,  and  I  think  that  collectors  in  Florida  would  find 
it  worth  their  while  to  keep  a  sharp  lookout  for  it  about  the 
dates  mentioned  and  endeavor  to  secure  more  specimens  and 
get  some  further  knowledge  of  the  life  history  of  this  striking 
and  so  far  rare  butterfly.  The  four  recorded  localities  would 
indicate  that  the  species  has  a  range  extending  over  the 
northern  half  of  Florida  and  in  all  probability  its  rarity  in 
collections  is  due  to  an  extremely  local  occurrence  and  ignor- 
ance of  its  habits  on  the  part  of  collectors. 

For  easy  identification,  reference  may  be  had  to  The  But- 
terfly Book,  by  Dr.  Holland,  page  241,  plate  xxix.  Figs.  19 
and  20,  where  the  upper  and  under  sides  are  figured.  The 
specimens  I  have  seen  show  an  orange-red  dash  on  the  costal 
edge  of  the  primaries  below  extending  from  the  base  and 
gradually  diminishing  to  finally  disappear  about  opposite  the 
stigma. 


On  some  North  American  Hemiptera. 

By  DR.  E.   BERGROTH,  Turtola,  Finland. 

Fam.  REDUVIIDAE. 

In  1872  Stal  on  good  reasons  united  his  genera  Doldina 
and  Hygromystes,  but  by  some  inadvertence  called  the  genus 
in  this  comprehension  Hygromystes,  although  the  name  Dol- 
dina is  one  year  older.*  As  the  genus  was  hitherto  known 
only  from  Brazil,  the  two  species  here  described  are  of  geo- 
graphical interest. 

Doldina  interjungens  n.  sp. 

Testaceous,  rather  sparingly  clothed  with  a  white  pilosity  which  is 
much  shorter  on  the  upper  side  and  thicker  on  the  apical  part  of  the 
prosternum  and  the  adjacent  part  of  the  head,  abdomen  piceous-tes- 
taceous  with  the  lateral  border  pale  testaceous.  Head  shorter  than 
pronotum,  first  antenna!  joint  passing  apex  of  scutellum,  second  joint 
a  little  shorter  than  head.  Pronotum  half  as  long  again  as  the  humeral 
breadth,  the  posterior  lobe  very  finely  and  thickly  punctured,  the  longi- 

*  For  Stal's  "Rio  Janeiro  Hemiptera  I"  Lethierry  &  Severin  give  the 
wrong  date,  1858.  The  work  was  published  in  1860,  as  admitted  by 
Stal  himself. 


264  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  fJune>  >T3 

tuclinal  median  impression  rather  broad,  the  intrahumeral  impression 
evanescent  anteriorly,  humeral  angles  armed  with  a  short  acute  spine, 
disk  unarmed.  Scutellum  slightly  recurved  at  apex.  Hemelytra  (?) 
not  reaching  middle  of  last  dorsal  segment,  the  prolonged  exterioi 
apical  part  of  the  corium  almost  hyaline  at  and  before  the  apical  angle, 
membrane  subhyaline,  its  exterior  basal  cell  passing  apical  angle 
of  corium.  Abdomen  shortly  spined  at  the  apical  angles  of  the  first 
two  segments.  Hind  femora  reaching  base  of  sixth  abdominal  segment. 
Length,  $  19  mm. 

North  Carolina   (Roanoke  Island,  G.  P.  Engelhardt). 

This  very  distinct  species  is  described  from  a  single  speci- 
men in  de  la  Torre  Bueno's  collection.  It  is  exactly  inter- 
mediate in  structure  between  the  subgenera  Doldina  and 
Hygromystes,  agreeing  with  the  former  in  the  unarmed  disk 
of  the  posterior  pronotal  lobe,  with  the  latter  in  the  spinous 
humeral  angles. 

Doldina  praetermissa  n.  sp. 

Testaceous,  shortly  pilose  above,  more  longly  so  on  the  upper  side  of 
the  head  on  the  first  two  antennal  joints,  on  the  underside  of  the  body, 
along  the  abdominal  margin,  and  on  the  legs,  head  more  or  less  infus- 
cated  on  the  sides,  upper  side  of  postocular  part  sometimes  with  two 
narrow  ferruginous  vittae  behind  the  ocelli,  venter  sometimes  with  a  sub- 
lateral  brown  vitta.  Head  shorter  than  pronotum,  first  joint  of  anten- 
nae slightly  passing  apex  of  scutellum,  second  joint  as  long  as  post- 
ocular  part  of  head  and  eye  together.  Pronotum  rather  more  than  one- 
half  longer  than  the  width  between  the  humeral  angles,  anterior  lobe 
smooth,  in  fresh  specimens  with  some  subreticulated  pubescent  lines, 
posterior  lobe  unarmed,  finely  and  thickly  rugulosely  punctate  with  five 
shallow  and  rather  narrow  longitudinal  furrows,  the  middle  furrow  be- 
ing more  distinct.  Abdomen  with  a  short  spine  at  the  apical  angles  of 
the  first  and  second  segments.  Posterior  femora  reaching  or  nearly 
reaching  the  base  of  the  sixth  ventral  segment.  Length,  Q  16-17  mnl- 

Florida  (Charlotte  Harbor,  Mrs.  A.  T.  Slosson)  ;  British 
Honduras  (Belize,  C.  F.  Baker). 

Allied  to  D.  lauta  Stal,  but  it  is  smaller  and  the  posterior 
lobe  of  the  pronotum  is  somewhat  differently  sculptured  with 
the  median  furrow  narrower  and  less  deep. 

Of  this  species  I  have  seen  two  specimens ;  the  description 
is,  of  course,  founded  on  both,  and  I  must  thus  refrain  from 
designating  only  one  of  them  as  "type."  When  an  author 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  265 

founds  a  species  on  two  or  more  specimens  it  is  incumbent  on 
him,  in  describing  the  species,  to  examine  and  take  into  con- 
sideration all  these  specimens  and  he  has  no  logical  right  to 
designate  one  specified  specimen  as  type.  They  are  all  types 
and  have  all  the  same  claim  to  be  considered  as  such,  unless 
the  describer  has  expressly  stated  that  certain  specimens  on 
such  and  such  ground  are  less  typical  or  that  one  sex  is  doubt- 
fully conspecific  with  the  other.  If  a  subsequent  author  sub- 
divides the  species  into  two  or  more  species,  he  is  at  liberty  to 
choose  any  of  the  original  specimens  as  types  both  for  the 
old  species  and  for  the  new  ones,  even  if  the  first  describer, 
for  commercial  or  other  reasons,  has  marked  only  one  speci- 
men as  type.  I  have  thought  it  necessary  to  put  in  this  as 
an  apology  for  refusing  to  fix  one-specimen  types,  some  of 
my  correspondents  having  urged  me  to  discriminate  between 
"type"  and  "cotypes,"  a  discrimination  which  seems  to  me  to 
be  unscientific  and  liable  to  promote  careless  describing.  Co- 
type  can  in  my  opinion  be  used  only  as  a  synonym  of  type, 
indicating  that  a  species  has  been  founded  on  more  than  one 
specimen. 

Castolus  ferox  Banks. 

Mr.  Banks  kindly  gave  me  specimens  of  his  Zelus  fero.r 
from  Arizona.  It  is  no  Zelus  at  all,  but  belongs  to  the  genus 
Castolus  Stal,  being  the  first  species  of  this  genus  found 
north  of  Mexico. 

Fam.  HENICOCEPHALIDAE. 
Henicocephalus  biceps  Say. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  insect  described  by  Say  under 
the  name  Redui'ins  biceps  is  the  same  as  Hyineuodectes  ciilicis 
Uhl.,  described  60  years  later.  Say's  species  does  not  seem 
to  have  been  mentioned  in  the  literature  since  it  was  describ- 
ed and  is  omitted  even  in  all  the  catalogues  (Lethierry  & 
Severin,  Uhler,  Banks).  I  have  before  me  only  Say's  origi- 
nal pamphlet  printed  in  New-Harmony,  Ind.  (of  which  but 
two  copies  are  said  to  exist  in  the  United  States  and  scarcely 
more  in  Europe)  and  I  do  not  know  if  it  be  omitted  also  in 


266  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,  '13 

the  "Complete  Writings."*  Say's  type  was  from  Pennsyl- 
vania and  his  description  is  pretty  good,  fully  agreeing  with 
my  specimens.  Hemipterists  who  for  the  first  time  saw  a 
Henicocephalus  have  generally  thought  they  had  something 
quite  unknown  before  them,  no  less  than  nine  generic  names 
having  been  bestowed  on  the  genus  in  addition  to  one  name 
given  to  the  larva.  It  is  interesting  and  worth  remembering 
that  Say,  who  described  his  species  five  years  before  West- 
wood  founded  the  genus  Henicocephalus  and  who  was  little 
inclined  to  propose  new  genera,  placed  the  insect  in  Reduviits, 
between  his  Rednrius  acuminatus  (an  Oncerotrachehis)  and 
his  Redui'ius  insidiosns  (a  Triphleps),  thus  not  far  from  its 
true  position.  Although  Say  failed  to  recognize  a  new  genus 
and  family  in  his  species  he  was  so  impressed  with  the  singular 
structure  of  its  head  that  he  gave  his  insect  a  specific  name 
exactly  corresponding  to  the  generic  name  (Dicephalus)  under 
which  the  genus  was  redescribed  by  W.  F.  Kirby. 

Fam.    COREIDAE. 

Harmostes  bruesi  n.   sp. 

Above  whitish  testaceous,  head  somewhat  darker,  pronotum  (except 
apical  third  and  lateral  borders),  clavus,  and  interior  part  of  corium 
pink-colored,  underside  of  body  pale  greenish  testaceous  (in  the  live 
insect  probably  pure  green).  Head  finely  and  thickly  punctured  with  an 
impressed  line  reaching  from  the  base  of  the  head  to  the  base  of  the 
clypeus  and  a  much  shorter  linear  impression  before  each  ocellus  and 
between  the  ocellus  and  the  eye,  apical  process  scarcely  reaching  the 
middle  of  the  first  antennal  joint,  rostrum  reaching  the  hind  coxae,  pale 
testaceous  with  black  tips,  antennae  reddish  testaceous,  first  joint  in- 
crassated,  finely  granulated,  its  exterior  margin  straight,  interior  mar- 
gin convex,  second  and  third  joints  linear,  subequal  in  length,  each  as 
long  as  the  head  and  a  little  less  than  twice  the  length  of  the  first 

[*The  description  of  Rcduvius  biceps  is  included  in  Le  Conte's  "Com- 
plete Writings  of  Thomas  Say,"  vol.  i,  p.  356,  where  it  is  found  in  the 
reprint  of  a  paper  entitled  "Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Heterop- 
terous  Hemiptera  of  North  America.  New  Harmony,  Indiana,  De- 
cember, 1831."  A  footnote  by  Le  Conte  states,  "This  memoir  is  taken 
from  a  reprint  by  Dr.  Asa  Fitch,  in  the  Transactions  of  the  New  York 
State  Agricultural  Society  for  1857;  I  have  never  seen  an  original  copy 
of  it  and  can  consequently  give  only  the  paging  of  the  reprint."  Neither 
the  library  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  nor 
that  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  in  the  same  city  possesses 
a  copy  of  the  original  edition  of  1831. — ED.] 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  267 

joint,  fourth  joint  narrowly  fusiform,  a  little  longer  than  first.  Prono- 
tum  densely  punctate  with  a  low  pale  median  ridge  not  quite  reaching 
the  apical  margin  and  with  four  impressions  placed  in  a  transverse 
row  before  the  middle,  the  interior  impressions  situated  close  to  the 
median  keel,  lateral  margins  smooth,  moderately  subangularly  sinuate 
in  the  middle,  humeral  angles  rectangular,  very  narrowly  rounded, 
intrahumeral  impressions  distinct.  Scutellum  densely  punctate  with  a 
faint  median  keel  not  reaching  the  apex.  Metasternum  strongly  groov- 
ed in  the  middle.  All  pleurae  densely  punctulate.  Corium  and  clavus 
strongly  and  rather  thickly  punctate,  costal  margins  of  coria  parallel 
from  the  base  through  less  than  a  third  their  length,  then  slightly  am- 
pliated,  membrane  hyaline,  passing  apex  of  abdomen  by  half  its  length. 
Abdomen  beneath  strongly  sulcated  from  its  base  to  the  apex  of  the 
third  segment,  male  genital  segment  arcuately  sinuate  at  apex  with 
three  appendages  protruding  from  the  interior,  the  median  one  very 
short,  conical,  the  lateral  ones  knife-shaped,  turning  their  convex  mar- 
gin inwards,  whitish  with  the  apex  narrowly  infuscated.  Legs  tes- 
taceous, hind  femora  passing  apex  of  abdomen,  their  incrassated  part 
tinged  with  reddish  brown,  the  spines  white,  the  larger  ones  with  the 
extreme  tip  blackish.  Length,  $  6.8  mm.,  with  membrane  8  mm. 

Texas  (C.  T.  Brues). 

This  species  cannot  be  easily  mistaken  for  any  other  North 
American  species  and  is  also  well  distinguished  from  the  neo- 
tropical forms.  In  structure  it  is  intermediate  between  Stal's 
divisions  a  and  aa,  having  non-serrulate  pronotal  lateral  mar- 
gins, but  a  deep  basal  ventral  furrow.  It  possibly  comes  near- 
est to  H.  bicolor  Dist.,  but  Distant  says  nothing  about  the 
presence  or  absence  of  the  ventral  groove  in  any  of  the  spe- 
cies described  by  him. 

This  insect  was  among  some  Texan  Hemiptera  kindly  pre- 
sented to  me  by  Mr.  Brues.  The  label  shows  no  precise  lo- 
cality, only  the  date  3-23-00^ 


Honors  to   Entomologists. 

Professors  John  Henry  Comstock,  of  Cornell  University,  and  Clar- 
ence E.  McClung,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Assistant 
Surgeon  General  William  C.  Gorgas,  U.  S.  A.,  were  elected  members 
of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  at  Philadelphia,  on  April  19. 
Professor  George  H.  Parker,  of  Harvard  University,  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  at  Washington,  April 
22-24. 

[fMr.  Brues  has  kindly  informed  us  that :  "The  bug  dated  3-23-'oo 
was  from  Austin,  Texas,  I  am  positive,  as  1  collected  there  at  that 
date."— ED.] 


268  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  rJune»  >T3 

New  Species  of  Macrogonus  (Coleop.). 

By   F.    C.    BOWDITCH,    Boston,    Mass. 

Two  new  species  of  Macrogonus  should  be  added  to  the 
list,  one  of  which  is  from  New  Guinea  and  the  largest  yet 
described ;  types  of  both  are  in  my  collection. 

Macrogonus  atripennis  nov.  sp. 

Rufous,  head  and  thorax  more  or  less  aenescent  the  jaws,  antennae, 
except  the  first  joint,  the  apex  of  the  tibiae,  the  tarsi  and  elytra  and 
first  four  segments  of  the  abdomen  blue  black. 

Head  with  a  broad  triangular  depression  in  front,  the  rear  angle 
continued  over  the  vertex  in  a  well  marked  groove,  surface  finely  and 
rather  regularly  punctured,  antennae  reaching  a  little  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  body,  pubescent  (except  the  scope),  2nd  joint  short 
tubular,  3d  about  one  half  longer  and  4th  distinctly  longer  than  the 
third,  5th,  6th  and  7th  longest  of  all ;  thorax  with  the  lateral  middle 
angle  well  developed,  stout  and  acute,  the  four  corners  angulate,  se- 
tose, two  well  marked  foveae,  one  on  either  side  back  of  the  middle, 
basal  depression  elongate,  well  marked,  the  entire  surface  shining, 
sparsely  punctulate,  rear  rounded  and  faintly  margined,  elytra  parallel, 
shining,  surface  everywhere  obsoletely  wrinkled  with  about  10  rows 
of  very  fine  punctures,  regularly  placed  becoming  obsolete  at  the  rear 
and  scattered  punctures  in  the  intervals,  shoulders  prominent,  each 
elytron  with  two  deep  foveae  placed  as  usual  in  the  genus,  subbasal 
median,  and  median  sublateral ;  the  body  below  especially  the  dark 
part  is  strongly  punctate. 

Type — Richmond  River,  New  South  Wales,  2  examples ; 
length  10  mm. 

Very  much  resembles  in  color  Macrolema  longicornis  Jac. 

Macrogonus  aenescens  nov.  sp. 

Head  rufous,  aeneous,  vertex  dark  metallic  green,  antennae  reach- 
ing below  the  middle  of  the  body,  five  lower  joints  purple,  remainder 
dull,  submetallic,  all  except  the  scope  pubescent,  thorax  rufous,  base 
and  middle  suffused  aeneous  bronze,  extreme  basal  edge  purple, 
scutel  rufous  iridescent,  elytra  polished,  shining,  bronzed,  extreme 
thickened  edge  touched  with  purple,  body  beneath  and  femora  rufous, 
with  extreme  tip  of  latter  and  tibiae  and  tarsi  dark  submetallic  pur- 
plish. Length  15  mm. 

Head  has  the  labrum  slightly  darkened  and  with  a  broad  triangular 
depression  on  the  front  between  the  eyes  (as  in  subinetallicus  Jac.) 
and  a  deep  elongate  fovea  on  the  vertex,  punctures  thick  near  and  be- 
tween the  eyes,  becoming  sparse  at  the  top  and  rear  of  the  vertex. 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  269 

Thorax  with  scattered  foveate  and  finer  punctures  crowded  at  the  sides 
behind  and  a  deep  fovea  on  each  side  and  a  well-marked  basal  de- 
pression, also  a  faint  double  depression  anteriorly,  the  sides  at  the 
middle  show  a  broad  very  stout  upcurved,  obtuse  tooth  and 
all  four  corners  well  developed  angles,  the  rear  setose ;  a  glance 
of  green  shows  here  and  there  on  the  aeneous  part  of  the  thorax. 
Elytra  slightly  compressed  at  the  middle,  parallel,  bright  metallic, 
bronze,  with  2  foveate  depressions  on  each  side,  a  subbasal,  ante- 
median  and  a  sublateral,  median;  impressed  with  large  punctures  ar- 
ranged in  nearly  regular  rows  up  to  and  including  the  fifth,  after 
which  they  are  broken  and  confused  about  the  middle,  the  confusion 
coinciding  with  the  two  foveate  depressions.  The  rufous  inside  shows 
here  and  there  faint  touches  of  greenish  color. 

Type — Maroka,  British  New  Guinea,  3500  ft.  X,  '95  (An- 
thony), i  example. 

This  is  the  first  of  the  genus  to  be  recorded  from  New 
Guinea,  the  others  coming  from  Queensland. 

M.  submetallicus  Jac.  (types  in  my  coll.)  shows  thoracic 
angles  before  and  behind  as  above  described,  though  not  as 
large,  and  the  elytra  show  similar  depressions,  though  not 
as  deep,  and  the  elytral  punctuation  is  very  much  less  marked 
in  submetalliciis  than  in  aenescens. 


Synoptical  Table  of  the  North  American  Species  of 
the  Dipterous  Genus  Sympycnus,  with  the 

description  of  a  new  Species. 
By  M.  C.  VAN  DUZEE,  Buffalo,  New  York. 

Two  species  of  Sympycnus  came  to  me  determined  as  Neu- 
rigona  while  I  was  working  up  that  genus ;  one  I  am  describ- 
ing below  as  S.  clavatus,  and  the  other  was  our  common 
eastern  form  S.  lincatus  Loew.  The  following  characters 
separate  Sympycnus  from  related  genera. 

Eyes  of  the  male  contiguous  below  the  antennae  or  nearly 
so;  first  joint  of  the  antennae  without  hairs  above,  and  the 
second  joint  without  a  thumb-like  projection  along  the  inner 
side  of  the  third  joint.  Abdomen  of  the  male  with  six  visible 
segments  besides  the  hypopygium  ;  hypopygium  short,  not  ex- 
tending forward  under  the  venter,  and  with  small  append- 


270  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June>  '!3 

ages  (in  several  species  the  appendages  are  not  visible). 
First  joint  of  hind  tarsus  of  the  male  longer  than  the  second ; 
hind  tarsi  shorter  than  their  tibiae,  and  the  first  joint  without 
large  bristles  above.  Wings  with  the  second  vein  almost 
straight ;  third  and  fourth  veins  slightly  convergent ;  fourth 
vein  ending  in  or  before  the  apex  of  the  wing.  Dorsum  of 
the  thorax  convex  on  the  posterior  end,  without  a  flattened 
space  before  the  scutellum.  (This  last  character  must  be  used 
with  caution  as  there  is  a  slight  concavity  before  the  scutel- 
lum, at  least  in  some  species,  which  leads  to  placing  species 
of  this  genus  in  Neurigona,  from  which  they  are  easily  sep- 
arated by  the  six-segmented  abdomen.) 

In  all  the  species  I  have  seen  the  hind  tibiae  are  more  or 
less   enlarged   at  the  tip. 

Table  of  Males. 

1  Hypopygium   large,   making   up   nearly   half   the   length   of   the   ab- 

domen.     Antennae    yellow,    third    joint    black.      Thorax    dark 

green    above.      (Grenada.) frater    Aid. 

Hypopygium    smaller    2 

2  Plypopygium    very    asymmetrical 3 

Hypopygium    symmetrical     5 

3  Antennae    yellow :    first    joint    of    fore    tarsi    with    three    or    four 

minute  but  stout  black  bristles  below.     (Mexico.)  .coxalis  Aid. 

Antennae  black;   fifth  joint  of   fore  tarsi  with  a  projection  below 

( St.    Vincent.)     4 

4  Fore  tibiae  with  a  row  of  stubby  bristles similis  Aid. 

Fore  tibiae  without  a  row  of  stubby  bristles falco  Aid. 

5  Fourth  vein  ending  in  the  tip  of  the  wing 7 

Fourth  vein  ending  before  the  tip  of  the  wing 6 

Antennae  black;   first  joint  of  hind  tarsi   longer  than   the  second, 

6  Antennae    with    the   first   two   joints   yellow,   third   joint   blackish; 

first  joint  of  hind  tarsi   a  little   shorter  than   the   second,   and 
the   third    a   little    shorter   than   the    fourth.      (Sitka. ) 

tertianus  Loew. 

Antennae  black;   first  joint  of  hind  tarsi  longer  than  the  second, 
and   the   third   longer   than   the    fourth.      (Wyoming.) 

marcidus  Wheeler 

7  Pulvilli  of  fore  tarsi  not  enlarged;  first  joint  of  hind  tarsi  shorter 

than  the  second,  at  least  in  lincatns 8 

Pulvilli   of    fore   tarsi    enlarged;    first    and    second    joints    of    hind 
tarsi  nearly  equal,  or  the  first  longest 9 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  2/1 

8     Dorsum  of  the  thorax  bluish-green,  without  distinct  vittae;   front 

purple    in   the    middle.      (Mexico.) angustipennis    Aid. 

Dorsum  brownish  with  dark  vittae ;  front  black  or  greenish  black ; 
hypopygium  with  long  appendages.  (Eastern  species.) 

lincatus  Loew. 

y  Fourth  and  fifth  joints  of  middle  tarsi  dilated  and  fringed  with 
black  bristles;  second  joint  of  hind  tarsi  with  a  few  long 
bristles  on  its  upper  surface  near  the  tip.  (Washington.) 

pugil  Wheeler 

Middle  tarsi  plain ;  second  joint  of  hind  tarsi  without  long  bris- 
tles   10 

TO  Hind  tibiae  with  a  wide  black  band  at  tip;  hind  metatarsi  with 
basal  half  whitish,  apical  half  black,  and  longer  than  the 
second  joint;  hypopygium  with  distinct  appendages.  (New 

Mexico.)     claratus,    n.    sp. 

Tips  of  hind  tibiae  and  all  of  hind  tarsi  black;  first  and  second 
joints  of  hind  tarsi  nearly  equal ;  hypopygium  witjiout  dis- 
tinct appendages  1 1 

n  Dorsum  of  the  thorax  gray,  with  the  bristles  arising  from  brown 
spots  and  with  a  brown  line  down  the  middle ;  bases  of  the 
abdominal  segments  purplish  bronze ;  fore  femora  all  yellow 

(Mexico.)    veripes   Aid. 

Dorsum  dark  blackish  green;  bases  of  the  abdominal  segments 
cupreous;  basal  half  or  more  of  fore  femora  black.  (Cali- 
fornia. )  cuprinus  Wheeler 

Sympycnus  clavatus  n.   sp. 

Male. — Length  2.5  mm.  Eyes  contiguous  on  the  face,  leaving  only 
a  small  triangle  below  the  antennae,  which  is  greenish-black  and  cov- 
ered with  white  pollen ;  palpi  small,  with  silvery-white  pollen ;  front 
and  occiout  greenish-black,  with  white  pollen:  two  basal  joints  of  the 
antennae  yellow,  third  joint  with  a  blunt  point,  brown;  arista  brown; 
cilia  of  the  lower  orbit  white,  a  few  of  the  upper  cilia  black.  Dorsum 
of  the  thorax  dark,  rather  dull  green,  scutellum  and  metanotum  con- 
colorous,  pleurae  more  blackish  ;  all  rather  thickly  covered  with  white 
pollen;  humeri  and  a  spot  at  the  insertion  of  the  wings  yellowish; 
halteres  yellow.  Abdomen  yellow,  the  first  segment  infuscated,  second 
and  third  with  poorly  defined  black  bands  at  the  incisures  which  are 
more  or  less  connected  along  the  center  of  the  dorsum,  fourth  except 
at  the  base,  and  the  fifth  and  sixth  altogether  greenish-black;  hypopy- 
gium of  the  same  blackish  color,  and  with  distinct  appendages  (Fig. 
i);  venter  yellow;  hairs  of  the  nhdomrn  including  the  long  bristles 
on  the  posterior  margin  of  the  first  segment  yellow.  Fore  and  middle 
tarsi  with  the  two  last  joints  blackened;  pulvilli  of  fore  pair  slightly 
enlarged.  Legs  and  coxae  pale  yellow ;  hairs  and  bristles  of  fore  and 


272  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  rJune>  'J3 

middle  coxae  whitish;  the  long  bristle  on  the  outer  surface  of  the 
hind  coxae  yellow,  or  yellowish-brown  in  some  lights ;  tops  of  hind 
femora  brownish ;  hind  tibiae  incrassated  towards  the  tip,  tips  with  a 


FIG.  i.  FIG.  2. 

i,  Hypopygium  and  2,  Wing,  Sympycnus  clavatus  n.  sp. 

sharply-defined  black  band  which  is  as  wide  as  the  second  tarsal  joint 
is  long;  hind  tarsi  scarcely  half  as  long  as  their  tibiae,  black  with  the 
basal  half  of  the  first  joint  whitish,  first  joint  longer  than  the  second, 
the  following  joints  regularly  decreasing  in  length;  fore  and  middle 
tarsi  about  the  same  length  as  their  tibiae,  and  with  the  last  two  joints 
infuscated;  fore  metatarsi  about  one-half  as  long  as  their  tibiae;  mid- 
dle metatarsi  about  one-third  the  length  of  their  tibiae.  Wings  gray- 
ish hyaline,  narrowed  at  base,  and  with  the  anal  angle  nearly  obso- 
lete (Fig.  2),  last  section  of  fourth  vein  nearly  straight,  and  only 
slightly  approaching  the  third  towards  the  tip,  ending  in  the  apex  of 
the  wing. 

Female. — One  female  that  agrees  with  these  males  in  the  coloration 
of  the  legs  and  antennae  in  having  white  hairs  and  bristles  on  the 
fore  and  middle  coxae,  and  a  yellow  bristle  on  the  hind  coxae,  I  am 
placing  as  the  female  of  this  species.  The  dorsum  of  the  thorax  is 
brown  covered  with  gray  pollen,  leaving  five  vittae,  the  central  one 
being  the  most  sharply  defined  and  the  outer  pair  the  most  poorly  de- 
fined. The  abdomen  is  altogether  brown  except  the  venter  which  is 
yellowish.  Wings  with  the  anal  angle  more  prominent  than  in  the 
male,  and  more  tinged  with  brown;  the  fourth  vein  ends  in  the  tip 
of  the  wing.  Length  3.5  mm. 

Described  from  two  males  and  one  female  from  New  Mex- 
ico. The  males  are  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Ento- 
mological Society,  and  were  taken  at  Alamogorda,  N.  M.,  in 
May.  The  female  is  in  the  National  Museum  and  was  taken 
at  Las  Vegas,  N.  M.,  on  August  9th.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Type 
No.  5259. 

Note. — The  female  of  this  species  has  the  prescutellar  de- 
pression very  distinct,  in  the  male  it  is  not  so  conspicuous. 

This  species  is  easily  separated  from  all  others  of  the  genus 
by  the  coloration  of  the  hind  feet. 


Vol.  Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  273 

A  New  Noctuid  (Lepid.)* 

By  the  late  JOHN  B.  SMITH,  Sc.D.* 

Mamestra  gertana  n.  sp. 

Dull  ashen  gray  without  marked  contrasts.  Head  a  little  darker 
in  front ;  collar  with  a  distinct  black  median  line ;  disc  of  patagia 
paler  gray,  the  borders  more  or  less  margined  with  black.  Primaries 
with  all  the  markings  fairly  well-defined,  but  none  of  them  contrast- 
ing or  sharply  outlined.  Basal  line  geminate,  black,  broken,  incurved 
toward  base  on  the  median  vein.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  well  removed 
from  base,  outwardly  oblique  and  a  little  outcurved.  Outer  portion 
of  line  usually  best  marked  and  a  little  outcurved  on  the  interspaces ; 
inner  line  narrower  and  less  well-defined,  tending  to  become  lost. 
T.  p.  line  geminate,  blackish,  with  a  moderate  outcurve  over  the  cell 
and  a  deep  incurve  below,  greatly  narrowing  the  median  space;  but 
this  varies  in  the  specimens.  The  inner  portion  of  line  is  usually  con- 
tinuous and  a  little  marked  on  the  veins ;  the  outer  portion  tends  to 
become  punctiform  and  to  become  marked  on  the  veins  by  white  dots 
set  in  a  black  streak.  S.  t.  line  narrow,  irregular,  pale,  often  marked 
only  by  the  difference  in  shade  between  terminal  and  s.  t.  spaces ; 
sometimes  a  little  outwardly  edged  with  black  or  marked  with  yellow- 
ish scales,  while  usually  there  is  a  little  yellowish  preceding  mark  op- 
posite anal  angle  and  a  blackish  streak  beyond  that  to  outer  margin. 
A  series  of  distinct  black  terminal  lunules  at  the  base  of  the  long  and 
slightly  waved  fringes.  Usually  the  median  space  is  the  darkest  and 
the  s.  t.  space  the  palest  portion  of  the  wing,  but  in  many  cases  the 
median  area  is  only  a  little  darker  and  the  rest  of  the  wing  uniform 
in  tint.  Claviform  broad,  concolorous,  outlined  in  black,  extending 

*  EDITOR  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  : 

Shortly  after  Dr.  Smith's  death  I  found  the  enclosed  description  of 
Mamestra  gertana,  n.  sp.,  in  his  desk,  which  he  had  written  during  the 
summer  of  1911,  and  was  no  doubt  holding  it  until  he  had  described 
some  other  specimens.  Dr.  Smith's  illness,  of  course,  prevented  him 
from  doing  any  systematic  work,  although  he  was  able  to  attend  to 
routine  and  office  work  until  a  few  days  before  his  death. 

I  did  not  send  the  description  to  you  immediately  as  I  feared  that 
Dr.  Barnes,  who  had  described  a  great  many  new  species,  might  in 
the  meantime  have  described  this  same  species.  Dr.  Barnes  was  here 
recently  to  look  over  the  collections  and  he  assured  me  that  he  had 
not  described  anything  like  this  species,  and  that  I  should  send  the 
description  to  you  for  publication. 

Very  truly  yours, 

AUGUSTA  MESKE. 

New  Brunswick,  N.  Jersey,  March  11,  1913. 


274  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June'  ?I3 

across  the  median  space  or  connected  with  the  t.  p.  line  by  a  short 
spur.  Orbicular  large,  oval,  oblique,  gray  with  a  dusky  central  shade, 
fairly  well  defined.  Reniform  upright,  rather  long  kidney-shaped, 
gray,  with  a  narrow  dusky  center,  margins  fairly  well  defined.  Sec- 
ondaries smoky  blackish  in  both  sexes.  Beneath,  dull  smoky  brown, 
secondaries  paler  and  more  powdery,  both  wings  with  more  or  less 
obvious  extra-median  lines  and  discal  dots. 
Expands  1.00-1.15  inches  (25-29  mm.) 

Habitat — San  Diego,  California,  in  March. 

Thirty-three  males  and  seven  females  are  at  hand  for  com- 
parison, received  through  Mr.  H.  H.  Brehme.  The  species 
runs  toward  the  smaller  size,  the  largest  example  representing 
a  single  female  conspicuous  in  the  series.  As  a  whole  the 
species  resembles  an  undersized  cuneata  with  the  contrasts 
out  and  the  maculation  slightly  modified.  Six  of  the  speci- 
mens before  me  have  no  trace  of  yellow  scales  on  the  s.  t. 
line,  and  in  most  of  the  others  there  are  only  a  few  opposite 
the  anal  angle.  For  comparison  I  have  over  20  examples  of 
cuneata,  ranging  from  San  Francisco,  California,  northward 
into  British  Columbia  and  eastward  into  the  Mountains  of 
Colorado. 

The  antennae  of  male  are  barely  ciliate,  and  the  dorsal  tuft- 
ings  on  abdomen  are  complete. 


The  Genus  Parodinia  Coquillett  (Geomyzidae,  Dipt.)* 
By  J.  R.  MALLOCH,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Department 

of  Agriculture.* 

In  the  course  of  some  work  I  have  in  hand,  revising  the 
species  in  Agromyzidae,  I  found  specimens  of  this  genus 
standing  under  the  specific  names  cinerea  Coquillett,  and 
costalis  Coquillett,  amongst  the  Milichinae.  It  was  at  once 
quite  evident  that  they  did  not  belong  there  and  were  just 
as  evidently  true  Geomyzidae.  I  should  have  transferred 
them  to  their  proper  place  without  further  remark,  but  for 
the  fact  that  the  specimens  standing  as  costalis  represent  two 
distinct  species,  the  description  of  one  of  which  is  here  given. 

*  Published  by  permission  of  Chief  of  Bureau. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  275 

The  genus  Parodinia  is  closely  allied  to  Zagonia  Coquillett, 
and  possibly  could  be  ranked  as  synonymous  with  it,  but  with 
our  very  limited  knowledge  of  this  family  I  do  not  consider 
it  advisable  to  sink  the  latter  at  present.  The  only  difference 
between  them  lies  in  the  much  higher  cheeks  of  Zagonia, 
which  has  the  height  of  cheek  at  least  equal  to  that  of  eye, 
whereas  Parodinia  has  the  eye  very  distinctly  higher  than 
the  height  of  cheek.  In  Agromyzinae  I  do  not  consider  this 
character  as  of  more  than  specific  value,  but  I  apprehend  no 
disadvantages  from  the  retention  of  the  genus  Zagonia. 

PARODINIA  Coquillett. 

Syn. — Parodinia  Coquillett,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol. 
10,  1902,  p.  186. 

Generic  characters :  Two  pairs  of  backwardly  directed 
f  ronto-orbital  bristles ;  post-vertical  bristles  cruciate ;  vibrissae 
distinctly  differentiated ;  proboscis  and  palpi  normal ;  meso- 
pleura  with  at  least  one  strong  bristle ;  two  sternopleural  bris- 
tles ;  five  pairs  of  dorso-centrals  on  mesonotum ;  scutellum 
four-bristled ;  tibiae  with  preapical  bristle  present ;  wings  with 
subcostal  vein  indistinct  but  complete,  the  costa  with  distinct 
short  spines,  in  addition  to  the  usual  hairs,  and  the  posterior 
cross  vein  at  distinctly  beyond  middle  of  wing. 

Synopsis  of  Species. 

1  Cheeks  at  least  half  as  high  as  eye ;   fore  femur  yellow 

cinerea  Coquillett 

Cheeks  much  less  than  half  as  high  as  eye ;  fore  femur  blackened    2 

2  Wings  browned,  most  distinctly  so  along  costa. ..  .costalis  Coquillett 
Wings  clear claripennis,  new  species 

Parodinia  cinerea   Coquillett. 

Syn.:  Parodinia  cinerea  Coquillett,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  10, 
1902,  p.  186. 

This  species  may  be  known  from  its  allies  by  the  black  third 
antennal  joint,  the  cheeks  being  about  half  as  high  as  eye, 
and  the  legs  being  entirely  yellow,  except  the  tarsi,  which 
are  browned.  This  species,  which  is  the  type  of  the  genus, 
was  described  by  Coquillett  from  three  specimens,  taken  by 
himself,  at  Los  Angeles,  California. 


276  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [June, '13 

Parodinia  costalis   Coquillett. 

Syn. :  Rhicnoessa  costalis  Coquillett,  Proc.  Wash.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  3, 
1 90 1,  p.  378. 

Originally  described  from  Galapagos  Islands,  and  after- 
wards recorded  from  Arizona  by  Coquillett  (Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent. 
Soc.,  Vol.  10,  1902,  p.  187),  which  record  refers  to  the  speci- 
mens described  below.  To  Coquillett's  original  description 
of  costalis  it  is  necessary  to  add  that  there  are  five,  not  four, 
pairs  of  dorso-central  bristles.  There  is  only  one  specimen 
in  the  National  Museum  collection,  which  is  not  in  very  good 
condition. 

Parodinia   claripennis   new   species. 

Male. — Opaque  gray;  anterior  half  of  frons,  antennae,  except  upper 
surface  of  third  joint,  face,  cheeks,  proboscis  and  palpi,  legs,  except 
fore  femora,  and  halteres  yellow. 

Bristling  of  frons  normal;  antennae  of  moderate  size,  third  joint 
distinctly  longer  than  broad ;  arista  thickened  at  base,  almost  bare ; 
cheeks  about  one-sixth  as  high  as  eye,  marginal  bristles  of  moderate 
strength,  vibrissa  differentiated.  Mesonotum  with  two  rather  faint 
yellowish  stripes  close  to,  and  between,  the  rows  of  dorso-centrals ; 
about  four  irregular  rows  of  discal  setulae  between  dorso-centrals;  the 
pair  of  bristles  between  the  posterior  pair  of  dorso-centrals  distinct ; 
pleurae  shining  on  lower  portions,  and  with  yellowish  pollinosity  on 
upper  half.  Abdomen  slightly  shining;  all  segments  with  sparse  set- 
ulae on  the  surfaces  and  stronger  post-marginal  bristles.  Legs  with 
fore  femora  blackened  or  browned,  and  sometimes  the  apices  of  fore 
tibiae  darkened  also ;  fore  femora  with  4  to  5  distinct  bristles  on  apical 
half  of  postero-dorsal  and  postero-ventral  surfaces ;  mid  and  hind 
femora  not  so  distinctly  bristled;  all-  tibiae  with  distinct  preapical 
bristle.  Wings  clear ;  veins  brownish  yellow ;  second  vein  slightly  un- 
dulating ;  veins  2-3  very  distinctly  divergent  at  apices,  3-4  distinctly 
though  slightly  convergent.  Length,  2-25/2  mm. 

Female  similar  in  color,  etc.,  to  male. 

Type:  Cat.  No.  15,557,  U.  S.  N.  M.  Locality:  Williams, 
Arizona  (H.  S.  Barber). 

Paratypes :  Williams,  Bright  Angel,  and  Flagstaff,  Arizona, 
same  collector ;  eight  specimens. 

This  species  differs  from  costalis  Coquillett,  in  having  the 
wings  clear,  the  arista  almost  bare,  and  in  being  larger,  as 
well  as  in  its  much  paler  color.  It  is  unfortunate  that  the 
type  of  costalis  is  in  such  poor  condition  that  the  position  of 
the  bristles  cannot  be  definitely  ascertained. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 


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weeks  before  date  of  issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
or  important  matter  for  a  certain  issue.  Twenty-five  "extras,"  without 
change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free,  when  they  are 
wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired,  this  should  be  stated 
on  the  MS.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowledged.  Proof  will 
be  sent  to  authors  for  correction  only  when  specially  requested. — Ed. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  JUNE,    1913. 


COLOR  NOMENCLATURE. 

One  of  the  crying  needs  of  descriptive  entomological,  and 
in  fact,  of  all  zoological,  work  has  been  that  of  a  standardiza- 
tion of  colors — the  necessity  for  a  uniform  set  of  terms  hav- 
ing a  fixed  chromatic  value  which  could  form  a  basis  for  color 
descriptions  and  comparisons.  This  need  has  been  so  impera- 
tive with  the  working  ornithologists  that  one  of  the  leading 
members  of  that  body  of  scientific  men,  fully  realizing  the 
necessity,  for  years  has  made  a  special  study  of  the  subject, 
publishing  over  twenty-six  years  ago  a  Nomenclature  of 
Colors,  and  now  after  "a  thorough  study  of  the  subject  from 
every  standpoint"  has  presented  to  us  a  monumental  set  of 
standards  of  colors  and  color  names.*  The  importance  of  this 
work  cannot  be  overestimated  to  the  entomological  student 
who  has  to  deal  with  the  fine  definition  of  color  tones,  as  in 
the  differentiation  of  closely  related  forms  of  groups  in  which 

*  Color  Standards  and  Color  Nomenclature.  By  Robert  Ridgway, 
Curator  of  the  Division  of  Birds,  United  States  National  Museum. 
With  Fifty-three  Colored  Plates  and  Eleven  Hundred  and  Fifteen 
Named  Colors.  Washington,  D.  C.  1912.  Published  by  the  Author. 
(Price,  $8.00.) 

277 


278  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June, '13 

color  tone  is  diagnostic,  a  condition  where  some  absolutely 
fixed  standard  is  imperative,  the  absence  of  which  has  been  a 
fruitful  source  of  misunderstanding  and  ambiguity.  With 
the  student  of  color  variation  and  protective  coloration  the 
need  of  an  exact  system  of  expressing  color  value  has  been 
just  as  decided  and  the  appearance  of  Mr.  Ridgway's  "Stan- 
dards" should  receive  from  all  entomologists  the  attention  it 
so  fully  deserves. 

The  method  of  treatment  is  thoroughly  scientific  and  the 
values  are  obtained  by  mathematically  determined  mixtures. 
The  thirty-six  principal  hues  are  based  on  the  solar  spectrum, 
each  hue  being  graded  in  a  vertical  scale  with  fixed  proportions 
of  white  and  black.  The  same  set  of  color  tones  are  repeated 
with  increasing  admixtures  of  neutral  gray,  first  with  thirty- 
two  per  cent.,  second  with  fifty-eight  per  cent.,  third  with 
seventy-seven  per  cent.,  and  fourth  with  ninety  per  cent.  By 
a  very  simple  method  of  notation  it  is  very  easy  to  follow  a 
single  hue  and  its  numerous  tones  through  all  the  steps  from 
purity  to  greatest  paleness  on  the  one  hand  and  to  the  point  of 
greatest  divergence  in  neutralization  on  the  other.  This  is  a 
very  important  matter  to  the  student  who  is  dealing  with 
recessive  and  intensive  color  patterns,  the  exact  tone  of  which 
is  far  harder  to  express  than  the  form  of  the  pattern  itself, 
in  fact  practically  impossible  to  definitely  express  without  a 
system  similar  to  that  employed  by  Mr.  Ridgway. 

The  technique  of  the  work  is  excellent,  each  of  the  eleven 
hundred  and  fifteen  tones  having  been  colored  in  large  sheets 
at  one  time  with  the  same  mixture  of  pigment  to  insure  abso- 
lute uniformity,  the  sheets  being  cut  up  and  the  squares  placed 
in  their  respective  positions  on  the  plates. 

Entomologists  can  rejoice  with  their  ornithological  breth- 
ren in  the  appearance  of  this  noteworthy  and  epoch-making 
work,  which  is  a  monument  to  the  industry  and  persistence  of 
the  author.  The  utilization  of  these  color  terms  will  simplify 
the  perplexities  of  modern  color  descriptions  and  once  used  the 
value  of  the  "Standards"  will  be  fully  recognized. 

J.  A.  G.  R. 


Vol.  Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  279 

Notes    and    Ne\vs. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   GLEANINGS   FROM   ALL   QUARTERS 
OF    THE    GLOBE. 

Cystineura  Amymone  (Lepid.). 

This  little  butterfly,  one  of  seven  species  inhabiting  Central  and 
South  America,  has  a  wider  northern  range  than  any  of  the  others. 
It  is  one  of  our  rare  species,  but  can  be  found  by  the  careful  collector 
almost  any  season.  In  October,  1905,  while  collecting  in  what  is  now 
Ponotoc  county,  Oklahoma,  I  saw  an  unfamiliar  butterfly,  and  suc- 
ceeded in  capturing  it.  It  was  a  specimen  of  the  species  Cystineura 
amymone.  At  the  time,  I  thought  it  was  a  straggler  that  had  been 
driven  north  by  some  storm  and  stranded  here  as  frequently  happens 
to  some  of  our  southern  species.  But  while  collecting  in  the  western 
part  of  the  state  in  the  summer  of  1907,  I  found  quite  a  large  colony 
of  them  near  Cordell,  Washita  county.  I  took  specimens  over  a  range 
of  about  eight  or  ten  miles  in  extent.  They  were  permanently  located 
and  were  breeding.  Again  in  the  autumn  of  1911,  I  saw  a  specimen  near 
Blackwell,  Oklahoma. 

This  little  butterfly  is  a  weak  flyer  and  is  always  found  in  places 
protected  from  strong  winds,  such  as  open  wooded  tracts,  streams,  or- 
chards and  groves. — ED.  L.  REED,  B.  A.,  Oklahoma  State  Baptist  Col- 
lege, Blackwell,  Okla. 

Entomological   Literature. 

COMPILED    BY    E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR.,    AND    J.    A.    G.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting  those 
appearing  in  the  January  and  February  issues,  which  are  generally  dated 
the  year  previous. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

4 — The  Canadian  Entomologist.  6 — Journal,  New  York  Ento- 
mological Society.  7 — U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Bureau 
of  Entomology.  10 — Nature,  London.  21 — The  Entomologist's 
Record,  London.  22 — Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  Leipzig.  35 — An- 
nales,  Societe  Entomolcgique  de  Belgique.  50 — Proceedings  of 


280  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [JUTle>  ?I3 

the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  G2 — Handlingar,  Konglige  Svenska 
Vetenskaps-Akademiens,  Stockholm.  64 — Annalen,  K.  k.  Natur- 
historischen  Hofmuseums,  Wien.  66 — Die  Naturwissenschaften, 
Berlin.  73 — Archives,  Zoologie  Experimental  et  Generale,  Paris. 
87 — Bulletin,  Societe  Entomologique  de  France,  Paris.  102 — Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Washington.  119 — Ar- 
chiv  fur  Naturgeschichte,  Berlin.  143 — Ohio  Naturalist.  152— 
California  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Berkeley.  175 — Aus 
der  Natur,  Berlin.  180 — Annals,  Entomological  Society  of  Amer- 
ica. 190 — Deutsche  Entomologische  Zeitschrift  "Iris,"  Dresden. 
191 — Natur,  Munchen.  198 — Biological  Bulletin,  Marine  Biological 
Laboratory,  Woods  Hole,  Mass.  216 — Entomologische  Zeitschrift, 
Frankfurt  a.  M.  226 — Transactions,  Academy  of  Sciences  of  St. 
Louis.  234 — Records,  Indian  Museum,  Calcutta.  240 — Maine  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station,  Orono.  365 — Collections  Zoologiques 
du  Baron  Edm.  de  Selys  Longchamps,  Bruxelles.  369— Entomolo- 
gische Mitteilungen,  Berlin-Dahlem.  395 — Revue  Mensuelle  de  la 
Societe  Entomologique  Namuroise,  Narnur.  410 — Journal  of  the 
Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.  411 — Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn 
Entomological  Society.  420 — Insecutor  Inscitiae  Menstruus:  A 
monthly  journal  of  entomology,  Washington,  D.  C.  424 — Bulletin 
de  la  Societe  d'Histoire  Naturelle  de  Metz.  425 — Abhandlungen 
aus  dem  Gebiete  der  Naturwissenschaften. ..  .Verein  in  Hamburg. 
426— Brasilianischen  Rundschau,  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

GENERAL  SUBJECT.  Blanchard,  F.— Obituary,  6,  xxi,  69-71. 
Bryant,  H.  C. — The  economic  value  of  the  western  meadowlark 
in  California,  152,  Bui.  236.  Calvert,  P.  P. — An  entomologist  in 
Costa  Rica,  180,  vi,  1-4.  Dow,  R.  P. — The  makers  of  Coleopterous 
species,  411,  viii,  51-54.  Eckstein,  K. — Biologische  beobachtungen 
im  walde,  175,  ix,  442-451.  Enderlein,  G. — Die  insekten  des  Ant- 
arkto-Archiplata-Gebietes  (Feuerland,  Falklands  Inseln,  Sud  Geor- 
gien),  62,  xlviii,  No.  3,  169  pp.  Escherich,  K. — Die  angewandte 
entomologie  in  den  Vereinigten  Staaten,  Berlin,  Paul  Parey,  1913, 
196  pp.  Gravely,  F.  H. — Mimicry  of  a  mutillid  by  a  spider,  234, 
vii,  87.  Holloway,  T.  E. — Insects  liable  to  dissemination  in  ship- 
ments of  sugar  cane,  7,  Circ.  165.  Johannsen,  O.  A. — Insect  notes 
for  1912,  240,  Bui.  207.  Lambillion,  L.  J. — Faut-il  reglementer  les 
principes  qui  regissent  actuellement  1'entomologie?  395,  1913,  32-33. 
Lutz,  F.  E. — Factors  in  aquatic  environments,  6,  xxi,  1-4.  Plate,  L. 
— Vererbungslehre,  mit  besonderer  berucksichtigung  des  men- 
schen,  fur  studierende,  arzte  und  zuchter,  519  pp,  Leipzig,  1913. 
Standfuss,  R. — Mitteilungen  aus  eigenen  erfahrungen,  betrettend 
die  praparation  von  eiern,  larven,  raupen  und  puppen  von  insekten, 
216,  xxvii,  1-3  (cont.).  Stocking,  R.  T.— (See  under  Coleoptera.) 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  28 1 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Bishopp,  F.  C.— The  fowl  tick  (Argas 
miniatus),  7,  Circ.  170.  Chubb,  E.  C.— Fish-eating  habits  of  a 
spider,  10,  1913,  136. 

Berland,  J. — Note  preliminaire  sur  le  "Cribellum"  et  le  "Cala- 
mistrum"  des  araignees  cribellates  et  sur  les  moeurs  de  ces  araig- 
nees,  73,  li,  23-41.  Fage,  L. — Etudes  sur  les  Araignes  cavernicoles, 
II:  Revision  des  Leptonetidae.  73,  x.  479-587.  Roewer,  C.  F.— 
Revision  der  Opiliones  palpatores  (Opiliones  plagiostethi),  II. 
Teil:  Familie  der  Phalangiidae,  425,  xx,  1-295. 

APTERA  AND  NEUROPTERA.  Barber,  H.  S.— Luminous 
Collembola,  102,  xv,  46-50.  Betten,  C. — An  interesting  feature  in 
the  venation  of  Helicopsyche,  the  Molannidae,  and  the  Leptoceri- 
dae,  180,  vi,  65-73.  Osburn,  R.  C. — Odonata  in  relation  to  the 
hydrophytic  environment,  6,  xxi.  9-1 1.  Sleight,  C.  E. — Rela- 
tions of  Trichoptera  to  their  environment,  6,  xxi,  4-8.  Winter- 
steiner,  F. — Environment  of  Hydrophidae,  6,  xxi.  54-55. 

Davis,  W.  T. — Dragon  flies  of  the  vicinity  of  New  York  City, 
with  a  description  of  a  n.  sp.,  6,  xxi,  11-29.  Dragon  flies  of  the 
genus  Celithemis  found  on  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  411,  viii,  50.  Hine, 
J.  S. — Additions  and  corrections  to  the  Odonata  of  Ohio,  143,  xiii, 
'.14-96. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Davis,  W.  T.— A  plague  of  Carolina  grass- 
hoppers at  Long  Beach,  L.  I.,  N.  Y.,  in  1912,  411,  viii,  50-51.  Rau 
&  Rau. — The  biology  of  "Stagmomantis  Carolina,"  226,  xxii,  1-58. 

Burr,  M. — Catalogue,  systematique  et  descriptif,  Orthopteres, 
365,  fasc.  2,  35  pp.  Caudell,  A.  N. — Notes  on  nearctic  orthopterous 
insects,  1:  Nonsaltatorial  forms,  50,  xliv,  595-614. 

HEMIPTERA.  Barber,  H.  G.— Aquatic  H.,  6,  xxi,  29-32.  Funk- 
houser,  W.  D. — Homologies  of  the  wing  veins  of  the  Membraci- 
dae,  180,  vi,  74-102.  Metcalf,  Z.  P. — The  wing  venation  of  the 
Jassidae,  180,  vi,  103-124.  Moreira,  C. — Der  laternentrager  (Later- 
naria  phosphorea),  426,  1911,  (576-680.  Olsen,  C.  E. — Long  Island 
capsids,  411,  viii,  48-49.  de  la  Torre  Bueno,  J.  R. — Remarks  on  the 
distribution  of  Heterocera,  4,  1913,  107-111.  A  curious  deformity 
in  a  bug,  411,  viii,  47-48. 

Abbott,  J.  F.— A  n.  sp.  of  Corixidae,  4,  l!)i:!,  113-115.  Heideman, 
O. — Description  of  two  n.  spp.  of  No.  American  Tingitidae,  102, 
xv,  1-4.  Muir,  F.— On  the  genus  "Lamenia,"  4,  1913,  112.  Poppius, 
B. — Beitrage  zur  Anthocoriden-Fauna  von  Central-  und  Nord- 
Amerika,  35,  Ivii,  11-15.  Quaintance  &  Baker. — Classification  of 
the  Aleyrodidae;  Part  1,  7,  Tech.  Ser.  27,  pt.  1,  92  pp. 


282  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June.  >J3 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Chapman,  T.  A.— On  the  shedding  of  the 
cornuti  in  Pyrausta  aurata,  21,  1913,  106-108.  Franck,  G. — A  new 
aberration  of  Smerinthus,  411,  viii,  49.  Johannsen,  O.  A. — Spruce 
budworm  (Tortrix  fumiferana),  and  leaf  miners  (Recurvaria  pice- 
aella,  Epinotia  picaefoliana),  240,  Bui.  210.  Kruger,  P. — Ueber 
das  stridulationsorgan  und  die  stridulationstone  der  nonne  (Ly- 
mantria  monacha),  22,  xli,  505-12.  Neumann,  O. — Einige  winkle 
fur  den  schmetterlingssammler !  216,  xxvi,  207-208.  Schultz,  V.— 
Eine  prakitsche  methode  der  Eulenraupen-zucht  aus  dem  ei,  216, 
xxvi,  210.  Stephan,  J. — Wandernde  raupen,  191,  1913,  328-330. 
Watson,  F.  E. — Four  new  additions  to  our  local  list  of  Rhopalo- 
cera,  411,  viii,  45-46.  Webster,  F.  M. — The  disastrous  occurrence 
of  "Vanessa  californica"  in  California  and  Oregon  during  the  years 
1911-1912,  4,  1913,  117-120.  Woodruff,  L.  B. — Bromolocha  atomaria 
in  Connecticut,  411,  viii,  46-47. 

Dognin,  P. — Notes  et  synonymies  relative  a  quelques  hetero- 
ceres  Sud-Americains,  35,  Ivii,  63-70.  Dyar,  H.  G. — The  species  of 
"Afrida."  Five  new  North  American  Pyralidae,  420,  i,  26-33,  34-35. 
Schaus,  W. — Two  new  Noctuids  from  French  Guiana,  420,  i,  25-26. 
Sheljuzhko,  L. — Lepidopterologische  notizen,  190,  1913,  13-22. 

DIPTERA.  Bugnion,  E. — Termitoxenia,  etude  anatomohistolo- 
gique,  35,  Ivii,  23-44.  Caudell,  A.  N. — Notes  on  the  yellow  crane-fly 
"Tipula  flavicans,"  102,  xv,  45-46.  Cook,  O.  F.— Web-spinning  fly 
larvae  in  Guatemalan  caves,  410,  iii,  190-193.  Felt,  E.  P.— Gall 
midges  in  an  aquatic  or  semi-aquatic  environment,  6,  xxi,  62-63. 
Green,  E.  E. — On  the  larval  habits  of  Toxorhynchites  immiseri- 
cors,  234,  vii,  309-310.  Grossbeck,  J.  A. — The  relation  of  mosqui- 
toes to  their  environment,  6,  xxi,  55-61.  Knab,  F. — Changes  in  the 
mosquito-fauna  of  Panama,  102,  xv,  40-42.  Metcalf,  C.  L. — Life- 
histories  of  Syrphidae,  V,  143,  xiii,  81-93.  Osburn,  R.  C. — Tabani- 
dae  as  inhabitants  of  the  hydrophytic  area;  Syrphidae  in  the  hydro- 
phytic  area,  6,  xxi,  63-65,  66-67.  Zetek,  J. — Determining  the  flight 
of  mosquitoes,  180,  vi,  5-21. 

Banks,  N. — Eastern  species  of  "Rachicerus,"  Change  of  "Laphria 
dispar"  to  "Laphria  disparella,"  102,  xv,  51,  52.  Knab,  F. — A  new 
bromelicolous  Megarhinus,  420,  i,  35-36.  Van  Duzee,  M.  C. — A 
revision  of  the  N.  Am.  species  of  the  dipterous  genus  Neurogonia 
(Dolichopodidae),  180,  vi,  22-64.  Walton,  W.  R. — The  variation  of 
structural  characters  used  in  the  classification  of  some  muscoidean 
flies,  102,  xv,  21-29. 

COLEOPTERA.  Barber,  H.  S.— Observations  on  the  life  his- 
tory of  "Micromalthus  debilis,"  102,  xv,  31-38.  Gravely,  F.  H.— 
The  habits  of  some  tiger-beetles  from  Orissa,  234,  vii,  207-209. 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  283 

Johannsen,  O.  A.— Potato  flea-beetle  (Epitrix  cucumeris),  240, 
Bui.  211.  Leng,  C.  W.— Aquatic  C,  6,  xxi,  32-42.  d'Orchymont, 
A. — Einige  bemerkungen  ueber  die  aussere  morphologic  der  Hy- 
drophiliden,  369,  ii,  101-100.  de  Peyerimhoff,  P.— Le  double  type 
larvaire  de  "Prionocyphon  serricornis,"  87,  1913,  148-151.  Sher- 
man, J.  D.,  Jr. — Some  habits  of  the  Dytiscidae,  6,  xxi,  43-54.  Sny- 
der,  T.  E. — Record  of  the  rearing  of  "Cupes  concolor,"  102,  xv, 
30-31.  Stocking,  R.  J.— A  note  on  the  spermatogenesis  of  "Tene- 
brio  molitor,"  198,  xxiv,  370-374. 

Achard,  J. — Descriptions  de  C.  phytophages  et  notes  synony- 
miques,  87,  1913,  146-148.  Harris,  E.  D.— Three  new  Cicindelids, 
6,  xxi,  67-69.  Pic,  M. — Anthicides  exotiques  nouveaux.  Deux  nou- 
veaux  "Goniadera"  de  1'Amerique  meridionale,  87,  1913,  117-118, 
133.  Weise,  J.— Ueber  Hispiden  und  Coccinelliden,  119,  Ab.  A, 
H.  12,  101-120. 

HYMENOPTERA.  Knoll,  F.— Ueber  honigbienen  und  blumen- 
farben,  66,  i,  349-352.  Strindberg,  H.— Einige  stadien  der  embryona- 
lentwicklung  bei  Myrmica  rubra....22,  xli,  512-21.  Ulbricht,  A.— 
Zum  lebenslauf  der  Cynips  kollari,  216,  xxvi,  211-212. 

Gahan,  A.  B. — Identity  of  "Scotioneurus  stenostigma,"  102,  xv, 
38-40.  Kieffer,  J.  J. — Description  de  nouveaux  cynipides  zoophages, 
424,  xxvi,  55-96,  1909.  Maidl,  F. — Die  Xylocopen  des  Wiener  Hof- 
museums.  Ein  beitrag  zu  einer  monographic  dieser  gattung,  64, 
xxvi,  249-330.  Schmiedeknecht,  O. — Opuscula  ichneumologica, 
fasc.  33,  Tryphoninae,  2563-2642  pp.  Tower,  D.  G. — A  new  hymen- 
opterous  parasite  of  Aspidiotus  perniciosus,  180,  vi.  125-126.  Vier- 
eck,  H.  L. — Descriptions  of  10  n.  gen.  and  23  n.  sp.  of  Ichneumon- 
flies,  50,  xliv,  555-568. 

A  PARTIAL  REVIEW. 

In  looking  over  some  recent  literature  received  at  the  Academy  ot 
Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  I  was  especially  interested  in  a 
volume  of  the  "Fauna  of  British  India,  including  Ceylon  and  tfurma, 
published  under  the  Authority  of  the  Secretary  for  India  in  Council- 
Diptera  Nematocera  (excluding  Chironomidae  and  Culicidae).  By 
E.  Brunetti." 

This  faunal  work  is  rather  extensive,  comprising  a  series  of  which 
thirty  volumes  have  been  published  to  date,  including  twenty  treating 
of  entomology,  and  is  a  credit  to  its  authors  and  editors.  The  volume 
or  part  in  question  is  the  first  one  of  the  series  to  be  devoted  to  Dip- 
tera, and  it  is  easy  to  predict,  that  if  the  following  issues  upon  this 
order  are  of  the  same  character,  the  dipterological  students  of  India 
will  have  an  excellent  treatise  on  their  fauna. 

A  monograph  of  the  Diptera  of  North  America  on  these  lines  would 


284  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  fJune»  >T3 

be  a  work  well  worthy  of  the  best  abilities  of  its  authors  and  editors. 
Surely  the  natural  history  of  India  is  not  nearly  so  well  known  as  that 
of  North  America,  and  yet,  here  is  this  "Fauna  of  British  India" 
coming  out,  of  which  entomology  is  already  the  major  portion.  Of 
course,  such  a  work  is  incomplete.  Should  we  wait  until  such  a  time 
when  it  would  be  complete?  No;  for  as  the  author  of  this  volume 
says,  "many  new  species  .  .  .  will  with  certainty  be  discovered,  but 
it  seems  reasonable  to  assume  that  for  some  little  time  to  come  the 
wants  of  the  .  .  .  student  in  the  groups  monographed  .  .  .  will  be 
tolerably  well  met  in  these  pages." 

The  preface,  glossary  and  introduction  given  in  this  part,  are  alone 
a  mine  of  information,  and  should  prove  of  interest  to  every  dip- 
terist,  especially  the  junior  students.  It  is  these  pages  that  most  in- 
terest me  and  prompt  me  to  write  this  notice.  Anyone,  reading  over 
the  introduction  can.  of  course,  see  conservative  England  in  the  auth- 
or's methods  and  ideas,  but  he  has  shown  the  independence  naturally 
developed  from  being  associated  with  persons  and  things  of  a  place 
far  away  from  the  direct  influences  of  the  mother  country.  Such  an 
author  is  compelled  to  rely  more  upon  himself,  and  his  work  is,  on 
that  account,  of  more  interest,  but  will  cause  more  criticisms,  both 
just  and  unjust.  As  to  the  work  in  question,  I  have  no  criticisms  of 
much  import  to  make,  partly  because  I  am  not  considering  the  work 
in  its  entirety.  Not  being  well  versed  in  the  Nematocera,  I  will  not 
attempt  to  review  die  systematic  part,  but  confine  myself  mainly  to 
the  introduction.  Thus  my  title,  "A  Partial  Review." 

This  introduction  is  practically  a  manual  of  dipterological  taxonomy, 
although  "a  general  introduction  to  the  whole  order  ...  is  not 
contemplated  ...  in  this  volume."  I  find  his  remarks  on  collect- 
ing and  mounting  of  the  most  interest,  especially  the  methods  of 
collecting,  which  will  prove  of  value  to  many  of  us  Americans.  I 
agree  with  him,  in  most  respects,  as  to  his  remarks  on  the  mounting, 
especially  as  to  the  objection  to  gluing  specimens  on  slips  of  cards. 
Every  specimen,  both  large  and  small,  should  be  pinned,  and  he  rightly 
recommends  pinning  through  the  pleura  obliquely  instead  of  through 
the  dorsum.  His  recommendations  in  this  respect,  will  not  appeal  to 
those  desiring  an  artistically  arranged  collection,  but  the  sooner  the 
collector  and  student  recognizes  the  advantages  of  these  methods  and 
adopts  them,  as  well  as  that  of  keeping  the  specimens  dry  and  clean, 
the  more  rapidly  will  the  study  of  this  order  progress.  I  should 
think  that  even  the  glossary  and  introduction  alone,  of  this  work,  if 
published  in  a  pamphlet  form,  would  be  a  useful  guide  to  collectors 
and  students  who  desire  to  have  material  which  will  not  be  thrown 
away  when  it  comes  to  be  worked  up  for  determinations. 

There  is  one  point  I  happen  to  notice  wherein  the  author  is  decid- 
edly wrong.  It  is  in  his  use  and  explanation  of  the  term  "praefurca," 


Vol.  Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  285 

of  which  he  says  that  Mr.  Verrall  uses  the  term  for  that  portion  of 
the  second  vein  between  its  origin  and  the  origin  of  the  third  vein, 
but  that  in  the  present  work  the  term  is  used  in  Osten  Sacken's  sense, 
who,  he  says,  applies  it  to  the  whole  of  the  second  vein  as  far  as  the 
fork,  which  is  beyond  the  origin  of  the  third  vein.  In  fact,  Yerrall 
uses  the  term  in  exactly  Osten  Sacken's  sense,  viz. :  "the  portion  of  the 
second  vein  between  its  origin  and  the  emission  of  the  third  longitud- 
inal vein."  The  portion  beyond,  to  the  fork,  Osten  Sacken  terms  the 
"petiole  of  the  first  submarginal  cell."  Tn  the  preface  the  author  ex- 
plains his  use  and  understanding  of  the  term  "cotype."  It  is  to  be 
regretted  that  he  used  this  term  at  all  for  his  species,  but  as  he  ex- 
plains his  meaning  of  the  term,  there  need  be  no  misunderstanding. 
He  is  wrongly  under  the  impression  that  his  term  "neotype"  had 
never  been  proposed  before,  but  he  fortunately  uses  it  in  practically 
the  same  sense  as  originally  proposed  by  Cossman.*  The  insertion  of 
text  figures  illustrating  the  principal  characters  of  the  species  de- 
scribed, is  an  excellent  feature,  as  it  is  in  any  work,  but  could  be 
used  less  sparingly  here  to  good  advantage,  although  the  work  is 
fairly  well  accompanied  with  good  plates.  In  his  treatment  of  some 
of  the  nomenclatorial  situations,  he  has  shown  some  of  his  indepen- 
dence and  conservativeness,  and  will  no  doubt  be  criticized  in  this 
respect  by  some  of  his  colleagues.  On  the  whole,  I  think  the  style  of 
the  work  is  excellent,  and  I  trust  the  subsequent  issues,  treating  of 
Diptera,  will  be  of  like  character. — E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 


THE  MONTHLY  BULLETIN  OF  THE  STATE  COMMISSION  OF  HORTICUL- 
TURE, Sacramento,  California,  is  a  journal  which,  since  its  initiation 
last  year,  has  been  nearly  replete  with  entomological  articles.  The 
latest  issue,  comprising  Nos.  i  and  2  of  volume  ii,  contains  more  than 
350  pages.  It  bears  the  title,  "The  Injurious  and  Beneficial  Insect* 
of  California,"  by  E.  O.  Essig.  The  number  is  profusely  illustrated 
from  drawings  and  photographs,  many  of  which  are  by  the  author 
and  are  for  the  first  time  published,  or,  have  appeared  only  in  one  or 
two  of  the  western  journals.  This  issue  should  certainly  prove  of 
value,  not  only  to  the  fruit-growers  of  California,  but  also  to  those  of 
other  states,  at  least  on  account  of  the  excellent  illustrations  which 
have  not  heretofore  appeared  in  the  literature. — E.  T.  C.  JR. 


THE  ENTOMOLOGIST'S  LOG-BOOK  AND  DICTIONARY  OF  THE  LIFE  HIS- 
TORIES AND  FOOD  PLANTS  OF  THE  BRITISH  MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA.  giving 
many  thousands  of  facts  and  data  connected  with  the  appearance  of 
the  ova,  larvae,  pupae  and  imagines;  methods  of  capture;  habitats: 
food  plants;  authorities;  synonyms;  etc.,  in  Latin  and  English  through- 
out, and  interleaved  for  private  notes.  By  ALFRED  GEORGE  SCORER,  Fel- 
low of  the  Entomological  Society;  member  of  the  Royal  Agricultural 
~*lLssais  de  Paleoconchologie  comparee,  1896,  pp.  2,  3. 


286  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [June,  '13 

College,  Cirencester;  Professional  Associate  of  the  Surveyors'  Insti- 
tution, etc.  London :  George  Routledge  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  $3.00  net. 
This  work  of  374  pages  should  prove  invaluable  for  the  student  of 
British  Lepidoptera  who  wishes  to  do  more  than  gather  together  a 
collection  and  who  desires  a  knowledge  of  the  life  history  and  habits 
of  the  species,  or  wishes  to  add  to  the  great  amount  of  knowledge  al- 
ready accumulated.  It  also  contains  many  notes  of  value  to  the  col- 
lector. It  has  a  vast  amount  of  useful  information  and  we  trust  it 
may  meet  with  the  appreciation  it  deserves. — H.  S. 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE  LEPIDOPTERA  OF 
NORTH  AMERICA,  Vol.  2,  No.  I.  Illustrations  of  Rare  and  Typical  Lepi- 
doptera. By  WILLIAM  BARNES,  B.  S.,  M.  D.,  and  J.  H.  McDuNNoucn, 
°H.D. — Plate  one  figures  and  differentiates  Mclitaca  alma  Streck.,  and 
M.  fuli'ia  Edw.  Megalhymus  stcplicnsi  Skinner,  is  also  figured.  The 
remaining  twenty  plates  figure  Heterocera,  many  of  the  illustrations 
representing  various  kinds  of  type  and  typical  material. 

Vol.  2,  No.  2. — This  is  an  exceedingly  valuable  revision  of  the  North 
American  species  of  the  Liparid  genus  Olene.  Descriptions,  notes,  etc., 
and  seven  plates  figuring  the  species  are  given.  The  half-tones  in 
this  part  are  much  better  than  some  in  previous  issues  of  the  Contri- 
butions. 

Vol.  2,  No.  3. — The  first  seven  pages  are  devoted  to  diurnals  and  some 
new  varieties  of  Argynnis  are  described,  and  also  Chlorippe  clyton  sub- 
paUida,  a  new  subspecies  from  Arizona.  Observations  are  given  in 
regard  to  other  species  or  forms  of  this  genus,  and  opinions  expressed 
thereon.  The  type  of  codes,  which  the  authors  have  not  seen,  is  in 
the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia. 
A  new  Copaeodcs,  from  Texas,  is  described  under  the  name  rayata- 
The  remainder  of  the  number  is  taken  up  with  descriptions  of  new 
moths.  Two  plates  are  devoted  to  butterflies  and  seven  to  moths.  We 
hope  the  authors  may  be  able  to  continue  these  valuable  publications 
for  a  long  time  to  come. — HENRY  SKINNER. 


Doings  of  Societies. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION,  ACADEMY  OF  NATU- 
RAL SCIENCES,  PHILADELPHIA. 

Meeting  of  January  23rd,  1913.  Mr.  Philip  Laurent,  Direc- 
tor, presided.  Seven  persons  were  present. 

Dr.  Calvert  described  a  collecting  trip  he  had  made  with 
Mr.  K.  J.  Morton,  at  Loch  Rannoch,  .in  the  Highlands  of 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  287 

Scotland,  last  July,  in  search  of  Somatochlora  arctica.  Two 
specimens  were  seen  and  one  captured.  Some  Tabanids,  a 
crane  fly  and  a  species  of  Anthomyia  were  also  taken  ;  the 
latter  was  very  annoying.  The  specimens  were  presented  to 
the  Section.  He  also  donated  two  specimens  of  an  undeter- 
mined Lampyrid  larva  from  Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Hornig  reported  rinding  many  larvae  of  an  Anthrenus 
among  the  egg  masses  of  the  Tussock  moth.  Dr.  Calvert  re- 
ferred to  the  many  moultings  of  Trogoderma  tarsale.  Mr. 
Liebeck  mentioned  putting  some  larvae  of  Anthrenus  in  an 
empty  cartridge  shell  which  was  then  tightly  closed.  A  long 
time  after,  upon  opening  it,  he  found  nothing  but  shed  larval 
skins. 

Dr.  Calvert  reported  having  reared  a  lot  of  Cule.v  larvae  and 
they  disclosed  about  equal  numbers  as  to  sex. 

Dr.  Skinner  compared  the  State  of  New  Jersey  with  that 
of  Pennsylvania  in  regard  to  the  distribution  of  butterflies  and 
said  there  was  a  number  of  species  found  in  New  Jersey  that 
were  either  absent  from  Pennsylvania  or  more  or  less  rare. 
The  following  species  illustrate  this :  Phyciodes  nycteis,  batesi, 
Junonia  cocnia,  Debia  \portlandia,  Libythea  bachmani,  Thecla 
halesus,  m-albuin,  favonius,  liparops,  damon,  augustus,  irus, 
niphon,  Chrysophanus  epixanthe,  Callidryas  eubule,  Terias  ni- 
cippe.  Pamphila,  sassacns,  metea,  attains,  mystic,  accius,  macu- 
lata,  ocola,  panoqnin,  aaroni,  hi  anna,  dion,  bimacula,  vitellius, 
viator,  Amblyscirtes  vialis,  Thanaos  lpetronius. 


Meeting  of  March  27th,  1913,  Mr.  Laurent  in  the  chair. 
Twelve  persons  were  present. 

Mr.  Kotinsky  said  he  left  Hawaii  over  three  years  ago  and 
remarked  that  in  some  particulars  the  islands  put  him  in  mind 
of  our  own  country.  He  described  the  mountain  ranges  and 
said  the  lowlands  were  totally  devoid  of  native  fauna  and 
flora,  the  animals  and  plants  now  being  of  foreign  origin.  He 
referred  to  the  hilo  grass  as  being  very  destructive  to  other 
plant  life.  Insect  life  is  abundant  but  species  are  not  numer- 
ous, Pyrameis  tammeamea  being  the  most  brilliantly  colored 


288  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  fjune'  ?I3 

insect.  Coleoptera  are  numerous  but  inconspicuous.  Cocci- 
dae  are  also  numerous,  but  there  are  probably  no  native  spe- 
cies. The  temperature  ranges  from  58  to  84  F.  and  it  is  cool 
and  pleasant  most  months  in  the  year.  Hurricanes  are  dis- 
agreeable as  is  also  the  intense  sunlight.  The  introduction  and 
spread  of  lantana  was  mentioned.  It  soon  became  a  pest  and 
was  checked  by  insect  life.  A  description  was  given  of  the 
leaf-hopper  pest  and  how  it  was  checked. 

Dr.  Calvert  referred  to  the  fact  that  a  large  percentage  of 
the  Carabidae  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  were  flightless  and  this 
also  applies  to  other  oceanic  islands.  Mr.  Rehn  said  Schisto- 
cerca  vaga  on  Clarion  Island  has  wings  only  two  thirds  as  long 
as  those  found  on  the  mainland. 

Dr.  Calvert  alluded  to  the  work  he  has  been  carrying  on  in 
relation  to  fossil  dragon-flies  in  comparison  with  living  spe- 
cies. The  very  early  remains  of  the  Carboniferous  period 
were  compared  with  recent  forms  and  the  differences  pointed 
out.  He  especially  referred  to  Phenacolestes  from  Florissant. 
The  nearer  the  nodus  is  to  the  base  of  the  wing  the  later  the 
dragon-fly  usually  is  in  geological  time.  The  venation  is  dens- 
er in  the  earlier  forms  and  in  the  later  there  is  a  smaller  num- 
ber of  veins.  The  venation  in  Ortholestes,  Lestes  and  Enal- 
laffma  was  compared  and  shown  by  enlarged  drawings. 

Mr.  Rehn  spoke  of  the  neuration  of  Protoblattina  and  the 
present  cock-roaches.  Mr.  Cresson  said  the  Tipulidae  were 
considered  to  be  quite  ancient  types  of  Diptera. 

Mr.  G.  M.  Greene  said  that  many  chestnut  trees  in  Fair- 
mount  Park  had  been  cut  down  and  from  them  on  March  23rd 
he  had  collected  Ips  fasciatus  and  other  Coleoptera. 

Mr.  West  exhibited  a  number  of  species  of  Catocala  taken 
at  Pitman  Grove,  New  Jersey.  He  took  eight  relicta  at 
Cramer  Hill,  Camden  County,  N.  J. 

Mr.  Rehn  referred  to  the  Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  State 
Commission  of  Horticulture  of  California,  Vol.  2,  Nos.  I 
and  2,  and  said  that  figure  19,  labelled  Microccntrum  lauri- 
folium,  represents  a  species  of  Scudderia. 

HENRY  SKINNER,  Recorder. 


The  Celebrated  Original  Dust  and  Pest-Proof 

METAL  CASES 

FOR  SCHMITT  BOXES 

Described  in  "ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,"  page  177,  Vol.  XV 

These  cabinets  are  the  best  and  safest  ever  designed  for  the  preservation 
of  insects.  They  are  used  by  the  leading  museums  in  the  United  States.  Send 
for  our  illustrated  booklet  describing  them. 

BROCK  BROS.,  Harvard  Square,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
JUST  PUBLISHED 

CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  NATURAL 
HISTORY  OF  THE  LEPIDOPTERA  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 

By  WM.  BARNES,  S.B.,  M.D.,  and  J.  McDUNNOUGH,  Ph.D. 

Volume  I.  —  No.  i.  —  Revision  of  the  Cossidae.  35  pp.,  7  plates  .....  $1-50 
No.  2.  —  The  Lasiocampid  genera  Gloveria  and  its  allies. 

17  pp.,  4  pis  .....................    i  oo 

No.  3.  —  Revision  of  the  Megathymidae.  43  pp.,  6  plates  .  .  1.25 
No.  4.  —  Illustrations  of  Rare  and  Typical  Lepidoptera..  57 

PP-,  27  pis  ..................    3.50 

No.  5.  —  Fifty  New  Species  ;  Notes  on  the  Genus  Alpheias. 

44  PP-,  5P1-    ...       ..............  ,  .   .    1.50 

No.  6.  —  On  the  Generic  Types  of  North  American  Diurnal 

Lepidoptera.     13  pp  ..................  50 

To  be  obtained  from 

DR.  WM.   BARNES       -       -       DECATUR,   ILL. 


FOR    SALE     cycftrus  andrfwsi,guyoti,cana(iensis<bicarinatus,aeneicollis,irregularis, 
Domaretus  imperfectus,  Corymbites  longicornis,  trivittatus  ,  Anthophylax 
hoffmani  and  many  other  rare  Coleoptera  from  the  Black  Mountains,  North  Carolina. 


WM.   BEUTENMUIXER,   870  Whitlock   Avenue,   Bronx,   New  York,   N.   Y. 

THE  "ENTOMOLOGIST'S  MONTHLY  MAGAZINE"-a  journal  devoted  to  general 
Entomology,  started  in  1864,  and  now  edited  by  G.  C.  Champion,  J.  E.  Collin,  \V.  W.  Fowler,  R. 
W.  Lloyd,  G.  T.  Porritt  and  J.  J.  Walker.  It  contains  descriptions  of  new  genera  and  species, 
in  all  Orders  (British  and  foreign),  life  histories,  reviews  of  new  works,  etc.,  and  is  illustrated 
by  at  least  two  chromo-lithographic  plates  per  annum.  Vol.  xlix  (xxiv  of  the  second  series)  was 
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K-S  Specialties  Entomology 

THE  KNY-SCHEERER  COMPANY 

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North  American  and  Exotic  Insects  of  all  orders  in  perfect  condition 
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INSECT  BOXES — We  have  given  special  attention  to  the  manufacture  of  insect  cases  and  can 
guarantee  our  cases  to  be  of  the  best  quality  and  workmanship  obtainable. 

NS/3085— Plain  Boxes  for  Duplicates— Pastebonrd  boxes,  com- 
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These  boxes  are  of  heavy  pasteboard  and  more  carefully 
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Size   10x12  in.,  lined  with   compressed  turf   (peat). 

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Per  dozen  6.00 

Caution  : — Cheap  imitations  are  sold.    See  our  name  and  address  NS/wji 

in  corner  of  cover. 

(For  exhibition  purposes)     NS/3,2,_K.S    Exh|b|tion  Ca8e$>  wooden  boxeS)  glass  cover 

fitting  very  tightly,  compressed  cork  or  peat  lined,  cov- 
ered inside  with  white  glazed  paper.  Class  A.  Stained 
imitation  oak,  cherry  or  walnut. 

Size   8x11x2%  in.  (or  to  order,  8%xio%x2%  in.) $0.70 

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Metamorphoses  of  insects. 

We  manufacture  all  kinds  of  insect  boxes  and  cases  (Schmitt  insect  boxes 
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Rare  insects  bought  and  sold. 

When  Writing  Pleane  mention  "Entomological  Mews." 

P.  C.  atockhausen.  Printer,  53-55  NY.  7tli  Street,  Philadelphia. 


JULY,  1913. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXIV.  No.  7. 


Titian  Ramsey  Peale   (1800-1885). 


PHILIP   P.  CALVERT,  Ph.D.,  Editor. 
E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR.,  Associate  Editor. 

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ADVISORY  COMMITTEE: 

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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  IX. 


SIR   JOHN    LUBBOCK,    LORD   AVEBURY. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY   OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL.     XXIV. 


JULY,   1913. 


No.  7. 


CONTENTS: 


Sir  John  Lubbock,  Lord  Avebury 289 

Johnson— On  the  Criorhina  intersist- 

ens  Walker  and  an  allied  species 

(Dipt.) 293 

Cockerell— The  First  Fossil  Anthom- 

yid  Fly  from  Florissant  (Dipt.) 295 

Nakahara — On  three  new  species  of 

Myrmeleonidae    from    Japan     and 

Formosa  ( Neur.  Planip.) 297 

Holland — A  new  Lycaenid  from  Kame- 

run,  West  Africa  (Lep.) 301 

Skinner— How  does  the  House-fly  pass 

the  Winter  ( Dipt. ) 303 

Charts  of  Food  Plants  of  Lepidoptera  304 
Reiff— Some  new  forms  of  Lepidoptera 

from  Massachusetts 305 

Calvert— The  Species  of  Nehalennia 

(Odonata) 310 

Mengel— A  new  Erycinid  from  South 

America  (Lepid.) 316 

Cresson— Descriptions  of  two  new  spe- 


cies of  the  Dipterous  Genera  Chae- 
topsis  and  Stenomyia,  with  notes 
on  other  species 317 

Obituary — Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  F.  Stidham. .  321 

Grasshopper  Army  Moving  Eastward 

(Orthop.) 322 

Girault— Fragments  on  North  Ameri- 
can Insects — V  (Orth.,  Lep.) 323 

Editorial  325 

Skinner — Limenitis  Ursula  var.  albofas- 
ciata  Newcomb  (Lepid.) 326 

Girault— A  Specific  Character  in  the 
Genus  Trichogramma  (Hymen.)...  326 

Bethune-Baker—  Everes  aymntula  and 
comyntas  (Lepid.")  327 

Members  of  the  International  Commis- 
sion of  Zoological  Nomenclature  . .  328 

Entomological  Literature 329 

Review  of  Jacobi's  Mimikry  und  ver- 
wandte  Erscheinungen 334 

Feldman  Collecting  Social 336 


Sir  John  Lubbock,  Lord  Avebury. 

(Portrait,  Plate  IX.) 

In  the  death  of  Lord  Avebury,  on  May  28,  there  passed 
away  the  youngest,  but  not  the  last,  of  that  group  of  famous 
English  naturalists  intimately  associated  with  Darwin  and  the 
promulgation  of  his  theories.  For  it  was  to  Lubbock  that 
Darwin  wrote  on  November  15,  1859,  after  the  appearance  of 
the  Origin  of  Species:  "I  care  not  for  Reviews;  but  for  the 
opinion  of  men  like  you  and  Hooker  and  Huxley  and  Lyell, 
etc."  Lubbock  too  was  present  at  the  famous  meeting  of  the 
British  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  in  the 
University  Museum,  Oxford,  June  30,  1860,  at  which  the  new 
views  were  under  discussion,  and  spoke  in  their  support. 
Huxley,  months  before,  in  a  letter  to  Leuckart,  January  30. 
1859,  had  referred  to  him  as  "my  friend,  Mr.  Lubbock  (a 
very  competent  worker,  with  whose  paper  on  Daphnia  you 
are  doubtless  acquainted)."  Still  earlier,  the  entomological 
intercourse  of  Darwin  and  Lubbock  is  attested  by  a  letter 
from  the  former  to  the  latter,  before  1857: 

289 


290  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    'l3 

I  do  not  know  whether  you  care  about  beetles,  but  for  the  chance 

I  send  this  in  a  bottle,  which  T  never  remember  having  seen 

I  feel  like  an  old  war  horse  at  the  sound  of  the  trumpet  when  I  read 
about  the  capturing  of  rare  beetles — is  not  this  a  magnanimous  simile 
for  a  decayed  entomologist? — It  really  almost  makes  me  long  to  be- 
gin collecting  again. 

Son,  grandson  and  greatgrandson  of  three  baronets,  all 
bankers,  Lubbock  was  born  in  London,  April  30,  1834.  He 
was  an  Eton  scholar,  but  not  a  University  man,  entering  his 
father's  banking  house  at  the  age  of  fourteen.  Of  this  firm, 
Robarts,  Lubbock  &  Co.,  established  about  1750,  he  subse- 
quently became  head.  He  took  an  active  part  in  introducing 
new  clearing  systems,  improving  the  personnel  of  banking 
staffs  and  at  various  times  was  Secretary  or  President  of  the 
London  Bankers,  Associated  Chambers  of  Commerce,  Central 
Association  of  English  Bankers  and  the  London  Chamber  of 
Commerce. 

In  1870  he  entered  the  House  of  Commons,  serving  as 
member  for  Maidstone,  Kent,  until  1880,  when,  defeated  in 
that  borough,  he  was  elected  to  represent  the  University  of 
London  until  1890.  While  in  Parliament  he  secured  the  pas- 
sage of  many  acts  having  in  view  the  improvement  of  the 
working  classes,  the  best  known  among  these  being  that  es- 
tablishing the  "bank  holidays." 

But  it  is  with  his  career  as  an  entomologist  that  we  are  con- 
cerned. In  the  list  of  his  own  papers  on  "the  Annulosa  and 
especially  of  Insects,"  in  the  preface  to  the  1895  edition  of 
On  the  Origin  and  Metamorphoses  of  Insects,  the  first  title  is 
On  Labidocera,  1853.  The  list  exhibits  the  range  of  his  ento- 
mological activity.  Thus  there  are  general  papers,  such  as 
On  the  Respiration  of  Insects,  1857 ;  On  the  Ova  and  Pseud- 
ova  of  Insects,  1858 ;  On  the  Distribution  of  Tracheae  in  In- 
sects, 1860;  On  the  Generative.  Organs  and  on  the  Formation 
of  the  Egg  in  Annulosa,  1861  ;  Metamorphoses  of  Insects, 
1866,  and  On  the  Origin  of  Insects,  1871,  in  which  last  he 
agreed  with  Brauer  in  considering  Cam^podea  as  the  form  most 
nearly  approaching  the  ideal  stem-form  of  the  Insecta. 

On  the  Origin  and  Metamorphoses  of  Insects  (first  edition 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  2QI 

1873,  reprinted  1874,  1883,  1890,  1895),  quoted  in  the  German 
text-books  on  anatomy  and  embryology  of  invertebrates,  sum- 
med up  those  parts  of  his  previous  researches  which  were  of 
a  more  general  character,  having  reference  to  the  nature  of 
metamorphoses  and  to  the  origin  of  insects.  It  was  published 
first  in  Nature  and  later,  with  some  additions,  in  book  form. 
It  was  one  of  the  earliest  applications  in  English  of  the  the- 
ories of  evolution  and  of  natural  selection  to  the  main  char- 
acteristics of  insect  life  and  development. 

Lubbock  tells  us  in  his  Monograph  of  the  Collembola  and 
Thysanura  (London,  Ray  Society,  1873)  that  in  1863  he  pub- 
lished his 

first  memoir  on  the  Collembola,  which  was  followed  by  a  second 
in  the  year  following,  a  third  in  1867,  and  a  fourth  in  1869.  In  these 
memoirs  I  have  recorded  about  sixty  species  and  have  given  some  ac- 
count of  their  habits  and  anatomy.  As  regards  the  latter,  I  differed 
in  many  important  points  from  Nicolet,  to  whom  we  were  indebted  for 
the  first  account  of  their  internal  organization.  For  instance,  as  re- 
gards the  digestive  organs,  I  found  myself  compelled  to  question  the 
presence  of  Malpighian  vessels.  Again,  with  the  exception  of  Stnyn- 
thurus,  I  found  to  my  surprise  that  the  Collembola  had  no  tracheae, 
while  Nicolet  figured  a  complete  system  of  them  in  Podura,  and  ap- 
parently considered  that  a  similar  arrangement  prevailed  throughout 

the  group  (p.  29) We  must,  indeed,  in  my  opinion,  separate 

them  f Thysanura  and  Collembola]  entirely  from  one  another;  and  I 
have  proposed  for  the  group  comprised  in  the  old  genus  Podura  the 
term  COLLEMBOLA,  as  indicating  the  existence  of  a  projection  or  mam- 
milla enabling  the  creature  to  attach  or  glue  itself  to  the  body  on  which 

it  stands    (p.  36) So   far  as  T  am  aware,  no  naturalist  had 

given  any  account  of  the  muscular  system  of  the  Collembola  before  the 
publication  of  my  papers  in  the  Linnean  Transactions.  With  patience 
and  spirits  of  wine,  however,  I  have  been  able  to  make  out  the  princi- 
pal muscles  pretty  clearly  (pp.  89,  90). 

Two  papers,  On  the  Development  of  Chloeon  (1863.  1865), 
made  known  the  long-  larval  life  of  twenty  stages  of  this 
May-fly.  The  Lepidoptera  are  represented  by  On  the  Ar- 
rangement of  the  Cutaneous  Muscles  of  P\  go-era  buccphala, 
1858,  and  On  the  Colors  of  Caterpillars,  1878;  the  Hemiptera 
by  On  Coccus  Hesperidum,  1858;  the  Diptera  by  On  the  De- 
velopment of  Lonchoptera,  1862. 


292  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

On  Two  Aquatic  Hymenoptera,  1863,  announced  the  dis- 
covery of  Polynema  natans  and  Prestwichia  aquatica,  both  of 
which  swim  completely  submerged,  the  former  by  means  of 
its  wings,  the  latter  by  its  legs.  The  first  of  a  series  of  ten 
Observations  on  Ants,  Bees  and  Wasps  appeared  in  the  Jour- 
nal of  the  Linncan  Society  for  1873  and  continued  until  1882. 
Their  results  were  gathered  into  the  well-known  volume, 
Ants,  Bees  and  Wasps  (1884),  in  the  International  Scientific 
Series.  In  the  preface  to  this  last  he  says : 

The  principal  point  in  which  my  mode  of  experimenting  has  dif- 
fered from  that  of  previous  observers  has  been  that  I  have  carefully 
marked  and  watched  particular  insects ;  and  secondly,  that  I  have  had 
nests  under  observation  for  long  periods.  No  one  before  had  ever 
kept  an  ant's  nest  for  more  than  a  few  months.  I  have  one  now  in  my 
room  which  has  been  under  constant  observation  ever  since  1874,  i.  e., 
for  more  than  seven  years. 

The  International  Scientific  Series  includes  another  volume 
by  Lubbock,  On  the  Senses,  Instincts  and  Intelligence  of  Ani- 
mals with  Special  Reference  to  Insects  (1888). 

His  scientific  interests  did  not  stop  here.  Three  volumes 
are  concerned  with  British  Wild  Flowers  considered  in  rela- 
tion to  Insects,  On  Seedlings,  and  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Leaves. 
Ethnology  and  archaeology  early  attracted  him  and  he  pro- 
duced Prehistoric  Times  as  illustrated  by  Ancient  Remains 
and  the  Manners  and  Customs  of  Modern  Salvages,  1865,  and 
The  Origin  of  Civilisation  and  the  Primitive  Condition  of 
Man.  When  he  was  raised  to  the  peerage  in  1900,  his  title 
was  taken  from  the  temple  of  Avebury  in  Wiltshire,  the 
greatest  of  all  so-called  Druidical  monuments,  which  "appears 
to  have  been  the  finest  megalithic  ruin  in  Europe." 

Better  known  of  his  books  are  The  Use  of  Life,  The  Beau- 
ties of  Nature  and  The  Pleasures  of  Life,  which  have  had  a 
wide  circulation,  it  being  stated  of  the  last-named  as  long  ago 
as  1900  that  it  had  gone  through  thirty-seven  editions  in 
Great  Britain  and  twenty-five  abroad,  and,  more  recently, 
that  259,000  copies  had  been  sold.  Still  other  volumes  are 
his  Scientific  Lectures,  Political  and  Educational  Addresses 
and  Fifty  Years  of  Science  (1881). 

Space  is  lacking  to  enumerate  the  numerous  financial  and 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  293 

educational  public  services  which  he  rendered  and  the  scien- 
tific societies  which  bore  his  name  on  their  rolls.  "The  won- 
der is  that  he  was  excellent  in  so  many  directions,  surpassing 
those  who  had  given  their  lives  to  but  one  of  his  many  in- 
terests." 

He  was  twice  married  and  is  survived  by  six  sons  and  four 
daughters.  P.  P.  C. 

(In  response  to  a  request  for  biographical  data  from  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  of  which  he  was  a  correspondent, 
Lord  Avebury  once  sent  a  copy  of  The  South  American  Journal,  Lon- 
don, for  February  24,  1900,  containing  a  sketch  of  his  life.  From  this 
sketch  we  have  obtained  many  particulars.) 


On  the  Criorhina  intersistens  Walker  and  an  Allied 

Species    (Dipt.). 
By  CHARLES  W.  JOHNSON,  Boston,  Mass. 

For  a  number  of  years  there  has  been  considerable  confu- 
sion regarding  the  standing  of  Xylota  badia  and  Eristalis 
intersistens  Walker.  In  the  collections  under  my  charge  and 
probably  in  the  collections  of  others  this  confusion  is  due  to 
the  presence  of  two  species,  the  females  of  which  closely  re- 
semble each  other. 

That  Walker's  descriptions  refer  to  one  and  the  same  spe- 
cies is  very  evident,  notwithstanding  the  absence  of  the  facial 
stripe  in  the  description  of  X.  badia. 

Female  :  Body  brassy,  head  covered  with  pale  tawny  down  *  *  chest 
thickly  clothed  with  long,  pale  tawny  hairs ;  abdomen  black,  clothed 
with  short  hoary  hairs,  yellow  on  each  side  of  base  and  thence  in  two 
narrow  stripes  beyond  the  middle  legs  pitchy ;  thighs  pale  yellow 
towards  the  base,  knees  and  extremities  of  shanks  yellow,  feet  tawny, 
hind  feet  pitchy,  tawny  at  the  base  *  *  Length  of  the  body  4  lines. 
New  York.  (List  Dipt.  Brit.  Mus.  pt.  Ill,  p.  559). 

The  description  of  E.  intersistens  (sex  not  given)  is  essen- 
tially as  follows : 

Body  black,  head  clothed  with  whitish  hairs  and  down,  pale  yellow 
with  three  black  stripes  in  front  '  *  chest  and  breast  brassy  green 
clothed  with  tawny  hairs;  abdomen  elliptical  *  *  thinly  clothed  with 
tawny  hairs ;  sides  irregularly  tawny  for  more  than  half  the  length 


294  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

from  the  base ;  legs  tawny,  hips  black,  a  broad  black  band  across  each 
thigh  and  shank;  feet  pitchy,  tawny  at  base.  Length  4l/>-$  lines. 
Trenton  Falls,  N.  Y.  (List  Dipt.  Brit.  Mus.  pt.  Ill,  P-  615). 

The  three  black  stripes  evidently  refer  to  the  facial  stripe 
and  cheeks. 

It  seems  therefore  evident  that  badia,  on  page  559,  should 
be  used  instead  of  intersistens  on  page  615.  In  regard  to  the 
genus,  as  I  pointed  out  in  Psyche  (Vol.  XVIII,  p.  73,  1911) 
Blcra  Billberg  1820  (Type  Musca  fallax  Linne),  antedates 
Criorhina  Meigen,  1822  (Type  Syrphus  asilicus  Fallen).  At 
the  time,  I  advanced  this  name  chiefly  to  offset  Penthesilia 
Meigen,  1800  (no  species  mentioned).  On  the  other  hand, 
recognizing  Criorhina  to  include  only  the  large  pilose  species 
as  is  done  by  European  authors  and  by  Williston  in  his  synop- 
sis of  the  North  American  Syrphidae,  then  Cynorhina  Will, 
becomes  a  synonym  of  Blera.  In  any  event  I  cannot  see  how 
we  can  ignore  Blera  as  the  author's  intention  is  very  clear. 

Blera  confusa  sp.  n. 

Male.  Face  yellow  covered  with  yellowish  pollen,  vertical  triangle, 
antennal  process,  facial  stripe  and  cheeks,  shining  black;  occiput  black, 
margins  grayish  ppllinose,  with  long  whitish  hairs ;  proboscis  and  the 
first  and  second  joints  of  the  antennae  black,  the  third  joint  and  the 
arista  brown.  Thorax  greenish  black,  shining,  with  long  dull  yellow- 
ish pile,  humeri  grayish  pollinose.  Abdomen  black  with  a  bluish  re- 
flection in  certain  lights ;  sides  of  the  second  and  third  segments  with 
large  yellow  triangles,  those  on  the  second  larger  and  less  regular 
than  those  on  the  third ;  fourth  segment  with  small  yellow  triangles 
at  the  anterior  angles ;  pile  yellowish  except  on  the  black  areas  of  the 
second  and  third  segments  where  it  is  black;  venter  with  the  second 
and  third  segments  yellow.  Halteres  yellow.  Legs  black,  tops  of  the 
femora,  bases  and  tips  of  all  the  tibiae,  and  the  first  three  joints  of  the 
anterior  and  middle  tarsi  yellow.  Wings  brownish  hyaline,  veins  dark 
thrown.  Length  10  mm. 

Female.  Similar  to  the  male,  except  that  the  yellow  triangles  on  the 
third  abdominal  segment  are  much  smaller  and  scarcely  dorsal  be- 
yond the  posterior  margin  of  the  one  on  the  second  segment,  third 
with  only  a  yellow  spot  at  the  anterior  angle,  pile  dull  yellow  or  gray 
mixed  with  black  dorsally  near  the  posterior  margins  of  the  segments, 
venter  with  only  the  second  segment  yellow.  Front  black,  shining, 
slightly  covered  with  a  grayish  pollen  and  whitish  hairs.  Length  11  mm. 

Eleven  specimens.     Holotype  and  allotype,  Capens,  Moose- 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

head  Lake,  Maine,  July  14  and  19,  1907  (C.  W.  Johnson),  in 
the  collection  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History. 

Paratypes,  Princeton,  Maine,  July  12,  1909;  Franconia,  New 
Hampshire  (Mrs.  A.  T.  Slosson)  ;  White  Mountains,  near 
Glen  House  (Dr.  Geo.  Dimmock)  ;  Ricketts,  North  Mt,  Penn- 
sylvania, June  8,  1898  (C.  W.  J.). 

Readily  separated  from  B.  badia  by  its  less  prominent  an- 
tennal  process,  the  black  middle  and  posterior  femora,  and 
the  large  yellow  triangular  markings  on  the  third  abdominal 
segment,  especially  in  the  male.  It  is  a  species  belonging  to 
the  Canadian  zone,  while  B.  badia  practically  belongs  to  the 
transition  zone  and  is  only  occasionally  taken  in  areas  fre- 
quented by  a  few  species  found  in  both  zones. 

Thirteen  specimens  of  B.  badia  show  the  following  distri- 
bution: Northeast  Harbor,  Maine,  July  19,  1909  (Dr.  C.  S. 
Minot)  ;  Franconia,  New  Hampshire  (Mrs.  Slosson)  ;  Man- 
chester, Vermont,  June  9;  Auburndale,  June  15,  North 
Adams,  June  14,  and  Mt.  Everett,  Massachusetts,  June  28; 
Darien,  Conn.,  June  10;  Philadelphia,  June  30;  Edge  Hill, 
June  5,  and  North  Mt.,  Pennsylvania,  June  8  (C.  W.  J.). 


The   First    Fossil    Anthomyid    Fly   from    Florissant 

(Dipt.). 

By  T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL,  Boulder,  Colorado. 

Anthomyia   (sens,  lat.)   atavella  n.  sp. 

Length  nearly  6  mm.,  of  wing  4.25 ;  robust,  bristly ;  the  head,  thorax 
and  legs  were  apparently  black;  the  abdomen  as  preserved  is  warm 
reddish,  with  the  sutures  pallid,  it  was  probably  brown ;  wings  per- 
fectly clear,  veins  dark.  Top  of  head  with  large  bristles  directed  for- 
ward, as  in  Lispa  uliyinosa ;  palpi  about  480  /*  long  and  80  broad  near 
end,  feebly  clavate,  with  bristles  not  longer  than  diameter  of  palpus 
(these  palpi  are  essentially  as  in  Hyctodcsia  Iciiconun)  ;  thorax  ele- 
vated, scutellum  prominent,  dorsal  thoracic  macrochaetae  very  large, 
one  near  base  of  wing  over  640  P  long,  the  long  bristles  and  short 
hairs  apparently  practically  as  in  Hyctodcsia,  but  the  precise  arrange- 
ment cannot  be  made  out ;  four  very  large  macrochaetae  can  be  seen 
in  the  longitudinal  subdorsal  row,  before  the  scutellum  ;  abdomen  with 
thinly  scattered  bristles,  the  largest  in  a  row  near  the  hind  margins  of 
the  segments,  these  being  about  350  P-  long,  the  arrangement  very 
nearly  as  in  the  Muscid  Myiospila  inctlitnlntiulii ;  legs  bristly,  the  hind 


296  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Juty'    ?I3 

femora  with  a  row  of  large  erect  bristles  on  the  upper  side  as  in 
Hyetodcsia  leucorum;  costa  densely  beset  with  very  short  black  bris- 
tles ;  auxiliary  vein  reaching  costa  about  1600  P-  from  base  of  wing, 
running  close  to  first  vein  for  about  1215  !J-,  then  rapidly  leaving  it, 
but  the  bend  not  very  abrupt;  first  vein  not  especially  thickened,  reach- 
ing costa  about  480  P-  beyond  end  of  auxiliary ;  second  vein  little  arch- 
ed, it  and  the  third  ending  as  in  Lasiops  spiniger ;  anterior  cross-vein 
about  830  from  end  of  discal  cell,  and  about  1040  from  its  base; 
outer  side  of  discal  cell  quite  straight;  fourth  vein  beyond  the  discal 
cell  gently  arched  upwards,  and  then  near  the  end  with  a  short  curve 
downwards. 

Miocene  shales  of  Florissant,  Colorado,  Station  13  (W.  P. 
Cockerell).  I  cannot  make  out  the  squamae,  but  after  close 
study  and  comparisons  (especially  with  Cordyluridae)  I  am 
satisfied  that  this  is  a  genuine  Anthomyiid,  the  first  to  be 
described  from  Florissant.  It  is  hardly  possible  to  place  it  in 
a  modern  restricted  genus,  the  characters  used  as  generic  be- 
ing in  large  part  invisible. 

Scudder  described  two  flies  assigned  to  Anthomyia  from  the 
tertiary  strata  at  Quesnel,  British  Columbia ;  these  may  be 
separated  from  A.  atavella  as  follows: 

Apical  side  of  discal  cell  about  as  long  as  its  side  on  first  posterior  (as 

in  Lasiops,  Hyetodesia,  and  most  modern  forms)  A.  burgessi  Scudd. 
Apical  side  of  discal  cell  much  shorter  than  its  side  on  first  posterior 

(a  Scatophaga-like   characters)    I 

i.  Wing  4.25  mm.  long;  at  level  of  end  of  discal  cell,  first  posterior 

twice  as  wide  as  submarginal  cell   (Hyetodesia  approaches  this) 

A.  atavella  Ckll. 
Wing  6.2  mm.  long;  at  level  of  end  of  discal  cell,  first  posterior  not 

much  wider  than  submarginal  (as  in  Homalomyia) 

A.  inanimata  Scudd. 

In  all  these  American  fossils  the  upper  apical  corner  of  the 
discal  cell  is  practically  a  right  angle,  as  in  Lasiops  and  Homa- 
lomyia; in  the  three  species  described  as  Anthomyia  by  Heer 
from  Europe  (Radoboj)  this  angle  is  very  acute,  as  in  Ham- 
momyia  and  Hydrolphoria.  Is  it  possible  that  this  difference 
distinguishes  the  American  and  Palaearctic  Anthomyidae  of 
mid-tertiary  times,  one  set  of  genera  having  evolved  during 
the  Eocene  or  earlier  in  America,  the  other  in  the  Old  World? 
To-day,  of  course,  the  two  series  are  inextricably  mixed  in  the 
northern  faunae. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  297 

On  Three  new  Species  of  Myrmeleonidae  from  Japan 
and  Formosa  (Neur.  Planip.). 

By  WARO  NAKAHARA,  Tokyo,  Japan. 

On  studying  my  collection  of  Myrmeleonidae,  I  have  dis- 
covered a  number  of  specimens  from  Japan  and  Formosa 
which  seem  to  represent  three  new  species,  and  so  I  propose 
to  describe  them  in  the  present  paper. 

Acanthaclisis   kawaii    n.    sp. 

Fuscous  with  gray  villosity.  Face  yellowish-white,  palpi  and  base  of 
antennae  yellow;  antennae  short,  stout  and  black;  maxillary  palpi  yel- 
low, slender  and  cylindrical ;  labial  palpi  nearly  ochraceous,  especially 
the  last  joint,  and  very  long;  vertex  fuscous  black  with  two  elevations, 
separated  by  a  middle  impression,  anteriorly  with  an  ochraceous  band. 

Prothorax  quadrangular  with  two  transverse  impressions,  front  mar- 
gin about  straight  but  slightly  impressed  in  the  middle,  fuscous  black 
with  seven  irregular  grayish  longitudinal  lines  above,  under  side  whit- 
ish yellow ;  a  small  depression  exists  near  the  mesothorax ;  above 
clothed  with  black  hairs,  but  underside  with  long,  white  ones.  Meso- 
and  metathorax  also  fuscous-black,  with  some  reddish-yellow  spots 
above,  metathorax  and  the  underside  of  both  segments  clothed  with 
very  long  and  silvery  white  hairs. 

Abdomen  deep  grayish-black,  hind  margins  of  last  four  segments 
brown,  the  first  one  of  them  with  a  yellowish-brown  spot  on  each  pos- 
terior corner;  underside  yellow,  basal  half  of  segments  mostly  dark 
yellow,  and  a  few  basal  segments  clothed  with  long  white  hairs.  In 
the  female,  the  last  segment  short,  split  below,  near  the  ventral  mar- 
gin with  one  long  shining  cylindrical  appendage  with  black  hairs ;  ad- 
ditional short  segments  with  black  hairs  and  spines,  consist  two  plates. 

Fore-leg  black  with  very  long  white  hairs ;  coxae  and  basal  part  of 
femora  light  ochraceous ;  femora  mostly  black  ;  tibia  black  with  some 
brownish  spots  and  a  long  testaceous  spur;  claws  testaceous.  Middle- 
leg  nearly  as  in  the  fore-leg,  but  the  brownish  spots  of  tibia  are  more 
yellowish  and  much  larger.  Hind-leg  pale,  with  few  hairs ;  coxae  and 
femora  light  brown;  the  inner  side  of  tibia  black,  but  the  outer  side 
whitish. 

Wings  semi-vitreous,  neuration  yellow,  strongly  streaked  and 
spotted  with  black.  In  the  fore-wing  the  costal  area  is  occupied  by  two 
regular  rows  of  pentagonal  cellules,  those  of  the  upper  row  slightly 
smaller  than  those  of  the  lower;  pterostigma  milk-white,  and  not 
marked  with  any  color. 

Length  of  body,  40  mm.;  fore-wing,  53  mm.;  hind-wing,  47  mm.; 
antennae,  9  mm. 


298  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '13 

A  single  female  specimen  I  owe  to  the  kindness  of  my 
friend,  Mr.  S.  Kawai.  This  specimen  was  captured  by  one 
of  his  friends  at  Banshoryo,  Formosa,  at  the  end  of  Septem- 
ber last  year. 

This  species  is  allied  to  Hagen's  A.  japonica,  but  it  differs 
in  many  respects,  especially  in  the  color  of  the  ventral  side  of 
the  abdomen. 

Formicaleo  esakii  n.  sp. 

Blackish.  Face  and  palpi  yellow,  the  last  joint  of  labial  palpi  ochra- 
ceous.  Antennae  fuscous  black,  anterior  margin  of  most  of  the 
joints  narrowly  yellowish,  basal  joint  yellow  with  a  narrow  fuscous 
ring  in  the  middle.  Vertex  black  and  swollen,  with  a  few  yellowish 
brown  spots  on  the  hind  margin. 

Prothorax  longer  than  broad,  little  narrower  in  front,  with  a  trans- 
verse impression  anteriorly  and  broad  concave  space  posteriorly ;  both 
anterior  corners  yellowish  brown,  and  from  this  spot  a  narrow  longi- 
tudinal line  runs  toward  the  hind  margin  ;  median  brown  line  scarcely 
seen  in  front.  Meso-  and  metathorax  dull  black ;  on  the  meso-thorax 
there  is  a  yellow  spot  before  the  base  of  the  fore-wing;  lateral  surfaces 
irregularly  ochraceous. 

Abdomen  black ;  the  third  segment  with  two  yellowish  bands,  one 
anterior  and  another  along  the  posterior  margin ;  the  fourth  and  fifth 
segments  with  a  yellowish  band  near  the  anterior  margin ;  a  large  yel- 
low spot  exists  on  the  sixth  segment  and  also  a  small  one  near  the 
posterior  margin  along  both  sides ;  anterior  half  of  seventh  segment 
yellow,  posterior  sides  also  yellow.  A  few  of  terminal  segments  are 
yellowish  in  ventral  side.  Genital  parts  are  quite  imperfect  in  my 
specimen ;  additional  segments  mostly  yellow. 

Fore-leg  dark;  outer  side  of  coxae  black,  but  inner  side  pale  yellow; 
femora  yellowish,  outer  side  a  little  ochraceous  and  extremity  black; 
tibia  also  yellowish  with  three  broad  black  or  ochraceous  rings ;  spurs 
ochraceous,  long  and  curved.  Middle-leg  yellowish ;  tibia  with  a  longi- 
tudinal narrow  blackish  line  and  two  broad,  black  rings.  Hind-leg  also 
yellowish ;  femora  with  many  strong  black  spines,  not  hairs  only ;  tibia 
with  two  broad  black  rings,  one  near  the  base  and  another  in  the  ex- 
tremity. Tarsal  joints  of  all  the  legs  yellowish  except  the  last  joint 
black  in  each  leg;  claws  all  testaceous  and  curved. 

Wings  elongated ;  hind-wing  much  shorter  and  more  acute  than 
fore-wing;  vitreous  with  a  fuscous  spot  near  the  termination  of  the 
cubital  vein  in  the  fore-wing.  Neuration  mostly  black,  interrupted 
with  yellow  or  milky  white ;  costal  transversals  mostly  black,  but  pale 
near  the  base  of  the  wings.  Some  small  light  fuscous  spots,  four  of 
them  in  a  row,  exist  near  the  apex  of  fore-wing  as  well  as  of  hind- 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  299 

wing  very  slightly;  a  very  small,  but  deeply  colored  spot  exists  near 
the  hind  margin  of  hind  wing.  Pterostigma  grayish  white,  marked  with 
fuscous  black. 

Length  of  body,  33  mm. ;  fore-wing,  38  mm. ;  hind-wing,  36  mm. ;  an- 
tenna, 8  mm. 

I  received  a  male  specimen  from  my  friend,  Mr.  T.  Esaki, 
who  captured  it  on  the  night  of  August  24,  1911,  when  he  was 
traveling  through  the  northern  part  of  the  main  island  of 
Japan.  He  told  me  that  the  specimen  had  flown  in  at  the 
window  of  the  train  by  which  he  was  traveling  near  the  town 
of  Taira,  attracted  by  the  light. 

This  species  is  allied  to  Formicaleo  contubernalis  McL., 
but,  as  stated  above,  its  vertex  is  without  spot,  while  that  of 
contubernalis  has  numerous  small  orange-yellow  spots ;  hind 
leg  of  the  former  with  strong  black  spines,  while  that  of  the 
latter  has  long  white  hairs  only ;  pterostigma  of  the  former  Is 
distinctly  marked  with  fuscous  black,  and  the  costal  trans- 
verse veins  mostly  black,  while  those  of  the  latter  are  indis- 
tinct and  wholly  pale.  Moreover,  the  markings  of  the  ab- 
domen readily  separate  the  two,  because  in  the  present  species 
the  second  segment  is  without  spot  except  that  of  the  hind 
margin,  and  the  third  segment  has  one  broad  band  in  addition 
to  that  of  the  hind  margin,  while  both  the  segments  of  con- 
tubernalis have  a  narrow  interrupted  dorsal  orange-yellow 
line,  and  the  sides  of  the  third  with  the  same  colored  spots. 

With  the  above  differences,  I  doubt  not  that,  although  allied, 
the  two  are  distinct. 

Myrmeleon    ochraceopennis    n.    sp. 

Face  above  the  epistome  blackish  brown,  shining ;  an  obscure  and 
irregular  impressed  spot  in  the  middle  between  the  antennae;  mouth 
and  a  ring  around  eye  yellowish,  the  latter  often  interrupted.  Maxillary 
palpi  thin,  fulvous  brown,  the  last  joint  cylindrical  and  notched  on  tip; 
labial  palpi  about  two  and  a  half  times  the  length  of  the  maxillary,  ful- 
vous brown,  the  last  joint  fusiform,  and  its  conical  tip  notched.  An- 
tennae dull  black,  as  long  as  the  thorax;  tip  clavate  and  flattened,  the 
very  extremity  little  curved ;  a  yellow  ring  exists  around  the  two  basal 
joints.  Vertex  blackish  and  transversely  ovoid,  elevated,  and  divided 
by  a  slight  median  impression  ;  on  top  with  irregular  black  spots ;  hind 
margin  lighted  with  yellowish  fuscous ;  in  the  male,  the  median  impres- 


300  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

sion  is  slighter  than  in  the  female ;  a  yellowish  fuscous  line  runs  along 
the  impression  and  unites  with  the  similarly  colored  spot  on  the  hind 
margin. 

Prothorax  dark  ochraceous  and  short,  little  broader  than  long,  little 
enlarged  behind,  and  somewhat  rounded  before ;  two  slight  transverse 
'impressions,  one  near  the  hind  margin  and  another  in  the  middle ;  on 
each  side  with  some  long  and  strong  hairs.  Meso-  and  metathorax  dark 
ochraceous  above,  ventral  side  yellowish. 

Abdomen  slender,  and  shorter  than  wings,  underside  somewhat  yel- 
lowish. 

Legs  slender,  with  black  hairs;  coxae  and  femora  yellow,  the  latter 
thicker  in  the  middle,  slender  portion  more  or  less  suffused  with 
brown;  tibiae  and  all  tarsal  joints  black,  shining;  spurs  as  long  as  the 
basal  tarsal  joint,  nearly  straight  and  testaceous;  claws  testaceous. 

Wings  hyaline,  suffused  with  light  yellowish  brown,  inner  margin 
strongly  suffused  with  dark  brown;  a  darkish  narrow  cloud  exists  be- 
tween the  radial  and  the  1st  cubital  veins;  more  deeply  clouded  below 
this ;  upper  one  is  rather  wide  in  the  hind  wing  and  much  inclined  to 
unite  itself  with  the  lower  one ;  veins  mostly  pale,  but  the  sub-costal, 
radial  and  cubital  veins  yellowish  orange ;  pterostigma  small,  especially 
in  the  hind-wing,  rounded  and  milk-white. 

Length  of  body,  $  40  mm.,  $  50  mm. ;  fore-wing,  $  50  mm.,  9 
57  mm. ;  hind-wing,  $  50  mm.,  $  58  mm. ;  antennae,  $  12  mm.,  $ 
10  mm. 

A  male  and  a  female  specimen  captured  by  Mr.  K.  Asakura 
at  Horisha,  Formosa. 

This  splendid  species  is  undoubtedly  the  largest  of  the  genus 
Myrmeleon  in  Japan  and  also,  of  course,  one  of  the  largest 
of  known  species. 

If  the  formation  of  new  genera,  Baliga,  Balaga  and  Enza, 
which  Navas  proposes  on  the  basis  of  the  difference  of  neura- 
tion,  be  justified,  this  species  may  also  perhaps  represent  a 
new  genus,  because  such  a  difference  between  Baliga  asa- 
kurae  (Matsumura)  and  Balaga  micans  (McLachlan)  is 
readily  found  among  this  and  other  species.  But  I  am  much 
inclined  to  think  that  the  Navas  classification  may  not  be 
justified. 

The  species  described  from  Japan  by  Okamoto  in  Wien. 
Entom.  Zeit,  xxix,  1910,  and  by  the  author  in  the  present 
paper,  taken  together,  number  eighteen.  In  addition  to  these 
a  species,  Enza  otiosits,  which  I  ventured  to  transfer  to  the 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL.  NEWS  3OI 

genus  Myrmeleon,  had  been  described  by  Navas  as  from 
Japan  in  Rev.  Rus.  Ent.,  xii,  1912,  so  that  the  number  of 
species  of  Japanese  Myrmeleonidae,  including  Formosan  ones, 
now  amounts  to  19,  as  follows: 

1.  Dendroleon    jezoensis     Matsumura.      Hab. : — Hokkaido,      Honto 

(Main  Island  of  Japan). 

2.  D.  japoniciis  M'Lachlan. — Hab.: — Honto. 

3.  Creagris  niatsuokae  Okamoto.    Hab. : — Honto. 

4.  AcanthacUsis  japonica  Hagen.     Hab.: — Hokkaido,  Honto. 

5.  A.  kawaii  Nakahara.     Hab. : — Formosa. 

6.  Epacanthaclisis  moiwasana  ]\latsumura.  Hab. : — Hokkaido,  Honto. 

7.  Formicated  nigricans  Okamoto.    Hab..: — Honto. 

8.  F.  contubernalis  M'Lachlan.  Hab.: — Honto. 

9.  F.  esakii  Nakahara.    Hab.: — Honto. 

10.  F.  acuminatus  Matsumura.    Hab.: — Ogasawara,  Riukiu. 

11.  F.  formosaitus  Okamoto.    Hab.: — Formosa. 

12.  Mynnccalurus  parvuhis  Matsumura.    Hab. : — Riukiu. 

13.  Glenuroides  communis  Okamoto.    Hab.: — Hokkaido,  Honto,  Kiu- 

shu. 

14.  G.  okinawcHsis  Okamoto.    Hab. : — Riukiu. 

15.  Myrmeleon  asakurae   Matsumura.    Hab.: — Formosa. 

16.  M.  ochraccopcunis  Nakahara.    Hab.: — Formosa. 

17.  M.   micans  M'Lachlan.     Hab. :— Honto,   Kiushu,   Riukiu. 

18.  M.  otiosus  Navas.    Hab. :— "Japan." 

19.  M.  formicarius  Linne.    Hab. :— Hokkaido,   Honto,   Kiushu?,  Riu- 

kiu ;  Europe,  China,  etc. 

93.  Komagome-Higashikatamachi,  Hongoku,  Tokyo,  Japan. 


A  new  Lycaenid  from  Kamerun,  West  Africa  (Lep.)- 
By  W.  J.   HOLLAND.  Director,   Carnegie   Museum, 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

In  a  lot  of  material  recently  received  from  Dr.  H.  L.  Weber, 
of  Efulen,  Kamerun,  I  have  been  pleased  to  detect  what  T 
believe  to  be  a  hitherto  unrecognized  genus  of  the  family 
Lycaenidae.  It  is  represented  by  a  pair,  the  female  taken  at 
Efulen,  the  male  at  Lolodorf,  about  forty  miles  distant  from 
the  former  place.  The  markings  of  the  under  side  of  the 
wings  strikingly  resemble  those  of  certain  species  of  the 
South  American  genus  Euptychia,  belonging  to  the  family 
Satyridae,  and  I  have  accordingly  coined  the  name  Satyrimima 


302 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[July,  '13 


for  the  new  genus.     So  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain, 
this  name  is  not  preoccupied. 

Satyrimima  weberi  gen.  et  sp.  nov. 

The  antennae  are  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  costa  of  the  primaries, 
slender,  with  a  moderately  long  club  at  the  end,  blackish  above,  lighter 
in  color  on  the  lower  side.  The  eyes  are  naked.  The  palpi  are  relatively 
short,  divergent,  with  the  basal  joint  short,  the  second  joint  strongly 
curved  upward,  the  third  small,  conical,  acuminate,  porrect.  The  first 
and  second  joints  are  densely  clothed  with  appressed  scales,  the  third 
less  so.  The  fore-legs  are  armed  at  their  extremities  with  minute  re- 
curved claws.  The  color  of  the  legs  is  dark  brown.  A  better  idea  of 
the  neuration  of  the  wings  is  conveyed  by  the  accompanying  cut 
(Fig.  i)  than  could  be  given  by  a  lengthy  verbal  description. 


Fig.  i.  Neuration  of  S.  weberi, 
Natural  size. 


Fig.  2.  .S.  weberi  Holland,  <f 
YT,  larger  than  natural  size. 


$ .  Expanse  of  wings  40  mm.  The  ground  color  of  the  upper  side 
of  the  wings  is  light  indigo-blue,  through  which  the  dark  bands  of  the 
under  side  show  through  more  or  less  distinctly.  The  primaries  at 
the  apex  and  on  the  outer  margin  are  broadly  black ;  the  secondaries 
are  narrowly  margined  with  black,  the  margin  being  widest  at  the  outer 
angle,  and  gradually  diminishing  in  width  toward  the  anal  angle. 
Beyond  the  cell  of  the  primaries  toward  the  apex  is  a  diffuse  white 
spot.  A  similar  white  spot  is  located  on  the  secondaries  on  the  upper 
margin,  a  little  beyond  the  middle.  The  thorax  and  abdomen  are 
black  above,  whitish  below.  The  wings  on  the  under  side  are  white, 
banded  and  spotted  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  cut  (Fig.  2). 

9.  'Expanse  45  mm.  The  wings  of  the  female  are  broader  than 
those  of  the  male.  The  white  spot  which  appears  on  the  primaries  of 
the  male  marks  the  uppermost  point  of  an  acutely  angulated  white 
band,  which  from  this  point  runs  inward  to  the  middle  of  the  costa  of 
the  primaries,  and  downward  to  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  of 
this  wing  and  is  continued  upon  the  secondaries  toward  the  anal 
angle  of  the  latter,  becoming  gradually  indistinct  before  reaching  the 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  303 

anal  extremity  of  the  wing.  The  ground-color  of  the  wings  in  this 
sex  is  prevalently  brownish,  with  a  faint  shimmer  of  blue  toward  the 
base  and  inner  margins  of  both  the  primaries  and  secondaries.  The 
dark  bands  on  the  outer  margin  of  the  wings  on  the  upper  side  are 
broader  and  more  diffuse  than  in  the  male.  The  maculation  of  the 
under  side  of  the  wings  is  like  that  in  the  male  sex,  but  the  markings 
are  broader  and  more  diffuse. 

Types,  male  and  female,  in  the  collection  of  the  Carnegie 
Museum. 


How  does  the  House-fly  pass  the  Winter?   (Dipt.). 

By   HENRY   SKINNER. 

I  have  never  been  convinced  that  in  the  locality  of  Phila- 
delphia the  house-fly  lives  through  the  winter  in  the  imago 
condition.  I  have  seen  belated  individuals  in  our  homes  and 
other  buildings,  but  never  concluded  that  any  of  them  sur- 
vived the  winter  and  oviposited  in  the  spring. 

Howard  says,  "The  adult  flies  undoubtedly  remain  dormant 
even  in  warmed  dwellings,  and  it  is  altogether  likely  that 
some  of  them  remain  dormant  throughout  the  winter  months 
in  sheltered  but  cold  situations.  Many  adult  insects  pass  the 
winter  in  this  way,  and  observations  have  been  made  which 
indicate  that  this  is  the  case  with  the  house-fly,  although  as 
a  matter  of  fact  sufficient  attention  has  not  been  paid  in  the 
observations  on  record  of  the  exact  specific  identity  of  the 
flies  in  question."  He  quotes  the  observations  of  Jepson, 
made  in  Cambridge,  England,  who  observed  them  for  some 
time,  finding  them  in  the  same  positions  and  still  living  a 
month  later.  "His  observations  ceased  at  the  end  of  Janu- 
ary, but  he  saw  no  reason  why  they  should  not  live  on  until 
spring  and  then  begin  to  breed."  Jepson's  observations  are 
inferential  and  inconclusive  in  so  far  as  our  question  is  con- 
cerned, as  it  is  not  shown  that  any  specimens  actually  sur- 
vived to  breed  in  the  spring. 

Hewitt  says,  "With  the  approach  of  the  cold  weather  sea- 
son in  October  and  November  the  flies  seem  to  disappear  and 
in  all  but  the  warmest  places,  such  as  kitchens,  restaurants  and 
stables,  and  even  in  these  places  their  numbers  are  decreased. 


304  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

The  question  is  constantly  asked :  What  becomes  of  the  flies 
during  the  winter?  Most  of  them  die;  the  remainder  hiber- 
nate." 

Sanitarians  have  accepted  the  hibernation  theory  and  rec- 
ommend killing  all  the  flies  seen  in  the  early  spring,  which 
they  say  are  all  hibernating  females,  about  to  oviposit.  In 
this  way  they  hope  to  cut  off  the  egg  supply  in  its  incipiency. 

Observations  made  this  past  spring  appear  to  show  that  the 
house-fly  lives  through  the  winter  in  the  pupal  stage.  If 
this  be  correct,  it  seems  reasonable  to  suppose  that  it  is  the 
only  way  in  which  the  insect  lives  through  the  winter,  on  the 
theory  that  insects  belonging  to  this  order  only  pass  through 
the  winter  in  a  given  stage  and  never  in  two  stages.  The 
observations  were  made  in  the  entomological  rooms  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  No  flies  were 
observed  in  the  rooms  during  the  past  winter,  but  as  soon  as 
the  first  warm  days  of  early  spring  arrived  the  windows  were 
opened  and  flies  came  in.  Some  of  these  were  caught  on 
March  i3th  of  this  year.  They  were  all  fresh  specimens, 
even  teneral  in  character  except  in  color.  The  ptilinum  was 
not  completely  retracted  and  it  was  evident  that  they  had 
just  emerged.  The  colors  were  bright  and  the  wings  perfect 
and  not  frayed  in  any  way,  and  there  was  no  sign  of  dust,  dirt 
or  decay  on  them.  All  in  all  it  was  quite  evident  that  they 
had  recently  emerged.  Both  sexes  were  represented.  Until 
disproved,  I  will  answer  the  question  at  the  head  of  this  ar- 
tice  as  follows :  House-flies  pass  the  winter  in  the  pupal  stage 
and  in  no  other  way. 


Charts  of  Food  Plants  of  Lepidoptera. 

Miss  Ximena  McGlashan,  from  her  Butterfly  Farm  at  Truckee,  Cali- 
fornia, has  sent  out  several  lists  of  food-plants  of  North  American 
Butterflies  and  Moths,  dated  January,  March,  April  and  May,  1913.  re- 
spectively. As  summaries  of  information  they  are  very  useful,  but  it 
has  been  suggested  that  the  size,  especially  of  the  larger  "charts,"  is 
inconvenient  and  cumbersome  and  that  ordinary  book  or  pamphlet 
form  would  be  more  agreeable.  Miss  McGlashan  asks  the  aid  of  all 
interested  in  the  compilation  of  a  complete  list. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  X. 


V: 


7 


- 


••-  V ' 

f 


NEW   LEPIDOPTERA   FROM    MASSACHUSETTS  -REIFF. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  305 

Some  new  forms  of  Lepidoptera  from  Massachusetts. 

By  WILLIAM  REIFF,  Forest  Hills  Sta.,  Boston,  Mass. 

(Plate  X.) 

The  season  of  1912  yielded  a  number  of  atypical  lepidop- 
terous  forms,  six  of  which  are  described  in  the  present  paper. 

Phyciodes  tharos  Dru.  f.  nov.  reaghi  (Figs.  1  and  2}. 
One  $  derived  from  summer  form  morf>heus  Fab.  Upper  surface 
of  fore  wings  much  blackened  in  basal  and  median  spaces,  with  light 
spots  obsolete  in  marginal  band.  The  latter  very  broad  and  black,  this 
color  extending  over  upon  the  costa  for  about  one-half  its  length. 
Black  markings  near  apex  of  primaries  represented  by  a  few  black 
scales  only.  Black  median  line  replaced  by  a  broad,  dull  black,  in- 
definite shading.  The  hind  wings,  on  upper  surface,  have  all  markings 
in  basal  space  obsolete.  There  is  a  black  powdering  in  an  indefinite, 
broad  line  at  the  base  of  these  wings,  parallel  with  the  inner  margin. 
Marginal  band  of  secondaries  uniform  with  primaries  as  regards  width 
and  intensity  of  shading.  Exterior  line  of  spots  present.  Parallel 
with  this  is  a  broad,  black  band  extending  into  discal  area  and  ob- 
scuring black  spot  normally  present,  in  exterior  line,  near  apex.  At 
this  point  the  broad  band  joins  the  marginal  band. 

On  lower  surface  of  primaries  there  are  no  black  markings  what- 
ever, while  all  the  colors  are  paler  than  in  the  normal  form.  Marginal 
band  consists  of  four,  large,  irregular  spots,  alternately  light  yellow 
and  reddish  violet  in  color.  This  band  is  distinctly  outlined  by  a  nar- 
row, uneven,  reddish  line.  All  other  markings  of  marginal  band  are 
obsolete.  The  secondaries  resemble  somewhat,  in  pattern,  the  spring 
form  marcia  Edw.  The  ground  tint  is  straw  color,  with  three  irregu- 
lar, somewhat  confluent,  reddish  violet  spots  of  different  sizes  extend- 
ing in  series  across  discus  from  marginal  band  towards  base.  Two  spots, 
in  exterior  band  of  upper  surface,  reappear  faintly  on  lower  surface, 
and  are  surrounded  by  a  whitish  tint.  Corresponding  with  the  inner 
margin  of  the  black  median  band  of  the  upper  side  of  secondaries,  is 
a  wavy,  reddish  line  on  the  under  side.  This  line  begins  near  the  inner 
margin  and  connects  the  large,  reddish  spot  near  the  discus  with  the 
spot  nearest  the  outer  margin.  The  character  of  the  marginal  band  of 
secondaries  is  similar  to  that  of  the  primaries.  Beginning  at  the  apex 
it  is  composed  of  straw  colored,  lavender,  whitish,  brownish  lavender 
and  light  yellow  spots  of  different  sizes.  The  marginal  band  is  out- 
lined like  that  of  the  primaries. 

This  form  finds  its  closest  relative  in  f.  \packardii  Saunders. 

Type,  i  female,  Franklin,  Mass.,  Aug.  4,  1912;  in  coll.  of 
Dr.  Arthur  L.  Reagh,  after  whom  I  take  pleasure  in  naming 
this  aberrant  form. 


306  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

The  above  described  specimen  was  taken  by  Dr.  Reagh  on 
the  sandy  shore  of  a  pond,  with  full  southern  exposure,  well 
protected  from  cold  winds  by  woods  and  a  hill.  I,  therefore, 
consider  high  temperature  as  the  probable  cause  of  this  aber- 
rant form,  as  in  such  a  locality  the  intense  summer  heat  could 
readily  act  on  the  chrysalis  during  its  sensitive  stage.  M'ore- 
over,  similar  forms  have  already  been  artificially  produced  by 
heat  in  experiments  on  the  related  genus  Melitaea. 

Heodes  hypophlaeas  Boisd.  f.  nov.  caeca  (Figs.  3  and  4). 

I    $   typical,  i    $   transitional. 

Upper  side.  Exterior  band  of  black  spots  on  primaries  completely 
wanting,  except  a  faint,  minute  spot  near  the  costa ;  in  all  other  re- 
spects normal. 

Underside.  Spots  in  exterior  band  of  primaries  more  or  less  obso- 
lete and  faint.  Exterior  band  of  black  spots  of  secondaries  complete- 
ly wanting,  also  with  the  exception  of  a  faint  minute  spot  near  the 
costa. 

The  typical  specimen  was  taken  by  the  author  May  26,  1912, 
in  a  somewhat  swampy  meadow  near  the  Blue  Hills  in  Massa- 
chusetts. The  transitional  form  was  taken  by  Mr.  Rudolf 
C.  B.  Bartsch,  May  25,  1912,  at  West  Roxbury,  Mass.,  also  in 
a  somewhat  swampy  meadow. 

Type  in  the  author's  collection.  Cotype  in  Mr.  Bartsch's 
collection. 

I  use  for  this  form  the  same  name,  which  has  been  proposed 
by  Prof.  Courvoisier,  of  Basel  (Switzerland),  the  authority 
on  Lycaenidae,  for  all  the  so-called  "verarmten  Formen" 
(forma e  parvipunctae)  of  this  family,  meaning  forms  with 
reduced  or  wanting  maculation.  In  the  palaearctic  fauna  we 
already  know  a  great  number  of  such  forms  and  the  recent 
description  of  such  a  form  of  the  palaearctic  Chrysoph.  old 
phron  gordiits*  is  almost  identical  in-  its  character  with  the 
above  described  form. 

Malacosoma  disstria  Hb.  f.  nov.  astriata   (Figs.  5  and  6). 
Upper  and  lower  surfaces  of  both  sets  of  wings  and  also  thorax  and 
abdomen    of    a    uniform    pale,    straw-yellow    color    with    no    trace    of 

*  Busse,  R. — Chrysophanus  alciphron  rar.  gordius  f.  caeca  Courv. — 
Entomol.  Zcitschrift  XXVI,  No.  26,  1912.    Frankfurt  a-M. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  307 

stripes  or  spots.     Fringes  of  wings  uniformly  whitish.     Sexes  alike  in 
coloration,  but  antennae  of  male  blackish,  of  female  yellowish. 

One  male  from  Lincoln,  Mass.,  July  13,  1912;  taken  by  the 
author  from  a  window  of  the  railroad  station ;  i  male  from 
West  Roxbury,  Mass.,  July  15,  1912,  taken  by  Mr.  Walter 
F.  Eastman  at  light ;  i  female,  July  2,  1912,  reared  by  the 
author  from  one  of  a  number  of  caterpillars  collected  at  Con- 
cord, Mass. 

Type — i  male,  i  female,  in  the  author's  collection ;  i  male 
cotype  in  Mr.  Eastman's  collection. 

These  albinic  forms  are  undoubtedly  inhibition  products, 
the  process  of  coloration  of  the  imago  during  its  last  pupal 
stage  probably  having  been  inhibited  or  arrested  by  outside 
influences.  Accidentally  I  happened  to  spill  some  chloroform 
into  the  box  containing  several  hundred  disstria  pupae  as  I  was 
killing  the  first  specimens  which  had  emerged.  Since  the  box 
was  covered  with  netting  and  the  chloroform  was  thus  allowed 
to  escape  quickly,  my  misfortune  did  not  affect  the  life  of  the 
pupae ;  I  obtained,  however,  from  these  pupae  after  two  days, 
and  then  for  the  next  four  days  every  day,  one  or  two  ima- 
gos  which  were  more  or  less  crippled  and  all  of  which  showed 
this  pale  albinic  coloration.  The  one  female  specimen  above 
described  was  the  only  one  which  developed  perfectly.  The 
pupae  which  gave  rise  in  the  field  to  the  two  albinic  males 
may  have  been  situated  at  places  little  protected  from  cold  or 
moisture. 

Malacosoma  disstria  Hb.  f.  nov.  anita  (Fig.  7). 
Wings,  antennae,  thorax  and  abdomen  uniformly  chocolate  brown. 
Two  spots  in  fringes  of  primaries  near  apex  white,  all  other  parts 
chocolate  brown.  Exterior  line  of  primaries  faintly  visible  on  both 
surfaces.  Above  secondaries  are  without  marking ;  on  lower  surface 
discal  line  is  narrow,  diffused,  and  of  a  pale  buff  color. 

One  male,  July  2,  1912,  reared  by  the  author  from  one  of 
a  number  of  caterpillars  collected  at  Concord,  Mass. 

Type  in  the  author's  collection. 

I  take  pleasure  in  naming  this  form  after  my  wife,  whose 
valuable  help  in  rearing  hundreds  of  caterpillars  I  appreciate 
very  much. 


308  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

I  am  not  aware  that  intensifications  so  well  marked  in  this 
case  can  be  produced  by  causes  which  may  have  given  rise  to 
the  pale  forms  previously  described. 

Phigalia  olivacearia  Morr.  f.  nov.  mephistaria  (Figs.  8  and  9). 

Wings,  thorax  and  abdomen  blackish,  smoky.  Antennae  normally 
colored.  Fringes  of  inner  margin  of  secondaries  whitish,  otherwise 
like  the  wing  surface.  Beneath  the  wings  are  a  shade  lighter  than 
above.  Only  a  few  faint  traces  of  normal  marking  of  wings,  but  veins 
darker  than  ground  color  of  wings. 

One  male  from  West  Roxbury,  Mass.,  April  7,  1912;  taken 
by  Mr.  Walter  F.  Eastman  in  the  day  time  from  an  electric 
light  post. 

Type  in  Mr.  Eastman's  collection. 

Among  the  North  American  Geometridae  melanistic  forms 
are  almost  unknown.  There  are,  however,  large  numbers  of 
such  forms  in  the  palaearctic  fauna,  and  from  year  to  year 
new  melanistic  forms  of  Geometridae  continue  to  be  discov- 
ered. Fifty  years  ago  only  one  melanistic  Geometrid  was 
known,  the  black  doubled ayaria  of  Amphidasis  betularius,  and 
this  form  at  that  time  from  England  only.  Now  we  find 
doubledayaria  and  many  other  melanistic  forms  of  palaearctic 
Geometridae  distributed  over  an  increasingly  larger  area  of 
central  Europe.  Considered  from  a  phylogenetical  stand- 
point, this  yearly  increase  of  melanistic  forms  is  of  the  great- 
est interest,  and  exact  observations  in  localities,  where  such 
forms  appear  and  the  publication  of  all  details  of  capture  is 
very  important.  Up  to  date  we  are  entirely  incapable  of  stating 
any  rule  as  to  the  origin  of  melanistic  forms  in  the  field  and 
its  increasing  occurrence,  although  a  number  of  theories  have 
been  suggested  as  to  its  cause,  but  none  of  them  as  yet  has 
been  sufficiently  supported.  We  only  know  that  melanistic 
forms  are  certainly  neither  pathological  nor  degenerative 
products  (as  many  albinic  forms  are),  for  melanistic  forms 
are  as  a  rule  more  strongly  built  and  more  resistant  towards 
climatic  influences,  etc.,  than  their  non-melanistic  ancestors. 

We  know  two  kinds  of  black  coloration:  nigrism,  which 
originates  when  the  black  (dark)  markings  of  a  wing  become 
more  or  less  enlarged,  and  melanism,  which  signifies  an  in- 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  309 

crease  in  the  number  of  dark  scales  and  the  pattern  remains 
unchanged.  Often,  however,  the  melanistic  process  is  so  com- 
plete that  the  markings  are  entirely  obscured.  I  consider  here 
only  the  second  kind  of  black  coloration,  namely  melanism 
affecting  the  Geometridae.  Nigristic  forms  are  products  of 
heat  or  cold,  and  they  also  can  be  produced  artificially  by  tem- 
perature experiments.  However,  the  form  described  above 
represents  the  type  of  a  special  subdivision  of  melanistic 
forms.  For  the  markings  have  disappeared  almost  entirely 
in  this  case,  while  in  other  cases  of  melanism  they  remain  un- 
changed. The  markings  are  here  not  obscured  by  dark  scales 
as  might  be  supposed,  for  the  coloration  is  of  a  dark  smoky 
color  and  not  dense  enough  to  hide  markings,  if  such  were 
present. 

I  propose  to  express  this  subdivision  of  melanistic  forms 
(appearance  of  dark  scales,  together  with  disappearance  of 
wing  markings)  by  the  collective  term  "formae  melanoticae 
simplices." 

Nyctobia   anguilineata    Gr.    f.    nov.    eastmani    (Fig.    10). 

Primaries  above  white.  The  following  markings  are  present:  faint 
brown  basal  line,  brown  median  band  not  very  strongly  defined,  but 
appearing  distinct  on  account  of  the  light  wing  coloration;  a  terminal 
line  of  brown  dots. 

Secondaries  above  white  and  hyaline,  becoming  slightly  dusky  to- 
wards the  outer  margin  ;  no  markings,  except  a  very  faint  and  minute 
black  dot  at  the  discus  near  costa. 

Beneath,  all  wings  white  and  hyaline  with  no  markings,  except  re- 
appearance of  the  minute  black  dot  of  the  secondaries  and  this  is  even 
fainter  than  above. 

Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  grayish-white,  antennae  brown. 

One  male  from  West  Roxbury,  Mass.,  April  28,  1912; 
taken  by  Mr.  Walter  F.  Eastman  from  a  hemlock  tree.  I 
take  pleasure  in  naming  this  form  after  the  collector. 

Type  in  Mr.  Eastman's  collection. 

I  regard  this  form  as  an  albino  of  a  form  parallel  to  the  f. 
reiffii  Sw.  of  Nyctobia  limitata,  and  it  may  be  developed 
through  the  influence  of  low  temperature  upon  the  pupa 
shortly  before  the  coloration  process  of  the  wings  had  begun. 

Finally  one  word  may  be  said  concerning  the  naming  of  in- 


3IO  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '13 

dividual  forms  or  "sports."  Unfortunately  we  meet 
quite  often  still  with  the  old  view  that  the  naming  of  "aber- 
rations, mutations,"  etc.,  is  of  no  value.  In  opposition  to  this 
view  I  wish  to  say  that  we  know  a  species  only,  if  we  are 
acquainted  with  all  of  its  forms  and  their  causes.  In  order  to 
make  all  the  forms  known  and  to  separate  them  from  each 
other  it  is  necessary  to  mark  them  in  some  way.  Since,  how- 
ever, a  designation  of  forms  by  letters  or  numbers  cannot  be 
carried  out,  we  are  obliged  to  give  them  names.  Of  course  it 
is  necessary  only  to  characterize  the  extremes  of  each  varia- 
tion. Transition  forms  hardly  need  special  names,  or  only  in 
exceptional  cases,  as,  for  instance,  for  defining  forms  which 
develop  at  certain  temperatures  or  for  other  definite  causes. 
The  figures  on  Plate  X  are  a  little  less  than  natural  size 
and  a  shade  too  light. 


The  Species  of  Nehalennia  (Odonata), 

Including  one  from  the  eastern  United  States  hitherto  undescribed. 

By  PHILIP  P.  CALVERT,  Ph.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

The  genus  Nehalennia  was  established  by  de  Selys  in  1850 
for  the  European  Agrion  specwsum  Charp.  In  his  synopsis 
of  the  legion  Agrion  in  1876  he  included  within  Nehalennia 
the  following  seven  species:  atrinuchalis  Selys  (Shanghai), 
speciosa  Charp.  (Europe),  Irene  Hagen  (United  States), 
sophia  Selys,  1876  (Province  of  Minas,  Brazil),  posita  Hagen 
(United  States),  denticollis  Burm.  (Mexico),  and  lais  Selys 
(Mexico).  In  1895  Morse  described  N.  gracilis  from  Massa- 
chusetts. Calvert  removed  denticollis  to  Ischnwa  Charp.  in 
1898  and  lais  to  Anisagrion  Selys  in  1902.  In  1903  Needham 
transferred  \posita  to  Ischnwa.  Five  described  species  thus 
remain  in  Nehalennia.  References  to  the  literature  are  given 
in  the  catalogues  of  Kirby  and  of  Muttkowski.  Dr.  E.  M. 
Walker  has  just  published  the  differentials  of  the  larvae  of 
N.  irene  and  gracilis* 

*Can.  Ent.,  XLV,  p.  61,  pi.  I,  figs.  1-3.    June,  1913. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  3!  I 

Some  years  previous  to  1908  I  had  ascertained  the  presence 
of  another  species  of  this  genus  in  the  United  States  and  had 
noted  the  principal  characters  distinguishing  it  from  Irene, 
gracilis  and  spcciosa.  On  this  basis,  I  included  in  my  notes, 
furnished  to  the  late  Prof.  John  B.  Smith  in  1909,  for  the 
List  of  New  Jersey  Insects  then  in  preparation,  the  record 
of  one  female  from  Malaga,  N.  J.,  June  27,  1908,  by  Mr. 
V.  A.  E.  Daecke  as  Xehalennia  intcgricollis  Calv.*  My  ab- 
sence for  a  year  in  Costa  Rica  speedily  followed  and  the  pub- 
lication of  the  description  of  integricollis  was  forgotten,  so 
that  the  name  has  remained  a  noincn  nnduin.  A  recent  in- 
quiry by  Mr.  W.  T.  Davis  as  to  the  place  of  description  has 
recalled  the  matter  to  my  mind,  hence  the  present  paper. 

The  species  of  Nehalennia  are  summarized  in  the  follow- 
ing synopsis:  two  of  them,  atrinuchalis  Selys  and  selvsii 
Kirby  (Cat.  Odon.,  1890,  p.  147,  for  sophia  Selys  1876;  nee 
sophia  Selys  1840  ==  spcciosa  Charp.,  1840),  are  known  to  me 
by  descriptions  only. 

I.    Hind  margin  of  prothorax  convex,  entire  or  nearly  so  $   $ .    Super- 
ior appendages   $   longer  than  inferiors. 

Thoracic  dorsum  dull  metallic  green  reaching  laterad  to  beyond 
the  humeral  suture,  with  reddish  humeral  and  antehumeral 
lines.  Three  antenodal  cells.  $  Abd.  segs.  8  and  9  blue,  10 
black  dorsally,  its  hind  margin  broadly  and  shallowly  concave ; 
superior  appendages  subconical,  a  little  recurved  toward  each 
other  as  if  compressed.  $  Abd.  segs.  8  and  9  bronze 
dorsally.  Abd.  male  20-22,  female  22;  hind  wing,  male  13, 
female  1(1  mm.  (From  de  Selys'  description.)  .  .atrinuchalis 
Thoracic  dorsum  metallic  green  to  beyond  the  humeral  suture 
which  often  has  a  short  pale  stripe  on  its  upper  and  another 
on  its  lower  end.  Three  antenodal  cells.  $  Abd.  seg.  8  dark 
metallic  blue  or  metallic  green  with  a  pale  blue  mid-dorsal 
*pt)t  on  the  posterior  third  to  half  and  the  sides  inferiorly  pale 
blue ;  9  chiefly  pale  blue,  a  broad  dark  metallic  green  or 
metallic  blue  band  each  side  in  proximal  two-thirds;  10  pale 
blue,  its  hind  dorsal  margin  cleft  in  the  middle,  a  short  process 
directed  upward  and  caiulad  on  each  side  of  the  cleft,  each 
process  spinulose  at  tip,  margin  otherwise  not  spinulose ;  super- 
ior appendages  increasing  in  thickness  to  the  apex  when  seen 

*  Ann.  Rep.  N.  J.  State  Museum   nxxj,  p.  75.     Trenton,  N.  J.  1910. 


312  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

in  profile  view.  9  Abd.  segs.  8-10  colored  similarly  to  those 
of  the  $  but  the  blue  on  the  dorsum  of  8  often  reaching  far- 
ther toward  the  base  and  the  lateral  band  on  9  farther  poster- 
iorly. Abd.  male  20-23,  female  19-22;  hind  wing,  male  13-14, 

female  14-15  mm speciosa 

Thoracic  dorsum  bronze  black  not  reaching  as  far  laterad  as  the 
humeral  suture  which  bears  a  black  line.  Three  antenodal 
cells.  $  Abd.  segs.  8-10  pale  blue  with  a  bronze  bilobed  dor- 
sal band  on  8  and  a  small  median  spot  on  9;  hind  margin  of 
10  forming  two  slightly  marked  festoons  each  bearing  5-6 
blackish  teeth ;  superior  appendages  conical,  furnished  at  the 
base  with  an  internal  branch.  Abd.  24-25,  hind  wing  15-15.5 
mm.  9  unknown.  (From  de  Selys'  description.)  ..selysii 
Thoracic  dorsum  $  bronze  black  reaching  as  far  laterad  as  the 
humeral  suture  only  at  its  upper  sixth,  the  suture  itself  black, 
bordered  mesad  by  a  pale  stripe  one-fourth  as  wide  as  the 
mesepisternum  on  which  it  lies  and  reaching  upward  to  five 
sixths  of  the  length  of  the  suture ;  of  9  metallic  green  reach- 
ing laterad  beyond  the  humeral  suture  which  has  a  fine  short 
yellow  line  on  its  upper  and  one  on  its  lower  end.  Three  (  $  ) 
or  two  (  9  )  antenodal  cells.  $  Abd.  segs.  8  and  9  dark 
metallic  blue,  each  with  a  narrow  transverse  pale  line  at  base, 
interrupted  at  the  middle  on  8,  and  a  narrower  transverse  pale 
line  at  the  hind  margin,  sides  pale  blue  which  does  not 
show  in  a  dorsal  view  of  8  but  is  visible  in  a  dorsal  view  of 
9  especially  near  the  hind  end  of  the  segment,  no  longitudinal 
lateral  dark  bands  on  9;  10  pale  blue  with  a  little  black  at  the 
base  mid-dorsally,  its  hind  dorsal  margin  concave  in  the 
middle,  spinulose  on  each  side  of  the  emargination ;  superior 
appendages  decreasing  in  thickness  to  the  apex,  seen  in  profile 
view.  9  Abd.  segs.  8  and  9  dark  metallic  blue-green,  no  pale 
dorsal  spots  on  8,  a  pale  blue  mid-dorsal  posterior  spot  on  9 
not  half  as  long  as  the  segment,  sides  inferiorly  and  10  pale 
blue,  the  last  with  some  traces  of  black  or  metallic  green  at 
the  extreme  base..  Abd.  $  21,  9  18.5-20;  hind  wing,  $  13, 

9    13-13.5  mm integricollis  n.   sp. 

II.  Hind  margin  of  prothorax  emarginated  9 ,  entire  and  convex  $ . 
Superior  appendages  $  equal  to,  or  shorter  than,  the  inferiors. 
Hind  dorsal  margin  of  abd.  seg.  10  of  $  cleft  in  the  middle,  spinu- 
lose on  each  side  of  the  cleft.  Thoracic  dorsum  metallic  green, 
reaching  laterad  to  beyond  the  humeral  suture  which  is  often  marked 
as  above  stated  for  speciosa.  Three  antenodal  cells. 

Hind  margin  of  prothorax  of  9  bilobed,  but  in  front  of  the  cleft 
*    separating  the  two  lobes  is  a  small  more  nearly  erect  process 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


3*3 


which  partly  fills  the  cleft  when  the  prothorax  is  viewed  from 
in  front,  a  median  pair  of  slender  approximated  mesothoracic 
processes  just  behind  the  prothorax.  $  Abd.  seg.  8  blue  with 
a  transverse  dorsal  basal  black  or  metallic  green  line  or  nar- 
row stripe,  9  and  10  entirely  pale  blue;  superior  appendages 
nearly  as  long  but  not  as  high  as  the  inf.  apps.,  seen  in  profile 
view.  5  Abd.  seg.  8  pale  blue  with  a  transverse  basal  stripe 
and  a  lateral  band  reaching  caudad  therefrom  dark  metallic 
green  or  black,  or,  the  dorsum  of  8  almost  entirely  blue- 
black,  sides  interiorly  pale  (i9),  9  blue  with  a  triangular 
black  band  each  side  in  proximal  half  of  segment,  10  en- 
tirely blue.  Abd.  $  ?  20-22;  hind  wing  $  13-14.5, 
$  14-15  mm gracilis 


N.  irene. 


N.  gracilis. 


N.  integricollis. 


N.  speciosa. 


Figs.  1-4,  hind  part  of  prothorax  of  females  viewed  from  in  front  and  a  little  above, 
the  head  of  each  specimen  having  been  removed  to  see  the  prothorax  clearly  ;  the  dotted 
lines  show  the  boundaries  of  the  median  metallic  green  and  the  lateral  pale  green  or 
yellow.  Figs.  5-8,  dorsal  views  of  abdominal  segment  10  and  appendages  of  males. 
Figs.  9-12,  profile  views,  right  side  of  the  same.  All  the  figures  drawn  to  the  same  scale 
with  the  camera  lucida,  specimens  illuminated  by  direct  sunlight. 

N  irene,  9.  Lehigh  Gap.  Pennsylvania,  July  13,  1900;  cf .  Berlin,  New  Jersey,  July 
17,  1893.  N.  gracilis,  9,  Lehigh  Gap,  Pa  ,  June  29,  1897;  cf ,  Sherborn,  Massachusetts, 
June  24,  1895  (co-type  of  Morse).  ^V.  integricollis  n.  sp  ,  9,  Enterprise,  Fla.,  April  18, 
1896  (type);  cf,  Haulover,  Fla.,  March.  .A",  speciosa,  9  cf,  Robenhausen,  Switzerland, 
July  3,  1904. 

Hind  margin  of  prothorax  of  9  trilobed,  no  slender  mesothor- 
acic processes  as  described  for  gracilis  but  the  mesostigmal 
laminae  are  larger  and  more  projecting  than  in  that  species. 
$  Abd.  seg.  8  dark  metallic  green,  a  mid-dorsal  spot  on  the 
posterior  fourth  or  less  and  the  sides  inferiorly  pale  blue,  9 
pale  blue  with  a  triangular  dark  metallic  green  spot  on  each 


314  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '13 

side  of  dorsum  in  its  proximal  half  or  more,  10  pale  blue  with 
a  metallic  green  spot  each  side  of  dorsum  at  base;  superior 
appendages  much  smaller  than  the  inferiors,  each  of  the  latter 
with  two  black-tipped  hooks.  $  Abd.  segs.  8  and  9  dark  metal- 
lic green,  sides  inferiorly  pale,  9  with  a  mid-dorsal  anteapical 
pale  blue  spot,  or,  more  rarely,  8  and  9  colored  as  in  the  male, 
10  as  in  the  male.  Abd.  male  20-23,  female  20-22.5;  hind  wing 
male  13-15.5,  female  14-15  mm Irene 

Of  Nehalennia  integricollis  I  have  seen  five  females  from 
Florida,  one  from  Thomasville,  Georgia,  April  28,  1903,  by 
Mr.  Morgan  Hebard,  and  the  one  from  Malaga,  New  Jersey, 
mentioned  above.  Of  the  five  Florida  females,  one,  the  type 
of  the  species,  is  from  Enterprise,  April  18,  1896,  by  Mr. 
Philip  Laurent ;  it  is  the  specimen  cited  in  Ent.  News,  vii, 
p.  302,  as  N.  Irene  Hag. ;  two  others,  exact  locality  not  re- 
corded, are  due  to  Dr.  D.  M.  Castle  in  1903  (cf.  Ent.  News, 
xiv,  p.  244)  ;  a  fourth,  "Fla.  exchange,"  has  long  been  un- 
identified in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia,  while  the  fifth,  from  Enterprise,  May  17, 
belongs  to  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Cambridge, 
Mass.  Excepting  this  last,  these  females  are  in  the  collection 
of  the  Academy  named. 

The  single  male  referred  to  this  species,  from  Haulover, 
Florida,  in  March  (Museum  of  Comp.  Zool.),  may  not  be 
conspecific  with  these  females,  as  the  extent  of  dark  colora- 
tion on  the  thoracic  dorsum  and  the  number  of  antenodal 
cells  are  different,  as  has  been  indicated  above.  It  resembles 
the  description  of  N.  selysii  Kirby  (sophia  Selys  1876)  in 
many  respects,  but  is  smaller,  has  the  proximal  and  distal 
sides  of  the  pterostigma  nearly  parallel  (proximal  side  more 
oblique  than  the  distal  in  selysii},  the  posterior  or  inferior  side 
of  the  quadrilateral  of  front  wing  more  than  twice  as  long 
as  the  anterior  or  superior  side  ("1'inferieur  moitie  plus  long 
que  le  superieur"  in  selysii),  labrum  with  a  transverse  basal 
black  band  ("un  point  median  enfonce"  in  selysii),  nasus  en- 
tirely black.  The  abdomen  is  not  fully  colored,  3-6  being  of 
a  pale  brown  with  a  narrow  transverse  basal  pale  blue  ring; 
other  differences  in  abdominal  coloring  may  be  seen  from  the 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  315 

above  synopsis.  The  appendages  may  be  quite  similar  to 
those  of  selysii.  The  known  habitats  of  the  two  forms  are 
far  apart. 

It  will  be  noticed  that,  in  spite  of  its  geographical  distribu- 
tion, integricollis  is  nearer  structurally  to  the  European  and 
Brazilian  species  than  to  the  two  already  known  from  the 
United  States. 

Dr.  F.  Ris,  within  recent  years,  has  described*  color  vari- 
eties in  Swiss  specimens  of  N.  speciosa  which  may  possibly 
indicate  a  color  dimorphism  or  polymorphism  among  the  fe- 
males analogous  to  that  known  in  Ischnura.  In  this  connection 
it  is  of  interest  to  note  that  I  found  a  single  female  of  Ar.  Irene 
from  Manchester,  Maine,  June  12,  1899,  by  Miss  Mattie 
Wadsworth  (now  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  E.  B.  Williamson!), 
which  has  abdominal  segments  8  and  9  colored  as  in  the  male 
of  Irene  and  unlike  the  majority  of  females  as  stated  above. 
The  alternative  coloring  of  segment  8  in  the  female  of  gracilis 
mentioned  above  is  seen  in  one  specimen  from  lona,  New 
Jersey,  July  13,  1902  (Daecke). 

The  transference  of  species  from  Nehalennia  to  Ischnura, 
mentioned  in  the  first  paragraph  of  this  paper,  indicates  the 
difficulty  of  sharply  distinguishing  these  two  groups.  Even 
now  it  does  not  appear  to  be  possible  to  give  any  one  char- 
acter which  will  invariably  separate  them.  The  following 
statement  may  be  of  assistance : 

Nehalennia.  Prevailing  color  of  dorsum  metallic  green. 
Second  joint  of  antenna  black,  its  middle  third  pale.  Pale 
color  on  postero-superior  part  of  head  forming  a  transverse 
line  whose  extremities  are  not  enlarged  (except  in  ?  inte- 
gricollis male).  M2  on  the  hind  wings  separating  from  Mi 
more  often  nearest  the  fourth  postnodal.  Males  without  an 
elevated,  bifid,  dorsal  process  on  abdominal  segment  10  (ap- 

*  Farbenvarietaten  der  Agrionide  Nehalennia  speciosa  Charp.  Mitt, 
schweiz.  entom.  Gesell.  XI,  pp.  159-165,  1906.  Very  recently  this  species 
has  also  been  discovered  in  Asia  by  Bartenef,  Zool.  Anz.  xxxv,  p.  278, 
1910;  Ann.  Mus.  Zool.  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.  xvi,  p.  447,  1912. 

t  Mr.  Williamson  kindly  placed  his  collection  of  Nehalennia  at  my 
disposal  for  study. 


316 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[July,  '13 


proach  thereto  in  speciosa),  stigmata  of  front  and  hind  wings 
similar  in  size,  shape  and  color.  Females  without  a  vulvar 
spine. 

Ischnnra.  Prevailing  color  of  dorsum  not  metallic  green. 
Second  joint  of  antenna  otherwise  colored.  Pale  color  on 
postero-superior  part  of  head  forming  two  round  or  cunei- 
form postocular  spots  sometimes  united  by  a  transverse  line. 
M2  on  the  hind  wings  separating  from  Mi  more  often  near- 
est the  third  postnodal  (except  in  /.  erratic  a,  I.  cervula,  I.  in- 
arm at  a  and  possibly  others).  Males  with  an  elevated,  usually 
bifid,  dorsal  process  on  abdominal  segment  10,  stigmata  of 
front  and  hind  wings  dissimilar  in  color,  size  or  both  (dis- 
similarity slight  in  I.  posit  a}.  Females  with  or  without  a 
vulvar  spine,  in  some  cases  even  in  the  same  species. 


A  new  Erycinid  from  South  America  (Lepid.). 
By  LEVI  W.  MENGEL,  Reading,  Pa. 

Chamaelimnas  propinquus  n.   sp. 

Expanse  of  spread  insect,  1.38  in.  Male  (Fig.  i),  upperside.  An- 
terior wings,  black.  A  broad  orange  band  crosses  the  wing  trans- 
versely, extending  from  the  middle  of  the  costa  almost  to  the  inner 
angle,  cutting  into  the  lowest  median  nervule.  The  band  does  not 

quite  reach  the  costa.  A  sharp,  triangular 
tooth-like  projection  of  orange  reaches 
from  the  transverse  band,  partially  filling 
the  space  between  the  second  and  third  sub- 
costal nervules,  extending  entirely  to  the 
base  of  the  wing,  where  the  angle  is  quite 
acute.  There  is  an  iridescent  steel-blue 
spot  at  the  apex  of  the  wing. 

Posterior  wing  has  the  basal  half  steel 
blue;  the  outer  half,  black. 

The  female  (Fig.  2)  is  much  the  same, 
except  that  the  orange  band  is  very  much 
broader  and  the  triangular  projection  ex- 
tends to  the  base  along  the  costa  and  com- 
pletely fills  the  space  to  the  fourth  sub- 
costal nervule.  The  iridescent  spot  in  the 
apex  is  smaller  and  duller.  The  lower  wing 
is  the  same  as  in  the  male. 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Undersides  of  both  sexes,  the  same  as  the  upper  side,  but  the  orange 
band  is  duller,  approaching  yellow  in  color.  Antennae,  head,  thorax, 
abdomen,  and  legs,  black. 

That  the  species  is  variable  is  shown  by  Fig.  3,  where  the  orange, 
tooth-like  projection  does  not  pass  quite  to  the  base. 

Habitat. — Neiva,  U.  S.  Colombia. 

Types. — Collection   Mengel. 

The  species  is  close  to  C.  splendent  Grose-Smith,  and  may 
be  the  same,  but  the  tooth  of  the  orange  band  is  very  short 
in  comparison  with  the  species  under  discussion. 


Descriptions   of  two   new   Species   of  the  Dipterous 

Genera  Chaetopsis  and  Stenomyia,  with 

notes  on  other  species. 

By  E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR.,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 

Philadelphia. 

In  working  over  some  material  for  determination,  two 
new  species  of  Stenomyia  were  found  and  notes  made  of 
some  species  of  Chaetopsis  which  may  prove  of  interest  to 
my  colleagues. 

The  table  given  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Johnson,  in  his  "Insects  of 
Florida,"  (i)  of  the  species  of  the  genus  Chaetopsis  is  very 
good  and,  I  understand,  is  based  upon  natural  specimens,  not 
upon  descriptions.  However,  the  characters  given  for  the  sepa- 
ration of  C.  aenea  and  fuhnfrons  are  somewhat  inconstant,  but 
if  used  with  propriety  will  prove  quite  satisfactory.  I  have, 
however,  found  that  the  females  are  quite  constant  in  their 
differently  shaped  sixth  abdominal  segments  which  I  here  fig- 
ure in  outline.  I  also  give  my  idea  of  the  most  important 
characters  for  the  separation  of  these  species  as  well  as  of 
their  synonymy. 

The  species  herein  treated  may  be  separated  as  follows : 

I.  Front  with  distinct  series  of  converging  bristles  which  are  much 
stronger  than  the  proclinate  orbital  hairs ;  apical  angle  of  anal  cell 
prolonged ;  face  but  little  retreating  with  epistoma  somewhat  prom- 
inent. (Chaetopsis)  2 

(i)   Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxii,  83,  1913. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[July,  '13 


No  distinct  series  of  converging  bristles,  but  all  hairs  and  bristles 
subequal  and  proclinate;  apical  angle  of  anal  cell  with  acute  angle, 
but  not  prolonged;  face  distinctly  retreating;  epistoma  not  promi- 
nent. (Stenomyia)  3 

2.  Wings  with  three  fuscus  bands  including  that  of  apex;  legs  yellow 

aenea  Wied.  and  fulvifrons  Mcq 
P'or  other  species  see  Johnson's  table. 

3.  Wings  with  base,  apical  half  and  cross  band  over  stigma  fuscous 

fasciapennis 

Wings  hyaline  with  only  an  apical,  no  stigmal  spot   

nasoni 
Wings  with  a  stigmal  and  an  apical  band  (See  Johnson's  table  No.  5) 


Fig.  i.  Chaetopsis  aenea  Wied.     Profile  of  head. 

a.  Dorsum  of  fifth  and  sixth  ahdotninal  segments. 

3.  trifasciata  Say.     Dorsum  of  fifth  and  sixth  segments. 

4.  Stenomyia  nasoni.    Profile  of  head. 
5-  "           Wing. 

6.  fasciapennis.    Profile  of  head. 

7-  Wing. 

Chaetopsis  aenea. 

1830,  Wiedemann,   Auss.  Zw.,  ii,  462,    (Ortalis). 
1830   (August),  Say,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.   Phila.,  vi,   184,    (Ortalis 
trifasciata). 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  3IQ 

Size  ranging  from  5.0-6.0  mm.  The  abdomen  nearly  black  and  con- 
trasting with  the  metallic  green  of  the  thorax;  legs  rufous  with  the 
bases  of  femora  sometimes  darkened;  frontal  series  of  4-6  bristles, 
with  or  without  one  or  two  median  pairs  of  proclinate  bristles  above 
antennae.  Wings  with  three  brown  bands  which  are  generally  as 
broad  as,  or  broader  than,  their  alternating  hyaline  spaces,  the  basal 
band  dilating  and  attaining  the  inner  margin  more  or  less  distinctly, 
the  apical  band  generally  always  connected  with  the  middle  band 
along  the  costa  and  sometimes  faintly  along  the  inner  margin.  The 
flattened  sixth  segment  of  female  abdomen  as  broad  as,  and  nearly 
twice  the  length  of,  the  fifth. 

The  synonymy  of  Ortalis  trifasciata  Say  seems  certain,  al- 
though Osten  Sacken  in  Psyche  (2)  accepts  it  only  by  read- 
ing Say's  description  in  a  certain  way.  In  this  he  errs  in 
thinking  that  Loew  did  not  make  his  (Loew's)  description 
and  figure  agree.  Loew's  description  mentions  the  connec- 
tion of  the  two  apical  bands  along  the  costa  while  his  figure 
shows  only  a  clouding  along  the  inner  margin.  No  doubt 
Loew  had  this  and  the  next  species  before  him.  Of  course, 
there  is  some  doubt  as  to  whether  this  is  Wiedemann's  species, 
or,  even  Say's. 

Chaetopsis  fulvifrons. 

1855,  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.,  Suppl.  v,  125,  pi.  vii,  f.  8,  (Urophora 
fulvifrons'}. 

1831,  Say,  Desc.  Tns.  Louisiana,   19,   (Trypcta  trifasciata')    (3). 

:86/,  v.  d.  Wulp,  Tidj.  v.  Ent.,  x.  157,  pi.  v,  f.  12-14,   (Acinra  aenea}. 

Similar  to,  but  smaller  than,  aenea  (4-5  mm.),  with  the  abdomen 
more  concolorous  with  the  thorax ;  frontal  bristles  2-4  without  the 
median  pair.  Wings  similar  but  all  cross  bands  less  intense  and  more 
evanescent  towards  inner  margins,  especially  the  basal  band  which  is 
seldom  noticeable  beyond  the  fifth  vein.  Sixth  abdominal  segment  of 
female  much  narrower  and  hardly  longer  than  the  fifth.  The  abdomen 
of  male  seems  to  be  more  pointed  on  account  of  the  lateral  margins 
being  more  revolute  than  those  of  aenca. 

As  the  basal  band  of  the  wing  is  very  much  abbreviated 
in  this  species  and  sometimes  the  middle  and  apical  bands 
are  not,  or  seldom,  connected  along  the  costa,  the  abo\«e 
Synonymy  would  seem  to  be  correct.  The  name  trifasciata 

(2)  Psyche  viii,  308,  1899. 

(3)  See  Psyche  vii,  307.  1899,  for  this  description  republished. 


320  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  u'      J3 

being  already  used  in  the  genus  as  a  synonym  of  aenea  Wied. 
the  same  had  better  not  be  used  again  here. 

Stenomyia  fasciapennis  n.  sp. 

Black,  moderately  shining  with  metallic  steel  color  reflections. 
Rufous  or  yellow  as  follows:  Front  except  ocellar  region  and  vertical 
angles,  sides  of  face,  epistoma,  cheeks,  all  opake,  antennae  except 
fuscous  apices,  coxae,  femora  except  below,  extreme  tips  of  tibiae, 
bases  of  tarsi,  halteres,  and  veins  of  wings  in  hyaline  areas.  Wings 
fuscous  with  two  complete  hyaline  bands  as  figured. 

Robust.  Head  as  high  as  long.  Front  as  wide  as  eye,  without  differ- 
ential frontal  bristles,  with  numerous  fine  orbital  hairs,  in  profile  but 
little  projecting  beyond  orbits.  Face  retreating,  with  scarcely  any 
vibrissal  angles.  Cheeks  .25  eye-height.  Third  antennal  joint  hardly 
longer  than  second  and  nearly  as  broad,  with  an  apical  angle  of  about 
go  degrees.  Chaetotaxy  normal.  Thorax  and  abdomen  only  slightly 
elongate,  the  latter  not  overreaching  the  wings.  Wings  with  anal  cell 
as  figured.  Length  4.0  mm. 

Described  from  two  males  bearing  a  state  label  "Minn." 
without  any  other  data.  Holotype  No.  6016  in  the  American 
Entomological  Society  collection. 

These  specimens  were  found  in  the  collection  under  debilis 
Loew  which  they  are  certainly  not.  The  species  is  a  true 
Stenomyia  and  may  be  distinguished  from  its  congeners  by 
the  wing  design  as  well  as  being  also  much  stouter. 

Stenomyia  Loew  is  considered  by  Dr.  Hendel  (4)  as  syn- 
onymous with  Chaetopsis  Lw.  I  cannot  agree  to  this,  for  I 
find  good  characters  of  differentiation,  supported  by  the  new 
species  here  described  which  lead  me  to  consider  the  genus 
valid,  at  least,  recognizable,  such  as  the  absence  of  differ- 
entiated frontal  bristles,  the  retreating  face  with  no  distinct 
vibrissal  angles  and  the  short  anal  cell.  The  genus  seems  to 
be  more  nearly  related  to  Eumetopiella  Hendel. 

Stenomyia  nasoni  n.  sp. 

Black,  shining,  metallic  steel  blue  or  greenish.  Front  opake,  dark 
r^ufous  except  at  vertex,  with  whitish  dust  which  becomes  more  intense 
along  orbits.  Sides  of  face  and  cheeks,  also  opake  and  concolorous 
with  front,  with  narrow  orbits  whitish ;  median  part  to  epistoma  shin- 
ing steel  blue.  Antennae  black,  with  whitish  spot  at  aoex  of  second. 

(4)  Wien.  Ent.  Zeit.,  xxviii,  254,  1909. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  321 

Halleres  white.  Apical  segment  of  abdomen  not  metallic  colored. 
Legs  black,  shining,  steel  blue  tinged,  with  fore  tarsi  black,  middle  and 
hind  tarsi  yellow.  Wings  hyaline  with  fuscous  marking  as  figured. 

Elongate.  Head  longer  than  high.  Front  projecting  forward,  in  pro- 
file, 0.5  horizontal  diameter  of  eye  beyond  orbits,  and  overhanging  root 
of  antennae,  as  wide  as  eye ;  all  frontal  bristles  hair-like.  Face  much 
retreating.  Cheeks  about  as  wide  as  third  antennal  joint.  The  latter 
twice  as  long  as  second.  Thorax  and  abdomen  elongate,  the  latter 
generally  overreaching  the  wings.  Anal  cell  short,  as  figured.  Length 
5.0  mm.  (excluding  ovipositor). 

$ .    Third  antennal  joint  rectangular,  rather  sub-mucronate  apically. 

9  .  Similar  with  third  joint  somewhat  subconical  and  apical  angle 
rather  angular.  Sixth  abdominal  segment  twice  as  long  as  fifth  and 
broader. 

Described  from  2  $ ,  i  9  from  Algonquin,  Illinois.  Col- 
lected by  Dr.  Wm.  A.  Nason,  June  28,  1908.  Holotype  and 
Allotype  No.  6017  in  the  American  Entomological  collection. 

This  species  resembles  tennis  Lw.  in  its  build  except  that 
the  head  is  more  elongate.  Collectively  it  is  more  like 
Eumetopiella  rufipes  Lw.  but  may  be  readily  separated  by  the 
submucronate  antennae  and  the  presence  of  well  developed 
humeral  and  posterior  dorsocentral  bristles. 


OBITUARY. 

Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  F.  Stidham. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  Ferdinand  Stidham,  pastor  of  Falls  of 
Schuylkill  Baptist  Church',  Philadelphia,  died  June  9,  1913, 
in  the  parsonage  adjoining  the  church,  Queen  lane  above  Ridge 
Avenue,  Falls  of  Schuylkill. 

Doctor  Stidham  was  the  son  of  Jonas  and  Anna  Stidham, 
and  was  born  November  26,  1837,  in  Baltimore.  His  father 
was  a  well-to-do  farmer.  After  receiving  an  education  in 
the  public  schools,  Doctor  Stidham  entered  Baltimore  College, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1860.  He  then  spent  three 
years  teaching  in  the  college  as  professor  of  theology,  and 
was  ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry  in  1863. 

His  first  charge  was  at  the  Falls  of  Schuylkill  Church, 
where  he  began  his  labors  March  I,  1868.  In  1872,  owing  to 
impaired  health  and  the  advice  of  his  physicians,  he  resigned, 


322  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

to  accept  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  Temple,  in 
Columbus,  Ohio,  where  he  spent  twelve  years. 

While  in  Ohio  he  was  given  the  degree  of  doctor  of  philoso- 
phy by  Denison  University,  and  the  degree  of  doctor  of  laws 
by  Columbus  College.  He  subsequently  spent  twelve  years  as 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church  of  New  Britain,  Con- 
necticut. In  the  fall  of  1897  he  accepted  a  call  to  return  to 
Falls  of  Schuylkill  Church,  and  entered  upon  what  proved 
his  first  and  last  field  of  labor,  January  i,  1898. 

Doctor  Stidham  was  secretary-treasurer  of  the  Philadelphia 
Baptist  Ministers  Conference,  which  recently  elected  him  hon- 
orary secretary  for  life.  He  was  widely  known  in  the  Masonic 
fraternity  in  which  he  was  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason. 
He  was  a  member  of  Mary  Commandery  No.  36,  Knights 
Templar. 

In  1864  he  was  married  to  Miss  Nannie  Button,  of  Balti- 
more, who,  with  a  son,  Ferdinand  Stidham,  of  Boston,  and 
three  daughters,  Mrs.  M.  D.  Stanley,  of  New  Britain,  Conn. ; 
Mrs.  Leonard  Ritter,  of  West  Philadelphia ;  Miss  Edna  Stid- 
ham ;  and  four  grandchildren  survive. — The  North  American 
(Philadelphia),  June  10,  1913. 

Dr.  Stidham  was  an  enthusiastic  amateur  lepidopterist,  and 
had  a  collection  of  exotic  and  domestic  species.  He  was  the 
discoverer  of  a  new  species  of  Plagodis  which  was  taken  at 
his  home  (Falls  of  Schuylkill),  and  named  schuylkillensis  by 
Mr.  J.  A.  Grossbeck.— H.  S. 


Grasshopper  Army  Moving  Eastward  (Orthop.) 
Roswell,  N.  M.,  June  3. — The  column  of  grasshoppers  which  invaded 
Elida,  a  town  in  northeastern  New  Mexico,  last  week,  has  moved  east 
and  is  continuing  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  according  to  advices 
received  here  today.  The  pest  destroyed  most  of  the  small  gardens 
and  lawns  in  Elida.  The  column  is  about  18  miles  in  width.  Its  prog- 
ress is  slow,  the  grasshoppers  not  having  developed  wings. 

Sacramento,  Cal.,  June  3. — From  San  Diego  County,  in  the  south,  to 
Shasta,  in  the  north,  various  sections  of  California  are  in  the  "grip  of 
the  grasshopper,"  and  unless  an  extensive  campaign  of  extermination 
is  prosecuted  by  farmers  and  fruit  growers  heavy  damage  to  some 
crops  may  result.  This  warning  was  given  out  today  by  State  Horti- 
culturist A.  J.  Cook  after  the  receipt  of  reports  of  wide-spread  attacks 
by  the  pests. — The  Public  Ledger  (Philadelphia). 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  323 

Fragments  on  North  American  Insects — V. 

By  A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland, 

Australia. 

1.    Hatching  of  a  Mantid  (Orthop.). 

During  the  last  day  of  January,  1904,  I  found  several  egg- 
cases  of  a  mantid  on  a  shrub  in  the  suburbs  of  Houston,  Tex- 
as. When  the  eggs  hatched  the  young  nymphs  were  still 
within  the  envelope  and  resembled,  then,  small  pupae.  The 
nymph  leaves  the  egg  head  first,  issuing  in  this  case  from  a 
canal-like,  prolonged  end  of  the  ootheca,  and  then  lies  quietly 
upon  the  side  of  the  latter.  Soon  the  envelope  parts  along  the 
dorsum  and  is  drawn  over  the  head  and  then  worked  back 
from  over  the  body  by  squirming  movements,  first  the  an- 
tennae and  then  the  legs  becoming  free.  When  the  last  pair 
of  legs  are  freed,  the  envelope  then  free  from  all  of  the  body 
with  the  exception  of  the  last  two  or  three  abdominal  seg- 
ments, the  nymph  turns  over  upon  its  back  and  pushes  the 
latter  off  with  the  caudal  tarsi.  The  hatching  and  casting  of 
the  envelope  occupies  about  five  minutes.  When  entirely  free 
the  nymph  lies  inert  for  about  another  minute  and  then  sud- 
denly darts  up  and  away. 

A  case  observed  at  10  A.  M.,  May  29,  1904,  is  worth  record- 
ing. The  pronymph  was  first  observed  lying  upon  its  side  upon 
the  egg  case.  It  then  resembled  a  free  pupa,  the  appendages 
extended  along  the  sides,  the  tarsi  projecting  at  right  an- 
gles. The  body  was  gently  squirming  until  after  a  short  while 
the  envelope  parted  along  the  thorax  and  was  with  difficulty 
worked  over  the  head ;  afterward  it  was  very  quickly,  almost 
imperceptibly,  slipped  off  the  body  like  a  glove  from  the  fin- 
ger. When  the  legs  had  been  freed  and  the  envelope  adhering 
only  to  the  last  two  abdominal  segments,  the  nymph  turned 
over  upon  its  back,  propped  up  by  the  knees  of  the  first  and  sec- 
ond pairs  of  legs  and,  somewhat  figuratively,  kicked  the  en- 
veloping integument  off  (not  unlike  the  position  of  a  man  ly- 
ing on  his  back  propped  up  by  the  elbows  and  kicking  with  the 


324  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

feet).  The  nymph  simply  pushed  the  envelope  off  with  the 
posterior  legs,  squirming  the  body  in  the  meanwhile  and  after- 
ward giving  a  few  active  kicks  with  the  legs.  Shortly  after- 
ward, still  lying,  but  in  motion,  the  nymph  suddenly  gained 
its  feet  and  quickly  darted  away.  This  ecdysis  occupied  only 
about  four  minutes.  The  nymph  had  become  normally  colored 
after  two  hours.  It  lived  only  a  week  in  confinement  with- 
out food. 

This  mantid  was  not  any  of  the  common  species  of  the 
United  States.  The  egg  cases  were  rectangular,  with  the 
outer,  upper  end  prolonged  like  a  tuft.  They  were  ochreous 

in  color,  with  a  median  dark  ridge ;  the  lower  end  clasped  the 
twig.  They  were  about  19  mm.  long  and  resembled  somewhat 

the  larvae  of  flannel  moths. 

2.  Adontea  spinuloides,  var.  leucosigma  (Lep.). 
One  caterpillar  of  this  species  was  obtained  May  15,  1902, 
from  apple  at  Blacksburg,  Virginia.  It  was  then  about  two- 
thirds  of  an  inch  long.  After  two  molts  it  was  an  inch  long 
and  had  the  general  appearance  of  a  larva  of  Hemerocam\pa. 
On  June  21  the  larva  commenced  to  construct  a  mat  of  silk 
upon  which  it  again  molted ;  on  June  28,  the  same  operations 
were  repeated,  the  molt  occurring  on  the  afternoon  of  July  i. 
On  July  15  feeding  had  practically  ceased  and  on  the  follow- 
ing day  a  cocoon  was  commenced  by  fastening  together  several 
leaves.  The  cocoon  was  lined  with  the  clothing  of  the  cater- 
pillar's body.  The  moth  emerged  on  August  3,  1902,  or  after 
a  pupal  stage  of  about  sixteen  days.  The  chrysalis  is  stout, 
shining  brown  with  tinges  of  reddish  and  along  the  dorsal 
aspect  hairy,  this  pubescence  being  sandy  in  color  and  pilose. 
By  way  of  markings,  the  chrysalis  bears  near  the  base  of  the 
abdomen  dorsad  two  transverse  rows  of  small  masses  of 
scalelike  bodies  arranged  in  three  areas  in  each  row.  The 
cremaster  ends  in  a  peculiarly  rugged  knotlike  process.  The 
identification  was  made  from  the  moth  by  Mr.  Herman  J. 
Erb,  of  New  York  City. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS. 

[The  Conductors  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  solicit  and  will  thank- 
fully receive  items  of  news  likely  to  interest  its  readers  from  any  source. 
The  author's  name  will  be  given  in  each  case,  for  the  information  of 
cataloguers  and  bibliographers.] 


TO  CONTRIBUTORS.— All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience,  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  has  reached 
a  circulation,  both  in  numbers  and  circumference,  as  to  make  it  neces- 
sary to  put  "copy"  into  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  each  number,  four 
weeks  before  date  of  issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
or  important  matter  for  a  certain  issue.  Twenty-five  "extras,"  without 
change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free,  when  they  are 
wanted;  If  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired,  this  should  be  stated 
on  the  MS.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowledged.  Proof  will 
be  sent  to  authors  for  correction  only  when  specially  requested. — Ed. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  JULY,    1913. 

Entomology  is  a  subject  of  vast  and  ever-increasing  im- 
portance as  the  discoveries,  made  every  year,  of  the  influence 
of  insects  on  human  life,  health,  food,  shelter  and  other  pos- 
sessions abundantly  prove.  Yet  it  is  still  unappreciated  in 
many  quarters,  where,  to  apply  Huxley's  quotation  from 
Dante,  it  is 

put  on  cross  so  much, 

Even  by  those  who  ought  to  give  her  praise, 
Giving  her  wrongly  ill  repute  and  blame. 

Those  who  still  regard  the  study  of  insects  as  unworthy  of 
human  endeavor,  or  as  indicative  of  a  low  degree  of  intelli- 
gence, we  can  triumphantly  refer  to  the  career  of  Sir  John 
Lubbock,  Lord  Avebury,  briefly  sketched  on  another  page  of 
this  issue.  That  many-sided  man,  "banker,  humanitarian, 
man  of  letters,  legislator,  pre-eminent  natural  historian,  did 
many  things  well,"  and  could  most  fitly  have  borne  the  motto 
which  Thomas  Say  adopted  from  Harris :  "As  there  is  no 
part  of  nature  too  mean  for  the  Divine  Presence,  so  there  is 
no  kind  of  subject  having  its  foundation  in  nature  that  is  be- 
low the  dignity  of  a  philosophical  inquiry."  If  a  Lubbock 
could  devote  a  large  part  of  his  "patience  and  spirits  of  wine" 
to  the  investigation  of  a  minute  spring-tail,  or  concern  him- 
self with  the  behavior  of  an  ant,  no  man  with  but  a  fraction 
of  his  genius  or  of  his  achievements  can  be  justified  in  regard- 
ing an  entomologist  with  contempt. 


N.  B. — No  numbers  of  the  NEWS  are  issued  for  August  or 
September. 

325 


326  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

Notes    and.    News. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   GLEANINGS   FROM    ALL   QUARTERS 
OF    THE    GLOBE. 

Limenitis  Ursula  var.  albofasciata  Newcomb   (Lepid.). 

This  variety  was  described  and  figured  in  Psyche  14,  90,  pi.  2,  figs. 
7,  8,  1907.  Mr.  Newcomb  claims  this  white-banded  form  is  not  a  hy- 
brid between  Ursula  and  arthemis,  as  it  occurs  where  artheinis  is  un- 
known. He  gives  the  following  localities— Staten  Island,  Long  Island, 
in  New  York;  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey;  Boston,  Maiden  and  Wol- 
laston,  in  Massachusetts.  A  large  and  handsome  female  of  the  variety 
has  been  captured  at  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia,  by  E.  M.  Cheston. 
Arthemis  has  not  been  captured  anywhere  near  Philadelphia.  The 
nearest  place  to  Philadelphia  where  arthemis  has  been  taken,  so  far  as 
I  am  aware,  is  Shady  Brook,  near  Lopez,  Sullivan  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, by  Mr.  Witmer  Stone.  I  think  Mr.  Newcomb  is  correct 
in  his  conjecture,  that  this  is  not  a  hybrid.  If  a  female  of  this  form  is 
captured  it  would  be  most  interesting  to  know  what  the  progeny  would 
be  like.  The  form  must  occur  rarely,  as  the  territory  of  its  habitat  has 
been  assiduously  collected  over  for  many  years. — HENRY  SKINNER. 

A  Specific  Character  in  the  Genus  Trichogramma  (Hymenoptera). 

In  Australia  I  have  found  a  native  species  of  Trichogramma  lack- 
ing the  cephalic  line  of  discal  cilia  in  the  posterior  wing,  its  character- 
istic. In  the  Sandwich  Islands  occurs  a  native  species  with  the  three 
lines  long  and  complete.  Other  species  common  to  Europe  and  North 
America  are  characterized  by  the  relative  incompleteness  of  one  or 
more  of  these  three  lines  of  ciliation.  On  November  26,  1912,  I  re- 
ceived from  Russia  a  number  of  females  of  a  species  of  the  genus, 
all  of  which  lack  the  cephalic  and  caudal  of  the  three  lines,  the 
middle  line  complete.  I  have  reason  to  think  that  the  arrangement  of 
these  cilia  is  one  of  the  specific  characters  in  the  genus  and  that  al- 
though these  specimens  are  otherwise  like  the  subcosmopolitan 
mimitum  of  Riley,  they  represent  a  distinct  species.  I  have,  perhaps, 
studied  more  species  and  more  specimens  of  this  genus  than  any  other 
hymenopterologist  and  yet  must  confess  that  I  am  still  more  or  less 
uncertain  in  regard  to  whether  this  species  is  distinct.  But  since  the 
evidence  so  far  collected  goes  far  to  show  that  the  minute  differences 
noted  above  are  real  and  of  specific  value,  I  cannot  see  any  other  way 
out  than  to  consider  the  Russian  specimens  as  a  distinct  species  and 
the  same  as  the  species  (Pentartliron  fascia  turn)  recently  described 
by  Perkins  from  Mexico,  reared  from  the  eggs  of  Diatraea  sacchara- 
lis.  They  agree  with  Perkins'  description  except  that  most  of  the 
specimens  are  immaculate,  a  few  with  a  rather  narrow  dusky  band 
across  the  base  of  the  abdomen  and  the  distal  fifth  of  the  same 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


327 


region  dusky.  The  oblique  line  of  the  fore  wing  (from  stigmal  vein, 
caudo-proximad)  was  incomplete,  consisting  of  from  3-6  cilia, 
usually  5  ;  the  long  single  line  of  discal  cilia  of  the  posterior  wing  was 
cephalic,  distad  approaching  the  costal  margin  of  the  wing  which  was 
usually  acuminate. 

Thus,  there  is  scarcely  a  species  in  the  genus  having  the  arrange- 
ment of  these  ciliated  lines  alike,  while  some  of  the  species  differ  from 
others  only  in  differences  in  their  arrangement.  On  the  other  hand, 
coloration  is  very  variable,  even  within  the  same  generation  of  bred 
material.  As  a  matter  of  record,  I  should  state  that  the  above  speci- 
mens were  received  from  the  Poltava  Agricultural  Experiment  Sta- 
tion.— A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland,  Australia. 

Everes  amyntula  and  comyntas   (Lepid.). 

Absolute  characters !  A  hard  thing.  Methinks  Dr.  Skinner  knew 
what  he  was  asking  for  when  he  penned  those  two  words.* 

With  two  species  as  close  as  these  species,  that  are  evidently  in  the 
process  of  mutation,  it  is  quite  impossible  to  give  absolute  characters, 
but  I  think  I  can  give  general  characters  whereby  the  great  majority 
of  specimens  could  be  easily  identified ;  for  ease  of  reference  I  will 
tabulate  them  in  parallel  columns. 


Amyntula. 

Size :  Larger,  generally  much 
larger. 

Shape  :  Wings  decidedly  broader, 
apex  cauter,  termen  nearly 
straight. 

Terminal  border  linear,  generally 
finely  linear,  blackish. 


Comyntas. 

Size,  decidedly  smaller.  I  have 
never  seen  a  specimen  as  large 
as  the  average  amyntula. 

Shape :  Wings  narrower,  apex 
rounded,  termen  well  arched. 

Terminal  border  broadly  blackish 
brown,  often  very  broad. 


Underside. 


Color  whitish  with  a  marked 
white  hoary  appearance. 

Spots  in  primaries  are  short  dash- 
es, rarely  encircled,  marginal 
rows  obsolete. 

Spots  in  secondaries  very  largely 
obsolete,  ocellation  scarcely  ever 
visible. 


Color   decidedly   grayer. 

Spots  are  distinct  ocellated  spots, 
marginal  rows  distinct. 

Spots    in    secondaries,    obsoletion 
very  rare,  ocellation   distinct. 


These  are,  of  course,  general  characters,  but  they  will  certainly  ap- 
ply in  the  great  majority  of  specimens.  Dr.  Skinner  says  that  some 
points  I  got  second  hand.  I  think  I  stated  that  in  my  paper  and  thanked 
my  friends  for  their  kind  aid,  and  now  I  am  glad  to  heartily  thank  Dr. 

*Ent.   News,  May,   1913,  p.  230. 


328  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

Skinner  himself  (whose  personal  acquaintance  I  had  the  pleasure  of 
making  at  the  Oxford  International  Congress  last  August)  for  clear- 
ing up  a  point  that  I  had  been  entirely  unable  to  trace  on  this  side, 
viz. :  the  synonymy  of  Lycaena  tijua  Reakirt  and  monica  Reakirt.  I 
had  quite  come  to  the  conclusion  from  a  study  of  the  description  only 
that  they  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  genus  Everes,  but  probably  be- 
longed to  what  we  now  call  the  Lampididae ;  Dr.  Skinner  has  settled 
the  point  and  has  put  on  record  that  the  types  are  known  and  are 
available  for  inspection,  and  that  Lycaena  tijua  Reakirt  is  a  synonym 
of  Catochrysops  strabo  whilst  Lycaena  monica  is  a  synonym  of  Euchry- 
sops  cnejus.  This  is  an  elucidation  unknown,  I  believe,  on  this  side 
the  water,  and  I  am  glad  to  know  it.  It  is  by  bringing  forward  these 
little  points,  as  Dr.  Skinner  has  done,  that  we  move  a  step  forward. 

G.  T.  BETHUNE-BAKER. 

Members  of  the   International   Commission   of  Zoological 

Nomenclature. 

For  the  information  of  our  readers  we  give  a  list  of  the  members 
of  the  International  Commission  of  Zoological  Nomenclature  of  the 
International  Zoological  Congress,  as  communicated  by  Dr.  Stiles. 

Class  Name  Address. 

1922 — Allen,  Dr.  J.  A.,  Amer.  Museum  of  Natural  History,  77th   St., 

New  York. 

1919 — Apstein,  Prof.  C.,  Zool.  Mus.  Invalidenstr,  43  Berlin,  N.  4. 

1922 — Bather,   Dr.   F.   A.,   Brit.   Mus.    Natural    Hist.,    Cromwell   Road, 

London,   England. 

1919 — Blanchard,  Prof.  R.,  Pres.  Ecole  de  medicine,  Paris,  France. 

1922 — Dautzenberg,  Ph.,  213  rue  de  Universite,  Paris,  France. 

1916 — Hartert,   Dr.  Ernst,   Museum,   Tring,   England. 

1919 — Horvath,    Prof.    Geza,    Mus.    Nat.    hongrois,    Budapest,    Austro- 

Hung. 

1922 — Hoyle,   Dr.  Wm.   Evans,   National   Museum,   Cardiff,   Wales. 

1916 — Jentink,  Dr.  F.  A.,  Museum,  Leiden,  Holland. 

1916 — Jordan,  Pres.  David  S.,  Stanford  Univ.,  Palo  Alto,  Cal.,  U.  S.  A. 

1922 — Jordan,  Dr.  K.,  Tring,  England. 

1922 — Kolbe,  Prof.  H.  J.,  Zool.  Mus.  Invalidenstr  43,  Berlin,  N.  4. 

1916 — Monticello,   Prof.  F.   S.,  Inst.  Zool.  R.   Univ.  Napoli,   Italy. 

1919 — Roule,  Prof.  Louis,  Museum  Nat.  Hist.,   Paris,  France. 

1916 — Schulze,  Gehm.  Prof.  Dr.  F.  E.,  Zool.  Mus.  Inval.,  43  Berlin,  N.  4. 

1916 — Skinner,  Dr.  Henry,  Philadelphia,  Pa.    (Acad.  Nat.  Sciences). 

1916— Stejneger,  Dr.  L.,  Nat.  Mus.,  Washington,  D.  C.,  U.  S.  A. 

1919 — Stiles,  Prof.  C.  \V.,  Secretary.  Permanent,  Hygienic  Laboratory, 
25th  &  E.  Sts.,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Temporary,  U.  S.  Marine 
Hospital,  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  U.  S.  A.  (1913-1914). 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  329 

Kntomological  Literature. 

COMPILED    BY    E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR..    AND    J.    A.    G.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following;  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting  those 
appearing  in  the  January  and  February  issues,  which  are  generally  dated 
the  year  previous. 

All  continued  papers,  with  f«w  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

1 — Proceedings,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 
4 — The  Canadian  Entomologist.  5 — Psyche.  7 — U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  Washington.  9— The  En- 
tomologist, London.  11— Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  His- 
tory, London.  14 — Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  Lon- 
don. 22 — Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  Leipzig.  50 — Proceedings  of  the 
U.  S.  National  Museum.  60 — Anales,  Museo  Nacional  de  Buenos 
Aires.  89 — Zoologische  Jahrbucher,  Jena.  92 — Zeitschrift  fur  wis- 
senschaftliche  Insektenbiologie.  97 — Zeitschrift  fur  wissenschaft- 
liche  Zoologie,  Leipzig.  123 — Bulletin,  Wisconsin  Natural  History 
Society,  Milwaukee.  166 — Internationale  Entomologische  Zeit- 
schrift, Guben.  173 — Die  Grossschmetterlinge  der  Erde,  Fauna 
Americana,  von  A.  Seitz,  Stuttgart.  175— Aus  der  Natur,  Berlin. 
176 — Archiv  fur  entwicklungsmechanik  der  Organismen,  Leipzig. 
H9 — Journal  of  Economic  Entomology.  181 — Guide  to  Nature, 
Sound  Beach,  Conn.  184 — Journal  of  Experimental  Zoology,  Phil- 
adelphia. 193 — Entomologische  Blatter,  Cassel.  195 — Bulletin, 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard  College,  Cambridge, 
Mass.  196 — Arkiv  for  Zoologie,  Stockholm.  216 — Entomologische 
Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.  242— Transactions,  Royal  Society  of 
Canada,  3d  Series,  Ottawa.  275 — Philippine  Journal  of  Science, 
Manila.  279— Jenaische  Zeitschrift  fur  Xaturwissenschaft,  281— 
Annals  of  Tropical  Medicine  and  Parasitology,  University  of  Liv- 
erpool, Series  T.  M.  284— Bulletin,  Museum  National  d'llistoire 
Naturelle,  Reunion  Mensuelle  des  Naturalistes  du  Museum.  Paris. 
291 — Proceedings  of  the  Staten  Island  Association  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  Lancaster,  Pa.  307 — Annales,  Societe  Linneene  de  Lyon 
(n.  ser.).  327 — Scientific  Memoirs  by  Officers  of  the  Medical  and 


330  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '13 

Sanitary  Departments  of  the  Government  of  India  (New  Series), 
Calcutta.  331 — Annual  Report,  Experimental  Farms,  Canada  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  Ottawa.  365— Collections  Zoologiques 
du  Baron  Edm.  de'Selys  Longchamps,  Bruxelles.  368 — The  Monthly 
Bulletin  of  the  State  Commission  of  Horticulture,  Sacramento,  Cal. 
369 — Entomologische  Mitteilungen,  Berlin-Dahlem.  373 — Contri- 
butions to  the  Natural  History  of  the  Lepidoptera  of  North  Amer- 
ica, by  Wm.  Barnes  &  J.  H.  McDunnough,  Decatur,  111.  408— 
Dominion  of  Canada  Department  of  Agriculture  Experimental 
F"arms,  Division  of  Entomology,  Ottawa.  420 — Insecutor  Inscitiae 
Menstruus:  A  monthly  journal  of  entomology,  Washington,  D.  C. 
422 — Coleopterologische  Rundschau,  Wien.  427 — Hawaii  Board 
of  Commissioners  of  Agriculture  and  Forestry,  Honolulu.  429— 
Sarawak  Museum  Journal,  Singapore.  430 — Queensland  Natural- 
ist, Brisbane.  431 — Lotos,  Naturwissenschaftliche  Zeitschrift, 
Prague. 

GENERAL  SUBJECT.  Bretschneider,  F.— Der  centralkorper 
und  die  pilzformigen  korper  im  gehirn  der  insekten,  22,  xli,  560-69. 
Britton,  W.  E.— Recent  studies  on  the  weevil  and  the  bud  moth 
of  the  walnut  and  a  sawfly  attacking  blackberry,  179,  vi,  197-99. 
Dickerson,  Leng  &  Grossbeck. — The  entomological  work  of  John 
B.  Smith,  291,  iv,  17-54.  Ehrhorn,  E.  M.,  et  al. — Report  of  the 
division  of  entomology  for  period  ending  1912,  427,  Report  1912, 
101-151.  Geyer,  K. — Untersuchungen  ueber  die  chemische  zu- 
sammensetzung  der  insektenhamolymphe  und  ihre  bedeutung  fur 
usw.,  97,  cv,  349-499.  Girault,  A.  A. — Notes  on  the  habits  of  a 
few  insects:  1.  Flies  reacting  to  the  odor  of  carbide.  2.  Tettigids 
swimming.  3.  Jealousy  in  pentatomids,  430,  i,  254-55.  Gross, 
A.  O. — The  reactions  of  arthropods  to  monochromatic  lights  of 
equal  intensities,  184,  xiv,  467-514.  Hewitt,  C.  G. — The  imperial 
bureau  of  entomology,  179,  vi,  274-76.  Bibliography  of  Canadian 
entomology  for  1911,  242,  vi,  115-127.  Report  of  the  dominion 
entomologist,  Canada  department  of  agriculture,  331,  1911-12,  173- 
189.  Hunter,  S.  J. — Apparatus  for  maintenance  of  thermal  cli- 
matic conditions,  179,  vi,  196-97.  Krizenecky,  J. — LTeber  die  homo- 
osis  und  doppelbildungen  bei  arthropoden,  22,  xlii,  20-28.  Martini, 
W. — Kleinschmetterlinge  an  langen  nadeln  oder  tragen,  216,  xxvii, 
22-23.  Mayer,  T.  F.  G. — A  new  mosquito-proof  and  storm-proof 
house  for  the  tropics,  281,  vii,  41-44.  Morgan  &  Runner. — Some 
experiments  with  Roentgen  rays  upon  the  cigarette  beetle  (Lasio- 
derma  serricorne),  179,  vi,  226-230.  Morrill,  A.  W. — Entomologi- 
cal pioneering  in  Arizona,  179,  vi,  185-195.  Murtfeldt,  Mary  E.— 
Obituary  notice,  4,  1913,  157;  179,  vi,  288-289.  Nolan,  E.  J.— An 
index  to  the  scientific  contents  of  the  journal  and  proceedings  of 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  331 

the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  1817-1910  (May 
be  procured  upon  payment  of  $3.50  to  Edward  J.  Nolan,  M.D.). 
Poche,  F. — Ueber  die  zeit  der  einfuhrung  der  namen  der  von  La- 
treille  in  seinen  "Families  naturelles  du  Regne  Omimal"  neu  un- 
terschiedenen  gattungen,  369,  ii,  144-45.  Reich,  M. — Beitrag  zur 
quercifolia-zucht,  216,  xxvii,  25-l><>.  Rosenfeld  &  Barber.— Pecu- 
liar effects  of  the  sting  of  a  wasp,  179,  vi,  225.  Townsend, 
C.  H.  T. — The  possible  and  probable  etiology  and  transmission  of 
verruga  fever,  179,  vi,  211-225.  Urich,  F.  W. — Notes  on  some 
Mexican  sugar  cane  insects  from  Santa  Lucrecia,  State  of  Vera 
Cruz,  179,  vi,  247-49.  Van  Dine,  D.  L. — The  insects  affecting  sugar 
cane  in  Porto  Rico,  179,  vi,  251-57.  Van  Horn,  E.— "The  Insects' 
Homer."  The  inspiration  of  the  example  of  Henri  Fabre  (Popu- 
lar), 181,  v,  352-53.  Webster,  R.  L. — The  arrangement  of  material 
in  an  entomological  bulletin,  179,  vi,  180-85.  Zambeu,  C. — Moeurs 
et  metamorphoses  des  insectes:  Coleopteres,  307,  Ivi,  1-49,  lix, 

111-161.  

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Some  fossil  insects  from  Florissant,  Colo. 
50,  xliv.  341-346. 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Bishopp  &  King. — Additional  notes  on  the 
biology  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  spotted-fever  tick,  179,  vi,  200-211. 
Parker,  W.  B. — The  red  spider  on  hops  in  the  Sacramento  Valley 
of  California,  7,  Bui.  117.  Pawlowsky.— Ein  beitrag  zur  morpholo- 
gic der  giftdrusen  der  skorpione,  97,  cv,  157-177.  Tragardh,  I.— 
Contributions  towards  the  comparative  morphology  and  phylogeny 
of  the  Parasitidae  (Gamasidae),  196,  vii,  No  28. 

Ellingsen,  E. — Note  on  some  Pseudoscorpions  in  the  British 
Museum,  11,  xi,  451-455.  Hogg,  H.  R.— Some  Falkland  Island 
spiders,  14,  1913,  37-50. 

APTERA  AND  NEUROPTERA.  Cholodkovsky,  N.— Zur 
kenntnis  des  trichopteren-  und  lepidopterenhoden,  22,  xlii,  43-45. 
Cummings,  B.  F. — On  some  points  in  the  anatomy  of  the  mouth- 
parts  of  the  Mallophaga,  14,  1913.  128-141.  Rosen,  K.  B.  v.— Stu- 
dien  am  sehorgan  der  Termiten 89,  xxxv,  625-664. 

Banks,  N. — Neuropteroid  insects  collected  on  the  Stanford  ex- 
pedition to  Brazil,  1911,  5,  xx,  83-89.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— The 
genus  Phryganea  in  the  Florissant  shales,  5,  xx,  95-6.  Cockerell, 
T.  D.  A. — (See  under  General.)  Muttkowski,  R.  A. — New  spp.  of 
dragon  flies,  123,  x,  164-70.  Navas,  R.  P.  L. — Neuropteres  nou- 
veaux  de  1'Amerique  du  Nord,  216,  xxvii,  19-20.  Newmann, 
L.  G. — Sur  le  genre  "Laemobothrion"  Nitzsch,  284,  1912,  339-42. 
Ris.— Libellulinen,  365,  fasc.  15,  837-964.  Zacher,  F.— Bemerkun- 
gen  zuin  "Psyllidaum  Catalogus"  von  G.  Aulmann,  369,  ii,  148-153. 


332 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    ' 


ORTHOPTERA.  Barber,  M.  A. — The  susceptibility  of  cock- 
roaches to  plague  bacilli  inoculated  into  the  body  cavity,  275,  Sec. 
B.,  vii,  521-24.  Cholodkovsky,  N. — Ueber  die  spermatodosen  der 
locustiden,  22,  xli,  615-19.  Janda,  V. — Fuhlerahnliche  heteromor- 
phosen  an  stelle  von  augen  bei  "Stylopyga  orientalis"  und  "Tene- 
l>rio  molitor,"  178,  1913,  1-3.  Parrott  &  Fulton. — Notes  on  tree  crick- 
ets, 179,  vi,  177-180. 

Borelli,  A. — Dermapteres  nouveaux  ou  pen  connus  du  Museum 
c!e  Paris,  284,  1912,  221-240.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— (See  under  Gen- 
eral.) Rehn,  J.  A.  G. — Descriptions  and  records  of  So.  Am.  O.,  with 
the  description  of  a  n.  subsp.  from  Clarion  Id.,  1,  1913,  82-113. 

HEMIPTERA.  Haseman,  L. — Peach  "stop  back"  and  tarnished 
plant  bug  (Lygus  pratensis).  The  apple  leaf-hopper  (Empoasca 
mali),  179,  vi,  237-243.  Heidemann,  O. — The  sugar-cane  tingid 
<"rom  Mexico  (Monanthia  tabida),  179,  vi,  249-51.  Parker,  W.  B.— 
The  hop  Aphis  in  the  pacific  region,  7,  Bui.  111.  Wagner,  W.— 
Ueber  die  biologic  von  "Conomelus  limbatus,"  92,  ix,  120-22.  Wil- 
sie,  W.  E. — The  date  palm  scales  and  their  control,  368,  ii,  538-39. 

Bergroth,  E. — The  habitat  of  "Rhogas  indicus,"  4,  1913,  134. 
Brethes,  J. — Descripcion  de  un  n.  gen.  y  especie  de  Cochinilla  de  la 
Rep.  Argentina,  60,  xxiii,  279-81.  Townsend,  C.  H.  T.— (See  under 
Diptera.) 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Biddle,  E.— "Hybernation"  of  Pyrameis  ata- 
lanta,  9,  1913,  171.  Burgess,  A.  F. — Remarks  on  gipsy  moth,  179, 
vi,  258-59.  Cholodkovsky,  N. —  (See  under  Neuroptera.)  Dyar, 
H.  G. — The  larva  of  "Trichostibas  parvula"  and  "Xantho- 
pastis  timais,"  420,  i,  48-50.  Frohawk,  F.  W.— The  life-history  of 
"Coenonympha  tiphon,"  9,  1913,  145-48.  Jones,  T.  H. — Some  notes 
on  "Laphygma  frugiperda"  in  Porto  Rico,  179,  vi,  230-36.  Lin- 
stow,  Dr. — Animalische  nahrung  der  raupen,  166,  vii,  27-28.  Mul- 
ler-Rutz,  J. — Entomologische  praxis  in  hinsicht  der  microlepi- 
doptera,  216,  xxvii,  27-29.  Richter,  V. — Zur  morphologic  einiger 
lepidoptereneier,  431,  Ix,  1-6,  251-253.  Swaine,  J.  M. — Tent  cater- 
pillars, 408,  Circ.  1.  Townsend,  C.  H.  T.— The  1912  outbreak  of 
'Alabama  argillacea"  in  Peru,  179,  vi,  244-46.  Venables,  E.  P. — A 
note  on  "Grapta  j-album,"  4,  1913,  157. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough. — Illustrations  of  rare  and  typical  L. 
The  N.  Am.  sp.  of  the  liparid  gen.  Olene.  New  N.  Am.  L.  with 
notes  on  described  sp.,  373,  ii,  Nos.  1-3,  1-162.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. 
—(See  under  General.)  Dyar,  H.  G. — The  American  sp.  of  "Dy- 
sodia,"  420,  i,  37-45.  Fruhstorfer,  H.— Brassolidae,  Morphidae, 
173,  fasc.  41,  42.  Seitz,  A.— Castniidae,  173,  fasc.  43, 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  333 

DIPTERA.  Burrill,  A.  C. — Economic  and  biologic  notes  on 
the  giant  midge  (Chironomus  plumosus),  123,  x,  124-163.  Cragg, 
,F.  W. — Studies  on  the  mouth  parts  and  sucking  apparatus  of  the 
blood-sucking  D.,  327,  Nos.  58,  59.  Graenicher,  S. — Records  of 
Wisconsin  D.,  123,  x,  171-185.  Lahille,  F. — Sobre  un  Anopheles, 
una  Stegomyia  y  la  notacion  de  las  nervaduras  alares  de  los  mos- 
quitos,  60,  xxiii,  253-264.  Mitzmain,  M.  B. — The  role  of  "Stomo- 
xys  calcitrans"  in  the  transmission  of  "Trypanosoma  evansi," 
275,  Sec.  B.,  vii.  475-520.  Wallis,  J.  B.— (See  under  Coleoptera.) 

Alexander,  C.  P. — A  synopsis  of  part  of  the  neotropical  crane- 
flies  of  the  subfamily  Limnobinae,  50,  xliv,  481-549.  Brues,  C.  T. 
—A  n.  sp.  of  Phoridae  from  New  England,  5,  xx,  90-91.  Chris- 
tophers, S.  R. — Contributions  to  the  study  of  color  marking  and 

other    variable    characters     of     Anophelinae 281.    vii,    45-100. 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — A  new  gall  on  Peritoma  serrulatum.  179,  vi. 
279-80.  Felt,  E.  P. — "Itonida  anthici,"  n.  sp.,  179,  vi,  278-79. 
Gahan,  A.  B. — (See  under  Hymenoptera).  Malloch,  J.  R. — Notes 
on  some  American  D.  of  the  genus  Fannia,  with  descriptions  of 
n.  sp.,  50,  xliv,  621-631.  A  n.  gen.  and  2  n.  sp.  of  Chloropidae,  420, 
i,  46-48.  Melander,  A.  L. — A  synopsis  of  the  Sapromyzidae,  5, 
xx,  57-82.  Surcouf,  J. — Note  synoptique  sur  un  D.  de  la  collec- 
tion de  Macquart,  284,  1912,  146.  Townsend,  C.  H.  T. — Muscoid 
parasites  of  the  cotton-stainer  and  other  Lygaeids,  5,  xx,  91-94. 

COLEOPTERA.  Blunck,  H.— Kleine  beitrage  zur  kenntnis  de> 
geschlechtslebens  und  der  metamorphose  der  Dytisciden.  22,  xli. 
534-546  (cont.).  Davis,  J.  J. — The  life  cycle  of  "Lachnosterna  tris- 
tis,"  179,  vi,  276-78.  Gahan,  C.  J. — On  some  singular  larval  forms 
of  beetles  to  be  found  in  Borneo,  429,  i,  61-65.  Janda,  V. —  (See 
under  Orthoptera).  Kemner,  A. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  einiger 
schwedischen  koleopterenlarven,  196,  vii,  No.  31.  Klein,  R. — 
Biologische  beobachtungen  an  Chrysomela  fastuosa,  193,  1913, 
122-128  (cont.).  Maskew,  F.— Sweet  potato  weevil  (Cylas  for- 
micarius"),  368,  ii.  535-37.  Reum,  W. — Wie  ich  Meloe  prapariere, 
422,  ii,  81-82.  Rosch,  P.— Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  entwick- 
lungsgeschichte  der  Strepsiptera,  279,  1,  97-146.  Scholz, 
M.  F.  R. — Der  schnellapparat  der  elateriden  (schnellkafer  oder 
schmiede).  175,  ix,  526-29.  Wallis,  J.  B.— Robber-fly  and  tiger- 
beetle.  4,  1913.  135.  Weiss,  H.  B.— Notes  on  the  death  feint  of 
"Calandra  oryzae,"  4,  1913,  135-37.  Wintersteiner,  F.— Environment 
of  Hydrophilidae  (not  Hydrophidae).  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  xxi, 
54-55. 


Arrow,   G.   J.— Some    n.    sp.    of  lamellicorn   bettles    from    Brazil, 
11,  xi,  456-466.     Bruch,   C.— "Oxycorynus   helleri"  un   nuevos   gor- 


334  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

gojo  argentine,  60,  xxiii,  265-67.  Kerremans,  C. — Monographic 
des  Buprestides,  vi,  liv.  7-9,  pp.  193-288.  Lesne,  M.  P. — Notes 
sur  les  C.  Terediles,  284,  1912,  404-409.  Sicard,  Dr. — Descriptions 
de  Coccinellides  de  la  collection  du  Museum  de  Paris  provenant 
des  chasses  a  Cochabamba  (Bolivie),  284,  1912,  303-311. 

HYMENOPTERA.  Braue,  A. — Die  pollensammelapparate  der 
beinsammelnden  bienen,  279,  1,  1-96.  Brauns,  H. — Biologic  sud- 
afrikanischer  Apiden,  92,  ix,  116-120  (cont.).  Fawcett,  H.  S. — Fun- 
gus gardens  cultivated  by  ants,  368,  ii,  539-40.  Rosenfeld  &  Barber. 
(See  under  General.) 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— (See  under  General.)  Crawford,  J.  C.— 
Notes  on  some  sp.  of  the  gen.  "Prosopis,"  4,  1913,  154-56.  Gahan, 
A.  B. — New  Ichneumonoidea  parasitic  on  leaf-mining  diptera,  4, 
1913,  145-154.  Wheeler,  W.  M.— The  ants  of  Cuba.  195,  liv,  477- 
505.  Viereck,  H.  L. — Descriptions  of  6  n.  gen.  and  12  n.  sp.  of 
ichneumon  flies,  50,  xliv,  639-648. 


MlMIKRY     UNO    VERWANDTE     ERSCHEINUNGEN     VOn     DR.     ARNOLD     JACOBI, 

Direktor  des  Konigl.  Zoologischen  Museums  in  Dresden.  Braunsch- 
weig, Friedr.  Vieweg  &  Sohn.  1913.  I2mo.  pp.  ix,  215.  31  text  fig- 
ures, some  colored.  In  paper  covers  8  Marks,  in  linen  binding  8 
M.  50  pf. 

This  is  volume  47  of  "Die  Wissenschaft,"  a  series  of  small  mono- 
graphs in  natural  science  and  technology,  issued  by  the  publishers 
named.  Its  plan  is  thus  stated  in  the  preface:  "The  subject  of  mimi- 
cry has  the  greater  claim  to  be  represented  in  this  collection  because 
neither  German  nor  foreign  literature  possesses  a  comprehensive  and 
critical  treatment  of  it  corresponding  to  our  present  knowledge.  Who- 
ever seeks  information  in  this  direction  must  go  either  to  the  older 
books  or  to  newer  ones  which  have  hardly  been  based  on  original 
sources  and  supply  no  literary  references.  I  have  been  concerned  to 
work  over  all  the  writings  of  any  importance  for  mimicry,  in  the  sense 
in  which  I  have  accepted  it,  and  have  attempted  to  offer  these  fruits  of 
many  years  of  often  far-reaching  study  to  the  reader  in  such  a  form 
as  will  not  only  acquaint  him  with  the  main  features  of  the  great  store 
of  facts  and  their  significance,  but  also  furnish  him  with  a  basis  for 
drawing  his  own  conclusions.  Space  permits  indeed  only  a  very 
limited  choice  of  material  which  is  in  no  proportion  to  the  abund- 
ance of  that  which  has  appeared,  especially  in  English  and  which  is 
difficult  to  arrange,  yet  I  have  tried  to  help  him  who  wishes  more  by 
careful  references  to  the  sources  of  information,  based  almost  always 
on  personal  and  careful  knowledge  of  them.  ...  In  the  allotment 
of  material  I  held  it  advisable  to  give  more  space  to  the  less  known 
topics,  such  as  the  mimicking  of  ants,  because  they  appear  to  me  more 
certain  and  more  susceptible  of  direct  proof  than  the  deceiving  mimi- 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  335 

cry  of  the  Lepidoptera  which  often  rests  on  weak  supports.     My  own 
attitude  toward  the  latter  is  to  be  seen  in  the  concluding  section." 

The  author's  starting  points  are  the  variation  in  colors  of  animals, 
the  close  relation  between  color  and  the  conditions  of  life,  all  color 
variations  not  necessarily  useful,  but  some  kinds  may  be  so  (p.  3),  and 
thus  the  contents  of  the  book  are  grouped  under  the  four  headings  of : 
I.  Schutzfarbung  (protective  coloration).  II.  Schiitzende  Aehnlichkeit 
(protecting  resemblance).  III.  Warnfarbung  (warning  coloration)  and 
IV.  Mimikry  oder  schiitzende  Nachaffung  (mimicry  or  protecting 
mimicking).  To  these  four  chapters  are  devoted  7,  34,  17  and  141 
pages  respectively.  "Schutzfarbung"  is  the  assumption  by  an  animal 
of  the  color  only  of  its  surroundings ;  "schiitzende  Aehnlichkeit"  in- 
volves both  color  and  form  of  the  environment.  The  looseness  with 
which  many  writers  have  employed  the  term  mimicry  is  justly  con- 
demned and  the  original  meaning  is  emphasized  as  "the  protecting 
resemblance  to  avoided  animals  of  other  animals  dwelling  in  the  same 
place."  (p.  64). 

After  general  consideration  of  mimicry  in  vertebrates,  spiders  and 
insects,  special  sections  are  devoted  to  "Sphecoidie,"  or  mimicking  of 
stinging  Hymenoptera ;  "Myrmecoidie"  or  the  mimicking  of  ants;  the 
mimicking  of  beetles ;  mimicry  among  Lepidoptera ;  and  the  general 
characteristics  of  mimetic  Lepidoptera. 

The  examples  cited  throughout  the  book,  while  not  limited  to  in- 
sects, are  largely  drawn  from  that  class.  Although  a  four  page  biblio- 
graphy is  given  at  the  conclusion  of  the  text,  many  other  references  to 
papers  of  less  importance  appear  in  the  footnotes  all  through  the 
work.  Various  theories,  as  natural  selection,  orthogenesis,  are  con- 
sidered in  their  explanations  of  color  phenomena.  The  author  will 
not  accept  the  views  of  Weismann  in  their  entirety,  nor  does  he  hesi- 
tate to  criticise  the  exponents  of  both  opposed  schools  of  interpreta- 
tion of  the  value  of  colors,  such  as  Professor  Poulton  and  Mynheer 
Piepers.  He  concludes  that  "the  theory  of  protecting  adaptations  by 
color  and  form  has  probability"  (p.  42),  and  inclines  "to  explain  the 
theory  of  mimicry  in  relation  to  Lepidoptera  as  a  disproved  hypothesis, 
a  great,  although  also  scientifically  highly  fruitful,  error  of  nature- 
investigation"  (p.  199). 

Dr.  Jacobi's  book  seems  to  have  achieved  the  object  which  he  sets 
forth  in  his  preface  in  an  excellent  and  very  useful  way. — P.  P.  C.  (Ad- 
vertisement). 


\Ye  are  requested  to  state  that  Mr.  A.  G.  Scorers'  Entomologists' 
Log-Book  and  Dictionary  of  the  Life-Histories  and  Food  Plants  of 
the  British  Macro-Lepidoptera,  noticed  in  the  NEWS  for  June,  page  285, 
may  be  obtained  in  the  United  States  from  E.  P.  Button  &  Co.,  681 
Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.  (Advertisement). 


336  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,    '13 

Doings  of  Societies. 

FELDMAN   COLLECTING   SOCIAL. 

Meeting  of  March  19,  1913,  at  1523  South  Thirteenth 
Street,  Philadelphia.  Ten  members  present;  Mr.  H.  L.  Yier- 
eck,  visitor.  President  Haimbach  in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Viereck  described  the  system  now  used  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum  for  arranging  the  insect  collection.  Cork- 
lined  trays  of  various  sizes  are  used  for  each  species,  so  that 
when  rearranging  takes  place  an  entire  species  can  be  handled 
at  one  time  instead  of  only  one  specimen  as  heretofore. 

Mr.  Wenzel,  Sr.,  described  the  routine  work  of  his  collec- 
tion and  exhibited  two  boxes  of  Hydrophilids  wonderfully 
mounted  and  arranged  by  Mr.  Wenzel,  Jr.  This  led  to  a  gen- 
eral discussion  on  collections  and  collectors,  mostly  the  latter. 
Adjourned  to  the  annex. 


Meeting  of  April  16,  1913,  at  1523  South  Thirteenth  Street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Twelve  members  present ;  Mr.  H.  L. 
Viereck,  visitor.  President  Haimbach  in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Wenzel  exhibited  two  specimens  of  Rhyacionia  wen- 
zeli  Kearf.  (Lep.),  bred  April  15  and  16,  1913,  from  the 
pitch  swellings  made  by  these  insects  on  Virginia  pine,  Finns 
virginianus  Miller,  which  had  been  found  at  Red  Bank,  New 
Jersey. 

Mr.  Daecke  recorded  a  specimen  of  Clerus  ichneumoneus 
Fabr.  (Col.)  collected  at  Rockville,  Pennsylvania,  March  30, 
1913,  hibernating  under  bark,  and  said  this  was  most  likely 
an  adult  from  last  year. 

Mr.  Harbeck  exhibited  the  species  of  Exoprosopa  (Dip.) 
which  are  in  the  New  Jersey  list,  and  with  them  a  specimen 
of  this  genus  from  Surf  City,  New  Jersey,  August  23,  1911, 
entirely  different. 

Mr.  J.  W.  Green  exhibited  some  walking  sticks  from  Santa 
Marta,  Colombia,  collected  by  himself  December  26,  1910. 
These  were  more  peculiar  looking  than  our  local  form  and 
also  have  short  antennae. 

Mr.  Geo.  M.  Greene  exhibited  a  male  of  Mutilla  slossonac 
Fox  (Hym.)  from  Loggerhead  Key,  Dry  Tortugas,  Florida, 
July  8,  1912,  from  the  Rehn  and  Hebard  material.  This  is 
the  second  specimen  known,  the  type  being  in  the  collection  of 
the  American  Entomological  Society. 

Mr.  Viereck  said  he  had  caught  two  Scolytids  flying  two 
weeks  ago  under  a  hemlock  along  the  Wissahickon. 

Adjourned  to  the  annex.      GEO.   M.   GREENE,   Secretary. 


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OCTOBER,  1913. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXIV. 


No.  8 


Titian  Ramsey  Peale   (1800-1885). 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  XI. 


ABNORMAL    WING    FORMATIONS. -RAU  AND  HOSENFELT. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY    OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL.  XXIV. 


OCTOBER,   1913. 


No.  8. 


CONTENTS: 


Rau  and  Hosenfelt— Abnormal  Wing: 
Formations  in  Satnia  cecropia  and 
S.  californica  ( Lep. ) 337 

Girault — Fragments  on  North  Ameri- 
can Insects— VI  (Lep.,  Hym.,  Hem., 
Dipt.,  Col.) 338 

Leussler— The  Butterflies  of  Omaha, 
Nebraska  (Lep  ) 344 

Stoner — Notes  on  some  Beetles  reared 
from  a  dead  elm  stick  (Coleop. ). . .  352 

Schroers — Observations  on  the  Lepi- 
doptera  of  St.  Louis  and  Vicinity 
during:  iqia 354 

Wolley  Dod  — Notes  on  some  North 
American  Noctuidae  (Lep.) 356 

Bishopp — The  Occurrence  of  the  Aus- 
tralian Cattle  Tick  and  the  Brown 
Dog-Tick  in  Key  West,  Ftorida 
(Acarina.  Ixodoidea) 366 

Editorial— A  Utilitarian  Value  of  Ento- 
mology    369 

Changes  of  Address 370 

Girault— Lepidopterous  Eggs  from  the 
Stomach  of  a  Wren 370 


Vanatta — The  Zimmermann  Collection 

of  Coleoptera 371 

Girault— Mantid  eggs  apparently  eaten 

bv  birds  ..  371 

Girault — Hymenoptera  Chalcidoidea 

eaten  bv  birds 371 

Ants  crossing  water  I  Hymen  )  372 

Girault — A  Dragonfly  depositing  eggs 

in  a  rainpool  over  concrete  ( Odon  )  372 
Williamson— Some  Colorado  Dragon- 
fly records  (Odonata) 372 

Calyert— The  true  male  of  Nehalennia 

integrirollis  and  N.  pallidula  n.  sp. 

( Odon  ) 373 

Joicey— The  Druce  Collection  of  Lepi- 

doptera 374 

Beth  une-Baker — M  aterial  Wanted 

(I-ep. ) 374 

The  Audubon  Entomological  Club 374 

Entomological  Literature 375 

Review  of  Kellogg's  Distribution  and 

Species-forming  of  Ecto-Parasites  382 
Review  of  Junk's  Bibliographia  Lepi- 

dopterologica 382 

Obituary— Dr.  Horace  Jayne 383 


Abnormal  Wing  Formations  in  Samia  cecropia  and 

S.  californica  (Lep.). 

By  PHIL  RAU  and  GEO.  H.  HOSENFELT,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

(Plate  XI) 

A  female  Samia  cecrdpia,  having  a  fifth  wing  emerged  from 
its  cocoon  on  May  6, 1904.  This  cocoon  was  one  of  a  lot  of 
forty  which  were  taken  in  the  southwestern  part  of  St.  Louis. 

The  figure  makes  any  further  description  superfluous  ex- 
cepting that  the  supernumerary  wing  is  in  no  way  connected 
with  the  normal  one,  and  the  attachment  of  the  wing  to 
the  thorax  is  quite  independent  of  the  others.  This  wing 
is  an  exception  to  those  usually  recorded  in  that  it  is 
only  slightly  aborted.  This  female  differs  from  the  male  of 
the  same  species  recorded  by  Bateson  in  that  this  supernu- 
merary wing  is  a  complete  repetition  of  the  left  secondary 
wing,  markings  and  all,  whereas  the  one  Bateson*  records 

*  Materials  for  the  Study  of  Variation,  p.  283. 


337 


ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

(quoting  Strecker)  is  a  repetition  of  only  the  anterior  part 
of  the  left  primary  wing. 

It  would  be  well  to  record  abnormal  wing  formations  since 
Bateson  tells  us,  "In  some  cases  the  extra  wing  is  a  close  copy 
of  a  normal  structure ;  in  others  it  seems  to  be  more  or  less 
deformed.  No  genuine  case  of  an  extra  wing  present  on 
both  sides  of  the  body  is  known  to  me." 

The  upper  illustration  showing  the  ocellar  marking  on 
the  left  fore-wing  of  Saiuia  calif ornica  is  of  an  insect 
which  came  from  Sonoma  County,  California.  This  male 
emerged  on  May  30,  1912,  and  was  normal  in  every  respect 
excepting  the  "eye-spot''  in  the  left  primary.  This  spot  is  a 
hole  in  the  insect's  wing,  the  periphery  of  this  hole  being 
white,  edged  off  with  a  small  band  of  brown.  It  was  at  first 
thought  that  the  insect  had  met  with  an  accident,  but  since 
the  color  was  displaced  and  the  edges  around  the  hole  were 
not  broken  but  smoothly  finished  off,  we  concluded  it  must 
have  acquired  this  condition  before  leaving  the  cocoon.  Bate- 
son,  who  goes  into  details  concerning  the  eye-spots  in  Lepi- 
doptera,  mentions  no  case  in  any  of  his  citations  showing  a 
similar  condition  of  wing  formation. 


Fragments  on  North  American  Insects — VI. 

3y  A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland, 

Australia. 
1.    The  Effects  of  the  Partial  Amputation  of  the  Antennae  (Lep.). 

Several  times  in  June,  1902  and  1903,  I  removed  most  of 
the  antennae  from  one  or  two  specimens  of  Bombycid, 
Agaristid  and  Arctiiad  moths  by  snipping  them  off  near  base 
with  scissors.  The  remaining  stumps  were  usually  not  more 
than  an  eighth  of  an  inch  long.  The  effect  seemed  to  be  that 
the  mutilated  moths  became  quite  helpless  but  active.  The 
flight  was  irregular  and  all  locomotion  tended  to  be  circular 
or  one-sided ;  if  one  stump  was  longer  it  seemed  to  have  more 
control,  the  movement  being  in  relation  to  it  and  probably 
causing  the  circular  flight.  In  one  moth,  the  stumps  were 
in  constant  movement  and  the  insect  appeared  to  be  trying 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  339 

to   make   the    fore   legs   function   as   antennae   and   once   the 
maxillae. 

2.     The  Occurrence  of  Heliothis  obsoleta  (Fabricius)  in  North 

Queensland  (Lep.). 

Early  in  April,  1912  (April  10),  I  hastily  examined  a  field 
of  corn  near  Nelson  (Cairns  District),  North  Queensland, 
Australia,  and  found  it  badly  infested  with  the  cotton  boll- 
worm  of  the  Southern  United  States  and  elsewhere.  The 
injury  to  the  ears  was  characteristic  and  such  larvae  as  were 
found  could  not  be  mistaken  by  one  familiar  with  the  young 
of  the  species.  Several  eggs  were  also  found  on  the  silk.  The 
occurrence  is  worth  recording,  since  the  insect,  I  believe,  has 
never  been  recorded  from  this  region,  though  known  years 
since  to  occur  in  the  southern  portions  of  the  state.  The 
caterpillars  found  were  in  stadia  II  and  IV.  Most  of  the 
corn  was  about  half  mature,  referring  to  the  ears,  the  plant 
long  since  grown.  A  week  later,  the  insect  was  observed 
in  another  field  of  Indian  corn  growing  among  sugar  cane, 
five  miles  nearer  Cairns.  It  is  well  established  in  North 
Queensland,  evidently,  but  I  did  not  see  it  in  a  cotton  field 
visited  for  a  short  while. 

3.  Fragments  on  Icthyura  inclusa  var.  palla  (Lep.). 
Colonies  of  the  caterpillars  of  this  species  at  Blacksburg, 
Virginia,  were  obtained  from  willow,  June  28,  1902.  The 
nests  containing  a  colony  usually  surrounded  two  slender 
twigs  with  their  foliage.  The  colonies  were  combined  and  fed, 
all  in  one  rearing-cage.  On  July  9,  after  several  days  of  ne- 
glect, all  of  the  caterpillars  attempted  to  pupate,  though  most 
were  certainly  not  fullgrown.  The  action  was  obviously  an 
adaptive  one.  The  cocoons  were  constructed  between  two 
leaves  or  else  merely  in  the  web  of  the  nest.  Very  few  of  the 
larvae  succeeded  in  changing  themselves.  On  July  19,  the 
moths  commenced  to  appear  and  they  were  transferred  to 
another  cage  in  order  to  mate  them.  On  July  21  a  pair  were 
observed  mating,  the  female  above,  hanging  from  the  top  of 
the  cage  by  her  conspicuous  fore  legs,  the  male  hanging  head 
downward  from  the  tip  of  the  abdomen  of  the  female,  the 


34°  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct., '13 

two  held  together  by  the  claspers  only;  the  act  occupies  an 
hour  or  more.  The  following  day  (July  22)  eggs  were  found; 
at  first  these  are  pinkish,  changing  as  the  embryo  reaches 
perfection  to  purple,  or  rarely,  a  bright  orange  or  red ;  just 
before  hatching,  they  are  lavender  in  color.  The  mass  noted 
above  hatched  early  in  the  morning  of  August  5,  or  after 
about  fourteen  days  plus.  Ichneumonoid  parasites  of  the 
larva  were  common. 

Hatching  in  this  species  occurs  by  means  of  eating  a  round- 
ed piece  out  of  the  top  of  the  egg.  One  female  deposited 
two  masses  of  eggs  totaling  a  hundred  and  thirteen.  On  July 
14,  1902,  a  colony  was  taken  from  cottonwood  or  Carolina 
poplar. 

4.    The  Occurrence  of  Acronycta  hamamelis  in  Virginia  (Lep.). 

Larvae  of  the  species  were  captured  from  oak,  August  26  and  Sep- 
tember 2,  1902.  A  larva  captured  on  the  first  date  made  a  cocoon 
early  in  September. 

5.    The  Number  of  Pteromalids  From  a  Single  Chrysalis  (Hym.). 

At  Blacksburg,  Virginia,  May  21,  1902,  two  parasitized  chrysalids  of 
Basilarchia  archippus  Cramer  were  given  to  me  by  Professor  William 
B.  Alwood.  The  pteromalids  emerged  on  May  28.  From  one  chry- 
salid,  there  were  obtained  three  hundred  and  seventy-five.  The  species 
was  probably  Pteromalus  graptae  Howard,  though  it  is  not  sure. 

6.    Hidden  Aphid  Eggs  (Hemip.). 

Once  when  I  was  examining  an  eggmass  of  Malacosoma 
americana,  the  well-known  black  eggs  of  a  species  of  Aphidae 
were  found  hidden  in  the  spaces  between  the  eggs  of  the  bot- 
tom of  the  mass,  or  that  part  of  the  mass  which  was  next 
to  the  twig.  Subsequently  numerous  cases  of  this  kind  were 
observed.  The  tree  was  apple,  Blacksburg,  Virginia,  Febru- 
ary, 1903.  Since  the  overwintering  eggs  of  the  aphids  are 
not  deposited  until  late  in  the  autumn  and  the  overwintering 
eggs  of  the  moths,  months  previously,  early  in  summer,  it 
is  a  mystery  how  the  aphid  eggs  were  thus  deposited. 

7.     Trypeta  polita  Loew  (Dip.). 

The  small,  roundish  galls  of  this  dipteron  are  found  dur- 
ing the  winter  in  Virginia  on  composites.  The  interior  of  the 
gall  is  pithy  and  may  contain  two  larval  cells,  though  I  be- 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  341 

lieve  one  is  the  usual  number.  A  number  of  galls  collected 
from  Solidago  in  the  winter  of  1903  yielded  the  adult  flies  on 
May  13  and  15.  A  eurytomid  also  appeared.  The  fly  was 
identified  by  Coquillett.  The  exit-hole  is  large  and  round. 

8.  Number  of  Chalcidoid  Parasites  from  Arctiiad  Pupae  (Hym.). 
Three  arctiiad  pupae  were  found  at  Blacksburg,  Virginia,  June  25, 
1902,  under  fence  rails  lying  upon  the  ground.  All  were  parasitized. 
From  one,  a  hundred  and  fifteen  parasites  emerged,  while  from  a  sec- 
ond only  forty-four.  The  other  was  lost.  Neither  host  or  parasite 
is  known. 

9.     The   Fowlbug,    Cimex    columbarius   Jenyns    (Hemip.). 

An  adult  of  this  relative  of  the  common  bedbug  captured 
in  a  henhouse  at  Anacostia,  District  of  Columbia,  September 
24,  1905,  and  placed  within  an  ordinary  physician's  pillbox, 
retained  its  normal  color  until  death  occurred  on  March  31, 
1906.  It  was  not  fed  and  lived  in  captivity  a  hundred  and 
eighty-eight  days  without  nourishment.  It  was  recently  fed 
when  captured  and  of  the  female  sex.  Another  female  was 
captured  at  the  same  time,  and  similarly  kept ;  it  died  about 
the  middle  of  December  following.  Both  were  alone.  The 
second  female  produced  seven  young,  which  hatched  by  Oc- 
tober ii.  A  third  adult  died  a  few  days  after  capture,  though 
it  had  been  fed  once  upon  recently  born  mice  (Mus).  A 
nymph  (fifth  stage)  captured  with  the  others  molted  to  adult 
on  September  29  and  died  on  October  7,  1905  ;  it  was  not  fed. 

Three  nymphs  of  the  first  stage  were  fed  on  human  blood 
by  giving  them  access  to  a  lower  portion  of  the  fore-arm, 
November  15,  1906: 

1.  Began   feeding  at    i  :i~l/2  p.  m. 

First  blood  entered    i  :ig      p.  m. 

First  blood  entered  abdomen    i  125       p.  m. 

Ceased  feeding,  wholly  colored   I  126       p.  m. 

Commenced  again   1:27      p.  m. 

Ceased,   about   half   gorged    1:30       p.  m. 

2.  Began    feeding    1:44       p.  m. 

First  blood   entered    i  1441/2  p.  m. 

First  blood   entered   abdomen    i  '.44^/4  p.  m. 

Ceased  feeding,  gorged  1:47      p.  m. 

3.  Began   feeding    1:37      p.  m. 

Ceased,    gorged    1:39      p.  m. 


342  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

Upon  comparing  the  first  larval  stages  of  columbarius  and 
lectularius  the  following  were  found :  the  coloration  is  the 
same,  the  structure  appears  to  be  identical  in  both,  the  anten- 
nae are  four-jointed,  the  distal  two  joints  long  and  slender, 
the  distal  joint  longest,  the  proximal  joint  very  short,  the 
second  joint  about  half  the  length  of  the  third,  but  stouter; 
tarsi  two- jointed,  the  first  joint  very  short.  Thus,  the  adult 
differences  do  not  hold  for  the  young  larvae. 

10.     Coccinellids  Probably  Feeding  upon  Foliage  (Col.). 

On  March  19,  1904,  Mr.  F.  C.  Bishopp  showed  me  adult  specimens 
of  Megilla  macitlata  and  Coccinella  sanguined  taken  at  Greenville, 
Texas,  and  which  he  thought  had  been  feeding  upon  the  foliage  of  a 
Rum  ex. 

11.     Occurrence  of  the  Phorid  Trineura  aterrima  Fabricius  in 

Texas  (Dip.). 

At  Paris,  Texas,  March  17,  1904,  I  captured  a  single  specimen  of 
this  phorid  while  using  the  sweeping  net  in  meadows.  The  species 
was  identified  by  Brues. 

12.  The  Effect  of  the  Local  Climatic  Variations  Upon  the  Daily  Ac- 
tivities of  Some  Insect  Groups  (Col.). 

Entomologists  are  very  familiar  with  the  fluctuating  luck 
with  which  sugaring  for  moths  is  attended  and  those  who 
have  paid  even  casual  attention  to  collecting  beetles  at  lights, 
or  to  the  jarring  of  trees  at  nights  for  scarabaeids,  must  have 
noticed  the  same  thing.  It  is  a  matter  commonly  experi- 
enced, that,  even  in  the  height  of  the  season's  activity,  some 
days  or  some  nights  are  much  better  for  purposes  of  observa- 
tion, without  any  apparent  reason  for  it,  other  than  it  is  clear 
or  cloudy  or  still  or  windy,  or  sultry  or  not,  dark  or  the  moon 
shines.  Sometimes,  even  at  what  are  taken  to  be  ideal  times, 
disappointment  follows.  The  species  of  Lachnosterna  seem 
to  be  especially  susceptible  to  any  slight  climatic  changes  and 
on  nights  when  they  are  expected  in  numbers,  never  appear.  I 
had  frequently  noticed  this  when  collecting  these  beetles  from 
their  foodplants,  night  after  night.  At  lights,  also,  I  have 
seen  them  very  abundant  when  least  expected,  on  rather  cool 
evenings  for  instance.  Since  the  activity  of  many  nocturnal 
insects  commences  during  twilight  or  at  dusk,  it  has  often 


Vol.  XXIVJ  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  343 

occurred  to  me  that  the  conditions  prevailing  then  shape  the 
subsequent  activities,  at  least  in  many  cases.  These  one  or 
two  facts  bearing  on  the  general  question  were  casually  noted 
in  regard  to  the  contents  of  a  lantern  trap  placed  in  a  cotton 
field  near  Paris,  Texas,  in  1904:  Three  out  of  four  evenings 
noted  were  warm,  dark  and  still,  (May  2,  n  and  15)  and  the 
beetles  of  the  genus  Lachnosterna  were  abundant,  forming 
most  of  the  trap  contents;  the  fourth  evening  (May  14), 
the  beetles  were  absent,  only  small  species  of  Lepidoptera  be- 
ing caught  in  numbers.  The  day  was  clear  and  pleasant,  but 
the  evening  cool.  The  lower  evening  temperature  and  greater 
light  here  are  indicated.  The  maximum  temperature  this  day 
was  about  seven  degrees  lower  than  that  of  the  other  three 
days,  but  the  minimum  was  half  a  degree  higher  than  that 
of  May  15.  The  three  days  on  which  they  were  abundant 
were  each  warmer  than  the  preceding  day  and  the  evenings 
dark.  The  patent  fact  shown  is  that  the  activity  of  these 
beetles  was  fluctuating,  true  also  for  the  Lepidoptera, 
abundant  some  of  the  nights,  at  others  scarce  or  absent  alto- 
gether. 

13.  The  Death  Feigning  Habit  of  Trox.  (Col.). 
Specimens  of  this  genus  which  I  captured  under  the  skin 
of  some  animal  lying  upon  the  ground  in  a  wood  near  Paris, 
Texas,  March  6,  1904,  at  once  assumed  a  death-feigning  atti- 
tude as  soon  as  disturbed.  They  remained  perfectly  still,  the 
legs  drawn  in  close  to  the  body  and  rigid,  the  beetles  upon 
their  backs.  Their  extraordinarily  hard  bodies  and  curious 
form,  combined  with  an  association  of  hrittleness  which  one 
obtains  by  looking  at  them,  are  heightened  by  the  rigid  attitude 
assumed  in  the  first  movement.  They  certainly  do  not  appear 
especially  nourishing  at  any  time. 

14.    The  Extraordinary  Tenacity  of  Life  in  an  Elaterid,  as  Com- 
pared with  other  Insects.  (Col.). 

A  large  elaterid  of  the  genus  Alans  was  captured  at  Hous- 
ton, Texas,  from  a  concavity  in  a  stump  where  it  was  hiber- 
nating, January  30,  1904.  It  was  placed  in  a  cyanide  bottle 
and  upon  my  return  to  Paris,  pinned  and  labeled  in  the  usual 


344  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

way.  Later,  however,  it  was  found  to  be  still  alive  and  had 
to  be  "rekilled"  in  the  cyanide  and  repinned  one  or  two  times. 
On  March  ist,  it  was  found  necessary  to  place  it  in  the 
cyanide  bottle  a  fourth  time,  but  even  after  fifteen  hours 
exposure,  life  was  still  evident  (at  this  time  the  bottle  readily 
killed  a  cerambycid  and  Benacus").  By  noon,  March  2,  it 
was  apparently  dead  and  was  repinned  and  placed  in  the 
cabinet.  For  several  days  it  exhibited  no  signs  of  life ;  but 
on  March  7,  it  was  livelier  than  ever.  On  March  8  it  was 
exposed  to  the  cyanide  for  thirty-one  hours  and  died  apparent- 
ly, since  no  other  note  concerning  it  was  made.  This  is  an 
illustration  of  marked  advantage  in  resistance  of  one  species 
over  many  others  when  exposed  to  adverse  (but  unnatural) 
conditions. 


The  Butterflies  of  Omaha,  Nebraska  (Lepid.). 

By  R.  A.  LEUSSLER,  Omaha,  Neb. 

Omaha,  Nebraska,  is  situated  on  the  eastern  margin  of  the 
State,  on  the  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  in  latitude  41  deg. 
16  min.  Being  geographically  near  the  center  of  the  United 
States,  this  locality  presents  perhaps  a  rather  varied  butterfly 
fauna.  The  surface  of  the  country  bordering  the  river  orig- 
inally consisted  of  heavily  wooded  bluffs  cut  into  by  deep 
ravines  at  many  places,  with  some  low-lying,  timber-covered 
bottom  land  between  the  bluffs  and  the  river.  The  original 
surface  has,  of  course,  been  greatly  altered  in  the  city  itself, 
but  in  the  suburbs  to  the  north  and  south  much  of  the  wooded 
bluffs  remain.  This  woodland  strip  extends  westward  from 
the  river  for  a  distance  of  perhaps  three  miles,  where  it  shades 
off  into  rolling  prairie.  The  bottom  land  has  mostly  been  clear- 
ed and  turned  into  meadow.  The  principal  native  trees  are 
oak,  ash,  walnut,  elm,  ironwood,  hackberry,  basswood,  redhaw, 
willow,  boxelder  and  cottonwood,  while  some  of  the  native 
shrubs  to  be  found  are  hazelnut,  gooseberry,  currant,  wild 
plum,  choke  cherry,  prickly  ash,  sumac,  burning  bush,  bitter- 
sweet, elderberry  and  wolfberry.  Wild  grape  and  poison  ivy 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  345 

also  abound.  The  climate  may  be  said  to  be  one  of  extremes ; 
the  summers  are  usually  hot  and  the  winters  often  severe.  An 
idea  of  the  extremes  can  be  gained  when  it  is  stated  that  in 
July,  1911,  the  Government  weather  bureau  recorded  a  tem- 
perature of  107  degrees,  and  in  January,  1912,  27  degrees  be- 
low zero — a  range  of  134  degrees  within  6  months.  The  aver- 
age annual  precipitation  is  about  31  inches,  by  far  the  greater 
part  falling  between  April  and  August.  High  winds  are  com- 
mon and  many  an  otherwise  perfect  day  is  utterly  spoiled  for 
butterfly  collecting  by  a  stiff  wind,  causing  butterflies  to  hide 
in  shelter. 

The  writer  has  spent  five  years  collecting  in  this  locality, 
and  as  he  does  not  find  that  anything  has  been  written  con- 
cerning the  butterflies  to  be  found  here  he  gives  the  following 
list  as  embracing  the  species  found  on  the  Nebraska  side  of 
the  river  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Omaha. 

The  classification  used  is  that  found  in  Dyar's  List  of  N.  A. 
Lepidoptera  (Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum),  and  reference 
was  had  to  the  following  works  in  arriving  at  identifications : 
The  Butterflies  of  North  America. — W.  H.  Edwards.  But- 
terflies of  the  Eastern  U.  S.  and  Can.— S.  H.  Scudder.  The 
Butterfly  Book. — W.  J.  Holland.  Everyday  Butterflies. — S. 
H.  Scudder.  The  Butterflies  of  the  West  Coast.— W.  G. 
Wright.  The  Butterflies  of  Montana.— M.  J.  Elrod.  A  Re- 
view of  the  Hesperiidae  of  the  U.  S. — H.  G.  Dyar.  The  Boreal 
Am.  Species  of  Chlorippe. — Hy.  Skinner.  Entomological 
News,  Canadian  Entomologist,  and  original  descriptions  of 
species  from  various  publications. 

Access  was  also  had  to  the  collection  of  the  University  of 
Nebraska  and  to  the  private  collection  of  Dr.  Robt.  H.  Wol- 
cott,  of  Lincoln,  Neb.,  the  latter  also  kindly  assisting  in  mak- 
ing identifications. 

1.  Ipliiclidcs  aja.r,  var.  tclamonides  Feld. — A  single  specimen,  Apr.  3, 
1910. 

i-a.  Iphiclides  ajax,  var.  marcellus  Bd.-Lec. — Rare;  occasionally 
found  during  late  June  and  July. 

2.  Papilio   daunus  Bd. — A   single  specimen  taken  by  Dr.  R.  H.   Wolcott 
May  i,  1910,  while  collecting  with  myself,  and  identification  is  positive. 


346  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  f  Oct.,  '13 

3.  Papilio  glaucus  Linn. — Black  females  can  invariably  be  found  dur- 
ing May  and  June ;  occasionally  also  during  August. 

3-a.  Papilio  glaucus,  var.  turnus  Linn. — Common ;  first  brood  appears 
late  in  April,  flies  throughout  May ;  second  brood  appears  middle  of 
july;  flies  throughout  August. 

4.  Papilio  thoas  Linn. — Common ;  first  brood,  May  and  June ;  second 
brood,  August. 

5.  Papilio   polyxe-ncs   Fab.— Common ;    first   brood,    May    and    June; 
second  brood,  Aug.  and  September. 

6.  Laertias  philenor  Linn. — Not  common,  although    both    larvae    and 
mature  insects  have  been  taken.     First  brood,  July;  second  brood,  Oc- 
tober. 

7.  Tachyris  margarita  Hub. — A  single  tattered  specimen  taken  Aug. 
25,  1909,  following  ten  days  of  steady  southeast  wind.    Clearly  a  strag- 
gler.    Specimen  is  a  male  and  has  the  stiff  brush-like  clusters  of  hairs 
attached  to  the  abdominal  clasps,  leaving  no  doubt  as  to  identification. 

8.  Pontia  protodicc  Bd.-Lec. — Very  common;  on  the  wing  from  May 
to  October. 

8-a.  Pontia  protodice  var.  vernalis  Edw> — Not  common;  found  in 
May  and  sometimes  in  October. 

9.  Pontia  rapac  Linn. — Exceedingly  common ;  found  everywhere  and 
at  all  times  from  March    till    October.     A    few    specimens    have    been 
taken  in  early  spring  which  approach   var.  iminaculata  but   have   one 
black  spot  on  under  side  of  primary. 

10.  Nathalis  iole  Bd. — Very  plentiful,  sometimes    actually    swarming; 
apparently  two  broods,  first  usually  appearing  early  in  July  and  second, 
early  in  September. 

11.  Callidryas  eubule  Linn. — Some  years  fairly  abundant,  other  years 
rare;  appears  usually  about  Aug.  20  and  flies  till  the  end  of  September. 

12.  Zerene  caesonia  Stoll. — Fairly   common  in  Aug.    and    Sept.,    and 
sometimes  single  individuals  are  found  in  May. 

12-a.  Zerene  caesonia,  var.  rosa  McNeill. — Some  specimens  of  this  va- 
riety found  in  Sept.  and  Oct. 

13.  Eurymus    eiirytheme    Bd. — One    of    our    commonest    butterflies; 
typical    form   found   principally   from   June   till   October,    some   albinos 
(  $  )   found  mostly  in  September. 

13-a  Eurymus  eiirytheme,  var.  ariadne  Edw. — 3  specimens  (2  $  , 
i  9  )  taken  which  appear  to  be  this  form  ;  they  closely  resemble  the 
figures  in  Holland's  Butterfly  Book,  but  do  not  have  the  orange  patch 
as  distinctly  defined  as  the  illustrations  in  Edwards'  Butt.  N.  A. 

13-b.  Eurymus  eitrytheme,  var.  eriphylc  Edw. — -This  form  is  not 
common  here,  but  is  found  from  August  till  October. 

13-0.  Eurymus  eiirytheme,  var.  keewaydin  Edw. — This  form  is  quite 
common.  May  &  June. 

14.  Eurymus  philodice   Godt. — Common ;    several  broods ;   May   till 
October. 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  347 

14-3.  Eurymus  philodicc,  var.  hitcitincta  Wolcott. — Two  specimens 
taken  June,  1910,  and  identified  by  Dr.  Robt.  H.  Wolcott,  who  originally 
described  this  variety  from  Batavia,  111.,  and  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

15.  Pyrisita  mexicana  Bd. — 'Present  in  fair  numbers  late  in  Septem- 
ber and  early  in  October. 

16.  Eurema    nicippe    Cram. — One    specimen    taken    by    Mr.    F.    H. 
Marshall,  June  18,  1910 — one  ditto  June  3,  1911.    Both  somewhat  worn. 

17.  Eurema    euterpe    Men. — Common;    apparently   two   broods,    the 
first  making  its  appearance  about  the  middle  of  July,  the  second  about 
the  first  of  September. 

17-3.  Eurema  euterpe,  var.  alba  Streck. — Occasionally  some  females 
of  this  species  are  found  which  are  very  pale,  almost  white. 

18.  Colaenis  Julia  Fab. — A   single  specimen    (  $  )    taken   Sept.,   1908, 
while  settled  on  Zinnia,  in  her  garden  in  Omaha,  by  Mrs.  W.  B.  Gra- 
ham.    Specimen  is  now  in  the  writer's  collection,  is  somewhat  rubbed, 
but  colors  are  fresh  and  it  is  not  tattered  as  though  it  had  traveled 
a  long  distance.     It  is  more  likely  that  it  was  introduced,  as  larva  or 
chrysalis,  with  a  shipment  of  tropical  fruit. 

19.  Agraulis  t'anillae  Linn. — A  number  of  larvae   (60  or  70)   of  this 
species  found  feeding  on  passion  vine  in  his  garden  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Mar- 
shall  and    some   of   them   reared   to   imagoes.      This    vine   was   grown 
from  a  slip  taken  from  a  parent  vine  which  had  been  growing  in  the 
greenhouse  of  an   Omaha   florist   for   several  years,   making  it   certain 
that  the  eggs  were  deposited  by  a  female  flying  here  at  Omaha. 

20.  Euptoieta  claudia  Cram. — Common ;  found  on  the  wing  in  every 
month   from  May  to  October ;   fresh  specimens  are  most  numerous  in 
July  and  September,  indicating  two  broods. 

21.  Speyeria   idalia    Dru. — Quite    abundant;    appears    usually    about 
the  middle  of  June  and  remains  on  the  wing  until  the  middle  of  Sep- 
tember, although  there  is  but  one  brood. 

22.  Argynnis    cybele    Fab. — Our    common     Argynnis ;     also     single 
brooded,  its  season  being  about  the  same  as  the  foregoing. 

23.  Argynnis    aphrodite    Fab. — Extremely    rare,    but    one     specimen 
having  been  taken  here.     That  one  was  taken  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Marshall, 
Aug.  26,  1912. 

23-a.  Argynnis  aphrodite,  var.  alcestis  Edw. — Very  rare;  one  cap- 
ture by  Mr.  F.  H.  Marshall,  July  24,  1909,  and  one  by  the  writer,  July 
20,  1912. 

24.  Brenthis  myrina  Cram. — Plentiful  in  some  years  and  not  found 
at  all  in  others,  though  searched   for  in  the  same  places.     Apparently 
triple-brooded,  as  fresh  specimens  have  been  taken  in  May,  July  and 
September.      All    specimens    taken    here    are    considerably    larger    than 
figured  in   Holland's   "Butterfly   Book"   and   Scudder's  "Everyday   But- 
terflies."    The  figures  cited  show  an  expanse  of  40  &  42  mm.  respec- 
tively, while  the  Omaha  specimens  have  an  expanse  of  54  to  56  mm. 
in  the  case  of  males  and  60  mm.  in  the  case  of  females. 


348  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

25.  Charidryas  nycteis  Doubl.-Hew. — Fairly  common ;  two  broods ; 
one  in  June,  the  other  in  August. 

26.  Charidryas  ismcria  Bd.-Lec. — Rare  at  Omaha,  although  a  short 
distance  west  it  is  found  abundantly. 

27.  Phyciodes  vesta  Edw. — A   single   specimen    (  9  )    taken  July   14, 
1912.     Upper  side  is  identical  with   fig.   18,   PI.  XVII,  Holland's  "But- 
terfly Book,"  while  both  upper  side  and  under  side  agree  with  figures  of 
summer  form  shown  in  Edwards'  "Butt.  N.  A." 

28.  Phyciodes  tharos  Dru. — Common   in   May,   but   not   as   plentiful 
as  var.  morpheus  is  later  in  the  season. 

28-a.  Phyciodes  tharos,  var.  morpheus  Fab. — Very  common ;  on  the 
wing  from  July  till  October. 

29.  Anthanassa  texana  Edw. — But  two  specimens  taken;  one  (  9  )  by 
Mr.  F.  H.   Shoemaker,  Mar.  27,   1910,  one    (  $  )   by  the  writer,  Sept. 
14,   1911;  both  are  fresh  specimens.     Explaining  the  early  date  of  the 
1910  capture,  it  should  be  stated  that  abnormally  warm  weather  pre- 
vailed during  the  latter  half  of  March  of  that  year,  bringing  butter- 
flies out  about  three  weeks  earlier  than  usual. 

30.  Polygonia  interrogations  Fab. — Common;  flies  from  the  middle 
of  August  till  October,  then  hibernates. 

30-a.  Polygonia  interrogationis,  var.  umbrosa  Lint. — Common;  flies 
from  latter  part  of  May  till  July. 

31.  Polygonia  comma  Harris — Common;   appears  early  in  Sept.  and 
flies  till  freezing  weather,  when  it  hibernates  and  flies  again  early  the 
following  spring. 

3i-a.  Polygonia  comma,  var.  dryas  Edw. — This  form  is  found  from 
the  middle  of  June  till  the  end  of  July,  but  is  not  nearly  as  numerous 
as  the  preceding. 

32.  Euvanessa  antiopa  Linn. — Common ;  two  broods,  first  appearing 
the  latter  half  of  June ;  second,  the  middle  of  August,  the  latter  hiber- 
nating. 

33.  Vanessa  atalanta   Linn. — Very  common  ;   several  broods,  the  in- 
sect being  on  the  wing  from  April  or  May  till  October. 

34.  Vanessa    huntera    Fab. — Some   years    fairly   common  and    other 
years  not  found  at  all;  flies  from  May  till  October. 

35.  Vanessa   cardni   Linn. — Common   in   most   years,   but  scarce    in 
others ;   several  broods   for  it  can  be   found  from  April  till  October. 

36.  Junonia  coenia  Hub. — Can  usually  be  found  late  in  August  and 
throughout   September,   but   is   also   found   in   June  and   July,   so  there 
must  be  two  broods. 

37.  Basilarchia  astyanax  Fab. — Common  ;  found  from  the  middle  of 
June  till  the  middle  of  September.     Two  broods,  the  second  making  its 
appearance  about  the  middle  of  August. 

38.  Basilarchia    archippns    Cram. — Common ;    two    broods ;    seasons 
nearly  the  same  as  the  foregoing  species. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  349 

39.  Chlorippc  celtis  Bd-Lec. — Fairly  common ;   two  broods ;   first,   in 
June;  second,  in  August. 

40.  Chlorippc  clyton  Bd-Lec. — Not  as  common  as  celtis,  but  larvae 
in  goodly  numbers  can  be  found  on  hackberry  early  in  June,  some  of 
them   nearly    full  grown   and   others   still  quite   small.     There   is   only 
one  brood,  but  though  the  first  butterflies  emerge  from  chrysalids  be- 
fore  the   middle   of   June,    others   continue   to    emerge   until    past    the 
first  of  August.     The  earliest  emerging  butterflies  are  clyton-clyton  or 
ocellata  of  Edw.  and  as  the  season  advances  the  later  emerging  ones 
become   darker  and   darker,   until   those   coming,   say  after   the   middle 
of  July,   are   form   proserpina.     I   have  bred   this   species   several   sea- 
sons and  have  obtained  all  gradations   from  true   clyton  to  true  pro- 
serpina. 

40-a.  Chlorippc  clyton,  var.  proserpina  Scud. — As  stated  above,  the 
later  appearing  clyton  are  of  this  form  and  there  are  pretty  nearly  as 
many  of  one  form  as  of  the  other. 

41.  Chlorippc  flora  Edw.— One  specimen  emerging  from   chrysalis, 
June  12.   1911,  agrees  with  figures  of  flora  in  Edwards'  "Butt.  N.  A." 
and  with  Edwards'  description  of  flora,  also  with  specimens    in    the 
Strecker  collection  labeled  flora.     The  larva  of  this  one  was  collected 
along  with  a  number  of  clyton  larvae  and  I  cannot  recall  that  it  was 
markedly  different.     It  is  possible  that  flora  is  only  an  extremely  light 
form  of  clyton. 

42.  Anaea  andria  Scudd. — Neither  very  rare  nor  yet  common;   flies 
in   October,   hibernates   and   flies   again   in   spring.     More   easily   found 
in  the  spring  than  in  autumn. 

43.  Ccrcyonis  al«pe,  var.  ncphcle  Kirby. — Common;  the  form  found 
here  is  Edwards'  olympus;  single  brooded;  last  half  of  July  till  past 
middle  of  August. 

44.  Enodia  portlandia  Fab. — Not  very  common ;   usually   found  the 
last  half  of  June  and  the  early  part  of  July,  hut  in  some  years  appears 
to  be   double-brooded,   for  in    1910   fresh   specimens   were   taken,   June 
14  and  18  and  again  on  August  20  and   Sept.  5.     Tn   1912  fresh  speci- 
mens were  taken,  June  22  and  26  and  on  September  19  a  fairly  fresh 
specimen   (  9  )   was  taken. 

45.  Satyrodcs  canthus  Linn. — Very  local,  having  been  found  in  only 
one    locality — a    spring-fed    marsh — so    far.      Appears    early    in    July. 
What  is  true  of  R.  inyrina,  as  to  size,  is  true  of  this  species,  the  Omaha 
specimens    are   considerably   larger   than    those   illustrated    by    Holland 
and  Scudder.     The  butterflies  illustrated  show  an  expanse  of  48  to  50 
mm.  and  I  have  specimens   from  Michigan  which  are  no  larger,  while 
the  Omaha  specimens,  both  male  and  female,  have  an  expanse  of  60 
mm.     They   are  also  quite  dark. 

46.  Cissia   cnrytus  Fab. — Common;   single   brooded;   appears   late   in 
June,  sometimes  not  till  after  the  first  of  July.     This  is  a   full  month 
later  than  its  appearance  in  New  England  according  to  Scudder. 


35°  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

47.  Anosia  plexippus  Linn. — Very  common;   can  be  found  any  time 
from  May  till  freezing  weather. 

48.  Hypatus   bachmanni  Kirtl. — Found   occasionally,   but   not    com- 
mon ;  several  mature  insects  taken  and  one  larva  found  on  hackberry 
and  reared  to  imago.     The  latter  emerged  June   14,   and  mature  in- 
sects found  on  the  wing  early  in  July. 

49.  Uranotes  melinus  Hub. — Fairly  common  in  some  years  and  ex- 
tremely  rare   in   others.     Has   been   taken   here   in   every   month    from 
May  to  October,  though  there  are  probably  only  two  broods. 

50.  Thecla    edivardsii    Saund. — One    specimen    taken    by    Mr.    F.    H. 
Marshall,  but  date  of  capture  lost. 

51.  Thecla  calanus  Hub. — A  single  specimen  taken  July  5,  1912. 

52.  Strymon   titus  Fab. — Not  observed  at  Omaha  prior  to  1912,  but 
in  July  of  that  year  it  appeared  in  fair  numbers ;  observed  in  different 
localities  July  3,   5,   10,   14  and   20  and   altogether   about  20  specimens 
taken. 

53.  Feniscca    tarquinius   Fab. — Rare ;    5    specimens    in    5   years   in   3 
different  localities.     Taken  in  April,  June,   September  and  October. 

54.  Gaeidcs  dione  Scud. — Not  very  common ;  single  brooded,  appear- 
ing about  June  20. 

55.  Chrysophanus  thoe  Ed. — Usually  pretty  common;  double  brood- 
ed, appearing  about  June  15  and  again  early  in  August. 

56.  Cyaniris  ladon   Cram. — Fairly   common ;    summer   form   appears 
after  middle  of  June. 

56-a.  Cyaniris  ladon,  var.  violacea  Edw. — Our  spring  form,  and  also 
fairly  common;  appears  about  April  15.  It  and  P.  rapae  are  our  ear- 
liest butterflies,  excepting  such  as  hibernate. 

56-b.  Cyaniris  ladon,  var.  ncglccta  Edw. — 'Late  summer  form;  found 
in  August  and  September  and  just  about  as  abundant  as  the  two 
earlier  forms. 

57.  Evercs  comyntas  Godt. — Very  common;   several  broods;   on  the 
wing  from  first  of  May  to  the  first  of  October. 

58.  Hemiargus   isola    Reak. — Common,    especially    during   past    two 
summers ;  several  broods,  for  it  is  found  from  May  till  October. 

59.  Amblyscirtes  vialis   Edw. — Fairly   common ;    first   brood   appears 
about  the  first  of  May,  second  brood  about  the  middle  of  July. 

60.  Ancyloxypha  numitor  Fab. — Very  common  around  water ;   first 
brood,  about  June  i ;  second  brood,  about  middle  of  August. 

61.  Atrytone  hobomok   Harr. — Common;   single-brooded;   flies   first 
three   weeks   of  June.      Identification    in   accordance   with    synopsis    of 
species   of   this    genus    in   Dyar's    Review   of   the    Hcsperiidae   of    the 
U.  S. 

62.  Hylephila  campestris  Bd. — Not  very  common ;  flies  from  August 
20  till  about  the  first  week  of  October. 

63.  Thymelicus  otlio,  var.  egcrcmet  Scud. — Fairly  common;  on  the 
wing  during  the  last  half  of  July. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  351 

64.  Thyinelicus  ccrnes   Bd-Lec. — Our   commonest   skipper ;    on    the 
wing  from  the  very  end  of  May  till  the  middle  of   September  almost 
without  interruption,  but  most  abundant  in  June  and  the  last  half  of 
August,  so  it  is  likely  that  there  are  but  two  broods. 

65.  Thymelicus  alcina    Skinner— Identification   somewhat   uncertain; 
several   specimens    (  $  )    collected   in   July,    1909,   and   referred   to   this 
species;   subsequently   a   series  of   alcina   was   collected   in   the   western 
part  of  the  state  and  when  placed  side  by  side  with  the  Omaha  speci- 
mens,   differences    were    detected.      Reference    was    then    had    to    the 
original   description   of  alcina  and  the  western   specimens   were   found 
to  agree  with  it,  leaving  the  identification  of  the  Omaha  specimens  in 
doubt.     The  differences,  however,  are  not  great. 

66.  Politcs  ficckius  Kirby — Another  very  common  skipper ;  flies  with 
ccrnes,  the   seasons   being  about   the   same,  and   like   it   appears   to   be 
double-brooded. 

67.  Eiiphycs  rerun    Edw. — Not   found   prior   to    1912 ;   one   specimen 
taken    July   3   and    another   July    5   of   that   year,    in    widely   separated 
localities. 

68.  Eiiphycs  rcstris  Scud. — Fairly  common  ;  appears  at  the  very  end 
of  July  and  remains  on  the  wing  about  three  weeks ;  sometimes  found 
also  in  early  June,  indicating  probably  two  broods.     Differs   from  var. 
mctacomct,  found  in  western  part  of  the  state,  in  being  almost  black. 

69.  Lcrodca  osyka  Edw. — A  single  specimen    (  $  )    taken  by  Mr.  F. 
H.  Marshall,  Sept.  7,  1912,  while  collecting  in  company  with  the  writer. 
Identified  by  means  of  Dyar's  "Review  of  the  Hesperiidae  of  the  U. 
S."     Specimen  fresh  and  in  perfect  condition. 

70.  Limochores  pontiac  Edw. — -A   single   specimen    (  $  )    taken   Julj 
9,    IQIO.      Specimen   beautifully    fresh,    showing   that   this    species    was 
just  beginning  to  emerge ;   unfortunately  this  locality — a  marsh  area — 
has   not    since   been    visited   at   the   right   season   of   the   year    for   ihis 
species,  and  hence  no  further  individuals  have  been  taken  or  observed. 

71.  Limochores  dion   Edw. — While  searching  for  pontiac  on  July  6, 
1912,    in    the    locality    where   the    single    specimen    was    found    in    1910 
(possibly  a  week  too  early),  5  specimens  of  dion  (2   $    and  3    9  )  were 
taken,  all  of  them  fresh  and  perfect. 

72.  Phycanassa  delau'are  Edw. — Apparently  rare,  as  but  three  speci- 
mens have  been  taken,  2  on  July  24,  1909.  and  i  on  July  10,  1912. 

73.  riiycanassa  arogos  Bd-Lec. — Found  in  only  one  locality  so  far — 
a  piece  of  virgin  prairie  land — but  quite  abundant  there.     Flies  during 

July. 

74.  Epargyreus   titynis  Fab. — Extremely   common ;    two   broods,   the 
first  appearing  about  June  10,  the  second  about  the  middle  of  August. 

75.  Thorybcs  bathylus  Sm-Abb. — Common;  found  from  May  to  Sep- 
tember, no  doubt  double-brooded. 

76.  Thorybcs  pyladcs  Scud. — Common ;  last  half  of  June  and  early 
part  of  July. 


352  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

77.  Pholisora  catullus  Fab. — Very  common ;  found  from  May  to  Sep- 
tember ;  several  broods. 

78.  Pholisora    hayhurstii    Edw. — Common ;    flies    in    company    with 
catullus  and  its  season  is  about  the  same. 

79.  Thanaos  persius  Scud. — Not  common  ;   specimens  have  been  taken 
the  latter  part  of  April    and    early    part    of    May,  and  also  about  the 
middle  of  July.       All  species  of  Tlianaos  herein  listed  have  been  iden- 
tified by  means  of  Dyar's  "Review  of  the  Hesperiidae  of  the  U.  S."  in 
addition  to  colored  plates. 

80.  Thanaos  brizo  Bd.-Lec. — Rare ;   occasionally   found  in  the  latter 
part  of  April  and  early  part  of  May. 

81.  Thanaos  martialis  Scud. — Fairly  common  in  the    latter    half    of 
July,  and  also  found   (though  not  so  common)  in  the  first  half  of  May. 

82.  Thanaos  juvcnalis  Fab. — Our  commonest   Thanaos;  at  least  two 
broods  and  possibly  a  third    as    it    has    been  taken  as  early  as  April  3 
and  as  late  as  Sept.  7  and  in  every  month  between  these  excepting  July. 

83.  Thanaos    horatius    Scud. -Burg. — Rather     rare ;     specimens     have 
been  taken  in  July  and  in  Sept.  &  Oct. 

84.  Thanaos  terentius    Scud. -Burp. — Rather    common;    at    least    two 
broods ;  has  been  taken  in  April,  May,  July,  Aug.  &  Sept.,  with  April 
29  as  the  earliest  capture  and  Sept.  25  as  the  latest. 

85.  Hesperia  tessellata  Scudder. — One  of  our  very  common  skippers ; 
on  the  wing  at  all  times  from  May  till  late  in  October. 

The  above  list  is  without  doubt  incomplete  and  it  is  con- 
fidently expected  that  it  will  be  materially  added  to  in  the 
future.  During  the  season  of  1912  seven  species  were  added 
to  it,  they  being  as  follows:  C.  isnicria,  P.  vesta,  T.  calanus, 
S.  titus,  E.  verna,  L.  osyka  and  L.  dion,  and  it  seems  likely 
that  a  dozen  or  more  additional  species  may  be  found  here. 


Notes  on  some  Beetles  Reared  from  a  Dead 
Elm  Stick  (Coleop.). 

By  DAYTON  STONER,  State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City,  la. 
A  portion  of  a  small,  dead  elm  seedling  which  I  found  lying 
on  my  lawn  in  Iowa  City  on  igth  October,  1912,  was  on  6th 
November,  1912,  brought  to  the  Natural  Science  Building  of 
the  State  University  of  Iowa  and  placed  in  a  loose-topped 
glass  jar.  This  stick  was  about  sixteen  inches  in  length,  one 
and  one-half  inches  in  diameter  at  the  base  and,  in  places,  the 
bark  had  become  somewhat  loosened  from  the  wood. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  353 

The  temperature  of  the  room  in  which  the  stick  was  kept 
varied  considerably,  fluctuating  between  45  and  90  degrees 
Fahrenheit.  In  the  bottom  of  the  jar  was  placed  a  pledget  of 
cotton  which  was  moistened  with  water  from  time  to  time. 

On  7th  January,  1913,  an  adult  female  Neoclytus  erythro- 
cephalus  Fab.  emerged  and  on  roth  January  three  more  beetles 
of  the  same  species.  One  of  these,  a  male,  attempted  sexual 
union  with  a  female  and,  after  some  difficulty,  succeeded.  The 
male  clung  to  the  female  with  his  front  legs  and,  as  she  walked 
about,  often  grasped  one  of  her  elytra  along  the  sutural  mar- 
gin with  his  mandibles.  He  also  assisted  himself  at  times, 
with  his  mandibles  by  grasping  the  short,  dorsal  transverse 
ridges  on  the  prothorax  of  the  female.  This  characteristic 
was  observed  again  in  individuals  that  emerged  at  a  later  date. 
Magdalis  armicollis  Say,  a  weevil,  emerged  on  i6th  January, 
1913,  from  the  stick  of  wood  and  on  the  following  day  another 
of  this  species  emerged.  In  the  meantime,  two  more  N.  ery- 
throcephalus  had  emerged.  Both  weevils  were  removed  from 
the  jar  as  soon  as  discovered. 

On  28th  January,  something  over  a  dozen  eggs  of  N.  ery- 
throcephalus  were  found  partially  hidden  under  a  strip  of  bark 
that  had  been  torn  loose  at  one  end.  They  were  I  mm.  in 
length,  roughly  oblong-ovate  in  form,  white  in  color  and  were 
attached  to  the  wood  by  one  end.  A  week  later  the  eggs  ap- 
peared to  be  developing  and  had  assumed  an  iridescent  appear- 
ance with  a  brownish  spot,  evidently  the  head  of  the  develop- 
ing larva,  showing  at  one  extremity. 

All  the  eggs  had  hatched  on  6th  February,  nine  days  after 
deposition. 

On  T4th  February  a  female  Xylotrechus  colomis  Fab.  emerg- 
ed, this  making  the  third  species  secured  from  the  stick.  Up 
to  this  time  the  beetles  that  had  emerged  numbered  thirteen. 

Sometimes  a  number  of  N.  erythrocephalus  were  kept  alive 
in  the  jar  for  several  days  and.  after  the  cotton  in  the  bottom 
of  the  jar  had  been  moistened,  the  beetles  would  come  to  it  and 
chew  some  of  the  fine  strands  evidently  for  the  purpose  of  ex- 
tracting the  water. 


354  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct..  '13 

From  1 4th  February  until  i5th  March  adults  of  X.  colonus 
and  N.  erythrocephalus  appeared  at  irregular  intervals  until, 
at  the  latter  date,  I5th  March,  the  total  number  of  beetles 
emerged  was  twenty-nine.  Of  these,  seventeen  were  Neocly- 
tus  erythrocephalus,  ten  Xylotrechus  colonus  and  two  Mag- 
dalis  armicollis. 

The  experiment,  as  carried  out,  shows,  it  seems  to  me,  sev- 
eral points  of  interest : 

1.  The  remarkably  great  number  of  beetles  (twenty-nine) 
secured  from  such  a  small  stick  makes  evident  the  extraordin- 
ary severity  of  the  infestation. 

2.  The  emergence  of  the  beetles  lasted  over  a  considerable 
period  of  time,  due  in  part,  probably,  to  the  fluctuation  of  tem- 
perature in  the  room. 

3.  Neoclytus  erythrocephalus  Fab.  will  breed  under  these 
somewhat  artificial  conditions. 

P.  S.  March  24.  I  may  add  that,  since  sending  in  my 
manuscript,  two  more  Xylotrechus  colonus  Fab.  have  emerged, 
thus  raising  the  total  number  to  thirty-one  and  the  number  of 

this  species  to  twelve. 

»i»  • 

Observations  on  the  Lepidoptera  of  St.  Louis  and 
Vicinity  during  19 12. 

By  the   Members   of   the   St.   Louis   Entom.    Club. 
Compiled  by  P.  A.  SCHROERS. 

The  collecting  season  started  very  auspiciously  during  the 
latter  part  of  March,  but  did  not  keep  its  promises  very  long. 
From  May  I5th  to  June  I5th  the  weather  was  cold  and  cloudy 
with  chilly  wintry  nights ;  July  had  only  a  scattering  of  hot 
days,  and  the  temperature  during  the  first  half  of  August  and 
the  whole  of  September  was  also  below  normal.  Under  these 
circumstances  collecting  seemed  so  little  promising  that  very 
few  members  of  the  club  carried  on  a  systematic  campaign. 

The  Rhopalocera  were  particularly  observed  by  Mr.  A. 
Knetzger,  who  noticed  the  following  departures  from  the  aver- 
age occurrences ;  the  following  species  appeared  in  far  reduced 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  355 

numbers:  Danais  plexippus,  Argynnis  cybele,  Phyciodes 
tharos  v.  tnarcia,  all  the  Pyrniaeis,  Pholisora  hayhursti,  E.  lyci- 
das  and  T.  ntartialis.  Junonia  cocnia  was  scarce  but  the  first 
specimen  appeared  during  the  first  days  of  August,  which  is 
unusually  early ;  the  same  remark  applies  to  Meganostotna 
caesonia.  The  Papilios  were  far  from  plentiful,  excepting 
cresphontes  in  one  single  locality  a  few  miles  north  of  the  city. 

On  the  other  hand,  Thecla  inis  and  Lycaena  isola  were  very 
common ;  the  latter  has  always  ranked  amongst  one  of  our 
scarcest  insects  here.  Nathalis  iole  made  a  proverbial  appear- 
ance every  seven  years  or  so,  but  it  has  been  taken  regularly 
for  the  last  three  years  in  fairly  good  numbers,  always  favor- 
ing the  railroad  tracks.  Amb.  vialis,  Eu.  verna  and  Anea  an- 
drea  were  also  common,  but  of  the  last  named  the  specimens 
observed  were  mostly  females. 

Dione  i\willae,  Calpodes  ethlhts  did  not  reappear  after  their 
visit  of  1911  ;  these  species  cannot  hibernate  in  this  climate  in 
any  stage.  The  same  seems  to  apply  to  Thecla  m-album,  Tc- 
rias  me.ricana  and  others  which  have  been  seen  or  captured 
accidentally  around  St.  Louis  but  never  regularly  enough  to 
be  included  amongst  our  natives. 

Still  no  sign  of  Euchloe  genutia  and  olympia  v.  rosa.  This 
is  the  ninth  year  that  these  pretty  little  insects  have  failed  to 
show ;  they  were  quite  common  on  the  hills  at  Aleramec  High- 
lands, St.  Louis  County,  during  April.  Some  entomologists 
attribute  their  disappearance  to  the  extensive  forest  fires  which 
occurred  in  that  vicinity  in  1903.  Others  suspect  the  work  of 
a  parasite. 

The  Heterocera  suffered  a  great  deal  from  the  low  tempera- 
ture of  the  nights  and  while  all  the  usual  species  were  pres- 
ent, most  of  them  were  very  poorly  represented.  This  was 
particularly  true  for  the  Sphingidae,  Hcnwris  diffinis  and 
thysbe  excepted,  the  Saturnidae  and  Arctiidae  with  again  the 
day  fliers  excepted,  namely.  U.  bclla,  which  occurred  in 
swarms  with  Scepsis  fuh'icollis.  The  Ceratocampidae  were 
all  well  in  evidence,  the  writer  caught  many  E.  imperialis,  C. 
regalis,  Anisota  stigma  and  Dryocampa  rubicunda,  Adelo- 


356  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

cephala  bicolor  and  bisect  a  at  Creve-Coeur  Lake.  The  genus 
Schinia  yielded  trifascia,  jaguarina,  arcifera,  chrysellus,  lynx 
and  nundina  a  new  record. 

Two  beautiful  Erebus  odora  were  observed  by  Mr.  E. 
Schwarz  resting  on  tree  trunks  at  Meramec  in  August.  His 
observations  on  the  genus  Catocala  show  that  the  collecting 
was  very  favorable  up  to  the  first  of  August,  then  nil  until 
after  the  sixteenth,  then  normal  to  the  end. 

C.  lacrymosa  was  particularly  abundant  with  many  beautiful 
variations.  M.  Schwarz  took  two  specimens  of  v.  zelica,  one 
pair  of  v.  ulalume  and  twelve  v.  paulina;  v.  cvelina  constituted 
about  one-third  of  the  whole  booty  of  lacrymosa.  C.  neo- 
gawia,  obscura  and  residua  were  all  very  scarce;  C.  epione, 
ultronia  and  arnica  never  so  abundant.  C.  innubcns  v.  scintil- 
lans  represented  about  25  per  cent,  of  the  innubens  caught, 
against  a  proportion  of  33  per  cent,  in  1911.  C.  parta,  consors 
and  marmorata  give  one  specimen  each. 

As  a  new  record  we  may  mention  C.  Mania,  captured  by  Mr. 
McElhose  some  years  ago  and  but  lately  identified  in  the  col- 
lection of  Mr.  E.  Schwarz. 

Amongst  other  additions  to  the  local  list  of  nocturnals  we 
find :  Apantesis  figurata,  Orthosia  auriantiago,  Mclipotis  ver- 
sabilis,  Melalopha  apicalis,  Schizura  ipoinoeae  and  Givira 
anna  (Dyar)  six  specimens,  by  the  writer;  Hutrapela  al- 
ciphcaria,  by  Mr.  E.  Schwarz  and  Ufeus  satyricus. 


Notes  on  some  North  American  Noctuidae  (Lepid.). 
By  F.  H.  WOLLEY  DOD,  Midnapore,  Alta.,  Canada. 

Hadena  albiserrata  Smith.     (Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  XI,  p.  8,  1903) 
:   H.  loda  Streck. 

Smith's  description  was  made  from  a  pair  from  Pullman, 
Washington,  in  the  Rutger's  College  collection.  Strecker's 
was  a  male  from  Seattle,  and  his  name  has  preference  by 
five  years.  T  once  thought  the  species  was  a  strongly  marked 
gray  race  of  versnta,  wherein  T  was  wrong.  It  lacks  all  the 
bronzy  tint  possessed  by  even  the  grayest  versuta.  The  orbicu- 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  357 

lar  is  smaller,  and  ovate  oblique  instead  of  round  or  nearly  so. 
In  versuta  the  t.  p.  line  is  composed  of  a  series  of  inward  cre- 
nations.  In  loda  they  are  inward  dentations.  This  is  not  men- 
tioned in  either  description.  It  occurs  on  Vancouver  Island, 
usually  rather  sparingly,  though  it  was  reported  to  be  abundant 
at  Duncans  during  September  and  early  October,  1911.  I  have 
a  few  scattered  records  from  elsewhere  in  B.  C.,  and  Mr.  San- 
son  has  taken  it  at  Banff,  Alta.  It  is  omitted  from  Hampson's 
Catalogue,  but  would  probably  find  a  place  in  Eurolype  Hamps., 
as  it  seems  to  agree  in  structure  with  contadina  Smith,  and  has 
the  same  general  type  of  maculation.  Contadina  was  known 
to  Hampson  only  by  a  single  specimen  loaned  from  the  Wash- 
ington collection. 
Hadena  erica  Smith  (Can.  Ent.  xxxvii,  258,  July,  1905). 

I  cannot  see  that  this  is  anything  more  than  a  rather  pale 
form  of  characta  Grote.  The  type  of  the  latter  is  a  female  in 
the  British  Museum  from  Nevada.  Hampson  correctly  de- 
scribes it  as  "grey-white,  thickly  irrorated  with  black,  the  base 
and  medial  area  tinged  with  ochreous  brown."  His  figure  of 
it,  the  only  example  then  in  the  collection,  is  too  even,  and  the 
ochreous  shades  are  too  pronounced.  Erica  was  described 
from  a  long  series  from  Stockton,  Utah,  whence  I  have  re- 
ceived considerable  numbers.  It  is  stated  at  the  end  of  the 
description :  "The  species  is  allied  to  characta  Grt.,  but  differs 
obviously  when  a  series  is  at  hand."  When  I  visited  Prof. 
Smith's  collection  in  January,  1910,  his  series  under  erica  con- 
tained six  specimens,  which  included  three  species.  A  pan 
labeled  "Colo.  Bruce."  and  a  female  "Gunnison  Colo.,"  were 
characta.  A  female  from  Claremont,  Calif.,  was  susqucsa 
Smith,  and  from  the  type  locality  be  it  observed !  A  male 
from  the  Sierras,  and  a  Colorado  female  were  a  third  species 
which  I  did  not  recognize.  The  male,  by  the  way,  bore  a  fold- 
ed label  "antimoda  Smith  type,"  a  name  never  published.  If 
this  was  the  series  which  did  duty  for  characta  when  erica 
was  described,  and  on  which  the  comparison  was  based,  the 
"differs  obviously  when  a  series  is  at  hand"  must  be  admitted. 
The  description  of  erica  mentions  an  ochreous  tint,  but  some 
specimens  lack  it  almost  entirely. 


358  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct., '13 

Hadena  luteocinerea  Smith. 

This  species,  described  from  a  single  Montana  male,  appear- 
ed to  me  the  same  as  the  foregoing,  nearer  to  typical  char  act  a 
than  to  the  paler  erica.  Most  of  the  black  markings  shown  in 
Hampson's  figure,  copied  from  a  colored  drawing  of  the  type, 
are  erroneous. 

Andropolia  submissa  Smith   (Jour.  N.  Y.   Ent.  Soc.  xix,  138,  Sept., 
1911)    :  -  illepida  Grt.  =  diversilineata  Grt. 

Smith's  description  was  made  from  five  females  from  Provo, 
Utah,  whence  I  have  a  long  series  agreeing  fully  with  it.  One 
of  these,  a  male,  with  bipectinate  antennae,  I  have  compared 
with  Grote's  male  type  of  illepida  in  the  British  Museum. 
Another,  a  female,  I  compared  with  the  female  type,  referred 
by  Hampson  to  diversilineata  which  he  keeps  distinct,  principal- 
ly as  having  well  marked  t.  a.  and  t.  p.  lines.  He  also  mentions 
a  pale  red-brown  suffusion  in  illepida,  not  in  diversilineata 
male.  Smith  comments  at  some  length  on  these  characters  and 
Hampson's  reference,  in  the  paper  above  referred  to,  and  ad- 
mits that  the  red  brcwn  colouration  is  the  only  character  that 
can  possibly  separate  Grote's  two  names  as  species.  Grote  in 
his  1895  Check  List  eliminates  the  name  diversilineata  alto- 
gether as  based  on  what  Smith  claimed  was  a  patched  speci- 
men in  Packard's  collection,  now  at  Cambridge,  Mass. 
I  happen  to  possess  no  Colorado  specimens  to  which  the  red- 
dish shading  is  attributed,  but  have  carefully  examined  Grote's 
male  type  of  illepida  twice,  and  am  satisfied  as  to  my  refer- 
ence. The  variation  in  my  Utah  and  Arizona  series  is  very 
considerable,  but  all  the  characters  intergrade.  The  t.  a.  and 
t.  p.  lines  are  sometimes  practically  obsolete,  though  this  is 
more  frequently  the  case  in  males  than  in  females.  Some 
specimens  have  very  little  maculation  at  all,  while  others  have 
it  very  distinct  and  contrasting.  Such  specimens  have  gen- 
erally the  whitest  ground.  Brown  shades  are  evident  in  a 
few. 

Polia  resoluta  Smith. 

Described  from  a  pair  collected  by  Bruce  in  Colorado,  and 
the  male  type  is  figured  with  the  description.  Sir  George 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  359 

Hampson  refers  rcsoluta  to  illcpida,  to  which  Smith  objected. 
The  male  type  is  in  the  Washington  Museum,  the  female  in 
Smith's  collection.  J  have  a  specimen  compared  with  the  male 
type,  and  so  far  as  that  is  concerned  consider  Hampson's  ref- 
erence quite  correct.  The  female  type  has  a  clearer,  whiter 
ground  than  any  I  had  before  seen,  and  it  seemed  as  if  it  might 
be  distinct  from  the  male.  Hampson  uses  the  generic  term 
Andropolia  Grt.  for  these  species. 

Polia  speciosa  Morr. 

I  have  seen  the  type  of  this,  a  female  from  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  in  the  Graef  collection  at  Brooklyn.  I  at  once  noted  it 
as  a  pale,  brightly  marked  and  contrasting  Hadena  devastatrix. 
I  communicated  this  note  to  Smith  in  March,  1910,  at  which 
time  I  was  in  correspondence  with  him  concerning  a  number 
of  points  on  which  we  had  differed.  After  re-examining  the 
type  himself  he  wrote :  "The  species  has  nothing  to  do  with 
devastatrix.  Fortunately  it  has  one  hind  leg  left  and  this  shows 
the  Agrotid  structure.  It  is  a  Pcridroma,  and  very  close  to 
praefixa."  The  Agrotid  structure  referred  to  of  course  meant 
tibial  spines.  This  seemed  to  be  equivalent  to  saying  that  dc- 
vastatrix  possessed  tibial  spines.  I  forthwith  hunted  through 
my  series,  and  found  that  about  fifteen  per  cent,  of  them  had, 
varying  from  one  to  three  on  each  hind  tibia.  As,  therefore, 
the  possession  of  hind  tibial  spines  by  speciosa  does  not  dis- 
prove its  being  dcrastatri.r,  I  must  be  guided  by  my  original 
note. 

Semiophora  atoma  Smith  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  xxxiii,  126,  April, 
1907). 

Described  from  a  $  and  nine  $  9  taken  at  treacle  by  Mr.  J. 
A..  Grossbeck  at  Lakehurst,  X.  J.  I  have  one  of  the  female  co- 
types,  which  I  have  compared  with  the  types  in  Smith's  collec- 
tion, and  also  with  the  climata  series  in  the  British  Museum. 
1  cannot  see  that  the  description  applies  to  anything  more  than 
small  poorly  marked  specimens  of  eliniata,  of  which  Smith's 
male  type  has  the  antennae.  Hampson  makes  janualis  "ab.  2." 
of  eliniata,  "like  typical  form,  but  without  the  black  streak  in 
the  cell."  There  are  a  pair  of  types  of  jannalis  in  the  British 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    N£WS  [Oct.,  '13 

Museum,  and  the  reference  appears  to  be  correct,  though  this 
stands  as  distinct  in  Smith's  list,  and  in  Grote's  1895  list. 
Grote  in  the  description  laid  emphasis  on  the  pale  discolorous 
reniform.  It  is  the  least  marked  form  of  the  species  which 
has  received  a  name,  and  to  this  variety  atoma  will  be  most 
correctly  referred.  Badicollis  stands  as  "ab.  i.  "  in  Hampson, 
as  a  very  grey  and  strongly  marked  form,  with  black  well  de- 
veloped. This  is  based  on  an  Abingdon,  Mass.,  specimen, 
which  my  notes  refer  to  as  a  type,  but  as  it  is  not  so  listed  by 
Hampson,  I  must  have  been  in  error.  Type  elimata  is  about 
intermediate  between  these  two  extremes. 

Setagrotis  vocalis  Grote. 

Dr.  Dyar  in  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXVII.  821,  1904  (Kootenai 
List),  referred  planifrons  Smith  and  congrua  Smith  to  this 
species,  and  correctly  so.  Grote's  type  is  in  the  British  Museum, 
a  female  from  Colorado.  Hampson  figures  a  male  of  the  same 
species.  The  figure  is  ochreous.  Congrua  was  described  from 
a  single  Oregon  male.  Hampson's  figure  of  this  is  copied  from 
a  colored  drawing  of  it,  and  is  on  the  whole  good,  though  a 
trifle  exaggerated  in  color.  The  type  is  at  Washington.  Plani- 
frons was  described  in  the  same  paper  from  a  single  female 
from  "Northwest  British  Columbia,"  from  the  Neumoegen  col- 
lection, where  I  have  seen  it.  Hampson's  figure  of  this  is  also 
from  a  colored  drawing,  and  has  turned  out  pretty  good,  but 
a  little  too  pale.  I  have  compared  Colorado  specimens  from 
my  series  with  all  three  of  the  above  types,  and  matched  voca- 
lis and  congrua  very  closely  indeed.  I  was  not  so  successful 
with  planifrons,  but  have  two  rather  damaged  females  from 
Nanaimo,  B.  C.,  'from  the  Taylor  collection  which  are  some- 
what suffused  and  have  a  pronounced  fuscous  central  shade, 
and  one  of  these  comes  very  close  to  the  figure  and  is  in  ac- 
cordance with  my  notes.  Specimens  from  Kaslo,  B.  C.,  are 
darker  blue-grey,  and  some  of  them  have  the  central  shade 
strongly  developed. 

Type  vocalis,  by  the  way,  shows  a  central  shade.  I  have 
pale  specimens  of  this  species  from  Provo  and  Eureka,  Utah, 
and  two  from  these  localities  are  figured  as  vocalis  by  Messrs. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  361 

Barnes  and  McDunnough  in  their  "Contributions,"  Vol.  I.  No. 
4,  pi.  i,  f.  16,  and  pi.  v.  f.  I.  The  species  is  a  very  variable 
one.  The  transverse  lines,  basal  streak,  black  in  the  cell,  the 
black  or  reddish-brown  line  on  tegulae,  and  apparently  also 
the  transverse  central  shade,  are  variably  present  or  absent. 
Smith's  note  in  his  Agrotid  monograph  with  regard  to  congrua 
and  planifrons,  to  the  effect  that,  "there  are  so  many  differential 
characters  that  there  is  not  the  slightest  danger  of  confusing 
them,"  based  as  it  was  on  single  specimens  in  a  family  even 
then  well  known  to  be  very  variable,  was,  to  say  the  least  of  it, 
rather  premature. 

Invenusta  Grote,  type  a  female  in  the  Brooklyn  Museum, 
from  Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico  (Snow),  my  notes  say  is  a  very 
even  planifrons  and  has  several  times  already  been  correctly 
referred  to  vocalis.  Hampson  places  vocalis  in  Lycophotia 
Hubn.  treating  Peridroma  Hiibn.  and  Setagrotis  Smith  as 
synonyms. 

Setagrotis   filiis    Smith    (Trans.   Am.    Ent.    Soc.    xxxiii,    127,    April, 
1907)    =  vernilis  Grote. 

Filiis  was  described  from  a  single  male  from  Pullman, 
Washington,  and  said  to  be  "allied  to  vernilis  in  type  of  macu- 
lation."  I  saw  the  type  in  Smith's  collection.  Associated 
with  it,  and  correctly  I  thought,  was  a  female  from  Laggan. 
I  noted  it  as  probably  an  exceptionally  blue-gray  form  of 
infimatis.  Vernilis  was  at  that  time  unknown  to  me,  and  I 
had  another  species  under  the  name  in  my  collection.  In  the 
fall  of  the  same  year  I  received  the  form  from  Mr.  N.  B. 
Sanson,  of  Banff,  Alta.  In  Rep.  Ent.  Soc.  Out.,  1910,  I  re- 
corded Mr.  Sanson's  capture  as  filiis,  and  suggested  that  it 
might  be  a  form  of  infimatis.  The  species  I  recorded  from 
Banff  as  vernilis  at  the  same  time  was  conynia  or  something 
more  nearly  allied  to  that  than  to  infimatis.  The  following 
year  Mr.  Sanson  took  a  nice  series,  and  I  noted  the  extremely 
close  resemblance  of  the  form  to  Hampson's  figure  of  vcrnilis. 
I  took  a  specimen  with  me  to  the  British  Museum,  and  found 
it  almost  exactly  like  Grote's  type  from  Colorado,  which  is  the 
specimen  figured  by  Hampson.  It  is  a  very  close  ally  of  infi- 


362  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

matis,  though  much  darker  blue-gray  than  any  of  my  long 
series  of  that  species  from  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  whilst  the 
maculation  is  practically  identical,  it  is  less  strigate  owing  to 
the  markings  being  much  less  distinct.  It  has  no  sienna-brown 
shades.  As  in  infimatis  the  long  narrow  orbicular  is  some- 
times confluent  with  the  lower  portion  of  the  reniform,  which 
also  occasionally  runs  back  on  or  below  the  median  vein.  A 
central  shade  is  occasionally  discernible  in  both  species.  I  have 
no  note  as  to  what  stood  as  vernilis  in  Smith's  collection,  but 
concerning  that  of  the  Washington  Museum  my  note  reads, 
"Hampson's  figure  is  much  bluer  gray  than  any  here."  The 
figure  represents  the  Banff  form  exactly,  but  is  a  little  too 
brown  in  tone,  probably  the  fault  of  the  process. 

Setagrotis  dernarius  Smith. 

This  was  described  on  the  page  following  film,  from  a  single 
pair.  The  male  was  from  California,  without  exact  locality, 
and  was  sent  to  Smith  for  identification  by  Sir  George  Hamp- 
son.  It  is  now  in  the  British  Museum  as  the  male  type.  The 
female,  from  Easton,  Washington,  is  the  other  type,  in  the 
Rutger's  College  collection.  Smith  mentions  after  the  descrip- 
tion that  spines  are  obvious  on  the  fore  tibiae  of  the  male,  but 
not  of  the  female,  and  that  Sir  George  Hampson  would  there- 
fore refer  the  sp-ecies  to  Lycophotia  rather  than  Anomogyna, 
in  which  he  places  both  infimatis  and  vernilis,  which  are  with- 
out fore  tibial  spines.  I  have  examined  that  male  type  for 
these  spines,  but  failed  to  find  them,  and  believe  Smith  to  have 
been  mistaken.  I  consider  both  specimens  to  be  rather  unusu- 
ally reddish-brown  examples  of  infimatis. 

Setagrotis  elata  Smith   :  :   Agrotis  scandens   Riley. 

Elata  was  described  from  two  males  and  a  female  from  Col- 
orado. A  pair  of  types  are  at  Washington,  and  a  male  co-type 
at  Rutger's  College.  There  is  a  pair  of  scandens  at  Washing- 
ton lacking  locality  labels,  marked  "types,"  with  the  museum 
red  label,  which  are  presumably  Riley's  types.  Smith  must 
have  completely  forgotten  what  scandens  looked  like  when  he 
described  elata.  I  have  compared  the  types  with  each  other 
and  have  a  specimen  compared  with  them,  and  never  had 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  363 

for  one  moment  the  least  doubt  of  their  identity,  nor,  I  fancy, 
could  anyone  else  examining  them  with  an  unprejudiced  eye. 
It  is  strange  that  the  reference  has  not  been  made  before. 
Elata  was  known  to  Hampson  only  by  a  figure,  on  the  strength 
of  which  he  made  it  congeneric  with  scandens,  referring  both 
to  Lycophotia  Hiibn.  The  frons  is  smooth,  but  the  spines  at 
the  extremity  of  the  fore  tibiae  are  extremely  stout,  and  in 
some  specimens  two  or  three  of  them  are  very  decided  long 
claws.  Several  species  of  Euxoa  appear  to  have  similar  claws, 
not  found  in  any  Peridroma  which  I  have  yet  examined, 
the  latter  genus  being  treated  by  Hampson  as  a  synonym  of 
Lycophotia. 

Peridroma  demutabilis  Smith. 

This  was  described  in  1893,  and  there  are  a  pair  of  types  in 
the  Washington  Museum  from  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Calif.,  and 
according  to  my  notes,  a  male  type  from  the  same  locality  is  in 
Smith's  collection.  Of  the  Washington  types,  the  male  is  yel- 
lowish, but  is  stained.  This,  and  two  other  males  from  Ari- 
zona associated  with  it,  have  thoracic  vestiture  hairy.  The  fe- 
male type  is  not  yellowish,  and  has  thoracic  vestiture  distinctly 
scaly.  However,  they  looked  to  me  the  same  species.  I  find 
the  vestiture  very  variable  in  some  Agrotids.  The  antennae  of 
the  male  type  I  should  describe  as  serrate- fasciculate,  the  ser- 
rations very  coarse  and  short.  The  Arizona  specimens  have 
the  serrations  less  coarse,  that  is  to  say,  less  like  merely  well- 
marked  joints.  Every  gradation  can  be  found  between  a  merely 
ciliate  antenna  in  a  noctuid,  and  one  that  is  almost  serrate- 
fasciculate,  and  the  thickness  of  the  joints,  or  length  of  the 
serrations,  often  varies  considerably  in  a  species.  Hampson 
lists  an  Arizona  male,  though  the  key  gives  his  figure  as  fe- 
male, placing  it  in  a  group  of  Lycophotia  with  male  antennae 
ciliate  only,  which  by  male  type  is  incorrect. 

Agrotis  biclavis  Grt.  was  described  in  1879,  apparently  from 
a  single  Arizona  male.  The  type  I  have  seen  in  the  British 
Museum,  and  it  is  slightly  ochreous,  as  described  by  Grote, 
though  this  color  is  exaggerated  in  Hampson's  figure.  The 
antennae  are  finely  serrate-fasciculate,  or,  as  Grote  puts  it, 
"brush-like  with  the  joints  nodose." 


364  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct..  '13 

I  have  an  Arizona  male  which  I  have  compared  with  all  the 
above  types,  and  the  evidence  seems  much  in  favor  of  their  all 
being  one  species,  though  I  do  not  feel  sufficiently  sure  of  it  to 
venture  the  direct  reference  at  present.  My  own  specimen  has 
certainly  the  f  rons  of  Huxoa. 

A  very  distinct  species  appears  to  have  been  mixed  up  with 
biclavis,  probably  by  Grote  himself.  Of  this  there  are  a  male 
and  two  females  in  the  Henry  Edwards  collection  from  the 
Colorado  Desert,  and  a  series  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 
It  is  a  species  allied  to  lagena  Grt.,  about  the  same  size,  and 
with  similar  male  antennae,  that  is,  ciliate  only. 

Hadena  devastatrix  Brace. 

Hampson  places  this  in  the  genus  Sidenda  Staud.,  the  only 
other  North  American  species  which  he  makes  congeneric  with 
it  being  longula  Grote.  Sidemia  finds  a  place  in  Volume  vii 
of  the  Catalogue,  the  first  of  three  volumes  devoted  to  the 
Acronyctinae,  a  large  subfamily  characterized  by  the  trifid 
neuration,  combined  with  spineless  tibiae  and  smooth  eyes 
not  surrounded  by  bristle-like  hairs.  But  as  I  have  pointed  out 
in  Can.  Ent.  xliii,  233,  July,  1911,  and  also  in  a  former  note  in 
the  present  paper  under  Polia  spcciosa,  devastatrix  has  not  in- 
frequently a  spine  or  spines  on  the  hind  tibiae.  Had  Sir  George 
Hampson  noticed  this,  he  would  presumably  have  treated  the 
species  in  Vol.  iv. 

During  my  recent  visit  to  the  British  Museum  I  noted  the 
strong  superficial  resemblance  of  devastatrix  to  the  European 
abjecta  Hbn.,  which  Hampson  makes  a  synonym  of  oblonga 
Kaw.,  and  refers  to  genus  Trachea  Ochs.  in  the  same  volume. 
I  examined  many  of  the  specimens  of  abjecta  carefully,  and 
found  that  several  of  them  had  hind  tibial  spines.  Until  then 
I  had  overlooked  the  fact  that  Guenee  had  treated  devastatrix 
as  a  variety  of  abjecta,  and  that  they  are  considered  synonym- 
ous in  Staudinger's  Catalogue,  and  given  a  wide  distribution 
in  the  Northern  hemisphere.  The  descriptions  I  have  read 
of  the  larvae  of  the  two  sound  a  little  different,  and  that  of 
abjecta  is  said  to  confine  itself  closely,  in  Britain,  to  grasses 
growing  on  salt  marshes  and  tidal  estuaries.  In  this  country, 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  365 

devastatrir  is  of  universal  distribution  as  far  south  as  Arizona, 
and  is  very  largely  a  grass  feeder. 

Tutt,  in  "British  Noctuae  and  their  Varieties,"  Vol.  I,  p. 
in,  refers  to  a  British  variety  of  abjccta  which  he  calls  niyro- 
distincta,  as  "blackish-gray  with  distinct  markings,"  which  he 
says  is  the  way  Guenee  described  his  "abjecta  var.  B."  from 
New  York  and  Canada,  which  has  been  referred  to  dcvastatri.v. 

Agrotis  marshallana  Westwood. 

This  name  stands  in  Smith's  Catalogue  as  a  synonym  of 
devastatri.v,  on  the  authority  of  Walker,  who  appears  to  have 
referred  the  name  to  his  Mamcstra  contenta.  The  synonymy 
unfortunately  is  copied  by  Sir  George  Hampson.  The  type  of 
contenta  is  a  male  from  Nova  Scotia,  and  is  a  specimen  of 
devastatrlv,  and  so  also  is  the  Trenton  Falls  type  of  Mamestra 
ordinaria  Walk.,  described  at  the  same  time.  Both  are  in  the 
British  Museum.  It  was  puzzling  to  find  "var.  marshallana 
Westwood"  referred  by  Tutt  as  a  form  of  nigricans  Linn. 
Whilst  in  England  last  year  T  looked  into  the  matter.  T  found 
the  description  and  a  figure  in  Humphrey  £  Westwood's 
"British  Moths,"  which,  however,  was  dated  1843  instead  of 
1857,  as  given  in  Smith  and  Hampson.  (The  date  of  the  work 
is  given  by  Tutt  as  1841-1844.)  The  description  is  as  copied 
by  Tutt,  and  its  author  states  that  it  was  made  from  a  single 
specimen  from  M'r.  Marshall's  collection,  by  whom  it  had  been 
taken  some  years  previously  on  a  tree  stump  at  Charing,  in 
Kent.  The  figure  certainly  did  not  recall  devastatrir  in  the 
least.  At  the  British  Museum,  whilst  looking  through  some 
British  Noctuidae  not  installed  in  the  general  collection,  T  came 
across  a  female,  under  niqricans.  labeled  "ab.  marshallana 
Westw."  from  the  Stephens'  collection,  and  another  very  sim- 
ilar specimen  associated  with  it  from  the  Mason  collection. 
The  latter  specimen  had  the  abdomen  and  secondaries  detach- 
ed, but  they  were  replaced,  and  both  specimens  were  then  in 
excellent  condition.  Sir  George  Hampson  and  Mr.  Richard 
South,  who  were  present  at  the  time,  agreed  together  that  one 
of  these  specimens — T  am  not  sure  which — was,  within  every 
probability,  the  original  type,  and  it  was  so  labeled  forthwith. 
Both  specimens  were  nigricans  or  tritici  beyond  a  doubt,  and 


366  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct., '13 

these  two  names  have  been  treated  as  one  species  in  recent 
British  literature. 

Walker's  synonymy  must  therefore  be  looked  upon  as  one 
of  the  many  quite  groundless  references  made  by  him,  and  the 
synonym  removed   from  devastatrix. 
Mamestra  tincta  Brahm. 

This  name  appears  in  Smith's  1903  Check  List  (No.  1996), 
on  what  authority  I  am  wholly  at  a  loss  to  discover.  It  is  a 
well-known  European  species,  common  in  the  British  Isles.  It 
bears  some  resemblance  to  our  purpurissata,  though  that  has  a 
still  nearer  old  world  ally  in  adz'ena  Schiff.,  of  which  Stau- 
dinger  lists  purpurissata  as  a  North  American  variety.  But 
whereas  our  species  has  male  antennae  strongly  serrate-fas- 
ciculate, almost  pectinate,  both  tincta  and  advena  have  them 

ciliate  merely. 

— i  •»»>   — 

The  Occurrence  of  the  Australian  Cattle  Tick  and 

the  Brown  Dog-tick  in  Key  West,  Florida 

(Acarina,  Ixodoidea). 

By  F.  C.  BISHOPP,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology.1 
The  rinding  of  specimens  of  the  Australian  cattle  tick,  Mar- 
garopus  annulatus  australis  Fuller,  on  native  cattle  in  Key 
West,  Florida,  by  Mr.  G.  A.  Runner,  of  the  Bureau  of  Ento- 
mology, is  not  only  of  interest  but  also  is  deserving  of  considera- 
tion from  an  economic  point  of  view.  These  ticks  were  taken 
on  cows  in  the  city  of  Key  West  on  February  8,  1912.  They 
were  examined  by  the  writer  and  found  to  be  identical  with 
the  form  of  cattle  ticks  which  occurs  in  the  West  Indies,  Cen- 
tral America,  Australia  and  other  parts  of  the  world,  but 
which  has  not  been  previously  taken  in  the  United  States. 

In  1901  Salmon  and  Stiles2  reported  the  occurrence  of  this 
tick  in  Porto  Rico,  and  in  1909  the  writer  found  it  to  be  a 
severe  pest  of  live  stock  in  the  vicinity  of  Tampico,  Mexico.' 

Published  by  permission  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology. 

'The  cattle  ticks  (Ixodoidea)  of  the  United  States. — Seventeenth 
Ann.  Rept.  Bu.  of  Animal  Ind.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  for  1900,  pp.  432-433, 
1901. 

"Hooker,  W.  A.,  Bishopp,  F.  C.  and  Wood,  H.  P.  The  life  history 
and  Bionomics  of  some  North  American  ticks. — Bull.  106,  Bu.  of  Ent., 
U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  p.  118,  Sept.  7,  1912. 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  367 

At  Victoria,  Tamaulipas,  Mexico,  however,  this  form  was  not 
found,  while  our  own  variety,  annulatus  proper,  was  taken 
on  cattle  there.  More  recently  (March  and  April,  1912)  Mr. 
G.  N.  Wolcott  took  the  Australian  cattle  tick,  as  this  form  is 
commonly  called,  in  numbers  on  horses  and  cattle,  and  a  single 
female  (one-third  engorged)  on  an  Angora  goat  in  the  Prov- 
ince of  Pinar  del  Rio,  Cuba.  This  variety  has  also  been  re- 
ported from  practically  all  of  the  other  islands  of  the  West  In- 
dies. 

With  the  close  trade  relations  maintained  between  Cuba  and 
other  West  Indian  Islands  and  Key  West,  it  is  not  difficult  to 
account  for  the  introduction  of  the  tick  in  that  port.  There 
is  always  danger  of  this  form  being  brought  into  southern 
Texas  from  Mexico,  but  the  likelihood  is  equally  great  of  its 
establishment  on  the  mainland  of  Florida,  from  the  infesta- 
tion now  existing  in  Key  West.  This  is  made  more  easily  ac- 
complished now  that  Key  West  is  placed  in  more  intimate  con- 
nection with  the  mainland  by  the  East  Coast  Railway. 

The  importance  of  the  establishment  of  M.  annulatus  aus- 
tralis  in  the  United  States  is  problematical.  There  is  reason  to 
believe  that  it  would  successfully  breed  in  most  of  our  South- 
ern States.  Certain  habits  of  this  form  make  its  presence  in 
the  United  States  a  grave  danger.  It  is  known  in  other  conn- 
tries  to  have  much  more  generalized  host  relationships  than 
has  the  variety  common  to  this  country.  For  instance,  Rohr4 
says  that  in  Brazil  although  cattle  are  the  principal  hosts, 
the  horse,  goat,  sheep,  dog,  rabbit  and  man  are  attacked  also. 
Adults  of  both  sexes  were  found  on  dogs  in  Jamaica  by 
Newstead.6  He  also  says  that  the  larvae  are  a  great  pest  of 
man  there  and  that  it  is  the  common  belief  that  this  stage  will 
attack  any  vertebrate  animal. 

Tt  is  possible,  of  course,  that  this  form  if  introduced  into 
the  United  States  may  soon  take  on  the  characters  and  habits 

*Estudos  sobre  Ixodidas  do  Brasil — (Trabalho  do  Institute  do  Os- 
waldo  Cruz),  Rio  de  Janeiro,  p.  90,  1009. 

'''Ticks  and  other  blond  ?uckina:  Arthropnda.  Reports  of  the  twenty- 
first  expedition  of  the  Liverpool  Si:h<">1  of  Tropical  Medicine,  Jamaica, 
1908-1909. — Ann.  of  Trop.  Mod.  and  Parasitology,  Vol.  Ill,  No.  4,  p. 
436,  Nov.  1909. 


368  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

of  annulatus  proper  and  prove  to  yield  to  the  same  eradicative 
measures  as  are  being  employed  against  that  tick.  A  change 
in  form  of  the  females  of  the  Australian  cattle  tick  when  bred 
for  several  generations  in  the  United  States  has  been  reported 
by  Salmon  and  Stiles.6  The  male  characters,  however,  did  not 
appear  to  be  modified.  Tests  were  not  made  to  determine  if 
modifications  in  the  host  habits  occurred.  Should  this  habit 
of  feeding  on  a  large  number  of  hosts  persist,  the  methods  of 
eradicating  the  North  American  cattle  tick  would  be  much  less 
effective  against  this  form  if  it  becomes  established  in  this 
country.  There  is  little  doubt  that  eradication  of  M.  annula- 
tus australis  could  be  accomplished  comparatively  easily  now 
that  it  is  probably  confined  to  Key  West,  and  this  question 
should  be  given  serious  consideration. 

The  brown  dog-tick,  Rhipiccphalus  sanguineus  Latr.,  has 
been  found  commonly  in  extreme  southern  Texas,  but  until 
recent  collections  were  made  in  Key  West.  Florida,  by  Mr. 
G.  A.  Runner,  the  species  was  not  known  to  occur  in  other 
parts  of  the  United  States.  On  February  8,  10,12,  Mr.  Runner 
took  a  nymph  and  several  males  and  females  on  a  dog  in  Key 
West  and  on  the  same  date  and  in  the  same  city  he  found  five 
females  (one-third  engorged)  on  a  donkey.  This  species  is 
widely  distributed  in  tropical  and  subtropical  countries,  and  has 
been  recorded  from  a  large  number  of  hosts.  In  the  United 
States  it  was  previously  taken  on  the  dog  only.  In  February 
and  March,  1912,  Mr.  G.  N.  Wolcott  found  this  tick  com- 
monly on  dogs  in  Santiago  de  las  Vegas  and  Pinar  del  Rio, 
Cuba.  Specimens  previously  collected  in  Cuba  were  referred 
by  Prof.  Neumann  to  R.  bursa.  It  is  probable  that  the  infesta- 
tion at  Key  West  was  introduced  from  Cuba  or  some  of  the 
other  West  Indian  Islands,  in  all  of  which  the  species  occurs. 

This  tick  is  often  an  important  pest  of  dogs  but  seldom  be- 
comes injurious  to  other  animals.  It  would  probably  breed  in 
all  of  the  Gulf  States,  but  is  not  likely  to  become  a  serious  pest 
here. 


"The    cattle    ticks    (Ixodoidea)    of    the    United    States— Seventeenth 
Ann.  Rept.,  Bur.  of  Animal  Ind.,  U.  S.  Depf.  Agr.  for  1900,  pp.  432- 

433,  1901. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 

[The  Conductors  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL,  NEWS  solicit  and  will  thank- 
fully receive  items  of  news  likely  to  interest  its  readers  from  any  source. 
The  author's  name  will  be  given  in  each  case,  for  the  information  of 
cataloguers  and  bibliographers.] 


TO  CONTRIBUTORS. — All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience,  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  has  reached 
a  circulation,  both  in  numbers  and  circumference,  as  to  make  it  neces- 
sary to  put  "copy"  into  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  each  number,  four 
weeks  before  date  of  issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
or  important  matter  for  a  certain  issue.  Twenty-five  "extras,"  without 
change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free,  when  they  are 
wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired,  this  should  be  stated 
on  the  MS.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowledged.  Proof  will 
be  sent  to  authors  for  correction  only  when  specially  requested. — Ed. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  OCTOBER,    1913. 

A  Utilitarian  Value  of  Entomology. 

In  the  advertising  pages  of  one  of  the  oldest  and  largest 
popular  American  monthly  magazines,  during  the  past  sum- 
mer, there  appeared  a  full  column  advertisement  headed  "Bitter 
Root  Valley  offers  you  Health,  Freedom  and  Fortune !"  It 
went  on  to  describe  the  handsome  profit  to  be  obtained  from 
investing  in  apple  and  cherry  orchards  offered  for  sale  by  the 
exploiting  company  and  laid  emphasis  on  the  "health,  indepen- 
dence and  ideal  environment  in  which  to  live  and  be  happy" 
which,  with  this  "generous  competence,"  "make  up  the  sum 
total." 

The  location  of  Bitter  Root  Valley  is  nowhere  stated  in 
this  advertisement.  That,  perhaps,  is  one  of  the  items  of  this 
opportunity  which  the  reader  of  the  advertisement  is  urged 
to  investigate. 

The  entomologist,  reading  this  alluring  proposition,  will  per- 
haps think  of  Bitter  Root  Valley  in  western  Montana  where, 
according  to  publications  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, Rocky  Mountain  spotted  fever  "appears  in  its  most 
virulent  form  ;"*  where  "the  death  rate  [therefrom]  is  about 
70  per  cent  :"t  where  "it  was  estimated  in  1904  that  200  cases 

*Circular  No.   136,   Bur.   of  Ent..  U.   S.   Dcpt.  Agr.,  p.   i,  March  31, 
1911. 
fBull.  105  of  the  same,  p.  12,  Nov.  17,  1911. 

369 


37°  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

of  the  severe  type  of  the  disease  had  occurred  up  to  that  year 
.  .  .  [which]  means  a  loss  of  about  140  lives  in  this  small 
valley.  At  the  present  time,  with  an  increase  in  the  popula- 
tion of  the  valley,  it  is  estimated  that  about  20  cases  of  the 
disease  occur  annually.  This  means  a  loss  of  about  15  lives 
each  year  and  this  loss  is  certain  to  increase  as  the  population 
of  the  valley  becomes  larger."! 

It  may  be  that  the  health-offering  Bitter  Root  Valley  is  not 
in  Montana  and  we  have  no  wish  to  hinder  the  agricultural 
development  of  any  valley  whatsoever.  We  do  suggest,  how- 
ever, that  some  knowledge  of  entomology  and  of  the  relations 
of  ticks  and  insects  to  disease  is  of  practical  and  utilitarian 
value  and  should  be  employed  by  the  "investigator"  of  prefer- 
red investments. 


Notes    and    News. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   GLEANINGS   PROM    ALL   QUARTERS 
OF    THE    GLOBE. 

Changes    of   Address. 

The  address  of  Mr.  C.  A.  Frost  is  now  26  Pond  St.,  South  Framing- 
ham,  Mass.,  instead  of  40  Grant  St. 

The  address  of  Prof.  J.  M.  Aldrich  is  now  Experiment  Station  Build- 
ing, Lafayette,  Indiana,  instead  of  Moscow,  Idaho. 

The  address  of  Mr.  Francis  X.  Williams  is  now  Bussey  Institution, 
Forest  Hills  Station,  Jamaica  Plain,  Massachusetts,  instead  of  Museum 
Building,  Lawrence,  Kansas. 

Lepidopterous  Eggs  From  the  Stomach  of  a  Wren. 

August  18,  1912,  I  found  near  Nelson,  North  Queensland,  a  male 
of  the  little  wren  Cisticola  exilis  lying  dead  upon  the  ground;  its 
stomach  contained,  besides  adult  and  larval  insects  of  several  orders, 
about  three  dozen  green  lepidopterous  eggs,  probably  those  of  a  moth. 
They  appeared  to  be  uninjured  and  I  carefully  kept  them;  on  August 
20  an  examination  of  them  was  made  and  some  were  marked  with 
small  pink  dots  which  seemed  to  indicate  development.  However,  by 
more  careful  examination  it  appeared  that  these  dots  were  really  the 
embryos  of  parasites  of  the  genus  Trichograimna  (only  an  antenna 
was  clearly  made  out  which  resembled  that  organ  in  the  genus  named). 
Development  did  not  advance  farther. — A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson,  North 
Queensland. 

$Ibid.,  p.  14. 


Vol.  Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  37 l 

The   Zimmermann   Collection    of    Coleoptera. 

The  statement  in  the  Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XXI,  p.  53,  1889, 
that  the  Zimmermann  Collection  of  Coleoptera  is  in  Harvard  College, 
probably  refers  to  the  American  species  only,  as  the  exotics  are  in  the 
collection  of  The  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  Mr. 
Zimmermann's  Diary  and  four  manuscript  catalogues,  in  which  the 
specimens  are  numbered  in  an  interrupted  series  from  i  to  17351,  are 
also  in  the  possession  of  the  Academy.  The  numbers  omitted  may  be 
in  the  books  referred  to  by  Dr.  Hagen  in  his  account  of  this  man's  life 
and  collection.  Mr.  Zimmermann's  scheme  was  to  give  each  species, 
which  he  received,  a  number,  which  was  placed  on  the  pin  of  one 
specimen,  together  with  a  piece  of  colored  paper,  using  a  different 
colored  paper  for  each  additional  lot  received,  whether  from  the  same 
locality  or  not.  The  data  in  the  catalogues  consist  of  the  name  of  the 
species,  from  whom  received,  and  when  obtained,  in  Roman  letters,  and 
the  exact  locality,  with  an  occasional  remark,  in  German  script.  This 
method  saved  much  time  in  labeling  and  was  very  good  until  the  speci- 
mens accidentally  strayed  from  the  numbered  individual  or  the  cata- 
logues were  misplaced. 

Many  of  the  specimens  are  from  Schaum,  Sturm,  Burmeister,  Melly, 
and  Perkins,  but  very  few  of  the  American  species  have  been  found  in 
the  Academy's  cabinet. — E.  G.  VANATTA. 

Mantid  Eggs  Apparently  Eaten  by  Birds  (Orth.). 
During  a  trip  up  Pyramid  Mountain  opposite  Nelson,  North  Queens- 
land, August  I7th,  IQI2,  I  found  nearly  a  half  dozen  large  eggmasses 
of  a  mantid,  of  the  form  usual  to  the  common  North  American  species, 
attached  to  twigs  of  young  trees  and  which  appeared  to  have  been 
partly  excavated  by  a  bird  of  some  kind;  the  excavation  sometimes  was 
directly  into  the  side,  at  others  longitudinally  or  axially.  The  holes  were 
round  in  outline,  subconical  and  about  %-inch  diameter  or  somewhat 
less.  Later,  on  August  24,  I  found  one  of  these  masses  torn  into  strips 
and  incorporated  into  the  substance  of  the  nest  material  of  an  Aus- 
tralian Robin.  Also  on  August  29,  1912,  Mr.  Alan  P.  Dodd  called  my 
attention  to  the  nest  of  a  honeyeater  which  was  lined  interiorly  with 
the  golden  yellow-green  frothy  material  surrounding  the  eggmasses. 
Thus,  it  is  most  probable  that  birds  use  this  material  and  other  parts  of 
the  eggcase  for  building  material,  instead  of  for  food. — A.  A.  GIRAULT, 
Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland. 

Hymenoptera  Chalcidoidea  Eaten  by  Birds. 

From  the  stomachs  of  several  birds  shot  in  the  forests  about  Nelson, 
North  Queensland,  to  wit,  the  wren  Cisticnlor  c.rilis  (pteromalids)  and 
the  honeyeater?  Pseudogerygone  species  (chalcidids)  and  several 
others,  a  few  chalcidoids  were  taken  and  an  occasional  wasp — A.  A. 
GTRAULT,  Nelson,  North  Queensland. 


372  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

Ants  Crossing  Water   (Hymen.). 

In  a  letter  to  "Nature"  (June  26,  1913,  p.  425),  Mr.  John  C.  Willis 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  mentions  that  a  fly  trap  being  found  covered  with 
ants,  it  was  put  on  a  finger  bowl  which  was  placed  in  a  plate  of  water. 
The  ants  in  coming  to  the  edge  of  the  water,  ran  around  the  bowl 
until  seemingly  convinced  there  was  no  way  across,  and  then  calmly 
"took  to  the  water"  and  ran  across  it  by  the  aid  of  surface  tension, 
without  "getting  their  feet  wet."  They  soon  returned,  crossing  in  the 
same  way,  and  this  went  on  regularly,  a  steady  procession  crossing  the 
water. 

A  Dragonfly   Depositing  Eggs  in   a   Rainpool   Over   Concrete 

(Odonata). 

On  April  16,  1913,  I  observed  a  dragonfly  hovering  about  a  very 
shallow  pool  of  water  on  a  concrete  pathway,  occasionally  darting 
rapidly  down  to  it  and  dipping  the  end  of  the  abdomen  into  the  pool 
in  the  characteristic  manner  of  oviposition.  The  species  was  unknown 
to  me ;  no  eggs  could  be  found  but  the  pool  was  full  of  debris  which 
would  make  it  difficult  to  find  them.  The  sun  was  shining  brightly 
(8.30  A.  M.)  and  the  pool  had  completely  dried  after  several  hours.— 
A.  A.  GIRAULT,  Nelson,  North  Queensland. 

Some  Colorado  Dragonfly  records  (Odonata). 

Recently  Mr.  W.  J.   Gerhard  sent  me  some  dragonflies  collected  by 
him  near  Denver,  Colorado,  about  the  middle  of  July,  1909. 

Mr.  Gerhard's  brief  field  notes,  on  the  dates  of  interest  in  this  con- 
nection, are  as  follows : 

July  13,  1909.    At  Berkeley  Hills,  a  suburb  of  Denver.     The  edge  of 
a  small  lake  or  pond  yielded  nothing  of  interest  save  dragonflies. 

July  14,  1909.    Berkeley  Hills. 

July  15,  1909.    Berkeley  Hills  and  Clear  Creek   (the  latter  about  54 
of  a  mile  from  Berkeley  Hills). 

July  16,  1909.    Berkeley  Hills  and  Clear  Creek. 

July  17,  1909.    Clear  Creek. 

Hefaerina  americana,  5  males,  2  females ;  July  17,  1909. 

Argia  ririda,  i  female;  July  17,  1909. 

Amphiagrion  saucium,  5  males,  2  females;  July  15,  17,  1909. 

EnaUagma  clausum,  i  male;  July  16,  1909. 

Enallanma  cahcrti,  i  male;  July  13,  1909. 

Enallacjma  carnnculatnui.  i   male;  July  13,  1909. 

Enallagma  civile,  i  male;  July  13,  1909. 

Ischnura  danntla,  5  males,  4  females;  July  13,  1909. 

Op  hi  on  0111  f>hus  scvcrus,  i  male,  T   female;  July  14,  17,  1909. 

Sympetrum  scmicitictmn,  4  males,  3  females;  July  13,  14,  16,  17,1909. 

Sympetrum  corruption,  2.  females;  July  13,  14,   1909. 

Libellula  pulchclla,  i  female;  July  16,  1909. 

E.  B.  WILLIAMSON,  Bluffton,  Indiana. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  373 

The  True  Male  of  Nehalennia  integricollis  and  N.  pallidula,  n.  sp. 

(Odon.). 

In  describing  Nehalennia  integricollis  in  the  NEWS  for  July  last,  page 
312,  from  a  female  type,  a  male  from  Haulover,  Florida,  was  doubt- 
fully referred  to  this  species  and  the  differences,  other  than  sexual,  be- 
tween it  and  the  type  were  pointed  out,  page  314.  On  June  27  and  July 
2,  at  Malaga,  New  Jersey,  I  obtained  three  pairs  of  integricollis  and  a 
number  of  other  individual?  of  both  sexes.  The  males  so  obtained  are 
the  true  integricollis,  are  much  like  the  females  in  color,  and  conse- 
quently quite  different  from  the  Haulover  male.  To  the  Haulover 
male  a  new  name  must  therefore  be  assigned,  and  PALLTDULA,  in  allusion 
to  the  narrower  metallic  green  area  of  the  thoracic  dorsum  is  sug- 
gested; figures  7  and  n,  page  313,  illustrate  the  appendages  of 
pallidula  male. 

Some  additional  notes  on  integricollis  follow.  The  words  "Superior 
appendages  $  longer  than  inferiors,"  must  be  stricken  out  of  the 
character  of  group  I,  page  311,  as  in  true  integricollis  $  the  superior 
appendages  are  not  longer  than  the  inferiors,  although  this  is  the  case 
in  atrinnchalis,  speciosa,  sclysii  and  pallidula. 

In  the  recently  killed  integricollis  9  the  eyes  are  olive  green  above  be- 
coming bluish-green  on  the  middle  third  and  yellowish-green  below. 
Genae  below  the  level  of  the  base  of  the  antennae  very  pale  blue  and 
a  slender  finger-like  prolongation  of  this  color  runs  upward  each  side 
into  the  dark  metallic  green  of  the  rear  of  the  head.  The  anterior 
surface  of  the  frons,  the  rhinarium,  the  bases  of  the  mandibles  and 
the  labrum  are  pale  bluish,  the  last  with  a  transverse  basal  black  stripe. 
The  pale  transverse  occipital  line  not  enlarged  at  its  extremities.  The 
sides  of  the  thorax  and  of  abdominal  segments  1-7  or  8  greenish- 
yellow,  or  in  the  tenerals  pinkish. 

In  the  recently  killed  6  integricollis  the  eyes  are  blue-black  above 
and  become  increasingly  paler  blue  to  the  under  surface.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  head  is  colored  as  in  the  9  described  above.  The  me- 
tallic green  of  the  dorsum  of  body  generally  (includ- 
ing the  head),  is  darker  than  in  the  9  owing,  partly 
at  least,  to  the  admixture  of  more  purple.  Thoracic 
dorsum  metallic  green  reaching  laterad  beyond  the 
humeral  suture  as  in  the  9  .  Sides  of  the  thorax  ami 
of  abdominal  segments  1-6  pale  bluish,  of  7  and  8  yel- 
lowish, or  of  8  bluish.  Dorsum  of  abd.  seg.  8  dark 
metallic  green  with  no  pale"  dorsal  spots;  g  and  id 
blue,  g  with  a  metallic  green  stripe  on  each  side  of 
dorsum  reaching  from  base  (where  they  are  narrowly 
confluent  with  each  other)  one-half  to  two-thirds  way 
to  the  hind  end,  10  with  a  transverse  basal  black  line. 
Hind  dorsal  margin  of  10  cleft  in  the  middle  and  spinulose.  . \ppen- 


374  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct., '13 

dages  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  figures,  resembling  those  of 
Irene  and  gracilis  (cf.  page  313).  The  male  is  like  the  9  also  in  hav- 
ing two  antenodal  cells.  Abd.  18.5-19.5,  hind  wing  11.5-12.5  mm. 

In  the  teneral  $  the  pale  colors  of  the  body  including  the  eyes  are 
pale  violaceous. 

The  type  of  this  description  of  mtegricollis  $  is  now  in  the  collec- 
tion of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

N.  intcgricollis  was  taken  at  Malaga,  on  the  dates  mentioned,  at  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  pond  made  by  damming  Scotland  Run,  a 
branch  of  the  Maurice  River.  It  was  flying  among  the  abundant  pick- 
erel weeds  (Pontcdcria  cordata,  var.  angustifolia~)  and  white  water 
lilies  (Castalia)  then  in  bloom  and  was  associated  with  Telagrion 
daeckii  and  numerous  Ischnura  posita,  while  Pachydiplax  longipennis 
and  Libellida  incesta  flew  above. 

PHILIP  P.  CALVERT. 

The  Druce  Collection  of  Lepidoptera. 

The  magnificent  collection  of  butterflies  and  moths,  with  its  hundreds 
of  types,  formed  by  the  late  Herbert  Druce,  Esq.,  has  passed  into  the 
Joicey  collection,  at  "The  Hill,"  Witley,  Surrey,  with  the  exception  of 
the  Lycaenidae  and  Hesperidae,  which  are  retained  by  Hamilton  H. 
Druce,  Esq. 

Entomologists  are  cordially  invited  to  use  the  collection  for  naming 
and  comparing. 
A.  NOAKES,  for  J.  J.  JOICEY,  ESQ.,  The  Hill,  Witley,  Surrey,  England. 

Material  Wanted — Lepidoptera. 

I  am  preparing  a  Revision  of  the  Heodina  (Ohrysophanids  or  cop- 
pers) and  there  are  several  American  species  I  do  not  possess,  viz: 
Tharsalca  arota,  Heodes  Aeldeni,  Chalceria  cuprcus,  snoiv'i  and  rubidus, 
Satyrium  fuliyinosa.  I  only  possess  very  few  specimens  of  Gacidcs, 
.ranthoides,  edit  ha  and  gorgon. 

I  should  be  very  grateful  if  any  Lepidopterists  would  be  so  good  as 
to  send  me  these  species  for  which  I  would  make  return  in  Exotics  or 
Palsarctic  species,  or  I  would  pay  cash. — G  T.  BETHUNE-BAKER,  19 
Clarendon  Road,  Edgbaston,  England. 

The  Audubon   Entomological  Club. 

On  May  27,  1913,  the  Audubon  Entomological  Club  was  organized 
at  the  office  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  at  Audubon  Park,  New 
Orleans,  La.,  by  E.  R.  Barber,  Dr.  Wm.  E.  Cross,  J.  R.  Horton,  W. 
V.  King  and  T.  E.  Holloway.  The  Club  will  afford  its  members  an 
opportunity  for  social  reunion,  but  the  principal  object  will  be  for  the 
discussion  of  entomological  work.  It  is  planned  to  have  neither  offi- 
cers nor  a  constitution,  as  these  are  regarded  as  unnecessary  for  the 
purposes  of  the  organization,  which  is  altogether  informal  and  not 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  375 

representative  of  any  special  group  of  workers,  though  most  of  the 
members  are  connected  with  the  Bureau  of  Entomology.  On  June  3, 
the  members  met  at  a  well  known  restaurant  in  New  Orleans  for  din- 
ner, and  on  this  occasion  the  name  of  the  Club  was  chosen  and  a 
general  plan  of  work  was  outlined.  The  meetings  will  be  held  here- 
after at  intervals  of  two  weeks,  and  at  each  meeting  the  discussion 
will  be  led  by  one  of  the  members,  who  will  talk  on  a  given  subject. 


Entomological   Literature. 

COMPILED    BY    E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR.,    AND    J.    A.    G.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting  those 
appearing  in  the  January  and  February  Issues  of  the  News,  which  are 
generally  dated  the  year  previous. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

1 — Proceedings,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 
4 — The  Canadian  Entomologist.  7 — U.  S.  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, Bureau  of  Entomology,  Washington.  9 — The  Entomol- 
ogist, London.  11 — Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History, 
London.  12 — Comptes  Rendus,  1'Academie  des  Sciences,  Paris. 
21 — The  Entomologist's  Record,  London.  22— Zoologischer  An- 
zeiger,  Leipzig.  25 — Bolletino,  Musei  di  Zoologia  ed  Anatomia 
Comparata  d.  R.  Universita  di  Torino.  35 — Annales,  Sociele 
Entomologique  de  Belgique.  38 — Wiener  Entomologische  Zei- 
tung,  40 — Societas  Entomologica,  Zurich.  42 — Journal,  Linnean 
Society,  Zoology,  London.  43 — La  Cellule.  46 — Tijdschrift  voor 
Kntomologie.  50 — Proceedings  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 
5l_Novitates  Zoologicae,  Tring,  England.  56— Mittheilungen, 
Schweizerischen  entomologischen  Gesellschaft,  Schaffhausen.  59— 
Sitzungsberichte,  Gesellschaft  der  naturforschenden  Freunde,  Ber- 
lin. 73 — Archives,  Zoologie  Experimentale  et  Generale,  Paris. 
74 — Naturwissenschaftliche  Wochenschrift,  Berlin.  78 — Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  London.  79 — La  Nature,  Paris.  86 — Annales,  Societe 
Entomologique  de  France,  Paris.  87 — Bulletin,  Societe  Entomolo- 


3/6  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

gique  de  France,  Paris.  92— Zeitschrift  fur  wissenschaftliche  In- 
sektenbiologie.  102 — Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Society  of 
Washington.  113 — Archives  Italiennes  de  Biologic.  119 — Archiv 
fur  Naturgeschichte,  Berlin.  153 — Bulletin,  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  New  York.  161 — Proceedings,  Biological  Society 
of  Washington.  166 — Internationale  Entomologische  Zeitschrift, 
Guben.  172 — The  American  Museum  Journal,  New  York.  173— 
Die  Grossschmetterlinge  der  Erde,  Fauna  Americana,  von  A. 
Seitz,  Stuttgart.  179 — Journal  of  Economic  Entomology.  180 — 
Annals,  Entomological  Society  oi  America.  189 — Journal  of 
Entomology  and  Zoology,  Claremont,  Calif.  198 — Biological  Bul- 
letin, Marine  Biological  Laboratory,  Woods  Hole,  Mass.  216 — 
Entomologische  Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.  223 — Broteria,  Re- 
vista  de  Sciencias  Naturaes  do  Collegio  de  S.  Fiel.  (Ser.  Zoolo- 
gica).  228 — Georgia  State  Board  of  Entomology,  Atlanta.  231— 
Annuaire,  Musee  Zoologique  de  1'Academie  Imperiale  des  Sciences 
de  St.  Petersbourg.  239 — Annales,  Biologic  Lacustre,  Brussels. 
243 — Yearbook,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 
251 — Annales,  Sciences  Naturelles,  Zoologie,  Paris.  264 — Boletin 
del  Ministerio  de  Agricultura,  Buenos  Aires.  269 — Memoirs,  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  in  India.  Entomological  Series,  Calcutta. 
273 — Proceedings,  Royal  Physical  Society  ....,  Edinburgh.  275— 
Philippine  Journal  of  Science,  Manila.  298 — Ofversigt,  Finska 
Vetenskaps-Societetens  Forhandlingar,  Helsingfors.  313 — Bulle- 
tin of  Entomological  Research,  London.  349 — Zoologische  An- 
nalen.  Zeitschrift  fur  Geschichte  der  Zoologie,  Wurzburg.  350 — 
Bulletin  from  the  Laboratory  of  Natural  History  of  the  State 
University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City.  369 — Entomologische  Mitteilun- 
gen,  Berlin-Dahlem.  394 — Parasitology,  Cambridge,  England.  411 
—Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.  420 — Insecu- 
tor  Inscitiae  Menstruus:  A  monthly  journal  of  entomology,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  422 — Coleopterologische  Rundschau,  Wien.  432 — 
The  Civic  Federation  of  New  Haven,  Conn. 

GENERAL  SUBJECT.  Aichberger,  R.  v.— Das  gehirn  eines 
niederen  insektes,  74,  xii,  347-49.  Bishopp,  F.  C. — Some  important 
insect  enemies  of  live  stock  in  the  13.  S.,  243,  1912,  383-396. 
Brehme,  H.  H. — Butterflies  and  other  insects  noted  at  Barnegat 
Pier,  411,  viii,  75-6.  Brocher,  F. — Recherches  sur  la  respiration 
des  insectes  aquatiques,  239,  v,  218-258.  Chase,  W.  W. — Principal 
insects  and  diseases  of  the  apple  in  Georgia,  228,  Bui.  38,  58  pp. 
Chittenden,  F.  H. — Insects  injurious  to  the  onion  crop,  243,  1912, 
319-334.  Coupin,  H. — Les  pleurs  de  sang  singulier  moyen  de  de- 
fense des  insectes,  79,  xli,  402-03.  Crampton,  C.  B. — Ecology,  the 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  3/7 

Dest  method  of  studying  the  distribution  of  species  in  Great 
Britain,  273,  xix,  33-36.  Dow,  R.  P. — The  rector  of  Barham  and 
his  times,  411,  viii,  68-74.  Franck,  G. — A  wandering  collector's 
narrative,  411,  viii,  62-67.  Goldi,  E.  A. — Die  bisherige  anschauung 
bezuglich  der  homologie  der  insekten-mundteile  mit  den  derivaten 
des  spaltfusses. .  . .,  56,  xii,  146-151.  Haskin,  J.  R. — Attacks  on 
insects  and  allied  questions,  21,  1913,  167.  Hewitt,  C.  G. — The 
imperial  bureau  of  entomology,  4,  1913,  171-74.  Hooker,  C.  W. — 
Obituary,  179,  vi,  334-36.  Jacobi,  A. — Mimikry  und  verwandte  er- 
scheinungen.  Fr.  Vierweg  &  Sohn  in  Braunschweig.  1913,  215 
pp.  (Bd.  47  of  "Die  Wissenschaft.")  Jehn,  H. — Die  praparation 
gruner  raupen,  216,  xxvii,  58-9.  Keller,  O. — Die  Antike  Tierwelt. 
2d  Bd.  Leipzig,  1913.  Verlag  von  W.  Engelmann.  (Tnsecta  & 
Arachnida,  395-484).  King,  H.  H. — Note  on  an  entomological 
store-box  suitable  for  use  in  the  tropics,  313,  iv,  85.  McAtee,  W. 
L.— Relation  of  birds  to  grain  aphides,  243,  1912,  397-404.  Max- 
well-Lefroy  &  Finlow. — Inquiry  into  the  insecticidal  action  of  some 
mineral  and  other  compounds  on  caterpillars,  269,  iv,  269-327. 
Quaintance,  A.  L. — Remarks  on  some  of  the  injurious  insects  of 
other  countries,  102,  xv,  54-83.  Timberlake,  P.  H. — Preliminary 
report  on  the  parasites  of  "Coccus  hesperidum"  in  California,  179, 
vi,  293-303.  Townsend,  C.  H.  T. — A  new  application  of  taxonomic 
principles,  180,  vi,  226-232.  Weiss,  H.  B. — Apperceptional  expec- 
tancy as  a  factor  in  protective  coloration,  4,  1913,  193-4.  Wesen- 
berg-Lund,  C. — Fortpflanzungsverhaltnisse:  Paarung  und  eiablage 
der  susswasserinsekten.  (Fortschritte  der  Naturwissenschaftlichen 
Forschung,  viii,  161-286,  1913).  Ziegler,  H.  E.— Ueber  die  neue 
nomenklatur,  349,  v,  255-265. 

Valette,  L.  H. — Apuntes  descriptivos  sobre  algunos  invertebra- 
dos  encontrados  en  un  viaje  a  las  Islas  Orcadas,  264,  xv,  293-306. 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Clementi,  A.— Sur  les  mecanismes  ner- 
veux  qui  reglent  la  coordination  des  mouvements  locomoteurs 
chez  les  Diplopodes,  113,  lix,  1-14.  Hilton,  W.  A. — Nerve  cells  of 
tarantula,  189,  v,  93-95.  McGregor,  E.  A. — The  red  spider  (Tetra- 
nychus  bimaculatus)  on  cotton,  7,  Circ.  172.  Nuttall,  G.  H.  F.— 
Note  on  coloration  in  ticks.  Observations  on  the  biology  of 
Ixodidae,  394,  vi,  49-51,  68-118.  Robinson  &  Davidson. — The  anat- 
omy of  "Argas  persicus,"  394,  vi,  20-40. 

Carl,  J. — Diplopodenstudien  I,  22,  xlii,  174-77.  Ewing,  H.  E.— 
New  acarina,  153,  xxxii,  93-121.  Verhoeff,  K.  W. — Zwei  neue  gat- 
tungen  der  Trachyzona  u.  superfam.  der  Ascospermophora,  22, 
xlii,  125-143. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct., '13 

APTERA  AND  NEUROPTERA.  Bugnion,  E.— Le  bruisse- 
ment  des  termites,  56,  xii,  125-139.  La  differenciation  des  castes 
chez  les  Termites,  87,  1913,  213-218.  Campion,  H. — Another  ab- 
normal dragonfly  wing,  9,  188-89.  The  antenodal  reticulation  of 
the  wings  of  Agrionine  dragonflies,  1,  1933,  220-224.  Rls,  F. — No'ch- 
mals  die  Perlide  "Capnioneura  nemuroides"  und  einige  bemerkungen 
7ur  morphologic  der  perliden,  369,  1913,  17S-1S5.  Smith,  L.  W.— 
The  biology  of  Perla  immarginata,  180,  vi,  203-212. 

Bacon,  G. — A  species  of  Collembola  found  with  termites,  189,  v, 
113.  Bartenef,  A.  N.— Contributions  to  the  knowledge  of  the  sp. 
of  the  gen.  "Sympycna"  and  their  subdivisions  (English),  231, 
1912,  144-164.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Two  fossil  insects  from  Floris- 
sant, Colorado,  with  a  description  of  the  venation  of  the  Aeshnine 
dragonflies,  50,  xlv,  577-583.  Hood,  J.  D. — Nine  new  Thysanoptera 
from  the  U.  S.,  161,  xxvi,  161-66.  Two  new  Thysanoptera  from 
Porto  Rico,  420,  i,  65-70.  Longinos  Navas,  R.  P. — Crisopidos 
sudamericanos,  223,  xi,  73-104  (cont.).  Martynov,  A.  B. — On  two 
collections  of  Trichoptera  from  Peru  (English),  231,  1912,  1-40. 
Valette,  L.  H. — (See  Arachnida).  Walker,  E.  M. — New  nymphs 
of  Canadian  Odonata,  4,  1913,  161-170. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Meijere,  J.  C.  H.  de— Uber  das  ausschlupfen 
der  Mantiden,  46,  xvi,  62-68.  Ramme,  W. — Ueber  einen  zwitter  von 
"Thamnotrizon  fallax,"  59,  1913,  83-89.  Regen,  J.— Untersuchungen 
ueber  die  stridulation  von  "Gryllus  campestris". .  .  .,  22,  xlii,  143- 
44.  Washburn,  F.  L. — A  successful  trap  for  cockroaches,  179,  vi, 
327-29. 

Azam,  T. — Notes  orthopterologiques,  87,  1913,  218-222.  Borelli, 
A. — Nuovo  genere  di  Dermatteri  della  Republica  Argentina.  Di 
alcuni  Dermatteri  d.  R.  A.,  25,  xxvii,  No.  649,  660.  Caudell,  A.  N. 
—A  new  pseudophylliid  from  Jamaica,  420,  i,  57-8.  Chopard,  L.— 
Contribution  a  la  faune  des  O.  de  la  Guyane  Francaise  (2d  Mem. 
Gryllidae),  86,  Ixxxi,  401-432.  Griffini,  A. — Intorno  ad  alcuni 
Stenopelmatidi  del  Museum  d'Historie  Naturelle  di  Parigl,  25, 
xxvii,  No.  662.  Shelford,  R. — Some  new  sp.  of  Blattidae  in  the 
Zoological  Museum,  Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences,  St.  Peters- 
burg, 231,  1912,  56-60. 

HEMIPTERA.  Essig,  E.  O.— The  Yerba  Santa  mealy  bug 
(Pseudococcus  yerba-santae),  189,  v,  85-88.  Lienhart,  R. — Habitat 
et  geonemie  d'Aepophilus  bonnairei,  251,  1913,  257-268.  Town- 
send,  C.  H.  T. — A  brief  report  on  the  piojo  bianco  (Hemichio- 
naspis  minor)  of  cotton,  179,  vi,  318-327.  Wilson,  E.  B. — A  chro- 
matoid  body  simulating  an  accessory  chromosome  in  Pentatoma, 
198,  xxiv,  392-410. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  379 

Gahan,  A.  B. — Some  notes  on  the  palpi  of  Aphidiinae,  102,  xv, 
86-7.  Van  der  Goot,  P. — Zur  systematik  der  Aphiden,  46,  xvi, 
69-155.  Patch,  E.  M. — A  note  on  two  elm  leaf  Aphides,  179,  vi, 
316-18.  A  study  in  antennal  variation,  180,  vi,  233-240.  Reuter, 

0.  M. — Bemerkungen  ueber  mein  neues  heteropterensystem.     He- 
mipterologische  miscellen.,  298,  liv,  Afd.  A.,  No.  6,   No.  7.     Smith, 
P.  E. — A  study  of  some  specific  characters  of  the  genus  Pseudo- 
coccus,  189,  v,  69-84.     Reuter  &  Poppius.— Zur  kenntnis  der  Ter- 
matophyliden,  298,  liv,  Afd.  A.,  No.  1. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Chapman,  T.  A.— Pupal  moult  of  "Agriades 
coridon;"  the  maxillary  pocket  of  Plebeiid  pupae,  21,  1913,  163-67. 
Chittenden,  F.  H. — The  spotted  beet  webworm  (Hymenia  per- 
spectalis),  7,  Bui.  127,  1-11.  Dyar,  H.  G.— The  larva  of  "Delias 
henninga."  A  galleriine  feeding  in  cacao  hods,  420,  i,  58-9.  Foun- 
taine,  M.  E. — Five  months'  butterfly  collecting  in  Costa  Rica  in 
the  summer  of  1911,  9,  1913,  189-195  (cont.).  Haseman,  L. — Un- 
spotted tentiform  leaf  miner  of  the  apple  (Ornix  geminatella), 
179,  vi,  313-316.  Long,  H.  C. — Destructive  insects  and  pests.  XI— 
The  nun  moth  (Liparis  monacha).  (Popular  ac.)  78,  1913,  380-81. 
Marsh,  H.  D. — The  striped  beet  caterpillar  (Mamestra  trifolii), 
7,  Bui..  127,  13-18.  Russell,  H.  M. — Observations  on  the  egg  para- 
sites of  Datana 'integerrima,  102,  xv,  91-97.  Stauder,  H. — Beitrage 
zur  biologic  der  raupen  von  "Lymantria  dispar"  und  "Phalacrop- 
teryx  praecellens,"  92,  ix,  148-151.  Zykoff,  W. — Psychiden-stu- 
dien,  92,  ix,  141-43. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough. — Species  of  L.  new  to  our  fauna,  with 
synonymical  notes,  4,  1913,  182-85.  Busck,  A. — New  Californian 
microlepidoptera,  189,  v,  96-102.  Notes  on  the  genus  Mieza,  with 
descriptions  of  3  n.  spp.  from  Costa  Rica,  420,  i,  70-73.  Clark,  A.  H. 
-Three  interesting  butterflies  from  eastern  Mass.,  50,  xlv,  363-364. 
Davis,  W.  T. — A  new  Pygarctia  from  Florida,  411,  viii,  59-61. 
Dyar,  H.  G. — Note  on  the  systematic  position  of  "Pseudacontia 
rhizoleuca."  A  note  on  "Talara  ruficollis,"  420,  i,  59-60,  75.  Ely, 
C.  R. — Notes  on  the  cocoons  of  some  of  the  sp.  of  the  gen.  "Acrp- 
basis"  and  descriptions  of  3  n.  sp.,  from  East  River,  Conn.,  420, 

1,  51-7.     Forbes,  W.  T.  M.— "Trichodea  ruisa"  n.  sp.:  a  structurally 
aberrant   noctuid,   420,   i,   74-75.      Pearsall,   R.    F. — Short    studies   in 
Geometridae,    No.    1,   411,   viii,    57-9.      Prout,    L.    B. — Contributions 
to    a    knowledge    of    the    subfamilies    Oenochrominae,    and    Heme- 
tlieinae    of    Geometridae,    51,    xx,    388-442.      Rothschild,    W.— Some 
unfigured    Syntomidae    (Plates    XIII    and    XIV),    51,    xx,    470-472. 
Strand,    E. — (The    genus    Castnia),    173,    ii,    9-l'i.      Swett,    L.    W.— 
Geometrid  notes — a  new  variety,  4,  1913,  174.     Verity,  R. — Revision 
of  the  Linnean  types  of  palaearctic  Rhopalocera,  42,  xxxii,  173-191. 


380  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

DIPTERA.  Anon.— Report  on  Mosquito  Control,  432,  Doc. 
No.  10,  37  pp.  Brain,  C.  K. — Stomoxys  calcitrans.  Pt.  2,  180,  vi, 
197-202.  Chaine,  J. — La  cecidomyie  du  buis  (Monarthropalpus 

buxi).     Morphologic,  biologic ,  251,  1913,  269-359.     Keilin,  D.— 

Sur  diverses  glandes  des  larves  de  dipteres  (note  preliminaire), 
73,  Hi,  1-8.  Mitzmain,  M.  B. — The  bionomics  of  "Stomoxys  cal- 
citrans"; a  preliminary  account,  275,  viii,  B,  29-48.  Pantel,  J.— 
Recherches  sur  les  dipteres  a  larves  entomobies.  II.  Les  envelop- 
pes  de  1'oeuf  avec  leurs  dependances,  les  degates  indirects  du 
parasitisme,  43,  xxix,  1-289.  Shelford,  V.  E. — The  life-history  of  a 
bee-fly  (Spogostylum  anale)  parasite  of  the  larva  of  a  tiger  beetle 
(Cicindela  scutellaris  var.  lecontei),  180,  vi,  213-225.  Strickland  & 
Merriman. — Observations  on  British  rat  fleas,  394,  vi,  1-19.  Whit- 
ing, P.  W. — Observations  on  the  chaetolaxy  of  Calliphorinae,  180, 
vi,  257-267.  Winslow,  C.  E.  A. — An  insect-borne  disease — infant 
paralysis  (illustrated  from  models  of  Stomoxys  and  Musca),  172, 
1913,  229-235. 

Alexander,  C.  P. — A  synopsis  of  part  of  the  neotropical  crane- 
flies  of  the  subfamily  Limnobinae,  50,  xliv,  481-549.  Dyar  &  Knab. 

-Three  new  neotropical  mosquitoes,  420,  i,  76-8.  Knab,  F. — A 
new  bot  fly  from  reindeer,  161,  xxvi,  155-56.  Malloch,  J.  R.— 
Notes  on  the  synonymy  of  some  gen.  and  spp.  in  the  Chloropidae, 
4,  1913,  175-78.  Four  n.  spp.  of  No.  American  Chloropidae,  420,  !, 
60-64.  Tothill,  J.  D. — A  study  in  variation  in  the  No.  Am.  green- 
bottle  flies  of  the  genus  Lucilia 180,  vi,  241-256.  Townsend, 

C.  H.  T. — A  new  genus  of  Streblidae,  102,  xv,  98-9.  Villeneuve,  J. 

—Notes   sur  quelques   Muscirfes,  87,   1913,   165-67. 

COLEOPTERA.  Bordas,  L. — Le  gesier  des  Dytiscides,  12, 
1913,  1703-1705.  Elser,  H. — Die  haftscheiben  des  Dytiscus,  40, 
xxviii,  47-8.  Keyl,  F. — Beschreibung  einer  fuhlerdoppelbildung  und 
flugelmissbildung  bei  "Prionocerus  coeruleipennis,"  46,  xvi,  1-12. 
Kutin,  E. — Ueber  praparation  von  Meloe,  422,  1913,  112-113.  Mor- 
gan, A.  C. — An  enemy  of  the  cigarette  beetle  (Lasioderma  serri- 
corne),  102,  xv,  89.  Netolitzky,  F. — Bembidion-Studien.  Das  sub- 
genus  "Plataphus,"  38,  xxxii,  137-152.  Pic,  M.— Quelques  details 
sur  les  moeurs  et  la  coloration  du  "Pytho  depressus,"  87,  1913, 
205-207.  Prell,  H. — Ueber  ein  elythrales  stridulum  bei  kaefern, 
22,  xlii,  99-104.  Procher,  F. — L'appareil  stridulatoire  de  "Hydro- 
philus  piceus"  et  celui  du  "Berosus  aericeps,"  239,  v,  215-217.  Ra- 
baud,  E. — Accouplement  et  ponte  des  "Larinus,"  87,  1913,  207-212. 
Townsend,  C.  H.  T. — Preliminary  report  on  the  picudo  (Antho- 
nomus  vestitus)  of  cotton  in  Peru,  179,  vi,  303-312. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  38 1 

Anon.  (Dow,  R.  P.)— Rare  or  new  C.  from  California,  411,  viii, 
77-78.  Grouvelle,  A.— Notes  sur  les  Silvanini.  Synonymies  et 
descriptions  de  genres  nouveaux  et  de  nouvelles  especes.  Famille 
des  Nitidulidae.  Notes  synonymiques  et  rectifications  a  la  nomen- 
clature. Etude  sur  les  Ancistria,  86,  Ixxxi,  313-386,  387-400,  433- 
494.  Lameere,  A. — Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  52:  Ceramby- 
cidae:  Prioninae,  108  pp.  Moser,  I. — Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der 
Cetoniden— XII,  35,  Ivii,  155-169.  Pierce,  W.  D.— Miscellaneous 
contributions  to  the  knowledge  of  the  weevils  of  the  families  Atte- 
labidae  and  Brachyrhinidae,  50,  xlv,  365-426.  Sicard,  A. — Coccinel- 
lides  nouveaux  de  la  collection  de  M.  Walter,  de  Ragern  (Mora- 
vie),  86,  Ixxxi,  507-513.  Wickham,  H.  F. — Fossil  C.  from  Floris- 
sant in  the  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  50,  xlv,  283-303.  Fossil  C.  from 
the  Wilson  ranch  near  Florissant,  Colorado,  350,  vi,  1-30. 

HYMENOPTERA.      Crawley,    W.    C.— Further    experiments    on 

the   temporary   social   parasitism   in   ants   of   the   genus   Lasius 

21,  1913,  135-138.  Girault,  A.  A. — Thoughts  on  the  H.  Tricho- 
grammatidae  with  corrective  notes  and  criticisms,  119,  1913,  Ab. 
A,  H.  1,  69-82.  Meissner,  O. — Ein  merkwurdiger  schmarotzer  von 
Cimbex  femorata,  166,  vii,  43-4.  Newell  &  Barber. — The  Argentine 
ant  dridomyrmex  humilis),  7,  Bui.  No.  122.  Russell,  A.  B. — (See 
under  Lepidoptera.)  Schmidt,  H. — Weitere  nachrichten  ueber  die 
verbreittmg  gallenbildender  Hymenopteren  in  der  niederschlesi- 
schen  ebene,  92,  ix,  152-56. 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Descriptions  and  records  of  bees — LTI,  11, 
xi,  530-542.  Crawford,  J.  C. — Descriptions  of  new  H.,  No.  6,  7,  50, 
xlv.  241-260,  309-317.  Crosby,  C.  R. — A  revision  of  the  No.  Am. 
sp.  of  Megastigmus,  180,  vi,  155-170.  Gahan,  A.  B. — A  new  gen. 
and  1  n.  sp.  of  Chalcidoidea,  4,  1913,  178-182.  Girault,  A.  A.— 
A  systematic  monograph  of  the  Chalcidoid  H.  of  the  subfamily 
Signiphorinae,  50,  xlv,  189-233.  Lucas,  R.— H.  fur  1911.  119,  1912. 
Ab.  B,  H.  6,  443  pp.  Rohwer,  S.  A. — A  synopsis,  and  descriptions 
of  the  nearctic  species  of  sawflies  of  the  genus  "Xyela,"  with  de- 
scriptions of New  parasitic  H.  belonging  to  the  tribe  Xori- 

dini.  Descriptions  of  13  n.  spp.  of  parasitic  H.  ;md  a  table  to  cer- 
tain species  of  the  genus  "Ecphylus,"  50,  xlv,  265-281,  353-61, 
533-40.  Schmiedeknecht,  O. — Opuscula  ichneumonologica,  Ease, 
xxxiv,  pp.  2643-2722.  Tryphoninac.  Waterhouse,  C.  O. — On  a 
n.  sp.  of  Mymaridae  from  Trinidad,  313,  iv,  87-88.  Zavattari,  E.— 
Weitere  materialien  zur  kenntnis  der  gattung  "Zethus,"  119,  1913, 
Ab.  A,  H.  1,  87-118. 


3§2  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

DISTRIBUTION  AND  SPECIES-FORMING  OF  ECTO- PARASITES,  By  VERNON 
LYMAN  KELI.O.GG.  American  Naturalist  for  March,  1913,  Vol.  XLVII, 
No.  555,  pp.  129-158. 

This  paper,  the  last  of  several  by  the  author  in  regard  to  the  dis- 
tribution and  species-forming  among  the  Mallophaga,  is  a  most  inter- 
esting and  important  one  from  several  standpoints. 

The  author  has  divided  the  paper  into  five  parts.  The  first  is  intro- 
ductory. The  second  deals  with  the  habits,  zoological  position,  and  life 
history  of  the  Mallophaga.  In  the  third  the  writer  treats  of  the  distri- 
bution of  the  ecto-parasites  and  their  systematic  relationships,  together 
with  some  related  problems.  It  is  in  the  fourth,  the  longest  and  most 
important  part  of  the  paper,  that  the  writer  enters  into  the  considera- 
tion of  the  very  interesting  phylogenetic  problems  suggested  by  the 
study  of  the  host  and  geographic  distribution.  Part  five  is  a  short  sum- 
mary of  conclusions.  The  author  pays  special  attention  to  two  aspects 
of  the  distribution  of  the  biting  lice.  In  regard  to  the  first  he  states, 
"there  is  apparent  in  Mallophagan  distribution  a  general  faithfulness 
of  parasite  to  host-kind  or  group  of  related  host-kinds,  and  this  with- 
out much  reference  to  geographical  conditions."  In  regard  to  the  sec- 
ond aspect  the  writer  has  already  written  much.  Here  he  presents  in 
a  fuller  and  more  convincing  form  his  law  in  regard  to  the  distribution 
of  certain  parasites.  He  explains  it  as  follows,  "there  appears  a  plain 
tendency  for  a  single  parasite  species  to  be  common  to  two  or  more  re- 
lated host  species,  even  though  these  hosts  be  so  widely  separted  geo- 
graphically and  so  restricted  to  their  separate  geographic  ranges  that 
all  possible  chance  of  contact  between  individuals  of  the  different  host 
species  seems  positively  precluded."  This  state  of  affairs  the  writer 
explains  as  follows,  "the  parasite  species  has  been  handed  down  prac- 
tically unchanged  to  the  present  specifically  and  even  generically  dis- 
tinct several  bird  species  from  their  common  ancestor  of  earlier  days." 

In  regard  to  the  general  significance  of  this  law,  I  can  state  that  I 
have  found  it  to  hold  true  in  regard  to  the  distribution  of  certain  ecto- 
parasitic  mites,  but  not  for  all  of  them  or  for  many  groups.  However, 
the  parasitic  Acarina  constitute  several  distinct  phylogenetic  units,  and 
their  habits  are  very  diverse.  It  would  be  of  great  importance  to 
science  if  some  one  would  investigate  other  groups  of  ecto-parasites  in 
order  to  see  if  Professor  Kellogg's  law  has  a  general  application. — H. 
E.  EWING. 

BIBUOGRAPHIA  LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA.  W.  Junk,  Verlag  und  Antiquariat 
fur  Entomologie.  Berlin  W.  15.  Sachsische  Str.  68.  1913.  In  linen 
boards,  i  mark  40  pfennig,  post  free. — In  the  NEWS  for  April,  1912,  p. 
191,  we  summarized  the  contents  of  Herr  Junk's  very  useful  Biblio- 
graphia  Coleopterologica.  The  present  catalog  and  price  list  is  a  simi- 
lar production,  including  3952  titles,  preceded  by  a  20  page  classified 
resume  of  the  most  important  literature  on  the  Lepidoptera  and  a  6 
page  list  of  living  Lepidopterological  authors  with  their  addresses.  The 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  383 

extent  of  the  literature  on  this  group  of  insects  is  such  that  Herr  Junk- 
estimates  the  cost  of  a  working  library  of  the  most  important  books 
and  periodicals  at  50,000  marks,  while  the  yearly  subscriptions  to  im- 
portant journals  would  amount  to  about  600  marks.  (Advertisement.) 

OBITUARY. 

DR.  HORACE  JAYNE. 

(Portrait,  Plate  XII  ) 

Dr.  Horace  Jaync,  at  one  time  actively  interested  in  the 
study  of  the  Coleoptera,  died  at  Wallingford,  Pennsylvania, 
near  Philadelphia,  on  Tuesday,  July  8,  1913,  in  his  fifty-fifth 
year. 

He  was  a  son  of  Dr.  David  Jayne  and  was  horn  in  Philadel- 
phia, March  17,  1859,  graduated  from  the  College  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  in  1879  and  from  the  Medical  School 
of  the  same  in  1882.  After  studies  at  the  universities  of  Leip- 
zig, Jena  and  Johns  Hopkins,  he  returned  to  that  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  became  assistant  instructor  in  Biology  and  pro- 
fessor of  Vertebrate  Morphology,  1884-1894.  He  took  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  founding  of  the  School  of  Biology,  serving  as 
secretary  of  the  Faculty  thereof,  1884-1889,  Dr.  Joseph  Leidy 
being  director  of  the  school.  In  1889  Dr.  Jayne  became  Dean 
of  the  College  Faculty,  and  in  1892  of  that  of  the  Department 
of  Philosophy  also,  holding  both  positions  until  1894.  From 
that  year  until  1905  he  was  professor  of  Zoology  and  director 
of  the  Wistar  Institute  of  Anatomy  and  Biology  of  the  same 
university.  In  later  years,  until  1909,  he  took  an  active  edi- 
torial interest  in  the  Journal  of  Morphology,  the  Anatomical 
Record  and  the  Journal  of  Experimental  Zoology. 

His  zoological  activities  for  the  last  thirty  years  of  his  life 
were  mainly  concerned  with  the  mammals,  and  his  chief  work 
was  Mammalian  Anatomy,  A  Preparation  for  Human  and 
Comparative  Anatomy.  Part  I.  The  Skeleton  of  the  Cat,  its 
Muscular  Attachments,  Grou'th  and  Variations,  compared 
with  the  Skeleton  of  Man  (Philadelphia,  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co., 
1898),  a  stout  octavo  volume  of  836  pages  and  over  500  origin- 
al illustrations.  This  volume  was  intended,  to  quote  from  the 
preface,  as  "the  first  of  a  series  which  aims  to  present  a  more 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,  '13 

accurate  and  more  comprehensive  description  of  the  structure 
of  a  typical  mammal  than  has  been  hitherto  attempted."  No 
other  volume  appeared,  however. 

In  a  brief  notice  which  he  read  on  April  10,  1895,  at  a  me- 
morial meeting  for  his  university  colleague,  John  A.  Ryder, 
Dr.  Jayne  refers  to  his  own  work,  "in  arranging  part  of  the 
collections  of  the  [American]  Entomological  Society"  at  a 
time  when  he  first  made  Ryder's  acquaintance.  This  must 
have  been  about  1876.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Society 
August  9,  1875,  in  the  year  before  that  body  came  to  occupy 
quarters  in  the  building  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences.  His  association  here  with  Drs.  LeConte  and  Horn 
is  indicated  in  the  opening  paragraphs  of  his  two  Coleoptero- 
logical  articles,  Descriptions  of  some  monstrosities  observed  in 
North  American  Coleoptera  (Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  VIII, 
pp.  155-162,  pi.  IV,  June.  1880)  and  Revision  of  the  Dermesti- 
dae  of  the  United  States  (Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  XX,  pp. 
343-377,  pis.  1-4,  August  18.  1882).  The  latter  paper  is  the 
more  pretentious,  and  in  it  the  author  says:  r'The  arrange- 
ment of  genera  is,  substantially,  that  already  well  known,  save 
only  the  necessary  alterations  incident  to  the  introduction  of 
two  new  genera,  \Acolpns  and  A.rinoccnts].  The  specific 
classification  is  almost  entirely  original."  Three  new  species 
of  Attagenus,  one  of  Acolpus,  two  of  Trogoderma,  one  of 
Axinocerus,  were  described.  In  both  of  these  papers  the  au- 
thor's name  appears  as  Horace  F.  Jayne,  but  he  dropped  the 
"F."  in  later  years. 

Dr.  Jayne,  in  virtue  of  his  position  as  secretary  of  the  Fac- 
ulty of  Biology  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1888, 
will  ever  be  associated  in  my  memory  with  the  happy  beginnings 
of  my  own  collegiate  studies  in  zoology  and  with  his  willing 
assumption  of  the  task  of  major  examiner  for  the  doctor's  de- 
gree, a  post  made  suddenly  vacant  by  the  death  of  Ryder. 
Those  kindly  recollections  have  remained  unclouded,  and  it  is 
with  genuine  sorrow  that  this  brief  notice  is  written  in  some 
slight  acknowledgment  of  him  who  has  passed  away. 

P.  P.  C. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  XII 


DR.     HORACE     JAYNE 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXIV.  No.  9 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  XIII. 


10 


OLLA    ABDOMINALIS-BLAISDELL. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY    OF    NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL.  XXIV. 


NOVEMBER,   1913. 


No.  9. 


CONTENTS: 


Blaisdell— Variations    in   the    Macula- 
tion  of  Olla  abdominalis  Say  (Col., 

Coccinellidae) 385 

Rau  and  Rau — Some  Observations  on 

Mud  Wasps  (Hymen.) 392 

Alexander— The  Neotropical  Tipulidae 
in  the  Hungarian  National  Museum 

( Diptera )— 1 404 

A  Hale  and  Hearty  Entomologist 412 

Crawford— Mexico  Gulf  Coast  Citrus 

Fruit  Association 412 

Editorial— A  Little  Learning 413 

Overman — Cystineura  amymone  ( Lep. )  415 
King  George's  Interest  in  Entomology  416 
The  Largest  Living  Insects  (Orthop. )  416 


Notice  of  Public  Hearing  on  the  Alli- 
gator Pear  Weevil  ( Coleop. ) 416 

Entomological  Literature 417 

Review  of  Folsom's  Entomology,  Sec- 
ond Revised  Edition 423 

Review  of  Perkin's  Introduction  to  the 
Fauna  Hawaiiensis 424 

Feldman     Collecting    Social    (Lepid., 
Coleop.,  Hym.) 427 

AmericanEntomological  Society!  Orth., 
Lep.,  Dipt.,  Odon.,  Hym.) 43° 

Obituary— Herbert  Druce 432 

Dr.  Auguste  Puton 432 

Prof.  Fritz  Wachtl 432 

Dr.  Paolo  Magretti 432 


Variations  in  the  Maculation  of  Olla  abdominalis  Say 

(Coleop.,  Coccinellidae). 
By  FRANK  E.  BLAISDELL,  SR.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

(Plate  XIII.) 

The  present  paper  is  based  on  a  study  of  the  variations  in 
the  maculation  found  to  be  present  in  a  series  of  200  speci- 
mens of  Olla  abdominalis,  collected  on  November  26,  1910, 
at  Vine  Hill,  Contra  Costa  County,  California. 

At  Vine  Hill  the  meteorological  conditions  are  moderate  and 
"lully-fogs"  are  frequent. 

The  large  series  was  collected  from  beneath  the  bark  on 
eucalyptus  trees.  These  coccinellids  were  there  to  hibernate 
through  the  winter,  and  the  individuals  were  congregated  in 
groups  of  from  two  to  twelve.  They  never  congregate  in 
such  immense  masses  as  do  the  Hippodamiae.  Usually  there 
was  one  Olla  plagiata  Casey  with  each  of  the  groups,  irrespec- 


385 


386  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [NOV.,  '13 

live  of  whether  they  were  made  up  of  two  or  more  individuals. 
The  latter  species  is  the  one  formerly  known  as  Cycloneda 
oculata  Fab.,  a  variety  of  abdominalis  before  Casey  removed 
it  from  the  genus  Cycloneda  and  placed  it  in  the  genus  Olla. 

Colonel  Casey,  in  his  revision  of  the  Coccinellidse,  states 
that  the  large  series  of  Olla  abdominalis  studied  by  him  ex- 
hibited an  extremely  small  amount  of  variation,  which,  con- 
sidering its  geographical  range,  is  very  remarkable.  The  fol- 
lowing descriptive  notes  are  taken  from  his  diagnosis  of  the 
species : 

Upper  surface  pale  brownish-yellow,  head  pale  and  immaculate. 
Pronotum  with  a  basal  black  spot  at  two-fifths  from  the  middle  and 
a  short  transverse  spot  before  the  scutellum,  also  with  two  pos- 
teriorly converging  black  spots  at  the  center  and  a  narrow  elongate 
spot  on  the  median  line  joining  the  ante-scutellar  spot  and,  at  lateral 
eighth  and  basal  third,  a  small  rounded  spot.  Scutellum  black  in  the 
male.  Elytra  each  with  a  subbasal  transverse  series  of  four  small  black 
spots,  a  median  series  of  three  spots,  the  medial  the  largest  and  trans- 
versely crescentiform  and,  at  apical  fourth  near  the  margin,  another 
small  rounded  black  spot.  Legs  and  under  surface  pale. 

After  a  careful  study  of  the  series  under  consideration, 
thirty-one  specimens  were  selected  out  of  the  two  hundred 
and  arranged  so  that  at  one  extreme  they  tended  toward 
albinism  and  at  the  other  toward  melanism.  By  selecting  and 
classifying-  the  variations  in  elytral  maculation,  it  was  pos- 
sible to  arrange  them  in  ten  series,  as  follows: 

Series  I,  fig.  i. — Subbasal  transverse  series  of  elytral  maculae  small 
and  subequal ;  median*  macula  of  the  median  series  obsolete,  the 
medial  and  lateral  maculae  larger  than  those  of  the  subbasal  series, 
the  medial  scarcely  crescentiform ;  subapical  macula  very  minute. 
Pronptal  maculae  all  rather  widely  separated,  lateral  macula  minute. 
Scutellum  and  sutural  margins  of  the  elytra  pale.  Under  surface 
and  legs  rufo-testaceous,  except  the  metasternum,  which  is  rufous, 
and  the  meso-  and  met-episterna  which  are  distinctively  whitish,  the 
small  epimera  apparently  concolorous. 

A  companion  specimen  to  the  one  from  which  fig.  i  was  drawn,  is 
identical  with  the  above,  but  the  meso-  and  met-episterna  are  white, 
the  mes-epimera  apparently  rufo-fuscous,  and  the  met-epimera  are 
white ;  the  metasternum  rufous,  laterally  rufo-piceous,  the  first  two 

*Note. — The  adjectival  terms  lateral,  median  and  medial  refer  to 
the  maculae  in  a  series  on  each  elytron. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  387 

abdominal  segments  are  rufous  centrally  and  each  has  a  piceous  macula 
laterally. 

Series  2,  fig.  2. — In  the  subbasal  transverse  series  of  small  spots  the  sec- 
ond from  the  suture  is  distinctly  enlarged  and  slightly  more  ex- 
tended posteriorly ;  median  macula  of  the  median  series  present  and 
very  small,  medial  macula  distinctly  crescentiform  and  nar- 
rower; subapical  macula  larger.  Sutural  margins  of  the  elytra  con- 
colorous  with  the  disc.  Pronotal  maculae  slightly  less  widely  sep- 
arated and  the  lateral  macula  larger.  Under  surface  paler,  as  in  the 
type  of  Series  i,  except  that  the  general  color  is  more  rufous  and 
the  side  pieces  scarcely  whitish.  Two  companion  specimens  to  the 
type  of  Series  2  are  identical,  except  that  the  side  pieces  are  more 
whitish. 

Series  3,  fig.  3. — Maculae  of  the  subbasal  series  larger  and  sub- 
equal  ;  maculae  of  the  median  series  distinctly  larger,  the  medial  sub- 
crescentiform,  thicker  and  more  irregular  in  outline,  lateral  macula 
slightly  t»he  largest.  Pronotum  with  the  posteriorly  converging  maculae 
nearer  together  and  almost  connected  with  the  narrow  elongated 
macula  which  is  continuous  with  the  ante-scutellar  macula.  Edge 
of  the  sutural  margin  of  each  elytron  very  narrowly  nigrescent. 

Under  surface  as  in  the  type  of  Series  2.  Four  companion  speci- 
mens to  the  type  of  the  present  series,  vary  as  follows : — One  has  the 
under  surface  the  same,  but  the  side  pieces  of  the  sterna  are  whitish ; 
the  second  has  the  metasteruum  and  first  two  abdominal  segments 
slightly  piceous ;  the  third  has  the  metsternum  nigro-piceous ;  the 
fourth  is  rufous  beneath  with  the  abdominal  segments  piceous  cen- 
trally. 

Series  4,  fig.  4. — Medial  and  umbonal  maculae  larger  than  in  the 
type  of  Series  3;  median  series  with  the  lateral  and  median  maculae 
slightly  smaller,  the  medial  thicker  and  more  crescentiform;  sub- 
apical  macula  distinctly  larger  and  irregular.  Pronotum  with  the 
maculae  narrowly  connected,  forming  an  irregular  M-shaped  figure ; 
lateral  maculae  larger  and  rounded.  The  mes-  and  met-episterna  are 
whitish ;  metasternum  and  first  two  abdominal  segments  are  ruf  o- 
piceous,  remaining  segments  gradually  becoming  rufous  to  the  fifth. 

Seven  companion  specimens  to  the  present  type  are  variable  in  the 
color  of  the  under  surface,  metasternum  nigro-piceous,  or  meta- 
sternum and  first  three  abdominal  segments  nigro-piceous  to  rufo- 
piceous,  to  entirely  rufous ;  one  specimen  has  the  metasternum  and 
four  abdominal  segments  nigro-piceous,  and  the  fifth  segment  rufo- 
piceous ;  another  specimen  has  the  mes-epimera  nigro-piceous. 

Scries  5,  fig.  5 — Maculae  of  all  the  series  larger  and  more  subequal, 
the  medial  of  the  median  series  distinctly  thicker  and  less  evenly  cres- 
centiform. Pronotal  M-shaped  maculation  larger  and  heavier,  con- 
nectants  thicker.  Lateral  macula  no  larger  than  in  the  type  of  Series 


388  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov., '13 

4,  and  the  limit  in  size.     The  metasternum  and  abdominal  segments 
piceous,  the  latter  moderately  narrowly  rufo-piceous  at  the  sides. 

Three  companion  specimens  have  the  under  surface  about  as  in  the 
type  of  the  present  series,  but  the  pronotal  maculae  are  more  or  less 
separated  as  in  fig.  9. 

Series  6,  fig.  6. — Maculae  of  the  subbasal  series  distinctly  heavier 
and  more  irregular,  the  medial  two  of  each  side  coalescing;  median 
series  of  maculae  slightly  smaller  than  in  the  type  of  the  preceding 
series  and  subequal,  medial  maculae  less  crescentiform ;  subapical 
macula  slightly  smaller  than  in  fig.  5.  Pronotal  M-shaped  macula- 
tion  slightly  less  heavy.  Under  surface  pale  rufous,  with  the  sides 
of  the  metasternum  rufo-piceous. 

Scries  7,  fig.  7. — Maculae  of  the  subbasal  series  smaller,  except  the 
medial  two;  median  series  larger  and  more  irregular,  the  medial  and 
median  of  each  side  coalescing,  the  medial  macula  largest  and  more 
obtusangular ;  subapical  macula  large.  Pronotal  M-shaped  macula- 
tion  as  in  the  type  of  Series  6,  lateral  macula  smaller.  Under  surface 
pale  as  usual,  with  the  sides  of  the  metasternum  slightly  piceou?.  A 
companion  specimen  has  the  elytral  subbasal  series  of  maculae  dis- 
tinctly larger  and  subequal,  the  sub-apical  macula  rounded  and  sub- 
equal  to  the  largest. 

Series  8,  fig.  8. — The  second  macula  on  each  side  of  the  suture  in 
the  subbasal  series  is  distinctly  extended  posteriorly,  and  the 
sutural  macula  slightly  produced  anteriorly,  both  subequal,  similar  in 
form  and  larger  than  the  lateral  two ;  median  series  of  maculae  sub- 
equal  in  size  and  smaller  than  in  type  7 ;  subapical  maculae  as  in  Series  7. 
Pronotal  M-shaped  maculation  a  little  heavier  than  in  Series  7, 
lateral  macula  as  in  Series  6.  The  metasternum  is  rufo-piceous,  the 
abdominal  segments  slightly  paler  rufo-piceous,  laterally  and  apically 
more  or  less  rufous.  A  companion  specimen  is  similarly  colored. 

General  color  of  the  elytra  within  an  area  as  shaded  in  fig.  8,  dis- 
tinctly pale  scarlet,  enclosed  maculae  are  surrounded  by  a  halo  of  the 
usual  color.  Several  specimens  in  the  original  series  had  the  entire 
elyra  tinged  with  pale  or  obscure  scarlet,  the  maculae  with  or  without 
a  halo. 

Scries  9,  fig.  9. — The  medial  macula  of  the  subbasal  series  is  slightly 
produced  posteriorly,  the  series  as  a  whole  apparently  straighter, 
size  of  the  maculae  as  in  figs.  7  and  8;  maculae  of  the  median  series 
larger  than  in  Series  8  and  very  narrowly  separated  from  each  other, 
the  medial  macula  being  as  distant  from  the  suture  as  in  all  the  pre- 
ceding series ;  subapical  macula  as  in  fig.  4.  The  pronotal  M-shaped 
maculation  dissolved,  the  medial  maculae  very  narrowly  separated; 
lateral  macula  as  in  Series  7.  Under  surface  of  the  type  and  two  com- 
panion specimens  dark,  metasternum  and  abdomen  nigro-piceous,  ter- 
minal segment  more  or  less  rufous. 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  389 

Series  10,  fig.  10. — Maculae  of  the  subbasal  series  nearly  as  in 
Series  8;  maculae  of  the  median  series  enlarged,  the  medial  crescenti- 
form,  the  lateral  and  median  nearly  coalescent,  the  median  macula 
produced  posteriorly  and  confluent  with  the  subapical  macula,  the  three 
forming  an  irregular  figure-;  pattern.  Pronotal  M-shaped  maculation 
again  reconstructed  as  in  Series  7  and  8.  Under  surface  dark,  as  in 
Series  9. 

Figure  n  is  drawn  from  a  specimen  collected  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia, and  kindly  loaned  to  me  by  Dr.  E.  C.  Van  Dyke.  The  elytral 
maculation  is  self-explanatory  after  what  has  been  said  in  the  con- 
sideration of  the  preceding  series.  In  the  specimen  the  metasternum 
and  abdomen  are  dark  rufous,  the  central  area  of  the  abdomen  is 
clear  rufous.  The  mes-  and  met-episterna  are  distinctly  whitish.  The 
lateral  macula  of  the  median  series  nearly  meets  the  marginal  bead, 
the  latter  and  sutural  edge  of  the  elytra  are  very  narrowly  piceous. 
The  scutellum  is  fuscous.  Two  companion  specimens  collected  at 
Old  Fort  Brown,  Brownsville,  Texas,  on  August  3d,  1906,  by  A.  B. 
Wolcott  and  loaned  to  me  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Nunenmacher,  are  quite  iden- 
tical in  elytral  maculation.  In  one  specimen  the  under  surface  is 
rufous  and  the  mestasternum  is  rufo-piceous.  In  the  other  one  the 
metasternum  is  nigro-piceous  and  the  general  color  darker  rufous.  In 
both  the  mes-  and  met-episterna  and  met-epimera  are  distinctly  whit- 
ish, the  white  extending  caudad  along  the  sides  of  the  first  two  ab- 
dominal segments,  and  more  dilated  on  the  first  segment  in  one 
specimen  than  in  the  other. 

The  coxal  lines  in  both  are  black  and  the  enclosed  coxal  plate  is 
rufo-piceous.  In  one  specimen  the  front  of  the  head  is  fuscous ;  in 
both  the  marginal  and  sutural  edges  of  the  elytra  are  dark  as  in 
Series  10.  The  scutellum  is  fuscous. 

A  careful  re-examination  of  Type  10  clearly  determines  that  the 
white  of  the  sternal  side  pieces  extends  backward  on  the  first  two 
abdominal  segments. 

Mr.  Nunenmacher  informs  me  that  these  extreme  dark 
forms  are  more  common  in  Mexico.  They  are  rare  north  of 
the  Mexican  boundary,  at  least  as  far  as  we  know  here  on 
the  Pacific  coast. 

Figure  12  illustrates  an  extreme  pale  form  taken  in  Ari- 
zona, and  it  appears  to  be  rare.  The  white  of  the  sternal 
side  pieces  is  distinct  and  its  extension  backward  upon  the 
abdomen  is  also  evident. 

The  extension  of  the  white  upon  the  sides  of  the  abdomen 
occurs  sporadically  in  specimens  collected  at  Mokelumne  Hill, 


39O  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,'l3 

Calaveras  County,  California,  elevation  2,300  feet.  A  series 
of  four  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  G.  R.  Pilate,  at  El  Centro, 
Imperial  County,  California,  is  to  be  referred  to  Series  i 
and  2  of  the  present  paper. 

The  material  just  discussed  does  not  in  any  way  elucidate 
the  relation  between  Olla  abdominalis  and  Olla  plagiata  Casey. 

The  above  interesting  series  has  caused  considerable  specu- 
lation as  to  the  factors  which  act  to  bring  about  this  variation 
in  pigmentation.  The  normal  tendency  in  Olla  abdominalis  is 
toward  albinism, 

I  desire  to  mention  the  conclusions  or  theoretical  sugges- 
tions of  W.  L.  Tower,  who  made  his  studies  on  Lepti- 
notarsa  lo-lineata.  His  experiments  extended  over  a  period 
of,. eleven  years,  and  his  results  have  been  published  by  the 
Carnegie  Institution  at  Washington. 

Tower  believes  that  color  production  in  insects  is  depend- 
ent on  the  action  of  a  group  of  closely  related  enzymes,  of 
which  chitase,  the  agent  which  produces  hardening  of  chitin, 
is  the  most  important.  He  demonstrates  by  a  series  of  well- 
planned  experiments  that  colors  are  directly  modified  by  the 
action  of  external  agencies,  namely:  temperature,  humidity, 
food,  altitude  and  light.  Food  chiefly  affects  the  subhypo- 
dermal  colors  of  the  larvae,  and  does  not  enter  much  into  ac- 
count, the  most  important  agents  affecting  the  adult  coloration 
being  temperature  and  humidity.  A  slight  increase  or  a  slight 
decrease  of  temperature  or  humidity  was  found  to  stimulate 
the  action  of  the  color-producing  enzymes,  giving  a  tendency 
to  melanism;  but  a  large  increase  or  large  decrease  of  tem- 
perature or  humidity  was  found  to  inhibit  the  action  of  the 
enzymes,  producing  a  strong  tendency  to  albinism. 

There  seems  to  be  no  logical  reason  why  we  should  not 
reason  from  analogy.  Let  it  be  granted  that  there  is  such 
an  enzyme  as  chitase  or  its  analogues  present  during  the 
earlier  stages  in  the  ontogenesis  of  insects  and  that  tempera- 
ture and  humidity  can  produce  the  optimum  state  for  the 
activity  of  such  enzymes,  just  as  they  do  for  other  ferments, 
notably  those  for  the  conversion  of  proteids  into  peptones, 


Vol.  Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  39 1 

or  starch  into  sugar ;  or  that  a  similar  environment  excites 
activity  in  organized  ferments.  Biologists  contend  that  en- 
vironment plays  a  very  important  part  in  the  variation  of  or- 
ganisms, not  only  in  the  modification  of  coloration,  but  also 
in  sculpturing. 

It  is  important  to  emphasize  the  necessity  of  observing  large 
series  of  insects  and  of  keeping  very  careful  and  detailed  rec- 
ords of  the  meteorological  conditions  attending  their  onto- 
genesis under  natural  conditions,  in  order  to  correlate  the  ob- 
served facts  with  analogous  data  obtained  through  experimen- 
tation in  the  laboratory. 

The  collecting  of  large  numbers  of  coccinellids  necessitates 
some  rapid  and  effective  way  of  cleansing  them  after  re- 
moval from  the  cyanide  bottle.  It  is  well  known  that  these 
beetles  throw  out  secretions  from  glands  situated  in  the  sides 
of  their  bodies  and  from  articulations,  besides  regurgitating 
the  ingesta. 

It  is  recommended  that  the  entire  catch  of  the  specimens, 
few  or  many  in  number,  be  placed  in  a  vial  and  that  they 
be  covered  with  chloroform  and  gently  shaken  for  about  one- 
half  of  a  minute.  That  the  chloroform  be  then  poured  off 
into  another  vial  and  the  insects  shaken  out  upon  a  sheet  of 
blotting  paper  to  permit  of  the  evaporation  of  the  chloro- 
form. They  will  then  be  perfectly  clean,  bright  and  shining 
with  colors  and  sculpturing  fully  cleared  for  study. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

BLAISDELL,  F.  E. — A  Monographic  Revision  of  the  Coleoptera  belong- 
ing to  the  Tenebrionide  Tribe  Eleodiini.  Bull.  63,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
1909. 

Studies  in  the  Tenebrionid  Tribe  Eleodiini.  Ent.  News,  Vol.  XXI, 
No.  2,  p.  60,  1910. 

TOWER,  W.  L. — An  Investigation  of  Evolution  in  Chrysomelid 
Beetles  of  the  Genus  Leptinotarsus,  Pub.  Carnegie  Institution  of 
Washington  (Paper  No.  4,  Station  for  Experimental  Evolution). 

CASEY,  THOS.  L. — Revision  of  the  Coccinellidae,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc., 
1899,  P.  93- 

PALMER,  MIRIAM  A. — Some  Notes  on  Heredity  in  the  Coccinellid 
Genus  Adalia  'Mulsant,  Annals  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  Vol.  IV,  No.  3, 
1911,  p.  283. 


392  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

Some  Observations  on  Mud  Wasps  (Hymen.). 

By  PHIL  RAU  and  NELLIE  RAU,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
A  Wasp  and  Her  Spiders. 

A  Pelopocus*  was  building  her  nest  on  the  wall  of  the 
room  behind  a  dark  curtain,  and  about  five  feet  from  the 
floor.  I  came  in  time,  5  P.  M.,  June  23,  to  see  her  seal  up  the 
first  cell.  By  1.30  the  next  day  the  second  cell  was  three- 
quarters  done,  and  by  10  o'clock  the  following  morning  it  too 
had  been  completed  and  sealed.  For  five  hours  I  watched  for 
this  builder  to  return  to  add  the  third  cell,  but  it  was  not  un- 
til 3.55  that  she  returned,  bringing  a  pellet  of  mud.  She 
alighted  upon  a  highly-colored  cover  of  one  of  the  current 
magazines  which  lay  on  a  soap-box  by  the  wall.  From  this 
landing  she  walked  slowly  but  directly  to  the  wall  and  then 
straight  up  the  wall  for  about  12  inches  until  exactly  even 
with  the  nest,  then  taking  a  horizontal  course  she  walked 
toward  the  nest,  but  when  about  6  inches  from  it  she  hesitated, 
made  a  circle  of  perhaps  il/2  inches,  hesitated  again  for  a 
few  seconds,  then  flew  directly  to  the  nest,  made  her  deposit 
and  immediately  flew  out  again. 

I  removed  the  colored  magazine  cover  upon  which  she  had 
alighted  when  entering,  thinking-  to  confuse  her.  She  re- 
turned after  an  absence  of  30  minutes,  but  did  not  seem  to 
miss  her  landmark,  for  when  this  was  gone  she  alighted  on 
the  wall  and  went  directly  to  the  nest  as  before.  By  4 
o'clock  the  third  cell  was  completed  and  the  wasp  was  busy 
in  carrying  in  spiders.  While  she  was  out  hunting  I  removed 
four  spiders  from  the  nest  of  another  wasp.  They  had  the 
appearance  of  having  been  newly  paralyzed.  These  I  added 
to  those  already  in  the  cell  in  order  to  find  out  whether  the 
mother  wasp  could  or  could  not  recognize  foreign  prey.  She 
returned  with  one  spider,  the  booty  of  a  half-hour's  hunt,  and 
flew  to  the  nest  with  no  difficulty,  entered  the  cell,  but  left 
it  immediately,  buzzed  around  the  room  in  one  large  circle 
and  then  back  to  the  nest  again,  removed  one  of  my  spiders 

*  Sceliphron  (Pelopocus}  caementarium. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  393 

and  flew  out  of  the  window  with  it.  She  then  removed  the 
second  and  third  and  fourth  spiders  in  precisely  the  same 
way. 

She  extracted  the  four  foreign  spiders  and  carried  each  one 
out  of  the  window ;  why,  pray,  did  she  not  drop  them  on  the 
floor  and  spare  herself  the  trouble  of  carrying  them  so  far 
away?  Having  begun  to  carry  out  the  foreigners,  will  she 
know  when  to  stop,  or  will  she  blindly  carry  out  her  own  vic- 
tims as  well?  She  returned  and  carried  out  a  fifth  spider  by 
way  of  the  window,  then  threw  the  sixth  on  the  floor  near 
the  nest,  while  the  seventh  she  dropped  near  the  window  sill. 
By  this  time  her  indignation  had  cooled  sufficiently  to  permit 
thoughtful  consideration,  and  for  fifteen  minutes  she  thrust 
her  head  in  and  out  of  the  cell  anxiously  examining  the  con- 
tents, and  finally  flew  away.  I  used  this  chance  to  examine 
the  cell,  and  found  that  it  was  half  packed  with  her  own 
spiders. 

Strange,  strange  creature !  Since  you  commenced  to  remove 
the  spiders,  why  did  you  not  empty  the  cell?  Could  you 
distinguish  your  own  victims  from  the  intruders,  and  if  so, 
why  did  you  remove  three  of  your  own?  Why,  pray,  did 
you  not  want  the  spiders  which  your  sister  had  stung?  They 
could  not  have  differed  much  from  your  own,  for  if  there  had 
been  a  perceptible  difference  you  would  have  stopped  short 
with  the  fourth  spider,  and  would  not  have  carried  off  three 
of  your  own.  Why  did  you  spend  a  quarter  of  an  hour  in 
examining  the  contents  of  the  cell  after  you  removed  the 
seventh  spider,  as  if  you  were  undecided  whether  you  should 
leave  the  remainder? 

It  may  be  that  'in  placing  the  four  foreign  spiders  in  the 
cell,  the  position  of  three  of  her  own  was  disturbed  in  such  a 
way  that  she,  in  all  her  wisdom,  could  not  recognize  them 
as  her  own.  In  examining  the  remaining  spiders,  1  purposely 
disarranged  them  in  the  cell  to  see  whether  this  would  excite 
the  same  behavior.  The  returning  mother  was  evidently 
much  confused,  for  she  spent  two  minutes  by  the  watch,  in 
packing  them  close  together  again  and  examining  the  cell  very 


394  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov., '13 

minutely.  Then  she  stood  stock  still  at  the  entrance  of  the 
cell  for  nearly  a  minute  before  she  would  again  enter  it ;  then 
after  examining  the  interior  and  the  opening  for  five  minutes 
more  she  flew  away. 

Since  this  mother  Pelopoens  was  so  keen  in  recognizing 
spiders  not  of  her  own  capture,  an  effort  was  made  to  de- 
termine whether  she  would  recognize  and  remove  an  intruding 
larva  of  her  own  species  if  it  were  placed  in  her  cell.  Forth- 
with a  five-day-old  larva  from  another  nest  was  placed  in  the 
cell,  very  near  to  the  entrance.  Now  the  wasps  of  this  species 
never  see  any  more  than  the  egg  of  their  young,  since  the 
egg  does  not  hatch  until  after  the  nest  is  sealed.  There  is  a 
vast  difference  between  the  egg  of  this  wasp  and  a  five-day 
larva, — such  a  difference  that  one  would  expect  it  to  be  taken 
for  an  enemy  and  removed  at  once. 

The  wasp  returned,  deposited  the  spider  which  she  carried 
and  flew  away  in  the  usual  manner,  paying  no  attention  to  the 
larva,  even  though  she  had  to  walk  over  it  to  deposit  her 
load. 

Shades  of  Moses !  Good,  healthy  spiders  that  would  have 
served  as  food  for  her  young  she  removed  just  because  she 
had  no  voice  in  the  matter  of  their  selection,  and  now  she 
goes  on  supplying  food  for  another  mother's  child,  while  her 
own  will  inevitably  be  starved,  if  not  devoured,  by  this  im- 
postor ! 

I  left  the  nest  at  5  o'clock,  and  at  6  the  next  morning  found 
that  this  cell  had  been  sealed.  I  opened  it  and  found  that  it 
contained  14  spiders.  To  the  abdomen  of  one  of  these  ad- 
hered her  own  larva,  now  5  mm.  in  length.  In  addition  to 
these,  there  was  the  large  larva  which  we  had  placed  there 
the  day  before,  now  almost  a  half  inch  in  length  and  very 
fat.  The  wasp  had  the  fourth  cell  half  done  when  this,  the 
third,  was  broken  into  during  her  absence,  but  she  made  no 
attempt  to  repair  the  broken  cell.  It  seems  that  after  a  cell 
has  once  been  sealed  the  interest  therein  is  lost. 

We  remember  the  attitude  of  this  insect  toward  the  spiders 
taken  from  another  wasp's  nest  and  placed  in  her  own.  Now 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  395 

we  shall  see  the  behavior  of  this  very  same  wasp  toward 
spiders  removed  from  one  of  her  own  cells  which  had  been 
sealed  and  placed  in  the  cell  now  in  the  making.  In  the  first 
experiment  the  borrowed  spiders  had  been  captured  and  handled 
by  some  other  wasp.  In  this  case  they  were  taken  by  this  very 
individual  the  day  before  and  placed  in  a  cell  of  the  same 
nest.  Will  she  carry  these  out  as  she  did  the  others,  or  will 
she  recognize  them  as  her  own  brand? 

The  wasp  returned,  examined  the  inside  and  outside  of  the 
cell  and  nest  for  a  half  minute  and  then  flew  away,  returning 
very  soon  with  a  spider  which  she  tucked  into  the  cell  with 
the  others  without  removing  any  of  them,  and  with  her  head 
crowded  and  packed  them  into  a  compact  mass.  Soon  it  came 
with  another  spider,  and  while  struggling  to  push  it  in  it  ex- 
amined the  entire  nest  carefully. 

Since  she  did  not  remove  her  own  spiders  borrowed  from 
yesterday's  gathering,  another  attempt  was  made  on  this  wasp 
to  introduce  spiders  from  another's  nest.  I  removed  the  last 
one  which  she  had  brought  in  and  substituted  three  others. 
This  cell  was  now  full  to  overflowing,  twelve  spiders  from 
another  cell  of  her  own  nest,  three  which  she  had  captured 
for  this  particular  cell,  and  three  foreigners.  She  returned 
with  another  which  she  tried  to  cram  in,  but  it  fell  to  the  floor. 
She  then  condensed  the  overflow  by  pounding  and  pushing 
them  in  with  her  head  for  exactly  three  minutes.  She  then 
soared  out  of  the  window  and  returned  almost  immediately 
with  a  pellet  of  mud  which  she  spread  over  the  entrance  of  the 
cell,  and  then  another  and  another.  If  the  insects  are  mere 
automata,  as  some  writers  would  have  us  believe,  why  did 
not  this  one  continue  to  bring  in  the  spiders  and  try  to  crowd 
them  into  the  cell  until  the  usual  quantity  was  reached?  On 
the  contrary,  finding  her  cell  full,  she  immediately  packed 
it  well  and  sealed  it. 

The  item  of  interest  is  that  the  first  time  she  removed  the 
foreigners;  then  she  left  undisturbed  the  spiders  of  her 
own  stinging,  but  from  another  cell ;  but  on  the  third  intrusion, 
when  impostors  were  again  introduced,  she  left  them  too  un- 


396  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov., '13 

disturbed,  but  whether  from  ignorance  or  wise  tolerance  we 
do  not  know. 

This  cell  also  was  opened  to  see  if  an  egg  had  been  de- 
posited; it  was  discovered  just  as  the  mother  wasp  was  com- 
ing with  a  load  of  mud.  She  was  not  observed  that  evening, 
but  the  next  morning  I  expected  to  find  the  damaged  cell  re- 
paired, but  instead  I  found  a  new  cell  one-third  completed, 
and  no  attention  had  been  paid  to  the  broken  cell. 

A  Sleepy  Eumenid. 

A  mud  dauber's  nest  having  several  open  cells,  gave  forth 
two  wasps  of  the  family  Eumenidae*  between  2  and  5  P.  M. 
on  May  31.  Both  of  them  occasionally  took  sweetened  water 
from  a  wet  cloth.  At  night,  each  crept  into  an  empty  cell 
of  the  nest,  probably  the  one  from  which  it  had  emerged.  Up 
to  10  o'clock  the  next  morning  neither  came  out;  a  half  hour 
later  one  was  busily  flying  about  the  cage,  and  at  1 1  the  other 
was  doing  the  same.  The  remainder  of  the  day  they  spent 
thus,  and  at  5  o'clock  one  of  them  retired  into  one  of  the  two 
cells  already  mentioned,  with  its  legs  slightly  protruding.  Un- 
fortunately, at  6.30  P.  M.  the  second  wasp  escaped  through  an 
open  window  when  the  cage  was  lifted. 

The  interesting  behavior  of  the  remaining  wasp  was  ob- 
served from  day  to  day  until  its  death  on  June  10.  On  June 
2  it  remained  in  the  cell  until  noon,  then  came  out  and  flew 
about  until  2  P.  M.  and  crept  back  into  the  nest  again,  always 
occupying  the  same  cell.  After  three  more  days  of  this  con- 
duct, while  the  insect  was  out  of  the  cell  I  placed  a  large  drop 
of  red  jelly  at  the  entrance.  This  must  have  confused  the 
wasp,  for  it  remained  out  all  night,  and  the  next  day  and  night 
as  well,  and  it  was  not  until  4  P.  M.  of  the  third  day  that  it 
retired  into  another  empty  cell  (No.  2)  at  the  far  end  of  the 
nest.  While  I  was  examining  the  nest  immediately  after  this, 
the  wasp  reappeared;  at  4.30  the  cage  was  made  completely 
dark  by  placing  a  large  box  over  it ;  when  this  was  removed 
after  twenty-five  minutes  the  insect  had  retired  into  an  untried 

*  Identified  by  Mr.  S.  A.  Rohwer,  through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  L.  O. 
Howard,  as  Ancistrocerus  unifasciatus  Sauss. 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  397 

empty  cell  (No.  3),  but  it  emerged  again  very  soon  after  the 
cage  became  light.  This  experiment  was  repeated  from  6  tn 
6.30,  but  the  wasp  could  not  be  fooled  into  going  to  bed  the 
second  time. 

The  insect  continued  to  use  this  cell  (No.  3)  for  its  retreat 
until  5  P.  M.,  June  7.  The  next  morning  at  8,  it  was  occupy- 
ing cell  No.  i,  having  migrated  from  No.  3  during  the  night: 
at  1.30  P.  M.  it  was  occupying  No.  2.  June  9  until  noon  it 
again  occupied  No.  i.  It  flew  about  all  the  afternoon  and 
probably  all  night  for  the  next  morning  it  was  still  active.  At 
10  o'clock  the  insect  and  cage  were  placed  in  intense  sunlight. 
By  n  the  wasp  cowered  in  the  only  shade  that  the  cage  af- 
forded, that  made  by  a  small  string  tag  bearing  the  cage  num- 
ber. This  ticket  was  then  removed  to  compel  the  insect  to  re- 
main in  the  bright  sunlight.  It  moved  about  slowly,  however, 
and  in  forty  minutes  I  found,  to  my  surprise,  that  it  was  dead. 

In  keeping  Pclopoeus  caementarium  of  both  sexes  in  con- 
finement I  have  never  observed  them  to  enter  their  old  cells, 
much  less  to  remain  there  for  hours. 

A  Wasp  and  her  Nest. 

A  Pclopoeus  (Sceliphron  (Pclopoeus)  caementarium}  was 
discovered  making  her  nest  in  an  open  soap  box  which  stood 
on  end  partly  facing  an  open  window  about  three  feet  distant. 
Through  this  window  the  wasp  made  her  entrance  and  exits. 
A  roll  of  carpet  on  the  floor  extended  into  the  box,  barely 
touching  the  bottom,  which  now  served  as  the  back  wall.  On 
this  wall  just  beneath  the  carpet  was  hidden  the  nest  in  course 
of  construction,  which  now  had  two  cells.  The  nest  was  first 
found  by  following  the  wasp.  While  the  little  builder  was 
gone  I  pulled  the  carpet  out  about  six  inches.  The  carpet  wa> 
undoubtedly  associated  in  the  wasp's  mind  with  the  location  of 
the  nest,  for  when  she  returned  she  was  in  an  extremely  con- 
fused state  for  about  twenty-five  minutes ;  much  of  this  time 
she  spent  in  examining  the  rug.  It  was  necessary  for  me  to 
leave  without  knowing  whether  she  found  the  nest,  but  upon 
examining  it  two  days  later  I  found  a  third  cell  completed  and 
the  mother  filling  it  with  spiders. 


39§  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

I  then  removed  the  rug  to  a  distance  of  two  feet ;  when  the 
wasp  returned  she  flew  through  the  window,  alighting  on  the 
floor  and  then  she  walked  directly  into  the  box  in  a  straight 
line  and  then  up  the  back  wall  to  the  nest.  In  leaving,  this  in- 
sect would  never  fly  directly  off  the  nest  and  out  the  window, 
but  would  walk  down  the  back  of  the  box  to  the  floor  and  then 
along  the  floor  to  the  window. 

I  then  laid  a  blue-covered  book  directly  on  the  wasp's  path 
in  the  box.  The  insect,  entering  in  the  usual  way,  walked 
around  the  edges  of  the  book,  hesitated  for  a  few  seconds  at 
the  farthest  corner  and  then  climbed  up  the  wall  directly  to 
the  nest. 

After  she  had  again  left  we  placed  a  large  ball  of  colored 
yarn  on  the  floor  of  the  box,  completely  hiding  the  nest  from 
view.  The  returning  wasp  paid  no  attention  to  this,  but  walk- 
ed past  and  went  into  the  nest.  Perhaps  she  was  becoming 
accustomed  to  being  annoyed.  This  ball  was  removed  after 
her  departure,  and  the  roll  of  carpet  was  placed  midway  be- 
tween the  window  and  the  box  directly  over  the  insect's  path, 
so  that  when  she  should  return  she  must  either  walk  around 
the  roll  or  fly  over  it.  The  wasp  entered  and  alighted  on  the 
floor  near  the  window  in  the  usual  way,  and  then  flew  over  the 
carpet  and  into  the  box  containing  the  nest  and  up  the  wall  as 
usual.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  previously  the  wasp  had 
flown  in  from  the  window  to  the  floor  and  walked  the  dis- 
tance to  the  box ;  after  the  roll  of  carpet  was  placed  upon  its 
path  it  flew,  entered  as  usual,  and  then  made  another  flight 
to  get  over  the  carpet  instead  of  walking  over  it. 

After  the  wasp  left,  a  brightly  colored  pillow  was  so  placed 
in  the  box  as  to  entirely  hide  the  nest  from  view  but  not  deny 
access  to  it.  The  returning  insect  was  confused  and  made  ten 
flights  around  the  front  and  sides  of  the  object,  but  when  mak- 
ing these  side  trips  it  would  invariably  come  to  the  front  again, 
when  by  remaining  at  the  sides  it  was  nearer  home,  about 
twelve  inches  distant.  The  eleventh  and  longest  flight  brought 
the  excited  insect  into  its  usual  path  on  the  walls  of  the  box;, 
then  it  had  no  trouble  in  going  direct  to  the  nest. 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


309 


The  insect,  upon  its  next  entrance  required  eight  flights 
around  this  obstruction  before  it  could  find  the  back  wall  of 
the  box,  but  after  this  was  located,  the  nest  was  soon  found. 

After  the  wasp  left  again,  everything  to  confuse  it  was  re- 
moved and  on  its  return  it  flew  to  the  floor  and  walked  to  the 
nest  in  the  old  way. 

Figure  i  shows  the  exact  position  of  the  nest  in  the  box,  just 
three  inches  from  the  floor.  The  box  offered  a  convenient 
opportunity  for  attempting  to  confuse  the  builder  by  turning 


LEFT 


TOP 
BA.CK.    WALL 

BOTTOM 


RIGHT 


LEFT 


RIGHT 


BOTTOM 


LEFT 


TOP 


3. 


TOP 


the  nest  about.  The  box  was  therefore  shifted  about  on  the 
original  spot  so  as  to  bring  the  nest  into  several  different  posi- 
tions. 

The  box  was  first  turned  so  that  the  right  side  became  the 
bottom ;  this  brought  the  nest  into  the  position  indicated  in 
Figure  2.  Originally  the  openings  of  the  cells  had  pointed 
downward ;  this  change  brought  the  openings  to  face  upward, 
and  the  nest  which  before  had  been  on  the  right  side  of  the 
box  was  now  on  the  left. 

Presently  the  wasp  returned,  walking  up  one  side  of  the  box 


4OO  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov., '13 

in  the  usual  way,  but  soon  perceiving  that  something  was 
wrong,  she  flew  around  nervously  in  the  box,  then  ran  around 
on  the  bottom  for  a  few  seconds,  and  finally  flew  up  to  the 
nest,  but  she  did  not  remain  long  there  but  flew  in  and  out  the 
box  many  times,  each  time  alighting  on  the  nest,  always  ex- 
amining its  bottom  (in  its  former  position  the  openings  were 
at  the  bottom ;  now  they  were  at  the  top).  It  seemed  that  she 
could  not  conceive  of  how  the  bottom  had  become  sealed  dur- 
ing her  absence.  This  examination  of  the  bottom  she  repeated 
eleven  times.  Then  once  more  she  flew  to  the  nest  and  the 
hum  which  means  work  could  be  heard.  She  had  at  last  found 
the  opening  of  the  unfinished  cell  and  was  now  disposing  of 
the  pellet  which  she  had  carried  during  all  this  confusion. 
Upon  leaving  the  nest  this  time  the  insect  made  a  flight  of 
orientation ;  on  returning  it  flew  in  from  the  window  to  the 
floor,  walked  direct  to  the  box,  and  then  in  uncertain  lines  to 
the  nest,  disposed  of  its  pellet  and  this  time  left  without  a  flight 
of  orientation. 

Again  I  moved  the  box  to  a  position  at  right  angles  to  the 
rays  of  light,  instead  of  diagonal  as  heretofore,  and  so  that  the 
part  marked  bottom  in  Figure  I  was  now  the  top.  This  made 
the  position  of  the  nest  as  shown  in  Figure  3.  The  insect  re- 
turned, but  this  time  it  flew  from  the  floor  into  the  box  in  its 
new  position,  making  three  circles,  each  one  smaller  than  the 
last,  and  then  walked  straight  to  the  nest.  Here  she  exhibited 
much  confusion  seeking  for  the  spot  on  the  unfinished  cell 
where  the  pellet  which  she  carried  ought  to  be  placed.  Soon 
she  left  the  nest  in  apparent  anxiety  or  disgust  and  for  fully 
two  minutes  she  walked  hither  and  thither  about  the  box  and 
then  soared  straight  out  the  window.  It  was  observed  that 
when  she  departed  she  did  not  carry  out  the  mud  pellet,  and 
an  examination  of  the  cell  revealed  a  new  layer  of  mud.  I  had 
not  been  keen  enough  to  catch  her  at  her  nimble  work.  Aftei 
one-half  minute  she  returned  with  another  pellet,  this  time 
making  a  bee  line  from  the  window  to  the  nest  as  though  she 
were  fully  accustomed  to  coming  to  the  nest  in  this  position. 
The  next  morning  I  found  this  cell  completed  but  not  sealed. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  4OI 

Figure  4  is  the  position  of  the  cell  when  commenced,  with  the 
opening  toward  the  light ;  Figure  5  gives  the  position  in  which 
it  was  finished,  with  the  opening  away  from  the  direct  source 
of  light. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  while  the  cell  was  begun  on  a 
downward  slope,  it  was  finished  on  an  upward  slope. 

At  4  P.  M.  I  found  the  mother  filling  this  with  spiders.  I 
pulled  the  last  spider  out  of  the  cell  and  deposited  it  just  at  the 
opening.  The  returning  wasp  entered  at  the  window  and  af- 
ter making  a  few  circles  it  flew  into  the  box  and  directly  to 
the  nest  where  with  its  head  it  pushed  the  protruding  spider 
into  the  cell  and  deposited  another,  but  it  seemed  just  a  little 
confused.  Upon  returning  later  in  the  afternoon  I  found  that 
she  had  completed  the  cell  and  sealed  it  securely.  I  knew  that 
if  she  should  return  now  it  would  be  for  the  purpose  of  add- 
ing other  cells.  To  test  her  ability  to  repair  any  damage  done 
to  the  cell  I  removed  the  soft  covering  which  sealed  it.  It  was 
now  5  P.  M.  and  I  left,  but  the  next  day  I  found  that  the 
damaged  spot  had  been  repaired  and  the  fifth  cell  begun.  Per- 
haps the  wasp  returned  to  add  another  cell  to  the  nest  and  ac- 
cidentally covered  the  opening  without  knowing  that  vandalism 
had  been  committed.  Perhaps  she  realized  that  mischief  had 
been  done,  for  while  I  waited  all  day  she  never  returned,  and 
although  I  watched  this  nest  from  day  to  day  for  a  week  I 
found  no  evidence  of  new  work,  so  I  fully  suspect  that  she  had 
no  desire  to  be  crossed  in  her  work. 

Hungry  Larvae. 

A  larva  of  Trypox\lon  albitarse  had  completely  exhausted 
the  supply  of  spiders  which  had  been  provided  for  it,  but  had 
not  yet  made  its  cocoon.  This  gave  an  opportunity  to  see  if  a 
larva  would  eat  more  than  the  usual  amount  of  food  provided 
for  it. 

A  large  spider  was  removed  from  another  nest  and  placed 
with  this  larva.  Within  six  hours  this  had  been  devoured. 
Then  two  other  large  spiders  were  placed  in  the  cell,  and  when 
an  examination  was  made  two  days  later  it  was  found  that  the 


402  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov., '13 

larva  had  devoured  one  whole  spider  and  half  of  the  other  and 
was  now  enclosed  in  its  cocoon. 

This  simple  experiment  shows  that  this  larva  reached  the 
limit  of  its  capacity  at  two  and-one-half  additional  spiders. 
This  overfeeding  was  not  injurious  to  the  insect,  because  later 
it  transformed  into  a  normal  adult. 

The  same  experiment  was  carried  on  with  another  individ- 
ual of  the  same  species,  which  had  eaten  all  of  its  food.  At  9 
P.  M.  on  August  6,  an  additional  large  spider  was  introduced 
and  commenced  upon  immediately,  and  by  7  the  next  morning 
it  had  entirely  disappeared.  A  second  large  spider  was  eaten 
during  the  day  and  a  third  one  was  promptly  pounced  upon 
when  it  was  introduced  into  the  cell.  The  next  day  I  found 
the  larva  had  spun  its  cocoon,  three-fourths  of  the  last  spider 
remaining.  So  this  one  was  also  able  to  increase  its  capacity 
to  hold  two  and  one-fourth  spiders  more  than  its  original  sup- 
ply. It  also  eventually  emerged  as  a  normal  adult. 

David  Sharp  quotes  Peckholt,  who  says,  in  speaking  of  this 
species*:  ".  .  .  however  great  may  be  the  number  of 
insects  placed  by  the  mother  wasp  in  the  cell,  they  are  all  con- 
sumed by  the  larva,  none  ever  being  found  in  the  cells  after 
the  perfect  insects  escape  therefrom." 

That  the  larvae  are  greedy  is  substantiated  by  our  observa- 
tions, but  our  experiments  demonstrate  that  there  is  a  limit  to 
their  capacity,  since  both  larvae  pupated  despite  the  fact  that 
they  could  have  gone  on  eating  as  long  as  I  supplied  the  spi- 
ders. 

Wasps  Which  Resented  Intruders. 

An  Eumenidf  nest  (one  cell)  contained  five  small  cater- 
pillars. During  the  absence  of  the  mother  wasp,  three  spiders 
were  taken  from  a  Pelopoeus  nest  and  placed  in  this  cell.  After 
two  hours  the  wasp  returned — two  hours  in  search  of  a  small 
green  caterpillar.  After  hovering  about  the  nest  for  a  minute 
and  a  half  she  entered,  but  came  out  almost  immediately, 
carrying  one  of  the  spiders  and  flew  with  it  out  of  the  window. 

*  Cambridge  Nat.  Hist.,  Insects,  Pt.  2,  p.  119. 
f  Probably  same  species  as  recorded  on  p.  396. 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  403 

How  far  she  carried  it  is  not  known,  but  she  was  gone  for  five 
minutes.  The  second  spider,  which  was  larger,  must  have 
caused  more  trouble,  for  the  rear  end  of  the  wasp  protruded 
from  the  cell  as  she  tugged  away  at  it,  occasionally  coming 
out  entirely,  but  soon  going  back  to  again  grapple  with  the 
impostor.  After  five-and-a-half  minutes  she  succeeded  in 
carrying  it  out  of  the  nest,  but  did  not  fly  out  of  the  window 
with  it  this  time,  but  dropped  it  to  the  floor  very  near  to  the 
nest.  The  wasp  then  went  to  work  on  the  third  spider,  this 
one  larger  than  either  of  the  other  two.  After  five  minutes 
she  succeeded  in  bringing  it  just  to  the  entrance  of  the  cell 
where,  with  only  the  least  bit  of  effort  it  would  have  dropped 
to  the  floor,  but  instead  of  expending  this  last  bit  of  energy 
the  wasp  flew  away,  straight  out  of  the  window.  She  did 
not  return  in  an  hour,  but  the  next  morning  the  spider  was 
gone. 

During  the  absence  of  the  Pelopoeus,  one-fourth  of  a  match 
was  broken  off  and  placed  in  the  open  cell,  partly  protruding. 
The  returning  wasp  buzzed  nervously  about  for  three  minutes, 
examining  the  surrounding  wall  and  cracks.  One  would  al- 
most suspect  that  she  was  deliberately  seeking  a  location  for 
a  new  nest,  when  suddenly  she  turned  back  to  the  cell,  pulled 
the  stick  out  with  her  jaws  and  dropped  it  to  the  floor.  She 
evidently  hesitated  about  entering,  however,  for  she  skeptically 
thrust  her  head  into  the  cell  several  times  and  then  left.  Dur- 
ing her  absence  a  whole  match  was  placed  in  the  cell  with  more 
than  half  of  its  length  protruding.  After  three  minutes  the 
wasp  returned,  flew  wildly  in  all  directions  and  circles  about 
the  room  and  dashed  out  the  window,  never  to  return. 

Position  of  the  Nests  in  Relation  to  the  Light. 
Whether  wasps  build  their  nests  in  any  particular  direction 
with  relation  to  the  source  of  light  is  difficult  to  discover, 
since  the  places  which  commonly  harbor  these  nests  usually 
have  many  sources  of  light.  Rut  we  were  fortunate  in  dis- 
covering eleven  mud  nests  in  an  old  corn  crib  which  was  lighted 
by  only  two  small  windows  in  the  north  wall. 


404  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

The  positions  of  the  nests  relative  to  the  light  were  as  fol- 
lows: 
4  nests  (7,  2,  2  and  I  cells)  facing  north,  toward  light. 

2  nests,  (i  cell)  facing  south,  away  from  light. 

3  nests,  (2,  2,  I  cells)  facing  west,  partly  away  from  light. 
2  nests,  (5  and  2  cells)   facing  east,  partly  toward  light. 

There  were,  then,  six  nests  made  facing  the  light  and  five 
with  the  openings  away  from  the  light. 

In  another  room  some  15  wasps  were  building  behind  the 
loose  paper  on  the  wall,  almost,  if  not  entirely,  in  complete 
darkness. 


The  Neotropical  Tipulidae  in  the  Hungarian 
National  Museum  (Diptera). — I. 

By  CHARLES  P.  ALEXANDER,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.* 

(Plate  XIV.) 

Through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Coloman  Kertesz,  I  have  been 
able  to  examine  and  study  the  South  and  Central  American 
crane  flies  in  the  collection  of  the  Hungarian  National  Mu- 
seum at  Budapest.  This  collection  of  Tipulidae,  although  not 
containing  an  unusual  number  of  specimens,  included  a  con- 
siderable number  of  interesting  species  which  will  be  discussed 
in  this  and  succeeding  papers. 

Subfamily  LIMNOBINAE. 
Tribe  i — LIMNOBINI. 

Genus    Dicranomyia    Stephens. 
1829.    Dicranomyia  Stephens ;  Catal.  Brit.  Ins. ;  vol.  2,  p.  243. 

Dicranomyia    subdola,    sp<.    n.    (PI.    XIV,    Fig.    1). 

Wings  hyaline,  veins  of  the  wing  margined  with  brown ;  tips  of  the 
femora  yellow;  abdomen  annulated  brown  and  yellow. 

Femalcj — Length,  7.8  mm. ;  wing,  10.6  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  dark  brown ;  antennae  greyish  brown,  the  flagellar 
segments  much  darker,  brown ;  front,  vertex  and  occiput  greyish  brown 
with  numerous  black  hairs. 

Pronotum  brownish  yellow,  dark  brown  medially.    Mesonotal  pnescu- 

*Contribution  from  the  Entomological  Laboratory,  Cornell  Univer- 
sity. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  405 

turn  yellowish  brown,  a  broad  dark  brown  median  stripe  extending  the 
length  of  the  sclerite;  scutum  with  the  lobes  brown,  median  space 
brighter,  more  yellowish;  scutellum  brown  broadly  margined  with 
yellowish;  postnotum  dark  brown.  Pleurae  broadly  dark  brown  be- 
coming much  lighter  colored  on  the  sternum.  Halteres  rather  long, 
base  of  the  stem  pale,  darkening  into  brown. 

Legs,  coxa?  and  trochanters  light  yellow,  femora  yellowish  brown 
darkening  toward  the  tip,  the  apex  broadly  yellow,  tibia?  and  tarsi 
brown. 

Wings  subhyaline,  a  brown  quadrangular  stigma,  narrow  brown 
seams  along  the  cord,  at  the  tip  of  Sc  and  along  Rs,  on  the  outer  de- 
flection of  cell  ist  M2  and  less  distinctly  along  most  of  the  longitudinal 
veins.  Venation,  (see  plate  XIV,  fig.  i)  5V  i  ending  beyond  the  origin  of 
Rs,  Sc2  also  beyond  Rs,  its  length  about  equal  to  5Vi,  basal  deflection 
of  Cm  about  at  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdomen,  tergites  with  the  basal  half  of  each  segment  dark  brown, 
the  apical  half  abruptly  yellow;  sternites  similar  beyond  the  first  seg- 
ment. 

Holotype,  9  ,  Callanga,  Peru,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
-Museum. 

Closely  related  to  andicola  Alexander,  of  Bolivia  (Can. 
Ent.;  vol.  44,  pp.  362,  363  ;  pi.  ir,  fig.  h),  differing  in  the  lack 
of  lateral  prascutal  stripes,  much  more  extensive  brown  pat- 
tern on  the  wings,  position  of  Sc2,  etc. 

Dicranomyia  tricincta,  sp.  n. 

Wings  with  a  reticulated  pattern,  a  supernumerary  cross  vein  in 
cell  R$ ;  femora  with  three  subequal,  equidistant  brown  rings. 

Male. — Length,  about  7-7.5  mm.;  wing,  10.3  mm.  Hind  leg,  femur, 
8.8  mm. ;  tibia,  g  mm. ;  tarsus,  5.7  mm. 

Closely  related  to  D.  muscosa  Efld.1  of  Ecuador,  differing  as  follows : 
Head  rich  brown  without  a  yellowish  tinge ;  legs  with  the  femora  light 
yellow  with  three  broad  equidistant  brown  bands,  the  first  premedian, 
the  second  postmedian,  the  last  subapical,  these  annulations  occurring 
en  all  the  legs,  tibia?  a  little  darker  at  the  tip,  two  terminal  tarsal  seg- 
ments brownish.  In  imtscosa,  the  legs  arc  bright  greenish  yellow,  the 
apical  third  of  the  femora  yellowish,  before  the  tip  with  a  broad  pale 
y.rcy  ring,  tibia;  and  tarsi  bright  brownish  yellow.  With  umscosa  it 
agrees  in  its  irregularly  reticulated  wing  pattern,  presence  of  a  super- 
numerary cross  vein  in  cell  R^,  green  cast  to  the  body,  etc. 

Holotype,  $  ,  Callanga,  Peru,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

(i)   Enderlein,  Zool.  Jahrbucb.,  vol.  32,  pt.  I,  pp.  75,  76,  fig.  W1;  1912. 


406  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov., '13 

Genus   Rhipidia   Meigen. 
1818.    Rhipidia  Meigen,  System.  Beschr.,  vol.  i,  p.  153. 

Rhipidia  domestica  angustifrons  Alexander  (1912). 
Alexander,  Bull.  Brook.  Ent.  Soc.,  vol.  8,  pp.  16,  17;  pi.  i,  fig.   2. 

One    2    from  Callanga,  Peru. 

Rhipidia,  sp. 

One  2  from  San  Bernardino,  Paraguay.  Fiebrig,  1908.  It 
is  allied  to  domestica  but  the  antennae  are  entirely  lacking  and 
closer  identification  is  impossible. 

Rhipidia,  sp. 

One   2   from  Asuncion,  Paraguay.    Vezenyi,  1904. 

Genus  Geranomyia  Haliday. 
1833.     Geranomyia  Haliday;  Entomol.  Magaz.,  vol.  i,  p.  154. 

Geranomyia  valida  Loew.    (PI.   XIV,   Fig.  2). 

1851.    Aporosa  valida  Loew.;  Linnaea  Entomologica,  vol.  5,  p.  398. 

One   2  ,  Concepcion,  Chile,  1903 ;  P.  Herbst,  coll. 

A  few  additional  details  to  Loew's  characterization  mav  be 

•* . 

given.  Proboscis  split  at  tip,  each  lip  recurved,  the  palpi  very 
short  and  stout.  Legs  stout,  coxae,  trochanters  and  femora  yel- 
lowish, not  darkened ;  tibiae  yellowish  brown ;  tarsi,  segments 
1-3,  brownish  yellow,  narrowly  brownish  at  the  tip  of  each, 
segments  4  and  5,  brown.  Wing  venation  (see  plate  XIV,  fig. 
2}.  Length,  about  6.5  mm. ;  wing,  9.6  mm. ;  rostrum,  2.2  mm. 

Geranomyia  numenius,  sp.  n.   (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  3). 

Rostrum  long,  thorax  reddish  brown,  the  prsescutum  with  three  pale 
vittse  and  a  dark  brown  median  stripe ;  femora  with  a  dark  subapical 
ring;  wings  spotted,  Sc  long. 

Female. — Length  (excluding  rostrum),  9.3  mm.;  wing,  9.2  mm.;  pro- 
boscis, 6.2  mm. 

Proboscis  dark  brownish  black;  antennae  almost  black,  the  flagellar 
segments  elongate-cylindrical ;  front,  vertex  and  occiput  grey. 

Pronotum  light  grey  with  a  broad  dark  brown  median  vitta. 
'Mesonotal  prsescutum  rich  reddish  brown  divided  by  three  pale  longi- 
tudinal whitish  grey  stripes,  the  median  one  broad  and  bisected  by  a 
narrow  dark  brown  line  which  begins  just  behind  the  front  margin  of 
the  sclerite  and  runs  to  the  suture,  the  pale  lateral  vittte  narrow,  en- 
larged at  their  anterior  end  before  the  pseudosutural  fovea  and  run  to 
the  suture;  scutum,  scutellum  and  postnotum  rich  reddish  brown,  the 
latter  with  a  paler  median  line.  Pleurae  pale  testaceous  brown,  darker 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  407 

on  the  mesopleune,  more  greyish  behind.  Ilalteres,  stem  pale,  knob 
brown. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  dull  yellow,  femora  light  brownish  yel- 
low with  a  rather  broad  subapical  ring,  tibiae  light  brown,  the  tip  a 
little  darker ;  tarsi  brown. 

Wings  slightly  infuscated  with  four  brown  marks  along  the  costal 
region,  the  second  at  the  origin  of  Rs.  the  third  at  the  tip  of  Sc,  the 
fourth  at  the  stigma ;  pale  greyish  seams  along  the  cord  and  along  the 
outer  end  of  cell  ist  M2.  Venation  (see  plate  XJV,  fig.  3)  ;  Sc  long,  end- 
ing opposite  or  beyond  the  middle  of  Rs;  Sc2  equal  to  Sci ;  Rs  rather 
long,  strongly  arcuated  at  its  origin.  There  is  a  supernumerary  cross 
vein  in  cell  Sc  between  the  base  of  the  wing  and  the  origin  of  the  sec- 
tor, such  a  condition  being  rather  frequent  in  this  genus. 

Abdominal  tergites  dark  brown,  stermites  much  paler,  yellowish. 

Holotype,    2  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 

Paratype,    2  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 

Types  in  the  Hungarian  National  Museum. 

The  paratype  lacks  the  blackish  median  prsescutal  vitta. 

G.  nwmenius  is  allied  to  insignis  Loew  (i),  but  the  antennal 
flagellum  is  black,  not  brown ;  thorax  without  three  clear 
opaque  brownish  black  stripes,  etc. 

Geranomyia  cinereinota,  sp.  n.  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  4). 

Rostrum  short ;  thoracic  notum  grey  with  a  well  defined  blackish 
median  stripe;  femora  uniform  in  color,  wings  subhyaline. 

Male,  length  (excluding  rostrum),  5.1  mm.;  wing,  6.8  mm.;  rostrum, 
1.8  mm.  Female,  length  (excluding  rostrum),  5.2  mm.;  wing,  7  mm. 

Male. — Proboscis  short,  scarcely  extending  beyond  the  wing  basis, 
dark  brownish ;  antennae  dark  brown ;  head  grey  densely  clothed  with 
long,  black  hairs. 

Cervical  sclerites  blackish  with  a  little  greyish  bloom.  Mesonotal 
pr.vscutum  grey  with  a  broad  brownish  black  median  stripe,  the  sides 
of  the  sclerite  darkened,  almost  black,  the  ground  color  brightest  in 
front  on  either  side  of  the  median  vitta,  more  suffused  with  brownish 
behind;  scutum,  scutellum  and  postnotum  light  grey.  Pleurae  grey 
suffused  with  darker.  Halteres  short,  yellowish,  the  knob  brown. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  yellowish,  femora  dull  yellow,  tibia?  light 
brown,  tarsi  brown. 

Wings  subhyaline,  iridescent,  veins  C,  Sc  and  R  more  yellowish,  re- 
maining veins  brown.  Venation  (see  Plate  XIV,  fig.  4). 

Abdominal    tergites    dark    brown,    sternites    dull    yellowish. 

In  the  female  the  rostrum  is  even  shorter,  scarcely  exceeding  the 
antennae  in  length. 

I.    Loew,  H. — Linnaea  Entomologica,  vol.  5,  p.  395,   (1851). 


40<S  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov., '13 

Holotype,    $  ,  Coroico,  Bolivia. 

Allotype,   $  ,  with  the  type. 

Paratypes,  40  S  $  ,  Bartica,  Brit.  Guiana  (H.  S.  Parish, 
coil.). 

Types  in  the  Hungarian  National  Museum ;  paratypes  in  au- 
thor's collection. 

G.  cinereinota  is  allied  to  divcrsa  O.  S.  of  the  Eastern  U.  S., 
hut  has  a  long  Sc.,  and  a  different  thoracic-  and  wing-pat- 
tern. 

Geranomyia  scolopax,  sp.  n. 

Rostrum  short,  barely  exceeding  the  antennse  in  length ;  thoracic  no- 
tum  greyish  brown  with  dark  brown  stripes ;  legs  uniform ;  wings  hya- 
line with  three  brown  costal  spots. 

Male. — Length,  5.3  mm. ;  wing,  7  mm. 

Proboscis  short,  scarcely  longer  than  the  antennae,  dark  brown;  an- 
tennae dark  brownish  black ;  head  grey. 

Mesothoracic  prsescutum  greyish  brown,  with  an  ill-defined,  darker 
median  stripe  and  the  lateral  margin  of  the  sclerite  dark  brown,  this 
color  being  the  continuation  of  the  dark  propleurse,  scutum  dark 
brown;  scutellum  and  postnotum  a  little  lighter.  Pleurae  light  brown 
with  a  broad  greyish  brown  band  extending  the  length  of  the  thorax 
above  the  base  of  the  halteres  and  below  the  wing  root,  becoming  con- 
fluent with  the  postnotum.  Halteres  pale,  the  knob  a  little  brown. 

Legs,  cox?e  and  trochanters  yellow,  fore  femora  dull  yellow,  tibiae 
and  tarsi  brown;  middle  and  hind  legs  brown  excepting  the  coxae  and 
trochanters  which  are  yellow. 

Wings  hyaline,  or  nearly  so,  with  a  distinct  oval,  brown  stigma,  a 
brown  cloud  at  the  fork  of  Sc  including  the  base  of  Rs.  cell  Sc  with  a 
brown  cloud  at  one-half  its  length.  Venation:  Sc  rather  short,  end- 
ing a  little  beyond  the  origin  of  Rs;  Sc2  at  the  tip  of  Sci ;  basal  deflec- 
tion of  Cm  at  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  rich  brown,  the  extreme  base  of  each  segment 
pale;  the  lateral  edge  and  an  indistinct  median  vitta  brown;  sternites 
brown. 

Holotype,  $  ,  Callanga,  Peru,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

Closest  to  cinereinota,  sp.  n.,  but  with  distinct  spots  on  the 
wing  and  with  the  median  praescutal  stripe  ill-defined. 

Genus  Peripheroptcra  Schiner. 

1866.  Peripheroptcra  Schiner;  Verh.  Zool.  bot.  ges.  Wien ;  vol.  16, 
P.  933- 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  XIV. 


10 


NEOTROPICAL    TIPU  LI  DAE    ALEXANDER. 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  4OQ 

This  remarkable  genus  of  flies  is  apparently  confined  to  the 
tropics  of  South  America.  Specimens  are  rare  in  collections 
and  the  few  that  have  been  taken  are  all  contained  in  Euro- 
pean museums.  The  peculiar  characters  of  the  genus,  for  the 
most  part  alar  and  venational,  are  thoroughly  discussed  by 
Osten  Sacken  in  the  second  part  of  his  "Studies  on  Tipulidae" 
(Eerl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.,  vol.  31,  pp.  174-177).  The  present  col- 
lection contained  specimens  of  four  species  of  which  three  are 
herein  considered  as  new. 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Peripheroptera. 

1.  Cell  1st  M.2  open;   [thorax  black  shining;  inner  end  of  cell  R$  an- 

terior to  that  of  cell  R$]    (Brazil,  Bolivia). 

incommoda  O.  S.  (i ) 
Cell  ist  M2  closed,  i.  e.,  crossvein  m  present  2 

2.  Body  color  shining  pitch  black 3 

Body  color  more  or  less  reddish  or  yellowish   4 

3.  Inner  ends  of  cells  7?3,  R$  and   i st  M2  about  in  a  straight  line ; 

femora    yellow    basally    darkening    into    brown    at    the    tip. 

(South    America)     abcrrans    Schin.      (2) 

Inner  ends  of  cells  RT,  and  ist  M.2  much  farther  proximad  than  the 
inner  end  of  cell  R$ ;  legs  black.     (Peru). 

teucholab aides  sp.  n. 

4.  Wings   conspicuously   margined  with   brown  all  around ;   a   broad 

brown  seam  along  the  cord;    [cell   ist  Al2  elongated;   inner 
ends  of  cells  R$,  R$  and  ist  M2  in  a  line.]      (Peru). 

cudorac  sp.  n. 

Wings  hyaline  or  suffused  with  yellowish  ;  no  distinct  brown  caudal 
margin  to  the  wing 5 

5.  Inner  ends  of  cells  R$,  R$  and  ist  J\l2  nearly  in  a  line.     (Brazil). 

schineri  O.  S.  (3) 

Inner  ends  of  cells  R$,  R$  and  ist  M.2  not  in  a  line,  that  of  R$  be- 
ing much  farther  distad 6 

6.  Abdomen    entirely    light    brownish    yellow;    triangular    basal    cell 

(  9  )  very  much  shorter  than  cell  R.     (Peru) .  .arcuata  sp.  n. 

Abdomen  darkened  toward  the  tip ;   triangular  basal  cell    (  $     9  ) 

almost  as  long  as  cell  R.     (Colombia)  . . .  . nitcns  Schin.   (4) 

(1)  Osten  Sacken,  Berl.  .Ent.  Zeitschr.;  vol.  31,  p.  176   (iSS;). 

(2)  Schiner,  Xovara  Reise,  Dipt,  p.  43   (1868)    (as  Rlnunphidia) . 

(3)  Osten  Sacken,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.;  vol.  31,  p.   177   (1887). 

(4)  Schiner,  Novara  Reise,  Dipt.,  p.  47,  pi.  2,  fig.  3  (1868)    (type  of 
the  genus). 


4IO  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

Peripheroptera  incommoda  Osten  Sacken   (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  5). 

One  male  from  Coroico,  Bolivia,  agrees  very  well  with  the 
original  description  of  this  species.  It  measures  3.5  mm.  in 
length  of  body  and  5.4  mm.  in  wing  length.  I  include  a  figure 
of  its  venation.  (See  Plate  XIV,  fig.  5). 

Peripheroptera  teucholaboides,   sp.   n.    (PI.   XIV,   Fig.   6). 

Head  dull  brown;  thorax  shining  black;  wings  hyaline  with  a  small 
brown  stigma. 

Male. — Length,  4.8  mm. ;  wing,  6  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  dark  brown ;  antennae  dark  brownish  black,  the 
ilagellar  segments  short,  rounded ;  front,  vertex  and  occiput  dull  red- 
dish brown. 

Thoracic  dorsum  shining  black ;  pleurae  black,  with  a  bluish  grey 
bloom  on  the  mesopleune.  Halteres  brown,  the  base  of  the  stem 
lighter. 

Legs  long  and  slender,  entirely  black. 

Wings  hyaline,  a  small  dark  brown  stigma  and  a  narrow  seam  of 
the  same  color  on  the  deflection  of  R  4  plus  5 ;  veins  brown.  Vena- 
tion (see  Plate  XIV,  fig.  6),  triangular  basal  cell  very  short  and  small; 
Sci  ends  just  before  the  origin  of  Rs;  deflection  of  R  4  pkis  5  a  little 
shorter  than  Rs  but  strongly  arcuated ;  inner  end  of  cell  ^5  farther 
distad  than  those  of  R$  and  ist  Mz;  basal  deflection  of  Cui  at  fork 
of  M.  Anal  angle  of  the  wing  feebly  indicated. 

Abdomen  shiny  black. 

Holotype,  $  ,  Callanga,  Peru,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

P.  teucholaboides  bears  a  strong  superficial  resemblance  to 
Dicranomyia  moriodcs  O.  S.  (East.  U.  S.)  and  to  certain  of 
the  tropical  forms  of  Teucholabis.  It  is  much  nearer  to  the 
normal  Limnobine  type  than  any  of  the  other  known  species 
of  the  genus  in  that  the  male  venation  and  alar  characters  are 
about  as  in  the  females  of  the  other  species,  i.  e.,  small  triangu- 
lar basal  cell,  small  stigma,  indication  of  an  anal  angle  to  the 
wing,  etc. 

Peripheroptera  eudorae,  sp.  n.    (PI.   XIV,  Fig.  7). 

Thorax  reddish ;_  wings  margined  all  around  with  brown,  a  broad 
brown  seam  along  the  cord. 

Male. — Length,  5.4-6  mm. ;  wing,  8.2-10.1  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  reddish  brown ;  antennae,  first  segment  brown,  re- 
maining segments  dark  brownish  black ;  front,  vertex  and  occiput  shiny 
reddish  chestnut,  the  occiput  rather  narrowed  caudad  to  meet  the 
elongated  cervical  sclerites,  gense  yellowish  brown. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  41  T 

Pronotum  shiny  chestnut;  mesonotal  praescutum  rich  yellowish  chest- 
nut, very  shiny,  in  front  much  darker,  hrownish,  this  brown  mark  ill- 
delimited ;  scutum  reddish  brown,  blackened  on  the  outer  cephalic 
angles  of  the  lobes ;  scutellum  and  postnotum  liver  brown.  Pleune 
deep  yellowish  chestnut  without  markings.  Halteres  short,  brown. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  brownish  yellow,  base  of  femora  yellow- 
ish, soon  darkened  into  brown,  tibiae  and  tarsi  brown. 

Wings,  yellowish,  with  distinct  brown  markings,  the  whole  margin 
of  the  wing  is  brown,  rather  interrupted  at  the  distal  ends  of  the  radial 
cells  where  the  yellow  ground  color  continues  to  the  wing  margin ; 
cord  broadly  margined  with  brown.  The  yellow  color  is  distributed 
as  follows :  Most  of  cells  R  and  M,  tip  of  cell  2nd  Ri,  most  of  cell  RS, 
basal  half  of  R$,  middle  of  1st  Af2,  indistinct  spots  in  the  bases  of  Mi 
and  Jl/3,  and  a  patch  in  cell  Cui.  Venation:  Costa  strongly  incras- 
sated  near  the  end  of  Sci ;  5Vi  ends  opposite  the  origin  of  Rs;  Rs 
short,  about  equal  to  the  deflection  of  R  4  plus  5 ;  inner  ends  of  cells 
7?3,  RS  and  ist  M-z  in  a  line  (see  Plate  XIV,  fig.  7). 

Abdominal  segments  almost  black,  each  sclerite  with  a  broad  pale 
silvery  apex. 

Holotype,    $  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 

Paratype,   $  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 

Types  in  the  Hungarian  National  Museum. 

Peripheroptera  arcuata,  sp.  n.    (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  8). 

Thorax  yellowish,  a  dark  brown  median  mark  on  the  praescutum, 
wings  with  the  deflection  of  R  4  plus  5  strongly  arcuated  and  not  in  a 
line  with  the  inner  end  of  cell  ^5. 

Female. — Length,  5.6  mm. ;  wing,  6.8-7.8  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  brown ;  antennae,  basal  segments  dull  yellow, 
flagellar  segments  brown;  front  and  vertex  grey,  this  color  continued 
caudad  along  the  inner  margin  of  the  eye,  caudal  portions  of  the  vertex 
and  the  occiput  brownish  yellow,  head  not  shiny. 

.  Thorax  rich  brownish  yellow,  a  little  shining,  a  conspicuous,  elon- 
gate oval,  dark  brown  stripe  on  the  praescutum,  this  mark  truncated  in 
front,  more  pointed  behind ;  scutum,  scutellum  and  postnotum  dull  yel- 
low, not  shiny.  Pleurae  dull  yellow.  Halteres  light  yellowish  brown, 
knobs  dark  brown. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  light  yellow,  femora  yellowish  darken- 
ing into  brown  toward  the  tip,  tibiae  and  tarsi  brownish. 

Wings  with  a  faint  yellow  tinge,  most  intense  along  cells  C  and  Sc; 
stigma  indistinct  rather  small,  cord  and  tip  of  the  wing  very  indistinct- 
ly suffused  with  brown.  Venation  (see  Plate  XIV,  fig.  8),  cross  vein  r 
angulated  near  its  middle,  strongly  arcuated  and  with  indications  of  a 
spur ;  Rs  rather  long,  not  so  arcuated  as  the  deflection  of  R  4  plus  5 
which  is  bent  almost  at  a  right  angle  and  is  much  proximad  of  the 


412  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

inner  end  of  cell  ^5  though  about  on  a  line  with  the  inner  end  of  cell 
ist  M2. 

Abdomen  brownish  yellow  without  dark  markings. 

Holotype,    5  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 

Paratype,   9  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 

Types  in  the  Hungarian  National  Museum. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XIV. 

Fig.  i.  Wing  of  Dicranomyia  subdola  sp.  n. ;    $. 

Fig.  2.  Wing  of  Gcranomyia  valida  Loew. ;    9  . 

Fig.  3.  Wing  of  Gcranomyia  numenins  sp.  n. ;    9. 

Fig.  4.  Wing  of  Gcranomyia  cincreinota  sp.  n. ;    $ . 

Fig.  5.  Wing  of  Periphcroptcra   incommoda    Osten   Sacken ;    $. 

Fig.  6.  Wing  of  Pcripheroptcra  tcucholaboides  sp.  n.;    $. 

Fig.  7.  Wing  of  Pcripheroptcra  cudorae  sp.  n. ;    $  . 

Fig.  8.  Wing  of  Peripheroptera  arcuata  sp.  n. ;    $ . 

Fig.  g.  Wing  of  Diotrcpha  omissincrvis  sp.  n. ;    9  . 

Fig.  10.  Wing  of  Atarba  varicornis  sp.  n. ;    9- 


A  Hale  and   Hearty  Entomologist. 

On  June  13,  1913,  Hofrat  Dr.  Karl  Brunner  von  Wattenwyl  cele- 
brated his  ninetieth  birthday  in  "voller  geistiger  Frische  und  korper- 
licher  Riistigkeit."  On  this  occasion  he  was  visited  at  Kirchdorf  on 
the  Krems,  where  he  was  spending  the  summer,  by  a  deputation  of 
his  numerous  friends,  who  presented  him  with  addresses  recalling 
his  distinguished  services  in  the  organization  of  the  telegraph  in 
Austria  and  in  the  field  of  Orthopterology. —  (Wiener  Eiit.  Zeitung, 
July  15,  1913). 

Mexico  Gulf  Coast  Citrus  Fruit  Association. 

I  am  sending  you  under  separate  cover  a  copy  of  the  first  circular 
of  this  Association,  on  the  control  of  the  Orange  Maggot  (Trypcta 
ludcns — Dipt).  We  are  conducting  investigations  on  many  problems 
relating  to  the  culture  of  citrus  fruits  in  the  tropics  and  the  subse- 
quent circulars  will  treat  of  these  various  problems,  which  will  be 
largely  entomological,  and  some  also  on  phytopathology,  etc.  I  will 
be  glad  to  send  these  to  anybody  who  is  especially  interested  in  this 
work ;  especially  in  such  cases  as  other  bulletins  or  papers  may  be 
received  in  exchange. 

I  would  be  glad  if  you  might  make  a  mention  of  the  above  facts 
in  the  NEWS.  We  are  devoting  a  great  deal  of  attention  to  these 
matters  and  we  believe  that  the  results  will  be  of  interest  to  many 
outside  of  Mexico. — D.  L.  CRAWFORD,  Entomologist  and  Horticultur- 
ist, P.  O.  Box  293,  Tampico,  Tamps.,  Mexico. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS. 

[The  Conductors  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  solicit  and  will  thank- 
fully receive  items  of  news  likely  to  interest  its  readers  from  any  source. 
The  author's  name  will  be  given  in  each  case,  for  the  information  of 
cataloguers  and  bibliographers.] 


TO  CONTRIBUTORS. — All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience,  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  has  reached 
a  circulation,  both  in  numbers  and  circumference,  as  to  make  it  neces- 
sary to  put  "copy"  into  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  each  number,  four 
weeks  before  date  of  issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
or  important  matter  for  a  certain  issue.  Twenty-five  "extras,"  without 
change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free,  when  they  are 
wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired,  this  should  be  stated 
on  the  MS.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowledged.  Proof  will 
be  sent  to  authors  for  correction  only  when  specially  requested. — Ed. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  NOVEMBER,    1913. 

A  little  learning  is  a  dangerous  thing: 
Drink  deep,  or  touch  not  the   Pierian   spring. 

"San  Jose  Scale ;  a  Parasite  Which  Kills  the  Orchard  Pest 
is  Found.  Most  Important  Horticultural  Discovery  of  Recent 
Years  Officially  Announced  by  State  Zoologist.  Certain  That 
it  Has  Cleared  up  Orchards."  The  above  appeared  in  the 
Philadelphia  Public  Ledger,  September  26,  1913,  and  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  detailed  statement  by  Prof.  H.  A.  Surface,  Eco- 
nomic Zoologist  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Department  of 
Agriculture.  The  discovery,  according  to  Prof.  Surface,  has 
been  pronounced  the  most  remarkable  horticultural  work  of 
years,  if  not  of  the  entire  decade.  Dr.  James  S.  Grim,  in- 
structor in  the  Kutztown  (Penna.)  State  Normal  School, 
claims  that  he  discovered  these  parasites  and  sent  them  to 
Prof.  Surface.  All  this  has  caused  a  wordy  newspaper  war 
between  Prof.  Surface  and  Dr.  Grim  as  to  priority  of  dis- 
covery. 

A  natural  inference  would  be  that  a  State  Zoologist  would 
look  into  the  literature  of  the  subject  and  have  the  specimens 
identified  before  rushing  into  print.  There  are  numerous 
Hymenopterous  parasites  infesting  the  San  Jose  scale  and  a 
voluminous  literature  exists  relating  to  the  subject.  Marlatt 
(in  Bulletin  62,  Division  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agri- 

413 


414  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

culture,  1906)  mentions  eight  species  as  having  been  reared 
from  the  San  Jose  scale  in  this  country.  The  literature  of  the 
subject  practically  dates  from  the  description  of  the  scale  in 
1880  by  Professor  Comstock.  D.  W.  Coquillett  reared  Apheli- 
mts  fuscipennis  Howard  in  California  in  the  eighties.  It  was 
also  reared  by  Ehrhorn,  Craw  and  others  in  California  years 
ago.  In  1898  the  late  Prof.  W.  G.  Johnson  reared  nearly  four 
thousand  specimens  from  scale  found  in  Maryland.  This 
species  was  also  reared  and  studied  a  long  time  ago  by  John 
B.  Smith  in  New  Jersey  and  Prof.  Forbes  in  Illinois.  Girault 
reared  Aphelinus  mytilaspidis  LeBaron  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
in  1905.  Aspidiotiphagus  citrinus  Howard  has  been  reared 
from  the  scale  from  Florida.  Physcus  varicornis  Howard  was 
reared  by  Prof.  Ouaintance  in  Florida,  also  in  1905.  Quain- 
tance  and  Gir  .  ilt  also  reared  Prospalta  aurantii  and  Ablerus 
disiocawipae  Ashm.  Rhopoideus  citrinus  Howard  was  reared 
in  1885  by  Albert  Koebele  at  Truckee,  California. 

This  brief  abstract  from  Mr.  Marlatt's  work  shows  that 
something  w.as  known  of  San  Jose  scale  parasites  before  Prof. 
Surface  made  his  marvelous  discoveries  in  Pennsylvania.  Of 
course  it  is  possible  that  he  or  Dr.  Grim  has  reared  a  new 
species,  but  even  that  will  not  excuse  lack  of  reference  to  the 
literature,  as  there  is  no  evidence  that  he  knew  what  parasite 
or  parasites  he  had. 

The  Pennsylvania  State  Zoologist  appears  also  to  claim  pri- 
ority in  other  things.  In  Press  Bulletin  No.  194,  dated  Janu- 
ary 13,  1913,  he  says: 

"Thoughtful  readers  of  newspapers  have  been  very  much  amused 
recently  to  see  an  article,  apparently  given  out  as  a  news  item  from 
Washington,  D.  C.,  to  the  effect  that  the  U.  S.  Entomologist  and  his 
assistants,  have  recently  discovered  a  means  of  destroying  pests  in 
buildings  by  fumigating  with  hydrocyanic  gas. 

"If  such  an  idea  is  new  to  the  Washington  people  it  is  an  evidence 
that  Pennsylvania  is  considerably  ahead,  as  State  Zoologist  H.  A.  Sur- 
face has  been  publishing  methods  of  fumigating  buildings  of  various 
kinds  for  all  insect  pests  during  the  past  ten  years the  state- 
ment from  Washington,  that  the  entomologists  there  have  discovered 
a  method  of  doing  such  fumigation,  appeals  to  our  citizens  either  as 
a  joke  or  as  an  echo  from  the  rear." 


Vol.  XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  4T5 

We  have  heard  the  opinions  of  some  citizens  of  Pennsyl- 
vania on  this  Bulletin  and  they  appear  to  be  uncertain 
whether  it  is  a  joke,  a  tragedy,  or  "an  echo  from  the  rear." 

The  Bulletins  of  the  Division  of  Zoology  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Department  of  Agriculture  are  copyrighted  by  Prof. 
H.  A.  Surface,  Author.  Why  it  is  necessary  to  copyright 
compilations  we  can't  imagine.  Permission  to  publish  ex- 
tracts is  given  to  all  persons  who  will  give  proper  credit 
of  source.  We  avail  ourselves  of  this  privilege  to  quote 
from  Bulletin  No.  i,  Vol.  Ill: 

The  Bee-louse  (Braula  caeca  Nitzsch) It  is  a  rather  large,  dark 

brown,  wingless  louse-like  insect,  possessing  six  legs,  and  belongs  to 
the  entomological  order  of  Diptera  or  two-winged  flies. 

The  Hog-louse  (Hacmatopius  urinus  Nitzsch) adults  reaching 

to  the  length  of  an  inch  or  more. 

The  adult  carpet  beetle  is  a  minute,  dark  brown,,  "^val  insect. 

The  Book-lice The  adults  are  small  insects  with  delicate  wings 

and  long  antennae. 

Under  the  heading  "Chewing  Insects"  is  placed  the  San  Jose  scale. 

This  is  not  the  only  bulletin  in  the  series  that  makes  inter- 
esting reading  on  account  of  the  copyrighted  original  material 
in  it. 

There  is  opportunity  for  great  improvement  in  the  scientific 
output  of  this  department  in  Pennsylvania,  and  such  work 
seems  to  be  overshadowed  by  an  undue  effort  to  gain  news- 
paper and  other  notoriety.  We  regret  to  say  that  the  standard 
of  work  in  Economic  Zoology  in  the  great  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania does  not  compare  favorably  with  what  is  done  in  a  ma- 
jority of  the  other  States  in  the  Union. — H.  S. 


Notes    and.    News. 

BNTOMOLOQICAL   GLEANINGS   FROM    ALL   QUARTERS 
OF    THE    GLOBE. 

Cystineura  amymone  (Lepid.). 

I  note  in  the  June  number  of  the  NEWS,  page  270,  records  of  the 
capture  of  Cystineura  amymone  from  several  localities  in  Oklahoma. 
In  October,  1904,  a  single  specimen  was  taken  by  me  about  a  mile 
northwest  of  Lawrence,  Kansas.  The  specimen  seemed  chilled  and 
was  unable  to  fly.  It  was  given  to  the  late  Dr.  F.  H.  Snow,  who 
stated  that  it  was  the  first  that  he  had  seen  taken  north  of  Texas.— 
C.  I.  OVERMAN,  U.  S.  S.  Supply,  Guam,  M.  I.,  July  n,  1913. 


416  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

King  George's  Interest  in  Entomology. 

We  note,  with  interest,  in  The  Entomologist,  for  July,  1913,  that 
at  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London  it  was 
announced  that  H.  M.  the  King  had  been  pleased  to  become  a  patron 
of  the  Society.  It  is  said  to  be  "the  first  occasion  when  the  Sover- 
eign has  demonstrated  officially  his  interest  in  our  branch  of  science 
and  the  work  associated  with  it."  We  likewise  "offer,  therefore,  our 
brother  entomologists  (across  the  seas),  hearty  congratulations  upon 
the  honor  conferred  on  them." 

The    Largest    Living    Insects    (Orthoptera). 

Dr.  Yngve  Sjostedt  has  recently  described  a  new  species  of  Phasmid, 
or  Walking  Stick,  from  Nyassa,  East  Africa,  as  Palophus  titan,  stating 
that  it  is  the  largest  winged  Orthopter  yet  known.  The  only  specimen 
is  a  female  having  a  body-length  of  26.3  cm.  ( 10  5-16  inches)  and  the 
hind  wing  11.2  cm.  (4%  inches)  long.  The  front  wing  is  very  much 
smaller,  3-7  cm.  (i  7-16  inches)  in  length.  A  life-size  colored  figure 
accompanies  the  description  (in  Kungl.  Svenska  Vetenskapsakademiens 
Handlingar,  Band  50,  No.  6,  1913)  and  shows  the  hind  wings  to  be  pur- 
ple, banded  and  spotted  with  pale  yellow.  A  table  of  comparative  meas- 
urements of  other  Phasmidse  is  given  from  which  it  appears  that  sev- 
eral wingless  species  exceed  Palophus  titan  in  body-length,  the  largest 
being  Phobaeticus  kirbyi  Redt.,  of  Borneo,  and  Pharnacia  scrratipcs 
Gray,  of  Pulo-Penang,  Malabar  and  Borneo,  in  both  of  which  the  body 
is  33  cm.  (13  inches)  long.  These  are  the  largest  species  of  living  in- 
sects, although  the  Protodonate  Megancura  monyi  Brongniart,  of  the 
Carboniferous  of  Saint-Etienne,  France,  had  a  body  35  cm.  (13^4 
inches)  long  and  a  wing-expanse  of  64  cm.  (25^  inches). 

Notice  of  Public  Hearing  on  the  Alligator  Pear  Weevil  (Coleop.). 

The  Department  of  Agriculture  has  information  that  a  danger- 
ous enemy  of  avocados  (alligator  pears),  known  as  the  avocado 
weevil  (Heilipus  lauri),  exists  in  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  Mexico  and 
other  foreign  countries.  Owing  to  the  rapid  increase  of  avocado 
culture  in  this  country,  and  especially  in  California,  there  is  grave 
danger  of  introducing  this  insect  through  the  importation  of  seed, 
which  may  contain  partly  developed  larvte  of  this  insect.  The  avo- 
cado weevil  lives  within  the  seed  of  the  avocado  and  so  far  no  thor- 
oughly successful  method  is  known  of  disinfecting  or  otherwise 
treating  such  seeds  so  as  to  kill  the  insect,  without  destroying  the 
germinative  vitality  of  the  seed.  It  is  hoped,  however,  that  investi- 
gations now  under  way  will  discover  an  effective  method  of  treat- 
ment under  which  importation  of  avocado  seed  can  be  permitted.  In 
the  meantime  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  to  con- 
sider (in  accordance  with  Sections  7  and  8  of  the  Plant  Quarantine 
Act  of  August  20,  1912),  the  advisability  of  prohibiting  the  importa- 
tion of  avocado  seeds  and  avocado  fruits  from  all  foreign  countries 
in  which  this  insect  is  known  to  occur. 

In  compliance  with  the  Act,  a  public  hearing  will  be  held  at  the 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at  10  o'clock  on  No- 
vember 18,  1913,  at  which  all  persons  interested,  or  their  attorneys, 
may  be  present  and  have  an  opportunity  to  be  heard  concerning  the 
establishment  of  a  quarantine  against  all  avocado  seeds  and  avocado 
fruits  coming  to  the  continental  United  States. 


Vol.  Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  417 

Entomological  Literature. 

COMPILED    BY    E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR.,    AND    J.    A.    G.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining1  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting  those 
appearing  in  the  January  and  February  issues  of  the  News,  which  are 
generally  dated  the  year  previous. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

1 — Proceedings,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 
3 — The  American  Naturalist.  4 — The  Canadian  Entomologist. 
6 — Journal,  New  York  Entomological  Society.  7 — U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  Washington.  9 — The 
Entomologist,  London.  10 — Nature,  London.  11 — Annals  and 
Magazine  of  Natural  History,  London.  13 — Comptes  Rendus, 
Societe  de  Biologic,  Paris.  21 — The  Entomologist's  Record,  Lon- 
don. 22 — Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  Leipzig.  24 — Berliner  Entomo- 
logische  Zeitschrift.  34 — Proceedings,  Iowa  Academy  of  Sciences, 
Des  Moines.  35 — Annales,  Societe  Entomologique  de  Belgique. 
40 — Societas  Entomologica,  Zurich.  44 — Verhandlungen,  K.  k.  zoo- 
logisch-botanischen  Gesellschaft  in  Wien.  50 — Proceedings  of 
the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  68 — Science,  New  York.  74 — Natur- 
wissenschaftliche  Wochenschrift,  Berlin.  78 — Gardner's  Chronicle, 
London.  79 — La  Nature,  Paris.  89 — Zoologische  Jahrbucher,  Jena. 
92 — Zeitschrift  fur  wissenschaftliche  Insektenbiologie.  97 — Zeit- 
schrift fur  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie,  Leipzig.  105 — Videnskabe- 
lige  Meddelelser,  Naturhistoriske  Forening  i  Kjobenhaven.  119— 
Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte,  Berlin.  142 — Report,  Michigan  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  Lansing.  152 — California  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Station,  Berkeley.  153 — Bulletin,  American  Museum  of  Nat- 
ural History,  New  York.  155 — Nova  Acta  Academiae  Caesareae 
Leopoldius  Carolinae  Germanicae  Naturae  Curiosorum,  Halle. 
161 — Proceedings,  Biological  Society  of  Washington.  166 — Inter- 
nationale Entomologische  Zeitschrift,  Guben.  182 — Revue  Russe 
d'Entomologie,  St.  Petersburg.  186 — Journal  of  Economic  Biol- 
ogy, London.  191 — Natur,  Munchen.  198 — Biological  Bulletin, 
Marine  Biological  Laboratory,  Woods  Hole,  Mass.  200 — Bulletin 


418  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

Scientifique  de  la  France  et  de  Belgique,  Paris.  216— Entomolo- 
gische  Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.  238— Annales,  Sociedad  Cien- 
tifica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires.  240— Maine  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Station,  Orono.  278 — Annales,  Societe  Zoologique  Suisse  et 
du  Museum  d'Histoire  de  Geneve,  Revue  Suisse  de  Zoologie.  279 

Jenaische    Zeitschrift    fur    Naturwissenschaft.      303 — Entomolo- 

giske  Meddelelser,  udgivne  af  Entomologisk  Forening,  Copen- 
hagen. 304— Annals  of  the  Carnegie  Museum.  324 — Journal  of 
Animal  Behavior,  Cambridge,  Mass.  336— Board  of  Agriculture, 
Trinidad.  340— Transactions  of  the  Linnean  Society  of  London, 
2nd  Ser.,  Zoology.  341 — Archiv  fur  Rassen-  u.  Gesellschafts-Bio- 
logie,  Leipzig.  364— Biologica,  Journal  Scientifique  du  Medecin, 
Paris.  368— The  Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  State  Commission  of 
Horticulture,  Sacramento,  Cal.  369— Entomologische  Mitteilun- 
gen,  Berlin-Dahlem.  373— Contributions  to  the  Natural  History 
of  the  Lepidoptera  of  North  America,  by  Wm.  Barnes  and  J.  H. 
McDunnough,  Decatur,  [11.  394 — Parasitology,  Cambridge,  Eng- 
land. 405— University  of  Toronto  Studies,  Biological  Series.  420— 
Insecutor  Inscitiae  Menstruus:  A  monthly  journal  of  entomology, 
Washington,  D.  C.  433— Tennessee  State  Board  of  Entomology, 
Knoxville.  434— Abhandlungen  k.  k.  Zoolog.-Botanisch.  Gesell- 
schaft  in  Wien.  435 — Archives  de  Biologic,  Liege  and  Paris. 
436 — Annual  Report  and  Transactions  of  the  North  Staffordshire 
Field  Club.  Stafford.  438— Bulletin  of  the  Illinois  State  Labora- 
tory of  Natural  History,  Urbana.  439 — Mississippi  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station,  Agricultural  College,  Miss. 

GENERAL  SUBJECT.  Ash,  F.  W.— The  nature  and  origin  of 
secondary  sex  characters,  436,  xlvii,  79-93.  Bervoets,  R. — Notes 
sur  la  circulation  du  sang  dans  les  ailes  des  insectes,  35,  Ivii,  184- 
190.  Breton,  A. — Insectoscope  pour  1'examen  microscopique  des 
objets  en  relief,  79,  1913,  127-128.  Buchner,  P.— Neue  erfahrungen 
ueber  intrazellulare  symbionten  bei  insekten,  74,  1913,  401-406. 
Caullery,  M. — Le  probleme  du  determinisme  du  sexe,  364,  iii,  193- 
202.  Colthrup,  C.  W.— Protective  resemblance,  21,  1913,  179-182 
(cont.).  Cosens,  A. — A  contribution  to  the  morphology  and  biol- 
ogy of  insect  galls,  405,  No.  13,  297-387.  Dury,  C. — Insects  that 
carry  disease.  8  pp.  (Extract  from  Lancet-Clinic,  June  7,  1913.) 
Govaerts,  P. — Recherches  sur  la  structure  de  1'ovaire  des  insectes 
la  differenciation  de  1'ovocyte  et  sa  periode  d'accroissement,  435, 
xxviii,  347-445.  Imms,  A.  D. — Contributions  to  a  knowledge  of  the 
structure  and  biology  of  some  Indian  insects,  340,  xi,  167-195. 
Merle,  R. — La  chasse  aux  insectes,  79,  xli,  62-63.  Poche,  F.— Ueber 
drei  antrage  zur  einschrankung  der  zahl  der  namensanderungen 
und  zur  abschaffung  des  liberum  veto  in  der  nomenklaturkommis- 


Vol.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  419 

sion 44,  Iviii,  56-76.     Schmidt,  H. — Neue  notizen  zur  besiede- 

lung  einheimischer  pflanzen  durch  gallbildende  insekten,  40,  xxviii, 
59-60  (cont).  Schroder,  C. — Handbuch  der  entomologie,  Lief.  2-3, 
pp.  161-480  (cont.).  Stiles,  C.  W.— Report  of  the  International 
Commission  of  Zoological  Nomenclature,  68,  1913,  7-19.  Strind- 
berg,  H. — Embryologische  studien  an  insekten,  97,  cvi,  1-227. 
Wheeler,  G.— The  coloration  problem.  A  rejoinder,  21,  1913,  188- 
191. 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Some  fossil  insects  from  Florissant,  Col.,  4, 
1913,  229-233.  Smith,  J.  B.— Report  of  the  entomological  depart- 
ment of  the  New  Jersey  Agric.  College  Exper.  Station  for  1911, 
582  pp. 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Bishopp  &  Wood.— The  biology  of  some 
.  No.  Am.  ticks  of  the  genus  "Dermacentor,"  394,  vi,  153-187.  Fre- 
miet,  E.  F. — La  segmentation  de  1'oeuf  d'Ascaris  au  point  de  vue 
energetique,  13,  1913,  90-92.  Merle,  R. — Les  insectes  auxiliaires 
dans  la  lutte  centre  les  insectes  pathogenes,  79,  xli,  150-151.  Nut- 
tall,  G.  H.  F. — Parthenogenesis  in  ticks.  (Preliminary  note.) 
Variation  in  size  and  structure  (of  Rhipicephalus  appendiculatus) 
due  to  nutrition,  394,  vi,  139-140,  195-203.  Pawlowsky,  E. — Ein 
beitrag  zur  kenntnis  des  baues  der  giftdrusen  von  "Scolopendra 
morsitans,"  89,  xxxvi,  91-112. 

Banks,  N. — Notes  on  the  types  of  some  American  spiders  in 
European  collections,  1,  1913,  177-188.  Carl,  J. — Diplopodenstudien 
II.  Eine  neue  Physiostreptiden-gattung,  22,  xlii,  212-216.  Emer- 
ton,  J.  H. — New  and  rare  spiders  from  within  50  miles  of  New 
York  City,  153,  xxxii,  255-260.  Nuttall,  G.  H.  F. — (See  also  above.) 

APTERA  AND  NEUROPTERA.  Campion,  H.— The  antenodal 
reticulation  of  the  wings  of  Agrionine  dragonflies,  1,  1913,  220-224. 
Collinge,  W.  E. — Collembola  damaging  pine  trees,  186,  viii,  99. 
Marshall,  W.  S. — The  development  of  the  wings  of  a  caddis-fly 
"Platyphylax  designatus,"  97,  cv,  574-597. 

Bergroth,  E. — Nachtrage  zu  G.  Aulmann's  "Psyllidarum  cata- 
logus,"  369,  1913,  230-31.  Calvert,  P.  P.— The  fossil  odonate  Phena- 
colestes  with  a  discussion  of  the  venation  of  the  legion  Podagrion, 
1,  1913,  225-272.  Williams,  C.  B. — A  summary  of  the  present 
knowledge  of  the  Protura,  9,  1913,  225-32.  Woodruff,  L.  B.— 
"Neuronia  pardalis"  near  New  York  City,  6,  1913,  163. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Boldyrer,  B.— Ueber  die  spermatophoren 
einiger  Locustodea  und  Gryllodea  (Russian),  182,  xii,  571-73. 
Geitel,  H. — Die  aufzucht  von  "Eurycnema  versifasciata,"  216, 
xxvii,  73-75.  Kuhnle,  K.  F. — Vergleichende  untersuchungen  ueber 


42O  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

das  gehirn,  die  kopfnerven  und  die  kopfdrusen  des  gemeinen  ohr- 
wurms  (Forficula  auricularia),  279,  1,  147-276.  Moewes,  F. — Die 
starrfurcht  der  indischen  stabheuschrecken,  191,  1913,  451-455. 

Bruner,  L. — South  American  locusts  (Acrioidea),  II,  304,  viii, 
423-506.  Hebard,  M.— A  revision  of  the  sp.  of  the  gen.  "Nemobius" 
found  in  No.  America  north  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  1,  1913, 
394-492.  Rehn,  J.  A.  G. — A  contribution  to  the  knowledge  of  the 
O.  of  Argentina,  1,  1913,  273-379. 

HEMIPTERA.  Herrick,  G.  W.— Some  scale  insects  of  Missis- 
sippi, with  notes  on  certain  species  from  Texas,  439,  Tech.  Bui.  2. 
Hewitt,  T.  R. — Notes  on  the  occurrence  of  the  wooly  aphis  (Schi- 
zoneura  laniger)  in  the  core  of  apples,  186,  viii,  95-98.  Kershaw, 
J.  G.  C. — Anatomical  notes  on  a  membracid,  35,  Ivii,  191-201. 
Urich,  F.  W. — The  sugar  cane  froghopper  (Tomaspis  varia),  and 
biological  notes  on  some  cercopids  of  Trinidad,  336,  Circ.  9,  45  pp. 
Woodworth,  C.  W.— The  woolly  aphis,  152,  Circ.  102. 

Barber,  H.  G. — Description  of  two  n.  sp.  of  "Ochterus"  with  an 
arrangement  of  the  No.  Am.  species,  4,  1913,  213-215.  Bergroth,  E. 
— On  some  Reduviidae  of  the  subfamily  Saicinae.  A  new  neotro- 
pical genus  of  Reduviidae  (Aristathlus),  35,  Ivii,  233-236,  240-42. 
Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— (See  under  General.)  Fracker,  S.  B.— A  sys- 
tematic outline  of  the  Reduviidae  of  No.  Am.,  34,  xix,  217-252. 
Melichar,  L. — Monograph  der  Dictylophorinen  (Homoptera),  434, 
vii,  1-221.  Patch,  E.  M.— Aphid  pests  of  Maine.  Pt.  2.  Willow 
family,  240,  Bui.  213. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Bostock,  E.  D.— The  life-story  of  a  lepidop- 
terous  insect,  436,  xlvii,  45-61.  Bryk,  F. — Ueber  das  auftreten  einer 
mutation  mit  verandertem  adersysteme  von  "Parnassius  apollo" 
auf  der  Insel  Gotland,  341,  ix,  681-693.  Dampf,  A.— "Die  assimi- 
lationstatigkeit  der  schmetterlingspuppen"  von  Dr.  Grafin  von 
Linden,  369,  1913,  232-240.  Engelhardt,  C.  P.— "Iphiclides  ajax" 
on  Long  Island  and  "Catopsilia  philea"  in  New  York  City,  6,  1913, 
161-162.  Frohawk,  F.  W. — Faeces  ejector  of  lepidopterous  larvae, 
9,  1913,  201-202.  Hall,  G.  C.— Distribution  of  "Argynnis  atlantis" 
and  "aphrodite,"  6,  1913,  162.  Junk,  W. — Bibliographia  lepidoptero- 
logica.  Die  lepidopterologische  literatur.  (Review  and  catalogue 
of  literature),  26  and  134  pp.  McDunnough,  J. — Concerning  thei 
reputed  disastrous  occurrence  of  "Vanessa  californica"  in  Oregon 
and  California,  4,  1913,  233-235.  Stauder,  H. — Ueberwinterung  der 
Pieris  rapae.  Raupe  im  suden  des  fluggebietes  der  art,  92,  ix,  209. 
Strand,  E. — Zur  biologie  von  "Diapalpus  congregarius,"  119,  1913, 
Ab.  A,  H.  2,  121-122.  Susckkin,  P. — Zur  anatomischen  begrundung 


Vol.  Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  421 

einiger  palaarktischer  arten  der  gattungen  "Alclitaea,"  92,  ix,  1G9- 
75  (cont.).  Unzicker,  Dr. — Hemileuca  maja,  ihre  lebensweise  und 
ihre  verwandten,  92,  ix,  208-209.  Urbahn,  E.— Abdominale  duft- 
organe  bei  weiblichen  schmetterlingen,  279,  1,  277-358.  Wolff,  P.— 
Weiteres  ueber  temperaturexperimente  an  schmetterlingspuppen, 
216,  xxvii,  85-87  (cont.). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough. — Some  apparently  new  L.  from  South- 
ern Florida,  373,  ii,  165-194.  Busck,  A. — New  microlepidoptera 
from  Guiana,  420,  i,  88-92.  Bryk,  F. — Ueber  eine  neue  einteilung 
der  Papilionidae  unter  berucksichtigung  des  flugelgeaders,  119, 
1913,  Ab.  A,  H.  2,  116-121.  Dalla  Torre,  K.  W.  v.— Ueber  die  zitate 
der  L.  in  der  "Reise  der  Novara,"  369,  1913,  240-243.  Dyar,  H.  G.— 
Results  of  the  Yale-Peruvian  expedition  of  1911.  L.,  50,  xlv,  627- 
649.  The  species  of  "Calyptocome,"  420,  i,  79-87.  Fruhstorfer  & 
Jordan. — Die  grossschmetterlinge  der  erde.  Fauna  Americana. 
Lief.  46-48.  Newcomb,  W.  W.— Check-list  Michigan  L.  I.  Rho- 
palocera,  142,  xiv,  226-230.  Niepelt,  W. — Neue  sudamerikanische 
tagfalter,  166,  vii,  121. 

DIPTERA.  Bisnopp,  F.  C.— The  stable  fly  (Stomoxys  calci- 
trans),  7,  Farm.  Bui.  540.  Chatton,  E. — "Coccidiascus  legeri"  n.  g., 
n.  sp.,  levure  ascosporee  parasite  des  cellules  intestinales  de  "Dro- 
sophila  funebris,"  13,  1913,  117-120.  Howard,  L.  O.— The  yellow 
fever  mosquito  (Aedes  calopus),  7,  Farm.  Bui.  547.  Keuchenius, 
P.  E. — The  structure  of  the  internal  genitalia  of  some  male  D., 
97,  cv,  501-536.  Long,  H.  C.— The  mediterranean  fruit  fly,  78,  liv. 
117.  Nielsen,  J.  C. — A  correction  concerning  "Tachina  larvarum" 
to  lagttagelser  over  entoparsitiske  muscide-larver  hos  Arthro- 
poder,  303,  1913,  272-273.  Safir,  S.  R. — A  new  eye  color  mutation 
in  Drosophila  and  its  mode  of  inheritance,  198,  xxv,  45-51.  Town- 
send,  C.  H.  T. — A  Phlebotomus  the  practically  certain  carrier  of 
verruga,  68,  1913,  194-195.  Whiting,  P.  W.— Viability  and  coupling 
in  Drosophila,  3,  1913,  508-511. 

Aldrich,  J.  M.— The  No.  Am.  sp.  of  "Lispa,"  6,  1913,  126-146. 
Bezzi,  M. — Einige  alte  und  neue  namen  bei  den  D.,  40,  xxviii,  55-56. 
Ccckerell,  T.  D.  A.— The  first  fossil  mydaid  fly.  A  fossil  asilid  fly 
from  Colorado,  9,  1913,  207-208,  213-214.  (See  under  General.) 
Edwards,  F.  W. — Some  Mycetophilid  synonymy,  11,  xii,  55-56. 
Enderlein,  G. — Zur  kenntnis  der  Tanypezinen.  Ueber  "Lagarinus" 
n.  gen.,  eine  isoliert  stehende  fliegengattun;;,  22,  xlii,  224-229,  250- 
252.  Hermann,  F. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  sudamerikanischen 
dipterenfauna.  Asilidae,  155,  xcvi,  Nr.  1,  275  pp.  Nielsen,  J.  C.— 
Undersogelser  over  entoparasitiske  muscidelarver  hos  Arthro- 
poder,  II,  105,  Ixiv,  215-248.  Roubaud,  E.— Recherches  sur  les 


422  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

Aucheromyies.  Calliphorines  a  larves  suceuses  de  sang  de  1'Af- 
rique  tropicale,  200,  xlvii,  105-202.  Townsend,  C.  H.  T.— On  Tri- 
chiopoda,  Polistomyia  and  Trichopodopsis,  6,  1913,  147-48. 

COLEOPTERA.  Bird,  H.— The  passing  of  the  hickory  nut? 
6,  1913,  123-126.  Blunck,  H. — Beitrage  zur  naturgeschichte  des 
Dytiscus  marginalis,  89,  xxxv,  1-54.  Davis,  W.  T. — "Anthonomus 
scutellaris"  on  Beach  Plum,  6,  1913,  160.  Davis,  J.  J. — Common 
white  grubs  (Lachnosterna  sp.),  7,  Farm.  Bui.  543.  Essig,  E.  O.— 
The  branch  and  twig  borer  (Polycon  confertus),  368,  ii,  587-589. 

Barber,  H.  S. — The  remarkable  life-history  of  a  new  family 
(Micromalthidae)  of  beetles,  161,  xxvi,  185-190.  Bowditch,  F.  W.— 
Descriptions  of  3  n.  sp.  of  "Lema"  by  the  late  M.  Jacoby,  and  of  a 
few  other  n.  sp.  of  Criocerini,  9,  1913,  238-44.  Bradley,  J.  C.— 
"Physocnemum  andreae"  in  Okennokee  swamp  in  Georgia,  6,  1913, 
159.  Csiki,  E. — Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  54:  Rhipiphoridae. 
29  pp.  Kerremans,  C. — Monographic  des  Buprestides,  VI,  Livr. 
10-12,  289-384  pp.  Kleine,  R. — Die  geographische  verbreitung  der 
Ipiden  genera  orbis  terrarum,  24,  1912,  155-192  (cont.).  Lameere, 
A. — Revision  des  Prionides.  Pt.  1-2.  1052  pp.  (Reprint  from  An. 
et  Mem.  Soc.  Ent.  Belgique.)  Leng,  C. — Note  on  "Phanaeus  tor- 
rens,"  6,  1913,  157-158.  Lewis,  G.— On  n.  sp.  of  Histeridae  and 
notices  of  others,  11,  xii,  81-87.  Pic,  M. — Coleopterorum  catalogus. 
Pars  55:  Bruchidae.  74  pp.  Roberts,  C.  H. — Critical  notes  on  the 
sp.  of  Halipidae  of  America,  north  of  Mexico,  with  descriptions  of 
n.  sp.,  6,  1913,  91-123.  Sicard,  D. — Descriptions  d'especes  et  varietes 
nouvelles  de  Coccinellides  de  la  collection  du  Deutsches  Entomo- 
logisches  Museum  de  Berlin-Dahlem,  119,  1912,  Ab.  A,  H.  6,  129- 
138.  Woodruff,  L.  B. — "Donacia  emarginata":  a  biographic  note, 
4,  1913,  210-11. 

HYMENOPTERA.  Bentley,  G.  M.— Beekeeping  in  Tennessee, 
433,  Bui.  9.  Cornetz,  V. — Ueber  die  rolle  des  lichtes  bei  der  orien- 
tierung  der  ameise,  92,  ix,  196-97.  Kutter,  H. — Zugleich  ein  beitrag 
zur  biologic  von  "Formica  cinerea,"  92,  ix,  193-196.  Mangau,  J.— 
A  fresh  feature  of  the  large  larch  saw-fly  outbreak  in  the  Lake 
District  (England),  10,  1913,  530-31.  Merle,  R.— (See  under  Arach- 
nida.)  Reum,  W. — Zur  biologic  von  "Cynips  scutellaris,"  40, 
xxviii,  61-63.  Santschi,  F. — Comment  s'orientent  les  fourmis,  278, 
xxi,  347-426.  Tanquary,  M.  C. — Biological  and  embryological 
studies  of  Formicidae,  438,  ix,  417-479.  Turner,  C.  H. — Notes  on 
the  behavior  of  a  parasite  bee  of  the  family  Stelidae,  324,  i,  374-92. 

Banks,  N. — Two  new  fossorial  H.,  153,  xxxii,  237-38.  Cockerell, 
T.  D.  A. — Descriptions  and  records  of  bees. — LIII,  11,  xii,  103-110. 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  423 

(See  under  General.)  Enderlein,  G. — Zur  kenntnis  der  Spathiinen 
und  einiger  verwandten  gruppen.  Neue  gattungen  und  arten  aus- 
sereuropaischer  Braconiden.  Zur  kenntnis  der  Xylocopen  sud- 
amerikas  und  ueber  einen  zwitter  von  "Xylocopa  ordinaria,"  119, 

1912,  Ab.  A,  H.  2,  1-37,  38-41,  156-70.     Friese,  H.— Neue  und  wenig 
bekannte   bienenarten  der  neotropischen   region,   119,   1912,   Ab.   A, 
H.    6,    198-226.      Keilin   &   Picado. — Evolution   et    formes   larvaires 
du  "Drachasma  crawfordi"  n.  sp.    Braconide  parasite  d'une  mouche 
des    fruits    (Anastrepha    striata),    200,    xlvii,    203-214.      Richardson, 
C.  H. — A  new  braconid  of  the  genus  "Microdus"  from  Canada,  4, 

1913,  211-212.      Schrottky,    C. — La    distribucion    geografica   de    los 
himenopteros  Argentinos.  238,  Ixxv,  115-144,  180-224.     Strand,  E.— 
Ueber    exotische    schlupfwespen,    119,    1912,    Ab.    A,    H.    6,    24-25. 
Wagner,  H. — Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  Apion  fauna  Central-  und 
Sud-Amerikas,  II.  Theil,  119,  1912,  Ab.  A,  H.  2,  99-136.     Wheeler, 
W.    M.— Ants    collected    in    the    West    Indies,    153,    xxxii,    239-244. 
Zavattari,   E. — Bemerkungen   ueber   die   Neotropischen   Masariden, 
119,  Ab.  A,  H.  2,  58-65. 


ENTOMOLOGY  WITH  SPECIAL  REFERENCE  TO  ITS  BIOLOGICAL  AND  ECONOMIC 
ASPECTS.  By  JUSTUS  WATSON  FOLSOM,  Sc.D.,  Assistant  Professor 
of  Entomology  at  the  University  of  Illinois.  Second  Revised 
Edition.  *  With  four  plates  and  304  text-figures.  Philadelphia : 
P.  Blakiston's  Son  &  Co.,  1913.  Price  $2.25. 

The  second  revised  edition  of  this  well  and  favorably  known 
book  appears  as  a  thinner  volume  than  the  first  edition.  The  size  of 
the  page  remains  the  same,  but  the  type  form  is  5^  inch  longer  and 
Yz  inch  wider,  so  that,  in  spite  of  much  additional  matter,  although 
with  the  omission  of  one  chapter,  the  number  of  pages  is  reduced  from 
vii  +  485  to  vii  +  402.  The  paper  is  also  a  little  thinner. 

The  numbering  and  titles  of  the  chapters  remain  as  in  the  first 
edition  as  far  as  Chapter  VI  and  after  Chapter  X.  Chapter  VII  of  the 
first  edition,  "Origin  of  Adaptations  and  of  Species,"  is  omitted  in  the 
second.  Chapter  VIII,  of  the  former,  corresponds  to  No.  VI!  of  the 
latter.  Chapter  IX  of  the  first,  "Insects  in  Relation  to  Other  Animals," 
is  expanded  into  Chapters  VIII  and  IX  of  the  second  edition,  VIII 
having  the  same  title  as  the  former  IX,  while  the  new  IX  is  "Trans- 
mission of  Diseases  by  Insects." 

Numerous  additions  to  and  revisions  of  the  text  have  been  made,  as 
for  example  on  pages  5  (on  the  new  order  Protura),  51.  85,  m,  104-5, 
105-6,  117,  125,  165,  174,  187,  193,  198,  211,  269,  33.3.  336'  337-  °f  thc 
new  edition,  as  compared  with  the  corresponding  passages  of  the  old. 
The  interesting  colored  frontispiece  of  the  first  edition,  illustrating 
Protective  Mimicry  among  Butterflies,  has  gone.  Text-figures  167  and 


424  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov., '13 

271-3  are  new;  fig.  205  is  reduced  from  204  of  the  first  edition;  the 
total  number  is  thus  greater  by  four.  Some  of  these  illustrations  have 
suffered  sadly  in  the  printing,  such  as  15  (p.  9),  34  (p.  24),  199 

(p.  123). 

A  few  errors  of  the  first  edition  have  been  carried  over  into  the 
second,  as  the  statement  (p.  133)  that  the  seventeen-year  locust  moults 
about  twenty-five  or  thirty  times,  in  spite  of  Marlatt's  repeated  asser- 
tion (1898,  1907)  that  the  number  is  but  six,  and  the  use  of  "exuvia" 
for  "exuviae,"  on  the  same  page. 

Additions  have  been  made  to  each  section  of  the  very  useful  Bibli- 
ography at  the  end  of  the  book,  but  the  gaps  between  the  dates  cor- 
responding to  the  appearance  of  the  first  and  second  editions,  are  usu- 
ally marked  and  one  feels  that  the  author  has  not  been  able  to  observe 
a  uniformity  in  his  selection  of  titles  worthy  of  inclusion.  A  note- 
worthy omission,  both  in  the  bibliography  and  in  the  text  under  Geo- 
logical Distribution  and  under  Interrelations  of  the  Orders,  is  any 
reference  to  the  comprehensive  work  of  Handlirsch,  Die  Fossile  In- 
scktcn  (1906-08).  Escherich's  papers  on  Termites  and  especially  his 
useful  summary  Die  Termiten  ( 1909)  also  should  have  been  mentioned. 

A  notice  of  the  first  edition  of  Prof.  Folsom's  book  was  published 
in  the  NEWS  for  September,  1906  (vol.  xvii,  p.  226-3),  and  we  reaffirm 
what  was  said  there  as  to  its  excellence,  even  though  we  have  been 
compelled  to  point  out  some  minor  defects  in  the  new.1 — P.  P.  C.  (Ad- 
vertisement). 

FAUNA  HAWAIIENSIS,  or  the  Zoology  of  the  Sandwich  (Hawaiian) 
Isles :  Being  Results  of  the  Explorations  instituted  by  the  Joint 
Committee  appointed  by  The  Royal  Society  of  London  for  Pro- 
moting Natural  Knowledge  and  The  British  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  and  carried  on  with  the  assistance  of 
those  Bodies  and  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Bernice  Pauahi  Bishop 
Museum  at  Honolulu.  Edited  by  David  Sharp,  M.B.,  M.A.,  F.R.S., 
Secretary  of  the  Committee,  Cambridge.  At  the  University  Press. 
4to.,  Vol.  I,  Part  VI.  PREFACE  by  the  EDITOR,  INTRODUCTORY 
ESSAY  ON  THE  FAUNA  by  R.  C.  L.  PERKINS,  pp.  I— CCXXVIII, 
16  plates,  January  15,  1913.  (Rec'd  at  the  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila., 
July  7,  1913.) 

Dr.  Perkins  began  collecting  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  early  in  1892. 
Three  large  volumes,  now  brought  to  a  conclusion  by  his  Introductory 
Essay,  are  chiefly  based  on  the  results  of  his  field  labors  of  twenty 
years  and  form  a  noble  monument  to  his  industry  and  interest.  As  may 
be  seen  from  the  titles  of  the  parts  of  these  volumes,  listed  below,  the 
insects  have  come  in  for  by  far  the  major  part  of  his  attention.  His 
highly  interesting  essay  has  the  subtitle,  "A  Review  of  the  Land  Fauna 
of  Hawaiia,"  and  occupies  214  pages.  It  deals  with  the  general  fea- 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  425 

lures  of  the  islands,  the  general  aspect  of  the  flora  and  fauna,  his 
methods  of  collecting;  the  numher  of  species  of  insects,  introduced, 
immigrant  and  endemic;  causes  of  extinction,  distribution  by  natural 
agencies,  flightlessness ;  origin  of  the  fauna  and  species  formation.  This 
general  part  of  the  introduction  fills  59  pages,  the  remaining  155  being 
given  to  special  reviews  of  the  Hymenoptera,  Coleoptera,  Lepidoptera, 
Neuroptera,  Embiidae,  Termitidae,  Psocidae,  Odonata,  Diptera,  Hemip- 
tera,  Orthoptera,  Thysanura,  Collembola,  Myriopoda,  Arachnida,  Mol- 
lusca  and  Vermes. 

Notwithstanding  the  time  devoted  to  these  explorations,  Dr.  Perkins 
emphasizes  our  very  unequal  knowledge  of  the  fauna,  the  Diptera,  for 
example,  being  much  behind  the  aculeate  Hymenoptera.  The  total 
number  of  Hawaiian  species  of  insects  known  to  him  "is  about  3325,  but 
of  these  only  about  2740  can  be  considered  as  belonging  to  the  natural 
fauna."  He  thinks  "It  is  possible  that  half  the  number  of  existing 
species  of  insects  have  been  collected,  but  this  is  by  no  means  certain." 
These  "islands  are  much  richer  in  species  than  has  been  supposed  and 
the  scarcity  of  individuals  of  species  exaggerated."  (pp.  xxxvii-xli). 

The  interrelations  of  the  plants  and  insects  are  very  intimate,  as  is 
shown  by  the  fact  that  the  .endemic  species  are  chiefly  to  be  found  in 
the  true  forest  belt,  which  exists  at  elevations  varying  from  1200  to 
3000  feet  and  whose  two  most  characteristic  members  are  the  Koa 
(Acacia  koa)  and  Ohia  (Mctrosiderus)  trees.  Much  of  the  forest 
has  been  destroyed,  largely  by  cattle,  and  with  it  much  of  the  endemic 
fauna,  but  it  is  cheering  to  know  that  this  loss  is  now  being  realized 
and  measures  taken  to  prevent  its  becoming  total  (pp.  xxvii,  xxx). 

A  very  large  number  of  Hawaiian  insects  have  either  one  or  both 
pairs  of  wings  functionless  for  flight,  or  entirely  wanting.  Examples 
are  known  among  the  Lepidoptera,  Diptera,  Hymenoptera,  Hemiptera, 
Neuroptera,  Orthoptera  and  Coleoptera.  Dr.  Perkins  believes  that  all 
these  are  "to  be  explained  simply  by  'disuse'  "  (pp.  xlviii-lii). 

His  view  of  the  present  Hawaiian  fauna  is  that  it  "cannot  be  said 
to  belong  to  any  of  the  great  faunistic  regions  of  the  globe ;  it  contains 
most  important  elements  derived  from  the  Oriental  region,  from  the 
Australian  and  from  the  Neotropical  or  at  least  from  the  warmer  parts 
of  America,  and  it  cannot  be  considered  as  even  belonging  chiefly  to 
any  one  of  these  regions.  On  present  information  it  is  decidedly  not 
Polynesian"  (p.  Ixx).  It  "is  derived  from  waifs  and  strays  from  all 
directions.  At  rare  intervals  from  the  Eocene  till  now  chance  immi- 
grants have  arrived.  Some  have  been  able  to  establish  themselves, 
many  more  probably,  even  after  a  landing  has  been  effected,  have 
failed.  Those  that  have  been  successful  and  have  found  congenial 
conditions  have  often  thriven  amazingly,  giving  rise  to  hosts  of  de- 
scendant species,  as  they  have  become  adapted  to,  or  become  modified 
by,  diverse  conditions"  (p.  Ix).  Illustrations  are  the  chalcid  En[>cl- 


426  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov., '13 

inns,  54  species,  (pp.  Ixxvi,  Ixxviii),  the  Cerambycids  Clytarlus,  14  spp., 
and  Plagithmysus,  33  spp.,  the  latter  often  mistaken  by  non-entomolo- 
gists for  crickets  or  grasshoppers  (pp.  cxvi-cxix),  the  Selidosemid  moth 
Scotorythra,  34  spp.,  and  its  allies  (p.  cl),  the  Hemerobiid  Nesomicro- 
mus,  22  spp.,  the  Chrysopid  Anomalochrysa,  29  spp.,  and  the  peculiar 
Odonata  referred  to  Agrion,  26  spp.,  (p.  clxxi).  A  fuller  list  is  given 
on  p.  lii. 

Although  our  author  remarks  :  "The  absence  of  gaily  colored  native 
butterflies  or  diurnal  moths  prevents  the  insects  from  making  any 
conspicuous  showing.  It  is  doubtful  whether  to  ordinary  observers 
there  is,  excepting  the  fine  Pyrameis  tammeamca,  a  single  insect  that 
would  be  considered  beautiful"  (p.  xxxi),  the  Hawaiian  insects,  never- 
theless, present  some  interesting  color-phenomena.  Thus,  the  "general 
tendency  to  blackness  of  the  Hawaiian  Aculeata  as  a  whole  is  one  of 
their  most  remarkable  features."  The  wasps  of  the  genus  Odyncrus 
(s.  1.),  however,  show  many  instances  of  conspicuous  red  or  yellow 
markings.  If  they  be  divided  up  into  a  number  of  color  groups,  "these 
are  entirely  different  from  groups  based  on  structure  and  real  affinity. . 
.  .these  color  groups  occur  on  each  island  and  some  of  them,  indeed, 
are  only  found  on  one  of  the  islands"  (p.  xciii).  Although  this  in- 
stance is  similar  to  those  commonly  referred  to  mimicry,  Dr.  Perkins 
thinks  that  neither  this  nor  any  other  explanation  yet  suggested  is 
satisfactory. 

Species  of  the  moth  Scotorythra  mentioned  above  are  sometimes 
present  in  immense  numbers  and  their  larvae,  by  defoliating  the  trees, 
suffer  from  famine.  "Native  birds  attracted  in  thousands  by  the 
abundance  of  [the  larvae],  one  of  their  favorite  foods,'  were  gorged 
to  repletion,  and  the  starving  caterpillars  formed  writhing  masses  on 
the  ground  beneath  the  tall  Koa  trees.  The  dropping  of  excrement 
from  the  trees  on  the  dead  leaves  beneath  made  a  rattling  noise  as  of 
a  hailstorm"  (p.  cli). 

"Stegomyia  fasciata  and  scutellaris  are  well-known  to  all  inhabitants 
as  the  'day-mosquito'  "  and  a  case  of  yellow  fever  has  been  reported 
(p.  clxxxi).  The  Sarcophagids  Dyscritomyia,  and  Prosthetochacta  pass 
their  larval  stages  in  dead  land  Mollusca  such  as  the  famous  Achati- 
nellas  (p.  clxxxvi).  There  are  no  endemic  Muscidae,  but  a  number 
of  foreign  representatives  (p.  clxxxvii). 

The  majority  of  the  Orthoptera  are  introduced,  most  of  the  native 
species  being  crickets,  one  of  which  (Paratrigonidiiim)  is  responsible 
for  the  song  credited  by  the  natives  to  Achatinclla  (p.  ccxxv).  The 
endemicity  of  the  spiders  is  greater  than  that  known  in  any  other 
country  (ccxi). 

These  scattered  extracts  will  give  some  idea  of  the  many  interesting 
topics  touched  on  and  discussed  in  Dr.  Perkins'  Essay.  The  accom- 
panying plates  contain  likenesses  of  Chas.  R.  Bishop,  W.  H.  Flower, 


\rO\.  XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  427 

Alfred  Newton  and  F.  D.  Godman,  associated  with  this  work,  relief 
maps  of  six  of  the  Hawaiian  islands,  four  landscapes  and  four  colored 
plates  of  birds  of  the  genus  Oreomyza,  of  Orthoptera,  Coleoptera  and 
Hymenoptera  discussed  in  the  Introduction.  Following  is  the  list  of 
contents  of  the  whole  work  : 

Vol.  I.  Part  I.  Hymenoptera  Aculeata. — By  R.  C.  L.  Perkins  and 
Auguste  Forel,  pp.  1-122,  2  pis.,  map.  March  20,  1899.  Part  II. 
Macrolepidoptera. — By  E.  Meyrick,  pp.  123-275,  5  pis.  June  8,  1899. 
Part  III.  Hymenoptera  Parasitica. — By  W.  H.  Ashmead,  pp.  277-364, 
2  pis.  August  i,  1901.  Part  IV.  Vertebrata. — By  R.  C.  L.  Perkins, 
PP-  365-466.  November  19,  1903.  Part  V.  Microlepidoptera. — By  Lord 
Walsingham,  pp.  469-759,  16  pis.  December  i,  1907. 

Vol.  II.  Part  I.  Orthoptera. — By  R.  C.  L.  Perkins,  pp.  1-30,  2  pis. 
August  19,  1899.  Neuroptera.— By  the  same,  pp.  31-89,  3  pis.  Septem- 
ber 25,  1899.  Part  III.  Coleoptera  I.— By  D.  Sharp  and  R.  C.  L.  Perkins, 
pp.  91-270,  5  pis.  February  8,  1900.  Part  IV.  Mollusca. — By  .E.  R. 
Sykes ;  Earthworms  by  F.  E.  Beddard ;  Entozoa  by  A.  E.  Shipley,  pp. 
271-441,  4  pis.  May  19,  1900.  Part  V.  Arachnida  by  E.  Simon,  Crusta- 
cea Isopoda  by  A.  Dollfus,  Crustacea  Amphipoda  by  T.  R.  R.  Stebbing, 
pp.  443-530,  7  pis.  October  17,  1900.  Part  VI.  Supplement  to  Hemip- 
tera. — By  G.  W.  Kirkaldy,  to  Hymenoptera,  Orthoptera,  Neuroptera 
and  Diptera  by  R.  C.  L.  Perkins,  pp.  531-700.  December  17,  1910. 

Vol.  III.  Part  I.  Diptera. — By  P.  H.  Grimshaw,  pp.  1-77,  3  pis. 
December  30,  1901.  Part  II.  Diptera  (supplement)  by  the  same  and  P. 
Speiser;  Hemiptera  by  G.  W.  Kirkaldy,  pp.  79-174.  2  pis.  December  23, 
1902.  Part  III.  Coleoptera  II. — By  D.  Sharp,  pp.  175-292,  2  pis.  April 
9,  1903.  Part  IV.  Thysanura  and  Myriopoda. — By  F.  Silvestri ;  Collem- 
bola  by  G.  H.  Carpenter,  Mallophaga  by  V.  L.  Kellogg  and  B.  L. 
Chapman;  Arachnida  (supplement)  by  E.  Simon;  Macrolepidoptera 
(supplement)  by  E.  Meyrick,  pp.  293-366,  5  pis.  April  9,  1904. 
Part  V.  Coleoptera  III. — By  D.  Sharp  and  H.  Scott,  pp.  367-579,  4  pis. 
December  18,  1908.  Part  VI.  Coleoptera  IV.— By  R.  C.  L.  Perkins, 
H.  Scott  and  D.  Sharp,  Strepsiptera  by  R.  C.  L.  Perkins ;  Thysanoptera 
by  R.  S.  Bagnall ;  Acarina  by  N.  D.  F.  Pearce,  pp.  581-704,  3  pis.  De- 
cember 17,  1910. — P.  P.  C. 


Doings  of  Societies. 

FELDMAN  COLLECTING  SOCIAL. 

Meeting  of  May  2ist,  1913,  at  1523  South  Thirteenth  Street, 
Philadelphia.  Eleven  members  were  present,  President  Haim- 
bach  in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Wenzel,  Jr.,  said  that  on  several  trips  to  the  Philadel- 
phia Neck  last  fall  all  the  Cecropia  cocoons  observed  were 


428  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

gathered.  From  these  within  the  last  month  he  had  reared 
many  parasites  which  include  Diptera  (Tachina)  and  several 
species  of  Hymenoptera ;  one  species  of  the  latter  was  hyper- 
parasitized.  The  chrysalids  of  a  species  of  moth  had  been 
found  between  the  cocoons  proper  and  the  outer  covering. 
These  had  also  emerged  and  were  identified  by  Mr.  Haimbach 
as  Phlyctaenia  tertialis  Guen. 

Mr.  Daecke  exhibited  his  collection  of  Tortricidse,  which  in- 
cluded Pennsylvania  specimens  of  Rhyacionia  icenzeli  Kearf. 

Mr.  Wenzel  exhibited  a  specimen  of  the  beautiful  Carabus 
vietingJioz'i  Adams,  from  Alaska.  Said  he  had  been  to  Mal- 
aga, N.  J.,  May  5,  and  had  taken  the  usual  spring  forms,  also 
five  specimens  of  Buprestis  ultramarina  Say. 

Mr.  George  M.  Greene  exhibited  a  specimen  of  the  weevil, 
Peritaxia  hispida  Horn,  from  Cisco,  Eastland  County,  Texas, 
September  21,  '12  (altitude  1450-1550  feet),  from  the  Rehn 
and  Hebard  material.  This  was  fastened  to  a  blade  of  grass 
by  a  silken  band  about  the  middle  of  the  body,  presumably  by 
a  spider.  The  back  of  the  insect  was  towards  the  grass. 

Dr.  Castle  said  he  had  been  to  Pine  Beach,  New  Jersey,  but 
the  weather  was  so  cold  that  collecting  was  poor. 

Mr.  Kaeber  said  that  Lachnosterna  had  been  attracted  to 
light  in  great  numbers  the  evening  of  May  i/th. 

A  paper  was  read  from  the  April  number  of  Outdoor  World 
and  Recreation  on  "The  winter  home  of  the  Monarch  Butter- 
fly," by  Lucia  Shepardson.  This  was  a  very  interesting  ac- 
count of  the  migration  of  this  species,  Anosia  plexippus. 

Adjourned  to  the  annex. 


Meeting  of  June  18,  1913,  at  1523  South  Thirteenth  Street, 
Philadelphia.  Eleven  members  were  present,  three  visitors. 
President  Haimbach  in  the  chair. 

Mr.  Daecke  exhibited  a  box  of  miscellaneous  material  col- 
lected by  himself  at  Rockville,  Pa.,  June  I,  1913,  including 
124  specimens  of  75  species.  He  recorded  a  southern  species 
of  Lepidoptera,  Thecla  m-album  Bd.-LeC.,  from  Rockville, 
Pa.,  April  24,  1913. 


Vol.  Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  429 

Mr.  George  M.  Greene  exhibited  two  specimens  of  Gnorhnus 
maculosus  Knoch  (Col.)  from  Overbrook,  Pa.,  June  I,  1913, 
and  June  15,  1913,  These  were  taken  accidentally  (as  all 
specimens  of  this  species  seem  to  be),  one  on  a  rail  fence  and 
the  other  on  a  cement  walk.  The  only  other  specimen  he  had 
taken  was  on  a  doorstep,  Philadelphia,  M'ay  8,  1894.  Speci- 
mens of  Arotes  auioenns  Cress,  and  I b alia  maculipennis  Hald. 
(Hym.)  were  also  shown.  These  were  common  on  dead  oak 
and  beech,  June  i  and  June  15,  1913,  in  Overbrook  woods.  A 
specimen  of  Calosoina  frigiditm  Kirby  (Col.),  Boonton,  N.  J., 
May  30,  1901,  was  also  exhibited,  all  collected  by  himself. 

'Mr.  Haimbach  exhibited  a  box  of  moths  which  he  had  col- 
lected at  night  on  his  "farm"  at  Upper  Roxborough.  There 
were  305  specimens,  of  which  75  were  taken  in  one  night. 
These  included  the  following  which  were  specially  pointed  out 
to  the  members:  Acronycta,  2  sp. ;  Mamestra  lorca  Guen., 
Xylina  laticinerea  Grt.,  Erastria  conciiina  macula  Guen.  and 
var.  parvwnaculata  Grt.,  Nerice  bidcntata  Walk.,  Hydri- 
cmena  •multifcrata  Walk.,  Anaplodes  iridaria  Guen.,  Erippc 
pnmifoliella  Cham.,  Tmetocera  occllana  Sell,  and  Deprcssaria 
sp. 

Mr.  Wenzel  exhibited  and  recorded  three  species  of  Lina 
(Col.)  which  he  said  were  very  common  on  willow  at  Castle 
Rock,  Pa.,  June  8;  L.  tremulae  Fabr.,  L.  scripta  Fabr.  and  L. 
lapponica  Linn. ;  the  former  was  never  recorded  from  this  vi- 
cinity except  as  accidental.  Other  Coleoptera  from  the  same 
locality  and  date  were:  Antlia.ria  riridifrons  Lap.,  Sapcrda 
iinifans  Joutel,  S.  discoidca  Fabr.,  .V.  lateral  is  Fabr.  and  5".  con- 
co'cr  Le  C.  (the  workings  in  willow  of  the  latter  were  also 
shown).  Helluomorpha  nigripennis  Dej.,  Malaga,  X.  ].,  May 
25  (2  specimens)  and  Hclops  gracilis  I'.land,  Da  Costa,  N. 
J..  May  30, 

Mr.  Kaeber  exhibited  a  specimen 'of  C\chnis  viditits  Dcj. 
(Col.)  which  he  had  collected  at  Castle  Rock,  Pa.,  June  i, 
1913;  Gnorimns  macnlosns  Knocb,  Media.  T\i.  May  24.  Cryp- 
torhynchus  parochus  Hbst.,  Media.  May  24  (on  oak),  Acun- 
Moderns  dccipicns  I  laid..  South  Philadelphia,  June  15  (on 


430  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

oak),  Xylotrechus  colonns  Fabr.,  South  Philadelphia,  June  15 
(on  oak),  Elapliidion  parallelism  Newm.,  South  Philadelphia, 
June  15  (on  oak)  and  Bolboceras  farctus  Fabr.,  Castle  Rock, 
Pa.,  June  i,  1913.  Also  a  specimen  of  Diptera :  Oncodes  cos- 
tatus  Loevv,  Castle  Rock,  Pa.,  June  i,  1913. 
Adjourned  to  the  annex. 

GEORGE  M.  GREENE,  Secretary. 


AMERICAN   ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY. 

Meeting  of  April  24,  1913.  Dr.  Philip  P.  Calvert,  presi- 
dent, in  the  chair;  seven  persons  were  present. 

Mr.  Rehn  made  some  remarks  on  the  genus  Dichopetala 
and  exhibited  the  known  species.  The  anatomical  features 
of  the  species  were  pointed  out  in  conjunction  with  their  spe- 
cific characters.  They  all  live  in  thorny  or  tangled  thickets. 
There  are  fourteen  species,  of  which  three  were  previously 
know  and  eleven  are  new.  Of  the  old  species,  two  types 
are  in  Vienna  and  one  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  Of  the  new 
forms,  seven  types  are  in  Philadelphia,  three  in  Cambridge 
and  one  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  in  New 
York.  Of  three  of  the  new  forms  the  only  material  was 
taken  by  Rehn  and  Hebard  in  1912  and  also  a  large  series  of 
three  others.  Seven  species  are  Mexican  only,  five  from  the 
United  States  only  and  two  from  Mexico  and  the  United 
Stales. 

Dr.  Calvert  discussed  the  terms  nymph,  larva  and  pupa  and 
considered  their  possible  differentiation  and  limitations. 

Mr.  Williams  exhibited  some  very  interesting  drawings  of 
various  European  and  exotic  insects,  purchased  from  a  book 
dealer  in  London.  They  were  the  work  of  Petiver  and  others 
and  dated  from  about  1809. 

Mr.  Laurent  referred  to  an  article  on  Anosia  ple.vippiis 
published  in  The  Outdoor  JTorld  for  April,  in  relation  to  its 
habits  of  assembling  and  migrating  and  settling  on  pine  trees 
at  Pacific  Grove,  Cal.  Mr.  Rehn  said  the  Monterey  Peninsula 
was  quite  cold  and  that  there  are  many  warmer  places  in 
California,  and  why  these  butterflies  select  the  place  men- 


Vol.  xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  43! 

tioned  does  not  seem  clear.  Dr.  Calvert  suggested  that  a 
series  of  observations  on  these  migrations  should  be  made  in 
the  same  way  that  the  birds  are  studied. 

* 

Meeting  of  June  9,  1913.  Dr.  Philip  P.  Calvert,  president, 
in  the  chair ;  eight  persons  were  present. 

Mr.  Laurent  said  he  had  raised  Paratcnodcra  sinensis  to 
see  how  many  nymphs  would  be  produced  from  each  egg- 
mass.  They  produced  as  follows:  150  from  the  smallest  and 
300  from  the  largest.  Each  mass  was  kept  in  a  separate  box. 

Mr.  A.  N.  Caudell,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  said  Stagmoman- 
tis  Carolina  varied  greatly  in  abundance  in  the  vicinity  of  Wash- 
ington in  different  years.  During  some  years  it  was  quite 
difficult  to  find  any  specimens  of  this  species.  He  referred 
to  a  small  collection  of  Orthoptera  made  in  north  Peru,  east 
of  the  Andes,  and  nearly  all  proved  to  be  new.  Another  col- 
lection from  just  over  the  divide  did  not  show  nearly  as  many 
new  forms.  This  shows  a  nlarked  geographical  barrier. 

He  also  spoke  of  his  method  of  keeping  types  in  Riker 
mounts  and  explained  its  utility,  and  said  the  safety  of  the 
type  preserved  in  this  way  appealed  to  him.  Mr.  Rehn  said 
the  thing  one  wished  to  see  in  a  Riker  mount  was  usually 
covered  up.  He  also  objected  to  cotton  in  contact  writh  a 
dry  specimen. 

Mr.  Rehn  made  some  remarks  on  the  geographical  distri- 
tribution  of  the  genus  Arethaea,  nine  species  of  which  are 
found  in  the  arid  and  semi-arid  region  of  Texas.  There  is 
an  isolated  form  found  in  Florida.  He  spoke  of  the  com- 
parative anatomy  of  the  genus  in  relation  to  their  systematic 
differentiation.  The  group  characters  were  also  explained. 

,Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  stated  that  Mr.  E.  G.  Vanatta  had 
reared  Scenopinus  glabrifrons  from  the  Mediterranean  Flour 
Moth,  Ephestia  kuehnldla. 

Dr.  Calvert  exhibited  a  female  specimen  of  Tetrayoncuria 
(Odonata)  arrested  in  transformation,  which  he  had  found 
on  a  wooden  post  on  the  bank  of  the  Rancocas  Creek,  above 
Mt.  Holly,  N.  J.,  June  3,  1913.  The  wings  of  the  right  side, 
were  still  partly  within  the  wing-pads  of  the  exuvia  and  so 
held  the  imago  fast ;  the  wings  of  the  left  side  were  free  but 
not  completely  expanded.  When  found,  the  insect  was  able 
to  move  its  legs  and  the  left  wings ;  the  bead,  thorax  and 
abdomen  were  well  formed  and  well  colored.  Four  ants,  how- 
ever, were  engaged  in  feeding  on  the  abdomen,  so  that  only 
the  first  five  segments  were  intact,  the  others  being  more  or 
less  destroyed.  The  ants  were  secured  and  had  been  com- 


432  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Nov.,  '13 

pared  by  the  speaker  with  specimens  in  the  Academy's  collec- 
tion determined  by  Professor  Wheeler ;  they  appeared  to  be 
Formica  schaufussi  Mayr.  var.  incerta  Emery.  Cases  where 
Odonata  have  survived  for  some  time  the  loss  of  terminal 
abdominal  segments  have  been  previously  recorded,  as  for  ex- 
ample, by  the  speaker  in  the  Transactions  of  this  Society, 
Vol.  xx,  p.  193.  The  present  observation  is  also  of  interest 
in  recalling  another  source  of  danger  to  which  these  insects 
are  exposed  at  the  critical  period  of  metamorphosis. 

Dr.  Calvert  also  exhibited  about  two  hundred  Coleoptera 
which  he  had  incidentally  picked  up  in  Costa  Rica. 

HENRY  SKINNER,  Secretary. 

OBITUARY. 

HERBERT  DRUCE. 

The  death  of  Mr.  Herbert  Druce  was  announced  at  the  May 
(1913)  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London.  He 
v:as  born  July  14,  1846,  and  is  chiefly  known  as  the  author  of 
the  section  Lepidoptera  Heterocera  (excluding  the  micros) 
of  the  Biologia  Centrali- Americana,  two  volumes  of  text  and 
one  of  plates,  published  1881-1900,  enumerating  3,639  species. 
Brief  obituary  notices  appeared  in  The  Entomologist  for  June, 
1913,  and  The  Entomologist's  Record  for  June  15.  The  dis- 
position of  his  collections  was  mentioned  in  the  NEWS  for  Oc- 
tober, page  374. 

DR.  AUGUSTE  P'UTON. 

Dr.  Auguste  Puton,  author  of  works  on  the  Hemiptera, 
member  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  France  since  1856 
and  the  dean  of  its  honorary  members,  died  at  Remiremont 
April  8,  1913.  (Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  1913,  No.  8.) 

i 

PROF.  FRITZ  WACHTL. 

Fritz  Wachtl,  one  of  the  five  founders  of  the  Wiener  Ento- 
mologische  Zeitung  and  for  nineteen  years  an  editor  thereof, 
died  March  4,  1913.  Born  in  Breitau,  Moravia,  July  18,  1840, 
he  entered  the  forestry  service  and  became  Professor  of  Forest 
Conservation  and  Forest  Entomology  in  the  Agricultural  High 
School  in  Vienna  in  1895.  His  entomological  publications, 
which  are  listed  in  a  biographical  notice  in  the  Zeitung  for 
July  15,  1913,  (xxxii,  7-9),  dealt  largely  with  forest  insects. 

DR.  PAOLO  MAGRETTI. 

The  death  of  this  Hymenopterist  at  Cascina  Amata  di  Pa- 
clerno  Dugnano,  Italy,  on  August  30,  1913,  is  announced. 


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BROCK  BROS.,  Harvard  Square,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
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CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  NATURAL 
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Volume  I. — No.  i. — Revision  of  the  Cossidae.  35  pp.,  7  plates $1.50 

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ENT.  NEWS,  Voi,.  XXIV. 


Plate'  XV. 


DR.    PHILIP    REESE    UHLER. 


. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION 

ACADEMY   OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES,    PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL.  XXIV. 


DECEMBER,   1913. 


No.   10. 


CONTENTS: 


Howard— Philip  Reese  Uhler,  LL.D...  433 
Alexander— The  Neotropical  Tipulidae 
in  the  Hungarian  National  Museum 

(Diptera)— II 439 

Notice  to  Authors  449 

Skinner— A  new  Argynnis  from  Utah 

(Lepid. ) 450 

Lectures  on  Insects 450 

Hebard — A  new  North  American  genus 
belonging  to  the  Group  Nemobiites 

(Orthoptera.  Gryllidae) 451 

Ewing — A  new  Parasite  of  the  House 

Fly  (Acarina,  Gamasoidea) 452 

Crane-flies  and  Sweets  (Diptera) 456 

Girault— Three  new  Genera  of  Chalci- 
doid  Hymenoptera  from  Queens- 
land   457 

Schroers— Heterocera  in  and  around  St. 

Louis,  Missouri  ( Lep. ) 406 

Weiss — Aesthetic  Appreciation  in  En- 
tomology   464 


A  Course  in  Applied  Entomology 465 

Plates  of  Diptera  and  Hymenoptera...  465 

Editorial — The  Annual  Entomological 
Meetings 466 

Knab— The  Lepidopterous  Caterpillar 
in  the  Bromeliad  from  Costa  Rica  467 

A  Sealed  Paper  Carton  to  Protect  Cer- 
eals from  Insect  Attack 467 

Bethune  and  MacGillivray — Announce- 
ment of  the  Eighth  Annual  Meet- 
ing of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  America 468 

Parrott  and  Burgess— The  Twenty- 
sixth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Economic  Ento- 
mologists    469 

Entomological  Literature '. . . .  470 

Entomological  Section,  Acad.  Nat.  Sci., 
Phila.  (Odon.,  Dipt.,  Orth.,  Lep.)  477 

Obituary — Alfred  G.  Hammar 480 

Alfred  Russel  Wallace 480 


Philip  Reese  Uhler,  LL.D. 

(Portrait,  Plate  XV,  from  a  photograph  taken  November  17,  1911.) 

These  men  of  the  old  school  were  lovers  of  nature.  They  knew 
nature,  as  a  whole,  rather  than  as  a  fragment  or  a  succession  of  frag- 
ments. They  were  not  made  in  Germany  or  anywhere  else,  and  their 
work  was  done  because  they  loved  it,  because  the  impulse  within 
would  not  let  them  do  otherwise  than  work,  and  their  training,  partly 
their  own,  partly  responsible  to  their  source  of  inspiration,  was  made 
to  fit  their  own  purposes.  If  these  men  went  to  Germany,  as  many 
of  them  did,  it  was  for  inspiration,  not  for  direction ;  not  to  sit  through 
lectures,  not  to  dig  in  some  far-off  corner  of  knowledge,  not  to  stand 
through  a  doctor's  examination  in  a  dress  coat  with  a  major  and  two 
minors,  not  to  be  encouraged  magna  cum  laudc  to  undertake  a  scien- 
tific career.  The  career  was  fixed  by  heredity  and  early  environment. 
Nothing  could  head  them  off  and  they  took  orders  from  no  one  as  to 
what  they  should  do,  or  what  they  should  reach  as  conclusions.  They 
did  not  work  for  a  career — many  of  them  found  none — but  for  the 


433 


434  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

love  of  work.  They  were  filled  with  a  rampant  exuberant  individuality 
which  took  them  wherever  they  pleased  to  go.  They  followed  no  set 
fashions  in  biology.  Such  methods  as  they  had  were  their  own, 
wrought  out  by  their  own  strength.  They  were  dependent  upon  neither 
libraries  nor  equipment,  though  they  struggled  for  both.  Not  facilities 
for  work,  but  endeavor  to  work,  if  need  be  without  facilities,  gave  them 
strength,  and  their  strength  was  as  the  strength  of  ten. 

These  words  of  Dr.  David  Starr  Jordan  apply  well  to  the 
American  naturalists  of  the  period  when  there  was  actively  at 
work  in  this  country  what  has  been  termed  the  second  genera- 
tion of  distinguished  American  entomologists.  This  group 
consisted  of  Le  Conte,  Horn,  Packard,  Scudder,  Cresson, 
Uhler  and  Grote.  Le  Conte  was  the  oldest  of  the  group ;  was 
born  in  1825,  living  and  working  for  58  years.  Uhler,  born 
ten  years  later  than  Le  Conte,  lived  to  be  78  years  of  age. 
Scudder,  born  two  years  later  than  Uhler,  died  at  the  age  of 
74.  Cresson,  born  a  year  later  than  Scudder,  is  the  only  sur- 
vivor of  the  group  and  has  now  reached  the  age  of  75.  Pack- 
ard, born  the  year  after  Cresson,  lived  for  66  years.  Horn, 
born  still  a  year  later,  lived  for  57  years ;  and  Grote,  still  a 
year  later,  died  at  the  age  of  62.  Think  what  the  work  of 
this  group  of  men  did  for  North  American  entomology ! 

Philip  Reese  Uhler,  who  passed  away  at  his  home  in  Balti- 
more, October  2ist,  1913,  was  a  man  of  great  culture  and 
charm,  an  indefatigable  worker,  and  a  typical  naturalist  at  the 
period  of  his  ripe  manhood.  He  was  born  in  Baltimore,  June 
3,  1835.  He  was  son  of  George  Washington  Uhler,  a  well-to- 
do  and  philanthropic  merchant  of  that  city,  and  of  Anna  Maria 
(Reese)  Uhler.  His  great  grandfather,  Erasmus  Uhler,  came 
to  America  from  England  and  served  as  a  private  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary army ;  and  his  maternal  great  grandfather  was  a 
Captain  on  the  American  side  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  In 
the  second  war  with  England,  his  paternal  and  maternal  grand- 
fathers were  both  actively  engaged  in  the  battle  of  North 
Point,  in  which  the  latter,  Captain  John  Reese,  was  wounded. 

Doctor  Uhler  received  his  early  education  at  Baltimore  Col- 
lege and  at  the  latin  school  of  Daniel  Jones.  He  was  inter- 
ested in  natural  history  as  a  boy,  and  began  to  collect  at  an 


Vol.   xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  435 

early  age.  When  he  was  ten  years  old  his  father  bought  a 
farm  near  Reisterstown,  and  it  was  here  that  he  acquired  his 
fondness  for  the  study  of  insect  life.  His  interest  in  insects 
was  discovered  and  encouraged  by  J.  F.  Wild,  a  German  ento- 
mologist, and  by  the  Rev.  John  G.  Morris,  pastor  of  the  First 
English  Lutheran  Church,  which  Doctor  Uhler's  grandfather 
helped  to  found.  In  1863,  at  the  age  of  twenty-eight  years,  he 
was  appointed  Assistant  Librarian  of  the  Peabody  Library,  and 
early  in  1864  went  to  Cambridge  at  the  call  of  Louis  Agassiz. 
He  was  paid  for  his  services  as  assistant  to  Professor  Agassiz 
and  as  Librarian  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  and 
taught  entomology  to  some  of  the  undergraduates.  He  also 
gave  a  series  of  lectures  on  entomology  in  the  lecture  room 
of  the  M.  C.  Z.  He  was  also  at  the  same  time  a  regularly  en- 
tered student  in  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School  of  Harvard 
University,  attending  Louis  Agassiz's  lectures  in  zoology  and 
geology  from  the  spring  of  1864  to  the  end  of  the  first  term 
in  1867.  He  attended  also  lectures  by  Asa  Gray,  Jeffries  Wy- 
man,  Alexander  Agassiz,  and  N.  S.  Shaler.  At  the  end  of 
the  first  term,  in  1867,  he  was  called  away  from  Cambridge 
rather  suddenly,  when  Professor  Louis  Agassiz  was  in  a  very 
helpless  condition  and  unable  to  give  Uhler  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Science,  which  he  was  entirely  qualified  to  receive. 
The  degree,  however,  was  later  given  to  him  by  the  Univer- 
sity. Among  his  papers  is  a  most  appreciative  note  received 
from  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  just  before  he  retired  from 
the  work  at  Harvard. 

Before  he  went  to  Harvard,  Uhler  had  become  a  member 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  (1858), 
and  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Philadelphia  (1859).  He 
had  published  a  number  of  systematic  papers  on  Coleoptera, 
Neuroptera,  and  Hemiptera,  and  had  translated  for  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  and  edited  (with  the  assistance  of  Osten 
Sacken)  Hagen's  elaborate  Synopsis  of  the  Neuroptera  of 
North  America,  published  by  the  Smithsonian  in  1861.  It  was 
this  early  work  which  attracted  the  attention  of  the  elder 
Agassiz. 


436  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

While  at  Cambridge,  Uhler  met  among  others  Albert  S. 
Bickmore,  and  together  they  discussed  plans  for  the  founding 
of  a  great  natural  history  museum  in  New  York  City.  Writing 
to  Uhler  May  7,  1867,  from  Japan,  Bickmore  says,  "I  have 
by  no  means  forgotten  our  favorite  hopes  to  see  a  great  mu- 
seum erected  in  New  York,  and  have  been  doing  all  I  could 
in  this  distant  quarter  to  forward  our  plans." 

After  leaving  Harvard  Uhler  returned  to  Baltimore  to 
become  Assistant  Librarian  of  the  Peabody  Library,  and  in 
1870  was  made  Librarian,  and  there  he  spent  the  rest  of  his 
life.  Mrs.  Uhler  considers  that  his  great  work  is  the  catalog 
of  the  Library,  which  is  indeed  a  model.  While  his  main  work 
was  in  the  Peabody  Institute,  he  continued  practically  all  his 
life  his  entomological  investigations,  and  interested  himself  in 
many  other  matters.  He  was  a  student  of  geology  and  wrote 
several  important  geological  papers.  He  gave  much  help  at 
the  time  of  the  forming  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  and 
was  the  first  associate  professor  appointed  in  the  University, 
and  in  this  capacity  was  connected  with  the  institution  until  the 
time  of  his  death.  His  life  was  the  quiet  and  uneventful  one 
of  a  student ;  his  profound  modesty  kept  him  in  the  back- 
ground, and  he  disliked  what  he  termed  "cheap  notoriety." 
Like  nearly  all  great  naturalists,  he  was  a  most  helpful  man; 
no  worker  appealed  to  him  in  vain,  and  to  many  he  was  of  the 
greatest  help.  He  was  broadly  read,  and  possessed  an  aston- 
ishing memory.  Mrs.  Uhler  tells  me  that  in  the  summer  of 
1893  he  went  abroad  and  purchased  for  the  Peabody  Library 
about  twenty  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  books.  They  were 
bought  without  the  aid  of  lists,  since  he  trusted  to  his  memory 
of  the  books  already  in  the  library,  and  when  the  accessions 
were  finally  catalogued  it  was  found  that  he  had  bought  but 
three  duplicates  of  those  previouslv  possessed. 

Doctor  Uhler  was  married  in  1867  to  Miss  Sophia  Werde- 
baugh,  who  died  in  1884.    One  son  came  from  this  marriage- 
Horace  Scudder  Uhler,  who  is  now  Professor  of  Physics  at 
Yale.     In  1886  he  married  Miss  Pearl  Daniels,  of  Baltimore, 
who  was  a  true  helpmeet  to  him  and  who  survives.     Of  this 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  437 

marriage  there  was  one  daughter,  Miss  Miriam  D.  Uhler,  now 
a  student  at  Goucher  College  in  Baltimore. 

Uhler 's  publishing  career  began  in  1855,  and  his  first  papei; 
was  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia  under  the  title  "Descriptions  of  a  Few 
Species  of  Coleoptera  supposed  to  be  New."  His  next  paper 
(1857),  also  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy,  was 
entitled  "A  Contribution  to  the  Neuropterology  of  the  United 
States,"  and  this  was  followed  the  next  year  by  another  paper 
on  Neuroptera.  His  first  publication  on  the  Hemiptera  was 
published  in  1860,  and  was  a  report  on  the  Hemiptera  of  the 
North  Pacific  Exploring  Expedition,  also  published  in  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Academy.  From  that  time  on  his  ento- 
mological papers  related  almost  entirely  to  the  Hemiptera,  and 
of  these  there  was  a  careful  list  published  by  Samuel  Henshaw 
in  Psyche,  Volume  X,  1903.  There  is  a  long  list  of  papers 
relating  to  collections  made  in  the  surveys  of  the  western  ter- 
ritories, and  it  was  the  habit  of  collectors  and  institutions  for 
many  years  to  send  all  of  their  Hemiptera  to  him  for  study 
and  report.  He  described  many  new  forms,  and  had  a  broad 
comprehensive  view  of  the  whole  heterogeneous  group.  How 
firm  a  grasp  he  had  of  the  whole  subject  is  well  shown  by  his 
admirable  chapter  on  Hemiptera  (a  book  in  itself)  in  the 
Standard  Natural  History.  His  last  entomological  paper  was 
published  in  1904,  thus  rounding  out  the  unusually  long  period 
of  fifty  years  of  active  publishing  life. 

As  would  naturally  follow  from  a  life  of  such  activity  in 
systematic  entomology,  he  built  up  a  large  and  valuable  col- 
lection. His  arduous  work  with  his  frequently  very  minute 
specimens  had  an  injurious  effect  upon  his  eyes,  and  in  iXXfi 
an  operation  was  performed  which  restored  his  sight,  and  he 
worked  on  for  the  most  part  unhampered  by  poor  eyes  until 
1905,  when  his  sight  began  to  fail  gradually  from  glaucoma. 
He  felt  that  this  failure  was  irreparable  and  reconciled  him- 
self to  the  prospect  of  blindness.  He  had  during  all  these 
years  constantly  in  mind  the  preparation  of  a  large  monograph 
of  the  Capsidae,  the  manuscript  of  which  the  writer  saw  on 


438  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

one  of  his  first  visits  to  Uhler,  probably  in  1880.  It  was  al- 
ready at  that  early  date  a  very  large  manuscript  book,  but  it 
has  never  been  published,  owing  to  his  desire  to  make  it  as 
nearly  perfect  as  possible.  When  he  became  sure  that  his 
eyes  had  finally  failed,  he  consulted  with  Mr.  O.  Heidemann, 
of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  at  Washington,  concerning  the 
possible  completion  of  the  work  by  Mr.  Heidemann,  but  no 
definite  arrangements  were  ever  made.  In  1907  he  finally 
decided  to  part  with  his  collections,  and  presented  the  Meyer- 
Dur  collection  of  European  Hemiptera  to  the  Museum  of  Com- 
parative Zoology  at  Cambridge.  The  rest  of  his  collection,  in- 
cluding all  of  the  North  American  Hemiptera,  was  presented 
to  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  and  was  gradually  brought  to 
Washington  in  installments  by  Mr.  Heidemann  and  Mr.  H. 
S.  Barber.  It  is  now  a  part  of  the  National  Museum  collection. 

At  one  time  Doctor  Uhler  was  officially  known  as  the  Ento- 
mologist of  the  Hayden  Survey,  and  while  Assistant  Librarian 
of  the  Peabody  Library  he  was  given  leave  of  absence  to  ac- 
company a  survey  party  on  an  expedition  to  Colorado.  In 
Baltimore  he  was  at  an  early  date  energetic  in  his  endeavors 
to  encourage  the  study  of  natural  science  in  the  public  schools 
of  Maryland,  and  delivered  addresses  on  scientific  subjects 
throughout  the  State.  He  always  took  the  keenest  interest  in 
the  Maryland  Academy  of  Sciences,  of  which  he  was  Curator, 
Secretary,  Vice-President  and  later  President.  In  1900  he  was 
given  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D.  from  New  York  Uni- 
versity, and  in  1912  he  was  made  an  honorary  member  of  the 
International  Congress  of  Entomology  at  Oxford. 

Doctor  Uhler  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Entomological 
Society  of  Washington,  and  used  from  time  to  time  to  come 
to  Washington  for  the  evening  meetings  of  the  Society,  al- 
ways having  some  interesting  topic  to  present.  He  was  a 
fluent  and  delightful  speaker  with  a  charming  personality,  and 
inspired  interest  in  the  most  technical  subject  by  his  lucid 
method  of  presentation.  On  several  occasions  also  he  enter- 
tained the  Society  at  his  home  in  Baltimore,  so  that  Washing- 
ton entomologists  had  the  great  privilege  of  personal  friend- 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  439 

ship  with  this  veteran  naturalist  denied  by  distance  to  most 
of  the  third  and  fourth  generations. 

I  greatly  regret  that  space  will  not  permit  me  to  present  a 
fuller  account  of  Doctor  Uhler's  useful  and  beautiful  life. 
Mrs.  Uhler  tells  me  that  he  left  a  mass  of  manuscripts  and 
correspondence,  and  it  is  greatly  to  be  hoped  that  a  lengthy 
account  of  his  career  may  be  published.  The  world  does  not 
seem  to  be  making  this  type  of  man  nowadays,  and  it  is  a  pity. 

L.  O.  HOWARD. 


The  Neotropical  Tipulidae  in  the  Hungarian 
National  Museum  (Diptera). — II. 

By  CHARLES  P.  ALEXANDER,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.* 

(Plate  XVI.) 
Tribe  2 — ANTOCHINI. 
Genus  Teucholabis  Osten  Sacken. 
1859.  Teucholabis  Osten  Sacken;  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila. ;  p.  223. 

Teucholabis  is  the  dominant  Antochine  genus  in  the  tropics 
of  the  New  World.  Miany  species  were  included  in  the  collec- 
tion and  are  considered  in  the  following  pages. 

Teucholabis  flavithorax  Wiedemann. 

Two  specimens,    $     9  ,  from  Callanga,  Peru. 

Teucholabis  tristis,  sp.  n.   (Pi.  XVI,  Fig.  1). 

Head  and  thorax  shining  black;  wings  infumed  with  brown;  Rs 
long,  only  slightly  arcuated. 

Female. — Length,  5.6  mm. ;  wing,  6  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  dark  brown;  antennae  dark  brownish  black ;  front, 
vertex  and  occiput  dark  shining  black. 

Thoracic  dorsum  shining  black,  the  pronotum  dull  yellowish,  this 
color  continued  caudad  as  a  narrow  stripe  along  the  lateral  margin  of 
the  prsescutum  to  the  wing  root;  pleurae  black,  llalU'res  brown,  knob 
yellow. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  brown,  femora  yellowish  brown,  the  tip 

Contribution  from  the  Entomological  Laboratory,  Cornell  Univer- 
sity. 


440 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 


broadly  dark  brown ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  dark  brown ;  the  brown  femoral 
apices  are  broadest  on  the  fore  femora,  narrower  on  the  hind  femora. 

Wings  with  a  light  brown  suffusion-;  a  little  more  hyaline  in  cells 
1st  Ri,  tip  of  cell  R  and  in  cell  uf  M2;  stigma  dark  brown,  oval. 
Venation  (see  Plate  xvi,  fig.  i)  :  Rs  long,  almost  straight;  cell  ist  M2 
short;  basal  deflection  of  Cui  at  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdomen  moderately  long,  dark  brownish  black. 

Holotype,  ?  ,  Callanga,  Peru,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

Teucholabis  fulgens,  sp.  n.  (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  2). 

Head  reddish ;  pronotum  yellow ;  mesonotal  praescutum  reddish  yel- 
low with  three  dark  spots ;  posterior  coxae  similar  in  color  to  the  other 
coxae;  wings  hyaline  with  no  dark  brown  basal  spot,  tip  infuscated. 

Female. — Length,  5  mm. ;  wing,  5.8  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  brown ;  antennae  brown ;  front,  vertex  and  occiput 
reddish. 

Pronotum  yellow.  Mesonotal  praescutum  rich  orange  yellow,  a  small 
rounded,  dark  brown  median  spot  near  the  cephalic  margin ;  an  oblong 
transverse  mark  of  the  same  color  on  the  caudal  region  of  the  praescu- 
tum; scutum  yellow,  the  lobes  more  orange;  scutellum  light  yellow; 
postnotum  reddish  orange.  Pleurae  reddish  orange,  a  rounded  black 
spot  midway  between  the  root  of  the  wings  and  the  base  of  the  halteres. 
Halteres  brown,  the  knob  orange  yellow. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  reddish  yellow,  fore  femora  with  the 
basal  fifth  yellow,  remainder  brownish  black,  tibiae  and  tarsi  brownish 
black,  middle  and  hind  femora  yellow  with  the  tip  broadly  dark  brown, 
tibiae  dark  brown,  lightest  medially,  tarsi  dark  brownish  black. 

Wings  subhyaline,  tip  slightly  infuscated;  a  triangular  brown  stigma 
and  a  very  narrow  brown  seam  on  the  cord  down  to  cell  ist  M2.  Vena- 
tion (see  Plate  xvi,  fig.  2)  :  Rs  rather  strongly  arcuated,  its  origin 
slightly  anterior  to  Sc2. 

Abdomen  with  the  six  basal  tergites  dark  brown,  apical  tergites  and 
the  valves  of  the  ovipositor  rich  reddish  yellow ;  sternites  light  red- 
dish yellow. 

Holotype,  ?  ,  Callanga,  Peru,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

Teucholabis  jocosa,  sp.  n.  (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  3). 

Head  grey ;  pronotum  inconspicuous,  yellow ;  mesonotal  praescutum 
reddish  yellow  with  three  dark  spots ;  all  coxae  reddish ;  wings  hyaline 
with  a  pale  brown  rounded  stigma. 

Female. — Length,  5.2  mm.;  wing,  5  mm. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  44! 

Rostrum  and  palpi  dark  brownish  black;  antennae  dark  brownish 
black ;  front,  vertex  and  occiput  grey. 

Pronotum  not  conspicuous,  dull  yellow;  praescutum  orange  medially, 
lighter  colored,  yellowish,  on  the  sides,  a  brown  median  stripe  broad- 
est in  front  near  the  cephalic  margin  of  the  sclerite,  becoming  indis- 
tinct behind  at  about  midlength  of  the  sclerite,  a  rounded  brownish 
black  spot  on  the  sides  of  the  praescutum  near  the  suture;  scutum, 
scutellum  and  postnotum  dull  brownish  yellow,  not  brightly  colored. 
Pleurae  dull  yellow.  Halteres  pale  yellowish  brown,  knob  and  stem 
almost  unicolorous. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  dull  yellow,  femora  dull  yellow,  the 
tips  broadly  dark  brown,  tibiae  yellowish  brown,  the  tips  broadly  darker 
brown,  tarsi  dark  brown;  the  brown  femoral  and  tibial  apices  are  sub- 
equal  in  length  on  all  the  legs. 

Wings  hyaline,  with  a  pale  brown  rounded  stigma.  Venation  (see 
Plate  xvi,  fig.  3)  :  Rs  long  and  almost  straight. 

Abdomen  dark  brownish  black,  the  extreme  apices  of  segments  I  to  6 
indistinctly  dull  yellow;  apical  segments  dull  yellow,  the  base  of  the 
7th  tergite  blackish. 

Holotype,  2  ,  Coroico,  Bolivia,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

Teucholabis  jucunda,  sp.  n.  (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  4). 

Head  black;  pronotum  light  yellow;  mesonotum  light  yellow  with 
dark  brown  spots;  pleurae  with  a  large  blotch;  hind  legs  blackish; 
halteres  dark  throughout;  wings  brown  with  two  large  enclosed  sub- 
hyaline  blotches. 

Female. — Length,  6  mm. ;   wing,  8.3  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  black,  the  former  elongated ;  antennae  dark  brown- 
ish black ;  front,  vertex  and  occiput  black. 

Pronotum  elongate,  conspicuous,  light  yellow.  Mesonotal  praescutum 
light  reddish  yellow  or  orange  yellow,  a  shining  brownish  black  tri- 
angular spot  on  the  middle  of  the  sclerite,  its  anterior  end  broadest,  its 
apex  directed  caudad  and  becoming  much  paler  behind,  spreading  out 
over  this  part  of  the  sclerite,  a  large  rounded  dark  brown  spot  on  the 
sides  of  the  sclerite  behind ;  scutum,  lobes  dark  brownish  black,  median 
line  and  margins  of  the  sclerite  reddish  yellow ;  scutellum  and  postno- 
tum yellowish.  Pleurae  light  dull  yellow  with  a  very  large  conspicuous 
brownish  black  mark  on  the  mesopleurae.  Halteres  brownish  black 
throughout. 

Legs,  fore  coxae  and  trochanters  yellowish,  rest  of  fore  legs  missing; 
middle  coxae  and  trochanters  brown,  base  of  the  femora  yellowish 
brown  soon  passing  into  the  dark  brown  of  the  tip,  tibiae  and  tarsi 
dark  brown;  hind  coxae  and  trochanters  black,  femora,  tibiae  and  tarsi 
dark  brownish  black. 


442  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

Wings  hyaline  or  subhyaline,  with  conspicuous  brown  markings  on 
the  tip,  along  the  cord  and  sub-basal,  so  that  of  the  ground  color  only 
the  following  remains :  A  large  blotch  distad  of  the  cord  extending 
from  cell  2nd  Ri  caudad  into  cell  Cui  including  most  of  cell  ist  M2; 
the  median  blotch  is  irregular,  embracing  the  middle  of  cells  R,  M. 
and  Cu  and  the  tips  of  the  anal  cells ;  the  anal  angle  of  the  wing  is 
pale.  Venation  (see  Plate  xvi,  fig.  4)  :  Sc  long,  5Yi  ending  nearer  to 
the  fork  of  Rs  than  to  its  origin. 

Abdomen  with  three  basal  tergites  dark  brown,  the  remaining  simi- 
lar in  color  with  broad  pale  yellowish  brown  apices ;  sternites  dark 
brownish  black  with  very  broad  yellowish  apices  to  the  sclerites  except 
the  apical  segments  which  are  uniformly  dark ;  ovipositor,  base  black- 
ish, tip  yellowish. 

Holotype,  $  ,  Callanga,  Peru,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

In  my  key  to  Teucholabis  (Psyche,  vol.  20,  No.  i,  pp.  43,  44, 
1913)  jucunda  would  run  down  to  pulchella  Alexander,  from 
Eastern  Brazil.  From  this  species  it  differs  in  the  increase  in 
brown  markings  on  the  thorax  and  the  much  darker  wing  pat- 
tern. It  is  much  more  closely  related  to  T.  laeta  described 
below. 

Teucholabis  laeta,  sp.  n.  (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  5). 

Head  reddish  brown ;  pronotum  yellow ;  mesonotum  reddish  yellow 
with  dark  brown  spots ;  pleurae  uniform ;  halteres  dark  throughout ; 
wings  with  broad  dark  brown  fasciae,  basal  cells  almost  clear  of  dark 
color. 

Male. — Length,  about  4.1  mm. ;  wing,  5.3  mm. 

Rostrum,  palpi  and  antennae  dark  brownish  black.  Front,  vertex 
and  occiput  very  deep  reddish  brown. 

Pronotum  yellow.  Mesonotal  praescutum  rich  reddish  yellow  with  a 
large  oval,  median,  dark  brown  blotch  on  the  anterior  portion  of  the 
sclerite,  larger  more  rounded  spots  of  the  same  color  on  the  sides  of 
the  sclerite  behind ;  scutum  reddish,  the  lateral  cephalic  edge  of  the 
lobes  with  a  brown  blotch ;  scutellum  and  postnotum  reddish  yellow. 
Pleurae  uniform  reddish  yellow  without  black  markings.  Halteres  uni- 
formly dark  color. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  dull  yellow,  fore  femora  with  the  basal 
third  yellowish  passing  into  dark  brown,  tibiae  base  and  tip  dark,  the 
intermediate  portion  somewhat  lighter,  yellowish ;  remaining  femora 
with  the  dark  tip  narrower. 

Wings  subhyaline  with  the  tip  dark  brown,  a  broad  seam  of  the  same 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  443 

dark  color  along  the  cord,  these  two  bands  cutting  off  a  large  oval 
blotch  of  the  ground  color,  base  of  the  wing  almost  free  from  brown 
markings,  except  at  the  tips  of  the  anal  veins.  Venation  (see  Plate 
xvi,  fig.  5)  :  Sc  long,  origin  of  Rs  far  before  its  tip. 

Abdomen  with  the  tergites  dark  shiny  black,  the  fifth  much  paler, 
yellowish,  basally  and  apically;  sternites  reddish  yellow,  uniform. 

Holotype,  $  ,  Songo,  Bolivia,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

Closely  allied  to  jiicnnda  but  much  smaller,  the  thoracic 
coloration  especially  in  the  pleurae  different  and  wing-pattern 
and  venational  details  quite  distinct.  It  should  be  noted  that 
in  the  genus  Teucholabis,  the  males  are  invariably  larger  than 
the  females,  a  condition  that  is  quite  different  from  what  oc- 
curs in  most  crane  flies. 

Teucholabis  hilaris,  sp.  n.  (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  6). 

Head  reddish ;  pronotum  yellow ;  mesonotal  praescutum  yellow  with 
three  broad  brown  stripes  confluent  behind ;  scutellum  yellow ;  posterior 
coxae  dark;  wings  hyaline  with  the  tip  infuscated. 

Male. — Length,  5  mm.;  wing,  5.5  mm.  Female. — Length,  4  mm.; 
wing,  4.8-5  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  brownish  yellow ;  antennas  basal  segment  orange 
yellow,  flagellum  black ;  front,  vertex  and  occiput  orange  yellow. 

Pronotum  conspicuous,  rich  orange  yellow,  very  shiny.  Mesonotal 
praescutum  yellow  with  three  very  broad  dark  brown  stripes  which 
almost  conceal  the  ground  color,  these  stripes  confluent  behind  near 
the  transverse  suture ;  scutum  yellow,  each  lobe  with  a  large  dark 
brown  rounded  spot  in  the  center ;  scutellum  light  yellow ;  postnotum 
brownish  black.  Pleurae,  propleurse  yellow ;  meso-  and  metapleune 
dark  shining  black.  Halteres,  stem  brown,  knob  bright  orange  yellow. 

Legs,  fore  and  middle  coxae  and  trochanters  light  orange  yellow, 
fore  femora  yellowish  on  basal  fourth,  remainder  dark  brown,  tibiae 
and  tarsi  brown,  the  former  a  little  brighter  medially ;  middle  femora 
light  yellow  with  a  rather  broad  dark  brown  tip,  tibiae  with  the  base 
and  tip  dark  brown,  the  medial  portion  yellowish  brown ;  tarsi  dark 
brown;  hind  leg,  coxae  and  trochanters  dark  brownish  black,  femora 
light  yellow  with  the  tip  broadly  dark  brown,  tibiae  yellow  with  the 
base  narrowly  dark  brown,  the  tip  broadly  of  the  same  color,  tarsi 
dark  brownish  black. 

Wings,  hyaline,  the  tip  broadly  infuscated  with  light  brown;  a  dark 
brown  basal  spot  in  the  region  of  the  arculus ;  a  dark  brown  triangular 
stigma  which  sends  a  narrow  brown  seam  down  along  the  cord  to 
cell  ist  Mz.  Venation  (see  Plate  xvi,  fig.  6)  :  Origin  of  Rs  opposite  Sc2. 


444 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    ' 


Abdomen  dark  brownish  black,  the  extreme  tergal  apices  yellow; 
sternites  yellow  with  brownish  black  rings. 

Female) — Similar,  the  ovipositor  and  a  ring  on  the  8th  abdominal 
segment,  yellow. 

Holotype,   $  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 

Allotype,   9  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 

Paratype,    9  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 

The  two  types  in  the  Hungarian  National  Museum,  the  para- 
type  in  the  author's  collection. 

This  handsome  species  agrees  most  closely  with  simplex 
Wied.  [Aussereur  Zweifl.  Ins.,  vol.  i,  pp.  549,  550;  (Limno- 
bia}]  but  is  much  smaller,  antennae  not  yellowish  brown  and 
the  leg-pattern  quite  different.  From  molesta  O.  S.  (Biologia 
Cent.  Amer. ;  vol.  i,  pp.  6,  7),  it  differs  in  its  reddish  head; 
from  gracilis  O.  S.  (1.  c.,  p.  7),  it  differs  in  its  thoracic  pattern 
and  much  smaller  size. 

Teucholabis  munda,  sp.  n.   (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  7). 

Head  dark  brown  above;  pronotum  yellow;  thorax  shiny  black; 
wings  hyaline  with  a  broad  brown  apex  and  brown  marks  along  the 
cord;  Rs  very  short,  arcuated,  its  origin  opposite  the  tip  of  Sci. 

Male. — Length,  5.5  mm. ;  wing,  5.8  mm. 

Rostrum  yellow,  palpi  brown;  antennae  with  the  basal  segment  yel- 
low, remaining  segments  rounded  oval,  dark  brownish,  front  yel- 
lowish, vertex  and  occiput  very  dark  brown  becoming  lighter  and 
brighter  on  the  genae. 

Pronotum  very  light  yellow,  not  very  shining.  Mesonotum  entirely 
dark  shiny  black.  Pleurae  black.  Halteres,  stem  dark  brownish  black, 
the  knob  light  yellow. 

Legs,  fore  coxae  and  trochanters  light  yellow,  femora  with  the  basal 
third  yellowish  darkening  into  brownish  black  apically,  tibiae  and  tarsi 
dark  brownish  black;  middle  coxae  brown,  trochanters  yellow,  femora 
brownish  yellow,  the  tip  darker,  tibiae  and  tarsi  dark  brown;  hind 
coxae  black,  trochanters  brownish  yellow,  femora  brownish  yellow 
gradually  darkening  to  the  brown  tip,  tibiae  and  tarsi  dark  brownish 
black. 

Wings  subhyaline,  the  whole  tip  of  the  wing  infuscated  with  light 
brown,  the  inner  margin  of  this  infuscation  including  the  extreme  tip 
of  cell  1st  M2;  stigma  large,  dark  brown,  sending  a  narrow  brown 
seam  along  the  cord;  an  indistinct  light  brown  suffusion  in  cell  Mi, 
and  tips  of  the  two  anal  cells.  Venation  (see  Plate  xvi,  fig.  7)  :  Rs 
short  and  very  arcuated  at  its  origin,  its  base  opposite  the  tip  of  SVi. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  445 

Abdomen  with  the  tergites  black,  sternites  black,  the  tips  of  the 
apical  sclerites  broadly  yellowish. 

Holotype,  $  ,  Callanga,  Peru,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

T.  munda  differs  from  all  of  the  species  known  to  me  in  the 
great  arcuation  of  the  radial  sector. 

Teucholabis  paradoxa,  sp.  n.  (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  8). 

Head  reddish  brown;  thorax  reddish,  unspotted;  wings  subhyaline 
with  numerous  brown  spots  and  dots  ;  cross  vein  r-m  not  present. 

Male. — Length,  5  mm. ;  wing,  6.6  mm.  Female. — Length,  6  mm. ; 
wing,  6  mm. 

Male  and  Female. — Rostrum  reddish,  palpi  brown ;  antennae  dark 
brownish  black  throughout ;  front,  vertex  and  occiput  shining  reddish 
brown. 

Pronotum  reddish.  Mesonotum  and  pleune  reddish  yellow  without 
dark  markings.  Halteres  light  brown  throughout. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  brownish  yellow,  femora  brownish  yel- 
low, the  tip  rather  broadly  dark  brown,  tibiae  brown  darkest  at  the  tip, 
tarsi  dark  brown ;  fore  tibiae  almost  uniformly  dark  brown ;  the  dark 
femoral  apices  subequal  on  all  the  legs. 

Wings,  shiny,  light  yellowish  hyaline,  with  numerous  dark  brown 
spots  and  dots  as  follows :  Cell  C  is  brown  except  for  a  space  near 
cross  vein  h;  Sc2  brown  with  a  space  over  the  middle  of  cell  ist  Ri. 
Four  large  brown  blotches,  one  at  the  base  of  the  wing,  a  second  at 
the  origin  of  Rs,  a  third  near  the  stigma  and  the  last  at  the  end  of  Ri 
in  cell  2nd  Ri.  Anal  angle  of  the  wing  dark,  a  large  blotch  in  the 
end  of  cell  ist  A;  smaller  blotches  at  the  ends  of  the  longitudinal 
veins ;  all  of  the  cells  of  the  wings  with  abundant  rounded  brown 
dots.  Venation  (see  Plate  xvi,  fig.  8)  :  Sc  long,  Rs  rather  long  and 
rather  strongly  arcuated  so  that  cell  R  is  narrowest  at  its  middle ; 
cross  vein  r-m  obliterated  by  the  fusion  of  R  4  plus  5  on  M  i  plus  2 
at  the  proximal  end  of  cell  ist  A/2;  cell  ist  M2  much  longer  than  the 
veins  issuing  from  it. 

Abdomen,  base  yellowish,  in  the  female  tergites  2  to  5  light  brown 
with  dark  apices ;  sternites  brownish  yellow ;  in  the  male,  several  of 
the  basal  tergites  yellow,  the  abdomen  expanded  before  the  hyp«>py- 
gium,  several  segments  being  involved. 

Holotype,    $  ,  Callanga.  Peru. 
Allotype,   9  ,  Callanga,  Peru. 
Types  in  the  Hungarian  National  Museum. 
The  only  species  of  Teucholabis  that  I  know  of  with  this 
type  of  wing-pattern.     The  obliteration  of  the  radio-median 


446  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

cross-vein  by  the  fusion  of  R  4  plus  5  on  M  I  plus  2,  is  a  new 
venational  feature  for  the  genus  although  long  known  in  the 
related  genus  Paratropesa  Schiner. 

Genus    Paratropeza    Schiner. 

1866.     Paratropesa  Schiner;  Verh.  Zool.  bot.  Ges.  Wien;  vol.  16.  p. 
932. 

A  very  interesting  group  of  Neotropical  crane  flies  remark- 
able in  the  presence  of  cell  R2  in  the  wings,  Paratropesa  being 
the  only  genus  in  the  tribe  that  possessses  this  character  (com- 
pare my  key  to  the  Antochini,  Psyche,  vol.  20,  No.  i ;  pp. 
40,  41;  1913). 

Key  to  the  Species  of  Paratropeza. 

1.  Cross    vein    r-m    obliterated    by    the    fusion    of    R    4    plus    5    on 

M   I    plus   2    2 

Cross  vein  r-m  present 4 

2.  Entire  thorax  blue  black ;    [head  dark  purplish ;  wings  with  three 

dark  brown  bands,  one  near  the  wing  base,  one  along  the 

cord  and  the  last  on  the  wing  tip ;  abdomen  black,  margins 

of  the  segments  yellowish.]    (Brazil,  Peru),  collaris  O.  S.  (i) 

Thorax  with  at  least  the  scutellum  yellowish  3 

3.  Thoracic   praescutum    entirely   shiny   black ;    wings   with   a   narrow 

brown  seam  along  the  radial  cross  vein;  [head  yellow;  abdo- 
men rust  yellow  except  the  base  which  is  black.]   (Colombia). 

singularis  Schin.   (2) 

Thoracic  prsescutum  reddish  yellow  with  three  broad  black  stripes ; 
wings  with  a  narrow  seam  along  the  cord,  tip  of  the  wing 
faintly  infuscated;  [head  reddish  yellow.]  (Mexico). 

praeusta  O.  S.    (3) 

4.  Cell  ist  M.2.  of  the  wings  open,  due  to  the  atrophy  of  the  outer  de- 

flection of  1/3 ;  wings  with  two  distinct  dark  brownish  bands ; 

tip  of  the  wing  infuscated.     (Brazil).,  .fasciolaris  Wied.  (4) 
Cell  i st  M2  closed ;  wings  with  a  narrow  brown  seam  along  the 

cord;  tip  of  the  wing  not  infuscated.     (Brazil). 
,  jactans  sp.  n. 

(i)   Osten  Sacken,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr. ;  vol.  31,  p.  190  (1887). 

(2)  Schiner.  Novara  Reise,  Dipt.,  p.  46,  pi.  2,  fig.  2  (1868).     (Type  of 
the  genus). 

(3)  Osten  Sacken,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.,  vol.  i,  pt.  i,  p.  8   (1886). 

(4)  Wiedemann,  Ausser.  Zweifl.  Insect,  vol.  i,  suppl.,  p.  552,  pi.  6b, 
fig.  ii   (1828),  (as  Limnobia). 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  447 

Paratropeza  collaris  Osten  Sacken  (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  9). 

One  $ ,  from  Callanga,  Peru.  Venation  (see  Plate  xvi,  fig. 
9);  Rs  very  strongly  arcuated  at  its  origin;  deflection  of  R 
4  plus  5  and  cross  vein  r  almost  in  a  line ;  cross  vein  r-m  ob- 
literated by  the. fusion  of  R  4  plus  5  on  M  i  plus  2;  basal  de- 
flection of  Cm  just  beyond  the  fork  of  M. 

Paratropeza  jactans,  sp.  n.  (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  10). 

Thoracic  prsescutum  yellowish  with  broad  brown  stripes ;  scutellum 
yellow;  postnotum  black;  wings  with  a  narrow  brown  seam  along  the 
cord;  cross  vein  r-m  present;  cell  ist  M2  closed. 

Male. — Length,  6  mm. ;  wing,  6.8  mm. 

Rostrum  yellow,  palpi  brown ;  antennae  with  the  basal  segment  brown- 
ish yellow,  the  remaining  segments  brown ;  front  and  vertex  brown, 
darkest  on  the  vertex ;  occiput  reddish  brown. 

Pronotum  yellowish  brown.  Mesonotal  prsescutum  dull  yellow  with 
three  broad  dark  brown  stripes  confluent  behind,  the  median  stripe 
broad,  its  sides  subparallel,  the  lateral  ones  very  large,  occupying  most 
of  the  caudo-lateral  portions  of  the  sclerite ;  scutum  dull  yellow,  the 
lobes  with  a  large  rounded  dark  brown  spot;  scutellum  dull  yellow; 
postnotum  dark  brownish  black.  Pleurae  rich  reddish  yellow,  this  color 
including  the  sternum.  Halteres  brownish  black,  the  knob  light  yellow. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  dull  yellow,  rest  of  the  legs  broken. 

Wings  broadest  in  the  region  of  the  cord,  subhyaline  with  a  broadly 
triangular  dark  brown  stigma,  a  narrow  brown  seam  along  the  cord 
and  on  the  outer  end  of  cell  ist  M2;  an  indistinct  brown  suffusion  from 
the  origin  of  Rs  caudad  across  the  wing  to  the  tip  of  2nd  A.  Vena- 
tion (see  Plate  xvi,  fig.  10)  :  Rs  long,  very  gently  arcuated;  deflection 
of  R  4  plus  5  anterior  to  the  cross  vein  r;  cross  vein  r-m  present, 
rather  long;  cell  ist  M2  closed;  basal  deflection  of  Cu\  just  beyond 
the  fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  dark  brownish  black  with  a  broad  yellowish  apex 
to  the  sclerites ;  sternites  yellowish. 

Holotype,  $  ,  Theresopolis,  Brazil,  in  the  Hungarian  Na- 
tional Museum. 

Genus   Diotrepha   Osten   Sacken. 

1878.     Diotrepha   Osten   Sacken;    Cat.   Dipt.    N.   Am. 

Diotrepha  omissinervis,  sp.  n.   (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  9). 

Wings  uniformly  grey,  Sc  long,  ending  opposite  the  middle  of  Rs, 
tip  of  Ri  atrophied ;  femoral  and  tibial  apicas  dark  brown. 

Female. — Length,  8.8  mm. ;  wing,  6  mm. ;  abdomen,  7.2  mm.  Hind 
leg,  femur,  5.8  mm. ;  tibia,  6.3  mm. ;  tarsus,  4.6  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  dark  brown;  antennas  with  the  two  basal  seg- 


448  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

ments  dark  brown,  the  flagellar  segments  much  paler,  whitish ;  front, 
vertex  and  occiput  light  greyish  brown,  darker  behind. 

Mesonotal  praescutum  light  brown,  unmarked ;  scutum,  scutellum  and 
postnotum  of  about  the  same  color,  the  latter  a  little  darker.  Pleurae 
uniformly  brown.  Halteres  brown,  the  base  of  the  stem  paler. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  dull  yellow,  femora  almost  white  with 
the  tip  broadly  dark  brown,  tibiae  whitish  with  the  tip  very  narrowly 
dark  brown ;  tarsi  whitish,  the  two  terminal  segments  becoming  more 
infuscated. 

Wings  with  a  grey  suffusion,  veins  rather  pale.  Venation  (see  Plate 
xiv,  fig.  9)  :  Sc  long,  ending  about  opposite  the  middle  of  Rs,  Sc2  at  its 
extreme  tip,  the  terminal  portion  of  Ri  beyond  the  cross  vein  r, 
atrophied. 

Abdomen  long,  uniform  dark  brown,  the  sternites  rather  brighter. 

Holotype,  9  ,  Songo,  Bolivia,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

From  mirabilis  Osten  Sacken  (i),  the  only  described  species 
with  dark  femoral  and  tibial  apices,  this  species  differs  as  fol- 
lows :  Sc  much  longer,  ending  near  the  middle  of  Rs  instead 
of  just  beyond  its  origin ;  the  atrophy  of  the  tip  of  Ri  distin- 
guishes omissinervis  from  all  of  the  described  forms. 

Genus  Toxorhina  Loew. 
1851.     Toxorhina  Loew.;  Linnaea  Entomologica,  vol.  5,  p.  400. 

Toxorhina  brasiliensis  Westwood. 

One   $   from  San  Bernadino,  Paraguay.    Fiebrig,  1908. 

Genus  Atarba  Osten  Sacken. 

1869.  Atarba  Osten  Sacken;  Monographs  of  the  Dipt,  of  N.  Am., 
vol.  4,  pp.  127,  128. 

Atarba  varicornis,  sp.  n.  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  10). 

Antennae  very  long,  annulated  dark  brown  and  yellowish ;  femora 
unicolorous ;  wings  without  a  stigmal  spot ;  valves  of  the  ovipositor 
very  powerful;  abdominal  tergites  dark  brown. 

Female. — Length,  4.2  mm. ;  wing,  4.9  mm. 

Rostrum  yellowish,  the  palpi  a  little  darker ;  antennae  with  the  scapal 
segments  dull  yellow,  flagellum  with  the  basal  half  of  each  segment 
light  yellow,  the  apical  half  abruptly  dark  brown,  the  terminal  two  or 
three  segments  uniformly  brown;  front  and  occiput  dull  brownish  yel- 
low, the  vertex  a  little  darker  brown. 

(i)  Osten  Sacken,  Cat.  Dipt.  N.  Am.,  p.  220  (1878);  Williston, 
Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  pt.  3,  p.  291,  fig.  65  (1896). 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  XVI. 


NEOTROPICAL    TIPULIDAE-ALEXANDER. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  449 

Thoracic  dorsum  dull  rich  yellow,  the  postnotum  a  little  more  grey- 
ish. Pleurae  dull  yellowish  with  a  faint  greyish  bloom.  Halteres  light 
yellowish  brown. 

Legs,  coxae  and  trochanters  yellow,  femora,  tibiae  and  tarsi  dull  yel- 
low, the  latter  passing  into  brown  beyond  the  metatarsus. 

Wings  with  a  faint  yellowish  tinge,  stigma  very  feebly  indicated ; 
venation  (see  Plate  xiv,  fig.  ro.) 

Abdomen  brown,  valves  of  the  ovipositor  very  large,  powerful,  yel- 
low, sternum  light  yellow,  the  sides  of  the  sclerites  broadly  margined 
with  brown. 

Holotype,  ?  ,  Callanga,  Peru,  in  the  Hungarian  National 
Museum. 

This  is  the  third  true  Atarba  described  since  the  erection  of 
the  genus  in  1869.  It  is  closely  allied  to  picticornis  O.  S.,  of 
the  Eastern  United  States  but  is  much  smaller  (wing  of  2  ; 
under  5  mm. ;  in  picticornis,  over  6  mm.)  ;  valves  of  the  ovi- 
positor very  long,  stout,  the  upper  valve  with  the  basal  two- 
thirds  enlarged,  the  apical  third  slender,  acicular,  lower  valves 
flattened,  blade-like ;  upper  valves  much  longer  than  the  lower 
valves ;  the  abdominal  tergites  dark  brown,  in  picticornis,  the 
tergites  dull  yellow. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XVI. 

Fig.     I.  Wing  of  Teucholabis  tristis  sp.  n. ;   9. 

Fig.    2.  Wing  of  Teucholabis  fulgens  sp.  n. ;    9 . 

Fig.     3.  Wing  of  Teucholabis  jocosa  sp.  n. ;    2 . 

Fig.     4.  Wing  of  Teucholabis  jucunda  sp.  n. ;    9  . 

Fig.     5.  Wing  of  Teucholabis  laeta  sp.  n. ;    $. 

Fig.     6.  Wing  of  Teucholabis  hilaris  sp.  n. ;    9. 

Fig.     7.  Wing  of  Teucholabis  munda  sp.  n. ;    $. 

Fig.    8.  Wing  of  Teucholabis  paradoxa  sp.  n. ;    2 . 

Fig.    9.  Wing  of  Paratropeza  collaris  Osten  Sacken ;    $ . 

Fig.  10.  Wing  of  Paratropeza  jactans  sp.  n. ;   $ . 


Notice  to  Authors. 

Authors  publishing  entomological  articles  in  non-entomological  jour- 
nals, who  desire  to  have  such  articles  noted  in  our  current  literature 
list,  will  do  well  to  send  copies  of  them  to  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900 
Race  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  After  note  has  been  made  of  the  same, 
they  will  be  deposited  in  the  library  of  the  American  Entomological 
Society. 


450  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

A  New  Argynnis  from  Utah  (Lep.)« 

By  HENRY  SKINNER. 
Argynnis  laurenti  n.  sp. 

Expanse  19-21  mm.  Upperside.  Primaries  ochraceous-orange  (very 
nearly  the  color  of  A.  atossa)  with  the  markings  in  a  general  way 
similar  to  those  of  Helena,  chariclea  and  triclaris,  but  instead  of  the 
usual  row  of  crescent-shaped  spots  between  the  row  of  dots  across 
the  wing  and  the  exterior  margin,  there  is  a  sinuous,  narrow  line  of 
fuscous,  and  the  marginal  line  has  a  very  little  fuscous  at  the  ends 
of  the  veins.  The  secondaries  also  have  the  same  characteristic  line, 
replacing  the  lunate  spots  seen  in  the  allied  species.  There  is  also  a 
distinct  and  comparatively  large  black  spot  in  the  disc  near  the  base 
of  the  wing  which  is  obsolete  or  nearly  so  in  the  allied  species. 

Underside.  Primaries  marked  as  above  and  the  large  round  spots 
distinct  and  well  denned.  The  band  of  yellow  spots  of  the  second- 
aries extending  across  the  wing  from  the  costa  to  the  inner  margin, 
in  a  general  way  is  like  that  of  kelcna  but  differs  much  in  detail.  The 
veins  divide  this  band  into  nine  spots,  the  triangular  one,  which  is 
the  third  from  the  costa,  is  much  less  acute  than  in  helena  and  there 
is  an  additional  spot  extending  from  the  base  of  this  spot  in  the  new 
species.  The  seventh  spot  from  the  costa,  which  is  shaped  like  an 
hour-glass,  is  much  longer  than  the  similar  spot  in  helena.  This  band 
extends  to  the  inner  margin,  which  is  not  the  case  in  helena. 

The  marginal  silvery  or  white  lunules  are  entirely  wanting 
in  this  species.  The  lighter  color,  the  waved  line  on  both 
wings,  above  and  below,  and  the  absence  of  the  silvery  lunules 
of  the  secondaries  below,  will  readily  separate  this  species 
from  its  congeners. 

Described  from  eight  specimens  taken  by  Mr.  Philip  Laurent 
and  the  author,  at  Silver  Lake  (Brightens),  Utah,  July  loth 
to  I4th,  1899. 

Type  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia.  Named  in  honor  of  Mr.  Philip  Laurent, 
Director  of  the  Entomological  Section  of  the  Academy. 


Lectures  on  Insects. 

Mr.  Edward  F.  Bigelow,  President  of  the  Agassiz  Association, 
Arcadia,  Sound  Beach,  Connecticut,  is  planning  to  enter  the  lecture 
field  more  extensively  in  the  future,  and  announces,  as  two  of  his 
topics,  "The  most  wonderful  of  all  insects — the  Honey  Bee"  and  "In 
the  Microscopical  World." 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  451 

A   new  North   American   Genus   Belonging   to   the 
Group  Nemobiites  (Orthoptera,  Gryllidae). 

By  MORGAN  HEBARD,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Hygronemobius*  n.  gen. 

1905.  Nemobius  Morse  (not  of  Serville,  1839),  Psyche,  XII,  pp. 
21-22. 

The  genus  is  monotypic.  Genotype — Hygronemobius  alleni 
[Nemobius  alleni]  (Morse). 

Allied  to  Nemobius,^  from  which  genus  it  may  be  separated 
by  the  somewhat  differently  shaped  pronotum,  much  reduced 
tympanum  of  the  caudal  face  of  the  cephalic  femora  and  very 
different  armament  of  the  caudal  tibiae. 

Though  nearer  to  Nemobius  than  to  any  of  the  other  allied 
genera,  the  facts  that  in  the  present  genus  the  tegmina  of  the 
male  lack  a  tympanum  and  the  caudal  tibiae  are  each  sup- 
plied with  five,  not  six,  distal  spurs,  show  that  in  these  char- 
acters it  agrees  instead  with  Paranemobius,\  which  genus  is, 
however,  very  different  in  numerous  other  important  respects. 
Generic  Description. — Size  small ;  form  compact ;  body 
pubescent  and  sparsely  clothed  with  hairs.  Head  and  its  ap- 
pendages similar  to  Nemobius,  but 
with  interantennal  protuberance 
somewhat  more  feeble.  Pronotum 
similar  to  Nemobius,  excepting  the 
ventro-cephalic  angles  of  lateral 
lobes  which  are  rectangulate  and 
much  sharper  than  the  ventro- 
caudal  angles.  Tegmina  very  ab- 
breviate in  the  male§  and  wanting 
a  tambourine,  having  a  single 
oblique  vein  as  in  Nemobius. 
Wings  absent.  Caudal  face  of 
cephalic  tibiae  bearing  a  small, 

*From  vXpos  =  moist,  and  Nemobius  =  grove-dweller. 

1 1839.    Serville.    Hist.  Nat.  des  Ins.,  Orth.,  p.  345. 

j  1877.  Saussure.  Melang.  Orth.,  II,  Fasc.  V,  pp.  226,  231,  234-235, 
fig.  IV. 

§  All  of  the  females  known  of  this  genus  are  nymphal,  and 
Morse's  statement  that  this  sex  is  wingless,  as  well  as  his  descrip- 
tion of  the  ovipositor,  in  consequence  cannot  be  used  as  char- 
acters for  the  genus  or  species.  The  nymphal  females,  though 
about  two-thirds  grown,  show  no  trace  of  tegminal  development. 


452  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

scarcely  perceptible,  ovoid  tympanum,  corresponding  portion 
of  cephalic  fare  not  swollen.  Caudal  femora  greatly  dilated; 
caudal  tibise  with  dorsal  margins  each  armed  with  three  pairs 
of  extremely  long,  widely  spaced,  unmodified,  mobile  spines* 
placed  in  a  double  row  and  armed  distad  with  three  external 
and  two  internal  spurs.  The  ventro-internal  spur,  always 
present  in  Nemobius,  is  missing  in  the  present  genus.  Caudal 
metatarsi  non-sulcate  and  unarmed  dorsad. 

Remarks. — With  the  exception  of  the  characters  given  for 
the  female',  the  original  description  of-//,  alleni,  with  which  is 
also  given  valuable  data  on  the  capture  and  habits  of  the  in- 
sect, is  excellent.  A  study  of  the  North  American  species  of 
the  genus  Nemobius  has  prompted  the  examination  and  study 
of  the  typical  material  of  this  insect. 

The  peculiar  reduction  of  the  tegrriina  in  the  male  of  this 
insect  is  shown  in  the  figure  here  given. 

'•Distribution. — This  genus  is  known  only  from  the  mangrove 
swamps  of  Mbraine  Cay  in  the  northern  Bahamas. 


A  New  Parasite  of  the  House  Fly  (Acarina, 

Gamasoidea). 

By  H.  E.  EWING,  Corvallis,  Oregon. 

(Plate  XVII.) 

The  great  interest  which  of  recent  years  has  attached  to  the 
house  fly  because  of  the  discovery  of  its  role  as  a  disease-car- 
rier has  caused  economic  entomologists  to  consider  all  possible 
means  which  may  be  employed  for  its  control.  As  in  the  case 
of  most  insect  pests,  natural  enemies  have  received  much  at- 
tention in  this  regard.  So  far,  although  no  one  species  has 
been  found  that  offers  any  serious  check  to  the  increase  of  the 
house  fly,  many  have  been  recorded  as  preying  upon  it.  Dr. 

*  These  spines  are  evenly  rounded  and  covered  with  hairs,  but 
have,  like  in  Ncmobivs.  their  apices  uncinate,  smooth,  sharp  and 
hard. 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  453 

L.  O.  Howard,  in  his  excellent  volume  on  this  pest,  gives  a 
whole  chapter  upon  its  natural  enemies.  These,  as  the  author 
states,  "begin  with  the  acme  of  the  vertebrate  series  (man  him- 
self) and  end  with  the  lower  forms  of  plant  life."  Among  the 
natural  enemies  listed  are  included :  fungous  diseases,  protozoa, 
nematodes,  mites,  spiders,  the  house  centipede,  predaceous  and 
parasitic  insects,  birds,  and  fly-catching  rats.  The  parasite 
which  I  have  to  report  is  of  biological  interest  chiefly,  yet  those 
interested  in  economic  entomology  may  be  glad  to  note  that 
another  natural  enemy  has  been  recorded  for  our  dreaded 
Muse  a  domestica. 

HABITS. 

For  several  years  the  writer  has  noticed  that  a  house  fly  is 
occasionally  found  flying  about  with  a  rather  large  gamasid 
mite  hanging  to  it.  I  have  caught  many  such  flies  in  houses 
and  in  laboratories,  and  others  have  sent  to  me  flies  which  car- 
ried this  mite  upon  their  bodies.  I  never  have  noticed  more 
than  a  single  gamasid  upon  a  single  fly,  and  this  individual  has 
usually  been  found  running  about  on  the  body  of  its  host.  It 
is  well  known  that  flies,  as  well  as  many  other  insects,  carry 
non-parasitic  mites,  especially  of  the  family  Gamasidae,  where- 
by the  distribution  of  the  latter  is  effected.  Beetles,  especially, 
may  carry  a  score  or  more  of  non-parasitic  mites  upon  their 
bodies  for  long  distances.  In  fact  I  have  frequently  found 
such  individuals  almost  or  quite  concealed  by  scores  of  the 
nymphs  of  the  genus  Uropoda,  all  of  which  were  getting  a 
"free  ride,"  though  these  injured  their  pseudo-host  in  no  way. 
For  these  reasons  I  paid  little  attention  to  the  first  gamasid 
mites  found  on  flies. 

While  at  Ithaca,  New  York,  my  attention  was  frequently 
called  to  house  flies  that  carried  this  gamasid  mite.  Upon  an 
investigation  I  succeeded  in  rinding  mites  that  had  their  cheli- 
cerae  inserted  into  the  ventral  body  wall  of  the  fly,  and  in  one 
case  the  mite  remained  so  attached  after  being  killed,  along 
with  its  host. 

When  these  mites  feed  upon  the  house  fly  they  attach  them- 
selves always  at  a  definite  place.  This  is  at  the  base  of  the 


454  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

abdomen  on  its  ventral  surface,  the  anterior  end  of  the  mite 
being  directed  toward  the  head  of  the  fly.  The  reason  for  the 
mite  always  taking  this  position  is  not  quite  clear  at  present. 
I  can  see  two  advantages  in  it,  however;  first,  the  mite  is  in 
a  place  protected  from  the  attacks  of  its  host;  second,  this  po- 
sition does  not  throw  the  fly  out  of  balance  when  flying.  In 
all  cases  thus  far  only  the  females  of  this  parasitic  mite  have 
been  found.  The  description  of  the  species  follows. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  SPECIES. 

Macrocheles  muscae  n.  sp. 

General  appearance  stout,  robust;  integument  well  chitinized,  hence 
color  a  dark  yellowish  brown.  Body  clothed  very  sparsely  with  small, 
simple,  curved  bristles. 

Mouth-parts  well  developed.  Palpi  about  one-half  as  long  as  first 
pair  of  legs ;  first  segment  longest,  concave  on  its  inner  margin,  and 
about  four-fifths  as  long  as  femur  of  leg  I ;  second  segment  slightly 
shorter  than  the  first ;  third  subequal  to  the  second ;  fourth  slightly 
over  one-half  as  long  as  the  third,  bearing  many  setae  or  hairs  and  a 
long  prominent  bristle  slightly  longer  than  the  segment  itself  on  its 
outer  margin ;  distal  segment  very  short,  about  one-third  as  long  as 
segment  four,  and  immovably  joined  to  this  segment;  it  has  many 
bristles,  a  prominent  spine  at  its  base  on  the  inside,  and  a  long,  slightly 
curved,  tactile  spine  at  its  apex.  Chelicerae  retractile,  when  extended 
slightly  surpassing  the  palpi ;  geniculate  at  about  their  middle,  and 
strongly  chelate  at  the  apex;  chelae  stout,  well  chitinized,  each  with  a 
prominent  tooth  on  its  inner  margin ;  fixed  chela  with  a  small  spine  on 
its  upper  margin  about  one-third  the  distance  from  its  base  to  apex ; 
at  the  base  of  the  fixed  chela  on  its  lower  side  is  situated  a  long  pectin- 
ate seta,  about  equal  to  the  chelae  themselves  in  length  and  with  barbs 
on  one  side  only.  Hypostome  prominent ;  about  two  and  one-half 
times  as  long  as  broad,  with  three  prominent  bristles,  and  ending  in 
two  large  cusps,  between  which  is  the  tongue  or  lingula ;  lingula  as 
long  as  the  cusps  of  the  hypostome,  with  some  hairs  along  its  sides, 
divided  at  its  median  line  into  halves  each  of  which  ends  in  a  curved 
setaceous  tip. 

Cephalothorax  not  demarcated  from  abdomen;  bearing  a  pair  of 
small  anteriorly  directed  setae  on  its  anterior  margin  near  the  median 
line.  Shoulder  bristles  but  little  larger  than  the  other  bristles  of  the 
body.  Sternum  extending  to  between  the  third  pair  of  coxae ;  pos- 
terior margin  concave.  The  sternum  bears  three  pairs  of  subequal, 
backwardly  directed,  simple,  almost  straight  setae. 

Abdomen  broad,  evenly  rounded  behind.     Peritreme  extending  from 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  455 

the  anterior  margin  of  the  cephalothorax  to  the  level  of  the  third 
coxae;  it  is  bent  upon  itself  just  before  the  stigma  is  reached.  Stigmal 
plate  extending  but  little  beyond  the  stigma,  truncate  at  this  end  and  of 
about  equal  width  throughout  its  length,  and  bearing  two  obscure  hairs, 
one  on  each  side  of  the  stigma.  Metasternalia  present,  small,  triangular ; 
each  bearing  a  simple,  curved  seta.  Genital  plate  semidisc-shaped,  with 
a  single  pair  of  bristles.  This  plate  is  situated  directly  between  the 
fourth  pair  of  coxae,  and  joins  the  anal  plate  along  a  straight,  trans- 
verse suture.  Anal  plate  large,  somewhat  shield-shaped ;  with  four 
pairs  of  bristles.  Anus  circular,  situated  near  the  posterior  margin  of 
anal  plate,  surrounded  with  a  thickened  border  of  chitin  in  the  form  of 
a  collar;  at  the  outside  margin  of  the  collar  is  situated  one  of  the 
four  pairs  of  setae  found  on  the  anal  plate. 

Legs  stout;  anterior  pair  as  long  as  the  body;  second  pair  about 
three-fourths  as  long,  but  much  thickened ;  third  pair  subequal  in 
length  to  second ;  last  pair  equal  to  the  first  in  length,  and  extending 
beyond  the  posterior  margin  of  the  abdomen  by  the  full  length  of  its 
last  two  segments.  Tarsus  of  leg  I  slightly  longer  than  tibia,  and  end- 
ing in  several  tactile  hairs ;  tibia  considerably  longer  than  patella ;  pa- 
tella subequal  to  femur.  The  tarsi  of  the  last  three  pairs  of  legs  each 
bear  a  stout  pair  of  claws,  between  which  is  situated  an  expanded, 
hyaline  pulvillus.  The  spines  toward  the  end  of  tarsus  of  leg  II  are 
suddenly  narrowed  near  their  tips,  and  end  in  strongly  chitinized, 
thorn-like  processes.  Length  of  body,  0.97  mm. ;  width,  0.62  mm. 

From  Ithaca,  New  York,  on  Musca  domestica,  by  Dr.  J.  F. 
Illingworth  and  by  the  writer.  From  Corvallis,  Oregon,  on 
Musca  domestica,  by  the  writer. 

Description  made  from  five  female  specimens,  one  of  which 
was  dissected.  This  species  is  quite  distinct  from  any  of  our 
known  American  forms.  I  find  that  according  to  natural  ar- 
rangement it  comes  next  to  Macrocheles  muscorum  Ewing,  in 
my  collection.  It  differs  from  this  species  in  being  about  twice 
as  large,  in  having  triangular  metasternalia  instead  of  circular, 
in  having  the  anal  plate  subshield-shaped  instead  of  being 
oblong  oval,  as  well  as  in  many  other  particulars. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
Banks,  N. — 1904 — A  Treatise  on  the  Acarina,  or  Mites.     Proc.  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  XXVIII,  pp.  1-114. 
Banks,   N. — 1905 — Descriptions    of    Some   New   Mites.     Proc.    Entom. 

Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  VII,  pp.  133-142. 


456  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

Banks,  N. — 1907 — A  Catalogue  of  the  Acarina,  or  Mites,  of  the  United 

States.     Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  XXXII,  pp.  595-625. 
Banks,   N. — 1910 — New  American  Mites.     Proc.   Entom.   Soc.  Wash., 

Vol.  XII,  pp.  2-12,  pis.  I-III. 
Banks,   N. — 1912 — New   American  Mites.      Proc.   Entom.    Soc.  Wash., 

Vol.  XIV,  pp.  96-99,  Pis.  ML 
Berlese,  A. — 1904 — Acari  Nuovi,  Manipulus  Secundus.     Redia,  Vol.  I, 

fasc.  2,  pp.  258-280. 
Canestrini,  G. — 1885-1897 — Prospetto  dell'  Acarofauna  Italiana.    7  parts. 

Padova. 

Doane,  R.  W— 1910—  Insects  and  Disease.     Pp.  I-XIV,  1-227.     Pub- 
lished by  Holt  and  Co.,  New  York. 
Ewing,   H.   E. — 1909 — New   North   American   Acarina.     Trans.   Acad. 

Sci.  St.  Louis,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  5,  pp.  53-57,  pis.  VIII-XI. 
Ewing,  H.  E. — 1911 — The  Origin  and  Significance  of  Parasitism  in  the 

Acarina.    Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  Vol.  XXI,  No.  i,  pp.  1-70,  pis. 

I-VII. 
Herms,  W.  B.— 1911— The  House  Fly  in  its  Relation  to  Public  Health. 

Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Calif.,  Bull.  215,  pp.  513-548. 
Howard,  L.  O. — 1911 — The  House  Fly,  Disease  Carrier.     Pp.  I-XIX, 

1-312.    Published  by  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Company,  New  York. 
Howard,   L.    O. — 1911 — House   Flies.     U.    S.   Dep't.   Agric.,    Farmers' 

Bull.  459,  pp.  1-15. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XVII. 

Macrocheles  muscae  n.  sp.  a,  Adult  female,  dorsal  view;  b,  ventral 
view  of  body  of  female ;  c,  ventral  view  of  distal  end  of  tarsus  of 
leg  II;  d,  left  metasternalium ;  e,  tip  of  right  palpus  as  seen  from 
above ;  /,  outside  view  of  chela  of  left  chelicera ;  g,  posterior  part 
of  peritreme  and  stigmal  plate  showing  the  tracheal  trunk  filled  with 
air  vacuoles. 


Crane-flies  and  Sweets  (Diptera). 

Mr.  Claude  Morley,  in  The  Entomologist,  for  July,  1913,  mentions 
observing  Tipula  sucking  sweets.  He  says :  "On  May  23rd  I  was 
much  struck  by  the  unwonted  attitude  of  a  female  Tipula  peliostigma, 
which  was  sitting  on  a  dogwood  leaf  with  her  body  closely  appressed. 
This  appeared  so  unusual  in  the  insects  of  this  genus,  which  seem 
to  invariably  stand  high  upon  the  tips  of  their  elongate  legs,  that  I 
looked  more  closely,  and  found  that  she  was  greedily  sucking  the 
honey  dew  which  had  fallen  from  a  batch  of  aphids.  *  *  *  I 
have  never  met  with  Tipulae  on  honey  dew  before,  and  consider  the 
incident  remarkable;  but  that  the  genus  is  fond  of  sweets  is,  I  be- 
lieve, a  well  known  fact."  He  further  mentions  observing  species 
of  this  genus  "distinctly  sucking  the  sweets  from  the  stylopods  of 
Angelica  sylvestris  *  *  *,"  and  of  taking  them  on  overnight 
"sugar," 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXIV. 


Plate  XVII. 


MACROCHELES    MUSCAE-ewiNG. 


Vol.    Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  457 

Three  new  Genera  of  Chalcidoid  Hymenoptera  from 

Queensland. 

By    A.  A.    GIRAULT,    Nelson    (Cairns),    North    Queensland, 

Australia. 

Types  of  the  following  species  are  in  the  Queensland  Mu- 
seum, Brisbane. 

Family  EULOPHIDAE. 

ElULOPHINI. 
Eulophinusia  new  genus. 

Fentale. — Differing  from  all  the  genera  of  its  tribe  in  bear- 
ing 8-jointed  antennae  with  a  4-jointed  funicle,  the  club  solid, 
one  ring-joint.  Scutellum  simple;  parapsidal  furrows  not 
complete,  only  cephalad.  Antennal  club  not  terminating  in  a 
nipple.  Propodeum  with  a  short  median  carina.  Mesopost- 
scutellum  rather  large,  well  separated ;  pronotum  also  well 
separated.  Postmarginal  vein  long,  a  third  longer  than  the 
stigmal,  the  marginal  vein  shorter  than  the  submarginal. 
Small.  Abdomen  ovate.  Marginal  vein  about  two  and  a 
quarter  times  the  length  of  the  stigmal.  Antennae  inserted 
on  a  level  with  the  ventral  ends  of  the  eyes.  Mandibles  with 
four  or  five  minute  teeth.  Abdominal  segments  more  or  less 
equal,  none  greatly  lengthened. 

Male. — Not  known. 

Type. — The   following  species: 

1.  Eulophinusia  cydippe   n.   sp. 

Female. — Length,  1.12  mm. 

Dark  metallic  green,  the  abdomen  coppery,  the  wings  hyaline,  the 
antennas  dusky ;  legs  yellowish  white  but  the  coxae  more  or  less  con- 
colorous.  Thorax  densely,  finely,  scaly  reticulated  but  the  scutellum 
and  propodeum  much  finer,  opaque  or  very  finely  alutaceous.  First 
and  second  funicle  joints  longer  than  wide,  subequal,  longest  of  the 
funicle,  the  remaining  two  more  or  less  subequal,  wider  than  long; 
club  short  but  longer  than  any  of  the  funicle  joints,  the  first  of  which 
is  only  slightly  shorter  than  the  pedicel. 

(From  one  specimen,  2-3-inch  objective;  i-inch  optic,  Bausch  and 
Lomb.) 

Male. — Not  known. 

Described  from  a  solitary  specimen  captured  by  sweeping 
foliage  and  grass  of  forest  along  the  military  road,  March  3, 
1912. 


458  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

Habitat. — Australia,  Thursday  Island   (Torres  Strait). 

Type. — The  above  specimen  on  a  tag,  the  head,  a  hind  leg 
and  a  fore  wing  on  a  slide  with  the  type  of  Archenomus  niger 
Girault. 

OPHEUMINI. 
Opheliminus    new    genus. 

Female. — Like  Alophomorpha  Girault  in  antennal  struc- 
ture and  otherwise  but  the  scutellum  is  simple,  the  median 
carina  of  the  propodeum  is  present  but  the  short  sulcus  on 
each  side  absent.  Also  the  abdomen  is  long,  pointed  conic- 
ovate,  depressed  above,  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax  com- 
bined. Mandibles  with  about  five  teeth. 

Male. — Not  known. 

Type. — The   following  species: 

1.  Opheliminus  grotii  n.  sp. 

Female. — Length,  2.50  mm. 

Brilliant  metallic  green,  the  wings  hyaline,  the  abdomen  dark  pur- 
plish, dorsad  with  a  pale  yellowish,  large,  suhquadrate  area  cen- 
trally a  short  distance  from  base ;  ventrad  this  area  is  noticeably 
larger.  Legs  white  except  proximal  part  of  hind  coxa;  scape  also 
white,  edged  with  dusky  above,  the  flagellum  black,  the  first  funicle 
joint  about  twice  the  length  of  the  pedicel,  the  second  and  third  joints 
subequal  and  little  the  longest  and  stoutest;  first  club  joint  longest, 
equal  in  length  to  the  other  two  combined.  Reticulated,  including 
the  propodeum.  Fore  wings  densely  ciliate  discally,  the  marginal 
cilia  extremely  short. 

(From  one  specimen,  similarly  magnified.) 

Male. — Not  known. 

Described  from  a  single  female  captured  by  sweeping  in 
forest  and  along  a  jungle-clad  forest  streamlet,  June  27,  1913. 

Habitat. — Australia,  Nelson  (Cairns),  North  Queensland. 

Type. — The  above  specimen  on  a  tag,  the  head  and  hind 
tibiae  together  on  a  slide. 

This  beautiful  species  is  respectfully  dedicated  to  Hugo 
Grotius. 

iBLACHERTlNI. 

Genus   Pseudiglyphus    Girault. 

This  genus  was  originally  assigned  to  the  Hemiptersenini, 
but  it  belongs  here  since  the  parapsidal  furrows  are  complete. 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  459 

Family  EURYTOMIDAE. 

Genus  Bephratoides  Girault   (nee  Brues). 
This  name  is  preoccupied.    For  it  I  propose  the  new  name, 
Bephratelloides. 

Family  PTEROMAUDAE. 

SPHEGIGASTERINI. 
Polycystoides  new  genus. 

Female. — Like  Polycystus  Westwood  but  the  antennae  only 
n-jointed,  the  club  solid;  moreover,  the  petiole  of  the  ab- 
domen is  short  and  stout,  the  median  carina  of  the  propodeum 
is  intersected  by  a  distinct  transverse  carina  from  side  to  side 
and  the  cephalic  margin  of  the  propodeum  is  carinated ;  the 
propodeum  with  a  distinct  neck  and  spiracular  sulci ;  between 
the  median  carina  and  the  spiracle  along  the  cephalic  margin 
is  a  large  fovea.  Mandibles  strongly  tridentate ;  transverse 
suture  on  scutellum  faint.  Second  abdominal  segment  occu- 
pying about  a  fourth  of  the  surface.  Propodeum  reticulated, 
the  thorax  inflexed  at  the  scutellum.  Head  very  large  but 
wider  than  long.  Postmarginal  vein  longer  than  the  stigmal. 
Distal  margin  of  scutellum  carinated.  Antennas  with  two  ring- 
joints.  Abdomen  stout,  conic-ovate,  somewhat  longer  than 
the  thorax.  Axillae  widely  separated.  Parapsidal  furrows 
incomplete.  Hind  margins  of  abdominal  segments  straight. 

Male. — Not  known. 

Type. — The  following  species: 

1.  Polycystoides  tennysoni  n.  sp. 

Female. — Length,  2.50  mm. 

Dark  blue,  opaque  and  punctate,  the  wings  hyaline,  the  abdomen 
shining  aeneous  green ;  legs  and  antennae  yellowish  brown  but  the 
coxae  dark  blue  and  the  club  (which  is  enlarged)  and  distal  funicle 
joint  are  black.  Ring  joints  stout;  first  three  funicle  joints  distinctly 
longer  than  wide,  of  them  2  and  3  longest,  subequal,  each  a  little 
shorter  than  the  pedicel ;  joint  4  of  funicle  only  a  little  longer  than 
wide;  joints  5  and  6  shortening,  6  distinctly  much  wider  than  long. 
Club  about  half  the  length  of  the  funicle.  Scape  long  and  cylindri- 
cal. Tarsi  pale. 

(From  one  specimen,  similarly  magnified.) 

Male. — Not  known. 

Described   from  a  single   female  captured  April    13, 
by  sweeping  along  the  edges  of  the  jungle. 


460 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[Dec.,  '13 


Habitat. — Australia,  Nelson   (Cairns),  Queensland. 

Type. — The  above  specimen  on  a  tag,  the  hind  legs  and 
head  on  a  slide. 

This  remarkable  fortri  is  dedicated  with  respect  to  the  poet 
Tennyson. 


Preliminary  List  of  Heteroccra  Captured  in  and 
around  St.  Louis,  Missouri  (Lep.). 

Sphingidae  to  Sesiidae  Arranged  According  to  Dyar's  List  of  North 

American  Lepidoptera. 

Compiled  by  PAUL  A.  SCHROERS,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


SPHINGIDAE. 
653     Hemaris 


diffinis  Boisd. 

a.   axillaris  Gr.   & 

Rob. 
656  thysbe  Fab. 

a.  ruficaudis  Kir. 

667  Amphyon  nessus  Cr. 

668  Sphecodina  abbottii  Swain. 

669  Deidamia  inscriptum  Har. 

670  Deilephila  gallii  Rott. 

671  lineata  Fab. 

672  Theretra  tersa  L. 

677  Pholus   vitis   L.    (one   spec. 

by  F.  Malkmus). 

678  pandorus  Hub. 

679  achemon  Dr. 

681  Ampelophaga  choerilus  Cr. 

682  myron  Cr. 

683  versicolor 

Har. 

686    Dilophonota  ello  L. 
692  obscura  Fab. 

696  Phlegethontius  celeus  Hub. 

697  sexta  Joh. 
699a  cingulata 

Fab.  (one 
speci- 
men). 

701     Sphinx  drupiferarum  Sm.  & 
Abb. 


703  Sphinx  gordius  Stall. 

704  luscitiosa   Clem. 
706  chersis  Hub. 

716  eremitus  Hub. 

717  plebeja  Fab. 
719  Dolba  hylaeus  Dr. 

721  Ceratomia  amyntor  Geyer. 

722  undulosa    Walk. 
724  catalpae  Boisd. 

728  Marumba  modesta  Har. 

729  Smerinthus  jamaicensis  Dr. 

731  Paonias  excoecatus    Sm.  & 

Ab. 

732  myops  Sm.   &  Ab. 
734  Cressonia  juglandis  Sm.   & 

Ab. 

SATURNIIDAE. 

739  Samia  cecropia  L. 

744  Callosamia  promethea  Dr. 

747  Tropaea  luna  L. 

748  Telea  polyphemus   Cr. 
753  Automeris  io  Fab. 

CERATOC  AM  PIDAE. 

767  Anisota  stigma  Fab. 

770  virginiensis  Dr. 

771  rubicunda  Fab. 

772  Adelocephala  bicolor  Har. 
774  Syssisphinx  bisecta  Lint. 
776  Citheronia  regalis  Fab. 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


461 


778    Basilona  imperialis  Dr. 
787     Scepsis  fulvicollis  Hub. 
792     Lycomorpha  pholus  Dr.  (by 

G.  Hosenfeldt). 
798    Ctenucha  virginica  Charp. 

LITHOSIIDAE. 
807     Hypoprepia  miniata  Kir. 

ARCTIIDAE. 

834    Eubaphe  aurantiaca  van 
a.  rubicundaria 

Hub. 

c.  brevicornis  Wai. 
836    Utetheisa  bella  L. 

ornatrix  L. 

Haploa  clymene  Brown. 
colonna  Hub. 
lecontei  Boisd. 
Var.      e.      militaris 

Harvey. 

i.  vestalis  Pack. 
confusa   Lyman. 
Euerythra   phasma   Harvey. 
Ecpantheria  deflorata  Fab. 
var.  b.  denuda- 

ta  Slosson. 
Estigmene  acraea  Dr. 

congrua   Walk. 
Hyphantria  cunea  Dr. 

textor  Har. 

Isia  Isabella  Srn.  &  Ab. 
Diacrisia  virginica  Fab. 
Apantesis  virgo  L. 

oithona  5Vr. 

rectilinea 


837 
838 
839 
840 


841 
843 
846 


851 
854 
855 
856 
859 
862 
874 
879 


var.   a. 


880 


882 
892 
894 
895 


anna  Gr. 

var.      a.      perse- 

phone  Gr. 
arge  Dr. 
figurata  Dr. 
nais  Dr. 
vittata  Fofc. 
var.  a.  radians. 
b.  phalerata  Har. 


Ammalo  eglenensis  Cl. 
Euchaetias  egle  Dr. 
Pygarctia  spraguei  Gr.  (one 

spec.) 
Halisidota  tesselaris  Sm.  & 


907 
910 
917 

919 


AGARISTIDAE 
949    Alypia  octomaculata  Fab. 

NOCTUIDAE. 
964    Charadra  deridens  Walk. 


967 

968 

972 

983 

984 

990 

991 

993 

994 

995 

999 

1007 

1012 

1014 

1024 

1026 

1037 

1039 

,1041 

1053 

1054 

1055 
1059 

1060 
1067 
1074 
1084 
1087 

1088 
1089 


illudens    Guenee. 
Raphia  frater  Gr. 
Apatela  americana  Har. 

populi  Riley. 

lepusculina   Gwen. 

morula  Gr. 

interrupta  Guen. 

lobeliae  Guen. 

furcifera  Gw^n. 

hasta  Guen. 

radcliffei  Har. 

connecta  Gr. 

vinnula  Gr. 

grisea   Walk. 

modica  Walk. 

brumosa  CM^«. 

xyliniformis  Guen. 

impleta   Walk. 

oblinita  5">n.  <&•  Ab. 
Harrisimemna         trisignata 


Microcoelia        dipteroides 

Guen. 
Jaspidea  lepidula  Gr. 

teratophora     Her.- 

Sch. 

Diphtera  fallax  Hcr.-Sch. 
Chytonix  palliatricula  (7»r«. 
Baileya  australis   Gr. 
Catabena   lineolata    Walk. 
Crambodes    talidiformis 

Guen. 

Platysenta  videns  Guen. 
albipuncta    Gr. 


462 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[Dec.,  '13 


1092 
1  100 
1115 
1117 
1158 
1116 
1202 
1212 
1220 
1227 
1230 
1232 
1235 
1267 
1277 
1289 
1290 
1291 
1295 

1300 
1302 

1312 
1397 

1454 
1467 

1476 
1478 
1481 
1484 
1489 
1490 
1514 
1538 
1545 
1552 
1559 
1574 

1598 
1603 
1649 


Balsa  malana  Fitch. 
Anortodes  prima  Smith. 
Perigea  xanthioides  Guen. 

vecors   Guen. 
Hadena  modica  Guen. 

mactata  Guen. 

miseloides  Guen. 

passer  Guen. 

vultuosa  Gr. 

dubitans   Walk. 

ducta  Gr. 

devastatrix  Brace. 

arctica  Boisd. 
Polia  diversilineata  Gr. 
Dryobota  illocata   Walk. 
Trachea  delicata   Gr. 
Dipterygea  scabriuscula  L. 
Actinotia    ramosula    Guen. 
Pyrophila      pyramidoides 

Guen. 

Prodenia  ornithogalli  Guen. 
Laphygma    frugiperda    Sm. 

&  Ab. 

Homohadena  badistriga  Gr, 
Rhynchagrotis          alternata 

Gr. 

Agrotis  ypsilon  Rottem. 
Peridroma  margaritosa  var. 

a.   saucia  Hub. 
Noctua  normaniana  Gr. 

bicarnea   Guen. 

c-nigrum  L. 

phyllophora   Gr. 

fennica    Tausch. 

plecta  L. 

lubricans   Guen. 
Feltia  subgothica  Haw. 

venerabilis   Walk. 
Porosagrotis   vetusta    Walk. 
rileyana  Morr. 
Paragrotis  quadridentata  Gr. 


perpolita  Morr. 
velleripennis   Gr. 
messoria   //or. 


1708     Paragrotis  albipennis  Gr. 

1753     Anytus  privatus  Walk. 

1762  Ufeus  satyricus  Grote.  Sev- 
eral specimens  taken  by 
Mr.  C.  Heink,  December 
25th,  1904. 

1781     Mamestra  meditata  Gr. 

1796  subjuncta  Gr.  & 

Rob. 

1807  picta  Har. 

1810  latex  Guen. 

1829  renigera  Steph- 

ens. 

1842  lorea  Guen. 

1890     Morrisonia  confusa  Hub. 

1950     Nephelodes    minians    Guen. 

1953  Heliophila   unipuncta   Haw. 

1954  pseudargyra 

Guen. 

1962  rubripennis      Gr. 

&  Rob. 

1963  albilinea    Hub. 
1978                         multilinea  Walk. 

1996  Orthodes   crenulata  But. 

1997  cynica  Guen. 

1998  vecors  Guen. 
2040     Graphiphora  alia  Guen. 
2059     Perigrapha  prima  Smith. 
2090    Xilina    antennata    Walk. 
2127     Cucullia  asteroides   Guen. 
2142    Rancora     solidaginis      (one 

spec.) 

2147     Bellura  gortynides    Walk. 
2151     Nonagria  subflava  Gr. 
2178     Papaipema         purpurifascia 

Gr.  &•  Rob. 
2197     Pyrrhia  umbra  Hiifnagel. 

2207  Scoleopteryx   libatrix   L. 

2208  Choeophora    fungorum    Gr. 

&  Rob. 

2214     Tapinostola  variana  Morr. 
2222     Orthosia   bicolorago   Guen. 
a.      ferruginoides 

Guen. 
2225  aurantiago    Guen. 


Vol.  xxiv] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


463 


2230    Orthosia  helva  Gr. 
2237     Scopelosoma  moflfatiana  Gr. 
2249     Glaea  sericea  Morr. 
2255     Epiglaea  decliva  Gr. 
2300     Heliothis  armiger  Hub. 
2307    Rhodophora  florida  Guen. 
2324     Schinia  chrysellus  Gr. 
2332  trifascia  Hub. 

2339  nundina  Dr. 

2346  lynx  Guen. 

2351  tertia  Gr. 

2353  jaguar ina  Guen. 

2354  arcifera  Guen. 

2360  thoreaui      Gr.       <&- 

Rob. 

2361  marginata  //aw. 

2427  Psychomorpha  epimenis  Dr. 

2428  Euthisaniota  unio  Hub. 
2430  grata    Fa&. 
2432     Noropsis   hieroglyphica    Cr. 

i     specimen    by    Mr.     G. 

Hosenfeldt. 
2437     Cirrhophanus       triangulifer 

Gr. 

2443     Basilodes  pepita  Guen. 
2448     Stiria    rugifrons    Gr. 
2452     Stibadium    spumosum   Gr. 
2456     Plagiomimicus       pityochro- 

mus  Gr. 
2464     Plusiodonta  compressipalpis 

Guen. 
2469     Panchrysia  purpurigera 

Walk. 

2474     Plusia   aerea   Hub. 
2476  balluca  Geyer. 

2480    Euchalcia  venusta  Walk. 

2485  Autographa  biloba  Steph. 

2486  verruca    Fa&. 

2487  rogationis 

Gtt^M. 

2488  precationis 

Guen. 

2493  ou  Guen. 

2496  brassicae  Riley. 


2517 
25193. 
2540 
2541 

2545 
2548 
2551 
2554 

2555 
2560 
2606 
2607 
2612 
2613 
2618 
2653 
2654 
2656 

2665 
2674 
2691 
2699 
2702 
2711 
2728 
2734 

2739 
2740 
2754 
2755 
2758 

2760 
2764 
2767 

2772 
2806 
2807 

2808 
2810 


Autographa  ampla  Walk. 
simplex  Kir. 

Ogdoconta  cinereola  Gw^n. 
carneola    Smith. 
Paectes  abrostoloides  Guen. 

occulatrix  Guen. 
Marasmalus    inficita    PFo/. 
Pteraetholix  bullula   Gr. 
Alabama  argillacea  Hub. 
Scolecocampa  liburna  Geyer. 
'Eustrotia  musta  Gr.  &  Rob. 
musculosa   Gtten. 
apicosa  Haw. 
carneola  Guen. 
Galgula  hepara  Guen. 
Metaponia  obtusa  Her.-Sch. 
perflava  Harvey. 
Chamyris     cerintha     Treit- 

schke. 

Tarache  lactipennis  //or. 
aprica  //M&. 
candefacta  Hub. 
Fruva  apicella  Gr. 
Spragueia  onagrus  Guen. 

guttata   Gr. 

Hyamia  perditalis   Walk. 
Homopyralis  contracta 

Walk. 

Isogona  natatrix  Guen. 
Hypsophora  monilis  Fafr. 
Drasteria  erechtea  Cr. 

crassiuscula  Haw. 
Caenurgia  convalescens 


Euclidia  cuspidea  Hub. 
Panula  inconstans  Guen. 
Meliopotis  nigrescens  Gr.  & 
Rob. 

versabilis  Har. 
Catocala  epione  Dr. 

sappho     *SVr.,     one 

specimen. 
agrippina  Sir. 
lacrymosa  Guen. 


(To  be  continued.) 


464  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

Aesthetic  Appreciation  in  Entomology. 

By  HARRY  B.  WEISS,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Perhaps  at  the  outset  it  would  be  well  to  explain  in  a  gen- 
eral way  just  what  is  meant  by  aesthetic  appreciation.  An 
aesthetic  experience,  for  example,  is  a  consciousness  of  the 
beautiful,  but  never  of  the  unattractive  or  ugly.  It  varies  more 
or  less  with  different  people  and  what  one  person  may  consider 
beautiful,  another  will  consider  ugly. 

The  perception  of  some  insects  for  instance  is  associated 
with  feelings  of  pleasure  and  attraction,  while  others  give  rise 
to  disagreeable  and  repulsive  feelings.  Practically  everybody 
experiences  the  former  feelings  while  viewing  members  of  the 
Lepidoptera,  while  only  persons  having  a  wider  knowledge  ot 
entomology  will  experience  such  feelings  in  connection  with 
the  Hemiptera.  In  other  words,  most  people  like  to  look  at  a 
butterfly  or  moth,  but  all  other  insects  are  classed  as  more  or 
less  repulsive  "bugs.'' 

As  a  rule  the  majority  of  people  will  credit  the  pleasurable 
feelings  to  the  diverse  colors  of  the  Lepidoptera  and,  while 
they  contribute  somewhat  to  the  total  result,  the  aesthetic  value 
of  this  order  depends  mostly  on  the  curved  lines  and  bilateral 
symmetry  of  its  members.  Curved  lines  are  more  pleasing 
and  are  considered  more  beautiful  than  straight  or  broken 
lines.  It  is  only  with  difficulty  that  broken  lines  are  grasped 
as  a  whole,  while  the  direct  opposite  is  true  of  continuous 
curves.  Gradual  or  sweeping  curves  are  also  more  pleasing 
than  abrupt  ones,  this  being  apparent  when  Tropaea  luna  is 
viewed  along  with,  say,  Papilla  turnus.  While  the  delicate 
green  of  Tropaea  luna  is  undoubtedly  attractive,  yet  its  aesthe- 
tic value  is  due  to  its  exquisite  curves  and  symmetry. 

In  a  general  way,  a  gradual  curve  upward  and  to  the  right 
is  most  pleasing,  and  such  curves  are  common  throughout  the 
Lepidoptera.  Approaching  this  in  its  capacity  for  stimulating 
pleasure  is  a  gradual  curve  downward  to  the  right.  Following 
this  are  curves  upward  to  the  left  and  downward  to  the  left. 
Referring  to  Tropaea  luna  again,  all  four  of  these  curves  are 
present  in  this  moth  and  strikingly  outlined. 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  465 

Coming  to  bilateral  symmetry,  the  aesthetic  value  of  this  de- 
pends upon  the  method  of  orientation  and  exploitation.  With 
the  Lepidoptera  the  eyes  usually  select  a  middle  part  and  then 
make  equal  movements  to  the  right  and  left.  This  is  the  nat- 
ural method  and  in  conformity  with  the  relations  of  the  eyes 
with  their  muscles. 

Practically  all  collectors  of  insects  start  with  the  Lepidoptera 
for  the  simple  reason  that  this  order  appeals  to  their  aesthetic 
taste.  This  taste  of  course  can  be  trained  and  the  mental  qual- 
ities along  entomological  lines  so  developed  that  the  level  of 
aesthetic  appreciation  is  raised  and  as  a  result  the  perceptions 
of  members  of  other  orders  of  insects  give  rise  to  pleasurable 
feelings  and  enjoyment.  Interest  and  ownership  of  course  do 
not  enter  into  aesthetic  appreciation.  If  you  enjoy  your  col- 
lection of  Coleoptera  or  Lepidoptera  because  it  is  yours,  you 
are  not  having  an  aesthetic  experience.  Aesthetic  pleasure  is 
an  entirely  disinterested  operation. 

The  Lepidoptera  on  account  of  their  form  will  always  stand 
first  in  the  order  of  aesthetic  value  and  the  arrangement  of  the 
other  orders  will  vary  of  course  with  different  individuals. 


A  Course  in  Applied  Entomology. 

The  Ohio  State  University  has  established  a  course  in  Applied 
Entomology'  and  announces  a  course  of  study,  leading  to  a  Bachelor 
of  Science  degree,  to  cover  four  years  of  under-graduate  work,  in- 
cluding such  subjects  as  Modern  Languages,  Chemistry,  Botany, 
Zoology,  Geology,  Horticulture  and  Agronomy  besides  a  number  of 
strictly  technical  Entomological  courses.  It  is  intended  to  fit  students 
for  technical  work  in  the  Bureau  of  Entomology,  Experiment  Sta- 
tions, State  and  Federal  Quarantine  Service  or  as  Investigators  in 
Boards  of  Health  or  other  professional  positions. 


Plates  of  Diptera  and  Hymenoptera. 

There  are  at  the  disposal  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.,  a  considerable  number  of  sets  of  extra  plates  struck  from 
the  original  engravings  made  for  the  Loew-Osten  Sacken  Dolicho- 
podidae.  Vol.  II  and  Ortalidae  and  Trypetidae,  Vol.  Ill;  also  plates  of 
Saussure's  American  Vespidae,  originally  printed  in  the  Smithsonian 
Miscellaneous  Collections,  No.  254.  The  latter  are  uncolored.  To 
persons  interested  in  the  two  orders  these  plates  will  be  distributed 
free  of  charge,  upon  application  to  the  Bureau  of  Entomology. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS. 

[The  Conductors  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL.  NEWS  solicit  and  will  thank- 
fully receive  Items  of  news  likely  to  Interest  Its  readers  from  any  source. 
The  author's  name  will  be  given  In  each  case,  for  the  Information  of 
cataloguers  and  bibliographers.] 


TO  CONTRIBUTORS. — All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience,  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  has  reached 
a  circulation,  both  in  numbers  and  circumference,  as  to  make  it  neces- 
sary to  put  "copy"  Into  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  each  number,  four 
weeks  before  date  of  Issue.  This  should  be  remembered  in  sending  special 
or  important  matter  for  a  certain  issue.  Twenty-five  "extras,"  without 
change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free,  when  they  are 
wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired,  this  should  be  stated 
on  the  MS.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowledged.  Proof  will 
be  sent  to  authors  for  correction  only  when  specially  requested. — Ed. 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  DECEMBER,   1913. 


The    Annual    Entomological   Meetings. 

Elsewhere  in  this  number  are  printed  announcements  of  the 
meetings  of  the  Entomological  Societies  to  be  held  in  Atlanta, 
Georgia,  during  the  Christmas  holidays,  in  conjunction  with 
the  meeting  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science.  The  attendance  in  general  at  Atlanta  will  not  be 
as  great  as  that  at  Cleveland  last  year,  owing  to  the  fact  that 
a  number  of  societies  of  zoological  and  other  interests  will 
meet  in  Philadelphia.  The  separation  is,  to  our  mind,  regret- 
table, but  the  best  that  can  be  done  under  the  circumstances  is 
to  make  the  entomological  program  in  the  Southern  City  as 
important  and  valuable  as  possible.  The  good  effect  is  to  be 
sought  for  not  only  in  the  minds  of  those  already  working  in 
entomology,  but  also  in  kindling  a  love  for  and  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  intellectual  and  practical  worth  and  usefulness  of 
our  science  in  those  who  as  yet  do  not  possess  them.  We  want 
Georgia  and  the  adjoining  States  to  have  their  opportunity 
as  well  as  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania. 

466 


Vol.   Xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  467 


Notes  and.    News. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL   GLEANINGS   FROM   ALL   QUARTERS 
OF    THE    GLOBE. 

The  Lepidopterous  Caterpillar  in  the  Bromeliad  from  Costa  Rica. 

In  the  list  of  bromeliadicolous  insects  from  Juan  Vinas,  Costa  Rica, 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  November,  1911  (Vol.  XXII,  p.  405").  was  a 
Lepidopterous  larva  which  Dr.  Dyar  said  was  an  Hepialid.  I  had  cer- 
tain reasons  of  my  own  for  doubting  this  determination,  but  not  being 
a  lepidopterist,  and  knowing  that  Dr.  Dyar  is  keen  on  larval  charac- 
ters, I  was  bound  to  accept  it. 

Now  Dr.  Dyar  has  received  his  first  authentic  larva  of  a  Castnia  and 
has  told  me  that  he  can  find  no  characters  to  distinguish  larvae  of 
Hepialidae  and  Castniidae.  This  has  caused  me  to  discuss  this  larva 
from  the  bromeliad  with  him  and  he  now  agrees  that  it  is  in  all  prob- 
ability Castnia.  Neither  of  us  could  think  of  records  of  Hepialidae 
from  monocotyledonous  plants,  while  the  Castniidae  seem  to  affect  just 
these  plants.  Castnia  lycus  is  a  pest  on  sugar  cane  and  other  species 
are  recorded  from  Bromeliaceae  (see  Stichel,  H.,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr., 
Vol.  53,  1008,  pp.  207-208,  and  Kirby,  W.  F.,  Handb.  Lepid.,  Vol.  3, 

1897-  P.  35). 

Since  writing  the  above  I  have  looked  up  the  larval  habits  of  the 
Hepialidae  and  find  that  they  attack  cryptogamous  (ferns)  as  well  as 
phaenogamous  plants  and  among  these  latter  several  monocotyledons 
are  recorded.  Hoffmann  states  that  the  larvae  of  Hepialus  lupulinus 
L.  feed  upon  the  roots  of  Triticum  vulgar?  (wheat)  and  Triticum 
repens  (Raupen  der  Schmetterlinge  Europas,  1893,  p.  48)  ;  Meyrick 
records  the  same  species  from  several  dicotyledons  and  also  the  mono- 
cotyledon Narcissus  (Handbook  of  British  Lepidoptera,  1895,  p.  800). 
As  far  as  known  the  European  and  American  Hepialidae  are  all  root 
feeders,  but  in  Australia  a  number  of  species  are  known  to  bore  in  the 
stems  of  plants  and  the  solid  wood  of  trees. — FREDERICK  KNAB,  U.  S. 
National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. 


A  Sealed  Paper  Carton  to  Protect  Cereals  from  Insect  Attack. 

The  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  has  just  issued  a 
bulletin  (No.  15)  in  which  a  sealed  cardboard  container  for  cereals 
is  described,  which  should  do  much  to  protect  cereals  from  insect 
attack. 

The  economic  importance  of  such  a  container  for  cereals  which 
the  grocer  sells  by  the  box  is  greater  than  at  first  appears.  Packages 
may  become  infested  while  in  the  grocer's  storeroom  or  on  his 


468  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

shelves.  Warehouses  are  also  usually  more  or  less  infested  by  insects 
which  crawl  around  on  the  packages.  When  such  packages  are  pur- 
chased the  buyer,  on  discovering  that  they  have  been  attacked,  usually 
returns  them  to  the  grocer;  the  grocer  returns  them  to  the  mill 
where  they  were  prepared  and  the  mill  screens  the  cereal  and  sells 
it  as  feed.  The  exact  financial  loss  due  to  these  conditions  can  not  be 
accurately  determined,  but  extensive  observations  lead  to  the  belief 
that  it  is  much  greater  than  most  millers  suppose. 

The  new  bulletin,  which  is  a  contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  En- 
tomology, gives  photographs  of  the  insects  which  attack  stored  cereal 
products.  It  gives  the  results  of  experiments  in  California  with  pack- 
ages that  were  regularly  closed  by  gluing  the  ends,  and  with  those 
which  were  covered  by  a  piece  of  label  paper  so  that  an  insect  could 
not  enter  without  piercing  the  label.  The  result  of  this  experiment 
showed  that  the  non-labeled  packages  were  thoroughly  infested  by 
insects,  while  the  labeled  packages  were  absolutely  free  from  insects. 

Besides  the  sealed  carton,  of  which  a  diagram  is  given,  other  forms 
of  packages  which  have  been  suggested  for  keeping  out  the  insects 
are  described.  The  bulletin  may  be  had  on  application  to  the  Divi- 
sion of  Publications,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 


Announcement  of  the  Eighth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Entomological 

Society  of  America. 

The  eighth  annual  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America 
will  be  held  in  Atlanta,  Georgia,  Tuesday  and  Wednesday,  December 
30  and  31,  in  affiliation  with  the  meetings  of  the  American  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science  and  other  affiliated  societies. 
Meetings  will  be  held  Tuesday  forenoon  and  afternoon,  beginning  at 
9.00  A.  M.,  and  on  Wednesday  forenoon.  The  meetings  of  the  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Economic  Entomologists  will  begin  Wednesday 
afternoon  with  other  meetings  on  Thursday  and  Friday. 

The  by-laws  provide  that  there  shall  be  held  at  the  annual  meeting 
a  technical  exhibit  of  entomological  materials  and  methods.  Any 
photographs,  drawings,  specimens,  novelties,  apparatus,  or  other  mat- 
ter of  interest  to  entomologists  which  you  may  wish  to  exhibit  will 
be  heartily  welcomed.  This  exhibit  will  remain  open  during  the  entire 
period  of  the  meeting,  for  the  examination  at  their  leisure,  of  those 
interested. 

The  annual  business  meeting  will  be  held  Wednesday  morning,  De- 
cember 31  st,  for  the  reports  of  the  executive  committee,  the  treasurer, 
the  editor  of  the  Annals,  the  auditing  committee,  the  election  of  new 
members,  and  the  transaction  of  all  other  business. 

The  Annual  Public  Address  will  be  given  on  Wednesday  evening, 


Vol.    XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  469 

December  3ist,  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt,  State  Entomologist  of  New  York. 
His  subject  will  be  "Gall  Insects." 

It  is  impossible  to  give  any  information  at  this  date  as  to  whether 
reduced  fares  will  be  available  to  Atlanta  or  not.  Practically  all  ticket 
agents  are  provided  with  tariff  regulations  and  can  tell  whether  con- 
vention rates  are  available  or  not.  If  the  certificate  form  of  ticket  is 
used  the  following  should  be  noted  : 

1.  Tickets  at  full  fair  for  the  GOING  journey  may  be  secured  within 
three  days   (exclusive  of  Sunday)   prior  to  and  during  the  first  three 
days  of  the  meeting.     The  advertised  dates  of  the  meeting,  A.  A.  A.  S., 
are  December  29,  1913,  to  January  3,  1914. 

2.  Present  yourself  at  the  railroad  station  for  ticket  and   certificate 
at  least  thirty  minutes  before  departure  of  the  train. 

3.  Certificates   are  not  ,kept  at  all   stations.     If  you   inquire  at  your 
station  you  will  find  out  whether  certificates  and  through  tickets   can 
be  obtained  to  the  place  of  meeting.     If  not  obtainable  at  your  home 
station,  the  agent  will  inform  you  at  what  station  they  can  be  obtained. 
You  can  in  such  case  purchase  a  local  ticket  thither,  and  there  pur- 
chase  through   ticket   and   secure   certificate   to   place   of   meeting.     Be 
sure  that  when  purchasing  your  going  ticket,  you  request  a  certificate. 
Do  not  make  the  mistake  of  asking  for  a  receipt. 

A  fee  of  25  cents  will  be  charged  at  the  meeting  for  validating  certifi- 
cates. No  refund  of  fare  will  be  made  on  account  of  failure  to  have 
certificate  validated. 

A  smoker  will  be  held  on  one  of  the  evenings  during  the  week  of  the 
meeting  of  the  A.  A.  A.  S.  The  date  will  be  announced  later. 

The  hotel  arrangements  enjoyed  by  members  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation  will   be  accorded  to   the  members   of   this   society.     The   same 
hotel   will  be   used    for  headquarters   as   that   used   by   the   American 
Association  of  Economic  Entomologists  and  will  be  announced  later. 
ALEX.  D.  MACGILLIVRAY,  Secretary-Treasurer. 
CHARLES  J.  S.  BETHUNE,  President. 


The  Twenty-sixth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Association  of 

Economic  Entomologists. 

The  26th  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Association  of  Economic 
Entomologists  will  be  held  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  on  December  31,  1913,  to 
January  2,  1914.  At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  this  Association  a 
plan  was  adopted  for  holding  a  meeting  of  this  Association  and  meet- 
ings of  the  sections  on  Horticultural  Inspection  and  Apiary  Inspection. 
At  that  time  it  was  arranged  that  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  Asso- 
ciation should  preside  over  these  sections  and  each  section  elect  a 
secretary,  who  will  record  the  proceedings  at  the  sectional  meeting. 
It  is  proposed  to  hold  a  general  meeting  of  this  Association  on  De- 


47°  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Dec.,   '13 

cember  31,  1913,  at  1.30  P.  M.,  at  which  time  the  general  business  of 
the  Association  will  be  transacted  and  the  annual  address  of  the 
President  will  be  presented.  Meetings  on  the  following  day  will  be 
devoted  to  the  reading  of  papers  before  the  Association  and  to  sec- 
tional meetings,  and  care  will  be  taken  to  arrange  the  program,  so 
that  rrtembers,  attending  the  sectional  meetings,  will  be  able  to  hear 
such  papers  at  the  general  meeting  as  may  be  of  special  interest  to 
them.  The  meeting  of  the  section  on  Horticultural  Inspection  will 
be  in  charge  of  Prof.  E.  L.  Worsham,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  the  Secre- 
tary of  this  section  is  Prof.  J.  G.  Sanders,  Madison,  Wis.  Prof.  Wil- 
mon  Newell  will  preside  over  the  section  on  Apiary  Inspection,  and 
the  Secretary  of  this  section  is  Dr.  E.  F.  Phillips,  Washington,  D.  C. 
The  general  arrangement  of  other  sessions  of  the  Association  at  this 
meeting  cannot  be  decided  upon  until  the  titles  of  papers  have  been 
received. 

In  accordance  with  our  usual  custom,  the  time  allowed  for  present- 
ing a  paper  should  not  exceed  15  minutes.  In  cases  where  the  subject 
may  be  of  particular  interest  to  all  members,  this  time  may  be  ex- 
tended, provided  it  will  not  result  in  overcrowding  the  program.  A 
considerable  number  of  members  have  already  signified  their  intention 
of  being  present  at  Atlanta,  and  a  meeting  of  unusual  interest  is  antici- 
pated. 

PROF.    P.  J.   PARROTT,   President,   Geneva,   New   York. 

A.  F.   BURGESS,  Secretary,   Melrose   Highlands,   Mass. 


Entomological  Literature. 

COMPILED    BY    E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR.,    AND    J.    A.    G.    REHN. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects,  how- 
ever, whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species,  will  be  recorded. 
The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
In  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published,  and  are  all 
dated  the  current  year  unless  otherwise  noted,  always  excepting  those 
appearing  in  the  January  and  February  issues  of  the  News,  which  are 
generally  dated  the  year  previous. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

The  records  of  systematic  papers  are  all  grouped  at  the  end  of  each 
Order  of  which  they  treat,  and  are  separated  from  the  rest  by  a  dash. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington. 

2 — Transactions,  American  Entomological  Society,  Philadelphia. 
3 — American  Naturalist.  4 — The  Canadian  Entomologist.  5 — 
Psyche.  8 — The  Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine,  London.  9 — 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  4/1 

The  Entomologist,  London.  10 — Nature,  London.  11 — Annals  and 
Magazine  of  Natural  History,  London.  18 — Ottawa  Naturalist. 
21 — The  Entomologist's  Record,  London.  22 — Zoologischer  An- 
zeiger,  Leipzig.  28 — Archives  d'Anatomie  Microscopique,  Paris. 
35 — Annales,  Societe  Entomologique  de  Belgique.  37 — Le  Natura- 
liste  Canadien,  Quebec.  44 — Verhandlungen,  K.  k.  zoologisch-botan- 
ischen  Gesellschaft  in  Wien.  50 — Proceedings  of  the  U.  S.  National 
Museum.  68 — Science,  New  York.  73 — Archives,  Zoologie  Experi- 
mentale  et  Generale,  Paris.  75 — Annual  Report,  Entomological 
Society  of  Ontario,  Toronto.  78 — Gardners'  Chronicle,  London. 
79 — La  Nature,  Paris.  84 — Entomologische  Rundschau.  86 — 
Annales,  Societe  Entomologique  de  France,  Paris.  87 — Bulletin, 
Societe  Entomologique  de  France,  Paris.  89 — Zoologische  Jahr- 
bucher,  Jena.  92 — Zeitschrift  fur  wissenschaftliche  insektenbiologie. 
119 — Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte,  Berlin.  131 — Proceedings,  South 
London  Entomological  and  Natural  History  Society.  153 — Bulletin, 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York.  166 — Interna- 
tionale Entomologische  Zeitschrift,  Guben.  169— "Redia,"  R.  Sta- 
zione  di  entomologia  Agraria  in  Firenze.  173 — Die  Grossschmet- 
terlinge  der  Erde,  Fauna  Americana,  von  A.  Seitz,  Stuttgart.  176 — 
Archiv  fur  entwicklungsmechanik  der  Organismen,  Leipzig.  177 — 
Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science,  London.  179 — Journal 
of  Economic  Entomology.  186 — Journal  of  Economic  Biology, 
London.  195 — Bulletin,  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Har- 
vard College,  Cambridge,  Mass.  198 — Biological  Bulletin,  Marine 
Biological  Laboratory,  Woods  Hole,  Mass.  201 — Memoires,  So- 
ciete Entomologique  de  Belgique.  216 — Entomologische  Zeitschrift, 
Frankfurt  a.  Main.  217 — Bulletin,  Societe  Entomologique  d'Egypte. 
218 — Mikrokosmos.  Zeitschrift  fur  die  praktische  Betatigung  aller 
Naturfreunde,  Stuttgart.  220 — New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Station,  New  Brunswick.  278 — Annales,  Societe  Zoologique 
Suisse  et  du  Museum  d'Histoire  de  Geneve,  Revue  Suisse  de  Zoolo- 
gie. 279 — Jenaische  Zeitschrift  fur  Naturwissenschaft.  285 — Na- 
ture-Study Review,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  311 — La  Science  au  XXe  Siecle, 
Paris.  322 — Journal  of  Morphology,  Philadelphia.  324 — Journal 
of  Animal  Behavior,  Cambridge,  Mass.  336 — Board  of  Agriculture, 
Trinidad.  344 — U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington, 
D.  C.  355 — Smithsonian  Institution  Report,  Washington,  D.  C. 
359 — Connecticut  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  New  Haven. 
368 — The  Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  State  Commission  of  Horticul- 
ture, Sacramento,  Cal.  394 — Parasitology,  Cambridge,  England. 
399— Proceedings  of  the  Cambridge  Philosophical  Society,  Cam- 
bridge, England.  411 — Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society.  418 — The  Philippine  Agricultural  Review,  Manila.  420— 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

Insecutor  Inscitiae  Menstruus:  A  monthly  journal  of  entomology, 
Washington,  D.  C.  437 — Sitzungsberichte  und  Abhandlungen  der 
Naturforschenden  Gesellschaft  zu  Rostock.  440 — Nouvelles  Ar- 
chives du  Museum  d'Histoire  Naturelle,  Paris.  441 — University  of 
Wyoming  Agricultural  Experimental  Station,  Laramie.  442 — 
Transactions  of  the  Connecticut  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
New  Haven.  443 — Unsere  Welt,  Bonn.  444 — Minnesota  Farmer's 
Library,  University  Farm,  St.  Paul.  445 — Trabajos  del  Laboratorio 
de  investigaciones  Biologicas  de  la  Universidad  de  Madrid.  446 — 
Transactions  of  the  Texas  Academy  of  Sciences,  Austin.  447 — 
Journal  of  Agricultural  Research,  Washington.  448 — Verhand- 
lungen  der  Physikalisch-Medicinischen  Gesellschaft  zu  Wurzburg. 
449 — British  Museum  (Natural  History)  Publications,  London. 
450 — Apuntes  de  Historia  Natural,  Buenos  Aires. 

GENERAL  SUBJECT.  Anon.— The  jubilee  meeting  of  the  En- 
tomological Society  of  Ontario,  18,  xxvii,  88-9.  Adkin,  R. — Label- 
ling entomological  specimens,  131,  1912-13,  7-12.  Bailey,  V. — Life 
zones  and  crop  zones  of  New  Mexico,  344,  Biol.  Sur.  No.  Am. 
Fauna,  No.  35.  Banks,  N. — Review  notes  on  entomology,  68, 
xxxviii,  276-77.  Bradley,  J.  C. — Description  of  localities,  411,  viii, 
91-93.  Cameron,  A.  E. — General  survey  of  the  insect  fauna  of  the 
soil  within  a  limited  area  near  Manchester  (England),  186,  viii, 
159-204.  Caesar,  L. — Some  new  or  unrecorded  Ontario  insect 
pests,  75,  1912,  100-105.  Dampf,  A. — Ueber  die  nomenklaturfrage, 
216,  xxvii,  122-23.  Doane,  R.  W. — An  annotated  list  of  the  litera- 
ture on  insects  and  disease  for  the  year  1912,  179,  vi,  366-385.  Eck- 
ardt,  W.  R. — Die  wetterpropheten  aus  dem  reiche  der  Lufte,  216, 
xxvii,  106-107  (cont.).  Fuchs,  Dr. — Ueberblick  ueber  die  forstliche 
entomologie,  216,  xxvii,  133-34  (cont.).  Fyles,  T.  W. — The  rise  in 
public  estimation  of  the  science  of  entomology,  75,  1912,  40-46. 
Goeldi,  E.  A. — Die  sanitarisch-pathologische  Bedeutung  der  insek- 
ten  und  verwandten  gliedertiere,  namentlich Berlin,  R.  Fried- 
lander  &  Sohn,  1913,  156  pp.  Headlee,  T.  J. — Report  of  the  ento- 
mological department  for  the  year  1912,  220.  Hentschell,  H. — Das 
insektenaquarium,  166,  vii,  141-42.  Hewitt,  C.  G. — Insect  food  of 
fresh  water  fishes,  12  pp.  (Repr.  4th  An.  Rept.  Com.  of  Conserva- 
tion, Ottawa,  1913.)  Hindle,  E. — A  Chinese  flea-trap,  399,  xvii,  284. 
Hoffmann,  F. — Schwalben  und  insekten,  216,  xxvii,  131.  Lochhead, 
W. — The  teaching  of  entomology  in  our  agricultural  colleges,  75, 
1912,  38-40.  Matheson,  R. — Aquatic  insects,  75,  1912,  92-97.  Monti, 
R. — Sur  les  relations  mutuelles  entre  les  elements  dans  le  systeme 
nerveux  central  des  insectes,  28,  xv,  349-433.  Paoli,  G. — Rivista 
degli  insetti  fossili,  169,  Ix,  1-58.  Sanchez  y  Sanchez,  D. — Sobre 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  473 

terminaciones  motrices  en  los  insectos,  445,  xi,  113-118.  Swaine, 
J.  M. — Notes  on  some  forest  insects  of  1912,  75,  1912,  87-91.  Theo- 
bald, F.  V. — Report  on  economic  zoology  for  1912.  South-Eastern 
Agricultural  College,  Wye,  England,  110  pp.  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.— 
On  nomenclature  The  principle  of  priority — its  use  and  abuse,  411, 
viii,  96-98.  Tothill,  J.  D.— (See  under  Lepidoptera.)  Turner,  H.  J. 
—The  terminology  of  variation,  21,  1913,  230-33.  Waite,  C.  M.— 
A  collector's  experiences,  285,  ix,  215-222.  Walker,  E.  M. — The 
faunal  zones  of  Canada,  75,  1912,  26-33.  Weiss,  H.  B. — Odor  pref- 
erences in  insects,  4,  1913,  302-304. 

ARACHNIDA,  ETC.  Buxton,  B.  H.— Coxal  glands  of  the 
Arachnids,  89,  Suppl.  xiv,  231-282.  Claude,  D. — L'araignee  sauteuse, 
79,  xli,  305-6.  Hadwen,  S. — On  "tick  paralysis"  in  sheep  and  man 
following  bites  of  "Dermacentor  venustus,"  394,  vi,  283-297.  Popo- 
vici-Baznosanu,  A. — Etude  biologique  sur  1'acarien  "Trichotarsus 
osmiae,"  73,  Hi,  32-42.  Robinson  &  Davidson. — The  anatomy  of 
"Argas  persicus,"  Ft.  2,  394,  vi,  217-256.  Weimar,  E.  R.— Beitrage 
zur  biologic  des  wasserbaren  "Macrobiotus  lacustris,"  218,  vii,  153- 
159. 


Brolemann,  H.  W. — Biospeologica  xxxi.  Glomerides  (Myria- 
podes),  73,  lii,  387-445.  Brolemann  et  Ribaut. — Essai  d'une  mono- 
graphic des  Schendylina,  440,  iv,  53-183.  Petrunkevitch,  A. — A 
monograph  of  the  terrestrial  palaeozoic  arachnida  of  No.  Am.,  442, 
xviii,  1-137.  Roewer,  C.  F. — Die  familie  der  Gonyleptiden  der  Opi- 
liones-Laniatores,  119,  Ab.  A,  H.  4-5,  1-472. 

APTERA  AND  NEUROPTERA.  Walker,  E.  M.— Mutual  adap- 
tation of  the  sexes  in  "Argia  moesta,"  4,  1913,  277-79. 

Clemens,  W.  A. — New  sp.  and  new  life  histories  of  Ephemeridac 
or  mayflies,  4,  1913,  246-262  (cont.).  Cummings,  B.  F. — Note  on 
the  crop  in  the  Mallophaga  and  on  the  arrangement  and  systematic 
value  of  the  crop-teeth,  11,  xii,  266-270.  Davis,  W.  T.— "William- 
sonia,"  a  new  genus  of  dragonflies  from  No.  Am.,  411,  viii,  93-96. 
Hood,  J.  D. — A  new  sp.  of  Heliothrips  (Thysanoptera)  from  Mary- 
land and  Illinois,  4,  1913,  308-11.  On  a  collection  of  Thysanoptera 
from  Panama,  5,  1913,  119-124.  Morgan,  A.  C. — New  gen.  and  sp. 
of  Thysanoptera,  with  notes  on  distribution  and  food  plants,  50, 
xlvi,  1-55. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Anon.— Catalepsie  des  phasmides,  311,  1913, 
175-76.  Brauns,  F. — Die  entstehung  der  nahrzelle  und  die  bedeu- 
tung  derselben  fur  das  wachsende  ei  bei  "Forficula  auricularia," 


474  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

437,  iv,  99-142.  Meek,  C.  F.  U. — The  metaphase  spindle  in  the 
spermatogenetic  mitoses  of  "Forficula  auricularia,"  177,  1913,  249- 
265. 


Vestal,  A.  C. — Local  distribution  of  grasshoppers  in  relation  to 
plant  associations,  198,  xxv,  141-180. 

HEMIPTERA.  Anon. — Insectes  nuisibles  dans  la  province.  Le 
"San  Jose  scale,"  37,  1913,  8-12.  Kell,  D.— Some  field  notes  on 
"Coccus  hesperidum,"  368,  ii,  617-19.  Renter,  O.  M.— Die  familie 
der  bett-  oder  hauswanzen  (Cimicidae),  ihre  phylogenie,  systema- 
tik,  oekologie  und  verbreitung,  92,  ix,  251-55  (cont.).  Wunn,  H. — 
Im  unterelsass  und  in  der  angrenzenden  rheinpfalz  festgestellte 
cocciden,  92,  ix,  255-58  (cont.). 

Abbott,  J.  F. — Corixidae  of  Georgia,  411,  viii,  81-91.  Reuter, 
O.  M. — Ueber  "Sixeonotus  luteiceps"  und  beschreibung  einer  neuen 
Bryocorine  (from  Texas),  35,  1913,  278-79. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Britton,  W.  E.— The  apple-tree  tent-cater- 
pillar (Malacosoma  americana),  359,  Bui.  177.  Dew,  J.  A. — Fall 
army  worm  (Laphygma  frugiperda),  179,  vi,  361-66.  Frohawk, 
F.  W. — Life  history  of  "Argynnis  hecate,"  9,  1913,  249-52.  Hoff- 
mann, F. — Zur  naturgeschichte  der  "Agrotis  collina,"  216,  xxvii, 
110-111. '  Kopec,  S. — Untersuchungen  ueber  die  regeneration  von 
larvalorganen  und  imaginalscheiben  bei  schmetterlingen,  176, 
xxxvii,  440-472.  Oberthur,  C. — Etudes  de  lepidopterologie  com- 
paree,  Fasc.  vii-viii.  Reum,  W. — 1st  die  puppe  von  "Pieris  brassi- 
cae"  ein  gunstiger  raum  zur  entwicklung  von  Microgaster?  216, 
xxvii,  107.  Richter,  V.  K.  J. — Ueber  wert  und  zweck  lepidoptero- 
logisch-faunistischer  publikationen,  84,  xxx,  85-87.  Saunders,  W. — 
An  invasion  of  cotton  moths  (Alabama  argillacea),  75,  1912,  84-85. 
Tothill,  J.  D. — Progress  of  the  introduction  of  the  insect  enemies 
of  the  brown-tail  moth  into  New  Brunswick  and  some  biological 
notes  on  the  host,  75,  1912,  57-61. 

Bandermann,  F. — Gelbe  falter  von  "Pieris  brassicae,"  166,  vii; 
151.  Barnes  &  McDunnough. — A  new  Pyromorphid  from  Texas, 
4,  1913,  295.  Beutenmuller,  W. — On  "Catocala  denussa  and  C. 
herodias,"  420,  i,  97-98.  Busck,  A. — A  new  "Acrolophus"  from 
British  Guiana,  420,  i,  117.  Dyar,  H.  G. — The  separation  of  some 
species  of  "Lineodes."  Descriptions  of  six  new  Pyralidae  from 
British  Guiana.  A  note  on  "Diathrausta  nerinalis."  Notice  of 
Vol.  II,  No.  4,  of  Barnes  &  McDunnough's  "Contributions  to  the 
Natural  History  of  the  L.  of  No.  America,"  420,  i,  94-96,  98-100, 
100-102,  102-106.  Note  on  the  American  silvery  species  of  "Argy- 
ria."  An  additional  note  on  "Calyptocome,"  420,  i,  111-114,  120. 
Fruhstorfcr,  H. — Uebersicht  der  Gerydinae  und  diagnosen  neuer 


Vol.    XXlv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  475 

oder  verkannter  formen,  92,  ix,  242-247  (cont.).  Gibbs,  A.  E. — The 
genus  Coenonympha,  131,  1912-13,  13-20.  Hampson,  G.  F. — Cata- 
logue of  the  Noctuidae  in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum, 
626  pp.,  449.  Seitz,  A.— "Heliconius"  (in  part),  173,  Lief.  49-50. 
Seitz,  Fruhstorfer,  Jordan  &  Lehmann. — Die  Grossschmetterlinge 
der  Erde.  Fauna  americana,  Lief.  51-53,  pp.  393-424.  Smolian,  K. 
— Ueber  die  variabilitat  des  braunen  barenspinners  (Arctia  caja), 
279,  1,  411-600.  Walsingham,  Lord. — Biologia  Centrali-Americana. 
Lepidoptera  Heterocera,  iv,  113-224. 

DIPTERA.  Anon.— The  cherry  fruit  fly  (Rhagoletis  cerasi), 
78,  liv,  271.  Anon.— Das  liebesleben  der  "Musca  domestica,"  166, 
vii,  138-39  (cont.).  Austen,  E.  E. — The  house-fly  as  a  danger  to 
health,  449,  EC.  Ser.  1,  11  pp.  Buttrick,  P.  L.— The  effect  of  tides 
and  rainfall  on  the  breeding  of  salt  marsh  mosquitoes,  179,  vi, 
352-59.  Coad,  B.  R. — Oviposition  habits  of  "Culex  abominator,"  4, 
1913,  265-66.  Edwards,  F.  W. — Sexual  dimorphism  in  a  species 
of  "Sciara,"  8,  1913,  209-11.  Gerbig,  F.— Ueber  Tipuliden-larven 
mit  besonderer  berucksichtigung  der  respirationsorgane,  89,  xxxv, 
127-184.  Holmes,  S.  J. — Note  on  the  orientation  of  "Bombilius" 
to  light,  68,  xxxviii,  230.  Mitzmain,  M.  B. — The  surra-conveying 
fly  of  the  Philippines  and  some  factors  concerned  in  control  meas- 
ures, 418,  vi,  371-379.  Niewenglowski,  G.  H. — La  transmisson  des 
maladies  par  les  mouches,  37,  xl,  33-38.  Ross,  W.  A. — Recent  work 
of  the  apple  maggot  in  Ontario,  75,  1912,  67-72.  Severin  &  Severin. 
— A  historical  account  of  the  use  of  kerosene  to  trap  the  Mediter- 
ranean fruit-fly  (Ceratitis  capitata),  179,  vi,  347-351.  Swingle,  L.  D. 
—The  life  history  of  the  sheep-tick  (Melophagus  ovinus),  441,  Bui. 
99.  Washburn,  F.  L. — Flies  and  their  control,  444,  Ext.  Bui.  43. 
Webster  &  Parks. — The  serpentine  leaf-miner  (Agromyza  pusilla), 
447,  1,  59-87. 

Alexander,  C.  P. — The  Tipulidae  in  Brunetti's  "Fauna  of  British 
India:  Diptera  nematocera,"  420,  i,  118-120.  Enderlein,  G. — Neues 
und  altes  ueber  Chloropiden,  22,  xlii,  352-374.  Felt,  E.  P.— Three 
new  gall  midges,  4,  1913,  304-308.  Table  of  hickory  leaf  midge 
galls,  411,  viii,  98-99.  Johnson,  C.  W. — A  study  of  the  Clusiodidae 
(Heteroneuridae)  of  the  eastern  U.  S.,  5,  1913,  97-101.  Knab,  F.— 
New  moth-flies  (Psychodidae)  bred  from  Bromeliaceae  and  other 
plants,  50,  xlvi,  103-106.  A  new  "Heterostylum"  from  Mexico, 
420,  i,  110-11.  Malloch,  J.  R. — Three  new  No.  American  D.,  4, 
1913,  273-75,  282-84.  A  new  sp.  of  Agromyzidae,  420,  i,  109-10. 
Townsend,  C.  H.  T. — A  jumping  maggot  which  lives  in  cactus 
blooms  (Acucula  saltans),  4,  1913,  262-65.  On  the  tribe  Dejeaniini 
of  the  muscoid  family  Hystriciidae,  with  five  n.  gen.,  5,  1913,  102- 
106.  The  Peruvian  fruit-fly  (Anastrepha  peruviana  n.  sp.),  179,  vi, 


476  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

345-46.  Preliminary  characterization  of  the  vector  of  verruga, 
"Phlebotomus  verrucarum"  sp.  nov.  Criticism  and  muscoid  Tax- 
onomy, 420,  i,  107-109,  115-17. 

COLEOPTERA.  Boehm,  R.— Notes  biologiques  sur  "Cleonus 
saint-pierrei"  et  "Sepidium  tricuspidatum,"  217,  1912,  10-14,  25-26. 
Browne,  F.  B. — The  life-history  of  a  water  beetle,  10,  xcii,  20-24. 
Eichelbaum,  F. — Untersuchungen  ueber  den  bau  des  mannlichen 
und  weiblichen  abdominalendes  der  Staphylinidae,  92,  ix,  247-250 
(cont.)-  Essig,  E.  O. — The  destructive  eleodes  (Eleodes  omissa 
var.  borealis),  368,  ii,  627.  Gahan,  C.  J.— Mimicry  in  C,  131,  1912- 
1913,  28-38.  Gortner,  R.  A. — Notes  on  a  differential  mortality  ob- 
served between  Tenebrio  obscurus  and  T.  molitor,  3,  xlvii,  572- 
576.  Heikertinger,  F. — "Psylliodes  attenuata,"  der  hopfen-  oder 
hanf-erdfloh.  II.  Teil.  Morphologic  und  bionomie  der  imago,  44, 
Ixiii,  98-136.  Kerschner,  T. — Die  entwicklungsgeschichte  des  mann- 
lichen copulationsapparats  von  "Tenebrio  molitor,"  89,  xxxv,  337- 
376.  Nomine,  H. — Aus  dem  leben  des  heiligen  pillendrehers,  443, 
v,  598-603.  Pic,  M. — Anthicides  nouveaux  de  1'Amerique  du  Sud, 
86,  1913,  316-18.  Smallwood  &  Rogers. — Mitosis  in  the  adult  nerve 
cells  of  the  Colorado  beetle,  68,  1913,  405.  Smith,  H.  S.— A  bill 
bug  -injurious  to  small  grain  (Sphenophorus  discolor),  368,  ii,  619- 
621.  Sokolar,  F. — Die  deckenskulptur  des  "Carabus  violaceus,"  44, 
Ixiii,  91-97. 

Bowditch,  F.  C. — The  Phytophaga  (ex.  Cassidae  &  Hispidae)  of 
the  Stanford  expedition  to  Brazil,  5,  1913,  125-131.  Cameron,  M.— 
Descriptions  of  n.  sp.  of  Staphylinidae  from  the  West  Indies,  11, 
xii,  321-351.  Clavareau,  H. — Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  53: 
Chrysomelidae:  Megascelinae,  Megalopodinae,  Clytrinae,  Crypto- 
cephalinae,  Chlamydinae,  Lamprosominae,  278  pp.  Lameere,  A. — 
Revision  des  Prionides,  Anacolines,  201,  xxi,  1-188.  Mequignon,  A. 
—Synonymies  et  varietes  nouvelles  de  "Rhizophagus,"  87,  1913, 
342-43.  .Venables,  E.  P. — Notes  on  some  C.  of  Okanagan  Valley 
(B.  C.),  4,  1913,  267-68. 

HYMENOPTERA.  Drz,  A.— L'illusion  de  1'entr'aide  chez  la 
fourmi,  37,  xl,  55-57.  Emery,  C. — Etudes  sur  les  Myrmecinae,  35, 
1913,  250-262.  La  nervulation  des  ailes  anterieures  des  formicides, 
278,  xi,  577-587.  Hartman,  C. — The  habits  of  "Eumenes  belfragei," 
324,  iii,  353-360.  Holloway,  T.  E. — Some  methods  of  handling 
minute  hymenopterous  parasites,  179,  vi,  341-44.  Lang,  H.  C. — The 
large  larch  sawfly  (Nematus  erichsoni),  78,  1913,  184-85.  McCol- 
loch,  J.  W.— A  parasite  of  the  chinch  bug  egg,  68,  1913,  367-68. 
Nichols,  M.  L. — Some  observations  on  the  nesting  habits  of  the 
mining  bee  "Emphor  fuscojubatus"  Ckll.,  5,  1913,  107-112.  Oeh- 


Vol.    xxiv]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  477 

ninger,  M. — Uber  kerngrossen  bei  bienen,  448,  xlii,  135-140.  Schnei- 
der, R. — Der  totenkopf  im  bienenstock,  166,  vii,  163.  Sladen,  F.' 
W.  L. — Scarcity  of  bumble-bee  nests  in  the  vicinity  of  Ottawa,  18, 
-1913,  69.  Bumble-bees  and  their  ways,  75,  1912,  50-56.  Wasmann, 
P.  E. — The  ants  and  their  guests,  355,  1912,  455-474.  Wheeler,  W. 
M. — A  solitary  wasp  (Aphilanthops  frigidus)  that  provisions  its 
nest  with  queen  ants,  324,  iii,  374-387. 

Banks,  N. — New  American  Philanthidae,  153,  xxxii,  421-25.  Beu- 
tenmuller,  W.— A  new  sp.  of  "Neuroterus"  from  Washington,  4, 
1913,  280-82.  A  n.  sp.  of  "Rhodites"  from  California,  420,  i,  93-94. 
Brues  &  Richardson. — Descriptions  of  new  parasitic  H.  from  Brit- 
ish Guiana,  153,  xxxii,  485-503.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — New  parasitic 
H.  of  the  genus  Eiphosoma,  50,  xlvi,  61-64.  Descriptions  and  rec- 
ords of  bees. — LIV,  11,  xii,  368-376.  A  new  bee  of  the  genus 
Emphor,  5,  1913,  107.  Crawford,  J.  C.— Some  bees  from  New 
Brunswick,  with  descriptions  of  a  n.  sp.  of  "Heriades."  Another 
red  species  of  the  genus  Oligosita,  4,  1913,  269-273,  311-12.  Frank- 
lin, H.  J.— The  Bombidae  of  the  New  World,  Part  II,  2,  xxxix,  73- 
200.  Holmberg,  E.  L. — Nomadinae  novae  Argentiniae  "Coelioxys,'-^ 
450,  i,  59-62,  67-74,  88-90,  139-141.  Morley,  C.— A  revision  of  the 
Ichneumonidae  based  on  the  collection  in  the  British  Museum. 
Part  2,  140  pp..  449.  Urich,  F.  W.— The  froghopper  egg  parasite 
(Oligosita  giraulti)  and  its  colonization  in  the  cane  fields,  336, 
Circ.  11.  Wheeler,  W.  M. — Ants  collected  in  Georgia  by  J.  C. 
Bradley  and  W.  T.  Davis,  5,  1913,  112-117.  A  revision  of  the  ants 
of  the  genus  Formica,  195,  liii,  379-565.  A  consideration  of  S.  B. 
Buckeley's  "North  American  Formicidae,"  446,  iv,  pt.  2,  No.  2. 


Doings  of  Societies. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  SECTION,  ACADEMY  OF  NA- 
TURAL SCIENCES  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

Meeting  of  May  22nd,  1913.  In  the  absence  of  the  Direc- 
tor and  the  Vice-Director,  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson  presided ;  seven 
persons  present.  Dr.  Calvert  stated  that  in  1896  Messrs. 
Laurent  and  Castle,  published  in  Entomological  News,  a  list 
of  insects  collected  in  Florida,  and  among  the  Odonata  was 
one  identified  by  the  speaker  as  Nehalcnnia  ircne.  Later,  he 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  it  was  not  irene,  being  struc- 
turally different.  Since  then  other  specimens  from  Florida 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

have  been  examined,  also  a  specimen  from  Malaga,  New  Jer- 
sey, taken  by  Mr.  E.  Daecke.  It  appeared  as  Nehalennia 
integricollis,  a  nomen  nudum,  in  the  New  Jersey  List  of  1910. 
The  female  of  the  new  species  is  more  nearly  related  to  the 
European  speciosa,  in  the  same  genus  than  to  any  of  the  Amer- 
ican species.  The  differences  between  the  species  were  pointed 
out  and  illustrated  by  sketches. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Mr.  Nathan  Banks  requesting  the 
Section  to  appoint  two  persons  to  represent  it  on  the  Nomen- 
clature Committee  of  the  International  Entomological  Con- 
gress. Mr.  J.  A.  G.  Rehn  and  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  were 
elected  to  act  in  this  capacity. 

Mr.  John  Enburg  was  elected  an  Associate  of  the  Section. 


Meeting  of  September  25th,  1913.  Mr.  H.  W.  Wenzel, 
Vice-Director,  in  the  chair;  twelve  persons  present.  Mr.  J. 
R.  Malloch  spoke  of  his  impressions  of  this  country  ento- 
mologically.  He  said  many  species  of  insects,  particularly 
Diptera,  supposed  to  be  common  to  this  country  and  Europe, 
were  often  found  to  be  different  species,  and  dwelt  on  the 
care  necessary  to  determine  these  points  accurately.  He  men- 
tioned the  exceedingly  wide  distribution  of  certain  species  of 
Diptera  and  compared  the  work  of  himself  and  another  en- 
tomologist working  on  the  same  group  and  said  their  work 
was  quite  dissimilar.  He  mentioned  the  numerous  local  lists 
published  in  England  and  the  many  local  societies  there. 

Dr.  Calvert  referred  to  Hagen's  figure  in  the  Zoologischer 
Anzeiger  for  1889  of  an  Odonate  wing  (Epiaeschna  heros] 
split  into  its  two  laminae  and  exhibited  a  similar  preparation 
of  a  wing  of  Libellula  luctuosa  Burm.  mounted  as  a  lantern 
slide.  The  wing  of  a  teneral  specimen  was  cut  off  close  to 
the  body  and  the  two  laminae  separated  at  the  base  of  the 
large  veins  enough  to  admit  of  the  entrance  of  the  nozzle 
of  a  pipette.  The  wing  was  then  immersed  in  water  and 
water  forced  in  between  the  laminae  by  the  pipette  until  the 
laminae  were  completely  separated  and  the  wing  resembled 
a  sack  or  bag.  The  laminae  were  then  cut  apart  along  their 


Vol.   XXIV]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  479 

edges,  first  along  the  hind  margin  and  then  along  the  front 
margin.  This  cutting  may  be  done  with  a  pair  of  scissors, 
a  scalpel  or  even  with  the  nozzle  of  the  pipette.  When  the 
laminae  are  almost,  or  entirely,  separated  they  are  floated  on 
to  a  glass  plate,  as  in  mounting  sea-weeds,  and  dried  covered 
with  another  plate. 

He  also  read  from  a  recent  paper  of  Bervoets  (Ann.  Soc. 
Ent.  Belg.  July  4,  1913)  who  has  shown  that  the  wings  of 
insects  are  not  dry  dead  organs,  but  contain  circulating  blood 
and  are  living  and  sensitive. 

Mr.  Rehn  exhibited  Orthoptera  of  the  genera  Dlchopetala, 
Insara  and  Arethaea  belonging  to  the  Hebard  collection.  It 
is  the  most  extensive  series  of  these  forms  known.  All  the 
known  forms  of  these  katydids  had  been  examined  and  nearly 
all  were  represented  in  the  collection  shown. 

Dr.  Skinner  referred  to  some  collecting  he  had  done  during 
the  month  of  August,  1913,  in  the  White  Mountains  of  New 
Hampshire.  August  the  2Oth  he  made  the  ascent  of  Mt. 
Washington  in  search  of  Argynnis  montinus  and  captured 
seven  specimens.  The  first  one  was  taken  at  timber-line  near 
the  Half-way  House  on  the  carriage  road  from  the  Glen 
House.  The  remainder  were  found  on  the  road  between 
the  4th  and  5th  mile-posts  and  none  were  seen  beyond  the 
latter  point.  The  species  was  rather  wary  and  those  taken 
were  resting  on  golden-rod  or  sunning  themselves  in  the  dust 
of  the  road.  A  number  of  specimens  of  Somatochlora  elon- 
gata  were  taken  around  a  small  pond  near  the  Jackson  Falls 
house.  Insects  were  scarce  on  account  of  the  prolonged 
drought.  A  number  of  species  of  moths  were  taken  at  elec- 
tric lights. 

Mr.  Hornig  reported  the  salt-marsh  mosquito,  Aedcs  sol- 
licitans,  as  breeding  in  large  numbers  at  the  salt  works  at 
Weccacoe  Avenue  and  Swanson  Street.  Philadelphia.  These 
mosquitoes  were  annoying  at  the  Navy  Yard  and  existed  by 
thousands.  He  described  the  general  condition  of  the  locality. 
He  also  reported  finding  406  Dipterous  larvse  in  two  cubic 
inches  of  pig  excrement  from  the  piggeries  in  South  Phila- 
delphia. 


480  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '13 

Mr.  Wenzel  spoke  of  a  new  way  of  collecting  insects  de- 
vised by  Mr.  H.  S.  Barber,  of  Washington,  D.  C.  He  used 
shot  cartridges  in  a  revolver  and  shot  through  a  tube  four 
feet  long.  Insects  like  the  Cicada,  high  up  in  trees,  were 
readily  obtained  by  this  device. 

Mr.  Charles  W.  Frost  was  elected  an  Associate  of  the  Sec- 
tion.— HENRY  SKINNER,  Recorder. 


OBITUARY. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ENTOMOLOGY,  CORNELL  UNIVERSITY. 

Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  October  23,  1913. 

The  members  of  the  Jugatae  have  learned  with  deep  sor- 
row of  the  death  of  our  former  president,  associate  and  friend, 
ALFRED  G.  HAM  MAR. 

Mr.  Hammar  was  for  six  years  an  active  and  enthusiastic 
member  of  our  entomological  group.  His  broad  conception 
of  his  work  and  his  high  ideals  were  an  inspiration  to  all  who 
came  in  contact  with  him.  In  his  death  the  scientific  world 
has  lost  one  who  would  have  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the 
development  of  his  chosen  field. 

But  while  we  realize  the  loss  to  science,  it  is  especially  our 
personal  loss  of  a  friend,  dear  to  each  of  us,  which  is  fore- 
most in  our  thoughts.  To  his  bereaved  family  we  extend 
our  deepest  sympathy. 

J.  H.  COMSTOCK, 
J.  CHESTER  BRADLEY, 
WM.  A.  RILEY, 

Committee. 


ALFRED  RUSSEL  WALLACE. 

Alfred  Russel  Wallace  died  November  7,  1913.  We  shall 
make  some  reference  to  his  entomological  work  in  our  January 
number. 

ERRATA.  On  page  357,  line  26,  for  "his  series  under  erica"  read  "his 
series  under  characta." 

Page  416,  line  26,  for  "Saint-Etienne,"  read  "Commentry." 


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Lepidoptera  boxes,  etc.),  cabinets,  nets,  insects  pins,  forceps,  etc.. 

Riker  specimen  mounts  at  reduced  prices. 
Catalogues  and  special  circulars  free  on  application. 

Rare  insects  bought  and  sold. 
FOR  SALE—  Papilio  columbus  (gundlachianus),  the  brightest  colored  American  Papillo,  very 
rare,  perfect  specimens  $1.50  each  :  second  quality  $1.00  each. 

i  Writing  Please  Mention  "Entomological   News." 


P.  C.  Stockhausert*  Printer-,  53-55  N.  7th  Street,  Philadelphia. 


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SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  LIBRARIES 


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