Entomological news, and proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF

PHILADELPHIA.

VOLUME XXVIII, 1917.

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M. D., Sc. D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE :

EZRA T. CRKSSON J. A. G. REHN.

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1917.

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! ' JANUARY, 1917.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

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Henry Shimer
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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate I.

OTTO HEIDEMANN.

(PHOTOGRAPH BY J. H. PAINE, U. S. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.)

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL, XXVIII.

JANUARY, 1917.

No. i,

CONTENTS:

X — Otto Heidemann j

Rich— Zonocerus elegans ( Orth. ) 2

Knight — New and Noteworthy Forms
of North American Miridae ( Hem ) 3

Williamson — Correction of the Specific
Name of a Dragonfly (Odon.) S

Kennedy— Notes on the Penes of Dam-
selflies (Odon.) 9

Dunn— A Simple Method of Identifying
the Anopheles Mosquitoes of the
Canal Zone ( Dip. ) 14

Girault— New Chalcid Flies from Mary-
land ( Hym.) 20

Weiss — Some Unusual Orchid Insects >
( Hem., Lep., Dip., Col.) 24

Ottolengui — The Distribution and Syn-
onymy of Autographa vaccinii Hy.
Edw. (Lep.) 29

A Collecting Trip in Colombia 32

Wirtner— A new Genus of Bothynotinae,
Miridae ( Heter. ) 33

Kipley— Notes on the Feeding Habits of
Adult Chrysopidae I NVnr. ) js

Parshley — A Species of M;u n.tnicheli-
ella Found in New England ( 1 lem. ,
Anthocoridae) 37

Editorial — The News for 1917

Questions and Answers 40

Weiss and Dickerson — Psyllia buxi in
New Jersey ( Homop. ) 40

The O. B. Johnson Entomological Col-
lection |i

Tillyard— Phylogeny of Ant-lions ( Neu. ) 4^

Entomological Literature

Review — The Lepidopterist

Doings of Societies— Amer. Ent. Soc.

(Orth., Col.).....- (5

Newark Ento. Soc. (Lepid., Hynu-ii.,

Coleop. ) '. 46

Entomological Section, Aca<l. Nat
Sci. Phila. (Dipt., Lepid., Orthup.,
Coleop. ) 47

Otto Heidemann.

(Plate I)

We give in this number a portrait of the well-known
Hemipterist, Otto Heidemann, for many years a member "f
the United States Bureau of Entomology, and Honorary Cus-
todian of Hemipicra in the National Museum, who died Xo-
vembef 17, 1916, after an operation at the Homeopathic
Hospital in Washington, D. C.

Heidemann was born in Magdeburg, Germany, on Septan -
ber i, 1842. He learned the art of wood-engraving and prac-
ticed this profession in Leipsic, Vienna, Munich, Stuttgart
and Berlin until 1873, when he came to this country and '-.tab
lished an engraving office in Baltimore. Tn 187^ he moved hi-
office to Washington and in the following years furnished
many illustrations for various Government publication-. In
1880 he entered the office of Captain G. \\ heeler's Gcographi

2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan-> '17

cal Survey west of the looth Meridian and in 1883 was ap-
pointed engraver in the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
From this time his work became known in Entomology and a
large number of excellent illustrations of economic insects,
published by the Department are the work of Mr. Heidemann.

With the development of photo-engraving his art ceased to
be useful and in 1898 he obtained a position as assistant in the
Bureau of Entomology becoming a specialist in Hemiptera,
the study of which he had taken up only half a dozen years
before, under the guidance and inspiration of his friends Al-
bert Koebele, E. A. Schwa rz and Theodore Pergande.

Although he thus began his entomological studies when he
was well beyond fifty years of age, he applied himself with
such zeal to the science, that he became known all over the
world as an authority on Hemiptera.

Heidemann was a member of the Entomological and Bio-
logical Societies of Washington, and of the American Asso-
ciation of Economic Entomologists ; he was a charter member
of the Entomological Society of America and a Fellow of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science. He
was elected President of the Washington Entomological So-
ciety for two consecutive years 1909, 1910.

His entomological writings number about 35 titles.

Mr. Heidemann is survived by his wife, Mrs. Mica Heide--
mann, well known as a sculptress and as a maker of insect

models.

X.

• ««> '

A Further Note on Zonocerus elegans (Orth.).

[Since the publication of the article on this grasshopper in the News
for November, 1916, pages 420-421, the following has been received.!

There is usually one generation a year, but a partial second one, con-
sisting of a few individuals reaching the last nymphal instar, is found
in favorable years and a few localities. The first instar nymphs appear
from the middle of September onwards, being plentiful early in Octo-
ber. The five nymphal stages are completed by January I. The differ-
ence here noted is due to my previous observations covering only one
season and that an exceptionally favorable one. — S. G. RICH, Adams
.Mission Station, Natal, South Africa.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3

New and Noteworthy Forms of North American

Miridae (Hemip.)*

By HARRY H. KNIGHT, Ithaca, New York.
In working over considerable miscellaneous material in the
family Miridae the writer has found a few species that are of
particular interest and takes occasion to present part of his
findings in the present paper.

Sericophanes ocellatus Renter.

While studying Miridae in the collection of the United
States National Museum the writer found two specimens
bearing the label, "Texas Belfrage" which evidently represent
original type material of this species. These specimens came
from the C. V. Riley collection and no doubt were acquired
from Mr. Belfrage at a time when that collector sent material
to various entomologists and museums. Dr. Renter described
the genus Sericophanes and the single species ocellatus in his
paper of 1875, "Capsinae ex America boreali in Museo Hol-
miensi asservatae descriptae ab" (Ofversight af Kongl. Veten-
skaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 1875, No. 9, Stockholm),
from an assemblage of North American Hemiptera collected
by Mr. Belfrage and which in some way were acquired by the
Stockholm Museum. It was this wholesale shipment of
North American Hemiptera to European specialists in the
early days that resulted in the description of many of our
species. This loss of types to American students has made it
difficult to always name our species accurately and some may
never be known with certainty until comparison is made with
the type specimens.

The following notes are taken from a study of the above
type material and are given here for comparison with the north-
ern species described below :

$. Length to tip of membrane, 2.6 mm.; length of pronotum .43
mm., width at base .71 mm., apex .37 mm.; head, width across tin- •
.60 mm., width of vertex .25 mm.; color of head, thorax, legs and al>-

*Contribution from the Department of Entomology of (.'"null Uni-
versity.

4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 'lj

domen, yellowish brown, or "dilute cinnamomeus" of Renter. The
ocellate spot on the clavus and the pruinose bands across the corium)
are quite similar to noctuans but the ground color is lighter.

Dr. Renter, 1910, placed the genus Sericophanes in his di-
vision Cremnoccphalaria, a group having the claws destitute
of arolia. Perhaps Dr. Renter had poor material from which
to work since the present writer finds after observations on

Fig. i. — Sericophanes noctuans. showing the claws and type of arolia.

Fig. 2. — Largidea davisi, tarsus and claws, showing type of claws and absence of arolia.

several specimens with the aid of the binocular microscope
that the claws bear free arolia with converging tips (fig. i).
This type of arolia places the genus close to Pilophoriis and
Ceratocapsus and in the tribe Orthoiylim of Mr. Van Duzee's
recent tables.

Sericophanes noctuans new species.

Larger and darker colored than ocellatus. but otherwise bearing a
close resemblance.

$. Length, 3.6 mm. Head: width across the eyes .71 mm., width of
vertex .28 mm., length .45 mm., height at base .37 mm. ; eyes large and
coarsely granulated, height .43 mm., dark purplish brown in color ;
jiiLiae. lorae, and tylus reddish brown, the jugae showing red most
plainly; vertex dark chestnut like the pronotum, smooth shining, ca-
rina nearly horizontal and turning forward at each side to meet the
eye, slightly depressed bordering the carina; base of the tylus with a
prominent hair at each side. Rostrum scarcely attaining the posterior
margin of the hind coxae, yellowish brown, basal segment dark brown,
the apex blackish.

Antennae: segment I, length .25 mm., yellowish brown, with three or
four prominent hairs on the inside; TT, length 1.25 mm., yellowish
brown, slightly darker toward the apex : IIT, length .88 mm., dark fus-
cous to blackish, brownish at the base ; IV, length .60 mm., slightly flat-
tened, dark purplish to blackish ; all the segments with very fine pale
pubescence.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

Pronotum: length .57 mm., width at base .88 mm., apex .37 mm.;
dark chestnut or blackish, smooth, shining, strongly declivitous, devoid
of calli, collar narrow but distinct, lateral margins of the disk indis-
tinct, rounded. Scutellum same color as the pronotum, basal 1
prominent, strongly sloping backward, sharply cut away at each side;
apical lobe small, moderately arched and rounded at the sides, very
finely tranversely rugose. Sternum dark chestnut, shining; lobe of the
metasternal orifice projecting laterally very strongly.

Hemclytra : width at tip of corium .91 mm., across the middle only
.77 mm.; clavus dark chestnut brown on the basal half and tip, golden
brown bordering the scutellum, pruinose on the exterior basal half;
apical half of the clavus with a cream colored spot which extends
laterally to the margin; corium dark velvety brown, the cuneus and
inner apical angles of corium with dark golden brown ; base of corium,
a narrow band across the middle, and exterior half of the apex, prui-
nose; sparsely covered with golden hairs; cuneus poorly defined from
the corium inside of the fracture, scarcely deflected ; membrane evenly
clouded, pale across the basal half of the large cells and bordering the
apical one-third of the cuneus.

Legs : fore coxae yellowish brown like the femora, darker at the very
base; middle coxae dark brown; hind coxae pale, brownish at the
base; femora dark yellowish brown, anterior pair paler; tibiae dark
brown; tarsi pale brown, the apex and claws blackish.

Venter: long and slender, noticeably flattened on the basal half,
first two segments yellowish brown, beyond this dark chestnut to
blackish, shining; genital claspers small.

Described from 9 $ $ , June 22 to Aug. 10, Batavia, New
York, all of which came to the light in the writer's laboratory ;
i cJ , July 2, McLean, New York.

Type : $ , Aug. 8, Batavia, New York ; author's collection.

Mr. C. P. Alexander reports having seen this species flying
up in large numbers from the grass after sundown, llra-
chypterous and macropterous females of what is doubtless this
species rather than the occllatits from Texas, are well de-
scribed by Prof. Osborn (Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., V, p. j^S,
1898) ; the nymphs and adults found occurring on gras-\
ridges.

Clivinema regalis new species.

Bright orange red with blackish hemelytra, antennae and liln
structurally quite similar to villosa but differing greatly in sixe and
color, the pubescence without prominent recurved tips. Claws

6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

at the base, destitute of arolia, similar in structure to villosa. Prono-
tum with an apical gibbosely convex area, stricture apparent only at
the sides from which an impressed line extends to the rear margin of
the calli.

$. Length 5.7 mm. Head: width across eyes 1.05 mm., width oi
vertex .54 mm., length .51 mm., height at base .60 mm. ; pale pubescent,
vertex convex, ecarinate ; orange red, tylus and a transverse impres-
sion at the base black, sutures and eyes blackish, vertex usually with
two longitudinal fuscous to blackish rays. Rostrum scarcely attaining
the posterior margin of the sternum, blackish, the first two segments
mostly reddish.

Antennae: segment I, length .43 mm., width .14 mm., blackish, some-
times with reddish ; II, length 2.05 mm., width .14 mm., quite uniform-
ly thickened, black, thickly clothed with short black hairs; III, length
.60 mm., slender, width .06 mm., black, only a few hairs with very fine
pubescence; IV, length .40 mm., similar to III.

Pronotum: length 1.42 mm., width at base 1.99 mm., apex .80 mm.,
height at apex .91 mm. ; bright red or orange red when faded ; disk
shallowly punctate, more or less transversely rugose ; calli apparent
as impressed ovals, usually black, shining, joined at the side by an im-
pressed line leading to the anterior angles, thus defining the arched
apical portion or gibbosely convex hood ; coxal cleft extending high as
the lateral margin of the disk, separated from the above impressed line
only by a thin lateral projection. Scutellum bright red, pubescent,
strongly convex, arched, with a broad median longitudinal impression.
Sternum red, side pieces covered with a white flocculent wax-like ma-
terial, often present in greater degree along the full length of the
body.

Hemclytra : greatest width 2 mm., black, shining, somewhat trans-
lucent, roughly wrinkled, covered with long erect pale pubescence.
Membrane evenly clouded with fuscous, except a pale spot at the apex
of the cuneus, veins dark fuscous.

Legs : bright red, shining, apices of the femora and a longitudinal
bar or row of dots on the under side, blackish ; tibiae and tarsi black.

V enter : red, pale pubescent ; genital claspers blackish, dextral clasper
small, sinistral clasper long and slender, quite similar to that in Largi-
dea rubida and davisi.

9 . Length 5.6 mm., width 2.5 mm., more robust than the male ; sec-
ond antennal segment more slender, thickest at the apex ; vertex with
two longitudinal black rays ; the femora more so and the posterior
margins of the abdominal segments and surrounding the ovipositor,
blackish ; entire body above and below coated with the white flocculent
wax like material.

Described from 3 5 5 and 3 $ 9 , July 21-28, 1914, El

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

Paso, Texas, collected by Dr. J. Chester Bradley, who re-
marks: "Females were plump and very sluggish; collected
from a shrub on the open mesa, possibly an Ocatilla which
was in leaf at that time, on the side of Alt. Franklin not far
outside the city limits of El Paso."

Type : $ , July 28, El Paso, Texas, J. Chester Bradley ; Cor-
nell University collection.

Largidea davisi new species.

Resembles grossa in size and color but differs widely in the form of
the antennae and the length of the rostrum; dark fusco-rufus brown,
head and body covered with heavy pale yellowish pubescence, more or
less matted and depressed. Length 6 mm.

9. Head: width across eyes 1.28 mm., width of vertex .77 mm.,
length .51 mm., height at base .80 mm.; impunctate, darker than color
of the body, the vertex and sutures about the tylus, blackish; base of
tylus clearly denned, a short narrow longitudinal pit at the base simi-
lar to that in rubida; a prominent fovea just above the base of each
antenna, vertex ecarinate, head shorter and more compressed as com-
pared with rubida. Rostrum extending only slightly beyond the pos-
terior margin of the fore coxae, or to the middle of the sternum ; the
same in both sexes.

Antennae: segment I, length .31 mm., greatest thickness .14 mm., dark
rufus-brown, the apex and base blackish; II, length 1.28 mm., being
exactly the width of the head, or less than the length of the prono-
tum, greatest thickness .14 mm., fusiform, not flattened as in grossa
or with depressions of any kind, thickly clothed with dark brown
hairs, a few bristles intermixed, rich rufus-brown to wine color,
darker toward the apex ; III, length .37 mm., with dark fuscous ; IV,
.37 mm., same color as III.

Pronotum : length 1.59 mm., width at base 2.19 mm., apex 1.14 mm.,
dark fusco-rufus, the polished hook-shaped line about the calli, black;
calli as in rubida, typical of the generic characters; disk behind the
calli coarsely, deeply and closely punctate, more finely punctured be-
fore the calli; lateral margins sharply denned as in rubida. Scutellum
roughly transversely, rugose along a slightly silicate median line.
Sternum with longitudinal median impressed line, opaque beneath with
a few scattered pubescent hairs, shining at the sides and with matted
pubescence.

Hcmclytra: greatest width, 9, 2.5 mm., $, 2.1 mm.; clavus, corium.
and cuneus uniformly colored dark reddish brown, inclined to wine
color in the more translucent parts; membrane evenly shaded with
fuscous, veins darker tinged with reddish; closely covered with tine

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

and shallow punctures ; clothed with short oppressed yellowish pubes-
cence.

Legs : dark fuscous brown, femora with a longitudinal row of dark
spots beneath, not visible in certain lights ; tarsi blackish, the basal
segment flattened beneath and extending well under the second seg-
ment (fig. 2).

Venter: mostly dark grayish brown, blackish on the posterior mar-
gin of each segment; spiracles conspicuous, appearing as sunken black
spots ; rather long and prominent pale yellowish pubescence.

$ . Similar to the female only more slender : length 5.7 mm. The
antennae and character of the first tarsal segment do not differ from
those of the female, though the length of the second antennal segment
(1.28 mm.) is slightly longer than the width of the head (1.14 mm.)
across the eyes. The male genital forceps are quite similar to those
of rubida thus not affording good specific characters but on the other
hand showing generic relationship.

Described from a male and three females, Sept. 24, 25,
Promised Land, Long Island, New York, collected by Mr.
William T. Davis and Mr. G. P. Engelhardt. I have also seen
a half dozen other specimens from the same locality.

Type : 9 , Sept. 24, Promised Land, Long Island, New York,
Wm. T. Davis ; author's collection.

The writer has studied Uhler's type specimen of (Clivinc-
ma) rubida in the National Museum collection and was unable
to distinguish from it Colorado specimens which were later
determined as marginata by Mr. Van Duzee. It is evident that
the character of the antennae and the length of the rostrum
cannot be taken as generic characters but only as specific,
since these differ in each of three species. The form of the
pronotum and particularly the character of the calli and basal
segment of the tarsi appear to be distinctive of the genus Lar-
c/idea.

Correction of the Specific Name of a Dragonfly (Odon.).

Metalcptobasis brysonima Williamson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 48,
1915, p. 602. On September 4, 1916, Dr. Calvert wrote me that in the
Kew Index he found no generic plant name Brysonima, but a Byrsoni-
ma, and in Pittier's list of Costa Rican plants two species of Byrsonima
are recorded. Under date of October 9, he writes me that he believes
a correction of the specific name of the dragonfly is permissible under
Article 19, Intern. Rules Zool. Nomenclature. This correction is here-
by proposed and the name changed from Metaleptobasis brysonima to
Metalcptobasis byrsonima. — E. B. WILLIAMSON.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9

Notes on the Penes of Damselflies (Odonata).

No. 2. The Close Relations inter se of the Hawaiian Agrionines.
By CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, Cornell University.

(Plates II and III.)

In my first paper* I discussed a genus (Acanthagrion) in
which the various forms comprising it were so close in color
and structure that many had been considered but varieties un-
til a study of the penes showed each form to be a good species
structurally, for the penes of the various species were remark-
ably different.

In this paper I wish to discuss a group, the Hawaiian Agri-
onines, in which just the opposite relation holds. In venation,
color, size, and in the structure of the male claspers the Ha-
waiian Agrionines differ radically among themselves but the
penes throughout are the same type.

This opportunity came recently while in Philadelphia when
I had the privilege of examining the penes of nineteen species
and varieties of Hawaiian Agrioninae. These were a series
of specimens collected by Dr. R. C. L. Perkins, and given by
him to Dr. P. P. Calvert. In all cases the determinations are
those of Dr. Perkins and so probably agree with his published
articles. f Lack of time prevented an examination of the
specimens other than of the penes. As the number of speci-
mens was small, in some cases there being only a single male
or female, an attempt to study the specimens with a view to
possible grouping would have been inadvisable as Dr. Perkins'
own studies of this group show great ranges in variation in
many of the species.

Ever since I first looked over the list of Hawaiian Odonata,
I had been skeptical that twenty-four species of damselflies,
the entire damselfly fauna of this isolated region, should be
comprised in but two genera. Later, when I first glanced at
the box of specimens on which this study is based, I felt cer-
tain that there were at least three genera and probably more.

*Ent. News, xxvii, 325-330, July, 1916.

t Fauna Hawaiiensis. Vol. I, p. clxxv. ; Vol. II, pp. 63-77,
693-696. R. C. L. Perkins.

IO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

The large red forms with the richly veined wings, appeared
at first sight more than generically distinct from the various
small dark species and my interest and surprise increased
steadily as I examined species after species and found
throughout almost identical penes. The study of the penes
but confirms the opinions expressed by McLachlan* and Per-
kins that in spite of their diverse forms these Hawaiian
species of Agrionines are so closely related inter sc that it is
questionable whether they should not remain as a single genus.

The figs, i to 38 show, better than I can describe, the uni-
formity in structure throughout this group. Probably it ex-
tends to those Hawaiian species in which the penis has not yet
been examined. t This form of penis is peculiar among agrio-
nine penes in that the third or apical segment is offset, or at-
tached subapically to the second segment. The apical lobe
has an apical, sagittal cleft, which in all but three species is at
least half the length of the lobe in depth. All have the inter-
nal soft fold, but in all the terminal soft fold of segment two
is lacking, unless it is homologous with that part of the apex
of segment two which lies beyond the insertion of segment
three. All degrees of spininess exist from no spines to a com-
plete row along each side of the shaft.

The following classification is that of Perkins^ and is based
on the male appendages as the most constant character :—

Group i. xanthomclas, pacificinn, nigrohamatum.

Group 2. oresitrophnm, or abates, Icptodcmas, calliphya.

Group 3. koelense, asteliae, amaurodytnm, cndytnin, adytum.

Group 4. ncsiotes.

Group 5. oahucnsc.

Group 6. dcccptor, vagabundum, kauaicnse, molokaicnsc, jugontin.

Group 7. oceanicum, blackburni, hetcrogamias.

This does not include calvcrti or williamsoni the relation-
ships of which species Perkins does not indicate.

*Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 12, p. 240.

t While studying the collection in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., I was able to examine molokaiense and
the fallax and waianacanum varieties of amaurodytum. These all
have the typical form of penis for this group.

JFauna 1 Javvaiiensis, Vol. II, p. 694.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II

In this paper I have used Megalagrion for these Hawaiian
forms. The genus Megalagrion was established by McLach-
lan* for blackburni and oceanicum, with blackburni the type of
the genus. Perkins later described ketcrogamias and con-
sidered it a close relative of these. He also pointed out that
certain individuals of species in Group 6, especially of kaiiai-
cnse, showed the venational characters of Megalagrion, thus
preventing the use of this generic name to set off these three
with the richly veined wings from the other Hawaiian forms.
Perkins placed the entire group in the old genus Agrion, now
Coenagrion. Studies of the penes in these forms show that
the genus Coenagrion can probably be broken up and that
these Hawaiian species are a compact group quite distinct
from the other groups. As Megalagrion has been used for
some of these Hawaiian species, it will then become applicable
to the entire series of Hawaiian Agrionines as I have used it.

I had hoped that the penes more than the other characters
might give some clue to the relationship and probable origin of
this group. The penes do show that these Hawaiian Agrion-
ines in spite of the great range in their appearance and struc-
ture are a compact group and undoubtedly have been derived
from some single ancient immigrant that had strayed into the
islands. It lines the Odonata up with what is already known
about the birds (Drepanidae), the land snails (Achatinellidae)
and those orders of insects in which there are large endemic
genera with apparently diverse but really closely related spe-
cies. These strange groups have probably in each case been
derived from some single ancestor which has strayed into the
islands in the remote past.

More difficult is the origin and probable relationship of this
ancestral Agrionine. A study of the penes in the species listed
by Kirby as Coenagrion shows that the extra-Hawaiian forms
fall into at least two groups, the group of which puella is the
type (see figs. 39, 46-49) and the group of which llndenii is
the type (see figs. 40-45). As lindcnii has been given generic
rank by Navasf as Cercion lindcnii, probably Cercion can be

*Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 12, p. 237.
fBroteria 6, p. 55, 1907.

12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

applied to the other three species figured as having penes simi-
lar to that of llndcnii. I have so used it, though I should have
compared these species in other characters had I had time. A
good series of intermediate forms exists in the genus Cocna-
grion between the puella penis and such penes as are shown in
figs. 46-49.

Of the two groups represented by lindenn and puella re-
spectively, the penes would seem to indicate relationship of the
Hawaiian Megalagrions with Cercion rather than with Cocna-
grion of the puella group. This agrees with McLachlan's ob-
servation* that the Hawaiian forms seemed more like lindenn
than any of the other Eurasian species. As the American
Coenagrions have penes which are aberrant forms of the
puella type, this agrees with what is thought concerning the
origin of the other peculiar Hawaiian genera : that these are
not North American in origin.

My first paper showed that too much dependence cannot be
put on penile characters alone, nevertheless a study of these in
this case has thrown an interesting side light on this Hawaiian
problem.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES II AND III.

Drawings of the penes of Megalagrion, Cercion and Coenagrion,
being ventral and lateral views of the last two segments.
Figs. 1-2. Megalagrion pacificum (McLachlan). Northwest Koolau
Range, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands; 1500 ft. elevation. April, 1901.
R. C. L. Perkins coll.

Figs. 3-4. Megalagrion xanthomclas (Selys). Honolulu, Oahu, Ha-
waiian Islands. Nov., 1900. R. C. L. Perkins coll.
Figs. 5-6. Megalagrion leptodemas (Perkins). Northwest Koolau
Range, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands; 1800 ft. elevation. April, 1901.
R. C. L. Perkins coll.
Figs. 7-8. Megalagrion amaurodytum var. pclcs (Perkins). Hawaii,

Hawaiian Islands, 1901. Koebele coll.
Figs. 9-10. Megalagrion calliphya (McLachlan). lao Valley, Maui,

Hawaiian Islands. 1902. R. C. L,. Perkins coll.

Figs. 11-12. Megalagrion calliphya var. microdemas Kilauea, Ha-
waii, Hawaiian Islands. July, 1903. R. C. L. Perkins coll.
Figs. 13-14. Megalagrion cudytum (Perkins). Lihue, Kauai, Hawaiian
Islands ; 1000 + ft. elevation. R. C. L. Perkins coll.

*Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 12, p. 240.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXVIII.

Plate II.

20

PENES OF HAWAIIAN AGRIONINAE. -KENNEDY.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate III.

45

PENES OF HAWAIIAN AGRIONINAE. -KENNEDY.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 13

Figs. 15-16. Megalagrion dcceptor (McLachlan). Oahu, Hawaiian
Islands. Koebele coll.*

Figs. 17-18. Megalagrion blackburni McLachlan. Halealau, Hawaiian
Islands. June, 1903. R. C. L. Perkins coll.

Figs. 19-20. Megalagrion occanicum McLachlan. Northwest Koolau
Range, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands; 1500 ft. elevation. April, 1901.
R. C. L. Perkins coll.

Figs. 21-22. Megalagrion heterogamias (Perkins). Makaweli, Kauai,
Hawaiian Islands ; 2000 ft. elevation. Feb., 1897. R. C. L. Perkins
coll.

Figs. 23-24. Megalagrion ragabundum (Perkins). Lihue, Kauai,
Hawaiian Islands. R. C.. L. Perkins coll.

Figs. 25-26. Megalagrion oahuense (Blackburn). Northwest Koolau
Range, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands; 1500 ft. elevation. R. C. L.
Perkins coll.

Figs. 27-28. Megalagrion koelense (Blackburn). Honolulu Mts., Ha-
waiian Islands; 1800 ft. elevation. Dec., 1901. R. C. L. Perkins
coll.

Figs. 29-30. Megalagrion astcliae (Perkins). Honolulu Mts., Oahu,
Hawaiian Islands, 2000 ft. elevation. July, 1900. R. C. L. Perkins
coll.

Figs. 31-32. Megalagrion nigrohamatum (Blackburn). West Maui
Mts., Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Oct., 1896. R. C. L. Perkins coll.

Figs. 33-34. Megalagrion nigrohamatum var. nigrolineatum (Per-
kins). Northwest Koolau Range, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands; 1500
ft. elevation. R. C. L. Perkins coll.

Figs. 35-36. Megalagrion hawaiiensc (McLachlan). Palolo Valley,
Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. May, 1912. R. C. L. Perkins coll.

Figs. 37-38. Megalagrion nesiotes (Perkins). Kilauea, Hawaii, Ha-
waiian Islands. July, 1903. R. C. L. Perkins coll.

Fig. 39. Coenagrion puclla (Linn.). From male in coll. of E. B. Wil-
liamson. No data except July 27, 1907.

[*The specimen from which this drawing was made is not typical
dcceptor, but differs in having1 the inferior appendages almost as long
as the superiors, more strongly curved dorsad in the apical half so
that the upper margin of the inferiors is almost a (concave) semi-
circle. The dilated part of the superiors is not as much as half the
length of the appendages and is a little higher, proportionally and rela-
tively, than in other specimens. There are four, not five, antenodal
cells and less black on the body generally than called for by McLach-
lan's description. These color and venational differences may be but
individual variations, judging from other Hawaiian species, but whether
the differences above mentioned for the appendages are explicable in
the same way, I am unable to decide, having too few specimens. —
P. P. CALVERT.]

14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

Figs. 40-41. Ccrtion lindenii (Selys). From male in coll. of E. B.

Williamson. "K. J. Morton coll., May I, 1912."
Fig. 42. Ccrcion quadrigcrum (Selys). From male in coll. of Dr.

P. P. Calvert. Only datum is "Japan."
Fig. 43. Ccrcion sp. From male in coll. of Dr. P. P. Calvert.

"Japan, Chic. Exhib. No. 1397."
Figs. 44-45. Ccrcion (?) sp. From male, with damaged abdominal

appendages, in coll. of Dr. P. P. Calvert. "Madagascar. From

Rene Martin."
Figs. 46-47. Cocnagrion angulattim Walker. From a male in coll. of

E. B. Williamson. Coll. and det. by Dr. E. M. Walker.
Figs. 48-49. Cocnagrion cacrnlesccns (Fonsc.). From male in coll. of

E. B. Williamson. "From K. J. Morton. Sebdon, Algeria, June

23, 1904."

_. » .

A Simple Method of Identifying the Anopheles Mos-
quitoes of the Canal Zone (Dip.).*

By L. H. DUNN, Entomologist, Board of Health Laboratory,
Ancon, Panama Canal Zone.

The purpose of this article is to endeavor to supply a long-
felt want and present a simple method of identifying the more
common types of Anopheles mosquitoes found in the Canal
Zone, and it is to be hoped that it may prove to be useful to
those for whom it is intended, sanitary inspectors, medical
men, and others interested in sanitary work.

The anti-malarial work on the Canal Zone is of sufficient
importance to make it necessary that all those engaged in
sanitary work should be able to identify the Anopheles com-
monly encountered, and especially should be able to differen-
tiate those that are known to be malarial carriers from those
that are not.

Each species of the Zone Anopheles has some characteristic
markings peculiar to itself that make it easy to identify when
they are once known, and provided the specimens are not too
badly mutilated. Mosquitoes that have been in flight for some
time before capture, or have been bred out from larvae and
left in a breeding jar for several days before an attempt at

*Read before The Medical Association of the Isthmian Canal Zone,
September 16, 1916.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 15

identification is made, are often broken and rubbed sufficiently
to remove many of the scales, and to lose some of the color
markings that help to simplify identification, and are more dif-
ficult to identify.

As far as I have been able to ascertain eleven species of
Anopheles have been found in the Canal Zone up to the pres-
ent time. Seven of these species are commonly found in this
region. The remaining four species are seldom encountered.
The seven common kinds are placed in the following list
according to their abundance on the Canal Zone at the pres-
ent time : Anopheles albunanns Wiedemann, tarsi metadata
Goeldi, pseudopunctipennis Theobald, malefactor Dyar &
Knab, arg \riiar sis Desvoidy, apiciinacnla Dyar & Knab, ciseni
Coquillett.

The four species not commonly found are: Anopheles gor-
gasi Dyar & Knab, critz'n Dyar & Knab, punctimacula Dyar &
Knab, f rands c anus McCracken.

Seasonal changes exert an influence on the abundance of
the different species and the relative numbers of the Ano-
pheles at certain periods of the year may not conform with
this list, but it has been taken from the average for the whole
year, from both the larvae received at the Laboratory for
identification, and from the hand catches of adults in quarters
that are sent in daily, from all towns and army posts in the
Zone, to be identified. For example, A. eiseni that nearly al-
ways breeds in tree-holes and hollows in rocks and other
places of like nature, is few in numbers even during the
middle of the rainy season, but may not be found even in what
seem to be its favorite localities even after a long search dur-
ing the latter part of a dry season when very little rain has
fallen and its habitual breeding places are dried up.

I have attempted to construct the following table in such a
manner that it provides a simple method for determining the
adult Anopheles found in the Canal Zone, and as far as pos-
sible have avoided all entomological nomenclature so that it
may be readily understood by those who are not .familiar with
the anatomy of mosquitoes.

l6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

Table for the Identification of the common species of Canal Zone
Anopheles.

i — Hind legs with white feet 2

Hind legs long and dark colored without white feet or white

markings A. pseudopunctipemns

Hind legs without white feet, but with white band at middle of

leg (white knee) A. eiscni

Hind legs without white feet but with all three pairs of legs
covered with white spots and narrow white bands (having a

freckled appearance) 3

2 — White feet with a narrow black band near the end 4

White feet without a narrow black band near the end,

A. argyritarsis
3— With black spot, or patch of black scales, at extreme, or apical,

end of wing A. apicimacula

Without a black spot, or patch of black scales, at extreme, or

apical, end of wing A. malefactor

4 — Female with tip, or apical end, of palpi white, separated from a
narrow white band by a wide black band. The separating
black band is more than twice as wide as either the white tip

or the proximal white band A. albimanus

Female with tip, or apical end, of palpi white, separated from a
wide white band by a narrow black band. The separating
black band is less than half as wide as either the white tip or
the proximal white band A. tarsimactilata,

But one specimen of A. gorgasi has been found on the Isth-
mus so far, and during the five years that I have been at the
Laboratory I have not received any specimens of either
A. punctimacula or A. crnzii in either the larval or adult
forms. A. franciscanus is so few in numbers that it is prac-
tically nil, therefore owing to the fact that these four species
are so seldom encountered I have not included them in the
foregoing table, as doing so would only make the table more
difficult for a beginner to understand, and in this case not in-
crease its value for practical work.

Anopheles pseudopunctipennis.

A few words of explanation may serve to assist in verify-
ing the identifications of the different species as made by this
table. Beginning with A. pseudopunctipennis , which is about
the easiest to identify, it can be seen that it is the largest of
the seven species of Anopheles, and has very long legs. All

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I?

the legs are used to support the body while at rest, with all
feet on the resting surface. This species is easily identified
by the long hind legs devoid of any white spots or bands, and
without white feet. Each joint has a small yellow spot at its
union with the following joint, and these spots should not be
mistaken for white bands. Another identifying mark of this
species is a light gray stripe on the back, or thorax, extending
from the head to the abdomen. This begins as a very narrow
stripe between the eyes and widens as it extends backwards
until the posterior end becomes nearly as wide as the thorax.
The palpi are dark brown with two narrow bands and tip of
light yellow. The light-colored tip is separated from the
proximal light band by a dark band about as wide as the light
tip. The palpi somewhat resemble those of A. albimanus in
the arrangement of the bands, but there is a difference in their
width and A. pscudopunctipennis has light yellow bands while
A. albimanus has white. The principal features of A. pscudo-
punctipennis are that there are no white markings on the legs,
and none of the feet are white.

Anopheles eiseni.

The next species to be easily identified is A. eiseni. It is
smaller than A. pseudopunctipcnnis and can be differentiated
from that species by having a white band near the middle of
each hind leg. The feet and middle pair of legs are dark with
no white markings. The single broad white band on each hind
leg and dark feet makes this mosquito easily separated from
all the other species having white feet or spotted legs. The
wing borders of this species are dark-colored except for two
white spots at the tip, or apex, of the wing. The palpi are
dark except for the apical third, which consists of two white
bands, or rather one white band and a white tip, separated
from each other by a narrow black band one half as wide as
either of the white ones.

Anopheles malefactor ct apicimacula.

The next group in order of simplicity of identification is
composed of those whose legs are covered with narrow white
bands and small white spots and have the appearance of being

1 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

covered with white freckles. This speckled-legged group con-
sists of two species, A. malefactor and A apicimacula, and
can be easily separated from the other five species of common
Anopheles of the Canal Zone by their speckled legs. Both of
these mosquitoes are quite pretty and are almost identical in
appearance and can only be separated from one another by
the wing markings. A. apicimacula has a large black spot, or
patch of black scales, at the upper portion of the tip, or apex,
of the wings, and this deep black spot easily separates this
species from A. malefactor, which does not have this deep
black spot but has a few small scattered groups of black spots
taking its place. There is also a difference in the arrange-
ment of the black and white spots along the veins of the
wings, but to anyone not accustomed to identifying mosquitoes
this diversity may not be readily noticeable, and the difference
between the decoration on the tip of the wing is the best means
of separating the two species: the large black spot in A. apici-
macula and the few small scattered groups of black spots in
A. malefactor. It is rather difficult to distinguish between
these two species when the specimens are very badly rubbed
and many of the wing scales removed.

Anopheles argyritarsis, albimanus et tarsimaculata.

The next and last and most important group from a medi-
cal standpoint is the white-footed group which consists of
three species, A. argyritarsis, A. albimanus, and A. tarsimacu-
lata. These three mosquitoes are readily separated from the
other four common Anopheles by the fact that each of these
three species has white feet on the hind legs. A. argyritarsis
can be readily distinguished from the other two species by its
hind feet which are snow white without any narrow black
band near the end. The palpi of A. argyritarsis and A. albi-
manus are very similar. A. albimanus and A. tarsimaculata
both have white hind feet, but in both species there is a nar-
row black band near the end. This black band is separated
from the apical end of the feet by a narrow white band of
nearly the same width as the black band. The similarity of
the feet markings in these two mosquitoes makes it necessary

Vol. XXVlli] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 19

to separate the two species by the markings on the palpi. As
shown in the foregoing table the difference between the mark-
ings of the palpi is in the arrangement of the black and white
bands. The white markings of A. albimanus can be plainly
seen with a small lens and they consist of a white tip, or apex,
and two narrow white bands. The white tip is separated
from the nearer white band by a wide black band more than
twice as wide as either the white band or tip. This nearer
white band is separated from the second white band by an-
other black band about as wide as the first black band. In
A. tarsimaculata the palpi have a wide white tip and one wide
white band and another narrower one. The wide white tip is
separated from the nearer wide white band by a narrow black
band less than half as wide as either the wide white band or
tip. This nearer wide white band is separated from the sec-
ond white band, which is a narrow one, by a wide black band
much wider than the wide white band.

These two species seem to be very closely related to each
other and the only practical difference between them is in the
arrangement of the bands on the proboscis. Some specimens
when caught as adults may have the proboscis so badly rubbed
that they may be almost entirely denuded of scales. These are
very difficult to identify as it is the scales of different colors
that give the color markings on the proboscis, but the differ-
ence in fresh specimens can be so readily seen that a glance at
the proboscis is all that is required to separate the two species.

All of the markings that I have described are so distinctive
and well-defined on fresh unrubbed females that they are ob-
vious to an untrained observer, and after they have been seen
a few times are easily remembered. The best plan for a be-
ginner is to acquire experience by identifying bred out speci-
mens before starting on those that have been caught in flight.

This method of identification only pertains to the seven com-
mon species and does not provide for the classification of the
uncommon species or for any new species that may make their
appearance in the Canal Zone. These encounters are liable to
occur but seldom if at all. After a little experience one be-
comes so familiar with the markings of the common types that
any new varieties can easily be detected.

2O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ' ' IJ

New Chalcid Flies from Maryland (Hym.)«

By A. A. GIRAULT, Glenndale, Maryland.
CARLYLEIA new genus.

Female : — Like Parasecodclla Girault but the marginal vein
is somewhat longer than the submarginal, the postmarginal
and stigmal veins are nearly equal, distinct, moderately long,
the former a little longer, the stigmal with a distinct neck and
ovate club ; the antennae are inserted a little below the eyes,
near the mouth-border and the club is solid and scarcely wider
than the funicle ; the distinct propodeum is noncarinate (of
uniform length or nearly so, its minute spiracle about central,
or a little caudad of middle) ; the abdomen bears a very short
petiole, is pointed conic-ovate, produced beneath, longer than
the thorax, excluding the ovipositor which is extruded for a
third of the abdomen's length.

Otherwise the same but the mandibles bidentate. Parap-
sidal furrows complete, distinct. Axillae scarcely advanced.
Caudal tibial spur single. Marginal cilia of fore wing a little
longer than normal (that is, not extremely short). Body slen-
der. Coxae large. Prothorax conical.

This group is somewhat anomalous but because of its hab-
itus, noncarinated propodeum, venation and the ciliation of
the fore wing and the paucity of teeth in the mandibles, I
think it is correctly placed among the Omphalini. The sub-
marginal vein is distinctly broken.

Carlyleia marilandica new species. Genotype.

9. Length, i.oo mm., excluding the ovipositor. Metallic blue green,
the fore wings lightly infuscated throughout except for a more or less
obscure, clear space across from the break of the submarginal vein ;
legs white except all of cephalic coxa and femur and the middle and
caudal femora (except at each end). Antennae black, the scape yel-
lowish white except above at apex. First ring joint smallest; funicle I
somewhat longer than wide, slightly shorter than the pedicel, 4 quad-
rate; club without a terminal nipple, about three-fourths the length of
the funicle. Head subglabrous. Thorax very densely scaly, the scutel-
lum smoother. Scutum with scattered, prostrate setae, the scutellum
with not more than four.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 21

Described from one female captured in the woods, May,
1916 (Glenndale, Maryland).

Type: — Catalogue No. 20296, United States National Mu-
seum, the female on a tag, the head and a caudal leg on a slide.

Aprostocetus marilandicus new species.

9. The same as whitmani but a third smaller, the antennae are
wholly white except the bulla and proximal third each of the scape
and pedicel, the third club joint dusky at apex; otherwise the same.
Types compared.

Described from two females from the woods, Glenndale,
Prince George County, Maryland, April.

Types: Catalogue No. 20300, U. S. N. M., the two females
together on a tag, their heads on a slide.

This new species is like Neomphaloidella scmilongifasciata
and Ar. pulchriventris of North America, purple species with
a more or less yellow abdomen, margined with purple, the legs
with the dark color more abundant from caudad to cephalad,
thus similar to a number of Australian species of Tetrasti-
chini and Eupelminae.

Chrysocharomyia eleganta new species.

$. Length, 1.30 mm. Abdomen conic-ovate, somewhat longer than
the thorax.

Dark metallic blue, the legs and antennae concolorous except knees,
tips of tibiae, cephalic tibiae except for two obscure cincti, one near
knee, the other at the middle, three proximal tar sal joints and the
scape except above at apex. Venter of abdomen suffused with yellow-
ish.

Mandibles acutely tridentate but the ventral side of the third tooth
denticulate. Ring joints subequal. Pedicel a third longer than wide
at apex, shorter than any following joint by far; funicle i longest of
the rlagellum, two and one-quarter times longer than wide, slightly lon-
ger than club 2; funicles 2 to 3 subequal, each nearly twice longer than
wide or 3 subequal to club i and a little shorter than 2; terminal spine
of club distinct, not half the length of its joint.

Fore wings with a nearly complete smoky fascia across from the
stigmal knob and which fades caudad of middle, and with a small
round smoky spot against the marginal vein a short distance proximad
of its middle. Marginal vein elongate, the postmarginal distinctly
longer than the stigmal, the latter with a short neck and an ovate club.
Marginal fringes of the fore wing distinct, short.

22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 'if

Body densely scaly, the scutellum with a seta on each side before
apex, the propodeum only with a delicate carina laterad of the spiracle.
Parapsidal furrows complete but sutured cephalad only.

One female, Glenndale, Maryland, from the woods, June
24, 1916.

-Type : Catalogue No. 20356, U. S. N. M., the female on a
tag, a wing, caudal tibia and the head on a slide.

Achrysocharis divina new species.

Female : — Length, 0.75 mm. Differs from the genotype in having the
scape moderately convexly dilated ventrad, plainly compressed.

Metallic green and densely scaly punctate; legs and antennae white
except the coxae, middle femur at base, middle tibia just below the
knee, caudal femora and tibiae, pedicel except at apex beneath, funicle
i, apex of funicle 2, clubs 2 and 3, and the blotched scape which is
metallic at proximal third of ventral margin and at distal third (or the
apex broadly). Head pale yellow excepting the occiput (except nar-
rowly across at vertex), a broken metallic line across face just above
the antennae and a second convexed and broken line through the an-
tennae ; also a more or less distinct spot near the eye on upper face,
minute setae (few) of vertex from dusky dots.

Fore wings distinctly bifasciate, the first fascia from the apex of
the marginal vein along the mesal side of the stigmal, flat-bow-shaped
and fading toward the caudal margin, the second nearly straight but
with wavy margins, across near apex (at middle, about its own width
from apex). Marginal fringes of fore wing between a fifth and a
sixth of the greatest wing width, the stigmal vein slightly longer than
the postmarginal.

Cheeks moderately long, the mandibles 4-dentate. Flagellum clothed
with scraggy hairs ; funicle i a little longer than the oval pedicel, sub-
equal to 2, the club joints a little more slender, the terminal nipple dis-
tinct, not as long as the joint bearing it. Parapsidal furrows distinct,
complete.

One female, June 14, 1916, from a field of weeds, Prince
George County, Maryland.

Type : Catalogue No. 20320, U. S. N. M., the female on a
slide.

SPALANGIOLAELAPS new genus.

Nearly related to Apterolaelaps Girault but differs as fol-
lows : There is no arcuate carina on the face ventrad of the
antennae, the carina separating the scrobes is at ventral third

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 23

only, the mandibles are 4-dentate, there is no cross-suture on
the scutellum, the neck of the propodeum is more distinct
while the abodmen is subsessile, the petiole transverse-linear.
Moreover, the antennae are 13-jointed with one ring-joint, the
club 3-jointed. Maxillary palpi 4- jointed. Pronotum quad-
rate.

Spalangiolaelaps argenticoxa new species. Genotype.

$ . Length, 2.50 mm. Honey yellow, the coxae silvery-white, the
caudal tibiae fuscous, the apex of the abdomen, a spot between the
tegula and the axilla, a large area dorso-laterad just before middle of
segment 2 of the abdomen (fuscous), caudal margin of that segment
broadly, pedicel and rest of flagellum, save funicles I to 2, black.

Head densely scaly-punctate, the lower face convergently striate.
Pedicel nearly thrice longer than wide, distinctly shorter than funicle
i, the latter subelongate, thicker distad or subclavate, four times
longer than wide, a third longer than 2, 6 quadrate, 7 subquadrate.

Thorax cross-reticulated scaly, the scutellum and axillae finely long-
striate. Four long black bristles across pronotum caudad, two on cau-
dal scutum, one on the axilla laterad, four on the scutellum at the
middle, arranged in a semi-circle; long black setae on the vertex (8).
Propodeum between the spiracles long-striate, the spiracle round, cen-
tral. Parapsidal furrows as in Uriolaclaps yet touching the scutellum.

Fore wings about twice the size of the posterior wings, both small,
longer than wide.

Abdomen delicately scaly, distad of segment 2.

From one female, Hillmead (Glenndale), Prince George
County, Maryland. Captured by sweeping the foliage of oaks
and other trees of various species in the woods, June 4, 1916.

Type: Catalogue No. 20305, U. S. N. M., the female on a
tag, the head and a caudal tibia on a slide.

Miscogaster ungutta new species.

9 . Similar to flora but somewhat smaller and the middle tibiae also
are metallic purple. Also, the short abdominal petiole is white. Other-
wise the same. Mandibles 4-dentate.

One female, Glenndale, Maryland, from the woods, June 4,
1916.

Type: Catalogue No. 20313, U. S. N. M., the female on a
tag, the head and caudal tibiae on a slide.

24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

Some Unusual Orchid Insects (Hem., Lep., Dip., Col.)-

By HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

(Plates IV and V.)

The following notes relate only to unusual insects which
have been found associated with orchids growing in New Jer-
sey greenhouses. Biological information concerning such
species accumulates slowly, especially when one is forced to
study them in greenhouses, where material as a rule is ex-
ceedingly scarce and the plants too valuable for unlimited ex-
perimentation.

Two of the species mentioned herein are new, having only re-
cently been described by Mr. G. C. Champion, in the Ento-
mologist's Monthly Magazine for September, 1916, page 200.
These are the weevils Cholus cattleyae and Diorymellus laevl-
margo. Inasmuch as the above mentioned publication is
readily accessible to entomologists in America, it was not
thought necessary to reprint the descriptions which Mr.
Champion so kindly drew up at my request.

Tenthecoris bicolor Scott (Hemip.).

This blue and red member of the family Miridac is occa-
sionally met with in New Jersey greenhouses where orchids
are grown and has been taken at various times by inspectors
examining orchids from South America. It is a common oc-
currence to find the leaves of Cattlcya orchids imported from
Brazil covered with irregular, white spots one or
two millimetres in size, due to the abstraction of chlorophyll
by this bug. (Plate IV, fig. 3). As a rule it is never abund-
ant enough in greenhouses to do much damage, although it
has been known in the past to occur in numbers sufficient to
seriously weaken and disfigure the orchids. It is incorrectly
known to many orchid growers as the "Brazilian thrips."

The adult lives underneath the leaves of infested plants and
both the nymphs and adults puncture the leaves and suck the
juices. Cattleyas are especially subject to attack and Laelias
and Sophronitis often show the characteristic spotting of the
leaves. The following brief description from an account in

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25

the Gardeners' Chronicle for May 16, 1908, p. 313, by Mr. F.
Denis, will enable one to identify this species.

Tcnthccoris bicolor Scott 1886, synonym Euritotarsus orchidcarum
Renter 1902.

Head, pronotum and external edge of upper wings of a pronounced
brick red color; thorax and rest of upper wings, bright blue; antennae
and legs, yellow ; upper side of body and antennae covered with fine
short hairs ; head conical in front with well developed eyes ; antennae
more than half as long as the body. Pronotum constricted, with a
deep ridge in the centre of the constriction. The under part of the
body is of a reddish-yellow. The length excluding antennae, 4 mm.,
the breadth rather less than 2 mm.

Castnia therapon Koll. (Lep.).

This is a rare insect in orchid houses occurring only in a
very limited way. The large, pinkish white larva of this
species bores through the rhizome and up into the bulb, doing,
of course, considerable damage. Oncidhnn crispum, Cattleya
labiata and Catasctum spp. are the recorded food plants.
Brief mention is made of this species together with a figure
of the adult in Seitz's Macrolepidoptcra of the World, vol. VI,
p. 12, plate 7, a, which gives Brazil as its native home. It is
undoubtedly imported every year or so in orchids from Brazil
and never becomes permanently established in the orchid
house, as the adult is too large and showy to escape attention.

ParalleloJiplosis cattleyae Moll. (Dip.).

This species known as the Cattleya midge is another rather
rare insect. The larval stages are passed as yellowish-white
maggots near the tips of the roots resulting in unsightly swell-
ings, which disfigure the roots and check growth, sometimes
causing them to turn black and die. According to Dr. E. P.
Felt, who gives a brief account of this species in the N. Y .
State Museum Bulletin 180, p. 89, each gall may contain from
one to seven maggots, each in a cavity by itself. Orchids im-
ported from Guatemala often have the roots badly disfigured
by these swellings. (Plate IV, fig. i).

Eucactophagus graphipterus Champ. (Col.). (Plate V, fig. i.)

This interesting and large member of the family Cctlandri-
dae is a native of Costa Rica and the U. S. of Colombia. It

2.6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

feeds chiefly on such plants as Oncidium oblongatum, Lycaste,
Odontoglossum and various other species having large soft
pseudo-bulbs. The adult, which is about 17 mm. long and 7
mm. wide and characteristically marked, gnaws large irregular
depressions in the pseudo-bulbs and also feeds on the bases of
the leaves, usually cutting them off more or less completely.
(Plate IV, fig. 4.) Sometimes they feed rather openly on the
leaves, but as a rule they can be found lurking at the base of
the plant. The larva lives in the pseudo-bulb and excavates
quite a large cavity, destroying much of the interior and pav-
ing the way for decay. Pupation also takes place in the
pseudo-bulb. The body of the adult is quite hard, it being al-
most impossible to pierce it with an ordinary pin unless con-
siderable force is exerted. That they can endure long fasts

J O

is evident from the treatment, which they sometimes receive
at the hands of unfeeling workmen in orchid houses, who tie
strings to their legs and hang them up for weeks at a time
finally taking them down and killing them in disgust because
they persist in remaining alive.

Acypotheus (Baridius) orchivora Blackb. (Col.). (Plate V, fig. 3.)
It is not unusual to come across this representative of the
family Baridac and indications of its work in Dcndrobium or-
chids growing in various greenhouses in northern New Jersey.
It is a typical, little, dull black weevil about 3.5 mm. long, hav-
ing the snout and legs thickened, the thorax wider than long
and rounded on the sides to the hind margin. The elytron is
convex and broadly rounded to the apex. The head is finely
punctured, the thoracic dorsum more coarsely pitted and the
elytra marked with parallel punctured striae, the ventral sur-
face and legs also being finely pitted. It was described by the
Rev. T. Blackburn in the Transactions of the Royal Society
of South Australia, 1900. Mr. Walter W. Froggatt in Misc.
Pub. No. 751 from the Agricultural Gazette of N. S. Wales
gives a brief account of this species and figures an adult. He
states that the insects were bred from the pseudo-bulbs or
thickened leaf stalks of Dcndrobium canaliculatum and gives
the following descriptions of the larva and pupa.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27

Larva— short, thickened, wrinkled and curled in burrow when at
rest; head chestnut brown, lightest in center where it is bisected by
two darker lines, arcuate on hind margin; jaws black, antennae and
palpi reddish brown.

Pupa— Pale yellow with black eyes; tip of snout and spines on ab-
domen reddish brown, wing-pads dark colored at tips; dorsal surface
of head smooth, bearing a few scattered hairs; thorax broad showing
a depression on either side and a central suture; abdomen tapering to
extremity, each segment furnished with a spine on either side with
anal one bearing two and a number of spiny hairs at apex; surface
shows several fine hairs upon head with two longer ones above eyes;
snout and legs curled downward, wings folded down forming a pad
on either side.

This insect was evidently introduced into New Jersey green-
houses in orchids imported from some tropical country of the
Eastern hemisphere and while it is not by any means common,
it is not unusual to collect a specimen or two by diligently
hunting through a house of Dendrobiums. During the middle
of the day the beetles seem to prefer to rest in the curled,
basal portion of the leaf, where a considerable part of their
feeding takes place. In New Jersey, Dcndrob'mm findlayanum
and D. crystallinum seem to be attacked more than other spe-
cies as I have found entire specimens of these plants com-
pletely riddled by the larvae.

Diorymellus laevimargo Champ. (Col.). (Plate V, fig. 4.)

This little, black, shiny fellow, which is only 2 mm. long and
i mm. wide and also a member of the Barldae, is sometimes
excessively abundant in orchid houses feeding on Cattleyas
and Dendrobiums. Cattlcya mossiae and C. speciosissinm
have been the ones particularly subject to attack. In addition
to feeding on the leaves, pseudo-bulbs and flower stalks,
the orchid-growers credit this beetle with doing considerable
damage to the flowers and unopened flower buds. Plate IV,
figure 2 shows the somewhat hard discolorations and spots,
usually at the tips and edges of the petals and sepals, which
surround the feeding punctures. I have been informed that a
somewhat similar-looking injury follows improper ventilation
and watering. Such markings of course make the flowers un-
salable or reduce their value. The beetles can be found, some-

28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

times crawling slowly over the plants, but usually in the curled
up, basal part of the leaf or in the sheath surrounding the flower
stalk. Advantage is taken of this habit by the orchid-grower
who sometimes sends a man daily through the house to hunt out
raid destroy them. Up to the present I have been unsuccess-
ful in my search for larvae and pupae and know nothing con-
cerning the early stages. Mr. G. C. Champion writes that the
eight known species of Diorymclhis are all from Central
America and that this new species is related to D. octostriatus
and D. 12-striatus.

Cholus cattleyae Champ. (Col.). (Plate V, fig. 2.)

This attractive species, which belongs to the Curculionidae,
is about ii mm. long, 5 mm. wide, black and characteristically
marked with white and has been found as a rule associated
only with Cattleya gigas, but other species are sometimes in-
jured. Its feeding habits are somewhat similar to those of
Eucactophagns graphlpterus except that the damage is done
higher up. The surface of the pseudo-bulb is irregularly
chewed and the leaves punctured with large holes, the tissue
surrounding these punctures finally turning black and becom-
ing hard and dead. From information received from orchid-
growers and my own observations, I am inclined to believe
that the larval and pupal stages are passed within the pseudo-
bulbs, as coleopterous larvae have been taken from these bulbs
and they often contain large cavities and exit holes. Mr.
Champion states that this species is allied to C. forbesi Pasc.,
from Ecuador, found among orchids and that two allied forms
occur in Central America, these being C. nigromaculatus and
C. nitjronotatns. Caltleya gigas comes from Colombia which
is undoubtedly the home of this species.*

Diaxenes dendrobii Gahan (Col.).

This species, known as the Dendrobium orchid beetle, at-

*Since the above was written, Mr. H. S. Barber has examined my
specimens and finds that two species are confused. One is Cholus
cattleyae and the other has been identified tentatively by him as Cholus
forbesii Pascoe. In view of this, the notes under Cholus cattleyae
apply equally well to ? Cl>.t>hts forbesii as both were found together.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate IV.

*

UNUSUAL ORCHID INSECTS.-WEiss.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXVIII.

Plate V.

R.S.R

UNUSUAL ORCHID INSECTS -WEISS.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2<J

tacks Dendrobiums, Cattleyas and Laelias. The larvae feed
in the tissue of the pseudo-bulb and sometimes mine it so com-
pletely that only the outer skin is left, while the beetles attack
the foliage, pseudo-bulbs and roots. All stages, together with
injured orchids, are figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle
for July 24, 1897, by R. Stewart MacDougall. In the same
article, an allied species, Dia.vencs taylori, is also mentioned.
As far as I know neither of these species has been found in
New Jersey.

EXPLANATION OF .PLATES.

PLATE IV.

Fig. i — Galls of Paralcllodiplosis cattlcyac on orchid roots.
Fig. 2 — Sepals of Cattlcya mossiac injured by Diorymcllns laevimar</o

Champ.
Fig. 3 — Leaf of Cattlcya sp. showing discoloration due to feeding of

Tcnthccoris bicolor.
Fig. 4 — Leaves of Oncidium oblongatum eaten at bases by Eucacto-

phagus graphiptcrus.

PLATE V.

Fig. I — Eucactophagus graphiptcrus Champ.
Fig. 2 — Chains cattleyac Champ.
Fig. 3 — Acypothcus orchivora Blackb.
Fig. 4 — Dioryinellus laevimargo Champ.

The Distribution and Synonymy of Autographa
vaccinii Hy. Edw. (Lep.)«

By RODRIGUES OTTOLENGUI, New York City.
By way of a foreword I desire to state that after a lapse
of fourteen years I am once more engaged in a study of Aiito-
grap]\.a and Allied Genera (see Journal New York Entomolog-
ical Society, June, 1902). I hope in the near future to pub-
lish another monograph, this time illustrated with colored
plates. To this end I already have colored drawings of all
North American types in the British Museum, obtained
through the courteous co-operation of Sir George Hampson.
Also, about thirty colored drawings from my own material
have thus far been completed by that wonderfully accurate

30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., 'l/

artist, Mrs. Wm. Beutenmuller, who is at work on the other
North American species.

I would much appreciate the assistance and co-operation of
American collectors and museum curators, not only in sup-
plying specimens (for which I will gladly pay liberally in
cash or exchange), but for information as well. The first in-
formation requested is in regard to vaccinii. If any collector
or museum is in possession of this species, taken elsewhere
than above timber line on Mt. Washington or neighboring
peaks, I would give much for the privilege of examining the
same.

In using the term Antographa as the generic name I am
not at present denying Sir George Hampson's substituted term
Syngraplia. I am simply using the term at present familiar
to American collectors.

Antographa vaccinii was described by Harry Edwards
(Entomologica Americana, Vol. II, p. 170, 1886). It was dis-
covered by Mr. Roland Thaxter on Mt. Washington, and he
also found and reared the larva on a species of Vaccinium,
whence the name. In his description Edwards points out the
similarities and difference between his new species and
ii-aurcinn. What did he mean by u-aureum f

I first collected on Mount Washington in 1890. I also dur-
ing that same summer collected at Jefferson, New Hampshire,
which is in the valley. I collected on Mount Washington and
about Twin Mountain for several successive summers there-
after. My material was identified and named at that time
mainly by comparisons made for me by Mr. Edwards and Mr.
Neumoegen.

At that time the Grote Check List was in common use, in
which vaccinn does not occur, but u-aureum Boisd. does occur,
the order being u-aureum, mortuormn, ocioscripta, which was
exactly as I placed them in 1902, with only slight rearrange-
ment, viz., rcciangnla (syn. mortuorum} alias, octoscripta.
Alias here replaces u-aureum because I decided that it does
not fit the description of u -our cum, the name, however, which
it was carrying in all Atlantic Coast collections. Hence my

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 31

denominating it "alias," it having passed under an assumed
name as it were.

There is little doubt that "alias" is what Edwards had in
mind when comparing his new species with u-aurcum.

Prof. J. B. Smith tells us (Bulletin 44, U. S. Nat. Mus., p.
255) that the type of vaccinii is with Mr. Thaxter. This I
believe is true, that type being at present at Cambridge, if I
am not mistaken. But there is also a type in the Edwards
collection, labeled correctly Mt. Washington.

Sir George Hampson lists this (Cat. Lep., vol. XIII, pp.
424-5) as Syngrapha u-aurcum, giving vaccinii as a synonym.

I do not wish to discuss the validity of this synonymy at
the present time further than to state that u-aureum was de-
scribed from Dalecarlia, a Swedish locality.

Hampson gives the distribution as follows : Canada — Nova
Scotia. U. S. A. — New Hampshire, Mount Washington ; New
York, Adirondack Mts. Alpine, Grote.

Prof. Smith in his Bulletin says : Mt. Washington, Adiron-
dack Mts., Nova Scotia.

Dyar in his catalog says : North Atlantic States.

It is my own opinion that vaccinii has never been taken else-
where than above timber line on Mt. Washington or some
other contiguous range. Personally I have collected on Mt.
Washington and in the adjacent valleys at least during four
seasons. I have always been able to take vaccinii at proper
season above timber line. I have captured other Autographas
on the summit, but never a vaccinii below it. Mrs. Annie T.
Slosson, who, perhaps, has collected in this region more thor-
oughly and more constantly than any other collector, tells me
that her experience has been similar.

Whence then the statements that vaccinii has occurre'd in
Nova Scotia and in the Adirondack's? I have spent fifteen
summers in the Adirondack's and never saw a vaccinii there.

I believe that we have here a case of false identification.
For example, only recently I examined the specimens in the
American Museum Collection in New York, mainly the Ed-
wards collection. Under vaccinii I found four specimens, the

32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

labels reading Mt. Washington, Adirondack Mts. and" one
other locality, which I do not recall. The point is that the
Mt. Washington specimens were vaccinii, one labeled "type."
The Adirondack specimen was my alias, formerly labeled
u-aurcum in American collections. The other specimen was
octoscripta, the four specimens representing three species.

I may add that I have found exactly similar confusion of
these species wherever I have looked over collections, with
rare exceptions.

That is why I ask collectors to report to me if anyone has
vaccinii from any locality other than the Presidential Range
in New Hampshire. In case anyone has such a specimen, I
should wish not only to hear of it, but to see it.

It has been said of some authors that they would not be
able to recognize their own species if locality labels were re-
moved. The converse seems to be true in this group.

In the American Museum in New York last spring I found
a series which I declared were mixed. I separated them into
angulidens and e.rcelsa. After so separating them, I exam-
ined the locality labels. All that I had called angulidens were
labeled Colorado and all the e.vcclsa bore the label Laggan.
Excelsa, however, was taken by myself in the White Moun-
tains. But if anyone has angulidens from any region out-
side of Colorado, I should be glad to see the specimens. Sim-
ilarly I would like to see sackeni from any locality other than
Colorado, or snowi from any locality other than New Mexico.
If anyone can confirm or disprove the above views, I should
be indebted if he will correspond with me.

A Collecting Trip in Colombia.

Mr. E. B. Williamson, of Bluffton, Indiana, the well-known student
of the Odonata, left his home on November 25 for a trip in Colombia,
South America, where he will devote his energies to collecting his
favorite insects. A card dated December 4 announced his arrival in
Panama, where he expected to remain until the 7th. His plan is to
return home in March.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 33

A New Genus of Bothynotinae, Miridae (Heter.).

By M. WIRTNER, Monte Casino, Covington, Kentucky.

NEOBOTHYNOTUS new genus.

This, our first American genus of Bothynotinae may easily
be recognized by examining the membrane which is pilose
above and below.

Male oblong, female oval, or ovate in the short-winged fe-
male. Head subvertical, pilose, short, behind the exserted
eyes, constricted, immarginate ; vertex wide, somewhat con-
vex ; clypeus slightly elevated, separated at base from the
f rons, base on a line drawn between the antennal pits ; lorae
discrete ; gula short, subhorizontal. Eyes medium, prominent,
distinctly remote from the apex of the pronotum. Antennae
inserted on a line drawn between the center of the eyes,
strongly pilose, the basal joint incrassated, as long as or
slightly longer than the width between the eyes ; second longer
than the third and fourth united, or three-fourths as long as
the basal width of the pronotum, or a trifle shorter than the
pronotum and the scutellum united, becoming (especially in
the female) slightly thicker towards the apex. Rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxae, the first joint passing the
apex of the prosternum.

Prosternum triangular, sides straight and raised, its xyphus
marginated ; orifices of the metapleura tuberculose. Prono-
tum trapeziform, collar raised, hairy, posteriorly convex,
towards the apex strongly declivous, basal width almost twice
its length, or three times its apical width, deeply closely punc-
tured ; calli confluent at the disc forming an arc, shining,
smooth. Scutellum triangular, hairy, the base covered, mi-
nutely transversely wrinkled, a carina beginning at the apex
and disappearing in the depressed middle of the base.

Hemelytra rugose, hairy, lateral margins ampliated, in the
male semipellucid, opaque in the female; subcosta entire,
forming an embolium, cubitus also complete; the hairy
cuneus and the membrane much deflected ; membrane of the
male very long, of the short-winged female reaching the end
of the abdomen, biareolated, distinctly pubescent above and
below.

34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

Feet pilose, posterior femora reaching the apex of the ab-
domen, no thicker than the others. Tarsi: first joint longest,
the second shortest. Claws without arolia but armed with a
strong basal, acute tooth.

Neobothynotus modestus n. sp., type of the genus.

Body brown in the male, in the female piceous, shining. Head, pros-
ternum, first joint of the antennae and the base of the second
joint, the stricture, sometimes the base of the calli rufous. Head
smooth, hairy, its width twice that of the eye ; clypeus piceous. Ros-
trum in the male testaceous, in the female nigropiceous, the second
joint the longest, as long as the second joint of the antennae. Antennae,
apex of the second joint piceous, in some females both the first and
the second joints are nigropiceous, the slender third and fourth soiled
white, the third longer than the fourth.

Pronotum deeply, closely punctured, hairy, brown in the male, in the
female nigropiceous, calli (base always) piceous, stricture rufous.
Scutellum deeply impressed at base, hairy, piceous.

Hemelytra rugose, minutely punctate, a row of more evident punc-
tures on the subcosta, claval suture and on the commissure, the color
the same as that of the pronotum and of the pilose cuneus. Membrane
smoky, iridescent, rugose, pubescent above and below, its length in
the male longer than the basal width of the pronotum, in the ma-
cropterous female as long as, and in the short-winged female three-
fourths as long as the basal width of the pronotum; apex of the large
cell wide, at the short round angle of this cell there are signs of two
very short open apical veins ; a white spot on the membrane below the
cuneus.

Abdominal segments of the male rufous edged with black, in the
female almost or entirely piceous.

Legs of the male testaceous, of the female sometimes entirely nigro-
piceous, the basal acute tooth of the claws about one-third the length
of the claw. One short-winged female is entirely piceous excepting
the top of the head and the stricture.

Length : male 5 mm,, female 4 mm., short-winged female 3.8 mm.

Captured in September at Greeensburg, Pennsylvania, with

the sweepnet in Col. Huff's park. It is also found in Illinois.

Described from twelve specimens in the college collection.

Type: A male, Greensburg, Pa., in St. Vincent College coll.,

Beatty, Pa.*

The male of this species strongly resembles in color and
general shape Renter's figure (I, plate IV, vol. V, Hem. Gymn.
Europae) of Bothynotus pilosus Boh.

*An allotype I will send to Philadelphia and a paratype to the Car-
negie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35

Notes on the Feeding Habits of Adult Chrysopidae

(Neur.).

By L. BRADFORD RIPLEY, Dep't. of Entomology, University of

Illinois, Champaign, 111.

All of the statements that I have been able to find concerning
the feeding habits of adult Chrysopidae agree that "in the
adult stage the insects feed little, or not at all."1 This quota-
tion, from Dr. J. B. Smith, refers to the genus Chrysopa.
Howard informs us similarly that the adult C. oculata "does
not feed,"2 and Wildermuth, in his recent paper on the Cali-
fornia Green Lacewing Fly,3 states that "neither sex has ever
been noted by the writer to feed in the adult stage, even when
food was offered, and doubtless all of the lacewing flies take
little or no food in this period of their existence."

In the summer of 1916, in Glastonbury, Connecticut, the
writer had occasion to keep in confinement many adults of C.
oculata for the purpose of procuring eggs for embryological
studies. The observation of these insects has afforded con-
clusive evidence contradicting this prevalent statement.

A large scarlet aphid common in New England, on the
stems of Golden Glow (Rudbeckia laciniata), having been ni-
troduced into the cage, the smaller specimens were vigorously
attacked by the chrysopids. The prey was grasped in the man-
dibles by the end of the abdomen, the juices sucked and the
skin completely eaten. One female, while under observation,
ate three aphids in rapid succession, but refused more food.
These adults also drank from drops of water. When apple
leaves were put in the cage, the insects ran over them rapidly,
with their heads almost touching the leaves, as if searching for
small insects or eggs.

Adults of both sexes, soon after being collected, or a few
hours after feeding, \vere often observed to discharge black
pellets from the anus, which appeared to be animal matter, as

1 John B. Smith, Sc.D., Economic Entomology, p. 74.

2 L. O. Howard. Insects, p. 225.

3 V. L. Wildermuth, California Green Lacewing Fly. Journal of
Agricultural Research, Vol. 6, No. 14, 1916.

36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

viewed with the microscope, so finely ground and digested,
however, that no tissue was distinguishable.

After a few days of confinement without food or water, fe-
males invariably died a premature death, with many eggs in the
abdomen unlaid, whereas fed females usually laid all, or nearly
all, of their eggs.

Unfed females were observed to extract eggs from their own
abdomens with their mandibles, and to devour them rapidly one
after another. The performance of this operation by one in-
dividual was witnessed three times in less than one minute.
Only those insects which had been confined without food and
water for a few days were seen to resort to this source of nutri-
ment. In several instances, females were seen trying to extract
eggs in this manner without success, the eggs being, presum-
ably, too far within the vagina to be reached by the mandibles.

Since this egg-eating habit is displayed only by unfed individ-
uals, it is concluded that hunger is the chief stimulus to this
reaction. Scarcity of food for adult Chrysopidae may have
been of sufficiently frequent occurrence in the past to account
for the development of the preservative instinct exhibited by
the females, of eating the eggs. This instinct, however, does
not permit the insect to subsist on its own eggs until its abdo-
men is emptied of them, as evidenced by the fact of death by
starvation with many eggs still in the abdomen. The rate at
which eggs are available for extraction by the mandibles is
not sufficient to satisfy the demands for nutriment ; however,
when food is scarce, this egg-eating habit is doubtless of
great preservative value in allowing the females to subsist from
one meal of insects to another.

To summarize: (i) Adults of both sexes feed upon small-
er, soft-bodied insects, drink water and discharge solid excre-
ment. (2) Unfed females die of starvation, leaving a large
portion of their eggs unlaid. (3) Females on the point of
starvation eat their own eggs, extracting them from the abdo-
men as frequently as they are available — a preservative in-
stinct.

Thus Chrysopidae are of even greater economic importance

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37

than has been known, since the useful work of the notoriously
predaceous larva is supplemented by the predaceous work of
the adults. In the struggle for existence, however, the posi-
tion of this family is decidedly less advantageous than formerly
supposed, inasmuch as, not only the larval food, but also the
amount of food available for the adult insect, is an important
factor in determining the number of individuals.

A Species of Macrotracheliella found in New England
(Hemip., Anthocoridae).

By H. M. PARSIILEY, Bussey Institution, Harvard University.

While examining not long ago some unmounted insects be-
longing to the Boston Society of Natural History, I found an
Anthocorid bug unlike anything I had previously seen. I sent
it with some other doubtful specimens to Mr. O. Heidemann,
who returned it without comment as "Macrotracheliella sp.,"
another instance of my friend's well-known acumen and will-
ingness to give others the benefit of his great knowledge of
the Hemiptera. This genus was founded by Champion in the
Biologia1 to contain a new species, M. laevis, of which he had
examples from Mexico and Panama. The occurrence of a
very closely related species in New England is one of those
troublesome facts of distribution which every now and then
arise to. confront us with our profound ignorance of what is
or has been really going on, notwithstanding our theories of
zones, soils, land-bridges, and so forth.

The specimen at hand agrees in every particular with Cham-
pion's generic diagnosis but differs from M. laevis in certain
characters of specific value. For those who do not have ac-
cess to the Biologia it may be of service to present the chief
characters .of the genus, especially as it has not been
reported hitherto as occurring in the Nearctic region.

MACROTRACHELIELLA Champion.

Anterior lobe of pronotum narrow and conical forming a
continuous outline with the elongated cylindrical basal part of

1Biol. Cent. -Am., Ins., Rhynch. II., p. 322, Tab. 19. figs. 21, 22, 22a.

3& ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

the head, apical collar present ; eyes distant from the front of
the pronotum ; rostrum short, not reaching the front coxae.
Embolium narrow, linear ; membrane with only one vein,
situated near the inner margin. Mesosternum greatly de-
veloped, convex, with a short anterior carina ; metasternal ori-
fices long, curved forward, reaching the lateral and anterior
borders of the metapleurae. Legs slender, the femora some-
what thickened. Body oblong, shining, clothed with sparse
hairs. Wing-cell with a hamus.

This genus belongs to the Anthocorinae and should be
placed before Anthocoris which is easily distinguished from it
by the much less elongate head and pronotum and the 4-veined
membrane. Triphleps contains smaller species with 3-veined
membrane.

Macrotracheliella nigra sp. nov.

Shining black, third antennal segment narrowly yellow at base, tarsi
dark brown, paler beneath. First antennal segment not quite reaching
apex of head, second about twice the length of the first, enlarged in
apical half, third somewhat longer than the first, fourth missing. Pro-
notum impressed just within the slightly knobbed lateral angles, pos-
terior lobe convex, very finely punctate, declivous, meeting the im-
punctate horizontal anterior lobe in a sharply defined transverse line.
Scutellum convex and finely punctate basally, the apical half strongly
depressed, flat, transversely rugose, acute at apex. Hemielytra very
obscurely punctate, the corium longitudinally convex, the cuneus de-
flected and slightly concave ; membrane extending beyond apex of ab-
domen, brown, narrowly pale along lateral half of cuneal margin and
at the inner basal angle. Clothed above and below with very sparse
erect hairs, legs and antennae sparsely pilose, the pubescence of the
tibiae finer and close. Length 2.5 mm.

Holotype 9 , Chilmark, Massachusetts, 14 Aug., 1911 (J. A.
Cushman), in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural
History.

Closely related to M. laevis Champ., to judge by the de-
scription and figures, but differs from that species in having
the third antennal segment pale only at base and the hemiely-
tra entirely black while the first and second antennal segments
are shorter. (In the type specimen the fourth antennal seg-
ments have been broken off) .

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1917.

The News for 1917.

The rising cost of living and of everything else has begun
to affect the NEWS but we shall not let it affect our subscribers
if it be possible to avoid doing so. We shall not raise our sub-
scription price or reduce the number of pages as long as our
many present friends stand by us. We think we have been giv-
ing as much (or more) in return for the annual sum of two dol-
lars as any other entomological journal in the world and we
don't propose to fall behind our past record in this respect.
On the other hand, to run into bankruptcy would defeat the
very objects for which the NEWS exists and it therefore seems
advisable to adopt the following precautionary measure. We
shall limit the number of plates in each issue to one or two,
except where authors supply the blocks for the plates accom-
panying their articles or pay for making blocks. This may
mean that illustrated papers may be somewhat retarded in their
publication, but the ways to secure earlier appearance are ob-
vious.

We take this opportunity of reminding our contributors of
the desirability of carefully considering the limitations under
which reproduction of drawings and of photographs can be
made. When these are to be reduced in size in order to come
within the dimensions of an average NEWS plate (6l/2 by 4
inches), it must be remembered that the details of drawing or
of photograph must be so far apart that, when brought nearer
together by the necessary amount of reduction of the whole
plate, they will still be far enough apart to be distinct. This
also involves the distances of the various figures on the same
plate from each other. Also, since all the figures on a given
plate are reduced at once and made into a single block, all the
figures must be on such a scale as to bear the same amount of

39

4O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

reduction. If a plate must be printed from several blocks its
cost is increased, for several blocks are more expensive than
one single block whose area is equal to the sum of the
several. A little careful measurement of the "copy" and cal-
culation will often save much time and disappointment in the
appearance of the published illustrations.

Drawings can usually be reproduced in zinc, but drawings
with fine details and photographs require copper, which at
present costs twice as much as zinc. All drawings must be
made with jet black ink, not the common bluish writing ink
which will not photographically reproduce. A half-tone, which
is the form in which photographs are reproduced, ordinarily
shows the background of the photograph, hence if several pho-
tographs are associated side by side to form a plate and their
backgrounds are of different shades of color, this difference
shows also in the half-tone when printed and produces a dis-
pleasing effect. All cutting away of backgrounds or any
manipulation necessary to remove imperfections in the photo-
graph is only done at additional charge.

Questions and. Ans^vers.

The NEWS invites those having any entomological questions which they wish
answered to send such in for publication under this heading, and also invites
answers from its readers or others to these questions. Questions and replies
should be as brief as possible and the Editors reserve the right not to publish
any of either class which seem to them objectionable or inappropriate. Those send-
ing in contributions to this department will please indicate whether they wish
their names or merely one or more initials to appear in connection with their
communications, but all such must be accompanied by the full name and address
of the writer for the information of the editors.

QUESTION No. 3 — Green geometers usually lose much of their color
in the relaxing jar. Can this be avoided and how? I would like to
hear from Lepidopterists on the subject. — G. C.

Notes and News

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

Psyllia buxi Linn, in New Jersey (Homop.).

During the summer of 1916 adults of this species were taken at
Springfield, Rutherford, East Orange and Riverton on boxwood plants
growing in nurseries. The plants on which they were found were old
and well established, having been imported a number of years ago, so
there is no doubt about the species being established in New

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 41

Jersey. The curled condition of the foliage due to larval activities is
quite a common occurrence on boxwoods imported from Holland and
it was undoubtedly introduced from this country. It is probably also
established in other parts of New Jersey, especially on estates where
boxwood hedges and plantings are common and surely must occur in
other Eastern States too, inasmuch as it has been mentioned at differ-
ent times in the News Letters of the Federal Horticultural Board as
being found on imported boxwoods. Considering its method of over-
wintering, it is evidently being introduced more or less regularly every
time imported boxwoods are received in this country.

In Smith's "Cat. Ins. of N. J.," p. 109, can be found the following
note : "Psylla buxi Linn. An imported species on Buxus scmpen'ircns,
which has been found in Jersey City." This does not however lead
one to assume that it is established in New Jersey. In Van Duzee's
Check List of the Hemiptera of America, North of Mexico, it is not
recorded.

A brief account of Psyllia buxi in Holland and its importance as a
pest can be found on page 176 of Vol. I, "Ziekten en Beschadigingen
der Tuinbouwgewassen" by M. Van Den Broek en P. J. Schenk. This
article states that adults appear in May and June depending on the
temperature and locality and that later about the time the plant has
formed new buds for next season, each female lays from one to three
eggs on the leaves at the tips of the branches. These hatch before-
winter and the nymphs which are covered with a white, waxy sub-
stance hibernate under the buds in the axils of the leaves. When the
buds develop in the spring, the whitish masses covering the nymphs
are readily seen. The injury resulting from the activity of the
nymphs consists in a curling of the1 leaves so that they resemble little
cups or hollow hemispheres.

In New Jersey adults were taken about the middle of July and also
in August and the tips of the branches of many plants showed the
characteristically curled leaves. According to the Dutch authors, good
results were obtained in the way of control by spraying in the spring
with a 7.5 per cent, of soluble carbolineum emulsion. As far as is
known, no remedial measures have ever been attempted against this
insect in New Jersey. In fact, many persons have assumed that the
peculiar curling of the leaves is characteristic of boxwoods and cer-
tainly no great disfigurement takes place provided the infestation is
slight.

H. B. WEISS & E. L. DICKERSON, New Brunswick, N. J.

The O. B. Johnson Entomological Collection.

Orson Bennett Johnson, professor emeritus of zoology in the Uni-
versity of Washington, has given the university his valuable entomo-
logical collection. — Science, Nov. 3, 1916, p. 635.

42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

Phylogeny of Ant Lions (Neur.).

There has heen a general agreement in looking upon the Nymphidae,
a small family confined to Australia, as representing the probable type
from which the Myrmeleonidae have been developed. But this agree-
ment is not, so far as I can ascertain, based on any definite evidence,
but merely on a general impression of the Myrmeleonid-like appear-
ance of the well-known Nymphcs myrmeleonidcs Leach. We now have
definite venational evidence to go upon, and we may say at once that
it fully establishes the claim of the Nymphidae to be regarded as the
remains of the ancestral group from which the Myrmeleonidae have
sprung, the course of evolution being marked by gradual reduction in
the general density of venation, in the size and prominence of the
pterostigma and in the length of the antennae (which become stouter
and clavate) and by a change from a wandering (probably nocturnal),
carnivorous larva, with omnivorous tastes, to a sedentary, pit-dwelling,
ant-feeding form. — R. J. TILLYARD. (Condensed from Proceedings,
Linn. Soc. Nciv South Wales, 1915, pt. 4, pp. 743, 745. 1916.)

Knto mo logical Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy -Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico are given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 5 — Psyche. 9 — The Entomol-
ogist, London. 10 — Nature, London. 47 — The Zoologist, London.
68 — Science, New York. 102 — Proceedings, Entomological Soci-
ety of Washington. 143 — Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus,
Ohio. 153 — Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New
York. 198 — Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory,
Woods Hole, Mass. 240 — Maine Agricultural Experiment Station,
Orono. 251 — Annales, Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris. 285 —
Nature Study Revue, Ithaca, N. Y. 313 — Bulletin of Entomologi-
cal Research, London. 324 — Journal of Animal Behavior, Cam-
bridge. 394 — Parasitology, Cambridge, England. 421 — Report,
State Entomologist on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of Illi-

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43

nois, Urbana. 447 — Journal of Agricultural Research, Washington.
450 — Apuntes de Historia Natural, Buenos Aires. 457 — Memoirs
of the Coleoptera by Thos. L. Casey, Washington. 478 — Miscel-
laneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.
540 — The Lepidopterist. Official Bulletin, Boston Entomological
Club.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Bcdkin & Cleare— Notes on some ani-
mal parasites in British Guiana, 313, vii, 179-90. Brown, K. B.—

Microtechnical methods for studying certain plant-sucking insects
in situ, 68, xliv, 758-9. Turner, C. H. — Literature for 1915 on the
behavior of spiders and insects other than ants, 324, vi, 383-99.
Ramsay, E. P. — Hints for the preservation of specimens of natural
history, 32 pp. (Australian Museum, Miscel. Pub. No. 5).

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Hoy, W. E., Jr.— A

study of somatic chromosomes. 1. The somatic chromosomes in
comparison with the chromosomes in the germ cells of Anasa
tristis, 198, xxxi, 329-63.

MEDICAL. Dunn, E. R. — Mosquitoes and man again, 68, xliv,
788-90.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Levy, R.— Contribution a 1'etude des
toxines chez les araignees, 251, Ser. X, i, 161-399. Robinson, H.
W. — Some species of tick infesting polecat and otter [Bibliog. no-
tice], 47, 1916, 399.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Harrison, L.— The genera and species
of Mallophaga; 394, ix, 1-156. Williamson, E. B. — Directions for
collecting and preserving specimens of dragonflies for museum
purposes, 478, No. 1, 15 pp.

HEMIPTERA. Baker, A. C.— A synopsis of the genus Cala-
phis [2 n. sps.], 102, xviii, 184-89. Baker & Turner — Rosy apple
aphis, 447, vii, 321-44. Cushman, R. A. — The native food plants of
the apple red-bugs, 102, xviii, 196. Van Duzee, E. P. — Note on
genus Hyoidea, 5, 1916, 141.

Osborn & Drake — Some new sps. of nearctic Tingidae [7 n.
sps.], 143, xvii, 9-15.

LEPIDOPTERA. De Gryse, J. J. — The hypermetamorphism
of the lepidopterous sapfecders, 102, xviii, 164-8. Heinrich, C.—
On the taxonomic value of some larval characters in the L., 102,
xviii, 154-64. Lathy, P. I. — A new South American Papilio, 9,
1916, 241-2. Reiff, W.— Lepidopterological items from Massachu-
setts, 540, i, 3-5. Wolley-Dod, F. H. — A change of synonymy in
Xylomiges, 4, 1«J1G. 367-8.

44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., ' IJ

Bartsch, R. C. B.— Two new forms of Catocalae, 540, i, 3. Beu-
tenmuller, W. — Description of a new sesiid, 4, 1916, 372. Busck,
A. — Descriptions of new No. American micro L. [l n. g., 15 n. sps.],
102, xviii, 147-54. Eastman, W. F. — A new form of Catocala pura,
540, i, 2. Gibson, A. — A n. sp. of tortrix of economic importance
from Newfoundland, 4, 1916, 373-5. Swett, L. W.— New species
of Geometridae from California, 450, i, 5-6 (cont.).

DIPTERA. Howard, L. O. — A curious formation of a fungus
occurring on a fly, 102, xviii, 196-7. Hutchison, R. H. — Notes on
the larvae of Euxesta notata, 102, xviii, 171-77. Knab, F. — Egg-
disposal in Dermatobia hominis, 102, xviii, 179-83. Metcalf, C. L.
— Syrphidae of Maine, 240, Bui. 253. Walton, W. R.— The tachinid
genus Argyrophylax, 102, xviii, 189-92. Webb & Hutchison— A
preliminary note on the bionomics of Pollenia rudis in America,
102, xviii, 197-9. Weiss, H. B.— Monarthropalpus buxi in N. J., 5,
1916, 154-6.

Brues, C. T. — A remarkable n. sp. of Phora (Trineura), 4, 1916,
394-5. Parker, R. R. — Sarcophagidae of New England, III, Sarco-
fahrtia ravinia, new gen. and sp., 5, 1916, 131-9.

COLEOPTERA. Allard, H. A.— The synchronal flashing of fire-
flies, 68, xliv, 710. Barber, H. S. — A new sp. of weevil injuring
orchids, 102, xviii, 177-9. Craighead, F. C. — The determination of
the abdominal and thoracic areas of the cerambycid larvae as based
on a study of the muscles, 102, xviii, 129-46. Forbes, S. A. — Life
history and habits of the northern corn root-worm (Diabrotica
longicornis), 421, xxviii, 80-86. Frost, C. A. — Collecting notes and
random observations of the Maine C., 4, 1916, 381-90. Hyslop,
J. A. — Pristocera armifer parasitic on Limonius agonus, 102, xviii,
169-70. Sell, R. A.— Ways of the western flower beetle, 285, xii,
332-4.

Casey, T. L. — Further studies in the Cicindelidae [many new];
Some random studies among the clavicornia [many new], 457, vii,
1-34; 35-292. Wickham, H. F. — A new brachyelytrous trogositid
beetle from Colorado, 5, 1916, 146-8.

HYMENOPTERA. Bradley, J. C.— Taxonomic notes on Aga-
thinae (Braconidae), 5, 1916, 139-40. Gray, H. St. G.— Scarcity of
wasps, 10, 1916, 209. Middleton, W.— Notes on Dianthidium ari-
zonicum, 102, xviii. 193-5. Wells, M. — Literature for 1915 on ants
and myrmecophils, 324, vi, 400-406. Wheeler, W. M. — Note on
the Brazilian fire-ant, Solenopsis saevissima; An anomalous blind
worker ant, 5, 1916, 142-3; 143-5. Williams, L. T.— Notes on the
egg-parasites of the apple tree tent-caterpillar (Malacosoma ameri-
cana), 5, 1916, 148-53.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45

Cockerell, T. D. A. — Some California bees [3 new], 4, 1916,
391-3. Girault, A. A. — A new genus of omphaline Eulophidae
from N. America [1 n. sp.], 9, 1016, 249-50. Rohwer, S. A.-- -Notes
on the Psammocharidae described by Provancher, with descrip-
tion of a n. sp., 4, 1916, 369-72. A new bee of the genus Dianthi-
dium, 102, xviii, 192-3. Viereck, H. L. — New sps. of the bee genus
Andrena in the American Mus. of Nat. History [4 new], 153, xxxv,
729-32.

THE LEPIDOPTERIST : Official Bulletin of the Boston Entomological

Club.

Volume One, number one (four pages) of this publication has ap-
pleared. The editor is Rudolf C. B. Bartsch, Roslindale, Massachusetts.
The price of subscription is thirty-five cents a year. The last publica-
tion devoted to Lepidoptera exclusively was "Papilio" and it died about
thirty-three years ago. "The (Boston) Club has one feature which is
new to entomological societies of this country. After each regular
business meeting the Club holds an auction sale of specimens belonging
to various members. A ten per cent, commission is charged which is
placed in the treasury of the Club." Can you imagine such a thing in
Boston! The Club advocates the publication of a priced catalog of
lepidoptera to facilitate exchange among collectors. The editor appears
to be the president of the "Kato Kalo Co.," which deals in the Catacolae
of the world. A new species and several new varieties are described,
but the dominant idea of the Club and the journal seems to be com-
mercialism. There may be a place in the sun for a new journal of this
kind which will appeal to the beginner and the collector and we will
watch the experiment with interest. If something is not done for the
embryo entomologist there is danger that the veterans may die off much
faster than the ranks are recruited. The activities of our older ento-
mological societies are too profoundly scientific to encourage or interest
the tyro, who is to become the scientific entomologist of the future.
— H. S.

Doings of Societies.

American Entomological Society.

Meeting of October 26, 1916, in the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia. Dr. Henry Skinner, president, in the chair. Eleven per-
sons present.

Dr. W. J. Holland and Dr. W. L. Abbott were elected to resident
membership.

Mr. Rchn made some interesting remarks on the Arizona field work
of the past summer carried on by Dr. F. K. Lutz and himself, in the in-
terests of the Academy and of the American Museum of Natural His-

46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

tory. Several particularly interesting ranges of mountains in southern
Arizona were visited and examined for general entomological material,
but particularly for certain Lepidoptera and Orthoptera. The results
were quite satisfactory and much information and evidence relative
to the distribution and occurrence of insects were secured. The re-
marks were illustrated by a map of the region visited.

These remarks led to a discussion on night collecting with light, and
Dr. Skinner mentioned collecting Sphingidae in Cuba late at night or
early in the morning when the insects became chilled and in this con-
dition on walls, etc., could be easily bottled, and thus perfect speci-
mens secured.

Orthoptera. — Mr. Laurent exhibited nymphs, adults and egg-
masses of Paratenodcra sincnsis, and read a paper by Prof. W. Loch-
head in the Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 1914,
page 64, speaking of the writings of Jean Henri Fabre, from which he
quotes statements regarding the Praying Mantis (probably Mantis re-
ligiosa). Paratcnodera sincnsis female, as observed around Philadel-
phia, does not differ from what Fabre states for Mantis rcligiosa. On
September 2oth Mr. Laurent placed a female in a large cage along
with three males. Within five minutes a male copulated with the fe-
male, and before the day was over the "husband" paid for his rashness
with his life. The female ate the entire insect excepting the two hind
legs and wings. From the 20th of September until the I4th of Octo-
ber she devoured six husbands — when she died without laying eggs.
Although there were at all times from three to six males in the cage,
yet the female only molested those that copulated with her. In the
vicinity of Philadelphia the eggs of sincnsis hatch about the middle of
May. By the end of August the majority of the insects are fully de-
veloped, and from then on to about the 2Oth of October mature speci-
mens can be captured. These remarks were followed by discussion by
Messrs. Wenzel, Hornig, Skinner and Ilg.

Coleoptera. — Mr. Wenzel exhibited a specimen of typical
Mci/ctra z'ittata and a very large specimen supposedly of this species
lately received from the Hueco Mountains, New Mexico, northeast of
El Paso. — ROSWELL C. WILLIAMS, JR., Recording Secretary.

Newark Entomological Society.

Meeting of November 12, 1916, held in the Newark (New Jersey)
Public Library. Pres. Buchholz in the chair and twelve members pres-
ent. Mr. A. Goerner of Jersey City was elected a member.

Lepidoptera. — Mr. Rummel exhibited Apatura ccltis from Ha-
gerstown, Maryland, VI-29 and Apatnra clyton from Arlington, New
Jersey, VIII-4, and spoke of his experience with and of the secretive
habits of the adults of the latter species. He also mentioned finding

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47

thousands of the larvae on hackberry during October and later in the
season under foliage at the bases of the trees. He exhibited hundreds
of second stage larvae which he had collected at Arlington. Mr.
Weiss showed two species of Geometridae which had been captured
by the sticky nectar of the mosquito plant, I'incctoxicum japonicum.
and also dried specimens of the plant.

Hymenoptera. — Mr. Weiss spoke of finding the European saw
fly, Diprion simile Hartig, in New Jersey this past summer, and of its
injury to pines and exhibited a male and a female.

Coleoptera. — Mr. Weiss exhibited two orchid weevils new to
Xew Jersey, these being Acypotheiis orchirora Blackb., and Diorymcl-
lus laevimargo Champ., both being injurious to greenhouse orchids,
the latter species only recently having been described by Champion. —
HARRY B. WEISS, Secretary.

Entomological Section, The Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia.

Meeting of November 23, 1916. Nine persons present. Mr. R. C.
Williams, Jr., Vice-Director, presiding.

Mr. McAtee, of Washington, D. C., spoke of his interest in work-
ing up the local fauna of that vicinty.

Diptera. — Mr. Hornig reported the finding of fresh pupae of the
house fly on the 20th of this month which he considered noteworthy in
view of the prevailing cold weather.

Lepidoptera. — Mr. Ilg exhibited some specimens of the lo moth
which he said are emerging now in his room. He said that birch was
the food plant of these moths. Dr. Calvert called attention to a com-
munication by Dr. Carpenter in the Proceedings of the Entomological
Society of London (for 1915, pages Ixix-lxxii) relative to his obser-
vations in South Africa of birds eating butterflies. The birds seem-
ingly preferred the Lycaenidae to the Pierinae. Mr. McAtee spoke of
his investigation of birds as agents in the destruction of insects. He
stated that, although there seems to be conclusive proof that birds
eat butterflies, the quantity consumed evidently cannot materially affect
their survival. He further stated that according to his observations
a species is never exterminated by its natural enemy.

Orthoptera. — Mr. Rehn made a few interesting remarks on the
auditory foramina found on the cephalic tibiae of Tettigoniidae and
Gryllidae, with particular reference to the external development of
the same found in certain genera of the Gryllotalpinae. The features
separating Gryllotalpa and a new genus related to the same were dis-
cussed and material illustrative of this exhibited. Mr. Rehn said in
answer to a question that the function of the so-called auditory organs
has not been definitely determined. A lengthy discussion followed as

4& ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Jan., '17

to the correlation of certain characters such as size of the stridulating
apparatus and ocelli in short and long wing forms of Orthoptera; also
regarding the correlation of the size of the eyes and the habits of
animals in relation to light and darkness.

Meeting of December u, 1916. Eleven persons present. Director
Philip Laurent presiding.

Coleoptera.— Mr. Laurent exhibited a collection of twenty-six
species of Coleoptera and a number of other insects that he had col-
lected in molasses traps during the past summer. The traps consisted
of jelly glasses containing about an inch of molasses, which were sunk
in the ground so that the tops of the glasses would be level with the
surrounding surface; about an inch and a half above the top of the
glass a flat stone or piece of wood was placed so as to keep out the
rain. The speaker stated that few collectors ever tried this way of
collecting. The principal beetles that fall victims to the traps are
Carabidae.

Mr. Hebard spoke of his experience with molasses traps in collecting
insects, especially Orthoptera. He mentioned a time while collecting in
New Jersey, during the migration of the army worm when his traps
were so filled with specimens of this species that he had to give up
his quest for Orthoptera. He further stated that sinking these traps
at various places having diverse environments resulted in interesting
captures and showed that certain species are more confined to certain lo-
calities or habitats than is generally realized. The speaker also stated
that he has tried to find specimens of some of the species caught in
such traps, by making thorough search over a large area around the
traps, looking under stones, pieces of wood, etc., but never has had any
success. He said that this method of collecting, viz., with molasses
traps, does not seem to be satisfactory in the tropics. General discus-
sion followed principally on the apparent abundance of one sex of a
species while the other sex is seldom or never seen.

Mr. Williams called attention to some passages in "The Nightside
of Japan," by Fujimoto, which describes the interest Japanese take
in the song of insects ; a society has been formed in Tokyo for hearing
insects sing, the "Mushi-Hanachi-Kai" (Meeting of Setting Insects
Free).

The following officers were elected for the year 1917: Director, Philip
Laurent ; Vice-Director, R. C. Williams, Jr. ; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson ;
Conservator, Henry Skinner; Secretary. J. A. G. Rehn ; Recorder, E. T.
Cresson, Jr. — E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder.

The number of Entomological News for December, 1916, was mailed
at the Philadelphia Post Office December 6, 1916.

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ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXVIII.

Plate VI.

•

OMUS CUPREONITENS-BLAisDELL AND REYNOLDS.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXVIII. FEBRUARY, 1917.

No. 2.

CONTENTS:

Blaisdell and Reynolds— A New Omus

(Coleop ) 49

Cockerell — Entomology at the United

States National Museum 55

Emerton — Spiders in the Adirondacks

( Araneina ) 59

Shinji— New Aphids from California

(Hem., Horn.) 61

de la Torre Bueno — New York Scolopo-

stethi (Family Lygaeidae : Heter.) 65
Fall — A New Genus and Species of Bu-

prestidae (Col.) 68

Griggs — Return of Animal Life to the

Katmai District, Alaska 70

Huguenin — A New Catocala Net 71

Felt — New Indian Gall Midges ( Dip. ).. 73
Editorial — The Convocation Week

Meetings— A Retrospect 77

Questions and Answers 78

Hiser — Erebus odora and its Larvae in

Iowa ( Lep. ) 79

Advances in Knowledge of Fossil In-
sects 80

Laurent — Collecting Insects by the aid
of Molasses Traps (Col.)... 81

Skinner — Some Synonymy in the Hes-
peridae ( Lep. ) 82

Dolley— The Rate of Locomotion of Va-
nessa antiopa (Lep.) in different
luminous intensities and its bearing
on the "continuous action theoiy "
of orientation 83

Entomological Literature 83

Review: Aldrich's Sarcophaga and
Allies 86

Doings of Societies — Entomology at the

Convocation Week Meetings 87

Feldman Collecting Social (Coleop.,

Lep., Dipt., Hvmen., Streps. Orth.) 94
Newark Entomological Society (Lep.,
Hemip., Coleop.) 9

A New Omus (Coleop.).

By F. E. BLAISDELL, SR., and L. R. REYNOLDS, San Francisco,

California.

(Plate VI)

A recent collecting trip to Humboldt County, California,
brought to light several very interesting facts and what is be-
lieved to be a new species of Out us, which may be denned as
follows :

Omus cupreonitens, n. sp.

Elongate, glabrous, deep black and shining; lustre varying from
cupreous to glossy black.

Head moderate, as wide as the pronotum, or slightly narrower ; eyes
feebly prominent; interocular region adjoining the clypeal base promi-
nent and convex, polished, very sparsely punctulate and feebly rugu-
lose at its periphery, and defined laterally by distinct frontal impres-
sions ; remaining frontal region irregularly and moderately coarsely
rugulose, the upper part of each frontal impression exhibiting a dis-
tinct vertiginous spot when viewed vertically from above, the adjacent
rugulae being concentrically arranged ; supraorbital rugulae parallel ;

49

5O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

clypeus usually glabrous or with a few obsolete rngulae laterally;
labrum almost truncate to feebly lobed at middle, the angles being
sub-prominent and narrowly rounded ; mouth parts nigropiceous ; an-
tennae reaching beyond the prothoracic base and moderate in stout-
ness.

Pronotum a little wider than long, sides feebly arcuate anteriorly,
thence almost straight and converging to the base, bead fine and not
quite entire at base, not interrupting the sub-marginal groove, the
propleura visible posteriorly when viewed from above ; disc convex,
feebly so in the central area, strongly so laterally and apically, less so
before the basal angles, sub-apical and sub-basal transverse impres-
sions distinct, median longitudinal line distinct and more or less im-
pressed and quite obsolete beyond the transverse impressions, surface
vermiculately rugulose, rugulae in the apical area somewhat longi-
tudinal and somewhat obsolete ;' apex transverse ; base transverse and
very feebly bisinuate.

Propleura feebly and more or less transversely rugulose. Lateral
plates of the prosternum obsoletely rugulose, the rugulae crinkly and
transverse. Prosternum glabrous.

Elytra oval, to slightly oblong oval, about one-third longer than
wide, sides evenly arcuate and sub-parallel in the middle third ; humeri
not angulate, broadly rounded or obsolete; sides more or less oblique
in apical third and arcuately converging to the obtusely rounded apex,
marginal bead rather fine ; disc moderately convex, irregularly punctu-
ate, punctures moderate and sub-equal throughout, well separated and
equally distributed ; nine to eleven setigerous punctures more or less
impressed and visible to the naked eye, surface microscopically reticu-
late.

Epipleura glabrous at base, elsewhere obsoletely crinkled.

Mcso- and metastcrna glabrous shining. Mesothoracic side plates
obsoletely rugulo-strigulose ; metathoracic side plates more or less
longitudinally strigulo-rugulose.

Pemora sparsely and feebly sculptured.

Abdominal surface glabrous and shining.

Male. (Fig. i.) — Fifth ventral segment deeply emarginate at middle,
sinus evenly rounded at the bottom, as wide as deep, depth equal to
about one-third of the segment, lateral lobes evenly rounded from
within and at apex. First three joints of the metatarsi equal to the
length of a metafemur. In the type (Fig. i) the humeri are inter-
mediate between those of Fig. 3 and Fig. 2(9 Type).

Female. (Fig. 2) — Fifth ventral segment ogival at apex — sides quite
straight and converging to form the very narrowly rounded apex.

Measurements: $. Total length, 15.0 mm.; of elytra, 7.75 mm.;
width, 4.5 mm. Length of pronotum, 3.0 mm.; width, 3.5 mm.

?. Total length, 15.5 mm.; of elytra, 8.5 mm.; width, 5.0 mm.
Length of pronotum, 3.0 mm. ; width, 3.6 mm.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51

Habitat. — Humboldt County (shore of Humboldt Bay near
Arcata), California. Collectors, Blaisdell and Reynolds. Num-
ber of specimens studied 150.

Types in the collection of F. E. Blaisdell. Co-types in both
the authors' collections.

It requires considerable courage to describe a new Omus,
when so many are being described and founded on what are
ostensibly intraspecific variations of known species.

The unique habitat of cupreonitens makes it of especial in-
terest. It appears that general habitus when studied in a large
series is a more reliable criterion than details, which vary in
degree to such an extent in intraspecific forms as to be truly
misleading.

Diagnostic Characters. Cupreonitens has a form more like
calif ornicus than any other, while the elytral sculpturing is
that of audouinl; the pronotal rugulosity is not like that ob-
served in calif ornicus, but less dense and coarser. In colora-
tion it is said to resemble vandykei.

The type of vandykci was found by Dr. Walter Horn in the
Rivers collection. Prof. Rivers had labeled it submetaUicus,
and it is the only known specimen, having been collected in
middle Oregon. Mr. F. W. Nunenmacher has collected other
specimens in Humboldt County, that have been referred to
this species, but we believe doubtfully. There is before us a
specimen collected at Dyerville, central Humboldt County, and
in the Fuchs collection ; it was obtained from Essig, who re-
ceived it from Dr. Horn, if it is correctly labeled. It is not
the same as cupreonitens. Calif ornicus and cupreonitens are
coastal species, and in all probability have the same ancestry.
Vandykei from central Oregon is related to audonini, orc-
gonensls and humeroplanatus, the latter being abundant in
Humboldt County (Green Point Ranch).

We do not propose to study species of Oinus from uniques
or from series of ten or twenty, but from series of fifty and up-
ward. Each series must be collected in a single geographical
area.

52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

DETAILS OF THE HABITAT OF CUPREONITENS.

The series constituting the present study was taken on the
clay banks of Humboldt Bay, and separated by a dike and re-
deemed marshes from the main land. The species lives in the
transitional area between high water mark and the dike above
mentioned. The highest elevation of the transitional area is
'not over five feet above sea level and consists of the irregular
clay dumpings of a dredger, the inland side of which is over-
grown with swamp grass, millefoil and a few weeds. The first
specimens were taken from beneath logs and boards left by
high tide. Trechus ovipcnnis, Anisodactyhts californicus and
Bcnibidia were their companions. Many specimens were
caught running over the bare clay banks, both when the sun
was shining and when the weather, was cloudy. They were
taken in the greatest numbers on the intermediate and drier
levels, from beneath boards and by digging the matted grass
apart. Larval burrows were everywhere abundant on the in-
land side of the clay dumps. Twelve larvae were dug out of a
piece of bank twelve inches square. The larvae are to be sent
with others of the Blaisdell collection to the University of Il-
linois, where they will be studied. It is hoped that some defi-
nite relationships will be determined in this way.

Let it be carefully noted that the present species is founded
upon the study of a series of one hundred and fifty specimens.
Such a series shows the extremes of the specific aggregate.
All the specimens were taken in the same area, which was about
one- fourth of a mile long and twenty-five feet wide and as
described above. The variations included in the series are
analogous to those exhibited by similarly large series of other
species taken in any one geographical area.

A species studied in this way can have its limitations more
understandingly worked out. The authors' collections include
large series of californicus, sequoia-rum, edivardsii, blaisdcUi
and ambiguus; some of the series of the same species are from
different geographical regions or areas and exhibit identical
variations, with some one particular intraspecific phase pre-
dominating. These series' show beyond all cavil that many of

Vol. XXviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53

the recently described species are nothing more or less than
the extremes, sports or aberrations belonging to well-known
specific aggregates. When the last word shall have been spo-
ken— if that occurs before evolution has had time to act-
probably two-thirds of the fifty-two described species and vari-
eties will fall into synonymy as forms (intraspecific variations) ;
the remaining one-third will be species with their subspecies
or races.

Before drawing this paper to an end it will be worth while
—and helpful to the susceptible — to study some of the intra-
specific variations or forms.

MEASUREMENTS OF THE EXTREMES OF CUPREONITENS.

Smallest Male. Total length, 14.0 mm. ; of elytra, 8.0 mm. ; width, 4.3
mm. Length of pronotum, 3.0 mm.; width, 3.2 mm.

Largest Male. See type.

Smallest Female. Total length, 14.0 mm. ; of elytra, 7.0 mm. ; width,
4.3 mm. Length of pronotum, 3.0 mm. ; width, 3.3 mm.

Largest Female. Total length, 17.0 mm. ; of elytra, 10.0 mm. ; width,
5.5 mm. Length of pronotum, 3.75 mm. ; width, 4.2 mm.

SPECIMEN SHOWING THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF VARIATION
AS REGARDS ELYTRAL SCULPTURING.

Female. — Total length, 14.5 mm.; of elytra, 8.1 mm.; width,
5.0 mm. Length of pronotum, 3.0 mm.; width, 3.2 mm. The
setigerous punctures of the elytra are more noticeably im-
pressed and subfoveate, eleven in number on each elytron
and arranged in two rows. This specimen would without doubt
be described as a new species if separated from the aggregate.
As a control an abundance of intermediates are at hand.

In numerous specimens the setigerous punctures are not im-
pressed and therefore not visible without a hand lens. The
visible subfoveate punctures by no means represent all of the
setigerous punctures, especially those of the humeral and apical
regions.

In cupreonitens the mental tooth is recurved, narrow and
deeply grooved, and variable as regards those characters. The
largest female has the lateral bead of the pronotum meeting
the basal bead and interrupting the basal sub-marginal gromr
so that it does not pass on to the basal border of the propleura.

54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '17

In the smallest male the marginal bead does not join the
basal bead and the submarginal groove at base passes continu-
ously onto the basal border of the propleura. Similar inquiry
into the variations of the other species shows the same varia-
tions in specimens caught in the same geographical area. The
list includes californicus, dcjeani, sequoiarum, Iccontcl and
ambiguus.

VARIATIONS IN OMUS BLAISDELLI.

The male has the mental tooth subacute, surface plane, and
recurved as usual. In the females the mental tooth is stouter,
more rounded at apex and the surface is plane. Variation:
tooth less recurved and distinctly truncate at apex. The lat-
eral marginal bead of the pronotum joins the basal bead in all
the specimens at hand.

MEASUREMENTS: Smallest Male. Total length, 16.0 mm.; elytra, 9.8
mm. ; width, 4.8 mm. Pronotum. — Length, 3.2 mm. ; width, 4.0 mm.

Largest Male. Total length, 18.0 mm. ; elytra. 10.5 mm. ; width, 6.0
mm. Pronotum — Length, 3.8 mm. ; width, 4.1 mm.

Smallest Female. Total length, 19.0 mm.; elytra, n.o mm.; width.
5.5 mm. Pronotum — Length, 3.5 mm. ; width, 4.5 mm.

Largest Female. Total length, 21.0 mm.; elytra, 12.0 mm.; width,
6.1 mm. Pronotum — Length, 4.0 mm.; width, 5.1 mm.

The above measurements have been made from specimens,
selected from a series of twenty-two specimens that were col-
lected on the same one-fourth acre of land (Davis Meadow,
near Glencoe, Calaveras County, California) bordering a small
meadow and sparsely covered by bull-pines. They were living
absolutely under the same environment. Seven of the speci-
mens have no humeri, and fifteen specimens have broadly
rounded humeri. In the seven, the lateral elytral border passes
directly and obliquely backward from the elytral base. One
male has very nearly the form of augusto-cylindriciis, and the
elytra are just slightly wider than the pronotal base. The
seven without humeri are undeniably like inter me dius. Inter-
mediates connect the two extremes. Such are the variations
presented by a small series in which there can be no doubt of
specific identity. No mention is made of a similar series taken
two miles distant, for if the two series were mixed there might

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55

be reasonable ground to argue that two different races or spe-
cies were involved. Similar series of cdivardsii, sequoiaruni,
audouini, Iccontei, hunter oplanatus and cupreonitens tell the
same story. The extremes of a specific aggregate are hetero-
types. The specific aggregate of californicus includes vcrmicu-
latns and sculptilis, as well as several intraspecific forms that
have escaped description.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

Omus cupreonitens n. sp. Fig. i, male type, humeri moderate and
rounded ; Fig. 2, female type, humeri broadly rounded ; Fig. 3, male,
an intraspecific variation, humeri obsolete ; Fig. 4, an average female.
Figs. 3 and 4 more highly magnified than Figs, i and 2.

Entomology at the United States National Museum.*

By T. D. A. COCKERELL, Boulder, Colorado.
Several years ago, when going over the early correspond-
ence of Spencer F. Baird at the Smithsonian Institution, I
came across the following interesting letter, addressed to Dr.
John Iy. LeConte, of Philadelphia:

November 20, '58.
DEAR JOHNNY :

You may as well return Vesey's bugs when done with, to be kept
here with his other collections. I don't believe there is another speci-
men here which you have not seen from the western territories. I
hope the new Entomological Circular we are about distributing will
stir up the insects generally.

Yours ever,

S. F. BAIRD.

Vesey was John Xantus de Vesey, generally known in ento-
mological literature as Xantus, who collected beetles, along
with many other things, in Lower California. Dr. Horn (Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci., 1894) stated that the collections were made
in 1859 and 1860, but we have evidence here that LeConte re-
ceived specimens as early as 1858. Such species as C\miato-
dcra xanti Horn and Pachybrackys .vanti Crotch commemo-
rate the Xantusian labors in this direction.

*Read at the meeting of the Entomological Society of America, New
York, December 27, 1916.

56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '17

Further contributions from the western territories were de-
scribed by LeConte in 1859, in his work on "The Coleoptera of
Kansas and Eastern New Mexico," published by the Smith-
sonian Institution. Even in these early days it was recognized
that the detailed facts were to be used synthetically, and the
paper just mentioned contains a colored plate, illustrating the
Entomological Provinces of North America.

A Catalog of the described Coleoptera of the United States,
prepared by Melsheimer, and revised by Haldeman and Le-
Conte, was published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1853.
A new edition, by LeConte, appeared in 1863.

Other activities could be mentioned, but the above will suf-
fice to recall the beginnings of entomology in the National Mu-
seum. Following the custom of the Smithsonian Institution,
which is continued to this day, co-operation with students and
institutions in various parts of the country was sought, and the
then small resources were made to go as far as possible.

Thirty years later than Baird's letter to LeConte, I was in
active correspondence with the Washington entomologists, at
that time under the leadership of C. V. Riley. I recall my
amazement at the kindness shown to an unknown student in
the far West, at the numerous and valuable publications sent
out free of charge. The story of American economic ento-
mology has been told by Dr. Howard and others. Much of it
is fresh in the minds of most of us, and it is not necessary to
go into details. The point we are interested in at this moment
is, that the great development of the practical side of ento-
mology led to a corresponding development of its purely scien-
tific aspects, of insect biology and classification. The Na-
tional Museum, securing the co-operation of the Department
of Agriculture, and depending on the staff of that Department,
was able to build up a collection of first-class importance. Up
to the • present moment this dependence has continued, and
comparatively little of the entomological activity in the Museum
is under the jurisdiction of and supported by the Museum
proper. This is not a unique situation but represents a common
trend in American scientific affairs. Thus in the Museum a

Vol. XXV'iii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57

large part of the work on fossils and molluscs is done by offi-
cials of the U. S. Geological Survey ; in the universities and
schools researches are carried on by those who are primarily
paid to teach. It is a wise policy to interpret the laws govern-
ing economic activities liberally, so as to include, or at least
permit, work which, though not directly economic, forms the
basis of the designated undertakings.

Having visited the National Museum at intervals, dating
back to the time when entomology occupied cramped quarters
in the building, I have witnessed with pleasure and admiration
the great developments which have taken place. These devel-
opments, however, have tended to increasingly tax the re-
sources of the institution, and to-day it is impossible to keep
all the collections in good order and up to date. Many of the
men are so keenly interested that they work overtime, far into
the night or on holidays ; but in the nature of the case it is im-
possible for them to keep pace with the accessions and the
developments of the science in all its ramifications. Being
nearly all employed ostensibly as economic workers, working
for the Department of Agriculture, injurious insects and cor-
respondence relative to them naturally take precedence, and
more purely scientific activities tend to be crowded to the wall.

Fully recognizing the necessity and wisdom of the form of
development which has brought the entomological division of
the Museum up to its present high standard, I venture to sug-
gest that we must in the future, perhaps in the near future,
pass to another stage of departmental evolution. Ideally, the
Museum has functions resembling those of a library in many
respects. It is the business of the curators, first of all, to ar-
range and classify the collections, and make them available to
those who can use them to advantage. The Department of
Agriculture has long ago developed its library facilities, instead
of depending on the various workers to do library work. Even
the Bureaus have their libraries. It would be entirely to the
advantage of the Bureau of Entomology to have the care of
the entomological collections taken off its hands, and assumed
by the Museum. It would be advantageous to the Museum,

58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

from the standpoint of administration, to have control under
a unified system. There is no possible reason why, under such
an arrangement, the economic workers should not have the
fullest use of the materials, whenever they required them,
and the Museum would of course continue to profit enorm-
ously by the labors of the Bureau men.

Under Museum administration, every phase of the science
would receive consideration, and each group of insects would
have its own museum curator. Great developments would
follow, which could not very well occur under economic aus-
pices, stretching the law to the utmost. For example, the
Museum is extremely deficient in exotic insects, especially those
of the Old World. There are of course large exotic collections,
notably the neotropical Lepidoptera donated by Schaus ; but
when we come to compare the exotic collections as a whole
with those of the British Museum, the comparison is humili-
ating.

Without going into further details, I venture to suggest the
appointment of a committee of this society to inquire into the
subject and report a year hence. The first question is natur-
ally that of ways and means. It would be necessary to secure
a suitable grant from Congress, and in order to do that, ento-
mologists would be called upon to press the matter in as many
places and at as many times as opportunity offered. This they
could or would only do if convinced of the importance and
justice of their cause. It is easy to say that no museum, in any
part of ,the world, has yet been able to deal thoroughly with its
entomological materials. Even the British Museum has cabi-
nets full of accessions, sorted only down to the major groups.
Yet it seems reasonable to urge that in view of the great and
increasing importance of entomology, and in view of the posi-
tion of the United States in the world, we ought certainly to
bring our national entomological collections up to a standard
which will fairly correspond with our great resources and repu-
tation for intelligence. '

I have recently had occasion to review certain phases of
English nineteenth century history. It is curious to read to-
day the discussions over the problem of popular education, held

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59

at a time when church schools were endeavoring to cope with
the education of the masses, without even appreciating the
magnitude of their task. If some of the really great and good
men who opposed public education could now come to life in
the United States, and see the vast expenditure of money on
universities and schools of all grades, they would indeed be
amazed. What we take now as a matter of course and of ne-
cessity, would then have seemed ultra-chimerical. So, I be-
lieve, the support given to science in future days will compare
with what we now regard as large expenditures. With faith
and imagination there is no telling what developments may be

possible.

— • <»» • —

Spiders in the Adirondacks (Araneina).
By J. H. EMERTON, Boston, Mass.

In August last I joined a party of entomologists from Cor-
nell University in an exploring visit to the neighborhood of
Mt. Whiteface in the Adirondacks of northern New York. A
large variety of entomological specialties were represented and
three of us, Prof. C. R. Crosby, Mr. S. C. Bishop and the
writer, devoted ourselves to spiders. The party assembled
during August 2Oth at Wilmington, twelve miles northeast of
Lake Placid, and began the sweeping of bushes and turning
over logs around the village. The following day Prof. Crosby
and I went to Wilmington Notch and spent the day sweeping
the roadside and sifting the leaf mold in the maple woods at an
elevation of 1600 feet. Most of the spiders found are known
in other parts of the State and in Vermont and New Hamp-
shire. Among them are the following: Ccratinclla hietabilis.
atrlccps and brunnea, Caseola herbicola, Lophocarcunin sini-
plc.r and longitarsus, Microneta viaria and cornupalpis, Diplo-
slyla brcris, Bathyphantes zebra, Cicnrina brevls and Cryphoe-
ca iiiojitana. In the bushes were Thcridion inontaninn and
aurantium, Drapctisca socialis, Epeira aiujnlata and corticaria,
Hyptioles cavatus.

On the third day we went up Mt. Whiteface. The lower
part of the mountain has been cut and burned and we did
nothing until we reached the spruce forest at a height of 3000

60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

feet, and here as in the White Mountains we found Linyphia
ncarctica on the small spruce and balsam trees and with it the
more widely diffused Tlieridion montamtm, and nearer the
ground Tlieridion se.rpunctatum. At about 4000 feet we spent
much time sifting the moss which grows thickly on the decay-
ing stumps, and the species here were the same as at a similar
elevation in the White Mountains — Tlieridion se.rpunctatum,
Pedanostcthus fnscns, Lophocarenum castanemn, Lophocare-
iinm (Ttncticns) armatns, Tmcticus montanus, bidentatus and
truncahiSj Amaurobins tibialis and Gnaphosa bru mails. The
rarer Tmcticus microtarsus and Nematogmiis drassoides were
also found. Above the trees at 4500 feet were Pardosa un-
iata, muscicola and lutcola. We camped two nights on the
mountain and continued collecting near the summit and on
the way down. Another day was spent at Wilmington along
the lumber roads east of Mt. Whiteface, ascending gradually
from 1000 feet at the village to 2500 feet in the undisturbed
forest on the northern side of the mountain. The way passed
first through open and partly cultivated country and here we
found such familiar spiders as Theridion diffcrens and inura-
rium, Linyphia phrygiana, marginata and variabilis, Hclophora
insignis, Pardosa tachypoda and Dcndryphantcs flai'ipcdcs.
In the clearing at the highest part of the road were Tlieridion
montanum, Linyphia ncarctica, Diplostyla nigrina, Amaurobiits
borealis and Liocraninn calcaratum.

After leaving Wilmington we spent a day at Saranac on the
boggy shores of one of the ponds. Here were Epcira stri.r,
corticaria and prornpta, the two species of Argiopc, Sing a
variabilis, Tctragnatha (Eucta) caudata and Sittacus palnstris.
The black and white bog variety of Epcira labyrinthca also
occurred on low plants around the edge of the bog, several
having, as in the bogs in Maine, large conical nests containing
the cocoons of eggs. Throughout the trip search was made,
in the small conifers, for Tlieridion zclotypitui, which extends
across Canada as far south as Sherbrooke and Ottawa, but it
was not found. Altogether no species of spiders were col-
lected, six of which need further study and may be described
as new.

Vol. xxviiij

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

61

New Aphids from California (Hem., Horn.).

By G. O. SHINJI, Berkeley, California.

(Plate VII)

Thomasia californiensis n. sp.

Alatc 1'ii'iparons female. — General color orange to salmon-red.
Length of body excluding style, 2.6 mm. ; greatest width of abdomen,
1.2 mm. Wing expansion, 5 mm. Head broader than long, dusky.
Eyes red, prominent. Beak short, dusky, not reaching the second coxa
as in apterous forms. Antenna dusky except yellowish basal part of

10

Figs, i-io, Thomasia californiensis n. sp. I, winged viviparous fe-
male; 2, apterous viviparous female; 3, first, second and third joints of
the antenna of apterous viviparous female; 4, 5, 6, the antcnnal joints
of the adult alate viviparous female; 7, cauda of the apterous form;
8, cauda of the alate individual; 9, cornicle of the alate female; 10,
cauda of the apterous viviparous female.

62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '17

III, provided with rather few, but very long, bristle-like hairs ; III
with about 18 circular sensoria. Length of antennal joints: III, .6
mm.; IV, .5 mm.; V, .3 mm.; VI, .2 mm.; spur or filament, .4 mm.
Prothorax wider than long, dusky. Meso- and metathorax also dusky.
Middle and hind legs black except orange basal one-third of the
femur. Basal one-half of femora and tibia of the front leg orange,
the remaining part dusky. Length of femora: front, 1.3 mm.; mid-
dle, i.i mm.; hind, 1.7 mm. Abdomen of red-salmon color, with
dark dorsal bands. Hairy throughout body. Cornicle black, wider at
base than at apex. Style black with a few long hairs.

Apterous viviparous female. — General color salmon-red to orange.
Length of body, 2.8 mm. Greatest width of abdomen, 1.6 mm. Head
the color of body, broader than long. Beak beyond the second coxal
cavity, tip dusky, remaining part salmon-red. Antenna shorter than
body ; article III, salmon-red, provided with bristle-like hairs on a
row facing outside ; IV and V, mostly dusky, but with a smaller num-
ber of bristles each; VI, including filament, dusky. Length of anten-
nal joints: III, ./ mm.; IV, .4 mm.; V, .3 mm.; VI, .2 mm.; filament,
.4 mm. Prothorax slightly dusky, wider than broad. Meso- and
metathorax also slightly dusky. Abdomen salmon-red, with a black,
transverse band on each of the segments. Cornicles black, base de-
cidedly wider than at the apex. Style dusky, somewhat rounded and
provided with hairs. Legs slightly dusky, except at the joints.

Host plant — Acer macrophylla.

Locality — University of California campus, Berkeley, Cali-
fornia.

Date of Collection — April 5, 1915.
Types at the University of California.

Myzocalis essigi n. sp.

Alatc viviparous female. General color pale. Length of body, ex-
clusive of style, 1.65 mm. Greatest width of abdomen .65 mm. Wing
expansion 2.3 mm. Head broader than long, pale, width between the
eyes .25 mm. Tip of beak slightly dusky. Antenna pale except at the
joints of III, IV, V and most of VI including spur which are dusky.
Length of antennal joints: III .6 mm, IV .4 mm, V .3 mm, VI .2 mm,
filament .19 mm. Article III with 6 to 7 circular sensoria. Prothorax
pale, .5 mm. long and .32 mm. wide. Mesothorax pale, width .55 mm.
Metathorax also pale. Legs pale except dusky tarsi with claws. Abdo-
men pale with 4 large, long, blunt tubercles on first and second seg-
ments. Cornicles black, somewhat constricted near the middle. Style
distinctly constricted, pale. Anal plate deeply and beautifully bifur-
cated, pale. Wings hyaline.

Nymphs are beautifully shaded with green and pale.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 63

Locality — University of California campus. Berkeley, Cali-
fornia. Date of collection, April 5, 1915, and also June 15,
1916. Host plant — Qucrcus sp.

Note. — Absence of any dusky spots about the thorax and
dusky color of the cornicle distinguish this species from its
relatives, such as M. discolor, M. bcllus, M. quercifolia and
others.

This species is named after Professor Essig, who has en-
couraged and in many ways helped the writer in the study of
this group of insects.

Myzocalis woodworthi n. sp. (Plate VII).

Alate viviparous female. General color light green. Length of body
excluding cauda 1.2 mm. Greatest width of abdomen .5 mm. Wing ex-
pansion 3.1 mm. Head broader than long, width, including eyes, .35
mm., pale. Tip of beak slightly dusky. Antenna dusky. Length of ar-
ticles : III .55 mm., IV .4 mm., V .3 mm., VI .2 mm., spur, 2 mm. Num-
ber of sensoria on antennal joints: III, 28; IV, 14; V, 12; VI, 4. Pro-
thorax nearly as wide as head, width, .5 mm., length, .3 mm., pale. Meso-
and metathorax pale with muscle lobes amber. Mesothorax with a pair
of large spines. Width of mesothorax .4 mm. Femora and tibia pale,
tarsi dusky. Abdomen pale, with dusky dorsal bands. Bands or mark-
ings of this species fade somewhat in mounted specimens. Dorsal tu-
bercles on the first and second abdominal segments present as in M.
essigi. Cornicles dusky, about .13 mm. long. Style constricted at base.
Anal plate distinctly and deeply bifurcated.

Nymphs with checkered dorsal marking on the abdomen as in M.
cssiyi, yl/. maiirci and M. passani.

Locality — University of California campus, Berkeley, Cali-
fornia. Date of collection — June 20, 1916. Host plant — Qucr-
cus sp.

This beautiful aphid is named in honor of Professor Wood-
worth, of the University of California, with whom the writer
has enjoyed studying for more than eight college years.

What seems to me M. hyalinus Mon. has been recently col-
lected by the writer in this locality, although the spur is almost
subequal to the base ; it may be a local variation. The writer
has never had an opportunity of seeing any true form of M.
hyalinus . This species agrees with Monell's description in sev-
eral points.

64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

Myzocalis hyalinus Mon. (?).

Alate viviparous female. General color pale. Length of body exclusive
of style 3.2 mm. Wing expansion 3.5 mm. Head pale, width between
the eyes .3 mm. Eyes prominent, black. Beak short, tip slightly dusky
and lying between the first and the second coxa. Antenna pale except
dusky rings near the joints of III, IV, V and VI including spur. Ar-
ticle III provided with about 6 large circular sensoria near the base.
Prothorax pale, smallest width .4 mm., greatest width, which is nearer
to mesothorax, .7 mm., length .4 mm. Mesothorax pale, with muscle
lobes orange ; width, .95 mm. Legs with dusky spot at the base of tibia,
tarsi dusky, rest pale. Abdomen pale, very much inflated. Cornicles
pale, slightly longer than wide at base, somewhat constricted at middle,
length about .1 mm. Style pale, tip rounded, with spines about .25 mm.
long. Anal plate pale, deeply bilobed, provided with long spines.

Nymphs. — As far as the writer's observations go, nymphs of this spe-
cies were not shaded with green as in the case of related species.

Locality — University of California campus, Berkeley, Cali-
fornia. Latest date of collection — July 28, 1916. Host—
Querms sp.

The writer has had opportunities to examine several hun-
dreds of Aphid species, but never observed such a numerical
variation as presented in this species. The following measure-
ments obtained with specimens collected on the same day at
one and the same niche will illustrate this statement :

Numerical variation in M. hyalinus Mon. in millimeters.

Specimen No. i No. 2 No. 3 No. 4

Length of body including style 3.7 2.9 2.4 1.75

Width of abdomen 1.4 1.3 .9 .8

Wing expansion 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.5 .

Length of antennal joint III 95 .9 I. .8

Length of antennal joint IV 7 .9 .8 .6

Length of antennal joint V 6 .75 .6 .5

Length of antennal joint VI 27 .35 .25 .29

Filament 27 .40 .25 .23

Thus in my specimen the spur is not absolutely longer than
the base. I am not as yet sure whether this is true liyaliuus
Monell or not.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

Figs, ii to 18, Myzocalis ivoodrvorthi n. sp. n, Alate viviparous fe-
male; 12, nymph; 13 to 16, the antennal articles of the alate viviparous
female; 17, cauda, 18, cornicle of the alate viviparous female.

ENT NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate VII.

MYZOCALIS WOODWORTHI-SHiNJi.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 65

New York Scolopostethi (Family Lygaeidae : Heter.).

By J. R. DE LA TORRE-BUENO, White Plains, New York.

SCOLOPOSTETHUS Fieber
Fieber, 1861, Eur. Hem. 66 and 188; Horv. 1893, Rev. d'Ent. 238.

The genus Scolopostcthits of the family Lygaeidae was es-
tablished by Fieber in his Europaischen Hemiptera, in the
dichotomy. In the specific keys it was further defined and
six species were separated. It belongs in the subfamily RJiy-
parochrominae (Stal), V. D. Check List, or Aphan'mae of the
European authors; and to the tribe Lethiini (Stal) V. D.
(recte Lethaeiini), or Drymini of the Europeans, and follows
our southwestern genus Hsuris Stal in the lists, or Cryphula
Stal in our local fauna, being the last of the family Lygaeidae
in Van Duzee's arrangement. This, by the bye, differs mark-
edly from Oshanin and other European authorities, in whose
arrangement it follows Eremocoris, its most similar neighbor.

The Lygaeidae (or MyodocJiidae) form a very extensive
family, being the third in number of species after the Mlrldae
and the Pentatomldae, in this order. All have a very distinctive
aspect, from the gaily colored species of Lygaeus to the gray
and sober Nysius. They fall into a number of well-defined
divisions recognized as subfamilies and tribes. The ApJianinac
(Pachynierlnae, Rhyparochromlnae} are distinguished by hav-
ing the sutures of the second and third abdominal segments
more or less curved toward the connexivum which they do not
reach, a sharp character separating them from all other sub-
families. The Lethaeiini are separated from the remaining
tribes of the subfamily by having no regular lateral lamellar
pronotal expansion except at the middle, and the pronotum
much narrowed anteriorly.

In Scolopostcthns the head is triangular, anteriorly acumi-
nate, the first antennal joint going beyond its apex ; the eyes
do not quite touch the pronotum ; the rostrum reaches the in-
termediate coxae, the pronotum is trapezoidal, sometimes nearly
square, depending on the wing development ; the lateral mar-
gins sinuate, laminate ; the incrassate anterior femora have a

66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '17

single long spine, followed by a series of shorter ones at least
to its base and sometimes to its apex.

Its chief characters are: the rostrum not going beyond the
intermediate coxae and the first joint of the antennae not pro-
jecting beyond the head by more than half its length, which
distinguishes it from its most similar neighbor, Ercmocoris.
It is separated on the other hand from Drymus by the nearly
parallel body and the pronotum not so markedly trapezoid, it
being strongly so in the latter.

On recorded distribution, Scolopostethns is essentially palae-
arctic, 12 of its 16 species being peculiar to that region, of
which ii are found in Europe. Of the remaining species, 2
are American or Nearctic ; I Maorian, from New Zealand, and
2 Oriental, from China and India. It is unwise, however, to
place much reliance on this distribution, since the species are
smaller members of an inconspicuous group little collected any-
where, except in Europe, where entomologists abound and
where collecting has been most intensive.

Four species are known from the United States — Scolo-
postetlms thomsoni, also European and described thence; S.
atlanticns and 5". diffidcns, described in 1893 by Horvath from
the United States ; and S. tropicus, described by Distant in
1882 from Guatemala (as Ercmocoris}, and recorded by Van
Duzee from "Pacif.," thereby meaning California, etc. ; Gil-
lette and Baker, in Hemlptera of Colorado, record it thence.

No species of the genus was known from America, North
or South, until Mr. E. P. Van Duzee recorded 6". affinis from
the United States. In 1893 Horvath described 5". atlanticus
and .S. diffidens in the Revue d'Entomologie, in his paper on
American Scolopostethi, "Les Scolopostethus americains," in
which he also noted the occurrence of the European S. thom-
soni Reuter, 1875, on both sides of the Atlantic, and that S.
affinis was European only, so far as known. Our species are
separable by the following key :

I (?~) — Two erect hairs near ocelli: anterior femora with one large
spine near middle, with smaller spines running from it to both
ends S. thomsoni Reut.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 6/

2 (i) — Without hairs near ocelli; anterior femora spined only to-
ward apex from large spine.

3 (4) — Membrane grey; clavus with three rows of punctures,

S. atlanticus Horvath.

4 (3) — Membrane dark brown, marked with white; clavus with
four rows of punctures, basally confused S. diffidcns Horvath.

Scolopostethus thomsoni Reuter (1875, Ann. S. E. F., 562)
is a widespread species through Europe. With us it has been
recorded by Horvath from Canada and California, and later by
Barber in Insects of New Jersey (Smith), from Roselle Park,
New Jersey, taken by sifting. In his Hemiptcra of Buffalo,
Van Duzee states it is not uncommon among moss and rubbish
in fence rows ; long- and short-winged forms were found hiber-
nating together, in company with Blissus leucopterus; the
young occurred in July. It is also known from Alaska.

Scolopostethus atlanticus Horvath (1893, op. c. 239) is
seemingly the most abundant species about New York. Hor-
vath recorded it from Massachusetts and New Jersey. In
Journal New York Entomological Society it was recorded from
White Plains, from clumps of tussock grass or sedge, at the
base, in May, June and July. My last catch was in June of
last year, when I collected 54 by sweeping the tussock sedge
growing in a marshy spot. These individuals came from the
flowers or seeds at that time, however. In May I also took it
under a board on a dike running through a marsh or swale.
The species is to be found overwhelmingly in the short-winged
form; out of some 80 before me only five are fully winged.
It also seems particularly prone to defective antennae, three
specimens having three joints only on one or the other antenna,
and one has both antennae 3- jointed. It seems that Costa
founded his genus Tritomaccra on such a defective specimen,
and it may be that we shall eventually call the genus under dis-
cussion by this name.

I received this species from Colorado under the name Scolo-
poscdis discoidalis, a member of the family Anthocoridae.
New Mexico (Ft. Wingate) and Newfoundland (East Coast)
are new records ex my collection.

Scolopostethus diffidens Horvath (1893, op. c. 240) is re-

68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '17

corded by him from Massachusetts and California ; Barber has
found it in New Jersey (Lakehurst) ; and I took it in Am-
herst, Mass., one long-winged and one short-, under leaves in
May.

Very little indeed is known of these insects with us, so that
it may not be amiss to note here the habits of the more col-
lected and better known European species.

Scolopostethits pictus, according to Puton, is found in ants'
nests ; Fieber states it is found under fallen leaves, under
plants on grassy mounds on dikes ; Guerin and Peneau find it
on lake shores in July, on willow ; Saunders took it in the Eng-
lish Fens.

-S. affinis Schilling, Saunders reports as common in rubbish
and as taken by sweeping nettles in summer ; Douglas and
Scott say it is very common, especially under heath, nearly all
the year through ; Guerin and Peneau find it common all year,
in summer in the fields, on divers plants, in winter under moss ;
Fieber records it on dry stony mounds, under Erica (heath).

These are typical of the habit of the other species ; all seem
to be found under leaves or near damp places or on dry fields,
some, indeed, in all three habitats.

A New Genus and Species of Buprestidae (Col.).

By H. C. FALL, Pasadena, California.

AMPHEREMUS. New genus.

Body narrow, subcylindric, mentum very strongly transverse,
arcuate anteriorly ; labrum short, bilobed ; epistoma broadly
sinuate. Antennal cavities rather large, separated by slightly
more than one-third the total width between^ the eyes, upper
margins oblique and slightly reflexed. Eyes moderate, their
inner margins nearly parallel. Terminal joint of maxillary
palpi widest at base, feebly conical, a little compressed, apex
truncate,, preceding joints obconic, as wide as long. Antennae
short, rather thick, serriform from the fourth joint, the serri-
form ioints densely finely punctate and opaque inferiorly and
apparently with very small intro-terminal sensory fossae.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 69

Prothorax cylindrical, not margined at sides except for a very
short distance at the base angles ; base with a short, broad,
sinuate, feebly reflexed lobe. Scutellum very short and broad,
scarcely entering the elytral disc, its posterior margin broadly
arcuate. Elytra narrow, parallel, a little wider than the thorax ,
side margins not serrulate. Prosternum broadly convex, more
strongly so between the coxae, squarely truncate in front, in-
tercoxal process slightly dilated behind the coxae, then gradu-
ally pointed. Mesosternum deeply impressed or divided
throughout its length, the impression or excavation occupied
anteriorly by the tip of the prosternum, but open for a short
distance posteriorly. Front coxae separated by about their own
widths ; middle coxae slightly more distant. Metasternal epi-
sterna moderately wide, about two and one-half times as long
as wide. Hind coxal plates not much dilated internally, the
posterior margin concave and only a little oblique.

Ventral segments 2-4 equal, first conspicuously and fifth
slightly longer, sutures straight, the first fine but distinctly im-
pressed.

Legs moderate, tarsi subequal in length to the tibiae, basal
joint distinctly longer than the second, joints 1-4 lobed beneath;
claws simple.

A. cylindricollis n. sp.

Cylindrical, convex, viridi-aeneous, elytra distinctly cuprascent, clothed
thinly above and beneath with fine whitish pubescence, the hairs inclined
on the elytra, a little longer and erect on the head and prothorax.

Head exactly equal in width to the prothorax, front convex, densely
punctate and with two very small tuberculiform prominences at middle,
between which is a slight impression. Antennae equal in length to the
prothorax and attaining the middle of the latter; joints I and 3 mod-
erately elongate, 2 and 4 shorter, 4 triangular, as long as wide, 5 to n
transverse, their lower edges feebly then rapidly oblique to base.

Prothorax cylindrical, a little wider than long, sides straight and
parallel from base to apex, disk a little more strongly convex antero-
medially, and with a short ante-median impression; surface nearly evenly
punctate, the punctures separated by their own diameters or rather
more, the interstices polished ; hind angles not in the least carinate.
Elytra a little wider than the thorax, parallel to apical third, apex ob-
tusely rounded or subtruncate, surface rather densely punctate and
vaguely finely striate, the punctures of the intervals similar to and much
confused with those of the striae. Beneath rather closely punctate and

70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '17

finely pubescent, the punctures coarser at the middle of the prosternum,
somewhat denser at the sides of the body, the posterior margins of
ventral segments 2 to 5 smooth at middle ; last segment subtruncate at
apex. Length 6.75 mm.; width 2 mm.

Described from a unique example of unknown sex taken by
Mr. J. O. Martin at Palm Springs, California. Type in my col-
lection.

The generic affinities of this rather remarkable species are
not readily determinable by means of the table of tribal divi-
sions as given in the LeConte and Horn Classification. The
form is as slender as in many Agrili and the front may fairly
be said to be contracted by the antennal cavities, yet the gen-
eral facies and most essential characters absolutely forbid this
reference. After a somewhat careful comparative study I am
pretty well convinced that its place is between the group Chal-
cophorae and Buprestes as now limited, and its nearest ally is
perhaps the recently described Nanularia* of Casey, with which
it seems to agree closely in antennal formation, and substan-
tially in several other respects. The mesosternum and meta-
sternum do not appear to be anchylosed between the coxae,
neither is there apparent so distinct a cleft as in Nanularia.
The palpi are unlike those of any of the genera of the Chalco-
phorae or Buprestes and resemble more nearly the form in
Acmaeodera. The punctuation is suggestive of Hippomelas,
though not quite the same. The perfectly parallel-sided thorax
with the merest vestige of a lateral margin at the extreme base
is quite unique among our Buprestidae.

Return of Animal Life to the Katmai District, Alaska.

In the course of studies of the revegetation of the district devastated
by the eruption of Katmai, under the auspices of the National Geo-
graphic Society, some observations have been made on the return of
animal life. The striking thing is that predaceous animals are returning
before the return of herbivorous types. This is true of both mammals
and insects. The area near the volcano was practically devoid of
insect life three years after the eruption (1915), but was fairly swarm-
ing with insects the year following. Most of these were predaceous,
parasitic or coprophilous. The origin of these insects, their breeding
places, and the reason for their sudden appearance are mysteries. They
were ravenously hungry and many were dying from starvation. —
ROBERT F. GRIGGS, Ohio State University (in Program of the Ecological
Society of America, Dec. 27-29, 1916).

*Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. XI, p. 172, 1909.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. /I

A New Catocala Net.

By J. C. HUGUENIN, San Francisco, California.

Collectors of Catocala will undoubtedly be interested in a
new net for their special use. My experience and difficulty in
gathering these moths is, no doubt, shared by others, and I de-
termined on perfecting a net that would obviate many difficul-
ties and preclude the possibility of losing a good specimen.

As all CaYora/a-collectors are aware, many of these moths
repose in crevices in bark quite out of reach of the collector.
With the serrated rubber edge (D in the diagram) the ob-
stacle offered by the breach in the bark, which provided a
refuge for the moth, can be overcome. The flexible teeth of
the net D enter all the uneven surfaces of the bark and a
slight movement of the net is sufficient to cause the moth to
fly. The teeth prevent the moth escaping along the crevices
in the bark. The alternative is flight, and in so doing the moth
enters the cyanide bottle through the paper funnel B where,
owing to the peculiar construction, escape is impossible.

The maker of this net has been able to catch Catocalac with-
out effort at a height of 12 to 14 feet from the ground.

The figure on the following page shows the construction ot
the net so that only a few words are necessary in explanation.

A — cyanide bottle 2.y2 x 5 inches showing the position and
style of paper funnel B.

B — Paper funnel made of light, stiff paper ; the funnel is
glued to the interior of the cyanide bottle at the mouth.

C-— Light wire screen funnel through which the actions of
moth can be observed.

D — Metal net frame, 6 inches in diameter, with serrated edge
made of rubber, one and a half inch wide, teeth cut so that
they will be about one inch long.

E — Light metal (galvanized iron) clasp entirely surround-
ing the bottle to hold the bottle rigidly against the net.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Feb., '17

I-I

Drawings illustrating A New Catocala Net, described on page 71.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 73

New Indian Gall Midges (Diptera).

By E. P. FELT, Albany, New York.

In an endeavor to discover plants in which Pachydiplosis
oryzac Wood-Mason might breed in the absence of paddy
(rice), various grasses bearing deformations similar to those
produced by the above named midge were found on three dif-
ferent grasses by Mr. Y. Ramachandra Rao and a number of
flies bred out and submitted for study through Prof. T. V.
Ramakrishna, Government Entomologist of the Agricultural
College and Research Institute. Several new species obtained
are described below and it is worthy of note that Orscolla
cvnodontis Kieff. & Mass, was reared not only from Cynodon
dactvlon but is also recorded as issuing in association with
Pscudhorinoinvia fluvialis and Lasioptcra fhiitans, both char-
acterized below. In addition, females of another species were
obtained and it is probable that further rearings would result
in the securing of other gall midges.

Lasioptera fluitans n. sp.

The specimens were received from T. V. Ramakrishna, Gov-
ernment Entomologist, Coimbatore, India, under date of
August 4, 1916, accompanied by the statement that they were
reared from galls in Paniciim fluitans along with Pseudhormo-
inyia fluvialis described below. The specimens were labeled
3, XII, '15, South India, Coimbatore, from Panicutn flnitans,
Y. R. Coll.

<?. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen,
sparsely haired, dark brown; 18 segments, the fifth with a length equal
to its diameter, the terminal segment narrowly to broadly oval ; face
with a conspicuous patch of white scales. Palpi yellowish, the first seg-
ment irregularly subquadrate, the second with a length nearly twice its
diameter, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, and
the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum
a shining dark brown. Scutellum dark reddish brown apically, yellowish
basally, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen almost black, with lunate
submedian silvery spots on segments i to 5, the apex of the terminal
segment yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, the third vein
uniting with the yellowish costal spot at the distal third; halteres mostly
pale yellowish orange; coxae and femora basally yellowish orange, the

74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l1/

distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi a nearly uniform dark brown.
Ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen, a thick group of moderately
stout, hooked spines at the base of the slender, sparsely setose, tapering
lobes, the latter with a length nearly three times the width.

$. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae dark brown, sparsely haired, extend-
ing to the base of the abdomen, the fifth with a length one-fourth
greater than its diameter, the terminal segment narrowly oval. Palpi :
first segment subquadrate, the second with a length twice its diameter,
broader, the third a little longer and more slender and the fourth a
little longer and more slender than the third. Colorational characters
wanting; claws moderately stout, strongly curved, unidentate, the pul-
villi as long as the claws. Genitalia : basal clasp segment rather short,
stout ; terminal clasp segment long, swollen basally, subacute apically ;
dorsal plate short, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes
narrowly rounded distally; ventral plate long and tapering to a nar-
rowly rounded apex ; harpes long, stout, tapering apically, with an irreg-
ular quadrate tooth ; style long, slender, narrowly rounded distally.

Type Cecid. a2

Pseudhormomyia fluvialis n. sp.

The midge described below is provisionally referred to this
genus and was received from T. V. Ramakrishna, Government
Entomologist, Coimbatore, India, under date of August 4th.
1916. The species is stated by him to be very abundant locally,
breeding on Panicum fluitans, a common grass in wet land
areas, galls being found both in the terminal and the side
shoots. The specimens were labeled No. i, 29, VII. '16, South
India, Coimbatore, from Panicum fluitans, Y. R. Rao Coll.

$ . Length 3 mm. Antennae one-half longer than the body, rather
thickly haired, yellowish brown; 14 segments, the fifth with the stems
approximately equal, each with a length one-half greater than the
diameter; the basal enlargement subglobose, the distal pyriform and
with a constriction near the middle, each enlargement with a whorl of
long, stout setae, the basal with one and the distal with two circtnnfili,
the loops moderately long and thick ; terminal segment with the basal por-
tion of the stem produced with a length five times its diameter, the
distal enlargement shaped like a truncate cone, the length one-half
greater than its diameter and apically with an equally long, moderately
stout, fusiform appendage. Palpi : first segment subquadrate, the sec-
ond narrowly oval, with a length nearly twice its diameter, the third
twice the length of the second, slender. Mesonotum purplish brown,
the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum and postscutellum

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 75

yellowish brown. Abdomen rather thickly haired, purplish brown,
the genitalia yellowish. Wings hyaline, the third vein uniting with
the margin well beyond the apex; halteres yellowish bas'ally, yellowish
brown apically ; anterior coxae dark brown, the mid and hind coxae
yellowish brown; legs a nearly uniform yellowish brown, the hind
tarsal segments yellowish straw; claws moderately stout, strongly
curved, simple, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia : basal clasp
segment moderately stout and unusually long, the length being nearly
three times the greater diameter and with an obtuse internal lobe near
the basal half ; terminal clasp segment stout, slightly curved and with
a length about thrice its diameter ; dorsal plate nearly divided, the lobes
long and tapering to a narrowly rounded apex; ventral plate long,
broad, constricted near the distal third and broadly rounded apically ;
style long, slender.

2 . Length 3 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely
haired, light brown ; 14 subcylindrical segments, the fifth with a stem
one-fifth the length of the subcylindrical basal enlargement, which
latter has a length five times its diameter, a distinct constriction near
the basal third, whorls of long, stout setae basally and subapically and
short-looped, circumfili near the basal third and apically, the latter con-
nected by a longitudinal filum ; terminal segment reduced, tapering
slightly distally, with a length about four times its diameter and apically
a short, stout, subfusiform appendage. Palpi : first segment broadly
oval, the second a little longer, more slender, and the third more than
twice the length of the second and more slender. Mesonotum dark
reddish brown to dark brown, the submedian lines almost naked. Scu-
tellum and postscutellum yellowish brown, the abdomen sparsely haired,
reddish brown, the segments narrowly margined posteriorly with yel-
lowish brown, the eighth and ninth mostly yellowish brown. Wings
hyaline ; halteres mostly yellowish brown. Coxae yellowish brown,
the legs mostly a chestnut brown ; claws more slender than in the
male. Ovipositor short, stout, the lobes broad, with a length about
twice the diameter and tapering slightly to a narrowly rounded apex.
Other characters practically as in the opposite sex.

Exuviae. Length 5.5 mm., mostly light yellowish brown; antennal
horns long, narrowly conical; antennal cases extending to the base of
the abdomen, the wing cases to the second abdominal segment and the
leg cases of the first, second and third pairs extending to the third,
fourth and fifth abdominal segments, respectively; the dorsum of
each abdominal segment with a transverse, irregular row of stout,
cbitinous, unidentate spines, the anterior ones approximately half the
size of the posterior series.

Type Cecid. aj/77.

76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

Pseudhormomyia cornea n. sp.

The midges provisionally referred to this genus were received
from T. V. Ramakrishna, Government Entomologist. Coim-
batore, India, under date of August 4th, 1916, accompanied by
the statement that they breed in a grass, Ischaemum ciliarc, the
galls being formed mostly in the side shoots, and labeled No.
4, 2, VIII, '16, South India, Coimbatore, from Ischaemum
ciliarc, Y. R. Rao Coll.

$ . Length 2.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely
haired, light brown; -14 segments, the fifth having the stems each with
a length one-half greater than the diameter, the basal enlargement
subglobose, the distal strongly constricted and with a length over
twice its diameter; whorls of moderately stout setae occur upon both
enlargements and on the distal two circumfili, the loops being moder-
ately long, stout, and rather numerous. Palpi : first segment irregular,
subquadrate, the second irregularly oval, the third more than twice
the length of the second, more slender. Mesonotum reddish brown.
Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen yellowish
brown, the genitalia yellowish. Wings hyaline, the third vein uniting
with the margin well beyond the apex ; halteres yellowish. Legs mostly
yellowish brown. Genitalia : basal clasp segment with a length two
and one-half times its diameter and a distinct internal lobe near the
basal half; terminal clasp segment stout, curved and with a length over
twice its diameter ; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly
emarginate, the lobes tapering" mostly internally to a narrowly rounded,
thickly setose apex; ventral plate long, broad, thickly setose: posterior
margin narrowly rounded ; style stout, tapering to a narrowly rounded
apex.

Q . Length 3 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly
haired, yellowish brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-third
the length of the cylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a
length about four times its diameter ; low circumfili occur at the basal
third and apically ; terminal segment with the basal part subcylindric
and having a length four times its diameter; apically there is an irreg-
ular, fusiform appendage about half the length of the basal portion.
Palpi : first segment irregularly quadrate, the second as long as the
first and the third twice the length of the second, slender. Mesonotum
dark reddish, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum and
postscutellum dark yellowish brown. Abdomen rather thickly haired,
pale reddish, the terminal segments and ovipositor mostly yellowish ;
halteres mostly pale straw; coxae and legs mostly dark straw: claws
moderately slender, strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli as long as
the claws. Ovipositor short, moderately stout, the lobes sparsely haired,
narrowly oval and with a length two and one-half times the width.

Type Cecid. a2

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1917.

The Convocation Week Meetings — A Retrospect.

All expected a series of large meetings at New York City
during Convocation week, and expectations were fully realized.
We have no figures showing the number of persons present
at the sessions of the various societies, but elsewhere in this
issue, page 88, we give a list of the titles of papers presented
and some statistics for comparison with those of previous
years. It is always the case that some papers are merely read
by title, but there seems to be no reason to think that a pro-
portionally greater number of authors and speakers were ab-
sent when their names were called at New York than at other
places in previous years. The total number of papers of ento-
mological bearing is 139 as compared with the highest earlier
total of 96 for the Philadelphia meeting of Convocation week,
1914. Floreat Entomologia!

On the social side are to be mentioned the common head-
quarters of the Entomological Society of America and the
American Association of Economic Entomologists at the Hotel
Endicott, enabling many entomologists to meet each other out-
side of the meetings, and conveniently situated for visiting the
collections of the American Museum of Natural History. On
Wednesday evening, December 27, the visiting entomologists
were pleasantly entertained at supper, at the Museum, under
the care of Dr. F. E. Lutz and the Entomological Societies of
New York and Brooklyn. Following came the annual address
of the Entomological Society of America, given in the same
Museum by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell. His excellent
resume on ''Fossil Insects" presented valid reasons why this
field. of entomology should be cultivated to a much greater

77

78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l

degree than has ever yet been the case. This evening closed
with an enjoyable smoker to visiting naturalists at the Aqua-
rium, offered by the New York Zoological Society. There was
the usual dinner of the American Society of Naturalists on
Friday evening, December 29, at which Dr. Raymond Pearl
gave an illuminating presidential address on the present status
of natural selection. The same society held a session on Sat-
urday morning, December 30, at Cold Spring Harbor, Long
Island, and afterwards inspected the Eugenics Record Office
and the Carnegie Station for Experimental Evolution, under
the kind attention and hospitality of Dr. and Mrs. C. B. Da-
venport, Drs. Blaikslie, Harris, Riddle, Banta and their asso-
ciates.

The annual question of arrangement of the meetings of the
Entomological Society and of the Economic Entomologists so
that there shall be no important conflict between the interests
of the two bodies came up again, accentuated by the large in-
crease in papers on the Economic program. Hitherto, the
programs of the two bodies have not overlapped to any great
degree. It does not seem possible to maintain this condition
of affairs any longer and one suggestion (which, we believe,
we received from Dr. W. Riley), that the Section of Horticul-
tural Inspection meet at the same hours as the Entomological
Society, seems to offer a partial and not very objectionable
way of solving the difficulties of conflicting meetings.

Questions and

The NEWS invites those having any entomological questions which they wish
answered to send such in for publication under this heading, and also invites
answers from its readers or others to these questions. Questions and replies
should be as brief as possible and the Editors reserve the right not to publish
any of either class which seem to them objectionable or inappropriate. Those send-
ing in contributions to this department will please indicate whether they wish
their names or merely one or more initials to appear in connection with their
communications, but all such must be accompanied by the full name and address
of the writer for the information of the editors.

QUESTION No. 4. — Can anyone advise me as to where I can have
foreign specimens of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and other orders of in-
sects determined as to specific names? Alost of my material is from
Japan. — HARRY L. JOHNSON, So. Meriden, Conn.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 79

Notes and Ne\vs.

BNTOMOLOQICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

Erebus odora and its Larvae in Iowa (Lep.).

On July 3ist, 1915, a female Erebus odora was found resting on
a screen door a mile and a half east of this town (Nevada, Iowa).
It was rubbed some, but not badly. We have the moth in our collec-
tion.

August I5th, 1916, we took another, a female also, three miles east
of town where we were sugaring for Catocala. It had come to bait
on an elm tree. This one was quite a fresh specimen. It was con-
fined in a paper bag, and deposited over five hundred (500) eggs, whicli
began hatching four days after being laid. The young larvae were
offered leaves of Cassia marilandica, C. cliamaecrista, Honey and
Black locust, A markka cancsccns, A. fruticosa and Kentucky coffee
tree. They refused all but the last named. About two dozen ate leaves
of the coffee tree and lived until past second molt, when they all died.
Perhaps they had gone too long without food before beginning to eat
and were in a weakened condition. It was a great disappointment to
lose them at this stage, for they were a very interesting young family.
They resembled young Catocala larvae greatly.

The egg was small, round and a dull, dirty blue color. Two days
after, they were laid the young larvae showed through the shell, and
two days later they hatched. When newly hatched the larvae were
over a quarter of an inch long, very slender, and as lively as Cato~
cala ilia larvae, which they resembled very much. Body color brown,
with four tubercles to each segment. These tubercles were black and
large, almost obscuring the body color and making the larvae look
quite black. Head was large and black. Six days later they passed
first molt, were light brown, and from each tubercle extended a long,
fine, dark hair. The underside was light and had the dark spots
characteristic of all Catocala larvae. A week later they molted the
second time, and were about three-quarters of an inch long. Body
color the same, with fine, dark, wavy longitudinal lines. The fine
hairs which sprung from each tubercle were three-eighths of an inch
long and were stiff enough to stand erect. Over the eighth abdominal
segment the two dorsal tubercles were very pronounced. Head black
and underside almost white, with large black spots. One day after
passing second molt they all died.

Since taking the moth two years in succession, two weeks apart, in
practically the same neighborhood, and securing fertile ova from one.
we wonder — Are they breeding here? — O. F. and J. S. HISER, Nevada,
Iowa.

80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

Advances in Knowledge of Fossil Insects.

Our knowledge of the occurrence and distribution of insects in
previous ages of the earth's history has been notably increased by a
recent paper by Mr. R. J. Tillyard, Science Research Scholar in the
University of Sydney, on "Mesozoic and Tertiary Insects of Queens-
land and New South Wales." (Queensland Ceol. Surv. Publ. No. 253,
Brisbane, 1916.) It deals with material collected during a number of
years at Denmark Hill at Ipswich, Goodna near Ipswich, and St.
Peter's, near Sydney, all in New South Wales and at Duaringa,
Queensland. The Denmark Hill beds are referred to the Triassic, the
St. Peter's claypits to the Jurassic, the Duaringa and Goodna deposits
are of tertiary age, according to an account of the stratigraphical
features by Mr. B. Dunstan, Chief Government Geologist, preceding
Mr. Tillyard's descriptions.

The Denmark Hill beds, which have been known since 1890 to con-
tain fossil insects, have yielded the most interesting of the specimens
discussed in this memoir. They represent eight orders (Blattoidea,
Protorthoptera, Coleoptera, Odonata, Mecoptera, Lepidoptera, Proto-
hemiptera, Hemiptera), thirteen genera and twenty-two species, of
which ten genera and seventeen species are new. The chief general re-
sults are thus stated by Mr. Tillyard :

"i. Certain insect types characteristic of the late Palaeozoic in the
Northern Hemisphere, and not found in the Mesozoic, are now shown
to have had fairly close relatives in the Trias of Australia. Such types
include Austromylacritcs [Blattoidea], Mesorthoptcron and Mesoman-
tidion [both Protorthoptera].

2. The first known appearance of a true dragon fly [Mcsofihlcbia, n.
gen.], with nodus and pterostigma, can now be assigned to the Trias,
instead of the Lias. It was probably an Anisopterid.

3. A Panorpid (Mecoptera — \Mcsochorista n. gen.]) scarcely dif-
fering from a form [Tacniochorista] still alive in Southern Queens-
land, existed in the Australian Trias. This group has already been
recorded from the Lias in the Northern Hemisphere.

4. A Lepidopterous insect, a fairly large moth [Dunstania n. gen.]
is present in the Australian Trias. As the Lepidoptera have not until
now been traced back beyond the upper Jurassic, this discovery is of
great importance. Also, as this insect existed in a period long before
that generally agreed upon when flowering plants first appeared

(Lower Cretaceous), it is an interesting question as to what it fed
upon and what its mouth parts were like. [A list of the fossil flora as-
sociated with the remains of the insects at Denmark Llill is given by
Mr. Dunstan, p. 6, and consists of 13 species of ferns, 2 of cycads,
I of Equisetales and 5 of conifers.]

5. A true Hemipterid (allied to the recent Jassidae) existed side by
side with a large insect probably related to Huucrcon, and hence ref-
erable to the Protohemiptera. Jassidae are known from the Lias of

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 8l

the Northern Hemisphere, hut the Protohemiptera did not survive be-
yond the Permian.

6. The large gap in the Insect Record (Trias) is at last in pro-
cess of being satisfactorily bridged over."

The dragonfly, Afcsofihlcbia antinodalis n. sp., is represented by a
fragment, 21.5 mm. long, n mm. in greatest breadth, "of the greater
portion of the distal half of the wing from a point on the radius about
six cells proximad from the nodus, to a point just short of the wing-
tip." Two of its most striking peculiarities are the "very great breadth
of the wing in proportion to its length, and the close approximation
[12 mm.] of the nodus to the pterostigma."

The moth, Dunstania pulchra n. sp., is described from an "almost
perfect specimen of a left hind wing," 20 mm. long, with a greatest
breadth of 11.5 mm. A footnote informs us of the subsequent discov-
ery "of the narrower and more elongated forewing of this same spe-
cies." The formation of the cells of the hind wing "appears to differ
in very important points from anything known in the Lepidoptera to-
day."

"The most striking point about the collection from St. Peter's is the
occurrence of the gigantic Mcsotitan [Protorthoptera. n. gen.l, a form,
which certainly links up the insect fauna of this locality with that of
Commentry. Although the Giant Age of Insects ceased in the Per-
mian as far as the Northern Hemisphere was concerned, yet at St.
Peter's we have direct evidence that some at least of these forms lin-
gered on far into the Mesozoic in Australia, existing side by side with
far more highly specialized Coleoptera, and closely allied to present-
day forms. The cockroach, Notoblattitcs, may also be classed as a
representative of a very archaic group of Blattoidea, which attained
their maximum development in the Northern Hemisphere, near the
end of the Palaeozoic Age."

Of Mcsotitan giganteus, "the preserved portion of the insect meas-
ures 125 mm. long by 146 mm. wide, and appears to represent only a
small basal portion of the wings. The forewing when completed was
probably at least eight or nine inches long and three wide at its
broadest part. If this estimate is correct, this huge insect must have
had an expanse of about twenty inches." The description and the
figure are disappointing on account of the fragmentary character of
the remains and we would prefer to reserve our opinion as to the size
and character of this fossil until more complete specimens are at hand.

Collecting Insects by the aid of Molasses Traps (Col.).

My attention was first called to this manner of collecting some four
years ago, by overhearing some one remark that certain parties had
collected a large number of beetles of the genus Cychrus in the moun-
tains of North Carolina by using molasses traps. I made my first
attempt with fly-traps, in which I placed a small tray of molasses;
later on, I tried half-pint milk bottles, but had little success with either.

82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

This year I used jelly glasses, and my efforts were crowned with suc-
cess. The glasses were sunk in the earth with the tops level with
the ground. About two inches above the glass a flat stone or piece
of board was placed to keep out the rain. In each glass I placed about
an inch of molasses. The dark New Orleans molasses seems to be
the best to bait the traps with. In removing the insects from the
traps I used a rather stiff, flat brush about a half-inch in width, with
which I transferred the insects to a wide mouth bottle of alcohol. In
the thirty-eight years that I have been collecting, I have turned over
thousands of stones and logs, and raked over a few hay-wagon loads
of dead leaves, and have only found eight specimens of Carabus scr-
ratus, while my four traps in four weeks caught forty-six specimens.
This is not an exceptional case, as in the same time I removed as many
specimens of Cychrus stenostomus and Dicaclus dilatatus from the
traps as I have found in twenty years. The Cychrus and Carabus
have no membranous wings, so, not being able to fly, we seldom find
them around the electric lights; but they manage to walk, crawl or
stumble into the molasses traps.

Carabidae are the principal beetles attracted, but quite a number of
beetles belonging to other families will be found in the traps, as well
as many insects belonging to orders other than Coleoptera. In all
the articles published on "Directions for Collecting and Preserving
Insects" that I have consulted, little or nothing is mentioned about this
way of collecting. — -PHILIP LAURENT, Philadelphia, Pa.

Some Synonymy in the Hesperidae (Lep.).

Nearly twenty-four years ago I described a Pamphila in the Strecker
".ollection and called it streckeri in honor of the owner of the specimen.
I was told it was taken in Florida and had no reason at that time for
doubting the correctness of the statement. As the species has not been
found in Florida since, there is good reason for doubting the locality
given for the type of streckeri, although it is not impossible that it may
be found in that State. In the winter of 1914 I paid a visit to my
friend Mr. Charles T. Ramsden, who lived on the San Carlos planta-
tion near Guantanamo, Oriente, Cuba. While collecting a few miles from
San Carlos I took two specimens of a Pamphila which reminded me of
streckeri although I had not seen the latter for so many years. The
two specimens were taken February nth. I sent a specimen of the
Cuban species to Mr. W. J. Gerhard at the Field Museum, Chicago, to
be compared with the type of streckeri, and he reported them to be the
same. Also the description of streckeri agrees perfectly with the Cuban
specimens.

The species was originally described under the name radians in 1857
and the synonymy is as follows —

1857. Hesperia radians Luc., Sagra, Hist. Cuba, p. <>50.

1881. Pamphila radians Gundl., Cont. Entom. Cubana, p. 151.

1893. Pamphila streckeri Skinner, Ent. News, p. 211.

We will know some day whether radians is found in Florida or con-
fined to the West Indies.

HENRY SKINNER.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 83

The Rate of Locomotion of Vanessa antiopa (Lep.) in different

luminous intensities and its bearing on the "continuous

action theory" of orientation.

If orientation in light is dependent upon the stimulation of both
retinas by equal amounts of light energy, as is held by Loeb and his
"continuous action theory," butterflies should move more rapidly in
bright light than in weak. To test this the rate of movement of ten
specimens of Vanessa antiopa in each of two lights, one about 2000
times stronger than the other, was ascertained. They did not move
faster in the bright light than in the weak, hut, on the contrary, 70 per
cent, of the insects actually moved more rapidly in the weak light than
they did in the strong. These results support those presented previously,
which indicated that the orientation of Vanessa in light cannot be ac-
counted for on the basis of Loeb's theory. Moreover, some positive
evidence has been obtained in favor of the theory that orientation is
dependent upon the time rate of the change of intensity, since the
results of some experiments seem to indicate that Vanessa moves faster
in intermittent than in continuous light. — W. L. DOLLEY, JR., Randolph-
Macon College (in Abstracts of Proceedings, Amer. Soc. Zool., Dec.
27-29, 1916).

Kntomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico are given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 11 — Annals and Magazine of
Natural History, London. 50— Proceedings, U. S. National Mu-
seum. 51 — Novitates Zoologicae, Tring, England. 68 — Science,
New York. 87 — Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris.
92 — Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. 153 — Bulle-
tin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. 179 — Jour-
nal of Economic Entomology. 189 — Journal of Entomology and

84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 194 — Genera Insectorum. Diriges par
P. Wytsman, Bruxelles. 322 — Journal of Morphology, Philadel-
phia. 369 — Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 373—
Contributions to the Natural History of the Lepidoptera of North
America, by Wm. Barnes & J. H. McDunnough, Decatur, 111. 402
—University of California Publications in Zoology, Berkeley, Cal.
411 — Bulletin, The Brooklyn Entomological Society. 520 — Proceed-
ings, British Columbia Entomological Society, Victoria. 541 —
Archives Neerlandaises des Sciences exactes et Naturelles, La Haye.
542 — Proceedings, New England Zoological Club, Cambridge, Mass.
GENERAL SUBJECT. Cook, A. S.— Obituary note by D. I,.
Crawford, 189, viii, 169-70. Hamilton, J. A. — Entomology in the
public school, 520, No. 9, 60-2. Holloway, T. E.— Moving lights
versus stationary lights in phototropism experiments, 179, ix, 570-1.
Melander, A. L. — The pronunciation of insect names, 411, xi, 93-
101. Petrunkevitch, A. — Morphology of invertebrate types, 263 pp.,
ill. (New York, The Macmillan Co., 1916).

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Baumberger & Glaser

-The rearing of Drosophila ampelophila in solid media, 68, xlv,
21-22. Payne, F. — A study of the germ cells of Gryllotalpa borealis
and G. vulgaris, 322, xxviii, 287-327. Reeves, E. M. — The inheri-
tance of extra bristles in Drosophila melanogaster, 402, xiii, 495-
515. Williams, F. X. — Photogenic organs and embryology of
lampyrids, 322, xxviii, 145-208.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Cockle, J. W.— Notes on the wood-tick
(Dermacentor venustus), 520, No. 9, 53-7. Moles, M. L. — The
growth and color patterns in spiders, 189, viii, 129-57.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Walker, E. M.— The nymphs of the
N. Am. species of Leucorrhinia, 4, 1916, 414-22.

ORTHOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.— Locustidae, subf. Saginae;
subf. Hetrodinae; subf. Mecopodinae, 194, Fasc. 167, 10 pp.; Fasc.
168, 13 pp.; Fasc. 171, 31 pp. Bolivar, I. — Acridiidae, Pamphaginae,
194, Fasc. 170, 40 pp.

HEMIPTERA. Swellengrebel, N. H.— Quelques remarques sur
la facon de combattre le pou des vetements, 541, iii, 1-31.

Hollinger, A. H. — The shell-bark hickory mealy-bug (Pseudo-
coccus Jessica [l n. sp.], 4, 1916, 411-13.

LEPIDOPTERA. Barnes & McDunnough— Notes on Walker's
types of Geometridae in the D'Urban collection; Synonymic notes
on No. Am. Heterocera, 373, iii, 35-48; 157-200. Clark, B. P.—
New American Sphingidae, 542, vi, 39-50. Jordan & Eltringham—

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 85

Rhopalocera, Fam. Nymphalidae, Subf. Acraeinae, 194, Fasc. 169,
81 pp. Mabille & Boullet — Descriptions d'Hesperides nouveaux,
87, 1916, 243-7. Meyrick, E. — Heterocera. Fam. Glyphipterygidae;
Fam. Heliodinidae, 194, Fasc. 164, 39 pp.; Fasc. 165, 29 pp. Roth-
schild, L. — Notes on Amathusiidae, Brassolidae, Morphidae, etc.,
with descriptions of n. sps., 51, xxiii, 299-318. Stichel, H. — Beitrage
zur kenntnis der Riodiniden fauna Sudamerikas, 1, 92, xii, 238-44.
Watson, J. R. — Life history of Anticarsia gemmatilis, 179, ix, 521-28.

Barnes & McDunnough — New species of N. American L. [1 n.
gen., many n. sps.]; Notes on No. Am. diurnal L. [l n. sp.], 373,

iii, 1-34; 53-152. Grossbeck, J. A. — Insects of Florida. IV, Lepidop-
tera [many new], 153, xxxvii, 1-147.

DIPTERA. Dove, W. E. — Some notes concerning overwintering
of Musca domestica at Dallas, Texas, 179, ix, 528-38. Hendel, F.—
Beitrage zur systematik der Acalyptraten Musciden, 369, v, 294-99.

Malloch, J. R. — A key to the males of the anthomyid genus Hy-
drotaea recorded from N. Am. [l n. sp.], 411, xi, 108-10.

COLEOPTERA. Benick, L.— Beitrag zur kenntnis der Megalo-
pinen und Steninen, 369, v, 238-52. Borchmann, F. — Die gattung
Colparthrum, 369, v, 228-37. Lameere, A. — Trois Prioninae nou-
veaux, 87, 1916, 233-5. Marshall, G. A. K.— On new neotropical
Curculionidae, 11, xviii, 449-69. d'Orchymont, A. — De la place que
doivent occuper dans la classification les sous-families des Sphaeri-
diinae et des Hydrophilinae, 87, 1916, 235-40. Verhoeff, K. W.—
Studien ueber die organisation der Staphylinoidea, 92, xii, 245-9
(cont.).

Pierce, W. D. — Studies of weevils (Rhynchophora) with descrip-
tions of n. gen. & n. sps. [l n. gen.; 1 n. sp.], 50, li, 461-473. Shaef-
fer, C. — Two n. sps. of Cebrio, 411, xi, 107-8.

HYMENOPTERA. Bequaert, J.— On the occurrence of Vespa
austriaca in the northeastern U. S., 411, xi, 101-7. Nininger, H. H.
—Studies in the life histories of two carpenter bees of California,
. with notes on certain parasites, 189, viii, 158-68. Smith, H. S. —
The habits of leaf-oviposition among the parasitic H., 68, xliv,
925-6. Wheeler, W. M.— An Indian ant introduced into the U. S.
(Triglypothrix striatidens), 179, ix, 566-9. Wolff, M.— Ueber die
chalcidiergattung Chrysocharis, 369, v, 258-82.

Girault, A. A. — The N. A. sps. of Dibrachys with a note on
Uriella; The occurrence of Neoderostenus in N. Am. [in. sp.]:
An. gen. of omphaline Eulaphid chalcis-flies from Maryland ll n.
g., 1 n. sp.], 4, 1916, 408-9; 409; 410. New sps. of parasitic II. [6
new], 411, xi, 111-3.

86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l/

OPENING UP A NEW FIELD.

The Thomas Say Foundation of the Entomological Society of Amer-
ica has certainly introduced a worthy and valuable addition to entomo-
logical literature, namely, a revision entitled SARCOPHAGA AND ALLIES IN
NORTH AMERICA, by J. M. ALDRICH. This work, appearing in octavo
size, containing 302 pages and 16 plates, treats especially of the North
American and also of some South American species of the Muscoid
family Sarcophagidae sens, strict., containing the large genus Sarco-
phaga. The American species of this dipterous family have been a taboo
to all students, mainly on account of the numerous unrecognizable de-
color and characters of its species,
scriptions, of the scattered location of types, and of the similarity of

The present paper is a preliminary revision of the North American
species. The family as limited here may be characterized as follows :
Eyes bare; proboscis stout, short; palpi distinct; parafacials with orbital
setulae ; arista plumose both sides on at least basal half. Scutellum
with at most one pair of discal macrochaetae. Abdomen generally gray
or silvery and tessellated ; the segments without discal macrochaetae.
Fourth vein of wing subangularly bent and ending in the costa distinctly
before apex.

This throws out some species that may very properly be placed in
other allied families, or may have to be included when the limits of
the family are more thoroughly understood. The author has been very
consistent in the recognition of genera. Those not distinguishable in
both sexes are not recognized as valid but are suggested as possible
subgenera, although not treated as such in the present work. As the
author says in his introduction : "A survey of the present status of the
Muscoid Diptera indicates unmistakably that our present great need is
not more genera, but a more complete knowledge of species. . . .
One of the main objects of the present work is to make the identification
of species as simple and certain as possible. . . . This object would
inevitably be defeated by the erection of a considerable number of
indistinctly separated genera." Let us hope that this family will not
be invaded by the mathematical taxonomist with his generic formulae.

Of the sixteen genera included and treated, eight are new. Among
these 145 species and varieties are distributed, of which 125 are placed
in the genus Sarcophaga, and 101 of these are described as new. A
few European species are recognized and the status of some previously
described American species have been established. A case of the latter,
Sarcophaga sarraccniae Riley, illustrates the value of establishing a
single type for a species. The species are based primarily on the male
sex, which offers very definite characters in the genitalia, but in most
cases, however, the other sex is recognized where possible in the de-
scriptions, and possesses many of the characters of the male which
can be used as guides to the determination. It is unfortunate that the
females are not so readily determined, but after the species have been

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 87

definitely determined by the males, the other sex can be more intelli-
gently studied and that will no doubt result in the discovery of some
satisfactory characters of differentiation. The species of Sarcophaga
are for convenience divided into eight groups which are fairly well
defined. A table of species is given which is very practical, simple and
explicit. Considering the obscurity in which the species of this family
have been existing, the ease with which the species can be run out,
even within at least two or three without considering the genitalia, seems
almost incredible.

Another commendable feature is the consecutive numbering of all
the species treated and giving the same number to all figures relating
to each respective species. Although this adds some confusion to the
sequence of the numbers appearing on the plates in the cases of the
species not figured, this disadvantage is trivial in comparison to the
convenience it gives in working with the paper.

As to adverse criticism, I do not care to enter this phase of the
subject at this time. The excellency of the work in its usefulness will
far outweigh its defects. I must say, however, that I do not approve
of the typography of the paper. There is too much monotony in the
style of composition as one turns over page after page. With a few
exceptions there are no catchy divisions between the description, notes
and habitat data. The method of citing habitat data might certainly be
improved. The use of the parentheses is not consistent. Sometimes
they may include the name of the collector or, again, may include the
name of the town of a State. In working over the tables I noticed what
is evidently a slip of the pen, on page 67. Table of species of Group A,
I, should read: Middle femur with . . . (not Middle tibia with
. . ). The use of the term bristle is sometimes misleading. On
the face the hairs may be described as bristles while in another species
those of the same size and stoutness may be described as hairs. The
same will apply in some cases to the hypopygium.

In conclusion I wish to express my appreciation of the work as a
whole, and I trust the author will continue to give us this kind of
work, which is certainly needed in other groups of the Diptera. — E. T.
C, JR.

[The above mentioned publication may be secured by addressing Dr.
H. D. Ball, Capitol Bldg., Madison, Wisconsin. Price, $3.00].

Doings of Societies.

Entomology at the Convocation Week Meetings.
Following our custom for the preceding three years, we present
below a list of the papers having any bearing on entomology entered on
the programs of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science and of the affiliated societies which met in Xew York City,
December 26 to 30, 1916. Our reason for quoting these titles is to make

88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., ' IJ

known those entomological subjects on which students throughout
the country are engaged. We have therefore classified them under
one or more headings, the cross-references enabling the interested read-
er to learn of work done either from the taxonomic or the biological
side. Most of these papers will, doubtless, be published and, when
they appear, will be registered in our monthly summary of Entomologi-
cal Literature. As publication of many of them will probably not oc-
cur for some months, the present list is justifiable as giving advance
information to those who have not access to the programs on which
it is based.

In this connection, however, we would call attention to the printed
abstracts of the papers presented to the American Society of Zoolo-
gists (97 pages), and the American Association of Anatomists (147
pages), published by the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology,
Philadelphia, and sent before the meeting to the members of these
societies, and also the abstracts contained in the program of the Eco-
logical Society of America, also mailed before the meetings began.
These three give often fairly full summaries of the contents of papers,
although they include a relatively small proportion of the entomological
papers of the week.

In the following list unmarked papers are from the program of
the American Association of Economic En.tomologists, those starred
(*) from that of the Entomological Society of America; others are
designated by the names, or abbreviations of the names, of the re-
spective societies to which they were offered. The total number here
listed is 139, of which 70 are from the program of the Economic En-
tomologists (including 6 from the section of Horticultural Inspectors
and 6 from that of Apiary Inspection), 26 from the Entomological
Society, 17 from the Zoologists, 14 from the Ecological Society, 5 from
Section F (Zoology), A. A. A. S., 3 from the American Society of
Naturalists, 2 from other sections A. A. A. S.. I from the Anatomists,
and I from the Physiological Society. The total is far in excess of
any previous one, the figures as reported in the NEWS for February
and March, 1916, pages 91, 143, being 85 (Cleveland, 1912), 74 (At-
lanta, 1913), 96 (Philadelphia, 1914), and 93 (Columbus, 1915).

GENERAL SUBJECTS.— ERNEST WILLIAM BROWN, The Relations-
of Mathematics to the Natural Sciences. (Sect. A, A. A. A. S.)— H.
F. OSBORN, Application of the Laws of Action. Reaction and Inter-
action in Life Evolution. (Naturalists.) — T. D. A. COCKERELL, Fossil In-
sects* (Annual address of the Ent. Soc. Amer.) ; Entomology in the
National Museum*. — STEPHEN A. FORBES. University of Illinois. The
Relations of Ecology and Economic Entomology. (Ecol. Soc. Amer.)
— C. GORDON HEWITT, Ottawa, Canada. Annual address : Insect Be-
havior as a Factor in Applied Entomology. — E. H. SELLARDS ET AL.,
Physical History of following States (Fla., Ga., 111., la., Md., N. J., N.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 89

C., N. Da., O., Okl., 3. Da., Tenn., Tex., Ver., Va., Wis.) (Sect. E, A.
A. A. S.)

METHODS.— C. W. COLLINS, Melrose Highlands, Mass., Methods
Used in Determining Wind Dispersion of the Gypsy Moth and Some
Other Insects. — S. S. GROSSMAN, Melrose Highlands, Mass., Some
Methods of Colonizing Imported Parasites and Determining Their In-
crease and Spread. — W. H. GOODWIN, An Improved Pin Tray.* — J. W.
McCoi.LOCH, Manhattan, Kansas, A Method for the Study of the Life-
histories of Underground Insects. — Z. P. METCALF, Entomological
Charts.* — B. H. WALDEN, New Haven, Conn., Simple Apparatus for
Insect Photography.

MORPHOLOGY.— ADELBERT L. LEATHERS (Olivet College), Section
F — Some Homologies in the Epipharynx and Hypopharynx of the
Nematocerous Diptera. — A. PETERSON and A. D. MAcGiLLiVRAY, Some
Modifications in the Legs of Insects.* — WILLIAM COLCORD WOODS, The
Malpighian Vessels of the Alder Flea-beetle.*

EMBRYOLOGY, ETC.— J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, Life Histories and
Habits of Gerridae.* — ULRICH DAHLGREN (Princeton University), In-
vestigations of the Light Organs of Arthropods. (Zoologists.) — B. H.
GRAVE (Knox College), Life History of Zcugophora scutillaris. (Zool-
ogists.)— J. A. HYSLOP, The Phyletic Value of Ontogenetic Charac-
ters in the Elateridae.* — WILLIAM PATTEN, Dartmouth College, The
Notochord of an East Indian Scorpion. (Anatomists.) — MAX P.
ZAPPE, New Haven, Conn., Egg-Laying Habits of Diprion simile Mar-
tig-

CYTOLOGY.— W. L. BAUMGARTNER (University of Kansas), The
Chromosome Complex in Apithes agitator* (Zoologists.) — C. B.
BRIDGES, Deficiencies in the Genetic Materials of the Chromosomes of
Drosophila. (Naturalists.)- — E. ELEANOR CAROTHERS (University o£
Pennsylvania), The Segregation and Recombination of Homologous
Chromosomes in Two Genera of Acrididae (Orthoptera). (Section
F.) — CAROLINE M. HOLT (University of Pennsylvania), Multiple Com-
plexes in the Alimentary Canal of Culc.r pipicus. (Section F.) — C. E.
McCLUNG (University of Pennsylvania), Multiple Chromosomes of
Hespcrotettix and Mermiria. (Zoologists.) — D. H. WENRICH (Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania), Synapsis and Chromosome Organization in the
Male Germ Cells of Chorthippus and Trlmerotropis. (Section F.) — P.
W. WHITING (University of Pennsylvania), The Spermatogenesis of
Culcx pipicns, L. (Section F.)

GENETICS (all at the Zoologists.)— CALVIN W. BRIDGES (Columbia
University), The Elimination of Males in Alternate Generations of
Sex-Controlled Lines. — ROSCOE R. HYDE (Indiana State Normal
School), Effect on Fertility of Crossing Closely and Distantly Relat-
ed Stocks of Drosophila ampclophila. — CHAS. W. METZ (Carnegie In-
stitution of Washington), Linkage in the Sex-Chromosome of a New

90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., '17

Species of Drosophila. — THOMAS HUNT MORGAN (Columbia Univer-
sity), An Examination of the So-Called Process of Contamination of
Genes.— ROBERT K. NABOURS (Kansas State Agricultural College), Two
Classes of Factors for Color Patterns in Paratctti.v. — ALFRED H.
STURTEVANT (Columbia University), An Analysis of the Effect of Se-
lection on Bristle Number in a Mutant Race of Drosophila. — ALEX-
ANDER WEINSTEIN (Columbia University), Coincidence of Crossing
Over and the Chromosome Theory of Linkage.

PHYSIOLOGY.— J. P. BAUMBERGER, The Food of Drosophila*—
WM. L. DOLLEY, JR. (Randolph-Macon College), The Rate of Loco-
motion of Vanessa antiopa in Different Luminous Intensities and Its
Bearing on the Continuous Action Theory of Orientation (Zoologists).
— S. I. KORNHAUSER (Northwestern University), Further Studies on
Changes in Thclia bimaculata Brought about by Insect Parasites
(Zoologists). — N. E. MclNooo (Bureau of Entomology), Recognition
Among Insects (Zoologists). — S. MERGULIS, The Hydrolytic Products
of Chitin (Physiological Society). — BRADLEY M. PATTEN, Western
Reserve University, Reaction of the Whip-Tail Scorpion to Light
(Zoologists). — C. H. RICHARDSON, New York City, The Response of
the House-fly to Certain Foods and their Fermentation Products. —
V. E. SHELFORD, University of Illinois, Physiological Problems in the
Life-histories of Animals with particular reference to Seasonal Ap-
pearance; illustrated by Seasonal Succession of Spiders on a small
plot (Ecol. Soc.). — A. FRANKLIN SHULL, Parthenogenesis and Sex in
Anthothrips (Naturalists). — See also under General Subjects: Hewitt.

ECOLOGY. — CHARLES C. ADAMS, Syracuse University, An Ecologi-
cal Survey of Oneida Lake, New York (Ecol. Soc.). — DR. J. BEC-
QUAERT, Recent Observations and Theories concerning the Origin of
Social Habits among Vespidae.* — M. W. BLACKMAN and H. H. STAGE,
Ithaca, N. Y., On the Succession of Insects in Dying, Dead and De-
caying Hickory. — FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS, University of Minnesota,
The Development and Structure of Biotic Communities (Ecol. Soc.).—
ALFRED E. CAMERON, Dominion Entomological Service, Relation of
Soil Insects to Climatic Conditions (Ecol. Soc.). — E. P.- FELT, Dis-
tribution of Gall Midges.* — HENRY Fox, Bureau of Entomology, Dis-
tribution of Grasshoppers in relation to the Plant Formations of Tidal
Marshes (Ecol. Soc.). — A. I. GOOD, Insect Collecting in Cameroon,
West Africa.* — H. A. GOSSARD, Distribution of the Ohio Brood of
Periodical Cicada with Reference to Soil.* — ROBERT F. GRIGGS, Ohio
State University, Notes on the Return of Animal Life to the Katmai
District, Alaska (Ecol. Soc.). — CLYDE C. HAMILTON, Cornell Univer-
sity, The Importance of Soil Temperatures to Insects, as indicated by
their behavior (Ecol. Soc.). — THOMAS J. HEADLEE, New Brunswick,
N. J., Some Facts Relative to the Influence of Atmospheric Humidity
on Insect Metabolism. — A. D. HOPKINS, Latitude, Longitude and

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 9 1

Altitude as Factors Affecting Insect Life (Ecol. Soc.). — MINNA E.
JEWELL, University of Illinois, The Survival of Certain Aquatic Ani-
mals in the Absence of Oxygen under different conditions of Acidity
and Alkalinity (Ecol. Soc.). — W. H. LONGLEY (Goucher College), A
Revised Working Hypothesis of Mimicry (Zoologists). — J. W. Mc-
CULLOCH, Manhattan, Kansas, Wind as a Factor in the Dispersion of
the Hessian Fly. — HERBERT OSBORN, Ohio State University, Association
and Succession in the Meadow Complex with special reference to
Insects (Ecol. Soc.); Biological Notes on Miris dolobrata* — W. D.
PIERCE, Climate as Related to the Growth of Insects (Ecol. Soc.).—
V. E. SHELFORD, Evaporation as a Climatic Factor affecting Animals
(Ecol. Soc.). — GEORGE N. WOLCOTT, University of Illinois, The Influ-
ence of Rainfall and some other factors on the Abundance of the
Sugar Cane Moth Stalk Borer (Diatraca saccharalis} (Ecol. Soc.).—
See also under General Subjects : Forbes ; under Methods : Collins.

INSECTS INJURIOUS TO PLANTS.— GEORGE G. AINSLIE, Knox-
ville, Tenn., Crambid Moths and Light. — E. D. BALL, Madison, Wis.,
Economy and Efficiency in Grasshopper Destruction. — GEO. C. BECKER,
Fayetteville, Ark., Notes on the Peach-Tree Borer, S. cxitiosa; On
the Control of Sapcrda Candida. — M. W. BLACKMAN, Syracuse, N. Y.,
Notes on Insects Bred from Dying and Dead Larch. — A. F. BURGESS,
Melrose Highlands, Mass., and C. C. MCDONNELL, Washington, D. C.,
A New Tree-Banding Material for the Control of the Gipsy Moth.—
A. C. BURRILL, Insects of the Year in Idaho. — R. A. COOLEY, Bozeman,
Mont., The Sugar Beet Silphid (Silfha bitubcrosa Lee.). — C. R.
CROSBY and MORTIMER D. LEONARD, Ithaca, N. Y., The Farm Bureau
as an Agency for Demonstrating the Control of Injurious Insects. —
IRVING W. DAVIS, New Haven, Conn., Present Status of the Gipsy
and Browntail Moths in Connecticut. — JOHN J. DAVIS, West Lafayette,
Ind., A Chemical Feeding Analysis of White Grubs and May-beetles
and its Economic Application. — GEO. A. DEAN, Manhattan, Kansas,
Results of Ten Years of Experimental Wheat Sowing to Escape the
Hessian Fly. — E. P. FELT, Albany, N. Y"., Side Injury and Codling
Moth Control. — W. F. FISKE, South Hanson, Mass., Insects Injurious
to Vegetation ; Some Factors in the Natural Control of Insects. —
HENRY Fox, Clarksville, Tenn., Summary of Investigation of Llgynis
rngiccps in Virginia. — P. A. GLENN, Urbana, 111., Ash Seed Weevils;
A New Oyster Shell Scale. (An oyster shell scale very destructive to
certain ornamental shrubs and shade trees, heretofore classified as
Lcpidosaphcs ulmi, is a distinct species.) — HUGH GLASGOW, Geneva,
N. Y., The Sinuate Pear-Borer in New York. — L. HASEMAN, Colum-
bia, Missouri, Hessian Fly Investigations. — WM. P. HAYES, Manhat-
tan, Kansas, Studies on the Life-history of Uyyrus gibbosus DeG.—
T. J. HEADLEE, New Brunswick, N. J., A Further Test of the Effi-
ciency of Sulphur-arsenical Dust in the Control of the Strawberry

Q2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb., 'l?

Weevil. — L. O. HOWARD, Washington, D. C., An Appreciation of T.
W. Harris. — E. O. G. KELLY, Wellington, Kansas, The Toxoptera
Outbreak in 1916. — QUINCY S. LOWRY, New Haven, Conn., An Out-
break of the Eight-Spotted Forester, Alypia octomaculata Fab., in New
Haven, Conn. — SIMON MARCOVITCH, St. Paul, Minn., The Strawberry
Weevil in Minnesota. — JOSEPH H. MERRILL, Manhattan, Kansas, Further
Data on the Relation between Aphids and Fire Blight, Bacillus amylo-
i"orus (Bur.) Trev. — Z. P. METCALF, West Raleigh, N. C., Lime as an
Insecticide. — WALTER C. O'KANE, Durham, N. H., Some Facts about
Carbon Bisulphide. — HERBERT OSBORN, Columbus, Ohio, The Economic
Importance and Control of Miris dolabrata. — T. H. PARKS, Manhat-
tan, Kansas, A Country-wide Survey to Determine the Effect of Time
of Seeding and Presence of Volunteer Wheat upon the Extent of
Damage by the Hessian Fly. — PERCIVAL J. PARROTT, Geneva. N. Y.,
The Radish Maggot and Screening. — -W. J. PHILLIPS, Charlottesville,
Va., Report on Isosotna Investigations. — GEORGE I. REEVES, Salt Lake
City, Utah, The Alfalfa Weevil.— V. I. SAFRO, Louisville, Ky., Miscel-
laneous Notes on Nicotine Insecticides. — E. R. SASSCER, Washington,
D. C., Recent Vacuum Fumigation Results ; Important Foreign Insect
Pests Collected on Imported Nursery Stock in 1916 (Hortic. Insp.
Sect. Econ. Ent.). — W. J. SCIIOENE, Blacksburg, Va., The Weakness
of our Present Svstem of Inspection of Foreign Shipments (Hortic.
Insp. vSect. Econ. Ent.). — HARRY B. SHAW, in charge of New York
Port Inspection, Activities of the Federal Horticultural Board at the
Port of New York (Hortic. Insp. Sect. Econ. Ent.) — HARRY S. SMITH,
Sacramento, Cal., On the Life-history and Successful Introduction
into the United States of the Sicilian Mealybug Parasite. — THOMAS J.
TALBERT, Columbia, Missouri, The 1916 Hessian Fly Campaign in
Missouri. — F. L. WASHBURN, Minneapolis, Minn., The State Ento-
mologist's Work with Pine Blister Canker in Minnesota ; Potato In-
spection in Minnesota (Hortic. Insp. Sect. Econ. Ent.). — DISCUSSION,
How Are We Aiding Nurserymen by Enforcing Sanitation of Adja-
cent Premises? Reports of Methods Employed in Various States
(Hortic. Insp. Sect. Econ. Ent.). — See also under Methods: Collins;
under Ecology : Blackman & Stage.

INSECTS INJURIOUS TO MAN AND TO DOMESTIC ANI-
MALS.— F. C. BISHOPP, Dallas, Texas, Some Problems in Insect
Control about Abattoirs and Packing Houses. — W. E. BRITTON. New
Haven, Conn., Recent Anti-Mosquito Work in Connecticut. — C. T.
BRUES, Forest Hills, Mass., New Evidence Concerning Insects as Pos-
sible Carriers of Infantile Paralysis. — ERNEST N. CORY, College Park,
Md., The Protection of Dairy Cattle from Flies. — L. HASEMAN, Sar-
cophaga hacmorrhoidalis Larvae as Parasites of the Human Intestine.*
— THOS. J. HEADLEE, Some Recent Advances in Mosquito \Vork in
New Jersey.* — C. W. HOWARD, St. Paul, Minn.. Insect Transmission

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93

of Infectious Anemia of Horses. — TRUMAN L. KELLY, University of
Texas, The Effect of Hookworms and Malaria upon the Mental Ca-
pacity of School Children (Sect. L., A. A. A. S.). — GEORGE H. LAMSON,
JR., Storrs, Conn., Mercurial Ointment, an Effective Control for Hen
Lice. — U. C. LOFTIN and E. W. BERGER, Mosquito Traps and Catches.*
— JOHN W. SCOTT (University of Wyoming), Some Experiments on
the Transmission of Swamp Fever by Insects (Zoologists).

APICULTURE.— E. G. CARR, Some New and Practical Methods
for the Control of European Foulbrood. — BURTON N. GATES, The
Principles of a Course in Beekeeping. — FRANK C. PELLETT, Problems of
Bee Inspection. — MORLEY PETTIT, The Way I Would Like to Carry on
Bee Disease Control. — E. F. PHILLIPS, The Results of Apiary Inspec-
tion.— E. R. ROOT, The Opportunity and Rewards in American Bee-
keeping.

PARASITES OF INSECTS.— R. W. GLASER, Immunity in Grass-
hoppers towards Coccobacillus acridiorum* — E. MELVILLE DU PORTE
and J. VANDERLECK, Studies on Coccobacillus acridiorum d'Herelle,
and on Certain Intestinal Organisms of Locusts.* — See also under
Methods: Grossman; under Insects Injurious to Plants: Smith.

ARACHNIDA. — See under Embryology: Patten; under Physiology:
Patten, Shelford.

ORTHOPTERA.— C. GORDON HEWITT, Observations on Gryllo-
blatta campodciformis Walker.* — See also under Cytology: Baumgart-
ner, Carothers, McClung, Wenrich ; under Genetics : Nabours ; under
Ecology: Fox; under Parasites of Insects: Glaser, du Porte and Ven-
derleck.

ODONATA.— See under Ecology: Good.

COLEOPTERA.— J. A. HYSLOP, Hagerstown, Md., Notes on Intro-
duced Weevil (Ceutorhynchus marginatus Payk.). — J. A. MANTER,
Storrs, Conn'., Notes on the Bean Weevil (Bruchus obtcctus Say). —
See also under Morphology: Woods; under Embryology: Dahlgren,
Grave, Hyslop ; under Insects Injurious to Plants: Becker, Cooley, J. J.
Davis, Fox, Glenn, Glasgow, Hayes, Marcovitch, Reeves.

LEPIDOPTERA.— EDNA MOSHER, The Morphology of a Lepidop-
terous Head.* — See also under Methods : Collins ; under Physiology :
Dolley; under Ecology: Wolcott; under Insects Injurious to Plants:
Ainslee, Becker, I. W. Davis, Lowry.

DIPTERA— JAS. S. HINE, The Genus Era.r in North America.*—
J. L. KING, Notes on the Habits and Immature Stages of Cyrtidae.*—
See also under Morphology : Leathers ; under Cytology : Bridges.
Holt, Whiting : under Genetics : Bridges, Hyde, Metz, Morgan,
Sturtevant, Weinstein ; under Physiology : Baumberger, Richardson ;
under Ecology: Felt, Jewell, McCulloch ; under Insects Injurious to
Alan, etc. : 10 papers.

HEMIPTERA.— R. A. COOLEY, A Guide to a Laboratory Study of

94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb.. 'l/

the Scale Insects.*— C. H. HADI.EY, JR., State College, Pa., and ROBERT
MATHEWSON, Ithaca, N. Y., The 1916 Outbreaks of the 17-Year Lo-
cust in Western New York. — A. H. HOLLINGER, Taxonomic Value of
Antennal Segments of Certain Coccidae.* — J. G. SANDERS and D. M.
BELONG, Jassoidea of Wisconsin, with New Species.* — See also under
Embryology: Bueno; under Physiology: Kohnhauser ; tinder Ecology:
Gossard. Osborn ; under Insects Injurious to Plants: Glenn. Kelly,
Merrill, Osborn, Smith.

THYSANOPTERA.— See under Physiology: Shull.

HYMENOPTERA.— See under Embryology: Zappe ; under Physi-
ology : Kornhauser, Mclndoo ; under Ecology : Becquaert ; under In-
sects Injurious to Plants : Phillips.

Feldman Collecting Social.

Meeting of September 2oth, 1916, at the home of H. W. Wenzel,
5614 Stewart Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ; fourteen members and one visi-
tor present. President H. A. Wenzel in the chair.

Coleoptera. Mr. Laurent exhibited two 5 Scaphinotus riduus Dej.,
which he collected at Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, July 29, 1916. Mr.
Kaeber said he had always heard it reported that the females of the
Cyclocephalac were rare and had found it so himself, only having ob-
tained one female in several seasons' collecting until this year in Phil-
adelphia Neck. He collected also many Ochrosidca villosa Burm. at
light, July ii to July 14, many in coitu, and in all fifty or sixty females.
Mr. Hornig exhibited a specimen of the oriental longicorn Mclainist^.
chincnsis Forst., collected near Wayne Avenue, in Germantown, Au-
gust 6, 1916: also two Ciciiidcla umpunctata Fab. from Alloway, N. J.,
August 6, 1916. Mr. Hoyer showed pieces of cedar wood which have
been in a cellar in Oak Lane all summer and are completely riddled
with some Coleopterous larvae. Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited six
speciments of a Helops, which H. A. Wenzel and he had collected on
leaves of oak at Millville, New Jersey, July 15, 1916; this approaches
cisteloides Germ., which he formerly had only from Missouri ; also
Polyphylla variolosa Hentz, which was exceedingly common at light at
Anglesea, New Jersey, July 3, 1916, but all specimens captured were
males. Mr. Geo. M. Greene exhibited three species of Lcma, which he
had collected at Plummer's Island, Maryland, August 30, 1916; L. sc.v-
punctata Oliv. ; L. albini Lac. and L. n. sp.

Lepidoptera. Mr. Hornig said he had found many hairy Lepiclop-
terous larvae on fungus at Alloway, New Jersey, but all died before
he had the opportunity to identify them. Mr. Daecke said he had seen
a female Papilio ajax Linn, flying at Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, July 23,
which settled on a paw-paw tree and laid eggs singly here and there ;
on same day he had seen larvae, large and small, so that he had seen
all the stages in one day except the pupa ; he said that the food plant

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95

of Desmia funeralis Hhn. was commonly grape leaves, but he had
reared one from "evening primrose ;" the common food plant for
Pantagraplia limata G. and R. is oak, but he had reared one from
linden; he exhibited and recorded Pyrausta unifascialis Pack, from
Rockville, Pennsylvania, May 28, 1916.

Diptera. Mr. Hornig said he observed at his laboratory at City
Hall larvae of Psorophora ciliata Fabr. feeding on larvae of other
mosquitoes. Mr. Daecke exhibited a specimen of Promachus rufipcs
Fabr., which he collected at Ocean Gate, New Jersey, August 20, 1916;
at the April meeting he recorded the first capture of this species in
New Jersey.

Hymenoptera and Strepsiptera. Mr. Geo. M. Greene said the wasp
exhibited at the June meeting had been identified for him while in
Washington, D. C., by Mr. Rohwer as Sphcx picipcnnis and later dis-
sected by Dr. Pierce and found to contain two pupae of Hupathocera
sp.?

Adjourned to the annex.

Meeting of October i8th, 1916, at the same place. Eleven members
and one visitor were present, President H. A. Wen/eel in the chair.

Coleoptera. Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited Cicindcla rugifrons Dej.
from Manahawkin, Bamber and Pine Beach, New Jersey; also report-
ed C. abdominalis Fabr. from the latter two places in September and
stated that all Cicindelae were common in above region this season.

Diptera. Dr. Skinner spoke of finding the larvae of a Ciitcrcbra
in living white rabbits on his farm near Narberth, Pennsylvania.

Orthoptera. Mr. Laurent exhibited GryUus domcsticits Linn, tak-
en at Mt. Airy, Pennsylvania, September 14, 1916.

Adjourned to the annex.

Meeting of November I5th, 1916, at the same place. Eleven mem-
bers were present. Prof. J. G. Sanders, State Zoologist of Pennsyl-
vania, visitor; President H. A. Wenzel in the chair.

Prof. Sanders gave an interesting talk on the State Zoological De-
partment, past, present and future. Dr. Skinner related his experiences
with this department in the past.

Lepidoptera. Mr. Daecke stated that he had collected this summer
three species of galls of the genus Gnorimoschema on three different
species of "Golden Rod" at three different localities: Peters Mt. and
Neversink Mt., Pennsylvania, and Ocean Gate, New Jersey. The
plants were kept in flower pots under observation. August iSth a
specimen hatched, but got away, when the remaining galls were prompt-
ly covered with veiling. On September 2nd a Gnorimoschema was
found resting outside of a screened gall and since no other specimen

96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb.. '17

had emerged it must have been the one which escaped on August i8th.
It was resting on a gall of its own species and was presumably await-
ing the emergence of its mate. Discussing this matter, Mr. Wenzel
doubted the intention of this insect to await the emerging of its mate.
Dr. Skinner said that it is a common occurrence in Florida to see sev-
eral males of Heliconiits charitonius Linn, hanging on the pupa of a
female awaiting her emergence.

Coleoptera. Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited Mcgetra vittata LeC.
from New Mexico, twenty miles northeast of El Paso ; also his re-
arranged boxes of Chrysomelidae.

Adjourned to the annex. — GEORGE M. GREENE, Secretary, and FRANK
HAIMBACH, Secretary pro tcm.

Newark Entomological Society.

Meetings of December 10, 1916, and January 14, 1917, held in the
Newark (New Jersey) Public Library. Pres. Buchholz in the chair;
average attendance n members. At the December meeting, the follow-
ing officers for 1917 were elected — President, Otto Buchholz; Vice
President, F. Lemrner ; Secretary, Harry B. Weiss; Financial Secre-
tary, T. D. Mayfield; Treasurer and Curator, Chas. Rutnmel; Librarian,
Herman H. Brehme; Trustee, J. B. Angelman.

Mr. Herman H. Brehme spoke of the method of heating the end of
a pin on which was mounted a specimen, which one desired to remove
without relaxing or danger of breaking and stated that the heat from
an ordinary match was sufficient.

Lepidoptera. At the January meeting, Mr. Brehme showed re-
cently described specimens of Arzama brchmci Br. & McD., which he had
taken at Cliffwood, New Jersey, during May. Mr. Lemmer, at the Decem-
ber meeting, reported the capture of the following species not heretofore
recorded from New Jersey: Eutolype bombyciformis Sm., L^nion Co.,
April: Nannia rcfusata Wlk., Hopatcong, July 20: Aids sulphuraria
Pack., Hopatcong, July 20 (all in New Jersey).

Hemiptera. At the December meeting, Mr. Weiss showed
specimens and work of Psyllia bn.ri L., not before recorded from the
United States and being found in different parts of New Jersey on box-
wood. He also exhibited Trioza alacris Flor., the Bay Flea Louse,
which he found at Rutherford, New Jersey, curling the leaves of bay
trees. This species was introduced from Belgium and is recorded from
the United States only in California.

Coleoptera. At the January meeting, Mr. Weiss showed two
species of weevils new to New Jersey greenhouses, those being Cliolns
forbcsii Pasc., and Ckolus cattleyac Champ., both having been intro-
duced from Tropical America in orchids.

HARRY B. WEISS, Secretary.

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MARCH, 1917.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXVI II.

No. 3.

Henfy Shimer
1828-1895.

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

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EZRA T. CRESSON.
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ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXVIII.

MARCH, 1917.

No. 3.

CONTENTS:

Newcomb — Emily L. Morton 97

Dickerson and Weiss — The Azalea
Lace-Bug, Stephanitis pyrioides

Scott (Tingitidae, Hemiptera) 101

Girault— The Occurrence of the Genus
Monobaeus Foerster in North

America (Hym.) 106

Weiss— A Correction in Spelling 106

Rehn— Some Critical Notes on the
Giant Katydids Forming the Group
Steirodontia (Orthoptera, Tettigo-

niidae, Phaneropterinae) 107

An Aid to the Entomology of New Jer-
sey 122

Comstock— Data on the Far South-
western States Wanted (Lep.) 122

VanDuzee— New North American spe-
cies of Dolichopodidae (Dip.) 123

Photographs Received for the Album
of the American Entomological
Society 128

Chaniberlin— Notes on some Bupres-
tidae of Northern California (Col.) 129

Editorial — Specialization in Entomo-
logy 14°

Questions and Answers 141

Entomological Literature 141

Emily L. Morton.

By H. H. NEWCOMB, Venice, California.

(Plate VIII.)

It was nearly twenty years ago that I first met Emily L.
Morton. I had become much interested in her work of hybri-
dizing the Saturniidae and accepted with great pleasure her
invitation to New Windsor on the Hudson, to see her collec-
tion and to hear her own account of her experiments.

What a delightful visit that was, and what a wonderful col-
lection she had. Since then we have become well acquainted
and I am able to give a few of the more interesting events of
her life.

Miss Morton was born at Rocklawn, New Windsor, New
York, on the 3rd of April, 1841, in the old mansion which was
built upon land that belonged to her mother's family for four
generations. She and her sister still live there, the sole sur-
vivors of the family. Her father was Edmund Morton, her
mother was Caroline M. Ellison, both of the city of New
York.

97

98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

As a very small child her entomological fancies asserted
themselves ; she would spend hours sitting by an ant-hill watch-
ing the little insects running in and out. She would chase
butterflies and, much to her mother's horror, bring home cater-
pillars and other "bugs."

When she was thirteen years old she was presented with a
copy of Kirby and Spence by her cousin, Dr. John W. Green.
He was much interested in her longing to obtain some knowl-
edge of the life-histories of insects and took this method of
helping her. She pored over the work day and night, learning
it almost by heart, although it was very scientific, and she did
not know even the common names of most of the insects de-
scribed. She has since tried to read this book and wonders
how a child could ever have mastered its contents, for a drier
and heavier work could hardly be found.

About the year 1860 another cousin, Robert R. Ellison, made
a small collection of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, and while
helping him she started her own collection, gathering promiscu-
ously everything in the line of insects.

With no books, except Kirby and Spence, no knowledge of
names or terms, and no one to consult, it was uphill work ; still
she persevered until she came across an antiquated book with
a few figures of insects, uncolored and poorly drawn. This,
however, helped her a little until one happy day she procured
a copy of Harris' Insects Injurious to Vegetation, and from
this most valuable work she was able to name most of the in-
sects she had collected.

Then Col. Thomas Arden, United States Army, presented
her with nine volumes of the Agricultural Reports of New
York. Scattered throughout these books were articles by
Asa Fitch, then State Entomologist, and from these she ex-
tracted an immense amount of interesting and instructive in-
formation, which added greatly to her love for the study.

Soon after this she met Valentine W. Andrews, then agent
for the Canadian Entomologist, who told her that at the Astor
Library, in New York City, she would find that wonderful
work on Lepidoptera, Smith & Abbot's Insects of Georgia.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99

Upon her next visit to that city she hastened to the library
to see these treasures, and the good-natured librarian, noting
her eagerness, installed her in an alcove, telling her she could
study them there any time she was in town.

Through the Canadian Entomologist she became acquainted
with W. H. Edwards, with whom she worked out the life-
history of that curious little butterfly, Fcniseca tarquinins. It
was she who discovered the larval habits of this insect on
one of her expeditions among the swamp-alders. She found
the caterpillar living within the masses of the downy plant-
lice, which swarm upon this tree.

From Miss Morton's letters, Edwards has written in the
Canadian Entomologist a full account of the early stages of
this interesting insect, the plates having been drawn by Mrs.
Peart, of Philadelphia, showing the curious woolly larva and
the little monkey-faced chrysalis.

In 1883 Miss Morton met Henry Edwards, who proved a
very kind and interesting gentleman, and greatly assisted her
with names and other facts. He was a most amusing and en-
tertaining visitor, enthusiastic and in raptures over the many
new specimens he caught while on a visit to her home. He
was a noted tragedian and after his death his splendid collec-
tion of Lepidoptera was purchased by his company for the
benefit of his widow and presented to the Museum of Natural
History at New York City.

Among Miss Morton's friends was Prof. A. S. Packard, Jr..
who was a kind and courteous correspondent. She drew and
painted many larvae for his contemplated work on North
American Lepidoptera and she possessed a copy of his beau-
tiful work on the Geometridae, of which group she had a large
assortment.

Another friend of hers was Samuel H. Scudder and con-
siderable correspondence passed between them relative to his
work of changing the old Linnean generic names, which she
considered a grave mistake. In spite of their disagreement
they remained firm friends until he passed away.

She also met Herman Strecker and colored for him many

IOO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

of the plates of his famous work on the Lepidoptera. He told
her that unless he succeeded in selling his magnificent collec-
tion for $20,000 he would leave it to the British Museum. As
a matter of fact it was purchased after his death by the Field
Columbian Museum at Chicago.

Miss Morton considers her experiments in rearing hybrids
of the Saturnidae her most interesting and important work.
The first moths which she succeeded in crossing were Samia
cecropia 9 with the western glovcri $ . These produced the
most beautiful progeny of any of her trials, being larger than
either of the parents, beautifully colored in crimson and gray.

Afterwards she successfully crossed cecropia with ceanothi
and with Columbia. Cocoons of the latter species were sent
to her by her friend, James L. Mitchell, of Battle Creek, Mich-
igan, which were searched for by him with infinite patience in
the larch swamps of that locality.

Our luna paired with the Asiatic selene and produced splen-
did great moths, retaining the shape of the latter, but having
the delicate color of the luna. In every case the progeny of
these matings proved infertile.

Eight of these hybrids she sold to Baron Rothschild for $40.
and this was the only money she ever made from her life-long
work on Entomology.

Among her many accomplishments was that of cabinet-
maker. For her collection she made a big cabinet of sixty
drawers, arranged in three tiers, doing even the glazing her-
self. Besides this, she made innumerable boxes for the surplus
odds and ends of her collection.

Twice Mrs. Newcomb and myself have had the very great
pleasure of visits from her to our home, which was then a*
Dorchester, Massachusetts, and I shall always remember the
keen enjoyment of a day spent with her roaming the Blue Hills
of Milton with our nets.

In 1904 she wrote me that her collection was becoming too
great a care and that if I wished I might have it. \Yhat a
wonderful thing to have a collection like hers to add to my own
modest efforts in that line. T immediately went to New Wind-
sor and together we packed it up and it was sent to my home.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IOI

I soon found that I had more Lepidoptera than I could well
handle, so the Geometridae were taken by Louis W. Swett,
who is working in that group, and the Noctuidae by the Amer-
ican Museum of Natural History, New York City.

The remainder of her collection is now at the Boston So-
ciety of Natural History, under the care of its efficient curator,
Charles W. Johnson.

Miss Morton begged me not to forget to mention her very
dear friends, Mrs. Herring and the late Mrs. Gilbert, both of
Plainfield, New Jersey, and the delightful two weeks spent
with them at a hotel at Liberty, New York. They used to
hire the Liberty stage and go on collecting trips in that beau-
tiful section, where many rare specimens were taken.

Miss Morton has lived an active, industrious life and al-
though she has written very little for scientific publications,
her work was of the practical, useful kind and her best efforts
were devoted to helping others in their entomological studies
and pursuits.

(The photograph from which Plate VIII was made was taken about
thirty or thirty-five years ago.)

The Azalea Lace-Bug, Stephanitis pyrioides Scott
(Tingitidae, Hemiptera).

By EDGAR L. DICKERSON and HARRY B. WEISS.*

(Plate IX.)

For the past several years this tingid has been present in
New Jersey, but only recently has it become abundant and
widespread enough to do considerable damage. It was origi-
nally described by John Scott in his paper "On a Collection of
Hemiptera Heteroptera from Japan, Descriptions of Various
New Genera and Species," which appeared in the Ann. Mag.
Nat. His. (4) XIV, p. 440. 1874. Horvath, in the Ann. Mus.
Hung. III. p. 568, 28 (1905) et IV. p. 55, 3 (1906), contribut-
ed to synonymy by renaming it Stephanitis azalcac. In Van
Duzee's check list of the Hemiptera of America, north of Mex-
ico, it appears as Stephanitis pyrioides Scott.

*The arrangement of the authors' names is alphabetical only and in-
dicates neither seniority nor precedence.

IO2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 'l/

It has been found by the authors at the following localities
in New Jersey: Arlington, Rutherford, Far Hills, Riverton,
Palmyra, Springfield, Nutley and New Brunswick, and is also
known to occur at Bala, Pennsylvania ; Washington, D. C. ;
Holland and Japan. It was evidently introduced into New
Jersey in the egg stage on evergreen azaleas from Japan, as
quite a few Japanese azaleas have been imported into New
Jersey during the past few years. We have found it infesting
the following species and varieties of azaleas : Hinodegeri,
Amoena, Ledifolia alba, Benigeri, Yodogawa, Kaempheri,
Pontica, Mollis, Indica, Shirogeri, Hatsugeri, Shibori, Amura-
saki, Schilippenbachii, etc., the deciduous varieties, however,
not being as badly infested as the evergreen ones.

The injury is caused by the nymphs and adults feeding on
the under surfaces of the leaves, abstracting the sap and re-
sulting in a discoloration of the foliage on the upper surface.
In severe infestations, the leaves become almost white, many
of them drying completely and dropping off, and the under-
sides of the leaves are also disfigured by the excrement of the
insects.

The winter is passed in the egg stage and hatching takes
place about the latter part of May in central and southern New
Jersey. The length of each nymphal stage varies from three
to six days, depending on the temperature. About the latter
part of June adults appear and egg-laying takes place, this
operation extending over an average period of two weeks.
These eggs require on an average two weeks for hatching and
by the last week in July and first week of August growth is
completed and many new adults are present. During the first
two weeks of August eggs are again laid and by the middle
and last week in September many adults of this brood are
present, the over-wintering eggs being deposited at this time
and during the first part of October. Adults, mostly females,
have been noted lingering on the plants as late as the middle
of November. Thus there are three broods in southern New
Jersey, the average length of each being about one month. In
the central and northern parts of the State there are only two,
and a partial third. On account of the extended oviposition

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IO3

period it is quite possible to find all stages feeding together at
the same time.

About the time the maximum number of adults have emerg-
ed the proportion of sexes is equal. Later, however, many
of the males disappear and about the time egg-laying is well
under way the females are in the majority. As it approaches
time for the hatching of the eggs the adults lingering on the
plants are practically all females. It thus appears that either
the females have greater vitality or that the males die soon
after copulation. Egg-deposition requires from two to three
minutes. The ovipositor is pulled from its sheath and the fe-
male touches the surface of the leaf with it until a suitable
place is found. It is then thrust into the tissue until the ab-
domen rests against the leaf and then withdrawn.

EGG & NYMPHAL STAGES.

Egg. Length 0.4 mm., width 0.18 mm. These are smooth, white and
flask-shaped, with the neck bent to one side. They are deposited in
the leaf tissue along the mid-rib and larger veins, being found as a rule
in the younger leaves. Each egg is inserted in the tissue with the cap
extending slightly above the leaf surface, each cap being visible as a
whitish oval or irregular circular ring. Sometimes, but not always, the
cap is covered with a brownish scab-like crust. From one to ninety
eggs have been found in a single leaf, most of them being placed
irregularly along the mid-rib. In many leaves, the eggs can readily be
located by holding the leaf up to the light and examining with a hand
lens, each egg appearing as a light oval spot surrounded by a reddish
or dark discoloration.

ist Nymphal Stage. Length exclusive of tubercles 0.4 mm. Body
elliptical, slightly broadest at middle of abdomen. General color white
except tips of ultimate and penultimate antennal segments, bases of
legs, line on front of head extending to base of rostrum, middle dorsal
surface of abdomen and tubercles on head and abdomen which are
brownish. Two tubercles on posterior margin of head, one on vertex
in front and between them. One median dorsal tubercle on the 2nd,
5th, 6th and 8th abdominal segments. Antennae three-fifths the length
of the body. Rostrum extending to last pair of legs. Eyes lateral, not
prominent, consisting of five distinct ommatidia. Antennae and tuber-
cles in this and the following nymphal stages covered with secreting
hairs.

2nd Nymphal Stage. Length exclusive of tubercles 0.55 mm. Body
elliptical, color white except tips of ultimate and penultimate antennal

IO4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

segments, line on front of head, tubercles, bases of legs, dorsal sur-
face of abdomen and bands extending anteriorly near sides of thorax,
which are brownish. Tubercles as noted before in first stage, but more
pronounced and in addition, single pointed tubercles on sides of pro-
and mesothorax, on sides of 4th, 5th, 6th, /th, 8th, gth abdominal seg-
ments and two minute tubercles on face just below vertex. Rostrum
extending to last pair of legs. Eyes similar to those of first nymphal
stage. Antennae three-fifths length of body.

3rd Nymphal Stage. Length exclusive of tubercles 0.8 mm. Similar
to second stage except that coloring and structure are more pro-
nounced. Body elliptical, color white except tips of ultimate and pen-
ultimate antennal segments, line on front of head, bases of legs, dor-
sal surface of abdomen, posterior lateral sides of thorax, some of pos-
terior and lateral margins of head and tubercles which are brownish.
Dorsal surface of abdomen and tubercles darker brown than re-
mainder. Tubercles similar to preceding stage but more pronounced
and in addition two white median dorsal tubercles on pro- and meso-
thorax. Tubercles on sides of mesothorax rest on basal lobes. Eyes
similar to preceding stage. Antennae tending toward yellowish white,
three-fifths length of body. Rostrum extending to last pair of legs.

4th Nymphal Stage. Length exclusive of tubercles 1.2 mm. Body
broadly elliptical. Color white except tips of ultimate and penultimate
antennal segments, line on front of head, bases of legs, most of dorsal
surface of abdomen, posterior two-thirds of thorax, portions of lateral
and posterior margins of head, outer sides of basal segments of an-
tennae, outer surfaces of tarsi, rostrum and tubercles, which are brown.
Antennae yellowish brown. Median dorsal tubercles on prothorax
white except at tips. Tubercles similar to those of third stage but
more pronounced. Lobes of mesothorax more pronounced, covering
those of metathorax. Antennae about three-fifths length of body.
Rostrum extending to third pair of legs. Eyes consisting of numerous
ommatidia.

$th Nymphal Stage. Length exclusive of tubercles 1.8 mm. Body
oval. Color: antennae light yellowish brown; line on front of
head and portions of lateral and posterior margins of head, posterior
margins of pro-thorax, most of meso- and metathorax, basal three-
fourths of abdomen, base and tips of wing pads, tubercles, outer sur-
face of basal antennal segments, tips of ultimate and penultimate an-
tennal segments, bases of legs, bases of tarsi, outer surface of rostrum,
brown ; remainder white in part tinged with brown. Tubercles very
pronounced, acuminate. Wing-pads extending to 5th abdominal seg-
ment. Eyes more prominent, consisting of numerous reddish omma-
tidia. Median dorsal elevation on prothorax. Rostrum extending be-
tween 2nd and 3rd pair of legs. Antennae almost as long as the body.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXVIII.

Plate IX.

R.S.R

AZALEA LACE-BUG, STEPHANITIS PYRIOIDES-DICKERSON AND WEISS.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. TO5

Adult. This was described by Scott from one example as
follows :

Ting is pyrioidcs. Extremely like Tingis pyri in nearly every particu-
lar : and therefore it will only be necessary to point out the characters
which will separate them.

Tingie pyri Fab. Disk of the elytra from the apex of the rhomboidal
cell with 5 transverse rows of irregular meshes.

Tingis pyrioidcs. Disk of the elytra from the apex of the rhomboi-
dal cell with 3 transverse rows of irregular meshes. Pronotum, lateral
margins more upright than in T. pyri. Length I and 1/2 line.

As a matter of information the original description of Tingis
pyri by Fabricius in Sy sterna Entomologiae (1775). p. 696, is
given as follows :

Acanthia pyri thorace trialato, scutello foliato, elytris reticulatis,
basi gibbis.

Habitat in foliorum pyri pagina inferiori, ea maculans. Prof. Herr-
mann. Caput parvum, albidum. Thorax alis tribus magnis, elevatis, al-
bis, f usco-reticulatis ; lateralibus compressis. carinatis, acutis; intermedia
globosa, breviora. Scutellum elevatum, foliaceum, acutum, album, ma-
cula fusca baseos. Elytra reticulata, alba, fusco-maculata, basi gibba.
Pedes albi.

On the accompanying plate will be found figures of the egg,
nymphal stages, adult, anal claspers of male, ovipositor and
ovaries. Each ovary was found to consist of six tubes, some
of which were empty, while others contained mature and im-
mature eggs. The mature eggs in the oviduct showed slight
brown discolorations at the upper ends. As shown in the fig-
ure, a seminal receptacle was found slightly on the ventral
side of each oviduct.

These lace bugs may be controlled on azaleas by spraying
with whale oil soap at the rate of 5 or 6 pounds to 50 gallons
of water. To be most effective the spraying should take place
shortly after the over-wintering eggs have hatched and should
be directed against the undersides of the leaves.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.
Stephanitis pyrioidcs Scott.

Figure i, egg Figure 6, 5th stage nymph

Figure 2, ist stage nymph Figure 7, Adult

Figure 3, 2nd stage nymph Figure 8, Anal claspers of male-

Figure 4, 3rd stage nymph Figure 9, Ovaries

Figure 5, 4th stage nymph Figure 10, Ovipositor.

IO6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

The Occurrence of the Genus Monobaeus Foerster
in North America (Hym.)«

By A. A. GIRAULT, Glenn Dale, Maryland.

The following species is the first of this genus to be describ-
ed from North America. The genus, as represented by the
new species, has the parapsidal furrows distinct, as is also
sometimes (or often) true for Ormyrus. The two genera
differ in the number of ring-joints only. The species differ
much in the sculpture of the abdomen, especially as regards
the arrangement of the coarser punctures at the base of the
segments. The club is sub-solid, but its articulations are still
visible.

Monobaeus hegeli new species.

Female : — Length, 3.00 mm. Abdomen distinctly longer than the rest
of the body, substylate at apex.

Very similar to Ormyrus ventricosus Ashmead but more robust and
the abdomen, besides the usual median carina dorsad and the scalloped
cross-ridges, bears a single row of coarse punctures at base of seg-
ments 4 and 5 and is densely pin-punctate instead of scaly, while seg-
ment 6 is densly thimble-punctate. Also the propodeum is bicarinate
at the meson instead of tricarinate as in ventricosus. Funicle I hemi-
spherical, shortest, over thrice the size of the usual ring-joint; other
funicle joints a little wider than long. Body downy. Types compared.

Described from one female from Michigan (C. P. Gillette).
Type: Catalogue No. 20239, U. S. N. M., the specimen on a
tag, an antenna on a slide.

Perhaps this genus may grade into Ormyrus; that is, the
second ring- joint be larger and larger in relation to the first,
so that it is no longer possible to distinguish one from two ring-
joints in some cases. Then the two genera must be merged as
Mayr has done.

A Correction in Spelling (Col.)

Mr. Edw. M. Ehrhorn, Superintendent, Division of Entomology,
Territory of Hawaii, has recently called my attention to the wrong
spelling of Acythopcus in my paper on "Some Unusual Orchid In-
sects," in the "News" for January, 1917, where it appears as Ac\po-
thcns. I was misled in this by following the spelling in Mr. Champion's
paper in the "Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" for September, 1916,
where it also appears as Acypothcus, evidently due to a printer's mis-
take.— HARRY B. WEISS.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IO7

Some Critical Notes on the Giant Katydids Forming

the Group Steirodontia (Orthoptera,

Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae).

By JAMES A. G. REHN, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

(Plate X.)

The notes gathered together in this paper have accumulated
while studying the material of this group contained in certain
large South and Central American and West Indian series of
Orthoptera, now in our hands for determination. The remarks
are grouped under the genera considered, but, aside from the
revision of the forms of the Stilpnochlora marginclla group,
they are not presented as exhaustive or final, instead being
intended merely as suggestions, to help the future student who
has before him more material of this group of most interesting
and striking species.

STILPNOCHLORA Stal.
1873. Stilpnochlora Stal, Ofvers. K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl., 1873,

No. 4, p. 40.
1906. Microccntrum Kirby (not of Scudder, 1862, as restricted),

Synon. Catal. Orth., II, p. 455.

Genotype : Phylloptcra marginclla Serville (by original des-
ignation).

Kirby is quite in error in considering Microcentrum the
proper name for this genus. It is in part Microcentrum of
Scudder, but the genotype of the latter genus was properly
selected by us as affiliatum Scudder (=rhoinbi 'folium Saus-
sure).1 As shown at the time of our selection of the geno-
type, Kirby selected as genotype of Scudder's genus a species
not included in the genus by Scudder, so his fixation is er-
roneous. The action taken by us retains the names in their
time-honored positions and is in accord with Article 30 of the
Revised International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

The known species of the genus Stilpnochlora are all before
us at present, with the exception of Saussure and Zehntner's
ovalifolia, which was described from Brazil,2 and concerning

'Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1908, p. 398 (1908).
"Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I., p. 369 (1898).

IOS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 'l/

which we can say nothing. The other forms fall quite natural-
ly into four divisions, which in a linear fashion we would ar-
range as follows : vS\ thoracic a Serville ( = toltcca Saussure
and authors) ; the marginclla group, comprising marginclla
(Serville), couloniana (Saussure), quadrata (Scudder) and
lanrifollnni (Linnaeus) ; S. aztcca (Saussure) ; and last, S.
incisa Brunner.

We would consider 3*. thoracica more divergent from the
Steirodontid genera following Stilpnochlora than the other
groups of the genus, and 5\ incisa nearer them, with ' azteca
relatively close to it, both having a short inflated type of pro-
notum and a tendency of the lateral margins of the pronotal
disk to be elevated. The marginclla group clearly holds an
intermediate position. At this writing we have no important
information to give on any of the sections of the genus except
the marginclla group, which is a very plastic assemblage of
four species, the relationships of which were not comprehend-
ed previously.

Stilpnochlora marginclla Group.

This group, the greater portion of which was formerly con-
sidered to represent a single widely distributed species, for
which the name marginella was used, is composed of four spe-
cies, two of which — marginclla and laurifolium — are quite dis-
tinct from each other and from the other forms — quadrata and
couloniana — which are much more closely related.

Serville's marginella? was described from the Cape of Good
Hope, of course in error, as all the members of the genus are
American. There is nothing sufficiently diagnostic in its de-
scription to enable us to definitely place the name, but it is
very probable he had Brazilian material, as much of his South
American material came from that region, and Stul, the first
author to comment on Serville's species, associated Brazilian
material with it. In consequence of this we feel warranted in
restricting Serville's name to the form of eastern Brazil and
the Guianas, at least until an examination of the Serville
material, if still extant, can be made. Saussure, in 1861, de-
scribed the Cuban form of this group as Ph\lloptcra couloni-

3 Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 405 (1839).

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. ICX)

'ana,4 while, in 1869, Scudder described Steirodon quadratum*
from Guayaquil, Ecuador, which appears to us to be the form
of this species group found in Mexico, Central America and
northwestern South America.

Linnaeus, in 1758, gave the name Gryllus (Tettigonia)
lanrifolius6 to the insect figured by Sloane in his Natural His-
tory of Jamaica,7 which is the most distinct member of this
species group.

The distribution of these forms is most interesting and to a
measure suggestive of the relationship of certain faunas. The
eastern Brazilian species, marginella (Serville), ranges from at
least as far south as the State of Sao Paulo, north to Trinidad
and Surinam. The Central American form, quadrat a (Scud-
der), covers an area extending from central Mexico south to
western Ecuador and probably Peru ( Saussure as marginella),
while along the north coast of South America it apparently
extends eastward, as it occurs in Trinidad with marginella.
The Cuban couloniana is known only from that island and
Florida, while laurifolium is limited to Jamaica. The close
affinity of the Mexican and Cuban forms is additional evi-
dence of the Mexican influence in the Greater Antilles.

The chief feature which distinguishes the species is the form
of the stridulating field of the tegmina of the male. This is
least extensive, with its free margin almost regularly arcuate
and hardly angulate, and having a short stridulating vein, in
marginella ; in couloniana the field is broader, with a rounded
obtuse angulation at the extremity of the vein, which is some-
what heavier and longer; in quadrata the breadth of the field
is distinctly greater, the margin is more decidedly obtuse-an-
gulate and but little rounded, while the stridulating vein is
more elongate; finally, in laurifolium the field is very broad,
the margin is more decidedly angulate and the stridulating vein
quite long and greatly thickened and elevated.

The pronotum of the male shows a corresponding increase

4 Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e ser., XII I, p. 128 (1861).

5Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, XIT, p. 331 (1869).

6 Syst. Nat.. X ed., p. 429 (1758).

'II, p. 201, pi. 236, figs. I and 2 (1725).

HO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 'l/

in width as the stridulating field widens, while in the female
this difference in the form of the pronotum is apparently the
only feature which will readily separate the forms. Females
of couloniana and quadrata are very similar, so much so that
they are sometimes extremely hard to separate. We have giv-
en figures of the principal differences separating the species,
as they are so comparative that their use in a key would be
difficult and at most unsatisfactory. We find no other features
of sufficient importance to use as diagnostic features.

Stilpnochlora marginalia (Serville). Plate X, fig. 1.

1839. Phylloptera marginclla Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 405.

["Cape of Good Hope.""]
1869. Phylloptcra magnifolia Walker, Catal. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus.,

II, p. 377. (Part.) [Brazil; Guayaquil.]

Trinidad. (F. W. Urich.) One male. [A. N. S. P.]

Surinam. V, 1881. (C. G. Hering.) One female. [U. S. N.
M.]

Cayenne. One male. [A. N. S. P.]

Peixe Boi, east of Para, Para, Brazil. XI to XII, 1907. (H.
B. Merrill.) Two females. [A. N. S. P.]

Igarape-assu, Para, Brazil. (H. S. Parish.) One male.
[A. N. S. P.]

Bonito, Pernambuco, Brazil. XI, 1883. (A. Koebele.) One
male. [U. S. N. M.]

Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. One male, one female. [Heb-
ard Cln.l

The species has been previously recorded from as far south
as Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This form is smaller than the av-
erage of the other types of this group. It has the narrowest
pronotum and stridulating field of the male tegmina and the
general form is faintly more compressed than in the other spe-
cies. The specimens from Piracicaba have the lateral lobes
of the pronotum faintly narrower in proportion to their depth.
The male stridulating field is identical in its important features
with the north Brazilian males. We consider these specimens
to represent the extreme condition of marginella.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Ill

Stilpnochlora couloniana (Saussure). Plate X, figs. 2 and 7.

1861. Phylloptcra couloniana Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,

2e sen, XIII, p. 128. [Cuba.]

1862. M[icro centrum] thoracicum Scudder (not Stcirodon thoracicus

Serville, 1831), Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 447- [Tor-
tugas, Florida.]

Cuba. One male, two females. [Hebard Cln.]

Cabanas, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, 5 to 8, 1913. One male.
[A. M. N. H.]

Santiago, Oriente, Cuba, X to XII, 1913. One male, one
female. [A. N. S. P.]8

Guantanamo, Oriente, Cuba. VIII, /, 1913. (C. T. Ramsden,
at light.) One female. [A. N. S. P.]

This species is only known from Cuba, the Isle of Pines and
the peninsula of Florida. In Cuba it seems to occur over the
whole island and in Florida it occurs as far north as Gaines-
ville. Elsewhere a considerable number of Floridan refer-
ences have been given, which it is unnecessary to discuss in
this summary. The affinity of couloniana with qnadrata is
marked and its origin is to our mind clearly evident. Its dis-
tribution and affinity is comparable to the distribution of Man-
tolda maya and Phrl.ra maya.

The tegmina of Cuban specimens of this species are broad-
er proportionately than in qnadrata, and in the female sex
this is the one evident feature to separate the two forms. In
Florida material, however, the tegmina are somewhat narrow-
er and the females are almost indistinguishable from Mexican
individuals. The Florida males, however, are fully typical of
couloniana.

Stilpnochlora quadrata Scudder. Plate X, figs. 3 and 6.

1869. Stcirodon quadratum Scudder. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist,
Nil, p. 331. (April, 1869.) [Guayaquil, Ecuador.]

1869. Phylloptcra niaguifolia Walker, Catal. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus.,
H. p. 377. (Part.) (Not earlier than October, 1869.) [Bra-
zil; Guayaquil.]

Monte Redondo, Costa Rica. Ill, 30, 1805. (C. F. Under-
wood.) One male. [Hebard Cln.]

8 Previously recorded by us (Sec. Rep. Cent. Exper. Sta. Cuba, p.
Jio, 1909) as S. marginella.

112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

Cartago,' Costa Rica. IX, 19, 1909. (P. P. Calvert; well
sustained flight around electric light in plaza.) One male. [A.
N. S. P.]

Cauca, Colombia. (Fortunate Bonis.) Two females. [A. N
S. P.]

Medellin, Colombia. IX, 1912. (Fr. A. Maria.) One male.
[Hebard Cln.]

Jimenez, Colombia, elev. 1600 feet. VII, 1907. (M. G.
Palmer.) One male. [A. N. S. P.]

Caparo, Trinidad. VI, 1913. (S. M. Klages.) One male,
[A. N. S. P.]

All previous records of marginalia made by us on the basis
of Mexican and Costa Rican material relate to this species.
From our present knowledge quadrata has the widest distri-
bution of any form of the genus. It occurs from north-central
Mexico (Tepic) and northern Yucatan south to at least Ecua-
dor and probably Peru, east to Trinidad, where its range
touches or overlaps that of 5. marglnella. At its northern lim-
it the range extends to the limit of mainland connections (Yu-
catan) in the direction of its very near ally, the Cuban conloni-
ana.

There is much size variation in the species, some in the gen-
eral form of the pronotum, and to a lesser degree in the pro-
notal outline, but the male sex is not difficult to separate from
couloniana. The females, on the other hand, are much more
troublesome, as Floridan female individuals of couloniana are
almost indistinguishable from that sex of quadrata. On close
comparison it will be seen that the females of quadrata have
slightly more elongate tegmina, with the sutural margin show-
ing a less distinct angle at the distal fourth and the marginal
field more regularly attenuate. Cuban couloniana females,
which show an appreciably wider tegmen, are more readily
differentiated.

Stilpnochlora laurifolium (Linnaeus). Plate X, fig. 4.

!758. [Gryllus (Tcttigonia}} laurifolius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., X ed.,

p. 429. ["Indiis."]
1878. St[ilt>noclilora] coulonia Brunner (not Phylloxera couloniana

Saussure), Monogr. der Phaneropt, p. 359. [Jamaica.]

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113

Cinchona, Jamaica. II, 26, 1911. (J. A. Grossbeck.) One
male. [Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.]

Montego Bay, Jamaica. Ill, 1911. (J. A. Grossbeck.) One
male. [Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.]

Montego Bay, Jamaica. XII, 1913, and III, 1914. (C. G.
Hussey.) Three males. [Hebard Cm.]

This is the most striking member of the genus, and it is
found in a relatively restricted and most isolated habitat for a
Stilpnochlora. Quite curiously it has not been previously rec-
ognized from material since Sloane's drawing (the basis of
laurifolius Linnaeus), aside from Brunner's comments on a
male from Jamaica which showed differences from inarg'mella.
Sloane's original figure was based on a specimen which "came
amongst some Scotch Grass, brought from the Caymanes for
the Horses, and was taken in the Stable and kept alive on Sugar
and Water for some Time."9 It is very probable the specimen
was a native Jamaican insect, which found a congenial resting
place on the Cayman grass. Linnaeus' name was erroneously
used for a great many years for a North American species of
Micro centrum, a misuse apparently due to the failure of au-
thors to verify the source of the name. The figure of Sloane
is clearly a Stilpnochlora, and as far as can be determined rep-
resents the present species.

The species has a development of the stridulating field of
the male, which is very great ; in fact, it is the most striking
thing about that sex of the insect. We have not examined
the female and can make no comment on that sex, as it is ap-
parently unknown at this writing.

The measurements (in millimeters) of two representative
males of this species are as follows:

Montego Bay Montego Bay

Jamaica Jamaica

XII, 1913 III, 1914

Length of body 31 33

Length of pronotum 9.5 9-5

Greatest caudal width of pronotal disk 8.3 8.4

Length of tegmen 60 59.5

Greatest width of tegmen 20.2 19.6

Greatest width of stridulating field of tegmen 9.4 9.5

Length of caudal femur 32.3 32.5

9 Nat. Hist. Jamaica, II, p. 201, pi. 236, figs, i and 2 (1725).

114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 'l7

STEIRODON Serville.

Kirby's treatment of the specific names under this genus is
incorrect, as he completely ignores Stal's examination10 of
the Linnean material of Gryllus (Tettigonia} citrifolius.

The original material, according to Stal, belongs to the genus
Posidippus. As this material was examined by a competent
student its importance completely overshadows the Roesel fig-
ure11 referred to by Linnaeus, which quite clearly depicts a
member of the genus Peucestcs.

Kirby, however, apparently without any justification, con-
siders Linneaus' species to be a Steirodon. The above expla-
nation will show the error of his association.

As we have already shown,12 the genus Steirodon must have
as its type, there designated some months before Kirby's in-
dication, Phylloxera citrifolia Thunberg (not Gryllus (Tetti-
gonia) cifrifolius Linnaeus), the original material of which is
a Steirodon according to Stal, who renamed it Steirodon
•r alidum. The Locusta citrifolia of DeGeer13 is clearly a Posi-
dippus, while Stoll's LocKsta citrifoliau is with equal certainty
a Peucestes.

The genera Steirodon and Peucestcs are extremely close, in
fact females of Peucestes dentatus are quite liable to be mistak-
en for species of Steirodon, as the distal ramus of the median
vein of the tegmina in the four females seen reaches the apex
of the tegmina, a feature supposed to be characteristic of
Steirodon. Males of the same species, however, do not show
this peculiarity, the ramus reaching the sutural margin. More
material may show the necessity of uniting Peucestes, in whole
or at least in part, with the older Steirodon.

PEUCESTES Stal.

For remarks on the close relationship of Pcnccslcs and
Steirodon see above under the latter genus.

Peucestes striolatus Brunner.

1878. P\cuccstcs~\ striolatus Brunner, Monogr. der Phaneropt., p. 366.
f Pernambuco and Bahia, Brazil; Panama; Peru.]

10Recens. Orthopt.. II, p. 45 (1874).

11 Insect. Belust, IT, p. 107. pi. XVI. fig. i.

12 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1005, p. 807 (1906).
:'Mem. Ins.. TIT, p. 437, pi. 37- fig. 3 d773)-

"Natuur. Afbeeld. Beschr. etc., Zahelspr., p. n, pi. IVa, fig. 12 (1813).

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 1 15

Chanchamayo, Peru. Three males, four females. [A. N. S.

P.]

The Chanchamayo series clearly belongs to this species, but

may represent a new geographic race characterized by the
greater compression oft the pronotum.

Peucestes dentatus Stal.

1874. r[cuccstcs] dentatus Stal, Recensio Orthopt, II, p. 45- [Pan-
ama; Cayenne.]

Orotina, Costa Rica. X, u, 1915. (A. Alfaro; night.) One
female. [A. N. S. P.]

Costa Rica. Two females. [A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cm.]

Panama. One male. fU. S. N. M.] One female. [Hebard
Cln.]

Cauca, Colombia. One male. [A. N. S. P. ]

The species dentatus appears to us to be quite distinct from
coronatus. Saussure and Zehntner seem to have had the best
conception of the species of this genus and their relationship.

The genus Steirodon is dangerously close to this species, as
we have already remarked above. Females of this species, as
we understand it, have the distal rami of the median vein of
the tegmina reaching to apex.

The Panama male is slightly different from the Cauca indi-
vidual, but the differences are not specific.

Peucestes champion! Saussure and Zehntner.

1898. Peucestes championi Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer.,

Orth., I, p. 371, pi. XVIII, figs. 6 to 9. [Panzos, Vera Paz,

Guatemala; Cachi (Cache), Costa Rica.l

Cachi, Costa Rica, 3500 feet elevation. (C. H. Lankester.)
One male. [A. N. S. P.]

This specimen is perfectly typical of the species. We do not
feel sure that Saussure and Zehntner's sex association is cor-
rect, as the female, from the figure, seems quite different. We
have, however, no evidence on this except that furnished by the
figures.

Generic divisions united by Brunncr under Posidippus.
A. Cephalic margin of pronotal disk with median tooth. Tegmina
proportionately broad; marginal field equal to one-half tegminal
width at proximal third. Median and caudal tibiae not distinctly

Il6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 'l7

expanded proximad. (Fastigii of the vertex and face subequal in
width. Pronotal lateral margins regularly crenato-dentate. Cephalic
tibiae with foramina narrowly open on cephalic face, broadly open

on caudal face) Posidippus Stal.

(Genotype: Gryllus (Tettigonia) citrifolius Linnaeus.)
AA. Cephalic margin of pronotal disk without median tooth. Tegmina
proportionately narrow, more lanceolate ; marginal field not equal to
one-half tegminal width at proximal third. Median and caudal
tibiae distinctly expanded or even lamellate proximad (except in
Frontinus dcgcerii and rarospinulosus).

B. Fastigium of the vertex produced cephalad of the facial fasti-
gium, rounded at the extremity ; facial fastigium acuminate,
narrower than the fastigium of the vertex. Pronotum with
lateral margins of disk elevated, crassly dentate. Stridulating
field of male tegmina with free margin sinuate. Cephalic tibiae
with foramina rimato-conchate on both faces. Median and
caudal tibiae compressed, decidedly lamellate in proximal half.

Cnemidophyllum new genus.
(Genotype: Posidippus lineatus Brunner.)

BB. Fastigii equally produced or the fastigium of the face pro-
jecting cephalad of that of the vertex, in width either subequal
or the facial fastigium twice as wide as that of the vertex, both
bituberculate. Pronotum with lateral margins not distinctly ele-
vated, finely crenulate. Stridulating field of male tegmina with
free margin arcuate. Cephalic tibiae with foramina rimato-
conchate on cephalic face and open on caudal face. Median and
caudal tibiae compressed, not decidedly lamellate.
C. Fastigii equally produced, in width subequal.

Frontinus Stal.
(Genotype: F. dcgecrii Stal.)

CC. Fastigium of the face projecting cephalad of that of the
vertex, the facial fastigium twice as wide as that of the ver-
tex, both bituberculate Steirodonopis Scudder.

(Genotype: S. bilobata Scudder.)

POSIDIPPUS Stal.
1874. Posidippus Stal, Recens. Orthopt, II, pp. 20, 45.

Genotype: Gryllus (Tcttigonia) citrifolius Linnaeus.

The restricted genus Posidippus certainly includes, in addi-
tion to the genotype, P. ralidtis Saussure and Zehntner, while
of the exact generic position of stali, dohnii and irregulariter-
dentatiis Brunner and barellus Pictet we cannot speak at pres-
ent, having examined no material of these forms, all of which
have been placed in Posidippus as generally understood.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 117

Posidippus citrifolius (Linnaeus).

1758. [Gryllus (Tcttinonia)] citrifolius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, p.

429. ["Indiis."]
1869. Stcirodon dcntifcrum Walker, Catal. Dermapt. Brit. Mus., II,

P- 391- [Unknown locality.]

Bogota, Colombia. Two females. [U. S. N. M.]

Chanchomayo, Peru. One male, one female. [A. N. S. P.]

Contamano, Rio Ucayali, Peru. X to XII, 1912. Two males.
[A. N. S. P.]

Porto Velho, Rio Madeira, Brazil. (Mann and Baker; M.
Bolton.) Two males. [A. N. S. P.]

Rio Una, forty-six miles south of Bahia, Brazil. (A. de La-
cerda.) One male. [M. C. Z.]

Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Three females. [Hebard
On.]

This specific name has been variously considered to belong
to members of three genera, i. e. Stcirodon, Peucestes and Pos-
idippus, but all question of the proper association of it should
be set at rest by Stal's examination of the Linnean material.
Regardless of the Roesel figure, quoted by Linnaeus, which
clearly represents a species of Peucestes, the testimony of Lin-
naeus' material, which belongs to Posidippus, as here under-
stood, is the measure of proof. The synonymy of dentiferum
is given on the authority of Kirby, who examined the Walk-
erian material and so associated it.

The material now before us shows the species has some
variation in the exact form of the free margin of the stridu-
lating field of the tegmina of the male and, as usual in the
group, in the exact number of the lateral marginal dentations
on the pronotum. There is also an appreciable, though slight,
amount of variation in the compression of the lateral pronotal
carinae. This latter feature is correlated with the degree of
concavity of the cephalic margin of the disk of the same.
These variations appear to be almost entirely individual.

The species is now known to range from the region of Bo-
gota to Surinam and eastern Brazil, south to eastern and cen-
tral Peru.

IlS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 'l/

Posidippus validus Saussure and Zehntner.

1898. Posidippus validus Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer.,
Orth., I, p. 373, pi. XVIII, figs. 10 and 11. [Chontales, Nica-
ragua.]

Panama. (Drs. G. W. and W. Nelson.) One male. [U. S. N.
M.]

Hacienda Cincinnati, Santa Marta, Colombia, 4000 to 5000
feet elevation. VII, 1913. (M. A. Carriker, Jr.) One female.
[Hebard Cm.]

These specimens are perfectly typical of validus, which is
readily separated by the characters given by Saussure and
Zehntner. The features of the stridulating field of the teg-
mina of the male we are unable to compare with citrifolius, as
the single available individual of that sex of validus has that
area broken. The present female is slightly under the original
measurements.

The species is seen to range from Nicaragua to northern
Colombia.

CNEMIDOPHYLLUM15 new genus.

1891. Posidippus Brunner, Verb. K.-k. Zool.-botan. Gesell. Wien XLI,
pp. 183, 184. (Part.)

Genotype : Posidippus lincatits Brunner.

Form compressed. Eyes ovato-globose in basal outline ; f as-
tigium of vertex narrow, compressed, produced, moderately
declivent, sulcate, rounded at apex ; fastigium of face cover-
ed by fastigium of vertex, very narrow. Pronotum with disk
concave ; cephalic margin non-dentate ; lateral margins mod-
erately elevated crasso-dentate ; disk expanding in width cau-
dad. Tegmina lanceolate ; sutural margin straight for the
greater portion of its length ; marginal field equal to two-fifths
of the total tegminal width ; stridulating field of male broad,
free margin sinuate, stridulating vein robust, elongate. Cephalic
femora with four spines on vcntro-cephalic margin ; cephalic
tibiae inflated proximad, foramina rimato-conchate on both
faces ; median tibiae greatly compressed and lamellate expand-
ed on proximal half, margins of expansion spined. Caudal
femora simple, ventral margins spined ; caudal tibiae greatly

lj From Kvrjfu<; greaves and 6v\\ov leaf.

Vol. XXVliiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119

compressed and lamellate expanded on proximal one-half, mar-
gins of expansion spined. Mesosternal lobes acute-angulate.
Metasternal lobes broadly rounded acute-angulate.

This genus includes, as far as we know, only the genotypic
species. Its form is very striking and it is clearly denned from
Posidippus, as well as from the aberrant genera Front inns and
Steirodonopis.

Cnemidophyllum lineatum (Brunner). Plate X, figs. 5, 8 and 9.
1891. Posidippus lincatits Brunner, Verhandl. K.-k. Zool.-botan. Ge-
sell. Wien, XLI, pp. 183, 184. [Upper Amazons.]

Contamano, Rio Ucayali, Peru. X to XII, 1912. One male.
[A. N. S. P.]

This remarkable species has been sufficiently described by
Brunner, than whose type our individual is slightly smaller.
As the present specimen has been dried from alcohol it has lost
all its original coloration, excepting the dark markings, which
are distinctly indicated and disposed as described by Brunner.
The minute striolations of the tegmina are also very faintly
indicated.

The species is known only from the two records.

FRONTINUS Stal.
1874. Prontinus Stal, Recens. Orthopt., II, pp. 20, 46.

Genotype : Frontinus degeerii Stal.

We feel that no useful purpose is served in longer retaining
within the genus Posidippus, the well denned species which
constitute this and the following groups. In detailed charac-
ters they are as clearly denned as any of the allied genera,
while their general appearance is so distinct they are easily
recognized. The policy of Brunner was to consider them
members of Posidippus.

From the related Steirodonopis, Stal's genus can be readily
separated by the fastigii being sub-equal in width and length,
while (in degeerii at least) the stridulating field of the male
tegmina is broad and extensive, with the stridulating vein
heavy, arcuate and sub-transverse. This genus includes raro-
spinulosns Brunner in addition to the genotypic species.

Frontinus degeerii Stal. Plate X, fig. 11.

1874. J'ronliinis degeerii Stal, Recens. Orthopt., II, p. 46. [Surinam.]

I2O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

Costa Rica. (C. F. Underwood.) One male. [Hebard Cln.]
This specimen fits the description of degeerii more closely
than it does that of the allied rarospinulosus, but the acquisi-
tion of Guianan material may show it to be different. Unfor-
tunately at this writing no topotypic material is available.
This is the first Central American record of a species of this

genus.

STEIRODONOPIS Scudder.

1875. Steirodonopis Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII,
P- 259.

Genotype : Steirodonopis bilobata Scudder.

An examination of the unique type of Scudder's species en-
ables us to associate his genus, which was ignored by some Eu-
ropean students of this group. Quite evidently his work was
done well within the year 1874, as the paper containing it was
presented for publication December i6th, of that year. How-
ever, the date of actual publication of Scudder's genus is
March, 1875.

From Frontinus the present genus can be very easily distin^
guished by the frontal fastigium being twice as wide as the
fastigium of the vertex, the former projecting cephalad of
the latter, while the stridulating field of the male tegmina is
narrow, with the stridulating vein weak, nearly straight and
oblique. In addition to bilobata, the genus contains brunnen
Bolivar, which, however, may be identical with Scudder's spe-
cies.

Steirodonopis bilobata (Scudder). Plate X, fig. 10.

1875. Steirodonopis bilobala Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,

XVII, p. 260. [Peruvian Maranon.]
1878. P[osidippus] fastigiosus Brunner, Monogr. der Phaneropt, p.

37°- [Quito, Ecuador.]16
1915. Stcirodonopsis (sic) scuddcri Bruner, Ann. Carneg. Mus., IX,

P- 31?- [Province of Sara, Bolivia.]

1U Doubtless Quito was the point from which the specimen was re-
ceived, although there is no doubt in our minds but that, along with
birds and other natural objects, it was brought to Quito from the east-
ern part (Oriente) of Ecuador, or an adjacent portion of Peru or
Colombia. Bogota, Colombia, served for many years as such a dis-
tributing point for bird skins, as is well known to students of South
American birds. Our opinion as to the true original locality of the
typical material is re-enforced by Brunner's latest reference to material
of the species from the upper Amazons.

Vol. XXVlii j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 121

Bartica, British Guiana. II, 12, 1913. (H. S. Parish.) One
male. [A. N. S. P.]

Peruvian Maranon. One male, type. [M. C. Z.]

Chanchomayo, Peru, 1000 meters elevation (two specimens.)
Two with no date; others II and V, 1910. Three males, t\v<>
females. [A. N. S. P.]

As we have said above, the type of Scudder's species is be-
fore us, a unique male, and there is no doubt in our minds as
to the synonymy of Brunner's fastigiosus. Brunner's Sleiro-
donopsis (sic) scudderi, from the Province of Sara, Bolivia,
appears to us to be only a small specimen of bilobata ; in fact,
the Bartica male here recorded is but faintly larger than his
measurements. The material before us would fully fit his de-
scription. Regarding Bolivar's Posidippus brunncri1' we can-
not speak with such certainty, as the description is not as con-
clusive. It is certainly very close, if not identical, with the
present species.

The number of spines on the dorsal margins of the median
tibiae vary considerably in this species, often greatly on the
two limbs of the same individual. Our specimens show the

following count :

Dorso-cephalic Dorso-caudal

margin margin

3 4

$ Bartica, British Guiana

j o

$ Peruvian Maranon, type

other tibia missing

£ Chanchomayo, Peru

$ Chanchomayo, Peru

5 6

$ Chanchomayo, Peru

I 6

The range of the species is almost covered by the records
given above. The previous records were all from the upper
Amazonian region, except the certainly erroneous Quito one,
upon which we have already commented, and B rimer's records
of the synonymic scudderi and fastigiosus from the Province
of Sara, Bolivia.

"An. Soc. Espaii. Hist. Nat, X, p. 484 (1881). [Napo, Ecuador.]

122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.
Stridulating field of the sinistral tegmen of male (x 2).

Fig. i — Stilpnochlora marginella (Serville). Cayenne.

Fig. 2 — Stilpnochlora couloniana (Saussure). Santiago, Cuba.

Fig. 3 — Stilpnochlora quadrata (Scudder). Jimenez, western Co-
lombia.

Fig. 4 — Stilpnochlora laurifolium (Linnaeus). Cinchona, Jamaica.

Fig. 5 — C'ncinidophyllum lincatum (Brunner). Contamano, Rio Uca-
yali, Peru.
Lateral outline of tegmen of male (x 1^2).

Fig. 6 — Stilpnochlora quadrata (Scudder). Cauca, Colombia.

Fig. 7 — Stilpnochlora couloniana (Saussure). Santiago, Cuba.

Fig. 8 — C'ncmidophylluin lincatum (Brunner). Lateral view of male.

Contamano, Ucayali, Peru (x i%).
Fig. 9 — CncinidopJiyllum lincatum (Brunner). Lateral view of fasti-

gium of male. (Greatly enlarged.) a — base of antennae.
Fig. 10 — Stcirodonopis bilobata Scudder. Dorsal outline of fastigii.

Male. (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. ii — Frontinus dcyccrii Stal. Dorsal outline of fastigii. Male.

(Greatly enlarged.)

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Dr. John W. Harshberger, Professor of Botany in the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, has just published an attractive volume,
"The Vegetation of the New Jersey Pine-Barrens An Ecologic In-
vestigation" (Philadelphia, Christopher Sower Co., 1916. 8vo., pp. xi,
329. 284 figs., folding map). This is, of course, essentially a botanical
work, which supplements Stone's "The Plants of Southern New Jersey,"
issued in 1911 by the New Jersey State Museum, "including only that
which has not been mentioned by Stone, or in a very casual and un-
emphatic way." Although there are three pages of "Notes on a few
insect galls of the pine barrens," Dr. Harshberger's book will be chiefly
of interest to entomologists in the vegetative background which it
furnishes for the study of the rich insect fauna of New Jersey.

Data on the Far Southwestern States Wanted (Lep.).

The Entomological Department of the Southwest Museum (Los
Angeles, California) is engaged in the compilation of a check list of
diurnal Lepidoptera occurring in the Southwest. The territory in-
cludes Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and California. It is planned
particularly to secure definite data as to the exact locality of occur-
rence and month of greatest abundance of all the rarer and more lo-
calized forms, namely those which are restricted in range.

With this list it is also planned, if possible, to include a directory of
Entomologists residing in the four States named.

The Museum will appreciate data from all collectors having material
from the territory in question. Communicate with DR. JOHN COM-
STOCK, 1275 Bellevue Avenue, Los Angeles, or with the Entomological
Department, Southwest Museum, Avenue 46 and Marmion Way, LOS
Angeles, California.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate X.

i.— Stilpnochlora marginella.
2- — couloniana.

3-— quadrata.

4. — laurifoliutn.

GIANT KATYDIDS-REHN.

5. — Cnemidophyllum lineatum. g. — Cnemidophyllum lineatum.

6. — Stilpnochlora quadrata. 10. — Steirodonopsis bilpbata.

7. — couloniana. n. — Frontinus degeerii.

•8.— Cnemidophyllum lineatum.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123

New North American species of Dolichopodidae (Dip.).

By M. C. VANDUZEE, Buffalo, New York.

Key to the North American Species of Mcsorhaga.

1 Femora wholly yellow ; (females) 5

Femora more or less black 2

2 All tibiae and tarsi black or brown (fore pair somewhat yellowish

in the females) nigripes Aid.

Tibiae yellow (males) 3

3 Hypopygium with small yellow appendages albiciliata Aid.

Hypopygial appendages fully one-third as long as the hypopy-

gium 4

4 Fore and middle femora black or green but yellow at base and

tip caudata V. D.

Fore femora wholly yellow, middle femora black at base on the

lower side varipes sp. nov.

5 All coxae black albiciliata Aid.

Fore coxae yellow 6

6 Bristles of the thorax mostly pale, hairs of abdomen pale

townsendii Aid.
Bristles of the thorax and hairs on the base of the abdomen

above black borealis Aid.

Mesorhaga varipes sp. nov.

$ . Length 4 mm. Face and front green, the former broad with thick
coarse white pollen which almost conceals the ground color in some
lights; antennae black, bristles of second joint yellowish; ocellar bristles
black with a bunch of small pale hairs back of them; a few long yel-
lowish bristly hairs on each side at the upper corners of the eyes ; a
few of the orbital cilia at the upper corner of the eye long and black-
ish, lower orbital cilia white.

Thorax blue-green; pleurae with white pollen; bristles on the anterior
portion of the dorsum blackish, those on the posterior part and the four
on the margin of the scutellum yellowish.

Abdomen blue-green, its incisures very narrowly yellow ; hairs on the
dorsum of the abdomen short and yellow, those on the venter long and
white; hypopygium and its appendages shining black, the latter long and
fringed with short pale hairs.

Coxae black or green with white pollen; fore pair with long white
hairs on the front surface; tips of coxae and the trochantcrs yellow;
fore femora wholly yellow; middle femora with a black streak below
from the base to about the middle; hind femora black with yellow tips;
all femora with long white hairs below; tibiae yellow, the tips of the
hind pair a little brownish ; tarsi infuscated from the tip of the first

124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

joint; fore metatarsi three-fourths as long as their tibiae and longer
than the remaining four joints together; middle metatarsi about four-
fifths as long as their tibiae and one and one-fourth times as long as the
remaining four joints.

Knob of the halteres yellow, stem brown ; tegulae white with black tips
and long white cilia. Wings nearly hyaline; costa rather thick and
black from the tip of the first vein ; veins yellowish at the root of the
wing.

Described from two males taken at Eastham, Massachu-
setts, June 27th, by C. W. Johnson. Type in the collection of
the Boston Society of Natural History.

Mesorhaga nigripes Aid.

Two females and four males that seem to belong to this
species are in the Cornell University material sent me for
study. They come from Blue Lake. Humboldt County, Cali-
fornia, and were taken by J. C. Bradley.

Prof. Aldrich described this species from females. I give
the characters of the male below. The females differ from his
description only in having .all the tibiae and tarsi uniformly
brown, and there is a small black bristle at the upper corner of
the eye not mentioned by him.

$ . Hypopygium rather long, shining black, with a few long hairs on
the outer or dorsal surface; appendages becoming more yellowish
towards the apex, rather thick and tipped with two stout, black bristles.
Femora ciliate below with long white hairs, these hairs as long as the
thickness of the femora; in the female these hairs are much shorter,
less than one-half the thickness of the femora. Third antennal joint
rounded at tip, about as long as wide, second joint with a very long
stout bristle below; in the female the antennae are formed about as in
the male and of nearly the same size, but the bristles of the second
joint are much smaller. The fore and middle metatarsi of both sexes
are nearly as long as the four remaining joints.

Table of Males of the North American Species of Campsicnemus.

1 Middle tibiae not or but little incrassated 2

Middle tibiae incrassated at least at base 4

2 Middle tibiae yellow, not flattened degener \\"h.

Middle tibiae mostly or wholly black and somewhat flattened.... 3

3 Femora mostly yellow arcuatus sp. nov.

Femora mostly black nigripes sp. nov.

Vol. xxviii ]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

125

4 Middle tibiae thickened only near the base hirtipes Loew.

Middle tibiae incrassated throughout

5 Middle tibiae with a pedunculated knob near their apices. .

philoctetes Wh.
Middle tibiae without a knob 6

6 Middle tibiae entirely black oedipus Wh.

Middle tibiae in large part yellow 7

7 Middle metatarsi bent semicircularly thersites Wh.

Middle metatarsi not strongly curved claudicans Loew.

Campsicnemus arcuatus sp. nov. (Fig. 1).

$ . Length 2 mm., of wing 2.5 mm. Face narrow above, wider below,
covered with dark yellowish brown pollen; front shining black; an-
tennae black, third joint larger than wide, rounded at tip.

Thorax shining black on the dorsum with purple reflections and an
obscure green vitta visible on the posterior part. Scutellum bluish
black with a reddish border; it has one pair of large bristles and be-
tween these are six hairs on the margin. Abdomen dull black ; hy-
popygium concealed.

Fig. i.— Tibia and metatarsus of middle leg of Campsicnemus arcuatus sp. nov.
Fig. 2.— First and second joints of middle tarsus of C. nignpes sp. nov.
Fig. 3 — Wing of Liancalus hydrophilus Aid.
Fig. 4.— Wing of L. limbatus sp. nov.

Fore coxae yellow with silvery pollen and minute black hairs on the
front surface; middle and hind cox?e black; all femora yellow, the fore
pair a little blackened at base ; middle pair narrowed near the apex;
fore and hind tibiae blackened at tip for one-third their length, also
somewhat darkened at base, more yellowish in middle: middle tibiae
narrowed and briefly yellow at base, the remainder dull black, some-
what flattened, strongly and evenly arcuate, fringed with long delicate
hairs above, these hairs curled at their tips; middle metatarsi curved
upwards and with a stout sharp spur at tip (Fig. i).

126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

Tegulae brownish with black cilia; knob of halter es yellow. Wings
dark grayish with black veins.

Described from one male taken at Victor, Colorado, June
nth, at an elevation at 9800 feet. Type in the author's collec-
tion.

Campsicnemus nigripes sp. nov. (Fig. 2).

$ . Length 2 mm., of wing 2.5 mm. Face narrow with nearly paral-
lel sides, covered with yellowish brown pollen which is darkened on the
upper portion of the face; front black; antennae black, third joint longer
than wide, rounded at tip.

Thorax shining black with a trace of a green vitta on the posterior
part; scutellum bluish black with a few delicate hairs on the margin (if
there have been bristles on the margin, as no doubt there have been,
they have been broken off). Abdomen black with green reflections.

Coxae and legs altogether black, except the tips of the middle femora
which are yellowish ; the four hinder femora ciliated with short stout
hairs below; middle tibise long, flattened, with a few rather long
bristles above; middle metatarsi (Fig. 2) slightly arched with a large
subquadrate ending which has a spur-like projection at one corner; the
second joint is attached at the base of this quadrate ending; on the con-
cave side the metatarsi are fringed with little bristles or hairs which are
about as long as the thickness of the joint and two longer bristles near
the base.

Tegulae and their cilia brown; halteres dark yellowish brown. Wings
dark grayish ; veins black.

Described from one male taken at Sacramento, California,
June 4th. Type in the author's collection.

Table of Males of the North American species of Liancahts.

1 First joint of fore tarsi shortened 2

Second joint of fore tarsi shortened 3

2 Last three joints of fore tarsi of nearly equal length., similis Aid.
Third joint of fore tarsi as long as fourth and fifth together.

querulus O. S.

3 The opaque white spot at the tip of the wing circular.

genualis Loew.
The opaque white spot at apex of wing oval or semicircular 4

4 Wing deeply excised back of fourth vein and with two bristle-

like pencils of hairs one either side of the excision

(Fig. 3) hydrophilus Aid.

Wings deeply excised back of fourth vein but without the pencils

of hairs, (Fig. 4) limbatus sp. nov.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127

Liancalus hydrophilus Aid. (Fig. 3).

I took a single male of this species at Colorado Springs. It
was resting on rocks over which water was trickling, in South
Cheyenne Canon. It measures but 7 mm. in length, which is
about 2 mm. less than Prof. Aldrich's type specimens from the
Black Hills, South Dakota, but the length of the wing is 7 mm.,
while the wings of his measured 7.5 mm. The knees of this
specimen are distinctly but narrowly yellow. The other char-
acters are as he gives them (Psyche, Vol. 6, p. 569). The
drawing of the wing is from my specimen (Fig. 3).

Liancalus limbatus sp. nov. (Fig. 4).

$ . Length 9 mm., of wing 7.5 mm. Face bright green with silvery
pollen which is quite thick along the orbits, divided a little below the
middle by a transverse ridge; palpi thickly covered with silvery pollen
and with small black hairs; proboscis dark brown; antennae black, third
joint only a little longer than wide, somewhat triangular; front dark
greenish gray with a little white pollen ; ocelli placed on a small brown
spot; the black orbital cilia extending down to about the middle of the
eye ; below these are a few fine white cilia which are difficult to distin-
guish from the long yellowish hairs which cover the lower half of the
occiput; the two post-vertical bristles are prominent but not very large.

Thorax bright metallic green with four golden-green vittae, the outer
ones broken at the suture; thorax quite thickly covered with white pol-
len which is almost invisible in certain lights; a single row of acrosti-
chal bristles; six dorsocentrals on each side; bristles of the thorax in-
serted in minute black dots; metanotum green with white pollen; scu-
tellum with six marginal bristles.

Abdomen green but so thickly covered with pollen as to appear whit-
ish in certain lights; base of second and hind margin of second to fifth
segments brown, which color extends forward along the center of the
dorsum and reaches the base on the second and fourth segments: this
brown color is due to pollen and the shining green ground color shows
through it in certain lights ; sixth segment green ; abdomen with minute
black hairs and more abundant and longer fine yellowish hairs, those on
the sides and on the first segment longest; first segment with a few
slender black bristles near the hind margin above ; hypopygium mostly
brown with two flattened filiments which are sparsely fringed with pule
hairs and are two-thirds as long as the abdomen.

Fore coxae green with white pollen and fine white hairs on the front
surface and two small black bristles near the tip ; middle and hind coxae
more blackish; legs green; knees slightly yellowish; tarsi black; fore
tarsi with the first joint long, second joint only a little longer than widr,
slightly dilated and fringed below with short bristles as in (icnuitlis and
hydrophilus, third joint longer than fourth.

128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

Tegulse white with sharply defined yellow border and yellowish cilia;
halteres yellow. Wings hyaline with brown clouds, one bordering the
costa faint from the tip of the first vein to the tip of second vein more
distinct from there to the apex of the wing, one along the second and
third veins filling the cell between them except in outer part, one on last
section of fifth vein; also a brown streak between third and fourth
veins which has the appearance of a spurious vein; this streak is bent
and has a cloud extending forward at about its first third ; tip of wing
dark brown with a somewhat semicircular opaque white spot at apex,
this spot extending nearly from the tip of the third vein to the tip of
the fourth vein; third vein ending in the apex of the wing; fourth vein
a little angulated at the cross vein; there is a very small square cell at
the inner angle of fifth vein and cross-vein; this cell is not quite com-
plete in the right wing from which the drawing was made but is perfect
in the left wing; cell between first vein and costa yellowish.

9. Face and front with yellowish brown pollen; vittse of thorax
more coppery; a few stout black bristles near the hind margin of the
third abdominal segment towards the sides; feet simple; wings simple
with a large brown cloud on fourth vein before the cross-vein on last
section of fifth vein and along the costa from tip of second vein to apex
of wing.

Described from one male and one female taken at Berkeley,
California, May 8th, on a wall of rock in a little canyon ; the
rock was covered with water-soaked moss. Type in the au-
thor's collection.

This species is very much like the European species inrens
Scop., but I think it is distinct. I have not seen vircns, but Dr.
Lundbeck has a drawing of the wing of that species, which
does not show the deep emargination back of the fourth vein,
nor does he mention it in his description, and he does not
show any cloud on last section of fifth vein. The little cell at
the inner angle of the fifth vein and the cross-vein in the male
of L. I'unbot'.is do not appear in his figure. This cell may not
be a constant character, but only accidental.

Photographs Received for the Album of the American Entomologi-
cal Society.

During the year 1916 photographs for the Album were received and
acknowledged from the following, and the members of the Society
wish again to thank the donors for their gifts, which are much appre-
ciated :

Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson, J. R. Malloch, F. Haimbach, M. S.
Royal, of India, and Louis Laplace.

Vol. XXviii"] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I2Q

Notes on some Buprestidae of Northern Califor-
nia (Col.).

By W. J. CHAMBERLIN, Forest Entomologist, Oregon State Col-
lege, Corvallis, Oregon.

This paper is the result of observations and collections made
during two summers spent in northern California. The sum-
mer of 1915 was spent at Weed, a small lumbering town in
Siskiyou County, at the base of Mt. Shasta. The general ele-
vation surrounding Weed is 4500 feet. The summer of 1916
was spent in Siskiyou, Del Norte, Humboldt and Mendocino
Counties of California.

Regarding the species taken at Weed it might be well to men-
tion that there are from 50 to 60 cars of logs brought in daily
from the Trinity Mountains, some thirty miles distant. It is
probable that the majority of the forest insects are brought in
with this timber, though undoubtedly some are attracted from
the surrounding territory by the odor of fresh pine.

Buprestids were by far the most numerous beetles occur-
ring in the vicinity of Weed and over 450 specimens were taken
at odd times during a six weeks' stay.

1. Chalcophora angulicollis Lee.

Twenty-six specimens of this species were taken at Weed
in 1915. The majority were captured resting in the bright
sunshine, on buildings, telephone poles, on the wooden side-
walks and a few were taken while in flight. No less than ten
specimens were taken on piled lumber. They attract attention
by the rasping sound made in flight and are easily captured in
the hand. They seem to be attracted by moving objects and
will often alight on horses, moving wagons, or on man.

This species is common all over the northern half of the
State, breeding in yellow pine, Douglas fir, white and grand
fir.

2. Dicerca prolongata Lee.

This species has been taken by Dr. Van Dyke on Populns
trichocarpa in Trinity County, California, and on Populus
trenndoidcs at Lake Tahoe. It breeds in P. trichocarpa and
doubtless in P. tremuloides also.

130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

3. Dicerca sexulis Cr.

This is one of the handsomest species of the genus and is
found throughout the northern part of the State. I have taken
it from Douglas fir, which seems to be its principal host plant ;
also from yellow pine. Dr. Van Dyke has taken it from
knobcone pine at McCloud, in June, 1914. I have taken speci-
mens emerging from Douglas fir on April 4, at an elevation of
3500 feet in the Santiam National Forest of Oregon.

4. Dicerca tenebrosa Kirby.

Of this species Dr. Van Dyke writes as follows :
Have found the western phase of this species about Fallen Leaf Lake,
Lake Tahoe, in July, 1915, on dead lodge pole pine, in which it no doubt
breeds. It probably extends south through the Cascade-Sierra range in
the lodge pole pine belt.

I have never encountered this species in California, but in
the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon it is the most common
member of the genus and breeds in both Pinus ponderosa and
P. contorta. Near Klamath Falls, Oregon, it was taken from
Abies concolor.

5. Dicerca hornii Cr.

This species breeds in Alnus and Ceanothns in most coun-
ties of northern California. It is quite common locally at cer-
tain periods.

6. Dicerca pecterosa Lee.

This rare species was taken by Dr. Van Dyke at Lake Tahoe
in July, 1915. In Oregon it breeds in peach, and I have taken
it on the lodge pole pine in Grant County, Oregon.

7. Trachykele opulenta Fall.

I quote from Dr. Van Dyke on the two species of this genus :
A number of brilliantly green specimens of Trachykele were beaten
from the alpine juniper on the ridge above Lake Tahoe, during July,
IQIS. by Ralph Hopping, E. P. Van D'uzee and myself. Many borings in
dead juniper limbs were also observed which were no doubt due to this
species. This species, I have generally been considering as Fall's opu-
lenta, though it may be true blond ell Mars, about which there has been
so much uncertainty. It is quite similar to other specimens which I
have from Seattle, Washington, where it no doubt lives on Thuja pli-
cata, from Shasta County, California, in the territory of Sargent cy-
press in Marin County. In the southern Sierras, this species is also

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

found but another green one is also found there. This last is probably
the true opulenta Fall.

The author has taken one specimen from the sapwood of
Lebocedras dccurrens.

S. Trachykele nebulosa Fall.

"One specimen taken at Carrville, Trinity County, Califor-
nia, in July, 1913. Others were taken about Lake Tahoe from
Abies concolor by Hopping, Van Duzee and myself. It breeds
in Abies concolor and A. magnified as specimens have been
taken emerging." Both species of this genus undoubtedly oc-
cur in favorable localities throughout the northern part of the
State. They have been taken at Corvallis, Oregon, and also
in Western Washington.

9. Poecilonata cyanipes var. ferrea Mels.

This species is found throughout the northern part of the
State and probably breeds in all the poplars and willows. I
have dug adults from P. trcmuloides and P. trichocarpa in
Humboldt County.

10. Buprestis gibbsii Lee.

Not common ; found occasionally on oak and poplar in which
they probably breed. One specimen taken at Garberville, Hum-
boldt County, California, August, 1916. Found in Sonoma
County, by Rivers ; at Nevada City and Lake Ellann, Tuolumne
County, by Van Dyke. May breed in Oucrcns.

11. Buprestis connexa Horn.

This rare and beautiful species is never found in numbers
in any locality. Three specimens were captured. The first
specimen was taken July 18 from the sapwood of yellow pine
(P. ponderosa], fully mature and would doubtless have emerg-
ed in a few days. The gallery traversed the cambium for
some distance, winding around in a very irregular pattern,
then entered the sapwood to a depth of two inches. The pupal
cell was just within the sapwood. The second specimen was
taken on the 28th of July, resting on the foliage of yellow pine
with numbers of B. rustic orum. The last specimen was found
embedded in pitch on the end of a yellow pine log.

132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

12. Buprestis laeviventris Lee.

This was the most numerous species encountered. Out of
116 specimens taken only 8 were taken on the freshly cut
logs. They seem to have a preference for old dry logs and
poles without bark. Many were taken on railroad ties and
in the dust along the road. This is the only species I have
ever encountered which deposits its eggs in or on logs where
there is no bark. I observed one individual deposit eggs in
the weather checks in the end of an old dry log. How the
young larvae were to enter a seasoned pine log and live is a
mystery. On another occasion a female deposited her eggs
in a small check on the side of a pine log. The place selected
was destitute of bark, though less than six inches away the
bark was still on the log.

The specimens taken show a great variety of patterns on
the elytra, varying from a few faint spots of yellow on the
black background to great splotches, which cover over one-
half the surface. The basic color varies from a shiny black
to an iridescent green. The length ranges from 15 mm. to
23.5 mm.

13. Buprestis rusticorum Kirby.

This species was found rather abundantly in certain situ-
ations. Out of 79 specimens collected, 63 were taken feed-
ing on the needles of Piinis ponderosa. Many were observed
copulating during August and were easily captured by holding
a cyanide bottle or other receptacle under them and jarring
the limb or twig. When thus disturbed they fold their appen-
dages and drop to the ground. It is not easy to detect them
here as they immediately crawl into the grass, under twigs,
rocks, or into any convenient hiding place. Another favorite
resting place is the sawdust fills. Many were observed crawl-
ing around through the coarse sawdust and debris. Breeds in
yellow pine and Douglas fir, and occurs in all the northern
counties.

14. Buprestis langii Mann.

This is undoubtedly the female of Buprestis fasciata. A
single specimen was taken in flight, July 7, 1915. Dr. Van

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 133

Dyke has authentic records of this species being dug from its
pupal cells in Douglas fir. It is very probable that it also
breeds in yellow pine. They are often seen on the bright green
leaves of the poplars and willows, seeking these resting places
because of the protection they afford.

15. Buprestis lauta Lee. (B. amlenta Linn.)

Probably one of the most common species from Canada to
Southern California. This species breeds in Douglas fir,
yellow, lodge pole, sugar and Monterey pine, and western red
cedar. The last named host is an Oregon record, the author
having dug an adult male from a fallen Thuja pllcata log on
the Coast Mountains in April, 1914.

16. Buprestis confluens Say.

This is ordinarily a Great Basin species, but Dr. Van Dyke
states that it has been taken in the vicinity of Lake Tahoe,
California, on one or two occasions. Breeds in poplar.

17. Buprestis adjecta.

One taken on an electric light pole July 20, 1915, at Weed.
Occurs from Washington to Tulare County, California. Prob-
ably breeds in yellow, Jeffrey and lodge pole pine.

18. Melanophila consputa Lee.

This species was very numerous and caused considerable an-
noyance to the men employed about the mill pond by alighting
on the neck, hands and arms and biting. Most of the 78 spec-
imens gathered were taken resting on the logs floating in the
mill pond, though some were secured from the stacks of cord
wood. A most variable species ; in markings it varies from sol-
id black to dull bronze and may have from two to fourteen
bright or dull yellow spots on the elytra. In size it ranges
from 4.5 mm. to 14.75 mm- m length, and from 2 mm. to 5.4
mm. in width. The females are larger than the males, as in
most species of this family. Breeds in yellow pine.

I1.). Melanophila longipes Say (acnminata De G.)

Twenty-four specimens of this species were taken about
the log pond. They were even more of a nuisance than M.
consputa. Their bite is not just what one would call agree-

134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

able and they cause considerable profanity to float out on the
otherwise pure air. Breeds in yellow pine, Douglas fir and
the true firs (Abies).

20. Melanophila atropurpurea Say.*

I have assigned thirteen specimens, taken at Weed, to this
species. I must confess, however, that the difference existing
between M. lomjipcs, M. acuminata and M. atropurpurea is
almost nil in my judgment. The separation I have made is
based on the shape of the prothorax and the difference here
grades from one extreme to the other until it is a mere guess
where one species stops and another begins. Statements un-
der M. longipes apply to the species also.

21. Melanophila drummondi.

Less common in California than in Oregon. Breeds freely
in Douglas fir, grand fir (Abies grandis} and to some extent
in yellow pine.

22. Melanophila gentilis Lee.

This beautiful species was not uncommon, but was rather
more active than any of the others and a capture of two speci-
mens out of every five was a good record. Thirty-six speci-
mens were taken; fully one-half of these were taken from the
bark or debris on the cars after the logs were unloaded. This
species, like Chalcophora angulicollis, will rest immovable for
hours where they are exposed to the direct rays of the boiling
sunshine. In cloudy weather neither species is seen. I find
my specimens collected in California are slightly larger and
less bright in color than specimens collected by Professor
Wickham in Arizona. Breeds in yellow pine. Ralph Hopping
states that it also breeds in P. lambertiana.

23. Melanophila sp.

A peculiar Melanophila, which Dr. Van Dyke believes is a
western form of M. pini-ednlis Burke, was taken by him at
Carrville, Trinity County, California, in July, 1913, and at Mc-
Cloud. Siskiyou County, in July, 1914, on yellow pine.

*It is possible that the true atropurpurea was not taken and the
specimens here mentioned are mere phases of M. lonyipcs.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135

24. Anthaxia aeneogaster Lap.

Three specimens of this tiny Buprestid were secured. A
pair in copulation was taken on the flowers of the pearly
everlasting (Antennaria sp.?} and a single female on the dan-
delion (Taraxacum officinale Web.). Dr. Van Dyke has rear-
ed specimens from redwood and knobcone pine, and I have
reared it from lodge pole pine. It undoubtedly breeds in yel-
low pine, and has been reported from certain broad leaf trees.

25. Anthaxia deleta Lee.

Dr. Van Dyke finds this species common about willows at
times. Across the line in Oregon it is taken commonly on
blossoms in the yellow pine belt.

26. Anthaxia sublaevis Van Dyke. One specimen taken in Siskiyou

County, and others in Tuolumne County, California.

27. Chrysobothris femorata Fab. Found throughout the State on

oak.

28. Chrysobothris contigua Lee.

This little Chrysobothris was not at all common ; five speci-
mens were taken on yellow pine slabwood. They are decided-
ly more active than most of the other members of this genus.
Breeds in smaller limbs of yellow pine.

29. Chrysobothris dentipes Germ.

Doctor Horn in his monograph mentions the fact that he has
never seen this species from California. I believe it is com-
mon in the northern half of the State. Its large size attracts
attention at once. Though only 8 specimens were captured at
Weed, many more were seen, but unfortunately they were
observed at times when it was impossible to capture them.
Breeds in P. ponderosa.

30. Chrysobothris californica Lee.

Dr. Van Dyke gives me the following information concern-
ing this species :

One specimen, Castella, California, (in Blaisdell collection) and two
from Nevada County, California (Van Dyke collection); nothing is
known of the biology of this rare species.

;u. Chrysobothris caurina Horn.

This was by far the most common species of the genus found

136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 'i/

during the summer. Forty-six specimens were taken. They
are very uniform in color and sculpture. Most of the speci-
mens were taken on logs floating in the mill pond. Dr. Van
Dyke says of this species : "Probably the most common yel-
low pine Chrysobothris we have in northern California and
eastern Oregon. Farther south in California it becomes scarcer,
its place being taken by C. monticolac Fall. Undoubtedly
breeds in yellow pine."

32. Chrysobothris monticolae Fall.

The species has a more delicate color than most of our
other western species. It tends towards a lilac, sometimes
hinting at a rose tint and in nature has more or less of a white
powdery coating which, however, is easily removed by care-
less handling. Two specimens, July and August. Breeds in
lodge pole pine.

Weed is about 200 miles northwest of Lake Tahoe, which is
the most northern point hitherto recorded for this species.

33. Chrysobothris dolata Horn.

Two females were taken at Weed in July. Four specimens
of this species were taken in Grant County, Oregon, in July,
1914; three are females and the fourth a male. A close study
of the six specimens at my disposal shows a wide variation and
may possibly include more than one species. The five females
exhibit four different forms, which will be more readily under-
stood from the figures than from a printed description. Figure
i is the clypeus of var A., Fig. 10 is the thorax of the same
specimen ; 2 and 2.0, are clypeus and thorax of var B., etc. Aside
from the variation in clypeus and thorax there is little differ-
ence in the specimens. The antennae of I and 4 are dark
cupreous, while 2 and 3 are green ; i shows no callosites on
the front ; i and 3 are not as densely pubescent as 2 and 4.
All show the same sculpture and all are of an iridescent violet
color beneath. The prosternum of number 4 is a little more
coarsely and deeply punctured than the others. Numbers 2
and 4 are from eastern Oregon, while numbers i and 3 are
from Weed, California.

As far as I am aware there has never been published a

Vol. xxviiil

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

137

description of the male of C. dolata, which I believe is almost
unknown. The following description is made from a single
male collected by the author in the Blue Mountains of eastern
Oregon, July, 1914:

$ . Has the general appearance of the female as described by Horn.
Thorax a little more angulated. Color beneath iridescent, reddish
purple, antennae dark purple, basal joints slightly greenish, much
heavier and with less taper than the female and the last four joints
have a squarish appearance, third joint about as long as next two, not

1

Chrysobothris dolata Horn.— Figs, i to 4.— Clypei of females. Figs. ia to 40.— Thoraces
of females. Fig. 5.— Last ventral segment of male. Fig. 6.— Anterior tibia of male.

138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., 'l7

longer. Front as described by Horn, slightly pubescent, clypeus with a
triangular oval emargination at middle, arcuate on each side. (This is.
exactly as Horn describes the female). I find that the clypeus of the
females varies considerably in all specimens I have seen but is usually
as shown in Figures I and 2. Thorax more angulated than one would
surmise from Horn's description, though fitting his figure admirably;
two depressions each side of middle and a third one near the margin,
center (I fail to find the crescentic or oblique depressions of Dr. Horn)
coarsely punctured, the punctures running together transversely, giving
a strigilated appearance. Elytra same as female, prosternum not lobed,
coarsely and closely punctate, margin of last ventral (Fig. 5) serrate;
tip deeply, semi-circularly emarginate, the emargination deeper than
wide. Anterior tibia dilated at end as shown in Fig. 6. Length 13 mm.

A single male taken in Grant County, Oregon, July 21, 1914,
on lodge pole pine (P. contorta). This species probably breeds
in P. contorta, P. lambertiana and P. ponderosa.

34. Chrysobothris pseudotsugae Van Dyke.

One specimen taken in August. This species bears a close
resemblance to C. caurina, but is smaller and darker. The
prosternum being lobed will at once separate it from caurina.
Taken on Abies grand is, grand fir, at Weed, August u, 1915.
Hopping has taken this species from P. ponderosa.

35. Chrysobothris laricis Van Dyke.

This species described from a series collected by the author
in eastern Oregon on larch and lodge pole pine, and has been
taken in the lodge pole pine belt above Lake Tahoe and in
Tuolomne Meadows, California. It no doubt will be found in
the higher Cascade and Sierra Ranges from Oregon to Central
California.

36. Chrysobothris nixa Horn.

This species is fairly common in northern California and
ranges over into the southwestern portion of Oregon. Breeds
so far as known only in incense cedar (Libocedrus decnrrens).

37. Chrysobothris viridicyanea Horn.

This beautiful green species breeds in the limbs and smaller
branches of Libocedrus decnrrens and is found in most of the
northern counties of the State. The following counties are
represented in Dr. Van Dyke's collection: Trinity, Siskiyou
and Placer. I have two specimens from Siskiyou County.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139

38. Chrysobothris sylvania Fall.

The type material was collected from apple in northern So-
noma County, California. Mr. Nunenmacher, of Oakland,

j '

has taken it in Del Norte County. I have collected it in the
Cascades of southern and central Oregon. A number of
specimens were dug from the sapwood of Douglas fir, March,
1916.

39. Chrysobothris mali Horn.

Occurs throughout California, where it breeds in cherry,
willow and oak. In Oregon the writer has bred it from prune,
peach and apple.

40. Chrysobothris pubescens Fall.

I have a single specimen of this species taken in soxithern
Oregon. Dr. Van Dyke states that in California it is generally
confined to the Sierras. He has taken it at Lake Tahoe and
in Shasta County. There are specimens in his collection from
Reno, Nevada and from Tulare County, California. It prob-
ably breeds in the smaller limbs of Jeffrey and yellow pine.

41. Chrysobothris deleta Horn.

This is not a typically northern species, but does occur at
rare intervals, as shown by a specimen from Lake Tahoe and
one from Castella. Shasta County, July 8, 1912 (in the Van
Dyke collection).

42. Chrysobothris cyanella Horn.

This species although rare is rather widely distributed
throughout the Cascade-Sierra region. The writer has taken
specimens in the vicinity of Ashland, Oregon (just over the
California line). It undoubtedly breeds in the twigs of yel-
low pine. In the Van Dyke collection there are specimens
taken in Shasta County, Siskiyou County, and Lake Tahoe,
California.

43. Chrysobothris prasina Horn.

The type of this species is supposed to have been collected
in northern California. Dr. Van Dyke has one specimen tak-
en in Sonoma County, June 30, 1912.

(To be continued.)

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1917.

Specialization in Entomology.

Are there any readers of the NEWS who still read The Poet
at the Breakfast Table and recall this piece of conversation,
which The Entomologists' Monthly Magazine (London) print-
ed as a motto on the title page of its fifteenth volume for 1878-
79?

I suppose you are an entomologist?

Not quite so ambitious as that, sir. I should like to put my eyes on
the individual entitled to that name. No man can be truly called an
entomologist, sir; the subject is too vast for any single human intelli-
gence to grasp.

There were entomologists, just as there were giants, in for-
mer days. Linnaeus was more than an entomologist. Fabrici-
us, Latreille, Leach, Westwood and Burmeister were ento-
mologists. In later years, however, we have specialized still
more narrowly, except when we are entomologists by compul-
sion. Not only do we have lepidopterists, but also microlepi-
dopterists, nay, erycinidists and even catocalists. We are not
sure whether there are not those who limit themselves to the
study of a single species, which is certainly the case among
those devoted to mammals.

It is interesting to see how the journals have tried to keep
pace with specialization. Papilio, the organ of the New York
Entomological Club, fluttered for four volumes from 1881 to
1884. The late F. W. Konow sustained the ZeitscJirift fiir
systematische Hymenopterologie und Diptcrologie from Janu-
ary i, 1901, to May, 1908, but it did not long survive its edi-
tor. Entomologische Blatter, Zeitschrift fiir Biologic und S\s-
tematik der Kafer (Berlin), has appeared from 1905 down to

140

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

at least December, 1915. In general it seems that the number
of specialists in any one or two orders of insects is not suffi-
cient to support a special journal, and we know of none such
provided with an endowment fund guaranteeing its perma-
nency. In this matter we must still be entomologists, appar-
ently, and yet the record of general entomological journals
contains many a short-lived periodical. We have only to re-
call The American Entomologist of three volumes, 1868-1880,
and Entomologica Americana, of six volumes, 1885-1890.

Questions and

The NEWS invites those having any entomological questions which they wish
answered to send such in for publication under this heading, and also invites
answers from its readers or others to these questions. Questions and replies
should be as brief as possible and the Editors reserve the right not to publish
any of either class which seem to them objectionable or inappropriate. Those send-
ing in contributions to this department will please indicate whether they wish
their names or merely one or more initials to appear in connection with their
communications, but all such must be accompanied by the full name and address
of the writer for the information of the editors.

QUESTION No. 5. — Are there any recorded aberrations of Mclitaca
brucci or Phyciodes camillus which have received names? We are so
far removed from entomological libraries that it is impossible to ob-
tain this information here. — DR. JOHN A. COMSTOCK, 1275 Bellevue
Avenue, Los Angeles, California.

Kntomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 5 — Psyche. 6 — Journal, New
York Entomological Society. 8— The Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine, London. 10 — Nature, London. 11 — Annals and Maga-

142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

zine of Natural History, London. 34 — Proceedings, Iowa Academy
of Sciences, Des Moines. 50— Proceedings, U. S. National Museum.
68 — Science, New York. 69 — Bolletino, Societa Italiana Entomolo-
gica. 128 — Proceedings Linnean Society of New South Wales,
Sydney. 153 — Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, New York. 180 — Annals of the Entomological Society of
America. 334 — Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences, Boston. 406— Boletin del Museo Nacional de
Chile, Santiago de Chile. 407 — Journal of Genetics, Cambridge,
England. 420 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus: A monthly journal
of entomology, Washington. 449 — British Museum (Natural His-
tory) Publications, London. 486 — Journal, Elisha Mitchell Scien-
tific Society, Chapel Hill, N. C. 538 — Lorquinia, Los Angeles.
540 — The Lepidopterist. Official Bulletin, Boston Entomological
Club. 543 — Genetics, Princeton, N. J. 544 — Miscellanea Ento-
mologica. 545 — Proceedings, Entomological Society of British
Columbia, Vancouver.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Crampton, G. C.— The orders and re-
lationships of Apterygotan insects, 6, xxiv, 267-301. Dyar, H. G. —
A psychological locality, 420, iv, 131-2. Joutel, L. H. — Biographical
notice by W. T. Davis, 6, xxiv, 239-43. Kenoyer, L. A.— Insect
pollination of timberline flowers of Colorado; Insect pollination
of Frasera stenosepala, 34, xxiii. 483-86; 487-8.

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Hyde, R. R.— Two

new members of a sex-linked multiple (sextuple) allelomorph
system (Drosophila), 543, i, 535-80. Hyde & Powell.— Mosaics in
Drosophila ampelophia, 543, 1, 581-83. Metz, C. W. — Mutations in
three species of Drosophila, 543, i, 591-607. Safir, S. R. — Buff, a
new allelomorph of white eye color in Drosophila, 543, i, 584-90.

MEDICAL. Cummings, B. F. — The louse and its relation to
disease; its life-history and habits; how to deal with it, 449, Econ.
Sen, No. 2.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Emerton, J. H.— Recent studies of Cana-
dian spiders, 4, 1917, 13-16. Newman, H. H. — A case of synchronic
behavior in Phalangidae, 68, xlv, 44.

Ewing, H. E. — New Acarina. Part II. — Descriptions of n. sps.
and var. from Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, 153,
xxxvii, 149-172. Hirst, S. — On some new mites of the suborder
Prostigmata living on lizards [l n. gen.], 11, xix, 136-143.
McGregor, E. A. — Descriptions of seven n. sps. of red spiders [4
new], 50, li, 581-90.

'Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 143

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Rich, S. G.— Some respiratory struc-
tures of dragon-fly larvae, 6, xxiv, 306-7. Tillyard, R. J. — Further
observations on the emergence of dragon-fly larvae from the egg,
128, xli, 388-41G.

ORTHOPTERA. Giglio-Tos, E.— Mantidi esotici, 69, xlvii, 1-44.

Morse, A. P. — A New England orthopteran adventive, 5, 1916,
178-80.

HEMIPTERA. Brown, K. B.— The specific effects of certain
leaf-feeding Coccidae and Aphididae upon the pines, 180, ix, 414-24.
Dickerson & Weiss. — The ash leaf bug, Neoborus amoenus, 6,
xxiv, 302-6. Stoner, D. — Distributional notes on some Iowa Penta-
tomoidea, 34, xxiii, 303-7. de la Torre Bueno, J. R. — Aquatic hem-
iptera. A study in the relation of structure to environment, 180,
ix, 353-65.

Baker, A. C. — Synopsis of the genus Saltusaphis [3 new]. 4,
1917, 1-9. McAtee, W. L. — Key to the nearctic species of Para-
calocoris (Miridae) [25 new], 180, ix, 366-390. Parshley, H. M.—
On some Tingidae from New England [3 new], 5, 1916, 163-8.
Quaintance & Baker. — A contribution to our knowledge of the
white flies of the • subfamily Aleyrodinae (Aleyrodidae), 50, li, 335-
445. Wilson, H. F. — Aphid notes from British Columbia [l n. spj,
545, No. 5, 82-5 (1915).

LEPIDOPTERA. Cockle, J. W.— Notes on the habits of some
L., 545, No. 5, 91-4 (1915). Day, G. O.— Notes on the early
stages of Calocampa cineritia; Notes on the early stages of Epir-
rita dilutata, 545, No. 5, 86-7; 95-6 (1915). Figueroa, C. S. — Los
cosidos de Chile. 406, viii, 49-55. Forbes, W. T. M.— On the Tym-
panum of certain L., 5, 1916, 183-92. Harrison, J. W. H. — A further
probable case of sex-limited transmission in L., 10, xcviii, 248.
Studies in hybrid Bistoninae, 407, vi, 94-161. Thierry- Mieg, P.—
Descriptions de lepidopteres nouveaux, 544, xxiii, No. 10-11.
Wolden, B. O. — The white admiral or banded purple butterfly in
Iowa, 34, xxiii, 269.

Reiff, W. — Catocala arnica subsp. novangliae: Additions to the
paper on Catocala arnica; Colias philodice f. nigro-fasciata, 540,
i, 12-15; 21; 22-23. Swett, L. W.— Geometrid notes: New species
from California [l new], 540, i, 10-11.

DIPTERA. Hadwen, S. — A note on the occurrence and signifi-
cance of Anophelinae in B. C.: A description of the egg and ovi-
positor of Cuterebra fontinella, 545, No. 5, 81-S2: 8S-91 (1915).
Johnson, C. W. — The Volucella bombylans group in America, 5,

144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '17

1916, 159-63. Knab, F. — Further notes on Syrphidae, 420, iv, 133-5.
MacGregor, M. E. — Calliphora vomitoria captured by an oyster,
8, 1917, 18-19. Metcalf, C. L. — A list of Syrphidae of North Caro-
lina, 486, xxxii, 95-112. Parker, R. R. — -Notes concerning Gastro-
philus haemorroidalis, 6, xxiv, 253-5. Porter, C. E. — Descripcion
de un nuevo diptero chileno (Agromyza gayi), 406, viii, 56-7.
Richardson, C. H. — The attraction of D. to ammonia, 180, ix, 408-
413.

Alexander, C. P. — New nearctic crane-flies. Part II. [9 new],
4, 1917, 22-31 (cont.). Brues, C. T. — A new sp. of Apiochaeta from
New England (Phoridae), 5, 1910, 175-6. Sturtevant, A. H. — Notes
on N. Am. Drosophilidae with descriptions of 25 n. sps., 180, ix,
323-43. Townsend, C. H. T. — Miscellaneous muscoid notes and
descriptions [8 n. gen.; 4 n. sps.]; Lithohypoderma, a new fossil
genus of oestrids, 420, iv, 121-28; 128-30.

COLEOPTERA. Boving, A. — A generic synopsis of the coc-
cinellid larvae in the U. S. Nat. Museum, with description of the
larva of Hyperaspis binotata, 50, li, 621-50. Davis, A. — A few rare
beetles in logs near Pasadena, 538, i, 41. Frost, S. W. — Biological
notes on Ceutorhynchus marginatus, 6, xxiv, 243-53. Laurent, P. —
The supposed synchronal flashing of fireflies, 68, xlv, 44. Woods,
W. C. — The malpighian vessels of Haltica bimarginata, 180, ix,
391-407.

Liljeblad, E. — New sps. of C. of the genus Mordellistena [8 new],
4, 1917, 9-13. Schaeffer, C. — New sps. of the family Elateridae
[19 new], 6, xxiv, 256-67.

HYMENOPTERA. C., G. H.— Studies of H., 10, xcviii, 258.
Cockerell, T. D. A. — The panurgine bees of the genera Hesperapis,
Zacesta and Panurgomia, 5, 1916, 176-78. Mickel, C. E. — A review
of the American species of Xylocelia [7 new], 180, ix, 344-52.
Pellett, F. C. — Life history and habits of Polistes metricus, 34,
xxiii, 275-84. Turner, R. E. — Notes on fossorial H. — xxv. On new
Sphecoidea in the British Museum, 11, xix, 104-13. Webster, R. L.
—Notes on two strawberry slugs (Empria fragariae, E. maculata),
34, xxiii, 291-98. Wheeler, W. M. — Questions of nomenclature
connected with the ant genus Lasius and its subgenera; A phos-
phorescent ant; Ants carried in a floating log from the Brazilian
mainland to San Sebastian Island, 5, 1916, 168-73; 173-4; 180-83.

Crawford, J. C. — Some new American H. [1 n. gen.; 9 n. sps.],
420, iv, 135-44. Girault, A. A. — Descriptions of miscellaneous
chalcid flies [16 new], 420, iv, 109-121. Wheeler, W. M.— The moun-
tain ants of western North America [32 new], 334, lii, 457-569.

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APRIL, 1917.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXVIII.

No. <4.

Henry Shinier
J828-J895.

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor.
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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate XI.

1-1B, TIPULA ALEXANDRIANA; 2-2B, T. VICINA;
3-3B, T. CONSPICUA; 4, T. XANTHOSTIGMA.-DIETZ.

ENTOMOLOGICAL

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. xxvin.

APRIL, 1917.

No.

CONTENTS:

Dietz— Key to the North American
Species of the Tricolor Group of
the Dipterous Genus Tipula Lin-
naeus 145

Harrison — Egg-masses of the Vaporer
Moths Wanted (Lep.) 151

Rehu — On Coelophvllum simplex and
certain of its Allies (Orthoptera,
Tettigoniidae) 152

Wolcott — Influence of Rainfall on

Abundance of a Moth ( Lep. ) 161

Shinji— Mating Hahit ol the Cottony
Cushion Scale ( Hem., Horn.) 162

Chamberlin — Notes on some Bupresti-

dae of Northern California (Col.) 166
"Needham — Notes on some recent stud-
ies of Dragonfly Wing Tracheation
( Odon. ) 169

Hungerford— The Egg Laying Habits
of a Back-swimmer (Hem.) 174

Buchholz — A new Species of Acronycta

(Lep.) 183

The New Head of the Department of
Zoology and Entomology, Ohio

State University 184

Goe— Adult Chrysopidae Do Eat(Neu.) 184

Editorial — Ants vs. Men 185

Porter— The Host of Ablerus clisiocam-

pae ( Hym. ) 186

Entomological Literature 187

Review of Barnes and McDunnough :
Check List of Lepidoptera of Bor-
eal America 190

Doings of Societies— Feldman Collect-
ing Social (Lep., Col.) 191

Entom. Section, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.

( Orth. ) 192

Entomological Workers of Ohio 192

Key to the North American Species of the Tricolor
Group of the Dipterous Genus Tipula Linnaeus,

With Descriptions of Four New Species.
By W. G. DIETZ, M.D., Hazleton, Pennsylvania.

(Plate XI)

1. Joints of flagellum unicolorous brown 2

Joints of tfagellum distinctly bicolored (>

2. Basal six joints of antennae yellow fulvolineata Doane

(f/raphica Doane Syn.)
Basal six joints not as in the alternative 3

3. Mesonotal praescutum without dark brown median line or

stripe alexandriana spec. n.

Mesonotal praescutum with dark brown median line or stripe. 4

4. Median mesonotal stripe broad 5

A narrow, median, mesonotal line vicina spec. n.

5. Stigma brown, wing picture darker ... .aspidoptera Alexander1
Stigma yellowish-brown, wing picture very pale,

comanche Alexander2

!Can. Ent. Vol. XLVIII, p. 49.
-Ibid. p. 50, placed here tentatively.

145

146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

6. Costal stripe strongly bisinuate posteriorly bella Loew

Costal stripe not as in the alternative 7

7. Pleura with oblique, fuscous stripe subeluta Johnson

Pleura not as in the alternative 8

8. Median vitta of wing attains the apex 9

Median vitta not as in the alternative 12

9. Outer part of cell 1st M2 and basal part of cell Ro not hyaline.

Abdomen with lateral fuscous stripes 10

Cell 1st M2 entirely hyaline. Abdomen without lateral stripes

11

10. Larger, coloration of wing dark fuscous-brown, basal half of

cell M infuscate caloptera Loew

Smaller, color of wing grayish-fuscous, basal part of cell M
grayish strepens Loew

11. Cell Ml and cell M2 partially hyaline conspicua spec. n.

These cells entirely fuscous eluta Loew

12. Stigma yellow xanthostigma spec. n.

Stigma dark fuscous 13

13 The hyaline antestigmal spot extends as an irregular fascia to
near the posterior wing-margin fraterna Loew

The hyaline spot not as in the alternative 14

14. Thoracic stripes distinct tricolor Fabricius

Thoracic stripes obsolete vitrea Van der Wulp

Tipula alexandriana spec. n. (PI. XI, fig. 1, lA and IB).

Joints of antennal flagellum with the exception of the first, uni-
colorous, dark brown. Median vitta of praescutal mesonotum, divided
by a pale stripe. Wings without fuscous costal stripe. The hyaline
vitta does not extend beyond the extreme base of cell iM2.

$ . — Length 13-14 mm.; wing 16 mm.

Head grayish-white, middle of front fuscous, occiput suffused with
fuscous. Joints 1-3 of palpi yellowish-fuscous, 4 dark fuscous. Frontal
prolongation rather short, yellow, with a whit'sh bloom, and, like the
nasus, beset with short blackish hairs. Antennae robust; extended back-
ward they reach to the base of the abdomen; scapal joints and basal
half of first flagellar joint, yellowish, the rest of the flagellum black,
segments with well-marked basal and sub-apical enlargement, basal
setae of moderate length.

Thorax. Pronotal scutum yellowish-fuscous. Mesonotal praescu-
tum a sordid, pale yellow, stripes black, conspicuous, the median stripe
narrowed posteriorly and divided by a moderately wide stripe of the
ground color; lateral stripes abbreviated, parasntural foveae and an-
tero-lateral margin of mesonotum black. Pronotal scutcllum and
pleuro-dorsal membrane yellowish. Pleura black, overlaid with a heavy
whitish bloom, which almost completely conceals the ground color.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147

Scutum grayish-fuscous, darker in middle portion. Scutellum yellow-
ish-fuscous. Postnotum grayish-fuscous, lateral margins pale. Hal-
teres pale, knob fuscous.

Legs slender, coxae gray and beset with soft pale hairs; trochanters
and basal part of femur yellow, remainder of femur yellowish-fuscous,
dark fuscous at tip, tibiae and tarsi dark fuscous.

Wings grayish-fuscous, darker apically, yellowish at .the base and
along cell C and cell Sc, no fuscous costal stripe; stigma dark brown,
preceded by a conspicuous hyaline spot; the vitta occupying cell M is
but a shade paler than the ground color, not conspicuous, and does
not extend beyond the extreme base of cell ist M2; vein Cu and its
basal deflection conspicuously margined with fuscous.

Abdomen deep yellow, paler beneath with a conspicuous black stripe
each side, the latter does not extend beyond the sixth segment; the sev-
enth segment entirely yellow, the extreme posterior margin of segments
1-6 a trifle paler; 8 and hypopygium brown, appendages yellowish;
eighth sternite simple, not emarginate ; ninth tergite short, posterior
margin feebly emarginate each side; ninth sternite with rounded emarg-
ination, from the lateral margin of which arises a pencil of bristle-
like, yellowish hair, and a carina-like process at the base of the median
suture; upper appendages broad, leaflike, inflexed, the lower append-
ages form an ascending irregular lobe.

9. —Length 12 mm.; wing 19 mm. Aside from its larger size the
female differs from the male by the much shorter antennae, which
scarcely reach the middle of the mesonotmn, first flagellar joint yel-
lowish-red, flagellar joints cylindrical with slight basal enlargement.
Ovipositor brown at base, blades yellow, upper valves very long, al-
most linear, the lower valves more than one-half the length of the
upper valves.

Holotype, $ . Foothills of Mt. Shasta, California, May 2Oth,
1914 (A. Kusche).

Allotype, 9 , May 26th, 1914, topotypic.

Paratypc, $, Sonoma County, California, April iSth, 1914
(A. Kusche). All in the author's collection.

Readily distinguished from the other members of this group
with unicolorous antennal flagellum ; from fulvolincata
Doane by only the three basal joints of the antennae yellow1
and the veins in apical part of wing not margined with fuscous.

1 A male specimen in my collection from Los Cerritos, California,
and received from Mr. M. C. Van Duzee, I unhesitatingly refer to
this species, although only three basal joints of the antennae are yel-
low. The type of the species is a female.

148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

From aspidoptera Alexander and vicina sp. n., by the pale
median mesonotal line.

Two specimens, males, in my collection from La Junta, Col-
orado (E. J. Oslar), I refer to this species, though apparently
differing. The head and thorax are dark brown, the mesonotal
stripes black. This difference in color is due to the process of
preservation. The abdominal stripes extend upon the seventh
tergite.

Respectfully dedicated to Mr. Charles P. Alexander.

Tipula vicina spec. n. (PI. XI, figs. 2, 2A, 2B.)

Grayish-brown. Antennal flagellum brown. Mesonotal stripes mar-
gined with fuscous, the median stripe divided by a blackish line. The
hyaline vitta of the wing extends through cell ist M2 and cell R5 to
the apex.

$. — Length 11.5 mm., wing 13 mm. Head — Grayish-brown, paler
along the upper orbital margin, with dark median occipital line.
Rostrum sordid yellow, nasus beset with whitish hairs. Palpi fuscous,
the last joint shorter than the preceding joints together. Antennae
slender; bent back, they reach to base of halteres ; scapal and first
flagellar joints yellowish-brown, the following joints fuscous, basal
enlargement feeble, black, the setae shorter than the segments.

Thorax — Mesonotum grayish-fuscou.s with a yellowish sheen, the
praescutal stripes scarcely darker than the ground color and margined
with fuscous, the median stripe divided by a black median line; pro-
notal scutum brownish ; scutellum and postnotum yellowish-brown.
Pleurodorsal membrane sordid yellowish. Pleura gray with a whitish
bloom. Halteres yellow at base, darker towards the club, the latter
fuscous.

Legs yellow with whitish bloom; femora darker towards and in-
fuscate at the apex; tibiae yellowish-fuscous, their apices and the
tarsi fuscous.

Wings grayish- fuscous; the fuscous costal border includes the basal
portion of cell R and all the radial cells except R3; a small hyaline
spot before the stigma, the latter dark brown ; the hyaline vitta of
cell M and outer part of cell R extends through cell ist M2 and cell R5
to the apex ; a conspicuous hyaline spot at apex of cell R and base of
cell ist M2; vein Cu and its basal deflection margined with fuscous.

Abdomen above pale yellowish-gray, a broads pale fuscous stripe
each side, a black transverse line each side, behind the anterior mar-
gin of segments 2-5, lateral margins of segments broadly, the posterior
margin very narrowly, paler, the former with a small brown dot on
2-7; venter gray, yellowish towards the base. Eighth sternite

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149

simple. Hypopygium yellowish-brown ; the ninth tergite a little longer
than wide and produced mesially into a short, obtuse lobe, the ninth
sternite deeply divided, the postero-inferior angle produced; append-
ages yellowish-brown, the upper broad, irregular, the lower presents
an oval, outward bent lobe.

$. — Length 15.5 mm.; wing 14.5 mm. Antennae short, first joint
grayish-brown, joints 2-4 reddish-brown, the remaining segments dark
brown, scarcely darker at base. The dark dots on the pale lateral
margins of the abdominal tergites less distinct. Ovipositor yellowish-
brown, upper valves long and slender, lower valves about two-thirds
the length of the upper, blade-shaped.

Holotype, $ , Floodwood, Schoolcraft County, Michigan,
July, 1915 (J. S. Rodger).

Allotype, 9 , topotypic.

Paratypes, one $ topotypic, one $ Lancaster, New York,
May 3 ist, 1908 (M. C. Van Duzee). All in the author's col-
lection.

Apparently close to T. aspidoptera Alexander, from which
it is readily distinguished by the narrow median mesonotal line
and all R5 entirely hyaline.

Tipula conspicua spec. n. (Plate XI, fig. 3, 3A, 3B).

Joints of antennal flagellum distinctly bicolored. Thoracic stripes
margined with fuscous, the median stripe divided by a dark mesial
line. The hyaline alar vitta reaches to the apex. Abdomen yellow
without stripes.

$. — Length 15.5 mm.; wing 17 mm. Head grayish-fuscous, a
tuberosity behind the antennal insertion ; face and frontal prolongation
.cream-yellow, nasus beset with short black hairs; sides of rostrum
brownish. Palpi yellowish-brown, joints 1-3 pale at tip, the last
joint shorter than the preceding joints together. Antennae slender:
bent back, they reach to the base of the postnotum; scapal joints
brownish with a whitish bloom above; flagellar joints slender, sub-
cylindrical with a whorl of black setae, the latter shorter than the
respective segments, yellow and, with the exception of the first joint,
black at the base, with a whitish bloom.

Thorax — Pronotal scutum gray with a crescentic, fuscous line.
Praescutum grayish-white, stripes light-brown, margined with dark-
brown, the median stripe of equal width throughout and divided by a
dark median line. Scutum brown, central part whitish. Scutellum
sordid white, a tritle darker anteriorly. Postnotum sordid white,
posterior margin darker, surface transversely rugulose, a brownish
spot each side. Malteres yellowish- fuscous, paler towards the base,
knob brown. Pleura and pleuro-dorsal membrane grayish-white.

150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

Legs slender, yellowish-fuscous; femora and tibiae infuscate to-
wards the tips; tarsi fuscous.

Wings grayish-fuscous, costal border, including cell R almost en-
tirely and cells R2 and R3 dark fuscous, vein Cu narrowly, vein Cu1
more broadly margined with fuscous; the hyaline vitta begins at the
basal third of cell M and extends through cell 1st M2 and the bases of
cells M2 and M3, and cell M1 almost entirely to the apex ; the dorsal
border of cell Rr> is hyaline in its entire length and forms an integral
part of the vitta; a conspicuous hyaline antestigmal spot extends td
the apex of cell R; basal third of cell M infuscate, bases of cell Cu
and cell i A hyaline.

Abdomen ochre-yellow without longitudinal stripes and rather faint,
pale fuscous striae each side behind the anterior margin of tergites
2-4; tergites 5-8 somewhat infuscate, the eighth sternite simple. Hypo-
pygium yellowish-brown, ninth tergite longer than wide, posterior mar-
gin incised each side, the median part somewhat compressed and pro-
duced in the form of a cone ; from within the lateral incision arises
a small inconspicuous pencil of stiff hairs ; ninth sternite long, deeply
and narrowly divided; upper appendages large, blade-like, incurved;
the middle appendages flattened with an acute lance-shaped process,
directed dorsad ; the lower appendages irregular, ascending, and each
ends in two small lobes.

Holotype, $ , Black Mountains, North Carolina, September,
1913 (W. Beutenmtieller) . In the author's collection.

Closely resembles Tipiila clnta Loew, but differs in cells M1
and M2, being partially hyaline and the costal half of cell R5
fuscous. The hypopygium is different in construction.

Tipula xanthostigma spec. n. (PI. XI, fig. 4).

Yellowish-brown. Segments of antennal flagellum yellow, black at
base. Thoracic stripes margined. The alar vitta extends into cell ist
M2 but does not reach the apex ; stigma yellow.

$. — Length 19 mm.; wing 17 mm. Head grayish-yellow with dark
occipital line, face yellowish, frontal prolongation yellow, nasus beset
with blackish hairs toward the apex; rostrum light brown on the
sides. Palpi light brown, darker towards the apex. Antennae short,
scapal joints brownish, joints of flagellum yellow, black at base.

Thorax. — Pronotal scutum pale brown, a fuscous line each side.
Praescutum yellowish-gray, stripes broad, light coffee-brown and al-
most entirely concealing the ground color and very narrowly mar-
gined with darker brown; the median stripe narrowed posteriorly and
divided by a blackish line. Scutum pale coffee-brown, margins paler.
Scutellum and postnotum yellow, posterior margin of the latter brown-
ish. Pleurodorsal membrane grayish-yellow. Pleura and coxae yel-
lowish with a white bloom. Halteres pale, knob fuscous.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Legs — Trochanters and femora yellowish, the latter infuscate to-
wards the apex, tibiae and tarsi yellowish- fuscous, darker towards the
apices.

Wings light grayish-fuscous, costal border brown ; stigma sordid
yellow; basal half of vein Cu narrowly, remainder and the basal de-
flection more widely, margined with fuscous; a dark-brown spot at
the bases of cells R4 and R5 ; the hyaline vitta begins near the base of
cell M and extends into the base of cell ist M2, the cells bordering
the latter, pale, narrowly margined with hyaline ; the very conspicuous
antestigmal hyaline spot extends into the base of cell ist M2.

Abdomen sordid yellow, a broad fuscous stripe each side extends
from the base to the eighth tergite, the two stripes leave but a narrow
vitta of the ground color between them. Ovipositor ferruginous,
upper valves strongly narrowed towards the apex, lower valves a little
wider and about three-fifths the length of the upper valves.

Holotype, 9 , Chimney Gulch, Colorado, June Qth, 1914. (E.
J. Oslar). In the author's collection.

Readily distinguished from the other species of the group
with bicolored, flagellar joints and the alar vitta not attaining
the apex, by the yellowish stigma.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.
i. — Wing of Ti[>. alexandriana spec. n.
i A. — Lateral aspect of hypopygium of same.

1 B. — Ventral aspect of hypopygium of same.
2. — Wing of Tip. ticina spec. n.

2. A. — Lateral aspect of hypopygium of same.

2 B. — Ventral aspect of hypopygium of same.
3. — Wing of Tip. conspicua spec. n.

3 A. — Dorsal aspect of hypopygium of same.
3 R. — Lateral aspect of hypopygium of same.
4. — Wing of Tip. xanthostigma sp. n.

Egg-masses of the Vaporer Moths Wanted (Lep.).

I am venturing to appeal for help in connection with some studies
in heredity I am making. I am studying the inheritance of the hair
pencils in the larvae of the Vaporer Moths and am very anxious to
get egg masses of the Vaporer Moths, Orgyia (Notolof>hus) vetuxtti
and O. bad ia found on the Pacific coast and also of any other Oryyia
found in the West. Furthermore, I want to study the gametogenesis,
especially the spermatogenesis, of these species and also the behavior
of the mitochondria.

In return I shall be pleased to do all I can and I can assist in prac-
tically every group of animals or plants. — J. W. H. HARRISON, 181
Abingdon Road, Middlesbro', England.

152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

On Coelophyllum simplex and certain of its Allies
(Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae).

By JAMES A. G. REHN, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

(Plate XII)

In 1875, Scudder described from the Peruvian Maranon a
very peculiar katydid, which he called Coelophyllum simplex,
new genus and species.1 These names were not mentioned
again until 1896, when Scudder2 said: "Coelophyllum is a genus
of Phaneropterinae, not recognized by Brunner in his mono-
graph or in the supplement to it, and which seems to be most
nearly allied to the Old World genera forming his group Holo-
chlorae, though very different from either of the three genera
recognized by him." Kirby, in 1906, placed3 the genus in the
vicinity of Phancroptcra, while Bruner, in 1915, in a key to the'
American genera of the Phaneropterinae,4 apparently follows
Scudder's suggestion as to its position, as he gives as its diag-
nostic feature a character which differentiates the Holochlorae
and certain other Old World genera groups. This feature is :
"Anterior tibiae on their inner margin with the auditory fora-
mina shell-like or sublinear, externally typically wide open."

We now have before us the unique female type of Scudder's
genus and species, which we find to be generically inseparable
from Brunner's Prosagoga, erected, three years later than
Scudder's genus, on a species from Surinam.5 The insect is
a most peculiar one, with the tegminal shape and structure,
form of the head and pronotum, folding of the wings and
structure of the ovipositor quite distinctive. The foramina of
the cephalic tibiae are open normal width caudad, while cepha-
lad they are narrowly open, with a trace of a conchate develop-
ment ventrad, but this is weakly indicated and the surface of
the membrane is plainly visible, not fully covered over by the
bulla as in forms typically conchate ("shell-like") or linear.

1 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 263.

2 Ibid, XXVII, p. 210.
3Synon. Catal. Orth., II, p. 437.
*Ann. Carneg. Mus., IX, p. 289.

• 5 Monogr. der Phaneropt, pp. 29, 320, (1878).

Vol. XXX'iii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153

It is quite evident the genus is a modified member of the Amer-
ican group Phyllopterae, and not an isolated American repre-
sentative of the Old World Holochlorae assemblage. In addi-
tion the exact form of the cephalic face of the tympanum of
the cephalic tibiae is not a generic feature, as it varies in form
within the genus, of which eight species are before us.

We are elsewhere recording or describing, in studies of Bra-
zilian Orthoptera, material of three of the species of the genus.
Of the section of the genus represented by crenulatuni alone in
llrunner's last key to the species of the genus,6 we now have
before us five species: crcmtlatum (Brunner), simplex Scud-
der and three other new species. These forms all agree in the
important features given in the key for crenulatuni, i. e. the
ramus of the median vein of the tegmina diverging before the
middle; in the anal vein (posterior ulnar of Brunner) being
acute and crenulate in the male and obtuse in the female, there
crenulate only at the base ; in the caudal femora being unarmed
on the ventro-internal margin.

The five forms may be differentiated from one another by
the following features :

A. Marginal field of the tegmina regularly narrowing in width distad,
at distal fifth equal to decidedly less than one-half the greatest
tegminal width: apex of tegmina rounded or suhrectangulate.

B. Pronotum more robust, less compressed, the greatest caudal
width of the disk contained one and one-third times in the
greatest length of the same. Tegmina with the ramus of the
median vein furcate at its middle ; free margin of the stridu-
lating field of the male tegmina rectangulate produced at the
apex of the stridulating vein ; base of the ulnar vein of the
tegmina strikingly marked with black.

amazonicum new species.

BB. Pronotum less robust, more compressed, the greatest caudal
width of the disk contained one and one-half times in the
grt-aU'st length of the same. Tegmina with the ramus of the
median vein furcate proximad of its middle; free margin of the
stridulating field of the male tegmina obtuse-angulate produced
at the apex of the stridulating vein; base of the ulnar vein of
the tegmina not strongly marked with black.

6Verhandl. K.-K. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XLI, pp. 169-170, (1891).

154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., 'lj

C. Costal margin of the tegmina arcuate distad; general
form of the tegmina elongate elliptical. Eyes proportion-
ately larger ; face more compresso-bullate. Limbs rela-
tively longer.

D. Size smaller ($ tegminal length 32-33 mm.). Teg-
mina proportionately narrower, the greatest width con-
tained more than two and one-half times in the great-
est length of the same. Head proportionately narrower,
fastigium of vertex more acute.

crenulatum (Brunner).

DD. Size larger (' $ tegminal length 39-40.5 mm.). Teg-
mina proportionately broader, the greatest width con-
tained not more than two and one-half times in the
greatest length of the same. Head proportionately
broad, fastigium of vertex less acute.

costaricense new species.

CC. Costal margin of the tegmina obtusely rounded at distal
third; general form of the tegmina having the costal and
sutural margins approximately parallel. Eyes proportion-
ately smaller; face less bullate, hardly compressed. Limbs

relatively shorter peruvianum new species.

AA. Marginal field of the tegmina very wide, slightly expanding
distad, at distal fifth equal to but faintly less than one-half the
greatest tegminal width ; apex of the tegmina very obtuse-angulate.
(Size largest of the species seen. Head strongly compressed; face
greatly compresso-bullate.) simplex Scudder.

Coelophyllum amazonicum new species. (PI. XII, fig. 1.)

Of the members of this group of the genus, amazonicum is
characterized by the combination of a broadly rounded teg-
minal apex, a distad narrowing marginal field of the tegmina,
a median bifurcation of the tegminal ulnar vein, a rectangulate
production of the free margin at the apex of the stridulating
vein of the male tegmina and the broad, but moderately com-
pressed pronotum. The type has been dried after immersion in
a liquid preservative and, in consequence, has lost almost all of
its original coloration. The only features of this preserved are
small semilunate spots of black situated at the base of the ulnar
and anal veins of the tegmina.

Type. — $ ; Contamano, Rio Ucayali, Peru. October to De-
cember, 1912. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Type No. 5312.]

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I

00

Size small (for the genus); form moderately compressed; surface
smooth, of tegmina shining, very closely, finely and deeply cribroso-
punctulate.

Head with the interocular space slightly less than the greatest width
of the eye; fastigium acute, depressed, sulcate, the apex well separated
from the fastigium of the face; paired ocelli large; fastigium of the
face distinctly acuminate; face considerably bullate, moderately com-
pressed ; eyes ovate in basal outline, compressed, distinctly directed
cephalad; antennae surpassing the apices of the tegmina.

Pronotum with the greatest caudal width of the disk contained one
and one-third times in the greatest length of the disk, the same mod-
erately narrowing cephalad; cephalic margin of the disk very shal-
lowly and broadly obtuse-angulate emarginate, caudal margin of the
disk very broadly arcuate, faintly flattened mesad ; lateral margins of
the disk rather broadly rounding into the lateral lobes : lateral lobes
of the pronotum with the greatest depth slightly more than the great-
est length ; cephalic margin of the lobes moderately arcuato-sinuate
caudad of the eyes ; caudal margin regularly and considerably arcuate,
the humeral sinus deep, rounded acute-angulate; ventral margin of
the lobes with the cephalic section oblique truncate; ventro-cephalic
angle rounded obtuse-angulate, ventro-caudal angle indistinguishable
in the regular curve of the caudal section of the ventral and the
caudal margins.

Tegmina surpassing the apices of the caudal femora by considerably
more than the length of the pronotal disk; greatest width of the teg-
men contained about two and two-thirds times in the greatest length
of the same; form of the tegmina elongate elliptical, slightly pro-
longed proximad, the distal half more regular in form : costal margin
briefly oblique sinuato-truncate proximad, thence rounding into the
arcuato-truncate costal margin proper, which regularly rounds distad
to the broadly rounded apex; sutural margin (aside from stridulating
field) moderately arcuate: marginal field broad, narrowing distad, the
greatest proximal width but little less than half the greatest width of
the tegmen ; mediastine vein weak, bifurcate; discoidal vein in general
straight, with regular oblique rami diverging toward the costal mar-
gin; median vein with the ramus diverging briefly proximad of the
middle, this bifurcate mesad; ulnar vein at the closest point separated
from the humeral trunk by one-half the distance separating it from
the sutural margin at the point of their greatest remoteness; cross-
veins of the discoidal field regular (see figure) : stridulating field rela-
tively short and very broad, the free margin produced into a rectangu-
late process at the apex of the stridulating vein; distad of this the
margin is sinuato-emarginate ; stridulating vein straight, quite thick,
sulcate; base of ulnar vein very distinctly paucicrenulate, proximad of

156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

the crenulations is a detached rounded area. Wings very faintly sur-
passing the apices of the tegmina.

Disto-dorsal abdominal segment with its distal margin arcuate, mod-
erately emarginate at the bases of the cerci ; supra-anal plate acute-
trigonal, faintly sulcate; cerci in their greater portion tapering, gently
curving dorsad, the apex rather sharply curved dorso-mesad, briefly
mucronate ; subgenital plate produced, narrowing, distal margin U-
emarginate, styles relatively short, articulate.

Cephalic femora with two to three spines on the ventro-cephalic
margin; median femora with three to four spines on the same mar-
gin ; cephalic tibiae with slender distal portion faintly longer than the
inflated proximal section. Caudal femora equal to one-half the teg-
minal length, moderately tapering; ventro-external margin with fifteen
to seventeen spines distributed over its whole length, ventro-internal
margin with three to five spines on distal half.

Natural coloration of specimen destroyed by liquid immersion except
for the following features. Eyes mars brown. Semilunate spot en-
circling the detached rounded knob at the base of the ulnar vein of the
tegmina, black; stridulating vein prout's brown; distal section of the
sutural margin of the tegmina bearing several well separated groups
of dark points, such as are found more decided in certain other forms
of this species group.

Length of body, 19.5 mm.; length of pronotum, 5.5 mm.; greatest
(caudal) width of pronotal disk, 4.3 mm.; length of tegmen, 28.5 mm.;
greatest width of tegmen, 11.9 mm.; length of caudal femur, 15 mm.

The type is unique.

Coelophyllum crenulatum (Brunner). (PI. XII, fig. 2.)

1801. Prosagoga crcnulata Brunner, Verhandl. K.-K. Zool.-botan.
Gesell. Wien, XLJ, pp. 170, 171. [Pernambuco and Alto Amazonas,
Brazil ; Guiana.]

We have before us a single male of this species from Ca-
paro, Trinidad (June, 1913; S. M. Klages), belonging to the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia. It can be readily differentiated from amasonicum by the
characters given in the key, but from costariccnsc the distinc-
tions are not as easy to appreciate. Under costariccnsc we
have given the diagnostic features separating the two forms.

Coelophyllum costaricense new species. (PI. XII, lig. ?..)

This new species is quite close to C. crciiulatnm (Brunner),
from which it differs in its larger size, proportionately broader
tegmina, somewhat less compressed pronotum and broader

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157

head, with less acute facial fastigium and more robust limbs.
The male subgenital plate is also broadly V-emarginate in-
stead of rather deeply emarginate, as in crcnnlatuiu.

Type. — $ ; Cachi, Costa Rica. July 16, 1911. (C. H. Lan-
kester.) [Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Type No. 5311.]

Size moderately large; form compressed; surface smooth, of tegmina
as in amazonicum.

Head with the interspace between the eyes faintly greater than the
greatest width of the eye; fastigium acute hut immediate apex round-
ed, undulate depressed, moderately sulcate, apex well separated from
the fastigium of the face; paired ocelli large; fastigium of the face
relatively acute; face very considerably bullate, rather strongly com-
pressed : eyes ovate in basal outline, moderately compressed, directed
cephalacl ; antennae elongate.

Pronotum moderately compressed (less so than in C. crenulatum),
the disk narrowing cephalad with its greatest caudal width contained
one and two-fifth times in the greatest length of the same; cephalic
margin of the disk faintly sinuato-emarginate, caudal margin of the
disk strongly arcuate, with a faint median emargination, lateral mar-
gins of the disk distinct and continuous, but broadly rounded : lateral
lobes of the pronotum with their greatest depth faintly greater than
their greatest length ; cephalic margin of the lobes sinuate, ventro-
cephalic angle rounded obtuse-angulate, ventral margin strongly arcu-
ate, faintly flattened cephalad, caudad rounding regularly into the
arcuate caudal margin, which is faintly flattened mesad, humeral sinus
subacute, deep, with the angle narrowly rounded.

Tegmina surpassing the apices of the caudal femora by twice the
length of the pronotal disk ; greatest width of the tegmen contained
two and one-half times in the greatest length of the same; form of
the tegmina elongate-elliptical, slightly prolonged proximad ; costal
margin as in amazonicum, but the distal fourth is oblique arcuato-
truncate to the rounded rectangulate apex ; sutural margin as in ama-
zoniciiin : marginal field broad, regularly and very considerably nar-
rowing distad, the greatest proximal width but little less than half
the greatest width of the tegmen; mediastine vein subobsolete, irreg-
ular, bifurcate; discoidal vein faintly flexuous, with rami toward the
costal margin somewhat irregubr in position, furcation and trend;
median vein with the ramus diverging decidedly proximad of the
middle, this bifurcate shortly before its middle; ulnar vein at the
closest point separated from the humeral trunk by not more than one-
third the distance separating it from the sutural margin at the point
of greatest remoteness; cross-veins of the discoidal field much sug-
gesting tluiM- <if C. <niKt:-jt»riciun. but frxviT (see figure) : stridulating
field relatively narrow, of medium length, the free margin rounded

158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

obtuse-angulate at the apex of the stridulating vein, distad of this the
margin is sinuate; stridulating vein much as in amasonicum; base of
ulnar vein quite weakly but rather closely crenulate, proximal section
less decidedly than in amazonicum. Wings very faintly surpassing
the apices of the tegmina.

Disto-dorsal abdominal segment with free margin much as in ama-
zonicum, but median emargination less extensive; supra-anal plate?;
cerci of the type found in amazonicum, but more incrassate proximad
and more slender distad ; subgenital plate moderately produced, mod-
erately narrowing, distal margin broadly V-emarginate, styles short,
articulate.

Cephalic femora with three spines on the ventro-cephalic margin ;
median femora with two to three spines on the same margin ; cephalic
tibiae with slender distal portion slightly longer than the inflated prox-
imal section. Caudal femora less than one-half the tegminal length,
moderately robust proximad, considerably tapering distad; ventro-
external margin with twelve to thirteen spines distributed over its
whole length, ventro-internal margin unarmed.

General coloration of tegmina yellowish oil-green, of the abdomen
citron-yellow, of the head and pronotum pale old gold (type) or the
tegminal color (paratype). Head with the face whitish, a distinct nar-
row postocular line bone brown ; eyes mottled russet and mummy
brown; antennae with the proximal and second joint of the color of
the face, remaining joints sudan brown, imperfectly multiannulate with
threads of argus brown. Pronotum with the caudal section of the
disk and lobes washed with greenish; vicinity of the humeral sinus
and the median emargination of the caudal margin touched with
mummy brown. Tegmina with (type) or without (paratype) three
areas of pseudo-desiccation, of a prout's brown tone, these occasionally
outlined in fuscous, and one situated near the base of the ulnar vein,
another at the base of the median ramus and divided by the ulnar vein,
and the third and largest at the bifurcation of the median ramus; in
place of these areas the tegmina (paratype) may have numerous scat-
tered fine points of fuscous ; distal section of costal margin, and to a
lesser degree of the sutural margin, beaded with mummy brown ;
bounding section of the stridulating field and stridulating vein marked
with mummy brown. Limbs ranging from old gold to dull ochraceous-
buff, the tibiae and distal extremity of the femora thickly speckled
with fine points of fuscous, which are almost entirely absent from
the ventral and lateral faces of the caudal tibiae.

Measurements (in millimeters).

Length

Cachi, Costa Rica of
body

Type 26

Paratype 22.2

Length
of pro-
notum

Greatest (cau-
dal) width of
pronotal disk

Length
of
tegmen

Greatest
width of
legmen

Length of
caudal
femur

7.2
7-i

5-2

5

30
40.5

15-8
15-6

16.5
16.1

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159

In addition to the type we have before us, from the Academy
collection, a paratypic male from Cachi, Costa Rica, taken by
Mr. Lankester in January, 1914. This specimen shows no
really noteworthy differences from the type except in color,
which is mentioned in the above description.

Coelophyllum peruvianum new species. (PI. XII, fig. 4.)

Closely allied to C. crenulatum and costaricense, but more
particularly to costaricense, from which it differs chiefly in the
distinct and relatively .abrupt obtuse-angulation at the distal
third of the costal margin of the tegmina, in the more sub-
parallel major portions of the costal and sutural margins of the
same, in the smaller eye, in the less bullate and more weakly
compressed face, and in the shorter limbs. The tegminal form
is fully diagnostic of this species.

Type. — $ ; Chanchamayo, Peru. [Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.,
Type No. 5310.]

Size moderately large; form compressed; surface smooth, of the
tegmina as in amasonicum and costaricense.

Head with the interspace between the eyes subequal to the greatest
width of the eye ; fastigium acute, immediate apex narrowly rounded,
undulate depressed, deeply but narrowly sulcate, apex well separated
from the fastigium of the face; paired ocelli large; fastigium of face
relatively acute ; face moderately bullate, appreciably but not greatly
compressed: eyes broad ovate in basal outline, moderately compressed,
directed cephalad ; antennae elongate.

Pronotum moderately compressed, the disk as in C. costaricense;
lateral lobes as in costaricense, but the humeral sinus is shallower
and more rectangulate, with the angle more broadly rounded.

Tegmina as in costaricense. except for the following differences :
Narrower, the greatest width contained faintly more than two and
one-half times in the greatest length of the same; costal and sutural
margins in large part subparallel ; costal margin with the distal third
quite sharply oblique truncate to the apex, which is narrowly rounded
rectangulate ; sutural margin straighter than in costaricense : stridu-
lating field relatively shorter and broader than in costaricense, the free
margin more arcuate distad of the stridulating vein. Wings very
faintly surpassing the apices of the tegmina.

Disto-dorsal abdominal segment as in costaricense: cerci of the usual
type but more slender than in costaricense, less incrassate proximad
and tapering more regularly: subgenita! plate of the type usual in the
genus, the distal margin U-emarginate.

l6o ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

Limbs shorter and faintly more slender than in C. costaricense.
Cephalic femora spined as in costaricense; median femora with three
spines on the ventro-cephalic margin; cephalic tibiae much as in costa-
ricense. Caudal femora considerably less than one-half as long as the
tegmina, slightly less robust than in costaricense ; ventro-external
margin with nine to eleven spines distributed irregularly over their
whole length, ventro-internal margin unspined.

General color of tegmina oil green, the body and (occasionally) the
proximal portion of the tegmina sulphine yellow (type) to dull light
cadmium yellow (paratype). Eyes auburn to chestnut brown; a fine
postocular line of bay more (type) or less (paratype) distinctly indi-
cated on the head. Pronotum occasionally (type) washed with green-
ish caudad. Tegmina with three groups of discoidal maculations ; the
first, which is at the proximal third, is composed of two mummy-
brown points, either or both of which may be ocelli form with a buffy
centre, one placed at the sutural side of the principal furcation of the
median vein, the other on the same side of the ulnar vein; median
group, placed slightly distad of the middle, having a weak buffy base
and three closely placed spots (the third — sutural — is occasionally
subobsolete), which may be ocelliform; the third group placed along
the distal fork of the principal ramus of the median vein, at the distal
fourth, consisting of a buff line along the vein and on which may or
may not be placed two or three mummy-brown points; distal half of
costal margin mummy brown, regularly and sparsely beaded with warm
buff, which also occasionally colors the tegminal tips; distal section of
the sutural margin weakly marked in similar fashion ; sutural field
washed along the principal veins with mummy brown, this tone strong
near the ulnar base. Limbs of the general body color, the tibiae and
femora marked as in costaricense, more weakly in the paratype than
in the type.

Measurements (in millimeters).

Length Length Greatest (cau- Length Greatest Length of

Chanchamayo, Peru of of pro- dal) width of of width of caudal

body notum pronotum legmen legmen femur

<f Tyfte 21.4 6.8 4.8 37.2 14 15.4

<f Paralype 20.3 6.6 4.9 37.8 14.3 15.1

In addition to the type a paratypic male from Chanchamayo,
also in the Academy collection, is now before ns. This speci-
men shows no important differences from the type, except
for the color features mentioned above.

Coelophyllum simplex Scudder. (PI. XII, figs. 5 and 6.)

1875. Coelophyllum simplex Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XVII, p. 263. [Peruvian Marafion.]

The unique type of this species, as stated by Scudder, has,

ENT. NEWS, Vol.. XXVIII.

Plate XII.

6

1.— C. AMAZONICUM.
2.— C. CRENULATUM.

COELOPHYLLUM.-REHN.

3.— C. COSTARICENSE.
4.— C. PERUVIANUM.

5, 6.— C. SIMPLEX.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS l6l

by immersion in some liquid preservative, lost all of its original
coloration, excepting the dark distal section of the ovipositor.
The species is the largest member of this group and probably
of the genus. This statement, however, may require modifica-
tion when both sexes of all the described species are known.

The extensive character of the marginal field of the teg-
mina and the form of the tegminal apices are quite character-
istic of this species, while the compression of the head and the
bull.ition of the face are marked to an exceptional degree.

Type measurements: length of body (exclusive of oviposi-
tor), 25.3 mm. ; length of pronotum, 8.2 mm. ; greatest (caudal)
width of pronotum, 6.4 mm. ; length of tegmen, 42.8 mm. ;
greatest width of tegmen, 19 mm. ; length of caudal femur,
18.2 mm. ; length of ovipositor, 6.5 mm.

The ovipositor structure of this individual, the only female
of this species group known to us, is so striking it seems de-
sirable to figure it. To what degree the other forms of the
group exhibit a similar imbricated structure of the ovipositor
surface remains to be determined.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.
Outline of tegmen (lateral aspect), (x i^.)

Fig. i. — Coelophyllum amazonicum new species. $ Type. Conta-
mano, Peru.

Fig. 2. — Coelophyllum creniilatum (Brunner). $. Caparo, Trinidad.
Fig. 3.— Coelophyllum costariccnse new species. $ Type. Cachi,
Costa Rica.

Fig. 4. — Coelophyllum perui'ianum new species. $ Type. Chancha-
mayo, Peru.

Fig. 5. — Coelophyllum simplex Scudder. 9 Type. Peruvian Ma-
ranon.

Outline of ovipositor (lateral aspect). -(x4_)

Fig. 6. — Coelophyllum simplex Scudder. $ Type. Peruvian Ma-
raiion.

Influence of Rainfall on Abundance of a Moth (Lep.).

Results of several years' observations in Louisiana, Cuba, Jamaica,
Trinidad and Barbados and careful status examination for two years
in Porto Rico show that the abundance of the Sugar-Cane Moth Stalk
Borer (Diatraea saccharalis) varies inversely with the rainfall. — G. N
WOLCOTT, University of Illinois.

1 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., 'l?

Mating Habit of the Cottony Cushion Scale (Hem.,

Horn.).

By G. O. SHINJL, Berkeley, California.

While studying the life history of the cottony cushion scale
{I eery a purchasi) for a certain experimental purpose, our at-
tention was called to a peculiar process of mating exhibited by
this insect. So far as our knowledge goes the mode of mating
in the cottony cushion scale has never been described. It is,
therefore, thought that the present paper may not be out of
place.

The adult male, soon after the last molting, folds his
wings flat on his back and remains inactive for a period of
about three days. Then, either early in the morning, or, more
generally, on a warm, dusky evening, he crawls on a nearby
twig to search for his mate. As soon as he finds a mature and
yet virgin female, he crawls on her back, pats her abdomen
with the tip of his genital prominence two or three times, and
then slowly and gently slips alongside of his mate, but never
across her head. Then he proceeds directly toward the upper
end of the twig or the branch, as the case may be. At the end
of the twig he turns around and comes back to the female
again. If at this time the bride he engaged signifies her ac-
ceptance by elevating her abdomen from the surface of the
twig, a copulation takes place ; if not, he repeats the same
process several times. In three instances we have observed
the male, after the second approach to the female, which has
not yet responded, try successfully to dislodge her abdomen
from the twig by the use of his front pair of legs. However
stubborn females seemed to be at first, they yielded to his
wishes in the long run, and a copulation resulted.

Altogether, 'in thirty-two copulations observed so far, the
process was practically the same ; he curls his abdomen up and
around the posterior end of the female until the penis is in-
serted into the genital aperture of the female. This process is
made possible by his holding himself on the fringe of the fe-
male by the hind legs, and also by the support of the wings,
which are placed firmly against the twig. No movement of

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163

antennae or of the wings was observed. While they are in
copula his antennae are dropped freely downward, making a
right angle with the long axis of the body. The first two pairs
of legs are, on the contrary, stretched upward, making also
a right angle with the line of the body. The hind legs, as al-
ready mentioned, hold the posterior portion of the female's ab-
domen, while the wings are held in such a manner as to em-
brace the twig between their distal ends.

One of the characteristic features observed in the copula-
tion of the cottony cushion scale is, then, the right-angularity
presented in the relative position of the male and female, and
also of several parts of the male. Both the antenna and the
legs of the male are each perpendicular to the body and the
body itself (of the male) is, in turn, at a right angle with that
of the female. In this respect the manner of copulation in
Iccrya purchasl differs from what has been observed in other
animals. Mr. Putnam,1 who observed the process in the cot-
tony maple scale, Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv., states: "the
male mounts the back of the female with his head in the same
direction with the female's and vibrating his antennae rapidly."
Mr. Turner2 observed a similar manner in one of the parasitic
bees (Stelidae). Among other animals. Amphibia, for exam-
ple, agree in the main with the type of copulation mentioned
by Turner. My personal observations on Sinea diadcina, Zclus
socius, most of the Aphids, Murgantia histrionica, certain Cap-
sids, Meloe, Hippodaniia convergent, Diabrotica soror and
Mitsca dotnestica among insects, and also on other inverte-
brate, as well as vertebrate, animals, all agree with the type of
copulation exhibited by the cottony maple scale, i. e., the male
mounts the back of the female with his head in the direction of
the female's. Certain Lepidopterous insects, the silk-worm
moth, for example, are often observed in copula with the head
of the male turned exactly in the opposite direction from that

Putnam, J. Duncan. Biological and other notes on Coccidae. I.
Pulvinaria innumerabilis. Proc. Davenport Acad. of Nat. Sci., vol.
TI. Dec., 1879.

2 Turner, C. Tl. Notes on the behavior of a parasitic bee of the fam-
ily Stelidae. The Journal of Animal Behavior, vol. I, No. 5. 1911,

164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

of the female. But even in this case the body of the male and
that of the female are in the same line. In other words, in the
process of mating in all the animals above mentioned, except
that which I found so far in a single species of scale insect, the
bodies of male and female are arranged either in the same or
in opposite directions, with of course, slight modifications, as
against the exact perpendicularity observed in the case of the
cottony cushion scale.

The relative time spent in the courting, if we may term
the behavior of the male visiting the female prior to the mat-
ing as such, and the actual time spent in copula are as follows :

Male No. i emerged Feb. 3, 10.30 A. M.; died Feb. 10, 10.25 A. M.
Mating I, February 7 :

Located female 3.00 P.M. In copula 3.06-3.13

Left her 3.045/2 Turned body 3.13

Returned 3.06 Left her 3.14

Male No. 2 emerged Feb. 8, 10.00 A. M.; died Feb. 16, 9.10 A. M.
Mating I, February 13: II, February 13:

Courting 4.20-4.30 P.M. Courting 5.25-5.32 P.M.

In copula 4.32-4.40 In copula 5.32-5.42

Male No. 3 emerged Feb. 8, 9.45 A. M. ; died Feb. 16, 9.12 A. M.

Mating I, February 13: In copula 4.40-4.48 P.M.

Male No. 4 emerged Feb. 12; died Feb. 19.

Mating, February 15 : Courting 4.25-4.36 P.M.

In copula 4.36-4.44

Male No. 5 emerged Feb. 12 (?); died Feb. 19.
Mating I, February 15: II, February 15.

Courting 4.40-4.48 P.M. Courting 5.30-5.45 P.M.

In copula 4.48-4.57 In copula 5-55-6.O7

Struggled to leave, 4.58-5.08

Left her 5.15

Male No. 6.

Mating I, March 2 : Courting 4-25-4-43 P.M.

In copula 5.55-6.07

Male No. 7 emerged March 3, 10.00 A. M. ; died March 10.
Mating I, March 6 :

In copula .3.40-3.48 P.M. V. Courting 7-55-8.O5 P.M.

II. In copula .4.35-4.48 In copula 8.05-8.13

III. In copula .5.45-5.55 VI, March 7:

IV. Courting ..6.55-7.05 Courting 7.20-7.36 A.M.

In copula .7.05-7.13 In copula 7-36-7-45

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165

Male No. 8.

Mating I, March 10: Courting 3-35-347 P.M.

In copula 3-47-3-55

Male No. 9.
Mating I, March 10 :

In copula ..3.50-3.57 P.M. III. In copula 540-5.50 P.M.

II. Courting ..4.47-5.01
In copula ..5.01-5.10
Male No. 10 emerged March 8.

Mating I, March n : Courting 2.33-2.44 P.M.

In copula 2.47-2.54

It is interesting to note from the above figures that there
exists a certain periodicity in the process of mating. There
occurred in almost all cases one copulation in an hour, no more
and no less. This definiteness in time 'is also observable in the
courting and in the copulation, the average time spent being
about ten and seven minutes, respectively. The same table also
shows the fact that the males do mate with more than one fe-
male, to as many as six.

Another very interesting fact observed in this connection is
that which pertains to the function of the wings and balancers
of the male. Since, as Mr. Gossard3 stated, the male rarely
takes to flight, the wings of this male scale insect are of more
use as the support for the body during the process of copula-
tion. In this explanation we see the significance of the pres-
ence of a highly modified pair of balancers. The balancers of
this insect end each with a booklet, with which they hold on
the wings and strengthen the latter.

If the wings are useful for flight only this elaborate process
on the balancers may not be necessary. Dipterous insects pos-
sess, as we know, a pair of balancers, but with no booklet.
They nevertheless fly as easily as other insects do. The bal-
ancers of the cottony maple scale again are lacking in these
booklets. Reasoning thus, I am inclined to believe that the bal-
ancers of the cottony cushion scales, whatever their original
function might have been, have been so modified as to strength-
en the wings during the process of copulation.

3C,ossard, H. A. The Cottony Cushion Scale. Florida Agri. Exp.
St. Bull. No. 56, May, 1901.

1 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

Notes on some Buprestidae of Northern Califor-
nia (Col.).

By W. J. CHAMBERLIN, Forest Entomologist, Oregon State Col-
lege, Corvallis, Oregon.

(Continued from page 139)

44. Polycesta californica Lee.

Found throughout the oak region of California, though
never common. It has been taken from dead black oak
(Quercus kelloggii) in Trinity County, Yosemite Valley and
Mariposa County ; also taken from Quercus douglasii.

45. Chrysophana placida Lee.

Found throughoiit the coniferous area of northern Califor-
nia and the Sierras, also* well distributed over western Oregon,
and no doubt extends into Washington, since the writer has
taken it 35 miles south of the Columbia River. Dr. Van Dyke
has one specimen bred from the cones of P. ponderosa. Mr.
Miller, of the Ashland Station, has bred it from the cones of
Pinus attciv.iaia. Its common host plant is Douglas fir, but it
also breeds in the upper part of small lodge pole, yellow and
knob-cone pine, and in the edges of fire scars of Abies concolor
and A. magnified.

There are three phases : a striped phase, which is the more
common, and is often taken in open fields on flowers in south-
ern Oregon ; an all-green variety, which occurs at higher ele-
vations of the middle and southern Sierras, and which the
writer has taken at Corvallis, Oregon ; the third variety is un-
striped, of a dark bronze or black color, and very scarce.

Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, of the University of California, has
very kindly furnished me with his own notes on the hosts, etc.,
of species he has taken in the northern part of the State. I
wish, particularly, to express my indebtedness to Dr. Van
Dyke for his notes on the genus Acmaeodera; practically all
the information on that genus is due to his observations, since
I have personally come in contact with but two species, A.
vandykei and A. conne.va.

46. Acmaeodera angelica Fall.

"Generally to be found flying about brush or in the flowers

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 67

of Yerba Santa, Erydectylon. Very common in the Sierra
Madre range of southern California, but also extends north-
ward. I have specimens from the following more northern lo-
calities : Mariposa County, Lake County and Lake Tahoe."

47. A. hepburnii Lee.

Very common in most parts of California. Generally to
be taken in flowers, such as certain compositae like Bacrla and
in the flowers of the evening primrose.

48. A. acuta Lee.

Perhaps even more common than the preceding and found in
similar places, also as widely distributed. There are two
phases, the common one, where the markings are broken up,
and the other, where definite stripes are formed.

49. A. connexa Lee.

"Probably the most common species which we have in the
State and widely distributed. Usually found in flowers like
the two preceding. I have also dug it out of its pupal cham-
bers from the dead branches of oak, Qnercus wlsUsenii, in
Marin County, California."

50. A. labyrinthica Fall.

"This is generally a species of southern California. I, how-
ever, have specimens from Castella, July, 1912, and from Tuo-
lumne County."

51. A. plagiaticauda Horn.

Found throughout the Sierras, but rare. One specimen has
been seen from Siskiyou County, California, and another from
Lake Tahoe. Breeds in manzanita.

52. A. variegata Lee.

This Rocky Mountain and Great Basin species courses into
California through the gaps in the mountains north of Mt.
Shasta. "I have beaten specimens from the branches of dead
yellow pine at Carrville, Trinity County, California, during
June, 1913. I believe that it breeds in yellow pine."

.".:;. A. vandykei I;all.

"Found throughout the northern and middle Sierras. It
breeds in Ccanothus. I have specimens from McCloud, July,

l68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., 'l/

1914; Sissons, July 5, 1900 (type material); Shasta County
and Mariposa County." This species occurs in southern Ore-
gon.

54. A. mariposa Horn.

"A species of the middle and southern Sierras. I, however,
have specimens from Sonoma County and Lake Tahoe and it
no doubt extends farther north."

55. A. dolorosa Fall.

"A southern species. I have specimens from Lake and
Mariposa Counties, and it probably extends much farther
north."

5G. A. hornii Fall.

"Of this Arizona species I have seen what I consider typi-
cal specimens from near Placerville, El Dorado County, July,
1906 as well as from Mt. San Jacinto, in southern Cali-
fornia. I have also seen a phase in which the marginal patch
of yellow is broken up into large blotches (otherwise not dif-
ferent) from near Placerville, Siskiyou County, and from Tuo-
lumne County."

57. A. gemina Horn.

"This species is widely distributed in the State, though no-
where common. It is generally to be found resting on twigs
or in flowers, such as those of the wild buckwheat, Eriogomtin.
I have specimens from Mariposa and El Dorado Counties, and
have seen them from much farther to the north. There are
two fairly distinct phases, the var. nebiilosa Horn, in which
the markings are much broken up, and the typical form, in
which the markings are of a lineate type. These phases, how-
ever, mate indiscriminately and may be found in the same
territory."

58. Agrilus politus Say.

Abundant throughout the West. Chiefly found on willow
in which it breeds, but also on live oak, the fine twigs of which
it often prunes, the larvae girdling the twig within the bark.
There is a blue phase (perhaps a distinct species), which
seems to be confined to the alder.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 169

5<J. A. vittaticollis Rand.

"One specimen taken by F. W. Nunenmacher in Josephine
County, Oregon, May 8, 1910, and two by myself at Carrville,
Trinity County, California, July i, 1913, on willow." Dr. Van
Dyke.

fiO. A. walsinghami Cr.

Type locality, Yreka, California. Others have been taken
in same region ; also in Inyo County, California. It breeds in
one of the desert shrubs.

01. A. nevadensis Horn.

Western Nevada type locality. There are in the Van Dyke
collection specimens from the Yosemite Valley taken on pop-
lar. It may possibly extend farther north.

Notes on some recent studies of Dragonfly Wing
Tracheation (Odon.).

By J. G. NEEDHAM, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

It was a fortunate day for the progress of our knowledge
of the Odonata when R. J. Tillyard began his observations on
the dragonflies of Australia. Previously many interesting spe-
cies had been described from that country, but they were all
known merely as museum specimens and known only from
bare systematic descriptions drawn mainly by writers in other
lands. It is fortunate when the fauna of any land is studied
on its own soil ; but in the case of Australia it is especially for-
tunate because of the large number of archaic types there oc-
curring, concerning which a more intimate knowledge has long
been desirable.

Such knowledge has been furnished by Tillyard in a large
measure; knowledge of life-histories and of habits, of ecology
and distribution, of structure and development ; and it is being
published in a series of fruitful papers of so great value that
every Odonatologist must wish that the series may long con-
tinue.

I7O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

Two of these papers1 deal with wing tracheation, and, like
the others, are based on a large first-hand accumulation of
facts. Especially valuable is the contribution to the knowl-
edge of the development of the Cordulinae, a subfamily that
is represented in Australia by many remarkable forms. But
all the groups of the available fauna have been extensively
drawn upon.

Tilly ard's studies of tracheation extend and entirely cor-
roborate my own2 in so far as facts are concerned ; but he of-
fers a different interpretation of two matters: (i) the anal
veins of the Anisoptera; (2) the radial sector of the Zygop-
tera. I desire to restate my views concerning these in the
light of the new evidence and arguments he has produced.

Tillyard's interpretation of the anal region of the Anisop-
teran wing differs but little from my own. He found, as I
did earlier, that the anal trachea is closely approximated to
the cubital for a distance and then descends through an ap-
parent cross vein ; then bends again sharply outward and fol-
lows thereafter the direct course of the anal vein. He pro-
poses to call the apparent cross vein the "anal crossing," and
this I consider an excellent descriptive term and better than
"basal cubito-anal cross vein," whether it were originally a
cross vein or not ; in one instance at least he has shown it is
not the most basal of the series of cubital-anal cross veins.
Tillyard would call the vein that forms about the conjoined
portion of the cubital and anal tracheae Cu+A ; and I see no
serious objection to this, especially since he then disposes of
the vein hitherto known as the anal by a device so little incon-
venient as merely labeling it A"3 It was not merely the thought

Tillyard, R. ]. On some problems concerning the development of
the wing venation of Oclonata. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 39: 163-
216, 3 plates, 1914.

Tillyard, R. ]. On the development of the wing venation in Zygop-
terous dragonflies with special reference to the Calopterygidae, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 40: 212-230, 6 text figures, 3 plates, 1915.

2Needham, J. G. A genealogic study of dragonfly wing venation.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 26: 703-764, 14 plates, 44 text figures, 1903.

3In his studies of tracheation of the Chrysopidae (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.
S. Wales 41 : 221-248, 1916), Tillyard also uses this simple device most
opportunely to obviate a cumbersome terminology when apparently
simple and direct veins are variously compounded. The condition there
pointed out was previously noted by McClendon (Ent. News 17: 120,
1906).

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

of an encumbered terminology, however, but a doubt as to
real homologies of the vein that kept me from doing something
like this earlier. I found that the anal trachea originates in
the position of the straight adult vein, and only later in de-
velopment moves up against the cubital, becoming twice angu-
lated. I found the extreme base of the wing saclike and open,
its membranes tardily fusing to delimit the vein cavities ; and
it was easy to 'conceive that a small marginal trachea, like the
anal, occupying a constricted place at the base of the wing
might have slipped over where there was obviously more room ;
and there was and is much doubt in my mind as to whether
the vein ever went along with the trachea. This doubt was not
resolved by reading Tillyard's paper, for he brings in no new
evidence whatever, and I have not his confidence in the con-
stancy of the tracheae. However, Professor Comstock, on
reading his paper, set about it and found some new evidence.
He reasoned that if the base of the so-called anal vein be a
secondary development, some fossil form, if primitive enough,
might show its absence. At once he found a single figure of a
fossil Acschna liassina of Brodie, which shows this condition.
At least the drawing as offered by Brodie4 and copied by Hand-
lirsch5 shows it. In other parts of the wing, however, this
drawing shows obvious inaccuracies. Wherefore, I desired to
have the facts confirmed ; so I wrote Mr. Herbert Campion to
request a re-examination of the specimen. He wrote at once
that he though it was in the Warwick Museum, but on the
I3th of May, 1916, he wrote again that it could not be found.
Assuming the correctness of this detail of the figure, the best
evidence now available seems, therefore, to be in favor of
Tillyard's interpretation.

Tillyard's interpretation of the radial sector of the Zygop-
tcra differs utterly and irreconcilably from my own. He
found, as I did earlier, that the trachea corresponding to the
radial sector is not attached to the radial trachea in any of the
Zygoptera, but appears as an added branch of the median tra-

4Brodie. Fossil Insects of the secondary rocks of England, PI. 10,
Fig. 4.

"Handlirsch. Die fossile Insecten, PI. 42, Fig. i.

172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., ' ' l"J

chea. If this trachea be conceived as a new development from
the median stern, I see no particular objection to labeling it
Ms; it it be the old original branch from radius that has found
a new basal attachment it should still be labeled Rs ; but the
vein which follows it I cannot believe to be other than Rs of
Arisopteran wings. As to the adult vein, I entirely agree with
Mr. Campion in the opinion expressed in his letter of March
i8th last when he said: "That the Zygoptera do not possess
Rs at all i,s a rather startling proposition and hardly one which
can be accepted offhand. In Zygopteran and Anisopteran
wings alike we find six longitudinal veins to be all located be-
tween R and M. These veins occupy exactly similar positions
in the two kinds of wings, and I find it exceedingly difficult to
believe that they are to be interpreted in one way in the Zygop-
tera and in another way in the Anisoptera."

Tillyard demands ontogenetic evidence ; and yet, singularly
enough, in support of his "unbranched radius theory" he of-
fers just the evidence I lacked to give me the greatest assur-
ance in the other interpretation. This evidence is not from
tracheae, however, but from cuticularization of the nymphal
wing — a sort of evidence which he himself stresses heavily in
support of his theory concerning the development of the anal
area of the wing. This cuticularization (anticipatory vena-
tion) of the nymphal wing he shows in his text Fig. 5 (Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 40; 227). This shows an actual cross-
ing, for which Dr. Ris' statement that it is "preparatory to the
development of the imaginal venation" is no explanation what-
ever. There is nothing like it in insect wings, except in ob-
lique veins where tracheae either are present or have been
present in earlier stages of development. This crossing fol-
lows exactly the course taken by the trachea Rs in the more
generalized Anisoptera and is probably the channel which that
trachea once occupied. It is for me a most satisfactory con-
firmation of the identity of the vein Rs of the two suborders
of Odonata.

Such differences of interpretation grow out of different

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173

ideas as to how the tracheation should be used as an aid to
determining the homologies of veins. The tracheation of a
nymphal insect wing is never identical with the venation of the
adult wing. It may correspond closely ; it may entirely di-
verge. Tracheation affords complete confirmation of vein
homologies in some of the lower orders, such as Plecoptera and
Corrodentia ; it is worthless for such use in other orders, such
as Trichoptera and Diptera. It is an aid in most orders, but
needs to be used with discretion and with a regard to its limi-
tations. The interpretation of vein homologies by the study
of the antecedent tracheae is a method which, like most other
methods that we use in zoology, is of value only for what it
shows. It is not all-sufficient. Let any one who is inclined to
trust to tracheation too far read Miss Morgan's study of May-
fly tracheation6 and learn caution.

The Odonata are not alone in furnishing examples of the
replacement of one principal tracheal branch by another, in-
dependent of adult venation. In explanation of its occurrence
in the Zygoptera in my paper of I9O32 (p. 713), I cite the par-
allel well known case of the attachment of trachea Mi to the
radius in I'icris, a shift of tracheae which has never led Lepi-
dopterists to change the designation of the adult vein. Indeed
Tillyard himself is not consistent; for in the second of the
two papers here under consideration he labels and discusses
as branches of A, certain tracheae that spring from the cubital
stem! If branches of the anal trachea may be shifted with-
out disturbance of the adult vein, why may not those of the
radial ?

Fortunately, sufficient comparative study will enable one to
learn when such shiftings have occurred, so that even in spe-
cialized groups the testimony of the tracheae is not wholly in-
validated. But if we proceed to change the designation of
adult veins without first learning this we shall create for our-
selves intolerable 'and unnecessary confusion. •

"Morgan, A. H. Homologies of the wing veins of mayflies. Ann.
Entom. Soc. Amer. 5 : 89-106, 6 text figures, 5 plates, 1912.

174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

The Egg Laying Habits of a Back-swimmer (Hem.)t

Buenoa margaritacea Bueno, and other biological notes con-
cerning it.

By H. B. HUNGERFORD, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

(Plate XIII)

After having read in the text-books on entomology that the
eggs of back-swimmers are inserted in the stems of aquatic
plants, it was a matter of some surprise to the writer when
he was informed that such was not the case with those ob-
served in America. In looking up the literature he very short-
ly discovered that the basis for the statement found in our
texts was the fact that Notonecta glauca, common in France,
was said by Regimbart (1874) to place its eggs in the "twigs
and petioles of plants." In a paper entitled "Observations sur
la Ponte du Dytiscus marginalis et de Quelques Autres In-
sectes Aquatiques," among the other aquatic insects he de-
scribes briefly the egg-laying habits of N. glauca and presents
a figure of a stem containing the egg in situ, the cephalic end
protruding from the stem.

This article, though not the first to mention the method of
oviposition of Notonecta glauca, has been widely quoted. An
examination of the earlier literature will disclose the fact that
the species N. glauca must also sometimes glue its eggs to the
stems of water plants. The diversity of statements regarding
the habits in question is best shown by a review of the Bibli-
ography at end of this paper, wherein are added quotations
from some of the various texts from Roesel (1746) to the
present time.

In 1896 Kirkaldy exhibited the ova of Notonecta glanca var.
urcata before the Entomological Society of London and, after
quoting Regimbart, made the following remarks : "The speci-
mens before you, owing probably to the absence of rushes
(Juncus) in the vessel, although Anacharis, which one would
have fhought suitable, was in abundance, are entirely external,
affixed basally to the stalk by a glutinous substance, as in the
allied Corixidae. That this basal fixation is not usual is evi-
dent from the fact that the ova are but feebly adherent, drop-

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175

ping off upon a slight disturbance, whereas the ova of the
Corixidae are attached exceedingly firmly."

In 1902 Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno called attention to the
fact that N. nndiilata female does not make a slit in the epi-
dermis of the leaf or stem, but merely glues the eggs along
the sides in a rather irregular fashion on the surface. In his
paper on "The Genus Notonecta in America, North of Mex-
ica, 1905," he states that out of some 1300 or 1400 ova of
four or five species observed, in all but one instance* were
the eggs attached to submerged plants or twigs.

Christine Essenberg (1915), in her studies on the habits
and natural history of the back-swimmers, reports that the
four species with which she worked at Berkeley, California,
namely, Notonecta undnlata var. charon, N. insulata, Kirby,
N. indica and an undescribed species, all attach their eggs
to the stems of plants, as noted by Mr. Torre Bueno, and even
to the backs of other insects, such as dragon fly nymphs. It
would seem probable then that in the case of all of our Ameri-
can species of this genus, the eggs as a rule are attached to the
surface of their support.

Thus a diversity in habits of oviposition between the com-
mon European form, as reported by Regimbart, and our own
species has been a matter of some interest, and it may add a
trifle to our appreciation of the American back-swimmers to
note that among them in the genus Buenoa is one which, with
more parental concern than is evinced by even the European
glauca, embeds its ova in the stems of water plants.

At this point it may be well to recall that there are three
genera of the family Notoncctidac in America north of Mex-
ico. They are Notonecta, Buenoa and Pica, which are repre-
sented by 12, 3 and i species, respectively. These may be sep-
arated by the following table, wherein is included a key to the
species of the genus Bucnoa.^

A. Legs all similar Pica Leach.

A.A. Legs dissimilar, hind legs flattened and fringed for swimming.

*This one instance was a case of A', undulata female which placed
her ova quite deeply in the stem of a water weed.
fAdapted from Bueno (1905) and (1909) and earlier workers.

176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., 'l/

B. Last joint of antennae much shorter than penultimate,

Notonccta Linn.
B.B. Last joint of antennae longer than the penultimate.

Buenoa Kirk.

C. Large species over 6 mm. long B. maryaritacea Bueno

C.C. Smaller species less than 6 mm. long.
D. Eyes large and prominent; shape slender.

B. platycncmis Fieb.
D.D. Eyes large but not prominent — shape more convex,

B. clcgans. Fieb.

Of these three genera it has long been known that the tiny
Pica places its eggs out of harm's way in the stems of the
aquatic plants. The observations have been for the European
P. mintitissima Leach, but the same is doubtless true in the
case of our own Pica striola, for the female possesses the
necessary equipment for such a task.

All American members of the genus Notonecta, at least
those that have been observed, attach their eggs by their long
axis to stems of plants, submerged brush wood and the like.
The egg of N. undulata, our commonest species, is shown in
Fig. 7, PL XIII.

It is a pleasure to report some observations on the oviposi-
tion of the female of one species of the genus Buenoa, which
is endophytic in this habit.

After futile attempts to obtain the eggs in the aquarium
which, it was supposed, would be deposited on the twigs plac-
ed therein for the purpose, an examination of the female's
equipment for oviposition disclosed the device shown in Plate
XIII, Fig 9.

With this clue, the pond was visited at once and quite for-
tunately the first object examined was literally full of the
same sort of ova which had been noted in the bodies of the
bugs. It was an uprooted smartweed (Polygonum^ floating
in the pool some fifteen feet from shore. Not only were the
stems of this green bit of smartweed swollen and distorted*
by the many eggs it contained, but the leaves also were em-

* Stem of smartweed 23 ova crowded in linear space of one centi-
meter.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

ployed as nidi with varying degrees of success. The leaves
were punctured and the egg, when present, rested suspended
beneath, attached by the collar shown in the drawing PI. XIII,
Fig. i, to the upper surface margins of the incision. The
many perforations or slits through the leaves gave their testi-
mony to the many failures in attempting to employ so thin a
structure for nidification.

Subsequently eggs have been found in floating Typha and
Juncus and have been deposited in the aquarium in the tissues
of both of these plants.

The drawings give perhaps a better idea of the eggs and
young larvae than a description, but the following are sub-
mitted for the purpose of their precise recognition.

THE OVUM.

Size: 1.125 mlT1- long by .406 mm. in its widest diameter. The size
increases somewhat with the development of the embryo within, which
causes a bulging of the stem in which the egg is inserted.

Shape. The egg is an elongate oval when seen in surface view with
the cephalic end the more pointed. (Surface view = the side, a por-
tion of which is exposed to view as the egg lies imbedded in the stem.)
In lateral view it appears nearly straight in the outline of its upper
surface while the lower is quite strongly curved.

Color. Pearly white when first laid — the surface hexagonally reticu-
late as in the eggs of Notonecta. A smooth and shiny elongate oval
area occupies the anterior half of the upper surface. This is the por-
tion exposed and is margined by a whitish band which marks the union
of the egg with the surface of the stem when in situ. As the embryo
develops, the entire egg becomes deep greyish yellow and the red eye
spots and other red markings show through the chorion. -The part ex-
posed becomes dark amber in color and very shiny in appearance. The
surface appears reticulate under magnification.

FIRST INSTAR NYMPH.

Size (in millimeters) : body length 1.85, body width .625, head width
.5, distance between eyes .156. Fore limb: femur .25, tibia .35, tarsus
.25 mm. Middle limb .387. .333 and .275 and hind limb .625, .630 and
.625 for femur, tibia and tarsus respectively.

Color. Ventral aspect: White — the abdominal fringe of hairs, the
ventral abdominal tuft, the hair tufts before the hind coxae and those
of middle coxae — black. The hairs fringing the hind tarsi are smoky
black as are the middle and fore tibia." Eyes dark red. No indication

78

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

[Apr., '17

of the red pigment in the abdomen so conspicuous in older nymphs and
adults. White with the red eyes — the only conspicuous marking.

Structural details : The absence of the median abdominal carina from
the venter, as is the case also with N. undulata nymphs, is the first and
most striking peculiarity. The interspace between the eyes is large. Beak
four-jointed as in adult. Tarsi all one-jointed, terminating in two claws.
The spiny armature of fore legs is more generalized than in later
forms. The fringe of the hind legs confined to the margins of the
tarsi.

THE OLDER NYMPHS.

In order that space may be conserved, a table of measurements for
the various instars is presented below and a discussion of the changes
in structure as development proceeds appended.

MEASUREMENTS IN MILLIMETERS OF NYMPHS OF B. margaritacea.

Instar

BODY MEASUREMENTS

LEG MEASUREMENTS

Length

Width

Width
head

FORE LEG

MIDDLE LEG

HIND LEG

Femur

Tibia

Tarsi

Femur

Tibia

Tarsi

Femur

Tibia

Tarsi

1st

1.85

.625

.5

.25

.35

.25

.387

.333

.275

.625

.63

.625

2nd

2.25

.702

.625

.375

.438

.313

.5

.438

.375

.75

.70

.81

3rd

3.225

.938

.832

.5

.62

.487

.75

.625

.6

1.1

1.1

.075

4th

4.5

1.625

1.063

.625

.75

.563

1.063

.875

.725

1.625

1.3;5

1 .28

5th

5.75

2.3

1.365

.8

1.2

.81

1.5

.625

1.125

225

1.85

1.6

6cf

7.*

2.2

1.62

1.

1.35

1.

1.75

1.37

1.25

2.5

2.25

1.95

6 ?

7.5

2 2

1.75

i.

1.5

1.

2.

1.5

1.3

3.

2.62

2.3

The adults of this species are separated in the synoptic ta-
ble from the other two species on the basis of the body length,
which is greater than 6 mm. This, with a diagnosis of the in-
stars from structural characters, may serve to separate the
nymphs of this species from those of the others. The table
of measurements above is based on an average of ten speci-
mens of each instar. A larger number would be desirable to
obtain figures dealing with ratio of growth. The writer be-
lieves that an examination of a sufficiently large amount of
material would show for head-widths and limb measurements
a ratio of i 11.25. That is to say, the width of the head of the

* Bueno gives length of species 6.7-8.1, lat. 2.23 mm.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179

second instar nymph would be approximately 1.25 times that
of the first instar nymph.

Upon attaining the adult stage a sexual dimorphism becomes
apparent. Besides the structural differences of the genitalia,
the anterior legs of the male possess on the inner faces of the
femora and tibia peculiar stridular areas.

The tibial structure is borne on the inner face of a promi-
nence, which is formed by the elevation of the inner angle or
margin of the tibia near its base into a thin but elongate spur.
This spur is lacking in the female and not discovered in the
nymphs. (See pi. XIII, Figs. 5 and 6.)

THE DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES.

Head. The notocephalic margins of the eyes which are near together
and nearly parallel in the adult are relatively much farther apart in the
first instar nymph. In the newly hatched bug, the distance at synthlip-
sis is nearly 1-3 (one-third) width of head with the margins of the
eyes diverging broadly to the vertex. As the development proceeds
from instar to instar the eyes are brought nearer and nearer to their
relations in the adult where the synthlipsis is reduced to about 7.14%
of the width of the head.

•

The beak is four-segmented and the antennae of the nymphs have
much the form of those in the adults.

Legs. The general form as in the adult. The tarsi of all the legs
one-segmented and terminated by two claws. (The tarsi of the adults
are two-segmented and end in two claws.)

Wings. The wing-pads are very inconspicuous even in the later
nymphal instars. By the third instar the pads appear on the antero-
ventral margins of the mesothorax as little flaps, the distal ends of
which reach a position on a line with the trochanter of the fore leg
when flexed. In the fourth instar they arc much larger, the apices at-
taining to a position on a line with the distal end of the mesothoracic
tibiae when the limb is flexed. In the fifth instar they are still closely
applied to the side of the thorax, but the tips of the more opaque pads
reach a point on a line with the distal ends of the hind coxae.

HABITS OF THE SPECIES.

Bncnoa margaritacca is the common representative of its
genus in the ponds and pools of eastern Kansas. It appears
to prefer the open water and is in much better equilibrium in
its watery world than the Notoncctae.

Individuals of this species may be seen in large numbers

I So ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

swimming slowly or even poising in mid-water some distance
beneath the surface. They abound in waters teeming with
Entomostraca, upon which they largely feed, the crib formed
by the closure of the anterior two spiny pairs of legs being
nicely adapted to the retention of such prey. Their dexterity
in the manipulation of this device and its efficiency in retain-
ing small beings may be demonstrated quite readily under the
binocular, and affords another of nature's illustrations of the
fitness of form to function.

Like others of the predatory class of water bugs they do on
occasion fall upon corixids and other forms than the en-
tomostraca, but not with the regularity of many of the others.

Adults appear from early spring to late fall. The eggs may
be found in May, the nymphs begin to emerge by the middle
of the month and by the I5th of June form a dominant spe-
cies to be noted in all stages of development from egg to adult
in waters suitable to their needs.

They are wilder and more difficult creatures to rear than the
Notonectae, but no less interesting objects of study. So far
as the Writer is aware there has been nothing 'noted hitherto
concerning their biology and he is glad to record for them
something of the economy of their lives.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY.

BADE, E. 1909. Das Susswasser Aquarium 3rd ed. 896 pages. Ber-
lin. (On page 657. "Das Weibchen legt die kleinen hellgelben, ovalen
Eier an Blatter ab, aus denen nach 14 Tagen die Tungen ausschlupfen

.")•

BROCHER. F. 1913. U Aquarium de Chambre. Introduction a 1'
etude de 1'histoire Naturelle — deuxieme ed. — Paris, p. 271. (Les No-
tonectes fichent leurs oeufs, aux trois quarts enfonces, dans les tis-
sues des roseaux; ou bien, elles les collent seulement contre un vegetal
ou un corps immerge quelconque.)

BROCHER, F. 1911. Recherches sur la Respiration des insectes
aquatiques adultes — la Notonecte. Ann. Biol. lacustre, 4, pp. 9-32.

BUENO, J. R. DE LA TORRE, 1902. Notoiiccta iindulata, its oviposition
in: Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc. X: p. 250. (In proceedings of society for June

3.)

ID. 1902. Notonectidae of N. Y. in : Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc. X, p. 236.
(Under Anisops platycnemis Fieb. is a description now applied to
Buenoa margaritacea Bueno.)

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS l8l

ID. 1905. The Genus Notonecta in America North of Mexico in: Jr.
N. Y. Ent. Soc. XIII, p. 144.

ID. 1909. Notonectid genus Bucnoa Kirkaldy in : Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

17, PP- 74-77-

COVVEN, FRANK. 1865. Curious Facts in the History of Insects.
Lippincott & Co. (N. unifasciata of Mexico lays eggs on the stems.)
In Kirkaldy's Revision of Notonectidae this species is not recognized.
.V. undulata.

ESSENBERG, CHRISTINE. 1915. Habits and Natural History of the
Rackswimmers in : Jr. Animal Behavior, Cambridge Vol. 5, No. 5, pp.
381-390.

DE GEER, BARON KARL. 1778. Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der
Insekten. . . .Niirnberg, Vol. 3, p. 254. (". . . . das Weibchen legt
viele weisse langlich ovale Eier, gemeinlich an die Stiele and Blatter
der Wasserkrauter.")

GLOVER, TOWNSEND. 1876. Manuscript Notes on Hemiptera. (Quotes
Ballot — A Mexican species of Notonectid lays eggs on water plants.)

HENNEGUY, L. FELIX. 1909. Les Insectes. Paris. (Quotes Regim-
bart, p. 283.)

HOWARD, L. O. 1901. The Insect Book, p. 275. (Eggs in the stems.)

KELLOGG, V. L. 1905. American Insects. (Eggs in the stem.)

KIRKALDY, G. W. 1896. Notonecta glauca, its oviposition, in: Proc.
Ent. Soc. London, 1896, p. xxvii.

ID. 1897. Revision of the Notonectidae, Pt. I in : Trans. Ent. Soc.
London, 1897, pp. 393-436.

ID. 1904. Uber Notonectiden, II Teil in: Wien. Ent. Zeit. 1904, p.
120. (Herein is created the genus Bucnoa for American forms hitherto
treated under Anisops.)

KUHLGATZ, TH. 1909. Rhynchota in : Brauer. A. Die Siiss-wasser-
fauna Deutschlands. Heft. 7, p. 81. (N. glauca "Die Eier werden in
Mehrzahl und zu einer Scheibe angeordnct an Stengeln und Blattern
von Wasserpflanzen abgelegt. Hicrzu verankert sich das female mit
dem i. Beinpaar und dem eingcbohrten Riissel an der Pflanze, in deren
Parenchym es jedes Ei zu 2-3 einschiebt.")

LAMPERT, K. 1899. Das Leben der Binnengewasser. Leipzig. (Page
143 quotes Regimbart.)

LEFROY, II. MAXWELL. Indian Insect Life. Calcutta and Simla.
(Eggs are said to be inserted in the Stems.)

MIALL, L. C. 1895. Natural History of Aquatic Insects, London.
(Page 359, quotes Regimbart.)

NOWROGEE, D. 1911. Life histories of Indian Insects II. Some
aquatic Rhynchota and Coleoptera in: Memoirs of the Department of
Agriculture in India, Vol. II, No. 9. Ento. Ser. Pusa. (Eggs of
F.nitliarcs indica Fab. laid on stems and leaves of aquatic plants.)

l82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., 'if

OLIVIER, M. 1811. Encyclopedic Methodique. Histoire Naturelle des
Insectes Paris. (Quotes De Geer, which see.)

PACKARD, A. S. 1869. Guide to Study of Insects. 9th ed. 1899. (On
page 536 quotes Roesel 1746, who says Notonccta eggs are laid on
the stems.)

ID. 1881. Half Hour Recreations in Natural History. Boston. (Ch.
6: p. 129. N. eggs on stems and leaves.)

REGIMBART, M. 1875. Observations stir la ponte du Dytiscus mar-
ginalis et de Quelques atitres Insectes Aquatiques in : Ann. Soc. Ent.
Fr. (5) V. pp. 204-205.

ROESEL, AUG. JOH. 1746-1761. Der monatlich herausgegeben. Insekten-
belustigung. Nurnberg, 4 Vols.

SCHMIDT-SCHWEDT, E. 1891. Schnabclkerfe in : Zacharias, Tier und
Pflanzenwelt des Siisswassers. Vol. II, p. 113. (N. glauca lays its
eggs on plants.)

SHARP, DAVID. 1899. Cambridge Natural History. Insects, Part IT.
(On pg. 567 quotes Regimbart.)

TASCHENBERG, E. L., 1884. Die Insekten. Leipzig. (Page 602.
Concerning N. glauca: "Mit Beginn des Friihjahres legen die Weibchen
ihre ovalen, hellgelben Eier an den unteren Theil einer Wasserpflanze
oder auf den Boden indem sic dieselben reihenweise zu einer Scheibe
aneinander kleben.")

WEFELSCHEID, H. 1912. Ueber die Biologic und Anatomic von
Pica minuiissima. Zoologische Jahrbiicher, Jena, XXXII, pp. 387-474.
(See pages 396-401 and fig. D., p. 399.)

WESTWOOD, J. O. 1839-40. An Introduction to the Modern Classifi-
cation of Insects, 2 Vols., London.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.

All the figures refer to Buenoa margaritacca unless otherwise stated.

Fig. i. Egg removed from the stem showing the clear exposed area
of the egg and its margin of white.

Fig. 2. Eggs in situ in stem of Juncus.

Fig. 3. A portion of the stem of Juncus removed to show the egg
in situ.

Fig. 4. Ventral view of the female showing the appearance of the
ovipositor and the crib formed by the two anterior pairs of legs for
the retention of entomostracans. Compare with figure 10.

Fig. 5. Inner view of the stridular areas on the femur and tibia of
the anterior leg of the male, greatly enlarged from figure 6.

Fig. 6. Inner view of the anterior leg of male showing the tibial
prominence and stridular areas.

Fig. 7. Eggs of Notonecta undulata glued to the stem of aquatic
plant. Drawn from a photograph.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXVIII.

Plate XIII.

BUENOA MARGARITACEA-HUNGERFORD.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183

Fig. 8. Newly hatched B. margaritacca. Note distance between the
eyes, the absence of ventral abdominal plate and the fact that the tarsi
are one-segmented.

Fig. 9. Lateral view of the terminal segments of the female show-
ing the ventral plate drawn to expose the strongly dentated and chitin-
ized ovipositor, by means of which incisions are made for the reception
of the eggs in the tissues of plants.

Fig. 10. Compare with figure 4. The anterior legs spread to show
the concavities of the limbs and their spiny armature.

A New Species of Acronycta (Lep.)*
By OTTO BUCHHOLZ, Elizabeth, New Jersey.

Acronycta wanda n. sp.

Ground color a uniform, very dark smoky grey. Head blackish
above. Thorax without markings save the usual black line from the
palpi to the base of the wings.

Primaries with all the markings fairly well defined. Basal line
geminate, extending to basal dash. Transverse anterior line gemi-
nate, outwardly oblique, the inner line a little more strongly defined
than the outer, especially from costa to basal dash. A very feeble median
shade runs obliquely from costa to reniform. The transverse posterior
line is geminate, the inner line very faint, the outer line black, lunulate,
the intervening space paler than the ground color. A diffusely lunu-
late, interrupted whitish subterminal line. A dusky terminal line with
larger interspacial dots, beyond which is a dusky interline in the
fringes; the latter are whitish and cut with black. In fresh specimens
the dots of the terminal line extend as fine black lines to the subterminal
line. The basal streak, which in some specimens is bordered with
white above, is heavy and extends to the outer portion of transverse
anterior line and sometimes a little beyond. A fine dagger mark oppo-
site the cell runs a trifle beyond the_t. p. line. A similar mark in the
submeclian interspace also crosses the t. p. line and is much heavier
than the other. All veins are marked blackish on outer half of wing.
The orbicular is small, concolorous, black-edged, irregular and usual-
ly complete. Reniform kidney-shaped, moderate in size and sometimes
darkened inferiorly. The two spots are connected by a black line.

Secondaries smoky in both sexes. Beneath whitish, primaries a little
darker than secondaries, with the usual outer line and discal spots.

Expanse, 1.65-1.90 inches (42-48 mm.)

Habitat Union County, New Jersey, beginning of June
and August. Four males and one female have been under ex-
amination. This species belongs in the lobeliac group and sug-
gest fio'dfcra in structure and ornamentation, but it is much
darker, almost black, and the prominent marked veins serve
to separate the two. Tn recognition of the persistent work in
this group done by my wife, I dedicate this species to her
Type a male in the author's collection. A male co-type in the
collection of F. Lemmer, Irvington, New Jersey.

184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

The New Head of the Department of Zoology and Entomology,

Ohio State University.

Professor Raymond C. Osburn, of the Connecticut College, New
London, Connecticut, has been elected Head of the Department of
Zoology and Entomology of the Ohio State University, his appoint-
ment to take effect July ist. He will assume the duties carried during
the last nineteen years by Dr. Herbert Osborn, who was last year
elected Research Professor and who will hereafter give his entire
time to research work, including a direction of research work by
graduate students, and, for the present, the Directorship of the Lake
Laboratory and of the Ohio Biological Survey.

Dr. R. C. Osburn graduated from the Ohio State University in
1898, received a Master's degree from the same institution in 1900,
and the Ph.D. degree from Columbia in 1906. Fie has been connected
as a teacher with the Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio ;
Fargo College, Fargo, North Dakota; Clinton High School of Com-
merce, New York City ; Barnard College, Columbia University, and
the Connecticut College, in which he is now Professor of Biology.

Dr. Osburn is known to entomologists as the author of a number
of papers on Syrphidae and Odonata and he was for several years
President of the New York Entomological Society. He is much
interested in the ecology of aquatic insects, but his main work has
been upon aquatic invertebrates and fishes.

Adult Chrysopidae Do Eat (Neur.).

I was very much interested in the Notes on the Feeding Habits of
Adult Chrysopidae, by L. Bradford Ripley, in the January, 1917, num-
ber of Entomological News.

By actual observation I can indorse Prof. Ripley's statement that
Chrysopidae take food in the adult stage. While my observation was
of short duration and of a single specimen, it proved beyond a doubt
that these insects are far from being abstinent. On the evening of
September igth, 1916, an adult Lace-winged fly was captured and the
next morning, having just finished eating a juicy pear, I had occasion
to examine this specimen which was in a stupid condition, as I now
believe for the want of food.

No sooner had I taken it into my hand than it began to gnaw at my
fingers, which were yet moist with the juice of the pear. Taking a tip
from this, I sprinkled some granulated sugar on my hand which it
ravenously ate.

Through a hand-glass we saw grain after grain quickly disappear,
and this little creature did not content itself to feed among the scatter-
ing grains, but waded into the thick of the sugar. This specimen was
placed back in the jar with some sugar and water where it remained
until the next morning when I took it from the jar to feed it some
more pear juice.

When placing it on my hand, as I had the day before, I found to
my disappointment that I did not have the little pet that I thought I
had, for it briskly flew away, showing that the gentleness of the day
before was caused by hunger. After finding that these insects feed
on sugar and fruit juice I have but little doubt about their feeding on
the natural sweets of flowers and plants. — WILTON T. GOE, Portland,
Oregon.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, 1917.

Ants vs. Men.

The President's address before the Geological Society of
America at Albany, December 28, 1916, printed in Science for
February 9, 1917, contains some remarks interesting to the
entomologist which the latter would hardly look for in a dis-
course entitled "The Philosophy of Geology and the Order of
the State." The speaker, distinguished and honored for his
many contributions to his science, "wishfes] to nail [certain
theses] on the doors of our temple" of geology. Among them
are

Nature makes for the individual ... In the progressive line
of development which in the present terminates in us, the procedure
of nature has been one of only limited concern for the family and of
tried out and abandoned experiment for social partnerships and the
division of labor.

A lively account of the "six-legged articulate expression of
existence" which "has led to most extraordinary displays of
morphological and psychic differentiation," culminating in the
ants, "nature's great triumph, her highest performance in com-
munistic effort and in co-operative achievement," is brought
to the astonishing conclusion that

The six-legged type with all its purposes, in its highest expression
lies prostrate on the ground at our feet, it and its achievements have
risen to nothing higher than an ant hill, its communistic relations and
subservience are entirely apart from the true genius of humanity
. For the former the student of nature's history sees no out-
come.

We say astonishing, for, while we are well aware that the
anthropocentric conception of the universe still permeates the

185

l86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

great mass of humanity, we thought that scientific men at least
were able to throw off the egotism of their own species and
look at nature from a detached standpoint. We can as little
foresee that there will be no outcome for the ants as Cuvier
was able to foresee the downfall of his law of correlation of
parts. With the human species at the present time engaged
in an almost universal attempt to destroy itself, it is farcical to
talk of its "active, progressive and fertile individualism,"
while the success of Argentine, leaf-cutting and other ants
throughout the world, despite human objections, gives one a
sufficient basis for expecting as long a continuance of these
pertinacious insects on the earth as of the, one would like to
say, satirically named Homo sapiens.

The Host of Ablerus clisiocampae Ash. (Hym.)-*

The following note is in corroboration of the observations made
upon the host of Ablerus clisiocampae Ash. by L. T. Williams. (Psyche,
October, 1916.)

In the spring of 1915, the writer bred several specimens of Ablerus
clisiocampae from the eggs of Malacosoma amcricana Fab., but at the
time was unable to make sure that the parasite had not emerged from
a scale insect, although it hardly seemed possible. In the spring of 1916,
after a few specimens of Ablerus had appeared, a number of egg
masses were taken from the twigs, and thoroughly examined for the
presence of scale insects, but none were present. With all possible
chance of the presence of scale insects thus eliminated, the parasites
continued to emerge from the egg masses in fair numbers. A repetition
of the experiment gave the same result.

These observations corroborate those made by Williams and the
original ones made by Ashmead, that this species, contrary to the
habits of the family to which it belongs, does at least at times parasi-
tize the eggs of a Lepidopterous insect.

In addition to Ablerus clisiocampae, three other species of parasites
were bred from the egg masses. They were kindly determined for me
by Mr. A.. A. Girault as Telenomus coloradensis Crawford. Tctrasti-
cluis malacosomae Girault, and Oocncyrtus sp. Of these, Tctrastichus
malacosomae was by far the most abundant, the other two species being
only occasionally found.— B. A. PORTER, Amherst, Massachusetts.

^Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Massachusetts
Agricultural College.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS l8/

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

1 — Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
2 — Transactions, American Entomological Society, Philadelphia.
4- -The Canadian Entomologist. 10 — Nature, London. 37 — Le Natu-
raliste Canadien, Quebec. 50 — Proceeding's, U. S. National Museum.
68 — Science, New York. 42 — Journal, Linnean Society (Zoology),
London. 87 — Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris.
143 — Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 153 — Bulletin.
American Museum of Natural History, New York 161 — Proceed-
ings, Biological Society of Washington. 184 — Journal of Experi-
mental Zoology, Philadelphia. 198 — Biological Bulletin, Marine
Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 223 — -Broteria, Revista
de Sciencias Naturaes do Collegio de S. Fiel. (Ser Zoologica).
235 — Memoire, R. Accademia dei Lincei, 5th series, Roma. 237—
LTniversity of Colorado Studies, Boulder. 240 — Maine Agricultural
Experiment Station, Orono. 283 — Bulletin, Societe Zoologique de
France, Paris. 284 — Bulletin, Museum National d'Histoire Natu-
relle. Reunion Mensuelle des Naturalistes du Museum, Paris. 307 —
Annales, Societe Linneene de Lyon (n. ser.). 324 — Journal of
Animal Behavior, Cambridge. 379 — Proceedings of the Interna-
tional Zoological Congress. 480 — The Annals of Applied Biology.
490 — The Journal of Parasitology, Urbana, Illinois. 509 — Revue
Generale des Sciences Pures et Appliquees, Paris. 532— Proceed-
ings, National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Amer-
ica, Washington. 538 — Lorquinia, Los Angeles. 546 — Illinois Bio-
logical Monographs, Urbana. 547 — Journal. The Franklin Institute,
Philadelphia. 548 — Physis, Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de
Ciencias Naturales.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Cockerell, T. D. A.— The fauna of Boul-
der Co., Colorado, III-IV. Diptera, etc., 237, xvii, 5-25. Dahlgren,
U. — The production of light by animals, 547, 1P17, 323-48. Falcoz,
L. — Contribution a 1'etude de la faune des microcavernes faune des

1 88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., 'l/

terriers et des nids, 307, Ixi, 59-246. Jorgensen, P. — Zoocecidios
argentinos, 548, ii, 350-05. Labitte, A. — Longevite de quelques in-
sectes en captivite, 284, 1916, 105-13. Navas, R. P. L. — Particulari-
dades sobre las alas de los insectos, 379, ix, 767-73. Neveu-Lemaire
— Parasitologie des plantes agricoles [Paris, J. Lamarre, 1913], 720
pp. Reed, E. B.— Obituary notice, 4, 1917, 37-9. Stiles, C. W.— Re-
port of the international commission on zoological nomenclature,
379, ix, 852-915. Tavares, J. S. — As cecidas do Brazil que se criam
nas plantas da familia das Melastomataceae, 223, xv, 18-49.

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. C., G. H.— Sex-limited
factors in heredity, 10, xcviii, 479-80. Foa, A. — Studio sul polimor-
fismo unisessuale del Rhizoglyphus echinopus corredato da osser-
vazioni biologiche. . . ., 235, xii, fas. 1, 109 pp. Goldschmidt, R.—
On a case of faculative parthenogenesis in the gypsy-moth, with
a discussion of the relation of parthenogenesis to sex, 198, xxxii,
35-43. Marshall & Muller — The effect of long-continued hetero-
zygosis on a variable character in Drosophila, 184, xxii, 457-70.
Plough, H. H. — Cytoplasmic structures in the male germ cells ot
Rhomaleum micropterum, 198, xxxii, 1-12.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Macnamara, C.— On the portrait of a
wolf spider, 4, 1917. 39-45. Wheeler, W. M. — The synchronic be-
havior of Phalangidae, 68, xlv, 189-90.

Ewing, H. E. — New Acarina, Part II. Descriptions of n. sps. and
var. from Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio [28 new], 153,
xxxvii, 149-72. Weidman, F. D. — Cytoleichus penrosei, a new
arachnoid parasite found in the diseased lungs of a prairie dog,
490, iii, 82-9.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Tillyard, R. J.— A study of the rectal
breathing apparatus in the larvae of Anisopterid dragonflies, 42,
xxxiii, 127-96.

ORTHOPTERA. Foucher, G.— Etudes biologiques sur le Cy-
phocrania gigas d'Amboine, 509, xxvii, 706-13. Serre, P. — L'lle de
la Trinite menacee d'une invasion de Sauterelles, 284, 1916, 101-4.

Hebard, M. — Studies in the group Ischnopterites (Blattidae) [S
n. sps.], 2, xlii, 337-86.

HEMIPTERA. Deletang, L.— Notas hemipterologicas, 548, ii,
263-71. Gibson, E. H.— Additions to the list of Missouri Cicadelli-
dae, 4, 1917, 75-6. Lizer, C. — Sobre la presencia del Chrysomphalus
paulistus, en el Delta del Parana; Ceroplastes gramlis, nuevo para
la fauna argentina, 548, iii, 432, 438. Osborn, H.— Studies of life,
histories of frog-hoppers of Maine, 240, Bui. 254. Parshley, H. M.—
Insects in ocean drift, 4, 1917, 45-48.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189

Drake, C. J. — A survey of the No. American species of Mcrragata
[2 new], 143, xvii, 101-5. Lathrop, F. H. — A preliminary list of
Cicadellidae of So. Carolina, with descriptions of n. sps. [7 new],
143, xvii, 119-131. Shinji, C. O. — The California species of Myzus
with description of a n. sp.; A n. sp. of Amphrophora from Cali-
fornia, 4, 1917, 49-51; 51-2.

LEPIDOPTERA. Fox, C. L.— A few notes on a collecting trip
around Palm Springs, Riverside Co., California, 538, i, 49-51. Gia-
comelli, E. — Sobre una nueva aherracion de Cyanohipsa stefanellii,
A proposito de una Pierida del genero Hesperocharis, 548, ii, 293-
295. d'Herculais, J. K. — Les sphingides du genre Acherontia,
Lepidopteres mellivores parasites des abeilles, 284, 1916, 17-49.
Mabille et Boullet — Description d'Hesperides nouveaux, 87, 1916,
320-5. Pictet, A. — Le role joue par la selection naturelle dans 1'hi-
bernation des lepidopteres, 379, ix, 774-88.

Swett, L. W. — Geometrid notes: The genus Dysstroma [3 new],
4, 1917, 64-72.

DIPTERA. Baumberger, J. P.— The food of Drosophila melano-
gaster, 532, iii, 122-6. Cole, W. H. — The reactions of Drosophila
ampelophila to gravity, centrifugation, and air currents, 324, vii,
71-80. Peterson, A. — The head-capsule and mouth-parts of D., 546,
iii, No. 2, 112 pp. Rennie, J.— On the biology and economic signifi-
cance of Tipula paludosa, 480, iii, 116-37. Szilady, Z. — Vorlaufige
mitteilung ueber eine Tabaniden-monographie, 379, ix, 744-5.

Alexander, C. P. — New or little-known crane-flies from the U. S.
and Canada: Tipulidae, Ptychopteridae, Pt. 3 [many new], 1, 1916,
4sr,-f>49. Cockerell, T. D. A. — A fossil tsetse fly and other diptera
from Florissant, Colorado, 161, xxx, 19-23. Cresson, E. T., Jr.—
A revision of the species of the genera Notiphila and Dichaeta
(Ephydridae) [13 n. sps.], 2, xliii, 27-66. Johannsen, O. A. — New
eastern Anthomyiidae [8 new], 2, xlii, 385-98.

COLEOPTERA. Brethes, J.— Sobre la variabilidad de algunos
Crisomelidos: cosa de "Chalcophana lineata"; Description d'un nou-
veau genre et d'une nouvelle espece de Staphylinidae myrmeco-
phile; Descripcion de un neuvo Carabiclo de la R. Argentina, 548,
iii, 424; 431-2; 464-5. Bruch, C. — Descripcion de un nuevo Tencbri-
oniclo del Chubut Calymnophorus patagonicus, 548, ii. 292-3. Mis-
celaneas coleopterologicas, 548, iii, 456-61. Ford, G. H. — Observa-
tions on the larval and pupal stages of Agriotes obscurus, 480, iii.
97-115. Frers, A. G. — Variabilidad en la coloracion de un Crisome-
lido de la provincia Buenos Aires, Lema orbignyi, 548, iii, 4:<:i-5.
. Gallardo, A. — El mirmecofilo sinfilo Fustiger elegans, 548, ii, 254-7.
Germain, F. — Histerides d'Ottawa et des environs, 37, xliii, 125-8
(cont.). Houlbert, C. — La loi de la taille et 1'evolution des coleop-

1 9O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

teres, 379, ix, 699-742. Leng & Mutchler — Supplement to prelim-
inary list of the C. of the West Indies, 153, xxxvii, 191-220. Lesne,
P. — -Notes sur les coleopteres terediles. Variabilite de certains
Lyctides de 1'Amerique du Nord, 284, 1916, 92-100. McDermott, F.
A. — Observations on the light emission of American Lampyridae,
4, 1917, 53-61. Pic, M. — Nouveaux malacodermes exotiques, 283,
xl, 95-7. Xambeu, C. — Moeurs et metamorphoses des insectes, 16
memoire, 307, Ixii, 25-42.

Blanchard, F. — Revision of the Throscidae of No. America [7 n.
sp.], 2, xliii, 1-26. Fall, H. C.— Short studies in the Malachiidae [24
n. sps.], 2, xliii, 67-88.

HYMENOPTERA. Brethes, J.— Un caso anormal en "Polistes
canadensis" var. "Ferreri"; Le genre "Xylocopa" dans la Repu-
blique Argentine, 548, iii, 423; 407-21. Carpenter, G. H.— The scar-
city of wasps, 10, xcviii, 413. Kojewnikov, G. — Sur les abeilles her-
maphrodites, 379, ix, 743. Santschi, F. — Formicides sudamericains
nouveaux ou peu connus, 548, iii, 365-99. Stoehr, L. M. — "Micro-
bembex monodonta," 37, xliii, 113-19 (cont.). Wheeler, W. M.—
The phylogenetic development of subapterous and apterous castes
in the Formicidae, 532, iii, 109-17.

Brues, C. T. — Adult hymenopterous parasites attached to the
body of their host [l new sp.], 532, iiii 136-40. Mickel, C. E. — New
sps. of H. of the superfamily Sphecoidea [many new], 2, xlii, 399-434.
Parker, J. B. — A revision of the bembicine wasps of America, north
of Mexico [some new], 50, Hi, 1-555.

CHECK LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA OF BOREAL AMERICA. By WM. BARNES,
S.B., M.D., and J. McDuNNOUGH, PH.D. Decatur, Illinois, Feb-
ruary, IQI?- Published under the patronage of Miss Jessie D.
Gillett, Elkhart. Indiana.

It has been thirteen years since we have had a list of North Ameri-
can Lepidoptera and, as the authors say, many new species have been
described and revisions made in many groups and also changes in
classification. Such a list is always useful, as far as it goes, and thei
present one has brought the Lepidoptera up to the present state of
our knowledge. Six hundred and sixty-one species of Rhopalocera
are listed as compared with six hundred and ninety-eight listed by
J. B. Smith in 1903. This difference is due to some of them beiir?
reduced to the synonymy and others being considered varieties or
aberrations. The genera used are more in harmony with common
sense than as hitherto used by some persons, but of course there is
much to be done to place them on a firm foundation. Eight thousand

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

four hundred and ninety-five species of moths are listed, whereas
Smith's list went to seven thousand, one hundred and sixty-nine,
an increase of one thousand, three hundred and twenty-six. This
is a very considerable increase, and while there will be still more
species of moths described, there will also bo a considerable re-
duction by synonymy, varieties and aberrations, as the genera are
revised and the relationships of the species better known. It goes
without saying that other students will not agree in all cases with
the authors in regard to the standing of the species, but that is to
be expected, as such a work always shows a certain amount of
personal opinion. Taking it as a whole the authors have been
conservative. The complete index is valuable. We find nothing to
condemn and much to praise, and trust that those persons for
whom the work has been prepared will be duly appreciative. — H. S.

Doings of Societies.

Feldman Collecting Social.

Meeting of December 20th, 1916, at the home of H. W. Wenzel,
5614 Stewart Street, Philadelphia; twelve members present. President
H. A. Wenzel in the chair. Prof. J. G. Sanders, State Zoologist of
Pennsylvania, elected an honorary member.

Lepidoptera. Mr. Daecke mentioned that a Mr. Anderson had
found larvae of Vanessa antlopa Linn, on willow along the Susquehanna
River, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, from which was reared one, on
September ist, that has a yellow band covering the outer half of
wings; this was exhibited and is var. hygiaca Heg. ; he stated that the
only record he knew of this "freak" is in Holland's Butterfly Book,
p. 169, pi. xx', fig. 4, 1910.

Coleoptera. Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited his rearranged col-
lection of Colydiida? and Cucujidse. Dr. Castle exhibited two specimens
of Pelenoinus obscurus LeC. from Detroit, Florida, October 15: a
species with very peculiar antennse ; he also has it from Savannah,
'Georgia. Mr. Wenzel said all his specimens are from Texas. Dr. C.
also reported breeding CaUidinm antennatitin Newm. from the larvae in
logs brought to the meeting of September 20th by Mr. Hoyer. Mr.
Laurent, quoting from an article published in Science of November
I7th, 1916, entitled "The Synchronal or Simultaneous Flashing of
Fireflies," stated that he did not believe any such occurrence ever took
place, that it was nothing but the twitching of the observer's eyelid^.
Some years ago he saw what he thought to be a case of simultaneous
flashing of fireflies (Lampyridae) ; however, he soon discovered it \vu«;
nothing but the twitching of his eyelids that caused the effect and the
insects had nothing whatever to do with it. Adjourned to the annex.

GEO. M. GREENE, Secretary.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '17

Entomological Section, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-
delphia.

Meeting of January 25, 1917. Eleven persons present. Director
Philip Laurent presiding.

Dr. Calvert exhibited specimens of some of the more striking insects
which Mrs. Calvert and he had collected in Costa Rica and which they
had arranged for reproduction as a colored plate in their book on Costa
Rica soon to appear. He also exhibited plates showing the progressive
steps necessary to produce the finished four-color plate. He also spoke
of some of the peculiarities of these insects and why they chose them
for their illustration.

A demonstration was made of a new stereopticon purchased by the
Section.

Orthoptera. — Mr. Hebard exhibited a few specimens of earwigs
showing extremes in size, the largest being 37 mm. and the smallest
being 2.5 mm. in length. He also spoke about some of the interesting
species of this family of insects. — E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder.

Entomological Workers of Ohio.

The Third Annual Meeting of Entomological Workers of Ohio
was held at the Ohio State University on February 2nd, 1917, with
thirty members in attendance. The program consisted of reviews of
projects and reports on investigations of members of the Ohio Experi-
ment Station, the State Division of Orchard and Nursery Inspection
and the Department of Entomology of the University.

The following program was presented :

Distribution of Ohio Broods of the Periodical Cicada with reference
to Soil, H. A. Gossard.

General Reports from Heads of Department Organizations:

H. A. Gossard, Ohio Experiment Station; N. E. Shaw, State Division
of Orchard and Nursery Inspection; Herbert Osborn, Department of
Zoology and Entomology, Ohio State University. H. A. Gossard, J. S.
Houser, W. H. Goodwin, R. D. Whitmarsh, D. C. Mote and J. L.
King, Reviews of Projects; Richard Eaxon, Nursery Imports; F. D.
Heckathorn, Winter Work in Nurseries and Surroundings ; H. E.
Evans, An Inspector's Itinerary for a Year; H. J. Speaker, Report of
Control of Gypsy Moth Outbreak; C. L. Metcalf, Predaceous Insects;
C. J. Drake, Notes on Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Hemiptera of Ohio;
Herbert Osborn, Problems with Meadow Insects; T. L. Guyton, Aphidi-
dae of Ohio.

A permanent organization was effected and the following officers
were elected for 1917-18: N. E. Shaw, Chairman; J. S. Houser, Secre-
tary.

C. L. METCALF, Sec'y.

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NEW ARRIVALS

From Columbia, So. America :

OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING

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andraemon Erinyis guttalaris

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200 Orthoptera

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MAY, 1917.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXVIII. No. 5.

Henry Shimer
J8284895.

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M. D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

KZKA T. CRESSON. J. A. G. REHN.

PHILIP LAURENT, ERICH DAHCKH. H. W. WENZEL.

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ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXVIII.

Plate XIV

NEW MITES-BANKS.

1. TYROGLYP-IUS SACCHARI. 5. TETRANYCHUS ANTILLARUM.

2. CHORTOGLYPHUS GRACILIPES. 6,8. SPELAEORHYNCHUS LATUS.

3. 7ETRANOBIA DECEPTA. 7. TETRANYCHINA APICALIS.

4. NOTOPHALLUS VIRIDiS

ENTOMOLOGICAL

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXVIII.

MAY, 1917.

No. 5.

CONTENTS:

Banks — New Mites, mostly Economic
(Arach., Acar. ) 193

Cockerell — New Bees from Costa Rica
( Hym. ) 200

Torre Bueno— Life-history and Habits
of the Larger Waterstrider, Gerris
remigis Say ( Hem.) 201

Metcalf — Two new Syrphidae ( Diptera)
from Eastern North America 209

Skinner — Lycaena lygdamus Double-
day and its Races with a Descrip-
tion of a New One (Lep. ) 212

Weiss — Additions to Insects of New
Jersey, No. 5 214

Blaisdell — Studies in the Tenebrionid
Tribe Eleodiini, No. 2 (Coleop.)... 221

Drake — Key to the Nearctic Species of
Gargaphia with the Description of
a New Species (Hem., Heter.) 227

Editorial — Entomology as a National

Defense 229

Mr. E. B. Williamson's Collecting Trip

in Colombia 230

The Destruction of the House Fly 231

Stiles — Notice to the Zoological Profes-
sion 231

Skinner— Pupal Differences in Mega-

thymus ( Lep. ) 232

McDunnough — Synonymic Notes on N.

American Lepidoptera 232

The Collector's Exchange. 233

Blaisdell — A correction (Col.) 234

Chamberlin — A correction (Col.) 234

Entomological Literature 234

Doings of Societies — The American En-
tomological Society 237

Newark Entomological Society 238

Feldman Collecting'Social 236

New Mites, mostly Economic (Arach., Acar.).
By NATHAN BANKS.

(Plates XIV, XV).

The following new species are part of the great amount of
material sent to the United States Bureau of Entomology for
determination. The species of definite economic value I have
described, and also a few that represent peculiar genera, new
to the collections. A new arrangement of the genera of red
spiders is also proposed, including three new genera.

EUPODIDAE.

Notophallus viridis n. sp. (PI. XIV, fig. 4; PI. XV, fig. 14).

Dark greenish, legs reddish, a red spot on dorsum near tip, and
one on venter also near tip ; mouth parts red. Body about one and
one-third times longer than broad, almost globose, high and broadly
rounded behind, above with scattered, fine, short, simple hairs. Legs slen-
der; legs T and IV as long as, or a little longer than body; tarsi T about
as long as the preceding joint, tarsus IV plainly a little shorter than

193

194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

the preceding joint, legs with long slender bristles, more numerous,
but shorter, below than above. Mandibles with a slender blade and
the opposite portion tipped with a process of several curved teeth ;
palpi short and stout, last joint scarcely longer than the preceding
one.
Length, .8 mm.

From Tempe, Arizona, December 14, 1911 (A. N. Wilson),
and Wagoner, Oklahoma, December 3, 1914, on wheat.

TETRANYCHIDAE.
Tetranychus antillarum n. sp. (PI. XIV, fig. 5; PI. XV, fig. 13).

Body yellowish, fully twice as long as broad, tapering at each
end, with long stout bristles above; two each side in front, the
anterior much shorter than the other, abdomen with five in a
submedian row each side, and a sublateral row of four bristles,
each as long as femur I. Legs shorter or barely as long as body,
legs I and IV subequal, leg II about two-thirds as long as leg I,
all with long bristles, one on the femur longer than the joint; claw
of tarsus strongly bent. Mandibles (inside view) very broad just
before tip, then suddenly concavely narrowed to the hook, which is
small. Palpi very small and inconspicuous.

Length, .35 mm.

On leaves of Leonotis nepetaefolia, August 6, 1912, Rio
Piedras, Porto Rico (T. R. Jones), also on Asclepias curassa-

inca.

TETRANOBIA n. gen.

The stigmata are in a distinct horn each side at base of the
mouth parts. Legs moderately long, first pair as long as the
body; the tarsi are plainly shorter than the preceding joint, and
end in a single claw. The body is furnished with fine, simple
hairs like Tetranychus, and there is no four cleft plate on the
front margin. The palpi are stout and the thumb tipped with
fingers as in Tetranychus.

Type Tetranychus longipes Bks., and includes also the fol-
lowing new species.

Tetronobia decepta n. sp. (PI. XIV, fig. 3; PI. XV, fig. 15).

Body about one and one-half as long as broad, broadest behind
the middle, and at this point very high ; clothed sparingly above with
a few, very short, simple bristles, mostly behind, but one pair on
front margin over the mandibles. Legs very slender; leg I as long
as body, II not half as long as leg I, III but little longer than II,

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

IV about as long as width of body; all tarsi shorter than the pre-
ceding joint, but more plainly so in leg I; all with long, scattered
bristles, most of them more than twice as long as the width of a
joint. Palpi very short and stout; thumb cylindrical, ending in
three equal fingers.
Length, .65 mm.

From Mesa, Arizona, on barley, March 27, 1913, collected
by R. N. Wilson.

TETRANYCHINA n. gen.

There are no prostigmatal horns ; the legs are very long and
slender, legs I and IV longer than body, and the tarsi much
shorter than the preceding joint, each ending in a toethed
claw, tarsi I a little enlarged near tip ; palpi stout ending in
thumb and fingers. Body with stout, usually serrate bristles.

Type. — T. apicalis n. sp.

Includes also, I presume, the Neophyllobius fiarti Ewing.

Tetranychina apicalis n. sp. (PI. XIV, fig. 7).

Body less than twice as long as broad, strongly convex above,
a pair of bristles on the front, and two pairs of erect bristles near
the tip of abdomen, the hindmost pair almost clavate, both pairs
arising from tubercles and are minutely serrate. Legs long and
slender with a few very short, fine hairs; leg I much longer than
the body; femur I nearly as long as the body; leg II hardly more
than one-half as long as leg I, leg III longer than body, and leg
IV much longer, but shorter than leg I, all tarsi shorter than
preceding joint, and tarsi I plainly a little larger near tip than
elsewhere. Palpi rather stout, with a slender thumb, ending in two
equal fingers, and a stout bristle or finger, near the upper tip.

Length, .5 mm.

From St. Bernard, Louisiana, on white clover, March 24,
1912. (Parks).

STIGMAEOPSIS n. gen.

Basal part of mandibles united into a plate as in Tetrany-
chus, and apical part long, styliform as in that genus. Legs
thick throughout as in Tenuipalpus, but not wrinkled, two
claws, tarsi as long as preceding joint ; palpi long, large and
porrect, with the thumb not extending beyond the claw. Skin
not reticulate, but finely striated. Spinning small dense webs
under which they live.

196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

Stigmaeopsis celarius n. sp. (PI. XV, figs. 9, 11).

Yellowish to greenish, mouth parts often reddish. Body about
twice as long as broad, broadest in the middle, cephalothorax with
two long bristles each side, one at humerus, four near tip of ab-
domen, a pair of large ones near the middle of dorsum, and sev-
eral pairs of smaller ones above. Legs short, thick, hardly longer
than the width of body, with a few simple hairs; one near tip of
femur is very long. Palpi somewhat curved outwardly, with an
out-turned curved apical claw, the thumb pointed. Mandibular plate
narrowed at tip, not notched.

Length, .3 mm.

From Oneco, Florida, living in small colonies under small,
dense, white webs which are placed here and there, often near
ribs, on leaves of bamboo (Bainbusa mctakc) (Sasscer).

The description of the above three new genera in the
Tetranychidae offers an opportunity to tabulate the genera of
this family known to occur in our country. The length of the
tarsi compared with the preceding joint, a character hitherto
unused, readily divides the family into two sections.

I — Tarsi (at least tarsus I) much shorter than the preceding joint;

at least leg I as long, or longer, than body 2

Tarsi as long as preceding joint; leg I rarely as long as the

body 5

2 — Front margin of cephalothorax with a thin four-lobed or cleft-
plate; body with scale-like hairs Bryobia.

No such plate on front of body 3

3 — Body with simple hairs ; prostigmata in a horn each side at base

of mandibles Tctranobia.

Body with spines or stiff serrate bristles; prostigmata not in a

horn 4

4 — Tarsi I enlarged a little toward tip; palpi stout Tetranychina.

Tarsi I tapering to tip; palpi small and slender; coxae close to-
gether Ncophyllobius.

5 — Dorsal surface divided into many small areas; claws two, very

large Raplni/uathus.

Dorsal surface not so divided 6

6 — Palpi very slender, and not showing plainly the claw and the

thumb arrangement; mandibles not elbowed near base 7

Palpi stouter, showing plainly the claw and thumb arrange-
ment : . . . 8

7 — Legs transversely wrinkled; large, bordered ventral aperture;
eyes present Tenuipalpus.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Legs not transversely wrinkled ; ventral aperture smaller ; eyes

indistinct Tetranychoides.

8 — Prostigmata in a horn each side at base of mandibles ; body short
and broad, with large, prominent spines above. . .Tetranychopsis.

Prostigmata not in a horn, or body not with spines 9

9 — Mandibles styliform, elbowed near base; and with a supra-
mandibular plate; body not elongate, and thumb not extend-
ing much beyond claw ; spinning webs 12

Mandibles less styliform, not elbowed near base; no supra-

mandibular plate 10

10 — Coxae close together; body rather short Achcles.

Coxae in two well-separated groups; body elongate n

II — Thumb extending much beyond the claw; palpi very long,

Caligonus.

Thumb barely extending beyond the claw Stigmaeus.

12 — Palpi very long, porrect; legs short and thick to tip. .Stigmaeopsis.
Palpi shorter, pendant; legs slender, and tapering to tips.... 13

13 — Claws divided into four Tetranychus.

Claws single, entire Oligonychus.

Claws divided into two Schlzotctrany chits.

Paratetranychus Zacher -: Oligonychus Berlese 1896.

This genus is made for T. pilosus; we have it in this country,
and also in this genus are T. bicolor, T. inodcstns, T. simplex
and T. yothcrsi.

Schizotetranychus Tragardh.

This has recently been proposed for T. schizopus Zacher ;
T. mytilaspidis and T. pratensis will go in this group. Tragardh
has divided Paratctranychns, using Ncotctranychns for those
species which have the single claw without a cluster of hairs
at base: T. bicolor, T. modestus would go in it. T. latus and
T. banksi on account of reduced claws would form a new sub-
genus which may be called Eutetranychus.

PARASITOIDEA.

Spelaeorhynchus latus n. sp. (PI. XIV. figs. 0, 8).

Yellowish; head and anterior part of shield brownish, a blackish
spot on each side of the head and on each side of the shield in front;
legs brownish yellow, except the pale articulations and bases of hairs.
Head as long on sides as in middle, where it is faintly emarginate,
above with crossed ridges. Dorsum of body as broad as long, broad-
est behind the middle, the posterior margin slightly emarginate in
middle ; a few short hairs above, one pair on front margin, on sides

198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

one between legs I and II, one over leg II, two over leg III, and
four on each posterior side, and three each side near tip, the latter
longer than the others, and a few on disc, mostly near the outer
margin. Dorsal shield about one and one-half times as long as
broad, broadest at lateral angle, much narrowed behind; legs not as
long as body, with short, simple bristles, mostly at base and tips of
joints, and arising from hyaline spots. Venter with a triangular
shield, broader than long, and with two hyaline spots each side, each
with a hair; hind margin of coxa I with a spur behind; stigmal plate
twice as long as broad.
Length, 1.6 mm.

From Obispo, Canal Zone, on bat, January (Goldman).

Differs from S. praecursor in that the body is broader be-
hind, in longer dorsal shield, in head less produced in the mid-
dle, in the longer stigmal plate, in shorter sternal shield, and
the less hairy body. I consider that this genus is fully as
closely related to the Parasitidae as to the Ixodidae, and would
place it in a family in the super family Parasitoidea. The head
is very different from the capitulum of the ticks ; and the
sternal plate, posterior genital opening, and the retractile man-
dibles ally it more to the Parasitidae.

Iphiopsis obesus n. sp. (PI. XV, fig. 12).

Yellowish brown. Body pyriform, about one and one-half times
longer than broad ; the dorsum with a few scattered minute hairs aris-
ing from hyaline dots, venter with larger short, almost spinelike hairs;
legs with simple hairs, and four each side on the sternal plate, the mid-
dle ones close together. Sternal plate, concave behind, not reaching
behind coxae III; genital plate U-shaped, and plate rather large,
broad in front, anus near its hind margin ; on the venter are two
transverse, corneous plates, the outer one the larger. Spiracles not
twice as long as broad, elliptical; legs very stout, hardly as long as
the width of body, each tipped by a very large caroncle, most of the
joints (except the last) broader than long; first pair of legs not as
stout and shorter than the others ; palpi very hairy near tip.

Length, .75 mm.

From Altamonte Springs, Florida (F. H. Lewton, coll.).

TYROGLYPHIDAE.
Tyroglyphus sacchari n. sp. (PI. XIV, fig. 1; PI. XV, fig. 10).

Body pyriform, about twice as long as broad, broadest behind the
middle; cephalothorax rather long, much narrowed in front, the man-
dibles prominent. Dorsum with long, simple bristles behind, but not

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate XV.

NEW MITES-BANKS.

9, 11. STIGMAEOPSIS CELARIUS.

10. TYROGLYPHUS SACCHARI.
12. IPHIOPSIS OBESUS.

13. TETRANYCHUS ANTILLARUM.

14. NOTOPHALLUS VIRIDIS.

15. TETRANOBIA DECEPTA.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199

as long as in T. lintneri; in the female the bristles not as long as the
body, in the male plainly as long as the body ; also long humeral and
cephalic bristles. In male the legs I and II are plainly larger than in
the female; no spines on tarsi, only fine hairs, that at tip of penulti-
mate joint as long as the tarsus, sense-hair on tarsus I longer than
width of the joint at that place; tarsus I about as long as the two
preceding joints together; tarsus IV slender, plainly a little longer
than the two preceding joints together, only a faint, short hair at
the tip of the hind tarsus.
Length, .35 mm.

From St. Croix, Danish West Indies, June 14, 1913, on
sugar cane (D. Longfield Smith).

Chortoglyphus gracilipes n. sp. (PI. XIV, fig. 2).

Colorless. Body broad, subglobose, in front the mouth parts form
a prominent beak, the mandibles are very large and short, the palpi
with slender joints. No hairs above on body. Legs very slender, but
not nearly as long as the body ; the femora, patellae and tibiae are
subequal in length, the tarsi extremely slender and nearly as long
as the three preceding joints together; claws minute, all tibiae with a
very long hair at tip, and in hind legs some hairs near apex of femora
and patellae ; tarsi with a hair toward base beneath, but no preapical
ones visible. Genital aperture of female very large, as large as en-
tire beak, nearly as broad as long, angulate in front. At tip of body
is a prominent down-curved spine, and each side of it a fine hair.

Length, .3 mm.

From Tampa, Florida, August 5, in tobacco infested with
the cigarette beetle (Runner). The first record of this genus

in our country.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLATE XIV.

Fig. i. Tyroglyphus sacchari, legs I and IV.

2. Chortoglyphus gracilipes, under side.

3. Tetranobia deccpta, mandible, palpus and spiracular horn.

4. Notophallus viridis, tarsus, palpus.

5. Tctranychus antillarum, palpus, mandible.

6. Spelacorhynchus latus, dorsum.

/. Tetranychina apicalis, side, tarsus I, and palpus.
8. Spelaeorhynchus latus, sternum and spiracle.

PLATE XV.

g. Stigmacopsis cclarius, tarsus I, palpus with supramandibular plate.

10. Tyroglyphus sacchari, tip of abdomen.

11. Stigmacopsis cclarius, dorsum.

12. Iphiopsis obcsus, venter, peritreme, caroncle and epistome.

13. Tctranychus antillarum, leg I.

14. Notophallits liridis, leg I.

15. Tetranobia decepta, leg I.

20O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

New Bees from Costa Rica (Hym.).

By T. D. A. COCKERELL, Boulder, Colorado.

Epicharis phenacura n. sp.

$. Length about 21 mm.; anterior wing, 17 mm.; black, the head,
legs and abdomen (but not the thorax) marked with yellow; eyes very
large, orbits diverging below ; vertex and front with dark brown hair,
cheeks with brownish-white; mandibles black with minute yellow spot
at base; labrum, clypeus (except a broad black band on each side, not
reaching upper margin), semi-circular supraclypeal mark, lateral face-
marks (which are narrow, with a linear extension above), and nearly
all of front of the short and very thick scape, all light yellow; clypeal
ridges distinct, but obtuse; flagellum dark.

Thorax with short dense hair, dark greyish-brown (seal-brown)
above, gradually becoming rather paler below, scutellum bigibbous ;
tegulae dark; wings fuliginous; upper and lower sides of second sub-
marginal cell nearly parallel, recurrent nervure joining lower side very
slightly beyond the middle; knees with yellow spots; anterior tibia
with yellow band on basal half; spur of middle tibia contorted, and
abruptly bent apically; tarsi ferruginous, more or less infuscated bas-
ally, apical joint mainly yellow; hind basitarsi broad and long, pale
reddish, with a prominent angle in front beyond the middle ; hind tibiae
and especially tarsi with long ochreous hair behind ; hind femora with
brownish-black hair.

Abdomen not at all metallic; first segment with a narrow yellow
band, failing in middle; segments 2 to 4 yellow, except a broad apical
dark band; segments 5 to 7 honey-color; apical plate very large, nar-
rowly truncate at end.

San Carlos, Costa Rica (Schild and Btirgdorf). U. S. Nat.
Museum. This remarkable species resembles Centris flavo-
picta Smith in many respects, but it has the structure of Epi-
charis. In Friese's table of Epicharis it runs near E. fasciata
Lep., from Bahia, but is quite distinct.

Epicharis conura n. sp.

9. Length 22-24 mm.; anterior wing 16 mm.; black, with conical
ferruginous abdomen (not marked with yellow), the first segment with
the dorsal surface black, but the basin (especially its margins) red;
hair of head and thorax mainly black, but becoming grey on cheeks,
sides of thorax and metathorax, quite pale on lower part of pleura;
mandibles black; labrum large, with three small yellow spots or a
large yellow triangle; clypeus with a minute yellow dot in middle of
the flattened, shining disc, and a pair of spots, more or less obsolete,
near lower margin; a small triangular yellow supraclypeal mark ; lateral

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2OI

face-marks elongate, more or less semi-lunar, contiguous throughout
their length with orbits; scape very short and thick, without light
markings; apex of third antennal joint, the short fourth joint, red
beneath, the extreme apex of flagellum also reddish; mesothorax gran-
ular, with scattered small shallow punctures ; scutellum deeply emargi-
nate behind; tegulae black; wings dark fuliginous; legs black, the an-
terior and middle ones with mainly black hair, the hind tibiae and tarsi
with an enormous pale golden scopa ; abdomen dull ; apical plate con-
cave, broadly truncate.

San Carlos, Costa Rica (Schild and Burgdorf). U. S. Nat.
Museum. One specimen bears the number 5. Related to E.
conica Smith (which I have from Maroni, Guyana), but
larger, with yellow markings on head in female, and the scu-
tellum differently formed.

Life-history and Habits of the Larger Waterstrider,
Gerris remigis Say (Hem.).

By J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, White Plains, New York.

Of all the bugs I know, I can think of none so amorous as
our. common large water-strider, Gerris remigis of Say. From
the earliest days of spring, when the Frost King releases the
waters from his bondage, till the cloudy days of autumn, when
the leaves fall and the winds grow bleak at his return, these
beasties are common and familiar sights to the lover of the
quiet flowing waters running to the distant seas. In these
haunts, in some stil! little bay or moveless backwater, under a
bridge, or in the shadow of a tree, or in the cool recesses of
an overhanging bank, you may see remigis gathered in num-
bers, rowing silently about, now and again skipping to escape
the maw of some greedy fish, or pouncing on some unfortu-
nate insect fallen into the water and struggling to escape from
the clutches of that deadly element. Here they rear large fami-
lies and spend at ease the sultry dog-days. When winter comes
again the old generation have passed away and their young
descendants, now full-grown, seek shelter against frost and
snow under nearby logs or stones on the banks, .or crevices
in them ; there to sleep until in the round of days Old Sol routs
the chills of winter and spring once more ushers in the leaves

202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 'l/

and flowers, and vivifies all the reproductive powers of nature,
in which Gerris is not the least factor.

That great American naturalist, Thomas Say, who, finding
himself in a new Paradise, like Father Adam of old, spent his
days busily giving names to fhe theretofore nameless multi-
tude of living things which del.ghted his eye, was the first to
recognize Gerris remigis as dis inct from the European G.
pahidum Fabricius, describing it in 1832. Since his day other
entomologists have referred to his species more or less at
length, among them Packard, Comstock, Uhler (who has giv-
en by far the best account of the insect in the Standard Na-
tural History), and Howard, till we come to the present, when
it has been the subject of many short articles and studies. Uh-
ler has been heretofore the source of most of our information
on this species and in the work mentioned he briefly describes
its habits. The scantiness of information about the life and
habits of Gerris remigis and of the other nearly-related forms
led me to try to work out a life-history by breeding the spe-
cies in aquaria. This was begun some nine or ten years ago
and brought to a partial close in 1908, when, after some trou-
ble, a single specimen was brought through to maturity.

In nature the life-history of Gerris remigis appears to be
briefly this : Breeding and oviposition begin as early as Feb-
ruary, or in the first warm days of spring. (I have found
them mating in early April, while one still slept under a stone.)
It is seemingly continuous all through the summer, and it is
not unusual to find nymphs in various stages in company with
the adults. I have found them thus in late May and as late
as the middle of October, nymphs in two or three stages be-
ing together. The mother lays her cylindrical pearly eggs end
to end along the edges of grasses or other vegetation growing
into the water, to which she attaches them by means of a col-
orless waterproof glue. Here they develop more or less quick-
ly, according to the temperature, the little bugs showing day by
day more and more plainly through the shell. At the end of a
week or ten days they burst the shell and escape into the water.
The little bugs remain submerged for an hour or two, swim-
ming about, until finally they succeed in piercing the surface

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2O3

film and by main strength wrench themselves free from its
fatal clutches. Some, indeed, perish by drowning, although
their vitality is surprising. In time, some six days or so, they
cast their skins with accompanying changes in structure. This
takes place four times more before they reach the perfect in-
sect at the end of about six weeks. It is thus possible for G.
remigis to have at least three j generations in a summer, if not
more, depending, of course, on the length and temperature of
the season.

For food Gcrris remigis depends on other insects and it is
very voracious. I have found it sucking Capnia necydaloidcs,
the small stone-fly, abundant in this latitude, so very early in
the spring that it is frequently frozen into the snow when the
sun that melted its surface no longer shines upon it.

In the aquaria it is fed flies, the most common, abundant and
obnoxious insect of the summer, although any other insect
would do as well. A specimen I had in an aquarium played
havoc with the other living things, devouring such tough cus-
tomers as Notonecta and Dineutes, after a long struggle, in
which each was endeavoring to get the other. It finally perish-
ed to a Notonecta irrorata. If sufficiently hungry they will
feed on their own nymphs and even on each other.

Polymorphism is not displayed by this species, which is only
dimorphic, being found, but very rarely, fully winged, its com-
mon form being apterous. The possession of wings always
causes a change in the structure of the thorax to accommodate
the much enlarged muscles which the use of organs of flight
requires. These winged adults are generally found solitary
in the most unlikely places — isolated little pools, springs, rock-
holes, beach drift1, far from the favorite haunts of this stream-
loving bug.

The manner in which it uses its legs for propulsion is quite
interesting. The first pair is prehensile and is used to hold its
prey. In locomotion its tarsi only touch the surface of the
water. The bug rows itself with the middle legs only, the
tarsi being in contact with the water along their entire length,

1 1915. Heteroptera in Beach Drift. Bueno, Ent. News xxvi : 277.

2O4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

while the third pair is used only in steering, both tibia and
tarsus lying on the surface for this purpose. The wings, when
present, are serviceable, the European forms being recorded
as using them in night flights, not observed with our species.

It is said that when closely pursued Gerris dives to escape
and swims under water, but I have never been able to induce
or force any of those I have seen to perform for me.

Gerris remigis is parasitized by a bright red water mite,
which attacks it in all stages of development. T have found
in midsummer an individual with head completely covered with
these larval mites, excepting the eyes and beak ; a winged speci-
men had the thorax invaded. In September a young nymph
was taken similarly infested. Matheson and Crosby2 observed
the minute Proctotrypid, Limnodytes gcrriphagus, also known
in Europe as a parasite of gerrid eggs, ovipositing on those of
remigis, one to each egg.

The external anatomy of Gerris remigis is fairly known, but
so far no one has worked out the internal anatomy and physi-
ology of the species. Dufour3 investigated the anatomy of its
European congener, Gerris najas de Geer (canalium Dufour).
He studied the digestive tract, the hepatic and the reproductive
systems, and in pi. V, Figs. 59-64, he illustrated certain ana-
tomical details and also the digestive tract. He states that "the
stigmata of Gerris are of microscopic size and very difficult to
detect because of the lustrous silky pile which covers them.
There are six pairs, all near the outer edge of the venter, out-
side of darker lines." He also says the trachea are tubular
and elastic and of capillary fineness. Dufour also remarks
that it has an alcalescent odor and quotes De Geer as calling it
buggy. I myself have not noted this in remigis. Bergroth4
describes a perforated median tubercle in the metasternum,
which he calls "omphalium," and queries if it be the unpaired

2I9I2. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. v : 67. Aquatic Hymenoptera in America.
Robert Matheson and C. R. Crosby.

3 1833. Recherches Anatomiques et Physiologiqnes sur les Hemi-
pteres. Memoires de Savans Etrangers, pp. 197, 346, 371, 400.

4 1902. On the Thorax of the Oerridae, Ent. Mo. Mag. (2), xiii,
258-260.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2O5

opening of the stink-gland. This omphalinm is perfectly visi-
ble in G. remigis, in specimens with a reddish venter ; in dark
individuals it is difficult to see, but with care may be detected
readily. It also appears to vary in size somewhat and is plac-
ed at the caudal margin of the metasternum, right at the su-
ture. N. Leon5 states that the Gerridae have labial palpi, which
I have not ^detected in our species. Fyles6 finds remigis weighs
one grain. Henneguy7 refers to the number and structure of
the malpighian tubes in the genus and to the pulsatile organs
in the legs (p. 87), quoting Locy and Behn. Uhler records
that it varies in color, a circumstance scarcely worth noting,
as it cuts no figure specifically, which is the reason for its men-
tion here. Some species are recorded to fly by night, but ours
have not been observed doing so. Two fossil species of the
genus are known from Canada, perhaps the ancestors of our
forms.

Gerris rcinigis is extremely hard to keep in confinement. No
sooner is it in an aquarium than it begins to dash itself madly
against the sides. Now and again a tamer specimen is secured
and such will even breed in confinement. Ordinarily, however,
they get water-logged from their frantic efforts and, sinking,
drown. But even these sunken individuals, after some time,
as Mr. C. E. Olsen has observed, if rescued before it is too
late and carefully dried, may return to active life. Gerris
remigis, like all the other semi-aquatics, is densely clothed
with a velvety pubescence in all instars, which it furbishes and
preens and currycombs constantly, by means of the tibial
combs, with which each tibia is furnished, a toilet necessity
found in them from their earliest youth.

A very careful study of the reactions of Gerris has been
made by Christine Essenberg8. She studied the Calif ornian

5 1897. Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Labiums der Hydrocoren. Zool.
Anz. Bd. 20, No. 527.

"1910. 4ist Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario,
P- 53-

7 1904. Les Insectes, p. 80.

"1915. Journ. An. Behav. v., No. 5, pp. 307-402. The Habits of the
Water Strider Gerris remigis.

206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 'l/

Gerris orba Stal, which differs in some habits from ours, for
instance, in floating on its back, something never noted in
remigis, and in taking to land to escape pursuit. Remigis
generally skates away at top speed and is quite expert at turn-
ing and twisting to avoid an enemy. She also notes death-
feigning, especially in some individuals. A number of other
interesting tests were made which might with advantage be
repeated on Gerris remigis.

Life history notes on Gerris conformis and Liinnogonus
hcsione were published by Carl J. Drake9.

Gerris remigis is well illustrated in a number of places, the
best being Fig. 8 in Comstock's Insect Life, and Fig. 225 in
Folsom's Entomology.

Gerris remigis mates "par superposition," as Gadeau de Ker-
ville has it10 and as Amyot and Serville describe for najas11.
The period of gestation is not known, nor the number of eggs
one female is capable of laying, although this has been deter-
mined for other species of the genus.

Egg. Long cylindrical, rounded at both ends and slightly concave at
the micropylar end. There is one micropyle, and the chorion is some-
what thickened at this end, except at the concavity, where it thins some-
what. It is clear white in color when freshly deposited and the chorion
is roughened superficially but not sculptured in regular designs. The
egg is attached to the aquatic plants by a clear, colorless waterproof
glue secreted by the female.

This reproduces the observations of Dufour (op. c.} already cited,
and those of Uhler (op. r.).

In an aquarium they were attached to a little piece of wood,
provided as a resting place, especially on the submerged part,
but apparently were not glued on. The eggs develope in about
two weeks or ten days, and the little bug emerges. It does
not hatch out through a cap or lid, as do many of the Heterop-
tera, but through a simple slit lengthwise of the chorion, which
splits it for a varying distance in a straight line, at times not
quite one-half its length, at others nearly to the other end from
the micropyle.

'1915. Ohio Nat. xv : 503.
I0i902. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 68.
"1846. Hist. Nat. Hem. p. 415.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2OJ

Nearly immediately on emerging the nymph casts a diaphan-
ous pellicle, very soft and hairy, so soft that it does not retain
its shape at all and is nearly invisible on the surface of the
water. This pellicle, which I prefer to consider in the nature
of an amnion rather than as a true molt, shows the one-jointed
tarsi, subapical claws, tibial combs on all legs, but the other
details are much obscured. The covering hairs are long and
matted. As already noted the just-hatched nymphs sink and
have to break through the surface film before beginning active
life.

Nymph, First Instar. The antennae are moderately stout, joint 2
shortest, 4 longest, as long as i and 3 together, next in length being I
and 3. The ommatidia are round. All the tarsi are i-jointed and all
the tibiae have combs. The first pair of legs is shortest and the 3d
longest; the tibia and femur are subequal in the first pair; in the sec-
ond the tibia is longer than the femur and in the third shorter. The
legs are set apparently very far back, due to the excessive shortness of
the abdomen arising from the very narrow, ringlike segments. The
head is rounded and hairy with a few scattering long setae. The ros-
trum is stout, with the third joint longest, then the 4th, followed by the
2d and ist in that order. The 4th is black and tapering.

Second Instar. This instar is much the same as the first, except that
the legs are not apparently so far back on account of the lengthening
of the abdomen. It is also changed as follows : The first pair of legs
continues the shortest, but the second is the longest; the tibia of the
first pair is shorter than the femur and in the second pair they are sub-
equal, while in the third pair the tibia continues shorter. The second
joint of the antennae is the shortest; the first and third are subequal
and the fourth longest as before. In the cast skin in this and all in-
stars, the second joint appears cupped at the distal end and the third
joint is sunk into it nearly half way. In this instar in the cast skin,
from which these dimensions and proportions were taken, a long spir-
acle is seen on the propleurae, near the upper edge.

The nymph in this and other instars was mounted in balsam, and in
this case too much shrunk for exact study.

On emerging from the first molt, the nymph is very translucent and
rather colorless, excepting the eyes, which are red.

Third Instar. In this the nymph is as in the first, except as follows :
The anterior femur and tibia are subequal, the proportional length of
the legs and proportional length of leg joints remaining as before. The
antennae are as before, except that the third joint is longer than the
second, the first longer than either, the fourth continuing the longest.

2O8 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [May, 'l/

Fourth Instar. The greater part of the characteristics of the nymph
are as in the preceding instar. The antennal joints show the greatest
change. Joints I and 4 are equal and longest; joint 2 continues the
shortest, half as long as i and two-thirds as long as 3. The hind and
middle femora show dark spots from each of which springs a long hair
or seta. Scattered thorns are also seen on them.

Fifth Instar. This cannot be described, as the only specimen brought
to maturity died while molting and the cast skin was not available.
The excessive heat and moisture of the aquarium apparently weakened
it.

Burmeister states that the nymphs of Gcrris may be distinguished
from the adult by having single-jointed tarsi. This is the case with
(7. remigis, which shows no sign of two tarsal joints in the fourth in-
star, but has them in the adult.

Table of development of Gcrris remi(/is Say.

Oviposited April 6; May 31 ; Aug. 3 \ ^ d

Emerged April 19; June 12; Aug. 15 I

Molt T April 26: June 16, 17, 18; Aug. 21 6

Molt II June 20, 21, 22, 24; Aug. 27 6

Molt III June 25, 30; Sept. T 5

Molt IV July 5, 6 ; Sept. 8 7

Molt V Sept. 18 10

Total days — 37 (four molts) 46 (Complete cycle)

From the above it is seen that the embryonal and four
nymphal stages took thirty-seven days, from the end of May
to early July ; the complete cycle, from oviposition to the adult,
took in August and September, forty-six days, which, assum-
ing a period of ten days for the last nymph, would make the
time nearly equal. These are aquarium results, and this con-
dition makes for stability, in that the moisture, heat and food
are all there, and that there are not the fluctuations there would
be in the open, with cool June days and a precarious food sup-
ply. In nature, I would look for decided variations in the
period, depending on the temperature largely. The embryonal
period ranged from ten to twelve days; the first nymph from
four to seven ; the second, four to six ; the third, from five to
ten; the fourth, from five to ten, and the fifth (one example),
was ten days. Mr. C. E. Olsen, working independently, found
the fifth instar fifteen days long, in late June.

In conclusion I urge the complete and detailed study of the
life history of this bug, which, it is evident from this rough
preliminary sketch, presents many interesting problems.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. xxvili.

Plate XVI.

NEW SYRPHIDAE-METCALF.

A-D. CINXIA CAROLINENSIS. E, F. SPHAEROPHORIA CLEOAE.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 2OQ

Two new Syrphidae (Diptera) from Eastern North

America.

By C. L. METCALF, Ohio State University, Columbus.

(Plate XVI).

Cinxia* carolinensis new species (Plate XVI, figs. A, B, C, D).

At once distinguished from the described North American
species in lacking the black facial stripe and in having but a
single fascia, or pair of spots, on the abdomen.

$. Length 10 to n mm. Vertex black, but little shining, with
dusky yellow pile much lighter on the occiput. The eyes contiguous
or nearly so for about the length of the vertical triangle. Frontal
triangle densely whitish yellow pollinose, except for a shining black
lunule above the base of the antennae and a very slender, median,
impressed line. In some lights the blackish ground color shows
through, especially next the eyes. The front covered with very deli-
cate, silvery pile which continues down the sides of the face, gradually
thinning on anterior orbits to the lower corner of the eye. Face yel-
low; whitish yellow pollinose like the frons, except for a broad glab-
rous band over the tubercle, but not reaching the base of the an-
tennae, which is shining waxy yellow. Cheeks (jowls) brownish black
with moderate pale pile and a broad contiguous band in front of the
jowls from eye to oral margin deep shining black, bare. Anterior
mouth edge narrowly blackened.

Face in profile (Plate XVI, Fig. B) much produced downward and
forward, more than usually concave below the antennae and with a
prominent tubercle about equalling the frontal prominence; abruptly
constricted below the tubercle and thence straight to oral margin.
Lower mouth edge convex, forming with the plane of the occiput an
angle of about 130°. Posterior orbits somewhat inflated below, whit-
ish pollinose, and with delicate pale pile. Proboscis and palpi en-
tirely brownish black, about as long as the depth of the eye.

Antennae brownish yellow, the first two joints darker, the third joint
subquadrate, with angles much rounded, a fifth deeper than its length
on the inner side beyond second joint. The arista two and one-half
times this length, basal, reddish yellow, plumose, with about a dozen
rays on the upper side not extending to the tip and two-thirds as many
below, the latter wanting on the basal third and at the tip.

Mesonotum moderately shining bronze black, with thick but delicate
yellow pile, humeri whitish pollinose. The scutellum obscure reddish
brown to black with similar pile. Pleurae shining black with thinner
pile. A small indistinct brownish yellow spot on the upper sterno-

*Cin.ria Meigen (1800) — Scricomyia Meigen (1803).

2IO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 'l/

pleura and another above the middle coxa on the pteropleura. Plumula
and tegulae white, the latter with yellowish pile, halteres yellow.

Abdomen (Plate XVI, Fig. C) about one-fifth longer, and the second
and third segments broader, than the thorax, broadest at end of second
segment; black, moderately shining, rather strongly arched, with mod-
erate pile, which is black on the posterior margin of the second and on
the disk of the third and fourth segments, elsewhere yellowish, longer
on the venter, on the genitalia and at the sides of the second segment
where it is also denser, but in no place obscuring the ground color. An
interrupted yellow fascia on the anterior half of the second segment
which takes the form of two narrow, elongate, slightly oblique spots, a
little less than one-fourth the width of the segment and attenuated
somewhat toward either end ; interrupted by more than twice their
width and separated from the lateral margin by one-half more than
their width. The black of the segment contiguous to these spots is
opaque. Elsewhere the abdomen is immaculate except for a slight mar-
gin of yellow on some of the genital plates posterior to the fourth seg-
ment. Venter with yellow as follows : posterior angles and narrow
posterior margin of first segment, the second segment except a median
black spot, and a stripe on the posterior margin of the third segment.
Elsewhere, including the genitalia, black, shining.

Wings (Plate XVI, Fig. A) on the costal third brownish, clouded,
occupying most of the costal, subcostal and marginal cells. Veins
brownish throughout. Anterior cross-vein four-ninths the distance
from base of discal cell, the third longitudinal vein broadly but con-
siderably bent into the first posterior cell, the latter pediform.

All the femora slightly thickened, hind pair very slightly curved; in-
cluding the coxae, reddish to blackish brown, the tips yellow. Tibiae
yellowish, the anterior ones slightly, the hind pair much infuscated in
the middle. Tarsi yellow, the last two joints brownish. Pile chiefly
pale yellow, longer on the femora.

Described from two males : The type collected by the writer
at Raleigh, North Carolina, in mid-April, 1914, about blossom-
ing pear; in the author's collection. Para-type (without head)
collected by Mr. Franklin Sherman, Jr., at Raleigh, North
Carolina, in late March, 1908 ; in the collection of the North
Carolina Department of Agriculture.

Sphaerophoria cleoae new species (Plate XVI, figs. E, F).

9 . Length 8 mm. Vertex deep blue black, moderately shining. The
black encroaches to a variable extent on the frons, particularly as a
median stripe narrowing toward, and not reaching more than half-way
to, the base of the antennae, or sometimes reaching nearly to the latter

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211

and widening slightly to form a biconcave arch above their bases. The
black also projects on each side as slight points along the eyes. Re-
mainder of the frons, the face and cheeks entirely wax yellow, shining,
or, rarely, the cheeks and jowls slightly infuscated or even entirely
blackened. The anterior mouth edge sometimes narrowly blackish and
more or less infuscation on the facial tubercle but not forming a
definite stripe. Posterior orbits densely pollinose and pilose; with
somewhat flattened silvery white pile on lower half, infuscated and
with delicate brownish yellow pile above. Pile of vertex black, that of
fions mostly pale yellow, delicate. The face nearly bare a few very
short delicate pale yellow hairs. Cheeks long yellow pilose. Antennae
of the same color as the face, the third segment rounded, about as
deep as long, the upper and distal parts more or less infuscated ; the
first and second segments entirely pale yellow with minute stiff black
hairs especially on the upper side. Arista brownish, bare, somewhat
thickened on the basal third.

Face in profile (Plate XVI, Fig. F) prominent, slightly concave from
antennae to tubercle and again slightly constricted before the mouth
edge. On lower part produced forward about half the width of the
eye. Anterior mouth edge not equaling the tubercle.

Thorax brownish black, moderately shining, with two faintly whitish
pollinose, narrowly separated stripes, obsolete behind. The lateral mar-
gins broadly and brightly yellow on humeri and to the suture, thence a
little less brightly but still distinctly yellowish to the scutellum. Pleurae
with the usual distinct yellowish spots on the prothorax, meso- and
meta-pleurae and on the upper parts of sterno- and ptero-pleurae.
Scutellum, plumula, squamae and halteres entirely yellowish. Pile of
the dorsum yellow, fine, moderately abundant; the lateral margins, the
scutellum, and more or less of pleurae with delicate pale yellow pile.

Abdomen black, rvith doubly interrupted yellow fasciae, moderately
shining, the lateral margins continuously yellow. First segment metal-
lic shining, the lateral margins broadly and a very slender line on the
anterior margin yellow. Second, third and fourth segments each with
an arcuate, yellow crossband, which is completely or nearly interrupted
on each side about a third of the way from the lateral margin to the
middle line. The lateral parts of the arcuate bands consist of more or
less prominent angular projections antero-mediad from the lateral mar-
gin. Fifth and sixth segments each with an interrupted, arcuate yellow
band, the halves resolved into somewhat hammerlike yellowish spots.
Sometimes these segments all yellowish except a median spot and one
on each side blackish. Narrow posterior margins of third to fifth seg-
ments yellowish. Remainder of abdomen and the venter all yellowish.

Legs including the coxae and trochanters pale yellowish with fine
black hairs on femora and hind tibiae and tarsi; on the coxae long pale

212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

yellowish. Tarsi usually slightly infuscated, rarely quite black. Wings
transparent, the stigma alone slightly yellowish ; veins brownish.

Described from fifteen females taken at Orono, Maine,
chiefly about blossoming mustard. Seven paratypes August
n, 1.915; the type August 16, 1915, three paratypes August 19,
1915, three paratypes August 24, 1915, and one paratype July
12, 1916. Named in honor of Mrs. Cleo Fouch Metcalf, who
collected the first and the type specimens. The type is in the
collection of the writer, paratypes in the collections of the
Maine Agriculture Experiment Station and the Ohio State

University.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.
Cinxia carolinensis n. sp. $ .
Fig. A— Wing, X 8.
Fig. B — Head, lateral view, X 8.
Fig. C — Scutellum and abdomen, dorsal view, X 8.
Fig. D — Genitalia, ventral view, X 7.

Sphaerophoria cleoac n. sp. 5 .
Fig. E — Dorsal view, X 5.5.
Fig. F— Head, lateral view, X 8.

Lycaena lygdamus Doubleday and its Races with a

Description of a New One (Lep.)-

By HENRY SKINNER.

So far as I am aware the typical form of this species is very
rare in collections. We have two specimens collected by James
Ridings in Hampshire County, Virginia (now West Virginia)
in 1857. Last spring, Morgan Hebard presented a fine pair
to the Academy, taken at Hot Springs, Virginia, May /th, at
an elevation of 2,500 feet. These specimens agree perfectly
with the excellent description of the species by Doubleday. The
type locality of lygdamus was, in all probability, Jacksonbor-
ough, Screven County, Georgia. This county is on the extreme
eastern border of the State about the middle line. They were
collected by Abbot and we are indebted to Dr. S. H. Scudder
for information in regard to this famous old collector and
artist.* Abbot lived in Jacksonborough, but the town no longer

*Butts. Eastern U. S. & Can. i, p. 651.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213

exists. Doubleday says the specimens he described in 1842
were sent to England by Abbot, that they were taken in pine
woods, March 2ist, and that the species is very rare. Double-
day says Abbot confounded the species with Papilio crcbus
Fabr. - = damactus Hiibn.

The next name proposed was bchri Edw. in 1862, and the
locality given was "California, from Dr. Behr." It is likely
from this that the type locality was San Francisco. Bchri is
larger, lighter in color and of more violet blue than lygdamus
and the spots on the underside of the primaries are larger than
those of the secondaries, whereas in lygdamus the spots are
of the same size.

Oro Scudder was described in 1876, and the author says, "I
have only seen this species from Colorado." The description
says it is close to bchri but averages larger. The upper sur-
face of the wings of the male is almost entirely destitute of
the pruinose bloom of Nomiades lygdamus and is of a tenderer
blue, which permits all the spots of the under surface to be
seen upon the upper side. Oro is exceedingly close to bchri
and some specimens are difficult to separate except by the local-
ity labels. The name may be retained for the central area
form or the connecting link.

Con-peri Grote was described in 1874, from the island of
Anticosta, Canada. Scudder says it extends from Anticosta
and southern Labrador to Lake Winnipeg and the Saskatche-
wan. Afra Edw., 1883, was described from "the Deer River"
country, from specimens taken by Captain Geddes. This was
described from the female and may be considered a synonym
of conpcri. Couperi covers the area from Illinois to Alaska
and from Canada to Colorado. It varies greatly in size but is
smaller than bchri and oro. I can't think of any species of
Lye aena that varies more in size than lygdamus and its races.

There is another form for which I propose the name

Lycaena lygdamus Columbia ne\v race.

It is of a deeper shade of blue than the other forms and the
texture of the wings is less delicate. The spots on the xinder-
side of the wings are larger than in bchri, but not as large as

214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 'lj

those of lygdamus, nor is it as dark in color below as lygdamus.
It is the largest form, the males expanding 30 mm. and the
females a trifle more.

Described from type, male, from Port Columbia, Washing-
ton, April 25th, 1916, and paratypcs, one male and two females,
with the same data. They were sent to me by Mr. J. C. Hop-
finger. There are other specimens from Olympia, Washington ;
Corfield, Vancouver; and Lake Tahoe, California. Typical
lygdamus is darker in color on the underside and the black
spots are larger and the surrounding white line relatively small-
er than in any of its races.

Scudder made lygdamus the type of his genus Glaucopsyche,
but later* placed it as a synonym of Nomiadcs Hiibn. The
species nearest to lygdamus is .verccs Boisduval and its forms.
I have examined about 150 specimens of lygdamus and its
forms from various localities. The species flies during March.
April and May, according to latitude and elevation, but is
found a trifle later in the far north. We possess a few speci-
mens taken in early June at Eagle, Alaska, and at Banff, Al-
berta, Canada. Our specimens are from Eagle, Alaska ; Banff,
Alberta ; Great Slave Lake, Canada ; Beulah, Manitoba ; Lab-
rador ; Anticosta, Quebec ; Osoyoos, British Columbia ; Cor-
field, Vancouver ; Port Columbia, Washington ; Umatilla and
Fort Klamath, Oregon ; Los Angeles, Riverside, Truckee and
Lake Tahoe, California; St. Ignatius, Montana; Madison, Wis-
consin ; Taylors Falls, Minnesota ; Denver and Fort Collins,
Colorado ; Chicago, Illinois ; Virginia and West Virginia.

Additions to Insects of New Jersey, No. 5.f

By HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick. N. J.

According to Mr. Chas. Schaeffer, in the Journal of the New

York Entomological Society, vol. 24, p. 167, Elater carboni-

color Esch., listed in Smith's "Insects of New Jersey" on page

285, is an Alaskan species and should therefore be dropped.

*Can. Ent. 1876, p. 21.

tSee the NEWS, xxvii, p. 162. April, 1916.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215

The species in question was Elater rubricus Say wrongly
identified as carbonicolor.

The present list contains over one hundred species and I am
greatly indebted to Mr. S. A. Rohwer, Mr. Morgan Hebard,
Mr. Harold Morrison, Mr. E. R. Sasscer and Miss E. M. Patch
for identifications in their respective fields and also to Mr. H.
B. Scammell, Mr. A. S. Nicolay and others whose names are
mentioned in the text for their kindness in notifying me of
their findings.

Inasmuch as the 1909 list contains many Staten Island rec-
ords, attention is called to the following publications of Mr.
Wm. T. Davis dealing with the insect fauna of that island:
List of Macrolepidoptera of Staten Island (Proc. S. I. Assoc.
Arts & Sciences, vol. Ill, part I, October, December, 1909),
Notes on Macrolepidoptera of Staten Island (Proc. S. I. A. A.
S. vol. IV, parts I and II, October, 1911, May, 1912, vol. V,
parts III and IV, October, 1914, May, 1915).

Order NEUROPTERA.

Rhyacophila formosa Banks. Delaware Water Gap. (Slosson)
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 37, p. 353).

Wormaldia plutonis Banks. Delaware Water Gap. (Slosson) (T. A.
E. S. vol. 37, p. 358).

Order HOMOPTERA.

Micrutalis calva Say. Pemberton, June 21, on black walnut. (H.
B. Scammell).

Thionea bullata Say. New Brunswick, VII, 24. (Coll).

Stenocranus dorsalis Van D. Whitesbog, Oct. 21, sweeping cran-
berry vines. (H. B. Scammell).

Megamelus nigrodorsum Crawf. Pemberton, Oct., 1914 (H. K.
Plank) July, 1914. (H. B. Scammell).

Diedranotropis cubana Crawf. Whitesbog, Oct., 1914. (H. B.
Scammell).

Platymetopius irroratus Van D. Pemberton, Sept., 1914, Browns
Mills, June, 1915. (H. B. Scammell).

Platymetopius nasutus Van D. Pemberton, June, 1914. (H. B.
Scammell).

Thamnotettix melanogaster Prov. Cookstown, Oct., 1914, (H. K.
Plank).

Psyllia buxi Linn. Springfield, Rutherford, East Orange, River-
ton, July, August. (Dickerson & Weiss). An imported species
which has become established in New Jersey on boxwood.

2l6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 'l/

Trioza alacris Flor. Rutherford and other places on Laurus nobilis
in greenhouses during winter and outside during summer.
Nymphs curl leaves of host doing considerable damage. Intro-
duced several years ago from Belgium. (H. B. Weiss).

Aphis pseudobrassicae Davis. Freehold (Headlee) and undoubted-
ly other parts of the state. The false cabbage aphis.

Macrosiphum luteum Buckton. Summit, in greenhouse on orchids.
(H. B. Weiss).

Rhopalosiphum rhois Monell. Arlington, July 8 on Rhus copallina.
(Dickerson & Weiss).

Saltusaphis americanus Baker. Whitesbog, Oct. 21, 1914, on bog
grass. (H. B. Scammell). (C'anad. Ent. vol. 49, p. 3).

Saltusaphis ballii Gill. Whitesbog, XI-13, 1915, on 3-square grass.
(H. B. Scammell). (Canad. Ent. vol. 49, p. 4).

Saltusaphis elongatus Baker. Whitesbog, Oct. 21, 1914, on bog
grass. (Scammell & Plank) (Canad. Ent. vol. 49, p. 6).

Asterolecanium hemisphaericum Kuwana. Riverton, May IS, on
bamboo. Introduced several years ago from Japan and evidently
doing well in southern New Jersey. (H. B. Weiss).

Odonaspis secretus Ckll. Riverton, May 18, on Bambusa metake.
Imported from Japan several years ago and doing well in N. J.
(H. B. Weiss).

Phenacaspis nyssae Comst. Milltown, July 22, on sour gum.
(Dickerson & Weiss).

Order HEMIPTERA.

Podisus fretus Olsen. New Brunswick, V, 18. (Bull. Brook. Ent.
Soc. vol. XI, p. 82).

Stephanitis rhododendri Horv. Should replace Leptobyrsa c.rplan-
ata Heid. of the 1909 list according to G. C. Champion in Ent.
Mon. Mag. Sept., 1916, p. 207.

Microvelia fontinalis Torre Bueno. Westfield, Sept. 3, 1904. (Tor-
re Bueno). (Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. vol. XI, p. 58).

Phymata vicina Handl. Madison (Paulmier), Lakehurst, June
(Barber). (J. N. Y. E. S- vol. 20, p. 134).

Tenthecoris bicolor Scott. Occasionally found in greenhouses feed-
ing on Cattleya orchids. (H. B. Weiss).

Paracalocoris scrupeus var. diops McAtee, Lakehurst, VI-30 (W.
T. Davis); var. bidens McA., Lakehurst, VI-30, Singac, VI-15;
Ramsey, VI-23 (W. T. Davis). (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. vol. IX,
No. 4).

Paracalocoris colon var. colonus McAtee. Lake Hopatcong, VII-4
(W. T. Davis). Trenton (A. E. S. A. vol. IX, No. 4).

Paracalocoris adustus McAtee. Lakehurst, VI-13 (W. T. Davis).
(A. E. S. A. vol. IX, No. 4).

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Order ORTHOPTERA.
Blaberus discoidalis Serv. Rutherford, Secaucus, in greenhouses.

Introduced from South America. (H. B. Weiss).
Conocephalus crepitans Scudder. Erma, August, 1910 (W. T.

Davis). (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 21, p. 178).
Conocephalus melanorhinus R. & H. Tuckerton, Sept. 1, 1907 (W.

T. Davis). (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 21, p. 177).
Diestrammena marmorata Haan. In greenhouses in New Jersey

(H. B. Weiss).

Order COLEOPTERA.

Calosoma sycophanta L. Ramsey (Sleight). (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

vol. 20. p. 205).
Elaphrus cicatricosus Lee. Ft. Lee (Schaeffer). (Jour. N. Y. Ent.

Soc. vol. 20, p. 74).
Bembidium postfasciatum Ham. Little Falls, VI, G, by washing

banks. (A. S. Nicolay).
Sphaeridium bipustulatum Fabr. Upper Montclair (Nicolay), Hack-

ensack Meadows (Wintersteiner). (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol 20.

p. 68).

Atheta castanoptera Man. Little Falls (Nicolay).
Stilicus rudis Lee. Lakewood, April 5. Found while sifting leaves

around lake. (A. S. Nicolay).
Cathartus longulus Blatch. Upper Montclair, May 29, under stone.

(Nicolay).

Hister fungicola Schaeffer. Jamesburg. (Brook. Bull. vol. 8, p. 27).
Atomaria laetula Lee. of 1900 list should be replaced by A. dis-

tincta Casey. (Schaeffer).
Dermestes pulcher. South Amboy (Schott). (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

vol. 24, p. 309).
Hetaerius blanchardi Lee. Upper Montclair, May 29, a pair in an

ant's nest under a stone. (A. S. Nicolay).
Microrhagus audax Horn. Ft. Lee, July 26 (Schaeffer). (Jour. X.

Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 24, p. 167).
Microrhagus imperfectus Lee. Ft. Lee (Schaeffer). (Jour. N. Y.

Ent. Soc. vol. 24, p. 167).
Cardiophorus erythropus Er. At Highlands (Schaeffer). (Jour.

N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 24, p. 167).
Elater pedalis should replace E. luctuosus of 1909 list (Schaeffer).

(Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 24, p. 167).
Melanotus opacicollis Lee. Lakehurst, August (Schaeffer). (Jour.

N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 24, p. 167).
Corymbites atropurpureus Melsch. Paterson, May 3 (Doll). (Jour.

N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 24, p. 167).
Corymbites copei Horn. Lakehurst (Schaeffer). (Jour. N. Y. Ent.

Soc. vol. 24, p. 167).

2l8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

Throscus carinicollis Schaeffer. New Jersey (Bull. Brook. Ent.

Soc. vol. 11, p. 63).
Melyrodes cribrata Lee. Ft. Lee, May 23 (Woodruff & Davis) on

blackberry blossoms. (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 24, p. 154).
Anthocomus erichsoni Lee. Lakehurst, July 9 (Woodruff & Davis).

(Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 24, p. 154).
Attalus melanopterus Er. Lakehurst, June 17 (Woodruff &

Davis). (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 24, p. 154).
Diplotaxis tristis Kirby. Palisades, May G (A. S. Nicolay).
Mordellistena smithii Drury. Jamesburg, July 3 (W. T. Davis).
Corphyra labiata Say. Passaic, common in grass (A. S. Nicolay).
Rhinomacer pallipennis Blatch. New Jersey (Leng). (Rhyn. of

N. E. A. by Blatchley & Leng, p. 51).
Auletes albovestita Blatch. Orange Mountains, Anglesea, Brigan-

tine Beach. April to August on bayberry (Myrica cerifera L.),

also on foliage of leather leaf (Chamae daphne calyculata L.).

(Rhyn. of N. E. Amer.). This species replaces cassandrae Lee.,

of 1905 list.
Cholus cattleyae Champ. In an orchid house at Secaucus feeding

on and breeding in the pseudo-bulbs of Cattleya gigas. Intro-
duced from Tropical America. (H. B. Weiss).
Cholus forbesii Pasc. Found with the above species. (H. B.

Weiss).
Anthonomus atomarius Blatch. Ocean County, swept from oak

shrubs (Leng). (Rhyn. of N. E. Amer. p. 290).
Anthonomus likensis Blatch. Orange, June, by beating honey lo-
cust (Leng.). . (Rhyn. of N. E. Amer. p. 30).
Thysanocnemis balaninoides Schaeffer. New Jersey. (Rhyn. of N.

E. Amer. p. 242).
Thysanocnemis bischoffi Blatch. Bloomsbury (Bischoff). (Rhyn.

N. E. Amer. p. 241).
Tychius picirostris Fab. Palisades, May 23; Upper Montclair,

May 29 (A. S. Nicolay).
Ceutorhynchus neglectus Blatch. Chester, Hemlock Falls (Rhyn.

N. E. Amer. p. 447). This species replaces pusio Mann of 1909

list.
Diorymellus laevimargo Champ. In orchid houses in New Jersey.

Beetles feed on leaves and flowers of Cattleya and Dendrobium

spp. (Weiss).
Acypotheus orchivora Blackb. In orchid houses in New Jersey,

breeding in pseudo-bulbs of Dendrobium spp. and feeding on

various parts of the plants. (H. B. Weiss).
Tricrania sanguinipennis Say. Lahaway, April 14, 1916. (R. P.

Dow).

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Order LEP1DOPTERA.

Hesperia montivagus Reak. August, on clover, Passaic Park,
1899 (rare). (M. H. Mead).

Eutolype bombyciformis Sm. Union County, April (F. Lemmer).

Anytus teltowa Sm. Elizabeth, September 2, September 20; Lake-
hurst, September 27; Vineland, August 29. (Psyche, 1910).

Arzama (Bellura) brehmei Br. and McD. Cliffwood, May 15. (H.
H. Brehme).

Nannia refusata Wlk. Hopatcong, July 20 (F. Lemmer).

Alcis sulphuraria Pack. Hopatcong, July 20 (F. Lemmer).

Brephos infans Moesch. Hemlock Falls, April (Watson and Corn-
stock); Jamesburg, April 23 (Watson). Larva on white birch.
(Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vol. 20, p. 218).

Nymphula obscuralis Grt. Passaic Park, July 29, August 15, Sep-
tember 1 (M. H. Mead).

Achroia grisella Fabr. The lesser wax-moth. New Egypt and
other parts of the State. Not numerous. (E. G. Carr).

Tortrix georgiella Walk. Whitesbog, June 10, 1915. Bred from
larva on blueberry, J'accininm corymbosum. (H. B. Scammell).

Holocera elyella Dietz. Essex County (Kearfoot). (T. A. Ent.
Soc. vol. 36, p. 50).

Phuphena u-album Guen. Lakewood, October 1, 1914. Bred from
pupa taken from soil of cranberry bog. (H. K. Plank).

Ectoedemia populella Busck. West Norwood, August 15, 1916
(H. B. Weiss). Gall on petiole at base of leaf of Populus trcmu-
loides.

Order HYMENOPTERA.

Diprion simile Hartig. Rutherford, South Orange, Elizabeth, July
22. Larvae on pine (Dickerson & Weiss). An European spe-
cies which has become established in New Jersey.

Janus abbreviatus Say. Bound Brook, Rutherford, Irvington, Eliz-
abeth, Secaucus, South Orange, Springfield. Larvae in poplar
and willow shoots. (Dickerson and Weiss).

Andricus brevicornis Beut. Lakehurst. (T. A. Ent. Soc. vol. 39, p.
245).

Meteorus trachynotus Vier. Whitesbog, August 2. Parasitic on
Ancylis comptana Froehl. (H. B. Scammell).

Cremastus minor Cush. Whitesbog, August, 1915. Bred from
Khopobota racciniana Pack. (H. B. Scammell).

Cremastus forbesii Weed. Pemberton, May, 1915. Bred from Ge-
Icchia triolbamaculclla Cham.; Whitesbog, August, 1915. Bred
from Rhopobota racciniana Pack. (H. B. Scammell).

Sesioplex validus Cress. Pemberton, August, 1915. Bred from
Hyphantria cnnca Dru. (11. B. Scammell).

22O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 'l/

Sympiesis ancylae Girault. Whitesbog, July, 1916. (H. B. Scam-

mell).
Eulophus magnisulcatus Girault. Jamesburg, reared from a cherry

"Colcophor." (Ent. News, vol. 27, p. 404).
Arthrolytus aeneoviridis Girault. Whitesbog, July, 1916. (H. B.

Scammell).
Monodontomerus dentipes Boh. Bred from cocoons of Diprion

simile. (Weiss.)
Coelopisthia rotundiventris Gir. Bred from pupae of Plagiodcra

I'crsicolora. Irvington. (E. L. Dickerson).
Pleurotropis tarsalis Ash. Bred from pupa of Plagiodcra vcrsi-

colora. Irvington. (E. L. Dickerson).

Lasius murphyi Forel. Female at Chester, August 2. (E. L. Dicker-
son).
Vespa austriaca Pank. Ft. Lee, July 16 (Bequaert); Staten Island,

July 16. (Hine).
Halictus floridanus caesareus Ckll. Ocean Grove, July 12. (Bull.

Brook. Ent. Soc. vol. 11, p. 11).
Halictus oceanicus Ckll. Ocean Grove, July 12. (Bull. Brook. Ent.

Soc. vol. 11, p. 11).

Bombus ternarius Say. Lake Marcia (High Point). (F. E. Lutz).
Bombus terricola Kirby. Ramsey. (F. E. Lutz).

Order DIPTERA.

Culex brehmei Knab. Laurence Harbor, April 30, May 17. (H. H.
Brehme). (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol. 29, p. 161).

Lestodiplosis platanifolia. Larvae on under sides of plane tree
leaves. Rutherford, Elizabeth, Trenton, Riverton, August 15.
(E. L. D. and H. B. W.).

Parallelodiplosis cattleyae Moll. Madison, Secaucus, in green-
houses where orchids are grown. Larva makes gall near tip of
root. (H. B. Weiss).

Dasyneura communis Felt. Ridgewood, August 13, galls on ribs
of leaves of Acer rubrum and A. saccharimtm. (E. L. Dickerson).

Simulium jenningsi Malloch. Lahaway, May 30. (R. P. Dow).

Promachus rufipes Fabr. Cedar Springs (Hebard), August 26. (Ent.
News, vol. 27, p. 381).

Hydrophorus intentus Aid. Atlantic City, May 6. (C. W. John-
son). (Psyche, vol. 18, p. 51).

Zodion intermedium Banks. Clementon, May, July. (C. W.
Greene). (Annals E. Soc. Amer. vol. 9, p. 193).

Neopales tortricis Coq. Parasitic on Pcronca minuta Rob. Browns
Mills, August, 1914. (H. B. Scammell and H. K. Plank).

Sarcophaga pachyprocta Parker. New Jersey. (Jour. N. Y. Ent.
Soc. vol. 24, p. 171).

Chrysomyia concolor Malloch. Lahaway, May 30. (R. P. Dow).

Vol. XXviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 221

Mosillus tibialis Cress- Wildwood, July 18, 1908. (E. T. Cresson,
Jr.). (Ent. News, vol. 27, p. 149).

Drosophila affinis Sturt. New Jersey. (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. vol.
9, p. 334).

Drosophila putrida Sturt. New Jersey. (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. vol.
9, p. 339).

Drosophila dimidiata Loew. Alpine, July 25; Riverton, September
S. (E. L. Dickerson).

Phytomyza affinis Fall. Springfield, Orange, Nutley, Rutherford,
Elizabeth, Riverton, June. Larva mines leaves of clematis. (H.
B. Weiss).

Phytomyza ilicicola Loew. Pemberton. Mined leaves of inkberry
collected February 23 and adults issued in late April and May.
(H. B. Scammell).

Phytomyza aquilegiae Hardy. Rutherford, Springfield, Riverton,
Elizabeth, June to September. Larva mines leaves of colum-
bine. (H. B. Weiss).

Aulacigaster rufitarsis Macq. Morristown, June 17. (E. L. Dick-
erson).

— » «•» » —

Studies in the Tenebrionid Tribe Eleodiini, No. 2

(Coleop.).*

By F. E. BLAISDELL, SR., San Francisco, California.

The following descriptions of new species and races have

been in manuscript for a number of years. Nearly all of them

have been distributed under the manuscript names, and it now

becomes very imperative that they be published without delay.

Eleodes manni n. sp.

Elongate oblong-oval to ovate (some 9 ? ), subasperate and mod-
erately convex, surface feebly shining.

Head twice as wide as long, scarcely convex, feebly impressed just
within the prominent frontal margins; frontal suture more or less
evident as a glabrous line, sometimes impressed; surface rather coarse-
ly and more or less irregularly punctate, punctures denser laterally
and on the epistoma, vertex more finely punctured : antennae long,
reaching slightly beyond the pronotal base, outer four joints moder-
ately compressed and feebly dilated, third joint quite equal in length
to the fourth and fifth combined, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh
joints subequal in length and obconical, eighth obconico-triangular,
ninth and tenth suborbicular in outline, eleventh obovate and obliquely
truncate at tip.

*Studies No. I was published in the NEWS for February, 1910, vol.
xxi, pp. 60-67.

222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

Pronotum widest at the middle, about one-fourth wider than long,
about twice as wide as the head in the female, and less than twice as
wide in the male; disk very moderately and evenly convex, somewhat
densely and irregularly punctate, punctures rather coarse, somewhat
denser laterally and not noticeably granulate nor with the surface de-
pressed, not declivous at the angles; apex very feebly emarginate in
circular arc, very finely to sub-obsoletely margined ; sides broadly,
evenly and moderately arcuate to the basal twelfth, there briefly sin-
uate with the sides parallel to the basal angles, margin entire and
finely beaded; base quite truncate and distinctly margined, slightly
wider than the apex; apical angles not in the least prominent and very
feebly rounded ; basal angles small and rectangular.

Propleurae very sparsely muricato-granulate and obsoletely rugulose.

Elytra oval, widest at the middle; base truncate and not in the
least adapted to the pronotal base, equal in width to the same; humeri
obsolete ; sides evenly arcuate, apex somewhat narrowed and rather
broadly rounded; disk feebly convex on the dorsum, rather broadly
and quite evenly rounded laterally, obliquely declivous posteriorly;
surface rather closely and moderately coarsely punctate, punctures
somewhat corroded and scarcely asperate centrally along the suture,
there subserially arranged, the interstitial punctures more distantly
spaced than the closely-placed strial punctures; laterally and apically
the punctures are more confused and distinctly muricate.

Epiplcurac moderately narrow, gradually narrowing from base to
apex, superior margin very slightly curving upward at the base; sur-
face dull, concave in basal one-half and sparsely subasperately punc-
tate.

Sterna finely and densely punctate, punctures setigerous and the sur-
face not noticeably rugulose.

Paraplcurac rather coarsely punctate.

Abdomen horizontal, somewhat shining, moderately finely punctate
and obsoletely rugulose.

Legs moderate in length, not stout. Profemora mutic; tibial spurs
similar and the tarsi dissimilar in the sexes. Plantar spinules ferru-
ginous.

$ . Elongate, narrow, three times as long as wide. Antennae ex-
tending about three joints beyond the pronotal base. Elytra as a rule
scarcely wider than the pronotum, moderately convex. First two ab-
dominal segments flattened at the middle, the intercoxal process more
or less concave. First two joints of the protarsi not noticeably thick-
ened beneath, but clothed with large pads of yellow silken pubescence;
surfaces of the pads flat and subpatellate; the marginal and apico-
marginal spinules rather long, silky, the latter longer and acute;
plantar grooves distinct on the third and fourth joints. First two
joints of the mesotarsi with silken pubescence on the apical half of

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 223

each, plantar grooves nearly obliterated, especially on the first joint.

$ . Oval to ovate, more robust, about twice as long as wide. An-
tennae extending about one joint beyond the pronotal base, the latter
one-twelfth of its width wider than the apex. Abdomen rather strong-
ly convex. First joint of the protarsi slightly thicker beneath than
the second, plantar grooves entire.

Measurements.— Males : Length 15.0-15.2 mm.; width 5.0-6.5 mm.
Females : Length 13.5-16.0 mm. ; width 6.8-7.0 mm.

Habitat. — Washington (Wawawai, March 2Oth, April 24th
and May ist, 1909; Ellensburg, March I3th, 1909; Almota,
May 1 7th).

Manni belongs to the subgenus Blapylis.

Types ( $ and ? ) in my own collection. Paratypes in Mr.
Wm. Mann's collection, to whom the species is dedicated.

Eleodes variolosa n. var. (A new race of manni.)

Oblong, elongate, more or less shining, subglabrous. Elytra very
coarsely punctate on the disk, the punctures coalescing transversely;
laterally and on the apex muricato-rugose, the small muricate tubercles
coalescing transversely; intervals somewhat convex; humeri obtuse to
obsolete.

Head coarsely, sparsely and irregularly punctate, the punctures
crowded laterally and on the epistoma, very feebly convex, impressed
laterally and along the pronotal suture. Antennae reaching a little
beyond the pronotal base, moderately stout, slightly compressed in the
outer four joints and not dilated, third joint a little longer than the
fourth and fifth taken together; joints 4-7 inclusive subequal in length
and thickness, scarcely obconical, subcylindrical; eighth triangulo-
obconical, ninth subtriangular, tenth and eleventh subtrapezoidal, about
as long as wide, the latter truncately obovate.

Pronotum widest at the middle and wider than long; disk moderately
convex coarsely, irregularly and rather densely punctate, more densely
and subgranulately so along the margins at the sides, punctures sub-
equal in size, intervals flat and forming small impunctate areas here
and there; apex very feebly emarginate and obsoletely margined; sides
evenly arcuate, feebly and not suddenly sinuate in basal seventh,
scarcely parallel before the angles; base truncate and finely margined;
apical angles obtuse and not at all prominent; basal angles subrec-
tangular and not in the least prominent.

Propleurae opaque, sparsely and very irregularly punctato-granulate,
subrugulose about the acetabula.

Elytra oblong-oval to ovate, widest at the middle, base wider than
the contiguous pronotal base; humeri obtuse to obsolete; sides evenly
arcuate from base to apex, the latter broadly rounded; disk moderately

224 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 'l/

convex and broadly arcuately rounded laterally, arcuately declivous
posteriorly; surface rather coarsely and not densely sculptured, cen-
trally the punctures are coarse, shallow and somewhat eroded, tend-
ing to coalesce transversely, laterally and apically muricato-granulate,
the rather large granules coalescing transversely so as to appear
rugose.

Epiplcurae opaque, finely, sparsely and subasperately punctulate,
gradually narrowing from base to apex; superior margin scarcely sin-
uate beneath the humeri.

Sterna and paraplcurae finely and not densely punctate nor asperate.

Abdomen rather finely and sparsely punctate, more coarsely and
rugosely so on the first segment, fourth segment with comparatively
few punctures.

Leys rather stout, moderate in length. Profemora mutic. Tarsi
dissimilar in the sexes.

$ . Somewhat narrow. Elytra oblong ; abdomen less convex, some-
what flattened on the first two segments, and feebly oblique to the
sterna.

Protarsi with a blunt tuft of golden pubescence on the first joint
at apex beneath ; mesotarsi without tufts of pubescence.

9 . Somewhat stout. Elytra less oblong and more oval. Abdomen
moderately convex and horizontal, i. e., on the same plane with the
sterna. First joint of the protarsi thickened beneath.

Measurements. Male. — Length, 12.0 mm.; width 5.0 mm. Female.—
Length, 11.5 mm.; width, 6.O mm.

Habitat. — Washington (Wenatchee, May 8th: Ellensburg,
March I3th) collected by Wm. Mann. Number of specimens
studied, 3 (2 $ $ , i 9 ).

Types ( $ and 9 ) in my own collection. Paratype ( $ ) in
Mr. Mann's collection.

Eleodes adulterina n. var. (A race of cordata Esch.)
Syn. forma intermedia. See Bull. 63, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 381.)

The name intermedia is preoccupied. This race of cordata
Esch. was briefly defined as E. cordata forma intermedia in the
above monograph of the Eleodiini as follows : ''Sculpturing
more strongly muricato-tuberculate, with the intervals between
the punctures less convex and consequently less reguose, ap-
proaching pimclioldes Mann." On the central area of the elytral
disk along the suture the punctures become less muricate and
simpler.

A series of 209 specimens collected by Mr. F. W. Nunen-

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 225

macher, in Eldorado, Plumas, Del Norte, Humboldt, Placer,
Monterey, Shasta and Lake Counties, California, demonstrates
very clearly that adultcrina is the prevailing race of cordata.
The specimens collected in Del Norte County are on the aver-
age smaller than those collected elsewhere, otherwise they are
true adultcrina. The above series is augmented by 156 speci-
mens taken in Tuolumne and Mariposa Counties.

Eleodes hybrida n. var. (A race of cordata Esch.)

Prothorax as in cordata, except that the pronotal intervals are flat
and more or less alutaceous. The punctures are rather ahruptly defined,
more or less coalescent and irregularly placed, leaving small and im-
punctate areas on the central part of the disk. The moderately deep
punctures give the intervals the appearance of being raised, although
not in the least rugose.

Measurements. Males — Length, 12.5-13.0 mm.; width 5.5 mm. Fe-
male— Length, 12.5-13.0 mm.; width, 6.0-6.5 mm-

Types in my own collection. Type locality, Plumas County.

Habitat. — Plumas and Lake Counties. F. W. Nunenmacher,
collector. Number of specimens studied, 55.

In adidterina the prothoracic intervals are rugose as in cor-
data and the punctures finer. The first two joints of the pro-
tarsi at tips beneath, bear moderate tufts of piceo-flavate
pubescence, and the first joint of the mesotarsi has a small
transverse submarginal tuft at tip ( $ ) .

Eleodes trita n. var. (A race of parvicolKs Esch.)

Opaque, sculpturing eroded, oblong-ovate. Thorax somewhat trans-
verse. Elytra depressed, humeri prominent and obtusely rounded.

Head and antennae as in producta Mann. Fronotnm less transverse
and less arcuate behind the middle than in producta; disk moderately
convex, more or less slightly impressed laterally, rather coarsely and
somewhat densely punctate, punctures shallow and eroded, denser
and finely granulate along the lateral margin, the summits of the
granules bright and shining; apex, sides, base and angles as in pro-
ducta. Proplcurac sparsely granulate-punctate and more or less
rugulose.

Elytra about twice as long as wide, less elongate than in producta',
base truncate, distinctly wider than the base of the pronotum ; sides
more or less arcuate and subparallel, becoming arcuately and some-
what convergent in apical third, apex rather broadly rounded; disk
distinctly flattened at base, thence more or less evenly convex, rather
obliquely and somewhat rapidly declivous posteriorly, arcuately rounded

226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

at the sides; surface scarcely densely punctate, punctures rather
coarse and eroded, irregular but exhibiting a feeble lineate arrange-
ment, subequal in size throughout, about the humeri and along the ar-
cuately declivous sides granulate, granules distinct, bright and shin-
ing.

Epipleurae obsoletely and very sparsely punctate.

Sterna. — Prosternum densely punctate, more or less longitudinally
grooved between the coxae, feebly mucronate at tip. Meso- and meta-
sterna densely punctate.

Abdomen densely and not very finely punctate on segments i and 2,
third and fourth less so at middle and along the base, fifth more or
less impunctate ; glabrous and shining at middle to base.

Legs less stout than in producta.

$ . Slightly more oblong, scarcely more depressed than the female.
Abdomen slightly flattened at middle of the first two segments and
feebly oblique. First two joints of the protarsi moderately thickened
at tip beneath and there clothed with rather long flavate pubescence;
tuft of the first joint larger than that of the second, both obliterating
the plantar groove; third joint without evidence of increased pubescence,
spinose on the margins of the groove, the latter smooth and shining.
First joint of the mesotarsi also has a small tuft at tip.

9 . More or less oblong-ovate, somewhat broader. Abdomen more
convex at base.

Measurements. Males. — Length, 11.0-16.0 mm.; width 5.0-6.4 mm,
Females — Length, 12.0-13.0 mm. ; width, 5.5-6.0 mm.

Habitat. — Oregon (Josephine Comity, June 8th). Cali-
fornia (Humboldt County, Del Norte County).

Described from a series of 23 specimens.

Types in my own collection. Collected by Mr. F. W. Nunen-
macher, who possesses paratypes.

Type locality. — Del Norte County, California.

Trita may have been distributed as forma opaca. Compared
with a newly collected series of 42 specimens of producta
Mann., and 280 specimens of constricta LeC., all collected by
Mr. Nunenmacher on the same trip.

Eleodes papillosa n. sp.

Syn. granulata forma tubcrculata.

During the summer of 1913, Dr. E. C. Van Dyke and Mr.
L. R. Reynolds collected typical Elcodes granulata LeC. at
Carville, Trinity County, California. When the monograph of
the Eleodiini (Bull. 63, U. S. Nat. Mus.) was written no speci-
mens of typical granulata had been seen, and the author was

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 227

doubtful as to the status of the present species, which was de-
fined as follows : "Thorax as in aspera LeC., elytra with the
humeri subacute; disk sculptured with distinct tubercles,
which usually show a serial arrangement, alternate series larg-
er and not at all rugose."

Habitat. — California (Siskiyou County, collections U. S. Na-
tional Museum).

Papillosa is larger and more robust than yraiudata, and us-
ually of an intense black and feebly shining. The pronotal
punctuation is like that of Upis ccramboidcs, only that the punc-
tures are distinctly separated and not coalescent. The elytral
tubefculation is almost like that observed in granosa. (See p.
131, Bull. 63, U.S. Nat. Mus.)

Key to the Nearctic Species of Gargaphia with the
Description of a New Species (Hem., Heter.)

By CARL J. DRAKE, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

The genus Gargaphia Stal is represented by five described
Nearctic species and a new one is added herein. The genus
can readily be separated from the other genera of the Tingidae
by the transverse, sinuous carina which interrupts the rostral
sulcus between the meso- and metasternum.

Key to the Nearctic Species of Gargaphia.
i — Elytra broad, costal area with four or more rows of a^eolae at its

widest part 2

Elytra narrower, costal area with not more than three rows oi

areolae at its widest part 4

2 — Lateral membraneous pronotal margins widely expanded, with five
or more rows of areolae at its widest part; first segment of the

antennae blackish G. solani Heid.

Lateral membraneous pronotal margins narrower, with not more
than four rows of areolae at its widest part; first segment of

the antennae testaceous 3

3 — Size small (less than 3.5 mm.); membraneous pronotal margins an*

gularly expanded about the middle G. angulata Heid.

Sixe larger (more than 4 mm.) ; membraneous pronotal marginal

rounded G. tiliae Walsh.

4 — Costal area of the elytra narrow, with not more than two rows of
areolae at its widest part ; membraneous pronotal margins very
narrow, strongly reflected, and forming an acute angle with
the thorax G. opacula Uhler.

228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

Costal area of the elytra with three rows of areolae at its widest
part; membraneous pronotal margins broader, not so strongly re-
flected and forming an obtuse angle with the thorax 5

5 — Costal area of the elytra with two complete and a partial series of
areolae; nervures of elytra and membraneous pronotal margins
not of a uniform color, the areolae more or less iridescent,

G. iridesccns Champ.

Costal area of the elytra with three complete series of areolae ;
nervures of the elytra and membraneous pronotal margins con-

colorous, the areolae hyaline G. albcscens n. sp.

Gargaphia albescens spec. nov.

Head armed with five rather short spines. Antennae slender, mod-
erately long, beset with a few short hairs; first segment rather short,
about twice the length of the second; fourth segment longer than the
first and second conjoined.

Lateral membraneous pronotal margins moderately broad, angularly
dilated about the middle, composed of two quite regular rows of
areolae and in some specimens with two or three extra cells at the
angle. Hood moderately large. Pronotum punctate, tricarinate ;
carinae moderately hairy, composed of a single series of areolae.
Rostral sulcus deep, the rostrum almost reaching the transverse, sinu-
ous carina. Hood, membraneous pronotal margins, and elytra beset with
a few short, very fine hairs.

Elytra moderately broad, reaching considerably beyond the apex of
the abdomen; costal area composed of three quite regular series of
areolae. Wings a little longer than the abdomen.
Claspers in the male large and strongly curved.
Length ( $ and 9 ), 3 mm.; width, 1.3 mm.

Color. General color white. Head, thorax and abdomen black (in
one specimen the thorax and abdomen beneath are brownish-black). An-
tennae: first segment black, second and fourth (except base) seg-
ments blackish, third segment and base of fourth dirty white. Legs
dirty white, the tips of tarsi and nails embrowned. Nervures of
hood, membraneous pronotal margins, posterior triangular process of
pronotum, and elytra white ; areolae hyaline. Nervures of carinae
white, except a few of the transverse nervures embrowned. Wings
iridescent. Bucculae, rostral sulcus, and transverse carina broadly
margined with white. Claspers in the male embrowned.

Four specimens, taken at Sacramento, California, by Mr. D.
J. Condit. Type in my collection : paratypc in the collection of
Prof. J. G. Sanders. This species can readily be separated
from allied forms by the characters given in the key. It is
most closely related to angulata and iridescens.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., MAY, 1917.

Entomology as a National Defense.

Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology,
United States Department of Agriculture, writes :

It is unnecessary to call attention to the important work
which the entomologists of the country can do in the present
crisis in the way of increasing crop production by the control
of injurious insects. The Bureau of Entomology is organiz-
ing its forces to bring before the country at large essential in-
formation of this character through brief publications and
through the activities of men at various field stations. While
no part of the field should be neglected, it is felt that special
attention should be given to insect outbreaks involving staple
crops, and to the preservation of stored grain, forage, etc.
Probably in some instances it will be feasible to reduce infesta-
tion or spread by prompt measures. For this reason the en-
tomological service of the United States as a whole should be
on the lookout for unusual insect conditions, and where con-
certed action is essential, such co-operation should be arranged
at the first possible moment.

The Bureau of Entomology wishes greatly to increase its
reporting service on insect pests. We will have the co-opera-
tion of the crop reporters and farm demonstrators throughout
the country and would like to have also the co-operation of all
State and Station Entomologists. This service will be con-
ducted with headquarters at Washington and it is hoped that
all those assisting will keep the central office in constant touch
with the status of insect pests in their vicinity. With these data
in hand the central office will be able to tabulate and map the
occurrence of all injurious pests and to indicate to the men
in the field the sections which are threatened with insect dam-
age and the means for combating same. With this informa-
tion it will be possible to conduct a vigorous campaign against
threatening pests.

The Bureau stands ready to assist State and Station Ento-
mologists whenever it is possible to do so.

1 )r. E. P. Felt, State Entomologist of New York and Editor
of the Journal of Economic F.ntomolof/v. writes :

Our countvy has entered a gigantic struggle in which ma-
terial assets ot many kinds play a most important part. There

229

230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

is urgent need for the conservation and development of all
resources — life, health, food — to designate a few having a
close relation to applied entomology. An army or navy can
accomplish little without the foregoing essentials. There are
many openings for the economic entomologist to demonstrate
the utility of his calling. The urgent need of better camp
sanitation, so far as insects are concerned, warrants an en-
tomological staff attached to every large camp and hospital
center and associated with the medical or sanitary corps in
handling insect problems, particularly flies and other disease
carriers, though body parasites and animal pests should not be
ignored. These men should have a rank which would give
weight to their recommendations, resources which would per-
mit intensive studies of the entire problem if necessary, and
facilities for the practical application of results to field and
camp conditions. The work in the various localities should
be co-ordinated and directed by a supervising entomologist
in order to insure the greatest efficiency.

It is very far from my idea to criticize directly or indirectly
the administration by army officials of sanitary matters in re-
lation to insect control in camps, and yet it seems to me there
is a great opportunity for the practical entomologists to ren-
der an invaluable service to the country, through co-opera-
tion and the placing at the disposal of the sanitarians, prefer-
ably working with them rather than simply advising, of knowl-
edge which we have gained through the experience not only
with flies and other insects occurring, or likely to occur, in
camps, but also that gained from a study of other forms of in-
sect life and which may be of service in solving problems of

pressing importance.

• • •

Notes and. News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

Mr. E. B. WiNiamson's Collecting Trip in Colombia.

From an article in the Bluffton, Indiana, Daily News, of March 15,
1917, we learn that Mr. E. B. Williamson returned to his home in that
town on March 14. He was accompanied by his cousin Mr. Jesse
Williamson. He left Bluffton on November 25, 1916, was joined by
his cousin at Colon, Panama, December 5 and, after two days in the
Canal Zone, touched at Cartagena, Colombia, December 8, at Porto
Colombia December 9, and made Santa Marta on December 12. In
this region they collected December 13-January 13. Leaving Baranquilla
December 18, they proceeded up the Magdalena River 600 miles as
far as the lower Magdalena is navigable. They then went by train
to Mariquita, only 100 miles from Bogota, their nearest approach to
that city. Collecting was done near the river on the up voyage, and

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23!

on the descent at Cisneros and Cristalina, the latter being an especially
favorable locality. Leaving Santa Marta February 28, they returned
to Bluffton via Cristobal (C. Z.), Bocas del Toro, Havana and New
Orleans. They brought back 8560 specimens of dragonflies and about
500 miscellaneous insects.

The Destruction of the House Fly.

The Merchants' Association of New York, through its Committee
on Pollution and Sewerage, has issued a circular in regard to the
common house fly, in the belief that the health and welfare of the
community is of vital interest to all, and that any suggestion for the
eradication of this dangerous and annoying household pest will be ap-
preciated by every one. It also suggests that the attention of the pas-
tors of churches be called to the desirability of teaching their people
the iniquities of the house fly. "Furthermore, school trustees and
teachers would find it instructive and interesting to emphasize the im-
portance of this matter in talks to the pupils on the subject. There
are a number of authorities who believe that the germ or virus of
infantile paralysis is disseminated by the fly and all efforts should be
directed to prevent a recurrence of last year's dread experience by
this agency." The association has its offices at 233 Broadway, New
York.

Notice to the Zoological Profession of a Possible Suspension of

the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature in the

Cases of Musca Linnaeus, 1758, and Calliphora Desvoidy,

1830. (Dipt.).

In accordance with the Rules of the International Zoological Con-
gress, the attention of the zoological profession is invited to the
fact that Dr. L. O. Howard, W. Dwight Pierce, and 21 other profes-
sional zoologists have requested the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature to exercise its Plenary Power in the case
of the Linnaean genus Musca 1758, and, under suspension of the
Rules, to declare M. domestica as type of this genus, also, under sus-
pension of the Rules, to validate Calliphora Desvoidy, 1830, with C.
vomitoria as type.

The request is based on the grounds of practical utility, and an
almost unbroken history of consistent usage since 1758 in the case of
Musca, and since 1830 in the case of Calliphora. It is claimed that a
strict application of the Rules will produce greater confusion than uni-
formity.

According to the premises at present before the Commission, if
the Rules are strictly applied, the generic name of Musca would take
either M. caesar or M. vomitoria as type, and the species M. domestica
would be cited either in Conostoma 1801 [?] (type Ascuris conostotna

- larva of M. domestica) or in Promusca 1915 (type 717. domestica},
thus resulting in a very regrettable change in the nomenclature of the
species in question as almost universally used in entomological, zoo-
logical, medical, epidemiological and veterinary literature.

The Secretary of the Commission invites any person interested in
these cases of nomenclature to communicate his opinion on the sub-
ject as soon as possible, anq* not later than May I, 1918, when the sub-
ject will be submitted to the Commission for vote. — C. W. STILES. Sec-
retary to Commission, 25th & E. Streets, N. W., Washington, D. C.

232 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [May, 'l/

Pupal Differences in Megathymus (Lep.).

Mr. J. G. Bonniwell, who has collected the pupae of Megathymus
yucca? and cofaqui, has recently sent me specimens of the pupal
tubes of both species and also the empty pupal shells. There is a
marked difference in the silk tubes from which the imagos emerged,
both in size and in color. When cut open and measured across, that
of yuccae is 45 mm., and that of cofaqui 34 mm. The outer sides of
these pouches, tubes or nests are covered by what appears to be the
plant fibre chewed up by the larvae and is rather fine and disintegrated.

In the case of M. yuccae it is of dark gray color and in M.
cofaqui it is yellowish brown. In these two specimens the difference
in color is marked. The two pupae he sent me also differ in size,
that of yuccae being 45 mm. long, that of cofaqui 40 mm. long, and
the former is more robust.

Dr. C. V. Riley in his account of the pupa of yuccae describes it
as ending in a slightly decurving flap. In the two specimens ex-
amined this is approximately twice as wide in yuccae as in cofaqui.
There are probably differential pupal characters in addition, but from
only one specimen of each I could not be sure whether they were dif-
ferential or only individual, or possibly sexual.

Some time ago Dr. D. M. Castle gave me a yucca plant that had
a borer in it and I was able to rear it to the adult stage and it
proved to be Megathymus yuccae. The silken pupal tube extended five
and one half inches above the ground and the upper end was covered
with a certain amount of what appeared to be frass. The whole plant,
including the leaves, was fourteen inches high. The type of cofaqui
is a female and the male was recently described in the Bull. Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 1917, XXXVII, 36. We have had both sexes for many
years. I described Megathymus stephensi, a Californian species, as a
variety of neumocgcni but I now consider it a distinct species, and I
think an examination of the genitalia would prove this to be correct.

The genus is an interesting one and the insects far more plentiful in
nature than one would think from finding the imagos, which have
always been rare in collections. — HENRY SKINNER.

Synonymic Notes on North American Lepidoptera.
Thanaos callidus Grinnell.

In our Contributions (Vol. Ill, No. 2, pp. 122-3), we suggested that
the male and female types of this species were not conspecific, that the
female type, after which seemingly most of the identifications had
been made, was probably the same species as lacustra Wright, but that
the male type, which automatically would hold the name, was probably
a form close to persius. Since then, through the kindness of Mr.
Fordyce Grinnell, we have examined the types of callidus as well as
the single male type of pernigra and find that our surmise was correct;

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 233

the male types are a form close to persins and probably the California
representative in the Higher Sierras of the Eastern species; the so-
called female type was really a male and belonged to the brizo group,
being the same as that later described by Wright as lacustra. Pcrnigra
is a very dark form apparently worthy of a name, and quite possibly
restricted to Mt. Tamalpais and the San Francisco Bay region ; a study
of the genitalia will be necessary to show whether it is distinct from
callidus as a species.

Cerapoda oblita Grt. (syn. dcscrta Grinnell).

The species described as Autographa dcserta by Grinnell in 1912,
(Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci., p. 79) proves to be synonymous with Cera-
poda oblita Grt.; through the kindness of Dr. R. Ottolengui, of New
York, and Mr. F. Grinnell, one of the types has been placed in the
Barnes Collection.

Genus Animomyia Dyar (syn. Gracfia Pears.)

This genus was described and doubtfully placed in the Liparidae in
1908, (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. X, 53), based on the species morta Dyar
from San Diego, Calif. In 1910, (Can. Ent. XL.II, 330), Pearsall erect-
ed the genus Gracfia in the Gcomctridac for the species smithi Pears,
from Walters Station, Calif. We have before us one of the co-types
of smithi Pears., received through the kindness of the authorities of
the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and have re-
cently received a specimen of morta Dyar from Laguna Beach, Calif.
The two genera are synonyms without a doubt, in fact the specimens
from San Diego, mentioned by Pearsall at the close of his article as
being almost worthy of a varietal name, is really morta Dyar, which
seems to us specifically distinct from smithi; the points mentioned by
Pearsall, vis. smaller size, more hyaline wings and closeness of t. p.
line to discal dot easily separate morta from smithi. The reference to
the Geometridac near Coniodcs seems to us to be correct. The synony-
my will, therefore, stand:

Animomyia Dyar.
Gracfia Pears.

(1) morta Dyar.

(2) smithi Pears.

J. McDuNNOUGH, Decatur, Illinois.

The Collector's Exchange.

Under this title, Air. Sidney C. Carpenter, of Hartford, Connecti-
cut, proposes a weekly publication of "Wanted," "For Sale" and "Ex-
change" notices, "For Sale" and "Exchange" lists, and a classified di-
rectory of collectors, specialists and dealers. Those interested may
apply to him for a circular giving detailed information.

234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

A Correction. (Col.).

Owing to a mistake in copying the manuscript of the description of
Omus cupreonitens Blais. & Reyn., the elytra were stated to be one-third
longer than wide, which is not the truth. The statement should be cor-
rected to read, (elytra) about one-half longer than wide. (Ent. News,
Vol. XXVIII, No. 2, p. 50). — FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR., San Francisco,
Calif.

A Correction (Col.).

I note an error in spelling in the manuscript of the first part of my
article, appearing in the March number of the NEWS. On page 131,
species No. 8. Trachykclc nebulosa Fall should read "Trachykclc
nimbosa Fall." There is no such species as T. nebulosa. — W. J. CHAM-
BERLIN.

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following- list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record.
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 5 — Psyche. 8 — The Entomolo-
gist's Monthly Magazine, London. 18 — Ottawa Naturalist. 50 —
Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. 68 — Science, New
York. 86 — Annales, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 87—
Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 143 — Ohio
Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 153 — -Bulletin, American
Museum of Natural History, New York. 161 — Proceedings,
Biological Society of Washington. 179 — Journal of Economic
Entomology. 180 — Annals, Entomological Society of Amer-
ica. 184 — Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 272 —
Memorias, Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona. 304 —
Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 313 — Bulletin of Entomological
Research, London. 322 — Journal of Morphology, Philadelphia.
355 — Smithsonian Institution Report, Washington, D. C. 373 —
Contributions to the Natural History of the Lepidoptera of North
America, by Wm. Barnes & J. H. McDunnough, Decatur, 111.
394 — Parasitology, Cambridge, England. 438 — Bulletin, Illinois
State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana. 447 — Journal of
Agricultural Research, Washington. 531 — Boletin, Direccion de

Vol. XXviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 235

Estudios Biologicos, Mexico. 540 — The Lepidopterist. Official
Bulletin, Boston Entomological Club.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Calvert & Calvert— A year of Costa
Rican natural history (New York, The Macmillan Co., 1917), 577
pp. — Cockerell, T. D. A. — New tertiary insects, 50, lii, 373-84. Fossil
insects, 180, x, 1-22. Criddle, N. — Precipitation in relation to insect
prevalence and distribution, 4, 1917, 77-80. Glaser, R. W. — The
growth of insect blood cells in vitro, 5, xxiv, 1-7. Goldschmidt,
R. — A further contribution to the theory of sex, 184, xx, 593-611.
Headlee, T. J. — Some facts relative to the influence of atmospheric
humidity on insect metabolism, 179, x, 31-38. Hewitt, C. G. — Insect
behaviour as a factor in applied entomology, 179, x, 81-94. McCol-
loch, J. W. — A method for the study of underground insects, 179,
x, 183-88. Sjostedt, Y. — Construction of insect nests, 355, 1915,
341-7. Walden, B. H. — Simple apparatus for insect photography,

179, x, 25-30. Walsh, G. B. — On the rarity and restricted distribu-
tion of animal — especially insect — species, 8, 1917, 57-61 (cont.).
Wilcox, A. M. — Notes on rearing insects for experimental pur-
poses and life-history work, 5, xxiv, 7-12. Winn, A. F. — The insect
collections of Canada, 4, 1917, 111-12.

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Carothers, E. E.— The
segregation and recombination of homologous chromosomes as
found in two genera of Acrididae (Orthoptera), 322, xxviii, 445-522.
Casteel, D. B. — Cytoplasmic inclusions in male germ cells of the

fowl tick , 322, xxviii, 643-84. Hance, R. T. — The somatic

mitoses of the mosquito, Culex pipiens, 322, xxviii, 579-92. Whit-
ing, P. W. — The chromosomes of the common house mosquito,
Culex pipiens, 322, xxviii, 523-78.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Bacot & Hindle.— A contribution to
the bionomics of Pediculus humanus (vestimenti) and P. capitis,
394, ix, 228-65. Nuttall, G. H. F.— Studies on Pediculus. 1. The

copulatory apparatus and , 394, ix, 293-324. Whitehouse, F.

C.— The Odonata of the Red Deer district, Alberta, 4, 1917, 96-103.

Navas, R. P. L.— Neuropteros nuevos o poco conocidos [1 n. sp.],
272, xiii, 155-178.

ORTHOPTERA. DuPonte & Vanderleck.— Studies on Cocco-
bacillus acridiorum, and on certain intestinal organisms of locusts,

180, x, 47-62.

HEMIPTERA. Glaser, R. W.— Anthocyanin in Pterocomma
smithiae, 5, xxiv, 30. Hungerford, H. B. — Notes concerning the
food supply of some water bugs, 68, xlv, 336-7. Maulik, S. — Solu-
bility of the scale of Lepidosaphes ulmi, 313, vii, 267-70. Metcalf,
Z. P. — The wing venation of the Cercopidae, 180, x, 27-34.

236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '17

Parshley, H. M. — Notes on No. American Tingidae [4 new], 5,
xxiv, 13-25. Sanders & DeLong. — The Cicadellidae of Wisconsin,
with descriptions of new species [13 new], 180, x, 79-97.

LEPIDOPTERA. Ainslie, C. N.— A few notes on the life history
of Phalonia spartinana, 4, 1917, 93-6. Ainslie, G. G. — -Crambid
moths and light, 179, x, 114-23. Collins, C. W.— Methods used in
determining wind dispersion of the gipsy moth and some other
insects, 179, x, 170-77. Dyar, H. G. — Nomenclature of Catocala
varieties, 540, i, 31-2. Mabille, P. — Description d'Hesperides nou-
veaux, 87, 1917, 54-60. Murillo, L. — Mariposa de Guinea [Eumaeus
debra], 531, i, 637-40. Saunders, W. E.— European butterfly found
at London, Ont. (Adopea lineola), 18, xxx, 116.

Barnes & McDunnough. — Further notes on Philotes battoides
and its allies. Remarks on Grossbeck's list of Florida L. New sps.
and vars. of Geometridae [many new], 373, iii, 213-96.

DIPTERA. McColloch, J. W.— Wind as a factor in the disper-
sion of the hessian fly, 179, x, 162-70. Macdonald, A. — Notes on
blood-sucking flies of Grenada, 313, vii, 259-64. Macfie, J. W. S. —
Morphological changes observed during the development of the
larva of Stegomyia fasciata, 313, vii, 297-307. Mote, D. C.— Ob-
servations on the distribution of warble flies in Ohio, 143, xvii,
169-176. Richardson, C. H. — The response of the house-fly to cer-
tain foods and their fermentation products, 179, x, 102-9. Town-
send, C. H. T. — Second paper on Brazilian Muscoidea collected by
H. H. Smith, 153, xxxvii, 221-33. Welch, P. S.— Further study on
Hydromyza confluens, 180, x, 35-46.

Cockerell, T. D. A.— (See under General). Edwards, F. W.—
Notes on Culicidae, with descriptions of n. sps., 313, vii, 201-30.
Malloch, J. R. — A preliminary classification of D., exclusive of
Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to
imagines in certain families. Pt. I. [Many new], 438, xii, 161-407.
Townsend, C. H. T. — New genera and sps. of American muscoid D.
[13 n. g.; 4 n. sps.], 161, xxx, 43-50. Williston, S. W.— Camptopelta,
a new genus of Stratiomyidae [1 n. sp.], 180, x, 23-6.

COLEOPTERA. Bugnion, E.— Les parties buccales de Nacerda
melanura, 86, 1916, 326-35. Desbordes, H. — Synopsis de divers
groupes d'Histeridae, 86, 1916, 297-326. Hess, W. N.— The chor-
dotonal organs and pleural discs of cerambycid larvae, 180, x,
63-78. Lesne, P. — Notes sur les Philorea, coleopteres Tenebrion-
ides de la fauna des Andes, 87, 1917, 71-2.

Cockerell, T. D. A.— (See under General). Wickham, H. F.—
New sps. of fossil beetles from Florissant, Colorado, 50, Hi, 463-72.

HYMENOPTERA. Holland, W. J.— List of the H. collected on

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 237

the Isle of Pines by G. A. Link, 1912-13, and contained in the Car-
negie Museum, 304, xi, 291-96. Urbahns, T. D. — Tetrastichus bruch-
ophagi, a recently described parasite of Bruchophagus funebris,
447, viii, 277-82. Wheeler, W. M. — The No. American ants describ-
ed by Asa Fitch, 5, xxiv, 26-9. Zappe, M. P. — Egg-laying habits of
Diprion simile, 179, x, 188-90.

Cockerell, T. D. A. — (See under General). Girault, A. A. — Two
n. gen. of No. American Entedoninae (Chalcid-flies), 4? 1917, 110-11.
Howard, L. O. — A new aphis-feeding Aphelinus, 161, xxx, 77-8.
Morrison, H. — Monograph of the nearctic H. of the genus Bracon
[many new], 50, Hi, 305-43. Viereck, H. L. — Contributions to our
knowledge of the bee genus Perdita [1 n. sp.], 153, xxxvii, 241-42.
Viereck, H. L., et al. — The H., or wasp-like insects of Connecticut.
(Guide to the insects of Connecticut, Part III). (Conn. Geol. &
Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22). [many new].

Doings of Societies.

The American Entomological Society.

Meeting of December n, 1916, in the hall of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia; Dr. Henry Skinner, President, in the chair.
Nine members and two associates of the Entomological Section of the
Academy present. The annual reports were read; 577 additions to the
library by gift, exchange, etc., were recorded; new By-Laws had
been adopted and copies printed and distributed, and a new agree-
ment with The Academy adopted. The report of the Publication
Committee mentioned the completion of Volume XLII of the Trans-
actions and the issue of Number I of the Memoirs of the Society.
On motion it was voted that the Society's meetings during 1917 be
held on the fourth Thursday of February, April and October, and
the second Monday of June and December. The following were elected
to serve for the year 1917: President, Henry Skinner; Vice President,
James A. G. Rehn; Corresponding Secretary, Morgan Hebard ; Re-
cording Secretary, R. C. Williams, Jr.; Treasurer, E. T. Cresson ; Pub-
lication Committee, J. A. G. Rehn, E. T. Cresson, P. P. Calvert;
Finance Committee, J. A. G. Rehn, D. M. Castle, Morgan Hebard ;
Property Committee, E. T. Cresson, Jr., Morgan Hebard, Philip Lau-
rent.

Meeting of February 15, 1917, in the same hall. Dr. Henry Skinner,
President, in the Chair; five members and four associates of the En-
tomological section of the Academy present.

A communication from the North Carolina College of Agriculture
was read, requesting the appointment of a delegate from the Society

238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 'l/.

at the inauguration of Wallace Carl Riddick as President. President
Skinner reported that he had appointed Prof. Franklin Sherman, Jr.,
of the Dept. of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C., to represent the society.

Dr. Skinner called attention to the requirement of the Society that
duplicate material be sent in with papers offered for publication de-
scribing new species, and stated that Miss Annette F. Braun had sent
in 65 species of Nepticulidae, including cotypes and paratypes, with
her paper.

Orthoptera. Mr. Rehn exhibited a specimen of Circotcttiv splcndi-
dus from Mount Lowe.

The meeting was followed by an interesting informal talk by Dr.
Skinner, illustrated by lantern slides using the newly acquired lantern,
and describing and illustrating his collecting experiences in Carolina,
Cuba, and the Rocky Mountains of Canada and Arizona. This was
followed by a talk by Mr. Rehn, who showed slides of the localities
visited by him and Mr. Hebard, in Arizona and elsewhere on their re-
cent trips, and related interesting collecting experiences. — R. C. WIL-
LIAMS, JR., Recording Secretary.

Newark Entomological Society.

Meetings of February n and March n, 1917, held in the Newark
(New Jersey) Public Library, President Buchholz in the chair: average
attendance, nine members.

Lepidoptera. At the February meeting Mr. Rummel exhibited a Cyn-
thia cocoon containing two pupae, one of which had hatched, also a
series of Catocala ilia and the variety u.vor, which he had collected at
Hagerstown, Maryland, July 6, 1916, and Haploa Iccontci var. dyari and
var. militaris from the same locality. He also exhibited all of the species
of Scopclosoma recorded in Smith's 1909 list as being present in New
Jersey which he had collected during the latter part of October in the
Orange Mountains (New Jersey), this being an additional locality. At
the March meeting he exhibited a box of inflated larvae of Sphingidae
and Noctuidae and commented on the abundance of some species the
past summer.

Homoptera. Mr. Lemmer, at the March meeting, exhibited a small
form of the Periodical Cicada which he had collected at Lyons Farms
(New Jersey), July 14, 1916. Brood VTTI is recorded from New Jersey
only in Essex County and is due in 1917. His capture might have been
an early individual of this brood. Mr. Weiss recorded Aclcrda tokionis
Ckll., from Riverton, New Jersey, on bamboo, May 15, 1916 (identified
by Mr. H. Morrison), this being a Japanese scale insect recorded here-
tofore in the United States only from California.

Hemiptera. Mr. Weiss mentioned at the March meeting his capture
of two tropical bugs, Cardiastethits tropicalis Champ., and Solcnonotus

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 239

nigromargiiiatiis Champ, (identified by E. H. Gibson), both of the fam-
ily Anthocoridac, at Summit, New Jersey, on orchids from the United
States of Colombia. — HARRY B. WEISS, Secretary.

Feldman Collecting Social.

Meeting of January 17, 1917, at the home of H. W. Wenzel, 5614
Stewart Street, Philadelphia; nine members present. President H. A.
Wenzel in the chair.

The President read his annual address which was ordered to be in-
corporated in the minutes.

The following officers were re-elected to serve for 1917: President,
H. A. Wenzel; Vice President, Wm. S. Huntington ; Treasurer, H. W.
Wenzel; Secretary, Geo. M. Greene, and Assistant Secretary, J. W.
Green.

Lepidoptera. Mr. Haimbach exhibited a pair of a new form of
Automcris io Fabr., from Jemez Springs, New Mexico, June 21, 1916,
collected by Jno. Woodgate, which he will describe and name later.
Mr. Laurent stated that Saniia cccropia. Linn, was more plentiful in
Brooklyn, New York, than in Philadelphia, and that they have a dif-
ferent habit. Both this and last winter, while walking around the
Flatbush district of Brooklyn, he found that nearly every maple (?)
tree had from ten to thirty cocoons attached to the limbs. The strange
part was that there were as many cocoons on the branches of the up-
per half of the tree as on the lower half. Tn Philadelphia it is sel-
dom that more than three cocoons are found on a tree and these are
generally on the lower limbs. Mr. Daecke exhibited a specimen of
Scopelosoma moffatiana Grt., which he took on the wing, November
n, 1916, at Rockville, Pennsylvania. He said that this species most
likely hibernates in the adult state since there are also records of it
from very early spring. He also exhibited specimens of Scoliopteryx
libatri.r Linn, collected by Mr. Knull in a limestone cave near Hum-
melstown, Pennsylvania, January 7, 1917. This beautiful species, which
is closely allied to the one mentioned before, is known to hibernate
in the adult state. It is very common in Europe, where it is often
injurious to willow and poplar.

General. Mr. Haimbach read his translation of a review by Prof.
Dr. Karl Eckstein (Eberswalde), in IHustrierte Zcitschrift filr Ento-
mologie, IV, p. 381, 1899, on the abnormal mating of insects by G.
Jakobson, Arbeiten der russischen Ent. Ges. (Laboratory work of the
Russian Entomological Society), Vol. 31, 1898 (Russian).

In the above article Jakobson treats of three possibilities of ab-
normal mating:

I. The mating between males and females of different genera and
even families: Buprestis x Elatcr; Elatcr x Telephorus; Tclcphorus

240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 'l/

melanurus F. x Synaptus filifortnis L. ; Strophosomus coryli F. x
Chrysomela (Orina) cacalinc Schr. ; Hypera pollgoni L. x Coccinclla
bipunctata L. ; Telcphorus melanurus F. x Athous niger L. ; Donacia
simplex F. x Opoderus coryli L. ; Coccinclla x Chrysomela; Ocncria
dispar L. x Picris brassicae L. ; Hibernia marginaria Bkh. x Orrhodla
raccinii L.

II. The mating of two males with one another: Alclolontha rul-
garis x M. vulgaris; Melolontha vulgaris x 7l/\ hippocastani. Tele-
phones melanurus x Lampyris noctiluca. Sadeau differentiates the two
cases as follows : pcderastic par ncccssitc and pcderastic par gout.

III. The mating of several males with one female: Dyctyoptera
sanguined 5 males x one female ; Tortrix viridana male and at the
same time Tortrix hcpara male x Tortrix viridan-a female; Cerocoma
sp. 4 males x i female.

In conclusion Jakobson brings out the following two points :

I. It is taking a risk to describe a new species from two specimens
taken in copulation as male and female of one species. They may be
two males of different species.

II. You cannot unite male and female of a pair taken in copulation
as belonging to one species as the male may be one and the female an-
other species.

Adjourned to the annex.

Meeting of February 21, 1917, at the home of Wrn. S. Huntington,
1910 North 2ist Street, Philadelphia; twelve members and four visi-
tors present. President H. A. Wenzel in the chair.

Lepidoptera. Mr. Daecke exhibited Pamphila huron Edw. which
he collected at Rockville, Pennsylvania, September 30, 1916. Said that
while at Progress, Pennsylvania, on June 9, 1916, he had noticed some
dried currants which were infested. He took these home and on
June 30 Eulia trifcrana Wlk. emerged. He cannot find record that
they attack currants, but they are known to feed on various things,
mainly huckleberries.

Coleoptera. Mr. Geo. M. Greene exhibited a specimen of Gcotrupes
(Cncmotrupcs) ulkei Blanchard found dead in woods by Mr. Morgan
Hebard at Bald Knob, Bath County, Virginia, August 14, 1916. The
specimen is minus the head and of three specimens in the Horn Col-
lection, labelled "N. C. Merkel," two are in the same condition and
the third perfect. This species was described in Psyche V, pp. 106-110,
1888. Type locality Virginia in fungi. Called attention to an article
in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. IV, p. 497, July, 1901, "The Ant-decapitating
Fly," by Theodore Pergande, in which is described Apoccphalns pcr-
gandei Coquillett, a fly which decapitated Camt>onotus pennsylvanicus
De Geer and afterwards bred from the bead.

Adjourned to the annex. — GEO. M. GREENE, Secretary.

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JUNE, 1917.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXVIII. No. 6

Henry Shinier
J828-I895.

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

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ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXVIII.

Plate XVII.

APPENDAGES OF LEPTAGRION AND AEOLAGRION MALES. -WILLIAMSON.

1, 2.— L. MACRURUM.

5, 6.— AE. DORSALE.

9, 10. — L ELONGATUM.

13, 14.— AE. FLAMMEUM

3, 4. — L. ANDROMACHE.

7, 8. — L. PORRECTUM.
11, 12. — L. DISPAR.
15, 16. — L? CROCEUM.

W«*J

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS* JUN4'

AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SEC

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXVIII. JUNE, 1917. No. 6.

CONTENTS:

Williamson — Some Species of Leptag-
rion with Descriptions of a new
Genus and a new Species (Odon.) 241

Girault — New Chalcid Flies from Mary-
land, II ( Hym.) 255

Summer Work on Insects 266

Calvert — Calopteryx dimidiata apicalis

(Odon.) 266

Hungerford — The Life History of the

Backswimmer, Notonecta undulata

Gibson— A new Species of Corythuca Say (Hem., Het. ) 267

from the Northwest (Heterop., Tin- [ Parker — Seasonal Abundance of Flies
gitidae) 258 j in Montana (Dipt ) 278

Calvert — Studies on Costa Rican Odo-

nata — VIII 259

Dean— The Knaus Collection of Cole-

Change of Address 282

Editorial— The National Defense
Against and By Insects 283

optera 263 Dunlap — A New Biological Journal ... 284

Rohvver — Two new Species of Macro- Robertson — The Generic Bugbear 285

phya(Hym.) 264 Entomological Literature 286

Some Species of Leptagrion with Descriptions of a
new Genus and a new Species (Odonata).

By E. B. WILLIAMSON, Bluffton, Indiana.

(Plates XVII, XVIII.)

Foerster, in Ncotropischc Lib ell en III (Insekten Borse,
XXIII, 1906), describes two new Neotropical Agrionine
genera. One of these, Skiallagma, type baitcri n. sp., known
only from the male, is stated to be closely related to Enallagma,
a view with which I can hardly agree, since against the Enal-
hi(/nia-\\ke character of the quadrangle (which is not at -ill
characteristic, by the way, being a common form of quad-
rangle) one can set at once the absence of postocular spots
and the origin of A at the cubito-anal crossvein. Calvert
(Ann. Cam. Mus. VI, p. 176) describes a second species, bas-
ing his generic determination, so he writes me, on the fact that
his species seems to be close to baitcri.

The second new genus proposed by Foerster is Hylaeagrion.
of which Leptagrion croceum, of his determination must be
the type, congeneric with which, according to Foerster, is his
new H. argcntcolhicatiiin, known from the male only. The

241

242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

new genus is separated, by Foerster, from Leptagrion by the
presence of a vulvar spine in the female, by the unequal teeth
of the tarsal claws, and by the form of the superior append-
ages of the male. But it seems impossible, after comparing
Foerster's description of the male appendages of crocewn
with figures 15 and 16 of this paper, that his determination of
croceum is correct. In fact I am convinced he had a Lepto-
basis, probably vacillans before him. As to his new species,
H. argcnteoUncatum, I have no doubt this is really Leptagrion
d'orsalc, a species in which the vulvar spine is wanting in the
female. In Lcptobasis the vulvar spine is normally present.
It is true Calvert (Ann. Cam. Mus., VI, p. 201) describes a
new Leptobasis, mammilaris, in which the single female lacks
this spine. But Calvert's specimen was associated with the
males only on supposition, and a female in my collection, which
I think is a true Lcptobasis mammilaris, is different and has
the spine well developed.

The type of Leptagrion is macrurum Burmeister. Among
the species associated under Leptagrion by de Selys it is pro-
posed to recognize and describe a second genus Aeolagrion,
type Agrion dorsalc Burmeister. These two genera may be
separated by the following key :

a1. Descending crossvein from the subnodus not continued directly to
the wing margin, the marginal cell, against which it ends, high and
pentagonal, the adjoining marginal cells high and the hind margin of
the wing full and rounded, nearly paralleling the front margin ; M2 in
front wing arising at the sixth postnodal or more clistad, in the hind
wing at the fifth or more distad ; Rs and M3 widely separated at the
proximal crossvein between them; tooth on tarsal claw large, almost
equalling the claw; male inferior appendages rudimentary.

Leptagrion.

a2. Descending crossvein from the subnodus continuous to the wing
margin, the marginal cells on either side of it low and quadrangular,
the wing spatulate, the hind margin not paralleling the front mar-
gin : Rj and Ma narrowly separated at the proximal crossvein be-
tween them; tooth on tarsal claw well developed but distinctly
shorter than claw; male inferior appendages well developed.

Aeolagrion. n. gen.
b1. M2 in front wing arising at the seventh postnodal, in the hind

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 243

wing at the sixth ; A in front wing arising proximal to the cu-
bito-anal crossvein*; cubito-anal crossvein in front wing distal
to first antenodal nearly or slightly more than one-half the sec-
ond antenodal costal spacef, in hind wing more than one-half to

nearly two-thirds A. ftammcum.

b2. M2 in front wing arising at the fifth postnodal, in the hind
wing at the fourth ; A in front wing arising at or distal to the
cubito-anal crossvein; cubito-anal crossvein in front wing distal
to first antenodal from one-fourth to one-third the second ante-
nodal costal space, in hind wing less than one-half.

Other species of Aeolagrion.

Of Lcptagrion I have 2 males each of macrurum and
andromachc. On the basis of description and figures only,
clongatum, porrectum and dispar are also referred to the same
genus. I know both sexes of flammcum and both sexes of
dorsalc and dcmararnm n. sp. On the basis of descriptions
only, it is probable inca and obsoletum belong here. I have no
idea in what genus or genera the following species should be
placed : croceum, inornatum and rufum.

An examination of the venational characters tabulated
later in this paper will show a great deal of variation in
relative lengths of the sides of the quadrangle. For example,
in the front wing the anterior side may vary in the same species
from about one-half the length of the proximal side to longer
than the proximal side. Hence characters of the quadrangle
based on single specimens are valueless.

The teeth on the tarsal claws seem to offer characters of
value but are difficult of clear definition. Several species
were studied in a comparative way and the following brief
notes made: macnimm, tooth large, almost equalling clawi*

*The editor calls my attention to the fact that fig. 20, pi. xviii, shows
A at the crossvein. A reexamination of the wings themselves shows
that A is really proximal to the crossvein.

fThe space between the antenodals.

;• »f the two males studied, 3 of the 4 hind tarsi are malformed (?);
these 3 tarsi are shortened, apparently 2-jointed, and terminated by a
single greatly enlarged claw, with a nearly equal inferior tooth. Since
this footnote was written Doctor Calvert has called my attention to
Child and Young's Regeneration of the Appendages in Xymphs of the
Agrionidae (Archiv f. Entwickelungsmechanik d. Organismen xv,
103, pp. 543-602, pis. xx-xxn), and he adds: "The cases to which your
footnote refers are probably regenerated tarsi." Child and Young's
paper is not in my library and I am unable to obtain a copy at this
time.

244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

andromache, similar to incicrurmn; flammeum, tooth well de-
veloped but distinctly shorter than claw, both tooth and tip of
claw slenderer than in the preceding two species, the tooth
not so divergent, the included angle more acute ; dorsale, simi-
lar to flammeum : demaranim, short as in flammeum, other-
wise more like macrurum ; Leptobasis mammilaris has the
tooth still shorter, that is more basal, and weaker; in Lepto-
basis vacillans it is smaller than in mammilaris.

A study of the spines on the legs of various species shows
a surprising variation in the number of spines and their dis-
tribution or spacing in each species, and no characters of speci-
fic or generic value have been detected. The closer spines
are set together the longer they appear, other things being
equal, since one estimates their length largely in terms of the
interspaces.

Aeolagrion demararum n. sp. (PI. XVIII, fig. 22, text tigs. 17, 18).
Abdomen $ 27-28, 9 27-30; hind wing, $ 16-17, 5 17.5-18.5.

$ . — Labrum to median ocellus, including genae, light dull brown
to bright blue green, with all intermediate stages, in specimens other-
wise apparently of the same age, the green in transitional specimens
appears first on labrum, rhinarium and nasus, and last on the frons
above. Head above dark green to black, marked with dull orange in
a varying degree; area enclosed by ocelli dark; from this dark area,
posterior to the lateral ocelli, on either side a dark bar runs outward
and forward, ending behind the antenna and reaching neither the an-
tenna nor the eye ; anterior to this bar the head is pale except that
usually there is a short bar on either side of the median ocellus, reach-
ing about half-way to the antenna; at its outer posterior portion the
dark bar from each lateral ocellus joins with a large dark area which
occupies the entire posterior dorsal surface of the head except a pale
occipital crest with a dilatation of varying size at either end; in some
specimens this pale occipital area is blue or green instead of dull
orange. Usually the large posterior dark area rests against the eye,
but it may be separated by the merest line of pale blue or green. In a
few very mature specimens, as shown by the pruinescent under parts
of the thorax, the occipital pale area is scarcely or not discernible, and
the pale areas on either side and in front of the ocelli are very dark
and obscure, so that, at first glance, the entire dorsal surface of the
head, excepting the frons, appears black. Rear of head pale, white or
bluish.

Prothorax with front lobe pale blue, the lateral margins light brown,
to entirely bright blue; in paler individuals the middle and hind lobes

Vol. xxviii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

245

light brown with obscure darker shadings ; in brighter individuals
these lobes are rich reddish brown above, with a median longitudinal
pale blue shading, and the sides blue ; hind border wide, with round
lateral wings and a rounded median border of the same height. Pro-
pleuron pale, almost white to bright blue.

Thorax above very variable; in all a dark metallic green middorsal
stripe, on either side about one-fifth as wide as the mesepisternum,
with the sides parallel, except at the extreme upper and lower ends;
remainder of mesepisternum rust red and very variable; in some the
color seems fairly uniform over the entire surface, but in most speci-
mens there is a faint hint to a rather definite pale stripe on either side
of the median dark green, and of about the same width; this stripe
may show as a lighter rust red or parts of it may be greenish or
bluish; in life in bright-colored individuals I recall it as an evanescent
bright light blue stripe. Sides from the humeral suture light to
bright blue ; the mesepimeron usually slightly paler than the mete-
pisternum and metepimeron, with a narrow posthumeral darker blue
stripe; a small brown dot slightly above the middle of the first
lateral suture and another near the upper end of the second lateral
suture. In the case of a few very mature specimens the rust red of the
mesepisternum has become almost or quite as dark as the middorsal
stripe, in which case the pale stripe on either side of the dark middor-
sal stripe is distinct and well defined, rusty silvery white in color, the
mesepimeron largely overlaid with silvery white, and the under parts
and coxae with scattered powdery pruinescence. Coxae and beneath
pale, cream or bluish.

Abdomen seen from above, i blue with a median brown spot which
is usually pale centered; 2 blue with a wide longitudinal median brown,
more or less black stripe, which is slightly widened basally and
apically, not reaching the base which is pale, and usually slightly
separated from the narrowly brown apex ; 3 to 6 brown, shading

Aeolagrion demeraritiii n. sp. — Left lateral and dorsal views of apex of male abdomen.

Drawings by C. H. Kennedy.

246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, 'l1/

apically on each segment into black which occupies one-fifth to one-
sixth of each segment, narrow, medianly interrupted basal blue rings;
7 black, narrow, medianly interrupted basal and subapical pale rings ; 8
and 9 bright sky blue; 10 black, more or less pale yellow or bluish near
the middle on either side of the median line. In a few very adult
specimens 6 is like 7 and the dorsal brown of the preceding segments
is much darker than in the larger number of specimens. Seen from
the side, i and 2 blue with a narrow brown posterior border; 3 to 6
greenish, extreme lower border and over a wider area subapically,
bright yellow, more or less obscured and indefinite in most of the
dried material; 7 indistinct, apparently blue below the black dorsum; 8
and 9 blue; 10 with lower half blue, in some with the inferior apex yel-
low. Superior appendages black; inferiors yellow to black. Ventral
suture black, paler and duller on the last three or four segments.

Legs light yellow, femora bluish or greenish tinged in some speci-
mens; femora, especially the last 2 pairs, with a more or less distinct
narrow dark line on the external angle.

Wings clear; stigma light brown to brown, encircled inside the en-
closing veins with a narrow pale margin, covering one cell or slightly
less, the inner side slightly more oblique than the outer, with a brace
vein, the anterior and posterior sides longer than the other two sides.

? . — Labrum light yellowish brown ; rhinarium similar or darker or
with greenish traces; nasus, frons and genae bright yellowish brown to
obscure green. Head above as in the male, averaging paler, no trace
of the dark bar on either side of the median ocellus, the pale dilata-
tions on either end of the pale occipital crest larger and always dull
orange. Rear of head cream-colored.

Prothorax variable as in the male, but the middle and hind lobes al-
ways brown, unmarked. Posterior border of hind lobe winged as in
the male, but the middle lobe of the border is lower, apex truncated
and sometimes slightly concave. Propleuron cream to light blue.

Dorsum of thorax similar to the male; sides similar but paler, some-
times almost white, in others cream or cream tinged with bluish, and
so through intermediate stages to entirely pale blue ; the brown spot
on the second lateral suture scarcely evident in some specimens.

Abdominal segments i to 6 similar to the male, but the apical black
is confined to a narrow apical ring; 7 and 8 orange brown, slightly
darker along the median line, the darker color obscure, indefinite and
narrow; 7 with a narrow interrupted bluish basal ring and a trace of
an apical black ring; 9 and 10 light yellow brown, 10 sometimes with
bluish traces. Pattern of abdomen often obscure; 7 to 10 often a uni-
form dull yellowish brown; in one specimen the dorsum of 6 is light
metallic green instead of the usual brown. Seen from the side similar
to the male, usually obscure especially the last four or five segments ;
in several cases 9 has a large distinct dark area; in other cases 9 and

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 247

10 are distinctly paler, light yellow, in the lower half; usually 7 to 10
are obscure brown or dull orange. Ventral suture as in the male. No
trace of a vulvar spine.

Legs cream colored or very light brown, similar to the male, but the
femoral stripes wanting or faintly represented on the last femora only.

Wings similar to the male.

British Guiana: Georgetown, January 25 and 26, and Feb-
ruary 18, 1912, 19 $, and 79 ; Wismar, January 30, 1912, i
$ ; types, a $ and 9 , January 26, in my collection.

In the Botanic Gardens at Georgetown in January, 1912,
many of the pools were dried up and all canals and pools were
at a very low water stage. Just a short distance from one of
the main drives was a pool grown up with Nelumbo, into which
pool a very small stream of water trickled. Detnararum was
along this thread of water for a short distance back from the
pool, and about the pool near the mouth of the stream. Their
flight was rather slow and heavy.

Specimens of this species were sent to Dr. Calvert and Dr.
Ris for examination. Both regard it as undescribed. The
following species, other than those here figured have been re-
ferred to Leptagrion : inca Selys, inornatum Selys, obsoletum
Selys, pcrloncjum Calvert, rufum Selys. Inca is known from
an imperfect $ and 2 9 ; demararum is distinct from it, among
other characters, by the rear of the head entirely pale and by
the absence of a post-humeral black band. Inornatum is known
from a single 9 ; demararum is distinct from it, among other
characters, by the very different stigma, by having the labrum
and rhinarium not shining black, and by the thorax having a
middorsal dark stripe. Obsoletum is known from a single $
and 9 ; demararum is distinct from it, among other characters,
by the color of the vertex, and of segments 7-10 of the $ ,
and by the form of the $ appendages. Pcrlongum is known
from a single $ , supposedly close to porrectum, and having
the abdomen 64 mm. in length, more than twice the length of
demaranim. Rufum is known from a single $ lacking the
last 4 abdominal segments; demararum is distinct from it,
among other characters, by the almost totally red coloration of
head, thorax and abdomen of rnfum.

248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, 'l/

Aeolagrion dorsale Burmeister. (Type of the genus). (Plate

XVII, figs. 5 and 0; Plate XVIII, fig. 21).

Abdomen $ 27-30, average 28.3, 9- 27-28; hind wing $ 17-19, aver-
age 17.7, 9 18-19.

$• — Genae light bluish green, very pale, to bright bluish green;
labrum brown to shining black ; rhinarium and nasus bluish green,
light and bright in older specimens, the nasus with a little dark or
black at base; frons in front bluish green below on the lateral margins,
remainder orange or rust brown to dark reddish brown and, in ex-
treme cases, black. Head above metallic green to black, a short orange
line from the lateral ocellus outward and forward toward the antenna,
reaching a little more than half the distance. Rear of head upper half
black, lower half very pale bluish to pale greenish.

Prothorax with the front lobe blue, broadly black posteriorly but not
reaching the lateral margins; middle lobe blue, black above, narrow
anteriorly, widening rapidly posteriorly where it occupies the full
width of the lobe; hind lobe black dorsally with a continuation of the
middorsal thoracic stripe, sides blue. Hind lobe laterally winged, the
median portion greatly developed in a dorsally directed triangular
plate, more than twice as high as the wings, the apex acute, the sides
convex. Propleuron pale, bluish above to entirely blue. In very ma-
ture specimens the blue of the prothorax is more or less overlaid with
silvery white.

Dorsum of thorax its entire length broadly metallic green to black,
the stripe gradually narrowed at either end, bordered on either side by
a blue stripe, scarcely half as wide, which reaches the humeral suture;
a narrow brown or black posthumeral stripe which is continued across
the mesinfraepisternum and which shades out into the rust red which
occupies practically all of the mesepimeron; with age the mesepimeron
darkens till, in extreme cases, it is entirely black except an anterior
superior blue spot and a small posterior inferior area which remains
rust red ; metepisternum and metepimeron very light blue to bright
blue, sometimes an indistinct dark area on the metepisternum along
the second lateral suture. Beneath and coxae white to pale bluish;
coxae externally in older specimens bright to dark blue. The antehu-
meral blue stripe is sometimes more or less overlaid with silvery white
and the same is true to a lesser extent of the blue of the sides of the
thorax.

Abdomen from above black, slightly paler on 3 and 4 in younger in-
dividuals; a narrow apical blue ring on I, and narrow interrupted
basal blue rings on 3 to 7, yellowish on 7, and on all segments in
younger individuals ; 8 and 9 bright blue, 10 black. Seen from the side,
i and 2 blue with a narrow dark apical border; 3 to 6, or 3 to 7 in
younger specimens, with sides below yellowish or greenish, connected
with the basal rings, and slightly widening subapically, the black of the

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 249

dorsum completely encircling the apex of each segment; in older speci-
mens 7 seems entirely black; 8 to 9 blue; 10 black, slightly or distinctly
paler below: Appendages black, in younger specimens the inferior di-
latation of the superiors and the base of the inferiors brown ; the inner
surface of the superiors with a large shallow excavation which is densely
clothed with long, soft, very light dull yellow hair. Ventral suture
yellowish or brown, darker on 6 and 7.

Legs dull pale yellow or light brown; posterior external face and
apex of femora black; tibiae with a very narrow dark line on the an-
terior external face, sometimes wanting.

Wings rarely clear, usually slightly tinged with brown; stigma dark
brown to black, encircled or not within the enclosing veins with pale,
rarely covering one cell, usually slightly less, shaped as in dcmararum.
In a male from Cumuto, in both front wings, the anterior side of the
quadrangle is distinctly longer than the proximal side.

9 — Genae pale, yellowish or bluish; labrum brown, sometimes
somewhat darkened over much of its area ; rhinarium and nasus dull
bluish; frons in front as in the paler males. Head above as in the
male, except that the frons anteriorly is edged with reddish brown, or,
in a teneral specimen, is largely this color. Rear of head as in the
male.

Prothorax in pattern similar to the male; front lobe slightly duller,
rust red replacing black on the middle lobe, and brown replacing black
on the hind lobe. Hind border with the lateral wings of the male
greatly reduced, scarcely evident, passing directly into the high, almost
semicircular middle part. Propleuron cream to light bluish.

Thorax similar to the male ; the narrow posthumeral brown stripe
wanting or indistinct; the mesepimeron not becoming black; the dark
area on the metepisternum along the second lateral suture usually dis-
tinct and rust red in color, sometimes very distinct and occupying
nearly one-half the sclerite. Beneath and coxae as in the male, but the
coxae never showing more than a trace of bluish. Silvery white over
blue areas never as conspicuous as in the male.

Abdomen seen from above similar to the male, except that 8 to 10
are black, very narrowly pale at apex. Seen from the side similar to
the male, but the lower pale areas on 3 to 7 wider, of uniform width, not
dilated subapically ; 8 to 10 similar to the preceding segments, the
lower pale area becoming progressively narrower posteriorly, and being
continuous along the sides, reaching the apex of each segment. Ven-
tral suture darker than in the male, largely dark brown to black on 3
to 6. Vulvar spine wanting.

Legs light yellow, a narrow line on the external angle and the apex
of the femora, black.

Wings very slightly tinged with brownish ; stigma light brown, pale-
encircled within the enclosing veins, covering rarely one cell, usually
very slightly less, shaped as in the male.

25O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

Dutch Guiana: Paramaribo, February 23, 1912, 49 $ , 4 9 •
Trinidad : Cumuto, March 8 and 10, 1912, 4 $ , i 9 .

Back of the rifle range at Paramaribo is a shallow ditch or
mud-bedded stream which, on February 23, 1912, seemed en-
tirely dry. However, I followed it for some distance and
eventually discovered a few shallow pools of stagnant water.
Near one of these pools and in the bed of the ditch lay a large
log which for a short distance was a foot or more off the
ground ; dense grass grew about the log and thus a little room
or cave was formed under the log, the log itself being the roof,
the nearly dry mud the floor and the rank grass the sides. At
one corner of this little room the grass was wanting, thus af-
fording an open doorway. About this doorway and just with-
in the little room no less than 50 Aeolagrion dor sale were taken.
When I first discovered them possibly a dozen or twenty were
in view, practically all of them well back under the log. At
each stroke of the net, those not captured disappeared but in
a moment they would be detected again, one here, one there,
resting in the grass about the log. Dor sale is an inconspicu-
ous species and is easily overlooked in grass. In adjoining
woodland I caught two or three about the top of a large fallen
tree. I have no notes and recall nothing of the Cumuto speci-
mens which were taken at the little swamp where we took
the large number of Metaleptobasis (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.
Vol. 48, May, 1915, p. 601).

Aeolagrion flammeum Selys. (Plate XVII, figs. 13, 14; PI. XVIII,

20).

Abdomen $ 32-35, average 33.2, 9 32; hind wing $ 21-22, 9 22-22.5.

$. — Genae pale yellowish to pale bluish; labrum slaty blue to bright
greenish blue; rhinarium slaty blue to light brown; nasus to ocelli dull
orange or rust red. Head above black and dull orange; ocelli sur-
rounded with black, except the median in front; on either side of the
median is a short lateral black spur, not always distinct ; from each
lateral ocellus a black stripe runs forward and outward to meet a
wide black area lying against the eye, and reaching inward to the
level of the inner side of the second joint of the antenna; anteriorly
it extends to in front of the antenna and posteriorly it is carried back
over the rear of the head ; it is often dark green in color and is al-
ways less intense black than the stripe from the lateral ocellus to the

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 25!

eye. Occipital crest and adjoining area pale, this pale area running
forward in a sharp point between the lateral ocelli. The pale area
just in front of the stripe from the lateral ocellus to the eye, ad-
joining the lateral ocellus, is usually bright yellow, paler than the dull
orange of other parts. Rear of head largely black, pale below and
adjoining the foramen.

Prothorax orange red; the anterior border narrowly indistinctly
brown, elsewhere slight, scarcely discernible traces of darker. Posterior
border of hind lobe broad and high, rounded, medianly broadly emar-
ginate. Propleuron similar in color to the pronotum, darker below.

Thorax above vivid rust red; mesepisternum with a longitudinal
median stripe about one-third the width of the sclerite, which in dried
material is scarcely evident or is indicated by a dull greenish or brown-
ish stripe, which in life is a vivid light greenish blue, in striking con-
trast to the surrounding red. Sides paler rust red, especially below
and behind; starting just behind the humeral suture and near its upper
end, a broad stripe runs directly down across sclerites to end on the third
coxae ; this stripe is like the .stripe on the mesepisternum, evanescent,
and in dried material is variously indicated; in life it is a vivid green-
ish blue area, becoming yellowish on the metinfraepisternum, which
appears to have been haphazardly placed on the insect by an artist
who carelessly disregarded the boundaries of the sclerites ; behind this
stripe and parallel to it is a large pale yellowish area of indefinite ex-
tent which occupies the metepimeron, except its upper and lower ends,
and extends above onto the metepisternum. Beneath and coxae cream-
colored.

Abdomen light brown above becoming progressively darker from
1-6; 3-7 more or less distinctly narrowly pale at base; 3-5 black at
apex; 3-6 with a trace of a longitudinal middorsal line, scarcely or not
discernible on 3 and 4, plainer on 5 and 6; 6 black except at base as
noted ; 7 subbasally black for one-fifth to one-half its length, the black
shading out posteriorly to yellow or orange; 8-10 yellow or orange
with much scattered bright red pigment in dried material. Seen from
the side I and 2 largely yellowish with some basal and apical blue or
green traces, the posterior border of each narrowly brown ; sides below
of 3-6 pale yellow, narrowest and not always evident on 6; on each seg-
ment this pale color connected with the pale basal rings, but not reach-
ing the apex, being terminated posteriorly by the apical black which
encircles each segment ; 7 broadly pale below the dorsal basal black,
this pale shading out posteriorly into the pale area which occupies the
entire apical portion of the segment; 8-10 entirely yellow or bright red.
Superior appendages brown, inner and ventral surfaces more or less
red; inferiors yellowish red at base, shading out into bright red, the
extreme apex brown tipped. Ventral suture pale, about color of ad-
joining parts, in some cases darker on 6 and 7.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[June, '17

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254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

Legs light yellow or light yellowish brown; external posterior sur-
face of femora black, apex black or brown.

Wings clear to slightly brownish-tinged ; stigma brown to reddish
brown, encircled with pale within the enclosing veins, covering one
cell or very slightly less, very slightly oblique, a brace vein present,
the costal and posterior sides distinctly longer than the proximal and
distal sides.

9 . — Similar to the male throughout except as noted, as brightly
colored, at least in dried material; abdominal segments 7-10, seen
from above, black, 10 with apex more or less red ; seen from the sides
7-9 are pale below like the preceding segments, and 10 is largely pale
with traces of red apically. Vulvar spine wanting.

British Guiana: Rockstone, February 12 and 14, 1912, 5 $ ,
2 $ ; Tumatumari. February 29, 1912, A. F. Porter, i $ .

Three of the males taken at Rockstone were collected by my
father and I know nothing of the circumstances as I was at
Tumatumari at the time. But on February 14 we went to-
gether in the afternoon to the large island in the Essequibo op-
posite Rockstone. At this time the country was experiencing
an unusual drought, the river was at a lower stage than many
persons had ever before seen it, and we found the pools on
the island dried up and dragonflies scarce. The four speci-
mens of flaunticiini taken were found singly in the woods, in
bushes or small trees, resting on the leaves at a height of 6
to 8 feet. .

\Yhen the above description was prepared and when the
manuscript of this paper was sent to Doctor Calvert, I re-
garded flammcnin as not congeneric with the species grouped
under Aeolagrion. Doctor Calvert wrote me that he regarded
my distinctions as very fine splitting; and later, in answer to
my enquiry, Mr. Kennedy wrote me: "The penes of flammcum
and dor sale are more alike than any other two species in the
genus. There are slight differences but these are not generic
unless there are good parallel characters in venation or else-
where." I therefore follow the judgment of these two students
in this paper. The key in this paper indicates the characters
upon which I was basing my opinion on the generic distinct-
ness of flammeum.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate XVIII.

WINGS OF LEPTAGRION AND AEOLAGRION.-wiLUAMSON.

19.— L. MACRURUM.
20.— AE. FLAMMEUM.

21.— AE. DORSALE.
22.— AE. DEMARARUM.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 255

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLATE XVII. Appendages of males.

Figs. 1-14 by M. Menger from specimens in de Selys collection; figs.
15-16 from Mr. Samuel Henshaw, specimen in Hagen collection. Figs.
5 and 6 have been compared by Mr. Emerton with the type of dorsale
in the Hagen collection and he reports them identical.
I, 2. Leptagrion macrurum. 9, 10. Leptagrion elongatum.

3, 4. Leptagrion andromache. n, 12. Leptagrion dispar.

5, 6. Acolagrion dorsale. 13, 14. Acolagrion flammeuin.

7, 8. Leptagrion porrcctum. 15, 16. Leptagrion (/) croccum.

PLATE XVIII. Wing photos.

Fig 19. Leptagrion macrurum. Photo, by C. H. Kennedy of a speci-
men in Dr. Calvert's collection.

Fig. 20. Aeolagrion nammcum, $, Tumatumari, British Guiana,
February 29, 1912. Photo, by Mr. Munz.

Fig. 21. Aeolagrion dorsale, $, Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, Febru-
ary 23, 1912. Photo, by Mr. Munz.

Fig. 22. Aeolagrion dcmararum, $, Georgetown, British Guiana,
January 25, 1912. Photo, by Mr. Munz.

New Chalcid Flies from Maryland, II (Hym.).*

By A. A. GIRAULT, Glenndale, Maryland.

Neomphaloidella mediogutta n. sp.

9. — Length, 1.45 mm. Like Aprostocetus whitmani Girault, in gen-
eral.

Dark metallic purple, the wings hyaline, the following parts golden
yellow (legs darker yellow) : Scape except the bulla and above nar-
rowly, ring-joints, legs except the cephalic coxa laterad at base, the
cephalic and middle femora dorsad for proximal two-thirds, proximal
half of abdomen laterad and ventrad and the proximal third of same
dorsad except for a narrow line across base, an abbreviated marginal
stripe (which extends from near the apex of the yellow proximad to a
little proximad of the middle) and a round median spot (opposite and
between the marginal stripes, its diameter not as long as this stripe
and which is not quite at the apex of the dorsal yellow — when the ab-
domen is retracted against the purple as is the marginal stripe).

Pedicel nearly twice longer than wide, a little shorter than club i ;
funicles I to 3 subequal or a little shorter in succession, nearly four
times longer than wide (joint i), the club joints about twice longer
than wide (but 3 shorter and conical, its terminal spine distinct). Man-
dibles tridentate. Sculpture usual, the propodeum scaly, with a median

*See Ent. News, xxviii, p. 20. Jan., 1917.

256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

carina, no true lateral but a nearly straight, narrow carina just laterad
of the elliptical spiracle. A single seta on scutum disto-laterad ; a line
of weak setae across pronotum caudad.

From two females, Glenndale, Maryland. From the woods
by sweeping, margin of streamlet, July 12, 1916.

Types: Catalogue No. 20372, United States National Mus-
eum, two females on a tag, the head on a slide.

Eupelmus 2-guttus n. sp.

9. — Length 1.65 mm., excluding the ovipositor which is extruded
for nearly half the length of the abdomen.

Dark metallic green, the wings hyaline, the proximal third of the
abdomen laterad and ventrad, the scape except its dorsal edge, the
tarsi, the trochanters, knees, apex of cephalic tibiae, middle legs except
a dot dorsad on tibia a short distance ventrad of knee, and a cinctus
on the femur just proximad of the knee, caudal leg except the proxi-
mal half of the coxa and the tibiae at proximal fourth dorsad, brown-
ish yellow.

Body finely scaly, the face in front of the cephalic ocellus opaque
but smooth. Segment 2 of abdomen slightly incised caudad at meson,
the others not so. Antenna inserted at the clypeus, the scape a little
compressed ; funicle I ring-like, a little wider than long, 2 and 3 sub-
equal, about twice longer than wide, 4 slightly longer than either, a
little longer than the pedicel, 7 and 8 quadrate; club 3-jointed. Fore
wings rather slender, the postmarginal vein distinctly longer than the
stigmal.

Glenndale, Maryland. One female by sweeping waste places
in a garden, July 2, 1916.

Type : Catalogue No. 20365, U. S. N. M., the female on a
tag, an antenna on a slide.

Sceptrophorus marilandicus n. sp.

9. — Of the same stature and so forth as solus (Howard), but some-
what smaller and less robust, the basal fourth of the abdomen above
(somewhat more below) is pale yellowish except a dot at each margin
at base, the scape is wholly pale yellow, the hind tibia bears a metallic
spot, a short distance below the knee, and the fore wings have the apex
widely infuscated, the infuscation extending conically proximad to op-
posite the apex of the stigmal vein. Also the tegulae are half pale
(basal half), the frons is slightly narrower and lacks the four
rows of minute pin-punctures present on the other (or they are very
obscure), the mandibles are smrller, their third tooth not so obtuse at
apex, subacute, (truncate in the other but not very broad), the funicle
joints are all shorter, the first subequal to the pedicel (6 quadrate),

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 257

there is a large, yellow stain under distal submarginal and all of the
marginal veins, the postmarginal vein is slightly longer than the stig-
mal instead of being shorter; it is subequal to the marginal which is
somewhat over thrice longer than wide. Types compared.

Head and thorax finely scaly, the scutum noticeably hairy ; the axillae
joined or nearly so. Head a little longer than wide, subtruncate at the
mouth, the scrobes short, forming a triangle, the frons not prominent,
the face inflexed but not greatly. Mandibular teeth subequal, acute.
Ovipositor free, very slightly extruded. Eyes somewhat longer than
the cheeks. Flagellum long, filiform-clavate, about twice the length of
the club which is but slightly enlarged, its third joint longest, sub-
equal to funicle 2. Propodeum glabrous, plane, transverse, shorter at
the meson, the spiracle small, oval.

One female, Glenndale, Maryland. Open woods, by sweep-
ing, September, 1916.

Type: Catalogue No. 20637, U. S. National Museum, a fe-
male on a tag, the head, a hind tibia and a fore wing on a slide.

BLATTOTETRASTICHUS new genus.

Based on Entcdon hagawwi Ratzeburg (equals Tctrasti-
chodes floridanus Ashmead) and differs from Ccratotetrasti-
chodcs in bearing but three ring-joints and' the antennae are
inserted below the middle of the face while the male antennae
bear four funicle, three club and two ring-joints. The metal-
lic coloration, white legs (except the first pair of coxae), pale
yellow scape, pedicel, ring-joints and abdominal petiole and the
fact that the scutum bears scattered, setigerous punctures and
the pedicel and funicle i are elongate, are characters which
make the species easy to be known. The specimens of it seen
by me were from the eggs of domestic cockroaches from
Louisiana and agree with Ratzeburg's short description: "Die
Vorderhiiften grossentheils dunkel ;" otherwise as in Eulo pints
.ranthopns Nees (as to coloration).

Genotype : B. hagcnozvi Ratz., a cosmopolitan species.

The following new species was labelled as the above species,
in the collections of the U. S. National Museum:

Epomphaloides ischnopterae new species.

?. A little less stout than hagcnoivi and black, the legs white, the
funicle joints somewhat shorter; scutum with sparse punctures along
its lateral margin only; mandibles with but two teeth, 2 broad and
truncate at apex; male scape much shorter, much dilated, funicle I
shorter than the other funicle joints. Otherwise the same.

258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

From a large number of females and several males reared
from the eggs of Ischnoptcra, Plummer's Island, Maryland
(E. A. Schwarz).

Types: Catalogue No. 20932, U. S. National Museum, one
male, three females on tags, the antennae of each sex on a

slide.

— i <» ' —

A new Species of Corythuca from the Northwest
(Heterop., Tingitidae).

By EDMUND H. GIBSON, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Wash-
ington, D. C.

During the past January the writer received from Mr. E. J.
Newcomer, of the Bureau of Entomology, stationed at Wenat-
chee, Washington, specimens of what proves to be a new
species of Corythuca. They were collected by Mr. Newcomer
from prarie sunflower, Balsamorhiza sagittata Pursh, the type
locality of which is known to be dry barren hills in the Rocky
Mountains and its range from British Columbia and Montana
to California and Colorado.

Corythuca pura n. sp.

Antennae with few long hairs, first segment about twice the length
of second, fourth incrassated at the middle. Rostral groove prominent
and rounded at the apex; rostrum reaching to middle coxae. Hood
considerably raised, about one half as high as long, evenly reticulated
and spined, median reticulation subprominent; rear of hood more or less
concave, but distinctly globose. Membranous pronotal margins evenly
reticulated and closely spined. Pronotum and base of triangular pro-
cess punctate with apex reticulate. Triangular process bordered entire
length with prominent membrane disappearing near apex. Median ca-
rina high and prominent with two rows of areolae, the top row not
greatly reduced in size. Length 3.8 mm., width 2.5 mm.

Color, antennae ochraceous with apex slightly darker. Eyes black.
Above entirely white, no spots of fuscous or color markings. Elytra
subhyaline to opaque. Beneath entirely black, but with light brown
legs. Beak same color as legs becoming darker towards apex.

This species is near C. Jiispida Uhl., but from which it may
be separated by its larger size and by having the median carina
of the pronotum higher and with two rows of large areolae
and the margin of which is not so concave or curving.

Described from three females and one male which are de-
posited in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 259

Studies on Costa Rican Odonata.

VIII. A New Genus Allied to Cora.
By PHILIP P. CALVERT, University of Pennsylvania,

Philadelphia, Pa.

In our recent book on Costa Rica* we have referred (page
255) to the capture, at Peralta, August 8, 1909, of "a medium-
sized dragonfly, of an apparently new genus allied to Cora."
Only a single male was obtained in spite of search in the same
locality on following days in August and in March, 1910. The
insect is evidently distinct from Cora, although the latter is its
closest known ally. Mr. E. B. Williamson has very recently
obtained a long series of the same genus, and possibly the same
species, in Colombia, some specimens of which he has kindly
sent me for examination, so that the recognition of this form
as generically distinct seems thoroughly justified. The fol-
lowing account is based on the Costa Rican specimen, leaving
to Mr. Williamson the future description of his Colombian
material.

MIOCORAf new genus.

Possessing these characters of the legion Thore of Selys,
viz. : Upper and lower sectors of the arculus (Mi-3 and M4)
separating from the upper (anterior) end of the arculus ;
proximal side of the quadrilateral much longer than the distal,
its anterior (upper) side concave, costal and subcostal series
of antenodals subequal in number but not coinciding in position
in most cases; quadrilateral and median cell (M) cross-veined,
the former shorter than the latter ; and the following charac-
ters of the genus Cora Selys, viz. : M3 unbranched, no sup-
plementary sectors between M4 and Cui, and only one ante-
nodal cross-vein (here the 8th or 9th, front wings, 9th or
loth, hind wings, of the costal series) thicker than the others. t

*A Year of Costa Rican Natural History by Amelia Smith Calvert
and Philip Powell Calvert, New York. The Macmillan Company, 1917.

fGreek p-uw, less, and Cora, in allusion to the reduced venation
in comparison with that genus.

tin the Colombian specimens the thickened antenodal varies from
the gth to the I4th, front wings, 8th to I3th, hind wings.

260

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[June, '17

Its distinctive differences from Cora, and indeed from the
whole legion Thore of de Selys (1869), are the unbranched
condition of Cu2, the presence of only a single row of cells
between Cm and Cu2, and of only a single row between Cu2
and the hind margin of the wing.

Fig. i. — Venation of Miocora peraltica c?, Peralta, Costa Rica. August 8, 1909 From
photograph by Mr. H. A. Walters. See text for an explanation concerning the
front wing.

The venation is displayed in the accompanying figure where,
owing to the longitudinal folding of the front wing. Mi -3 and
Mi-2 for a short distance distal to the separation of M3 is
not shown as distinct from R, as it actually is in both front
and hind wings, and as shown in our figure of the hind wing.

Genotype : Miocora peraltica n. sp.

Miocora peraltica n. sp. (Text figs. 1-4).

$. Colors (as noted from the freshly caught specimens, some addi-
tional details not mentioned in the field notes but visible in the dried
specimen being added in brackets [ ] ) : Eyes dark brown, below
somewhat bluish. [Remainder of the head black, a short orange streak
between each antenna and the median ocellus but nearer to the an-
tenna], labrum, genae and external surfaces of the mandibles light blue,
[cardines, stipites, submentum, mentum and basal two-thirds of median
labial lobe pale luteous, probably also light blue in life.].

Vol. xxviii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

26l

[Prothorax black, a pale blue? spot on each side of the middle lobe.]

Thoracic dorsum blackish ; humeral suture, most of metepisternum
and much of metepimeron pale bluish-green, but metepisternum and
metepimeron each with an [oblique] blackish stripe, less than one-half
as wide as the metepisternum but more than, one-half as wide as the
metepimeron. [Pectus pale bluish-green.]

Abdomen black, a spot on each side of segment i, a longitudinal
stripe on each side of 2 and a small basal spot on each side of 3, pale
green.

Ventral surface of thorax pruinose and traces of pruinosity on ven-
tral surfaces of abdominal segments.

[Legs: femora superiorly, tibiae inferiorly and tarsi blackish brown,
femora inferiorly and tibiae superiorly pale, perhaps bluish in life.]

Superior appendages twice as long as abdominal segment 10, hardly
as long as segment 9, black, in dorsal view forcipate, each becoming
more slender to the apex which is acute and bent mesad at the extreme
tip. Each appendage has a straight inferior process, projecting mesad,
ventrad and caudad, best seen in oblique dorso-lateral view, and whose

Fig. 2. — Left profile, Fig. 3. — Dorsal

Views of apex of abdomen of Miocora pcraltica n. sp., type c? •

proximal and distal edges separate from the inferior margin of the
appendage at 5/14 and 8/14 of the latter's length respectively; distal
edge of this process 3/14 of the length of the appendage; process be-
coming more slender toward its roundly acute apex. In profile view
each appendage is directed caudad and ventrad as far as the last tenth
of its length where its acute apex is curved dorsad; the appendage
gradually decreases in thickness from base to . apex, shows on its in-
ferior margin a slight post basal convexity and the process described
above, foreshortened at about mid-length. Inferior appendages not de-
veloped.

262

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[June, '17

Front wings : 26 to 28 antenodals, 24 to 25 postnodals, 10 cross-
veins in the median space, 3 cross-veins in the quadrilateral, pterostig-
ma surmounting five cells and parts of one or two others, its proximal
edge twice as long as its distal edge.

Hind wings : 25 to 22 antenodals, 24 to 26 postnodals, 8 to 9 cross-
veins in the median space, 4 cross-veins in the quadrilateral, pterostig-
ma surmounting four cells and parts of two others, its proximal edge
1.6 as long as its distal edge.*

All wings faintly smoky, costal and subcostal areas faintly yellowish
from the base distad to beyond the nodus. Hind wings with an apical
brown spot extending from about two cells proximal to the proximal
end of the stigma to the wing-apex and from the costal margin to M=,
some cells between M2 and Rs, also being faintly brown, many of the
cells within the area of the spot paler in their centers. Pterostigmata
dark reddish brown.

Total length 42, abdomen 34. superior appendage 1.16, hind wing 24.5,

la it

Fig. 4. — Genitalia of the basal abdominal segments, Miocora peraltica, n. sp. ,
type cf . The abdomen is viewed from the right side, ventral surface uppermost,
i, 2, 3, abdominal segments i, 2 and 3 ; ha, h/>, anterior and posterior hamules; la,
anterior lamina ; Ib, lamina batilliformis of Rathke ( 1832) and Schmidt ( 1915), sheath
of the penis of Rambur (1842) and of American authors; pr,p2,pj, first, second and
third segments of the penis of Kennedy (1916) ; pj', third segment in dorsal view;
vp, vesicle of the penis (" Samenkapsel ").

*As might be expected, the Colombian specimens show some varia-
tions in the numbers of these veins and surmounted cells in both front
and hind wings.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 263

costal edge of stigma of front wing 2, of hind wing 1.8, maximum
width of front wing (mid-way between nodus and stigma) 5.5, same
of hind wing, 5.5, width of head 4.8 mm.

Type a male from Peralta, Costa Rica, August 8, 1909, by
P. P. Calvert, in the writer's collection at the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

In August, 1909, a short distance back of Peralta Station
of the Costa Rica Railway, altitude 322 meters, 1055 feet,
there extended a Y-shaped track to enable locomotives to
reverse their heading. At the end of the stem of the Y was a
narrow, slow-moving stream called simply "laguna." Just
beyond the laguna was a low woods consisting of small trees,
arums, ferns, heliconias and numerous vines or creepers. Here
the type of Miocora peraltica was taken about noon.

The generic name Thore Selys, 1853, from which his legion
Thore takes its appellation, was preoccupied by the name
Thore applied to a subgenus of Attid spiders by C. L. Koch
(Ubersicht des Arachnidensystems, 5tes Heft, p. 66, Niirn-
berg, 1850). I therefore propose the name Polythore for
the Odonate genus in allusion to the denser venation of its
members in comparison with other genera of the Selysian
legion. The type of Thore was fixed by Kirby (Cat. Odon.
1890, p. 116) as T. glgantca Selys, so this species becomes
the genotype of Polythore. The oldest generic name thus
left in the legion is Chalcoptcryx Selys, 1853.

The Knaus Collection of Coleoptera.

Mr. Warren Knaus (class of 1882, Kansas State Agricultural Col-
lege) has donated to the Entomological Museum of the College, his
valuable collection of Coleoptera. Ever since he was a student in the
College, Mr. Knaus has spent practically all of his spare time and vaca-
tions in collecting and studying the Coleoptera. He has made many
trips into the arid regions of Mexico, Arizona, Texas and New Mexico
to collect insects. These trips have been productive of a great many
new species. His collection contains a number of species that are only
found in one or two museums in the world, and these were furnished
by Mr. Knaus. His collection will be kept separate and will be known
as the "Warren Knaus Collection." — GEORGE A. DEAN, Manhattan, Kan-
sas.

264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

Two new Species of Macrophya (Hym.).*

By S. A. ROHWER, Specialist in Forest Hymenoptera, Bureau
of Entomology, Washington, D. C.

In a recent number of Entomological News (1916, vol. 27,
pp. 274-77) Phil Ran has described, in some detail, the dance
of a species of Macrophya. Inasmuch as the species was un-
described it is desirable that it should be named so that the
observation may be catalogued and made available. The spe-
cies described as rani is the one referred to in the beginning of
Mr. Rau's paper, and the species described as simillima is
probably the species recorded as being captured later in the
week. From the material at hand it is impossible to make this
assertion positive as the individuals are not dated. Both of
these species belong to Macrophya in the restricted sense.

Macrophya raui new species.

Macrophya sp. Rau. Ent. News, 1916, vol. 27, p. 274.

This species is closely allied to punctata MacGillivray and
propinqua Harrington. From propinqua it may be separated
by the spot on the hind tibiae, the mostly black clypeus and
labrum, and poorly defined middle f ovea ; from punctata the
shape and size of the postocellar area will serve to distinguish
it.

Female : Length 8.5 mm. Anterior margin of the labrum truncate ;
the clypeus deeply, arcuately emarginate, lobes broadly rounded apical-
ly ; middle and frontal foveae not well denned ; antennal furrows com-
plete; front punctured; postocellar area more than twice as wide as
long, the sides curved, the surface with rather close, large punctures ;
postocellar line one-third shorter than the ocellocular line; vertex,
except the posterior part, shining, impunctate ; third antennal joint but
little shorter than the fourth and fifth joints; scutum and prescutum
shining with separate distinct punctures; scutellum closely punctured;
scutellar appendage completely roughened ; mesepisternum striato-
punctate; metepimeron normal; third cubital cell subequal in length
with the second ; sheath narrow, rounded apically, convex below.

Black; labrum in the middle, two small spots on the clypeus, an in-
conspicuous spot on the mandible, two very small spots on the vertex,
the posterior margin of the pronotum narrowly, the anterior margin of

*Contribution from the Branch of Forest Insects, Bureau of Ento-
mology.

Vol. XXV'iiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 265

the tegulae, two small spots on the propodeum medianly, a line on the
anterior and intermediate coxae, a spot on the posterior coxae, all the
trochanters, the apices of the anterior femora beneath, the four anterior
tibiae beneath, the four anterior tarsi except apices, a spot at the base
of the hind tibiae and a curved mark near the middle, the dorsal sur-
face, the dorsal basal part of the second and third joints of the hind
tarsi, and the base of the fourth hind tarsus — white or yellowish
white; wings subhyaline, venation dark brown, stigma slightly paler.

Male. — Length 7 mm. Except for the usual sexual characters the
male agrees in structure with the female. The anterior half of the
clypeus is white and the posterior portion of the pronotum shows only
a faint indication of the white band. In some of the male paratypes
the white band of the pronotum is as distinct as in the female.

St. Louis, Missouri. Described from three females and
seven males collected in April, 1915, by Phil Rau and given
his number 1518.

Type.— Cat. No. 20907, U. S. N. M.

Macrophya simillima new species.

This species is related to alba MacGillivray, but the short
antennae and long postocellar line easily separate it from Mac-
Gillivray's species. In habitus it resembles more closely
xanthonota Rohwer, but the black hind coxae of that species
readily separate the two.

Female. — 'Length 7.5 mm. Anterior margin of the labrum truncate;
anterior margin of the clypeus broadly, deeply, arcuately emarginate ;
the lobes narrow and rounded apically; middle and frontal foveae
represented by glabrous spots ; antennal furrows obsolete ; front
closely punctured; postocellar line subequal in length with the ocelloc-
cipital line and one-fifth shorter than the ocellocular line ; postocellar
area with its anterior width but little greater than its length, much
wider posteriorly, the surface with a few large, well defined punctures;
the sides of the vertex shining, almost impunctate ; antennae shorter
than the head and thorax, the third joint subequal with the fourth and
fifth; scutum and prescutum opaque, and with a number of irregular
poorly defined punctures ; scutellum shining, the sides with large, well
defined punctures, the appendage opaque and with two or three large
punctures; mesepisternum reticulate on a finely granular surface;
mesepimeron slightly produced posteriorly, shining, impunctate except
the dorsal posterior angle where it is finely granular; second cubital
longer than the third on the radius, subequal on the cubitus.

Black ; base of the labrum. clypeus except the anterior margin, line
on the mesepisternum, posterior margins of the pronotum broadly,

266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

tegulae, large spot on the scutellum, propodeum except the sides —
white or yellowish white; legs yellow; the apices of the four anterior
tibiae above, the anterior tarsi above, the apices of the middle tarsi,
the apical half of the posterior femora, extreme base of the posterior
tibise, the apex of the posterior tibiae, extreme base and apex of the
first joint of the hind tarsi and the apices of the second and following
joints of the hind tarsi, black; calcaria of the hind tibiae black and the
other tibiae pale ; wings slightly yellowish hyaline, venation including
the stigma dark brown.

Male. — Length 7 mm. In color the male differs from the female in
the white labrum and in the entirely black hind tarsi; in structure it
agrees except for the usual antigeny.

St. Louis, Missouri. Described from one female (Ran No.
1531) and one male (Rau No. 1533), collected in April, 1915,
by Phil Rau. A male and female paratype also come from
Lincoln, Nebraska, collected in May, 1902, by W. D. Pierce.
A female paratype from Michigan and a female paratype from
Ithaca, New York, have a brownish spot on the basal dorsal
part of the four anterior femora.

Type.— Cat. No. 20908, U. S. N. M.

Summer Work on Insects

Professor M. M. Ellis, of the University of Colorado, will conduct
a course on the Natural History of Insects (elementary collegiate
zoology being a prerequisite thereto) and will direct special or research
work on insects at the Summer Session of the Biological Station of the
University of Michigan, at Douglas Lake, Michigan, from July 2 to
August 24, 1917.

CaJopteryx dimidiata apicalis (Odon.).

In recently looking over some Odonata I found a damaged male of
this species with the following data : "Dragonfly taken from canoe on
Rancocas Creek three-quarters mile below New Lisbon, N[ew]
[Jersey] Aug. 17, 1911, by S. N. Rhoads. About five males like this
and as many females with less black were seen. Nowhere else seen.
Always over water in shady places. A rare species there." Brown's
Mills (also on the Rancocas) and Raccoon Creek are the only other
records for the Delaware valley in the 1910 list of the Insects of New
Jersey, so the recording of the present specimen is justifiable. The
specimen has gone to Dr. R. Heber Howe, Jr., of Concord, Massachu-
setts.— PHILIP P. CALVERT.

ENT NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate XIX.

W. B.Kur>c

NOTONECTA UNDULATA.-HUNGERFORD.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 267

The Life History of the Backswimmer, Notonecta
undulata Say (Hern., Het.).

By H. B. HUNGERFORD, Cornell University.

(Plates XIX, XX.)

Of all our American water bugs none are more generally
known in their native haunts than the Backswimmers. They
are to be found in nearly every pool and pond and afford most
interesting objects for aquarium study. The fact that they
swim on their backs readily distinguishes them from all other
water bugs.

The family Notonectidae, to which these bugs belong, is a
small one, there being but three genera and a total of eighteen
species reported for America north of Mexico. All but four
species are assigned to the genus Notonecta, to which our com-
monest forms belong. These bugs are all of fair size (8-17 mm. )
and for the most part marked with black and white or with
black and various shades of red or brown. The various
species of this genus may be distinguished by the table pre-
pared for their identification by Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno

(1905)-

In New York State we find several interesting species in the

same pool while in the ponds of Kansas the black and white
TV. undulata is the common and almost the only form taken in
collecting. It is the life history of this species that this paper
presents.

LITERATURE.

So far as the writer has been able to find there is no account
in the literature concerning the complete life history of any of
the species of the genus Notonecta which are often dominant
forms in our pools and ponds in America. Mr. J. R. de la
Torre Bueno (1905) in his Notonecta of North America de-
scribes the egg of Notonecta undulata and records having
reared them to the second or third instar when they died for
want of proper food — he also presents some notes on the egg
stage and number of nymphal instars of N. variabilis. Chris-
tine Essenberg (1915) describes the egg of N. undulata and
gives a general account of the Notonecta egg, its incubation

268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, 'l/

and hatching, the behavior of the young nymph and the dura-
tion of the first nymphal instar. She did not carry them
farther because of the difficulties involved.

In the literature dealing with the species in other lands, Kir-
kaldy (1897) in a footnote to his "Revision of the Notonecti-
dae," stated his success in rearing to the third instar and re-
gretted his inability to record the complete cycle, though he
correctly surmised that there are five nymphal instars.

Delcourt (1907) gives brief reference to the number of in-
stars and states that he reared N. glauca on mosquito wrigglers.
This author was chiefly concerned with taxonomic problems
as is shown by the title of his paper, "De la Necessite d'une
Revision des Notonectes de France."

In 1911 D. Nowrojee gave the most complete account of thr.
life history of any member of the subfamily Notonectinae.
His paper deals with Enithares indie a Fab. and is a two page
account accompanied by four figures (egg, nymph, and adult)
in color. A description of the egg, the length of incubation
and the duration of the various instars are given.

Hoppe (1912) in his paper on "Die Atmung von Notonecta
glauca" makes a few remarks on the life history, noting five
nymphal instars.

On the other hand the behavior of these insects has been
the subject of careful study on the part of a number of work-
ers— especially in relation to respiration.

Brocher (1909, 1913) and Hoppe in Europe have made ex-
tended studies on the respiration of Notonecta glanca and
Christine Essenberg (1915), of Berkeley, California, has writ-
ten upon the behavior of four California species.

In addition to the above more important references, dealing
with species of Notonecta, there are many interesting notes to
be found in the text-books and scattered through the literature
from an early date to the present time. Some of these will be
noted in the body of this paper or listed in the Bibliography.

HABITAT AND MIGRATION.

Notonecta undidata, besides being the most widely distri-
buted form, seems to be able to adapt itself to a wider range

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 269

of circumstances than most of the others. The writer has
taken it in clear spring-fed pools in New York and in 'the
stagnant scum-covered waters of muddy ponds in Kansas.
Uhler (1876) says "it inhabits the foulest pools, in dirty slush
and slimy ponds it revels in full enjoyment of the filth."

Barber (1913), in a popular paper on Aquatic Hemiptera,
makes a similar reference to its habitat. Thus it may be noted
to be less sensitive than many others of its genus to its en-
vironment. When the small bodies of water recede during the
prolonged period of dry weather, which we sometimes have in
late summer in Kansas, it is among the last to take wing to
more favorable situations, a fact which is not to be accounted
for on the basis of weak powers of flight, for it does on occa-
sion fly very well, as appears to have been noted for the Eur-
opean forms at an early date. Aldrovandus spoke of them
as amphibious bees and Swammerdam, at the close of his dis-
cussion of the Notonectac, a name applied to them by Mouffet,
1634, makes the following interesting remark in regard to
the migration of water bugs : "As all the insects hitherto
enumerated have wings, some of them flying in the daytime
and others at night, it is easy to conceive that they may be
very speedily generated in all standing waters."

In the first warm days of spring, the writer has observed
them coming by the dozens and alighting in a small road-side
pool. Thus their range, which was restricted by the drouth
of the previous fall, was again extended to the many favor-
able pools of spring and early summer. There are several rec-
ords of Corixid migrations in this country but only one, so far
as the writer knows, for Notonccta. In September, 1846.
near the head waters of the Mississippi, S. G. Simpson report-
ed a swarm of "N. yla-nca" which extended over 25 or 35
miles. This species, if a Notonectid at all, was doubtless the
common N. undulata.

FOOD AND FOOD HABITS.

The predatory tendencies, and the daring attacks of these
insects upon other animals of formidable size have been known
from the first biological notes concerning them. Nearly every

270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

writer has enlarged upon this point, but they also feed quite
largely upon ostracods and similar organisms, especially in
their younger stages as has been previously pointed out by
the writer.* He began his attempts at rearing by using mos-
quito wrigglers as recommended by Delcourt, but met with
indifferent success, perhaps because he did not secure them in
proper sizes. It was soon discovered that ostracods made an
excellent fare and afforded a constant supply. A large aquar-
ium was teeming with them, from which they were transferred
by means of a pipette to the small petri dishes in which the
notonectid nymphs were isolated. It is interesting to watch the
nymphs feed upon these little bivalves. The capture and
consumption may be watched under the binocular with ease
for the prey is held against the venter, which is upper-most
as shown by the drawing, PI. XIX, fig. 8.

The little notonectid is not prone to carry on an extended
chase, doubtless aware that success is more surely attained by
waiting until the prey comes within striking distance, than by
sustained effort.

Thus it rests suspended from the surface film with the row-
ing legs poised well forward of right angles to the body, ready
for a sudden attack. At last an unsuspecting ostracod comes
gliding over the bottom of the petri below, a sudden dart, dodge
and a turn and notonecta returns to its former position on its
back, tip of the abdomen at the surface film and the body
sloping head downward at its customary angle, but now em-
bracing the luckless bivalve with both fore legs. With the
armored prey, held prisoner upon the coxae of the fore legs, it
turns it about to find a vulnerable point in which to jab its
stylets — at last success is attained, the valves open and do not
close again for the nymphal backswimmer feeds. Though
partaking of the contents of this ostracod and both fore legs
busy retaining perhaps as many as two others, gathered since
the feeding began and which are striving to escape, this greedy
fellow dives again and again at other ostracods that pass near
by. Finally, having exhausted the supply of nutriment con-

*Science N. S. Vol. XLV, No. 1162, Page 336, April 6, 1917.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 27!

tained in the captured victims, their shells are cast aside and
the process repeated as opportunity affords. A careful exami-
nation of the field notes brings to light the fact that at the time
when Notonecta nymphs in their first and second instars were
in their greatest numbers, both in their spring and summer
generations, the waters were teeming with ostracods. In the
laboratory nymphs have been carried through the first four
stages on ostracods alone, but as a rule they were supplied
nymphal corixids in the later instars. The corixids have been
found very satisfactory for Bclostonta nymphs also.

ADAPTATIONS TO AQUATIC LIFE.

Much has been written upon the adaptation of Notonecta to
an aquatic life. Brocher (1909) places them with the Nau-
corids, midway between the less modified Corixids and the
more greatly modified Nepids. He was considering the mat-
ter from the standpoint of respiration. Following some clever
experiments, in which he removed certain air retaining devices
of the body and closed, in turn, various spiracles, he concludes
that they inspire through the last abdominal pair of spiracles
and that the air retained about the body is for the most part ex-
pired air, liberated by the thoracic spiracles. Perhaps the first
note in this country representing a close observation of the res-
piration appeared in the American Naturalist for 1887 and
was written by Professor Comstock.

OVIPOSITION.

A somewhat detailed account of the literature on the ovipo-
sition of these insects was given in the discussion and in an
annotated bibliography accompanying the paper "The Egg
Laying Habits of a Back Swimmer, Bncnoa uiarfjaritacca"
etc., by the writer (1917). In this paper it was noted that
Buenoa niargaritacca places its eggs in the stems of plants. It
may be stated that though N. itnditlata may sometimes abrade
the surface, as noted by Bueno, the chitinous processes of the
ovipositor are ill adapted to making any such deep incision as
are made by B. margaritacca.* Christine Essenberg (1915),

*On the other hand N. irrorata has a long- ovipositor and inserts its
eggs wholly or in part in the stems of submerged plants. The writer
has had the opportunity just recently to study this species and finds
the eggs laid in the aquaria placed in incisions of the stems of money-
wort, etc.

2/2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

in California, states that the four species with which she work-
ed place their eggs on the stems. It is certainly the case with
Notonccta imdulata whose elongate white eggs may be found,
in large numbers, on the dead stems of weeds lodged in the
water or on any other support. Photographs of the eggs are
shown in Plate XX, figs. 6. 3 and 4.

SEASONAL RANGE.

The adults may be taken in Kansas any time during the win-
ter when the waters are open enough to permit collecting.
They pass the coldest portions of the year in the mud or among
the rubbish and dead leaves in the pool. They can even spend
as long a time as six weeks in damp piles of dead sticks, so
it does not necessarily follow that they perish because the pools
diminish during weather when they are but sluggishly active.
During the season of 1916 egg laying began about the middle of
March and continued till the end of April. The largest num-
bers were noted on April nth. By the 4th of May, the first and
second instar nymphs were in greatest abundance in all the
pools under observation which were teeming at this time with
ostracods. The 25th of May found many of the nymphs in
the fifth instar and the adults were appearing in numbers June
ist. A few nymphs in the earlier instars were still to be noted,
but no eggs had been found for some time.

On June 7th freshly laid eggs were again taken and they-
continued to be noted up to the first week in August. Many
nymphs in their first stages were noted on July I3th and many
of these reached the adult stage about August 2oth. By this
time the pools that had been chosen for the daily field obser-
vations were either completely gone or so greatly restricted
that observations were transferred to the larger bodies of
water.

In the laboratory rearings were made in stender and petri
dishes — one bug to a dish. From these rearings it may be said
that the eggs laid on March i8th hatched March 3Oth. Eggs
laid April I2th showed the pink eye spots April i6th, and be-
gan hatching April 22nd.

The average time for each of the first four instars was 7

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 273

days, for the fifth instar 12 days. Eggs laid July I2th hatched
July 1 7th, averaged 6 days for each of the first four instars
and n days for the fifth — a total of 40 days from the deposi-
tion of the egg to the adult stage, a period somewhat shorter
than for the spring generation.

DESCRIPTION OF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES.

The egg. A description of the egg of this species was given
by Bueno (1905) as 1.9-2 mm. in length, clear glistening pearly
white when recently deposited. Chorion sculptured in irregu-
lar hexagons. Shape elongate oval. A large series of freshly
laid eggs averaged 1.75 mm. in length, varying from 1.625 mm.
to 1.813 mm. The diameter ranged from .5 mm. to .6 mm.
The shape of the egg is modified as the embryo develops. The
embryo lies with its back to the attached side of the egg as a
rule. After a few days incubation the eye spots begin to ap-
pear as faint pink blotches — darkening as development takes
place till shortly before hatching the black hairs bordering the
various portions of the body of the nymphs are visible through
the chorion.

Hatching takes place upon bursting the cephalic end of the
egg as shown in the photograph. The nymph comes forth
swathed in a clear membrane, gradually working its way, by
backward and forward movements, till it is nearly clear of the
egg shell, whereupon the embryonic sheath splits and slowly
the new bug frees itself, the swimming legs being the last to
leave the shell. As the legs are freed they spring out into
position. When at last the little bug is clear, it rests as though
exhausted, then it makes, during the next fifteen or twenty
minutes, intermittent endeavors to attain the surface. Tn
these efforts it approaches the surface head uppermost and is
heavier than the water — dropping to the bottom as soon as its
struggles cease. Finally it may succeed in hooking a front
claw into the surface film where it will hang suspended for
some minutes. Finally it turns on its side, pierces the sur-
face film, then darts below, the guard hairs closed over a bub-
ble of air — up to this time the guard hairs of the abdomen
have rested limp against the body.

274

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[June, '17

In the light of Tillyard's work with hatching dragonfly
nymphs and the work of Hoppe and Brocher on the respira-
tion of older notonecta nymphs, careful and extended obser-
vations on the respiratory activity of the newly hatched water
bugs are to be desired.

THE NYMPHAL INSTARS.

First Instar. Size : see table below. Color : General body white,
eyes red, hairs and spines black, antennae smoky black. When first
hatched the abdomen especially transparent and the movements of the
organs plainly visible within. Tarsal claws all conspicuously black.

Structural peculiarities. The most characteristic feature of the first
instar is the absence of the tuft of hairs which in all succeeding instars
is found on a median ventral carina of the abdomen. The eyes are
relatively far apart. The antennae are apparently two-segmented and
directed downward (really three segments). The tarsi are all one-
segmented and end in two claws. The tarsi of the hind legs are fringed
with hairs. The middle femora are furnished on their caudo-ventral
margins with two strong bristles set upon elevations.

Second instar. The presence of the tuft and fringe of hairs on the
ventral abdominal carina is the chief addition over that of the previous
stage. The rear margin of the middle femora are now equipped with
three strong bristles and there is a suggestion of the tooth or spine
that becomes prominent in the succeeding instar. Antennae 3-seg-
mented. First segment short, disc-like, second somewhat globose and
third elongate.

Third instar. The caudal margin of the mesothoracic femur now
carries a well developed tooth as well as the three stout spines noted

TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS.

STAGE

GENERAL MEASUREMENTS

HIND LEG

MIDDLE LEG

FORE LEG

.c

w>

c

V

£

•5
£

~T3

33
£s

Between
Eyes

X

^ 11

J= t!

t; u
P>

W2

Femur

«
3
H

Tarsus

Femur

cd

15

H

Tarsus

Femur

rt

!3
H

Tarsus

1st instar

2.125

1.062

.833

.43

.818

.687

.707

.875

.437

.437

.313

.37

.375

.275

2d instar

3.1

1.41

l.OC

.395

.73

.975

.975

1.12

.63

.625

.437

.5

.53

.37

3d instar

4.66

2.

1.4

.4

.66

1.47

1.47

1.53

1.

1.

.65

.75

.762

.57

4th instar

6.125

2.75

1.87

.53

.66

2.125

2

2.

1.38

1.37

.03

1.

1.12

.75

5th instar

8.5

3.5

2.5

.66

.58<2

3.1

289

2.75

2.1

Q

1.16

1.5

1.58

1.12

6th c?

11.4

4.

2.86

.4

.4

4.1

3.48

2.86

2.68

2.57

1.43

1.94

2.28

1.26

6th ?

11.4

4.28

2.97

.42

.41

4.28

3.54

2.97

2.85

2.68

1.66

o

2.28

1.43

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2/5

in the second instar. Tibia and tarsus of hind leg now fringed with
hairs — wing pads as in Fig. 4,c, Plate XIX.

Fourth instar. The middle femora now bear very stout processes in
the line of the caudal row of spines. A series of short processes on
the ventral side of this segment take the place of minute rugosities of
the previous instar.

Fifth instar. The tooth or strong spine on the mesothoracic tibia is
now extremely wide at its base. The limbs are stouter than previously
and the wing pads now have the position shown in figure 4e of Plate
XIX.

In the above table the measurements are in millimeters and based on
reared material. The adults are certainly smaller than those taken in
Ithaca, New York, though practically the same as specimens from na-
ture in Kansas. These figures are intended to help in determining an
instar. The series measured is not large enough for purposes of gener-
alization.

General notes on development. There are certain constants of struc-
ture that are carried through all the nymphal instars. The mesotho-
racic legs may serve as an illustration of this point. In all the instars
the tarsi end in unequal claws as in the adult, and the tibiae possess a
row of five bristles on their caudo-ventral margin and the tarsi three
such bristles.

The metathoracic tarsi end in an unequal pair of claws which are
prominent in the first instar (PI. XIX, fig. 10) and which become less
and less conspicuous as development proceeds till in the adult stage
their similarity to the other structures of the swimming leg has led to
the common statement that the tarsal claws of hind legs are absent in
the adult. Upon transforming to the adult stage the one-segmented
condition of the tarsi is replaced by a two-segmented tarsus and the
three-segmented antennae becomes four-segmented. (See PI. XIX, figs.
6 and 7.)

The eyes occupy an increasingly large proportion of the head in suc-
cessive instars, a point not properly indicated in the drawings which
were made from living bugs in the water.

SUMMARY.

Notonccta undulata is the most widely distributed of all our
backswimmers. It lives well in the aquarium and may be
reared from deposition of the egg to the adult stage in some
forty days if placed in isolated jars and given proper attention.
The young stages thrive on a diet of ostracods and the ad-
vanced nymphs do very well on immature and small corixids
for a food supply. In Kansas there are two main broods in

276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, 'l/

a season, one reaching the adult stage in June, the other in
August. Since these insects draw quite largely in their young
stages upon the ostracods and similar organisms, which repre-
sent a chief food supply for young fish, as well as preying
upon small fish directly, as has been noted several times, they
deserve more careful study. This task is greatly facilitated
by a workable key to the species and by some knowledge of
their feeding habits.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
AMYOT, C. J. B., et AUDINET SERVILLE, 1843. — Histoire naturelle des

Insectes — Hemipteres. Paris.
BARBER, H. G., 1913. — Aquatic Hemiptera. Jr. N. Y. Ento. Soc. XXI,

pp. 29-32.
BROCHER, FRANK, 1909. — Recherches sur la Respiration des insectes

aquatiques adultes. La Notonecte in : Annales de Biologic lacus-

tre, Tome IV.
IBID, 1909. — Recherches sur la Respiration des Insectes Aquatiques

(images). Nepe, Hydrophile, Notonecte, Dyticidae, Haemonia,

Elmides. (Resume of previous paper.)
IBID, 1913. — Recherches sur la respiration des insectes aquatiques adultes

in: Zoolog. Jahrb., 33 Band, 2 Heft. 1913. (A response to Hoppe's

paper).
BUENO, J. R. DE LA TORRE, 1905. — The Genus Notonecta, in America

North of Mexico: Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XIII, p. 144.
IBID, 1906. — Ways of progression in water bugs. Ent. News 17: pp. 1-4.
IBID, 1908. — Concerning the Notonectidae and some recent writings on

Hemipterology. Can. Ent. 40, p. 211.
COMSTOCK, J. H., 1887. — Note on Respiration of Aquatic Bugs. Am.

Nat. Vol. XVI, p. 577.
DELCOURT, A., 1907. — De la Necessite d'une Revision des Notonectes

de France in: La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes (Rennes) No.

442, Aug. ist, pp. 198-207.

DE GEER, 1778. — Memoires pour servir a 1'histoire des insectes.
ESSENBERG, CHRISTINE, 1915. — Habits and Natural History of the Back-
swimmers in : Jr. Animal Behavior, Cambridge. Vol. 5, No. 5,

pp. 381-390.

GARMAN, H., 1888. — Bulletin Illinois State Laboratory of Natural His-
tory, Vol. Ill, p. 174.

HOPPE, JULIAN, 1912. — Die Atmung von Notonecta glauca. Zoologische
Jahrbiicher, Jena.

HUNGERFORD, H. B., 1917. — The Egg Laying Habits of a Back-swim-
mer, Buenoa margaritacea Bueno, and other biological notes con-
cerning it. Ent. News, xxviii, pp. 174-183, pi. XIII.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2/7

KIRKALDY, G. W., 1897. — Revision of the Notonectidae, Pt. I, in :
Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1897, pp. 393-436.

IBID, 1896. — Notonecta glauca — its oviposition. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lon-
don, 1896, p. xxvii.

MOUFFET, THOMAS, 1634. — Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium
Theatrum.

NOWROJEE, D., 1911. — Life Histories of Indian Insects, II. Some aqua-
tic rhynchota and coleoptera in: Memoirs of the Dept. of Agri.
in India. Vol. II, No. 9. Ento. series. Pub. by W. Thacker &
Co., 2, Creed Lane, London. May.

SAY, THOMAS, 1859. — American Entomology, Vol. I, 1859, p. 368.

SEVERIN and SEVERIN, 1910. — Notonecta undulata Say preying upon
eggs of Belostoma flumineum Say. Can. Ento., 42, p. 340.

SIMPSON, S. G., 1848. — Quoted by Dr. Spence in: Trans. Ent. Soc.
London, Vol. 5 : Proceedings, p. 36.

SWAMMERDAM, JOHN, 1758. — The Book of Nature or the History of

Insects Translation from the Dutch and Latin Original

Edition by Thomas Floyd. Revised and improved by notes from
Reaumur and others by John Hill, London.

UHLER, P. R., 1884. — In : Kingsley, J. S. — Standard Natural History,
Vol. II. Crustacea and Insects.

IBID, 1876. — List of the Hemiptera of the Region West of the Miss.
River, including those collected during the Hayden explorations
of 1873. Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, Vol. I.

WALCKENAER, C. A., 1802. — Faune parisienne, Insectes, ou histoire
abrigee des Insectes des environs de Paris, p. 331.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLATE XIX.

Fig. i. — Ventral view of terminal abdominal segments of male Noto-
necta undulata Say.

Fig. 2. — Fifth in star nymph.

Fig. 3. — Ventral view of terminal abdominal segments of female.

Figs. 4a to 4e. — Diagrams of dorsal view of meso- and metathorax
of nymphs, first to fifth instars respectively, showing the de-
veloping wing pads.

Fig. 5. — 3rd instar nymph. Both rows of swimming hairs shown.

Fig. 6. — Antennae of 5th instar nymph.

Fig. 7. — Antennae of adult male.

Fig. 8. — 2nd instar feeding upon an ostracod.

Fig. 9. — 1st instar nymph — drawn by Miss Ellen Edmonson.

Fig. 10. — Tarsus of hind leg of first instar nymph showing the tarsal
claws which become less conspicuous as development ad-
vances.

Fig. 11. — Egg of Notonecta undulata, showing details of structure,
drawn by Miss Ellen Edmonson.

278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

PLATE XX.

Fig. i. Two eggs of Notonecta undulata after hatching, showing the
characteristic slit in the shell and the clear embryonic mem-
brane shed by the nymph upon emerging.

Fig. 2. Adult Notonecta undulata in the water.

Fig. 3. Egg nearly ready to hatch — note the red eye spot and the dark
line at margin of the gelatinous substance which glues the
egg to its support.

Fig. 4. A freshly laid egg viewed from above.

Fig. 5. A roadside pool in early spring. The backswimmers were
arriving in numbers flying from some unknown quarters
where they had passed the winter.

Fig. 6. Eggs of Notonecta undulata freshly laid upon old weed stems
lodged in the waters of the pool. Gyrinid beetles lay some-
what similar eggs which may be distinguished by their ar-
rangement upon their support and by the fact that the eye
spots in advanced eggs are black instead of red and farther
from the end of the egg than in those of the backswimmers.

Seasonal Abundance of Flies in Montana (Dipt.).1
By R. R. PARKER, Bozeman, Montana.

During the season of 1914 the Montana State Board of
Entomology started investigations to determine the life history
and habits of the house fly (Musca domcstica Linnaeus) and
flies of similar habits common in Montana cities and towns
and their relation to insanitary conditions. Investigations dur-
ing 1914 were conducted mainly at Laurel and incidental ob-
servations were made at other points in the Yellowstone Val-
ley during the same season. In 1915 the work was carried on
at Miles City and the more important results have been pre-
sented in the Journal of Economic Entomology for June, 1916
(pp. 326-354). Observations incidental to other work have
been made in various other localities.

The present paper concerns the seasonal abundance of flies,
particularly the house fly, and the most important portion is
based on work done at Laurel during July and August of 1914.
This town had a population of about 1200, the houses were

Contribution from the Laboratory of the Montana State Board
of Entomology, State College, Bozeman, Montana.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

widely separated, the general conditions semi-rural and health
conditions very poor. Several previous investigations have
concerned the comparative abundance of flies indoors, but the
work herein discussed dealt with out-of-doors conditions. Its
principal object was to determine approximately the height
of the house fly season in Montana. Five places were selected
representing a variety of conditions and at each a single Hodge
trap was placed out-of-doors. Two traps were placed at resi-
dences, at one of which there was a privy, at the other a
stable ; the third was placed in the rear of a meat and fish
market ; the fourth, in the rear of a general provision store,
and the fifth near an old garbage hole in the rear of the labora-
tory. The traps were placed in exactly the same spot each
day. Collections were made on five days of each week (ex-
cept Saturday and Sunday) at eight o'clock in the morning.
New traps were immediately substituted and the pans rebaited
(with fresh beer). At the laboratory the flies were killed with
ether and the number of each species recorded for each place
of setting. A record was also kept of the noon temperature*
and daily weather conditions. The weather records were
found to be of no apparent significance.

The results of the experiment are given in the accompany-
ing table, which shows that the house fly reached its greatest
abundance (height of fly season) during the first three weeks
in August and was present in abundance during the whole
month.! It is interesting to note that the height of the house

*During the first week temperature records were taken at three in
the afternoon which doubtless accounts for the fact that the average
period temperature was higher for the first week than for the second
as shown in the table.

fThe decrease in the record for the second week in August was due
to the fact that during the collecting period of that week, a pile of lum-
ber was placed where the trap was usually set in the rear of the meat
market. The results were materially affected because this was the
point where most of the flies were captured. The record for this week
(2266) shows a decrease of 8265 Musca domcstica from the number
captured at this place during the first week in August and a decrease of
9680 from the number captured the third week. A record correspond-
ing to those of the first and third weeks would have brought the total
for the second week well above 20.000.

280

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[June, '17

fly season followed the period of highest average temperature
the last week of July and was initiated by an abrupt increase
in house flies the first week of August and ended with an
abrupt decrease during the fourth week. In September tem-
perature naturally decreases and is attended by a correspond-
ing decrease in the numbers of adult flies. It is a common idea

TABLE SHOWING CATCH OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF FLIES BY WEEKLY PEKIODS,
AND AVERAGE PERIOD TEMPERATURES.

01

<*}

n

•a

U

3

5

•a
u

S

tes of Collecting Perio

erage Period Tempera

isca domestica

'na stabulans

'na assimilis

'a sericata

'a caesar

'a sylvarum

ormia terraenovae

ormia regina

lliphora erythrocepha
coloradensis
latifrons

nnia scalaris
" canicularis
" J/.

Ayra leucostoma

thomyidae undetermir

vinia communis

w/M«a peniculata

•cophaga haemorrhoi

J

8
1

!

".ttcheria cimbicis

acampta latiuscula

te;r tarsalis*

y

%

!*•*

C!

^

•"~

n
Q

>
<

S

1

§

a

$

-5

*

*

<3

S

£

8

>3

ft)

$

%

3

*

si
^

a

July
7-10

84.0°

2941

1174

10

763

28

10

19

46

57

563

2

....

10

...

1

2

—

July
13-17

80.8°

6276

926

6

229

44

2

5

38

31

488

4

1

2

4

1

1

—

July
20-24

86.0°

4892

315

....

36

13

15

4

109

2

O

1

3

1

—

July
27-31

91.8°

8979

331

1

115

4

2

....

21

11

108

4

1

4

i

Aug.
3-7

88.6°

20783

284

5

200

13

....

1

42

6

482

3

....

2

6

....

1

....

1

i

Aug.
10-14

82.6°

12088

147

5

31

1

24

5

189

3

1

1

Aug.

75 0°

19425

• 139

2

57

1

•>1

8

241

1

4

1

i

17-21

Aug.

24-28

70.0°

12861

157

5

25

37

1

114

2

2

13

....

3

1

6

Totals 88245!3473 34

1456 103

15

25

244

123

2294

18

5

36

14

5

7

1

5

9

in Montana that flies are most abundant in houses during Sep-
tember, though their number out-of-doors is materially less.
Observations have also indicated that other species besides
the house fly are more numerous in houses at this time. This
is probably because a greater proportion of flies are impelled

* Determined by J. R. Parker.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 28l

to seek the warmth inside houses and to remain there for com-
paratively longer periods than earlier in the season. From
this time on flies become fewer and fewer, though they are
frequently seen in houses during warm spells as late as De-
cember. Observations made in a greenhouse at Bozeman dur-
ing the winter of 1916 and 1917 indicate that the winter is
sometimes passed by continuous breeding in warm places af-
fording suitable conditions. It is probable that the flies also
winter over in the pupal state. At Miles City (altitude 2200
ft.) house flies begin to be numerous early in May, later in
cities in higher altitudes.

The house fly constituted 91.80 per cent, of the total catch
(96,122). The numbers of each of the other species captured
and the percentage of the total catch were as follows : Mus-
cina stabtdans (Fallen), 3473 (3.61); M. assimilis (Fallen),
34 (.03) ; Lit cilia sericata (Meigen), 1456 (1.51) ; L. cacsar
Linnaeus, 103 (.09) ; L. sylvarum (Meigen), 15 (.025) ; Phor-
mia terracnovae (Desvoidy), 25 (.03) ; P. rcgina (Meigen), 244
(.25) ; Calliphora, including erythrocephala (Meigen), color-
adensis Hough and latifrons Hough, 123 (.13) ; Fannia, in-
cluding scalaris (Fabricius), canicularis (Linnaeus) and an
undetermined species, 2294 (2.38) ; Ophyra leucostoma Wied-
emann, 18 (.02) ; undetermined Anthomyidae, 5 (.005) ;
Raz'inia c omniums R. Parker, 36 (.04) ; R. peniculata R. Par-
ker, 14 (.015) ; Sarcophaga hactnorrhoidalis (Fallen), 5
(.005) ; 5. coulcyi R. Parker, 7 (.008) ; Bocttchcria chubicis
(Townsend), i (.001). Anacauipta latinsciila, 5 (.005) ; Cule.v
tarsalis Coquillett, 9 (.01). Species of Borboridae and of
Scatopse were very numerous, but of course no record of them
could be secured by means of Hodge traps.

The above data indicated the great predominance of house
flies during the summer months, even under out-door condi-
tions. Their comparative abundance may be expected to be
even greater under less rural conditions. The abundance of
species of Fannia, particularly scalaris, and of the blow flics
would likely be less in towns having adequate systems for the

282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

care and disposal of garbage. Insanitary privies also permitted
the breeding of Fannia scalaris and other coprophagous flies in
much greater number than would have been the case if privies
had been fly-proof. The species of Sarcophagidac, which
were more numerous than the data indicate, are also far more
numerous under rural and semi-rural conditions. It will be
seen from the table that Muscina stabitlans was second in
abundance and showed a continual decrease during the sum-
mer months. In the spring it is frequently more commonly
seen in houses than Musca domestica. The species of Liicilia,
Calliphora and Fannia also show a decrease in numbers during
the period of the experiment, though all show some increase
early in August. Phormia regina remained about constant.
It is uncertain just how accurate an index of the comparative
abundance of the various species is afforded by the data pre-
sented. The beer used for bait was doubtless more attrac-
tive to some species than to others.

As noted at Powderville, Montana, during the season of
1916, blow flies were most abundant during the spring. Phor-
mia tcrraenovac and a species of Cynomyia, probably elongata
Hough, were predominant during the spring months and were
followed by species of Calliphora. Phormia regina and Cal-
liphora coloradcnsis were the more common species in July
and August. A knowledge of the seasonal occurrence of the
blow flies is likely to be of some value in connection with the
blowing of wool at lambing time though at present the species
of these flies responsible for this trouble in Montana are not
known.

Change of Address.

Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke, of the Entomological Department of the
College of Agriculture of the University of California, will exchange
positions temporarily with Dr. J. C. Bradley, of Cornell University.
Dr. Van Dyke will leave Berkeley on June i, 1917, and his address
from June 18, 1917, to February i, 1918, will be Department of En-
tomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXVIII.

Plate XX.

NOTONECTA UN DULATA.— HUNGERFORD.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, 1917.

The National Defense Against and By Insects.
Following out the plan of co-operation proposed by the Na-
tional Bureau of Entomology to State, Station and other Ento-
mologists, as outlined in Dr. L. O. Howard's letter published
in the NEWS for May, (page 229), the Federal Bureau has is-
sued Number i of its reports of the "Emergency Entomologi-
cal Service," dated May I, 1917, in mimeographed form. It
states that

Very gratifying replies have been received to the various letters
which recently have been addressed to entomologists throughout the
country regarding the great importance of reducing as far as possible,
to meet the present emergency, the losses which are caused by insect
attack on the staple crops of the country. Sympathetic and hearty
co-operation has been promised by all entomologists of the country.
. . . . It is especially important that during May and June any
indications of insect outbreaks be reported promptly by entomologists
on account of their bearing on subsequent injury.

Suggestions and reports from twenty State and Station En-
tomologists from New York to Florida and west to Montana
and California are included in this report, along with those
emanating from the Federal Bureau, from which we make
some quotations :

The Hessian Fly situation throughout the main wheat belt at the

present time appears to be reassuring Considerable infestation

still exists throughout the southern part of Illinois and Indiana, in
Missouri, northern Oklahoma and eastern Kansas, but the situation
can not be considered acute .... in some of the central counties
of Kansas the loss from the Hessian fly this year will be very heavy.

An extensive flight of May beetles .... is expected to occur
during the month of May throughout the northern portions of the
United States. The focus of this flight appears to be the State of

Michigan This means a great infestation of grubs during the

summer and early fall of 1918.

It is very probable that heavy losses from [the chinch lmg"| may
occur during the coming season in the middle west.

The corn leaf aphis is more than usually abundant in the South-
western States at present.

Mr. R. S. Woglum reports that there is prospect of greater damage
than usual from the principal citrus scale insects in Southern Cali-
fornia. Many scale infested orchards were not fumigated last season,
owing to the lack of cyanide, which continues.

Mealy bug damage in California is apparently on the increase.

The high cost of materials entering into the composition of insecti-

283

284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ' IJ

cides has caused a marked increase in price of certain largely used
articles, such as Paris green, arsenate of lead, etc., and may operate
against the desired more general utilization of these materials in the
protection of crops from insects. An important saving can usually be
effected in the consolidation of orders for insecticides for a given
neighborhood, or their purchase through fruit-growers' associations,
or other co-operative buying organizations. The importance of this
saving is realized when it is remembered that the difference in cost
of certain insecticides, as arsenate of lead, in small packages at retail
stores over its cost in larger quantities from manufacturers or jobbers,
is often ioo per cent. [Suggestions for cheaper arsenicals are given.]

We may logically fear that we shall have considerable trouble with
grasshoppers, blister beetles and crickets during the coming year [in
South Dakota.]

The codling moth and the peach curculio show indications of ex-
tensive injury [in Texas].

Circulars are being sent direct to bee-keepers in the chief producing
regions urging them to increase production by increasing the number
of colonies in so far as it can be done without decreasing the crop,

but especially by manipulating their bees in the best manner

In parts of the Northwest, winter losses were excessive and arrange-
ments are being made to have bees sent from the south to replace the
loss, since prospects for a crop are poor in parts of the southwest.
Crop prospects are good in most of the northern states.

Dr. Felt writes us that Dr. Vaughan, Chairman of the Medi-
cal Committee of the National Research Council, has reported
in favor of an expert entomologist being attached to every
army camp and the above quoted report states that the Federal
Bureau has

prepared the manuscript of a brief popular bulletin on insects which
are of importance in military operations which will be printed in a
short time. The Chief of the Bureau has been conferring with the
General Medical Board of the Council of National Defense concern-
ing the organization and utilization of the medical entomologists of
the country.

The Bureau hopes to send out this series of reports at
least monthly through the summer and autumn.

Notes and Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL, GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

A New Biological Journal.

Beginning May 15th, Psychobiology will appear every second month
and will include in the yearly volume approximately 600 pages.
Its pages will be devoted primarily to research which lies in the field
common to psychology and the several biological sciences, or which
has a distinct bearing on the biological foundations of psychology. No

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 285

formal limit of length has been imposed on contributors, but short ar-
ticles will be preferred, and unnecessary length will be considered a
bar to publication.

While the function of the journal will be primarily to promote the
speedy publication of research, discussions of important points may be
admitted at the discretion of the editors, such discussions being limited
in any case to two pages.

Books will not be reviewed but brief notices may be given of books
which are deemed sufficiently important. Each book sent for notice
should be accompanied by a concise statement of its purposes and con-
tents.

Manuscript submitted for publication should be addressed to Pro-
fessor Knight Dunlap, The Johns Hopkins University, Homewood,
Baltimore, Md., or may be submitted through one of the Associate
Editors : John J. Abel, Johns Hopkins Medical School ; Walter B. Can-
non, Harvard Medical School; Raymond Dodge, Wesleyan University;
Shepherd I. Franz, Government Hospital for the Insane; Herbert S-
Jennings, Johns Hopkins University, and George H. Parker, Harvard
University. — KNIGHT DUNLAP.

The Generic Bugbear.

Those who refrain from subdividing large genera, on the ground that
they are facilitating the remembrance of names, are likely to exaggerate
the importance of their services. Such persons do not convince me of
anything, except that they have never really learned enough names to
be able to tell whether many generic names hinder or help. A man can
write a monograph containing one hundred species to the genus with-
out being able to name all of the species offhand and without being a
judge as regards the easy remembrance of names.

The idea that few generic names facilitate remembering is not a
fact, and, even if it were true, would be worthless in practical applica-
tion. You can remember one generic name better than a dozen, but
you can not remember one hundred names in one genus as easily as
you can one hundred names in a dozen genera. A biologist who is
working with a number of species where he has to identify and write
the names frequently can remember them more easily than the names
of persons. The generic name does not increase the difficulty of re-
membering the name of a species any more than the surname increases
the difficulty in remembering the name of a man. If every one hun-
dred of your acquaintances had the same surname, do you think you
could remember their names more easily?

Suppose you start out to familiarize yourself with the flowers of
your neighborhood and their insect visitors. If it is like the neighbor-
hood of Carlinville, you will have to learn a generic name for every 1.7
species. Or suppose you undertake to write offhand the names of the

286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, ' \J

insects of New Jersey. You will have to learn a generic name for
every 2.6 species. The lumpers will have to strain themselves to make
the average 2 at Carlinville and 3 in New Jersey. The trouble with
the taxonomists who object to genera is that they have adopted the
wrong study. They ought to take up some subject where many names
are not required. If they distinguish groups which they will not desig-
nate with single words, their generic determinations are probably
erroneous, and some one else ought to follow them up and name their
groups for them, just as Latreille did for Kirby. — -CHARLES ROBERT-
SON, Carlinville, Illinois.

ED rito mo logical Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy -Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 6 — Journal, New York Ento-
mological Society. 13 — Comptes Rendus, Societe de Biologic,
Paris. 50 — Proceedings, U. S. National Museum. 79 — La Nature,
Paris. 87 — Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 177
—Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London. 179 — Jour-
nal of Economic Entomology. 189 — Journal of Entomology and
Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 195 — Bulletin, Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology, Cambridge. 304 — Annals, Carnegie Museum. 324 —
Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge. 410 — Journal, Washing-
ton Academy of Sciences. 411 — Bulletin, The Brooklyn Entomo-
logical Society. 420 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstrutis: A monthly
journal of entomology, Washington. 529 — Journal of Zoological
Research, London. 538 — Lorquinia, Los Angeles. 540 — The Lepi-
dopterist, Official Bulletin, Boston Entomological Club.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Needham, J. G.— The insect drift of
lake shores, 4, 1917, 129-37.

MEDICAL. Howard, L. O.— The carriage of disease by insects,
410, vii, 217-22.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Moles, M. L.— Another record of a small

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 287

whip scorpion in California, 189, ix, 1-7. Nisbet, J.— Solpugids
from the Claremont-Laguna region, 189, ix, 22-29.

Chamberlin, R. V. — New spiders of the family Aviculariidae
[many new], 195, Ixi, 25-75.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Bagnall, R. S.— On a collection of
Thysanoptera from St. Vincent, with descriptions of 4 n. sps., 529,
ii, 21-27. Walker, E. M. — Some dragonflies from Prince Edward
Island, 4, 1917, 117-19.

ORTHOPTERA. Bugnion, E.— L'accroissement des antennes
et des cerques de la blatte (Blatta americana), 13, Ixxx, 317-24.
Caudell, A. N. — Some interesting O. from Mexico, 420, v, 28-9.
Fox, H.— Field notes on Virginia O., 50, lii, 199-234. Merle, R.—
Le cyphocrane geant, Etudes biologiques de M. Foucher, 79, 1917,
113-117.

HEMIPTERA. Davis, W. T.— Two new Cicadas from Lower
California, Mexico, 6, xxv, G-10. Hempel, A. — Catalogos da fauna
Brazileira III. As coccidas do Brazil, 75 pp. (Ed. Museu Pau-
lista, Brazil). Hungerford, H. B. — Food habits of corixids, 6, xxv,
1-5. Oslen, C. E. — Concerning Gerris remigis, 411, xii, 21. Smith,
H. S. — On the life history and successful introduction into the
U. S. of the Sicilian mealy-bug parasite, 179, x, 262-68. Weiss,
H. B. — The status of Lecanium corni in New Jersey, 4, 1917,
119-20.

Davidson, W. M. — Little known western plant lice, II. [2 new],
179, x, 290-97. de la Torre Bueno, J. R. — A n. sp. of tingid from
New York, 411, xii, 19-20.

LEPIDOPTERA. Dyar, H. G.— A note on Cisthene; The
Barnes & McDunnough "List," 420, v, 8-10; 41-4. Eastman, W. F.—
What is Al quality? 540, i, .°><». Forbes, W. T. M.— The genera of
Hydriomeninae of the U. S., 6, xxv, 44-67. Heinrich, C. — Generic
description of larva of Anegcephalesis, 420, v, 4S-50. Knetzger, A.
— Entomological notes: a strange case of pupation; a peculiar case
of oviposition, 540, i, 38. Mabille & Boullet — Description d'hespe-
rides nouveaux, 87, 1917, 97-101. Malcolm, G. — Variation in lepi-
doptera, 538, i, 70. Rau, P. — The courtship of Pieris protodice,
324, vii, 143-4.

Bird, H. — New sps. and histories in Papaipema, No. 19 \2 new],
4, 1917, 121-28. Dyar, H. G. — Three new No. American Phycitinae;
A new Phycitid from the Bahamas; A new Noctuid from Brazil,
420, v, 45-6; 46-7; 50-1.

DIPTERA. Dyar & Knab— Bromelicolous Anopheles, 420, v,

288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [June, '17

38-40. Malloch, J. R. — Predaceous habit in Madeterus and Psilopa,
411, xii, 13-14.

Cole, F. R. — Notes on Osten Sacken's group "Poecilanthrax"
with descriptions of n. sps. [5 new], 6, xxv, 67-80. Dyar, H. G. —
The mosquitoes of the mountains of California [l new], 420, v,
11-21. Howard, Dyar & Knab — The mosquitoes of North and
Central America and the West Indies. IV. Systematic description,
Pt. II. (Carnegie Institution of Washington. Pub. No. 159, Vol.
IV, 525-1064.) Johnson, C. W. — A new maritime anthomyid, 4,
1917, 148. Townsend, C. H. T.— A synoptic revision of the Cutere-
bridae, with synonymic notes and the description of one n. sp.,
420, v, 23-28.

COLEOPTERA. Angell, J. W.— Notes on Lucanidae, 411, xii,
22. Chittenden, F. H.— The two-banded fungus beetle, 179, x,
282-87. Hayes, W. P. — Studies on the life-history of Ligyrus gib-
bosus, 179, x, 253-61. Hyslop, J. A. — Notes on an introduced wee-
vil (Ceutorhynchus marginatus), 179, x, 278-82. Leng, C. W.—
Cardiola obscura on Staten Island, 6, xxv, 80-1. Nicolay, A. S.—
Synopsis of the Anthophilax of No. America, 6, xxv, 38-44. Wil-
liams, F. X. — Notes on the life-history of some No. American
Lampyridae, 6, xxv, 11-33.

Blatchley, W. S. — On some new of noteworthy C. from the west
coast of Florida [6 new], 4, 1917, 137-43. Fall, H. C.— The eleventh
Pleocoma, 41, xii, 15-16. Leng, C. W. — A new variety of Scaphi-
notus, 6, xxv, 34-6. Synops'S of the species of Arthromacra [2
new], 411, xii, 16-19. Van Dyke, E. C.— A new sp. of the genus
Anthophilax, 6, xxv, 36-7.

HYMENOPTERA. Busck, A.— Notes on Perisierola emigrata,
a parasite of the pink boll worm, 420, v, 3-5. Cockerell, T. D. A.—
Some euglossine bees, 4, 1917, 144-6. Ducke, A. — As Chrysididas
do Brazil (C'atalogos da fauna Brazileira), iv, 31 pp. Gatenby,
J. B. — The embryonic development of Trichogramma evanescens,
monembryonic egg parasite of Donacia simplex, 177, Ixii, 149-188.
Holland & Rohmer — List of the H. collected on the Isle of Pines
by G. A. Link, 1912-13, and contained in the Carnegie Museum,
304, xi, 291-96. Muir, F. — On the synonymy of Delphax maidis, 4,
1917, 147. Sladen, F. W. L.— Collecting wasps and bees, 4, 1917,
113-17.

Girault, A. A. — The occurrence of the genus Parachrysocharis
in the U. S. fl new], 4, 1917, 129. Notes on chalcid flies, chiefly
from California [7 new], 189, ix, 8-12. The No. American species
of Euchrysia females [l new], 411, xii, 14-15. A chalcid parasite of
the pink boll worm [l new], 420, v, 5-6. Rohwer, S. A. — Two
bethylid parasites1 of the pink boll worm [l new], 420, v, 1-3.

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ENT. NKWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate XXI

16

PENES, LEGION PROTONEURA (ZYGOPTERA, ODONATA). -KENNEDY.

JUL

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWSW.

AND
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXVIII. JULY, 1917. No. 7.

CONTENTS:

Kennedy— Notes on the Penes of Zy-
goptera ( Odonata ) No. 3 289

de la Torre Bueno — Life History and
Habits of the Margined Water Stri-
der, Gerris marginatus Say (Hem.,
Het.) 295

Robertson — Feeding Habits of Adult
Chrysopidae ( Neur. ) 301

Cockerell — Some Bees of the Genus
Psaenythia ( Hym. ) 302

Physiographic Divisions of the United
States 303

Photogenic Organs of Photuris

pennsylvanica DeGeer ( Col. ) 304

Howard — An active Ant-Killer( Arach.,

Solpugid.) 310

Hebard — Notes on the Earwigs (Der-
maptera) of North America north

of the Mexican Boundary 311

Johannsen — Some North American An-

thomyiidae ( Dipt. ) 323

Skinner — New Species of Lepidoptera 328

Editorial — Insects and War 330

Entomological Literature 332

Hess— Origin and Development of the I Obituary Notes 335

Notes on the Penes of Zygoptera (Odonata).

No. 3. The Penes in Neoneura and Related Genera.
By CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, Cornell University,

Ithaca, New York.

(Plates XXI-XXIII.)

In the first* of this series of articles was shown a series ot
penes in the genus Acanthagrion, whose divergent characters
showed but little generic cohesion, a series with such abrupt
changes in form from species to species that their characters
could not be used in denning generic limits though they were
exceptionally valuable in differentiating species.

In the second paperf was shown a series of penes in the
Hawaiian genus Mcgalagrion, in which, though the genus in-
cluded forms of diverse venation, size and body structure,
the penes ran so close to each other in structure that the en-
tire series of over twenty could not be divided into groups and

* Ent. News, xxvii, pp. 325-330, pi. XVIII, July, 1916.
t Ibid, xxviii, pp. 9-14, pis. II, III, Jan., 1917.

289

2QO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'l/

the penis could not be used as a specific character because of
the lack of sufficient specific differences.

The present paper deals with a third condition, one that
can be said to be intermediate between the preceding. It
deals with a group in which the penis is a good generic as
well as a good specific differential. As in the second paper,
this group was chosen because of its immediate availability
through Mr. Williamson's review of the genus Neoneura ana
his recent work on related genera.* It is offered as a sup-
plement to his delimitation of genera and species in this
Legion.

As in venation, the penis in the Legion Protoneura is re-
duced to a comparatively simple form, though it is not as re-
duced as in the Legion Lestes. Notwithstanding this reduc-
tion, ample variety of form yet occurs for the distinction of
genera and species. By referring to the description and text-
figure in my first article (loc. cit.) it will be seen that the penis
in this group approaches nearly to this simple, generalized
form. In most genera of the Legion Protoneura the terminal
fold is lacking, though even this occurs in the genera Palaem-
nema and Platysticta, while it appears in a less degree in Dis-
paroneura, Caconcura and Isosticta.

In the first series of figures accompanying this article are
shown the penes (as far as I have been able to obtain them)
of the type species in the greater number of the genera now
accredited to this Legion.t With each, where possible, is
shown the penis of a second species in the same genus to
show at a glance those characters common to the two (generic
characters) and those characters peculiar to the individual
(specific characters). In the second series of figures are
shown the penes of the species of the genus Neoneura.

*Notes on Neotropical Dragonflies or Odonata, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., Vol. 48. May 12, 1915, pp. 616-636. A new Dragonfly genus of
the Legion Protoneura. Ent. News, Vol. xxvii, pp. 30-33, Jan., 1916.
The genus Neoneura. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xliii, pp. 2ii-J4<>. i>K.
ix-xix, 1917.

fl am indebted to Mr. Philip Munz, who is working out the vena-
tional problems in the Zygoptera, for his list of these genera.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

In a review of the penes in the first series one can readily
see that good generic as well as specific characters exist, a
condition different from that which was found in Acanthagrion
on the one hand and equally different from the opposite con-
dition found in the penes of the Hawaiian Zygoptera. Also
the penes in this group show certain characters in common
which might induce one, not familiar with the penes of the
other Zygoptera, to attempt a definition for the group. Un-
fortunately many parallelisms occur in the form of this organ
in the various genera, so that in using the characters of the
penis to untangle classification the form of the penis has
always to be considered in conjunction with any and all
other available characters.

Among the startling parallelisms is the resemblance be-
tween the penes of Palaemnema and Bayadera the latter of
which is in the Agrionidae, [Calopterygidae] another family
of the Zygoptera. Certain species in Disparoneura (not figur-
ed in this series) have penes almost identical with that ot
Amphipteryx and nearly every one of the other generic forms
can be paralleled in the Legion Coenagrion. The forms il-
lustrated here are given merely to show a series in which
the penis can be used to aid in the definition of genera. In
this series, however, the penes show two or possibly three
lines of evolution, which on a more complete study of the
genera involved may show groupings within the Legion. Mr.
Williamson has even suggested that this Legion may be an
unnatural group, being merely the association of those forms
of reduced venation, which have developed independently in
various other Legions. The evidence for and against this will
be given in a later paper after a more thorough study of
this group has been made.

The following notes point out what may be considered
generic characters in the genera illustrated.*

Palaemnema paulina Drury, figs. 1-2, genotype. Both soft folds
present. Segment 3 two-lobed, the tips flattened into incurved hooks.

* The arrangement of genera used by Kirby, Cat. Odonata, London,
1890, has been followed.

2Q2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ' IJ

Platysticta maculata Selys, figs. 5-6, genotype. Similar to Palaem-
nema, but the tips of the lobes of segment 3 not widened and flattened.

Disparoncura glanca Burm., figs. 9-10, genotype. Both soft folds
present, the terminal fold short. Segment 3 four-lobed, the basal
lobes spine-like.

Caconeura dorsalis Selys, figs. 13-14, genotype. Both soft folds
present, the terminal fold short. Segment 3 four-lobed, the basal
lobes long and flat.

Nososticta solida Selys, fig. 17, genotype. No terminal fold. Seg-
ment 3 four-lobed, the basal lobes narrow, perpendicular to the seg-
ment.

Isosticta simplex Martin, figs. 18-19. Both folds present, the ter-
minal fold short. Segment 3 with two terminal lobes whose apices
are chitinized and turned dorsad.

Neosticta cancsccns Tillyard, figs. 20-21, genotype. Segment 2
broader than segment 3, otherwise as in Isosticta.

Idioneura ancilla Selys, figs. 22-23, genotype. No terminal fold.
Third segment simple, tips rounded. The internal fold reduced to a
soft spine.

Microncura caligata Selys, figs. 24-25, genotype. No terminal fold.
Segment 3 entire, in cross section deeply V-shaped.

Protoncura capillaris Ramb., fig. 26, genotype. Similar to penis in
Microneura, but segment 3 with lateral apical lobes projecting caudad.

Epipleoneura lamina Williamson, fig. 29, genotype. Terminal fold
bilobed, segment 3 with an apical notch.

Phasmoncura olmyra Williamson, figs. 32-33, genotype. Similar to the
penis in Microneura, but segment 3 with an apical notch.

Psaironeura remissa Calvert, figs. 34-35, genotype. No terminal fold.
Segment 3 divided apically into two attenuate lobes.

Epipotoneura nehalennia Williamson, fig. 38, genotype. No terminal
lobe. Segment 3 with a square tip apparently folded back. (This was
so minute I was not certain of the exact form of segment 3.)

Sclysioncura cervicornu Forster, figs. 39-40, genotype. Terminal fold
very short or wanting. Segment 3 trilobed.

Neoneura bilincaris Selys, figs. 43-44, genotype. Similar to Proto-
neura, but the lateral apical lobes pointing cephalad.

The second series of illustrations deals with the species in the genus
Neoneura. In this genus the inner edges of the anterior lobes turn in.
In Neoneura rubriventris, figs. 69-71, the apical lobes are reduced to
mere rudiments. In Neoneura mariana, figs. 63-64, the terminal lobes
are best developed. Usually they are pointed, but in sylvatica they
have rounded tips. It is not necessary to go info detail concerning
these as the illustrations show how a single type can appear variously
modified in a series of congeneric species.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate XXIII.

31

35

44

46

PENES OF NEONEURA (ZYGOPTERA, ODONATA). -KENNEDY.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 293

In conclusion, while the penis in certain groups of Zygop-
tera has little value as a generic character, and in other groups
has little value as a specific character, in this particular group
of the Legion Protoneura it is of considerable assistance in
defining both genera and species. As was stated at the be-
ginning of this article, only a monographic study of the penis
throughout the entire sub-order of Zygoptera can show what
value to place on the penis in any group as a systematic help.
In all the work this character appears to be suggestive rather
than positive and final.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES XXI-XXIII.

Drawings of penes in the Legion Protoneura, being lateral and ven-
tral views of the last two segments.

Figs. 1-2, Palacmncma pa it Una Drury, genotype. El Fiscal, Guat.,
June 6, 1909, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 3-4, Palaemnema angclina Selys; Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Mex.
May, H. H. S., in coll. Calvert.

Figs. 5-6, Platysticta maculata Selys, genotype; Ceylon, in coll.
Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 7-8, Platysticta tropica Selys; Ceylon, in coll. Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 9-10, Disparoneura glauca Burm., genotype; Cap[e] in coll.
Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 11-12, Disparoneura westermanni Selys; Nilgiris, in M. C. Z.

Figs. 13-14, Caconeura dorsalis Selys, genotype; Lohabu, N. Borneo,
in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 15-16, Caconeura insignis Selys; Java, Tilg., in coll. Williamson.

Fig. 17, Nososticta solida Selys, genotype; Queensland, in coll. Wil-
liamson.

Figs. 18-19, Isosticta simplex Martin; Sydney, N. S. W., coll. by
Tillyard, in coll. Kahl.

Figs. 20-21, Neosticta canesccns Tillyd., genotype. Tabalam, N. S.
W., cotype, in coll. Kahl.

Figs. 22-23, Idioneum ancilla Selys, genotype; Brazil, Winthem, in
coll. Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 24-25, Microneura caligata Selys, genotype; Cuba, 1864, in C°H-
Hagen, M. C. Z.

Fig. 26, Protoneura capillaris Ramb., genotype; Portland, Jamaica, in
coll. Calvert.

Figs. 27-28, Protoneura cak'crti Williamson; Tumatumari, Brit. Gui-
ana, in coll. Calvert.

Fig. 29, Epipleoncura lamina Williamson, genotype; Wismar, Brit.
Guiana, in coll. Williamson.

294 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

Figs. 30-31, Epipleoneura fuscaenea Williamson; Wismar, Brit. Gui-
ana, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 32-33, Phasmoneura olniyra Williamson, genotype; Rockstone,
Brit. Guiana, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 34-35, Psaironcura rcmissa (Calvert), genotype; Puerto Bar-
rios (?), Guat., in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 36-37, Psaironcura cerasina Williamson; Wismar, Brit. Guiana,
in coll. Williamson. Type.

Fig. 38, Epipotoncura nchalennia Williamson, genotype; Potaro
Landing, Brit. Guiana, in coll. Williamson. Type.

Figs. 39-40, Selysioneura cervicornu Forster, genotype; Gegagalu on
Sattelberg, New Guinea, Carl Wahnes, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 41-42, Selysioneura ccnicornu Forster; Sattelberg, Carl W.,
in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 43-44, Neoneura bilincaris Selys, genotype; Wismar, Brit. Gui-
ana, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 45-46, Neoneura carnatica Selys; Cuba, Poey, 1864, in coll.
Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 47-48, Neoneura aaroni Calvert; Texas, in coll. Williamson.
Figs. 48-49, Neoneura amelia Calvert ; Rio Liberia, Liberia, Costa
Rica, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 51-52, Neoneura denticulata Williamson, Iquitos, Peru, in coll.
M. C. Z.

Figs. 53-54, Neoneura esthera Williamson; Diego-Martin Riv., Trin-
idad, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 55-56, Neoneura cthela Williamson; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
in coll. Calvert (det. P. P. C. Ann. Car. Mus. VI, p. 212 as rubri-
ventris).

Figs. 57-58, Neoneura fulvicollis Selys; Rio Cuyaba, Brazil (det.
Calvert, Ann. Car. Mus. VI, p. 212), in coll. Carnegie Mus., Pittsburgh.
Figs. 59-60, Neoneura joana Williamson, Rockstone, Brit. Guiana, in
coll. Williamson.

Figs. 61-62, Neoneura maria Scudd.; Cuba. Ch. Wright in coll.
M. C. Z.

Figs. 63-64, Neoneura mariana Williamson ; Tumatumari, Brit. Gui-
ana, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 65-66, Neoneura myrthca Williamson; Wismar, Brit. Guiana,
in coll, Williamson.

Figs. 67-68, Neoneura paya Calvert; del Norte, Guat., in coll. Wil-
liamson.

Figs. 69-71, Neoneura rubrivcnlris Selys; Tumatumari, Brit. Guiana.
in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 72-73, Neoneura sylratica Selys; Cachoeira, Brazil, in coll.
Carnegie Mus.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXVIII.

Plate XXII.

68

PENES, LEGION PROTONEURA (ZYGOPTERA ODONATA). -KENNEDY.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 2Q5

Life History and Habits of the Margined Water
Strider, Gerris marginatus Say (Hem., Het.).

By J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, White Plains, New York.

This species, Gerris marginatus, Say 1832, lacustris Kirby
1837 (sec. Van Duzee, Ch. L.), is the common smaller Gerris
spread over all the United States, a familiar form on ponds
and in the bays of lakes. It has been recorded in Canada from
British Columbia to Quebec, and in the United States from
Oregon and California to Georgia and Texas, but twenty-
three States are still to be heard from, including the greater
part of the Mississippi Basin.

Gerris marginatus belongs in the subgenus Gerris sensu
strict n (—Linmotrcchus) which contains the smaller members.
This subgenus, however, presents intergrading forms with
subgenus Aquarius among the exotic species, Gerris chilensis
Berg forming the passage. The character of the first joint
of the antenna shorter than the second and third taken to-
gether, in connection with the smaller size, serves to separate
Gerris from Aquarius. Two species of the subgenus in the
Eastern States may be confused with it, namely, Gerris buenoi
Kirkaldy and Gerris canaliculatus Say. The former is small-
er in size and has more pronounced abdominal sutures to-
gether with a flavescent marginal line on the anterior prothor-
acic lobe. The second species, while it may be larger or small-
er, has a distinctly more slender form and noticeably long and
slender legs and antennae. The genital character controls ;
it is well-figured by Parshley1. Weiss2 experimented with G.
marginatus, apterous, as to orientation to water, or, using the
more technical expression, positive hydrotropism. He found
that up to 9 yards distant from a pond they immediately made
their way back : at 10 yards they began to experience difficulty ;
at 15, it increased, while at 30 or 40 yards they seemed to lose
their bearings, moved aimlessly about and after a time seemed
unable to find their way back to the water. The species is a

Ent. News xxvii: 103, fig. b. 2igi4- Can. Ent. : 33.

296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

strong flier, and I have found it in ocean beach drift in July,
on the shores of Long Island3. Gerris lacustris, so Griffini
says4, touches the water at times with the abdomen, which it
rests on the surface. I have not seen marginatus do this. He
also states that it has been observed to be attracted bv mirrors.

Gerris marginatus begins to oviposit early in the spring;
the eggs hatch out in ten days to two weeks, depending on the
temperature. After five molts it reaches the adult in from 5
to 6 weeks. Unlike its larger congener rcmigis, it is a dweller
in still waters by preference. Here at times it gathers in
large numbers. In strong winds it hugs the shore, particularly
if it blows that way. From early March to late November it
may be found busy about its domestic affairs. The height of
its abundance is between April and September. In early April
they have been noticed mating; by May 20 to 26 adults and
nymphs in one or two stages are seen together, and so through
June and July, when they are found in several stages together.
Its food is the same as that of rcmigis, except that being small-
er it is not able to overcome quite such large insects. I have
seen marginatus trying to capture Notonecta undulata which
had flown to a pond and was on the surface struggling to
submerge. The Gerris avoided reprisals by jumping up from
the surface. On the other hand, it is one of the few water-
bugs that fall a prey to frogs, and is, in fact, the only one I
have seen recorded.

Its structure is characteristic of the genus ; in fact, belong-
ing in the typical subgenus, it closely approaches the generic
and subgeneric type, Gerris lacustris Linne. In common with
this species, marginatus rejoices in the phenomenon of ptery-
gopolymorphism. Kirkaldy says5: "lacustris has provided
me with more variations — at least six — than any other species.
It is noteworthy that in the brachypterous forms, the two ab-
breviated elytra are not always equal in length and develop-

3igi5. Ent. News xxvi: 277.
4i8g4. Gli Insetti Acquaioli p. 39,

Entomologist, xxxii : No. 432: p. 109.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 29"

ment in the same specimen." Gerris niarginatus exhibits the
same gradation from apterous to macropterous, going from
one to the other by imperceptible degrees. Yet it is essentially
an alate species, since the bulk are fully winged and only a
small number totally apterous, with an indefinite proportion
of varying degrees of brachypterousness. In this it differs
from rcmigis and other species of the subgenus Aquarius,
which are in general totally apterous with a very small number
—an occasional specimen here and there — fully winged (ex-
cept conformis, always found fully winged, and alastor Bueno
MS., nearly always with rudimentary wings only). The most
complete study of pterygopolymorphism is Reuter's "Poly-
morphisme des Hemipteres6." Here he covers the entire sub-
ject and hazards explanation based on selection. In Gerris
marginatus and in general in the family, I see a gradual trans-
formation to apterousness, through disuse, as exemplified by
our rcmigis and the European najas_, the fully winged being
the primitive form, adapted to an existence on the water from
an antecedent Reduvioid land bug, whose mobility depended
on these members. The stream species, being in general safe
from the consequences of droughts, are so independent of
wings for transportation that these organs are nearlv o-one in
most of them. The species inhabiting land-locked bodies of
water must, however, always have some means of travelling
if the water on which they live dries up, as so frequently hap-
pens with small ponds or water-holes. Hence wings still nor-
mally persist in these forms.

Structure, progression, respiration, reproduction arc as
in G. rcmigis. Dufour (op. c., p. 199), states that in palmium
the digestive system is as in caiialimn, excepting the salivary
gland.

Gerris marginatus, so far as known, has no egg parasites.
Adults and nymphs are sometimes found with larval mites at-
tached as in re 111! i/is, particularly about the head and thorax.

Egg. The egg is cylindrical, truncate at one end and round-

61875. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., pp. 225/36.

298 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'l 7

ed at the other. The chorion is roughly shagreened, and
under magnification x 975, shows very shallow pits. It has
no indications of a lid or line of weakness along which to split.
Length, 3 mm. ; diameter, i mm.

The ova are clear white when first deposited, but change
to brown as development of the embryo progresses. In hatch-
ing, the nymph emerges through a longitudinal split beginning
at the truncate end and running about one-half to two-fifths
the length of the egg. Three females gave 30 ova in four days.
They were fastened a few on top of a piece of cork in the
aquarium, and most in a clear colorless glue or jelly, along the
edges of the cork and under the surface of the water. Gar-
man7 says the eggs are attached to aquatic plants. Dufour re-
marks (op. c.. p. 347) "I have kept in vessels of water with
water plants pregnant females of Gerris paludnni, and I have
assured myself they deposit their eggs one after the other,
but not in contact, in a kind of mucilaginous jelly."

After eight or nine days the little bugs emerge. On June
9, one year, I secured thirty nymphs. Some seemed to molt
right away, which I assume to be casting the amnion. In this
connection, Dufour also says (1. c.) "I have seen the larvae
born and I have sometimes found caught in the opening of
the egg a fine membrane which was doubtless the immediate
envelope of the larva, or which covered the interior of the
egg-shell."

This pellicle cast by Gerris marginatiis immediately on emerg-
ing covers the body legs and antennae, and is extremely hairy.
It is so soft it loses its shape completely, although all the joints
of antennae and legs are apparent and the tibial combs are all
visible. All the tarsi, on emerging, are I -jointed; all claws
subapical ; the antennae are very stout, the last joint as long
as the others put together, and so far as could be seen in bal-
sam mounts, apparently 3-jointed only. The lancets are also
cast with this skin.

It is an open question in my mind whether or not this may

Bull. Ills. St. Laby, N. H., iii : 172.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 299

be considered a true molt. There are no perceptible differ-
ences between this nymph and the next, either as to size or
structure, except the possible 3-jointed antennae noted. I am
inclined to consider it akin to the subimago molt of the may-
flies, rather than as a true ecdysis. This amnion, for want of
a better term, resembles that covering certain Orthoptera, ex-
cept that it is a complete pellicle. If it is a true molt margina-
tus has six. It may well be that this initial molt has gone
unnoticed in the other Heteroptera, owing to the very diaph-
anous skin being blown away as soon as cast, and, in water, be-
ing unseen through its transparency and quickly destroyed by
the mechanical action of the element.

First Instar. On emerging the nymph is about i mm. long, pointed
oval in shape. The cylindrical antennae are 2/3 the length of the body,
the first joint as long as 2 and 3 together, and 4 as long as the other
three. The head is translucent honey-yellow, quite wide between the
eyes, which are small, prominent, round and black. The rest of the in-
sect, including the legs, which are rather thick in proportion to the
size, is translucent white. There is a broad black stripe down the
middle which crosses a similar stripe on the thorax and ends in a point
at its cephalic margin. The abdominal segments are variously marked
by the same black bands around the abdomen at the connexivum. The
dorsum only is described, as it was taken from a living specimen.

The tibia of the anterior pair of legs is longer than the femur and of
the second pair as well, but in the third pair, the femur is longer. The
anterior tarsus is short and stout and the two other slender and long;
all are single-jointed, with subapical claws. All the tibiae have combs.
The rostrum is 4-jointed, stout, joints I and 2 subequal, shortest, 3
longest, 4 longer than either i or 2, tapering; no tactile hairs were
noted at the tip. The legs are set very far back, which means that the
abdomen is very short, the abdominal segments being narrow. The
thorax is about 4 to 5 times as long.

In molting the vertex and front lift off like a lid hinged at the cly-
peus, and the thorax splits straight down the middle. The lancets are
cast with rostrum, and there are no signs of tracheae in the cast skins.

The second true molt takes place in 3 to 5 days.

Second Instar. The antennae in this instar have joint 4 shorter than
the other three together, 2 and 3 being subequal, and i twice as Ion'*
as either. The first pair of legs continues the shortest, the second is
the longest; the middle femur and tibia are subequal, in the other two,
the tibia is longer than the femur. The thorax is two and a half times

3OO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

as long as the abdomen, which has 7 and one genital segments. The
prothorax is distinct.

Varying from 3 to 5 days, the bug molts for the second time.

Third Instar. The antennae continue to change. The 4th joint is
still the longest, 3 the shortest, followed by 2 and I in the order given.
The eyes are reniform. In the legs, the femora are longer than tht
tibiae in the ist and 3rd pairs, and subequal in the second. The abdo-
men is longer and the legs appear set less far back. In other respects
there are no perceptible changes.

The third molt follows the second in 3 to 6 days.

Fourth Instar. In this instar the antennae continue to change, and
the differences in length are not so great; joint 4 is still the longest,
but 2 and 3 are subequal and the shortest, I being not greatly shorter
than 4. The femur and tibia of the anterior legs are subequal; and
the femur is longer in the 2d and 3d pairs. The hind femora have dark
spots from which arise long setae. The abdomen has further increased
in length, the segments being wider and more distinct. Joint 3 of the
rostrum is the longest, 2 is the shortest and 4 is as before, and nearly
equal to i. All tibiae have combs and all claws are simple.

The fifth instar is reached in 3 to 5 days.

Fifth Instar. In this instar the form and general appearance of the
nymph begin to approach more closely to the adult. The head is rounded
and set with long setae, the eyes are reniform. In the antennae joints
I and 4 are subequal, and longer than 2 and 3, which are also subequal.
The chief antennal difference is at the base of the third antennal joint
which has a pedicellate appearance. The rostrum is the same as before,
except that the 3d joint is much longer in proportion. The prothorax
is differentiated and the mesothorax distinct, with a minute scutellum.
The wing-pads are notable and reach half-way to the 4th abdominal
segment. The legs are as before, with thicker femora than tibiae. The
second and third femora have the dark setigerous spots, and the third
in addition is set with spines. The middle tarsi are much elongate, and
all the tarsi continue single-jointed. Abdominal segments are very dis-
tinct and the two genital segments very prominent. In the cast skin
two long slit-like spiracles are seen in the mesothorax in front of the
intermediate coxae.

In five to seven days the little bug molts for the fifth and last time,
and reaches the adult. The chief changes in structure in the external
skeleton are the two-jointed tarsi, the node at the base of the third
joint of the antennae, the much larger eyes in comparison to the head
and the prothorax and mesothorax fused together.

The entire internal anatomy of Gerris marginatus is still to be
worked out, and the external organs of respiration as well.

Vol. xxviii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

3OI

These are the detailed instars and molts of the specimens it
was possible to breed to maturity. It is to be noted that these
transformations represent an extreme as all conditions were
favorable. There was the warmth of summer and an abun-
dance of food, even though it changed not at all from day to
day.

GKKRIS MAKGINATUS— Lira HISTORY.

Ova
Deposited

Embryo
Period

Emerged
Date

rt
en *-"

c ,_ ,
2

a
o1"1

1"

£""

1"

|£

1"

!>

I"

No. 1

?

?

June 29-07

8 days

July 7

3 days

July 10

4 days

July 11

3 days

July 17

f> days

July

X'.. 2

71 (

1 1 O

No. 3

S "

3 "

" 10

G "

16

" 20

i June 1-08

8 days

June 9

t

" 16

4 "

" 20

3 "

" 23

1 it

" 27

6

**

No. 4

'June 1-08

8 "

"

7 "

"

5 "

" 21

3 "

" 24

4 "

" 28

6

1

No. 5

V June 1-OG

8 "

t 1

7 "

"

4 "

" 22

4 "

" 21

5

" 29

5 "

"

No. 6

?

?

June 25-07

8 "

" 3

4 "

7

VI tt

9

7 "

" 16

6 "

%

No. 1 — Emergence to adult, 24 days

2—

3 — Oviposition
Emergence
4— Oviposition
Emergence
5— Oviposition
Emergence
6—

28
33

34
26
34
26
27

One of 45 ova deposited by one female.

These life histories give a period of between 33 and 34 days
for the full transformations from the egg to the adult, and of
between 24 and 28 days for the five nymphal instars.

Briefly, then, Gerris marginatus has one embryonic, 5
nymphal (or if the first tenuous molt be considered a true-
ecdysis, 6), and one adult, a total of seven instars, which take
about a month. This would allow for three broods a summer.

Feeding Habits of Adult Chrysopidae (Neur.).
I have taken adult Chrysopidae (Chrysopa sp.) on flowers with ex-
posed nectar: Pastinace satii-a, June 15 and 24, 1886; Ticdcuuinnin
ritiidti (O.vypclis rii/idior), Aug. 15, 1888. These visits were men-
tioned under Neuroptera in Trans. St. Louis Acad. Science 5 : 459.
They are not cited by Knuth, Handbiicli dcr Bliitenbiologie, III. 2: 469,
but visits of a Chrysopa sp. to Yucca it-hip plci are there recorded.—
CHARLES ROBERTSON, Carlinville, 111.

3O2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

Some Bees of the Genus Psaenythia (Hym.).

By T. D. A. COCKERELL, Boulder, Colorado.
Many years ago Professor L. Bruner collected three species
of the wasp-like Panurgid genus Psaenythia at Carcarana, Ar-
gentina. They were sent to the National Museum, and are
now in my hands for determination. One proves to be a fe-
male of P. picta Gerst, but the others are considered new.

Psaenythia thoracica crawfordi n. subsp.

Larger than true P. thoracica from Parana, about 8.5 long in both
sexes ; female with lower border of clypeus black, and the black on
disc extending upward as two large wedge-shaped marks; supra-
clypeal area black; mesothorax, scutellum, postscutellum and two trans-
verse marks on basal part of metathorax red ; pale yellow abdominal
bands narrowly interrupted on first two segments, constricted but not
interrupted on third and fourth, very narrowly interrupted on fifth.
Male with face cream-colored below antennae, the supraclypeal mark
notched above; anterior margin of mesothorax broadly black; no red
on metathorax; all the abdominal bands interrupted.

The female, in my collection, was reqeived from the National
Museum, labelled P. thoracica Gerst. by Mr. Crawford. The
male (Bruner 33) evidently belongs with it. In spite of the
greater size, I should not separate this from P. thoracica (de-
scribed from the male), but for the fact that Friese has the
female of that insect (from Villa Rica, Paraguay), and states
that the abdomen has on each side of segments 1-5 a small yel-
low three-cornered spot. Since Friese's insect is from a region
comparatively near the type locality, there is no reason to doubt
that it represents the species correctly ; P. thoracica crawfordi
is evidently a well-marked subspecies from the desert regions
of the interior.

Psaenythia pachycephala n. sp.

$. — Length about 10 mm., robust; head very broad; eyes rather
small, green, strongly diverging below. Black, with clear ferruginous
legs, the markings cream-color, those on face and mandibles lemon -
yellow. Mandibles long, yellow on outer face except at apex ; clypeus
(which is extremely broad and low), labrtim, large dog-ear marks,
and space between clypeus and dog-ear marks and orbits yellow, the
lateral yellow ending above horizontally, not quite reaching level of
top of dog-ear marks; a cream-colored mark on upper part of each

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 303

cheek behind; facial foveae oblique; vertex shining but well punctured;
rlagellum clear ferruginous beneath except at base, antennae otherwise
nearly black. Mesothorax and scutellum shining and sparsely punc-
tured, metathorax dull; cream-colored markings consisting of inter-
rupted line on collar, ends of tubercles, spot behind tubercles, spot at
each anterior corner of scutellum, band on postscutellum, spots on
knees (extending to stripes on anterior femora), and bands on abdom-
inal segments 1-6, on first segment reduced to a pyriform mark on eacli
side, on second and third broadly interrupted, on fourth narrowly in-
terrupted, on fifth and sixth hardly more than constricted; tegulae
clear fulvous; wings yellowish, dusky apically, stigma amber-color;
apical plate of abdomen broadly truncate, the truncation slightly ex-
cavated. (Bruner 59.)

$. — Length about 10 mm.; differing from the male thus: Head or-
dinary, though broader than long; mandibles black, with a ferruginous
patch; face black, except for a pair of large quadrate patches, broader
than long, taking in the dog-ear marks and the space between these
and the orbits; mesothorax and scutellum rather densely punctured;
bands on first two abdominal segments rather broadly interrupted, on
third narrowly, on fourth very narrowly, on fifth entire; fringe at
end of abdomen black; spur of middle tibia as long as basitarsus, re-
motely short-pectinate. (Bruner 60.)

The sexual difference in the sculpture of the thorax is paral-
lel with that observed in P. pliilanthoidcs Gerst.

Related to P. rubripcs Friese, from which it is known by the
much darker antennae, spotted scutellum, and the large light
patches on face of female. According to the description, P.
rufipcs Holmbg. appears to be very similiar, differing by the
color of the flagellum and the form of the face-markings.
Schrottky states that rufipcs is a variety of P. picta, which P.
pachycephala certainly is not.

Physiographic Divisions of the United States.

Entomologists studying geographical distribution will find useful a
monograph by Nevin M. Fenneman, under the above title, forming
pages 19-98 of volume VI of the Annals of the Association of Ameri-
,1111 Ccof/niphers. It attempts "to divide the United States into na-
tural or physical units which should be as nearly as possible homo-
geneous with respect to certain criteria All orders of divisions

rest ultimately on existing differences in topography and elevation.
15ut the differences considered are those which pertain to physiographic
types and not merely superficial appearance." It is accompanied by a
preliminary map of the United States 42.5 x 17 inches. Copies may be
purchased for 26 cents from the Secretary and Editor of the Associa-
tion, Prof. Richard E. Dodge, Washington, Connecticut.

3°4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'l 7

Origin and Development of the Photogenic Organs
of Photuris pennsylvanica DeGeer (Col.).*

By WALTER N. HESS.

In spite of the fact that the light organs of fire flies have
been the object of much study during the past century, com-
paratively little has been done on their development. How-
ever, during the past few years this phase of the subject has
received more attention, though as yet, no one has definitely
demonstrated their embryonic origin.

There are at present three conflicting views regarding the
origin of the photogenic organs. One view is that they are
modified hypodermal cells, another that they are formed from
both ectoderm and mesoderm, and lastly, that they are derived
from fat cells. Of these three views, that of the fat cell
origin has been the most generally accepted.

Among the earlier workers who favored the idea of ecto-
dermal origin was Owsjannikow (1868), but his observations
are of little value since he studied only the adult organ.

The question of origin can be settled only by a study of
the development of the photogenic tissues. With the excep-
tion of two recent papers, Yogel (1912), and Williams (1916),
this has not been done by any one except Dubois. Dubois
(1898) studied the development of both Lampyris noctiluca
and Pyrophorus noctiluca. He believed that he was able to
follow the development of the photogenic organs through the
different stages, from the beginning of segmentation, to the
adult insect. He discovered a close histological resemblance
between the blastoderm cells and the photogenic cells of the
larva, pupa and adult. Furthermore, he concluded that the
cells of the hypodermis multiply, and by proliferation form
directly the photogenic organ of the larva.

For some reason Dubois' work has attracted little attention
and is practically ignored in general discussions of the sub-
ject. Moreover he misinterpreted the normal structure of
the body wall in Lampyris, and for this reason his conclu-

* Contribution from the Entomological Department of Cornell Uni-
versity.

\

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 305

sions have been severely criticised by the few who have dis-
cussed them.

Wielowiejski (1890), in opposition to Dubois, states that
the so-called reflective or nrate layer of the photogenic organ
is derived from fat cells ; the light giving or luminous layer,
on the contrary, is composed of cells derived from oenocytes,
hence ectodermal. Here again the statements are based on a
study of mature organs, and hence are not conclusive.

With the exception of the two previously mentioned papers
by Vogel and Williams, all authors who favor the theory of
fat cell origin have based their conclusions only on a study of
the adult organs. Many of these, including Leydig (1857),
Schultze (1865), Wheeler (1892) and Berlese (1909) seem
to be of this opinion, largely because the structure of the
mature organ resembles somewhat that of fat cells, and also
because certain cells of the photogenic organs secrete urates
and other products, comparable with fat cells.

Recently two important papers have appeared which ap-
parently definitely settle the question in favor of the fat cell
origin, one by Vogel (1912), the other by Williams (1916).

Vogel studied the embryonic development in Lampyris noc-
tiluca, beginning with a stage in which the organ was already
clearly differentiated. He made a comparative histological
study of its cells and those of the neighboring tissues, from
which he concluded that the cells of the photogenic organ, in
this stage, agree with the neighboring fat cells in shape, size
and relations of their nuclei. On this he based his conclusions
that the light organ arises from fat cells.

It should be noted that Vogel found the organ in its early
development closely applied to the hypodermis, while at a
later stage it was definitely separated from it.

Williams (1916) worked upon our native species, Photuris
pennsylvanica, and apparently confirmed completely the work
of Vogel. He maintains that the cells of the photogenic organ
form a gradual gradation from the rather dark pigmented
cells lying against the hypodermis, through those on the side
towards the fat cells and continuous with them.

306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'J7

Unaware of Williams' work, which did not appear until
late December, the writer had undertaken a study of the
embryonic development of the photogenic organs of Photuris
pennsylvanica. This work was at the suggestion of Dr. W.
A. Riley, to whom the writer is indebted for helpful advice
and criticism in the completion of this paper. On the basis
of this work he is forced to conclude that neither Vogel not
Williams studied the organ in its earliest development, and
that they drew mistaken conclusions from observations of
organs already developed beyond the critical stage.

Material for study was obtained by confining the adult in-
sects in small jars that were partly filled with earth and moss.
Since oviposition occurred very readily in captivity, it was
easy to obtain a complete series of eggs by removing the in-
sects to different jars each day. During the summer of 1916
the eggs of this species hatched in from 25 to 27 days, depend-
ing on temperature, with an average of 26 days. Eggs were
killed in hot water, dehydrated and imbedded in paraffin.
Sections were cut three and four microns thick. As it was
often difficult to find the eighth abdominal segment, sagittal
sections were by far the most satisfactory. Heidenhain's
iron haematoxylin was very satisfactory for staining. Various
other stains were tried with less success. Eosin was some-
times used as a counter stain.

It was found in the 14-day embryos, that the hypodermis
on the ventro-lateral portion of each side of the eighth ab-
dominal segment, in its anterior region, showed a definite
thickening, due to proliferation and enlargement of the cells,
as shown in Fig. I, (H). The nuclei of the cells were also
larger than those of other hypodermal regions.

In the 15-day embryos the organ appeared as a distinct
nodule which projected from the inner surface of the hypo-
dermis (Fig. 2, P). At this stage there was no evidence of
any separation from the hypodermis. In fact the hypoder-
mal cells extended up slightly between the cells of the nodule
itself.

By studying a large number of embryos it was definitely

Vol. xxviii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

307

determined that there was no evidence of any relation between
the fat cells and those of the nodule, in this, or the 14-day
embryos. At this age the cells and nuclei of the nodule are
much larger than those of the hypodermis. In fact they
somewhat resemble the fat cells, though the nuclei are larger.
Moreover, the chromatin in the nuclei of the photogenic organ
is of a coarse irregular nature resembling closely that of the

Fig. i.— Sagittal section of the ventro-lateral eighth abdominal segment of a 14-day
embryo through the middle of the photogenic organ. F, fat cell ; //, hypoder-
mis thickening to form the photogenic organ.

Fig. 2.— Sagittal section of the ventro-lateral eighth abdominal segment of a 15-day
embryo through the middle of the photogenic organ. F, fat cell ; H, hypoder-
mis ; P. photogenic organ or nodule.

Fig. 3.— Sagittal section of the ventro-lateral eighth abdominal segment of a 17-day
embryo through the middle of the photogenic organ. F, fat cell ; H, hypoder-
mis ; M, muscle ; P, photogenic organ ; T, trachea.

Fig. 4.— Sagittal section of the ventro-lateral eighth abdominal segment of a 26-day
embryo through the middle of the photogenic organ. C, cuticula ; H, hypo-
dermis; /-.luminous layer of photogenic organ; A", reflective or urate layer;
T, trachea.

308 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

hypodermal cells, rather than that of the fat, which is of
a finer nature. The cells of the light organ at this stage
appear somewhat vacuolated, especially those farthest away
from the hypodermis. This fact is not surprising since this
portion soon forms the less dense or reflective layer. The
hypodermis itself often shows a vacuolated condition.

In the 1 6- to 1 7-day embryos the organ is completely sepa-
rated from the hypodermis, except at its two ends where it
remains attached, the organ being elongated in the direction
of the two attachments. The appearance of the photogenic
cells at this stage is very similar to that of the 1 5-day em-
bryos, except that their cell boundaries seem more distinct.
However the cells farthest away from the hypodermis appear
more vacuolated. Until now, cell division has been but
slight, however at this time these large active nuclei are di-
viding considerably.

From Vogel's and Williams' descriptions of the earliest
condition of the light organs that they observed, one would
be led to believe that it was the study of this stage of de-
velopment on which they based their conclusions regarding
its origin. At this time the fat cells lie in rather close prox-
imity to the light organ, and somewhat resemble it.

In embryos 19 to 20 days old, there occurs a differentiation
of the cells of the photogenic organ, by which the two layers
are formed. The tracheal and nerve connections become fully
established about this time^ for in the 22-day embryos light
was being emitted from the photogenic organ.

In the 26-day embryos (Fig. 4,) the two layers are very
distinct. Cell boundaries were definitely observed in the
luminous layer, though no cell walls were distinguished in
the reflective area. At this period there is considerable dif-
ference in the nuclei of the two regions. Those of the re-
flective layer appear smaller and more elongate than those ot
the luminous area. The cytoplasm of the luminous portion
is very granular and appears slightly alveolar, while that of the
reflective layer, though somewhat alveolar-like, contains com-
paratively few granules.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 309

The narrow hypodermal ligaments which are continuous
with the hypodermis and the photogenic organ, often appear
longitudinally striated, due probably to a slight modification of
the hypodermis in those regions. In a sagittal section these
attachments are continuous longitudinally with the reflective
layer, the region between these attachments next to the hypo-
dermis being occupied entirely by the luminous cells. Since
the reflective layer lies like a cap over the inner portion of
the photogenic organ, its cells cover all of the organ except
that portion next to the hypodermis.

At the meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, at
New York, in December, 1916, Dahlgren reported observa-
tions which he had made on the development of the adult or-
gans in the pupa of Photicris pennsylvanica. He found that
the larval organs degenerated, and that new ones were formed,
in different body segments, by the proliferation of hypodermal
cells. Williams in his work on the development of the light
organs in the pupa concludes that they are derived from
fat cells. However he states : "The photogenic organ, when
in the process of formation, frequently suggests a hypodermal
origin, for it is then rather structureless and closely applied
to the body wall. Indeed some sections show the hypodermis
sending up extensions between the cells of the organ." My
observations on the pupal development of the photogenic
organ, though essentially the same as quoted from Williams'
paper, have led me to conclude, as Dahlgren, that the adult
organs in the pupa arise from hypodermis.

Wheeler and Williams (1915) in their study of a my-
cetophilid fly of the New Zealand caves, find that the light
organs are a modified portion of the Malpighian tubules.
These structures, as is well known, are of ectodermal origin,
and this furnishes a clear instance of light organs from the
ectoderm in insects.

All the evidence which I have obtained from the studies
above outlined, strengthen my belief that Vogel and Will-
iams were mistaken in their interpretations of the early light
organ, and that, instead of arising from fat cells, the em-

3IO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'l/

bryonic organ is formed by a proliferation of hypodermal cells,
which are ectodermal in origin.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
BERLESE, A. 1909. Gli insetti : loro organizzazione, sviluppo, abitudini

e rapporti coll'uomo. Milano. p. 709.
BONGARDT, J. 1903. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Leuchtorgane ein-

heimischer Lampyriden. Zeit. fur wiss Zool. LXXV : 1-45. 3 Taf.
DUBOIS, R. 1898. Lecons de physiologic generale et comparee. Paris.

pp. 301-317-
LEYDIG, F. 1857. Lehrbuch der Histologie des Menschen und der

Thiere pp. 342-344.
OWSJANNIKOW, P. 1868. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Leuchtorgane

von Lampyris noctiluca. Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. XL No.

17, p. 12. pi. i.
SCHULTZE, M. 1865. Zur Kenntniss der Leuchtorgane von Lampyris

splendidula. Archiv. fiir mikr. Anat. 1 : 124-137, 2 Taf.
VOGEL, R. 1912. Zur Topographic und Entwicklungsgeschichte der

Leuchtorgane von Lampyris noctiluca. Zool. Anz. XLI : 325-332.
WHEELER, W. M. 1892. Concerning the "blood tissue" of the Insecta.

Psyche VI. p. 255.
WHEELER, W. M. and WILLIAMS, F. X. 1915. The luminous organ of

the New Zealand glow-worm. Psyche XXII: 36-43 pi. i.
VON WIELOWIEJSKI, H. 1889. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Leuchtorgane

der Insecten. Zool. Anz. XII : 594-600.
IBID. 1890. Contributions a 1' histoire des Organes Lumineux chez

les Insectes. Bull. Sci. Fr. Belg. XXII: 166-172.
WILLIAMS, F. X. 1916. The photogenic organs and embryology of

Lampyrids. Jour. Morph. XXVIII : 145-207. pi. 10.

An Active Ant-killer (Arach., Solpugid.).

April 25th of this year, Mr. Frank B. Richardson, of San Diego,
Texas, sent me a specimen of an interesting Solpugid, Ercmobatcs
magnus (Hancock), which was determined by Mr. Clarence R. Shoe-
maker, of the National Museum. Mr. Richardson found the specimen
destroying large sized ants. He took it to an ant hill, and in a few
minutes it killed "hundreds of ants." Mr. Richardson pointed out
that these ants are a great pest at San Diego and especially to freshly
planted seeds. He stated that they had carried away about 20 pounds
of grass seed which he recently sowed. He further stated that he
would very much like to "promote the multiplication" of this import-
ant ant enemy. — L. O. HOWARD, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 311

Notes on the Earwigs (Dermaptera) of North
America, north of the Mexican Boundary.

By MORGAN HEBAKD, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Philadelphia collections contain material of all the
species of Dermaptera native to, or adventive in, these regions.
It is the purpose of the present paper to list th'e native species,
giving their synonymy and in each case the first incorrect
use of a name for the species based on material from the re-
gions here considered; to record hitherto unreported material
before us, and to give briefly the local habitat and known dis-
tribution of each species. One new species is described. The
nomenclature shows but little recent change ; annulipcs hav-
ing been transferred by Burr from Anisolabis to Euborellia.
while the series now at hand prove beyond question the dis-
tinctness of the species of the Unidentata Group of the genus
Prolabia found in Hayti and in the southeastern United
States, the correct name for the latter insect being pulchclla
of Serville.

Though the different North American species have been
frequently mentioned in the literature, few studies in any
way comprehensive have appeared.1

The order is but weakly represented in the regions here
treated, except in the subtropical and tropical areas of the
southern United States, and constant field work has been nec-
essary to assemble even the small total here recorded.

Fifteen species are represented, of which four may be said
to be confined in distribution to the restricted tropical areas

lOi these the most important are:—

1876. Brief Synopsis of North American Earwigs, with an Appen-
dix on the Fossil Species, by Scudder. Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.,
II, pp. 249-260.

1911. The Earwigs of the United States National Museum, by Burr.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXVIII, pp. 443-467.

1913. Notes on Nearctic Orthopterous Insects. I. Nonsaltatorial
Forms, by Caudell. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLIV, pp. 595-599.

1914. United States and Mexican Records of Species of the Genus
Doru (Dermaptera; Forficulidac), by Rehn and llebard. Jour. N.
Y. Ent. Soc., XXII, pp. 89 to 96.

312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

of the southern United States, while two are found only in
the subtropical desert of the southwest. A total of 432 speci-
mens is recorded, of which 309 belong to the Philadelphia
collections.

Our thanks are due to those who have assisted in permit-
ting the examination of material, either their own property or
in their care.

LABIDURIDAE.

PSALINAE.

1. Anisolabis maritima (Gene).

1832. Forficula maritima Gene, Sagg. Monogr. Forfic. Indig., p. 9.
[Nice, France; Genoa and Tuscany, Italy; along Mediterranean.]

1853. Anisolabis maritima Fieber, Lotos, III, p. 257. [Exotic
records; South Carolina.] (Generic assignment and first United
States record.)

New York: Larchmont, XI, 27, 1902, (T. D. O'Connor), i $, [Hebard
Cln.].

New Jersey: Palisades, 1901, (E. Daecke), 2$, [A. N. S. P.].

Florida: Long Boat Key, i$, [Hebard Cln.]; Key West, (Agassiz;
Morrison), 6$, 89, [M. C. Z.] ; Warrington, VIII, 4, 1903, (A. P.
Morse), i juv., [Morse Cln.]; Fort Barrancas, VIII, 3, 1903, (A. P.
Morse), 2 juv., [Morse Cln.].

Texas: Virginia Point, VII, 21, 1912, (M. Hebard; common under
boards among low grasses on raised beach), 4$ , 3$, I juv., [Hebard
Cln.].

This insect is found under litter on the ground. It is usually
met with in the largest numbers under drift on sea beaches.
The species does not appear to exist far from salt water. It
is generally distributed along the Gulf coast and the Atlantic
coast as far north as Maine.

2. Euborellia annulipes (Lucas).

1847. Forficelisa annulipes Lucas, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (2), V, p.
LXXXIV. [Jardin des Plantes, Paris; probably introduced from
North America.]

1905. Anisolabis annulipes Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1904, p. 778. [Thomasville, Georgia.] (First United States
record.)

1905. Anisolabis aztcca Caudell, Ent. News, XVI, p. 216. [Jackson-
ville, Florida.]

1915. Euborellia annulipes Burr, Jour. R. Microsc. Soc., 1915, p. 545.
(Generic assignment.)

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 313

Georgia: Tybee Island, VI, 20, (D. M. Castle), i$, i9, [A. N. S.
P.].

Florida: Lake Worth, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), i$, i9, [M. C. Z.] ;
Miami, III, 4, 1916, (M. Hebard ; Musa Isle, orange grove, occasional
under debris on sandy soil), I $ , 3$, 2 juv., [Hebard Cln.].

Alabama: Springhill, Mobile County, VIII, 25, 1915, (Rehn &
Hebard; under signs on oaks), i$, 3$, 3 juv., [Hebard Cln. and
A. N. S. P.].

Mississippi: Agricultural College, (H. E. Weed), 2$, 29, 3 juv.,
[A. N. S. P.]; Ocean Springs, I, 1905, (J. H. Comstock) 6$, 69, 16
juv., [Cornell Univ. Cln.].

Louisiana: Nairn, XI, 1892, (H. E. Weed), i9, [A. N. S. P.].

Texas: Alvin, XI, 8, 1904. (Miss M. Hillje), i$, i9, [A. M. N. H.] ;
Laredo, VIII, 12, 1912, (M. Hebard; in drug store), i9, i juv.,
[Hebard Cln.].

Arizona: Phoenix, i$, [Hebard Cln.].

California: Folsom, VII, 19, 1885, i9, [M. C. Z.] ; Mesa Grande,
Sonoma County, IX, 30, 1906, (J. C. Bradley), i9, [Cornell Univ.
Cln.]; Redlands, XII, 25, 1912, i$, 2$, [Hebard Cln.]; Los Angeles,
1887, (D. W. Coquillett), i9, [Hebard Cln.]; Coronado, (F. E. Blais-
dell), 2$, 39, i juv., [Hebard Cln.].

This earwig is found under litter of every sort, sometimes
under signs on trees and rarely in houses. It is more often
found inland than under drift on sea beaches.

The species has been recorded from Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, and the District of Columbia ; it should be considered
adventive at these places. The species is now known from
along the southern border of the United States, except in
trans-Pecos Texas, New Mexico and eastern Arizona. The
northernmost records, in addition to those given above, are :
Raleigh, North Carolina ; Camden and Columbia, South Caro-
lina ; Augusta and Macon, Georgia, and Montgomery, Ala-
bama. It is generally distributed and numerous in southern
Florida, the Florida Keys and southern coastal California.

LABIDURINAE.
:*. Labidura bidens (Olivier).

1791. Forficula bidens Olivier, Encycl. Method., Ins., VI, p. 466.
[Jamaica.]

1876. Labidura rifaria Scudder (probably not Forficula riparia
Pallas, 1773), Bull. U. S. Oeol. Surv. Terr., II, p. 250. [Exotic records;
Texas; Florida.] (First United States records.)

3H ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'i/

1905. Labidura bidens Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1904, p. 777. [Thomasville, Georgia.] (Following Kirby's
generic assignment, first United States record as bidens.)

1908. Labidura erythroccphala Burr, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,
1907, p. 512. [Savannah, Georgia.]

The description of riparia, from Siberia, is not sufficient to locate
that species. It seems best to use the name bidens for the insect
here considered until Siberian material can be obtained and the prob-
lem definitely solved.

Mississippi: Ocean Springs, I, 1905, (J. H. Comstock), i $ , [Cornell
Univ. Cln.].

Louisiana: Spanish Fort, New Orleans, VI, 29, 1916, (Lutz & Rehn;
in pavilion), 2$, i juv., [A. M. N. H. and A. N. S. P.].

Texas: Galveston, VII, 19, 1912, (M. Hebard; under board on sand
near beach), 1$, [Hebard Cln.]; Alvin, VII, 27, 1007 and XI, 8, 1904,
(Miss M. Hillje), i $ , i $ , [A. M. N. H.],

This, insect is visually found under litter on the ground. It
frequently comes to light at night. It is often encountered
under drift on sea beaches.

The species is widely distributed in Florida and southern
Georgia, extending north along the Atlantic coast to Savan-
nah. North of that point it is known only from a "South
Carolina" record and one from Raleigh, North Carolina. West-
ward it is known only from the localities given above.

LABIIDAE.

SPONGOPHORINAE.
4. Vostox brunneipennis (Serville).

1839. Psalidophora brunneipennis Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth.,
p. 30. [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.]

1876. Spongophora brunneipennis Scudder, (in part), Bull. U. S.
Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, p. 252.. [Exotic record; Pennsylvania;
Kentucky to Florida; Texas2.] (Generic assignment.)

1911. Vostox brunneipennis Burr, Deutsch. Ent. Nat.-Biblioth., II,
p. 59. (New genus described with brunneipennis as genotype.)

North Carolina: Southern Pines, IV, 17, 1915, (A. H. Manee), i9,
2 juv., [Hebard Cln.].

Kentucky: Cumberland Gap, VII, 1876, (G. Dimmock), i$, i9,
7 juv., [M. C. Z.].

2 Arizona is also given, this taken, however, from material of
Spongovostox apicedcntatus.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 315

Louisiana: Arcadia, VIII, 20, 1915, (Rehn & Hebard; in great num-
bers under bark of dead birch, many immature individuals not taken ;
Prolabia pidchclla also present, but much less numerous"), 23 <$ , 339,
39 juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].

This species is usually found under the bark of dead trees.
We have found it only on magnolia and birch.

The insect has a very wide distribution over the southern
and eastern portions of the United States, but is so rarely en-
countered that the records give little definite information as
to the limits of its distribution. In Florida it has not been
taken south of Enterprise. The most western records are
Clifton and Columbia, Texas. The most northern are Dallas,
Texas3 ; Arcadia, Louisiana ; Cumberland Gap, Kentucky, and
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The insect has once been found
locally in very large numbers and has been reported common
in Texas by Belfrage. Over the greater portion of its dis-
tribution in the United States it may, however, rightly be
termed a rare species. The distribution in the Americas of this
species and Darn linear c, are the widest known for any non-
domiciliary earwigs of the New World.

5. Spongovostox apicedentatus (Caudell).

1876. Spongophora brunneipennis Scudder, (in part, not Fsalidophora
brunncipennis Serville, 1839), Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.,
II, p. 252. [Arizona.]

1902. Spongophora brunneipennis Scudder and Cockerell, (not
Fsalidnphora brunncipennis Serville, 1839), Proc. Davenport Acad.
Sci., IX, p. 18. [La Cueva, Organ Mountains, New Mexico.]

1904. Labia melancholica Rehn, (not of Scudder, 1876), Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 562. [Florence, Arizona.]

1905. Spongophora apicedentata Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XXVIII, p. 461, fig. la. [Columbia, Texas: Catalina Springs, Tucson
(type locality) and Fort Yuma, Arizona; Los Angeles and San Diego
Counties, California.]

1911. S[pongoT'osto.v] apicedentatus Burr, Deutsch. Ent. Nat.-
Biblioth., IT, p. 59. (Generic assignment.)

Arizona: Sabino Basin, Santa Catalina Mountains, 3800 feet, VII,
8 to 20, 1916, (Lutz & Rehn), i?, [A. M. N. H.]; Sabino Canon,

3Bruner's southeastern Nebraska record of the species may be
valid, but seems decidedly doubtful. No material from that region
is to be found in the Bruner Collection.

316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Juty* ':7

Santa Catalina Mountains, III, 10 to V, 2, 1916, (J. F. Tucker; 36
from dead Sahuaro), 13 $ , 31$, 4 juv., [Hebard Cln.] ; Tucson,
VII, 3 to 5, 1916, (Lutz & Rehn), i9, [A. M. N. H.] ; Santa Cruz
Village, Comobabi Mountains, VIII, 10 to 12, 1916, (Lutz & Rehn;
from dead and sour Sahuaro), 2 juv., [A. M. N. H. and A. N. S. P.].

This species is apparently the only indigenous earwig of
the southwestern desert regions and is a difficult insect to lo-
cate. It has usually been found in dead Sahuaro or Giant
Cactus, Cercus giganteus, but extends its range far beyond
that of the plant. In addition to the records given above and
those of the references, the species has only been recorded
from Isabel, Texas.

6. Labia minor (Linnaeus).

1758. Forficula minor Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., (10), i, p. 423. [Europe.]
1838. Labia minor Doubleday, Ent. Mag., V, p. 279. [Wanborough,

New York.]

1862. Labia minuta Scudder, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 415.

[Massachusetts; Virginia.]

Ontario: Ottawa, IX, 8, 1912, (J. I. Beaulne), 4$, 2$, [A. N. S. P.
and Hebard Cln.].

Maine: Norway, (S. J. Smith), 5$, i9, [M. C. Z.].

Massachusetts: Beverley, VI, I, 1866, (E. Burgess), i9, [M. C. Z.];
Medford, VI, 1907, i9, [M. C. Z.] ; Cambridge, XI, i, 1881, I $, i9,
[M. C. Z.]; Wollaston, 1883, (F. H. Sprague), i$, [M. C.
Z.]; Chicopee, X, 15, 1897, 2$, 4$, [A. N. S. P. and Hebard
Cln.].

Rhode Island: Providence, V, 25, 1871, (outside stable), 6$, 27?,
[M. C. Z.].

New York: Ithaca, VIII, i and 9, 1901 and 1904, [Cornell LTniv.
Cln.]; Albany, (Peck), i $, [M. C. Z.] ; Tuxedo, V, 23, 1900, (T. D.
O'Connor), i?, [Hebard Cln.].

New Jersey: Boonton, VII, 23, 1901, (G. M. Greene), i $ , [A. N.
S. P.l.

Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, IV, 26, 1915, (J. A. G. Rehn), i $ , [A.
N. S. P.]; Frankfort, i9, [A. N. S. P.]; Chestnut Hill, VII, 1003,
('M. Hebard; flying at dusk), i9, [Hebard Cln.]; St. Martins, VII,
5, 1916, (M. Hebard; flying before dusk), i9, [Hebard Cln.]; Olney,
VII, 3, 1915, (M. Hebard; flying at dusk), i9, [Hebard Cln]; Wyom-
ing, VII, 21, 1903 and IX, 1904, (G. M. Greene), i $, i9, [A. N. S.
P.] (these five localities in Phila.) ; Bryn Mawr, VI, 27, 1908, (M.
Hebard; under board on manure pile), 2$, 49, [Hebard Cln.];

Swarthmore, IX, 19, 1916, (E. T. Cresson, Jr.), i$, [A. N. S. P.].

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 317

Delaware: Delaware City, VII, 25, 1899, i $ , [M. C. Z.L

Virginia: Hot Springs, VII, 29, 1916, (M. Hebard; flying before
dusk), i $, \ Hebard On.].

Wisconsin: Sparta, VIII, 7, 1896, (J. E. McDade), i$, i$, [M.
C. Z.L

Manitoba: Aweme, IX, n, 1909, (N. Criddle), 4$, [Hebard Cln.
and A. N. S. P.].

Nebraska: Lincoln, VIII and IX, 7 $ , 8$, [Hebard Cln. and A. N.
S. P.]

California: Sonoma County, IV, 16, i9, [Hebard Cln.]; Claremont,
(C. F. Baker), 2$, [A. N. S. P.]

The species is frequently encountered in flight at, or just
before, dusk. It is often numerous under debris about man-
ure.

This minute insect, an adventive from Europe, has become
widely distributed in the United States. It is the only earwig
known from Canada, where it has been taken as far north as
Quebec, Quebec. There are no records of its occurrence

«-W «-W

south of the Fall Line in the southeastern United States,
except at Unadilla, Georgia,4 or from the Great Plains west to
the Californian Sierras.

7. Labia rehni new species.

1914. Labia minor Rehn and Hebard, (not Forficula minor Lin-
naeus, 1758), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, p. 377. [Key West,
Florida.]

Though very similar to Labia minor in general appearance,
the unique female of this interesting species before us, is
found to differ widely from females of that species, in the
much smaller eyes, more ample pronotum, much shorter teg-
mina and wings, distinctive pygidium and forceps with ven-
tro-internal margins not attingent, not perfectly straight and
armed with microscopic, blunt serrulations.

Type: 9 ; Key West, Florida. July 7, 1912. (Rehn £
Hebard; under boards in store-house.) [Hebard Collec-
tion Type No. 439.]

Size very small ; form moderately slender, very slightly more robust
than in L. minor. Head, pronotum, tegmina, wings, abdomen and

4 The record by Rehn and Hebard from Key West, Florida, ap-
plies to Labia rchni.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[July, '17

forceps thickly clothed with short microscopic hairs. Head as in
minor, but with eye only about three-fifths length of cheek5. Pronotum
ample; lateral margins straight, parallel; caudal margin convex. Teg-
mina short, only a little longer than pronotum6; truncate caudad. Win-js
projecting beyond tegmina less than half the pronotal length7. Scent
glands subobsolete. Untimate dorsal abdominal segment simple, as in
minor; fully three times as wide as long, caudal margin transverse.
Pygidium declivent; lateral margins feebly concave, subparallel; dis-
tal margin strongly concave, so that the latero-caudal portions of the
pygidium project caudad as slender, acute, conical projections. For-
ceps moderately heavy, triquetrous in proximal portion; dorsal sur-

Fig. i. — Labia rchni n. sp. Dorsal outline of type. (X5- )

Fig. 2. — Labia rehni n. sp. Dorsal outline of head. Type, 9- (Much enlarged.)

Fig. 3. — Labia re/inin. sp. Dorso-caudal outline of pygidium. Type, $. (Greatly

enlarged.)
Fig. i,.—Prolabia pulchella (Serville). Dorso-caudal outline of male pygidium.

Thomasville, Georgia. (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 5. — Prolabia unidentata (Beauvois). Dorso-caudal outline of male pygidium.

San Francisco Mountains, San Domingo. (Greatly enlarged.)

face deplanate in proximal half, thence feebly convex; ventral sur-
face deplanate; proximad the shaft is excavate to accommodate the
pygidium, thence the internal face is deplanate for two-fifths the dis-
tance to apex, with ventral margin cingulate, feebly concave and mi-
croscopically closely and bluntly serrulate; beyond this point this mar-
gin is feebly lamellate from the juncture of the dorsal and ventral
surfaces and is supplied with well-spaced, microscopic serrulations.
Caudal margin of penultimate ventral abdominal segment transverse,
very feebly convex. Limbs as in minor: short; thickly supplied with
minute hairs; femora stout; metatarsus with ventral surface hairy,
with two rows of chaetiform spines.

5 In minor the eye is only very slightly shorter than the cheek.
" Tn minor nearly twice as long as pronotum.

7 In minor the wings project beyond the tegmina fully the pronotal
length.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 319

Length of body, 4.5; of pronotum, .86; of tegmen, 1.16; of exposed
portion of wing, .41; of forceps, 1.36; width of pronotum, .88; of ab-
domen, 1.6 mm.

Head and pronotum bister. Tegmina and wings snuff brown. Dor-
sal surface of abdomen auburn, shading to blackish brown latero-
cephalad. Forceps auburn. Antennae, limbs and underparts buck-
thorn brown.

The type is unique.

8. Labia curvicauda (Motschulsky).

1863. Forficelisa curvicauda Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou,
XXXVI, p. 2, pi. II, fig. i. [Nura-Ellia Mountains, Ceylon.]

1912. Labia curvicauda Rehn and Hebard, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1912, p. 237. [Long Key, Florida.] (First United States
record.]

The species is known from the United States only from
the large series taken at Long Key, Florida, in the dying
tops of cocoanut palms, at the white bases of the petioles
where these were moist.

3. Prolabia pulchella (Serville).

1839. Forficula pulchella Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 42. [Nia-
gara, New York8.]

1876. Labia guttata Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII,
p. 265. [Texas.]

1876. Labia burgessi Scudder, ibid., p. 266. [Palatka, Florida.]
1876. Labia melancholica Scudder, ibid., p. 267. [Waco, Texas.]
1900. Labia pulchella Bormans, Das Tierreich, p. 65. [Texas.]
1911. Labia unidentata Burr, (in part, not of Beauvois, 1917), Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXVIII, p. 451. [Florida; Thomasville, Georgia;
Texas.]

1911. Prolabia unidentata Burr, (in part, not of Beauvois, 1917),
Gen. Ins., Fasc. 122, Dermapt, p. 57. [United States.] (Generic as-
signment.)

Careful comparison of all the material before us of the Unidentata
Group, proves conclusively the above synonymy, as has been indicated
by Burr. Contrary to that author's opinion, however, the species
found in the United States is distinct from the West Indian Prolabia
unidentata (Beauvois).

In pulchella, the male pygidium is distinctive in being roughly sub-
quadrate, with broad distal margin subtruncate.

8One specimen, collected by Schaum, bore no data : the other was
labelled "Niagara"; clearly mislabelled or an advcntive specimen.

32O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

Alabama: Greenville, VIII, 3, 1915, (M. Hebard; under bark of dead
sweet gum), i9, [Hebard Cln.]; Evergreen, VIII, 3, 1915, (M.
Hebard; under bark), 2$, 4?, [Hebard Cln.].

Louisiana: Nairn, XI, 1892, (H. E. Weed), i99, [A. N. S. P.] ;
Arcadia, VIII, 20, 1915, (Rehn & Hebard; few under bark of dead
birch, where Vostox brnnneipennis was abundant), 2$, 5 9 10. [Hebard
Cln. and A. N. S. P.].

This insect is common under the dead bark of trees in the
southeastern United States, but particularly of dead pines of
various species. Among deciduous trees it has been found
under the bark of Sweet Gum, Oak, Magnolia and Birch.
The winged condition has been much more frequently found
under bark of deciduous trees, but this is not a rule.

The species is widely distributed over the southeastern
United States, but has not as yet been secured on the Florida
Keys. Its northern boundary on the Atlantic coast is the
Fall line. The most northern records are Raleigh, North
Carolina ; Vienna, Georgia ; Montgomery, Alabama, and Ar-
cadia, Louisiana. The northwestern limits are Waco and
Bosque County, Texas.

10. Prolabia arachidis Yersin.

1860. Forficula arachidis Yersin, Ann. Soc. Ent. France. (3), VIII,
p. 509, pi. X, figs. 33 to 35. [[Adventive at] Marseilles, France.]

1900. Labia burgessi Henshaw, (not of Scudder, 1876), Psyche, IX,
p. 119. [[Adventive at] Boston, Massachusetts.] (First United
States adventive material.)

1911. Labia arachidis Burr, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXVIII, p.
453. [From ship at San Francisco from India.]

1913. Prolabia arachidis Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLJV, p.
598. [Adventive at San Francisco, California, and Brighton, Massa-
chusetts; Aiken, Florida.] (First United States established record.)

Texas: Brownsville, VI, (H. F. Wickham), 1$, [Hebard Cln.].
The present domiciliary insect is known from the United
States only from the above record and references, excepting
the series taken by Rehn and Hebard, at Homestead, Florida.

9 This specimen is very pale in general coloration.

10 All these, and the Greenville specimen, have fully developed
wings. In the series from Georgia and Florida, this condition is very
rare; represented in but 6, of 271 specimens examined.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 321

CHELISOCHINAE.

11. .Chelisoches mono (Fabricius).

1775. F[orficula] morio Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 270. [Tahiti.]
1907. Chelisoches morio Caudell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XV, p. 169.
[Menlo Park, California.] (First United States record.)

California: Alameda County, (R. Hunt; on bananas from Hawaii),
i <5, [Hebard Cln.].

Though the specimen here recorded is adventive, the spe-
cies has become established at Menlo Park, California. It is
widely distributed through the Papuan and Indo-Malaysian
regions.

FORFICULIDAE.

FORFICULINAE.

12. Doru lineare (Eschscholtz).

1827. Forficula linearis Eschscholtz, Entomogr., p. Si. [Santa Cath-
arina, Brazil.]

1865. F[orficnla\ calif ornica Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXVI, p. 85.
[California.] (First United States record.)

1876. Forficula taeniata Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.,
II, p. 255. [Exotic localities; Arizona; Texas.]

1876. Forficula exilis Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII,
p. 262. [Texas.]

1900. All these specific names referred to Apterygida by Bormans.
Das Tierreich, II, pp. no and in.

1911. Doru exile Burr, Gen. Ins., Fasc. 122, Dermapt, p. 79. [Ex-
otic; southern United States.]

191 1. Doru lineare Burr, (in part), ibid., p. 79. [Exotic; Southern
United States.]

1914. Doru lineare Rehn and Hebard, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.. XXII,
p. 90, figs, i to 4. (Synonymy; general diagnosis; records.)

Arizona: San Xavier, Pima County, VII, 24, 1916. (Lutz & Rehn;
attracted to light), i <$ , [A. M. N. H.] ; Palo Alto Rancho, Altar
Valley, about 3000 feet, X, 10, 1910, (M. Hebard; moderate numbers
in bunches of coarse green grass, in meadow near wash), 8$, 3?,
[Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.] ; Sycamore Canon, Baboquivari Moun-
tains, about 3700 feet, X, 6, 1910, (Rehn and Hebard; attracted to
light), i 9, [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].

The insect is usually found in rank grasses. It frequently
appears at night at light.

In the United States, the species is known only from about
Brownsville, Texas, generally over the Tucson region in

322 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

Arizona and from southern California. It is widely distri-
buted southward over the American continent as far as the
Misiones, Argentina. In the West Indies it is known only
from Cuba.

13. Doru aculeatum (Scudder).

1862. Forficitla aculeata Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII,
p. 262. (In part.) [New York; northern Illinois; southern Michi-
gan.11]

1900. Apterygida luteipennis Bormans, (in part not Forficula lutci-
pennis Serville, 1839), Das Tierreich, II, p. 118. [New York.]

1910. Doru linear -e Burr, (in part not Forficula linearis Eschscholtz,
1827), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXVIII, p. 464. (Name assignment
without material at hand.)

1914. Doru aculeatum Rehn and Hebard, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
XXII, p. 93, figs. 5 and 7. (General diagnosis, measurements, records.)

Alabama: Mobile, VIII, 27, 1915, (Rehn & Hebard; moderately
common in cane, high weeds and cat-tails in swamp on edge of
Mobile Bay), 2 $ , 12$, 8 juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].

Louisiana: Harahan, Jefferson Parish, VIII, 7, 1915, (Rehn &
Hebard; beaten from high grasses beside road), i$, [Hebard Cln.];
Morgan City, La., VIII, 8, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard; beaten from
grasses and plants in swamp), 3$, (wings fully developed) [Hebard
Cln. and A. N. S. P.]

The specimens from Morgan City are the first of a macropterous
condition to be found in the present species.

This insect is usually found in high grasses. It is difficult
to locate.

The distribution of this species covers the Mississippi Val-
ley, not extending west of the line of semi-aridity. It is
known northwestward to eastern Nebraska, northward to
southern Michigan, New York and Snake Hill, New Jersey.
Though apparently common in the southern Appalachians, it
apparently does not occur southeastward of that region.
We believe the species will be found on the Gulf coast from
western Florida to eastern Texas.

14. Doru davisi Rehn and Hebard.

1914. Doru davisi Rehn and Hebard, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXII, p.
95, figs. 6 and 8. [South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Florida.]

11 The specimen recorded from Cuba, with a query, represents Doru
lincare.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 323

This striking species is still known only from the series
originally studied, taken on the lake shore on low tangled
vegetation between the water and a thick growth of Cus-
tard-apple trees.

15. Forficula auricularia Linnaeus.

1758. F[orficiila]anricularia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, I, p. 423
[Europe.]

1853. Forficula auricularia Fieber, Lotos, III, p. 254. [Exotic record;
America.] (First American record.)

Rhode Island: Kingston, XII, 6, 1912, (A. E. Steene), i$, i?, [U.
S. N. M.]; Newport, late VI, 1914, (R. W. Glaser), 5 juv., [A. N. S.
P. and Hebard CIn.].

This insect has been previously reported from the United
States from adventive material. It has recently become
permanently established in New England, the species appear-
ing in great numbers out of doors at Newport, Rhode Island.

In addition to the species considered above, a specimen of
Spandc.v pcrcheron (Guerin and Percheron), adventive in
Massachusetts, was first described as Spongophom bipunctata
by Scudder, then recorded as Forficula pcrcheroni by Scud-
der and later as Psalis pcrcheroni by Caudell.

Some North American Anthomyiidae (Dipt.).

By O. A. JOHANNSEN, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Since the appearance of my paper on New Eastern An-
thomyiidae* I have noted several novelties, among them the
male of Dialyta flavitibia which was kindly sent to me by Mr.
C. W. Johnson. The discovery of the male of this species con-
firms my generic determination. I have also found the male of
the Hylephila^ mentioned in my previous paper, which enables
me to give a description of the species.

Hammomyia paludis n. sp.

$ . — Length 5-6 mm. Head black, silvery gray pruinose with black-
reflections ; in profile the genae are about 0.4, the buccae about 0.6, the

*Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLII : 385.

^Hylcphila appears to be preoccupied in Lepidoptera. The genus
may be merged with Hammomyia as has already been done by Stein.

324 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'l/

width of one eye; about 8 setae on each side of the front; four or five
incurved setae below vibrissae, setae on the lower part of the buccae
long and fine, though sparse. Face concave in profile, oral margin
distinct; antennae black, third segment nearly twice as long as the
second, not reaching the oral margin by a distance of over half the
length of this segment; arista noticeably thickened at the base, short
pubescent to the tip. Frontal stripe dull black, at the narrowest point
but little broader than the diameter of the anterior ocellus; orbits gray
pruinose, each at the narrowest point over half as wide as the frontal
stripe in the same section ; proboscis and palpi fuscous.

Thorax black, brownish gray pruinose, with three black vittae, the
laterals on line with the dorso-central setae. Inner d. c. (acrostichals)
small, in two rows; d. c. 2+3; st. 1+2, long; "pra" fine, about a
third as long as the following seta. Scutellum with a pair of strong
basals, strong subapicals, small apicals, slender discals, besides some
finer discal hairs; pubescence of the lower surface restricted to a few
fine pale hairs.

Abdomen gray pruinose, each segment more fuscous at the base and
with a median fuscous line narrowing at the posterior margin. The
abdomen is more or less cylindrical, wedge-shaped posteriorly, each
segment with long slender setulae both dorsally and ventrally, dorsal
marginal setae distinctly stronger than the discal setulae; fifth sternite
with a wide and deep triangular notch similar to that figured by
Schnabl and Dziedzicki for H. janozvskii (PI. 26, fig. 691). The hypo-
pygium closely resembles that of H. uniliiieata as figured by these
authors on plate 5, figs. 79, 80.

Legs black, gray pruinose; femora with long fine setae, strongest
on the lateral surfaces of the hind pair; fore tibiae each with two
outer lateral extensor setae ; middle tibiae each with five, one of which
is on the basal third on the posterior extensor side, the others, nearly
on a level beyond the middle, one anterior, one posterior, one outer,
and one inner seta; hind tibiae each with two or more outer lateral
flexor, four large outer extensor, three large posterior extensor, and
five or more fine inner flexor, setae. Tarsal claws long, setulose at the
base, about as long as the pulvilli.

Wings brownish gray hyaline, veins brown; costal spines small but
distinct; veins R 4+5 and M 1+2 parallel or very slightly converging
at the tip; extreme tip of R 4+5 slightly reflexed ; R I ends opposite
the r-m crossvein; m-cu crossvein slightly sinuous, perpendicular to
Cui; penultimate section of M 1+2 is about two-thirds as long as
the ultimate section. Squamae yellow-tinged, upper one covers the
lower; halteres dark yellowish.

9 . — Like the male, except that the antennae are a little shorter ;
the lower posterior sterno-pleural seta is much shorter than the upper;
"pra" about half as long as the following seta. Setulae of the abdomen

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 325

stout, but not as long as in the male. Apex of the ovipositor with the
upcurved spines characteristic of the females of this genus. Hind
tibiae lack the fine setae of the inner flexor surface. Last section of
M 1+2 only about a fifth or a fourth shorter than the penultimate.
The size is quite variable, ranging from 4 to 7 mm. in length.

Type (male) from Melrose Highlands, Massachusetts, in
my collection. Paratypes from Melrose Highlands, Massachu-
setts, and Ithaca, New York, Melrose Highlands Laboratory
and Cornell University collections. April and May.

Some specimens in Dr. J. M. Aldrich's collection from La-
fayette, Indiana, differ only in having a much larger "pra,"
in having numerous setulae among the acrostichals, and more
abundant and larger setulae upon thorax and abdomen.
This species differs from H. maculata St., in the chaetotaxy
tif the legs and in the structure of the hypopygium of the
male; from H. anilincata it differs in having narrower genae,
in the form of the fifth sternite and in size. H. maculata has
not yet been taken in New York ; my previous reference to
it should be applied to H . palndis.

PROSALPIA.

This genus resembles Hammomyia and Hylephila in hav-
ing an elongate anal vein, a pilose lower surface of the scutel-
lum, and narrow front in both sexes, but differs from the
former in having a bare or pubescent arista and from both
in not having the head inflated. The two species recorded
from North America in Aldrich's catalogue may be distin-
guished as follows.

a. Thorax and abdomen shining black, without pruinosity. Female.

at- date Walker.
aa. Thorax brownish gray with darker vittae; opaque.

sih'cstris Fall.

There is a female specimen in the Cornell University col-
lection from Truro, Nova Scotia, of the second species which
I cannot distinguish from my European specimen. Walker
(List, IV) described three species from Canada, which Stein,
with a slight doubt in each case, considers syimnvmous with
syh'cstris. A study of the descriptions reveals but trifling
differences.

326 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

LISPOCEPHALA.

The species of this anomalous genus were formerly group-
ed with Cocnosia to which they bear a striking resemblance
in the arrangement of the sterno-pleural setae, setae of the
posterior tibiae, wing venation, and in the spotted abdomen.
The genus is now placed among the Limnophorinae. The
front is broad in both sexes as in Lispa, and the fulcrum ot
the hypopygium of the male is directed forward. The spe-
cies thus far known to occur in the United States may be
separated as follows.

a. Crossvein not clouded.

b. Middle tibia with a bristle on the anterior side; costal spine pres-
ent; wing with a brownish tinge. Ohio, New Hampshire,

verna Fabr.

bb. Middle tibia with no seta on the anterior side ; costal spine not
distinct.

c. Wing of the male milky white. Many localities in the United
States. .. .erythrocera R. D. (= lactcipennis Zett. IV, 1722).
cc. Wing of the male grayish hyaline. Massachusetts,

var. of erythrocera .'

aa. Crossveins clouded; middle tibia with no seta on the anterior side.
Orono, Maine alma Meigen, var. pallipalpis Zett. (b).

There is another lactcipennis Zett. (IV. 1586), a species
not yet recorded from the United States, which should not b'j
confused with L. erythrocera (== lactcipennis Zett., IV. 1722).
The former species is now. placed in Dc.viopsis, a Coenosine
genus. Specimens of L. alma were taken at Orono, Maine, in
October. I have referred these specimens to var. pallipalpis
Zett. (b) because the abdomen is but faintly translucent at
the base and at the apical margins of the first and second
segments.

Limnophora torreyae Joh.

In the original description of this species a misprint occurs.
The post sutural d.c. setae are four and not three in number.
In some specimens the orbits are not quite contiguous, being
separated by a slender frontal line.
Mydaea pectinata Joh.

Tn the original description of this species, fourth line from
the top. page 393, substitute for the words "tibia with a row''
lhc words "tibia with an irregular double row."

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 327

Phaonia nigricans Joh.

The genus Phaonia, as at present defined by recent European
workers, is distinguished from Mydaca by the presence of a
seta on the posterior median extensor surface. If this inter-
pretation be adopted the specific name noted above which I
assigned to one of our New York species need cause no con-
fusion. If, however, the emphasis be placed upon the presence
or absence of the pilosity of the eyes, redistributing the
species into the two groups corresponding to the genera
Hyetodesia and Spilogaster, then the name nigricans becomes
a homonym, having been assigned to another species by Stein
in 1897. For the benefit of those who prefer the latter group-
ing of species I suggest that the name cayugae be adopted
to replace my nigricans.

An additional locality record for this species is McLean,
Tompkins County, New York.

Dialyta flavitibia Joh.

$ . — Like the female except that it is a trifle smaller (6 mm.); the
front is about as wide as one eye, somewhat narrowing at the base of
the antennae; buccae narrower and antennae longer and broader than
in the female; orbits about half as wide as the frontal stripe at the
lower ocellus. Abdominal setae longer and stouter than in the female ;
five pairs of marginal setae on each of segments two and three and
six pairs on the fourth, five pairs of discals on the third and fourth
segments; all sternites visible. Femoral setae stronger and more nu-
merous; tibial setae as in the female except that those of the hind legs
on the outer lateral flexor side are more uniform in size. Crossveins
only faintly tinged; one large costal spine; R 4+5 more arched up-
ward. The hypopygium somewhat resembles that of D. atriccps as
figured by Schnabl and Dziedzicki (PI. 21, figs. 555, 556). In our
species, however, the fulcrum has, in addition to the laterals, a small
median tubercle on the ventral side; the inferior forceps are stouter,
and the superior forceps are quite different, being deeply cleft, re-
sembling those shown in fig. 493 (PI. 19), but with the median angles
rounded, not produced. The fifth sternite differs but little from that
figured for D. atriccps.

This specimen was taken at Danbury, Connecticut, in Tune,
and sent to me by Mr. C. W. Johnson. There is a female
specimen in the Cornell Collection from Ohio, and Mr. John-
son writes me that the species also occurs in Pennsylvania
and Ontario.

328 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'l/

New Species of Lepidoptera.

By HENRY SKINNER.

Argynnis californica n. sp.

$ . This species is paler in color than its related forms and has a
faded or washed out appearance in comparison with its relatives.
In size it is smaller than snydcri which it resembles in markings. It is
about the same size as calippe Bd. and juba Bd. but is larger than
coronis Behr. It can be at once separated from calippe by its much
lighter color and from juba by the much duller color of the buff band
on the underside of the secondaries. Both sexes are heavily silvered
beneath.

9 • Quite similar to the male in color and markings.

The male expands 56 mm. and the female 58 mm.

Described from fifteen specimens from California, the type
and paratypes were taken by Mr. J. G. Grundel at Alma,
Santa Clara County.

I would not have ventured describing this species without
a good figure if it had not been already well figured by Mr.
W. H. Edwards under the name coronis, in his Butterflies of
North America, vol. 3, pi. 4 of Argynnis. A number of years
ago I compared specimens of my own with the type of coronis
Behr in the Strecker collection. Due to Mr. Edwards' figurt
of this species it has been accepted as coronis and snyderi, a
related species, has been considered by some persons a variety
of coronis. The true coronis is very close to jnba and calippe.

Melitaea arida n. sp.

Upperside. Primaries dull fulvous marked with a series of small
spots crossing the wing from the costa to the interior margin. The
submarginal row is almost obsolete, the central spot being a crescent;
the next row consists of three larger spots beyond the cell and two
below, the last one small and hour-glass in shape ; the last row con-
sists of one spot near the end of the discal cell and one spot directly
below it.

Secondaries same color as primaries with three rows of spots
crossing the wing from the costa to the interior margin. The sub-
marginal row consists of seven, narrow, minute yellowish crescents;
the next row is composed of six minute black spots edged on the
inner side by dull yellow; the next row is a curved line of minute
yellowish spots; there is a yellow linear spot in the cell.

Underside. The primaries have a marginal border composed of
brown and yellowish spots; the limbal area is marked by spots of two
shades of fulvous.

The secondaries have a submarginal row of crescents, two near the
costa and one at the lower third; the next row consists of five small
black dots, the lower one very minute; the basal area is made up of
several rows of spots semi-silvered.

Expanse 26-30 mm.

Type and paratype. Two specimens marked Cochise Co.,

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 329

Arizona, May. Received from Mr. F. Haimbach without
more definite locality.

This species is close to vesta Edw. but the markings are
much fainter and different in color, those of vesta being
orange-fulvous. The characteristic row of orange fulvous
spots so conspicuous in vesta is replaced in arida by a faint line
of spots. The silvered spots on the underside of the second-
aries are also characteristic.

Erythroecia hebardi n. sp.

In volume nine of Sir George Hampson's Catalogue of the
Lepidoptera Phalaenae, p. 57, there is erected the new genus
Erythroecia with the type species siiav-is H. Edwards. He de-
scribes a new species under the name rhodophora which is
figured on plate 138, no. 4. The type locality given is Capitillo,
Guatemala.

Last summer Mr. Morgan Hebard captured a species of
Erythroecia at Hot Springs, Virginia, August I5th, at light,
two perfect male specimens.

This appears to be a much more robust species than
rhodophora and the primaries are much more obscured by red
(crimson) and the ground color of the wings is yellow, almost
orange. The orbicular and reniform do not show as in
Hampson's figure. The Virginia species expands 34 mm.

It is possible that this may be a very good species, a topo-
morph or only a variety of rhodophora but additional material
ir. needed to establish their true relationship. If they are
the same species the distribution as at present known appears
very strange.

Autographa olivacea n. sp.

$ . Head and thorax gray mixed with white hairs; tegulae gray;
thoracic crest gray-white at tips; abdomen and legs gray; crests
brown tipped with gray. Fore wing grey tinged with whitish olive,
the medial area below the cell shining dark olive, extending from
the apex and covering the outer third of the wing and extending
two-thirds the distance to the inner margin ; orbicular faintly indicated
and not silvered; a very small silver stigma, linear and having a faint
incurved point at the outer end; hind wing with a greenish tinge.
Expanse 39 mm.

Type one specimen sent to me by Mr. Eugene O. Mur-
mann, taken at Los Angeles, California, August, 1916.

This species resembles anipla Walk, but may be readily
differentiated by the olive shade of the outer half of the
primary wing.

The types of these species are in the collection of The
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JULY, 1917.

Insects and War.

Unfortunately the lessons of the past have not been sufficient-
ly taken to heart and at the present time we are confronted with
the grim destroyer in many forms. Every soldier thinks he
will be one of the fortunate individuals and escape some death-
dealing missile, but he is much more likely to be the victim of
some low and minute form of either animal or vegetable or-
ganism.

In spite of the great advance of modern science and knowl-
edge gained, its practical application is relatively very defec-
tive and inefficient. The mind of the medical profession runs
largely to therapeutics — the application of drugs to the cure
of disease, but unfortunately remedial measures can't compare
in value with preventive medicine. The sick soldier is a
distinct loss as a fighting unit and is a menace and expense to
the Government as he needs hospitals, doctors, nurses and
medicines.

A few references to the past may enlighten the thoughtful.
During the Civil War, on the Union side, 93,369 soldiers were
killed and 186,216 died from disease. In the Crimean War
4,602 were killed and 17,580 died victims of disease. A re-
markable example of mortality from disease and low death
rate from wounds is shown by the figures from the French
Expedition to Madagascar in 1894, 29 being killed and 7,000
dying from disease. In the Spanish-American War only 454
Americans were killed and 5,277 died from disease, mostly
typhoid fever carried by house-flies. A more specific instance
of disease morbidity and mortality is shown by what happened
to the First Pennsylvania Infantry in 1898. There were 792
men in the regiment and 169 cases of typhoid fever and twelve
deaths. In many of the camps in this country and Cuba men
were compelled to walk through, human excrement to get to the
latrines, and the food in the mess tents was black with flies.
The mouths of the sick soldiers in the hospitals and hospital

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 331

tents could not be seen for house-flies, and these insects were
sucking the juices from the lips of unconscious soldiers and
many of these sick men were brought to Philadelphia by the
car-load.

Insects are responsible entirely or in large part for the trans-
mission of typhoid fever, typhus fever, malaria, yellow fever
and tuberculosis and many lesser forms of disease.

Strange to say, the persons most keenly alive to these condi-
tions and the persons who are meeting and trying to prevent
these things are the mothers of the young men being trained for
war.

So far as we are aware the Government has done very
little to prevent a recurrence of this dreadful sacrifice of life.
There will be plenty of medical men to look after the small
ills incident to camp life, but will the expert and capable men be
there to guard against disease? It has been suggested that a
medical entomologist should be stationed at each concentration
camp, a most important matter, as sanitation and preventive
measures greatly exceed drug therapeutics in importance. \Ye
sincerely hope that the present war will not show the dread-
ful mortality from disease exhibited in the wars of the past.—
HENRY SKINNER.

The second report of the Emergency Entomological Service of the
United States Department of Agriculture, to which we called atten-
tion in the NEWS for June, page 283, has appeared, dated June i, 1917.
in 19 mimeographed pages. It announces the establishment, as an emer-
gency measure, of a distinct section or branch of the Bureau of En-
tomology, that of "Stored Product Insect Investigations," of which
Dr. E. A. Back has been put in charge. Plans for the use of the Boy
Scout organization to report insect injuries and to spray infested small
gardens are being developed. There are reports of insect injuries as
in the first report; 3^2 pages arc devoted to a consideration of the
"acute situation [which] appears to exist as to the supply of arsenical
insecticides in this country." It is stated that "The Council of Na-
tional Defense is still considering the plans for the utilization of
entomologists in the war. The present plan of the Council provides
for a corps of entomologists to be coordinate with the corps of sani-
tarians. This subject is also being considered by the Chief of Bureau
and the Surgeon General of the Army Medical Corps."

332 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.. AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

3 — The American Naturalist. 4 — The Canadian Entomologist.
5 — Psyche. 11 — Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London.
37 — Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 50 — Proceedings, U. S.
National Museum. 102 — Proceedings, Entomological Society of
Washington. 141 — Proceedings, Indiana Academy of Sciences, In-
dianapolis. 143 — Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 153 —
Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. 161
—Proceedings, Biological Society of Washington. 184 — Journal of
Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 195 — Bulletin, Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. 198 — Biological Bulletin, Ma-
rine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 238 — Annales,
Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires. 263 — Proceedings of
the Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu. 335 — Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections. 373 — Contributions to the Natural His-
tory of the Lepidoptera of North America, by Wm. Barnes and
J. H. McDunnough, Decatur, 111. 392 — The Irish Naturalist, Dub-
lin. 411 — Bulletin, The Brooklyn Entomological Society. 420 —
Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus: A monthly journal of entomology,
Washington. 537 — Proceedings, Entomological Society of Nova
Scotia, Truro. 538 — Lorquinia, Los Angeles. 540 — The Lepidop-
terist. Official Bulletin, Boston Entomological Club. 547 — Journal,
The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Banks, N. — Index to the literature of
American economic entomology, Jan. 1, 1905, to Dec. 31, 1914 (323
pp.). [Pub. Am. Assoc. EC. Ent., Melrose Highlands, Mass.].
Berlese, A. — Gli insetti loro organizzazione, sviluppo, abitudini e
rapporti coll'uomo (II, fasc. 13-16). Bethune, C. J. S. — The insect
collections of Canada. I. The collections of the entomological so-
ciety of Ontario, 4, 1917, 153-7. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Sunflower
insects in Virginia and Connecticut, 4, 1917, 212. Descriptions of
fossil insects [2 new], 161, xxx, 79-82. Dahlgren, U. — The pro-

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 333

duction of light by animals. III. Worms, crustaceans and lower
insects (99 pp. reprint), 547, May-Jan., 1916-17. DeWolfe, L. A.—
How to collect and preserve insects, 537, 1916, 12-15. Howard,
Schwarz & Busck — A biographical and bibliographical sketch of
Otto Heidemann, 102, xviii, 203-5. Mclndoo, N. E. — Recognition
among insects, 335, Ixviii, No. 2, 78 pp. Pierce, W. D. — Notes on a
southern trip, 102, xviii, 206-7. Provancher — Biographical note by
C. V. A. Huard, 37, xliii, 145-52. Slosson, A. T.— Experiences of a
collector, 411, xii, 25-9.

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Foot & Strobell— Re-
sults of crossing Euschistus variolaris and E. ictericus with refer-
ence to the inheritance of two exclusively male characters, 198,
xxxii, 322-42. Hyde, R. R. — On the change that takes place in the
chromosomes in mutating stocks, 141, 1915, 339-44. Jennings, H. S.
—Modifying factors and multiple alleomorphs in relation to the
results of selection, 3, li, 301-6. Macdowell, E. C. — Bristle inheri-
tance in Drosophila, 184, xxiii, 109-146. Painter, T. S. — A wing
mutation in Piophila casei, 3, li, 306-8. Patterson, J. T. — Studies
on the biology of Paracopidosomopsis, 198, xxxii, 291-305.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Hood, J. D.— An annotated list of the
Thysanoptera of Plummer's Island, Md., 420, v, 53-65. Howe, R.
H. — Distributional notes on New England Odonata, 5, xxiv, 45-53.
Walker, E. M. — Seasonal irregularities in the occurrence of dra-
gonflies, 4, 1917, 171-8.

Kennedy, C. H. — Notes on the life history and ecology of the
dragonflies of central California and Nevada [several n. gen. and
sps.], 50, Hi, 483-635.

ORTHOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.— Color dimorphism in Schisto-
cerca damnifica; The habitat of Doru aculeatum, 102, xviii, 216-17.
Crampton, G. C. — A comparison of the antennae of the Grylloblat-
tidae and Embiidae to demonstrate the relationship of these two
groups of insects, 4, 1917, 213-17. Gooderham, C. B. — The Acrididae
of Nova Scotia, 537, 1916, 21-30. Illingworth, J. F.— Regeneration
in cockroaches, 263, iii, 266.

HEMIPTERA. Drake, C. J.— New and noteworthy Tingidae
from the United States [3 new], 143, xvii, 213-16. Gibson, E. H.—
Three n. sps. of Jassoidea from Missouri; Two n. sps. of Dicyphus
from Porto Rico, 4, 1917, 183-4; 218-19. Gillette, C. P.— Two new
aphid genera and some new species, 4, 1917, T.t:i-'.)s. Heidemann, O.
-Two n. sps. of lace-bugs, 102, xviii, 217-9.

LEPIDOPTERA. Brethes, J.— Estudio tito-zoologico sobre al-
gunos lepidopteros argentinos productores de agallas, 238, l.xxxii,
113-40. Dyar, H. G. — Seven new Pyralids from British Guiana.

334 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'i/

420, v, 88-92. Forbes, W. T. M. — Notes on West Indian Syntomi-
dae and Arctiidae, 153, xxxvii, 339-45. Hampton, G. F. — Descrip-
tions of new Pyralidae of the subfamilies Hydrocampinae, Scopari-
anae, etc., 11, xix, 361-76 (cont.). Marchand, W. — The specific differ-
ences between Apantesis nais, A. vittata and A. phalerata, 5, xxiv,
59-60. May, R. M. — The life history of a swallowtail butterfly
(Papilio zolicaon), 538, i, 77-9.

Barnes & McDunnough — A revision of the genus Hydriomena
[8 new], 373, iv, 1-59. Dyar, H. G. — Miscellaneous new American
L. [8 new]; Notes on No.^Am. Pyraustinae [6 new]; Notes on No.
Am. Nymphulinae [7 new]; Notes on No. Am. Schoenobiinae [10
new]; Seven new Crambicls from the United States, 420, v, 65-87.
Pearsall, R. F. — Synchlora avidaria n. sp., 411, xii, 34-5. Swett, L.
W. — New Geometrids [2 new], 540, i, 45-8.

DIPTERA. Elwyn, A. — Effect of humidity on pupal duration
and on pupal mortality of Drosophila ampelophila, 153, xxxvii, .347-
53. Gibson, A. — The occurrence of Eumerus strigatus in Canada,

4, 1917, 190-1. Ludlow, C. S. — Cycloleppteron [new localities for],

5, xxiv, 53. Snyder, T. E. — Notes on horseflies as a pest in southern
Florida, 102, xviii, 208-10.

Alexander, C. P. — New nearctic crane flies, III. [11 new], 4, 1917,
199-211. Hine, J. S. — Descriptions of North American Tabanidae
[5 new], 143, xvii, 269-71. Malloch, J. R. — A key to the No. Amer-
ican genera of Coenosiinae [1 new g., 1 n. sp.] ; A new gen. and
sp. of Anthomyiidae, 411, xii, 35-7; 37-8. Parker, R. R. — A new
Sarcophaga from New York, 4, 1917, 157-61. Smith, H. E.— Notes
on New England Tachinidae, with the description of one n. gen.
and two n. sps., 5, xxiv, 54-8. Van Duzee, M. C. — Descriptions of
a few new Diaphorus from the western states [7 new], 5, xxiv, 33.

COLEOPTERA. Chapin, E. A.— Miscellaneous notes on C, 411,
xii, 29-31. Schaeffer, C. — Notes on a few Eucnemidae and descrip-
tions of new Elateridae [5 new], 411, xii, 39-44. Schwarz, E. A.—
Rhizobius not Rhyzobius, 102, xviii, 214.

Fall, H. C. — New Coleoptera. — VI. [9 new]. 4, 1917, 163-71.
Fisher, W. S. — A new sp. of Xylotrechus, 102, xviii, 214-16.

HYMENOPTERA. Chapais, J. C.— Quelques notes sur le "ver
limace du poirier," 37, xliii, 153-6. Scharff, R. F. — Should wasps be
killed? 392, 1917, 88. Schwarz, E. A. — Ants protecting acacia trees
in Central America, 102, xviii, 211-12. Stohr, L. M. — An interesting
case of instinct, 4, 1917, 161-3. Turner, R. E. — Notes on fossorial
H. On new species in the British Museum, 11, xix, 317-26.

Banks, N.— New fossorial H. [28 new], 195, Ixi, 97-115. Felt, E.
P. — Two new sawflies. 4, 1917, 191-2. Gahan, A. B. — Descriptions of
some new parasitic H. [2 n. g.; 26 n. sps.], 50, liii, 195-217. Girault,
A. A. — The North American species of Habrocytus [6 new], 4, 1917,
178-82. Myers, P. R. — An American species of the hymenopterous
genus Wesmaelia, 50, liii, 293-94. Rohwer, S. A. — A report on a
collection of H. (mostly from California) made by W. M. Giffard
[15 new], 50, liii, 233-49. A nearctic species of Dolichurus; Diprion
simile in No. America, 102, xviii, 212-14.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 335

OBITUARY NOTES.

[We have brought together, from various sources, published during
the last year, the following data on entomologists who have recently
passed away.]

A brief note in Science for February 2, 1911 (page 112)
announced the death of JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ, of Guatemala
City, on December 22, 1916. Thanks to Mr. William Schaus,
we have received a typewritten copy of an obituary notice in
El Diario dc Centra- America (Guatemala), for December 22,
1916, from which we translate the following:

Don Juan J. Rodriguez Luna, who was born in 1840 and
who consequently died at the advanced age of 76 years, had
shown already in his early youth his love for this class of
studies [zoology] and his competence in dealing with them.
As was the custom in that period, he began his education in
the College of the Seminary and has left us interesting notes
of the awakening of his scientific inclinations. In the Semi-
nary there existed no provision for the natural sciences, but
he already observed with attention the life of insects, their
metamorphoses and habits, and toward the end of his stay in
the college, Father Farias, to stimulate his inclinations, lent
him a very elementary book from the library. Another
Father, notwithstanding, counselled him not to devote much
time to this occupation because "he who looks much at the
earth does not look to heaven." This did not hinder the
young lover of nature from continuing his studies, which
must have been well advanced in 1864, when the Sociedad
Kconomica de Amigos de Guatemala, founding the National
Museum in that year, confided to him the zoological section.

In 1867 he was admitted as an advocate, a profession which
he never practiced, and his father, don Jose Mariano Rod-
riguez, arranged that he should undertake a voyage to Eu-
rope. So the son made his first visit to the Old World in
1868. In Paris and especially in Belgium he cultivated the
friendship of men of science working in zoology and chiefly
in entomology and, with a great fund of new information,
returned to Guatemala in 1869. The museum of the Economic

33^ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 'l/

Society gained much by this voyage and in 1874 already
possessed 786 specimens of birds alone, of 455 different
species, all from Guatemala, exactly classified by Sefior
Rodriguez.

In 1878 and 1887 Sefior Rodriguez Luna made two more
voyages to Europe and in both obtained many things useful
for his country and for the sciences of his specialty.

One of the benefits which Guatemala owes to him is the
introduction of species new to the country. He introduced
tubers and seeds of plants which today are abundant in our
gardens; in 1865 he propagated Eucalyptus globulus, the first
seeds of \vhich were sent him by the distinguished Belgian
naturalist, Dr. Candeze ; in 1878 he sent home from Belgium
various plants of Liberian coffee, subsequently acclimated,
and propagated here the two existing species of Bougainvillca
and various fruits and flowers. A distinguished agriculturist,
he cultivated sugar-cane and coffee, improving both by care-
ful and intelligent selection. He exported quinine on a large
scale and many other native products. For this reason, at
the International Exposition at Paris in 1900, he obtained the
greatest number of prizes awarded to any single agriculturist
and received the cross of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor.

A great quantity and variety of scientific, historical and
literary work flowed from his pen, which were published
in the periodicals and reviews of Central America and of
Europe during fifty years, so that he became a member of the
Zoological and Acclimatization Societies of France, the En-
tomological and Malacological Societies of Belgium, the So-
ciety of Sciences of Liege, the Aragonese Society of Natural
Sciences, etc.

He was Minister of Fomento [Promotion of Industry, etc.]
and an important member of the commissions of all of our
national expositions.

It is due to his country, and at the same time to honor its
distinguished son, to preserve and employ usefully the re-
sults of his long and laborious life. To no one more than to
the Nation belongs the right of acquiring the zoological mus-

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 337

eum and library of the learned naturalist, the best of its
kind which exists in Guatemala.

An obituary notice of Senor Rodriguez is also to be found
in The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (London) for
March, 1917, written by Mr. G. C. Champion, who contri-
butes some additional items based on personal acquaintance.
The indebtedness of the Biologia Centrali- Americana to Rod-
riguez for Coleoptera and incidentally other insects is ac-
knowledged in the Introductory Volume of that work (page
44). De Selys received from him the types of Anisagrion
allopterum (Odonata) and Candeze many Elateridae.

The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine for March, 1917, con-
tains also obituary notices of CHARLES OWEN WATERHOUSE,
born at Bloomsbury, London, June 19, 1843, died at Acton,
February 4, 1917, and of J. PLATT BARRETT, born near Mars-
den, Huddersfield, England, June 29, 1838, died December
27, 1916.

Waterhouse's father, G. R. Waterhouse, once keeper of
Geology in the British Museum, and his brothers, E. A. and
F. Waterhouse, all had entomological interests. C. O. Water-
house was an Assistant and Keeper in the Entomological De-
partment of the British Museum from 1866 to 1910, and was
chiefly interested in the Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, his
main work being on the Buprestidae in the Biologia Centrali-
Americana. His Aid to the Identification of Insects, two
volumes of colored plates, is well known. He was President
of the Entomological Society of London, 1907-08.

J. P. Barrett was for fifty-three years an instructor in
institutions for the deaf and dumb. His interests were mainly
in the Macrolepidoptera of Britain and of Sicily and he was
one of the founders of the South London Entomological and
Natural History Society.

CHARLES ADOLPHUS BRIGGS, known for his work on
British Lepidoptera, Neuroptera (sensu Linnaei) and
Orthoptera, born May 26, 1849, died October 17, 1916. (En-
tom., January, 1917).

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, '17

ARTHUR E. GIBBS, who had in recent years "made a con-
siderable collection of American Rhopalocera and for some
time past mainly occupied himself with the study of these in-
sects," died March 3, 1917, aged 58. He was a proprietor^-of
the Herts Advertiser and the St. Albans Times (England).
(Ent. Mo. Mag., April, 1917).

Dr. E. Bergroth contributes a brief note on DR. BERTIL
ROBERT POPPIUS, the Finnish entomologist, who died at
Copenhagen, November 27, 1916, aged 40 years. His most
important works are Monograph of the holarctic subgenm,
Cryobius (Carabidae) and Monograph of the Ethiopian Cap-
sidae (2 vols., 1912-1914). (Ent. Mo. Mag., Jan., 1917).

ROLAND TRIMEN, the distinguished author of South Afri-
can Butterflies, died as long ago as July 25, 1916, and his
decease should have received mention in an earlier number of
the News. He was born at Paddington, London, October 29,
1840. He spent the years 1860-1895 in South Africa, first
in the civil "service, then from 1873 as curator of the South
African Museum at Cape Town. His most important scientific
work was On some remarkable Mimetic Analogies among
African Butterflies (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxvi, 1869),
dealing with the females of Papilio mcrope (dardamis). He
was President of the Entomological Society of London in
1897 and 1898, his addresses on Mimicry and on Seasonal
Variation "being of special interest and value. In 1883 he
was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and received in
1910 the high distinction of the Darwin medal." (Ent. Mo.
Mag., Sept., 1916, Entom., Oct., 1916).

ORSON BENNETT JOHNSON, professor emeritus of Zoology
in the University of Washington, died March 9, 1917, aged
69, according to a note in Science for April 13 last. We have
previously mentioned (this volume, page 41) his gift of his
entomological collection to his University. A quarter of a
century ago we received Odonata from Seattle from him and
others also are indebted to him for material.

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OCTOBER, 1917.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXVIII. No. 8

Henry Shimer
J828-J895.

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRE9SON. J. A. G. REHN.

PHI/. IP t.AURKNT, ERICH DAKCKE. H. W. WKNZF.L.

PHILADELPHIA :

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
LOGAN SQUARE.

Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter.

ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate XXIV

i I1 '

SWARMS OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY -BERNHEIM.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXVIII.

OCTOBER, 1917.

No. 8.

CONTENTS:

Berrheirn— Swarms of Butterflies
(Lep.) 339

Cresson — Descriptions of new Genera
and Species of the Dipterous Fam-
ily Ephydridae — IV 340

Seamans — A new Species of Tropidia
(Syrphidae) from Montana (Dipt.) 342

Haseman— Sarcophaga haemorrhoida-
lis Larvae as Parasites of the Hu-
man Intestine ( Dipt.) 343

Lindsay— A List of Butterflies of Iowa 347

Medal Awarded for Entomological
Research 353

de la Torre Bueno— Life History of the
Northern Microvelia — Microvelia
borealis Bueno (Hem., Het.) 354

Hebard — A new Species of Myrmeco-
philous Blattid. (Orth. ; Blattidae ;
Corydiinae) 360

Cockerell — A Second Colletes with
Spotted Wings ( Hym. ) 363

Ainslie— Notes on the Construction of
the Cocoon of Praon (Hym., Bra-
conidae) 364

Green — A new Trichodes (Cleridae,
Coleop. ) 367

Crosby and Leonard — An Egg Para-
site of the Sumac Flea Beetle
(Hymen., Chalcid.) 368

Felt — Indian Gall Midges (Cecidomy-
iidae, Dipt. ) 369

Editorial — The Lack of Entomologists 373

Westcott — Stx Attraction Overcome by
Light Stimulation (Lep.. Col.) 374

Emergency Entomological Service 375

Entomological Literature 377

Doings of Societies — Ent. Sec., Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phila. (Lep., Orth.) 382

Feldman Collecting Social (Lep.,

Col.) 383

Amer. Ent. Soc. (Odonata) 383

Butterfly Club Organized in Los An-
geles 383

Obituary Notes— Rev. Octavius Pick-

ard-Cambridge 384

Mrs. Helen Grier LeConte 384

Corrections 384

Swarms of Butterflies (Lep.).
By JAMES L. BERNHEIM, Corporal, Band, Third U. S. Infantry.

(Plate XXIV.)

On September 4, 1916, and for several days following, near
Eagle Pass, Texas, the air was fairly alive with swarms of
Libythca bachmani (Snout butterfly), which were flying to-
ward the north. They occupied a strip about a mile wide east-
ward from the Rio Grande, in which region the vegetation is
most abundant.

They extended upward as far as the eye could reach, and,
borne by a mild breeze from the south, were moving quite
swiftly. During this time I made several collecting trips south
of Eagle Pass and at each step stirred up veritable clouds of
this interesting butterfly which immediately rose in the air and
started north. There were literally millions of them and many

339

340 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

of them had evidently completed their allotted span of life as
they were dropping from the air in large numbers.

One particular specimen flew past, almost brushing my face,

and, as I thought, alighted upon the ground. As I stooped to
examine it the wings suddenly folded down tightly in front of
the body and I picked the insect up quite dead.

Late in October, while collecting east of Eagle Pass, I came
upon a small pond upon the banks of which grew several quite
large mesquite trees. These trees were almost covered by
swarms of Monarchs (Anosia plexippus). They remained un-
til the following day, when nearly all of them left within an
hour or so.

Two days later the willows growing upon the bank of the
Rio Grande were the resting place for a still larger swarm,
some of which remained several days. I enclose a picture
showing one of the trees.

Descriptions of new Genera and Species of the Dip-
terous Family Ephydridae — IV.

By E. T. CRESSON, JR., Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia.

CEROPSILOPA n. gen.

A fairly well marked genus closely allied to Psilopa but evi-
dently distinct ; apparently belonging to a group containing the
oriental Rhynchopsilopa Hendel. The sub-pendent nature of
the antennae, with the second and third joints apparently sus-
pended from the exserted first, is very characteristic, as is also
the hair-like apical spine of the second joint. Psilopa loiuji-
cornis Meijere and several undescribed species from the Orient
also belong here or to allied genera.

Description. — Head broad and high. Eyes bare. Frons
broad with ocellar tubercle situated at the sharp vertex ; ocellar
bristles situated between the post-ocelli ; the proclinate orbitals
and generally the reclinate frontals present. Face narrowed
at middle, convex to nearly carinate, not excavated at anten-
nae; epistoma retreating. Antennae decumbent; second joint
without apical production, but with or without the hair-like

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 341

spine ; third long- and slender ; arista with long hairs above.
Mouth small ; clypeus exserted. Cheeks with distinct bristle.
Mesonotum strongly convex ; setulae distinctly seriated. Scu-
telluin normal. Wings with costa attaining fourth vein.
Genotype. — Ceropsilopa nasiita n. sp.

Ceropsilopa nasuta n. sp.

Black; second antennal joint, apical half of fore femora, entire fore
and middle tibiae, apical three-fourths of hind tibiae and all tarsi,
tawny. Haltercs white. Wings and veins yellow. Shining to polished,
with violet reflections on face and abdomen. No sculpturing on face.
Face strongly keeled on lower part, in profile most prominent at
middle. Antennae as long as face, first joint nearly as long as second,
second with very short spine, third four times as long as second with
very long arista. Length. — 3.75 mm.

Type. — 9 : Port of Spain, Trinidad (Ujhelyi). [Hungarian
Nat. Museum.] Paratypc. — i 9 ; topotypical.

Hydrellia tibialis n. sp.

Black; halteres white. Wings hyaline. Shining; frons opaque; face
and lunule white; mesonotum subopaque with brownish dust; pleura
and pectus opaque. Mesonotum with one pair of dorso-centrals situ-
ated near suture. Middle tibiae of male enlarged and thickened, as
broad as femora. Length. — 1.9 mm.

Type. — $ ; Moscow, Idaho, October 9, 1907 (J. M. Aldrich).
[A. N. S. P., No. 6141.] Paratypc. — i 9 ; topotypical.

Scatophila variabilis n. sp.

Black; halteres white. Wings faintly brownish becoming diluted in-
feriorly, with clear spots as follows : a large one in submarginal above
post. c. v. and one at apex of the cell, two in first posterior beyond post,
c. v., a large one each side of post. c. v., and one below apex of fifth
vein. Opaque, at most slightly shining, generally brownish- or grayish-
dusted. Frons greenish anteriorly. Face and cheeks densely white. Me-
sonotum with gray or greenish stripes as follows : two medianly, abbre-
viated posteriorly, one laterad of dorso-centrals, abbreviated anterior-
ly, and one on each lateral margin. Scutellum grayish with white api-
cal spot. Face with two or three bristles each side which are curved
dorso-laterally. Length. — 2 mm.

T\pe.— $ ; Berkeley Hills, Alameda County, California,
April n, Kjcx) ( K. T. Cresson, Jr.). | A. N. S. P., No. 6140.]
Paratypes. — 27 $ , 30 9 ; topotypical.

There is a possibility of this being conspecific with the Euro-
pean despecta Haliday, but I am unable to compare specimens.

342 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l?

A new Species of Tropidia (Syrphidae) from
Montana (Dipt.).

By H. L. SEAMANS, Bozeman, Montana.

In the Syrphid collection of the Montana Experiment Sta-
tion there were several specimens of this insect all collected in
Bozeman, on June 20, 1906. There are no notes concerning
this particular collection, nor have any specimens been located
in all the material collected since that time in the vicinity of
Bozeman. In 1916, specimens of this fly were sent to Chas.
W. Johnson, at Boston, who determined it as a new species of
Tropidia and returned the specimens to this office. Since that
time no species of Tropidia has been described, so far as is
known, which corresponds to this one. Though it runs near
quadrata in the key to the species of Tropidia published by
Hunter, in Entomological News (Vol. 7, p. 215), it is entirely
different and can be readily separated from that species.

The following description was made from two type speci-
mens, one of each sex, and 18 paratypes, nine of each sex, all
perfect specimens. In honor of Prof. R. A. Cooley, of the
Montana Experiment Station and State College, the name of
cooleyi is suggested for this species.

Tropidia cooleyi sp. nov.

Front in both sexes golden sericeous except for keel of carina, and
oral margin, .which are shiny black; vertex darker than front, covered
with a long, dark pile ; cheeks and occiput with covering of yellow
pile; antennae black, or brown sericeous, first and second segments
each with one or more small spines, third segment rounded. Carina
of male more acute than that of female, which appears as a rounded,
almost globular protuberance below the antennae.

Dorsum of thorax for the most part black, with a narrow median
stripe of gray flanked by two broader bands of gray extending almost
or quite to the scutellum, and with gray bands bordering the pleura;
entire thorax covered with golden yellow pubescence. Scutellum
shining black, or with tip ochraceous.

Abdomen black, sparsely covered with yellow pile ; sometimes in
females with two more or less distinct grayish spots on second
segment.

Legs black; all knees yellow or ochraceous; hind tibia, and some-
times middle tibia with distinct ochraceous hand about the middle ;
hind femur with distinct depression on anterior face near distal end;
and equipped at lower distal portion of this depression with a distinct
row of short, black spines in the female, and from one to five spines
in the male ; all legs covered with yellow pile.

Wings hyaline, projecting a short distance beyond the tip of abdomen.

Length from 6 to 7.5 mm.

Vol. xxviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL XK\\ s. 343

Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis Larvae as Parasites of
the Human Intestine (Dipt.).*

By L. HASEMAN, Columbia, Missouri.

Dipterous larvae play a much more important role as para-
sites of man than is generally supposed. Numerous records
are available showing some of the most important types of
myiasis, but many cases are never brought to the attention of
the medical profession at all. Leuckart in his "Parasites of
Man" refers to cases of intestinal myiasis caused by the larvae
of Anthomyia and to the parasitic work of Musca vomitoria
and Sarcophaga carnaria in neglected wounds. Riley and
Johannsen in their "Medical Entomology" review briefly a
number of cases of myiasis in man. Intestinal myiasis seems
to be due in most cases to the so called rat-tailed maggots
(Eristalis), the larvae of Anthyomyiidae, Muscinae and Sar-
cophagidae. Myiasis of the urinary tract is apparently due in
most cases to larvae of Fannia. In recent years the writer's
attention has been called to three cases of intestinal myiasis
due to rat-tailed maggots, one due to the larvae of Sarcophaga
haemorrhoidalis, and one case of myiasis of the urinary tract
in which two Fannia larvae were passed by a small boy, one
of which pupated and later emerged as the adult. The case
of intestinal myiasis due to the larvae of Sarcophaga haemor-
rhoidalis has proven to be a most unusual one.

In the summer of 1915. the writer received through Dr.
Jones, State Bacteriologist, a vial of preserved dipterous lar-
vae from Dr. A. L. Lewis, of Sumner, Missouri, who reported
that they had been passed by a patient. The writer asked Dr.
Lewis to send living material for breeding if he succeeded in
securing additional specimens and to make sure about the orig-
inal source of the larvae. This request was later complied
with, but the larvae were dead, having been sent in a stoppered
bottle. In July, 1916, Dr. Lewis secured another supply of the
larvae, which he kept in a breeding cage until they pupated
and later emerged as adult flies. These were received in July

*Read at the New York meeting of the Entomological Society of
America, I >ec., iy.K>.

344 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct.,'l/

and samples were forwarded to the Bureau of Entomology
and Dr. Aldrich identified them as Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis.

In order to learn more about the case, the writer went to
Sumner to consult further with Dr. Lewis and to interview
the patients. The family, consisting of husband, wife, daugh-
ter and son, moved to Sumner in 1914 and since that time Dr.
Lewis attended them. The husband was a strong, active man ;
the wife was slight but active and somewhat nervous ; the
daughter of nine and son of six were strong, healthy children
inclined to outdoor life. The husband had never been affected
to his knowledge, but the wife had had attacks each summer
for the past six years excepting 1916. The daughter had had
a number of attacks, including one in 1916, at which time she
passed the larvae which were bred for determination. The
son had had one attack when about three years old. The
husband's work called him from home most of the time during
the summer and the wife was inclined to leave food on the
table from meal to meal and to serve cold meals.

The home surroundings were found to be similar to those
of the average home in a small country town. The house was
a small cottage, screened and in average condition as regards
repairs. The front yard was small and densely shaded by soft
maple trees. The lot extended back some two hundred feet
to a railroad. The family drank well water and in the garden
was an open closet. The wife seemed to be a neat housekeep-
er, but had the reputation of being negligent about the cook-
ing and handling of foods.

So far as it was possible to determine, the diet of the family
was well balanced. Considerable meat was used, but not to
excess. Cooked vegetables were commonly used cold for sup-
per and cold prepared meats were also extensively used.
Cheese was also used in considerable quantities. There seems
to have been nothing unusual as regards the type of food or its
preparation which would explain the reason for the repeated
ingestion of the maggots, unless it be the fact that cold" vege-
tables and cold prepared meats were more or less regularly
used during the summer. The fact that during the spring,
summer and fall of 1916 the advice of Dr. Lewis to warm

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEtt'S. 345

up all meats and vegetables immediately before eating them,
was strictly followed, with the result that the mother escaped
the pests and the daughter had only one light attack, would
seem to show that the use of exposed cold foods was respon-
sible for the trouble.

The larvae are undoubtedly ingested, though it is difficult
to explain why this one family should continue to have trouble
when many other families in the same community handle food
in the same way without having trouble with the pest.

The possibility of the maggots entering the stomach by be-
ing deposited by the fly about the mouth or nostrils seems re-
mote. The members of the family had not had catarrh
troubles or faulty teeth, which might serve to attract the parent
fly, and they had not practiced sleeping out of doors or other-
wise exposed to the fly.

The trouble has been worse during the heat of the summer,
though it has, in cases, occurred early in June and as late in
the fall as October. The greatest trouble comes when the
flies would be expected to be most abundant.

The first signs of trouble are noted a day or more previous
to the real attacks or the time at which medical aid is required.
In the base of the stomach or in the region of the transverse
colon a sensation similar to a rolling mass is felt. Later this
changes to griping which is accompanied by some fever and
in some cases by nausea. In case of the mother this is fol-
lowed by much nervousness and at times by spasms. After
medical assistance is given and the maggots are passed, the
temperature falls, though in case of severe attacks pain in the
bowels continues for some time and may not entirely disappear
until another attack comes on. The maggots may not all be
passed at one time and usually mature as well as immature
larvae are passed at the same time.

In one case, before the family moved to Suniner, the mother
was placed on a grape-nuts diet for a month and throughout
that period trouble continued and larvae were passed. Grape-
nuts without milk or sugar and only boiled water were used
Sugar or other sweets had the effect of bringing on cramps
and a regular attack. This experience led the patient to the

346 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

erroneous assumption that the larvae were reproduced in the
stomach or intestines and not ingested from tirrie to time.
From the fact that larvae were passed for a month when
there was no chance of ingesting new supplies, would lead one
to conclude that the larvae may remain in the alimentary canal
for a considerable length of time.

The peculiar rolling motion is undoubtedly the crawling of
the mass of mature larvae seeking to escape. The eating of
sugar or other sweets probably aggravates the larvae and
causes them to move about in an attempt to escape. The se-
vere attacks are usually followed by the passing of large num-
bers of maggots. The patient estimated the quantity of mag-
gots at fully a cup-full in severe cases.

Since the trouble is undoubtedly due to repeated ingestion
of living larvae — the fly deposits larvae rather than eggs — the
protection of food or the heating of meats and vegetables
immediately before eating them should give complete relief.
Once the larvae are present in the alimentary canal, the tak-
ing of salts, oil, or other laxatives results in the discharge of
the larvae. The calling of a physician was usually delayed
until the last moment and in some cases the injection of an
opiate was necessary.

A laxative taken as soon as the presence of the maggots in
the stomach is noted would probably relieve much of the later
trouble. The larvae are not affected either by salts or oil, but
both the mature and immature larvae are alive when passed.
The necessary oxygen is undoubtedly secured from the food
or the air taken in with the food.

While it has not been possible to determine definitely just
how the larvae enter the alimentary tract of the patient, it
seems that they are undoubtedly ingested from time to time on
exposed cold and perhaps partly spoiled meats or vegetables.
They may remain in the alimentary tract several days and
when they are mature or approach maturity they bring on se-
vere cramping and in some cases spasms. Relief comes after
they have been discharged. The family will be kept under ob-
servation in order to determine more definitely how the larvae
are taken in and how long they feed in the alimentary tract.

Vol. xxviii I ENTO.MCI.OCICAL M'.\vs. 347

A List of the Butterflies of Iowa.

By A. W. LINDSAY, Iowa City, Iowa.

In preparing a review of the butterflies of Iowa the writer
has had occasion during the past few months to examine most
of the collections now in existence in the State and the local
lists heretofore published. After examining the collection on
which the most extensive of the latter was based it was very
evident that records could not be taken from these lists with-
out verification and that the literature previously sent out from
the State was deplorably inaccurate. The work of compiling
this list has therefore been carried on with two things in mind ;
first, the examination of all material obtainable in the State
and second, the correction of such errors as have been pub-
lished in the several local lists used.

The collections examined represent the work of from one to
thirty years, and in most cases are fairly complete for the lo-
calities which they represent. They are in the possession of
the following persons and institutions and were made in the
neighborhood of the towns where they now repose.

(1) Mr. A. F. Porter, Decorah, la.

(2) Mrs. J. E. Hoopes, Muscatine.

(3) Prof. H. F. Wickham, Iowa City.

(4) Dr. G. L. Stempel. Macedonia.

(5) Coe College, Cedar Rapids.

(6) Grinnell College, Grinnell.

(7) The writer's collection made in Woodbury and Dickin-
son Counties.

In addition to these, lists have been furnished by Mrs. O. F.
Hiser, Nevada, la., and Mr. F. M. Holmes, Prescott, la., and
Mr. R. L. Mayhew, of Decatur, Illinois, has contributed the
records which he made at Mount Pleasant, la. Assistance has
been given by Dr. Henry Skinner, Dr. J. McDunnough, Dr. H.
G. Dyar, Mr. Nathan Banks and Mr. R. A. Leussler in deter-
mining specimens and clearing up some obscure points of classi-
fication. As the list is presented here it follows the nomenclature
given in Dyar's "List of North American Lepidoptera."

348 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

1. Iphiclides ajax Hub. Bred in eastern and southern Iowa, very

rare in the northwest. April to July,
la. I. ajax, var. marcellus. Boisd.-LeC.

2. Papilio glaucus Linn. Rather rare in the northern parts, more

common southward. May and August.

2a. P. glaucus, var. turnus Linn. April to September. Common
everywhere.

3. Papilio troilus Linn. Rare in eastern and southern Iowa.

4. Papilio thoas Linn. Fairly common, June to September. Dis-

tribution general.

5. Papilio polyxenes Fab. Fairly common, May to September.

Distribution general.

6. Laertias philenor Linn. Rare. Occasionally breeds in east-

ern and southern Iowa. April to July, October.

7. Pontia protodice Boisd.-LeC. Common throughout the warm

months. Distribution general.
7a. P. protodice, var. vernalis Edw. Rare.

8. Pontia rapae Linn. Very abundant everywhere during all the

warm months.
Sa. P. rapae, var. immaculata Skinner and Aaron. Rare.

9. Nathalis iole Boisd. Fairly common everywhere. July to

October.

10. Callidryas eubule Linn. Occasionally common. August and

September. Distribution general.

11. Zerene caesonia Stoll. May to October, common after July.

Distribution general,
lla. Z. caesonia, var. rosa McNeill. Rare during September.

12. Eurymus eurytheme Boisd. Common in all parts of the State

from May to October. Albino females fairly common.
12a. E. eurytheme, form eriphyle Edw. Fairly common during the

late summer.
12b. E. eurytheme, form keewaydin Edw. Fairly common during

the early summer.

13. Eurymus philodice Godart. Very common, May to Oct. Dis-

tribution general.

14. Pyrisita mexicana Boisd. Found in all parts of the State

but the northeast Very rare. July to Oct.

15. Eurema nicippe Cramer. Rare in southern Iowa and along the

Mississippi. June.

16. Eurema euterpe Menetries. Fairly common throughout the

State. July to Oct.

17. Agraulis vanillae Linn. Two specimens in Mr. Porter's col-

lection are the only ones located, though the species is un-
doubtedly to be found in the southern part of the State. The
two were taken late in June.

Vol. XX'viii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

18. Euptoieta claudia Cramer. Common everywhere from May to

Oct.

19. Speyeria idalia Drury. Fairly common from the middle of June

to Oct. Distribution general.

20. Argynnis cybele Fab. Abundant. Flies from June to Oct.

Distribution general.

21. Argynnis aphrodite Fab. A few specimens have been seen in

eastern Iowa. The only dates available are from July 10-25.
21a. A. aphrodite, var. alcestis Edw. Fairly common throughout
the State, apparently displacing aphrodite in the western
half. June to Oct.

22. Brenthis myrina Cramer. May to Sept. Distribution general.

Rare in northwestern Iowa, but fairly common in other
parts.

2::. Brenthis bellona Fab. Fairly common in the northern half of
the State only. May to Aug.

24. Euphydryas phaeton Drury. Accepted on the authority of

Prof. Herbert Osborn ("A Partial Catalogue of the Ani-
mals of Iowa," Ames, 1892) and Dr. Stempel. Said to occur
in southeastern Iowa. Rare. No dates recorded.

25. Charidryas nycteis Doub.-Hew. Common in all parts of the

State. May to Aug.

26. Charidryas ismeria Boisd.-LeC. May to Sept. Distribution

general. Fairly common.

27. Phyciodes tharos Drury. Fairly common in May. Taken in

all parts of the State.

27a. P. tharos, var. morpheus Fab. Same distribution. Very com-
mon from June to Oct.

28. Phyciodes batesii Reakirt. Rare. Two specimens which are

undoubtedly batesii were taken at Sioux City in June, 1909
and 1915. The species must be present in the eastern part
of the State.

2'.). Mestra amymone Menetries. A single stray, not dated, taken
by Dr. Stempel near Macedonia, is the only record of this

species.
;«). Polygonia interrogationis Fab. Fairly common. June and

July. Distribution general.

JiOa. P. interrogationis, var. umbrosa Lintner. Common.
31. Polygonia comma Harris. Very common during the warm

months. Found throughout the State.

P. comma, var. dryas Edw. This variety makes up a part of
the summer brood of comma and is found from June to
Aug.

Polygonia progne Cramer. Rare. Distribution general. Aug.
Eugonia j-album P»o:sd.-LeC. Southeastern Iowa. Rare. The

350 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

only dates available are July 10-25, 186(J. (Scudder, Trans.
Chicago Acad. of Sciences, 1869).

34. Euvanessa antiopa Linn. Early spring, June and July, and

from late August until cold weather. Fairly common. Dis-
tribution general.

35. Aglais milbertii Godart. One specimen was seen in Plymouth

County in July, 1909.

36. Vanessa atalanta Linn. Very common everywhere throughout

the warm months.

37. Vanessa huntera Fab. Fairly common in all parts of the State.

May to Oct.

38. Vanessa cardui Linn. Usually very common. Found in all

parts of the State during the warm months.

39. Junonia coenia Hiib. Rare. June to Sept. Distribution gen-

eral.

40. Basilarchia astyanax Fab. Common in all parts of the State

from June to Sept.

41. Basilarchia archippus Cramer. The same things may be said

of this species, though it is somewhat less common.

42. Chlorippe celtis Boisd.-LeC. Very common from June to

Sept. Distribution general.

43. Chlorippe clyton Boisd.-LeC. June to Sept. This species is

less common than celtis, but is found wherever its food
plant grows.

43a. C. clyton, var. proserpina Scud. Fairly common among the
adults emerging late in the season. Most of the specimens
from the northern part of the State are dark inter-grades
rather than typical clyton or proserpina.

44. Anaea andria Scud. Two undated specimens at Macedonia are

the only ones seen in the State.

45. Cercyonis alope Fab. Rare in southeastern Iowa. July and

Aug.

45a. C. alope, var. nephele Kirby. Common everywhere during July
and August.

46. Enodia portlandia Fab. Sometimes very common. June to

Sept. Distribution general.

•17. Satyrodes canthus Linn. Rare. Taken throughout the State.
June and July.

48. Cissia eurytus Fab. Common everywhere from June to Aug.

49. Anosia plexippus Linn. Common throughout the warm sea-

son in all parts of the State, and sometimes extremely
abundant.

50. Anosia berenice, var. strigosa Bates. A single female has been

reported from C'ass County, taken on Aug. 31. (Mr. F. C.
Pellett. Proc. la. Acad. Science, XXI, 347, pi. xxxvi).

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 351

51. Hypatus bachmanni Kirtland. ' Found during July in the south-

ern part of the State, but rather uncommon.

52. Hypatus carinenta Cramer. Strays of this species reach even

the northern and eastern parts of Iowa occasionally, ap-
pearing in Aug. and Sept.

53. Uranotes melinus Hub. Rare. Aug. to Oct. Distribution gen-

eral.

54. Thecla acadica Edw. Fairly common in the southern half of

the State and occasionally found in the northeast. June.

55. Thecla edwardsii Saunders. Recorded at Sioux City in July.

Rare.

Thecla calanus Hiib. Common all over the State in July.

Thecla liparops Boisd.-LeC. Very rare. A few specimens re-
ported from Story, Pottawattamie and Franklin Counties.
July.

58. Incisalia henrici G. & R. Five specimens in the collection of

Dr. Stempe!. May.

59. Strymon titus Fab. Rare. Distribution general. July.

GO. Feniseca tarquinius Fab. Recorded at Decorah alone. Rare.
Gl. Gaeides dione Scud. Rather uncommon. July. Distribution
general.

02. Chrysophanus thoe Boisd. Fairly common. July and Aug.

Distribution general.

03. Epidemia helloides Boisd. Taken in the northern part of the

State in June and July. Uncommon.

64. Heodes hypophleas Boisd. Common in southeastern Iowa.
July to Oct.

65 Rusticus melissa Edw. Very common in Dickinson County

and ranging east in small numbers to the Mississippi. June
to Sept.

66 Cyaniris ladon Cramer. Fairly common from June to Sept.

Distribution general.

GGa. C. ladon, var. violacea Edw. Spring form, appearing in Apr.
and May.

0Gb. C. ladon, var. neglecta Edw. Summer form. Aug. and Sept.

67. Everes comyntas Godart. Common throughout the State. May
to Oct.

G8. Hemiargus isola Reakirt. Fairly common in western Iowa, ex-
tending east to Linn County. July to Sept.

69. Amblyscirtes vialis Edw. Distribution general. May to July.

Fairly common.

70. Amblyscirtes samoset Scud. Eastern Iowa in June and July.

Rare.

71. Ancyloxypha numitor Fab. June to Sept. Distribution general.

Common.

352 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct./I/

72. Oarisma poweshiek Parker. Recorded in Story, Dickinson and

Poweshiek Counties in July. Rare.

73. Poanes massasoit Scud. Taken in Poweshiek and Story Coun-

ties. Rare. No dates.

74. Atrytone hobomok Harris. Fairly common in all parts of the

State during late May and early June.

75. Erynnis comma, var. Colorado Scud. Very rare. Mr. Porter

has taken three specimens at Decorah.

76. Erynnis pawnee Dodge. Rare. Taken in Poweshiek and Wood-

bury Counties in Aug. and Sept.

77. Erynnis sassacus Harris. Crawford County, mid-July, one

male. (Scudder, Trans. Chicago Acad. of Sciences, 1869).

78. Anthomaster leonardus Harris. Audubon County in Sept.,

Scott and Winneshiek Counties. Very rare.

79. Hylephila campestris Boisd. Rare. June to Sept. Distribu-

tion general.

M). Thymelicus mystic Scud. Taken in June. Rare. Distribution
general.

81. Thymelicus cernes Boisd. -LeC. Common in all parts of the

State. May to Aug.

82. Thymelicus otho, var. egeremet Scud. Fairly common during

July. Distribution general.

83. Polites peckius Kirby. Common everywhere. Flies from May

to Sept.

84. Euphyes verna Edw. Occurs in small numbers in most of the

collections seen. June and July.

85. Euphyes vestris, var. metacomet Harris. Fairly common every-

where. July and Aug.

86. Lerema hianna Scud. Very rare. A few Iowa specimens are

in the collection at Grinnell. No dates.

87. Limochroes bimaculata G. & R. There are two females labelled

"July 4, 1890. Poweshiek Co." in the Grinnell collection.

88. Limochroes pontiac Edw. Southeastern Iowa in July. Rare.

89. Limochroes manataaqua Scud. Two males and one female

taken at Sioux City in early July are the only specimens
seen by the writer.

90. Phycanassa vitellius Fab. Rather rare throughout the State.

July.

91. Phycanassa arogos Boisd. -LeC. Throughout the State in July.

Fairly common.

92. Epargyreus tityrus Fab. Common. June to Sept. Distribu-

tion general.

93. Thorybes bathyllus S. & A. Rare in the Mississippi valley.

No dates.

Vol. XXVlii 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 353

94. Thorybes pylades Scud. Common everywhere in June and

July.

95. Pholisora catullus Fab. Common everywhere. June to Sept.
9(5. Pholisora hayhurstii Edw. Very common in the northwest.

Collections in the southern half of the State show a sur-
prising absence of this species. June to Sept.

97. Thanaos brizo Boisd.-LeC. One specimen at Muscatine. It

is reported from Omaha, Nebraska, as occurring rarely in
April and May (Mr. R. A. Leussler, Ent. News XXIV,
352, 1913) and so may be expected in southwestern Iowa.

98. Thanaos persius Scud. Rare. Distribution general. May to

July.

99. Thanaos martialis Scud. Fairly common. Distribution general.

Occurs in July.

100. Thanaos juvenalis Fab. Common. May to Sept. Found

throughout the State.

101. Thanaos horatius Scudder and Burgess. Rare. There are a

few specimens at Grinnell and two taken at Sioux City in
the writer's collection. The latter were taken on June 23
and July 24.

102. Hesperia montivaga Reakirt. Very common in all parts of the

State from May until late fall.

In presenting this list the writer wishes again to emphasize
the fact that no records are used without adequate proof of
their accuracy. The two exceptions are, it seems, amply ex-
plained. Where doubtful specimens have come to hand they
have been referred to authorities. Thus the list has been made
as complete and as accurate as possible and it is now offered to
the world as a contribution from the Lepidopterists of the
State of Iowa.

Medal Awarded for Entomological Research.

The Crisp Medal and an award of £30 by the Council of the Lin-
nean Society of London have been bestowed upon Mr. R. J. Tillyanl
(not Hilliard as incorrectly announced in Science for July 14. 1917).
Linnean (New South Wales) Macleay Fellow in Zoolorry. acting lec-
turer and senior demonstrator in zoology at the University of Sydney,
New South Wales. The award is given once every five years to a fel-
low of the Linnean Society for the best piece of microscopic research
published bv the Societv. in this case a paper entitled "A Study of the
Rectal Breathing Apparatus in the Larvae of Anisopterid Dragonflies
(Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxxiii, 127-106, pis. 18-22. 21 text figs. Nov.,
TOTH). Mr. Tillvard is the author of manv other papers, chiefly deal-
ing with Australian Odonata. and of a book just Published at the Uni-
ver^ity Press, Cambridge, F.neland : "The Biology of Dragonflies
(Odonata or Paraneuroptera)," 1917, which we hope to review in a
later number of the NEWS.

354 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., '17

Life History of the Northern Microvelia — Microvelia

borealis Bueno (Hem., Het,).
By J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, New York City.

(Plate XXV.)

Every miniature Sargasso sea of matted algae floating their
green meshes on still pools, every field of duck- weed in mill
ponds, affords shelter to a myriad forms, to a teeming busy
population, some preyed upon, others predators. Swarming
over these moist fields one finds a series of water-bugs — Acan-
thias, Mesovelias, Naeogeids, Veliids. One species of the last-
named family is perhaps the most abundant of all.

For many years this little Microvelia masqueraded in our
catalogues and lists as Microvelia pulchella of Westwood,
which was described originally from St. Vincent's. At last it
became possible to fix its status definitely and it was described
as new in 1916 under the name borealis.1 The paper in which
it was described cleared up the synonymy and distribution of
this group of atoms and fixed the name of the present species

thus :

Microvelia borealis Bueno

=pulchclla Uhl.?, Bueno, Heid., Van D., nee

Westwood.

= boreale Bueno, in various lists.
=marginata Kirk. & Bueno, nee Uhl.

Probably owing to not having seen the paper in question,
the synonymy of our Eastern species in Van Duzee's new
Check List leaves much to be desired.

Microvelia borealis has a limited range, so far as known
to me, doubtless because little collected. I have taken it in this
State and New Jersey, and Parshley has got it from Maine.
It must be very widely distributed, but being so small it is un-
noticed, or else taken for an immature bug on account of its
generally apterous condition and small size.

Microvelia borealis awakes from its winter sleep some time
in the spring, how early I am unable to say, as T have never
taken it before May, when it begins to populate the watery

1 Bueno, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. XI : 57.

ENT. NEWS, VOL. XX VII I.

Plate XXV.

MICROVELIA BOREALIS-BUENO.

Vol. XXVlii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 355

wastes of the ponds. Nymphs appear early, and have only
four molts, a fact repeatedly tested under varying conditions.
This is specially noteworthy, as the general rule in the Heterop-
tera thus far observed is five molts, exceeded when there is
variation and equaled in the single instance known to me, of
Rlptortus linearis, one of the Alydids of India, as recorded by
Kirkaldy and Kershaw.2

When the species was first bred in 1904 I thought there
was some error in counting the molts. It was again raised in
1905, with the same result. Finally, in 1908, it was once more
bred under carefully controlled conditions ; a batch of ova was
separated in a small aquarium, and as each nymph emerged
it was separated in a small Stender dish. A careful record of
the dates of molting was kept on its ground glass cover as well
as in my note book. My previous results were fully confirmed.

The complete transformations in my aquaria took place in
varying periods of from 2.2. to 59 days for the full cycle from
oviposition to adult, or from 14 to 49 days for the nymphal
instars. However, the majority run between 14 and 18 days
for the nymphal instars, or somewhere between 2.2, and 25 days
for the period from oviposition to maturity. Neither the sex
nor the period of the summer seems to make any difference
in the developmental period. In midsummer the molts are
between 3 and 5 days apart, the maximum for any one molt
being 1 1 days and minimum 2, but no one instar seems to take
longer than any of the others per se. During the summer,
broods overlap, as oviposition is continuous, and taking four
weeks as an average, it makes possible say five to six genera-
tions in a season, from early May to late September.

As the days grow colder in late summer and early fall they
begin to grow less in number, and finally they disappear for
the winter. However, under favorable climatic conditions, this
species may breed throughout the year. A few were kept in
an aquarium through one winter. It was near a window, and
the room being in a steam-heated apartment was warm. They

- 1908 J. C. Kershaw and G. W. Kirkaldy, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., pp.
59-62 "On the Metamorphosis of Two Heteropterous Hemiptera from
Southern China," pis. iv and v.

356 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

bred and the young emerged in due course. The aquarium
swarmed with waterfleas ; as there was no other food the
Microvelias doubtless fed on the many Daphnias entrapped in
the surface film. By the end of the following April there were
nine adults in the aquarium and a very few nymphs.

This little species feeds on dead or waterlogged insects in
the water, which it attacks in numbers, as observed in these
experiments. Its small size prevents it from successfully cop-
ing with living insects larger than itself.

The chief structural peculiarities that distinguish it from
the other species, aside from its small size and antennal char-
acters, are the nearly orbiculate shape of the apterous female
and the curved posterior tibiae of the male. It is most fre-
quently found apterous, but the winged form is not rare. It
walks ordinarily in little staccato steps, although at times it
runs, especially when pursued off the duckweed into the open
pond, when it races out and curves rapidly back. Its habits
in general are like those of Microvelia americana, elsewhere3
described, as well as the details of breeding, preparing for the
microscope, etc.

No parasites of Microvelia appear to be known. Its internal
anatomy is also to be studied.

The epg is clear pearly glistening white when just deposited; ellip-
tical; about one and one-half times as long as broad. The chorion is
apparently smooth seen under a low power (x6o), but under a higher
(x32o) appears rather sparsely punctulated in lines. Size (from
freshly deposited eggs) long., .45mm.; lat., .3 mm. This is an average
dimension, as it sometimes varies quite markedly.

As development progresses, the egg grows darker and shortly before
emergence the folded up embryo is visible through the translucent
chorion. As already noted, the ec:gs are deposited on the under sur-
face of duckweed, the head end generally pointing to the edge, al-
though if this plant be not available they will deposit them anywhere,
embedded in a clear waterproof jelly or glue secreted by the female
for this purpose. The females carry two mature ova at a time, which
seem to practically fill up the entire body cavity. In hatching, the
egg splits along a straight line 4-7 of its, length and through this the
nymph escapes. Although looked for, no casting of the amnion or

3 1910, Bueno, Can. Ent. vol. xlii, 176-186, "Life Histories of Ameri-
can Water Bugs, iii, Microvelia americana."

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 357

molt on emerging has been observed. The embryonic period has been
noted as lasting from 7 to 23 days, but the controlled lot took only the
former time, and the majority took only 8 days for development.

Nymph, First Instar. — Antennae rather stout but long, joint 4 long-
est, 2 and 3 shortest and equal, i slightly longer; 2 and 4 stoutest, 4
fusiform, 3 pedicellate at base expanding to tip, club-shaped. Eyes
small, round, set very far apart owing to broad head. Rostrum stout,
joint 2 shortest, 3 longest, then 4, then i, which is stoutest, 2 is ring-
like, 3 is more or less long ovoid. 4 slenderest, pointed tapering. All
legs are equally stout and comparatively long; all tarsi are i-jointed,
all tibiae have combs at the distal end. Fore tibiae shorter and
stouter than femora; tibia and femur of intermediates subequal; hind
tibiae longer than femora, which have slender long spines or stiff
hairs. Tarsal claws long, slender, simple.

The little bugs have a family resemblance to the adult — they are
rounded posteriorly and the legs and antennae are much thicker in
proportion than in the adult. The abdomen is comparatively short and
the legs in consequence appear set very far back. When fully set, the
nymph is very dark, a deep slate grey. In molting, the entire top of
the head lifts off like a lid hinged at the clypeus, and the skin splits
from the thorax through the abdomen.

In this and the succeding instars, much of the descriptions has been
taken from balsam mounts and from cast or molted skins.

The first instar lasted from 2 to 11 days, the controlled brood took
6.

Nymph, Second Instar. — In this instar the second antennal joint is
the shortest, 4th longest and stoutest, nearly as long as the other
three taken together, and 1st and 3d equal. The rostrum is as before,
except that joint 2 is narrower and more ring-like, joint 3 longest, but
little longer than 4 and twice as long as i. The abdominal segments
are ring-like, telescoped; the abdomen is very short and truncate, but
comparatively longer than in the preceding instar, so the legs do not
appear set so far back. The legs are as before, except that the femora
of the second pair are longer than the tibiae. The molt is as in the
preceding instar.

The second instar lasts between two and six days, the majority
taking 3 or 4 days.

Nymph, Third Instar. — The antennae continue as before proportion-
ally, but the second joint is but slightly shorter than the ist and 3d and
the 4th is one-fifth shorter than the other three taken together: joint
3 is slenderest, but all arc nearly of equal thickness. Rostrum as before.
The legs are slenderer but otherwise as before; the second and third
tibiae are slenderer than the femora. The chief visible changes are in
the proportions of thorax and abdomen, which is much longer ac-
tually and comparatively, and the segments are more distinct.

558

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Oct., '17

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This instar is between three and six days long, hut most took three
days.

The male nymph was distinguishable in this instar by the more point-
ed abdomen.

Fourth (and Last) Nymphal Instar. — Antennae noticeably more
slender but not so long in proportion; proportional length of joints
as before; joints nearly of equal thickness except I and 2 a little
stouter, 4 fusiform, pointed, all set with pile and long hairs. Rostrum
as before, except that it is more slender and longer, reaching first
coxae. The legs are also longer and more slender ; first femora longer
and thinner than tibiae, intermediates subequal and hind tibiae slender
and longer than femora. In the cast skins the curvature of the hind
tibiae of the male begins to be noted. All tarsi are still i-jointed with-
out any sign of a suture, although 2-jointed in the adult. Pro- and
mesothorax are distinct. Abdomen is much longer, nearly equal in
length to the thorax, pointed, male genital segment prominent; general
form is oval.

This instar lasted between four and ten days, the majority molt-
ing in 4. This brings the insect to the adult, as noted.

While emerging from the cast skin in this last molt and directly
after, M. borealis is very white with brown markings. The head is
tinged with brownish with a white median line; the thorax is whitish;
the first and second abdominal segments are brown to within a
quarter of their width of the connexivum; the third, fourth and fifth
are more narrowly marked, and the 6th and 7th are brown to the
connexivum. The connexivum has a brown edge at the inner margin
narrowing cephalad and caudad. The black and dark bluish grey
mature coloration is attained fully in not over ten hours. The eyes
at moulting, however, are nearly black and very conspicuous by con-
trast.

This little insect is comparatively simple to rear and its
smallness makes it an excellent object to examine living under
the microscope. Much remains to be found out about it.
What is its respiratory system? Where are its spiracles, un-
revealed even in the cast skins ? How many eggs does each
female lay? Many other questions will occur to the experi-
enced biologist, unanswered in what precedes.

PLATE XXV.

Life History of Microvelia borealis Rueno.
Ova Nymph Third Instar

Nymph First Instar Fourth

Second Adult Male

all X 20. Microphotographs by Mr. Chris. E. Olscn.

360

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Oct.. '17

A new Species of Myrmecophilous Blattid. (Orthop-

tera; Blattidae ; Corydiinae).
By MORGAN HEBARD, Philadelphia, Pa.

Recently specimens of a species of roach were sent us by
Professor W. M. Wheeler, which are found to represent a new
species of the genus Myrmecoblatta Mann. This genus was
placed in the Blattinae, the valvular type of female subgenital
plate, in part, being responsible for this assignment. The un-
armed ventral femoral margins and other features prevent this
association. The genus is clearly nearest Compsodes Hebard,1
and likewise referable to the Corydiinae.

MYRMECOBLATTA Mann.

1914. Myrmecoblatta Mann, Psyche, XXI, p. 172.

GENOTYPE, by monotypy, Myrmecoblatta rchni Mann, de-

scribed from Guerrero Mill, Hidalgo,
Mexico.

The following generic features
should, in our opinion, be emphasized :
Surface of insect supplied with mod-
erately numerous, short, minute hairs.
Ocelli absent. Antennae with first
joint large, about twice as long as
broad ; second joint not as wide, sub-
quadrate ; third joint slightly longer
than wide ; succeeding ten joints not
as long as wide.2 Maxillary palpi with
distal joint nearly twice as long as
penultimate joint, distal truncation
weakly oblique. Clypeus produced,
with apex bluntly rounded, concealing
the mandibles. Pronotum with disk

pQrtions weakly COnCEVC J

"cw
' 3-Ve°m^vivw (oVs0ul evenly convex, lateral (and cephalic in

genital plate (greatly mag-

1 1917. Mem. Am. Ent. Soc., 2, p. 208.

2 One specimen before us, with a complete antenna, shows twenty-
five joints in all.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOI.OCU'AL NEWS. 361

notum extending considerably beyond the head in male,
leaving the vertex briefly exposed in female. Tegmina
present, reduced, with venation subobsolete, in male ; absent
in female. Wings greatly reduced in male, absent in female.
Cerci tapering to acute apex. Subgenital plate of male sym-
metrical, with similar, simple, straight, elongate, cylindrical
styles, situated in sockets latero-distad, with distal margin of
plate between these somewhat produced, convex.3 Subgenital
plate of female valvular, with basal margins of valves straight,
convergent, to the rather broadly rounded apex.4 Ventral fem-
oral margins unarmed, supplied with a few scattered hairs ;
median and caudal femora supplied with a rather delicate disto-
dorsal genicular spine.5 Tibiae with external faces supplied
with numerous short bristles, median and caudal tibiae there
furnished with a few spines ; all of the tibiae armed with distal
spines. Tarsal joints elongate and slender, those of the caudal
limbs nearly equaling the caudal tibiae in length. Caudal meta-
tarsus fully as long as the remaining joints. Pulvilli and arolia
absent.

Myrmecoblatta wheeleri new species.

Compared with M. rchni, the male of the present species is
found to differ in the pronotum, with latero-caudal angles more
sharply rounded ; shorter and truncate tegmina ; more reduced
wings ; much shorter supra-anal plate and much shorter cerci,
with articulations subobsolete. From the single immature fe-
male of the present species before us we can only determine
that females of wlicclcri are separable from those of manni,
as are males, by the much reduced cerci, with articulations sub-
obsolete.

TYPE: $ ; San Lucas Toliman, Solola, Guatemala. January
3, 1912. (W. M. Wheeler.) [Hebard Collection, Type No.

44Q-]

3 In these features showing considerable resemblance to the Cory-
cliine genera, Compsodcs and Latindia. These genera, in these respects,
showing a similarity to the normal Blattinid type.

1 In this respect much closer to the normal V acute-angulate type
found in the Corydiinc genera, Holocompsa and Compxodcs. but show-
ing siime divergence toward the type normal in the Blattinae.

1 Mann failed to note the absence of the genicular spine on the ce-
phalic femora, a condition found throughout the Blattidae.

362 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

Description of Type. Size minute, form broad elliptical. Head hid-
den under pronotum, evenly and very weakly convex from occiput to
clypeus; interocular space decidedly broader than that between anten-
nal sockets. Pronotum with latero-caudal angles acute-angulate,
bluntly rounded; caudal margin rather strongly concave, except mesad
where a brief and feeble convexity is indicated. Tegmina subquadrate,
distal margin truncate, weakly concave; venation obsolete, except hu-
meral trunk, which is weakly indicated. Wings minute, vestigial, with
venation obsolete; anterior field oval, posterior field indicated by ves-
tigial tissue. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized ; median seg-
ment extremely narrow (longitudinally); first to sixth segments with
caudal margins transverse but latero-caudal angles very feebly pro-
duced, almost rectangulate, with acute apices each supplied with a
bristle; seventh and eighth segments transversely narrower, the eighth
with caudal margin broadly convex between the cerci. Supra-anal plate
delicate in .structure, bilobate, about three times as wide as its greatest
length; lateral margins weakly convex convergent, armed with bristles;
distal margin briefly acute-angulate emarginate mesad, with lateral por-
tions weakly convex, curling dorsad and supplied with numerous hairs;
latero-caudal angles broadly rounded.6 Cerci conical, extending as far
as distal margin of supra-anal plate, apex acute, articulations subobso-
lete. Concealed genital hook situated sinistrad, elongate and slender,
distal portion curved sharply dextrad, forming nearly a semicircle,
with apex acute. Subgenital plate broader than long; lateral margins
straight, parallel to style sockets, distal portion of plate between these
moderately produced with distal margin broadly convex. Styles and
limb armament as given in generic diagnosis. Pulvilli and arolia ab-
sent.

A single immature female before us shows the ocular, pronotal and
cereal development similar to a male in the same instar. The subgeni-
tal plate7 shows indications of a distal medio-longitudinal sulcation,
while from within the succeeding segment projects, showing styles
similar to those of the male sex.8

Measurements (tit millimeters).3

Length Length Width Total Exposed
d1 of of of length of length of
body pronotum pronotum legmen legmen

Width Length
of of
legmen cercus

Paratype — 4.08 1.63 2.85 1.85 1.36

156 -34

t; In texture and many features of contour, similarity with Compsodcs
schwarzi Caudell is found.

7 See generic diagnosis. In adult females of this species there is
little doubt but that this plate is much as in rchni.

* This condition in immature females has been observed in other
forms of the Blattidae.

11 Taken under the microscope.

Vol. xxviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 363

Coloration. General coloration cinnamon brown, shading to ochra-
ceous-buff rather broadly along the lateral margins of the pronotum.
Umlerparts and limbs ochraceous-buff, strongly tinged with buckthorn
brown.

In addition to the type, one male paratype and a pair of im-
mature examples are before us. These specimens were all
taken at the same time, by Professor W. M. Wheeler, from a
colony of the ant, Solenopsis gcmmata (Fabricius),10 found
under a stone on the shores of Lake Atitlan.

A Second Collates with Spotted Wings (Hym.).

By T. D. A. COCKERELL, Boulder, Colorado.
In 1868 Cresson described a remarkable Colletid bee from
Orizaba, Mexico, having black spots' on the wings. He called it
Collacs punctipennis. Cresson had only the female, but a
male was found in F. Smith's collection in the British Mu-
seum, collected in Guatemala. This I described in Annals and
Mag. of Nat. Hist., July, 1914, p. n. On April 20, 1912, Mr.
Aug. Busck collected at Porto Bello, Panama, two males of a
species very close to C. pnnctipcnnis. but with the thoracic hair
very differently colored. It may possibly prove to be only a
subspecies, but as no intermediates are known it is given the
specific rank which it probably deserves.

Collates spiloptera n. sp.

$ . Length about n mm.; wings as in C. punctipennis, but the rather
short hair of thorax above, and of tubercles, bright fox-red (in
punctipennis the thorax is clothed with short, dense white or hoary
pubescence, that on mesothorax shortest and mixed with sparse black
hairs, giving the surface a maculate appearance; scutellum with short
black pubescence, margined entirely with whitish). Only middle of
flagellum (joints 5-9) red beneath ; mesothorax very densely punctured;
second abdorrinal segment with punctures conspicuously smaller and
denser than on first ; genitalia with sagittal wings very large and
rounded, stipites covered on apical part with short yellowish hair,
but without any long spreading bristles. The malar space is much
broader than long.

Type in the U. S. National Museum.

10 Determined by Professor \\ . M. \\luvlcr, to whom we take pleas-
ure in dedicating the interesting myrmecophilous roach here described.

364 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

Notes on the Construction of the Cocoon of Praon

(Hym., Braconidae).

By C. N. AINSLIE, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Bureau of Ento-
mology, Cereal and Forage Insects.*

The parasites of various aphids have been receiving much
attention during recent years and their widely differing habits
have proved most interesting to the students of their life his-
tories.

In a short sketch in Entomological Nezi's of March, 1909,
pp. 110-112, the writer described briefly a discovery he had
recently made of the process by which the bodies of aphids,
killed by the attack of their Aphidiine enemies, are fastened by
the larvae of the parasite to a firm base, thus affording the
larvae a reasonably secure shelter during the period of pupa-
tion. This discovery was made by using the exceedingly simple
device of inverting upon the stage of a microscope a slide on
which the aphid was being glued after the larva had split ven-
trally the abdomen of its dead host. Through the slide thus
placed the movements of- the larva could be readily watched
as it smeared the torn edges of the aphid's body-wall to the
glass with a generous supply of a viscous fluid. Previous to
ihis observation, made nearly nine years ago, no one seems to
have been able to solve the mystery of this attachment of the
dead body, although the entire operation had frequently been
carefully watched, from above. The process as then detailed
has been since confirmed by Mr. E. O. G. Kelly, of the Bureau
of Entomology, and by other observers as well. It appears
to be a well established fact that nearly all the braconid para-
sites of aphids fasten their former hosts to a base in much the
same manner.

On the other hand the Aphelinu ^-parasitized bodies of aphids
are anchored without the abdominal rent. Just how this is ac-
complished is not yet definitely known since it can be learned
only by means of circumstantial evidence. It seems likely that
a certain amount of an adhesive fluid is in some manner forced
through the stomata or other pores in the body-wall and thus

* Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture.

Vol. XXviii I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 365

the ventral surface is glued fast to its support. Inasmuch as
the Aphelininae attack only the short-legged and smaller-bodied
species of aphids, it must be much easier for their larvae to
anchor the bodies of their hosts than for those parasites that
prey on the longer-legged forms like Macrosiphum and Rhopa-
losiphum. But even these larger forms are often fastened to
leaves and grain blades by their internal parasites. As the
process has never been watched, so far as I know, the exact
means used to bring the abdomen to a junction with the leaf
on which the aphid stands is unknown, but is probably simple
enough when once understood.

An exception to this common practice among braconid para-
sites is that of the genus Praon which attacks the larger aphids.
In Insect Life, Vol. IV, p. 196, 1891, Dr. Howard calls atten-
tion to the fact, often since observed, that the larva of Praon
constructs a tent-like cocoon beneath the body of its host for
a pupation chamber. An opportunity was afforded the writer
during the summer of 1916 to watch the entire process of con-
structing this cocoon, and the details are presented herewith.

July 15, 1916, a parasitized apterous Macrosiphum pisi was
taken on a leaflet of white clover just as the larval guest within
its body had deprived it of the power of motion. The dying
aphid, still standing on the leaflet, was placed within a small
vial where it would be undisturbed and could be easily ob-
served without interruption.

Scarcely had it been secured in this way when the abdomen
of the aphid was rent ventrally by the activity of the imprisoned
larva. But the long sprawling legs of the aphid made it clearly
impossible to cement the body to the leaf and the problem be-
fore the larva was to somehow bridge this gap. It thrust its
head at once through the opening and appeared to be care-
fully investigating the situation. Without entirely leaving the
cavity of the aphid's body it swung its flexible head about, not
aimlessly as it very soon proved, for in less than five minutes
it was busily at work to form its cocoon. Touching the sur-
face of the leaf with the tip of its pointed head, it spun a fine
silk thread, attached to the leaf at its lower end, and attempted

366 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

to make the upper end fast to the under side of the aphid's
body, but failed to make it adhere. Again and again it made
the same effort, but for some reason, perhaps because the sup-
ply of silk was insufficient, not a single strand spanned the gap.
It labored vigorously, rotating an entire circle in its anxiety to
succeed. All the while the cauda, and at times half of its body,
was hidden from view within the aphid's body, to which it yet
clung. For nearly fifteen minutes it twisted and turned, then
seemed to grow weary of its fruitless efforts and withdrew
entirely inside the body of the aphid.

After a rest of about ten minutes it once more showed its
head outside, followed again by nearly the entire body, retain-
ing as before a slight hold by means of the tip of the cauda.
This time the spinning was successfully inaugurated and the
head went ceaselessly from the leaf to the body above, leaving
a ragged and irregular barricade of uneven and perpendicular
silk threads arranged in a rude circle. By its serpent-like
movements in confined quarters, the larva partly lifted and
supported the empty skin of its host on a bend of its writhing
body, and as it shifted its position during its slow rotation,
the body above rocked like a boat in a gale. Gradually the
row of simple upright strands began insensibly to grow more
complex, braces stiffened them at the lower end, diagonal
threads were occasionally thrown against them and the struc-
ture assumed more and more the appearance of a real fabric.
The larva worked cleverly, straining the threads at times al-
most to the breaking point, but never doing any actual dam-
age to its previous work. Never for a moment did it pause in
its labor during all the hours it was under observation. It
seemed to realize to some extent the meagerness of its re-
sources and^he necessity of haste in creating a shelter.

After about two hours of unremitting efforts the structure
was near enough completed to justify it in abandoning its for-
mer home, so it withdrew its mucilaginous bulk from its birth-
place and coiled itself within the mesh of fibers that had been
spun. It seemed hardly possible that it could move about in so
small a space, but it showed wonderful elasticity and went to
work more feverishly than ever, turning slowly around to dis-

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 367

tribute the silk evenly on all the uprights. It was impossible
not to admire the clumsy skill with which this uncouth creature,
for the first and only time in its life, wove its protective screen
and overcame the difficulties that hindered the operation.

As more threads were added the fabric became finally so
opaque that it was no longer possible to see what was taking
place within.

Just at this time another larva began operations beneath its
host and the previous observations were easily duplicated.

The adults from both these larvae emerged July 22d, just
seven days from the time the larvae began to spin themselves in.

A New Trichodes (Cleridae, Coleop.).
By J. WAGENER GREEN, Easton, Pa.

Trichodes bicinctus n. sp.

Moderately robust, elytra slightly broader behind middle. Color
black with greenish lustre, base of antennae, palpi, labrum, legs partly,
and sides of abdominal segments, pale. Antennal club reddish varying
to dark brown. Elytra reddish or fulvous, with antemedian fascia
interrupted at suture, a second and slightly wider fascia at apical
third, and apex narrowly, black. The apical black spot is concave
anteriorly and produced forward on suture and side margin, some-
times uniting with post-median fascia and completely enclosing a
rounded pale spot.

Labrum entire or very slightly emarginate. Antennal club broadly
triangular. Front concave. Head and thorax finely, rather closely
punctured, the latter with slight median smooth space at base. Pubes-
cence fulvous, moderately long on thorax, short on elytra, longer near
scutellum. Elytra coarsely punctate, more finely toward base. Apices
rounded in both sexes. Body beneath and legs densely clothed with
long white pubescence. Penultimate ventral segment of male broadly
emarginate, as usual.

Length 11-12 mm.

Brewster County, Texas, about twenty miles south of Marfa,
July 14 to 25. Two males, a female in the collection of Mr.
Wenzel, of Philadelphia. Type in my collection.

Resembles simulator, apirorns and hiholteatns in style of
maculation. Readily distinguished from the last by the apical
elytral spot, and from the first two by the pale antennal club.
Differs from all in the bicolored legs. The femora are more
or less pale beneath at base, the anterior and median tibiae
slightly paler at apex in the males, almost entirely reddish in
the female.

368

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Oct., '17

An Egg Parasite of the Sumac Flea-Beetle
(Hym., Chalcid.).

By C. R. CROSBY and M. D. LEONARD, Cornell University,

Ithaca, New York.

Mr. Loren B. Smith, of Norfolk, Virginia, has sent us speci-
mens of a hymenopterous parasite reared by him from the eggs
of the sumac flea-beetle (Blcpharida rhois Forster). The spe-
cies is apparently undescribed.

Tetrastichus ovipransus n. sp.

9 Length, 1.2 mm. General color bluish black. Head bluish black,
brownish in front of ocelli in alcoholic specimens. Thorax bluish
black, very finely longitudinally striolate. Antennae yellowish brown,
scape noticeably paler. The relative length of the antennal segments
may be expressed by the following ratio : scape 6, pedicel 3, funicle
segments 4, 4.5, 4.5, club 10. Ring segment small but distinct. The
three-segmented club is of the same width as the funicle segments and
pointed at the tip. Coxae and femora, except tip, black, remainder of
legs pale straw colored. Abdomen dark brownish with a metallic
tinge, especially above.

Described from 14 female specimens reared July 20, 1916,
and 3 female specimens reared June 24, 1916, from eggs of
Blcpharida rhois, Norfolk, Virginia.

Types in the Cornell University collection. Type No. 76.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 369

Indian Gall Midges (Cecidomyiidae, Dipt.).

By E. P. FELT, Albany, New York.

The writer has been privileged, through the courtesy of Prof.
Ramakrishna, of South India, to study two small collections
of gall midges reared or obtained from the vicinity of various
grasses. In addition to data given in a preceding paper,* we
would record the rearing of the rice or paddy gall midge,
Pachydiplosis oryzac \Yood-Mason, from Panicnm stacminnm,
and the capture of adults referable with very little question to
this species, in light traps. The specimens taken in early Octo-
ber, 1916, were heavy with eggs. Pseudhormomyia fluvialis
Felt was reared, in addition to food plants previously recorded,
from Panicnm piinctatum, and both this species and the closely
related P. cornea are here referred to Dyodiplosis Rubs. Be-
low we describe one new species and all the stages of a very
interesting midge, the adults previously being unknown and ten-
tatively referred to Oligotrophus Latr.

Hormomyia ischaemi Kieff.

1910 Kieffer, J. J. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Bull., No. 3, p. 71.
(Oligotrophus.)

Adults and specimens of the gall of this insect, provisionally
referred to Hormomyia, were received from Prof. T. V. Rama-
krishna, Coimbatore, S. India, under date of November Q.
1916, accompanied by the statement that the insects were reared
from a gall on Ischacmum pilosnm and were very likely iden-
tical with the species described from the larva and gall by Dr.
Kieffer as Oligotrophus ischaemi, which latter is probable
though not certain. The larva described by Dr. Kieffer, if this
species, is evidently a young stage, since the large size of the
midges preclude their developing from such a small full-grown
Irirva.

Gall. Length II to 18 cm., diameter 3 to 4 mm. This is a reddish,
cylindrical tube pointed at the apex and sheathed at the hase by scale-
like leaves. The interior is hollow for practically its whole length
and emergence is through a small hole near the tip (characters in
part from L. A. Boodle, p. 70, /. r.).

Egg. Length .2 mm., ovate, cylindrical, whitish and apparently pro-

* Ent. News 28 73-76.

37O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct. ,'17

duced in great numbers, since several hundred were found in a vial
containing a portion of a gall and one dilapidated female.

Larva. It is probable, as stated above, that the whitish larva de-
scribed by Dr. Kieffer, /. c., p. 71, is a very young stage or does not be-
long to this species. A free translation of Dr. Kieffer's description
follows :

Larva white, length 2 mm., smooth, the spiny warts very fine and
situated on the ventral part of the last two thoracic segments and all
of the abdominal segments. The papillae are all simple, save the eight
terminal ones, which are provided with very short, scarcely distinct
hairs; the pleural and sternal papillae are equally large; the mesial
pleural papillae arranged in groups of three ; the anterior ventral and
posterior papillae small and hardly apparent. Antennal segment round-
ed, deeply emarginate in the middle, dorsally with sparse granulations
on the anterior portion, the posterior part nearly smooth; breastbone
yellow, large, sessile, as long as large and with two triangular teeth
which have a length twice the width of the base and are separated by
a broadly 'rounded emargination.

Exuvium. $ . Length 5 mm., moderately stout, yellowish transparent,
the thoracic horns slender, slightly curved, nearly cylindrical and with
a length about five times the diameter. Antennal cases probably ex-
tending to the base of the abdomen and with triangular basal processes
with a length about three times the diameter of the base and thickened
apically; the wing cases reaching to the tip of the second abdominal
segment, and the leg cases to the fifth or sixth abdominal segments;
the dorsum of the latter slightly chitinized and with an irregular
series of three or four transverse rows of chitinous spines.

$ Length 3.5 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, thickly
haired, yellowish brown; 14 segments, the fifth almost trinodose, the
stems with a length i% and \y2 times their diameters, respectively;
basal enlargement subglobose, with a sparse subbasal whorl of stout
setae and a subapical circumfilum, the loops numerous, with a length
about half the diameter of the enlargement and forming an almost
double row, the latter being true of the middle and distal fili ; terminal
segment somewhat produced, the basal portion of the stem with a
length about twice its diameter, the distal enlargement subcylindric and
with a length nearly three times its diameter, and apically a large,
fusiform appendage, a rudimentary segment.

Palpi; first segment irregularly ovoid, the second a little longer and
stouter, the third more than twice the length of the second and
tapering uniformly from a somewhat swollen base. Eyes holoptic.

Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum concolorous, postsctitel-
lum dark reddish brown. Abdomen dark yellowish brown, somewhat
variable, the genitalia yellowish ; the terminal clasp segment fuscous
apically.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 371

Wings suhhyaline, brownish, shorter than the body, the third vein,
uniting with the margin well beyond the apex, the fifth vein joining
the posterior margin at the distal fourth, its branch beyond the
basal half; halteres yellowish basally, brownish yellow apically.

Coxae reddish brown ; legs mostly yellowish brown, the tarsi some-
what darker.

Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, broad, swollen basally; terminal
clasp segment moderately long, nearly straight ; dorsal plate short,
broad, deeply and narrowly emarginate, the lobes narrowly rounded;
ventral plate a little longer, broad, broadly rounded apically.

9 Length 5 mm. Antennae probably three-fourths the length of
the body, sparsely haired, dark brown ; 14 segments, the fifth with a
stem one-fourth the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement, which
latter has a length about four times its diameter and low, looped cir-
cumfili near the basal third and subapically.

Palpi; first segment irregular, the second a little longer, subquadrate,
the third more than twice the length of the second, slender and nearly
uniform in diameter.

Mesonotum dark brownish black, the submedian lines sparsely haired.
Scutellum and postscutellum concolorous, the former with a few
golden hairs apically. Abdomen shining dark brownish black, sparsely
clothed with short hairs.

Wings slightly fuscous and only about two-thirds the length of the
abdomen, the third vein uniting with the margin just beyond the apex
of the wing, the fifth with the indistinct anterior branch joining the
posterior margin at the distal fourth and the posterior branch beyond
the basal half; halteres yellowish orange basally, fuscous subapically.

Coxae and legs a nearly uniform dark brown; claws moderately stout,
strongly curved subapically, simple; pulvilli nearly as long as the claws.

Ovipositor short, the lobes irregularly oval, with a length about one-
half greater than the width and rather thickly setose.

Type Cecid. a 2781.

Dyodiplosis andropogonis n. sp.

The species described below was received from Prof. T. V.
Ramakrishna, Government Entomologist, Agricultural College
and Research Institute, Coimbatore, South India, under date of
November 9, 1916. accompanied by a statement to the effect
that the midges were reared from galls in a common perennial
grass, Andropogon annulatus, at Adoni, Bellary District, Sep-
tember 23, 1916, and labeled Y. R. Rao Coll. These insects
are similar to though quite distinct from Pseudhormomyia flu-

372 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., '17

vialis Felt and P. cornea Felt, both received earlier from the
same correspondent. These last two species are congeneric with
the one to be characterized and now referred to the genus Dy-
odiplosis.

$ Length 2 mm. Antennae one-half longer than the body, thickly
haired, yellowish brown; 14 segments, the stems with a length one
and one-fourth and two and one-half times their diameters, respectively,
the distal enlargement with a length one and three-fourths greater
than its diameter and only slightly constricted near the basal third as
compared with D. fluz'ialis. The circumfili are fine and moderately
long; terminal segment produced, the basal portion of the stem with
a length three times its diameter, the distal enlargement cylindric, with
a length fully three times its diameter and apically a moderately stout,
rather long, conical process.

Palpi; first segment short, irregular, with a length about one-half
greater than its diameter, the second a little longer and broader, the
third about as long as the two preceding, more slender.

Mesonotum purplish brown, the submedian lines and posterior me-
dian areas yellowish. Scutellum and postscutellum mostly pale yellow-
ish. Abdomen sparsely haired, a variable dark brown basally, yellow-
ish brown apically.

Wings hyaline ; halteres yellowish basally, light brown apically.

Legs mostly a pale straw.

Genitalia; basal clasp segment moderately long, stout; terminal clasp
segment distinctly swollen basally, tapering; dorsal plate deeply and
triangularly emarginate, the divergent lobes narrowly rounded; ventral
plate long, broad, subtruncate apically, the posterior border slightly
and roundly emarginate ; style a little longer than the ventral plate.

9 Length 3 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely
haired, dark reddish brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-
third the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has
a length about four times its diameter and sparse whorls of stout
setae subbasally and apically ; terminal segment hardly produced, the
enlargement with a length three and one-half times its diameter and
apically a rather broad subconical process.

Abdomen sparsely haired, mostly dark reddish brown, the seventh
segment and the lobes of the ovipositor yellowish brown; halteres yel-
lowish basally, reddish brown apically ; claws long, rather slender
strongly curved apically, the pulvilli a little shorter than the claws.

Ovipositor short, tapering, the lobes with a length over twice the
width and tapering irregularly to a narrowly rounded, setose apex
Otherwise as in the male.

Type — Cecid. a 2782.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1917.

The Lack of Entomologists.

The war has resulted in a great demand for men and women
trained in many lines of work. Many activities which the
times have brought into being will doubtless meet with such
approval as to insure their continuance after the fighting has
ceased. As in other fields of science, the present supply of
entomologists does not meet the demand.

Mr. V. I. Safro, of Louisville, Kentucky, as quoted in Report
No. 3 of the Emergency Entomological Service (U, S. Dept.
Agric.), calls attention

to the difficulty of obtaining adequately trained men for emergency
entomological work and suggests the advisability of giving them spe-
cial training. . . . Many of the standard recommendations apply to
conditions in gardens or in small cultures and do not necessarily apply
to the conditions in various regions where very extensive cultures of
onions and similar crops are undertaken. . . . Growers want to know
not only how to combat certain insect pests but [also] how certain
operations can be economically combined with other operations. To
meet this important situation, extension entomologists should be
thoroughly acquainted with the control of plant diseases as well as
insect pests and the mechanical equipment necessary for effective work.
Too often our economic entomologists ignore the fact that their recom-
mendations cannot possibly be conducive to the best _ results ^unless
they know and explain how growers can combine fungicides with in-
secticides, thereby reducing one of the main items of expense, the
labor. Many growers will not spray at all for certain insects unless
they know that the insect spray can be combined with Bordeaux or
some other fungicide.

Again Dr. T. J- Headlee. State Entomologist of New Terse- v.
says (in Report No. 4 of the same series) of the farm dem-
onstration service in that State :

The greatest weakness of the whole service is the lack of trained
men to do sufficiently thorough entomological scouting. This lack is
a real handicap because outbreaks of considerable proportions are
si mil-times not thoroughly appreciated until they are about ready to
occur and this means that a good many growers will be unable to -el
malt-rials and machinery in time to do effective work.

There would therefore seem to be great opportunities for
useful service to the nation in applied entomology and encour-
agement to those who may be thinking of an entomological
career.

373

374 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l

Notes and Nevsrs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OP THE GLOBE.

Sex Attraction Overcome by Light Stimulation (Lepid., Col.).

Those who are familiar with Fabre's delightful stories in "The Life
of the Caterpillar" will remember that he was greatly exercised in en-
deavoring to account for the facility with which the male moth will
recognize from a great distance the existence of his mate. The usual
theory of the operation of the sense of smell was to him utterly un-
satisfactory.

Many years ago I was astonished at the great number of male Ce-
cropia that came to a cage in which I had females confined. By re-
ferring to my statement in the ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS of May, 1895,
I find that in addition to the number destroyed by robins and cats, the
wings being the principal part of the debris left, I counted three hun-
dred and forty-two specimens taken in four nights. I am reminded of
this old story by a recent experience.

For many years Tclca polyphemus has been in this immediate neigh-
borhood an exceedingly rare insect. Last autumn I had given me a
few Polyphemus cocoons gathered from trees some ten or fifteen miles
distant. When recently the moths began to emerge, I left two females
in a cage on my back porch for several nights, and while the number
of arriving and inquisitive males (eighteen in all) was not large, as
compared with my previous Cecropia experience, there was one curious
feature in connection with their advent, on which I should be glad to
hear Fabre philosophize if he were still with us. I have every reason
to believe that the male moths came to my lure from a considerable
distance. When they arrived, or possibly soon afterward, they dis-
covered, only five or six feet from the cage in which were confined
the females they were doubtless seeking, an electric light illuminating
my insect trap which, except on brilliant moonlight nights, attracts all
sorts of nocturnal hexapods. Their attention seems to have been thus
distracted from their previous quest and instead of going to the cage,
or remaining there, if possibly they reached it, they all without excep-
tion made their way into the trap from which they could not escape.
The brilliant light seems to have had so strong an influence upon them
as to have counteracted their previous inclination rendering it power-
less. It was also very noticeable that the wild moths, with but a single
exception, were smaller than those hatched in captivity, a circumstance
possibly indicating a less abundant or a less invigorating food-plant on
which the larvae had been feeding.

My insect trap disposes of a great many Lachno sterna. Within the

Vol. xxviiil ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 375

last few nights (mid-June, 1917) it has taken one hundred and eighty-
one JntiliSj but there have been caught only three ru<j<>xa, while fusca,
usually most abundant, has not been represented at all. — O. S. WEST-
COTT, Oak Park, Illinois.

Emergency Entomological Service.

Numbers 3, 4 and 5 of the reports of the Emergency Entomological
Service, United States Dept. of Agriculture, "Reporting cooperation
between Federal, State and Station Entomologists and other Agencies,"
have appeared since the preceding issue of the NEWS. They are
dated July I, August I, and September i, and consist of 21, 28 and
25 mimeographed pages, respectively.

Among their more important contents are notes of new legislation in
Illinois whereby the State Dept. of Agriculture has authority to
compel owners, or other occupiers, of property infested by insect
pests or plant diseases to take measures to arrest or prevent the same
under penalties (upon conviction) of fines of $10 to $100 for each
and every offense; the establishment of an Insect Pest Survey and
Information Service by Dr. E. P. Felt, under the New York Food Sup-
ply Commission (a description of the workings of this Survey by
Prof. C. R. Crosby is given in No. 4) ; a similar survey in Ohio under
Prof. H. A. Gossard; the use of farm demonstrators in practically
every county in New Jersey, reported by Dr. T. J. Headlee, and in
Tennessee under Mr. G. M. Bentley; a systematic educational campaign
in Mississippi leading up to "Spray Your Orchard Week," December
9-15, 1917, to be so designed by proclamation of the Governor.

The Food Production Act, approved by President Wilson August 10,
1917, appropriates $441,000 "for the prevention, control and eradication
of insects and plant diseases injurious to agriculture, and the conser-
vation and utilization of plant products." Of this sum $145,775 nas
been allotted to the Bureau of Entomology. A statement is given in
No. 5 of the way in which it is proposed to expend this sum. "It is
contemplated to inaugurate the present fall an extensive campaign
against the Hessian fly and to undertake work on a large scale in the
control of insects injurious to stored grains, peas, beans and stored
products generally. During the winter, work in dormant tree spraying
for scale insects, fumigation of citrus trees and similar activities will
be actively pushed. . . . Never before in the history of economic
entomology in this country have there been funds to carry, on so large
a scale directly to the farmer, fruit grower, stock man and others,
practical instruction in the treatment of insect pests."

Reports on insect injuries in 15 States are given in No. 3, in 25
States in No. 4, and in 21 States in No. 5. Among the insects whose
depredations have been more serious are :

3/6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., '17

Grasshoppers in California, western Montana (the Rocky Mountain
migratory locust), Nebraska, North and South Dakota, Iowa, southern
Indiana, Michigan, the District of Columbia, New York, Vermont and
C. (niiiccticut; ,

Hessian fly in eastern Kansas;

chinch bug in Oklahoma and southwestern Illinois;

wircworms (Melanotus larvae) in Montana, Idaho and eastern Ne-
braska;

aphids on barley in southern Arizona, on melons in Nebraska and
the Gulf region from Florida to Texas, on conifers in Colorado, on
potatoes and tomatoes in Kentucky, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Virginia and Massachusetts, on cabbage in Nebraska, Missouri, New
Jersey and Iowa and aphids generally in gardens in cities of Indiana
planted on ground which has not been in cultivation for a number of
years ;

plum curculio in northeastern Ohio and New Jersey (but not in
West Virginia or Georgia) ;

the sheep bot in Mississippi;

the mole-cricket in coastal South Carolina;

red spider in North Carolina on cotton, in Texas on beans and
alfalfa;

cut worms in Indiana;

southern corn root-worm beetle (Diabrotica 12-punctata) in western
Illinois;

lesser corn stalk borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) in the Gulf
States, particularly Mississippi;

boll weevil in Florida, southern and central Texas and Arkansas;

sod web-worms (Crambus species) in northern Illinois;

fall web worms (Hyphantria spp.) in Louisiana, Mississippi and
New York;

white-marked tussock moth in eastern Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio,
Indiana, Connecticut and many other States; other foliage insects are
also noted;

seed corn maggot (Phorbia fusciccps) in New York:

Colorado potato beetle in Virginia, Wisconsin, Arizona and Mis-
souri, although reported as not very destructive elsewhere.

"The area infested by the alfalfa weevil is producing the only good
first crop of alfalfa seen there in five years."

The "surplus of arsenate of lead and Paris green in the country
is very low;" arsenate of lime is being substituted for arsenate of lead
in Nova Scotia, arsenite of zinc for Paris green in Montana, at a
large saving.

Decrease in the natural insect enemies of coniferous bark beetles

\ol.XXviii] ENTOMOLOi.U'AL MOWS. 377

(Dendroctonus) in the Pike's Peak region of Colorado is especially
noticeable. On the other hand, parasitic flies (Sarcophaga) attacking
grasshoppers are increasing in Montana.

"The destructive result of the hot weather in Southern California
[June 14-17: 115-120 deg. F.] against citrus pests has been about
equivalent to a season's insecticide treatment." "The unusual amount
of rain in the spring" in northeastern Louisiana "gave rise to an un-
usually high density of malaria mosquitoes early in the season with a
consequent early appearance of active cases of malaria." This was
followed by "lack of rain and high temperatures operating on both
the larvae in the breeding places of these mosquitoes and the activity
of the adults. The reduction in the active cases of malaria is already
apparent." An "unprecedented number of fleas" (4 species) reported
from the vicinity of Dallas, Texas, is believed to have been "correlated
with the rather uniform distribution of rainfall during the spring
months and probably a high humidity."

One of the largest flights of may-beetles (Lachnostcrna} experi-
enced in several years covered the entire State of New Jersey.

Copies of all entomological literature, as letters, special bulletins,
circulars, press-notices, posters, etc., issued by State and Station ento-
mologists, State Councils of Defense, Boards of Health and other
bodies in connection with the present war emergency, are requested
by the Bureau of Entomology at Washington, in order that as complete
a file as possible may be preserved for reference use in its library.

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted,
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Kn-
tomology, Scries A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

3 — The American Naturalist. 4 — The Canadian Entomologist.
5 — Psyche. 8 — T! . omoloi/i' f's Monthly Magazine, London.

11 — Annals and IviaKaznu1 of Natural History, London.

3/8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., '17

Comptes Rendus, L'Academie des Sciences, Paris. 50 — Proceed-
ings, U. S. National Museum. 51 — -Novitates Zoologicae, Tring,
England. 87 — Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris.
121 — Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturclles, Geneva. 143
—Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 161 — Proceedings,
Biological Society of Washington. 163 — American Journal of
Science, New Haven, Conn. 179 — Journal of Economic Entomol-
ogy. 180 — Annals, Entomological Society of America. 184 — Jour-
nal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 198 — Biological Bul-
letin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 200—
Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, Paris 220 —
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick.
242 — Transactions, Royal Society of Canada (Hd Scries), Ottawa.
257 — Bulletin, Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee. 313 — .
Bulletin of Entomological Research, London. 335 — Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections. 350 — Bulletin from the Laboratory of
Natural History of the State University of Iowa, Iowa City. 394
— Parasitology, Cambridge, England. 408 — Dominion of Canada
Department of Agriculture Experimental Farms, Division of Ento-
mology, Ottawa. 411 — Bulletin, The Brooklyn Entomological So-
ciety. 417 — University Studies, Lincoln, Nebraska. 447 — Journal
of Agricultural Research, Washington. 454 — North Carolina De-
partment of Agriculture, Raleigh. 478 — Miscellaneous Publica-
tions, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. 503 — Ver-
handlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 507 — •
Occasional Papers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan
513 — South African Journal of Sciences, Cape Town. 515 — Pro-
ceedings, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. 524 — .
Technical Bulletins, Entomology, University of California. Berke-
ley. 533 — Memoirs, American Entomological Society. 538 — Lor-
quinia, Los Angeles. 549 — Revue Zoologique Russe, Moscow.

GENERAL SUBJECT.— Allard, H. A.— Synchronism and syn-
chronic rhythm in the behavior of certain creatures, 3, li, 438-46.
Baumberger, J. P. — Hibernation: a periodical phenomenon, 180,
x, 179-86. Bethune, C. J. S. — Bibliography of Canadian entomology
for the year 1915, 242, x, Sec. 4, 169-87. Carson, H. L.— The trial of
animals and insects. A little known chapter of mediaeval juris-
prudence, 515, Ivi, 410-15. Cockerell, T. D. A. — Some fossil insects
from Florissant, Colorado, 50, liii, 389-392. Coleman, Geo. A. — >
The development of the motion picture and its place in educational
work, 179, x, 371-3. Crampton, G. C.— The nature of the vera>
cervix or neck region in insects, 180, x, 187-97. Mclndoo, N. E. — •
Recognition among insects, 335, Ixviii, No. 2, 78 pp. Mally, C. ~W.
—On the selection and breeding of desirable strains of beneficial

Vol. XXVlii ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 379

insects, 513, xiii, 191-5. Moore, W. — Toxicity of various benzine
derivatives to insects, 447, ix, :i71-81. Vorhies, C. T. — Notes on
the fauna of Great Salt Lake, 3, li, 495-9. Wilson, T.— Obituary
note by C. G. Hewitt, 4, 1917, 289-90. Zavarzin, A. — Quelquea
donnees sur la structure du systeme ncrveux intestinal dcs insectes,
549, i, 176-80.

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Patterson & Porter-
Studies on the biology of Paracopidosomopsis. II. Spermatoge-
nesis of males reared from unfertilized eggs, 198, xxxiii, 38-4S.
Shaffer, E. L. — Mitochondria and other Cytoplasmic structures in
the spermatogenesis of Passalus cornutus, 198, xxxii, 407-34.

MEDICAL. Herms, W. B.— A state wide malaria-mosquito
survey of California, 179, x, 359-70. Zetek, J. — The ecology of
bubonic plague, 180, x, 198-206.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Hirst, S.— On the occurrence of a pseudo-
parasitic mite (Cheletiella parasitivorax) on the domestic cat, 11,
xx, 132-3. Patten, B. M. — Reactions of the whip-tail scorpion to
light, 184, xxiii, 251-75.

Emerton, J. H. — New spiders from Canada and the adjoining
States [17 new], 4, 1917, 261-72. Ewing, H. E.— A synopsis of the
genera of beetle mites with special reference to the North Ameri-
can fauna [12 n. gen.], 180, x. 117-132.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Campion, H.— On Fabricius's types of
Odonata in the British Museum (N. H.), 11, xix, 441-50. Combs,
A. F. — Notes on a collection of Odonata from Schoolcraft County,
Michigan, 507, No. 41, 8 pp. Williamson, E. B. — An annotated list
of the Odonata of Indiana, 478, No. 2, 12 pp.

Currie, B. P. — Gomphus parvidens, a n. species of dragonfly from
Maryland, 50, liii, 223-6. Kennedy, C. H. — A new sp. of Sotnato-
chlora (Odonata), with notes on the Cingulata-group, 4, 1917,
229-36. McGregor, E. A. — Six new sps. of Mallophaga from North
American mammals, 180, x, 167-78.

ORTHOPTERA. Hebard, M.— The Blattidae of North Amer-
ica, north of Mexico, 533, 2, 284 pp.

HEMIPTERA. Baker & Davidson— A further contribution to
the study of Erisoma pyricola, the woolly pear aphis, 447, x, 65-74.
Davidson, W. M. — The reddish-brown plum aphis (Rhopalosiphtmi
nympheae), 179, x, 350-3. Distant, W. L. — On ?ome Rhynchota of
economic importance from Colombia, 313, vii, :;si-2. Ferris, G. F.

—Methods for the study of mealy-bugs, 179, x. 321-5. Gibson, E. H.

—Key to the species of Leptoglossus occurring north of Mexico,

380 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., *!/

5, xxiv, 69-73. A key to the species of Dictyophora. 411, xii, 69-71.
Gillette & Bragg — The migratory habits of Myzus rihis, 179, x.
338-40. Hollinger, A. H. — A new sp. of Phenacoccns. •:, 1917, 281-4.
Hungerford, H. B. — The life history of Mesovelia mulsanti, 5,
xxiv, 73-84. Knight, H. H. — Records of European Miridae occur-
ring in No. America, 4, 1917, 248-52. Newstead, R. — Observations
on scale-insects (Coccidae), III, 313, vii, 343-80. Quayle, H. J.—
Some comparisons of Coccus citricola and C. hesperidum. 179, x,
373-6. Stoner, D. — The Pentatomoidea of the Lake Okoboji region
(Iowa), 350, vii, 39-47.

Drake, C. J. — The No. American species of Monanthia [2 new]

411, xii, 49-52. Essig, E. O.— Aphididae of California chiefh

from the campus of the University [4 new], 524, Ent. i, 301-346.
Florence, L. — The pacific coast species of Xylococcus [1 new],
180, x, 147-66. Gillette, C. P. — Some Colorado species of the genus
Lachnus [3 new], 180, x, 133-46. McAtee, W. L.— Key to the
nearctic species of Leptoypha and Leptost3'la [:> new], 411, xii.
55-64. Osborn & Drake — Notes on American Tingidae with de-
scriptions of [10] new species, 143, xvii, 295-307. Shinji, G. O.—
Notes on aphids [1 new], 5, xxiv, 84-6.

LEPIDOPTERA. Busck, A.— The pink boll worm. Pectino-
phora gossypiella, 447, ix, 343-70. Cholodkovsky, N. — Sur les
glandes odoriferes de 1'appareil genital feminin des L., 549, i, 215-16.
Colthrup, C. W. — Resting attitudes of moths and some notes on
their habits (cont.). (Wild Life, London, ix, 179.). Courvoisier,
L. G.— Ueber mannchenschuppen bei Lycaeniden, 503, xxvii, 11-48.
Hampson, G. F. — A classification of the Pyralidae, subfamily Gal-
lerianae, 51, xxiv, 17-58. Joicey & Kaye — New races and aberra-
tions of Heliconius, 11, xx, 87-94. Jordan, K. — Two new American
moths, 51, xxiv, 56-60. Marsh, H. O. — Life history of Plutella
maculipennis, the diamond-back moth, 447, x, 1-9. Pictet, A. — Sur
1'origine de quelques races geographiques de L., 121, xliii, r>04-(>.
Prout, L. B. — New Geometridae in the Joicey collection, 11, xx
10S-28. Rothschild, L. — On some apparently new Notodontidae,
51, xxiv, 231-64. Tarns, W. H. T. — Euplexia lucipara, as repre-
sented in the British Isles and No. America, 8, 1917, 157-9. Tucker,
E. S. — Louisiana records of the bind-weed prominent (Schizura
ipomeae), 4, 1917, 280-1. Wolley-Dod, F. H.— Collection of Macro-
Lepidoptera, owned by F. H. Wolley-Dod, Midnapore, Alta, Can-
ada, 4, 1917, 240-8.

DIPTERA. Atkin & Bacot — The relation between the hatching
of the eggs and the development of the larvae of Stegomyia fasci-
ata, and the presence of bacteria and yeasts, 394, ix, ix:.;-;>;',r>. Baum-

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 3^ [

berger, J. P. — Solid media for rearing Drosophila. 3, li. 447-8.
Ejikoff, I. — Influence de 1'inanition sur la metamorphose des
mouches a ver, 549, ii, 119-21. Keilin, D.— Sur quelques cas d'ano-
malie chez les D., 87, 1917, 193-0. Recherches sur les Anthomyides
a larves carnivores, 394, ix, 326-450. Kirk, H. B.— Notes on fly-
control in military camps, 16 pp. (New Zealand Defence Dept.,
Wellington.). Kislink, M. — Some winter observations of muscid
flies, 143, xvii, 284-94. Richardson, C. H. — The domestic flies of
New Jersey, 220, Bui. No. 307. Scott, H.— Notes on Nycteribiidae,
with descriptions of two new genera, 394, ix, 593-610. Stiles, C. W.
—Notice to the zoological profession of a possible suspension of
the international rules of zoological nomenclature in case of
Musca and Calliphora, 11, xix, 484.

Banks, N. — Synopsis of the genus Dasyllis [6 n. sps.], 411, xii.
52-5. Jones, C. R.— New sps. of Colorado Syrphidae [18 new], 180,
x, 219-31. Knab, F. — On some No. American species of Microdon,
161, xxx, 133-144. Malloch, J. R. — A new No. American sp. of the
genus Tetramerinx; The anthomyiid genus Phyllogaster [l new],
4, 1917, 225-26; 227-8.

COLEOPTERA. Bordas, L. — Ponte du Rhynchite coupe-bour-
gon (Rhynchites conicus) et anatomic, 12, 1917, 70-3. Burke, H. E.
— Notes on some western Buprestidae, 179, x, 325-32. Champion,
G. C. — Notes on Tropical American Lagriidae, with descriptions of
new species (cont.), 8, 1917, 132. Howard, L. O.— An interesting
manuscript, 5, xxiv, 87-8. Metcalf, Z. P.— Biological investigations
of Sphenophorus callosus, 454, Exp. Sta. Tech. Bui., 13, 123 pp.
Weise, J. — Coleopterorum catalogus, Pars 68: Chrysomelidae; 12.
Chrysomelinae, 253 pp.

Blatchley, W. S. — On some new or noteworthy C. from the west
coast of Florida, II. [4 new], 4, 1917, 236-40 (cont.). Fisher, W. S.
— A new sp. of Agrilus from California, 4, 1917, 287-9. Swaine, J.
M. — Canadian bark-beetles. Pt. 1. Descriptions of new species [2
n. g., 39 n. sps.], 408, Bui. 14, 32 pp. Wickham, H. F. — Some fossil
beetles from the Sangamon peat [9 new], 163, xliv, 137-i:>.

HYMENOPTERA. Bordas, L. — Anatomic des glandcs veni-
meuses des Pimplinae, 87, 1917, 197-8. Cholodkovsky, N.— Sur les
papilles eversibles des larves tentredinides du genre Xematus, 549,
i, 216-19. Cockerell, TJ D. A. — Some neotropical Megachilid bees, 4,
1917, 252-4. Descriptions and records of bees — LXXV, 11, xix,
473-81. Grinnell, F., Jr. — A rare and interesting wasp, 538, xi, 86.
Mickel, C. E. — Notes on Nebraska Bembicinae, 4, 1917, 285-7.
Patterson, J. T. — Studies on the biology of Paracopidosomopsis.
III. Maturation and fertilization, 198, xxxiii, 57-(ii;. Rabaud, E. —

382 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

Sur les hymenopteres parasites des ootheques d'Orthopteres, 87,
1917, 178. Rohwer & Pagan— The type-species of the genera of
the Cynipoidea, or the gall wasps and parasitic cynipids, 50, liii,
357-80. Roubaud, E. — Observations biologiques sur Nasonia brevi-
cornis, chalcidide parasite des pupes de muscides, 200 (7), 1, 425-39.
Smith, E. J.— Cleaning bumble-bees, 4, 1917, 291. Smith, H. S.—
The habit of leaf-oviposition among the parasitic H., 5, xxiv, 63-8.

Girault, A. A. — The No. Am. species of Pachyneuron with three
n. sps.; New miscellaneous chalcid-flies from No. Am. [15 new];
A new sp. of the gen. Mymar from the woods of Maryland, with
an important descriptive note. A metallic sp. of Cirrospilopsis
from Maryland. A new sp. of Closterocerus from California. A
new gen. or subgen. of Pachyneurine chalcid-flies, 5, xxiv, 88-90;
99-102. Graenicher, S. — Bees of northwestern Wisconsin [7 new],
257, 1, 221-49. Rohwer, S. A. — Descriptions of 31 n. species of H.,
50, liii, 151-76. Swenk, M. H. — Studies of No. American bees. III.
Families Nomadidae and Stelididae [13 new], 417, xv, 155-93.

Doings of Societies.

Entomological Section, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-
delphia.

Meeting of March 22, 1917. Twelve persons present. Vice-director
R. C. Williams, Jr., presiding.

Lepidoptera. — Dr. Skinner reported on. and exhibited a collec-
tion of moths collected and presented by Mr. Morgan Hebard, which
contained over 1800 specimens. Especial attention was called to the
excellent condition of the material. The collection was made in the
summer of 1916, by the aid of a 30O-watt electric light, on the porch
of a cottage at Hot Springs, Virginia. A vote of thanks was given
Mr. Hebard for his generous donation, and Dr. Skinner was com-
plimented on the perfect preparation of the specimens.

Orthoptera. — Mr. Rehn exhibited a series of ParatcttLv pre-
sented to the Academy by Dr. Nabours, illustrating his studies on
inheritance of color patterns in the genus. The true breeding forms
and simple and multiple hybrids were represented in the splendidly
preserved material. Mr. Hebard made some remarks on his col-
lecting experiences in Royal Palm Key, Florida. He exhibited
some Orthoptera collected and showed some photographs of the habitat
of some of the species. He called attention to the difficulty in col-
lecting the walking stick Aplopus mayeri on account of its close re-
semblance to the branches and twigs of the bush on which it feeds.
It was only by looking for them at night, by flash light, that the adults
could be located. — E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 383

Feldman Collecting Social.

Meeting of March 21, 1917, at the home of H. W. Wenzel, 5614
Stewart St., Philadelphia. Seven members were present; President
H. A. Wenzel in the chair.

Lepidoptera. — Mr. Daecke exhibited Scopclosoma sidits Gn. col-
lected by Prof. Sanders in a railroad train at Philadelphia 11-26-17.

Coleoptera. — Mr. H. W. Wenzel exhibited the form of Cicindcla
hirticollis Say so common on the New Jersey shore and the extremely
large form from Narragansett Pier, June to Sept., 1916. Also the
immaculate form nigrita Davis, now known as rhodensis Calder, from
same place Aug. 21, 1916; Euphoria subtomentosa Mann, from Nogales,
Sta. Cruz County, Arizona, VIII-i2-i6, F. W. Nunenmacher collector;
Gymnopyge hopliaformis Linell, Palm Springs, California, III-29-i6,
C. L. Fox collector, and Oncerus floralis LeC, Palm Springs IV-i-i6.

Adjourned to the annex. — GEO. M. GREENE, Secretary.

American Entomological Society.

Meeting of April 26, 1917, in the hall of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, Dr. Henry Skinner, President, in the chair.
Eleven members and associates of the Entomological section of the
Academy present.

The Secretary read a letter from Dr. L. O. Howard, of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., requesting entomolo-
gists to report the discovery or presence of insect pests.

Odonata. — Mr. Laurent exhibited specimens of Trained Carolina
and Bpiaeschna hcros, collected in Gulf Hammock, Florida, during
last March. The speaker stated that Carolina was exceedingly abundant
on bright, sunny days, but disappeared towards twilight, when the
species would be replaced by large numbers of heros. On cloudy days
hardly a specimen of Carolina was to be seen, but hcros would be fly-
ing everywhere.

The meeting then adjourned to listen to an interesting talk by Dr.
Skinner on the early entomologists illustrated by portraits thrown on
the screen. — R. C. WILLIAMS, JR., Recording Secretary.

Butterfly Club Organized in Los Angeles.

On the evening of May 30th, Dr. John Comstock, Curator of the
Division of Entomology, Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, California.
addressed an audience on the subject of "P>utterfly Collecting. "

The talk was illustrated by Paget & Autochrome slides from the col-
lection of Dr. Dain L. Tasker. It was in the nature of a popular ad-
dress, and was given as a part of the extension program of the mu-
seum.

384 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., 'l/

Following the lecture, an association was formed as a department of
the museum, for the furtherance of entomological interests in the
southwest. The purpose of this organization is to popularize the study
of the Lepidoptera, and to make the work of the specialists in this
line more accessible to the laity. It is felt that in this manner con-
verts may be made to the ranks of the scientific Lepidopterists, such
as could not be brought about by an organization of technically trained
specialists.

OBITUARY NOTES.

A notice of the life of the Rev. OCTAVIUS PICKARD-CAM-
ERIDGE, who died at Bloxworth, Dorset, England, March 9,
1917, is given in the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (Lon-
don) for May, 1917. He was born in the same locality No-
vember 3, 1828, and was Rector of Bloxworth from 1868 to his
death. He gradviated from the University of Durham in 1858
and had studied law in London previous to entering the min-
istry. His publications dealt mainly with the Arachnida : on
the Spiders of the Second Yarkand Mission, of the Chal-
lenger expedition, of Dorset (but including those of all Brit-
ain), of a large part of those described in the Biologia Centrali-
Amcricana ; monographs of the British Phalangida and Cher-
netidae, etc. He possessed an extensive collection of British
Lepidoptera, especially the micros, largely gathered by him-
self. He must not be confused with his nephew, Frederick
Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1861-1905), who also wrote ex-
tensively on Arachnida and was a collaborator on the Biologia.

Mrs. HELEN GRIER LECONTE, widow of Dr. John L. LeConte
(1825-1883), the noted entomologist, died in Philadelphia, Sep-
tember 3, 1917, in her seventy-fifth year, at the home of her
son. Dr. Robert G. LeConte, a trustee of the University of
Pennsylvania and a member of the Council of the Academy
of Natural Sciences.

Corrections.

Page 335, this volume, line 5, for "1911" read "1917."
The numbers of Plates XXII and XXIII should be transposed.

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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate XXVI.

XlX

;

CHUESE GALL.— BAKER.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXVIII. NOVEMBER, 1917.

No. 9.

CONTENTS:

Baker— On the Chinese Gall (Aphidi-

dae— Horn.) 385

Cureau — Clouds of Butterflies (Lep. ).. 393

Tucker — Outbreaks of the Elegant
Looper (Philtraea elegantaria Hy.
Edw. )on Privet in Louisiana( Lep.) 394

Girault— The North American Species
of Trigonoderus Westwood, Fe-
males (Hymen.) 396

Crampton— A Phylogenetic Study of
the Lateral Head, Neck and Pro-
thoracic Regions in Some Aptery-
gota and Lower Pterygota 398

Warren — Habits of Some Burrowing
Scarabaeidae (Col.) 412

Davidson — Early Spring Syrphidae in
California and a new Pipiza (Dip.) 414

Stevens — Preliminary List of North
Dakota Wasps exclusive of Eu-
menidae (Hym.) 419

Editorial— The News for 1918 424

Holloway — Abundance of the Fall

Web Worm (Lep.) 425

The Entomological Collections of the

University of Michigan 425

Entomological Literature 426

Review of Hebard : The Blattidae of
North America north of the Mexi-
can Boundary 430

Doings of Societies— Entom. Section
of the Academy of Natural Scien-
ces of Phila. ( Hymen., Orth., Lep.) 431
The Entomological Society of Nova

Scotia 431

Entomological Section of the Lor-

quin Natural History Club 432

The Florida Entomological Society
and its New Organ 432

On the Chinese Gall (Aphididae — Horn.).
By A. C. BAKER, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C.

(Plate XXVI.)

The galls produced by an aphid on Rhus scmialata have for
many centuries been an important article of commerce in
China. They are employed in dyeing and tanning, as well as
in native medicines, and the export of these galls in recent
years has been valued at about one million d Dllars per annum.
The use of these and similar galls would seem of special inter-
est at the present time to workers in this country, since gall-
nuts are one of the principal ingredients of the so-called secret
method of the London seal dyers. Although the galls are well
known in commerce, publications on the inse^ •: producing them
are widely scattered and difficult of access. It seems wise,
therefore, to bring the literature together and to compare the
insect with its well known relatives in this country.

385

3<S6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov.,'l7

The first publication on the species seen by the writer is that
of Li-Shih-chen (1590?). The Pen tsao by this author was
completed in 1578, after about twenty-five years of labor. A
copy said to be dated 1590 is in Berlin and only later copies
are available in this country. The materials referred to by
Li Shih-chen were usually very well known at his time and his
work was compiled, with additions, from some thirty-nine earl-
ier publications, some of them very ancient works, so it is quite
likely that these aphid galls were known long before his time.
There are very many references in Chinese literature, par-
ticularly medical, which are not in the bibliography given with
this article. These will be found recorded in the Tu Shu Chi
Ch'eng (1728) where a rather extended article on the species
is given.

The Pen tsao mentioned previously gives a figure of the
galls (reproduced on Plate XXVI, Fig. i), and after describ-
ing the plant speaks of the nut and says : "On the leaf is an
insect which produces the Wu-p'ei-tzee which is collected in
the eighth moon."

It is perhaps worthy of note that in the Pen tsao the ]Vu-
p'ei-tzee is included under the insects produced from eggs. The
insects form the first division of animals and there appear to
be of these insects four groups, the frog being included in the
last one with aquatic insects. The general life history of these
gall aphids seems to have been fairly known, but this can hardly
be said of all forms of life, for the insects are followed by a
group composed of dragons.

It is indicated by Pereira (1844) that the gallnut is used
in making soup and as a protection against the peculiar vapor^
of the hill country. "Gallnut" is the term by which these galls
are known commercially, but it does not seem from their com-
position that they would make good soup. In speaking of the
nut of the tree Li-Shih-chen says : "On the skin there is a
fine coating of salt" and no doubt this refers to the pollen
which may have been used as a soup flavoring. That the fruit
may have been used is quite possible, since the fruit of the
same tree is eaten by the Nepaulese and Lepchas.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 387

The first European reference appears to be that of Cleyer
(1682), who describes the material from the medical point of
view under the name U pol qu.

Another early and more complete European account is that
given by Geoff roy (1724). He refers to the galls under the
Chinese name Oupeytze and says that commercially they are
known as "Indian ears." He had a notion that the galls formed
by aphids on elms might be the same as the Chinese galls.

A rather extended account is given by Du Halde (1735).
which is referred to by Brande (1817). He says that the na-
tives of China pick the galls before frost and expose them to
hot water or steam in order to kill the insects. A 1770 English
translation of this work is referred to by Pereira (1844). The
Paris edition (1735) is not available to the writer, but he has
seen a Hague edition (1736) and the name is here spelled in
the French Ou-pocy-tsc.

In Japan Ono ( 1802) described these galls under the name of
Mimibushi or Fushi. He says they are hollow and contain
large numbers of minute insects. The powder of the dried
galls he states is used by Japanese women to blacken their
teeth. There may be earlier Japanese references, perhaps in
Japanese editions of Chinese Pen tsaos, but it has seemed a
needless task to search the literature for these.

The first examination into the composition of the gall seems
to have been made by Brande (1817). The material he used
was marked Oong pocy and was used in dyeing black. He
made extracts of the galls and obtained twenty-five parts of in-
soluble woody matter. He suggests they could be used for
making writing- ink.

In 1844 Guibourt brought these galls again to the attention
of Europe, but considering them unknown, described them un-
der the name of the cauliflower //<;//. He had a dried specimen
in his own shop and fragments from a Mr. Ledanois. Ledanois
analyzed the material and obtained 60 per cent, of tannic
acid. This appears to be the first real analysis. At the same
time Pereira (1844) gave an excellent account under the nanir
of Woo-pei-tsse with quotations from the Pen tsao and a

388 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l/

reference to a translation of Du Halde. He was the first to
have a good supply of the galls and his came from Canton.

A few years later an article appeared (Bell, 1848), describ-
ing the insect found within the galls as a new species under the
name of Aphis chinensis. This name has by some writers been
credited to Doubleday, but since the article was unsigned Jacob
Bell must be considered the author.

Stein (1849) gave a rather complete analysis and obtained
69 per cent, of tannic acid and 4 per cent, of other tannins.

Pereira (1850) again mentions the gall and figures it, stating
that it is produced by an aphid.

Buchner (1851) considered the tannin present in these as
the same as that of oakbark and he gave analyses of other
galls for comparison.

The first account to appear in an American journal was pub-
lished by Archer (1865). After mentioning the Chinese and
Japanese galls he says : ''There is a gall called Kakarasinghee
or Kakrasingee produced on 'Rhus Kakrasinglicc (Royal)
used by the tanners of India." He also mentions a gall he has
from Shanghi, which he states is intermediate between the
Kakarasinghee and the Woo-pei-tsze.

In India karkata sringi is sometimes applied to a gall on
Rhus. This name, however, should seemingly be used for the
gall mentioned above by Archer. The tree he speaks of is the
northwest form of Pistacia khinjuk Stocks and the galls on
this are the karkata sringi of the Sanscrit. Various names are
used ill the different languages as kak rasing/ (Hind.), kakra-
sringi (Beng.), kakara-shingi (Tel.) and dushtapuchattu
(Kan.). In Tamil, however, kadn kazipit is used for these
galls and kakkata shingi often applied to the galls on the Rhus
succedania. The former tree can hardly be confused as it has
been well known many years, the wood being sold as lumber
up in the hills at Simla and elsewhere. Rhus scmialata, which
is the host of the Chinese galls in Japan and China, occurs in
the outer Himalayas, according to Watt (1892), but, so far
as the writer can learn, is not galled there. It would seem then
that none of the various forms of the karkata sringi are the

Vol. XXviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 389

galls formed by chinensis. Smith (1871), however, in speaking
of these galls under the title "nutgalls," says : "This excres-
cence, called in India Kakrasingie, is produced by a Coccus,
and is said to sometimes attain the size of a man's fist." Further
study on the inmates of the galls from different parts of India
would seem desirable.

Viedt (1875) made a chemical study of the Chinese galls
and found 72 per cent, of tannin.

Hanbury (1876) says that he has satisfied himself by an
examination of the galls and tree that these galls do not occur
on Distylium racemosum, as stated by some pharmacologists,
but on Rhtts semialata Mur. The date here given for Han-
bury 's paper is. that of his collected papers. The original
papers were printed much earlier.

Courchet (1879) gives a rather extended discussion of these
galls and refers to them under the name Poey-tse. He says
they occur on Rims semialata and according to Fluckiger on
Rhus japonica. He made a study of the structure of the gall
and credited the name of the insect, chinensis, to Doubleday.

Ishikawa (1880) made a study of the galls in Japan and
obtained tannin ranging from 58.82 per cent, to 67.7 per cent.
This would seem to be the first chemical study of the Japanese
galls.

Lichtenstein (1883), after studying the insect which pro-
duces the Chinese gall, described a new genus, Schlectcndalia,
for the species. This generic name is the one which has gen-
erally been applied to the insect by subsequent writers who
were acquainted with it.

Hartwich (1884) made a study of the Japanese gall and
after comparing it concluded that it was the same as the Chinese
one produced by chinensis Bell.

Uyeno (1886) gave an article on the Japanese gall, showing
its distribution in that country.

Trimble (1892) gave a short account of the Chinese gall and
considered the Japanese one distinct. He gave an excellent
bibliography from the point of view of the tannins.

Shirai (1895) studied the galls on Rhus sonialata and de-

39° ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l1/

scribed as well the insects producing them. Both alate and
apterous forms were described. He secured galls of two dif-
ferent types. The first is undoubtedly the true Chinese gall
formed by chinensis. These galls develop on the winged
petioles. His other gall is an entirely different thing very ir-
regular in shape and somewhat suggesting the gall of vagabun-
dus Walsh. The insect producing it has a short stigma and
one oblique vein in the hind wing.

Sasaki (1910) studied the life history of the species as oc-
curring in Japan. He secured the stem mother, forming a
small gall on the under surface of the leaf petiole in May.
These stem mothers produce from 17 to 18 young. By the
end of June the galls are divided into chambers, while toward
the end of July the finger-like projections of the galls are pres-
ent with usually two young of a stem mother in each projec-
tion. Toward the last of August the galls contain numerous
females of the second generation and many young of the third.
In October, young of the fourth generation are present and in
this month also pupae appear. During October and Novem-
ber the galls open and alate forms are freed.

The young of these alate forms Sasaki was unable to keep
alive on Rhus, but he concludes that this was due to unnatural
conditions and that these young should remain over and "wake
up" in May and commence to form new galls. No males were
observed.

Butler (1911), after a brief general account, says: "The
escape of the insect takes place on the spontaneous bursting
of the walls of the vesicle, probably when, after viviparous re-
production for .several generations, male winged insects are de-
veloped."

Thorp (1912) makes reference to the Chinese galls and
states that commercially they are more used than those from
other trees, as the results obtained are much better.

Fitch (1866) described a species of aphid forming galls on
Rhus in this country under the name of Byrsocrypia rhois,
and this is the species now generally known as Pemphigus rliois

Vol. XXVJii I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 391

(Fitch). This species forms a bladder-like gall on the under
side of the leaves of Rhns glabra and these galls seem not to
develop until late summer.

Galls collected on July ist in Virginia are still very small and
not yet well developed. In galls at this time can be found
the stem mother of the gall and from two to a dozen or more
>oung. By the first week in August the galls are considerably
larger and contain several hundred insects, many of them in
the earlier pupal instars. By the end of August the galls
often reach one inch in diameter and if they are opened will be
found to contain large numbers of alate insects, and it is not
until the early fall that these alate forms usually leave the
galls. The may be found flying at the last of October. The
galls contain from 60 to 70 per cent, of tannin, an amount
nearly equal to that of the Chinese galls.

Walsh (1866), in studying this species, erected the genus
Melaphis with rhois as type and in this description refers to
the Chinese galls, stating that "It would be very interesting to
know whether the plant lice found in them are generically
related to ours."

In the collections of the Bureau of Entomology there are
numerous specimens of the Chinese galls and an examination
of them has shown that many still contain their inmates. On
mounting, these alate forms are found to agree in general
characters with rhois Fitch. and quite easily fall in the genus
Melaphis on the distinct shape of the stigma, etc.

It will be seen also that the methods of life of the two
species, chinensis and rhois, are very similar, the alate forms
leaving the galls in the fall. What becomes of these forms
seems to be unknown and the writer has been unable to
determine this for rhois.

Considering the similarity in structure, the similarity in life
history and the fact that both species occur upon plants of
the same genus, as well as the fact that these two species are
quite different from other species in the tribe, it would seem
that there is no good reason for keeping them in different
genera. In such case Melaphis is the generic name that must

392 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l/

be used and the species forming the Chinese gall will become
Melaphis chinensis (Bell). The more important publications
on the species follow. Mr. S. A. Rohwer supplied me with the
references to Smith (1871) and Trimble (1892).

LITERATURE.

1590? Li SHIH-CH£N. — Pen tsao kang mu Bk 39, folio 21 r° & v°
(Chinese).

1682. CLEVER, ANDREW. — Specimen Medicinae Sinicae Med. Simp. (p.
47), No 225.

1724. GEOFFROY, M. — Observations sur les vessies qui viennent aux
Ormes, et sur un sorte d'excroissance a peu-pres pareille
qui nous est apportee de la Chine — Memoirs of the Royal
Acad. of Sciences, Paris, 320.

1728. T'u SHU CHI CH'ENG. — (Chinese Encyclopedia.)

1736. Du HALDE, J. B. — Description Geographique, Historique. Chro-
nologique, Politique, et Physique de 1'Empire de la Chine
et de la Tartarie Chinoise, — -The Hague.

1802. ONO, RANZAN. — Honzo Komoku Keimo, Vol. 35 (Japanese).

1817. BRANDE, WM. THOS. — Observations on an Astringent Vegetable
Substance from China. Philosophical Transactions, 39.

1844. GUIBOURT, M. — On the galls of Terebinthus and Pistacia. Phar-
maceutical Journal, 3, 377.

1844. PEREIRA, JONATHAN. — Observations on the Chinese gall, called
"Woo-pei-tsze." Pharmaceutical Journal, 3, 384.

1848. BELL, JACOB. — The insect forming the Chinese Gall. Pharm.

Journal, 7, 310.

1849. STEIN, VON W. — Ueber chinesischen Gallus. Dingier, 114, 433,

aus Polytech. Centralblatt Liefer. 22.

1850. PEREIRA, JONATHAN. — The Elements of Materia Medica and

Therapeutics. Third Edition, 2, pt. i, 1224.

1850. SCHENK, VON. — Nachtragliche Notiz iiber die chinesischen Gall-

apfel. Buch. Rep. Pharm., 105, 346.

1851. BUCHNER, L. A. — Ueber den Wferth der Chinesischen Gallapfel.

Buch. Rep. Pharm., 107, 313.

1853. WITTSTEIN, G. C. — On the Preparation of Gallic Acid from
Chinese Gall-nuts. Pharm. Jour. Trans., 12, 444.

1855. HEINECKE, VON H. — Ueber Darstellung des Tannins aus chinesi-
schen Gallapfeln. Archiv der Pharm. (2), 83, 4.

1855. REELING, VON.— Aphis chinensis. Archiv der Pharm. (2), 81,
280.

1865. ARCHER, PROF. — Notes on a new species of Gall from China
with references to other unusual commercial galls. Am.
Jour. Pharm. 37, 186.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 393

1866. FITCH, ASA. — Month, Journ., N. Y. State Agr. Soc., Aug., p. 73.
1866. WALSH, BENJ. — Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 4, 281.
1871. SMITH, FREDFRICK PORTER. — Contributions towards the Materia
Medica and Natural History of China. Shanghai, 156.

1875. VIEDT, C. H. — Uber Schwarz Schreibtinten. Dingler's Polytech-

nisches Journal, 216, 453.

1876. HANBURY, DANIEL. — Science Papers, Notes on Chinese Materia

Medica, 266, London, MacMillan Co.

1879. COURCHET, LUCIEN. — Etude sur Les Galles Produites par les

Aphidiens, 43, Montpellier.

1880. ISHIKAWA, IWAWO. — Materials containing Tannin used in Ja-

pan. Chem. News, 42, 277.
1883. LICHTENSTEIN. J. — Ein neues Aphidien-Genus. Stettiner Ent.

Zeit, Jahrg. 44, No. 4-6, 240.
1884. — HARTWICH, C. — Ueber die Japanischen Gallen. Arch. d. Phar-

macie, Jahrg. 63, 212, 904.

1886. UYENO, S. — Sina Boyeki Bussan Jiten, 1886, 91 (Japanese).
1892. WATT, GEORGE. — Dictionary of the Economic Products of India.

London and Calcutta.

1892. TRIMBLE, HENRY. — The Tannins, i, 58.
1895. SHIRAI, MITSUTARO. — Galls of Rhus semi-alata var. obbeckii. The

Botanical Magazine, 9, 95, i (Japanese).
1908. OKAJIMA, G. — Contribution to the Study of Japanese Aphididae,

I. Bui. Col. Agr. Tokyo, 8, No. i.

1910. SASAKI, C. — Life History of Schlcctendalia chincnsis, Jacob

Bell. (A gall-producing Insect.) Festschrift zum Sechzig-
sten Geburtstag Richard Hertwigs, 2, 239.

1911. BUTLER, F. H. — Article on Galls. Ency. Brit., n, 424.

1912. THORPE. — Dictionary of Applied Chemistry.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI.

Fig. i. Illustration of the Wu-p'ei-tsee from the Pen tsao Kang mu.
Fig. 2. Galls produced by Mclaphis chincnsis.
Fig. 3. Wing of M. chincnsis.

Clouds of Butterflies (Lep.).

I have seen clouds of butterflies, all of the same species, passing over
a district [in the Congo] for three months at a time, like flakes of red
snow, and in such close array that one could destroy dozens of them
by throwing one's hat on the ground. The real savage beast of Equa-
torial Africa, and the most formidable, is the insect. — CUREAU, Savage
Man in Central Africa, London [n. d. 1915], pp. 217-218.

394 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., '17

Outbreaks of the Elegant Looper (Philtraea elegan-

taria Hy. Edw.) on Privet in Louisiana (Lep.)«
By E. S. TUCKER, State Agric. Exper. Sta., Baton Rouge, La.

The occurrence of numbers of a looper caterpillar, each
dangling at the end of a thread of web suspended from
branches of Amoor privet (Ligustrum amurense}, first drew
the writer's attention to the insect in May, 1913, at Baton
Rouge, Louisiana. Close inspection of the plants revealed the
presence of feeding larvae, and ample evidence of their depre-
dations on the leaves. The privet formed a row of untrimmed
bushes which had grown to a height of at least 12 to 15 feet,
having a wide spread of branches. Owing to the distribution
of the larvae through the rankest growth, hardly any appreci-
able defoliation became noticeable until along in the following
June when the maximum infestation was reached.

Pupae were readily found at every inspection made in the
intervals, being generally attached to the trunks and thick parts
of the branches, although many occurred upon posts and sides
of a building in close proximity to the privet growth. The
latter situations had been reached through the wandering of
several caterpillars, which, having first dropped from the
bushes to the ground after spinning out their threads, sought
the other elevations and pupated on them. From collections
of the pupae, adults emerged on May 30, also June 15 and 19.

With the corresponding appearances of moths in the open,
eggs were found deposited on leaves and stems by June 15
and 19. The specific name of the moth was determined as
Philtraea elcgantaria Hy. Edw., from specimens submitted to
the Federal Bureau of Entomology, through the kindness of
Ur. F. H. Chittenden, who likewise gave identifications of the
two following species of reared hymenopterous parasites.

The parasitic attacks killed a large proportion of the pupae.
Of the species obtained, Chalcis ovata Say, which emerged in
the cages oh June 9 and 19, proved to be the prevalent para-
site. A few Eutclus sp. matured on June 19. The former
enemy seemed able of itself to greatly limit the issue of moths
so that further infestation of the privet was reduced to but

Vol. XXviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 395

few caterpillars at any time through the remainder of the
season. These individuals, however, persisted in appearing on
the plants until late in September.

An additional parasite, but the only one obtained of its
kind, afforded special interest, a Tachinid fly, which emerged
on June 9. This specimen was determined as a female of
Phorocera (Euphorocera) claripcnnis Macq., by Mr. W. R.
Walton, through the courtesy of Dr. L. O. Howard.

Only casual attention was given to the elegant looper in the
subsequent seasons, owing to the lack of opportunities for car-
rying on regular observations. On May 12, 1915, Mr. Thos.
H. Jones, Federal entomologist, reported that he found larvae
quite commonly attacking the foliage of a hedge of the same
kind of privet. A "brood which was considered to be the sec-
ond one of the season attracted the notice of the writer on
July 14. These caterpillars showed a preference for the lower
shaded regions of the foliage. The third outbreak wras ob-
served on August 19, and the looper then appeared to be
scarcely more than half-grown at the most. Several large
branches of the tall bushes were practically defoliated at the
time. Full grown larvae were seen traveling away from the
privet hedge on September 7 and 8, being evidently in search
of other places for pupation. Scattered individuals, however,
still remained on the plants. Fresh pupae also appeared hang-
ing to the branches.

A complaint of injury made during the year of 1913 led to
the suspicion that the trouble in the case had been due to rav-
ages by the elegant looper. The inquirer wrote from Ope-
lousas, St. Landry Parish, under date of October 30, stating
that the leaves of his hedges had been eaten by "small white
insects." Some of the plants had died and the ones yet sur-
viving had only a few leaves left on them. He desired to
know a way to preserve the growth.

His mention of the pest in such terms as cited was thought
to refer to the common whitefly (Dialeurodes citri R. & H.) in
mistake for the real devastator. Otherwise, his remarks clear-
ly implied that some pest capable of defoliating the plants had

396 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [NdV.,'l7

been involved. Nothing else than the looper could be fixed
upon as the probable insect. Naturally, at the time, it would
have run its course and disappeared, and therefore be beyond
treatment.

The North American Species of Trigonoderus
West-wood, Females (Hymen.).

By A. A. GIRAULT, Glenn Dale, Maryland.

Antennae 13- jointed, two ring- joints. Pronotum more or
less quadrate. Parapsidal furrows complete. Scutellum with
a punctate cross-suture near apex. Abdomen elongate with a
short stylus. T. varipes Viereck is not included since it bears
incomplete parapsidal furrows. Dark metallic green, scaly
punctate. Large species.

I. Wings with a macula at the stigmal vein.

Legs (except the coxae) and the scape pale yellowish or reddish.
Substigmal blotch along the proximal side of the stigmal vein and
extending beyond its apex. Clypeus at apex entire. Segment 2
of abdomen entire.

Abdomen centrally suffused more or less with brownish. Pro-
podeum uniformly, finely punctate, with a median carina only,
the foveae along cephalic margin not coarse nor conspicuous,
the spiracle minute, round, central. Third tooth of mandible
acute. Slender. Funicle I nearly thrice longer than wide.
Tegula red. Slender, not large. Length 3.5 mm.

algonquinia new species.

Substigmal blotch from the apex of the stigmal vein, thus free
from it. Clypeus at apex with an acute tooth mesad. Segment
2 of abdomen caudad deeply incised.

Abdomen wholly metallic. Propodeum shining, more or less
scaly, impunctate, with median and lateral carinae, the
foveae along cephalic margin large, coarse, the spiracle
nearly central, large, oblong, mandibles 3- and 4- dentate,
the last tooth truncate. Robust. Pedicel reddish beneath
and at apex. Clypeus glabrous. Length 5.5 mm.

unguttus new species.

II. Wings hyaline or subhyaline, with no distinct macula.
Legs yellow.

Antennae brownish yellow, the pedicel metallic, contrasting. Ab-
domen "flattened, rounded."

aegeriae Ashmead.

Vol. XXVJii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 397

Antennae black, scape and pedicel yellow. Abdomen long and
conical, stylate at apex, distinctly longer than the rest of the
body. Propodeum finely punctate, with a coarse spiracular sul-
cus, a median carina and a large, rounded fovea nearer the
spiracle than to meson and near cephalic margin. Spiracle oval,
moderate in size, more cephalad. Mandibles 3- and 4- dentate,
the last tooth truncate. Funicle joints elongate, the pedicel short.
Segment 2 of abdomen entire. Postmarginal vein elongate, sub-
equal to the marginal. Length 5 mm.... conicus new species.
Coxae and femora (except broadly) at apex, concolorous; antennae

entirely concolorous; abdomen shorter, nonstylate.
Clypeus with three conspicuous teeth; mandibles tridentate, the
last tooth broad and truncate. Propodeum strongly tricarinate,
with three abbreviated rugae from cephalad between median
and lateral carinae; spiracle moderate in size, oval, cephalad.
Segment 2 of abdomen occupying a third of the surface, glab-
rous, slightly emarginate at meson caudad, rest of body densely
scaly. Venation as in conicus. Pedicel as long as funicle 6;
funicle I wider distad, twice longer than wide, 2 somewhat
shorter, 3 and 4 each a fourth longer than wide. Length 3 mm.

nonstylatus new species.

Trigonoderus aigonquinia n. sp.

Two females, Algonquin, Illinois (W. A. Nason).

Type : Catalogue No. 20899, U. S. National Museum, the
specimens pinned and on a tag, a slide bearing appendages.

Trigonoderus unguttus n. sp.

One female, Bladensburg, Maryland, September (W. H.
Ashmead).

Type : Catalogue No. 20900, U. S. National Museum, the
female on a tag, appendages on a slide.

Trigonoderus conicus n. sp.

One female, Arizona (E. A. Schwarz).

Type : Catalogue No. 20902, U. S. National Museum, the
female on a tag plus a slide.

Trigonoderus nonstylatus n. sp.

Parasitic on a cecidomyiid, Eastern U. S. One female.

Type: Catalogue No. 20903, U. S. National Museum, a
female on a tag, appendages on a slide-.

The types of ac</eriae have not been seen.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov./I/

A Phylogenetic Study of the Lateral Head, Neck and

Prothoracic Regions in Some Apterygota

and Lower Pterygota.:i:

By G. C. CRAMPTON, Ph.D.

(Plate XXVII.)

Of the eight groups of lower Pterygotan insects here dis-
cussed, the Plecoptera are structurally the most similar to the
Lepismids, and have apparently departed much less than the.
typical Blattids have from the ancestral condition of the Ptery-
gota in general. Together with the Ephemerids, the Plecoptera
are undoubtedly the lowest living winged insects, and, since the
Lepismids (i. e. such forms as Lepisma, Nicoletia, etc.) form
a sort of "connecting link" between the lower Pterygota and
the more primitive Apterygotan forms (such as Campodca,
Japy.v, etc.) it is preferable to begin a study of the groups in
question with a comparison of the conditions found in the Le-
pismids and Plecoptera.

In comparing the heads of the Lepismids (Plate XXVII,
Fig. i), the Blattids (Fig. 2), and an immature Plecopteron
(Fig. 4), it is at once apparent that the Plecopteron is struct-
urally much nearer the Lepismids than the typical Blattids are.
Thus, in both Lepismids (Fig. i) and Plecoptera (Fig. 4) the
head is markedly prognathous (i. e. mouthparts directed for-
ward), while in the typical Blattids (Fig. 2) the head is mark-
edly opisthognathous (i. e. mouthparts directed backward). I
am not sufficiently familiar with the Blattid group to know
what extremes of variation are to be found among these in-
sects, but, although some Blattids which I have not seen may
also have heads of the prognathous type, it is nevertheless true
that the condition depicted in Fig. 2 may be taken as typical
for the Blattid group in general, in the following discussion.

The head contour is essentially similar in both Lepismids and
the Plecopteron (Figs, i and 4) ; but the outlines of both heads
differ very markedly from that of the Blattids (Fig. 2). Fur-
thermore, the nature of the labium, and its mode of attach-

* Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 399

ment to the head is much more "Lepismid-like" in the Plecop-
teron (Fig. 4) than in the Blattids (Fig. 2). In the same way the
location of the "compound" eyes, and the position of the anten-
nae are quite similar in the Lepismids and Plecopteron ; but
both differ strikingly from the Blattids in these respects. The
clypeus and labrum also, are more alike in Lepismids and the
Plecopteron, than these structures are in the Lepismids and
Blattids, and the mandible of the Plecopteron is nearer the
Lepismid type than the Blattid mandible is. In other words,
the evidence to be gained from a comparative study of the ex-
ternal morphology of the head, would point to a close relation-
ship between the Lepismids and the Plecoptera, and a much
more distant relationship between the Blattids and Lepismids.

In taking up a consideration of the neck and thoracic regions
in the Lepismids one finds (as might be expected) that the
Lepismids have retained a condition resembling that found in
the lower Apterygotan forms (such as Japy.v, Eosentomon,
etc.) rather than such a condition as occurs in the Pterygotan
insects. The thoracic sclerites of Japyx, Eosentomon, etc., have
been homologized in a paper dealing with the nature of the neck-
region of insects in general (which will shortly appear,*
in the "Annals of the Entomological Society of Amercia"), so
that it is unnecessary to describe them here, since one may
simply compare the accompanying figure of Lepisma (Fig. i)
with those of Japy.v, Eosentomon, etc., in the aforementioned
article. I would call attention, however, to the anterior trans-
verse pronotal sclerite designated as "Pt" in Fig. i. This
sclerite is clearlv the homologue of the transverse pronotal
sclerite labeled "Pt" in Figs. 9 and 7; and it is in the tergal
region that the Lepismids apparently approach the condition
found in certain lower Pterygota, more closely than in any other
thoracic structures.

The trochantin-like region "abc" (termed the "eutrochantin"
in the paper referred to above) of the Lepismids (Fig. i) is
also somewhat similar to that found in Figs. 6 and 7, since it

* Subsequently published in Vol. X, page 187, of the "Annals" for
1917.

4OO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., '17

intervenes between the coxa and the true pleural sclerites ; but
the remainder of the prothoracic sclerites of the Lepismids are
somewhat different from the typical sclerites of the lower
Fterygotan forms. In this respect, Nicoletia would have been
a better insect than Lcpisina for a comparative study of the
thoracic region, but I have hesitated to spoil my only specimen
of Nicoletia by subjecting it to the staining process with nitrate
of silver, etc., which is necessary to differentiate the sclerites
from the membrane in these weakly pigmented forms.

There are two principal types of head found among the
Apterygotan insects, namely the broad, flattened type, occurr-
ing among certain Lepismids, etc., and the more pear-shaped
type, occurring in Japyx, etc. I find these two types repre-
sented among the Myriopods (sensit lato} and also among the
Crustacea, so that these two types were apparently differenti-
ated at a very early stage of development, and both were
doubtless present among the first insects to be evolved. In
fact. I believe that flat, broad-bodied forms as well as the
more cylindrical, slender-bodied forms occurred among the
ancestral insects (for such types also occur among the Crus-
tacea, etc.), so that it is incorrect to say that the original in-
sects were of this or that type, since several types must have
been in existence at the very beginning of the development of
insects. It is thus evident that insects are not the product of
one type of ancestral forms alone, but the ancestral insects
doubtless differed as much (if not more) among themselves
as the modern representatives of the different families compos-
ing an order of insects differ among themselves.

It is undoubtedly true that throughout the animal kingdom,
many living forms have departed but little from the ancestral
condition characteristic of the early stages in the development
of other living groups, and are fully as instructive as fossil
forms are, in furnishing us with connecting links between many
of the greater groups of the animal kingdom (such, for
example, as the living Dipnoi, which furnish us with inter-
mediate forms annectent between the fishes and Amphibia).
In the same way, certain living insects have departed but little

ENT. NEWS, Vox,. XXVIII.

Plate XXVII.

LATERAL HEAD AND PROTHORACIC REGIONS. -CRAMPTON.

i. Lepisma.

4. Pteronarcys.

7. Capnia.

2. Periplaiieta.
5. Echinosoma.
8. Tim i' in a.

3. Termes.

f>. Kmbia.

9. Gryllohlatta.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 4OI

from the condition characteristic of the ancestors of certain
other hexapodan groups, and, to my mind, the study of recent
forms is even more instructive than the study of fossil insects,
from the phylogenetic standpoint, since we are able to compare
together more detailed structures in living forms, than it is
possible to do in the distorted and usually imperfectly preserved
fossil forms, the most of which are practically as highly special-
ized along their own lines of development as the most primitive
of living forms are!

In the interesting insect Grylloblatta campodeiformis Walker
we hold the key to the genealogy of the Orthopteroid insects
(such as the Tettigonids, Gryllids, Locustids, etc.) and any
attempt to trace the ancestry of these Orthopteroid forms,
in which the evidence of affinities with the lower groups,
furnished by the study of Grylloblatta, is ignored, is fore-
doomed to failure. On this account, I would present some of
the evidence of relationship gained from a comparative study
of the Grylloblattids and Embiids, since I am convinced that
the Grylloblattids are extremely closely related to the Embiids,
and are therefore ultimately to be derived from Plecoptera-like
ancestors (since the Embiid line of development parallels
that of the Plecoptera more closely than any of the lowest
Pterygotan forms).

In an article dealing with the antennae of the Grylloblattids
and Embiids, which will shortly appear* in the Canadian En-
tomologist, I have pointed out the astonishing similarity in the
antennae of these two groups of insects — a similarity shown
not only in the close agreement in the number of antennal
segments, but which extends even to the more minute details
of relative size and outline in the individual segments of the
antennae in the two groups. On the other hand, the antennae
of both Embiids and Grylloblattids are entirely different from
those of the typical Blattids in regard to precisely those features
wherein they are most similar to one another! In the present
paper, F would endeavor to demonstrate that the remarkable

* Subsequently published in Vol. XLJX, No. 6, page 213, of the
Canadian Entomologist.

4O2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., '17

similarity between the antennae extends to the neck plates, and
other structures as well, in the Embiids and Grylloblattids, and
in these features also, the Grylloblattids differ from Blattids
(which some investigators would consider as their nearest rel-
atives).

In conformity with the general depressed condition of the
body, the head of Embia (Fig. 6) is somewhat flattened, but
aside from this fact, and the modifications which the Embiids
have developed along their own lines, the head of a Grylloblat-
tid (Fig. 9) is somewhat like that of an Embiid (although both
differ from the Blattids in this respect) and is quite like that of
the Phasmid Timema (Fig. 8) in outline. Not only are the
heads of the Grylloblattids anad Phasmids more prognathous,
like that of an Embiid (while the head of a Blattid is more
opisthognathous), but the outline of the compound eyes, their
extent upward along the sides of the head, the point of at-
tachment of the antenna in relation to the eyes and to the base
of the mandibles, etc., are infinitely more like those of an
Embiid in the Phasmids and Grylloblattids, than they are like
those of a Blattid, as may readily be seen by comparing Figs. 8
and 9 with Fig. 6 and then with Fig. 2.

The agreement in structure between the antennae of Gryllo-
blatta and Embia is extremely striking, but the similarity be-
tween the neck plates and prothoracic sclerites of these insects
is no less remarkable (and in these points of similarity both
Embiids and Grylloblattids differ markedly from the condition
found in the Blattids). If one will cover the heads of the in-
sects shown in Figs. 6 and 9, so as to concentrate his attention
upon the plates behind the head region, he will be immediately
struck with the remarkable agreement between the sclerites of
the Grylloblattids and Embiids — an agreement extending even
to the minutest details! Thus, the anterior transverse region
Pi in the pronotum of Grylloblatta (Fig. 9) finds its counter-
part in the region designated as Pt in the pronotum of Embia
(Fig. 6), the epimeron Em is very similar in both insects, and in
the episternal region of both Embia and Grylloblatta, there is
marked off a sclerite labeled e, which is demarked by a curved
suture in the two insects.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 403

In Grylloblatta and Embia the "eutrochantin" abc (Figs. 9
and 6) is very similar, and is divided in the same fashion into
regions a, b and c, essentially the same in both insects, even to
the subdivision of the region a by an oblique suture, which, how-
ever, is not as distinct in Embia as in Grylloblatta. Furthermore,
the laterosternite v of Embia (Fig. 6) is represented in Gryllo-
blatta (Fig. 9) by a sclerite v of exactly the same nature, al-
though it is more closely connected with the sternum St in Gryl-
loblatta than in Embia. On the other hand, these sclerites in
both insects are very different from those of the Blattids
(Fig. 2).

In the neck region also there is a very close correspondence
in the cervical sclerites of the two insects. Thus, the region
designated as ^ in Grylloblatta (Fig. 9) is represented by a
region designated by the same letter in Embia (Fig. 6), and the
lateral cervical sclerite labeled i, with its partially detached por-
tion, labeled o, is astonishingly similar in both insects, even to
the presence in plate i of a longitudinal suture (to which ex-
tends the broken line from the letter "i") which is present in
but few insects other than the Grylloblattids and Embiids. We
find no such agreement between the Grylloblattids and Blattids,
and the more features one examines in the insects in question,
the more it becomes apparent that the Grylloblattids have prac-
tically nothing in common with the Blattids, and practically
everything in common with the Embiids. The similarity be-
tween the Grylloblattids and the Embiids, (and the dissimilari-
ty between the Grylloblattids) extends to the other struc-
tures of the body as well, as will be discussed in a series of
papers dealing with these subjects, and these remarkable sim-
ilarities between the Grylloblattids and Embiids (with the re-
sulting dissimilarities between Grylloblattids and Blattids) must
be explained before one can claim that the Grylloblattid line of
development is to be traced back to Blattid-like rather than to
Embiid-like ancestors, (and through the Embiid-like ancestors,
to Plecoptera-like forebears).

The contour of the head is quite similar in the Phasmid
Timcma (Fig. 8) and Grylloblatta (Fig. 9), the character of the

404 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov.,'l/

neck plates i and o, and the region labeled ^ is much the same in
both insects, but the remainder of the prothorax is somewhat
different in the two forms. In regard to the pleural sclerites,
and particularly in the character of the plate abc (Fig. 8) Time-
ma resembles certain Plecoptera, but, since I have been unable
to obtain the Plecoptera I wished to use for this comparison,
I would leave the discussion of the condition found in these in-
sects, until the needed material is available for illustration. In
connection with a study of the relationships of the Phylliids, I
have recently been able to compare males of Phy Ilium scythe
with the flattened Phasmids Ectatosoma, and this comparison
has shown me that my former views that the Phylliids repre-
sent a distinct order, are too extreme. I would, therefore, now
regard the Phylliids as a suborder of the Phasmid group, rather
than as representing a distinct order, as I have stated in an
article dealing with the antennae of the Grylloblattids and
Embiids and the relationships of the Orthopteroid insects.

With regard to the relationships between the Forficuloid in-
sects and other lower Pterygota, as indicated by a study of the
head, neck and prothoracic regions, the lack of suitable Plecop-
teron material for comparison with the Forficulids makes it un-
profitable to attempt to show the relationships of these two
groups of insects at this time. A study of the body structures in
general, however, has convinced me that the Forficulids are
closely related to the Plecoptera, which doubtless represent as
nearly as any living insects the common ancestral stock whence
sprang the Forficulid and Embiid lines of development, and
these studies indicate more and more clearly that the Blattids
do not stand near the direct line of descent of the Orthopteroid
forms, but comprise an offshoot arising from the main Ptery-
gotan stem at a comparatively early period of phylogenetic
development.

The Forficulids, as exemplified by the rather primitive genus
Echinosoma (specimens of which were very kindly furnished
me by Mr. C. C. Gowdey), are structurally quite similar to the
Embiids and Grylloblattids. The head contour is not essentially
different in the three groups (Figs. 5, 6, and 9), and the location

Vol. XXviii ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 405

of the eyes, antennae, etc., are much the same in all three.
(Compare also Fig. 4.) In the neck region of the Forficulid
(Fig. 5) there occur two ventral plates Ps represented by two
similar plates designated as Ps in Rmbia (Fig. 6; compare
also Fig. 7). The lateral neck plates i and o are essentially the
same in the Forficulid (Fig. 5) Embiid (Fig. 6) and Grylloblat-
tid (Fig. 9), but a rather deep longitudinal fold of the integu-
ment in the plate designated as i in the Forficulids, presents a
modification not met with in the other insects mentioned. In
the prothoracic region, sclerite e of Fig. 5 is quite like its homo-
logue designated as e in Figs. 6 and 9, and the components of
plate abc are very similar in all three insects, thus indicating
a close relationship in the three groups.

A study of the head, neck and prothoracic regions of the Ter-
mites reveals points of resemblance to the Blattids on the one
hand, and to the Embiid-Forficulid-Grylloblattid "coterie" on
the other. I have no specimens of the more primitive Ter-
mites, but an examination of the heads of specimens of Ter-
mites taken in the Carolinas, of a Termopsis from Arizona,
and of .Termes bellicosus from Africa (Fig. 3) would indi-
cate that the prognathous condition is the original one for the
group as a whole, although there is a marked tendency for the
head to assume a more vertical position — a tendency which
has been carried much further in the Blattids (Fig. 2), even-
tually producing a head of the opisthognathous type in the lat-
ter insects.

The contour of the upper portion of the Termite head sug-
gests Blattid affinities, but the location of the eyes, antennae,
etc., is more like the condition found in the other insects stud-
ied. The neck plates i, i, and o (Fig. 3) are extremely like
those of the Blattids (Fig. 2), and the shape of the epimeral
region Em is much the same in Figs. 3 and 2. The "eutrochan-
tin" abc (Fig. 3), however, is not like the trochantin a of the
roach (Fig. 2), since this region in the roach does not com-
pletely intervene between the coxa and the pleural region. The
lower portion of the region a becomes detached in both insects
(Figs. 3 and 2) however, thus indicating a tendency common to

406 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l/

the two groups in this respect. On the other hand the general ap-
pearance of the region abc of the Termite (Fig. 3) is much
more like that of a Phasmid (Fig. 8) or Plecopteron (Fig. /).
A study of the head, neck and prothoracic regions would thus
indicate that the Termites are quite closely related to the Blat-
tids, but have retained many characters suggestive of affinities
with the other groups studied, and the Termites may thus be
regarded as occupying a position somewhat intermediate be-
tween the Blattids and the other groups.

It would be inadvisable to base one's conclusions as to the
relationships of the lower insects on a study of the head, neck
and prothoracic regions alone, and the present paper is there-
fore but one of a series in which the different body regions
have been compared part by part in the different groups ; but
1 am hoping to show that a study of the other structures will
in a large measure bear out the conclusions to be drawn from
the regions here discussed. Other investigators would derive
the Orthopteroid insects from Blattid-like forebears, and would
also trace the Grylloblattid line of development back to a Blat-
toid ancestry ; but it is only fair to demand that they shall
produce equally convincing proof of their contentions, which
should be drawn from the facts of comparative anatomy, since
comparative anatomy, after all, furnishes us with the most
reliable evidence of relationships, and is, in fact, the main-
spring of all systematic work !

Before leaving the subject of the head structures, I would call
attention to the antennif er, or antenna-bearing process Af which
is usually situated midway up the outer portion of the antennal
ring An in the Grylloblattids, Forficulids, etc. (Figs. 4, 5,
etc.), while in the Blattids (Fig. 2) it has migrated mesalward,
and in most of the members of this group (e. g. Ectobia, etc.)
this antenna-bearing process is usually located higher up along
the median portion of the antennal ring (i. e. on the side of the
antenna toward the median line of the head). The position of
the antennif er, however, is not sufficiently constant to be of
any great value in determining the relationships of the groups
in question.

Vol. XXV'iii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 4O/

Another feature which is quite similar in the Phasmids and
Grylloblattids, but which is not sufficiently constant in outline
to furnish a character of phylogenetic value, is the mandibulare
Bm (Figs. 9 and 8), or mandible-bearing sclerite. Comstock,
1903, homologizes this sclerite with the trochantin of the leg
of the thoracic segments, but it is more than doubtful that such
a greatly reduced structure as the trochantin usually is, would
be preserved in the mandibular segment. I would be much
more inclined to regard this sclerite as representing the coxa
of the mandibular appendage, but such speculation is not very
profitable until one has carefully compared the mandibles of
the Apterygota, Chilopods, Isopods, and lower Crustacea, in
which the mandibles become successively more and more leg-
like— a comparison which I have not yet had time to carry out.
Furthermore, I am not yet prepared to say that the basal
segment of the mandible of Lepisma (i. e. the portion of the
mandible between the terminal portion Md and the trophi-
bearing sclerite Tf, in Fig", i) is .the homolog of the mandi-
bulare Bm of the Plecopteron nymph (Fig. 4), since several
possibilities suggest themselves (e. g. the region immediately
above the mandible in Fig. i may represent Bm) in compar-
ing the head regions near the mandibles, in the two insects.
In order to determine this point, it will be necessary to study
a series of Plecopteron and Ephemerid nymphs, examining
the musculature in each case, since the musculature furnishes
many valuable clues in an attempt to homologize the various
parts of a metamere or appendage.

A study of an extremely interesting series of heads, includ-
ing the principal Apterygotan types, the Chilopods, Symphyla,
Isopods, etc., has convinced me that the Isopods, Apterygota
and "Myriopoda" (sensu lato) are very closely related and
were derived from similar forebears. Since the Isopods
were probably descended from ancestors resembling the sessile-
eyed Arthrostraca (such as Koonunya, etc.), I would consider
these Arthrostraca as very near to the common ancestors
of Isopods, Insects, and "Myriopods." The Arthrostraca,
in turn, were derived from ancestors similar to the Copepods

408 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l/

and Apodidae, and at the bottom of this stem, the Trilobites
unite with the Crustacea, so that it is not surprising that
certain Trilobite features might have been retained in some
of the groups derived from their common ancestral forms.
My own observations would lead me to consider the closely
related Insects, Isopods, and "Myriopods" as derived from
Arthrostraca-like ancestors, which in turn were derived from
lower Crustacean forms ultimately related to the Trilobites,
rather than to regard insects, etc., as descended more directly
from Trilobite forebears, as certain recent investigators would
maintain is the case. These points, however, can be more
profitably discussed elsewhere.

The more intimate relationships of the insects considered in
the foregoing discussion may be expressed by grouping them
into three superorders as follows : The Blattoid, Mantoid, and
Isopterous insects form one superorder (the Pandictyoptera),
in which the head is typically (though not always) hypogna-
thous, the lateral cervicals touch in the median ventral line, and
the ventral cervicals, when present, are situated far forward,
and occur as two narrow transverse bands somewhat crescent-
shaped in outline. A fold of the posterior margin of the tergum
projecting backward in two more or less pointed projections
(the postplica) usually occurs in both meso- and metathoracic
terga, and when the scutellurn is demarked, it is usually nar-
row and extends far forward into the scutal region. The meso-
thoracic coxae are usually much longer than broad, and the
tarsi are typically pentamerous. 'Ovipositor present in some,
absent in others. Styli present in some males.

The Embioid, Forficuloid and Plecopterous insects form the
second superorder, the Panplecoptera, in which the head is
typically prognathous, the lateral cervicals do not touch in the
median ventral line, and the ventral cervicals instead of occur-
ring as narrow transverse bands situated far forward in the
neck region, are much broader and the posterior one occurs
just in front of the prosternum. The mesothoracic coxae are
usually as broad as long, tending to have a ring-like outline
when viewed from the mesal surface, and the tarsi are typically
trimerous. Ovipositor and styli usually absent.

Vol. XXVJii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 409

The Grylloblattoid, Phasmoid and Orthopterous insects form
a third superorder (the Panorthoptera), in which the head is
frequently hypognathous, and the lateral cervicals usually do
not touch in the median ventral line. The ventral cervicals
are usually absent, but when present may be of either of the
types mentioned above. The tarsi, typically pentamerous, may
be reduced to four or three segments, though a series of five
pads on the ventral surface is frequently retained, indicating
that the pentamerous condition has not been long lost. The
group is typically an ovipositor-bearing one and styli fre-
quently occur in males. All of the insects previously men-
tioned belong to a single section (the Plecopteradelphia) con-
nected by intermediate or annectent forms, and apparently
descended from ancestors not very different from recent Ple-
coptera.

Since sending the foregoing discussion to the editor of the
"News" an extremely important paper by Pantel, 1917 ("A
Proposito de un Anisolabis Alado" in : Mem. R. Acad. Cienc.
y Artes, Barcelona), has been published, in which he figures a
series of Dermaptera including Allostethus, Labldura and Anis-
olabis, which furnishes an unusually clear illustration of the
gradual fusion of the posterior portion of the eutrochantin
(Fig. 5, be}, with the lower portion of the prothoracic pleur-
on, while the anterior portion of the eutrochantin (Fig. 5, a),
remains free to form the so-called trochantin of the higher
forms, thus offering a very conclusive demonstration of the
claim made in a preceding1 discussion concerning the fusion
of the posterior portion of the eutrochantin with the lower
portion of the pleural region, etc.

In the appended list the abbreviations used in Plate XXVII
are quite fully explained, so that it is unnecessary to discuss
further the additional points of similarity in the groups of in-
sects here shown, since homologous structures bear the same
label throughout the series.

ABBREVIATIONS.

a, b, c — Sclerites composing; the trochantin-like region called the eutro-
chantin, which intervenes between the coxa and the plenral

410 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l?

region in the Apterygota, and in the prothorax of the lowest
Pterygota. In Fig. 2, a is the trochantin, from which the so-
called trochantinelle has become detached.
Af — Antennifer, or antenna-bearing process.
An — Antennale, or ring at base of antenna.
At — Antenna, only portion of basal segment shown.
Bm — Mandibulare, or sclerite at base of mandible.
Cl — Clypeus.
e — Curvipleurite, or curved pleurite marked off in the episternal

region.

Em — Epimeron.
i — Laterocervicale, or lateral cervical sclerite, divided into two parts

in Figs. 2 and 3, the sclerite o being marked off in the posterior

part.

L — Labium. Only basal portion shown.
Lb — Labrum.
Md— Mandible.

MX — Maxilla. Only basal portion shown.
o — Posterior portion of lateral cervical sclerite.
PC — Paracephal suture.
Pn — -Pronotum.
Ps — Two ventral cervical sclerites, the anterior of which is the inter-

sternite, and the posterior one is the presternite, excepting Fig. 2.
Pt — Pretergite, or anterior transverse region of tergtim.
j — Region in front of prothoracic epimeron, probably homologue of

the lateropleurite of other segments.
St — Sternum of prothorax.
Tf — Trophifer, or trophi-bearing segment to which all three of the

mouthparts are articulated in Fig. I. It is a portion of the

occipital region.
v — The laterosternite in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 9. In others it is a region

connecting sternum with pleuron.
x — Small plate in front of dorso-pleural region.
z — Dorsal cervical sclerite, or intertergite.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1905. BENGTSSON. — Z. Morphologic des Insektenkopfes. Zool. Anz.,

29, p. 457-

1909. BERLESE. — Gli Insetti.
1908. BRUNNER V. WATTENWYL. — Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden.

Leipzig, 1908.

1904. BOERNER. — Z. Systematik der Hexapoden. Zool. Anz., 27, p. 511.
1902. COMSTOCK & KOCHI — Skeleton of the Head of Insects. Amer.

Nat, 36, p. 13.

Vol. XXviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 411

1914. CRAMPTON. — Thoracic Sclerites of Winged Insects. Ent. News,

25, P- IS-

1915. CRAMPTON & HASEY. — Basal Sclerites of the Leg in Insects.

Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Anat., 39, p. I.

1915. CRAMPTON. — Thoracic Sclerites & Systematic Position of Gryllo-

blatta. Ent. News, 26, p. 337.

1916. CRAMPTON. — Lines of Descent of Lower Pterygotan Insects.

Ent. News, 26, p. 244.
1904. DESNEUX. — Phylogenie des Termites. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique,

48, pp. 278 and 372.
1897-1898. GRASSI & SANDIAS. — Translation of article in Quart. Jour.

Micr. Sci., 39, p. 245, and 40, p. I.
1906-1908. HANDLIRSCH. — Fossilen Insekten.

1897. HEYMONS. — Zusammensetzung des Insektenkopfes. Sitzb. Ges.

Nat. Freunde, Berlin, 1897, p. 119.
1904. HOLMGREN. — Morphologic des Insektenkopfes. Zeit. Wiss. Zool.,

"6, p. 439-
1909-1911. HOLMGREN. — Termitenstudien. Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.

Handl., 44, 48.
1913. HOSFORD. — Segmentation of the Head of Insects. Kans. Univ.

Sci. Bull., 8, p. 65.
1913. IMMS. — On Embia Major. Trans. Linn. Soc., London, 2d Ser.

Zool., ii, p. 167.

1898. JANET. — Constitution morphol. de la Tete de 1'Insecte. Proc.

Internal. Congr. Zool., Cambridge, 1898, p. 258.

1916. MARTIN. — Thoracic & Cervical Sclerites of Insects. Ann. Ent.
Soc. America, 9, p. 35.

1880. MEINERT. — Sur la conformation de la tete . . . chez les In-
sectes. Ent. Tidsk., i, p. 147.

1880-1882. PACKARD. — Number of Head-Segments in Insects. Also
Systematic Position of the Orthoptera in Relation to other
Orders of Insects. Third Rpt. U. S. Ent. Commission,
p. 282.

1863. SCHAUM. — Zusammensetzung des Kopfes . . . bei den Insek-
ten. Arch. f. Naturg., i, p. 247.

1916. TURNER. — Breeding Habits of the Orthoptera. Ann. Ent. Soc.
America, 9, p. 117.

1902. VERHOEFF. — Ueber ... die Insektenordnung Oothecaria. Zool.
Anz., 26, p. 20.

1904. VERHOEFF. — Ueber vergl. Morphologic des Kopfes niederer In-
sekten, Nova Acta Kais. Leop. Carol. Deuts. Akad. Naturf.,
LXXXIV, p. i.

1886. VIALLANES. — La Morphologic du Squelette Cephalique des In-
sectes. Bui. Soc. Philom. (7), 10, p. 84.

412 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov./I/

1904. WASMANN. — Remarques . . . Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 48, p. 370.
1904. WHEELER. — The Phylogeny of Termes. Biol. Bull. Woods Hole,
5, P- 29,

1910. ZACHER. — Revision der Dermapteren. Namslau, 1910.

1911. ZACHER. — Schaedelbildung einiger Eudermapteren. Deutsche

Ent. Zeit, 1911, p. 145.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII.

Fig. i. — Lateral view of head and prothorax of Lepisma saccharina,
only basal portion of antenna, maxilla and labium repre-
sented. Specimen was stained with nitrate of silver, to dif-
ferentiate the sclerites from the membrane.

Fig. 2. — Lateral view of head and prothorax of Periplaneta amcricana
— as above.

Fig. 3. — Lateral view of head and prothorax of Termes bellicosus —
as above.

Fig. 4. — Lateral view of head of nymphal Pteronarcys — as above.

Fig. 5. — Lateral view of head and prothorax of Echinosoma — as above.

Fig. 6. — Lateral view of head and prothorax of Embia major — as
above.

Fig. 7. — Lateral view of head and prothorax of Capnia — as above.

Fig. 8. — Lateral view of head and prothorax of Titnema — as above.

Fig. 9. — Lateral view of head and prothorax of Grylloblatta campodei-
formis — as above.

Habits of Some Burrowing Scarabaeidae (Col.).

By REV. J. C. WARREN, Sylvia, Kansas.

Here within a radius of two miles there are salt marshes,
alkali beds, black loam and sand hills, and on the latter the
species under consideration were found and observations made.

Phanaeus difformis LeC. is found in sand hills only, always
choosing this sandy region to bore a straight hole almost paral-
lel with the surface, close to a fresh manure dropping. The
horn is used in lifting the sun-baked crust from these, also in
connection with the thoracic shield to press the sand in making
the pit; it is constantly used in boring and lifting, and is not
altogether an ornament as has been supposed. When coming
to the clay region the beetles will always turn back to the
sand.

PJwnacns carnifcx Linn, is found in black soil only, always
choosing hard clay or sandy loam for its burrow, nearly at
right angles with the surface, and usually the pit is close to the
roots of a bunch of grass. An examination of the ground
where the sand and black loam come together failed to show

Vbl. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS. 413

that the two species encroached on each other's territory more
than a few yards.

Canthon Iccontei Horn is an interesting little species which
makes a well in the sand one-quarter inch in diameter and three
inches deep, close to or under a fresh rabbit pellet, drops the
latter to the bottom of the pit and there bores to its center and
lays the egg. This small shiny black species when disturbed
will fold its legs and have the appearance of seeds of the sur-
rounding weeds and is apt to be overlooked.

Bradycinctus fossator Hald. — The first impression at sight
of the burrow of this species is as though a carpenter had used
a half -inch auger and left the chips around the hole. The
great burrowing crickets of this section, having similar holes,
caused considerable extra work until experience enabled me
to separate each at sight. The use of a spade a number of
times failing in results, a dry weed stalk was pushed down the
pit and the sand dug away on one side within two inches of
the stem or hole and the rest carefully removed with the fin-
gers, when the beetle would be found at the bottom, some-
times both sexes being present, at other times either sex singly.
The well would be perfectly straight and about fourteen inches
deep. The species is not scattered bnt usually restricted to small
areas in apparent colonies. A strong light placed on the sand
near the burrows yielded from three to five specimens per
evening.

Strategus mormon Burm. is a true sand hill species, some-
what restricted as to area, occurring in but a few acres, but
there in abundance. It bores a well one inch in diameter and
eighteen inches deep, then fills in with layers of old dry horse
manure, which is about a year old and in which the eggs are
laid. Judging by the different stages in which I found speci-
mens I suspect it takes three years in the larval state for devel-
opment.

Strategus mormon and Phanacu.v diffonnis both seem to
miss the old buffalo chips and do not seem to thrive as well on
the manure of domestic animals.

All the species were taken from the middle of May through-
out the month of June.

414 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [NOV., '17

Early Spring Syrphidae in California and a new

Pipiza (Dip.).

By W. M. DAVIDSON, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Sacra-

mento, Cal.1

The writer has been collecting Syrphidae in the coastal dis-
tricts of central California the past six years and has there-
from secured considerable data on the appearance of these
flies in spring. This paper aims to discuss those species which
in the adult stage reach their maximum numbers before April
and to briefly note others which have been taken in flight dur-
ing the first three months of the year. The writer is aware
of the arbitrariness of fixed dates in connection with the habits
of insects and hopes exception will not be taken to his use of
them here.

The average daily mean temperature of February is about
50 F. and of March about 54 F. in the region above cited.
Frosts are comparatively unusual after February 15 and in
March the temperature rarely drops below 35 F., while fre-
quently arising to over 70 F., yet there is probably greater an-
nual variation in the March meteorological conditions than in
those of any other month.

Syrphidae in this locality are most abundant on the wing
in the months in which most of the wild flowering plants
bloom — April and May — and thereafter are on the wane dur-
ing the dry summer until September and October, when a "re-
vival" occurs and the autumn blossoms such as BaccJiaris pil-
Inlaris Roe. and Aster chamissonis Gray yield good collecting.
The writer has taken thirty-two species of Syrphidae in March
as against fifty-eight in April and May combined. It is prob-
able that several of the species collected in April but not in
March are occasionally abroad in the earlier month.

In normal seasons five species have been observed to reach
their maximum numbers in the adult stage before April. These
are Crioprora cyanclla O. S., Cr. alope.r O. S., Chcilosia acci-
dent alls Will., Spheglna sp. (near rnjk'cntris), and

1 Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 415

arcuatus Fallen. The first two may be considered together
in a single group : These flies appear first about February 20
and may be found visiting the blossoms of almond and Myro-
balan plum for about three weeks. Thereafter they are very
scarce and do not occur beyond April. Osten Sacken reared
the former species from pupae found under oak bark and the
writer has reared alopc.v from pupae found in a similar loca-
tion. The flies move rapidly and are not easy to capture while
feeding, as they prefer to alight on the higher branches of
trees. They occur both in the valley floors and in the hills and
are typical early spring species.

Cheilosia occidentalis, which is very similar in general ap-
pearance to the European Ch. rariabilis Panzer, appears to-
wards the end of February, reaches its maximum about March
25 and during April rapidly declines in numbers. After April
it is rarely to be found. This species is rare in the valleys but
abundant in the hills near water. The males are greatly at-
tracted to plum and other blossoms and the females are more
often seen resting on low herbage. Both sexes are easily
captured. The metamorphoses are not known, but presumably
occur in plant tissues.

The Sphegina appears in flight about March 15, reaches its
maximum abundance about the end of March and then grad-
ually decreases in numbers through April, May and June.
Males are much more commonly observed than females, the
former greatly resembling some of the small ichneumonid
wasps as they hover and dart among flowers. They may be
taken in March about Tooth wort (Dentaria) and fruit trees,
and later about bridal wreath (Physocarpits capitatns
Pursh.). Females occur mostly on low vegetation near wa-
ter. Metamorphoses unknown. A common species in hilly lo-
calities, rare in valleys.

S\r pints arcuaius reaches its greatest abundance earlier than
any other predaceous form. Adults appear occasionally in
January on willow catkins, Laiirustinus and Brass! ca, are to
be found in fair abundance on warm clays in February, and
are most numerous in the latter half of March. Thereafter

416 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., '17

they may be taken up to November, but never in such abun-
dance as in March. The writer has collected larvae from
aphids on conifers in early March, indicating oviposition in
February. The larvae serve as a check upon Chermes and
Lachnus, especially the former. The flies inhabit both val-
leys and hilly places, visiting flowers and aphid infestations.

Earliest collection dates are as follows : — Crioprora cyan-
clla, February 27, 1914 (San Jose) and February 27, 1915
(Walnut Creek) ; Crioprora alopex, February 27, 1914 (San
Jose) ; Chcilosia occid^ntalis, February 12, 1913, (Walnut
Creek); Spheyina sp., March 23, 1914, and March 23, 1915
(Walnut Creek) ; Syrphus arcuatus, January 12, 1913 (Wal-
nut Creek).

Twenty-seven other species have been collected by the writ-
er before April. In January small numbers of Melanostoma
obscurum Say (?), uniformly the earliest syrphid abroad,
Eristalis tenax Linn, and the two economic Catabomba pyrastri
Linn, and Syrphus opinator O. S., are on the wing. In Feb-
ruary these become more abundant and here and there a few
examples of Eristalis hirtus Loew, E. aencus Scopoli, Meso-
yrafiia geminata Say, Eup codes Volucris O. S., Sphacro-
phoria sulphuripes Thompson, and Syrphus ainericanus Wied.
are observable. These six species later become abundant and
with the exception of Eristalis acneus, pre-eminently a garden
species, have a wide range of habitat. Up to the middle of
March four additional species appear. These are Paragns
libialis Fallen, Syrphus intrudens O. S., Eristalis occidcntalis
Will, and Helophilus mexicanus Macq. Syrphus intrudens,
unlike the other common members of the genus, is quite rare
in the valleys though abundant in the hills. In the last half of
March there is a very pronounced increase both in the number
of species and of individauls abroad. In the valleys appear
Pipiza californica sp. nov., Syrphus protritus O. S., Chryso-
gastcr sinuosa Bigot, and Syritta pipicns Linn. ; in the coast
range hills, besides these four, Volucella facialis Will., Clicil-
osia tozvnsendi Hunter, Ch. ztnllistoni Snow, Chrysochlamys
croesus O. S., Xylota nemorum Fabr., X. barbata Loew, Crior-

Vol. xxviii]

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

417

hina humcralis Will., Chrysotoxum integre Will., and Baccha
obscuricornis Loew.

The writer is indebted to Mr. F. Knab, U. S. National
Museum, for the identification of many of the species listed

above.

•

Pipiza californica sp. nov.

Length 6.25 mm. to 7.75 mm., average about 7.30 mm.

9 . — Oval, shining black without yellow abdominal markings. Face
and front : Width almost equal throughout, at ocelli four-fifths that at
base of antennae, from antennae to mouth constant; profile straight,
gently receding from antennal tubercle to mouth; ground color shining
black, covered below antennae with white, above antennae with white
and light yellow pile; on vertex there is a tuft of long white pile; in
middle of front a shallow transverse groove and an interrupted trans-
verse stripe of white pollen which is prolonged shortly down anterior
orbits, its extremities briefly separated from the upper limits of the
narrow pollen band which follows the orbits around the eyes to the
vertex; occiput fringed with white pile; cheek shining black, clothed
with pale yellow pile. Eyes covered with rather long white pile.

Antennae : Black, under side of third, and sometimes of second,
joint reddish-yellow or reddish-brown: basal joints black pilose; ter-
minal joint elongate oval, somewhat exceeding in length the combined
basal joints; arista bare, brownish-black, basally reddish-yellow but
sometimes all brownish-black, in length slightly exceeding the third
joint; third joint almost twice as long as broad.

Thorax black, shining, the anterior half more brightly than the pos-
terior; pile white or light-colored. Scutellum black, obscurely shining,
with rather long light-colored pile.

Pipiza californica sp. nov. Head and wing of male, antennae of male and of female.

Wings hyaline, stigma light amber; last section of fourth longitudinal
vein rectangular and petiolate near base, angulated before middle into
first posterior cell, the re-entrant angle thus formed sometimes petio-
late; outer angle of discal and first posterior cells acute to rectangular;
haltcres light yellow, knob brown in centre.

418 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., '17

Legs black with white pile; knees, base of tibiae, two basal joints of
anterior four tarsi reddish-yellow or reddish-brown: pile on inferior
surface of tarsi and tibiae golden yellow; hind metatarsi slightly
thickened.

Abdomen wholly shining black with white pile, more abundant on
sides than on disc; abdomen oval, equal in length to head and thorax
combined; maximum width slightly exceeding that of thorax.

<3 . — Body narrower than in female, general character similar. Head :
Vertical triangle shining black with more or less black pile in region
of ocelli; frontal triangle shining black, on sides with black pile, in
center and above with light-colored pile (some specimens have the pile
all black except for a few hairs just above antennae). Eyes contigu-
ous for about 10 facets.

Antennae : Length somewhat variable, in general shorter than in
female, shape of third joint more orbicular, coloration similar.

Thorax black shining, clothed with light yellow pile, which is longer
than in the female.

Legs colored as in female, in some specimens the apical and basal
fourth of tibiae and the first three tarsal joints of anterior four legs
are yellow.

Abdomen with broad, ill-defined dull black bands at the bases of
segments, elsewhere shining metallic; pile light yellow and white,
abundant along the sides and much longer than in the female.

Described from 6 females and 14 males.

Type 9 and allotype $ in the collection of the U. S. Na-
tional Museum.

Type locality, Walnut Creek, Calif.

A common valley species appearing towards the end of
March. The adults have been taken until October, but are not
abundant after May. In 1913 they were very abundant in
spring, flying about wild rose bushes (Rosa} and since then
they have been observed frequently in April about blossoms
of poison oak (Rhits divcrsiloba T. & Gr.), in May about
grape flowers, and throughout summer about aphid infesta-
tions on trees such as Black Walnut (Jnglans californica Wat-
son). The larvae is aphidophagous, a male fly having been
reared in May, 1914, from a larva found feeding upon the
sexes of Pemphigus populicaulis Fitch (Aphid.) underneath
detritus about poplar bark.

The author had previously considered this species P. pis-
tic aides Will., and has twice referred it to that species (Jour-

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

nal Econ. Ent., Aug. '15, p. 421 ; Oct. '16, p. 456), but Mr. F.
Knab, U. S. National Museum, has pronounced the species
new. It is evidently closely allied to P. pisticoidcs Will, and
to P. pistica Will. P. calif ornica is recognizable in the female
through the wholly shining abdomen clothed with white and
light colored pile ; in the male, through the dull bands at the
base of the segments and in the longer pile.

The author is indebted to Mr. F. Knab for helpful sug-
gestions in drawing up the description.

Preliminary List of North Dakota Wasps exclusive
of Eumenidae (Hym.)«

By O. A. STEVENS, Agricultural College, North Dakota.

While collecting flower-visiting insects in the State the past
seven years, the writer has taken a considerable number of
wasps, although giving special attention to bees. It has been
possible to have nearly all of these identified, and especially
as very little has been published concerning the insects of the
State, it seems worth while to present the list at this time.
Many additional species will doubtless be found by more thor-
ough collecting, especially in the region of the Missouri River.

From the wasps thus far collected, five new species have
been described as follows :

Cerceris dakotensis Banks — Can. Ent., vol. 47, p. 402, 1915.

Cerceris stigniosalis Banks — Ent. News, vol. 27, p. 64, 1916.

Xylocclia striata Mickel — Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 9, p. 350,
1916.

Thyrcopus kno.vcnsis Mickel — Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 42,
p. 424, 1916.

Crabro prolctanus Mickel — Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 42,
p. 426, 1916.

The identifications of the Sphecidae are by Dr. H. T. I;er-
nald, the Psammocharidae and Philanthidae by Mr. Nathan
Banks, the Bembecidae in part by Dr. J. B. Parker; all others
by Mr. C. E. Mickel, excepting the Vespidne, for which th^
writer is responsible, and the genus Minicsn. 1 am also greatlv
indebted to Mr. Mickel for revising the arrangement and no-
menclature of the list.

42O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l/

Family MUTILLIDAE.
Dasymutilla bioculata (Cress.)- Bismarck; one male, July 8, on

flowers of Sium cicutae folium.
Dasymutilla canella (Blake). Minot; one male, Aug. 22.

Family SCOLIIDAE.

Tiphia sp. (inornatus Say ?). Bismarck; four, July 8, on flowers
of Sium cicutaefolium.

Family SAPYGIDAE.

Eusapyga sp. Williston; Aug. 14; two at clay bank where bees were
nesting (Anthophora and Osmia).

Family VESPIDAE.

Vespa arenaria Fab. (V '. consobrina Sauss.). Fargo; one worker,
Sept. 4. 1915.

Vespa diabolica Sauss. Fargo; several, at flowers of Aster panicu-
latus, Clematis virginiana, Melilotus alba, Salix sp., Snlidago
canadcnsis, S. rigida. Also from Lake Park, Minnesota, (C. H.
Waldron) on Impatiens biflora and Scrophularia Icporclla. This
is the most common hornet in this locality. I have seen a nest
in a tree and several under the eaves of houses in the city. One
of the latter removed after dark, Aug. 25, contained over 600
adults and must have had two or three times as many larvae
and pupae.

Vespa maculata Linn. Fargo: four males, one on Aster panicula-
tus. Also from Lake Park, Minnesota (C. H. Waldron), on
Eupatorium perfoliatum and Impatiens biflora.

Vespa vulgaris Linn. Fargo; 3 queens, one male, one on Salix sp.
Also from Lake Park, Minnesota, (C. H. Waldron) on Impatiens
biflora.
T have also a worker of V . ridua Sauss. from Lake Park, Minnesota,

(C. H. Waldron) on Impatiens biflora. This locality while only 40

miles from Fargo is at the edge of the lake and forest region, and

may be the western limit of many insects as it is of plants.

Polistes sn. Fargo (in one of the college buildings), Medora, Sen-
tinel Butte, Mott (J. R. Campbell); on Aster sp., SoUda°o ri./ida
and Vagnera stcllata. On Aug. 30, 1914, I found queens fairly
common at Medora ; otherwise these wasps have seemed very rare
here and I have not seen a nest.

Family PSAMMOCHARIDAE.

Cerooales fraternus F. Sm. Fargo, Bismarck. Schafer: July 8 to

Sept. 6, on Mclilohis alba, Sium cicutaefolium and Solidago

canadcnsis.
Cryptocheilus terminalis Say. Williston, one, Aug. 14, Mcdicago

satii'a (not tripping the flowers).
Psammochares srctus (Cress.). Fargo; one. Tune 15. on. Zizia

aurca (C. H. Waldron).
Psammochares illinoensis (Rob.). Fargo: one, September 10, on

Aster paniculatus.

Family SPHECIDAE.
Chlorion (Palmodes) laeviventris (Cress.). Williston; one female,

Aug. 15, on McWntits officinalis.
Chlorion (Priononvx) atratum (T.ep.). Steele: one male, July l t.

on Carduus iindulatus; Mott (J. R. Campbell): one female, Aug.

20, on Solidago rigida.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 421

Chlorion (Isodontia) elegang (F. Sm.). Williston; one, August 8,

at clav bank.
Psammophila violaceipennis (Lep.)- Fargo, Monango; July 2 to

Sept. 15; on Aster mnltiflorus, Amorpha canescens, Lactuca pu-

chella and Solidago serotina.
Psammophila luctuosa (F. Sm.). Dickinson (C. H. Waldron) ; one

female, May 25, on Mains mains.
Several other specimens have not been determined definitely.

Family STIZIDAE.

Stizus unicinctus Say. Williston; one male, August 15, on
Kuhnistera oligophylla.

Family NYSSONIDAE.

Astatus nebeculus Cress. Williston; one female, August 8, at clay

bank.
Nysscn lateralis Pack. Bismarck; one male, July 8, on Shim cicu-

tacfolium.
Hoplisus albosignatus (Fox). Fargo (C. H. Waldron); one female,

June 15, on Zizia anrea.
Hoplisus atrifrons (Fox). Fargo; four males, June 16, on Zisia

aurca.
Hoplisus nebulosus (Pack.), Valley City; one female, August 13,

on Hclianthns maximiliani.
Pseudoplisus phaleratus (Say). Fargo; two males, July 2'.) and

Aug. 21, on Solidago serotina.

Family PHILANTHIDAE.
Sub-family Philanthinae.

Philanthus solvivagus Cress. Sheldon, Medora, Mott (J. R. Camp-
bell); Aug. 12 and 30, on Solidago canadcnsis and S. rigida.

Philanthus albipilosus Cress. Williston, Sheldon; many specimens;
Aug. 8 and 12; on Heliantlins maximiliani, H. pctiolaris, Kuhnis-
tera villosa and Solidago serotina.

Philanthus lepidus Cress. Fargo, Bismarck, Valley City; July 8
to Aug. 10, on Aster salicifnlius, Lactnca pulchclla, Mclilotus alba.
Physostei/ia parri flora. Sinm cicntacfolinin, Solidago serotina and
Syniphoricarpos occidcntalis.

Philanthus pacificus Cress. Sheldon; August 12; two on Knhnistera
rillosa.

Philanthus flavifrons Cress. \Villiston. Minot: Aueust 1."> and 22;
several on Grindclia sijnarrosa and Knhnistera oligophylla.

Philanthus vertilabris Dahlb. Williston; one, August 15, on
Kuhnistera oligophylla.

Ococletfs hasilaris (Cress.). Medora; several. August 30. on
Solidago rigida.

Ococletes sanbornii (Cress.). U'h trninanl Dunn). Williston; one,
Aug. 15, on Kuhmstcra nliii/>pli\llti.

Aphilanthops frigidus Sm. Sheldon; August 12, one specimen.

Aphilanthops subfrigidus Cress. Bismarck; one, July s, on Sinm
cicutaefoj,ium.

Sub-family Cercerinae.

Cerceris chrysippe Banks. Fargo; four, August 2 and 10, on
Solidago serotina.

422 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l/

Cerceris dentifrons Cress. Fargo (C. H. Waldron) ; one, August

19, on Solidago rigida.

Cerceris deserta Say. Fargo, Pleasant Lake, Mott (J. R. Camp-
bell) ; four, July 31 to Aug. 31, on Solidago canadensis and S.

scrotina.
Cerceris occipitomaculata Pack. Williston; three, August 15, on

Kuhnistera oligophylla.
Cerceris dakotensis Banks. Fargo: six, July 7 to September 6, on

Mclilotus alba, Solidago canadensis and 5. scrotina.
Cerceris nigrescens F. Sm. Fargo, Valley City. Bismarck, Mylo;

June 29 to July 21, on Slum cicutacfoliuin, Symphoricarpos ccci-

dcntalis and Zizia aurea.
Cerceris stigmosalis Banks. Fargo; one, September 4, on Solidago

canadensis.
Cerceris halone Banks. Fargo; four, July 31 and August 2, on

Solidago serotina.
Cerceris fulvipediculata Schlet. Fargo, Monango, Granville; July

3 to Aug. 24, on Amorpha cancsccns, Mclilotus alba and Kuhnis-

tfra oligophylla.
Cerceris rufinoda Cress. Bismarck; one, July 8, on Sium cicutae-

folium..
Cerceris rufinoda crucis Vier. & Ckll. Williston, Minot; two,

Aug. 15 and 22, on Kuhnistera oligophylla..
Cerceris finitima Cress. Minot; one, August 22, on Kuhnistera

oligophylla.
Eucerceris bicolor Cress. Minot; four, August 22, on Kuhnistera

oligophylla.
Eucerceris fulvipes Cress. Bismarck; one, July 8, on Siuin cicutac-

foliitm.
Eucerceris superba Cress. Williston, Minot; several, August 15

and 22, on Kuhnistera oligophylla.

Family LARRIDAE.

Tachysphex tarsatus (Say). Sheldon; one female, August 12.
Tachysphex fusus Fox. Dickinson; one male, July 4.
Tachysphex mundus Fox. Bismarck; one female, July 8, on Sium

cicntacfolium.
Tachysphex tenuipunctus Fox. Fargo; one female, August 26, on

Solidago canadensis.
Tachytes pepticus (Say). Williston, Minot; three, August 15 and

22, on Kuhnistera oligophylla.

Family BEMBICIDAE.

Stictiella emarginata (Cress). Williston; one female, August 15,

on Kuhnistera oligophylla.
Bicyrtes ventralis (Say). Medora, Williston; four, August 8 and

30, on Helianthus pctiolaris, Solidago rigida and S. scrotina.
Bembix sayi Cress. Dickinson, July 28 (C. H. Waldron) ; Sheldon,

Aug. 12, on Kuhnistera villosa.
Bembix spinolae Lep. Fargo, Sheldon, Mott (J. R. Campbell);

July ii to Sept. 15, on Aster multiflorus, A. paniculatns, Centaurea

jacca, Grindclia squarrosa, Solidago canadensis, S. rigida. Also

from Lake Park, Minnesota (C. H. Waldron), on Eupatorium

perfoliatuni.
Microbembex monodonta (Say). Sheldon; three females, Aug. 12.

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 423

Family PSENIDAE.

Mimesa mixta (Fox.) (det. Regan.) Lisbon; one male, June 5, on

Hydrophyllum i-irginicum.
Mimesa pauper Pack. (det. Regan.) Knox, two, July 13, on

filial cicutae folium.

Xylocelia striata Mickel. Dickinson; one female, July 4.
Cemonus inornatus (Say). Fargo; three males, June 13 and 15, on
Zizia aurca.

Family CRABRONIDAE.

Thyreopus tenuiglossis (Pack.). Fargo; two females, August 15,

on Aster paniculatus.
Thyreopus knoxensis Mickel. Knox; one male, July 13, on Sium

cicutae folium.

Crabro rufifemur Pack. Fargo, Monango; several, July 3 to Sep-
tember I, on Lactuca pulchella, Mclilotus alba, Solidago canaden-
sis and Symphoricarpos occidcntalis.

Crabro dilectus Cress. Mott (J. R. Campbell) ; three, August 20,

on Solidago mollis.

Crabro gracilissimus Pack. Fargo; one male, June 13, on Zizia
aurea.

Crabro sexmaculatus Say. Fargo, Lisbon; four, June 5 and 13, on
Zizia aurca.

Crabro heraclei Rohwer. Lisbon; one male, June 5, on Hydro-
phyllum virginicum.

Crabro protelarius Mickel. Lisbon; one male, June 5, on Hydro-
phyllum virginicum.

Crabro chrysargyrus Lep. Fargo; several, June 19 to August 13,
on Aster multiflorus, Solidago canadensis and Zizia aurea.

Crabro maculatus (Fab.). Fargo; several, June 29 to August 1, on
Clematis virginiana and Solidago serotina.

Crabro montanus Cress. Fargo. Lisbon; two females, June 5 and
20, on Heraclcum lanatum and Zizia aurea.

Crabro producticollis Pack. Fargo; a female, July 29, on Clematis
virginiana; two males July 31, on Solidago serotina.

Crabro interruptus (Lep.). Fargo, Mylo; many, July 7 to Sep-
tember 6, on Melilotus alba, Solidago canadensis, S. rigida, S.
serotina, Symphoricarpos occidcntalis and Zizia aurea.

Family OXYBELIDAE.

Notoglossa emarginata (Say). Pleasant Lake; a pair, August 11,
on Solidago canadensis.

Oxybelus subulatus Rob. Monango, Granville; four, July 3 and 8,
on Amorpha cancsccns and Kuhnistera oligoph\lla. Two from
Fargo (Nos. 2068 and 2083) are tentatively referred here; also
one from Minot (9337).

Oxybelus quadrinotatus Rob. Fargo, Valley City, Lisbon, Pleasant
Lake, Dickinson; many, June 5 to August 19, on Apocynitm hyper-
icifoliitnt. Helianthus pctinlaris, Mclilotus alba. Solidatjo cana-
densis, S. rigida and Zizia aurca.

Oxybelus quadrinotatus montanus Rob. ' Mcdora; one female,
August 30, on Solidago rigida.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, 1917.

The News for 1918.

The flag of the NEWS has been kept flying during the year
1917 as our editorial for January last announced that it would
be. In spite of the increased costs we shall issue twenty-eight
plates for 1917, as compared with 25 in 1916, 20 in 1915 and
18 in 1914. That this has been accomplished is, of course, in
large measure due to the co-operation of authors who have
borne part of the expense. The present number and that for
December will comprise the usual number of pages, bringing
the total for the year to 480, exclusive of the index, title-page,
etc.

It would be idle, however, to pretend that the NEWS can
remain unaffected by the present great economic changes of
the world, or that it can be independent of the increasing costs
of production of almost all things. We therefore find ourselves
temporarily compelled to reduce our pages to 40 per issue for
.1918 and to bear the expense of but one plate of line-engrav-
ings per month. Illustrations requiring half-tone reproduc-
tion, or more than one plate of line-engravings per article, can
only be published at the author's expense and the costs of such
have already become greater than those announced for 1917
on the second page of our cover. Articles accompanied by
single plates of line-engravings reproduced at the expense of
the NEWS will in consequence "wait their turn" to appear in
order of acceptance.

As soon as conditions improve sufficiently we will restore
the NEWS to its present dimensions. The subscription price
for 1918 will be as at present.

We bespeak the continued support of all our old friends and
the financial aid of those who, associated with institutions sub-
scribing to the NEWS, are not themselves subscribers, although
often enjoying the hospitality of our pages.

424

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKWS. 42$

Notes and Nevsrs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

Abundance of the Fall Web Worm. (Lepid.)

In June [1917], members of the entomological force at Audubon
Park, New Orleans, noticed many webs and larvae of the fall web
worm (Hyphantria te.vtor) on willows, mulberries, osage oranges and
other trees in the vicinity of the city — across the Mississippi River
southwest of Marerro (formerly Amesville) on the road to Shell
Beach, near Hahnville and other points on the Texas and Pacific Ry.,
and on the road to West End. During the latter part of the week of
July 8th, the business section of New Orleans was invaded by myriads
of the small white moths of this species. On the morning of Friday,
July I3th, when they were most numerous, they were observed in
great numbers resting on buildings and telephone poles. The appear-
ance of poles and other objects in the early morning was as if they
had received a thorough coat of whitewash. The tops of several large
hotels and department store buildings in New Orleans are illuminated
nightly by rows of electric lights, and these, together with the street
lights and electric signs of the business section, produce a radiance
against the sky which can be seen for a long distance. It is evident
that a large proportion of the moths flew past or above hundred? of
ordinary street lights to reach the brilliant illumination of Canal Street.
Eggs have since been taken on sycamore, and extraordinary numbers
of larvae were observed on August 7 on mulberry, willow, palms, rose
bushes and bananas in the city, as well as crawling over a house.-
T. E. HOLLOWAY, in Reps. Nos. 4 and 5, Emergency Entom. Service,
U. S. Dept. Agr., Aug. i and Sept. i, 1917.

The Entomological Collections of the University of Michigan.

The report of the Director of the Museum of Zoology of tin-
University for July i, 1916, to June 30, 1917, dated October, 1917,
has just appeared. Special prominence is given to the report on the
Division of Entomology by F. M. Gaige, Scientific Assistant in Charge
of Insects. To meet its relations to the public, the department of zool
ogy of the University, other institutions and independent scientific
workers, the Division is endeavoring to acquire with the greatest ex-
pedition an elaborate collection of Michigan insects for general refer-
ence, for public exhibition, for loan to educational institution? and
for intensive study. Co-operation with naturalists in Michigan and
neighboring States has been sought; Dr. W. W. Newcomb has been
made Honorary Curator of Lepidoptera, Mr. E. B. Williamson, Honor-
ary Curator of Odonata and Mr. A. W. Andrews. Associate Curat< r

426 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov.,'l7

of Coleoptera. Considerable assistance has also been received from
Messrs. A. F. Combs and W. MacAlpine. The most noteworthy recent
additions to the collections are : Very large collections of Michigan
Coleoptera; large numbers of Michigan Lepidoptera, Odonata and Dip-
tera; of Formicidae (which Mr. Gaige is studying intensively) from
Colombia, British Guiana, the Windward Islands, Michigan, Texas and
Nevada; some 50,000 Philippine insects of nearly all orders from
Prof. E. M. Ledyard, but little of this last material has been determined
except the Lepidoptera. The mounted collection is in 220 Schmidt
boxes (in metal cabinets of the Skinner type) and 125 Comstock boxes
(in whitewood cabinets).

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

4 — The Canadian Entomologist. 5 — Psyche. 6 — Journal, New
York Entomological Society. 8 — The Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine, London. 9 — The Entomologist, London. 10 — Nature,
London. 12 — Comptes Rendus, L'Academie des Sciences, Paris.
21 — The Entomologist's Record, London. 50 — Proceedings, U. S.
National Museum. 68 — Science, New York. 75 — Annual Report,
Entomological Society of Ontario, Toronto. 131 — Proceedings,
South London Entomological and Natural History Society. 179—
Journal of Economic Entomology. 180 — Annals, Entomological
Society of America. 181 — Guide to Nature, Sound Beach, Conn.
184 — Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 206 — The
Scottish Naturalist, Edinburgh. 217 — Bulletin, Societe Entomolo-
gique d'Egypte. 238 — Anales, Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Bue-
nos Aires. 240 — Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Ort>no.
259 — Publications, Carnegie Institution of Washington. 285 — Na-
ture Study Review, Ithaca, N. Y. 322 — Journal of Morphology,
Philadelphia. 344 — U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. 406 — Boletin del Museo Nacional de Chile, Santiago de Chile.

Vol. XXviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 427

407 — Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England. 447 — Journal of
Agricultural Research, Washington. 480 — The Annals of Applied
Biology. 531 — Boletin, Direccion de Estudios Biologicos, Mexico.
532 — Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America, Washington. 540 — The Lepidopterist. Official
Bulletin, Boston Entomological Club. 543 — Genetics, Princeton,
N. J. 550 — Occasional Papers, Boston Society of Natural History.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Brown, T. N.— Personal notice by R. C.
Miller, 181, x, 153-5. Burge, W. E. — The catalase content of lumi-
nous and non-luminous insects compared, 68, xlvi, 295. Chapman,
T. A. — An instance of a double pupal skin; Injury to pupa and mal-
formation of imago, 8, 1917, 196-7: 216. Doane, R. W.— Effect of
smelter gases on insects, 68, xlvi, 295-6. Gates, F. C. — Synchronism
in the flashing of fire flies, 68, xlvi, 314. Harvey, E. N. — The chem-
istry of light-production in luminous organisms, 259, No. 251, 171-
234. Herrera, M. — Insectos homocromicos y mimeticos mexicanos,
531, ii, 83-91. Huie, L. H. — Some notes on the microscopical prep-
aration of insects, 206, 1917, 219-229. Lyle, G. T. — On the cocoon
colour of various insects, 9, 1917, 153-4. Silva, F. — Informe del jefe
de la secion de Aracnalojia e insectos daninos, 406, vii, 158-93.
Slosson, A. T. — A few memories. II, 6, xxv, 93-7-

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Holt, C M.— Multiple
complexes in the alimentary tract of Culex pipiens, 322, xxix, 607-27.
Lankester, E. R. — The terminology of parthenogenesis, 10, cix,
504-5. Lecaillon, A. — Sur la signification des changements de cou-
leur qui se produisent normalement dans certains oeufs non fe-
condes de Bombyx mori . . .12, 1917, 192-4. Lockhead, W.—
Insects as material for studies in heredity, 75, 1916, 66-72. Mc-
Clung, C. E. — The multiple chromosomes of Hesperottetix and
Mermiria, 322, xxix, 519-608. May, H. G. — The appearance of re-
verse mutations in the bar-eyed race of Drosophila under experi-
mental control, 532, iii, 544-5. .Plough, H. H. — The effect of tem-
perature on linkage in the second chromosome of Drosophila. 532,
iii, 553-5. Shull, A. F. — Sex determination in Anthothrips verbasci.
543, ii, 480-8. Sturtevant, A. H. — Genetic factors affecting the
strength of linkage in Drosophila, 532, iii, 555-58. Wenrich, D. H.
— Synapsis and chromosome organization in Chorthippus curtipennis
and Trimerotropis suffusa, 322, xxix, 471 -."> is

MEDICAL. Howard, L. O. — The relation of insects to disease
in man and animals, 75, 1916, 57-62.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Aragas, H. de B.— Ixodidas. Commissao
de l.inli:is Tclegraphicas Estrategicas dc Matto-Crosso ao Ama-
zonas (Pub. No. 36, 19 pp.). Eales, N. B. — The life history and

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov., 'l/

economy of the cheese mites, 480, iv, 28-35. Herms, W. B. —
tribution to the life-history and habits of the spinose ear-tick, Orni-
thodoros megnini, 179, x, 407-11.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Folsom, J. W.— North American col-
lembolous insects of the subfamily Onychiurinae [many newJ, 50,
liii, 637-59. McGregor, E. A. — Eight new Mallophaga of the genus
Lipeurus from N. American birds [8 new], 5, 1917, 106-17.

HEMIPTERA. Barber, H. G.— Synoptic key to the Lygaeidae
of the U. S., 5, 1917, 128-35. Dickerson, E. L.— Notes on Lepto-
byrsa rhododendri, 6, xxv, 105-12. Fenton, F. A. — Observations on
Lecanium corni and Physokermes piceae, 4, 1917, 309-20. Green,
E. E. — A list of Coccidae affecting various genera of plants, 480,
iv, 75-89 (cont). Hollinger, A. H. — Taxonomic value of antennal
segments of certain Coccidae, 180, x, 264-78. Hungerford. H. G.—
Life history of a boatman, 6, xxv, 112-22. Parshley, H. M. — Fauna
of New England, XIV. — List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera, 550,
vii, 119 pp.

Baker, D. C. — Eastern aphids, new or little known [6 new], 179,
x, 420-33. Patch, E. M. — Eastern aphids, new or little known, Part
I [4 new], 179, x, 416-20.

LEPIDOPTERA. Adkin, R.— The resting habits of white but-
terflies, 9, 1917, 191. Ocneria dispar in Britain, 131, 1916-17, 1-6.
Baird, A. B. — An historical account of the forest-tent-caterpillar
and of the fall-webworm in N. America, 75, 1916, 73-87. Braun,
A. F. — Observations on the pupal wings of Nepticula, with com-
parative notes on other genera, 180, x, 233-9. Chapman, T. A.—
The genus Hesperia, 21, 1917, 141-5 (cont.). Comstock, A. B.—
The common butterflies, 285, xiii, 217-243. Dolley, W. L.— The rate
of locomotion in Vanessa antiopa in . . different illuminations,
184, xxiii, 507-18. Figuero, C. S. — Algunas observaciones sobre la
variacion entre los L. Chilenos, 406, ix, 54-64. Fountaine, M. E. —
List of butterflies taken in the neighbourhood of Los Angeles, Cnl..
9, 1917, 154-6. Hall, A. — New butterflies of the family Xymphalidae,
9, 1917, 161-3 (cont.). Harrison, J. W. H. — Studies in the hybrid
Bistoninae, II, 407, vi, 269-313. Hess, H. M.— Color key to the
common butterflies, 285, xiii, 244-51. Mosher, E. — Pupae of some
Maine species of Notodontoidea, 240, Bui. 259. ReifT & Cassino—
Two weeks at Rockledge, Fla., 540, i, 75-8 (cont.). Shufeldt, R. W.
—Some familiar butterflies, 285, xiii, 255-60. Tarbat, J. E.— Prepon-
derance of the female sex in L., 9, 1917, 190. Turner, H. J.— The
genus Pararge, 131, 1916-17, 7-17. Wickwire, H. A. — Some dis-
guises of the mourning-cloak, 285, xiii, 252-:;. Willcocks, F. C. — A

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 429

sound produced by tlie larva of the death's-head moth, 217, I'.ild,
100-1.

Barnes & McDunnough — A new Canadian Noctuid, 4, I'.HT, 320-1.
Cassino, S. E. — A new form of Catocala ultronia, 540, i, 70-80.
Swett, L. W. — Geometrid notes [1 n. name], 540, i, 78-9. Wright,
W. S. — Notes and descriptions of Geometridae [3 new], 6, xxv,
123-5.

DIPTERA. Figueroa, C. S. — Contribucion al conocimento de la
familia Phoridae en Chile, 406, ix, 5-21. Townsend, C. H. T.— The
head and throat bots of American game animals, 6, xxv, 98-105.

Banks, N. — Notes on some n. sps. of the genus Dioctria [(> new].

5, 1917, 117-19. Greene, C. T. — Two new cambium miners, 447, x,
313-17.

COLEOPTERA. Brethes, J. — Description d'un nouveau genre
et d'une nouvelle espece de Ptiliidae du Chili, 403., vii, 278-9. Bur-
gess & Collins — The genus Calosoma: including studies of seasonal
habits, etc., 344. Bui. 417. Davis, W. T. — Ammodonus fossor on
Staten Island, 6, xxv, 1:3(5-7. Harvey. E. N.— What substance is
the source of the light in the firefly, 68, xlvi, 241-3. Hyslop. J.
A. — The phylogeny of the Elateridae based on larval characters,
180, x, 241-G3. Leng, C. W. — Syncalypta spinosa in X. America,

6, xxv, 128-9. Main, H. — On rearing beetles of the genus Geo-
trupes, 131, 1910-17, 18-22. Winn, A. F. — Note on Physonota uni-
puncta, 75, 1916, 50-1.

Chamberlin, W. J.— An annotated list of the scolytid beetles of
Oregon [2 new], 4, 1917, 321-28. Schaeffer, C.— On some N. Amer-
ican Cleridae [(> new], 6, xxv, 129-34.

HYMENOPTERA. Allard, H. A.— A unique hornet's nest. 68,
xlvi, 313-4. Bruch, C.— Costumbres y nidos de hormigas, 238,
Ixxxiii, 302-1 fi. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Xew social bees. 5, 1917, 120-8.
Prison, T. H. — Notes on Bombidae, and on the life history of
Bombus auricomus, 180, x. 277-86. Gahan & Rohwer — Lectotypes
of the species of H. described by Abbe Provancher, 4, 1917. 298-308
(conO. Nelson, J. A. — The relation of the malpighian tubules of. the
hind intestine in the honeybee larva, 68, xlvi, 343-5. Rockwood,
L. P. — An aphis parasite feeding at puncture holes made by the
ovipositor, 179, x, 415.

Cushman, R. A. — Eight new sps. of reared ichneumon Hies with
notes on some others; A revision of hymenopterous insects of the
tribe Cremastini of America, north of Mexico [many neu]. 50, liii.
457-4(i9, 503-51. Girault, A. A. — Notes and descriptions of miscel-
laneous chalcid-flies [12 new], 50, liii, 445-50.

43° ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov.,'l7

THE BLATTIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF THE MEXICAN BOUNDARY.
By MORGAN HEBARD. Memoirs of the American Entomological
Society, No. 2, pp. 284, pis. x.

For many years systematic knowledge of our cockroaches has been
a reproach to American entomologists, a condition which has been
due largely to scantiness and random character of material, unattrac-
tiveness of subject and lack of economic importance except of a few
species. This work by Mr. Hebard will go far to remedy this condition.

Over 5350 specimens, in large part of original gathering, and com-
prising also the historical material from the largest American collec-
tions, has been studied in preparation of this paper, which, through
its careful and critical treatment, supplies a firm basis for further
•work. It was inevitable, under the preceding chaotic conditions, the
relation of winged and wingless forms often being unknown, that
many names should be synonymous. Platamodes, Temnopteryx and
Ischnoptera have long proved stumbling-blocks to the would-be identi-
fier of our native wild roaches. At last some of the doubtful points
of identity and nomenclature relating to these genera may be considered
settled.

Not only have large series of native species been studied but also
extensive extra-limital and exotic collections for their bearing on the
forms and characters presented by our own; and several short papers
on portions of the group have been published during the preparation of
this work. Attention is wisely directed herein, both under generic
and specific heads, primarily to those features proved to be of real diag-
nostic value, their comparative importance differing in different groups:
also to the range of variation presented in each species. The genitalia
of the male, relatively inaccessible and in consequence long negelcted,
have been examined and proved to possess valuable specific characters.
Keys for the identification of both males and females of the native
and the established exotic species are furnished; as the«e will doubt-
less be used by novices as well as by experienced entomologists, an
additional one for distinguishing the sexes might well have been added.

Forty-three species and one geographic race are treated, of which
ten are probably established exotic adventives of domiciliary charac-
ter. A supplementary section is devoted to a discussion of adventive
material; this treats of 141 specimens representing 31 species of acci-
dental occurrence beyond the normal limits of their range. Of these
8 are native to the southern United States. Probably the importation
of tropical fruit is responsible for the great majority of the occur-
rences, which are recorded from as far inland as Ontario, Wisconsin,
Iowa, Nebraska, Idaho and Utah. An interesting question is raised in
reference to the possible parthenogenetic character in America of one
of these, Pycnoscchis swrinamensis , of which nearly 400 females have
been captured but no males.

Vol. XXviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 431

The paper is well illustrated by a text figure explanatory of venation,
and 190 pen drawings on ten plates representing dorsal aspects and
diagnostic details.

We congratulate Mr. Hebard and the American Entomological So-
ciety on the high quality of this second number of the Memoirs and
hope for many more. — A. P. MORSE.

Doings of Societies.

Entomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia.

Meeting of May 24, 1917, Director Philip Laurent presiding. Ten
persons present. Mr. C. W. Frost was elected a member.

Hymenoptera. — Mr. Cushman made a few remarks on his work
in the Ichnenmonidae, especially the Pimplini, citing instances of the
multiplicity of names given to generically doubtful species.

Orthoptera. — Some remarks were given on Mermaria birittata
Serville, by Mr. Rehn, showing how he established that species as dis-
tinct from a very closely allied form.

Lepidoptera. — Mr. Laurent commented on the several recent
checklists of the Lepidoptera, especially on the difficulty of finding the
same species in each. He called attention to the excellent list by the
Ornithologists' LInion and cited instances of its superiority over those
in Lepidoptera in the method used in referring to the order lists. Mr.
Willinms spoke of the number of species in the Rhopalocera which
have been placed in the synonymy, evidently showing that the inter-
mediates of many species have been described as distinct species. —
E. T. CRESSON, JR., Recorder.

The Entomological Society of Nova Scotia.

The Entomological Society of Nova Scotia is now in the second
year of its existence and has issued its second annual report. The
Society solicits the support of the nature student, the farmer, the fruit
grower, the health officer and all those interested in any phase of in-
sprt life. Tf the proper support is forthcoming, we will be able to
publish a larger, better and more comprehensive report, that will appeal
to all classes of citizens. At present the entire cost of publication is
met by the government, but hereafter all funds not otherwise utilized
will be applied to the printing of suitable illustrations in order to make
the report more attractive and valuable to the general reader. The
subscription fee, payable to the undersigned, is $1.00 per year. This
entitles the member to the annual report of this society, to the annual

432 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Nov.,'l7

report of the Entomological Society of Ontario and to the entomologi-
cal publications of the provincial and Dominion Departments of Agri-
culture. There is also available to professional entomologists or to
all who desire it, the "Canadian Entomologist," a technical publication
of interest to entomologists only. New members should state whether
or not they desire this monthly. All those who wish to receive copies
of entomological bulletins, kindly inform the undersigned, and those
whose address is incomplete or incorrect will confer a favor by inform-
ing us of the same. — W. H. BRITTAIN, Secretary-Treasurer, Dept. of
Agriculture, Truro, Nova Scotia.

Entomological Section of the Lorquin Natural History Club.

Several enthusiastic Entomologists of the Lorquin Natural History
Club, of Los Angeles, California, realizing the need of an organized
association for the promotion of Entomology in Southern California,
have recently formed an Entomological section of the club. The first
meeting was held in the public library on September I5th, 1917. Plans
for the section were discussed, and as the several speakers gave their
views on the subject it became more and more apparent that an enor-
mous amount of work is still to be done in this section of the country.
In fact, Southern California is still a virgin field for the study and
classification of insects. The life of Pierre Joseph Lorquin, a pioneer
California naturalist, in whose honor the Club is named, was read.
Dr. J. A. Comstock was elected Chairman of the section and Mr. Raoul
M. May was elected Secretary. Fourteen persons were present at the
first meeting. The section meets the third Saturday evening of each
month in the public library. All. entomologists are invited to be present.
—RAOUL M. MAY, Secretary, 2202 W. loth St., Los Angeles, California.

The Florida Entomological Society and its New Organ.

This Society, organized January 5, 1916, as noticed in the News,
volume xxvii, page 133, decided at its April, 1917, meeting to publish
a quarterly, entitled "The Florida Buggist," two numbers of which
have now appeared dated June 21 and September 21, respectively. The
Editor is Prof J. R. Watson, Dr. E. W. Berger is Associate Editor
and K. E. Bragdon, Business Manager. The Society and the Buggist
are located at Gainesville. Sixty-one members are enrolled. No richer
field for the cultivation of entomology than the Southeastern States
exists and such a society as that of Florida ought to flourish as the
White-fly, the Sweet Potato Root Weevil and the Anopheles Mosquito,
which its members discuss in their new journal. May they succeed in
eradicating these insect pests and their Society and Buggist widen our
knowledge for many years to come !

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DECEMBER. 1917.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

Vol. XXVIII. No. 1O.

Henry Shimer
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ENT. NEWS, Vol. XXVIII.

Plate XXVIII.

NEW MALLOPHAGA FROM NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.-McGREGOR.

i, 4, Goniodes zenaidurae. 2, 5, Laemobothrium intermedium,

3, 6, Physostomum melospizae.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OK NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. XXVIII. DECEMBER, 1917.

No. 10.

CONTENTS:

McGregor — Three new Mallophaga
from North American Birds 433

Skinner — Anthocharis genutia and a
new Variety ( Lep. ) 438

Crosby and Leonard — The Egg of By-

turus utiicolor Say (Col. ) 438

Gibson— The Genus Harmostes Burm.
(Coreidae, Heterop. ) 439

Brues — Three new West Indian Spe-
cies of the Ichneumonid Genus
Eiphosoma ( Hym.) 450

Chidester — Dytiscus as a Destroyer of
Mosquito Larvae (Col., Dipt.). 454

Knight— New Species of Lopidea (Mi-
ridae, Hemip.) 455

Changes of Address 461

Stoner — A new Species of Apateticus

from Louisiana ( Hem., Het ) 462

Hampson — The Determination of Ge-
neric Types in the Lepidoptera. . . . 463
Editorial — The Convocation Week

Meetings 468

Entomology in British Columbia 469

Emergency Entomological Service.... 470

Entomological Literature 471

Review of Tillyard : The Biology of

Dragonflies 475

Laurent — Abundance of Sympetrum

rubicundulum ( Odon. ) 479

Doings of Societies — Amer. Ent. Soc.
(Orthop., Odon., Lep.) 480

Three new Mallophaga from North American Birds.

By E. A. MCGREGOR, Bureau of Entomology, United States
Department of Agriculture.

(Plate XXVIII.)

Goniodes zenaidurae n. sp. (PI. XXVIII, figs. 1, 4.)

Three females (Bishopp No. 5258) from a mourning dove,
Zenaidura macronra (L.), Aberdeen, South Dakota, June 3,
1915, W. E. Dove, Coll.

Type No. 21606, United States National Museum.
This species is nearest G. damicornis N. from which it dif-
fers in the occipital outline, shape of prothorax, character of
lateral abdominal plates, and the arrangement of hairs and
spines.

9. Total length 1.80 mm.; length of head .468 mm.; length of
prothorax .108 mm.: length of metathorax .252 mm.; length of ab-
domen .972 mm.; width of head across temples .666 mm.; width of
prothorax .y-.n mm.: width of metathorax .504 mm.: width of alxlomen
.765 mm.

433

s&

D^

434 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., '17

Head about two-fifths again as broad as long; front regularly
convex, with eight short prickles; antennae in a narrow, shallow
emargination with second joint longest; eye not noticeable, without
a prickle; from the antennal sinuses the temporal margins diverge con-
siderably and then converge most abruptly forming prominent angles
at which are located a short prickle and a long hair; between the
angle and the occiput another long hair, and a prickle at the inner
end of posterior temporal border; the occipital border is strongly
emarginate immediately before the lateral margins of the prothorax
with a resulting strong convexity between these. Head color pale;
with darker, broad marginal frontal bands, produced posteriorly on
each side as a much darker bar, which terminate opposite the hind
borders of antennal sinuses; temporal bands interrupted across the
bases of antennae but extending from the dark ocular blotches, in-
creasingly fainter, to the temporal angles; mandibles and oesophageal
sclerite amber-colored; a rather narrow, brown band along the con-
cave and convex portions of the occipital margin; broad, conspicuous
occipital bands extend nearly to the antennal bands.

Prothorax trapezoidal, with lateral margins converging somewhat
anteriorly, and posterior margin nearly straight; the latero-posterior
angles are narrowly truncate, and each bears a strong hair; broad,
dark lateral borders. Metathorax in outline resembling an acorn
cup. with posterior-lateral regions rounded, and each bearing a long
and a shorter hair; posterior margin produced on abdomen as a prom-
inently rounded lobe, and bearing a group of six strong spines; an
amber-colored yoke-like blotch involves the entire segment, and a
broad curving band extends along each side into the first abdominal
segment. Legs very pale, with somewhat darker marginal borders.

Abdomen elliptical, widest on fourth and fifth segments; middle
region of abdomen uncolored; faint lateral bands and trigger-shaped,
faint lateral blotches on segments three to six, inclusive, which en-
croach slightly onto the segments ahead; segments two to six, in-
clusive, also with a tad-pole-shaped blotch at each lateral posterior
angle; segment one bare of hairs; segments two and three with a
prickle at each angle: segment four with two shortish hairs at angles;
segment five with two spines and a long hair at each angle, and a
strong hair on each side nearly half way to the middle; segment six
with two strong hairs at the angles, and a strong hair on each side
nearly half way to the middle; segment seven with about eight hairs
along the rounded posterior margin.

Laemobothrium intermedium n. sp. (PI. XXVIII, figs, r>, 5.)

A male and two immature specimens (McGregor No. 82,
or No. 271 of the Washburn Minnesota collection) from spar-
row hawk, I'alco spuri'crins, and a single male (Bishopp No.

Vol. XXVlii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 435

3072) from the same host, Uvalde, Texas, March 8, 1914,
coll. D. C. Parman.

Type No. 21607, United States National Museum.

This species is probably referable to Laemobothrium on ac-
count of the presence of the prominent swellings before the
eyes, the absence of motile muscular lobes on the under side
of forehead, and owing to the body length exceeding 5 milli-
meters. On the other hand, the shape of abdomen, outline of
front of head, almost entire absence of ocular emargination,
and the general markings, are much more suggestive of Phy-
sostomum, and our species may well be the link that obliterates
the present separation into the two genera. Perhaps nearest
L. latlcollc N. from Palco subbuteo.

$. Total length 6.03 mm.; length of head 1.140 mm.; length of
prothorax .585 mm.: length of metathorax .517 mm.: width of ab-
domen 3.735 mm.; width of head across temples 1.260 mm.; width of
prothorax 1.057 mm.; width of metathorax 1.35 mm.; width of ab-
domen 1.710 mm.

Head slightly wider than long; ground color pale amber; ocular
emargination almost lacking, head suddenly and greatly contracted
abreast of the mandible bases, sides of forehead converging to the
evenly rounded convex front; temples at first diverging slightly, and
then converging to the sharply rounded occipital corners; occipital
margin deeply concave with a slight median convexity; antennae con-
cealed in fossae; labial palpi barely projecting; mandibles pale with
teeth blackish; antennal fossae rimmed medially and posteriorly with
heavy black borders extending inward and backward to form Y-shaped
blotches; a black, cleft blotch on each side at inner angle of forehead
contraction; occipital border margined with blackish brown bands
which give off short rudiments of occipital bands; in front of
mandibles a crescent-shaped fossa, convex anteriorly; two strong spines
arise at each frontal angle between which occur about 30 hairs and
prickles of various lengths, a score or more of long and short hairs
arise on the lateral prominences, two weak hairs at the front of each
antennal fossa, a long hair arising just over the emarginate eye, several
short hairs along the anterior half of temples, a long and a short
pustulated hair at the temporal angles, a long pustulated hair at the
base of the temporal lobe, and three or four longish hairs along the
temporal margins.

Prothorax roughly quadrangular, a sharp constriction at each an-
terior angle forms a sort of neck-like extension which fits into the
occipital concavity; the posterior halves of the lateral margins con-
verge quickly and end in the posterior-lateral lubes which are

436 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l/

formed by the deep emargination of the posterior border; two long
hairs arise from the angle just behind the frontal constriction; two
black blotches on the front margin, a black fleck bordering the con-
striction inwardly, a large black blotch just behind constriction ex-
tending to center of lateral border and is continued fainter backward
and inward, a narrow, curving, underlying bar extends backward
and inward from a point before the anterior lateral flecks; a pair of
black anterior metathoracic blotches show plainly through the hyaline
posterior-lateral lobes, and from the inner points of these, fainter bars
run inward and backward, finally paralleling the median line: six long
hairs occur along the anterior portions of the lateral margins and
four shorter ones from the posterior lobes: a peculiar H-shaped plate
involves the entire segment through the cross-bar of which a faint
clear stripe intersects. Metathorax and mesothorax, which are indis-
tinguishably fused, are continuous with the abdomen; two short
spines at each anterior angle, twelve long hairs along the margin of
the segment and a central transverse series of six shortish hairs;
margined laterally by a dark brown border which widens greatly pos-
teriorly; a narrow band parallels this just mediad of same; another
narrow band arises inwardly on each side which runs backward .and
inward, and meets transversely on the first abdominal segment; from
the hindmost end of the lateral border horn-like bars are projected
backward onto the first and second abdominal segments. Legs con-
colorous with ground color and thorax, with dark marginal borders.
Abdomen narrowly elliptical, with no marginal constrictions be-
tween segments; each segment with three or four long hairs and
three or four short hairs laterally; segments one to eight, inclusive,
with a transverse row of long spines at the posterior margin as fol-
lows : Segment one, 14; segment two, 14; segment three, 16; seg-
ment four, 16; segment five, 10; segment six, 14; segment seven, q;
segment eight, 6; first and eighth segments the shortest; terminal
segment with a marginal fringe of about 20 hairs; segment one with
a median, triangular, brownish blotch whose apex invades the meta-
thorax; remaining segments (excepting the last) each with a trans-
verse band of same color, which are shallowly emarginate laterally,
thus leaving a clear region inside the brown lateral bands which are
lined within with a parallel, semi-hyaline edge.

Physostomum melospizae n. sp. (PI. XXVIII, figs. 3, 6.)

Two females (McGregor No. 90, or No. 178 of the Wash-
burn Minnesota collection from the song sparrow, Melospiza
melodia, St. Anthony Park, Minnesota. Possibly nearest P.
sucinaceum Kell. from the western flycatcher; not at all like
the Physostomum of the golden-crowned sparrc.w.
Type No. 21608, United Slates National Museum.

Vol. XXviii I ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 437

Total length 2.17 mm.; length of head .53 mm.; length of pro-
thorax .20 mm.; length of metathorax .30 mm.; length of abdomen
1.15 mm.; width of head across temples .45 mm.; width of prothorax
.36 mm.; width of metathorax .47 mm.; width of abdomen .50 mm.

Head a little longer than wide; front evenly rounded; and sides
of forehead somewhat concave; temples converging rotundately, but
produced very slightly backward with sharply rounded posterior
angles; occipital margin nearly a straight line; eye with a conspicu-
ous black fleck; palpi considerably passing the margins of head; the
labral lobes quite conspicuously passing the margin of head; ground
color transparent, with a large, amber-colored, urn-shaped blotch oc-
cupying center of head, at the anterior end of which occurs a straight,
transverse bar of the same color; antennal fossa bordered posteriorly
with a faint blotch which extends toward the occipital angles; a faint,
narrow band surrounds two clear, circular areas abreast of the palpi;
12 prickles occur along the front margin, four prickles arise on each
side even with the antennae; two long hairs and five short ones arise
from each temporal border between the eye fleck and the occiput; a
broad, pale band borders the occipital margin.

Prothorax, roughly hexagonal with rounded angles; the antero-
lateral facets with a weak hair and a longer one; a long hair and a
prickle at the postero-lateral angles; four prickles along the posterior
border; general color of segment faint amber, with a faint, narrow-
band paralleling the margin, and with other faint, linear blotches.
Metathorax with a slight swelling on anterior third of sides, which
bear each two prickles; general color resembling that of prothorax,
with a central pale bordered blotch, and pale marginal bands. Legs
rather long, pale, with faint marginal bands.

Abdomen with sides very flatly convex, subparallel; a long hair on
the posterior angles of segments one to seven, inclusive, and with a
prickle at the angles of segments one to three, inclusive; terminal
segment bluntly rounded, with four longish hairs and a fringe of ten
prickles; lateral bands almost colorless.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII.

Fig. i. Female of Goniodcs zcnaidnrae n. sp.

_7. Male of Laemobothrium intermedium n. sp.

3. Female of FhysoshnKum inelospizac n. sp.

4. Left leg III of female of (,'<>iiia<les zenaidnrac n. sp.

(viewed veiitrally).

5. Right leg ITT of male of Laemobothrium intermedium n. sp.

( viewed vcntrally ).

6. Left leg TTI of female of Physnstonutm mclospizac n. sp.

(viewed ventrally).

All figures drawn by the author \\ith the aid of rairera lucida with
little attempt at restoring symmetry.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l/

Anthocharis genutia and a new Variety (Lep.)«
By HENRY SKINNER.

This pretty species was described by Fabricius in 1793 and
the original description says, "Habitat in India Dom. Drury."
A. G. Butler, in his Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera describ-
ed by Fabricius in the collection of the British Museum, gives
the following: "Illinois, United States." The catalogue was
prepared with the view of identifying the species of Diurnal
Lepidoptera described by Fabricius, by a comparison with the
original type specimens, drawings, etc. The presumption is
that the type locality was Illinois. Until recently I have not
seen any variation in this species from various parts of its
geographical distribution. On March I2th of the present year
Mr. W. J. Coxey caught two pairs at Savannah, Georgia, and
presented them to The Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia. In the males the orange tip is extended to the black-
spot in the primary wing and extends a little above it into
discal cell. The upper side of the secondaries is washed
with orange, from the border, for about one-eighth inch into
the wing. The tips of the females are lightly washed with
orange. It will be interesting to learn whether all the speci-
mens found in the locality mentioned have the same markings.
I propose the name flavida for the variety.

The Egg of Byturus unicolor Say. (Col.).

On June 7, 1917. Mr. A. B. Buchholz reported a serious outbreak of
this beetle at Milton, New York. On July 3d we visited this place
and found the beetles still present in considerable numbers. Some

of the unripe berries were already
infested with the larvae and one
larva was observed just entering the
fruit. On careful examination of

Egg of By^Tinucolor Say. the berries both C-"8S aml egg-shells

were found.

The egg is deposited on the unripe fruit and is attached by one side
to one of the pistils. Only one egg was found on a berry. The
egg is i.i mm. in length by .4 mm. in width, elongate ovoid, dull
yellowish in color with the surface very finely rou.ubened. — C. R.
CROSBY and M. L). LEONARD, Ithaca, New York.

Vol. XXviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 439

The Genus Harmostes Burm. (Coreidae, Heterop.).
By EDMUND H. GIBSON, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.

The genus Harmostes Burm. appears to be limited in its
distribution to the New World, its species being recorded only
from North, Central and South America, West Indies and the
Galapagos Islands. Central America is probably its region of
origin as the greatest number of species is to be found there
and those occurring to the extreme north and south exhibit the
greatest differences in structure. The genus now contains 16
species, 8 of which are represented in North America north
of Mexico.

Hannostfs is the largest and principal genus of the tribe
Harmostini Stal and in general its diagnostic characters are
those of Harmostini. Aufeius Stal and Xcnogenus Berg, the
other genera of the same tribe, may be separated from Har-
niostcs as follows : Aufeius has the abdomen swollen or ex-
tended laterally beyond the hemelytra, and Xenogemts has a
more elongated body and ocelli elevated. The key character
for separating Harmostini from the remaining tribes of the
subfamily Corizinae is the posterior femora spined beneath.

In establishing a key to the species, the use of color and
color markings as diagnostic characters have been eliminated
and structural differences relied upon entirely ; these include
principally the characters of the head and its parts, pronotal
margins and angles, and size. The color within a species is
quite variable, as is also the size, but the latter under certain
limitations may be used.

The haplotype of the genus is H. dorsolis Burm., 1835, but
\\hich I now deem best to place in synonymy with scrratus
Fabr., 1794. The original description of dorsulis Burm.
(Supra brunneus fusco-striatus, subtus flavus, pronoti margine
lateral! lineaque media scutelli flavis ; pectore linea lateral!
fusca. Long. 3-3^2"' ) is so meagre in detail that it is not
possible to distinguish it from several other species. I there-
fore place it in synonymy with the oldest described species
which falls within the genus and which has the same distribu-
tion as that stated for dorsalis. The coloration of scrratus

44O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l/

Fabr. also fits that given for dorsalis Burm. The specimens
which I have seen labeled "dorsalis" were determined as such
by the late Mr. Otto Heidemann, but I am unable to distin-
guish them from sermtus. W. L. Distant* states, "I have
with Stal been unable to identify this species (dorsalis) ; it
probably represents one of the preceding Mexican species; but
the description is too slight for any accurate decision."

This paper is based upon specimens in the United States
National Museum which had been previously determined by
Messrs. P. R. Uhler, Otto Heidemann and R. M. Reuter, also
upon considerable previously undetermined material, and in-
cludes one new species the type of which is in the collection
of the U. S. National Museum. I am indebted to Mr. J. R.
de la Torre Bueno for the privilege of examining a small col-
lection of specimens in this genus, representing six species.

Genus HARMOSTES Burm.

Harmostcs Burm., Handbuch der Ent., 1835.

The following is a translation by the author of the original
description by Burmeister:

Resembles Corizus Fall., Hahn, but differing from it in hav-
ing hind femora with pronounced spines. Antennae two-thirds
as long as body, the first joint short, stout, and the two fol-
lowing delicate and of equal length, the fourth shorter than the
preceding one and swollen at the apex. Ocelli near eyes.
Thorax with raised curved margins, also always sloping. Front
legs normal, the hind legs longer, with femora very thick, under
side spiny.

A redescription of the genus is not at all necessary. Dallas
gives as generic characters, besides those contained in the above
description : breast furrowed longitudinally for the reception
of the rostrum and rostrum reaching or passing the inter-
mediate coxae, with its third joint as long as or longer than
the fourth.

Key to the Species of Harmostcs.

I. Lateral margins of pronotum crenulated 2.

Lateral margins of pronotum not crenulated 8.

* Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hem. I hi. 1'art i, p. 168.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 441

2. Rostrum extending beyond metasternum 3.

Rostrum not extending beyond metasternum 7.

3. Species large, 9-10 mm. long 4.

Species smaller, not exceeding 8 mm. long 5.

4. First antennal joint considerably passing apex of head, and fourth

joint about twice as long as the first nebulosus Stal.

First antennal joint about reaching apex of head, and fourth joint
but little longer than the first formosus Dist.

5. Second and third antennal joints equal af finis Dall.

Second antennal joint shorter than the third 6.

6. Posterior angles of pronotum broadly rounding. .. .procerus Berg.
Posterior angles of pronotum angular prolixus Stal.

7. Species small, not exceeding 5 mm. long apicatus Stal.

Species larger, exceeding 5 mm. long serratus Fabr.

8. Basal joint of antennae scarcely or slightly passing apex of

head fraterculus Say.

Basal joint of antennae extending considerably beyond apex of
head 9.

9. Lateral angles of pronotum broadly rounded 10.

Lateral angles of pronotum not broadly rounded, angular n.

10. Second antennal joint shorter than third siibrufus Dist.

Second and third antennal joints equal croceus n. sp.

11. Species small, less than 7 mm. long inanm/ratiis Spin.

Species larger, 7 mm. or more long 12.

12. Species 9 mm. long raphiinerus Spin.

Species less than 9 mm. long 13.

13. Lateral margins of corium appearing very wide and distinctly

luteous bicolor Dist.

Lateral margins of corium normal 14.

14. Bucculae prominent, long, not disappearing before line of the

eyes rcflexulus Say.

Bucculae short, disappearing before line of eyes minor Spin.

Harmostes nebulosus Stal

Harmostcs nebulosus Stal, Hem. Mexicana, p. 307, Ent. Zeit, Nos. 7-9,

1862.

Head nearly twice as long as width between eyes. First joint of
antennae passing apex of head and about one-half as long as fourth
joint, second shorter than third, fourth not as swollen as the first.
Rostrum extending beyond metasternum with darkened apex. Buccu-
lae very prominent and rounding anteriorly and posteriorly. Lateral
margins of pronotum crenulated. Pronotum coarsely and evenly punc-
tate, median line distinct but not greatly raised. Membrane spotted
with fuscous. Hind femora greatly incrassated, spiiu-d heiu'ath with

442 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'if

four large prominent spines between which are three smaller ones.
Size large, 9-10 mm. long. General color above light to dark brown,
varying considerably within the species. Paler beneath. Lateral
margins of corium spotted with fuscous.

Occurs in Mexico, Guatemala and Salvador.

Harmostes formosus Dist.

Harmostes formosus Dist., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hem. Het., Vol. i, p.

167, 1893.

"Head ochraceous. Antennae with the basal joint incrassate, dark
ochraceous, and about reaching apex of head; second and third joints
subequal in length, testaceous; apex of second joint fuscous; fourth
joint short, a little longer than the first, thickened with fuscous.
Pronotum ochraceous, finely punctate and obscurely wrinkled, sub-
granulose near anterior margin, with the lateral angles rounded and
strongly reflexed ; angular margins fuscous, lateral margins luteous
and crenulated, anterior angles prominent; a central pale longitudinal
line which is raised and levigate near anterior margin; posterior mar-
gin narrowly pale luteous. Scutellum ochraceous, with a central
longitudinal line and apical margin pale luteous. Corium luteous,
sparingly and finely punctate (clavus thickly so), with a large, elon-
gated, fuscous spot on disk, a row of small fuscous spots on costal
margin, and a larger spot of the same color near apical angle. Mem-
brane pale hyaline, with obscure fuscous spots. Under side of body
pale luteous, lateral margin of head and sternum strongly punctate; ab-
domen with a few scattered black punctures on anterior margin of
disk, and stigmata black; femora luteous, with their apices, tibiae, tarsi,
and rostrum testaceous. Rostrum just passing posterior coxae, with
the apex pithy. Posterior femora with their apical halves strongly
spined, four spines being longest, strongest, and luteous in color.
Long. 9 mm., lat. pronot. ang. 3 mm."

The above is copied from the original description by Distant.
This species has been recorded only from Mexico.

Harmostes affinis Ball.

Harmoslcs affinis Dallas, Cat. Hem. Brit. Mus., p. 522, 1852.

Head small and strongly convex in both directions. First joint of
antennae passing apex of head, second and third joints about equal in
length, fourth longer than the first but not greatly swollen. Rostrum
extending beyond metasternum. Lateral margins of pronotum crenu-
late, and with a deep but gradual curve; posterior portion of thorax
prominently raised and evenly punctate. Hind femora incrassated
and spined beneath. Size, rather small, about one quarter of an inch
long.

Vol. XXV'iii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 443

General color light brown but quite variable. Scutellum and apex
of corium dark. Thorax and corium spotted with small red dots.
Membrane spotted with fuscous. Beneath pale, with prominent red
spots well scattered ; abdomen more or less mottled with fuscous.

Its range includes Southern United States, Mexico, Colom-
bia and Paraguay.

Harmostes prolixus Stal.

Harmostes proli.vus Stal, Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Traktens. Hem.

Fauna, p. 37, 1858.

Head broad, first joint of antennae passing apex of head, second
shorter than third, fourth one-half longer than first joint. Rostrum
extending beyond metasternum. Bucculae short, ending before line
of the eyes. Eyes prominent. Lateral margins of pronotum crenu-
lated to posterior angles. Median dorsal line almost disappearing in
center of thorax. Thorax, scutellum, and corium finely and evenly
punctate. Hemelytra widest at the middle. Membrane hyaline with
faint fuscous spots. Hind legs with femora greatly incrassated and
with three large prominent spines beneath, between which are from
two to four smaller ones. Size about 7 mm. long. General color above
dark brown but may vary to lighter shades. Beneath lemon yellow
mottled with fuscous laterally. Posterior two-thirds of hind femora
dark brown to black.

This species is reported from Rio Janeiro. I have also seen
specimens from Mexico, Porto Rico and Paraguay.

Harmostes procerus Berg.

Harmostes procerus Berg, Hem. Argentina 1879, P- 91-

No specimens of this species have been examined, but by the
original description it can readily be placed in the key to spe-
cies and should be easily recognizable. A synopsis of the orig-
inal description is here given:

Head moderately long, second joint of antennae shorter than the
third, beak extending beyond the metasternum. Lateral margins of
pronotum strongly crennlate, posterior angle broadly rounded. Mem-
brane subhyaline with an obsolete median fuscous line. General color
yellowish, corium tinged more or less with green. Size 5-6*/2 mm.
long.

The most pronounced character by which the species may be
separated from H. proli.nts is the broadly rounding posterior
angles of the pronotum.

Berg records its occurrence at Buenos Ay res and in Pata-

gonia.

444 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l/

Harmostes apicatus Stal.

Harmostcs apicatus Stal, Freg. Eug. Resa. Ins. p. 238, 1859.

Head broad, first antennal joint considerably passing apex of head,
second and third joints about equal in length, fourth slightly longer
than first. Beak not extending beyond metathorax. Bucculae disap-
pearing at line of the eyes. Lateral margins of pronotum prominently
raised and crenulated. Thorax and corium coarsely punctate. Hind
femora greatly incrassated and spined beneath. Size 5 mm. long.
Color light brown to russet above, somewhat paler beneath. Mem-
brane hyaline with faint fuscous spots.

Its distribution includes Chile, Paraguay, Brazil and Argen-
tina.

Harmostes serratus Fabr.

Acanthia serratus Fabr. Ent. System., iv., p. 75, 1794.

Harmostes pcrpunctatus Dall. 1852, List Spec. Hem. Ins. Brit. Mus.

Part 2.

Coreus grazndator Fabr. Ent. System., iv., p. 133, 1794.
Harmostes dorsalis Burm. Handbuch der Ent. 1835.

Head long with long lateral spinous processes between eyes and
antennae. First joint of antennae stout, but slightly passing apex of
head, second joint shorter than third, fourth about equal to first in
length. Beak not extending beyond metasternum. Bucculae not prom-
inent, disappearing at line of eyes. Lateral margins of thorax crenu-
lated, posterior margin wide. Pronotum, scutellum and corium coarse-
ly punctate. Hind femora incrassated slightly before the middle mak-
ing anterior portion of femora appear long. Size 7-8 mm. long.

General color above dark brown, paler beneath. Membrane hyaline
with fuscous spots. Costal margin of corium pale.

The range of this species includes Brazil, Argentina, Para-
guay, Galapagos Islands, West Indies, Central America and
practically the entire United States.

Harmostes fraterculus Say.

Syromastes fraterculus Say, Desc. New Spec. Het. Hem. of N. A. New

Harmony, Ind., 1831, p. 324.
Harmostes fraterculus Stal, Enum. Hem. i, 221, 1870.

Head rather short, first antennal joint scarcely or slightly passing
apex of head, second and third joints about equal in length, fourth
joint only slightly longer than first and strongly pubescent. Buccu-
lae small, ending before the line of eyes. Beak extending beyond meta-
sternum. Lateral margins of pronotum not crenulated. Median line of
pronotum distinct, becoming very prominent on scutellum. Thorax

Vol. XX\iii| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 445

and corium coarsely punctate. Hind femora incrassated with rather
short spines beneath. Size less than one-fourth of an inch. Color
above a russet brown tinged more or less with rufous. Paler beneath.
Membrane marked with a longitudinal obsolete brown line and small
fuscous cpots.

It is well distributed over the United States and south
through Central America.

Harmostes subrufus Dist.

Harmostcs subrufus 'Dist., Eiol. Cent.-Amer. Hem. Het. Vol. i, p.

167, 1893.

"Head, pronotum, and scutellum luteous, sparingly but coarsely
punctate. Antennae ochraceous; basal joint incrassated and consider-
ably passing the apex of head; second joint a little shorter than the
third, fourth a little darker in color, thickened and about equal in
length to the first. Pronotum with lateral angles rounded, sub-
prominent, and slightly reflexed, a central longitudinal line and
posterior margin narrowly pale luteous; two obscure fuscous fasciae
near lateral margins. Scutellum with the lateral and apical margins
and a central longitudinal line pale luteous. Corium testaceous, ner-
vures and costal margins luteous. Membrane pale and hyaline. Under-
side of body and legs luteous; lateral margins of head and sternum
strongly punctate. Long. 8 mm."

The above is a copy of the original description by Distant.

The species is known to occur in Mexico, Guatemala and
southwestern United States. Four specimens in the collection
of Mr. Bueno are the only ones of this species which I have
examined, one of which is now deposited in the collection of
the U. S. National Museum.

Harmostes croceus n. sp.

Resembles subrufus, hut can be readily separated from it bv
the following characters: Second and third antennal joints
equal, and lack of definite color markings or dark striations,
its head, thorax, scutellum and corium being ochraceous and
practically concolorous.

Basal joint of antennae extending beyond apex of head, second and
third joints equal in length, fourth slightly longer than first and darker
in color. Bucculae rather prominent, disappearing at line of eyes.
Pronotum with lateral angles well rounded, slightly reflexed; lateral
margins not crenulated. Veins of corium prominent. Posterior tibiae
spinous. Rostrum not extending beyond metasternum. Breast fur-

446 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l/

rowed longitudinally for reception of rostrum. Antennae, head,
thorax, scutellum and corium ochraceous, practically concolorous.
Apex of corium slightly tinged with dark brown. Membrane hyaline.
Ventral side of body light orange to yellow, concolorous. Length 7-9 mm.
Sternum coarsely punctate.

Described from seven specimens from southern California.
Have seen a single specimen from Oregon and one from Brew-
sler County, Texas. Type and paratypes in collection of U. S.
National Museum.

Harmostes marmoratus Snin.

Mcrocoris marmoratus Spin., Hist, de CrTile, Gay, Vol. 7, p. 166,

1851.
Harmostes corazonns Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 85, 1893.

Head short, apex acute. First joint of antennae considerably pass-
ing apex of head, second and third joints short and about equal in
length, fourth only slightly shorter than the third. Eyes prominent.
Bucculae small. Beak not extending beyond metasternum. Lateral
margins of thorax wide, entire, not crenulated. Posterior angles of
thorax somewhat angular, not prominently rounded. Thorax coarsely
punctate. Costal margins of corium practically parallel. Width be-
tween tips of corium greater than basal width of scutellum. Hind
femora incrassated but not as pronounced as in other species. Size
5-6 mm. long.

General color above dark brown, corium except for the inner borders
paler, beneath yellow, finely flaked with rufous. Membrane hyaline
spotted with fuscous. Fourth antennal joint dark.

This species occurs in Chile.

Harmostes ranhimerus Spin.

Merocoris raphimerus Snin., Hist, de Chile. Gay, Vol. 7, 1851.

Harmostes montivagus Dist., Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 85, 1893.

Head long, first antennal joint stout but considerably passing the
apex of head, second shorter than the third and inflated at the base,
fourth joint one-half the length of the third. Bucculae small. Beak
extending to posterior margin of metasternum. Lateral margins of
thorax entire, wide, and flaring. Posterior angles of thorax somewhat
angular. Hemelytra widest at the middle. Hind femora not greatly
incrassated, spines subprominent. Size 8-9 mm. long.

General color above yellowish brown, corium tinged with rufous
posteriorly. Antennae ochraceous. Membrane hyaline, with faint fus-
cous spots.

This species occurs in Chile.

Vol. XXviii | KXTOMOLOGICAL XK\VS. 447

Harmostes bicolor Dist

Harmostes bicolor Dist., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hem. Het., Vol. i, 1893.
"Head testaceous, obscurely punctate. Antennae with the basal joint
considerably passing the apex of the head, and much shorter than
the second joint. Pronotum testaceous, coarsely punctate; lateral
margins, a central longitudinal line, and posterior margin (narrowly)
pale luteous; lateral angles subprominent. Scutellum testaceous, with
the lateral and apical margins pale luteous. Corium pale luteous;
clavus. inner apical angles, and a series of small spots on costal margin
testaceous. (Tn the type specimen described, the left coritim has a
large testaceous basal patch on lateral margin, which is followed by a
subquadrate spot of the same color.) Membrane pale hyaline. Under
side of body pale greenish, with a few scattered black punctures; legs
ochraceous. Long. 7 mm."

The above is a copy of the original description by Distant.
Its range in the United States includes southern California.
New Mexico, Colorado and Texas. It also occurs in Mexico.

Harmostes reflexuJus Say.

Syromastcs rcflc.vulus Say, Desc. New Sp. Het. Hem. of N. A., New

Harmony, Ind., p. 323. 1831.

Harmostes costalis H. S., Wanz. Ins., ix, p. 270, 1853.
Harmostes britcsi Bergr.. Ent. News, Vol. 24, p. 267, 1913.
Harmostes rircsccns Ball.. List Hem. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part 2, 1852.

The following is a copy of the original description by Say
and is in such detail that a redescription is not necessary :

"Reddish-brown; head carinate before. Inhabits Pennsylvania.
Body reddish-brown, with rather large confluent punctures; head not
extending more than half the length of the basal joint of the antennae,
obviously carinate between the antennae, tubercles each side of the
antennae acute: antennae, first joint robust, rough, much narrowed,
second joint shorter than the third: terminal joint half as long as the
third: thorax lateral margin a little reflected, the edge concavely
arcuated : posterior angles rounded : anterior angles prominent, acute :
scutel narrowed before the tip: hemelytra, corium yellowish, rufous
near the scutel; nervures very distinct; lateral edge a little reflected:
membrane hyaline: beneath greenish-yellow; feet pale rufous; posterior
thighs dilated ; spinous beneath. Length one-fourth of an inch. The
rostrum hardly reaches the posterior coxae. The last joint of the
antennae is elongate-oval and much shorter than the preceding joint,
as defined by Latreille in this genus."

This species is distributed over the entire United States.

448 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., '17

Harmostes minor Spin.

Mcrocoris minor Spin., Hist, de Chile, Gay, Vol. 7, p. 165, 1851.

Harmostes chilensis Ball., List. Hem. Ins. Brit. Mus. Part 2, 1852.

Head short, apex acute, first antennal joint considerably passing
apex of head, second and third joints about equal in length, fourth
about two-thirds the length of the third. Bucculae short, disappearing
before line of the eyes. Beak extending beyond metasternum. Thorax
coarsely punctured, lateral margins entire, wide, and somewhat flaring,
posterior angles distinctly angular. Hind femora incrassated and with
strong spines beneath. Size about 7 mm. long.

General color above greenish yellow to yellowish brown. Thorax
tinged with rufous, scutellum distinctly yellow. Posterior border of
thorax dark. Inner margins of corium distinctly rufous. Membrane
hyaline. Yellow beneath.

Distribution includes southwestern United States, Chile and
Argentina.

Harmostes obliquus Say.

Syromastes obliquus Say, Desc. New Sp. Het. Hem. of N. A., New

Harmony, Ind., December, 1831.

There is considerable doubt as to this species. If it rightly
belongs in Harmostes it could be distinguished from all other
species by its remarkably small size, less than three-twentieths
of an inch long. I have seen no specimen labeled "obliquus"
and the original description is too meagre in structural details
for me to attempt to place the species where it rightly belongs.
I therefore simply append this species to the list of those be-
longing to this genus until the matter can be cleared up. Mr.
VanDuzee, in his recent check list, inserts a question mark be-
fore the species. The following is a copy of the original de-
scription by Say :

"S. obliquus — all above punctured : rostrum and head rather short
Inhabits the U. S.

"Body pale yellowish-rufous; head obviously punctured, not extending
to the tip of the first joint of the antennae; antennae, first joint robust;
second hardly two-thirds as long as the third; thorax with rather
large punctures: no obvious transverse impressed line; hemelytra, on
the corium with large separate punctures; posterior edge very oblique
and elongated; membrane immaculate, undulated by the nervures;
beneath more obviously tinged with rufous; feet paler; rostrum hardly
reaching the intermediate coxae. Length less than three-twentieths of
an inch. It may be distinguished by the remarkable obliquity of the
terminal line of the corium."

Vol. XXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 449

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

BANKS, NATHAN. 1910. Cat. Nearctic Hem.-Het.
BARBER, H. G. 1906. Hem. Sw. Texas, Mus. Brkyn. Inst. Arts & Sci.,

Bull. Vol. i, No. 9.

1910. Alex. Hem. Het., Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. 18, p. 37.
1914. Hem. Fla., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol. 33, p. 518.
BERG, CAROLUS. 1879. Hem. Argentina.

BLANCH ARD, M. EMILE. Hist. Nat. des Insectes, Paris, p. 117.
BUENO, J. R. DE LA TORRE. 1905. Het. from N. Y. Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc.

1907. Het. Hem. of N. C. Ent. News Dec.

1908. Notes on Het. Can. Ent. May, p. 166.
1908. Hem. Het. Westchester Co. N. Y. Dec.
1910. Insects of N. J. Rept. N. J. State Mus.

1912. Three days in Pines of Yaphank. Can. Ent. July.

1913. New & Little Known Het. Western U. S., Ent. News., Vol.
J4, Jan.

1913. Het. Hem. So. Pines, N. C., Can. Ent. Feb.
RURMEISTER, HERMANN. 1839. Handhuch der Entomologie, p. 307.
DALLAS, W. S. 1852. Hem. British Mus. Part 2.
DISTANT, W. L. 1893. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hem. Het. Vol. i.

1893. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 35.
FABRICIUS, JOH. CHRIST. 1794. Entomologia Systematica Vol. 4, p. 75,

par. 32.
GILLETTE, C. P. & BAKER, C. F. 1895. Hem. of Colo., Col. Agri. Exper.

Station Bull. No. 31, Tech. Series i.

HEIDEMANN, OTTO. 1901. Papers Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Exped.
Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci.., Vol. Ill, pp. 363-370, August 23, 1901.
HERRICH-SCHAEFFER. 1853. Wanzenartige Insekten Vol. 9.
LETHIERRY, L. ET SEVERIN, G. 1894. Cat. des Hem. Het. Vol. 2.
OSBORN, HERBERT. 1898. Cont. No. 3, Dept. Zool. & Ent., Iowa State

College, p. 10.
SAY, THOMAS. 1831. Desc. New Species Het. Hem. of N. A., New

Harmony, Ind.

SMITH, J. B. Cat. Insects of N. J., N. J. State Board Agriculture.
SPINOLA, MASSIMILIANO. 1851. Historia de Chile, Gay, Vol. 7, p. 164.
STAL, CAROLUS. 1858. Bid. till Rio Janeiro-traktons Hem. Fauna;

Kong. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar.
1859. Konglica Svenska Fretgatten Eugenics Resa Omkring Jordan.
1862. Entomologische Zeitung herausgegeben von dem En-
tomologischen Vereine zu Stettin No. 7-9, September-Juli. p.
307.
UHLER, P. R. 1873. Hem. West Miss. R., U. S. Geol. & Geogr. Sur.,

P- 34-
1877. Bull. i;. S. Geol. & Geogr. Sur., Vol. 3, p. 407.

45O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec.,'l7

1886. Ck. List Hem. Met. N. A.

1904. Hem. Het. N. M., Schwarz & Barber, Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol.

27, P- 352.

VANDUZEE, E. P. 1916. Ck. List Hem. N. A., N. Y. Ent. Soc.
WALKER, FRANCIS. 1872. Cat. Spec. Hem. Het. British Mus., Part 5, p.
13-

Three new West Indian Species of the Ichneumonid
Genus Eiphosoma (Hym.)«

By CHARLES T. BRUES, Bussey Institution, Harvard

University.

The peculiar genus Eiphosoma is widely distributed in the
American tropics, whence twelve species have already been de-
scribed1. In addition to these I obtained two others in Jamaica
some years ago. and Dr. W. M. Mann discovered one
in the neighboring island of Hayti. These are described on
the following pages. The types are in the author's collection.

Eiphosoma luteum sp. nov. (Fig. 1).

$ . Length 12 mm. Almost entirely luteous, paler on the head
and lower portions of the thorax; antennae black, the scape and pedi-
cel light brown below, darker above; basal joints of flagellum faintly
tipped with pale yellow; ocellar area, connected with a large trans-
verse marking on the occiput, black; teeth of mandibles black; middle
lobe of mesonotum with a black spot in front, shading into a brown
stripe behind: lateral lobes each with a brownish stripe; second and
third abdominal segments black on upper edge except at tip; follow-
ing segments similarly marked with piceous; tip of abdomen fuscous,
external genitalia black; hind trochanters and femora at base and
tip marked with fuscous; hind tibiae dark above and their tarsi en-
tirely dark fuscous. Wings hyaline, with a weak, but distinct infus-
cated area at tip.

Head broad and thin; ocelli large, the lateral ones removed by
less than their diameter from the eye, twice as far from one another
as from the eye. Antennae reaching to middle of the second abdom-
inal segment, about 37-jointed. Face shining, sparsely punctate, al-
most smooth medially; clypeus strongly protuberant medially: malar
space two-thirds as long as width of mandible at base.

Mesonotum sparsely punctate medially, shining, on the lateral lobes
almost without punctures. Scutellum smooth and shining. Propodeum

1 See Cockerell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 46, pp. 61-64 (iQi3)-

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 451

subshining, microscopically rugose punctate, with a distinct but not
very deep median longitudinal depression; with a complete lateral
carina just below the spiracle and a transverse one before apex;
basally with a less distinct carina on each side, enclosing a large area
on each side of the median depression; spiracle elongate-oval; tip
of propodeum extending to the basal fourth of the hind coxa. Pleurae
shining; mesopleura sparsely, coarsely, punctate anteriorly and below,
its oblique impression transversely striated except below; metapleura
impunctate.

Abdominal petiole very little enlarged at tip and without punc-
tures; its spiracles at the posterior third very prominent: following
segments clothed with stiff black hairs; claspers rounded at apex.
Tooth on hind femur acute, but not long. Wings without areolet;
median and submedian cells of nearly equal length.

Type collected by the writer near Kingston, Jamaica, British
\Vest Indies. It was obtained in sweepings from the vegeta-
tion near the sea-coast in an extremely arid area at the mouth
of the Hope River.

This species is easily recognized by its very pale color, punc-
tation of thorax, and prominent petiolar spiracles. It is quite
similar to the following species :

Eiphosoma jamaicense sp. nov. (Fig. 2).

$. Length 17 mm. Head, thorax and four anterior legs light
yellow; abdomen and hind legs mostly fulvous. Body marked with
black as follows : teeth of mandibles, wide stripe on front above
antenna; enlarging to include the ocelli and widening to include most
of the upper half of the posterior surface of the head, antennre ex-
cept scape and pedicel below and faint ring at tip of first two or
three flagellar joints, a broad stripe narrowed behind on each meso-
thoracic lobe, groove at base of scutellum, anterior margin of propo-
deum and a longitudinal band on its dorsal surface extending from
near the base to well beyond the middle, spot on posterior coxa above,
upper edge of posterior trochanter, their tibia? except for their spurs
and a broad band at the middle, and their tarsi, spot at apex of ab-
dominal petiole above, line on upper edge of second segment except
at apex and claspers. Posterior femora fulvous, with an incomplete
dark band near base, a narrower one before apex and pale yellow tip.
Wings hyaline, not distinctly infuscated at tip.

Ocelli in a low triangle, the posterior ones separated by about twice
4their own diameter, and removed by one and one-half times their
diameter from the eye; face and sides of front coarsely punctate,
the punctures more sparse near the middle of the face and on the

452

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Dec., '17

clypeus; antennae 43 -jointed; sides of face slightly convergent below;
malar space slightly shorter than width of mandible at base.

Mesonotum coarsely and sparsely punctate, the punctures few and
far apart on the lateral lobes; scutellum smooth. Propodeum coarsely,
but indistinctly rugose-reticulate, with a transverse basal carina that
touches the basal margin medially and curves backward just outside
the spiracle to join a lateral carina that is continuous with a trans-
verse subapical one; median depression well marked, almost entirely
smooth; tip of propodeum extending to the basal fourth of the coxa.
Pleurae polished, mesopleura in front and below with irregular sparse
punctures; oblique impression smooth.

Petiole of abdomen slightly and gradually enlarged at tip; its spiracles

Fig. i. — Eiphosoma luteum sp. nov. Fore wing of type.
Fig. 2. — Eiphosoma jamaicense sp. nov. Fore wing of type.
Fig. 3. — Eiphosoma haitiense sp. nov. Fore wing of type.

Vol. XXVlii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 453

at the posterior third, not prominent; third and following segments
with moderately prominent hairs; claspers with parallel sides, evenly
rounded at tips. Tooth on hind coxse small, but very acute. Wings
with a large areolet; submedian cell slightly longer than the median.

Type from near Kingston, Jamaica, British West Indies.

This species resembles E. montagucnse Ckll. from Guate-
mala, but differs in the form of the claspers. It agrees quite
well in color with Cresson's description of E. vitticollc (Proc.
Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, 1865, p. 53), but Cresson refers to the
areolet as minute in vitticolle, while it is larger than usual in
the present form.

Eiphosoma haitiense sp. nov. (Fig. 3).

$ . Length (extended) n mm. Head, thorax and anterior legs
lemon-yellow, marked with black; abdomen and hind legs fulvous,
varied with black. Antennae 42-jointed, black except underside of
scape and pedicel. Black body markings as follows : stripe above an-
tennae, half as wide as the front, including anterior ocellus; trans-
verse spot enclosing posterior ocelli, narrowly separated from the
frontal stripe; two almost contiguous spots on vertex, well separated
from the ocellar spot; three stripes on mesonotum, the lateral ones
narrowed behind; anterior margin of propodeum, suddenly enlarged
laterally and almost contiguous with a lateral stripe extending back
from the spiracle; median depression of propodeum: swollen part of
petiole, a long stripe on mesopleura enlarged above, upper margin of
second segment except tip, upper margin of third on anterior half and
sheaths of ovipositor. Base and apex of hind femora above and hind
tibiae except for lighter middle part, fuscous; hind tarsi piceous. Wings
strongly infuscated at apex.

Eyes barely convergent below; sides of front rather closely punc-
tate; face sparsely so, especially toward the middle; malar space
slightly shorter than the width of mandibles at base. Ocelli in a low
triangle, the lateral ones much closer to one another than to the eye-
margin from which they are removed by a little less than their own
diameter.

Median lobe of mesonotum closely punctate anteriorly, lateral lobes
shining, impunctate except for a very few punctures near the middle.
Propodeum highly polished, the median depression broad but only
moderately deep; anterior transverse carina at the basal third, angularly
bent forward near the middle and extending to the front margin to
form the sides of a small area that is closed behind by a short trans-
verse carina; posterior transverse carina complete, sinuous; lateral
carina below the spiracle complete; pro- and mesopleune highly polish-
ed, the latter with a few widely scattered punctures below. Apex of
propodeum extending to the basal fourth of the hind coxa.

>T -

454 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 'l

Petiole of abdomen rather strongly, but very gradually widened at
apex, its spiracles at the posterior third not at all prominent. Ovipositor
as long as the three basal segments of the abdomen taken together.
Hairs on abdominal segments sparse and weak. Tooth on hind femora
well developed, acute; spurs of hind femora subequal, barely over one-
third the length of the metatarsus. Wings with a rather large oblique
areolet; median and submedian cells of equal length.

Type from Cape Haitien, Haiti ; collected by Dr. W. M.
Mann.

This is similar to E. aztecum to which it will run in Cock-
erell's table2 and in my own:, but differs from the Mexican
species by its much smaller size and in the color of the legs.

Dytiscus as a Destroyer of Mosquito Larvae (Col., Dipt.).

Larvae of dytiscids or diving beetles, the water tigers, have long been
considered important enemies of the mosquito. Dr. J. B. Smith and
others have performed laboratory experiments in which they showed
that a single water tiger placed in a jar containing many mosquito
larvae will kill or devour large numbers of them. Smith mentions (Re-
port New Jersey State Agr. Exp. Station, 1904) a single experiment in
which a water tiger killed or devoured 434 mosquitoe larvae in two
days. He considers the water tigers as extremely important agents in
the control of the salt marsh and fresh water mosquitoes.

The writer has observed in the field that many larvae are found in
pools also occupied by the dytiscids. A few laboratory experiments
showed that a single water tiger placed in a small jar containing many
mosquito larvae did kill or devour tremendous numbers.

Three experiments were then performed in the .laboratory using a
few larvae only. Aquarium jars II inches in diameter and 7 inches in
height were filled to about two-thirds their capacity with water. In
each of them five water tigers were placed and were allowed to accus-
tom themselves to their environment for a period of about an hour.
Then to each of the iars were added 20 mosquito larvae of the second
molt of the species Culex pipiens. At the end of 8 days jar No. i (-till
contained 12 active mosquito larvae, jar No. 2 contained 9 living indi-
viduals and in jar No. 3 but 2 larvae remained. All the water tigers
survived the experiment. Later experiments performed with single
water tigers and the same number of mosquito larvae gave approxi-
mately the same results.

It would seem that the dytiscids may be of great importance in kill-
ing larvae when present in tremendous numbers, but that where the
larvae are distributed pretty widely, there is little liability of their
complete extermination by such an enemy. — F. E. CHIDESTER, Rutgers
College, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

2Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. 46, p. 62. (1913).
?Tsyche, vol. 18, p. 21 (1911).

Vol. XXviil I ENTOMOLOGICAL i\'K\YS. 455

New Species of Lopidea (Miridae, Hemip.)*
By HARRY H. KNIGHT, Ithaca, New York.

The writer here takes occasion to name and distinguish
certain species of Lopidea, which are found in the eastern
United States. In his studies on the structure of the male
genitalia the writer has found characters which will give some
structural basis for distinguishing the genus Lopidea. The
broad and more or less flattened left genital clasper with bifur-
cated tip (figs. 1-3, 5), appears to be characteristic of all the
species including media Say, the type of the genus. On the
other hand, the structure of the right clasper gives a wide
range of variation and thus good specific characters are ob-
tained.

The genus Lomatoplciira Renter has supposedly been sep-
arated on the basis of the incrassate form of the second an-
tennal segment. On that basis the writer has found it difficult
to place one or two species in either Lopidea or L omato pleura-
where the antennae are only slightly incrassate. The antennal
character is further rendered more doubtful by the fact that
each species in both genera has antennae of slightly different
thickness. The thickness of the antennae has been found use-
ful to separate the females of species which are otherwise
very similar in coloration and structure. Thus far the writer
has noted no difference in the thickness of the antennae be-
tween the sexes of a given species.

The species ca£sar, type of the genus Lomatoplciira Renter,
has the same type of left genital clasper (figs. 1-3. 5) as that
found in Lopidea media and other species of the genus as
robiniae, confhtens and cnneata. If instabilis were only the
type of the genus Lomatopleura it might well stand on the
basis of genital characters but unfortunately this is not the
case. At present the writer prefers to consider all the species
that have been placed under both genera as belonging to the
genus Lopidea Uhler (1872).

*Contribution from the Department of Entomology of Cornell Uni-
versity.

456

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Dec., '17

The figures of the male genital claspers are all drawn to
the same scale.

Lopidea heidemanni new species. (Fig. 1.)

In general appearance, most closely resembling media, but
larger and usually with more fuscous ; certain color phases of
the female sometimes difficult to distinguish from the females
of media.

FIG. i.

Fig. i. — Lopidea heidemanni, male genital
claspers — a right clasper, dorsal aspect.
b right clasper, caudal aspect.
c left clasper, ventral aspect.
d left clasper, dorsal aspect.

FIG. 2.

Fig. 2. — Lopidea salicis. male genital clas-
pers— a right clasper, dorsal aspect.
b right clasper, caudal aspect.
c left clasper, ventral aspect
d left clasper, dorsal aspect.

$ . Length 6.7 mm., width, 2.14 mm. Dark red, having more fuscous
on the pronotum and scutellum than in media; larger and more elon-
gate than media, the hemelytra always showing a strong tendency to
shrivel and wrinkle longitudinally. The species may always be dis-
tinguished by the form of the male genital claspers (fig. i); the right
clasper showing a close relationship to cuncata and salicis.

9. Length, 6.2 mm.; width, 2.08 mm. Slightly more robust than the
male, otherwise very similar; the costal margins of the hemelytra
frequently pale as in media; in certain color phases, dull orange red
with fuscous.

Near Batavia, New York, the species was found breeding
on elm (Ulmus), the nymphs feeding and maturing on the
tender terminal growth, usually of young trees. At Four Mile,
New York, nymphs were taken on Yarrow (Achlllca niillc-

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 457

folium) and when reared were found to be this species. This
would indicate that the species has a wide range of food plants.
The species was also taken in considerable numbers on Soli-
dago rugosa in company w:th media where both forms were
evidently breeding.

The species is named in honor of Mr. O. Heidemann, who
was the first to recognize this form as an undescribed species.
It is to be regretted that he never found time to publish on
this and other forms that he knew.

Holotype:$, June 20, 1916, Batavia, New York (H. H.
Knight) ; author's collection.

Allotype: topotypic.

Paratypcs: 34 5$ topotypic. 1665 9 July 4-5, Four Mile;
3$ 29 June 27, Honeoye Falls; 9 June 27, Portage; 9 July 16,
Conesus Lake; 9 June, 1911, Ithaca, all in New York and all collected
by the writer. 2$ 2? June I, South Meriden, (Connecticut, (H.
Johnson). 9 June 24, Bennington, \^erinpnt^ (C. W. Johnson).
9 June 4, Westfield, New Jersey, (Wm. T. Davis). 2 $ 9 June 4,
Washington, and 9 June 12, Brightwood, District of Columbia; 9
Hensen Creek and $ May 24, Glen Echo, Maryland (O. Heidemann);
also several other specimens in the Heidemann collection from the
vicinity of Washington, D. C. 29 June, Black Mts., North Carolina
(Beutimmtiller). 9 May 18, 9 May 24, $ 9 June 8, $
29 June 17, Plummers Island, Maryland; $ May 19, Great Falls, and
$ June 6, Mount Vernon, Virginia (W. L. McAtee). ^ June 10, ,
Tazewell, Virginia: $ Branchville to Beltsville, Maryland, (L. O.
Jackson). 2$ May 22, 23, Four Alile Run, Virginia; 9 June 8,
Conduit and Potomac Roads, Maryland, (A. Wetmore). $ May 31,
Falls Church, and $ June 7, Groat Falls, Virginia, (Nathan Banks).
2 $ , Cleveland, Ohio.

Lopidea salicis new species. (Fig. 2.)

Closely related to cnncata but differs in the form of the
male genital claspers and in having more orange color on the
pronotum and sides of the hemelytra.

$. Length, 5.7 mm.; width, 1.94 mm. Black, sides of the pronotum
and basal angles of the disk orange colored; embolium and half of the
cuneus yellowish to orange; species distinguished by the form of the
male genital claspers (fig. 2).

9 . Very similar to the male in size and coloration, sometimes
slightly more robust.

458

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Dec.. '17

The species was taken by the writer only on the black wil-
low (Salix nlgra), and is apparently very scarce. The writer
puzzled over the females for two years before the male was
taken and the status of the species determined. The speci-
mens from Honeoye Falls were taken on black willows found
growing along the banks of a small stream that ran through
an open pasture.

Holotype : $ , June 27, 1916, Honeoye Falls, New York.
(H. H. Knight) ; author's collection.

Allotype : taken with the type.

Paratypcs: 2$ 5?, topotypic. $ June 30, 1914, Batavia, New
York, (H. H. Knight). 2$ June 23, 1914, Rochester Junction, New
York, (M. D. Leonard).

Lopidea davisi new species (Fig. 3).

Short and robust, about the size of media but more robust;
very similar to confluens in coloration.

$ . Length, 5.5 mm.; width, 2.0 mm. Yellowish orange to reddish;
antennae, legs, front of the head and rostrum, black; calli, base of the
pronotum, scutellum, clavus, inner half of the corium and the mem-
brane, fuscous; species distinguished by the form of the male genital
claspers (fig. 3).

$ . Very similar to the male only more robust.

This species is named in honor of Mr. Wm. T. Davis, who

FIG. 3. FIG. 4

Fig. 3. — Lopidea davisi, male genital clas- Fig. 4. — Lopidra sia/>hyleac, male genital

pers— a right clasper, internal lateral aspect. claspers— a right clasper, dorsal aspect.

b left clasper, dorsal aspect. b left clasper, caudal aspect.

is noted for his wide interest in collecting, he having taken
the first specimens of this species seen by the writer.

Vol. xxviii |

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

459

Holotype: $, June 20, Cabin John Run, Maryland (\Yin.
T. Davis) ; author's collection.
Allotypc: topotypic.

Paratypcs: 9, Mali Way Hollow Hills, Long Island, Xew York

(Wm. T. Davis). $ 39 July 6, near Chevy Chase Lake, Maryland (W.

L. McAtee). 2 $ June 20, 24, Great Falls; $ July 2, Glencarlyn, and

$ 9 July 13, 8tJ 9 September 14, Falls Church, all in Virginia

(Nathan Banks).

Lopidea reuteri new species. (Fig. 5.)

Very close to cacsar in size and color but differing greatly
in the form of the male genital claspers (fig. 5).

rj . Length, 7.1 mm.: width,
2.54 mm. Deep carmine red,
fuscous on the scute! him and
ps bordering the commissure of
the hemelytra; not so broadly
fuscous on the corium and cu-
neus as in cacsar. Head mostly
black, calli fuscous. Legs
black; sternum, genital seg-
ment and usually the low-
er side of three adjoining seg-
ments blackish.

Antennae: segment I, length,
.65 mm.j width. .17 mm.; II,
2.42 mm.; greatest width, .14
mm.; incrassate, tapering from
the middle toward the apex:
III, 1.60 mm., linear and slen-
der: IV, .60 mm.: black, the
first two segments clothed with

r IG. 5-
Fig. $.-Lo/>idea reuteri, male genital claspers. prominent coarse hairs: almost

,, tight clasper, lateral aspect. identical in structure to cacxar.

b right clasper, dorsal aspect.

c left clasper, ventral aspect. 9. Structurally and ill col»r

d left clasper, dorsal aspect. . .,

very similar to the male; no

antennal differences between the sexes. Very hard to distinguish
from the female of cacsur, which species usually has less fuscous shad-
ing on the scutellum.

In Missouri the species was found breeding on witch-ha/.-l
(Hamamclis rin/itiiiina*) and probably has the same food plant
in the northern localities.

460 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l/

Holotype: $, July 22, 1915, Hollister, Missouri, (H. H.
Knight) ; author's collection.
Allotype : taken with the male.

Paratypcs: 2$, i89, topotypic. $ July 22, Ramapo (Win. T.
Davis), and $ July 27, Lake George (A. K. Fisher), New; York.
$ July 1 6, Southbridge; $ Aug. 3, Sharon; 2 $ Aug. 8, Chester;
9 Aug. ii, Fall River; $ 9 Aug. 31, Rutland; 9 Aug. 7, Williams-
burg, all in Massachusetts, (C. W. Johnson). $ July 10, Portland
(A. E. Moss), and 9 Aug. 10, Portland (B. H. Walden), in Con-
necticut. 9 July, Hewitt, and 9 July, Newfoundland, New Jersey
(Wm. T. Davis). 9 Sept. 6, Red Rock, Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania
(Wm. T. Davis). $ July 25, Glencarlyn, and 9 July 25, Paeonian
Springs, Virginia (Nathan Banks).

Lopidea staphyleae new species. (Fig. 4.)

Resembling- robiniae in general appearance but slightly larg-
er and not so black on the dorsum ; the male genital claspers
distinctive of the species (fig. 4). The claspers of this species
are not typical of the genus Lopidea, but until more work is
done on the genitalia in the various genera it does not seem
wise to erect new ones.

$ . Length 6.5 mm., width 2.05 mm. Orange yellow, fuscous on
the calli, narrowly at the base of the pronotum, scutellum, apical two-
thirds of the clavus, inner half of the corium, and membrane; anten-
nae, tylus, two bars on the front, base of the head, rostrum, and legs,
black; the fuscous shading on the dorsum much paler than in robiniae;
genital claspers distinctive of the species (fig. 4).

Antennae: segment I, length .71 mm.; width .15 mm.; II, 2.48 mm.,
width .10 mm., tapering slightly smaller toward the apex; III, 1.82
mm., slender and almost linear; IV, .52 mm.

9 . Length 6.8 mm., width 2.2 mm. Similar to the male in structure
and coloration, but usually slightly larger. Sometimes very similar
in size and coloration to the female of conflucns; but the length of
the first antennal segment in conflucns is shorter than the width of the
vertex, while in staphyleae its length is as great as, or slightly longer
than, the width of the vertex.

Holotype: $, July 29, 1916, Batavia, New York (H. H.
Knight) ; author's collection.
Allotype : July 30, topotypic.

Faratypcs: 2^59 July 18, 9 July 20, 9 July 21, all reared; 12$
339 July 29, 4 5 69 July 30, 1916, $ July 23, 1913, Batavia, New

Vol. XXVlii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 461

York, all collected by the writer. $ July 13, 9 July 14, 9 July 19,
29 Aug. 9, Plummers Island, Maryland; $ Aug. 2, Scott's Run,
Virginia (W. L. McAtee). 2$ June 27, Great Falls, Virginia; 9
June 23, $ July i, High Island, (Virginia?), (Nathan Hanks).

This interesting species was found breeding on the Ameri-
can Bladder nut (Staphylca tri folia) from which its name i^
derived. The nymphs were found feeding on the tender foli-
age during July, 1916, north of Batavia, New York, the first
adults maturing on July 18. The nymphs are bright orange
yellow with legs and antennae black, being very large and ro-
bust in the fifth instar. It was noted that many of the adults
left the host plant shortly after maturing and were found con-
gregating on nearby hickory trees where several pairs were
taken in copulation.

Lopidea staphyleae var. sanguinea new variety.

Male genital claspers not differing from the typical stafihv-
Icac but the yellow color replaced by bright red ; much resem-
bling rcutcri and cacsar, but differing in the thickness of the
antennae.

$ . Size, structure of the antennae and male genital claspers not
differing noticeably from the typical staphyleae, but the yellow colora-
tion replaced by bright red.

9. Similar to the male in structure and coloration; very much re-
sembling the females of rcutcri and caesar, but the more slender form
of the antennae will serve to distinguish this variety.

Holotypc : $ , July 4, Brookline, Massachusetts ; author's
collection.

Allotypc : July 24, Mt. Carmel, Connecticut (W. E. Brit-
ton).

Paratypcx: $, topotypic; 9 July 14, Mt. Tom, Massachusetts.

Changes of Address.

G. W. Barber to U. S. Ent. Laboratory, Hagerstown, Md.

J. E. Hallinen, Cooperton, Kiowa Co., Okla.

Dr. H. M. Parshley to Biological Hall, Smith College, Northampton,
Mass.

M. R. Smith to Care of Truck Crop Insect Division, Bureau of
Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agric., Washington, D. C.

462

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[Dec., '17

A new Species of Apateticus from Louisiana

(Hem., Het.).

By DAYTON STONER, State University of Iowa, Iowa City,

Iowa.

In a small collection of pentatomids recently sent me by
Mr. O. W. Rosewall, of the Department of Zoology and Ento-
mology, University of Louisiana, I found a very interesting
and peculiar specimen which I was unable to satisfactorily de-
termine. A short time ago I sent this specimen to Mr. H. G.
Barber, who confirmed my suspicion that it might be a new
species. It is quite unlike any of our other species of the
genus Apateticus and displays some interesting features.

Apateticus ludovicianus new species.

Elongate, narrow; general color above pale brown with a slightly
olivaceous tinge; head and anterior one-half of pronotum pale clay
yellow; humeri produced into acute, rounded points; costal margin of
hemelytra with a conspicuous ivory-white line extending from base to
membrane; median ventral spine very short, blunt.

Head elongate, depressed, sides nearly parallel, the juga only very
slightly surpassing the tylus; an impressed line either side of the tylus
and just outside this and parallel to it is a rather regular row of
black punctures extending from base of head to tip
of tylus. Outside each of these rows is another
row of punctures extending from base of head to
near apex and which is partly interrupted by the
reddish ocelli; these punctures gradually become
smaller and a little before the apex of the tylus the
rows on either side become confluent. Dorsal sur-
face of the head between the rows of punctures
impunctate with rather sparse but fine subtransversc
lines. Lateral margins of head with a row of black
punctures extending from eyes to apex. An irregu-
lar, iridescent, greenish mark, deeply and coarsely
punctured on outer side of antennal tubercle in
front of eye. Eyes prominent, fuscous. Antennae
with basal segment very short, pale clay yellow, a
greenish-fuscous patch on outer side, which is con-
tinuous with the greenish mark on the tubercle: sec-
ond segment a little more than four times as
long as the first, vandyke brown, becoming dark-
er toward tip, covered with fine, pale yellowish
hairs: third segment about as long as" second,
blackish, paler at base and very thickly covered
with pale hairs. The remaining antennal segments are missing.
Rostrum heavy, pale yellow, darker toward apex, which reaches just
to posterior end of metasternum.

Vol. XXVlii ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 463

Pronotum pale brown behind the humeri where the fuscous punc-
tures are rather dense and uniform; basal half strongly convex; an-
terior half pale clay yellow, irregularly and less densely punctate; a
smooth, pale, transversely elongate spot either side of the median line;
the acute, rounded humeri which are not at all inclined forward are
joined by a raised, pale, calloused ruga in which are a few punctures;
lateral margins nearly straight, evenly crenulate; a submarginal row
of deep black punctures begins at the anterior border behind the eyes
and becomes gradually evanescent as it approaches the humcrus which
it docs not attain. Below the margin a row of black punctures with
greenish reflections extends for about the same distance posteriorly as
does the row of black punctures above; side pieces of thorax deeply,
sparsely punctate. Scutellum long, narrow, olivaceous, regularly and
deeply punctate with fuscous, the punctures diminishing in size toward
apex; a median longitudinal paler line on posterior half.

Hemelytra a little narrower than widest part of abdomen, slightly
darker than scutellum, irregularly punctured; costal margin with a
uniform ivory-white line extending from base to membrane, this line
finely, sparsely, irregularly punctate with reddish brown: membrane
hyaline, translucent, without longitudinal vitta.

Venter pale clay yellow, irregularly punctured with fuscous, more
sparsely and lightly punctate on disk; black spots on mid-ventral line
small but sharply defined; the first and second are at the anterior
edges of the fourth and fifth visible ventral segments respectively,
while the third is very narrow and elongate, extending backward
about two-thirds the length of the last segment. Connexivum pale yel-
low; immaculate at the angles, bordered within by a green, iridescent,
heavily punctured area.

Legs pale clay yellow, impunctate. Apical tarsal segments and under
sides of two proximal segments black, the upper side of these two
segments yellowish.

Length to tip of membrane, 16.6 mm.: width across humeri, 8.75
mm.; length of head, 2.9 mm.: length of rostrum, 6.3 mm.

Described from a single female specimen collected at Baton
Rouge, Louisiana, May 24, 1916. The specimen is now in my
collection.

The Determination of Generic Types in the

Lepidoptera.

By SIR GEORGE F. H.\ MI-SON, Hart., 62 Stanhope Gardens.
London. S. \Y., No. 7.

In the NEWS, Vol. xxvii. No. 9, pp. 393-400 (
1916) Mr. J. II. McDunnough gives a list of corrections of

464 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l/

the names of genera of Noctuidac from those used in my vol-
umes in the "Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the Brit-
ish Museum." It is instructive to compare his paper with what
he wrote in the "Contributions to the Natural History of the
Lepidoptera of North America," Vol. I, No. 6 (1912). The
corrected names have since appeared in the most useful "Check
List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America," published by Dr.
W. Barnes and himself. Many of his corrections are wrong,
judged by his own method of selecting the types of genera as
fixed by the "law of the first reviser." Of this, however, I
will only give a single instance : in Haworth's description of
the genus Phytomctra, Lep. Brit., p. 254 (1809), the charac-
ters given for the genus include those of the larva and the
generic name is taken from the habits of the larva. Now
Haworth only knew the larvae of two of the species on his
list, fcstucae and gamma, therefore one of them must be the
type of the genus. Mr. McDunnough places both of them in
the genus Autographa Hiibn., and it was "ultra vires" on the
part of Stephens and Westwood to "fix" the type of Phyto-
mctra as ocnea -- viridaria Clerck, of which Haworth did not
know the larva, and Mr. McDunnough is wrong in following
them. Plusia Treit., type amethystina, is the same as Tclesilla
H. S. and has priority over it as stated in my Vol. xiii, p. 452.
Ochsenheimer's generic names in the Noctuidae are nondescript
and should date from Treitschke's descriptions in 1825, except
such as were described by Latreille, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat.
xxiii Chef. Sept. I, 1818) and Zineken in Ersch and Griiber,
Allg. Encyc. Wiss., Vols. i, iii, iv (aft. Sept. i, 1818) ; in the
Geometridac, however, as Treitschke is naming Schiffermiller
and Denis' sections in the Wien. Verz., his names will date
from 1825 and not from 1827-8.

The "law of the first reviser" claims that the first reviser,
even if he does not "fix" a type for the genus, restricts the avail-
able species of the original author's list to such species as have
the characters of the part for which he uses the restricted
name, and that if there is only one such species on the original
author's list that species automatically becomes the type of the
genus, and so on with subsequent revisers till a type is "fixed"
agreeing with the characters given by the original author. It
would therefore be necessary to know not only all the charac-
ters of each species on the original author's list but to follow
them through each subsequent revision. It is, I think, only
necessary to state this in set terms to prove the absurdity of
"the law of the first reviser" as a practical working system.

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 465

The revisions of the older genera are scattered through hun-
dreds of books and periodicals, many of which are extremely
rare, and many are in the various editions of old Encyclope-
dias. The advocates of the law mostly little know the hopeless
morass they would land themselves in when attempting to use
it. What the law really means is that the generic names to
which its advocates are accustomed are sacred and to justify
their use they quote a mass of old authors so that it would take
an expert with a complete library at his disposal a week to
unravel each case he wished to prove or disprove.

The only practical system for an individual author is when
the type of a genus is not stated or clearly indicated by its
author to take the first species on his list which agrees with the
characters he gives as the type. The only alternative to this,
if the "law of the first reviser" is finally adopted, is that an
International Congress shall first lay down clearly the principles
on which the types of genera are to be selected (not the half-
thought-out recommendations of the Monaco Congress), then
appoint small committees of experts in each order to draw up
and publish lists of the genera in which the types have not been
stated with their types as fixed on those principles, and that
the work should be so well done that it will command almost
universal acceptance ; this will certainly not be done in the life-
time of the present generation.

There is another matter which will have to be settled if zoo-
logical nomenclature is to be rescued from the almost hopeless
muddle into which it has been allowed to drift by each author
and country using the generic names to which they are accus-
tomed without any guiding principles, and that, if nondescript
generic names are to be accepted or not, and, if not. whether
they are to be considered as preoccupying the name for future
use. In the whole of zoology these nondescript generic names
are, I believe, used solely by the micro-lepidopterists and by
some other American authors ; the decision in this matter is of
almost equal importance with that of the method of "fixing"
the types of genera.

I am glad to see that Mr. McDunnough in the preface to Dr.
Barnes and his Check-List of North American Lepidoptera
discards Hiibner's "Tentamen," but the status and date or dates
of publication of Hiibner's "Verzeichniss" is of far greater im-
portance. The real genera for which structural characters are
given in the "Verzeichniss" are the "Stirps" and Hiibner's
lower divisions, "Fatniliae" and "Coitus," are mere form and
color sections and so considered by lliibner himself, and should

466 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l?

not, strictly speaking, be treated as generic names. In fact,
Hiibner's nomenclature, as also that of Linne, is only called
binomial by a time-honored fiction. It is instructive to note
that many of the old authors used the term "Family" as a
subdivision of "Genus," as indeed is its proper meaning.

The date, or dates, of the publication of the "Verzeichniss"
have always been open to much doubt and the dates given by
D. Sherborn and L. B. Prout in the "Annals and Magazine of
Natural History" (8), ix, pp. 179-80 (1912) are merely the
approximate dates of the printing off of the various parts and
not of their issue. As clearly pointed out by S. H. Scudder in
his "Historical Sketch of the Generic Names Proposed for But-
terflies," Salem, 1875, pp. 95-8, Htibner, in his preface to the
first century of the "Ziitrage," p. 5, dated December 22, 1818,
refers to a work of the nature of the "Verzeichniss" as an un-
published desideratum and further not only are all the butter-
flies (with a few exceptions) of the first century of the "Zii-
trage" referred to by number in the "Verzeichniss" but a spe-
cies— Lycus niphon — figured in the second century, which is
dated December 23, 1822, is referred to both by number and
name. Yet Scudder uses the date 1816 "for mere convenience
and uniformity." The first two dates given by Sherbnrn and
Prout, 1816 for pages 1-16 and 1818 for pages 17-80, are,
therefore, proved to be erroneous. In 1820 Hiibner stated that
it was getting on very slowly; in 1825 he stated in Franck's
Catalogue that 18 Bogen, i. e., 288 pages, were on sale ( ? print-
ed off and ready for sale). In "Isis," xx, p. 103 (January
1827), there is a review of the "Verzeichniss" complete except
for the Anzeiger (Index) of 72 pages. (?, an advance copv
whilst the index was being prepared). There is no mention of
the "Verzeichniss" in contemporary literature, such as the
"Allgem. Liter. Zeitung," with its reviews of the scientific
work of the period, before 1828, when Treitschke begins to
quote it in his Vol. vi (2), p. 72, after which he quotes it regu-
larly. Ochsenheimer in the preface to his Vol. iv, p. 8 (1816)
says that he had not seen a copy of Hiibner's "Tentamen" til!
after his Vol. iii (1810) was in print; otherwise he would have
quoted it before, and he quotes the genera from that date,
therefore there was no prejudice against Hiibner's methods as
has been alleged. The 'only conclusion to be drawn is that no
part of the "Verzeichniss" was published till some time in 1827
by Geyer after Hiibner's death, and all the evidence there is
is against its having been published before that date, which
should be accepted unless some independent contemporary evi-

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 467

dence turns up. Plenty of copies exist in the original state of
issue. They are all in a single blue paper wrapper without any
printing on it, none in several wrappers.* Stephens in his
"111. Brit. Ent. Haust.," Vol. iv, p. 386 (1835) has a note on
the "Verzeichniss" and gives an abstract of it and says that he
had not been able to obtain it before ; after this he quotes it
systematically.

American authors, in the Lepidoptera at all events, and, I be-
lieve, universally, are to be congratulated on not having adopted
the insidious German specific polynomial nomenclature, by
which the specific name is broken up even unto the sixth degree
(vide R. Verity's "Rhopalocera Palaearctica"), to which we
in Britain have to a considerable extent succumbed of late years.
There is no necessity whatever to give names to local, seasonal,
sexual, polymorphic, hybrid, etc., forms, though in dealing
with a species its local and other varieties should of course be
described. There is no such thing in nature as a subspecies, if
a form is not connected by intergrades with its nearest ally in
another locality and does not interbreed with it, then it is a
species ; if this is not the case then it is a variety, geographical
or otherwise, and the term "subspecies" is merely a confession
of ignorance as to whether a form is a species or variety. The
naming of minor varieties is rapidly reducing the whole subject
to an unworkable farce and it is to be hoped that one of the
minor benefits of the present war will be that we in Britain
will return to a simple binomial nomenclature and purge our-
selves from this form of "Kultur."

* Extract from letter dated November 12, 1894, from Sir M. Holz-
mann, librarian at Maryborough House, to H. M., the late King Ed-
ward VII, to the Lord Walsingham in reply to enquiries as to the dates
of Hiibner's works, as to the results of his enquiries at the Berlin Roy-
al Library.

"As nothing is said about the works being in their original wrap-
pers, I conclude this is not the case. I confess that from the begin-
ning I had my doubts on this point, as I know that in Germany books
appearing gradually in parts used very rarely to be published in wrap-
pers, hut if so the wrappers had no printing at all. Even up to so
late a time as 50 or 40 years ago the parts were issued just as they
came from the press, each sheet separate, not even stitched or prop-
erly folded, and frequently with the title page and date of publication
on the first sheet, although the last sheet might come out years after
the publication of the first. I, myself, have bought many books in
that condition when it is, of course, quite hopeless to attempt fixing
the actual date of issue of each part."

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, 1917.

The Convocation Week Meetings.

The annual meetings of the various national societies whose
interests are wholly or partly entomological are announced
for Pittsburgh and for Minneapolis.

At Pittsburgh will meet :

The Entomological Society of America on Friday and Saturday,
Dec. 28 and 29; Secretary, Prof. J. M. Aldrich, West Lafayette,
Indiana;

The American Association of Economic Entomologists on Monday,
Tuesday and Wednesday, Dec. 31, Jan. i and 2; Secretary, Mr. A. F.
Burgess, Melrose Highlands, Massachusetts;

The American Society of Naturalists on Tuesday and Wednesday,
Tan. I and 2; Secretary, Prof. B. M. Davis, University of Pa., Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania;

The Ecological Society of America on Saturday, Dec. 29, Monday,
Dec. 31, and Tuesday, Jan. i; Secretary, Dr. Forrest Shreve (ad-
dress, Nov. i-Dec. 27: Easton, Maryland):

These four societies meet in affiliation with the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of -Science whose sessions extend from
Friday, Dec. 28 to Wednesday, Jan. 2, both inclusive: Secretary, Dr.
L. O. Howard, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

At Minneapolis (University of Minnesota) will meet:

The American Society of Zoologists on Thursday, Friday and
Saturday, Dec. 27-29: Secretary, Prof. Caswell Grave, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland;

On the same days will occur the meetings of the Federation of
American Societies for Experimental Biology and the American As-
sociation of Anatomists.

Additional expenses of various kinds, including that of rail-
road fare, will doubtless disincline many from being present
at these meetings, but the various Secretaries rightly urge the
duty of attendance in view of the special stress of the times
and the necessity for upholding scientific associations.

468

Vol. XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 469

In recent years the NEWS has given, usually in its February
number, a classified list of all the papers of an entomological
bearing presented at the preceding Convocation week meet-
ings. Owing to our reduced size in 1918, as announced in our
November issue, page 424, this list will be omitted next year,
but we hope to give the usual brief summary and statistics of
papers.

Notes and Ne\vs.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

Entomology in British Columbia.

I am having sent to you a copy each of the Annual Report of the
British Columbia Provincial Museum of Natural History for 1915 and
1916. The latter has . only just come off the press. These reports
contain illustrations of some of our rare and uncommon British Col-
umbian insects and I thought that they may be of interest to you,
especially as some of the figures are types and paratypes which are
here illustrated for the first time. For the past two years I have been
looking after the entomological branch of the Provincial Museum in
my spare time. This branch had been rather neglected previously,
but is now assuming a more complete aspect. I have persuaded the
Director to have at least two plates each year devoted to the illustrat-
ing of rare and uncommon insects occurring in the Province, and as
the general aspect of the report has been altered, I think that it may
prove of some value to entomologists in general. — E. H. BLACKMORE,
President, British Columbia Entomological Society, Victoria, B. C.

[The Report for 1915 notes the insect collections made by E. M.
Anderson at Atlin in 1914 and at Sahtlam, Vancouver I., in 1915; by
J. A. Munro at Okanagan Landing and C. Garrett at Cranbrook. Of
the well-printed half-tone platcs; one is devoted to types and paratypes
of Geometridae described elsewhere by L. W. Swett, two to rarer
butterflies (chiefly) and one to three new species of B. C. Diptcra,
described elsewhere by C. H. T. Townsend. The Report for 1916
indicates that Air. Anderson made insect collections in the vicinity of
Lilloett while Air. Alunro continued his work at Okanagan Landing;
it contains also records of Noctuids from the vicinity of Victoria and
of Geometridae from various I',. C. localities by Mr. Blackmore. To
each of these families a half-tone plate is devoted. We heartily sec-
ond the hope expressed by Mr. Blackmore in another place in his let-
ter that the B. C. Entomological Society may, in spitr of its difficulties,
soon issue immUr- 8 and 10 <>f its r.ullctin. — ED.]

47O ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l^

Emergency Entomological Service.

Numbers 6 and 7 of these Reports, similar to the earlier issues men-
tioned in the NEWS (c. g. Oct., 1917, page 375), dated Oct. i and
Nov. i, contain descriptions of the clean-up operations at Hearne,
Texas, to exterminate the pink boll worm (Pectinophora gossypiella},
presumably introduced with cotton seed from the Laguna district of
Mexico. This pest was found in two fields near Hearne. Federal
and State appropriations render it possible to establish a cotton-free
zone as rapidly as the need of such a zone can be shown.

The present year has been one of the lightest boll weevil years since
the pest entered the country. The first record of this species in
South Carolina is given and data on the northern line of dispersion
in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia; a
complete statement of the infested territory, together with a map.
is promised as soon as all the data have been received and compiled.

In California cotton has suffered materially from the activity c f
three sucking bugs, Euschistus impictiventris, Chlorochroa sayi and
the tarnished bug, Lygus pratensis, which puncture the carpels and
the green seed, resulting in complete destruction of the embryo, serious
discoloration of the lint and premature opening of the bolls.

The State of Florida has issued a quarantine against sweet potatoes
infested by the weevil Cyclas formicarins which occurs only in a few
counties but is gradually gaining ground. The Federal Horticultural
Board has under consideration a quarantine against sweet potatoes
and yams from all foreign countries and from Hawaii and Porto
Rico in view of the widespread ravages of this species and of the
weevil Euscepes batatae.

Extension work in Entomology is being planned in States as far
apart as Arizona and New Hampshire; this aims to give demonstra-
tions at many places of the measures necessary to check or forestall
insect ravages.

Numerous reports of injury to stored corn and wheat indicate that
the more common grain weevils will be unusually prevalent during
the coming winter.

The Bureau of Entomology's work is revealing the great economic
importance of North American termites as destroyers of timber.

There are the usual reports on many spieces of injurious insects
from II states in No. 6 and 22 states and territories in No. 7. We
quote from one of these by Mr. A. L. Melander in No. 6: "I have
just [September i8th] returned from an extended scouting trip which
began about the middle of June. During the summer we have covered
nearly 4000 miles, practically all in Washington, and over 3300 have
been done by the little automobile. ... In the State of Wash-
ington, [the weevil] Otiorhynchus oratits extends from north to
south along a strip east of Puget Sound, invading the islands and

Vol. XXVlii I ENTOMOLOGICAL NKYVS. 4JI

extending westward to Montesano. Most of the strawberry fields of
this region are infested. In the region immediately east of Seattle,
where the insect first entered the State fifteen years ago, the berry
industry has been taken over almost entirely by Japanese who shift
their fields as the weevils kill their plants. . . . Commercial
cranberry growing in this State, although in its infancy, has already
totaled over a million dollars invested. The principal trouble is
occasioned by the fire worm which, in its several generations, drops
the leaves, buds, blossoms and fruits, destroying not only the year's
crop but, by attacking the terminal buds, prevents the next year's
berries from forming. The growers certainly need advice and assist-
ance as much as any people can. They are enthusiastic but helpless
before this insect. They have equipped their bogs with piping and
have installed engine sprayers so as to be in a position to carry on
excellent spraying, but what is best and safest to use and just when
the spraying should be applied are unsolved problems for which the
growers are crying for professional advice, especially since this year
their avertable losses have amounted to hundreds of thousands of
dollars. . . . Perhaps the most valuable part of the summer's
expedition was the information received and given during the personal
visits with hundreds of farmers. The car enabled me to get off the
beaten tracks and to run down scores of reported insect problems.
With the camp outfit carried along we were made independent of
hotels and railroads and thus were enabled to reach into many a
region I never before have had the opportunity of visiting."

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

1 — Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
3 — The American Naturalist. 4 — The Canadian Entomologist.
8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, London. 9 — The En-
tomologist, London. 10 — Nature, Londmi. 11 — Annals and Maga-

472 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., '17

zine of Natural History, London. 21 — The Entomologist's Record,
London. 51 — Novitates Zoologicae, Tring, England. 68 — Science,
New York. 87 — Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris.
105 — Videnskabelige Meddelelser, Naturhistoriske Forening i
Kjobenhaven. 121 — Archives des Sciences Physiques et Natur-
elles, Geneva. 150 — Transactions, Royal Society of Edinburgh.
153 — Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New York.
169 — "Redia," R. Stazione di entomologia Agraria in Firenze.
177 — Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London. 179 —
Journal of Economic Entomology. 189 — Journal of Entomology
and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 198 — Biological Bulletin, Marine
Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 204 — New York State
Museum, Albany. 304 — Annals, Carnegie Museum. 313 — Bulletin
of Entomological Research, London. 344 — U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 411 — Bulletin, The Brooklyn En-
tomological Society. 420 — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus: A
monthly journal of entomology, Washington. 490 — The Journal
of Parasitology, Urbana, Illinois. 532 — Proceedings, National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Washington.
538 — Lorquinia. Los Angeles. 540 — The Lepidopterist, Official
Bulletin, Boston Entomological Club. 546 — Illinois Biological
Monographs, Urbana. 551 — Memorie, Pontifica Ac/dademia
Romana dei Nuovi Lincei, Rome. 552 — Science Progress, London.
553 — -Florida Buggist, Gainesville, Fla.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Cameron, S. E.— The insect associa-
tion of a local environmental complex in the district of Holmes
Chapel, Cheshire, England, 150, Hi, 37-78. Chandler, W. J.— Inves-
tigations of the value of nitrobenzol as a parasiticide with notes
on its use in collecting external parasites, 490, iv, 27-32. Chapman,
T. A. — -Two males paired with one female, 21, 1917, 182. Davis, A.
—Insect collecting on a mountain trail, 538, ii, 17-18. Felt, E. P.—
Household and camp insects, 204, Bui. 194. Gibbs, A. E. — Obituary
notice, 9, 1917, 95. Grinnell, F. — The spirit of the naturalist and of
natural history work; a suggestion for observation and record,
540, i, 53-4; 70. Krogh, A. — Injection preparation of the tracheal
system of insects, 105, Ixviii, 319-22. Meyrick, E. — A question of
Latinity, 9, 1917, 114-5. Pickard-Cambridge, O. — Obituary notice,
9, 1917, 9fi. Rowland-Brown, H.— Insect disappearances and re-
appearances, 9, 1917, 92-4. Wodsedalek, J. E. — Five years of star-
vation of larvae, 68, xlvi, 36G-7. Waterhouse, C. O. — Obituary
notice, 9, 1917, 71-2.

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Gatenby, J. B.— The

degenerate sperm-formation of moths as an index to the inter-

Vol. XXVJii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 473

relationship of the various bodies of the spermatozoon, 177, Ixii,
465-88. Muller, H. J. — An oenothera-like case in Drosophila, 532,
iii, 619-26. Taylor, M. — The chromosome complex of Culex
pipiens. II, Fertilisation, 177, Ixii, 287-301. Warren, D. C. — Mu-
tations in Drosophila busckii, 3, li, 698-703.

MEDICAL. Wilson, E. E. — The anopheles mosquito in relation
to Malaria and agriculture, 553, i, 18-19, 22-3.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Berlese, A.— Centuria di Acari nuovi,
I-III, 169, xii, 19-67; 125-177; 289-338. Chinaglia, L.— Revisione
del gen, "Hydrozetes," 169, xii, 343-59. Cohen, H.— Vitality of lice,
10, C, 66-7. Savory, T. — Further notes on captive spiders, 552, 1917,
322-24.

Ewing, H. E. — [Six] new sps. of economic mites, 179, x, 497-501.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Hirst, S.— Remarks on certain sps. of
the genus Demodex (of man, the horse, dog, rat and mouse), 11,
xx, 232-5. Longinus Navas, R. P. — Neuroptera nova Americana,
551, ii, 59-80. Tillyard, R. S.— The biology of dragonflies. (Cam-
bridge Univ. Press), 396 p. Williams, C. B. — A new thrips damag-
ing orchids in the West Indies, 313, viii, 59-61.

ORTHOPTERA. Hebard, M.— Dermapterological notes; Notes
on Mexican Melanopli, 1, 1917, 231-50; 251-75. Rehn & Hebard—
Studies in West Indian earwigs, 153, xxxvii, 635-51.

HEMIPTERA. Baker, A. C.— Some sensory structures in the
Aphididae, 4, 1917, 378-84. The correct name for our apple-grain
aphis, 68, xlvi, 410-11. Bodkin, G. E. — Notes on the Coccidae from
Br. Guiana, 313, viii, 103-10. Gibson, E. H.— The collection of
Hemiptera in the U. S. Nat. Mus., 179, x, 502-3. Gregory, L. H.—
The effect of starvation on the wing development of Microsiphum
destructor, 198, xxxiii, 296-303. Heidemann & Osborn — Rhynchota
of the Isle of Pines, 304, xi, 346-55. McAtee, W. L.— A few notes
chiefly on the names of Nearctic Tingidae, 411, xii, 78-9. New-
stead, R. — Observations on scale-insects, IV, 313, viii, 1-34.

Ferris, G. F. — A new genus and sp. of Coccidae, 4, 1917, 375-8.
Gibson, E. H. — The family Isometopidae as represented in X.
America [3 new], 411, xii, 73-7. Guercio, G. del. — Contribuzione
alia conoscenza degli afidi [1 newl, 169, xii, 11(7-277. Knight, H.
H. — Notes on species of Miridae inhabiting ash trees, with de-
scription of a new sp., 411, xii, 80-2.

LEPIDOPTERA. d'Auriol, H.— Etude sur les Pierides du Jura,
121, 1917, 32-47. Benedict, R. C.— An outline of the life history of

4/4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ' l"J

the clothes moth, Tineola biselliella, 68, xlvi, 464-6. Cassino &
Reiff — New L. from the Jacob Doll collection, 540, i, 68-9. Clarke,
A. F. — Butterfly v. wasp, 10, C, 85. Grinnell, F. — Lorquin's admiral
(Basilarchia lorquinii), 538, ii, 20-21. Hampson, G. F. — Descrip-
tions of new Pyralidae of the subfamilies Hydrocampinae, Scopa-
rianae, etc., 11, xx, 265-82. Joicey, J. J. — New sps. and forms of
Sphingidae, 11, xx, 305-9. New subspecies of Caligo, 21, 1917,
180-2. McClymont, J. R. — Remarks on evidences of intelligence in
certain butterflies, 9, 1917, 212-3. Marchand, W. — Entomological
notes, 540, i, 70-71. Mott, G. — Cold destroys lepidoptera larva and
eggs in So. Florida, 540, i, 69. Ottolengui, R. — The reminiscences
of a lepidopterist, 540, i, 85-7. Prout, L. B. — New South American
Geometridae, 51, xxiv, 374-92. Reiff, W. — Colias philodice, rothkei,
540, i, 84. Reiff & Cassino — Two weeks at Rockledge, Florida, 540,
i, 59-61, 72. Rowland-Brown, H. — Collateral colour variation of
Argynnids. Resting habit of Pierids, 9, 1917, 207. Skinner, H.—
The species of Argynnis in America, 4, 1917, 342-4. Stowers, N.—
A sugaring trip for Catocalas, 540, i, 87-9.

Barnes & McDunnough — Some pyralid notes [1 new], 4, 1917,
371-4. Cassino, S. E.— New sps. of Catocala [3 new], 540, i, 61-4.
Dyar, H. G. — Descriptions of some L. larvae from Mexico; A new
Pyralid from California. 420, V, 128-32. Ehrmann, G. A.— Some
new No. American butterflies [2 new], 540, i, 54-6. Grinnell, F. —
Two unnamed California butterflies, 4, 1917, 349-51. Swett, L. W.—
Geometrid notes [1 new], 4, 1917, 351-2. New Geometrids [2
new], 540, i, 52-3.

DIPTERA. Dyar & Knab— Notes on Aedes curriei, 420, v,
122-5. Howard, C. W. — Hibernation of the house-fly in Minnesota,
179, x, 464-68. Howard & Hutchison— The house-fly, 344, Farm. B.,
851. Kahl, H. — Notes on the genus Leucophenga with descriptions
of some new species from So. America, West Africa, and the
Philippine Islands, 304, xi, 364-393. Malloch, J. R. — The anthomyid
genus Phyllogaster, Addendum, 4, 1917, 352. Marchand, W. — An
improved method of rearing tabanid larvae, 179, x, 469-72. Nielsen,
J. C. — Undersogelser over entoparasitiske muscidelarver hos
arthropoder, VI, 105, Ixviii, 23-36.

Dyar, H. G. — The mosquitoes of the Pacific northwest [3 new];
Notes on Aedes at Lake Pend d'Oreille, Idaho; Notes on the Aedes
of Montana [2 new] ; A new Aedes from the Rocky Mountain
region, 420, v, 97-121; 127-8. Johnson, C. W. — Species of the genus
Brachyopa of the eastern U. S. [2 new], 4, 1917, 360-2. VanDuzee,
M. C. — New No. Am. species of Dolichopodidae [5 new], 4, 1917,
337-42.

Vol. XXVlii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 475

COLEOPTERA. Achard, J. — Descriptions de deux Chrysome-
lides nouveaux de 1'Amerique du Sud, 87, 1917, 230-1. Chagnon, G.
—A preliminary list of the insects of the Province of Quebec, III.
Coleoptera (Suppl. Kept. Quebec Soc. Protect. Plants), 161-277.
Champion, G. C. — A new barid from a Costa Rican bromeliad, 8,
1917, 223-4. Nicolay, A. S. — Buprestidae and Cerambycidae from
Maine, 411, xii, 92-5. Notman, H. — Coleoptera illustrata, Vol. 1, No.
3, Carabidae, 50 pis. Shelford, V. E. — Color and color-pattern
mechanism of tiger beetles, 546, iii, No. 4, 134 pp. Tower, W. L. —
Inheritable modification of the water relation in hibernation of
Leptinotarsa decem-lineata, 198, xxxiii, 229-57.

Chapin, E. A. — Studies in the Hydnocerini. The hydnoceroid
genera [2 n. g. 1 n. sp.], 411, xii, 83-5. Fall, H. C. — New Coleop-
tera. VII [7 new], 4, 1917, 385-91. Schaeffer, C.— On some new and
known Melandryidae [4 new], 4, 1917, 357-60.

HYMENOPTERA. Berlese, A. — Aspidiotiphagus How. e Pros-
paltella Ashm., 169, xii, 1-13. Bray, H. — List of bees from Clare-
mont, Laguna region, 189, ix, 93-100. Cockerell, T. D. A. — De-
scriptions and records of bees, LXXVI-LXXVII, 11, xx, 235-41,
298-304. Frohawk, F. W. — Destruction of wheat by wasps, 9, 1917,
132-3. Girault, A. A.— A new West Indian chalcid-fly, 4, 1917, 356-7.
Malenotti, E. — Sopra un caso di endofagia dell' "Aspidiotiphagus
citrinus" sul "Chrysomphalus dictyospermi," 169, xii, 15-18. Water-
son, J. — A n. sp. of Paraphelinus, from Br. Guiana, with a dis-
cussion of the genus and the allied Aphelinus, 313, viii, 43-58.

Beutenmuller, W. — Descriptions of new Cynipidae [5 new], 4,
1917, 345-9. Girault, A. A. — Descriptiones hymenopterorum chal-
cidoidicorum cum observationibus [2 new], 9, 1917, 36-8. Three
new chalcid flies from N. America. New chalcid flies, with notes
[10 new], 411, xii, 85-89. Malloch, J. R. — Three n. sps. of the new
genus Andrena from the U. S., 411, xii, 89-92.

THE BIOLOGY OF DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA OR PARANEUROPTERA) by R.
J. TILI.YARD, M. A. (Cantab.) B. Sc. (Sydney), Macleay Fel-
low in Zoology to the Linnean Society of New South Wales,
Cambridge [England] : at the University Press 1917. New
York representatives : G. P. Putnam's Sons. Svo, pp. xii, 306,
4 pis. (2 colored). 188 text figs. Price 15 shillings net. (Cam-
bridge Zoological Series, General Editor: Arthur E. Shipley.
Sc.D., F.R.S., Master of Christ's College, Cambridge).
This volume whose appearance was alluded to in the NEWS for
October, page 353, contains the most complete general account of
the Odonata ever published. Many of its contents are very sugges-
tive and a much longer time must elapse before they can be properly

4/6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'l/

considered and tested. Such consideration might easily postpone the
writing of an adequate review until the volume no longer had the
charm of novelty, but we feel that it would be an. injustice to the
talented author, to his originality and his industry, to defer calling
it to the attention of American entomologists until the reviewer
felt that he had even partially digested its contents.

The book is an essential to every biological, zoological or ento-
mological library. Its scope is shown by the following table of con-
tents: Chapter I. Introduction, 8 pages; II. The Imago, external
features and skeleton, 29 pp.; III. The Wings, 29 pp.; IV. The Larva
or nymph, 33 pp.; V. The Alimentary and Excretory systems, 20 pp.;
VI. The Nervous system, 17 pp.; VII. The Sense organs, 20 pp.;
VIII. The Circulatory system, 9 pp.; IX. The Respiratory system, 36
pp.; X. The Bodywall and Muscles, 10 pp.; XL The Reproductive
system, 17 pp.; XII. Embryology, 14 pp.; XIII. Coloration, 15 pp.;
XIV. Classification, 23 pp.; XV. Zoogeographical distribution, 20 pp.;
XVI. The Geological record, 20 pp.; XVII. Bionomics, etc., 17 pp.;
XVIII. British species [included presumably on account of the book
forming one of the series above mentioned], 15 pp.; XIX. Collecting,
rearing and biological methods, 10 pp.; Appendix A. Bibliography,
13 pp.: B. Glossary, 5 pp.; C. Some important synonyms, i p. Index
of illustrations, 4 pp., Index of text, 12 pp.

Among the novelties adopted* may be mentioned the suggested
phylogenetic succession of the pterostigma (pp. 52-53) and of the
abdominal appendages of the images (pp. 35, 37) ; the view that the
original Odonata were anisopterous as the Protodonata were (pp.
49. 50- that the basal fusion of veins R and M "Was probably brought
about, like the reduction in Sc, by the adoption of the aquatic habit
by the larva, and the consequent shifting of the course of the oxy-
gen supply of the developing wing from the costal to the anal end
of the alar trunk," "owing to the larval gills being situated at the
anal end of the body" (pp. 56, 46); the figuring of the hatching of
the larva of Ana.v (p. 68): the treatment of the rectal gills of the
larvae of the Anisoptera (pp. 178 et seq.~), of their ontogeny (p. 186)
and of the caudal and lateral gills of Zygopterous larvae (pp. 190-200) ;
the phylogenetic treatment of color patterns (pp. 246 ct seq.) ; the

* Many of these, indeed, have already appeared in Mr. Tillyard's
numerous papers in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of Vew
Soutii Wales for recent years, and in the Journal of the Linnean
Society of London, Zoology, vol. xxxiii. Mr. Tillyard's interpreta-
tions of certain venational features are not discussed in tin's review:
they have been criticised by Prof. Needham in the NKWS for April
last, pp. 169-173, and by Mr. Campion in a review of the present book
in Tiie I'.nloinologists' Monthly Magazine fur Septc-mbcr, pp. 212-215.

Vol. XXVlii| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 477

correlation of colors with habits both imaginal and larval (pp. 248,
256), including change of color in the larva induced by color changes
in its environment; in chapter XIV, alterations is classification where-
by the family Lestidae is separated on entirely new characters, the
genus Epioplilclna of Japan being included therein, and the elevation
of many of de Selys' legions to the rank of subfamilies; the discus-
sion of zoogeographical distribution tinder the headings of the palaeo-,
ento- and ectogenic faunae (chap, xv); a new phylogenetic diagram
(p. 319) : an estimate of the flight-speed of dragonflies which in
.•htstrt>plitcl>!(i is placed at "nearly sixty miles per hour" (p. 323)-

Admirable features are the numerous original illustrations, sonic
of them due to Mrs. Tillyard, the great majority of all the figures
in the book having been made by the author from new material, as
those of many wings, larvae, parts of the nervous system, sense or-
gans and many viscera; the elaborate tables of equivalents in nomen-
clatures of wing-veins and -areas (pp. 40-43), of the muscles of the
entire body of the imago (pp. 206-209) and of the census of the
Odonata of the world (p. 300) in which the total number of species
is placed at ..2457 in 429 genera.

So excellent is this book that the reviewer wishes for it a wide and
an intensive use and he would fail in his duty if he did not point out
some details which seem to him to require correction, that it may
be of the greatest value. The first sentence of chapter I implies
that Linnaeus recognized a family LibcUulidac, but Linnaeus' cate-
gories included no families and no group names terminating in idae;
these are post-Linnean. Baron Edmond de Selys-I.ongchamps died
December 11, 1900, not in 1890 (p. 2).

In the table on p. 92, the — sign for the appendix dorsalis in the col-
umn "Imagines Zygoptera" should be replaced by a X sign for
"rudimentary" (cf. Hagen & Calvert, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, xxxix,
pi. I, figs. 18 and i8r and explanation thereof, p. 119, under ?•)• The
statement that "In Zygopterid larvae the rectum is undivided" (p. 101,
footnote) will require some modification, as work by Mr. Mitchell
Carroll, not yet published, shows. The problem of "the missing ab-
dominal ganglion," stated (p. 132) as solved in Pctalura, had been
solved in 1903 in the note cited as No. 28 of the bibliography on puur

364-

Those interested in the physiology of the nervous system (pp. 135-

136) will find additional data in the work of Babak and Foustka (1907)
and of Matula (1911), as well as in Babak's summary in Winter -
stein's great IlamUmch dcr rcrt/I. I'Iiysit>lo</ic (1912-13). The expres-
sion "Closed System" applied to the dorsal vessel hardly seems ap-
propriate, since the latter is truly said to open "into the haemocoele"
(p. 157). Contributions to knowledge of spermatogenesis (p. 213)
have been made since I'utschli by Lefevre and McGill (1908, 1912)

4/8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., 'ij

?nd by Gross (1912). In the discussion of germ bands (p. 23,0, the
fact that other Odonate embryos than the one chiefly described
(Calopteryx) have not immersed, but superficial, germ bands is not
mentioned. Brandt's text and figures (reproduced as G and H on p.
231), as well as a consideration of the mechanics involved, necessi-
tate the thickening and contraction of the serosa after, and not before
(p. 238), the rupture of the fused amnion and serosa. The length
of embryonic life is often more than three weeks (p. 242), in coun-
tries with a marked winter; the reviewer is accustomed to obtain
young larvae of Sympetrum vicinum in Philadelphia for class work
from eggs laid in late September or early October: kept indoors,
these hatch in December and January: in their natural surroundings
the embryonic period must be still longer. Semi-Arians of the twen-
tieth century may reject Mr. Tillyard's "homochrome" (pp. 254, 257)
for "homoeochrome," but, irrespective of orthodoxy, it may be ques-
tioned why "heteromorphic" should be employed in the sense of
"rarer" (p. 257).

The characters for many of the taxonomic groups given in chapter
XIV, such as "Triangles short" or "Triangle not excessively nar-
rowed," without any accompanying mention of some neighboring
structure or detail to be used as a scale in measuring the shortness
or the narrowing, are not sufficiently precise to be available for pur-
poses of identification, however meaningfull they may be to those al-
ready acquainted with the Odonata. The non-comparative nature of
the tribal characters of the Libellulinae (pp. 269-273) makes determi-
nation of specimens exceedingly difficult, if not impossible. There
is not space within the limits of this review to discuss the classifi-
cation itself.

"Nebraska" (p. 282) is an error for "Nevada," and "Diastatomma
Brauer" (p. 307, footnote) for "Diastatomma Burmeister-Charpentier."
The fact that one specimen of Phcnacolcstcs parallclus has been
found with wings outspread* does not seem to the reviewer to jus-
tify the conclusion that this extinct genus used to rest in that position
(p. 315). The condition shown by the fossil may only mean that the
insect had been softened by water and its wings floated out into the
attitude in which they are now found. Mr. Tillyard's own observa-
tions that females emerge, on the average, a few days before the
males (p. 326) and that birds seldom succeed in catching dragon-
flies (p. 330) are not in accord with records from other sources. His
method of "bristling" specimens, which does not include the head
and prothorax (p. 355), is surely faulty, as everyone who has worked
with the older collections, including that of de Selys himself, can

* Reference is doubtless made to figure 4, page 574 of volume xlii,
The .liuerican Naturalist, Sept., 1908.

Yd XXviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

testify. Nor can the keeping of insects in large tobacco boxes (p.
356) be endorsed, unless the Australian boxes are very much tighter
than those of this part of the world, even if our practice does not
always agree with our preaching ! The presence of decaying vege-
table matter is surely not essential in rearing the eggs of all Odonata
(P- 35$) : in the annual case of Sympetrum ricinnni mentioned above,
no vegetable matter is employed.

The title of No. 22 in the bibliography (p. 364) is incorrectly
given; the paper in question had not the wide scope which the mis-
quotation implies. The larger German text-books are so extent-,
that the student will have some difficulty in finding the Odonata on
"pp. 380 et scq." of No. 81 in the same list (p. 367) ; "Allgemeincr
Theil, 4te Lieferung, 1910," at least should be added to the citation.
Some mention should be made in the bibliography, even with its
limitations as laid down in the preface (pp. vii-viii), of the work of
A. N. Bartenef on the Palaearctic fauna. In view of the use of tlu
word cell in two distinct meanings on the same page (c. g. 244), it
would seem desirable to include both meanings in the glossary ( p.
377), as those who need the one would also require the other. Ui
page 378 is the remark that the word c.vui'iae does not exist in liu
singular and, although the Century Dictionary (not to quote others)
supports this statement, yet cxiivia and c.vm'ium appear in at least
one American entomological glossary and it is difficult to see why tlr ;
is not as good neo-Latin terminology as many of our accepted generi:
and specific names.

Mr. Tillyard says in his preface (pp. ix-x) : "Readers will . . . not
fail to discover a very strong Australian 'flavour' in the book. Tho-r
who know how rich and varied the Australian Dragonfly-fauna is,
will look upon this rather as an advantage than otherwise While
care has been exercised in selecting, for general description, well-
known genera of wide distribution, yet there has been no hesitation
in making use of the more archaic Australian forms, when tl
latter could throw new light on the phylogeny of the Order."

We welcome the Australian flavor and the ectogenic, if not ento-
genic, Australian authorship on this and other grounds as well. We
look to younger continents, as well as to younger men, for new
points of view, for liberation from the thralldom of stereotyped ideas,
and Mr. Tillyard has assuredly given us these in plenty in his
of Dragonflies. — P. P. CAI.VERT.

Abundance of Sympetrum rubicundulum (Odonata).

w niluciindiiliiin Say was exceedingly common in my gar-
den as well as in tho«- of my neighbors, at Mt. Airy. Pennsylvania,
during the month of Septemh'.-r. nji/. The nearest breeding place is
at least a half mile from my home. — PHILIP LAURENT, Philadelphia, Pa.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec,, 'l/

Doings of Societies.

The American Entomological Society.

Meeting of June u, 1917, in the hall of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. Dr. Henry Skinner, President, in the chair;
nine persons present. Mr. C. W. Fror-t was elected a member.

The donations from Mr. Harry B. Weiss of specimens of
Diorymellus lan-iinarno Champ, and Mcgastigmus aculcatus Swed.
and from Mr. Albert F. Swain of a collection of paratypes of Cali-
fornian aphids were announced.

Orthoptera.— Mr. J. A. G. Rehn exhibited the Hebard collection
of North American Blattidae, containing all the known species, and
made interesting remarks on the history of the nomenclature and the
distribution and habits of the species.

Odonata. — -Dr. P. P. Calvert exhibited the type of Miocora pcraltica,
new genus, new species, from Costa Rica, described in Entomological
News for June, 1917, and spoke briefly of its habitat and its generic
differentials. He also exhibited two larval exuviae of Hagenius brevis-
tylns which he had found on stones below a dam, on the banks of
Darby Creek, above Heyville, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, June
18, 1916, and a female imago which he had taken on the bank of
Crum Creek near Castle Rock, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1916, and sug-
gested that members be on the lookout for this species of which there
was only one previous record of its occurrence in the vicinity of
Philadelphia, that of a nymph found in Fairmount Park in 1893, by
the late C. F. Seiss (Ent. News, V, p. 324).

Lepidoptera. — Dr. H. Skinner exhibited the pupal skin of Alegathy-
mns cofaqui from which the insect, shown at a previous meeting,
emerged June 8th. It was sent from Venice, Florida.

General. — Dr. P. P. Calvert exhibited some vials of alcoholic speci-
mens of Arthropods from Costa Rican bromeliads and commented on
them briefly, also parts of bull's horn thorn (Acacia spp.) and the
ants (Pscndomyrma spp.) which inhabit this plant, from the same
country. Referring to a course on the history of entomology which
he had just been giving during the closing academic year at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, he named the following naturalists selected
for discussion in this course as having had great influence on the prog-
ress of entomology : Aristotle, Malpighi, Leeuwenhoek, Swammer-
dam, Redi, Reaumur, Roesel von Rosenhof, Ray, Linnaeus, Fabricius,
Latreille, Cuvier, Lamarck, Savigny, Darwin, Wallace, Haeckel,
Weismann and Lubbock; the time limits of the course prevented thr
inclusion of others. — R. C. WILLIAMS, JR., Recording Secretary.

INDEX TO VOL XXVFII.

(* indicates new genera, species or varieties.)

AINSLIE, C. N. Notes on the construction of the cocoon

of Praon 364

I'.AKER, A. C. On the Chinese gall ( ill.) 385

BANKS, N. New mites, mostly economic ( ill.) 193

BERNIIEIM, J. L. Swarms of butterflies (ill.) 339

BLACKMORE, E. H. Entomology in British Columbia. . . . .i/><;

BLAISDELL, F. E. A correction in Omits 234

Studies in the tenebrionid tribe Eleodiini, No. 2 221

l)i,AiSDEi,L and REYNOLDS. A new Omits (ill.) 49

BRUES, C. T. Three new West Indian species of the ich-

neumonid genus Eiphosoma (ill.) 450

BUCHHOLZ, O. A new species of Acronycta 183

CALVERT, P. P. Advances in knowledge of fossil insects. 80

Ants vs. men 185

Calopteryx dimidiata apicalis 266

The convocation week meetings 77, 468

The lack of entomologists (editorial) 373

The national defense against and by insects 283

The News for 1917 (editorial) 39

The News for 1918 (editorial) 424

Review : Tillyard's Biology of dragonflies 475

Specialization in entomology 140

Studies on Costa Rican Odonata. \ 111. A new genus

allied to Cora (ill.) 259

CHAMBERLIN, W. J. A correction in Trach\kcle 234

Notes on some Buprestidae of northern California. u<;, 166
CHIDESTER, F. E. Dytiscus as a destroyer of mosquito

larvae 454

COCKERELL, T. D. A. Entomology at the United Slates

National Museum cq

New bees from Costa Rica 200

A second Collctcs with spotted wings 36^5

Some bees of the genus Psacnythla 302

481

482 INDEX

CRAMPTON, G. C. A phylogenetic study of the lateral head,
neck and prothoracic regions in some Apterygota and

lower pterygota (ill.) 398

CRESSON, E. T., JR. Descriptions of new genera and spe-
cies of the dipterous family Ephydridae, IV 340

Opening up a new field [Review of "Sarcophaga and

its allies in North America"] 86

CRESSON and REHN. (See Entomological Literature.)
CROSBY and LEONARD. The egg of Byiurus unicolor (ill.) .438

An egg parasite of the sumac flea-beetle (ill.) 368

DAVIDSON, W. M. Early spring Syrphidae in California

and a new Pipiza (ill.) 414

DEAN,, G. A. The Knaus collection of Coleoptera 263

DICKERSON and WEISS. The azalea lace-bug, Stcphanitis

pyrioides (ill.) 101

DICKERSON, E. L. (See also Weiss & Dickerson.)
DIETZ, W. G. Key to the North American species of the
tricolor group of the dipterous genus Tlpula, with de-
scriptions of four new species (ill.) 145

DOLLEY, W. L. The rate of locomotion of Vanessa antiopa
in different luminous intensities and its bearing on the

"continuous action theory" of orientation 83

DRAKE, C. J. Key to the nearctic species of Gargapliia

with the description of a new species 227

DUNN, L. H. A simple method of identifying the Anophe-
les mosquitoes of the Canal Zone 14

DUNLAP, K. A new biological journal 284

EMERTON, J. H. Spiders in the Adirondacks 59

FALL, H. C. A new genus and species of Buprestidae. ... 68

FELT, E. P. New Indian gall midges 73, 369

GIBSON, E. H. The genus Harmostes 439

A new species of Corytliuca from the Northwest 258

GIRAULT, A. A. New chalcid flies from Maryland. . . .20, 255
The North American species of Trigonoderus, females. 396
The occurrence of the genus Monobacus in No. Am...io6

GOE, W. T. Adult ( 'hrysopidae do eat 184

GREEN, J. W. A new Trlchodcs 367

INDEX 483

HAMPSON, G. F. The determination of generic types in
the Lepidoptera 463

HARRISON, J. W. H. Egg-masses of the vaporer moths
wanted I51

HASEMAN, L. Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis larvae as para-
sites of the human intestine 343

HEBARD, M. A new species of Myrmecophilous blattid

(ill.) 360

Notes on the earwigs of North America, north of the

Mexican boundary (ill.) 311

HESS, W. N. Origin and development of the photogenic

organs of Photuris pennsylvanica 304

HISER, O. F. and J. S. Erebus odora and its larvae in

Iowa 79

HOLLOWAY, T. E. Abundance of the fall web worm. . . .425

HOWARD, L. O. An active ant-killer 310

HUGUENIN, J. C. A new Catocala net (ill.) 71

HUNGERFORD, H. B. The egg-laying habits of a back-
swimmer, Biicnoa margaritacea, and other biological

notes concerning it (ill.) 174

The life history of the back-swimmer, Notonecta undu-

hita (ill.) 267

JOHANNSEN, O. A. Some North American Anthomyiidae . 323
KENNEDY, C. H. Notes on the penes of damselflies, No. 2.
The close relations inter sc of the Hawaiian Agrio-

nines (ill.) 9

Notes on the penes of Zygoptera. No. 3. The penes in

Nconciiro and related genera (ill.) 289

KNIGHT, H. H. New and noteworthy forms of North

American Miridae 3

New species of Lopidca (ill.) 455

LAURENT, P. Collecting insects by the aid of molasses

traps 8 1

Abundance of Sympctruui rubicundulum 47<j

LEONARD, M. D. (See Crosby & Leonard.)

LINDSAY, A. W. A list of the butterflies of Iowa 347

McDrxxouGH, J. R. Synonymic notes on North Ameri-
can Lepidoptera 232

484 INDEX

MCGREGOR, E. A. Three new Mallophaga from North

American birds (ill.) 433

METCALF, C. L. Two new Syrphidae from eastern North

America (fig. ) 209

MORSE, A. P. Review : Hebard's Blattidae of North

America 430

NEEDHAM, J. G. Notes on some recent studies of dragon-
fly wing tracheation 169

NEWCOMB, H. H. Emily L. Morton 97

QTTOLENGUI, R. The distribution and synonymy of Aitto-

grapha vaccinii 29

PARKER, R. R. Seasonal abundance of flies in Montana. .278
PARSHLEY, H. M. A species of Macrotracheliella found

in New England 37

PORTER, B. A. The host of Ablcrns clisiocauipac 186

REHN, J. A. G. On Coclophyllum simplex and certain of

its allies (ill.) 152

Some critical notes on the giant katydids forming the

group Steirodontia (ill.) 107

(See also Cresson and Rehn.)
REYNOLDS, L. R. (See Blaisdell and Reynolds.)

RICH, S. G. A further note on Zonoccrns clcc/an: 2

RIPLEY, L. B. Notes on the feeding habits of adult Chry-

sopidae 35

ROBERTSON, C. Feeding habits of adult Chrysopida :. . . .301

The generic bugbear 285

ROHWER, S. A. Two new species of Macrophy • 264

SEAMANS, H. L, A new species of Tropidia from Montana. 342
SHINJI, G. O. Mating habit of the cottony cushion scale. 162

New aphids from California ( ill.) 61

SKINNER, H. Anthocharis ycinttia and a new variet 138

Insects and war (editorial") 330

Lycaena lygdamus and its races with a description of a

new one 212

New species of Lepidoptera 328

Pupal differences in Megathymtts 232

Some synonymy in the IIcs|HTid;u- 82

INDEX 485

Review : Barnes & McDunnough's Check List of Lepi-

doptera of Boreal America 190

Review : The Lepidopterist 45

STEVENS, O. A. Preliminary list of North Dakota wasps

exclusive of Eumenidae 419

STILES, C. W. Notice to the zoological profession of a
possible suspension of the International rules of zoo-
logical nomenclature in the cases of Musca and Calli-

phora 231

STONER, D. A new species of Apatctlcus from Louisiana

(ill.) 462

TILLY ARD, R. J. Phylogeny of ant lions 42

DE LA TORRE BUENO, J. R. Life-history and habits of the

larger water-strider, Gcrris rcmigis 201

Life-history and habits of the margined water-strider

Gerris marginatus 295

Life-history of the northern microvelia — Microi'dia bo-
re alls (ill.) 354

New York Scoloposthethi (Lygaeidae: Heter.) 65

TUCKER, E. S. Outbreaks of the elegant looper (Pliil-

traca elcgantaria} on privet in Louisiana 394

VAN DUZEE, M. C. New North American species of

Dolichopodidae (ill.) 123

WARREN, J. C. Habits of some burrowing Scarabaeidae. .412
WEISS, H. B. Additions to insects of New Jersey, No. 5. .214

A correction in spelling Acythopeus 106

Some unusual orchid insects 24

(See also Dickerson and Weiss.)

WEISS and DICKERSON. Psyllla bu.vi in New Jersey.... 40
WKSTCOTT, O. S. Sex attraction overcome by light stim-
ulation 374

\VJLLIAMSUX, K. B. Correction of the specific name of a

dragonfly 8

Some species of Lcptagrion with descriptions of a new

genus and a new species (ill.) 241

WIRTNER, M. A new genus of Bothynotinae. Miridae .... 33
\VOLCOTT, G. N. Influence of rainfall on abundance of a
moth .161

486

INDEX

GENERAL SUBJECTS

Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia. (See En-
tomological Section.)

Additions to Insects of New
Jersey, No. 5 214

Aid in the Entomology of
New Jersey 122

American Entomological So-
ciety 45, 237, 383, 48o

Animal Life in the Katmai
District, Alaska 70

Animals, except man, attack-
ed by Insects 433

Apterygota, A phylogenetic
study (ill.) 298

Biological Journal, A new . . 284

British Columbia, Entomol-
ogy in 469

Butterfly Club in Los An-
geles 383

Collecting trip in Colombia,
E. B. Williamson's 230

Collections of the University
of Michigan, Entomologi-
cal 425

Collector's Exchange 233

Convocation week meetings,

77, 87, 468

Doings of Societies,

44, 87, 191, 237, 382, 431, 480

Emergency entomological

service 283, 331, 375, 47O

Entomological literature,

42, 83, 141, 187, 234, 286, 332,
377, 426, 471.

Entomological Section of the
Acad. Nat. Sci. . .47, 382, 431

Entomological Section, Lor-
quin Nat. Hist. Club 432

Entomological Society of No-
va Scotia 431

Entomological Workers of
Ohio 192

Entomology as a National de-
fense 229

Feldman Collecting Social,

94. 191, 239, 383
Florida Entomological Socie-
ty 432

Fossil insects. Advances in

knowledge of 80

Generic bugbear 285

History of Entomology 480

Insects and war 330

Insects attacking insects,

1 86, 203, 220, 258, 310, 368, 454
Johnson (O. B.) entomologi-
cal collection 41

Knaus collection of Coleop-

tera 263

Lack of entomologists 373

Lorquin Natural History
•Club (see Entomological
Section of)

Man, Insects that attack . . . 343
Medal awarded for entomo-
logical research 353

Michigan, Entomological col-
lections of the University
of ... .425
Molasses traps, Collecting in-
sects by the aid of 81

Myrmecophilous insects 360

National defense against and

by insects 283

National defense. Entomolo-
gy as a 229

Newark Entomological Socie-
ty 46, 96, 238

News for 1917 39

News for 1918 424

Ohio State University, The
new head of the department
of Zoology and Entomology 184
Orchid insects, Some unusual 24
Photographs received for the
album 128

INDEX

487

Phylogenetic study in some ap-
terygota and Pterygota

(ill.)

Physiographic divisions of

the U. S 303

Plants attacked by insects, 24, 35,
40, 62, 73, 79, 95, 129, 1 66, 174,
194, 215, 232, 238, 285, 371, 394.
425, 456.

Plants visited by insects, 258, 301,
414, 420.

Psychobiology 284

Pterygota, A phylogenetic study

of some 398

Questions and answers, 40, 78, 141
Return of animal life to the

Katmai district, Alaska . . 70
Specialization in entomology. 140
Summer work on insects .... 266
United States National Mu-
seum, Entomology at .... 55
War and insects 330

OBITUARY NOTICES.

Barrett, J. P 337

Briggs, C. A 337

Gibbs, A. E 338

Heidemann, O. (ill.) i

Johnson, O. B 338

LeConte, Helen G 384

Pickard-Cambridge, 0 384

Poppius, B. R 338

Rodriguez, J. J 335

Trimen, R 338

Waterhouse, C. 0 337

PERSONALS.

Barber, G. W 461

Ellis, M. M 266

Hallinen, J. E 461

Knaus, W 263

Morton, E. L 97

Parshley, H. M 461

Smith, M. R 461

Tillyard, R. J 353

Van Dyke, E. C 282

Williamson, E. B 32, 230

REVIEWS.

Aldrich : Sarcophaga and al-
lies in North America .... 86

B ar n e s & McDunnough :
Check List of Lepidoptera
of Boreal America 190

Hebard : Blattidae of North
America 430

Lepidopterist 45

Tillyard : Biology of Dragon-
flies 475

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBU-
TION.

Arachnida: Fla., 196*; La., 195*;
N. Y., 59*; Tex., 310; W. L,
194*; C. A., 197*.

Coleoptera : Cal., 49*, 69*, 129,
166, 224*, 383; Fla., 191; Ga.,
191; Kans., 412; Md., 94; N. J.,
25, 47, 94- 95, 96, 217, 383: N.
Hex., 46, 96; N. Y., 438; Oreg.,
225*; Penn., 82, 94; R. I., 383;
Tex., 191, 367*; Va., 240; Wash.,
221*.

Diptera: Can., 325; Cal., 126*;
146*, 341*, 417*; Col., 126, 150*;
Conn., 327; Idaho, 341*; Incl..
325; Me., 210*; Mass., 124*,
325*; Mich, i4cS*; Mo., 343;
Mont., 278, 342*; N. J., 25, 95,
220; N. Y., 149, 325; N. C, 149*,
210*; Ohio, 327; Penn., 95, 327;
C. Am., 14; S. Am., 341; India,
73*. 369*.

Hemiptera: Can., 67; Cal., 61*,
162, 228*, 445*; Col., 67, 447J
La., 462*; Mass., 38*, 68, 461*;
Md., 458*; Mo., 459*; N. J., 24.
40, 96, 101, 215, 238; N. Mex.,
447; N. Y., 5*, 65, 456*; Oreg.,
445; Penn., 34*; Tex., 6*. 445;

488

INDEX

Wash., 258*; Mex., 441; C. Am.,
441; S. Am., 443; China, 385.

Hymenoptera : 111., 397*; Md., 20*,
255*, 397*; Mich., 106*, 266;
Mo., 264*; Neb., 266; N. J., 47,
219; N. Y., 266; N. Dak., 419;
Va., 368*; W. Ind., 450*; Mex.,
363*; C. Am., 200*; S. Am.,
302*.

Lepidoptera : Can., 214; Alaska,
214; Cal., 214, 232, 328*;
Col.. 214; Fla., 480; Ga.,
438*; 111., 214; Iowa, 79, 347:
La., 394, 425; Md., 46, 238;
Minn., 214; Mont., 214; N. H.,
30; N. J., 25, 46, 94, 96, 183*,
219, 238; N. Mex., 239; Oreg.,
214; Penn., 47, 94, 191, 239, 240,
383; Tex., 339; Va., 212, 214,
329*; Wash., 213*; W. Va., 214;
Wise., 214; Cuba, 82.

Mallophaga: Minn., 436*; S. Dak.,
433*! Tex., 435*.

Neuroptera : Conn., 35; N. J.
215; Australia, 42.

Odonata: Fla., 383; N. J., 266;
Penn., 479, 480: C. Am., 260*,
480; S. Am., 244*.

Orthoptera: Can., 317; Cal., 238,
313; Ariz., 313; Del., 317; Fla,
312, 317*, 382; Ga., 313; La., 313:
Maine, 316; Mass., 316; Miss.,
313; N. J., 217, 312: N. Y.,
312; Penn., 46, 95, 316; R. I.,
316: Tex., 312; Va., 317; Wise.,
.U7: W. Ind., in, 156; Mex.,
360; C. Am., in, 156*, 361*; S.
Am., no, 154*; S. Africa, 2.

ARACHNIDA

Achclcs 197

Aclirondacks, Spiders in the 59
a n t II la r u m *, Tctranychus
(ill.) .... 194

Ant-killer, An active 310

apicalis, Tetranychina (ill.).. 195

Bryobia 196

Caligonus 197

celarius*, Stigmacopsis (111.) 196
Chortoglyphns (see graci-

lipes).

decepta*, Tctranobia (ill.).. 194
Eremobatcs (see magnus).

Eiitetranychus* 197

gracilipcs*, Chortoglyphus

(ill.) 199

Iphiopsis (see obesus).

latus*, Spclacorhynchus (ill.) 197

magnus, Eremobatcs 310

Mites, mostly economic, New 193

Neophyllobius 196

Notophalhis (see Z'iridis).

obesus*, Iphiopsis (ill."* 198

Oligonychus 197

Paratctranychi.s 197

Raphignathus 196

sacchari*, Tyroglyphus (ill.). igS

Schizotetranychns 197

Spclacorhynchus (see latus).
Stigmacopsis 11.15

(See also celarius.)

Stigmacus 197

Tcmiipalpus : . . . . 196

Tctranobia 194

(See also dcccpta.)
Tetranychina 195

(See also apicalis.)

Tetranychoides 197

Tetranychopsis 197

Tetranychus (see ant ilia nun).
Tyroglyphus (see sacchari).
riridis, Notophallus (ill.).... 193

COLEOPTERA

Acmacodora (see angelica,
hcpbuniii, acuta, connc.\'a,
labyriutliica, plagiaticcmda,
variesata, randvkci, inari-

INDEX

489

posa, dolorosa. hornii, gc-

itiina.
acnta, Acmacodera .......... i6/

Acypotheus (see orchivora).
Acythoj>eus, Correction in

spelling .................. 106

adjecta, Buprestis .......... 133

adultcrina, Elcodcs ......... 224

acncogaster, Anthaxia ...... 135

Agrilus (see politus, vittati-

collis, walsinghami, nei'a-

densis).
Amphcrcmns* .............. 68

(See also cylindricollis.)
angelica, Acmacodera ...... 166

angulicollis, Chalcophora . . . 129
Anthaxia (see acncogaster,

dcleta, sublaei'is) .
atropitrpurca, Melanophila . . 134
bicinctus*, Trichodcs ....... 367

Blcpharida rhois, Egg para-

site of ................... 36.1

Bradycinetus (see fossator).
Buprestidae, A new genus and

species of ................ 6J

Buprestidae of Northern Cali-

fornia, Notes on some .... 12}
Buprestis (see gibbsii, con-

nexa. laeviventris, rustico-

ntm, langii, lanta, conflu-

cns, adjecta).

Burrowing Scarabaeidac .... 412
Byturus unicolor. The egg of

(ill.) ..................... 43*

californica, Chrysobothris . . . 135
californica, Polyccsta ....... 166

Can-thon (see Iccontci).
carnifc.r, Phanacus ........ 412

cattleyac. Cliolus (ill.) ...... 2-!

caitrina, Chrysobothris ...... 135

Chalcophora (see angulicol-

Cliolus (see cattleyac).
Chrysobothris (see fcmorata.

contigua, dentipcs, califor-
nica, caurina, sylz'ania, mail,
pubesccns, dcleta, cyanclla.
prasina, monticolac, dolata,
pseudotsugae, laricis, ni.va,
viridicyanea) .

Chrysophana (see placida).
Collecting by the aid of mo-
lasses traps 81

confluens, Buprestis 133

connexa, Acmacodera 167

conncxa, Buprestis 131

consputa, Melanophila 133

contigua, Chrysobothris .... 135
cuprconitcns*, Omits (ill.),

49- 234

cyanclla, Chrysobothris 139

cylindricollis*, Ampheremus. 69

dcleta, Anthaxia 135

dcleta, Chrysobothris 139

dendrobii, Dia.rcncs 28

dentipcs, Chrysobothris 135

Diaxcncs (see dendrobii).
Diccrca (see prolongata, sex-
ulis, tcnebrosa, hornii, pec-
tcrosa).

difformis, Phanaeits 412

Diorymcllus (see lacrimarcjo).
dolata, Chrysobothris (ill.).. 136

dolorosa, Acmacodera 168

dniHunondi, Melanophila .... 134
Dytiscns as a destroyer of

mos(juito larvae 454

Egg of Byturus unicolor .... 438
Elcodcs (See maiiiii, -rariolosii.
adultcrina, hybrida, tritn,
papillosa).

Eleodiini, Studies in th • .... 221
Eucactophagus (see graphip-

terus).

fcmorata, Chrysobothris .... 135
ferrca, Poccilonata cyanipcs. 131

fossator, Bradycinetus 413

t/cinina, .•IciiHicodcru

490

INDEX

gcnti/is, J\I elanophila 134

yibbsii, Bnprcstis 131

graphipterus, Eucactophagus

(ill.) 25

Habits of some burrowing

Scarabaeidae 412

hepburnii, Acmaeodera 167

hornii, Acmaeodera 168

hornii, Dicerca 130

hybridal, Eleodes 225

Knaus collection of Coleop-

tera 263

labyrintliica, Acmaeodera . . . 167
laevimargo, Diorymellus (ill.) 27

lacrircntris, Buprcstis 132

langii, Buprcstis 132

laricis, Chrysobothris 138

latita, Buprcstis 133

Iccontci, Canthon 413

longipes, Melano'phila 133

mall, Chrysobothris 139

manni*, Elcodcs 221

mariposa, Acmaeodera 168

Melanophila (see consputa,

longipes, atropurpurca,

dntmmondi. gcntilis).
Molasses traps. Collecting by

the aid of 81

monticolae, Chrysobothris . . . 136

mormon, Strategics 413

ncbiilosa, TrachykcJc .... 131, 234

ncradcnsis, Agrilus 169

nimbosa, Trachykcle 234

ni.ra, Chrysobothris 138

Omus, A new 49

(See also cupreonitens.)

opulenta, Trachykcle 130

orchivora, Acypotheus (ill.). 26
Origin and development of

the photogenic organs of

Photuris 304

papillosa*, Elcodcs 226

pccterosa, Dicerca 130

Pennsylvania, Photuris 304

Phanaciis (see difformis, car-

nifc.v).

Photogenic organs of Photu-
ris pennsylvanica 304

Photuris pennsylvanica, Pho-
togenic organs of 304

placida, Chrysophana 166

plagiaticauda, Acmaeodera . . 167
Poecilonata (see fcrrea).

politus, Agrilus 168

Polycesta (see calif ornica).

prasina, Chrysobothris 139

prolongata, Dicerca 129

pseudotsugae, Chrysobothris.. 138
pubescens, Chrysobothris .... 139

rhois, Blepharida 368

rusticorum, Buprestis 132

Scarabaeidae, Habits of 412

Sex attraction overcome by

light stimulation 374

se.vulis, Dicerca i.-o

Stratcgus (see mormon}.
Studies in the tenebrionid

tribe Eleodiini, Xo. 2 221

siiblaei'is, Anthaxia 135

Sumac flea beetle 368

syh'ania, Chrysobothris 139

Tenebrionid tribe Eleodiini,

Studies in 221

tenebrosa, Dicerca 130

Trachykcle (see opulenta,

ncbulosa).
Trichodes (see bicinctus).

trita, Eleodes . . .' 225

unicolor, By turns 438

vandykci, Acmaeodera 167

variegata, Acmaeodera 167

rariolosa, Eleodes 223

viridity one a, Chrysobothris,.. 138

I'ittalicollis, Agrilus 169

walsinghami, Aijrilus 169

DIPTERA.

Abundance of flies. Seasonal 278
alh'niianus. .liiopliclcs 18

INDEX

491

alexandriana*, Tipnla (ill.).. 146
andropogonia*, Dyodiplosis . 371
Anopheles (see pseudopunc-
tipennis, eiseni, malefactor,
apiciinacula, argyritarsis,
albiinanus, tarsimaculata).
Anopheles of the Canal Zone. 14
Anthomyiidae, Some North

American 323

apicimacula, Anopheles 17

arcuatus*,Campsicnemus (ill.) 125

arcnatns, Syrphus 415

arelatc, Prosalpia 325

ari/yritarsis, Anopheles 18

aspidoptera, Tipnla 145

bella, Tipnla 146

calif ornica*, I'ipiza (ill.) .... 417
CaUlphora and Mitsca, Sus-
pension of rules in cases of 231

caloptera, Tipnla 146

Campsicnemus (Key to N.

Am. species) 124

(See also arcitatns, niyri-

pes).

carolinensis*. Cln.vla (ill.)... 209
cattle vac, Parallclodiplosis

(ill.) 25

Ceropsilopa* 340

Cheilosia (see occidentalis).
Cin.via (see carolinensis).
clcoae*, Sphacrophoria (ill.) 210

comanchc, Tipnla 145

conspicua*, Tipnla (ill.) .... 149

cooleyi*, Tropidia 342

cornea*, Pscndhormomyia . . 76
Destruction of the house fly. 231
Dialyta (see flavltlbia).
Dolichopodidae, New North
American species of (ill.).. 123

ilomestica, Musca 231

Dyodiplosis (see andropogo-
n in ) .

ciscni, . Inophclcs 17

clnta, Tipnla 146

Ephydridae, Descriptions of

new genera and species of 340
erythrocera, Lispoccphala

I'crna 326

flavitibia, Dialyta 327

Flies, Seasonal ahundance of 278

fluitans*, Lasioptcra 73

fluvialis*, Pseudhormomyia ...74

fratcrna, Tipnla 146

fnh'olincata. Tipnla 145

Gall midges, New Indian. 73, 369
haemorrhoidalis, Sarcophaga. 343
Hammcmyia (see f>nliidis).
Hormomyia (see ischaeml).
House fly, Destruction of... 231
PI yd re Ilia (see tibialis).
hydrophilns, Liancalns (ill.) . 127
Identifying Anopheles of the

Canal Zone 14

Indian gall midges .... 73. 369

ischacnii*, Honnoniynt 369

Lasioptera (see flnituns).
Liancalns (Key to N. Am.

species) u<">

(See also hydro pliilns, liin-

batus) .

limbatns*, Liancalns (ill.)... 127
Limnophora (see torreyac).

Lispocephala 326

(See also I'erna, erythro-
cera, pallipalpis).

malefactor. Anopheles 17

Mesorharia (Key to N. Am.

species) 123

(See also varipcs, nigripcs).
Mosquito larvae, Dytiscus as

a destroyer of 454

Mnsca and Calliphora, Sus-
pension of rules in cases of 231
Mydaea (see ficctinata).

nasitta*, Ceropsilopa 341

nigricans, Pliaonia 327

n'ujripes*, Canipsicuemns ( ill. ) u>
nigripcs. Mcs<>rhaya 124

492

INDEX

Notice of a possible suspen-
sion of rules of zoological
nomenclature in cases of
^lusca and Calliphora 231

occidentals, Cheilosia 415

pallipalpis, Lispoccphala alma 326

paludis*, Hammomyia 323

Parallelodiplosis (see cattlc-
yac).

Parasites of the human intes-
tine 343

pectinata, Alydaca 326

Pliannia (see nigricans).

Pipiza from California 414

(See also calif arnica) .

I 'rosalpia 325

(See also arclatc, silrcstris).

Psendhormomyia (see fluvia-
lis, cornea).

pseudopu-nctipennis, Anophe-
les 16

Sarcophaga hacmorrhoidalis
larvae as parasites of the
human intestine 343

Scatophila (see varidbilis).

Seasonal abundance of flies in
Montana 278

Scricomyia (see Cinxid).

silrcstris, Prosalpia 325

Sphaerophoria (see clcoac).

strcpcus, Tipula 146

siibcluta, Tipula 146

Suspension of the Interna-
tional rules of zoological
nomenclature 231

Syrphidae from eastern North
America 209

Syrphidae in California and
a new Pipiza 414

Syrphus (see arcuatus).

tarsiinaculata. Anopheles .... 18

tibialis*, Hydrellia 341

Tipula (see fulvolineata, ale-
.randriana, vicina, aspidop-

tcra, comanche, bclla, subc-
luta, caloptcra, strcpcns,
conspicua, eluta, .vanthostig-
ma, fratcrna, tricolor, vi-
trca).

Tipula, Key to the N. A. spe-
cies of the tricolor group.. 145

torrcyac, Limnophora 326

Tricolor group of the genus
Tipula, Key to the species of 145

tricolor, Tipula 146

Tropidia, New species from

Montana 34-

I'ariabilis*, Scatophila 341

varipcs*, Mcsorhaga 123

rerna, Lispoccphala 326

I'icina*, Tipula (ill.) 148

ritrca, Tipula 146

vomitoria, Calliphora 231

xanthostigma*, Tipula (ill.).. 150

HEMIPTERA

affinis, Harmostcs 442

affinis, Scolopostcthus 68

albcsccns*, Gargaphia 22S

angulata, Gargaphia 227

Apatcticus, A new species

from Louisiana (ill.) 462

Aphids from California, New 61

apicatus, Harmostcs 444

atlanticus, Scolopostcthus . . . (>/
Azalea lace-bug, Stcphanitis

pyrioidcs (ill.) i«i

Backswimmers (see Voio-
necta).

bicolor, Harmostes 447

bicolor, Teiithccoris (ill.)... 24

borealis, Microvclia 354

Bothynotinae, A new genus of 33
Huciioa margaritacea, and oth-
er 1)iological notes concern-
ing it (ill.) 174

(See also platycncmis. clc-
gans).

INDEX

493

bii.vi, Psyllia 40

calif ornicnsis*, Thomasia (ill.) 61

Chinese gall (ill.) 385

chincnsis, Mclaphis (ill.) ... 391
Clivinema (see regalis).
Corythuca, New species of.. 258

(See also pura.)
Cottony cushion scale, Mating

habit of 162

croccus*, Harmostcs 445

diirisi*, Largidca 7

tlin'isi*. Lopidca (ill.) 45$

diffidcns, Scolopostethus .... 67

dorsalis, Harmostcs 439

Egg-laying habits of a back-
swimmer 174

elegans, lincnoa 176

cssitji*, Myzocalis 62

formnsus, Harmostcs 442

fraterenlits, Harmostcs 444

C,all, Chinese (ill.) 385

Gargaphia, Key to species . . 227
(See also albcseens, solani,
angulata, tiliac, opacula,
iridesccns.)

Ccrris marginatus, Life his-
tory and habits of 295

(See also rcmigis.)
Habits and life-history of

Gerris rcinigis 201

Habits of Gerris inarginatus 295

Jfarmostes. The genus 439

(See also dorsalis, ticlntl/)-
sus, formosits. affinis.pro-
li.vits, proccnis, apicatns.
scrratus, fratcrculus, sub-
rnfits, croceus, marmora-
tus, raphimcrus, bicolur,
rcflc.rnlus, minor, obli-
quus.)
hcidcmainii*, Lopidca (ill.) . . 456

hvtiliiius, Myzocalis 64

Iccrya (see pnrchasi}.

iridcsccns. Gargaphia 228

l.aryidca (sec davisi).

Life-history and habits of the
larger waterstrider, Gerris

rciniyis 201

Life history of Gerris mar/ji-

natus 2j5

Life history of M icro; clia bo-

realis (ill.) 354

Life history of Notonccta itn-

dnlata 267

Lopidca, New species of 455

ludoincianus*,Apateticus (ill.) 4»2
Macrotracheliella found in
New England, A species of 37
(See also nigra.)
margaritacea, Bitenoa (ill.).. 174

ninri/inatiis, Gerris 295

Margined water strider (see

Gerris marginatus) .
tiiannoratns, Harjitostes .... 44^
Mating habit of the cottony

cushion scale H>-

Melaphis (see chineusis).
Micr/rrelia borealis. Life his-
tory (ill.) 354

minor, Harmostes 448

Miridae, New and noteworthy

forms of 3

inodestiis*. Neobothynotus . . 34
Myzocalis (see cssigi, zcood-

^•:>rtJii, hyalinus).
Xearctic species of Garga-
phia, Key to the species. . . . _'_7

iielntlosns, I laruitistes 441

\'eol>otliynotits* 33

( See also modcstus.)
nigra*, Macrotracheliella .... 3*

ni>etnans. Scricoplianes 4

Notonccta iindnlatu. Life his-
tory of 267

Xotonecta (see unditlala).

ohl'ii/uiis, Ifarnii'stes 44^

occllatus. Serieophanes 3

apaciila. Gargapliia _'_'7

pietns, Scolopostethus 68

platycneinis, I'ntenoa 176

494

INDEX

Pica (see striola).

proccrus, Harmostes 443

prolixus, Harmostes 443

Psyllia buxi in New Jersey.. 40

['lira*, Corythnca 258

purchasi, Iccrya 162

pyrioidcs, Stcphanitis (ill.) . . 101

raphimcrus, Harmostes 446

rcflc.vulits, Harmostes 447

regalis*, Clh'incma 5

remigis, Gerris 201

re uteri*, Lopidca (ill.) 459

salicis*, Lopidea (ill.) 457

sanguined*, Lopidca staphy-

leae 461

Scolopostethi, New York .... 65

Scolopostcthus 65

(See also thomsoni, atlanti-
cus, diffidcns, pictus, af-
finis.)

Scricophancs (see occllatus,
noctuans).

serratus, Harmostes 444

solani, Gargaphia 227

staphyleae*, Lopidca (ill.) . . . 460
Stephanitis (see pyrioides).

striola, Plea 176

subrufus, Harmostes 445

Tcnthecoris (see bicolor).
Thomasia (see calif ornicnsis).

thomsoni, Scolopostethus ... 67

tiliae, Gargaphia 227

undulata, Notonecta (ill.). 176, 267
Water strider (Gerris remi-
gis), Life history and hab-
its 201

woodzvorthi*, Myzocalis (ill.) 63

HYMENOPTERA

Ablcrus clisiocampae, Host of iSt
Achrysocharis (see divina).

acgeriae, Trigonoderus 396

algonquinia*, Trigonoderus . . 396

Ants vs. men 185

Aprostocctits (see marilandi-

cus).
argenticoxa*. Spalangiolaelaps 23

Bees from Costa Rica 200

biguttus*, Eupclmits 256

Blattotetrastichus 257

Carlyleia* 20

(See also marilandica) .
Chalcid flies from Maryland., ^o

Chalcid flies, New 255

Chrysocharomyia (see ele-
ganta).

clisiocampae, Ablcrus iS6

Cocoon of Praon, Construc-
tion of 3<J4

Collctis with spotted wings.. 06j

conicits*, Trigonoderus 397

Construction of the cocoon of

Praon 364

conura*, Epicharis 200

crcwjfordi*, Psaenythia thora-

cica 30-

divina*, Achrysocharis 22

Egg parasite of the sumac flea

beetle 368

Eiphosoma, New West Indian 450
elcganta*, Chrysocharomyia... 21
Epicharis (see phenacnra, co-
nura).
Epomphaloidcs (see ischnop-

terae).

Eupclmus (see biguttus).
haitiensc*. Eiphosoma (ill.)- 453

hegeli*, Monobacus 106

Host of Ablcrus clisiocampae 186
Ichneumonid genus Eiphoso-
ma. New species of 450

ischnoptcrae*, Epomphaloides 257
iuinaicense*, Eiphosoma (ill.) 451
List of North Dakota wasps

exclusive of Eumenidae . . 419
lutcitni*. Eiphosoma (ill.) ... 450
Macro-phya, Two new species

of ..." 2(14

(See also rani, siniilUma).

INDEX

495

tnarilandica*, Carlyleia 20

marilandicus*, Aprostocctus. . 21
marilandicus*, Sceptrophorus. 256
mediogutta*, Neomphaloidella 255
Miscogastcr (see ungutta).
Monobaeus in No. America.. 106
Neomphaloidella (see medio-
gutta).

nonstylatus* , Trigonoderus.. . 397
ovipransus*, Tetrastich-its (ill.) 368
pachycephala*, Psacnytliia . . . 302

phenacura*, Epicharis 200

Praon, Cocoon of 364

Psaenythia (see pachycephala,
crawfordi).

rani*, Macrophya 264

Sceptrophorus (see marilandi-
cus).

simillima*, Macrophya 265

Spalangiolaelaps* 22

(See also argcntico.ra).

spiloptera*, Collctis 363

Tetrastichus (see oripransus).
Trigonodcrus, North Ameri-
can species of 396

unt/utta*, Miscogaster 23

itnguttus*, Trigonoderus .... 396

Wasps of North Dakota 419

West Indian species of Ei-
phosoma 450

LEPIDOPTERA

Abundance of the Fall web

worm 425

Acronycta, A new species of 183

afra, Lycaena 213

amcricana, Malacosoma 186

Animomyia 233

Anthocharis yemitia and a

new variety 438

(See also flarida).

(intinpa, Vanessa 83

Argynnis (see calif arnica),
arida*, Mclitaca 328

Autographa (see oliracea,

I'accinii) .

bachmani, Libythea 339

badia, Orgyia 151

bchri, Lycaena 213

calif arnica*, Argynnis 328

callidus, Thanaos 232

Castnia (see the rap on).

Catocala net, A new 71

Ccrapoda (see oblita).

Clouds of butterflies 393

cofaqui, Mcgathymus 232

Columbia*, Lycaena lygdaiiius 2J3

couperi, Lycaena 213

Determination of generic

types 463

Diatraea (see saccharalis).
Distribution of Autographa

vaccinii 29

Egg-masses of the vaporer

moths wanted 151

Elegant looper (see Philtraea).

clegantaria, Philtraea 394

Erebus odora and its larvae

in Iowa 79

Erythroecia (see hcbardi).

Fall web worm 425

flarida*, Anthocharis 438

genutia, Anthocharis 438

Graefia 233

hebardi*, Erythroecia 329

Hesperidae, Some synonymy

in 82

Hyphantria (see te.vtor).
Larvae of Erebus odora in

Iowa 79

Lib\thca bachmani. Swarms

of (ill.) 339

List of the butterflies of Iowa 347

Locomotion of I'ancssa in
different luminous intensi-
ties 83

Lycaena lyi/dnnius and its
races with description of a
new one 212

496

INDEX

(See also bchri, oro, cou-
pcri, afra, Columbia).

lygdamus, Lycacna 212

J\Ialacosoina (see americana).
Mcyathymiis, Pupal differ-
ences in 232

(See also yucca, cofaqui,

stephensi.)

Melitaea (see arida).
Net, A new Catocala (ill.) . . 71
Notolophus (see Orgyia).

oblita, Cerapoda 233

odora, Erebus 75

olii'acea*, Autographa 329

Orgyia (see vctusta, badia).

oro, Lycaena 213

Outbreak of Philtraca ele-
gantaria on privet in Loui-
siana 394

Philtraea elcgantaria on privet 394

polyphcmus, Tclca 374

Pupal differences in Megathy-

mus 232

Rainfall on abundance of a

moth, Influence of 16

saccharalis, Diatraea 16:

Sex attraction overcome by

light stimulation 374

Southwestern States, Data
wanted on material from.. 122

Stephens!, Mcgathymiis 232

Swarms of butterflies (ill.) . . 335
Synonymic notes on North

American L 23:

Synonymy in the Hesperidae. 82
Synonymy of Autographa vac-

cinii , 29

Tclca (see polyphcmus}.

tcxtor, Hyphantria 425

Thanaos (see callidus).

therapon, Castnia 2[

Types, Determination of ge-
neric 463

vaccinii, Autographa 29

Vanessa antiopa, Locomotion
of 83

•rctusta, Orgyia 151

•i^auda*. Acronycta 183

yucca, Mcgathymiis . . . .' 232

MALLOPHAGA

Birds, New Mallophaga from 433
Goniodes (see zenaidurae).
intermedium*, Laemobotliriuin

(ill.) ... ..434

Laemobothrium (see interme-
dium}.

Mallophaga from North
American birds 433

melospizac*, Physostomum
(ill.) 436

Physostomum (see mclospi-
zac).

zenaidurae* , Goniodes (ill.).. 433

NEUROPTERA

Ant lions, Phylogeny of 42

Chrysopidae do eat, Adult.. 184
Chrysopidae, Feeding habits

of 35. 301

Feeding habits of Chrysopi-
dae 35- 301

Phylogeny of ant lions 42

ODONATA

Abundance of Sympetrum

rubicundulum 479

Acolagrion* 242

(See also dorsalc, flaininc-

um, dcmararnm.~)
Agrionines, Relations of the

Hawaiian (ill.) 9

andromachc, Lcptagrion (ill.) 243
apicalis, Caloptcry.i- dimidiata 266
byrsonima, Mctalcptobasis .. 8
Caloptcry.v (see apicalis).
Ccrcion, Drawings of the

penes of (ill.) 14

Cocnagrion, Drawings of the

penes of (ill.) 14

INDEX

497

Cora, A new genus allied to 259
Correction of specific name of

a dragonfly 8

Costa Rican Odonata, Studies

on 259

croccum, Lcptagrion (ill.) .. 241
dcinararum*, Acolagrion (ill.) 244
dispar, Leptagrion (ill.) .... 243
dorsale, Acolagrion (ill.).-... 248
elongatum, Lcptagrion (ill.). 243
flammeum, Acolagrion (ill.) 250

gigantca, Thore 263

Lcptagrion, Some species of. 241

(See also macntrum, elon-
gatum, andromache, por-
rectum, dispar, croccum.)
macrnntin, Lcptagrion (ill.). 242
Megalagrion, Drawings of the

penes of 12

Mctalcptobasis (see byrsoni-

ma).
Miocora* 259

(See also peraltica.)
Neoneura and related genera,

Penes in (ill.) 289

Penes in Neoneura (ill.) .... 289
Penes of damselflies, Notes on

(ill.) 9

Penes of Zygoptera, Notes on

(ill.) 289

peraltica*, Miocora (ill.) ... 260

Polythore* 263

pnrrcctntn, Leptagrion (ill.). 243

riibiciiiitlitlion, Syinpctntm .. 479

Thore 263

Tracheation, Studies of wing 169
Wing tracheation, Notes on

some recent studies of 169

Zygoptera, Notes on penes of

(ill.) 289

ORTHOPTERA

aculeatum, liom 322

iiiciDJi*, Codophyllinn
(ill.) 154

.•Inisolabis (see maritima).

aninilipcs. Euborcllia 312

apicedentatus, Spongovostox.. 315

arachidis, Prolabia 320

auricularia, Forficula 323

bidens, Labidura 313

bilobata, Stcirodonopis (ill.). 120

Blatticl, New species of 36;;

brunneipennis, J'ostox 314

campodciformis, Grylloblatta. 401

championi. Pcitccstcs 115

Chelisdchcs (see morio).

citrifolius, Fosidippus 117

Cnemidophyllum* 118

(See also lincatnm.)
Coclophyllinn simplex and

certain of its allies 152

(See also amasonicum, crc-
niilatnm, costaricense, pe-
rni'ianum. simplex.)
costaricense*, Cocloph \lliim

(ill.) ' 156

couloniana. Stilpnochlora (ill.) ill
crcniilatuui, Coelophyllum ... 156
Critical notes on the group

Steirodontia (ill.) 107

curricanda, Labia 319

darisi, Dorn 322

dcgccrii, Frontinus (ill.) .... 119

dentatus, Pencestcs 115

Dermaptera of North Amer-
ica, Notes on 311

Doru (see lincare, acnlea-

t it in. dirrisi).
Karwigs of North America,

Notes on 311

clctHins. y.onoccrus 2

Buborellia (see anriulipes).
l:nrfu'ul(i ( -ifi- auricularia).

I'roiiliinis IIQ

(See also degeerii.)
(,'rylloblatta (see campodci-
rmis).

493

INDEX

Katydids forming the group

Steirodontia (ill.) 107

Labia (see minor, rchni, ciir-

vicaiida).

Labidnra (see bidcns).
hiiirifolium, Stilpnochlora

(ill.) 112

lincarc, Doru 321

lineal tun*, Cncmidophyllum

(ill.) H9

marginella, Stilpnochlora (ill.) no

tnaritiina, Anisolabis 312

minor, Labia 3ID

morio, Chelisoches 321

Mynnccoblatta (see whceleri).
Myrmecophilous blattid, New

species of 36°

Pandictyoptera 408

Panorthoptera 4°9

Panplecoptera 4°8

peruriaiutm*, Coclophyllum

(ill.) 159

Pcucestes (see striolatus, den-

tahis, championi).

Posidip pits 116

(See also citrifolins. TVI/I-

dus.)
Prolabia (see pnlchclla, ara-

chidis, nnidcnlata).

pulchclla, Prolabia (ill.) 3^9

quadrata, Stilpnochlora (ill.), m

rchni*, Labia (ill.) 317

simplex, Coclophyllum 160

Steirodon 114

Stcirodonopis 112

(See also bilobata.)
Spongorosto.v (see apiccden-

tatus).
Stilpnochlora (see also j»t/;--

ginella, quadrata. coiilo-ni-

ana, laurifolium).

Stilpnochlora 107

striolatus, Peuccstes 114

unidcntata, Prolabia (ill.) .. 3^

validus, Posidippns 1 18

Vostox (see brniineipennis).
tuhecleri*, Myrmecoblatta

(ill.) 36o

Zonocerus clcgans. Note on.. 2

EXCHANQES.

This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for
advertisements of goods for sale. Notices not exceed-
ing three lines free to subscribers.

These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new-
ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top
(being longest in) are discontinued.

Limited number of specimens of Dinapate wriglitii to exchange for
most advantageous trade in Tribe Julodini (Sternocera preferred) or
Acmaeodera of Buprestidae. Trades must be good. First come, first
served. — RICHARD T. GARNETT, 3600 Broadway, Oakland, California.

I have to offer in exchange Oreta rosea and var. fresh from pupae,
also live pupae of Papilio astcrias. — FRANK G. SLENTHER, 1705 N. Fre-
mont St., Chicago, 111.

Wanted for cash or exchange. — Buprestidae and Cerambycidae
new to my collection. — J. N. Knull, Hummelstown, Pa.

Wanted. — Beetles from all parts of North America in exchange
for Illinois and Indiana beetles. — Carl Selinger, 1338 South 50th
Avenue, Cicero, Illinois.

Duplicate Rhopalocera from Japan and Formosa. Desiderata—
Those from the world. — S. Satake, No. 48 Aoyamaminamimachi 5
chome Tokyo, Japan.

Cicindelidae Wanted — I wish to obtain for purposes of study,
Cicindelas, "tiger beetles," from the Southern and Gulf States. Cor-
respondence desired. — Edwin E. Calder, Longmeadow, R. I.

RECENT LITERATURE

FOR SALE BY

THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Please check the items you desire of this list and return it
with your remittance.

DECEMBER, 1917.
HYMENOPTERA.

2065. — Crosby & Leonard. — An egg parasite of the sumac flea

beetle. [1 new]. (Ent. News, 28, 368, '17) 10

2076.— Cockerell (T. D. A.).— A second Colletes with spotted

wings. (Ent. News, 28, 363, '17) 10

2068. — Girault (A. A.). — The North American species of Trigo-
noderus, females. [4 new]. (Ent. News, 28, 396-3U7,
'17) 10

769. — Viereck (H. L.). — New species of North American bees
of the genus Andrena in the collection of the Academy
of Natural Sciences, Phila. [28 new]. (43, 365-407,

'17) <••:>

DIPTERA.

2069. — Davidson (W. M.). — Early spring Syrphidae in Califor-
nia and a new Pipiza. (Ent. News, 28, 414-419, ill. '17) .14

ORTHOPTERA.

767. — Hebard (M.). — The Blattidae of North America, north
of the Mexican Boundary. [5 n. gen., 7 n. sps ]. (Mem.
2, 284 pp., 10 pis., '17) 4.50

766. — Hebard (M.). — A contribution to the knowledge of the
Dermaptera of Panama. [5 n. g., 6 n. sps.]. (43, 301-
334, 1 pi., '17) 54

768. — Rehn (J. A. G.). — On Orthoptera from the vicinity of
Rio de Janeiro, Bra/il. fl n. g., :', n sps.]. (43, -:;:,-
36?,, l pi., '17) »:.'

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA

CARABIDAE Vol. I, No. 3 CARABIDAE

PRICE $1.00 CONTENTS PRICE $1.00

Leistus

ferrugineus Linn.
Elaphrus

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Broscosorua

baldense Putz.
Bembidium

fasciolatum Duft.

articulatum Gyll.
Cillenus

lateralis Sam.
Thalassophilus

longicornis Slurm.
Trechus

discus Fabr.
Anophthalmus

hirtus Sturm.

v. rostratus Mots.
Pterostichus

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cupreus Linn.

Pterostichus
infuscatus Dej.
puncticollis Dej.
crenatus Dej.
barbarus Dej.
carbonicolor Sols.
macer Marsh.
aterrimus Hrbst.
elongatus Duft.
oblongopunctatus Fabr.
angustatus Duft.
melanoscelis Chaud.
niger Schall.
vulgar is Linn.
nigritus Fabr.
minor Gyll.
interstinctus Sturm.
negligens Sturm.
subsinuatus Dej.
brevis Duft.
caspius Men.
cognatus Dej.
aethiops Panz.

Pterostichus

globosus Fabr.

cylindricus Hrbst.

melas Creutz.
Abax

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Amara

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HOWARD NOTMAN

ISO Joralemon St., Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A.

C C\ D C A I C Historical collection of over 1000 North American moths
1 >-'*•> «Jr\L.L jn over 350 species and mostly Noctuidae, no Catocalae
nor Geometridae ; all identified and with locality labels. The identifications
were made by A. Grote, Wm. and Hy. Edwards." Price $80.00 and transpor-
tation expenses. For further items write to

NEW ENGLAND ENTOMOLOGICAL COMPANY
366 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, Mass.

EXCHANGES.

This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for
advertisements of goods for sale. Notices not exceed-
ing three lines free to subscribers.

These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new
ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top
(being longest in) are discontinued

Diurnal Lepidoptera — Many rarities of North America to offer in
exchange. Send lists of offerta to (Dr.) John A. Comstock, 1275
Bellevue Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.

For Exchange — Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Dip-
tera, both native and exotic, named and undetermined. Also have
Riker mounts and glass covered display cases to dispose of for
specimens. — Harry L. Johnson, South Meriden, Conn.

For Exchange — First-class insects in mounts or pinned. Life
histories, pairs or singles, for U. S. Dept. or old issue stamps. — E.
F. Hitchings, Orono, Maine.

Wanted — Live healthy pupae of Papilio ajax, eurymedon, Endamns
tityrus and Psychomorpha epimenis. — Ward's Natural Science Estab-
lishment, 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y.

Native and Exotic Butterflies and Moths to exchange — Send
lists to Joseph H. Reading, 1456 N. Rockwell St., Chicago.

For Exchange — Small collection of Hymenoptera (undetermined)
for native or exotic Coleoptera. E. D. Quirsfeld, 42 Hudson Ave-
nue, Union Hill, N. J.

For Exchange — Many species of Catocala, some rare ones. We
would like in return any species that will add to our collection;
also other moths and butterflies. Entomological Dept., Acad. Nat-
ural Sciences of Phila., Logan Square, Phila., Penna.

Wanted — Hesperiidae from all parts of North America. Will
pay cash or exchange Iowa insects. A. W. Lindsey, 112 E. Bloom-
ington St., Iowa City, la.

For Exchange — Duplicate Rhopalocera from Japan and Formosa;
Desiderata; butterflies of the world. S. Satake, No. 48 Aoyama-
minamimachi 5-chome, Akasakaku, Tokyo, Japan.

Any Group or order of insects collected this summer for Bupre-
stidae and Longicorns from N. A. or for exotic Buprcstidae. De-
sire to get in touch with interested parties. Alan Nicolay, 41 fa
Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED — Papers published since- 1894 and containing refer-
ences to American Coleoptera, by Bernhauer, Grouvelle, Lesne,
Leveille, Lewis, Pic, Otto Sclnvarz, Wasmann or other foreign
authors. Will pay cash or ^ivc in exchange papers by American
authors that I have in duplicate. — C. W. Leng, 33 Murray St..
Xc\v York City.

PAPILIOS FROM THE JAINTIA HILLS, ASSAM

P. agenorcf $ .12 P. bootes . $1.12

v. alcanor ? 1.50 P. ascion 12

v. distantianus ? 1.50 P. evan .62

All fresh perfect specimens in papers ; any single specimen can be sent at price stated, or, I
will mail, post free, all six Papilios on receipt of money order 52.00.

Ernest Swinhoe, 4 Guntcrstone Rd., West Kensington, London, England

RECENT ENTOMOLOGICAL LITERATURE FOR SALE

The American Entomological Society, 1900 Race St., Phila., Pa., U. S. A.

Check title desired and send this notice with remittance. A
discount of 10 per cent, will be allowed if remittance is made within
30 days of date below. Those having a credit of deposit will bt
given a discount of 20 per cent. Orders totalling less than 10 cents
will not be filled.

Please make payments on U. S., or Canadian, Post Offices, or Banks. Amounts
under $1.00 accepted in U. S. Postage. Currency at sender's risk.

APRIL I, 1917.

COLEOPTERA.

760.— Fall (H. C.).— Short studies in the Malachiidae [24 n.

sps.L (43, 67-88, '17) 34

DIPTERA.

2046. — Van Duzee (M. C.). — New North American species of
Dolichopodidae [4 new]. (Ent. News, xxviii, 123-
128. '17) 10

HYMENOPTERA.

2044. — Girault (A. A.). — The occurrence of the genus Mono-
baeus in North America [l n. sp.L (Ent. News,
xxviii, 106, '17) 05

ORTHOPTERA.

2045. — Rehn (J. A. G.). — Some critical notes on the giant
katydids forming the group Steirodontia. (Ent. News,
xxviii, 107-122, 1 pi., '17) If.

UTAH MOTHS

Catocalae and Catocala Ova Lists upon Application

TOM SPALDING, R. F. D. NO. i, BOX 274, Provo, Utah.
1000 PIN-LABELS, 25 CENTS! All Alike on a Strip.

Smallest Type. Pure White Ledger Paper. Not Over 4 Lines or 30 Characters (13 to a Line).
Additional characters 1c. each, per Line, per 1000, Trimmed.

C. V. BLACKBURN, I 2 Pine St., STONEHAM, MASS.. U. S. A.

EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA

LARGE CATALOGUE (60 PAGES), POST FREE

ERNEST SWINHOE

4 Gimterstone Road, West Kensington, London, England

INDO-MALAYAN LEPIDOPTERA.

100 Named, Perfect Specimens, in papers, in 40
or more different species. $4.00 post free.

ERNEST SWINHOE

4 Gunterstone Road, West Kensington, London, England

ENTOMOLOGICAL
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS

FOR SALE BY

JOHN D. SHERMAN, JR.

24 CLAREMONT AVENUE

MOUNT VERNON, N. Y.
CATALOGUE No. 3. 82 PAGES, SENT ON APPLICATION

SPECIAL OFFER
SCUDDER'S BUTTERFLIES

OF

EASTERN UNITED STATES AND CANADA

2000 pages, 4to, with 96 plates (22 in color) and maps, illus-
trating the butterflies in all stages from the egg to the imago,
with structural details : also, their geographical distribution
and insect parasites.

This invaluable and exhaustive work should be in every
entomological library.

Price, in sheets, clean and new, $20.00,

Or beautifully bound to suit, binding done at cost price.

Complete Libraries relating to Entomology and Ornithology purchased, also

Duplicate Books and Pamphlets, Author's Separates,

Scientific Journals, etc.

Immediate Cash Payments

GET QUICK RESULTS.

Advertise ova, pupae, etc., in the Collectors' Exchange. Jc. per word. "Weekly.

Ads of Breeding Material received up to Wednesday night, issued the following Monday.
Names of Collectors and Specialists wanted for the CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY.

S. C. CARPENTER, HARTFORD, CONN.

DIURNALS IN PAPERS (un-named) from Uganda, Africa, including
several species of Pieridae, Acraeidae, Nymphaiidae, etc., 100 (about 50
species), $2.50; 2nd quality, $1.25 — mailed free. Many good works on
Entomology and Ornithology. Lists from A. FORD, 36 Irving Road,
Bournemouth, England.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA

CARABIDAE Vol. I, No. 2 CARABIDAE

PRICE $1.00 CONTENTS PRICE $1.00

Calosoma

inquisitor Linn.
Callisthenes

elegans Kirsch.
Carabus

hungaricus Fabr.

v. viennensis Kr.

violaceus Linn.

galicianus Gory.

rugosus Fabr.

v. baeticus Deyr.

ullr chii Germ.

v. snperbus Kr.

kollarii Pall.

striatulus Gehin.

lindemannii Ball.

bofdanowii Ball.

v turkestanicus Heyd.

stschurovskyi Solsky.

linneii Panz.

cribratus Quens.

glibrafus Payk.
Eurynebria

complanata Linn.
Nebria

picicornis Fabr.

tatrica Mill.

Pelophila

borealis Payk.
Blethisa

multipunctata Linn.
Scarites

laevigatus Linn.
Brosctis

cephalotes Linn.
Craspedonotus

tibialis Schaum.
Deltomerus

tatricus Mill.
Chlaenius

spoliatus Rossi.

ve stilus Payk.

festivus Fabr.
Licinus

silphoides Rossi.
Siagona

europaea Hej.
Graphipterus

rotundatus King.
Anthia

sexmaculata Fabr.
Acinnpus

picipes Oliv.
Aristus

capita Dej.

Ditomus

datna Rossi^
Pachycarus

caeruleus Brulle.

brevipennis Chaud.
Penthus

tenebroides VValtl.
Liochirus

cycloderus Solsky.
Scybalicus

oblongiusculus Dej .
Ophonus

cephalotes Fairm.
Gynandromorphus

etruscus Quens.
Diachromus

germanus Linn.
Pseudophoints

pub esc ens Mull.

hospes Sturm.
Pardilens

calceatus Duft.
Harpalus

namanganensis Heyd.

aeneus F;ibr.

psittacinits Four.

dimidiatns Rossi.

serripes Quens.

Accurate Enlarged Pen Drawings, Uniform in Size,
One to a Page, 8vo.

Coleoptera Illustrata will be mailed upon receipt of price.

HOWARD NOTMAN,
ISO Joralemoii St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

The Celebrated Original Dust and Pest-Proof

METAL CABINETS

FOR SCHMITT BOXES

These cabinets have a. specially constructed groove or trough around tin- front,
lined with a material of our own design, which is adjustable to the pressure of the front
cover. The cover, when in place, is made fast by spring wire locks or clasps. causing a
constant pressure on the lining in the groove. The, cabinet, in addition to being abso-
lutely dust, moth and dermestes proof, is impervious to fire, smoke, water and atmos-
pheric changes. Obviously, these cabinets are far superior to any constructed o< non-
metallic material.

The interior is made of metal, with upright partition in center. On tht- sides
are meta! supports to hold 5>8 boxes. The regular size is 42£ in. high, 13 in. deep.
in. wide, inside dimensions; usually enameled green outside. For details of I»r. Skin-
ner's construction of this cabinet, see Entomological New.«, Vol. XV, page 177.

MLTAL IXSECT BOX lias all the essential merits of the cabinet, having a
groove, clasps, etc. Bottom inside lined with cork ; the outside enameled any color
desired. The regular dimensions, outside, are 9x 13x2i in. deep, but can he furnished
any size.

WOOD INSECT BOX.— We do not assert that this wooden box has all the quali-
ties of the metal box, especially in regard to safety from smoke, fire, water and damp-
ness, but the chemically prepared material fastened to the under edge of the lid makes
a box, we think, superior to any other wood insect box. The bottom is cork lined.
Outside varnished. For catalogue and prices inquire of

BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass.

WARD'S

Natural Science Establishment

84-102 COLLEGE AVENUE, ROCHESTER. N. Y.

\

We are the "Headquarters" for Entomological supplies
and specimens.

The only genuine Schmitt insect boxes and American ,

Entomological Company's insect pins are manufactured
by us. Best service in getting spreading boards, breed-
ing cages, Riker mounts and botanical presses.

Over 200 different life histories of insects of economic
and other importance furnished by us.

/

Collections of mimicry and color protection, seasonal and
sexual dimorphism.

Send for list 129b with many desirable chances of Lepi-
doptera from Peru.

Ward's Natural Science Establishment

FOUNDED 1862 INCORPORATED 189O

When Writing P1«-HH« Mention " Kiitotii->l«i;ical Nrw«."

NEW ARRIVALS

From Columbia, So. America :

OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES. INCLUDING

Morpho cypris Morpho amathonte

sulkowskyi Caligo spp.

From Cuba :

1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING

Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali

andraemon Erinyis guttalaris

celadon Protoparce brontes, etc.
devilliersi

u

From Venezuela :

Over 5000 Lepidoptera

200 Dynastes hercules

From New Guinea

2000 Coleoptera
200 Orthoptera

From Assam, India :

1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING

Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis

philoxenus Brahmaea wallachi

And Many Other Showy Species

From Tibet (Bhutan)

Armandia lidderdalii Parnassius bard wick i

CATALOGUES OF

ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS
ON APPLICATION

If interested kindly send your list of desiderata for further information to

THE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION

Department of Natural Science New York

G. Lagai, Ph.D. 404-410 W. 27th Street

Ot

I

QL461 E831 v.28 Ent

TITLE

T7r,+-oTnnlocrical News

! i!i

HUiffl

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