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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


OF THE 


ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 


OF 


PHILADELPHIA. 


VOLUME Xxx, 1919 


PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. 
E. T. CRESSON, Jr., Associate Editor. 


HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc. D., Editor Emeritus. 


ADVISORY COMMITTEE: 
EZRA T. CRESSON H. W. WENZEL. 
PHILIP LAURENT J. A. G. REHN. 


PHILADELPHIA:  ¢ 
ENTOMOLOGICAL ROOMS OF 
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, 
LOGAN SQUARE. 


1919. 


The several numbers of the News for 1919 were mailed at the Phila- 
delphia Post Office as follows: 


ING, | 2 Janay os rl. dacs ata iee ed cs January 4, 1919 
i Goon COPUBEN 4 ciauuepidecsssshsansce January 31, 
St REICH. ccc uxy conde casssuuaiecs os us March 7 
PITTS Fag cat dy bb cecavaw skeoneniee April 3 
OS MEG ce decease iudbaceeuses cashes May 1 
SA Retr PG ccs irises ick b ie Sona oueuss May 29 
Oh PRP IRIIY coc troninatecieessenidenickneens June 30 
TGP ARICWO DOT sis Apoet ses) hs cenk buss October 10 
oh Qe IN OVOMR DET voc ces snes xxkes yoo November 5 


The date of mailing the December, 1919, number will be announced 
in the issue for January, 1920. 


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EnT. News, Vol. XXX. Plate I. 


OL AWN Ldiatlad? 


eh ee 
LACH NIDS—wiILson. 
A, ESSIGELLA CALIFORNICA; B, E. PINI; C, UNILACHNUS PARVUS. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XXX... JANUARY, 1og19. No. 1. 
COMPTEN TS: 

Wilson—Three new Lachnids with Com- Pees metomorphe clavipes 
parative Notes on three others EFIOE hae snes oa a5 val eamicn alia ca sbae's 23 
CPLOMIOD: Voie ou cece a vee ce oMace tees s 1 | Becker—A One Year Life Cycle for Sap- 

Malloch— On an Undescribed Species erda candida Fab. Reared in an 
Medeterus (Dipt., Dolichopodidae) 7 Apple (Col. ).0 25s. swccunsee. cheep eee 24 

Howe—The Odonata of Concord, Mas- Botanica? Apstracts io. so «a ese 25 
RRCHUSCHG oicce es ivec cs cc var ceees 10 | Malloch—The Larval Habitat of Chal- 

Schwarz—On the Early Stages of Cato- comyia aerea Loew. (Diptera, Syr- 
cala titania Dodge, and a Descrip- URE Ce et ai oo ceca eaones «3 45 25 
tion of Three new Varieties of Cato- Fall—A Change of Names (Coleoptera) 26 
Sale: CLen, hiss si eick ip ersten cece us 14 | Howard—Note on the Vinegarone 

Cockerell—A new Genus of Bees from CArach:; Pedipatpl oie: S055. i aeons 26 
Berit Bae ess as gee wn aig Feld a wee 17 | Weiss and Nicolay—Eumerus Strigatus 

Rivcalet=itaies on the Genus Dicra- Fall, the Lunate Onion Fly, in New 
noptycha Osten Sacken (Tipulidae, BETSEY GUNNS) occ coon can cee one saci’ 27 
RIEMRGLR \ oc i ces ys SI ikaw ae 19 | Ferris—A Remarkable Case of paneer 

Cockerell_C ordulegaster foie ity in Insects (Hem., Hom.).... ... 27 
(Odonata) as an Enemy of Trout... 22 | Entomological Literature......-....0.0+ 29 

Editorial—The News for 1919 .........- 23 


Three new Lachnids with Comparative Notes on 
three others (Homop.). 
By H. F. Witson, University of Wisconsin.* 
(Plates I and II.) 
Essigella californica (Essig). (Plate I, A, figs. 1-6.) 

Description made from specimens collected on Pseudotsuga 
douglasst at Corvallis, and on Pinus ponderosa? at Grants Pass, 
Oregon, and from specimens sent to me by E. O. Essig, from 
California. They occur on the needles and are hidden by the 
sheath so that close observation is necessary to find them. 

Apterous viviparous female. General color, a pale yellowish green 
to brownish yellow with a row of small brown dots on each body seg- 
ment. A short sharp spine arises from each spot. Antennae and legs 
dusky brown. The body is elongate with the head and thorax quad- 
rangular and the abdomen ovoid and ending in a sharp pointed cauda. 


The antennae are five-segmented and reach almost to the second pair 
of coxae. The third segment usually does not have sensoria, but in 


*The drawings used in this paper were made by Mrs. Margaret 
Nehrlich Pickett, since deceased. 


2. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 19 


some specimens one or two may be present. The fourth segment has 
one large, and the fifth one large and several small sensoria. The 
rostrum reaches slightly beyond the third pair of coxae and has a very 
distinctive structure. Plate I, A, fig. 6. The third and fourth segments 
are quadrangular, while the fifth is but a small half moon-shaped piece 
closely attached to the fourth segment. The nectaries have a very 
small, narrow, cone-shaped base. The cauda is triangular and ends in 
a nipple-like projection. The legs and front part of the head are set 
with prominent long spline-like hairs. Length of body 2.2 mm. 

Alate viviparous female. General color the same as in the apterous 
forms, except that the thoracic shield is deep brown and the head and 
prothorax are dusky brown. The body is elongate and slender, and 
the general shape and size of the antennae, beak, abdomen, nectaries 
and cauda are like those of the apterous forms, except the antennal 
sensoria on the third segment and the legs, which are longer and more 
slender in this form. The third antennal segment has two or three 
large circular sensoria, usually widely separated. The wings are long 
‘and slender, with the median vein once forked. The base of the fork 
is very indistinct and in some specimens cannot be distinguished. Each 
branch becomes more distinct towards the distal part. 

Measurements. Length of body, 2.5 mm. Length of antennal seg- 
ments, III, 0.187 mm.; IV, 0.1 mm.;.V, 0.145 mm.; total length, 0.62 
mm. Length of wing, 2.78 mm. Length of hind tibia, 1.34 mm.; hind 
tarsus, 0.1 mm. and 0.187 mm. Length of beak, 0.92 mm. 


Essigella pini new species. (Plate I, B, figs. 1-6). 

Description made from specimens collected on Pinus vir- 
giniana, by W. L. McAtee, at Plummers Island, Maryland, 
June 27 and 28, 1914. This species resembles very closely 
Essigella californica Essig, described from California, but 
several distinct differences are easily found. The main dif- 
ference is found in the length and shape of the hind tibiae and 
the wings. The hind tibiae of E. pini are short and stout while 
those of £. californica are longer and slender. The wing of 
the former species normally has but a simple median vein, 
while the latter has normally two or more or less connected 
branches. Specimens in balsam. Types in writer’s collection. 

Apterous viviparous female. .General color a light yellowish green, 
with a series of rows of small brown spots on the abdomen. The fore 
part of the body is quadrangular, while the abdomen tapers to a point. 
The antennae are five-segmented and of a peculiar shape, as shown in 


the accompanying drawing. The rostrum of this species and of E. 
californica are also quite distinct and are unlike that of any other 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 


known species. The nectaries are small and without the large cone- 
shaped base found in most species of Lachnids. Length of body, 1.5 mm. 
Alate viviparous female. The antennae are five-segmented, as shown 
in Plate I, B, fig. 6. General color, yellowish green, the thorax being 
brownish (?). The abdomen is marked with a series of brown spots 
which occur in longitudinal rows. The antennae are short and have 
five segments; distal half of the third and the fourth and fifth seg- 
ments brown. The fifth segment is longer than the fourth, and the 
fourth and fifth together are slightly longer than the third; third seg- 
ment with three and sometimes four roundish sensoria; fourth with 
one large one at the distal end, and the fifth with one large and several 
small ones near the tip. The head is set with coarse spines, six of 
which are set in front. Similar spines are found on the body. The 
antennae have a few inconspicuous spines widely set apart. The legs 
are distinctly spiny, but not as much so as in Fssigella californica. The 
rostrum is short with the third and fourth segments quadrangular and 
the terminal segment half moon-shaped and not acutely pointed as in 
other species of Lachninae. Wings long and narrow, front wing 
usually with the median vein simple. The tibiae are short and rather 
stout, while in E. californica they are longer and more slender. The 
nectaries are but openings with thickened edges. The cauda is angu- 
lar with the tip elongated into a sharp nipple-like projection. 
Measurements. Length of body, 1.55 mm. Length of antennal seg- 
ments, III, 0.21 mm.; IV, 0.1 mm.; V, 0.145 mm. Total length, 0.6 mm. 
Length of wing, 2.33 mm.; width, 09 mm. Length of beak, 0.64 mm. 
Length of hind tibia, 0.85 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.1 mm. and 0.145 mm. 


Eulachnus thunbergii new species. (Plate II, D, figs. 1-8.) 
Descriptions made from one male and six oviparous females 
mounted on slides in balsam. This material was secured for 
study through the kindness of Dr. L. O. Howard and Mr. A. 

C. Baker, of the United States Bureau of Entomology. 
Original notes made by Mr. Theo. Pergande are as follows, 
“Pergande acc. 12127.” “March, 1906. Received from Dr. 
I. S. Kuwana, of the Imperial Agricultural Experiment Sta- 
tion, Hishigahara, Tokio, Japan, alcoholic specimens of a 
Lachnid, marked 267, with the following note: On the twigs | 
of Sciadopytis verticillata and Pinus thunbergii Parl. Tabata, 
Tokio, Nov. 25, 1905, winged form; II, head and antennae 
black, eyes red, Prothorax dark yellowish green, dorsal aspect 
_ of meso-metathorax, black; abdomen yellowish green. Honey 
tubes black; wingless form II, body yellowish green. long and 
narrow ; head black; eyes reddish purple. Antennae dark yel- 


4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Jan., 19 


low, but the tips black; honey tubes black. Mounted them in 
balsam. This appears to be a new species, near L. agilis Kal- 
tenbach.”’ 

I have not seen specimens of Eulachnus agilis Kaltenbach 
which may or may not be the same as Eulachnus rileyt Wil- 
liams, but I find this species to be distinctly different from Wil- 
liams’ species. Types in U. S. Bureau of Entomology collec- 
tion. 

The main differences are shown in the following comparisons 
between the two. 


Oviparous Female Eulachnus rileyt Eulachnus thunbergu 
Hairs Coarse, spinelike Fine, semi-setaceous 
Antenna 1.22 mm. long 1.02 mm. long 
Hind Tibia 1.78 mm. long I.1I mm. long 
Alate male Eulachnus rileyi Eulachnus thunbergu 
Antenna 2 mm. long 1.53 mm. long 
Hind Tibia 2.05 mm. long 1.33 mm. long 
Sensoria Numerous, small Numerous, larger 


than in E. rileyi 


Apterous oviparous female. Specimens in balsam appear ‘to have 
about the same color and characteristics as FE. rileyi? Color grayish 
brown. Antennae and legs dusky brown. Body elongate and furnished 
with long semi-spinelike hairs. Similar hairs occur on the antennae 
and legs. Beak short and extending to the hind coxae. The last seg- 
ment is a narrow black piece without length and is hardly separated 
from the preceding segment. Antennae reaching slightly beyond the 
base of the hind coxae. Third antennal segment approximately as long 
as the fourth and fifth. The fifth slightly longer than fourth or sixth, 
the latter two being about equal. The fourth and fifth segments each 
bear a single sensorium near the distal end. Cornicles with the base 
hardly more than a millimeter in depth. Cauda short and broadly 
rounded. Hind tibia somewhat stout and with numerous small sen- 
soria along the basal two-thirds. 

Measurements. Length of body, 2.34 mm. Length of antennal seg- 
ments, III, 0.378 mm.; IV, 0.16 mm.; V, 0.2 mm.; VI, 0.16 mm. Total 
length, 1.53 mm. Length of hind tibia, 1.11 mm. 

Alate Male. General color, head and thorax black. Antennae and 
legs, except the middle parts of the first and second tibiae, deep brown. 
Genital plates dusky black. Cauda light colored. Hairs on antennae, 
legs and body as in the apterous forms. Body long and slender, an- 
tennae reaching beyond the hind coxae. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 


Antennae coarse and with numerous circular sensoria of irregular 
size. The fourth and fifth segments are about equal in length and are 
shorter than the third and longer than the sixth. 

Nectaries as in the apterous forms. Wings long and narrow with 
median vein having but a single fork. Angle between branches wider 
and shorter than in Eulachnus rileyt. 

Mesurements. Length of body a little more than 2 mm. Length of 
antennal segments not definite because of a deformity in the only 
available specimen. III, 0.56 mm.; IV, 0.34 mm.; V, 0.34 mm.; VI, 
0.26 mm. Length of hind tibia, 1.33 mm. 


Eulachnus rileyi Williams. (Plate II, E, figs. 1-6.) 

Description made from specimens sent to me by J. J. Davis, 
and from specimens collected at St. Louis, Missouri; Chicago, 
Illinois, and Madison, Wisconsin. 


Apterous viviparous female. General color, orange brown to green- 
ish black; the color is caused to vary more or less by a grayish pul- 
verulence covering the body. When placed in balsam four rows of 
black spots are visible on the body, and from each one there arises a 
long spine-like hair. Antennae light at the base and shading to black 
at the tip. Antennae long and slender and quite spiny. The third 
segment is not quite as long as four and five together, segments four 
and six approximately equal. The rostrum is short, not quite reaching 
the hind coxae. The nectaries are small with a narrow cone-shaped 
base. Entire body covered with long spine-like hairs. 

Length of body, 2.4 mm. Length of antennal segments, III, 0.45 
mm.; IV, 0.24 mm.; V. 0.31 mm.; VI, 0.24 mm. Total length, 1.4 mm. 
Length of hind tibia, 1.6 mm.; hind tarsi, 0.12 mmm. and .22 mm. 

Alate viviparous female. General color dark green or brown, -cov- 
ered with white waxy powder or threads. When mounted in balsam 
the head and thorax are brownish and the abdomen greenish brown. 
Antennae and hind pair of legs black, the tibia of the front pair of legs 
light colored except at the ends of the segment. Antennae long and 
slender and set with long black spine-like hairs. The third segment 
without sensoria, fourth and fifth with one each. Other characters 
as in apterous form. 

Measurements. Length of body 2 mm. Length of antennal seg- 
ments, III, 0.44 mm.; IV, 0.25 mm.; V, 0.26 mm.; VI, 0.19 mm. Total 
length, 1.3 mm. Length of hind tibia, 1.6 mm. Length of hind tarsus; 
0.12 mm. and .22 mm. 


UNILACHNUS new genus. 
The characters upon which this genus is based are the un- 
branched median vein and blunt terminal segment of the ros- 


6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS et ila ce 


trum. In the true genus Lachnus the terminal segment is long 
and tapering. 
Type of genus Lachnus parvus Wilson. 


Unilachnus parvus (Wilson). (Plate I, C, figs. 1-5). 

This species is included in this paper to illustrate the genus 
and also to show the distinction between this and other species 
which have a simple or once forked median vein. A complete 
description will be found in Volume 41 of the Transactions of 
the American Entomological Society, 1915, p. 104. It occurs 
on the needles of Pinus virginiana and P. rigida and the type 
locality is the District of Columbia. 


Alate viviparous female. Body elongate and slender, antennae and 
legs medium slender and thickly covered with long slender hairs. An- 
tennae reaching to the third pair of coxae and the beak reaching to 
the second pair; beak broad and blunt at the tip. The third antennal 
segment bears about eight small sensoria, the fourth two and the fifth 
a single large one near the distal end; sixth with the usual large one 
near the base of the antennal spur. Wings hyaline and the median 
vein but a very indistinct single piece as indicated in the accompany- 
ing figure. Nectaries small and more or less bell-shaped. The opening 
rather large for the base. Cauda bluntly angled. 

Measurements. Length of body, 1.48 mm.; width, 0.6 mm. Length 
of antennal segments, III, 0.32 mm.; IV, 6.154 mm.; V, 0.176 mm.; 
VI, 0.154 mm. Length of wing, 2.5 mm. Length of hind tibia, 0.92 
mm. Length of hind tarsus, 0.066 mm, and 0.3 mm. I,ength of beak, 
0.49 mm. 


Lachnus juniperivora new species. (Plate II, F, figs. 1-5.) 
From material collected by W. L. McAtee on Plummers Island, 


Maryland, July 5, 1914, on Juniperinus virginiana. Types in 
writer’s collection. 


Alate viviparous female. Specimens in balsam show no distinct 
coloration of antennae and legs, these parts appearing to be light dusky 
throughout. Third antennal segment approximately equal in length 
to the fourth and fifth segments, fourth segment shorter than the fifth, 
fifth and sixth about equal. Third segment with about six round sen- 
soria of irregular size and not in alignment; fourth segment with two 
and fifth with two. Beak extending to the tip of the abdomen. The 
antennae are quite distinct from those of the other species in this 
genus and the nectaries are much broader at the base than those of 
Lachnus tomentosus. The wing venation is shown in Plate II, F, 
fig. 1. Nectaries with a wide sloping base. Cauda rounded, anal plate 


u 


se 


vt 


ENT. News, Vol. XXX. Plate II. 


‘-LACHNIDS—wicson. 
D, EULACHNUS THUNBERGII; E, EU. RILEYI; F, LACHNUS JUNIPERIVORA. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS o 


angular. Antennae, legs and body with a moderate number of short 
medium hairs. 

Measurements. Length of body, 1.8 mm. Length of antennal seg- 
ments, III, 0.37 mm.; IV, 0.166 mm.; V, 0.187 mm.; VI, 0.187 mm. 
Total length, 1.02 mm. Beak, III, 0.21 mm.; IV, 0.21 mm.; V, 0.07 mm. 
Total length, 1.82 mm. Length of hind tibia, 1.36 mm.; hind tarsus, 
0.083 mm. and 0.2I mm. 


EXPLANATION OF PiLateEs I ANp II. 

Pirate I.—A. Essigella californica, alate viviparous female; I. 
wings; 2. cornicle; 3. head; 4. hind leg; 5. antenna; 6. rostrum. 

B. Essigella pini, n. sp., alate viviparous female; I, wings; 2. cor- 
nicle; 3. head; 4. hind leg; 5. rostrum; 6. antenna. 

C. Unilachnus parvus, alate viviparous female; I. wings; 2. cor- 
nicle; 3. rostrum; 4. antenna; 5. hind leg. 

Pirate I1—D. Eulachnus thunbergii, n. sp., 1. wing of male; 
2. antenna of male; 3. head of male; 4. head of oviparous female; 
5. leg of oviparous female; 6. antenna of oviparous female; 7. rostrum 
of male; 8. cornicle. 

E. Eulachnus rileyi, alate viviparous female; 1. wings; 2. cornicle; 
3. rostrum; 4. head; 5. hind leg; 6. antenna. 

F. Lachnus juniperivora, n. sp., alate viviparous female; I. wings; 
2. cornicle; 3. rostrum; 4. antenna; 5. hind leg. 


42> 
=<3Pr- 


On an Undescribed Species of Medeterus (Diptera, 
Dolichopodidae). 


J. R. Matiocu, Urbana, Illinois. 


In the June number of [Entomological News for 1918 
(p. 216) Mr. W. Marchand described the larva and pupa 
of Argyra albicans Loew, at the same time making some 
pertinent comments on the paucity of our knowledge of 
the life-history of the members of this family, and a sug- 
gestion that the “cyclorrhaphous” form of opening in the 
evacuated cocoon might -indicate evolutionary relationships. 
Unfortunately the latter contention cannot be maintained by 
an examination of the facts. The cyclorrhaphous exit is 
_ produced by orthorrhaphous insects through a turning move- 
ment of the body, causing a cutting off of the cap of the 
cocoon through the abrasion by the sharp cephalic thorns of 
the material composing the cocoon. In Cyclorrhapha the 
ecdysis is facilitated by the expansion of the ptilinum on the 


8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Jan., “19 


head of the enclosed imago, which presses against the cephalic 
extremity of the puparium, causing a rupture to take place 
along lines, or pseudosutures, previously existent. As a mat- 
ter of fact the similarity between the cap-like lid left on 
the empty cocoon of species in Orthorrhapha and that of 
the other suborder on the puparium, which is merely the 
larval skin, is more imaginary than real, as the cap in the 
latter consists of at least 2, and often 4, distinct pieces. The 
cocoon of Orthorrhapha and the puparium of Cyclorrhapha 
are not identical in character, the former having no physio- 
logical relation to the insect, and to show evolutionary rela- 
tionships it is essential that the same physiological features 
be compared. 

In this paper I describe a new species of the genus Medeter- 
us. Unfortunately no larvae were preserved as the specimens 
were merely side-products of another experiment. I have 
already recorded the fact that the imagines of one species at 
least of this genus in North America are predaceous. The 
larvae have the same habit. 


Medeterus caerulescens sp. n. 

é and 9 —Metallic blue; frons, center of face, thorax and abdo- 
men distinctly gray pruinescent. Antennae, palpi and proboscis black. 
Face deep blue, becoming violet-colored below antennae. Dorsum of 
thorax not distinctly vittate, the pruinescence most distinct in center 
anteriorly; pleura brighter blue than dorsum, especially below. Abdo- 
men with a blue-green tinge; processes of hypopygium yellowish. Legs 
black, extreme apices of femora and bases of tibiae and basal half of 
midmetatarsus yellow. Wings clear, veins black, paler at bases. Post- 
ocular cilia white; bristle above fore coxa black; tegular cilia black. 
Halteres yellow. 

é .—Third antennal joint higher than long, with a slight indentation at 
insertion of arista, the latter very long, almost bare; face of equal 
width on its entire length; palpi with a few hairs. Dorsum of thorax 
with 2 rows of acrostichals on anterior half; scutellum with 2 strong 
apical and 2 weaker sub-basal bristles; propleural bristle short. Hypo- 
pygium long, reaching almost to base of venter, the processes slender. 
Fore tibia without bristles; mid tibia with the usual 2 bristles; basal 
joint of mid-tarsus nearly as long as joints 2 to 5 combined, the entire 
tarsus slightly longer than tibia; hind tibia rather thick, with weak 
hairs, which are most distinct on apical half of posterior surface, no 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 9 


bristles present; basal joint of hind tarsus slightly over one-half as 
long as second, the latter about as long as joints 3 to 5 combined, the 
entire tarsus slightly longer than the tibia. Veins 3 and 4 convergent 
apically ; outer cross-vein at about 1.5 its own length from apex of fifti 
vein. 


9 Similar to the male in chaetotaxy; genitalia very slender. 

Length, 2.5 to 3 mm. 

Type and allutype, White Heath, Illinois, April 19, 1918; 
larvae under bark of fallen cottonwood tree ; imagines emerged 
April 26, 1918. 
~ Closely resembles maurus Wheeler, but has black tegular 
cilia and differs in other respects. 

The larva makes a cocoon similar to that of Drapetis but 
not so tough. The pupa is white, distinctly shining, with the 
cephalic thorns dark brown. The following notes indicate 
distinctions between this species and 4Argyra albicans Loew 
as described by Marchand. 

The thoracic respiratory organs are more slender, the ce- 
phalic thorns are closely contiguous, with 2 long hairs at their 
bases above and 2 slight elevations ventrad of them, on each 
of which there is a long hair. The two protuberances re- 
ferred to as converging bristles above the mouth-parts by 
Marchand are the apices of what I take to be the aristae, 
which are straight in Medeterus, the remainder of the an- 
tennae being clearly traceable to the bases of the cephalic 
tubercles. The wing-pads are longer in Medeterus than shown 
by Marchand, extending to base of third segment of abdo- 
men; the position of the legs is similar in both species. The 
abdomen differs from that of albicans in having a series of 
long, sharply pointed, dense, appressed bristles on apices of 
segments I to 8 inclusive. In other respects the species are 
similar, except that caerulescens is only 3 mm. in length. 

Imagines of Medeterus are nearly always found on the 
trunks of trees or on exposed vertical surfaces close to trees, 
while those of Argyra are found either on low vegetation or 
on bare sand close to streams. Both genera are common to 
Europe and North America. 


10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 19 


The Odonata of Concord, Massachusetts. 
By R. Hever Howe, Jr., Concord, Mass. 


In Thoreau’s “Summer” the following entries comprise the 
first records of dragon-flies for the township of Concord: 
“June 6, 1852.—First devil’s needles in the air, and some 
bright green ones on flowers.” “June 6, 1854—I see some 
devil’s needles, a brilliant green with white or black, or open 
work and black wings [Lzibellula?|, some with clear black 
wings [A. maculatum?] some with white bodies and black 
wings, etc.” [P. lydia?]. “June 10, 1857.—Many creatures, 
devil’s needles, etc., cast their sloughs now.” “June 14, 1853. 
p.m. To White’s Pond—Large devil’s needles [Basiaeschna?] 
are buzzing back and forth. They skim along the edge of 
the. blue flags, apparently quite around this cove or further, 
like Hen Harries beating the bush for game.” The first spe- 
cific species recorded from Concord was Celithemis elisa listed 
by Dr. P. P. Calvert in Occasional Papers, Boston Society 
of Natural History, VII. Fauna of New England, 41, 1905, 
based on a specimen in the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. The first list of local dragon flies was pub- 
lished by Edward L. Peirson, Jr., in the Proceedings of the 
Thoreau Museum of Natural History I:41, 1915, and numbered 
twelve species. The second, and a preliminary list was pub- 
lished by R. Heber Howe, Jr., in Psyche 23:12-15, 1916. This 
list contained fifty-two species. In a Manual.of New England 
Odonata Memoir II, Part I, Ht & II! March 1917-August 
1917, July, 1918, 1-32, Thoreau Museum of Natural History, 
various Concord records appeared. The present list, probably 
nearly complete, numbers eighty-seven species. A complete 
collection of specimens on which these records are based is to 
be found in the Thoreau Museum of Natural History, Con- 
cord. ae 


ZYGOPTERA. 
AGRIONIDAE. 
Agrion aequabile (Say). Uncommon; Spencer brook, May 29 to 
June 24. 
Agrion maculatum Beauv. Common; Spencer brook, Fairyland, May 
20 to August 26. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS II 


CoENAGRIONIDAE. 

Lestes congener Hagen. Uncommon; Willow pond (Carlisle) and 
adjacent ponds, August 19 to October 9. 

Lestes disjunctus Selys. Rare; Willow pond region, August 14 to 
September 18. . 

Lestes eurinus Say. Rare; upper Spencer brook valley, Flaxdam 
pond (Wayland), June 5 to July 20. 

Lestes forcipatus Ramb. Rather uncommon; Willow pond region, 
August 13 to September 7. 

Lestes rectangularis Say. Uncommon; June 21 to September 18. 

Lestes uncatus Kirby. Commor; John Brown farm ponds, May 
30 to June 27. 

Lestes unguiculatus Hagen. Very common; ponds, brooks, etc., 
August 9 to September 5. 

Lestes vigilax Hagen. Rather uncommon; Bateman’s, Willow 
pond region, Sudbury river, August 5 to September 5. 

Argia moesta (Hagen). Rare; Walden pond, June 16 to August 20. 

Argia violacea (Hagen). Common; Fairhaven bay, Willow, 
Bateman’s, Walden ponds, May to September 10. 
Argia sedula (Hager). Two tenerals taken on June 24, 1916, were 
of doubtful determination by Mr. E. B. Williamson. 
Enallagma aspersum (Hagen). Rare; Willow, Bateman’s, Goose 
ponds, August 13 to September 5. 

Enallagma calverti Morse. Not uncommon; Fairhaven bay, Goose 
ponds, Spencer brook, May 19 to June 15. 

Enallagma civile (Hagen). Common; river and ponds, May to 
September 10. 

Enallagma ebrium (Hagen). Common; Fairyland, Willow, Bate- 

man’s ponds, May 26 to August 30. 
Enallagma geminatum Kell. Common; Bateman’s pond, July 20 
to October 2. Taken by Mr. L. W. Swett in Bedford. 
Enallagma hageni (Walsh). Rare; Spencer bruok, June 8. Taken 
by Mr. L. W. Swett in Bedford. 

Enallagma laterale Morse. Common; Bateman’s pond, May to 
July 7. 

Enallagma divagans Selys. Rare; Walden pond, June 19. Taken 
by Mr. Swett in Bedford. 
Enallagma pollutum (Hagen). Common; Bateman’s pond, June 
23 to September 10. Taken by Mr. Swett in Bedford. 
Enallagma signatum (Hagen). Common; Concord river, Bate- 
man’s pond, May 26 to September 5. 

Enallagma traviatum Selys. Rather rare; Bateman’s pond, August 
1 to 20. 

Nehalennia irene (Hagen). Rare; Willow, Strawberry Hill, Wal- 
den ponds, June 8 to September 7. 


12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS * | Jan., "19 


Chromagrion conditum (Hagen). Uncommon; Fairyland, Bate- 
man’s, Walden ponds, June 4 to 23. 

Ischnura posita (Hagen). Very rare; June 16 to September 3. 

Ischnura verticalis (Say). Common; Willow and Goose ponds, May 
29 to October 9. 

Anomalagrion hastatum (Say). Rare; Goose, Strawberry Hill an 
Willow ponds, August 13 to 19. 


ANISOPTERA. 


AESHNIDAE, 
Cordulegaster diastatops (Selys). Uncommon; Bateman’s, John 
Brown farm brooks, May 28 to June 18. 

Cordulegaster maculatus Selys. Uncommon; Spencer, John Brown 
farm brook, June 8 to 28. 
Hagenius brevistylus Selys. Rare; Walden, Bateman’s, Willow 

ponds, August 16 to September 3. 
Ophiogomphus aspersus Morse. Rare; Bateman’s pond, Spencer 
brook, May 26 to June 11. 

Gomphus borealis Needh. One female, Bateman’s pond, May, 
1915, collected by Peirson. : 
Gomphus exilis Selys. Common; Bateman’s, Walden ponds, Spen- 

cer brook, May 30 to August 8. 
Gomphus spicatus Hagen. Common; Bateman’s, Walden ponds, 
May 13 to June 23. 
Gomphus spiniceps (Walsh). One specimen recorded by Peirson. 
Gomphus furcifer Hagen. Rare; Strawberry Hill pond, June 9 to 
11. Taken by Dr. N. Banks at Lexington, June, 1917. 
Dromogomphus spinosus Selys. Uncommon; Bateman’s, Willow 
ponds, July to September 8. 

Boyeria vinosa (Say). Uncommon; Spencer brook, John Brown 
farm brook, August 23 to September 15. 

Basiaeschna janata (Say). Common; Spencer brook, Bateman’s, 
Walden ponds, May 17 to June 24. 

Gomphaeschna furcillata (Say). Rare; Bateman’s pond, June 7-8. 
Recorded by Peirson in May. 

Anax junius (Drury). Common; Goose, John Brown farm, Bate- 
man’s, Willow ponds, May 18 to September 19. 

Aeshna canadensis Walk. Common; Bateman’s, Willow ponds, 
August 8 to September 27. 2 

Aeshna clepsydra Say. Common; Concord river, Willow pond, 
August 19 to October 9. 

Aeshna constricta Say. Uncommon; Willow, Bateman’s ponds, 
August 19 to September 26. | 


Aeshna eremita Scud. Concord, October 1. 
Aeshna tuberculifera Walk. Rare; Strawberry Hill pond, August 


11 to September 6. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13 


Aeshna umbrosa Walk. Common; August 15 to October 26. 

Aeshna verticalis Hagen. Common; August 15 to October 2. 

Epiaeschna heros (Fabr.). Rare; Bateman’s pond, June 7. Re- 
corded by Peirson in May. 


LIBELLULIDAE. 

Didymops transversa (Say). Common; Bateman’s, Willow, Wal- 
den ponds, May 17 to June 23. 

Epicordulia princeps (Hagen). Common; Bateman’s pond, May 
25 to August 29. 

Helocordulia uhleri (Selys). Rare; Willow, Bateman’s pond, Spen- 

cer brook, May 17 to June 18. 

Tetragoneuria cynosura (Say). Abundant; May 3 to June 26. 

Tetragoneuria cynosura var. simulans Mutt. Uncommon; Bate- 
man’s pond, May 28 to June 23. 

Tetragoneuria morio Mutt. Rare; Bateman’s pond, May 26 to 29. 

Tetragoneuria spinigera Selys. Uncommon; Bateman’s pond, May 

19 to June 18. : 

Dorocordulia libera (Selys). Rare; Bateman’s pond, June 8-9. 

- Dorocordulia lepida (Hagen). Rare; Bateman’s pond, August 9 
to 13. 

Williamsonia lintneri (Hagen). Rare; Bateman’s and Willow 
pond, May 16 to June 1. Recorded by Peirson. 

Cordulia shurtlefi Scud. Rare; Bateman’s pond, June 9-27, and 
Flaxdam pond, Wayland. 

Somatochlora kennedyi E. M. Walker. Common; Bateman’s pond, 
upper Spencer brook, June 3 to 24. 

Somatochlora tenebrosa (Say). Rare; Bateman’s pond, Septem- 
ber 8. 

Somatochlora walshii (Scudder). Rare; a male found floating on 
the Assabet River on September 15, 1918, by H. M. Keyes. 

Libellula cyanea Fabr. Uncommon; Willow and Bateman’s pond, 
June 4 to September 4. 

Libellula exusta (Say). Common; May 19 to July. 

Libellula flavida Ramb. Rare; Fairyland, August 14. 

Libellula incesta Hagen. Abundant; June 6 to September 17. 

Libellula luctuosa Burm. Common; Bateman’s, Fairyland ponds, 
June 16 to August 19. 

Libellula pulchella Drury. Abundant; June 6 to September 8. 

Libellula quadrimaculata Linn. Common; Walden, Goose, Bate- 
man’s, Strawberry Hill ponds, May 19 to August 19. 

Libellula semifasciata Burm. Rare; John Brown farm, Strawberry 
Hill pond, June 9 to August 22. 

Plathemis lydia (Drury). Common; May 27 to September 3. 

Perithemis domitia var. tenera (Say). Common; Bateman’s, John 
Brown farm ponds, July to September 5. 


14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Jan., "19 


Erythemis simplicicollis (Say). Uncommon; Concord river, July 
to September 3. 

Sympetrum costiferum (Hagen). Rare; Willow, Bateman’s pond, 
August 15 to September 26. 

Sympetrum rubicundulum (Say). Abundant; June 9 to Septem- 
ber 30. 

Sympetrum rubicundulum var. obtrusum (Hagen). Rare; Septem- 
ber 5 to October 5. 

Sympetrum semicinctum (Say). Common; Bateman’s, Willow 
ponds, July 25 to September 18. 

Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen). Common; August 14 to November 7. 

Pachydiplax longipennis Burm. Common; Bateman’s, Willow 
ponds, Fairhaven bay, July 28 to September 9. 

Leucorrhinia frigida Hagen. Rare; Willow, Strawberry Hill ponds, 
June 8 to August 19. 

Leucorrhinia glacialis Hagen. Uncommon; Fairyland, Willow, 
Walden, Goose, Strawberry Hill ponds, May 19 to June 21. 

Leucorrhinia intacta Hagen. Common; May 17 to June 28. 

Celithemis elisa (Hagen). Common; Willow, Walden ponds, Spen- 
cer brook, May 19 to June 18. . 

Celithemis eponina (Drury). Common; Bateman’s, John Brown 
farm ponds, July to September 3. 

Tramea carolina (Linn.). Rare; Strawberry Hill pond, June 8 to 11. 


<er 


On the Early Stages of Catocala titania Dodge, and 
a Description of Three New Varieties 
of Catocala (Lep.). 
By Ernst ScHwarz, St. Louis, Missouri. 


Catocala titania. 

Ovum.—Glossy emerald green, changing in about ten days to liver 
brown; rather flat, concave ventrally; 42 to 48 ribs, many crossribs. 
Micropyle area rather large, granulated with many hexagonal eleva- 
tions; micropyle slightly raised. Shortly before hatching the color 
changes to transparent blue. 

Larva, Stage 1.—Head large; sides of head light brown. Body 
tapering to the sixth segment, from there enlarging; body color trans- 
parent bluish. Setae on first four segments only, whitish; three rows 
of dark brown tubercles on dorsal portion, each bearing a black spine. 
Ventral faintly pinkish with the usual blotches dark brown. 

Stage 2—Head smaller than in stage 1; brown. First and second 
segments a shade lighter than the rest of the body, which is a watery 
green color; two lateral lines a shade darker than body color. Dorsal 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 


bears three rows of brownish tubercles, each set with a single spine; 
the saddle is faintly marked, with no elevation. Ventral as in stage I. 

Stage 3.—Head bilobed, ashen color; a black band below crest. Crest 
reddish, a black longitudinal dash in inverted “V” space. Body color 
faintly pinkish, thickly dotted with black, so that the general aspect is 
brownish gray. There is a faint middorsal line; the three’ rows of 
tubercles are tipped with orange, as is also the blunt elevation on saddle 
above third pair of prolegs. Spiracles black surrounded by the body 
color. Setae pinkish, short and are net present between segments 
nine and ten. Ventral light pinkish, with blotches of light blue. 

Stage 4.—Head is body size; color and markings as in stage 3. Hump 
above third pair of prolegs is more prominent; setae pinkish, short 
and stout. 

Stage 5—Head strongly bilobed; posterior part brown, darkest at 
cleft; sides marbled with liver color; two black transverse bands in 
inverted “V” space. Crest orange, from which protrudes a tubercle of 
light orange set with a black spine. Body color greenish ashen sprin- 
kled with many minute black dots; no distinct lines; all tubercles tipped 
with orange. Hump on saddle is prominent, brown tipped with reddish, 
and of a very fine texture; a second hump about half the size of the 
first and inclined toward it is on the same segment; dark brown, 
setae pinkish, stout. Ventral pinkish, with blotches of dark blue. ° 

Pupa has no distinctive features from the Catocala type. 


The larvae of C. titania can be collected until May 19, by 
bush beating night or day, as they do not leave the top of the 
tree for resting. When grown, the larva is easily recognized 
by the double horn above the third pair of prolegs; the 
posterior one is much the smaller, about half the size of the 
anterior. 

The behavior of the larva of C. titania varies but. little 
from that of other species of the genus. During the first stage 
they do not leave the margin of the leaf upon which they feed; 
in the second stage they rest on the lower surface of the midrib 
of the leaf; in the third stage they rest on a twig just a 
little larger in diameter than the body, and continue so during 
‘the remaining stages. They seem to be comfortable only 
when resting on a branch a little thicker than themselves, in 
either an upright or a horizontal position. Pupation occurs 
in most instances amid the thick foliage of a tree. 

In every stage the caterpillar mimics the color of its rest- 


16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 19 


ing-place; this gives the organism almost certain protection. 
In a previous article* on the habits of C. titania, I have men- 
tioned that the imago rests in its similarly-colored environ- 
ment in perfect confidence of safety and cannot easily be 
alarmed. Thus we see that throughout all the stages of its 
life cycle, this species is protectively colored. 


Catocala titania Dodge, n. var. distincta. 

Primaries.—Ground color ‘whitish gray, sprinkled with brown spots 
of various shades; lines all prominent. T. a. line doubled, the anterior 
part faint, the posterior prominent throughout its entire length, but 
most conspicuous on costal region; median shade prominent, joins 
anteriorly the reniform. T. p. line very much in evidence, mostly so 
at “M” and sinus at vein 1. Reniform concolorous with subterminal 
line; subreniform closed, a shade lighter than ground color. Subter- 
minal space dark brown, merging costally in the ground color; subter- 
minal whitish and prominent; terminal line brownish but faint. In all 
other respects as in the type. Expanse 39 mm. 


Types: One male and one female in collection of the 
author. Paratype: One male in collection of R. Lange. Habi- 
tat: St. Louis, Missouri. 

In general aspect, this variety resembles C. alabama, ex- 
cept that the forewings of the former are much the narrower. 


Catocala minuta Edwards, n. var. eureka. 

9 —Thorax silvery gray; body yellow, concolorous with hind wings; 
basal portion to b. h. line concolorous with thorax; from this point to 
subterminal line the primaries are blackish brown; all markings in this 
space very obscure; subterminal space very prominent, silvery white; 
terminal space light gray; lunula blackish, centered with silvery dots; 
fringes concolorous with terminal space. Expanse 38 mm. 

é.—The terminal space not so prominent as in the female; in all 
other respects as in the female. 


Habitat: St. Louis, Missouri. 

Types: One male and one female in author’s collection. 
Paratypes: One male and one female in collection of Fred. T. 
Naumann, of St. Louis, Mo. The females and one male bred 
by Mr. F. Naumann; the other male taken by the writer. 

Eureka is to minuta what the variety gisela is to micro- 
nympha, and scintillans is to innubens. 


* Ent. News, 27: 68. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17 


Catocala minuta Edwards, n. var. obliterata. 

¢ and 9 .—Forewings so heavily overlaid with blackish scales as 
almost to obscure the ground color and markings, except the ring sur- 
rounding the black reniform center, which is light brown, and subter- 
minal line at costa, which is also light brown. Hind wings as in 
minuta, with the exception of the absence of the yellow apical patch. 
Expanse 40 nim. . 


Habitat: St. Louis, Missouri. 

Types: Collection of the author. 

This variety bears the same relation to minuta as agatha to 
unijuga, and lydia to faustina, and somnus to luciana. 


A New Genus of Bees from Peru (Hym.). 
By T. D. A. CocKErELL, Boulder, Colorado. 


Among the Old World Halictine bees is a very singular 
genus, Thrinchostoma of Saussure; first described from Mada- 
gascar, but now known to be widely distributed in tropical 
Africa and Asia.* The species have the mouth region pro- 
longed and more or less snout-like, the malar space large. The 
wings are hairy, and in the males there is a patch of black hair 
situated on the second transverso-cubital nervure. There is 
a hyaline fold or spurious vein extending from the base of the 
stigma obliquely across the first submarginal cell and across 
the lower part of the second. The abdomen is subclavate, es- 
pecially in the males. The tongue is long and slender. __ 

At Huascaray, Peru, September 21, 1911, Prof. C. H. T. 
Townsend collected a very peculiar bee, having the aspect of a 
male Thrinchostoma, but with slender simple hind legs, and no 
patch of black hair on the second transverso-cubital nervure. 
Closer inspection shows it to be a female, and as it is wholly 
without pollen-collecting apparatus it must be a parasitic in- 
sect. It is thus quite distinct from Thrinchostoma and it is 
an interesting question whether it represents an isolated group 
of an old Thrinchostomine stock, or an independent evolution 
of parallel characteristics. It represents in any event a genus 
new to our classification, though it has in fact been provided 


* See Canadian Entomologist, Feb., 1913, p. 35; July, 1915, p. 213. 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Dec., 1914, p. 452. 


18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 19 


with a generic name. Vachal, in Miscellanea Entomologica, 
xii (1904), p. 127, described a species Halictus chlerogas, from 
a female taken at Callanga, Peru. It is considerably smaller 
than our species, and metallic green but it is evidently con- 
generic. Vachal, struck by its peculiar characters, surmises 
that it may represent a new parasitic genus and adds that if 
this should prove to be the case the genus might be named 
Chlerogas, and the species C. latitans. According to the rules, 
however, it will be Chlerogas chlerogas (Vachal). 


CHLEROGAS Vachal. 

Halictine bees without pollen-collecting apparatus in the 
female, the abdomen of this sex clavate, truncate and hirsute 
at apex, without any caudal rima; hind legs of female long 
and slender, the tarsus much longer than tibia or femur; no 
hind patella; hind spur with three long teeth; head prolonged 
beyond the eyes, snout-like, malar space very large; inner or- 
bital margins deeply emarginate ; ocelli ordinary ; antennae long 
for a female; scutellum binodose ; wings conspicuously hairy ; 
basal nervure falling short of transverso-median; second sub- 
marginal cell nearly square, first recurrent nervure meeting 
second transverso-cubital on entering extreme base of the large 
third submarginal cell; stigma large. Type C. chlerogas, but 
also includes: 


Chlerogas hirsutipennis n. sp. 

¢ .—Length about 12 mm., anterior wing nearly 11; face prolonged 
about 1.3 mm. beyond eyes; head and thorax black, not metallic; lab- 
rum, mandibles and apical margin of clypeus dull yellow; clypeus dull 
with sparse very feeble punctures; antennae black, flagellum and apex 
of scape obscure, reddish beneath; face, vertex, mesothorax and scu- 
tellam with thin black hair; hair of metathorax thin, erect, ochreous; 
mesothorax dull, without evident punctures; area of metathorax with 
extremely fine oblique striae; posterior truncation of metathorax long, 
oblique, narrow, with a median sulcus, only the lower end defined on 
each side by a carina; tegulae dark reddish; wings dusky, stigma honey- 
color, nervures dilute fuscous; legs bright ferruginous; abdomen 
piceous above, dull, without bands, base of second segment pale red- 
dish; apex with coarse black hair; second and third ventral segments 
light ferruginous. 


Huascaray, Peru; type in U. S. Nat. Museum. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19 


Notes on the Genus Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken 
(Tipulidae, Diptera). 


By CuHarites P. ALEXANDER, Lawrence, Kansas. 


The genus Dicranoptycha was erected by Osten Sacken in 
1859 to include four closely allied crane-flies from the eastern 
states. In 1910, Coquillett designated the first of these four 
species, D. germana, as the genotype. Later on, in the Mono- 
graphs (1869), Osten Sacken relegated D. sororcula to the 
synonymy of D. sobrina, where it still remains. Besides the 
four valid Nearctic species, there are two European species of 
the genus. The Oriental D. signaticollis v.d.W. is undoubtedly 
a Libnotes rather than a Dicranoptycha. The known species of 
the genus are all very closely related and are separate only on 
slight differences of color and structure. 

Of the American species, D. germana O. S., the largest form, 
is characteristic of the Canadian life-zone and its range rarely 
~ overlaps those of the other species. The three remaining 
forms, together with the two species described in this paper, 
are characteristic of the Austral and lower Transitional life- 
zones. They frequent open woods, often but not necessarily 
near water, and several species may be found flying together. 
Thus at Plummer’s Island, Maryland, in July, 1915, Mr. Mc- 
Atee and the writer found D. sobrina and D. winnemana com- 
monly. At Lawrence, Kansas, in July and August, three 
species fly commonly at the same time, D. winnemana, D. 
minima and D. tigrina. These species appear on the wing in 
about the order given, D. winnemana emerging first in early 
June, D. minima in early July and D. tigrina in mid-July, 
though all three species continue on the wing throughout 
August and most of September. They frequent the open 
Austral woodlands such as North Hollow on the University 
Campus and in such situations may be found resting on the 
leaves of tall herbage and low shrubbery. They are almost 
invariably the only Limnobiinae occurring but fly with a number 
of species of Tipula which have a much shorter flight period 
(Tipula dietziana, T. mingwe, T. morrisoni, T. unimaculata, 
T. umbrosa, T. flavoumbrosa, T. flavibasis, etc.). 

The general distribution of the American species has been 
indicated by the writer in an earlier paper (Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., Phila., 1916, pp. 496, 497). All of the species are com- 
paratively restricted in distribution excepting D. sobrina. In 
the Monographs (1869, p. 117) Osten Sacken stated that the 
_Californian specimens represented a new species which he did 
not characterize. In his Western Diptera (1877, pp. 197, 198), 


20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Jan., 19 


however, he indicated that the species was very probably D. 
sobrina. I have examined a great number of specimens from 
the western states and must state that I cannot distinguish the 
niaterial from typical eastern sobrina and so must consider this 
species as being trans-continental, the widest distribution for 
any species of the genus. Specimens from New Mexico break: 
this rather discontinuous range of sobrina and the species may 
be looked for in Texas and other intermediate states. D. 
nigripes is still known only from the unique type taken in 
Georgia. Specimens that were distributed by me under this 
name are herein described as a new species, D. minima. D. 
winnemana, described from Plummer’s Island, Maryland, 
ranges from Maryland and Georgia westward to Kansas. The 
new species described below have as yet been found only in 
scattered localities in Douglas County, Kansas, but unquestion- 
ably have a wide range in this section. 

The larvae of the species that I have reared, D. winnemana 
and D. minima, are very similar to one another and are very 
characteristic in appearance. They are unusually elongate, 
slender, the body terete; the skin very thin, glassy, entirely 
transparent, and glabrous so that the head-capsule and contents 
of the alimentary tract show through as clearly as through a 
very thin glass. The head-capsule is of the massive Limnobiine 
type and is readily told from all other crane-flies with the 
exception of Epiphragma by the three-toothed mentum. The 
spiracular-disk is comparatively small, surrounded by four 
small, slender, pointed lobes, two being lateral and two ventral 
in position. The inner face of these lobes and the disk itself 
are variously marked with black lines. The anal swelling is 
fleshy and highly protuberant. The larvae live in the moist or 
rather dry earth where they occur beneath the surface layer of 
leaf-mold and other debris. The pupa is likewise very char- 
acteristic since it apparently lacks pronotal breathing horns, 
these being sessile as in the higher Diptera. The pupa lives 
encased in a small, oval case of earth. The above observations 
were made on material reared by my wife, Mabel M. Alex- 
ander. Detailed observations on the immature stages of this 
interesting genus are given in another paper. 


A Key to the American species of Dicranoptycha. 


1. Wings with a strong reddish-brown or fulvous tinge; Rs notably 
longer than cell 1st M2; Canadian life-zone. (Northeastern 


Linited Sires ios oh i ol wes ba wp ee germana O. S&S. 
Wings not strongly fulvous; Rs approximately as long as cell 
1st M2; Austral and’ Transitional life-zones...............-. 2 


2. Tips of the femora conspicuously black; abdominal tergites uni- 
formly light brown or yellow..,.........- Shia ei sie aes 3 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21 


Tips of the femora not black; abdominal tergites banded or at 
least the seventh sezment blackish...........05.052.0..0..:. 4 
3. Size large (male, length, about 10 mm.) ; wings brownish yellow; 
male hypopygium with the gonapophyses acicular, prominent. 
ea ra ee ee ish nigripes O. S. 
Size small (male, length, under 8 mm.) ; wings brown; male hypo- 
pygium with the gonapophyses small, not projecting. (Kan- 
WU oad. hehe ies ed An ic tewdeadisise. minima, sp. n. 
4. Coloration yellow, the wings deep yellowish. (Eastern United 
SURO ae ap ae Pee Se elie: winnemana Alex. 
Coloration brown or gray; wings pale brownish or grayish. ....5 
5. Abdominal tergites uniformly dark brown or only the seventh seg- 
ment darker; male hypopygium with the gonapophyses not 
acicular or projecting. (United States)......... sobrina O. §&. 
Abdominal tergites banded, tigrine in appearance, the apical third 
of each segment pale; male hypopygium with the gonapophyses 
acicular, prominent. (Kansas), 5. 2.05.00 6225, tigrina, sp. n. 
Dicranoptycha tigrina, sp. n. 
¢@ —Length, 9 mm.; wing, 98-10 mm. 9 .—Length, 10 mm.; wing, 
9.3-9.5 mm. 
Rostrum reddish. Palpi black. Antennae with the scape reddish 
yellow, the flagellum black. Head grayish brown, the vertex narrow. 
Mesonotum dark brown with a sparse brownish yellow pollen and 
without distinct stripes. Pleura clear gray becoming more yellowish 
below. Halteres pale. Legs with the coxae brownish yellow, the an- 
terior coxae darker brown; femora brownish yellow, the tips of the 
femora darker brown; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings with a strong 
gray tinge, highly iridescent; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc mod- 
erately elongated, extending to about midlength of the basal deflection 
of R4+5; Rs moderately elongated, about as long as the long cell 
1st M2 and half again as long as the deflection of R4+5; basal de- 
flection of Cui inserted at or before one-third the length of cell 1st M2. 
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the apical third of each segment 
more yellowish, producing a banded or tigrine appearance; segment 
seven dark brownish black; hypopygium reddish yellow. Sternites 
similar but the pale posterior margins to the segments are still broad- 
er. Male hypopygium with the dorsal pleural appendage bent at a 
right angle before midlength, the long apical point provided with num- 
erous setae; ventral pleural appendage a short, broad, flattened blade, 
with a short curved tip and the inner margin with 8 or 9 acute serra- 


tions. Gonapophyses long, acicular, projecting conspicuously between 
the pleurites. 


Habitat: Kansas. 

Holotype, ¢, Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas, alt. goo 
ft., July 16, 1918. Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotypes, 50 4 2, 
July 16-30, 1918. 

This species is apparently close to D. nigripes O. S. in-the 
structure of the male hypopygium but the coloration of the 
wings and body are very different. 


_ Dicranoptycha minima, sp. n. 

é@ —Length, 6.7-7.2 mm.; wing, 6.5-7.8 mm. 9¢.—Length, about 
6.5 mm.; wing, 7-7.2 mm. 

Rostrum brownish yellow. Palpi black. Antennae with the scape 


22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 19 


bright yellow, the flagellum brownish black. Head brown; vertex 
rather broad. 

Pronotum grayish brown. Mesonotum light brown without stripes; 
pseudosutural foveae distinct, black. Dorsal pleurites indistinctly gray- 
ish, the ventral pleurites yellow. Halteres brown. Legs with the coxae 
and trochanters yellow; femora dull yellow, the tips narrowly and 
abruptly blackened; tibiae yellowish brown, the extreme bases and tips 
a little darkened; tarsi brown, the metatarsi more yellowish. Wings 
with a strong brownish tinge. more yellowish basally and along the 
costa; veins dark brown, subcosta yellow. Venation about as in D. 
tiarina. 

_ Abdomen yellowish brown without distinct darker markings; tergite 
seven concolorous with the other abdominal segments. Hypopygium 
yellowish. Male hypopygium with the dorsal pleural appendage flat- 
tened, very broad, the surface covered with setae. The narrow ventral 
appendage is produced into a long slender apical point. Gonapophyses 
short, not acicular or projecting conspicuously between the pleurites. 


Habitat: Kansas. 

Holotype, 6, Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas, alt. 900 ft., 
July 16, 1918. Allotopotype, 2. Paratopotypes, 50 2 2. 

The types of the new species are in the collection of the 
author. Paratypes have been placed in the leading collections 
of the country. 


Cordulegaster dorsalis (Odonata) as an Enemy of Trout. 

Mr. Frank Springer writes from the Abbott Ranch, Rito de los 
Frijoles, New Mexico, Sept. 1, as follows: 

“T am sending you some beasties, that I should like to know a little 
more about. They are highly predaceous devils, and I first discovered 
them in the act of seizing some of a lot of young trout which I was 
placing in the brook here. The bug lies buried in mud or sand, in 
shallow parts of the stream where the current is not very swift, with 
only his eyes projecting. When a little fish (about an inch long) comes 
wiggling along close enough over the bug, he snaps, projecting his 
formidable mandibles [lateral labial lobes] and the shovel-like part 
below them for quite a distance to the front, and catches the fish by 
his wiggling tail. By simulating the wiggling motion of a fish with a 
knife-blade, I could induce the bug to snap at it, and thus saw the 
motion several times. . . . . I found the creatures quite numerous 
in the shallow, quieter waters where I was planting the young fry, and 
apparently they constitute a rather serious menace to the stocking of 
the stream, as they infest the shallow places, while the deeper water 
is dangerous on account of the older fish. I find that the trout eat 
these bugs to some extent, as in several instances they were contained 
in the stomach, and they are readily taken when offered as bait.” 

Specimens sent agree in all particulars with Cordulegaster dorsalis 
Hagen, as described and figured by Needham.—T. D. A. CocKERELL, 
Boulder, Colorado. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, IQIQ. 


The News for 1919. 

Whether .the hopes for the betterment of Entomology ex- 
pressed in our editorial for November last are any farther 
toward realization may well be doubted. In one respect, affect- 
ing the NEws very strongly, it is certain that conditions are 
worse than at any time in the past. We regret to say that in- 
creased charges for labor within the last few months, unac- 
companied by any decrease in other expenses, positively com- 
pel us to reduce the number of pages which we are able to pub- 
lish each month and to forego all illustrations in plate or text, 
except where authors bear their cost. Even with these curtail- 
ments we look forward to a considerable deficit at the end of 
1919. We surely owe this statement of our outlook for the 
new year to our many friends and contributors when they 
open the pages of the present number and note its smaller size. 
It is unnecessary to say that they can not regret this condi- 
tion more than do the editors and committees of the News. 
Whenever financial matters improve, we shall respond at the 
earliest possible moment by restoring this journal to its former 
thickness. 


40> 
=<or 


Bittacomorpha clavipes (Dipt.). 

On Sept. 1, as I was crossing a road in Boulder, Colorado, I saw a 
strange apparition. What seemed to be a series of black and white 
specks, symmetrically arranged, was passing rapidly through the air. I 
realized at once that I was looking at Bittacomorpha clavipes, which I 
had never before met with in my years of collecting at Boulder. Having 
no net, I could only knock it down with my hat, breaking off the strange 
and beautiful legs. This is not the first capture of B. clavipes in Colo- 
rado, as Mr. C. P. Alexander informs me that Dr. F. H. Snow took it 
_ in Manitou Park, in August, years ago. The group is an ancient one, 
now represented by comparatively few species, scattered over the earth. 
A species of the same genus (B. miocenica CkIl., 1910) has been found 
fossil in the miocene shales at Florissant.—T. D. CockrreLL, Boulder, 
Colorado. _ 


23 


24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Jan., ’19 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


A One Year Life Cycle for Saperda candida Fab. Reared in an 
Apple (Col.). 

In Bulletin No. 156 of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Sta- 
tion the writer called attention to the fact that it seemed quite prob- 
able that Saperda candida could be reared through all of its stages in 
the fruit of apple. At the time of the writing of the above mentioned 
bulletin the writer had in rearing two larvae which were at that time 
nearly one year old. The eggs from which these larvae had hatched 
had been deposited in an apple by a beetle during the season of 1917. 

The eggs hatched in this apple, and the larvae were allowed to bur- 
row around in the fruit until it began to decay, after which each larva 
was transferred to a fresh fruit. The borers were transferred to fresh 
fruits whenever the condition of the latter made it necessary to do so. 
During the winter the apple containing the insects was kept in the 
laboratory so that temperature conditions were favorable for them all 
the year. 

Reared in this way, one larva pupated and emerged as an adult in 
the summer of 1918, which was just one year after the egg from which 
it hatched, had been deposited. During the course of their develop- 
ment larvae were fed upon all sizes of apples, ranging from young 
green fruits not much over one and one-half inches in diameter to fully 
ripened and matured fruits. Part of the time the borers fed upon soft 
and rotten fruits. The larva which matured in the fruit had probably 
fed upon six different apples during the course of its development. 

It is possible, in fact quite likely, that the unfavorable conditions 
under which the larvae were reared, were responsible for the develop- 
ment of one of them in one year. The beetle which developed from this 
larva was only about 15 mm. long, whereas a normal beetle is usually 
from 18 to 20 mm. in length. The second larva died at about the time 
when the first one pupated. It seems most likely that the second larva 
died because of the condition of the apple at the time of its death. The 
latter was in the same soft and rotten condition as the apple in which 
the first larva pupated. 

In view of the rapid and apparently normal development of the lar- 
vae up until winter of their first year, it seems quite likely that they 
would attain their normal development in the fruit if they were given 
fresh material from time to time so that the medium in which they were 
feeding would not become soft, gelatinous and even liquid as was the 
case many times in the apples in which we reared our larvae.—Gero. G. 
Becker, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, Ar- 
kansas. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 25 


Botanical Abstracts. 


Under this title there has appeared No. 1, Vol. I, dated September, 
1918, of “a monthly serial furnishing abstracts and citations of publi- 
cations in the international field of botany in its broadest sense. 

The Board of Control of Botanical Abstracts has charge of the publi- 
cation. With the beginning of the year 1919, the membership of the 
Board of Control will be representative of the [13] various American 
botanical societies. At that time each society will be represented by 
two members, one elected for a period of two years and the other for 
a period of four years. After January, 1919, each society will elect a 
member for a period of four years, at intervals of two years, to re- 
place its representative who automatically retires.’ It is planned to 
issue two volumes of 300 pages each within one year, at $6.00 for the 
two volumes. This first number bears on its cover the names of an 
editor-in-chief and 15 editors for different divisions of botany with 
others still to be announced. As Entomology is so closely linked with 
Botany this magazine will be very useful to those cultivating the for- 
mer. Indeed so “broad” is the “sense” of botany interpreted that we 
find in this number summaries of articles whose content is zoological 
or entomological and not botanical, e. g., “Inheritance in Orthoptera,” 
“A preliminary report om some genetic experiments concerning evo- 


lution” [largely concerned with the gypsy moth], “Studies in inheri- 


tance in the hybrid Philosamia (Attacus) ricini (Boisd.) ¢ Philo- 
samia cynthia (Drury) 9.” The publishers are the Williams and 
Wilkins Co. of Baltimore. 


The Larval Habitat of Chalcomyia aerea Loew. (Diptera, 
Syrphidae). 
On March 4 Dr. R. D. Glasgow brought to me a number of larvae 
of the above species which he had found in a dead basswood log at 


Augerville Woods near Urbana. Along with these were several 


larvae of the tipulid Xiphura fumipennis O. S., and one of Xylota 
fraudulosa Loew. On March 13 the latter produced an imago, and on: 
March 14 two males of aerea appeared. ‘ 

The only record of the larval habitat of the latter is that published 
by Metcalf in his “Syrphidae of Ohio.” His record states that a pupa 
was found under the bark of a log lying close to a river and whether 
the larva had gone there to pupate or had lived in the log was left 


in doubt. The larvae very closely resemble those of Eristalis, posses- 
‘sing a long slender tail-like caudal respiratory appendage, but the log 


in which the specimens before me were found was not supersaturated 
and as Xylota fraudulosa does not possess a long caudal appendage 


it is difficult to explain the relation between the structure of C halcomyia 


larva and its habitat.—J. R. Matiocu, Urbana, Illinois. 


26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Jan., 19 


A Change of Names (Coleoptera). 


Thanks to the courtesy of Mr. C. W. Leng, my attention has been 
called to a number of pre-occupied names used by me in recent 
descriptive work. ‘These, with the new names now proposed, are as 
follows: 

For Bledius dissimilis Fall (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1910, p. 107) 
Substitute B. philadelphicus new name. 
For Bledius fratellus Fall (loc. cit. p. 112) 
Substitute B. transitus new name. 
For Pachybrachys instabilis Fall (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1915, p. 471) 
Substitute P. hector new name. 
H. C. Fatt, Tyngsboro, Massachusetts. 


Note on the Vinegarone (Arach., Pedipalpi). 

Professor Comstock, in his Spider Book, concerning the giant whip- 
tail scorpion (Mastigoproctus giganteus), writes, “In some parts of 
the South they bear the local name grampus and are greatly feared on 
account of their supposed venomous powers; but it is probable that 
there is no foundation for this fear; for although it has been stated 
often that their bites are poisonous, I can find no direct evidence that 
this is true, and no poison glands have been found in this order.” 

Many years ago, when the late Dr. George Marx was connected with 
the United States Department of Agriculture, he kept one or more 
specimens of this dangerous looking creature in a glass jar in the labo- 
ratory of the Division of Entomology and made a careful study of its 
possibility for harm, but both experimentally and by dissection failed 
to find any basis for the common superstition. For a long time it was 
a standing joke in the Division of Entomology to test the nerves of 
occasional visitors by inviting them to handle one of these specimens. 
I remember that no less a person than that excellent entomologist, 
John B. Smith, refused absolutely to touch one, while those of us who 
knew handled ‘ea with impunity. 

As is well known, the name vinegarone in the southern United States 
was originally given by French settlers from the French West Indies, 
and arose from the vinegar-like, intensely acid secretion which the 
whip-tail scorpion exudes when approached. 

An interesting story was told me the other night at the Biological 
Society of Washington by General T. E. Wilcox, to the effect that in 
1877 at Camp Supply, Indian Territory, a blacksmith crushed a vine- 
garone on his upper left breast. Blisters resulted which extended over 
the whole breast, and the glands were involved to some extent. He 
stayed away from work for a week, and General Wilcox, who at that 
time was a surgeon in the Army, treated him. Of course there was no 
sting, and the blisters resulted simply from the acid secretion.—lL. O. 
Howarp. U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27 


Eumerus strigatus Fall., the Lunate Onion Fly, in New Jersey 
(Dip.). 

On February 6, 1918, an adult of this European species, kindly iden- 
tified by Dr. Bequaert, was taken in a greenhouse at Rutherford, New 
Jersey. This is the first definite record of its occurrence in New Jer- 
sey, but its presence was suspected several years ago in connection 
with iris roots injured by Macronoctua onusta Grote (Psyche, June, 
1915, p. 106). Felt (27th Rept. State Ent. N. Y., p. 119) records it 
from Saratoga Springs, New York, and states that Dr. Chittenden in- 
formed him that it had been bred from bulbs received from Connecti- 
cut and Texas. Its presence in New Jersey at Rutherford is not sur- 
prising in view of the fact that huge quantities of Holland bulbs are 
consigned to this locality every year. In “Ziekten en Beschadigingen 
der Tuinbouwgewassen,” by Van Den Broek en Schenk, it is listed as 
a pest of narcissus in Holland and it is stated that it and Merodon 
equestris constitute the most important insect enemies of that plant. 

According to the Dutch authors, the flies appear in May and June 
and the eggs are evidently laid on the bases of the leaves. The larvae 
enter the nose of the bulb, from 10 to 30 being found in a single one. 
When full grown they are from 7 to 9 mm. in length. The maggots 
feed in the interior, which soon becomes slimy and decayed and the 
destruction appears to be more complete and rapid than that caused 
by Merodon equestris larvae with which they are sometimes associated 
in the same bulb. The puparia are usually found in the outside layers, 
or at the nose of the bulb, during August and it appears that a second 
brood of flies, of which little is known, appears in September and Octo- 
ber. On bright, sunny days the adults can be seen flying low over the 
narcissus plants. It is also recorded as attacking hyacinths and onions. 
In Holland the destruction of infested bulbs appears to be the common 
method of control. 

Verrall (British Flies, 8, 615, 1901) states that it is recorded from 
all North and Middle Europe and Italy, and Walker (1851, Insecta 
Britannica, Diptera, I, 241-42) records it as being generally distributed 
in Great Britain and states that the larvae of the genus feed on bulbous 
roots. Considering the fact that it was first noted in the United States 
in 1906 (Chittenden), it is strange that more records of it have not 
turned up. On account of its reputation as an onion pest in Europe 
its presence in this country should be of interest, especially in such 
states as Ohio, New York, Texas, California, Indiana, Illinois, Louisi- 
ana, Massachusetts, Kentucky and New Jersey, which are the ten main 
onion States in the order of their importance—H. B. Wetss and A. S. 
Nicotay, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 


A Remarkable Case of Longevity in Insects (Hem., Hom.) 
The genus Margarodes (Hemiptera, Coccidae) contains certain 


curious species in which the first stage larva possesses legs and 
antennae, these appendages being lost in the intermediate stages and 
reappearing in the adult. All of the described species are subterranean 
in habitat and in all the appendageless, intermediate stages are enclosed 
within a tough, hard cyst formed from the secretions of certain 
dermal glands of the insect. The details of the life histories of most 
of the species are unknown but one species, M. vitium Giard, has 
received a considerable amount of attention. 


28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., “19 


This species is a native of Chile and Venezuela, where it feeds upon 
roots of grapes and at times becomes somewhat of a pest. It has been 
the subject of a number of more or less extended papers and in one of 
these Mayet' has recorded the astonishing fact that adults were 
observed by him to issue from cysts that had been kept for a period 
of seven years, during which time the insects had taken no food. The 
emergence of the adult was induced by immersing the cysts in water 
for a considerable period. Apparently this ability to lie dormant for 
long periods is an adaptation to the peculiarities of the climate of the 
insect’s native land, the adult insects emerging normally during the 
rainy season. Some one has said that in certain parts of Chile it rains 
but once in seven years and sometimes skips this. 

The Stanford collection of Coccidae contains several cysts of this 
species, collected in Chile by Lataste and received by the University 
from Professor Cockerell in 1902. In December of 1917 several of 
these cysts were opened by the present writer, the enclosed individuals 
being found dead and shriveled as was to be expected. However, the 
insect removed from one cyst was so soft and white as to induce the 
belief that it must still be alive. There being no appendages the 
movement of which might reveal the presence of life, histological 
preparations were made from the specimen. 

These preparations have been examined by competent authorities, 
including Professors F. M. McFarland and Harold Heath, all of whom 
agree that the specimen must have been alive at the time it was 
removed from the cyst or at the most but a very short time before. 
The tissues appear in all respects to be perfectly normal, the nuclei 
of the hypodermal cells and of the walls of the alimentary canal not 
differing in any recognizable degree from those of the same organs 
seen in preparations of other Coccids known to have been alive at the 
time of fixation. Astonishing as this may seem, there is no reasonable 
explanation other than that the insect was indeed alive. 

Correspondence with Professor Cockerell has elicited the informa- 
tion that the material from which this specimen was taken came into 
his hands in 1899 or 1900 or perhaps earlier. When they were collected 
is not known, nor, of course, is it known how old they were when 
they were collected. There is, however, the definite and indisputable 
record that this insect remained alive for at least 17 years without food. 

It would be most interesting to know whether the insect could still 
have transformed into an adult and issued from the cyst under the 
stimulus of moisture. Unfortunately all the remaining cysts contain 
only specimens that are unmistakably dead and shriveled and the 
opportunity is past—G. F. Ferris, Stanford University, California. 


1Mayet, V. Note sur Margarodes vitium Giard. Bull. Soc. Ent. 
France (7), 6, p. 50. 1806. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 29 


Entomological Literature. 


COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 


Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- 
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species. will be recorded. 

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. 

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 
first installments. 

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the 
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title, 
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at 
end of title, within brackets. 

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- 
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- 


mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 


4—-Canadian Entomologist, London, Can. 10—Proceedings of 
the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 11—Annals and 
Magazine of Natural History, London. 18—Journal of Entomol- 
ogy and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 16—-The Lepidopterist, Salem, 
Mass. 17—Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 18—Ottawa Naturalist, Ot- 
tawa, Can. 51—Archiv fur Mikroskopische Anatomie, Bonn. 52— 
Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipsic. 58—Nature Study Review, Ithaca, 
N. Y. 54—Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 
D. C. 55—Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 
Lausanne, Switzerl. 56—Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of 
Sciences, Indianapolis. 57—Biologisches Zentralblatt, Leipzig. 
58—New York State Museum Bulletin, Albany. 59—Journal of 
Agricultural Research, Washington. 60—Maine Agricultural Ex- 
periment Station, Orono. 68—Science, Lancaster, Pa. 


GENERAL. Dewitz, J—Ueber kunstliche aufhebung des spin- 
nens der arthropoden. 52, 1, 27-30. Escherich, K.—Zeitschrift fur 
angewandte entomologie. Band iv, Heft i, 188 pp. Felt, E. P.— 
Key to American insect galls. 58, 200, 310 pp. Harris, H. W.— 
Field notes. 17, ii, 86. 


GENETICS. Cromwell, H.—Further experiments with the 
mutant, scarlet, from Drosophila repleta. 56, 1917, 287-93. Zeleny, 
C.—-Germinal changes in the bar-eyed race of Drosophila during 
the course of selection for facet number. 56, 1917, 73-7. 


ARACHNIDA AND MYRIAPODA. Pillichody, A—Photo- 
graphie d’une toile d’araignee. 55, lii, 157-60. 


Chamberlin, R. V.—Two new diplopods from Louisiana. 4, 1918, 
361-3. 


NEUROPTERA. Ballowitz, E.—Ueber die samenkorper der 
Libellen. 1. Die spermien und spermiozeugmen der Aeschniden. 
51, Abt. 1, xc, 169-85. Darsie, D. L.—A list of Odonata chiefly from > 
Laguna beach, 18, x, 79. 


30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., 19 


_ Walker, E. M.—On the American representatives of Somato- 
chlora arctica with descriptions of two n. sps. 4, 1918, 365-75. 


ORTHOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.—Zorotypus hubbardi, a n. sp. 
of the order Zoraptera from U.S. 4, 1918, 375-81. Two n. sps. of 
the blattid genus Arenivaga. 10, xx, 154-7. 


HEMIPTERA. Riley, C. F. C.—Food of aquatic Hemiptera. 
68, xlvili, 545-7. Jones & Gillette—Life history of Pemphigus pop- 
uli-transversus. 59, xiv, 577-94. McAtee, W. L.—Genera of the 
Eupterygidae (Jassoidea). 54, xxxi, 109-24. 


McAtee, W. L.—Notes on Nova Scotian Eupteryid leaf-hoppers, 
including descriptions of two n. sps. 4, 1918, 360-1. 


LEPIDOPTERA. Acker, C. T—The study of moths and but- 
terflies as a recreation. 58, xiv, 337-43. Ainslie, C. NA note on 
the economic importance of Samia cecropia. 10, xx, 150-2. Barnes 
& McDunnough—Illustrations of the N. Am. sps. of the genus 
Catocala. (Mem. Am. Mus. N. H., n. s., iii, pt. 1, 47 pp.) Dognin, 
P.—Heteroceres nouveaux de l’Amerique du Sud. Fasc. xiv, 27 pp. 
Ehrmann, G. A.—New exotic [neotropical] papilios. 1%, ii, 82-4. 
Hiser, O. F. & J. S—Life history of Catocala nuptialis. 16, ii, 66-9. 
Prout, L. B.-New L. in the Joicey collection [S. Am]. 11, ii, 412- 
18. Rowley, R. R.A long-fasting lepidopter. 4, 1918, 363-4. 


DIPTERA. Greene, C. T.—Note on the habits of Pegomyia 
affinis and other anthomyid genera. 10, xx, 160. Lindner, H— 
Ueber die mundwerkzeuge einiger dipteren und ihre beziehungen 
zur ernahrungsweise. 52, 1, 19-27. 


Alexander, C. P.—-New [5] nearctic crane flies. 4, 1918, 381-6. 


COLEOPTERA. Hudson, C. H—Concerted flashing of fireflies. 
68, xviii, 573-5. 


Chapin, E. A~-A new Hydnocera (Cleridae). 54, xxxi, 107-8. 
Swaine, J. M.—Canadian bark-beetles. Part 2. [8 new]. (Canada, 
Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch. Bul. 14.). Woods, W. C.—The biology of 
Maine species of Altica [3 new]. .60, Bul. 273. 


HYMENOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A.—Descriptions and rec- 
-ords of bees [Neotropical]. 11, ii. 418-25. Cushman, R. A.—Notes 
on the cocoon spinning habits of two sps. of Braconids. 10, xx, 
133-6. Henning, H.—Zur ameisenpsychologie. Ein kritische erort- 
erurig uber die grundlaven der tierpsychologie. 57, xxxvili, 208-20. 
Rohwer, S. A.—North American snecies of the sawfly genus Lau- 
rentia. 10, xx, 157-9. Sladen, F. W. L.—The genus Vespa in Can- 
ada. 18, xxxii, 71-72. White, G. F—Note on the muscular coat of 
the ventriculus of the honey bee. 10, xx, 152-4. 


Gahan, A. B.—A synopsis of the species belonging to the chal- 
cidoid genus Rileya [4 new]. 10, xx, 136-50. 

The News for December, 1918, was mailed at the Philadelphia 
Post Office on December 14, 1918. 


ae gee 


q 
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pee AE oa 
Utes 


Plate III. 


EnT. NEws, VoL. XXX. 


»-—CALVERT. 


ODONATA ANISOPTERA FROM GUATEMALA 


DIADOPHIS, PARATYPE; 10-12, E. DIADOPHIS?, 


’ 


1-6, ERPETOGOMPHUS SCHAUS!I; 7-9 


CAYUGA °. 


: 

4 
a 
2 

a 

. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION | 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XXX. FEBRUARY, 1919. No. 2: 
CONTENTS: 
Calvert—Odonata Anisoptera from Editorial—Entomology at the Convo- 
MeL OTRO as Vicia s sod ow ausicn- cae 31 cation Week Meetings............. 49 
Stoner—Swarming of the Monarch But- Entomological Literature.............- 50 
teray in lowa:(Lep.)... 6... oe ceose 38 | Review of Prof. Carlos E. Porter’s 
Wilson and Davis—A New Genus and Collector's Manual in Spanish..... 53 
Species of Aphid (Hem., Hom.)... 39 | Review—Washburn’s Injurious Insects 
Cockerell—Neocorynura, a Genus of ginicl Bisetel Bits 6 So. Salk seek 54 
Halictine Bees (Hym.)............. 41 | Review—Rau’s Wasp Studies Afield.. 54 
Crampton—Notes on the Phylogeny of Doings of Societies—Ent. Sec., Acad. 
BiG SPERGDLERys ow nso tecc ste dswses 42 Wat: Sctorrnila... -ascse ca 56 
Skinner—A few hours on Mt. Washing- American Entomological Society.. 56 
RT INNS Vivig'a doc dss sen ajoue-0°4 aus 6 50 48 Feldman Collecting Social........ 58 
Obituary—Victor Arthur Erich Daecke 58 


Odonata Anisoptera from Guatemala 
Collected by Messrs. William Schaus and John T. Barnes. 
By Pxivip P. CALVERT, University of Pennsylvania, Philadel- 
pina, Pa.” 
(Plate III) 

Messrs. Schaus and Barnes, whose extensive collecting of 
Lepidoptera in Guiana, Mexico and Costa Rica is well known, 
turned their energies to Guatemala in February, 1915, remain- 
ing in that country until April, 1918. During that period they 
sent to me from time to time a number of Odonata which add 
to our knowledge of the fauna of Guatemala over and above 
that recorded in the Neuroptera volume of the Biologia Cen- 
trali-Americana. I have listed them, following the order of the 


species in the Biologia and occasionally adding some descrip- 


tive matter. Mr. Schaus made some notes on the fresh colors 
of some of the specimens and these I have enclosed in quota- 
tion marks. He has also given me data on some of the more 
unfamiliar localities at which they took Odonata, as follows: 


31 


32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Feb.,’19 


Caballo Blanco, “13 miles beyond Retalhuleu on the branch line to 
Champerico; it consists of grazing country with a little vegetation 
along the rivers, but no forest near at hand, and the soil is humid and 
, very fertile.” 

Cayuga, 23.4 miles from Puerto Barrios and a little west of Tene- 
dores. A farm house recently abandoned was fitted up by the United 
Fruit Company and placed at their disposal; it was their Guatemalan 
headquarters. “The house stands on a hill by itself, 150 feet above 
the railway and river, with the most glorious views in every direction. 
The chief veranda faces the south with the winding [Motagua] river 
threading through thousands of acres of bananas, limited by virgin 
forests, and with the mountains of Honduras in the distance; to the 
north we are close to forest clad hills and almost all my day collecting 
is along [their] trails and streams. The elevation of the [railway] 
station is 107 feet and the forest ridge about 400 feet higher. The 
hills....on the south side are covered with dense tropical forest, 
no pines at all.” On October 7, 1915, he wrote: “I cannot understand 
why with the heat and rain there are not more things flying.” On 
April 30, 1917: “The conditions here (climatic) are still disastrous and 
not an insect is to be seen except a few wasps. Not a drop of rain 
has fallen since I last wrote and all the weeds around the place are 
dead and dried up and there are extensive forest fires, fanned into 
energy by strong easterly gales which blow all afternoon and evening.” 

Chejel, in Baja Vera Paz, eleven miles from Tucurt, elevation 3100 
feet. “I have had five weeks at Chejel, where I have been “— 
most eee inci friends” [in June, etc., 1917]. 

Iguana, “a flag station, 72.3 miles from Barrios, elevation 493 feet, 
and at the beginning of the dry section of the Motagua valley; the 
country is hilly, with scattered pines and swampy in places. We only 
went there once for a few hours and found your Odonata flying in 
the wet places.” 

Joaquina, “a flag station, 170 miles from Barrios, elevation 2269 feet; 
a dry district owing to steep mountains with muddy ditches along track 
in rainy season, little vegetation and some 200 feet above river. We 
were delayed there several hours by a land-slide, so I put my net on 
and caught a few insects.” : 

Montufar, “44 miles from Barrios (Motagua valley).” 

Oneida, “Motagua valley near Morales, 25 miles from Barrios, eleva- 
tion 300 feet.” 

Polochic River. Writing Aug. 17, 1917: “I am still in Vera Paz sors 
since a week I have worked every night with my lamp until 3 A. M. 
Barnes is doing the day work and rides nine miles down the moun- 
tains to’ the Polochic River and gets in several hours’ collecting.” 

Purulhéd “is the correct spelling, not Purula, as Champion spells it. 53 


- 
4 
g 
q 
: 


i as 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 33 


In the letter just quoted: “I have had........ three weeks at Purulha.” 

Quirigua “is 57.4 miles from Barrios, elevation 240 feet, and is in the 
humid banana district. The Motagua valley is very broad there, with 
hills on the south side covered with forest of poot growth, chiefly 
pines and the manaca palms; there are small streams in all the 
valleys. The forest in the main valley has all been cleared by the 
Fruit Co.” In their first year in Guatemala they had a month or six 
weeks at Quirigua before going to Cayuga. 

San Felipe, “in the department of Retalhuleu, elevation 2056 feet, 
surrounded by sugar cane and coffee plantations.” 

Santa Maria, Volcano, department of Quezaltenango, elevation 5500 
feet. 

Tactic, Baja Vera Paz; “ten days in Tactic” (Aug. 17, 1917). 


GOMPHINAE. 

Gomphoides elongata Selys. Gualan, August, 1 ¢. 

Very close to the only male of elongata which is available 
for comparison, viz., from Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, July, 
by Schumann, listed in the Biologia volume, page 157. This 
Gualan male is smaller (abdomen 43.5, hind wing 31 mm.),. 
less robust, the lateral margins of abdominal segments 8 and © 
9 are less dilated, that of 9 less angulate, angle distinctly 
rounded, superior anteapical angulation of the superior ap- 
pendages also rounded. 


Gomphoides suasa suasa Selys. Cayuga, May, 1917, 1 ¢. Qui- 
vigaa, forest; June 25, 1.¢; 1°. 

Erpetogomphus schausi n. sp. (PI. III, figs. 1-6). 

Purulha, forest stream, July 7, 14, type, in the writer’s 
collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

é. Black or blackish brown, the following bright green: greater 
part of the frons (except its postero-dorsal and antero-ventral mar- 
gins), the’ rhinarium, a transverse streak on the middle of the free 
margin of the labrum, the greater (anterior) part of the fore pro- 
thoracic lobe, anterior margin of the propleuron, the greater part of 
the transverse dorsal mesothoracic ridge (but not where it joins the 
mid-dorsal carina or the humeral suture), an antehumeral stripe 


_ separating the dark submedian and antehumeral stripes, increasing in 


width cephalad and ventrad and confluent with the green of the trans- 
verse mesothoracic ridge just mentioned (at mid-height this green ante- 
humeral stripe is a little wider than half of the dark submedian and 
narrower than the dark antehumeral stripe), a rounded triangular spot 
just below the antealar sinus and anterior to the humeral suture, 


34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb.,’19 


almost confluent with the upper end of the green antehumeral stripe 
(this spot apparently represents the upper end of an otherwise ob- 
solete pale humeral stripe), a mesepimeral stripe wider above, a round- 
ed superior spot and an inferior stripe on the metepisternum, a wider 
stripe on the metepimeron (each of these three sclerites being margined 
with black on all sides, but the postero-ventral angle of the metepimeron 
is green), and the dorsal interalar sclerites. (PI. III, figs. 1, 2.) 

Mandibles, maxillae and labium buff, but the apices of the first 
two and of the median and lateral labial lobes black. ‘ 

Ventral thoracic surface dull greenish with pruinose traces in the 
depressions. 

Abdomen blackish-brown, its pale markings evidently faded, such 
as are visible being the sides of 1 inferiorly, the auricles, a postero- 
ventral spot and possibly a mid-dorsal stripe on 2, a mid-dorsal basal 
stripe or spot of indeterminable extent on 3-6, a basal lateral spot on 
the same four segments, the basal half of 7, a large (reddish) spot 
on each side of ro. 

Femora reddish-brown, blackening distally, fore pair pale greenish 
inferiorly. Tibiae and tarsi wholly black. 

Occiput non-tuberculate, its hind margin moderately convex. 

Abdomen narrowing from segment 1 (2.6 mm.) to the middle of 3 
(.8 mm.), thence widening very gradually to apex of 6 (1.4 mm.), 
thence widening rapidly to the apex of 8 (2.6 mm.), thence narrowing 
to the apex of 10 (1.9 mm.). 

Superior appendages (PI. III, figs. 3, 6) 1.96 mm. long, slightly 
longer than 10, subequal to 9; in dorsal view, their external margins 
straight and parallel for two-thirds’ length of the appendage, each 
appendage constricted at its extreme base, following which, on the 
internal side, it is swollen for its first third, then gradually narrows, 
the terminal third of the appendage strongly curved mesad forming a 
blunt hook; in profile view, the superior margin is almost’straight for 
two-thirds of the length of the appendage, the inferior margin sub- 
parallel, but swollen a little at two-fifths of the same length, no 
superior or inferior teeth or tubercles, the terminal third of the 
appendage curved strongly ventrad to an acute apex; superior append- 
ages yellow, brown at apex. 

Inferior appendage blackish-brown, stout, two-thirds as long as the 
superiors; in profile view, its superior margin concave throughout 
except for the first fifth of the appendage’s length, which is straight, 
slanting caudad and ventrad, and forms an obtuse angulation where 
the concave curve begins, terminal half of the appendage curved strong- 
ly dorsad and slightly cephalad; in ventral view, the appendage is bifid 
for its entire visible extent f, ¢., its distal two-thirds, the proximal 
third being concealed by the sub-anal plates), the two branches in 


PP hc ey RE Te ee ae 


Le, de FO eee ete i 


| a heel cna oot a 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35 


contact with each other, their external margins slightly converging, 
their apices roundedly truncate from within laterad. 

Genitalia of abd. seg. 2: (PI. III, figs. 4, 5). Anterior lamina 
brown, low, entire, with a marginal row of brownish hairs; the other 
genitalia darker. Anterior hamules bifid at tip, internal branch the 
longer and more acute, interval separating it from external branch 
elliptical, narrower at the mouth. Posterior hamules one-and-two-fifths 
times as long as the anterior hamules, tapering to an actite apex. 
Vesicle of the penis projecting subequally with the anterior hamules, 
having on each side a stout antero-ventral angle of somewhat less 
than 90 degrees. Posterior margin of each auricle almost straight, 
slightly convex, bearing 5-6 denticles. 

Wings barely smoky yellowish. Stigma dark reddish-brown within 
black veins, surmounting 5-6 cells. Venation, including the costa, 
black. Forewings with 20 (r), 18 (1) antenodals, the 7th (r) or 6th 
(1) thicker, 14 (r), 15 (1) postnodals, two posttriangular rows in- 


creasing near the level of the nodus with 7-8 marginal cells, a maxi- 


mum of three rows of cells in the second cubital area. Hind wings with 
13 (r), 14 (1) antenodals, the 6th thicker, 13 (r), 14 (1) postnodals, 
3 posttriangular cells, then two rows, increasing near the level of 
separation of Rs bridge from M1+2, with 13-14 marginal cells, proxi- 
mal row of postanal cells 5, distal row of 4, a maximum of five rows 
of cells in the second cubital area, anal triangle 4-celled. 

Abdomen 33, hind wing 30, costal edge of stigma of fore wing 3.5 
mm. 

Only the type male has been seen. This handsomely colored 
species falls near FE. eutainia and FE. viperinus in the synopsis 
of species of Erpetogomphus in the Biologia volume, pages 
159-160. It differs from F. eutainia in the absence of an in- 
ferior longitudinal carina on the basal third of the superior 
appendages, in the strongly ventral curvature of the terminal 
third of the same appendages and in the shape of their apices, 
the apparent absence of a second pale antehumeral stripe sepa- 
rating the dark antehumeral and humeral stripes, and of a 
yellow line on the costa anteriorly, the greater number of ante-- 
and postnodals and the longer wings. 


From E. viperinus, E. schausi differs by the presence of 


_ dark markings on the face, the stronger ventral curvature of 


the terminal third of the superior appendages, the apparent 
absence of a second pale antehumeral stripe the greater number 
of ante- and postnodals, etc. 


36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWé& [Feb.,’19 


Erpetogomphus diadophis ? Calvert (Plate III, figs. 10-12)... 
Cayuga, house, October 25, 12. Very similar to the paratype of the 
species (in coll. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia) in the shape of the 
occiput, the very reduced vulvar lamina and the characteristic semi- 
circular groove on the sternum of 9. It is smaller (abdomen 29, hind 
wing 24, costal edge of stigma, front wing 3 mm.) and the annulate 
appearance of the abdomen, on 3-7, due to the presence of a trans- 
verse median yellow band in diadophis, is on first examination not 
distinct, owing, perhaps, to the apparently less matured coloration 
of the body generally. I believe that I can recognize the annuli on 
segments 6 and 7, at least. Color differences, due, possibly, to the 
same cause (immaturity), are the smaller extent of the dark para- 
median stripes of the thorax (mesepisternum) and of those at the 
humeral, at the obsolete first lateral and at the second lateral sutures, 
in comparison with those of the paratype of diadophis, as our figures 
show. (Pl. III, figs. 10 and 11, 7 and 8). 

The similarity of the vulvar laminae in the two specimens is not 
identity. The two lobes of the lamina in the Cayuga female are rel- 
atively more widely separated than in the paratype (cf. Pl. III, figs. 12, 9), 
‘although the absolute measurements are as follows: from apex of 
_right lobe to apex of left lobe, Cayuga 2 .3 mm., diadophis Q para- 
type .4 mm.; length of lobes measured from the anterior (a) of the 
two transverse lines shown in PI. III, figs. 12, 9: Cayuga 2 .2 mm., 
Q paratype .3 mm. 

In addition to the possession by both females of the semicircular 
groove on the ventral side of segment 9, mentioned above and shown 
in our figures quoted, both females show a transverse groove (ft) on 
the sternum of 8, anterior to the vulvar lamina, and situated in both 
at three-fourths the length of the sternite, measuring from its anterior 
extremity to the same line a. 


Neither the paratype of diadophis nor the female from 
‘Cayuga is in perfect condition; the former, ever since I re- 
ceived it from the late Mr. McLachlan, has lacked segment 
10 and the abdominal appendages. Without additional ma- 
terial it is not possible to decide whether these two females 
are conspecific or not. All that 1 am able to say at present 
is that they appear to be very near to each other on the basis 
of structural characters, while differing in size and in details 
of coloring. 

Epigomphus subobtusus Selys. Cayuga, dark forest, April 25, 


19; forest, May 3, 1 teneral?; forest, 1 @ over stream, 1 teneral 2 ; 
stream in dark forest, May 28, 1 @, “oblique black and greenish blue 


Pa 
- 
e 
4 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 37 


streaks on thorax. Abdomen black with fine yellow segmental lines; 
a broak yellow mark before end” [i. e. on segment 7]. 


CoRDULEGASTERINAE. 


Cordulegaster godmani McLachlan. Purulhd, forest, July 10, 
1é1Q “in cop.” 
AESHNINAE. 


Anax amazili (Burmeister). Cayuga, June 2, stormy night, at 
light, 1 2; August 24, at light, 1 9. 


In the key to the species of Anax in the Biologia volume, 
page 176, I stated for amazili “Superior frontal marking a 
triangular black spot, no dark ring,’ by way of contrast with 
junius and walsinghami. In well-colored individuals there is 
on each side, right and left, of the triangular black spot and 
separated from it by a yellow line, a triangular blue spot, as 
Hagen (1861, 1867), Brauer (1866) and Martin (1908) have 
stated. Occasionally these two blue spots are not visible, as 
in a Costa Rican female before me; in other cases, as in the 
Cayuga female of June 2, the blue has become a dark brown, 
although the two spots are not united anteriorly and hence 
form no ring as in junius and walsinghami. Still my state- 
ment of 1905, quoted above, is incomplete and hence a little 
confusing. It may be bettered by inserting after “a triangular 
black spot:” “usually with a separate triangular blue (some- 
times brown) spot to right and left.” 

The capture of these two females at light is interesting. 


Aeshna cornigera Brauer. Chejel, June 26,1 ¢, “almost entirely 
black; some pale greenish markings on thorax laterally.” Purulha, 
forest, July 10, 14, “frons and base of abd. turquoise blue. Broad 
green lateral oblique stripes on thorax. Fine broken green transverse 
lines on abd.” Antigua, 5500 feet, November 24, 16, 12. Volcan 
Santa Maria, November, 1 ¢. 

Aeshna multicolor jalapensis (Williamson). Santa Maria, 5500 
feet, June 13, 1 ¢. Volcan Santa Maria, October 31,1 Q. 

Aeshna virens Rambur. Cayuga, on veranda, September 5, 1 @. 

Gynacantha trifida Rambur. Cayuga, at dusk, April, 1 2; forest, 
August 23,1 9, and 27,1 ¢. 

Gynacantha septima Selys. Cayuga, at dusk, April, 1 ¢; forest, 
September 16,1 9. The male has the anal triangle 3-celled. 

Gynacantha mexicana Selys. Cayuga, at dusk, June 3, 1917, 1 @. 

Gynacantha tibiata Karsch. Cayuga, forest, August 30, 1 @. 


38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Feb.,’1 


Gynacantha gracilis Burmeister. Cayuga, forest, September 4, 
1 @. This is the most northern locality for this species yet re- 
corded; I have taken it also in Costa Rica, in the Banana River 


country.* 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. 


Figs. 1-6, Erpetogomphus schausi n. sp., type ¢, Purulha, Guate- 
mala, July 7. Figs. 1, Dorsal, and 2, Right lateral views of the meso- 
metathorax showing the color pattern. x 6.6. Figs. 3, Dorsal, and 6, 
Left lateral, views of the apex of the abdomen. x 7. Fig. 4, Right 
jJateral view of penis and vesicle removed from the other genitalia of 
the second abdominal segment, inverted. Fig. 5, Right lateral view of 
genitalia of the second abdominal segment, inverted, penis lying be- 
tween the hamules of. the right and left sides; ah, anterior, and ph, 
posterior, hamules; vp, vesicles of the penis, ah’, anterior hamule viewed 
antero-laterally to show form of apex; amJJ//, anterior margin of 
abdominal segment 3. Figs. 4-5 x 14.3. 

Figs. 7-9, Erpetogomphus diadophis Calvert, 9 paratype, Texas. 
Figs. 7, Dorsal, and 8, Right lateral views of meso-metathorax showing 
the color pattern. x 6. Fig. 9, Sternite of abdominal segment 8 and 
part of groove (g) on sternite of segment 9. x 12. 

Figs. 10-12, Erpetogomphus diadophis ? 92 Cayuga, Guatemala, Oct. 
25. Figs. 10, Dorsal, and 11, Right lateral views of meso-metathorax 
showing the color pattern. x 6.5. Fig. 12, posterior part of abdominal 
. segment 8 and all of segment 9, ventral view. x 12.75. 

In figs. 9 and 12: a, anterior of the two transverse impressions, and 
t, transverse groove, cephalad of the vulvar lamina (vl) (see page 36) ; 
“g, semicircular groove on sternite of 9. 

All these figures are based on camera lucida drawings, using a Zeiss 
compound microscope with objective A (its lower lens off), and ocular 
2 (figs. 4, 5, 9 and 12), or Rompensating ocular 2 (the remaining fig- 


ures). 
(To be continued) 


<2 
<=or 


Swarming of the Monarch Butterfly in Iowa (Lep.). 

While driving along a country road three miles northwest of Vinton, 
Iowa, on Sept. 8, 1918, a swarm of Monarch butterflies (Anosia plexip- 
pus Linn:) attracted my attention. The immediate region is hilly, once 
wooded, but now only small white oak groves scattered here and there 
remind one of that fact. At least several hundred butterflies were in 
this swarm, which, at the time of my observation, did not seem to be 
moving in any particular direction. Some of the individuals were 
flying about rather aimlessly a few feet above the ground, while others 
had alighted on the leaves and branches of the white oak trees. The 
observation was made at 6.10 P. M., and it is probable that the insects 
were preparing to settle for the night. The weather was partly cloudy 
and there was little or no breeze——DayTon Stoner, State University 
of Iowa, Iowa City, lowa. 


* Calvert, A. S. & P. P. A Year of Costa Rican Natural History, 
New York (Macmillan), pp. 315-318. 1917. 


emp ek eee Ye 


Vol. xxx| ' ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 39 


A New Genus and Species of Aphid (Hem., Hom.). 


By H. F. Witson, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis- 
consin, and J. J. Davis, U. S. Bureau of Entomology 
W. Lafayette, Indiana. 


Descriptions made from specimens collected on choke cherry 
(Prunus serotina) at Portage and Madison, Wisconsin, dur- 
ing June and July, 1916 and 10918, respectively. Found in 


colonies at the tips of the twigs where the forms were. noticed 


in early June but no alate specimens could be found until 
July 6. The sexual forms were also collected on Prunus, 


September 8, 1912, at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. This 


species is quite distinct from other species found on Prunus 
spp. because of missing nectaries, although all the other 
characters are typical of the genus Aphis. 


ASIPHONAPHIS new genus. 
Antennae with six segments and wing venation and vaaids 
as in Aphis. The character which makes it distinct from 
Aphis is the lack of visible nectaries. The male as well as 


the oviparous female is apterous. 


Type: Asiphonaphis pruni n. sp. 


Asiphonaphis pruni new species. 

Apterous viviparous female.—General color whitish green with tid 
of dark green, extending across the abdomen. There are about eight 
distinct bands on the abdomen and two more or less indistinct marks 


- between the thoracic segments. The bands on the abdomen are. en- 
_jarged in the middle and at both ends. The enlarged areas in the 


center are angular, while those on the ends are rounded. In the center 
of each end spot a light spot can be seen which is the opening to the 
spiracle. In the older individuals the central group of spots are more 
or less confluent and form a longitudinal stripe extending the length 
of the abdomen. The last three cross bands show a series of white 
spots regularly placed either four or six in the first band and four in 
last. 5 
Antennae light at the base and dusky to black at the tip. Legs, ex- 
cept the knees and tarsi, light colored. Antennae with six segments, 
the spur of the sixth being slightly longer than the third. The apterous 


forms producing the sexes in the fall usually have the third and fourth 
antennal segments coalesced. 


40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, — [ Feb.,’19 


Prothorax with a large broad tubercle on each side and abdomen 
with a series of smaller tubercles along each side. 

Cauda curved upward and knobbed at the tip. 

Measurements.—Length of body 2.5 mm. Length of antennal seg- 
ments, III, 0.35 mm.; IV, 0.25 mm.; V, 0.25 mm.: VI, base, 0.166 mm. ; 
spur, 0.46 mm. 

Alate viviparous female—General color of antennae, head and 
thorax, black. Abdomen light green, with darker green bands as in 
the apterous female. Antennae and legs dusky to black except the 
base of the antennae and the basal two-thirds of the tibiae. 

Third antennal segment with numerous round sensoria of irregular 
size and with a thick edge. Fourth segment with three to six or more 
similar sensoria and fifth with none to two or three small ones besides 
the usual large sensorium near the distal end. 

Prothorax with a large wide tubercle on each side and a series of 
unusually conspicuous tubercles and hairs along each side of the ab- 
domen. 

Wings with two cubital veins and the median vein with two forks. 
the terminal branch about one-third the distance from the tip to point 
where the first branches. In several individuals at hand the second 
cubital vein is also forked close to the edge of the wing. In the hind 
wing it is not uncommon to find the median vein branched near its 
base. The wing veins conspicuously brown. 

Measurements—Length of body, 2 mm. Length of antennal seg- 
ments, III, 0.41 mm.; IV, 0.31 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, base, 0.18 mm.; 
spur, 0.52 mm. 

Apterous male.—Only apterous observed. Head blackish, thorax 
dusky and abdomen yellowish and slightly dusky with three paler longi- 
tudinal areas. Antennae black, legs dusky, cornicles and cauda con- 
colorous with abdomen. 

The spur of the sixth antennal segment nearly twice as long as the 
third; small sensoria on all, excepting the two basal segments, irregu- 
larly placed and in numbers as follows: Third segment with none to 
six, fourth with 8 to 19, fifth with 14 to 17, not including the usual 
distal one, and base of segment six with none to 2, not including the 
usual group at apex. Body bearing conspicuous tubercles along each 
side as in other forms. 

Measurements.—Length of body, 1.25 mm.; width, 0.51 mm. Length 
of antennal segments, III, 0.19 mm.; IV, 0.14 mm.; V, 0.16 mm.; VI, 
base, 0.09 mm.; spur, 0.35 mm. 


Cotypes in the collection of the U. S. National Museum and 
the authors’ collection. 


SO ee fee ee eS pe a ee ee ee 


Peg rene eee 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 41 


Neocorynura, a Genus of Halictine Bees (Hym.). 
By T. D. A. CocKERELL, Boulder, Colorado. 


Schrottky proposed the name Neocorynura for Cacosoma 
F. Smith, preoccupied. The species are very numerous in 
Peru, and adjacent parts of Bolivia and Brazil; but they also 
extend as far north as Mexico, and the following form is to 
be added to that fauna: 

Neocorynura discolor knabiana subsp. n. 

9 .—Length about 8 mm., anterior wing 6.7 (true discolor 9 mm., 
wing 7.5 mm.); first abdominal segment reddish-black, brilliant green 
at sides and base; second segment with laterobasal corners’ bright 
green; third with a green basal band, covered with white tomentum. 
Antennae red at apex. 

Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, January 20, 1908 (F. Knab), 
U. S. Nat. Museum. 

Differs from typical N. discolor, as described by Smith, and 
again (from four examples collected by Sallé) by Vachal. in 
the green base of abdomen. The wings are greyish, with the 
marginal cell and beyond broadly fuliginous. This is also very 
near N. chlorocion (Vachal), but is easily separated by the 
black face. It is also related to N. lignys (Vachal), which 
Mr. Knab took at Cordoba on the same day. 

The following key separates this from a series of Mexican 
and Central American specimens now before me, and records 
some new localities: 


Abdomen elongated, distinctly claviform, segments 2 and 3 green at 

base; males. (Cordova, Mexico, May 10, L. O. Howard)*, 
N. chlorocion (Vachal) 
Abdomen ordinary, or scarcely elongated; females................. I 
1. First abdominal segment with very lagge coarse punctures; marginal 
cell and beyond fuscous (Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama, July, 
19007, Aug: Busck) .......0.000cee sees N. cuprifrons (F. Smith) 
First abdominal segment not thus punctured.................... 2 

2. Smaller; area of metathorax brilliant pale green, 

N. discolor knabiana Ckll. 
Larger; area of metathorax not thus green...N. lignys (Vachal) 


* One of the N. chlorocion males carries two stylopids; this adds a 


genus to the list of those parasitized by Stylopids. The N. chlorocion 


have the wings appreciably dusky and the second abdominal segment 
quite closely punctured, but they are surely this species, which was 
originally recorded from Orizaba. 


42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Feb.,’19 


Probably one of these is hopalictus chalcozonia Sichel, of 
which Sichel said that he had a series from Mexico, but lacked 
time and space to describe it. Such time and space were never 
found, so far as I can discover, and the name remains nude. 
Halictus konowi Ducke is the same as N. cu'prifrons, as Ducke 
himself stated. Smith, for no valid reason, described the in- 
sect as a Megalopta, so Ducke’s mistake is not surprising. I 
have examined Smith’s type. 

From Chanchamayo, Peru (Rosenberg), the U. S. Nat. 
Museum has specimens of N. lampter (Vachal) and N. lepi- 
dodes (Vachal). The latter was described from Bolivia, and 
is new to Peru. I have one from Mapiri, Bolivia, sent by 
Schrottky. 


Notes on the Phylogeny of the Orthoptera.* 
By G. C. Crampton, Ph.D. 


Practically all of those investigators who have recently dis- 
cussed the phylogeny of the Orthoptera, agree in deriving them 
from Blattid-like ancestors. In a number of papers dealing 
with a phylogenetic study of various structural features in in- 
sects related to the Orthoptera, I have maintained that the 
Plecoptera rather than the Blattidae are more like the ancestral 
stock from which all of these forms are descended, and I 
would briefly summarize the reason for so thinking in the fol- 
lowing discussion. : 

The appended diagram is offered to aid in visualizing the re- 
lationships of the different lines of descent here discussed ; but 
it should be borne in mind that such a diagram should be rep- 
resented in three dimensions rather than in one plane, if the 
real relationships of the different groups are to be correctly 
portrayed. Thus the three lines of descent depicted as though 
clustering about the Blattids should be represented as though, 
springing off from the main stem at right angles to the plane 
of the other groups, since these larger groups approach one 
another from different angles, and the same holds true for 
the various branches within a larger group; but the diagram as 
given will serve for all practical purposes. 

The “Lepismoid” insects such as Lepisma, Nicoletia, etc., 
(with which such forms as Machilis might be likewise includ- 


*Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachu- 
setts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 43 


ed, although not belonging to the same order) are anatomically 
intermediate between the other Apterygota and the Pterygota, 
and are therefore placed at the base of the stem. The fossil 
Palaeodictyoptera seem to be very near the first winged in- 
sects to be evolved, and are therefore placed a little above the 
Lepismoid forms in the diagram. The Ephemerida are very 
closely connected with the Palaeodictyoptera, and also ex- 
hibit undoubted affinities with the Plecoptera, so that it is 
extremely difficult to determine whether to group them with 
the Palaeodictyoptera, or with the Plecoptera—or even in a 
distinct group to which the strongly aberrant order Odonata 
should be added. The Ephemerida are placed a little above 
the Palaeodictyoptera, since they are among the most primi- 
tive living winged insects known, (although in some features 


GRYLLIDAE 
“yocusTipaz” |  7RIDACTYLIDAE 
scrum lopcens ACRIDIDAE 
GRYLLOBLATTIDAE, PHASMIDAE 
Sygsliass DERMAPTERA 
MANTIDAR 
BLATTIDAE EMBIIDAE 


PLECOPTERA 
EPHEMERIDA 


PALARODICTYOPTERA 
LEPISMOIDEA 


44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Feb.,’19 


they have become rather highly specialized), and it is to the 
living forms that the following discussion is largely limited. 

The Plecoptera appear to be a “‘synthetic” group combining 
in themselves a number of features which are carried over in- 
to the other lines of development by the more primitive rep- 
resentatives of each group. The Lepismid-like head, the 
primitive wings, thoracic sclerites and appendages (even the 
trimerous tarsi may prove to be more primitive than the penta- 
merous type) and the nature of the abdominal region with its 
appendages, not to mention the primitive condition of the 
nervous system, alimentary tract, and other internal struc- 
tures, all point to the fact that the Plecoptera have departed 
as little as any living forms from the probable ancestral con- 
dition of the forebears of the higher groups, and the palaeon- 
tological record is in full accord with this view. As is indi- 
cated in the diagram, the Embiidae are extremely closely re- 
lated to the Plecoptera, and the Dermaptera are closely re- 
lated to both Embiids and Plecoptera, although they seem to 
have somewhat more in common with the Embiids than with 
the Plecoptera. These three orders, together with the 
Coleoptera, constitute the superorder Panplecoptera. Certain 
Palaeodictyoptera such as Stenodictya exhibit a number of 
features which have been retained by certain members of the 
superorder Panplecoptera, and it is quite possible that some 
fossil forms such as the Haplopteroidea or Hadentomoidea 
might be included in this superorder also; but too little is 
known of the structural details of most of these fossil insects 
to enable us to definitely determine their closest affinities in 
the- present state of our knowledge of their anatomy—which 
seems to be confined largely to wing-veins! 

The Blattidae are regarded by most investigators as the 
lowest living representatives of the group to which they be- 
long, and their type is undoubtedly an extremely ancient one; 
but I am by no means certain that the Blattidae are so much 
more primitive (anatomically) than the Isoptera, as some 
palaeontologists would have us believe. The opisthognathous 
head, which is typical of the Blattids as a whole, is certainly 


- TN ete oe Tee SS A at 


sti a ie a 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 45 


of a higher type than the more prognathous one found in many 
Isoptera, and the great extent of the compound eyes upward 
toward the top of the head, which occurs in so many Blattids 
should also be regarded as a more highly specialized condition. 
The thickening of the fore wings to form tegmina indicates 
another specialized condition in the Blattids, as does the ex- 
tremely flattened condition of the body developed in connection 
with their hiding habits. The asymmetrical development of 
the genitalia of the males and the asymmetry of the cerci (in 
regard to the number of segments composing them) and other 
similar features would indicate that the Blattids are somewhat 
more modified than the Isoptera in some respects; although in 
others, the Blattids are much more primitive than the Isoptera. 
The Isoptera have preserved a number of features occurring 


‘in the more primitive members of the group to which the 


Plecoptera belong, such as the nature of the thoracic sclerites, 
etc., which suggest that the Isoptera are even closer than the 
Blattids are, to the very primitive Plecopteroid group; so that 
if we are to regard the Plecoptera as the nearest living rep- 
resentatives of the ancestors of the other groups under dis- 
cussion, it might be argued that the Isoptera are near the an- 
cestral type connecting the Blattoid group with the Plecop- 
teroid group. I am as yet unwilling to go to this extreme, 
however, since I regard the lower Blattids as more primitive 
than the lower Isoptera, taking their anatomy as a whole. The 
fossil. Protoblattoidea as reconstructed by Handlirsch cer- 
tainly show a marked resemblance to certain members of the 
group to which the Plecoptera belong, as well as to the 
Palaeodictyoptera, and it is quite probable that these Pro- 
toblattoidea more nearly represent the ancestral type leading 
back to the Plecoptera-like forebears than the Isoptera do, 
particularly since the Isoptera are quite highly specialized in 


regard to many features in which the Blattids are decidedly. 


primitive. 

The Blattids and Mantids are extremely closely related, and 
their lines of development soon merge in a common stock when 
traced back toward their point of origin. Handlirsch would 


46. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Feb.,’19 


derive the Mantids from Protoblattoid ancestors, and if this 
be correct, it is very probable that the Blattids also are 
descended from the same type of ancestor, and the Proto- 
blattoids might be regarded as the forms connecting the Blat- ~ 
tids and Mantids with the ancestral Plecopteroid stock. The 
Isopteron line of development does not follow that of the Blat- 
tids quite as closely as the Mantids do, and I am not certain 
whether the Isoptera branched off from the common Blattid- 
Mantid stock at a point near the origin of this common stock, 
or somewhere further along its path of development. There 
is some reason for considering that the Isopteron line arose 
rather near the base of this common stock, however, and I 
would consider that the lack of fossil remains of Isoptera in 
the earlier strata is again due to the incompleteness of the 
palaeontological record rather than to the fact that the 
Isoptera supposedly did not arise until a much later geolog- 
ical period than the Blattids, as Handlirsch would maintain. 
At any rate, the Isoptera have retained some very primitive 
characters which occur among the lower representatives of the 
Plecopteroid group, and their early or late geological appear- 
ance cannot alter this fact; so that the study of the ancestral 
features occurring in the Isoptera and Mantids is extremely in- 
structive for a phylogenetic comparison with the structures of 
the Dermapteron and Embiid representatives of the Plecop- 
teroid group, with which they have a surprisingly large num- 
ber of features in common. The Isoptera, Mantidae and Blat- 
tidae have been grouped in the superorder Panisoptera and it 
is possible that the fossil Protoblattoidea belong in this super- 
order also; but I would not group the Corrodentia, Mallophaga 
and Siphunculata with them, as Handlirsch seems to do. The 
Corrodentia with the Neuroptera appear to be an offshoot of 
the Plecopteroid stock leading toward the Hemipteron line of 
development, and as has been pointed out in several papers, the 
Corrodentia, Mallophaga, Siphunculata (Anoplura), Thysan- 
optera, Hemiptera and their allies constitute the superorder 
Panhomoptera whose line of development parallels remarkably 
closely that of the superorder Panneuroptera (composed of 
the Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Diptera, Siphonaptera, Hymen- 


ME ER eae ars bon, RS ream ame 


PN Oe PST Aerts et MI CM ree SDV aa 2 eh Se Fae The vy 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 47 


optera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, and such fossil forms as the 
Protomecoptera, etc.). The relationships of these other forms, 
however, have no bearing on the ancestry of the Orthoptera, 
and need not be further considered here. 

In making a study of the ancestry of the Orthopteroid in- 
sects, the condition found in such primitive representatives of 
the group as the Grylloblattids and Phasmids is fully as instruc- 
tive as the study of the fossil Orthoptera thus far described, 
since these fossil forms appear to be in many respects even 
more highly modified than the Grylloblattids, etc., and one can 
make out practically nothing of their anatomical details from 
figures of them, due no doubt to their poor state of preserva- 
tion, yet in most cases it is just these structural details which 
give us the clue to relationships and greatly simplify an other- 
wise extremely difficult study. On this account I have given 
more attention to the study of the interesting little insect 
Grylloblatta campodeiformis (described by Dr. EF. M. Walker) 
which is so to speak a “living fossil” having preserved many 
features occurring in the more primitive representatives of the 
other lower groups of insects, and which appears to have de- 
parted as little as any known form from the probable ances- 
tral condition of the Orthoptera as a whole. No one insect, 
however, has retained all of the ancestral features, and the 
study of such primitive Phasmids as the interesting little in- 
sect Timema californica Scudder is no less important, since 
it has preserved certain features which even Grvylloblatta has 
lost. Unfortunately both of these insects are wingless; but I 
do not consider this a great handicap in such a study, since I 
cannot help thinking that too great weight has been placed up- 
on a phylogenetic study of the wing veins alone, and anyone 
who will go into the matter at all deeply will soon become con- 
vinced that it is only through an examination of a widely dif- 
ferent series of structures from as many parts of the body as 


possible, that we can come to an approximately correct con-. 


clusion in the matter of determining the relationships of the 
different orders of insects, so that it may perhaps be a good 
idea to give the already overworked wing-venation a rest, and 
take up the consideration of some other features as well. 


48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Feb.,’19 


Dr. Walker (Canadian Entomologist, Vol. xlvi, page 93), 
has maintained that the line of. development of Grylloblatta 
should be traced back to the Blattids as the nearest living rep- 
resentative of the ancestors from which the Grylloblattids 
were derived, while I have contended that although Gryl- 
loblatta exhibits undoubted affinities with such Blattoid in- 
sects as the Mantidae (and Isoptera also), the Embiids and 
Dermaptera more nearly represent the ancestral stock from 
which the Grylloblattids were descended.* i 


(To be continued. ) 


A Few Hours on Mt. Washington (Lepid.). 

On July 31, 1918, I ascended Mt. Washington, on the carriage road, ~ 
to just beyond the five mile post. Below the Half-way House a short 
distance, the first Argynnis montinus was seen. A little farther on 
the road they were fairly abundant, one appearing on the wing every 
few minutes. They settled to feed on the flowers of Solidago virgaurea 
Linn., a very pretty little species of goldenrod, and while so occupied, 
could be caught, if approached carefully. Some specimens settled in 
the road, but I did not see any on flowers other than the one men- 
tioned. The specimens were all fresh and in fine condition. - Dr. Scud- 
der gives July 12th as the earliest date of their appearance and the 
latest as September 15th. Some years ago I caught a number of speci- 
mens on August 20th at the same locality, but they were not in as fine 
condition. It is likely that they do not appear before the month of 
July. Their life history is unknown and to elucidate it some days 
should be spent on the mountain. I caught a number of females of the 
species, but was not fortunate enough to find one ovipositing. It is not 
unlikely that the female drops her eggs over the food plant as is the 
habit in some other species of the genus. The collector would probably 
always find the species on clear days during the time of its appearance. 
In the afternoon, when the east side of the mountain was in the 
shadow, I did not see any of the butterflies. 

Plusia u-aureum Guen. was quite abundant on the goldenrod and in 
perfect condition. One female of Chionobas semidea was taken just 
above the five mile post. This is probably a low altitude for it on the 
mountain. This particular day was wonderfully clear and the views 
superb, and it was a great pleasure to have good collecting and an inter- 
esting tramp up the big hill—Hrnry SKINNER. 


*Mr. A. N. Caudell has kindly permitted me to make a study of 
specimens of Zoraptera (whose line of descent branches off near the 
base of the Isopteron line), and an examination of this material would 
indicate that the fairly even balance of characters in the Grylloblattids 
between the superorders Panisoptera and Panplecoptera is made to 
swing slightly nearer the Zoraptera and other Panisoptera, thus swing- 
ing the base of the line of development of the Grylloblattids slightly 
toward the side of the Zoraptera (with the Isoptera and Mantidae), 
although the Grylloblattids are also very close to the Embiids and 
Dermaptera. It is very probable that the genitalia of male Gryllo- 
blattids will be found to resemble those of the Zoraptera remarkably 
closely. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBUARY, IQIQ. 


Entomology at the Convocation Week Meetings. 

When arrangements were first made in the Autumn of 1918 
for the meetings of the American Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science and Affiliated Societies at Baltimore, Decem- 
ber 23 to 28, 1918, wartime conditions were such as to lead to 


positive discouragement of any large attendance. With the 


signing of the armistice, an increased interest was manifested 


and several societies, which had decided to hold no sessions, 
arranged scientific programs. Nevertheless the annual pro- 
gram of the seventy-first meeting of the A. A. A. S. and of 


the meetings of other societies is a slim pamphlet of. but forty- 


_ four pages in comparison with those of recent years. The 


number of papers, which can be called entomological in any 
sense, listed therein is but 64, and is much smaller than for 
many years. Fifty-two of these appear on the program of the 
American Association of Economic Entomologists, including 
the Apicultural and Horticultural Inspection Sections, 6 on 
the joint program of Section F, Zoology, of the A. A. A. S., 
and the American Society of Zoologists, 2 each on those of 
the American Society of Naturalists and of the Ecological So- 
ciety of America, 1 each on those of Section I, Social and 
Economic Science, A. A. A. S., and the School Garden Asso- 
ciation. 

The presidential address before the Economic Entomol- 


ogists, by Dr. E. D. Ball, was on “Economic Entomology, — 


Its Foundation and Future.” Prof. Herbert Osborn, as retir- 

ing Vice-President of Section F, spoke on “Zoological Aims 

and Values.” Dr. L. O. Howard gave a paper at the confer- 
49 


50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Feb.,’19 


ence between Government and Laboratory Zoologists arranged 
for the same section, and Prof. J. G. Needham led the discus- 
sion following. Dr. Howard also spoke on ‘Economic Ento- 
mology and the War” before Section I. The two papers with 
entomological bearing given before the Ecological Society were 
by H. C. Oberholser, “Ecological Investigations under the 
Federal Government” and V. E. Shelford, “Suggestions as to 
the Climograph of Deciduous Forest Invertebrates, as illus- 
trated by Experimental Data on the Codling Moth.” Not in- 
cluded in the numbers given above were the papers presented 
to the Optical Society of America on various optical apparatus, 
of interest to entomologists. 


Smokers for biologists, and dinners for the Naturalists and 
Ecologists were held as usual. 


<42> 
=<—er 


Entomological Literature. 
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 


Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
tomology of the Americas (North and South). including Arachnida and 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- 
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species. will be recorded. 

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. 

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 
first installments. 

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the 
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title, 
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at 
end of title, within brackets. 

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Fin- 
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- 
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 


2—Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Phila- 
delphia. 4—Canadian Entomologist, London, Can. 5—Psyche, 
Cambridge, Mass. 7?—Annals of the Entomological Society of 
America, Columbus, Ohio. 9—The Entomologist, London. 11— 
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 12—Journal 
of Economic Entomology, Concord, N. H. 16—The Lepidopterist, 
Salem, Mass. 17—Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 19—Bulletin of the 
Brooklyn Entomological Society. 20—Bulletin de la Societe Ento- 


* 


Ae 
- 
= me 
arr 
2 
‘a 
Be 
b 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 51 


mologique de France, Paris. 51—Archiv fur Mikroskopische Ana- 
tomie, Bonn. 54—Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash- 
ington, D. C. 61—Proceedings of the California Academy of Sci- 
ences, San Francisco. 62—Bulletin of the American Museum of 
Natural History, New York. 63—Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana 
de Historia Natural “Felipe Poey,” Habana. 64~—Parasitology, 
London. 65—Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, 
Geneve. 66—Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 67—Le 
Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 68—Science, Lancaster, Pa. 69— 
Comptes Rendus, des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences, Paris. 
70—Journal of Morphology, Philadelphia. 71—Novitates Zoologi- 
eae, Tring, England. 72—The Annals of Applied Biology, Lon- 
don. 73—Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 
Sydney. 74—Proceedings of the Staten Island Institute of Arts 


and Sciences, New York. 75—The Anatcmical Record, Philadel- 
phia. 76—Nature, London. 


GENERAL. Bentley, G. M.—Benefits to be derived from ob- 
serving, collecting and studying insects (Tennessee State Board 
of Entomology, Knoxville. Bull. No. 20). Cardin, P. G—Notas 
entomologicas. 68, iii, 53-61. F. A. D—Nursing habits of ants and 
termites. 76, cii, 308-9. Ellsworth, A—The vastness of insect life. 
17, ii, 92-4. Knab, F.—Obituary. 12, xi, 484-5. Mann, W. M.— 
Myrmecophilous insects from Cuba. 5, xxv, 104-6. Swett & Cas- 
sino—The White Mountains of New Hampshire. 16, ii, 90-6 
(cont.). Woodward, C. W.—The pronunciation of insect names. 
19, xiii, 122-3. 

GENETICS. Nakahara, W.—Some observations on the grow- 
ing oocytes of the stonefly, Perla immarginata, with special regard 


to the origin and function of the nucleolar structures. 75, xv, 203- 
15. 


MEDICAL. King, W. V.—Memorandum on a case of dermal 


myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata. (New Orleans Med. & Surg. 
Journal, Ixxi, 106-8.). 


ARACHNIDA AND MYRIAPODA. Brethes, J.—Nephila ri- 
verai, nouvelle araignee argentine. 20, 1918, 216-18. 

Chamberlin, R. V.—Myriopods from Okefenokee Swamp, Ga., 
and from Natchitoches Parish, La. [10 new]. 7, xi, 369-80. New 
spiroboloid diplopods [7 n. sps.]. 54, xxxi, 165-70. 


NEUROPTERA. Banks, N.—Termites of Panama and British 
Guiana. 62, xxxviii, 659-67. Dobson, R. J—A European termite, 
Reticulotermes lucifugus, in the vicinity of Boston. 5, xxv, 99-101. 
Howe, R. H.—Distributional notes on New England Odonata. II. 


52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Feb.,’19 


5, xxv, 106-10. Kennedy, C. H.—The varieties of the dragonfly, 
Agrion aequabile. 4, 1918, 406-11. Peacock, A. D-—The structure 
‘of the mouthparts and mechanism of feeding in Pediculus humanus. 
64, xi, 98-117. Stohr, R. P—Odonates des environs de Saint Alex- 
andre, Ironside, P. Q. 67, xiv, 81-5. Tillyard, R. J.—The structure 
of the cubitus in the wings of the [Australian] Myrmeleontidae. 
73, xliii, 116-22. Whedon, A. D.—The comparative morphology 
and possible adaptations of the abdomen in the Odonata. 2, xliv, 
373-437. 


ORTHOPTERA. Chopard, L.—Apropos des Cylindrachaeta, 
-genre de gryllides endophyte [S. Am.]. 20, 1918, 213-16. Cramp- 
ton, G. C.—The thoracic sclerites of the grasshopper Dissosteira 
carolina. 7, xi, 347-68. Dusham, E. H.—The wax glands of the 
‘cockroach (Blatta germanica). 70, xxxi, 563-81. 


HEMIPTERA. Ball, E. D.—The phlepsids of Mexico and Cent. 
Am. (Cicadellinae). 7, xi, 381-92. Becker, G. G—Empoasca mali 
attacks man. 5, xxv, 101. Fracker, S. B—The Alydinae of the 
U. S. 7, xi, 255-82. Green, E. E.—A list of Coccidae affecting 
various genera of plants. 72, v, 143-56. Olsen, C. E.—Notes on 
‘some Cicadellinae in the U. S. Nat. Museum. 19, xiii, 119-21. 
Parshley, H. M.—Three sps. of Anasa injurious in the north. 12, 
“xi, 471-2. Taylor, L. H.—The thoracic sclerites of Hemiptera and 
‘Heteroptera. 7%, xi, 225-54. Weiss & Dickerson—The life-history 
“and early stages of Corythucha parshleyi. 4, 1918, 401-6. Weiss 
-& Nicolay—The life history and early stages of Calophya nigri- 
pennis. 12, xi, 467-70. 


Knight, H. H.—Interesting n. sps. of Miridae . . . with a note 
‘on Orthocephalus mutabilis [7 new]. 19, xiii, 111-16. Van Duzee, 
-E. P.—New species of H., chiefly from California [many new]. 61, 
viil, 271-308. 
_ LEPIDOPTERA. Bonniwell, J. G--Arachnis zuni. 16, ii, 85. 
Davidson, W. M.—The California pistol-case bearer (Coleophora 
sacramenta). 12, xi, 446-53. Hampson, G. F.—Some small families 
of the L. which are not included in the key to the families in the 
catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalaenae. 71, xxv, 366-94. Mosher, E. 
—Pupae of common Sphingidae of eastern No. Am. 7, xi, 403-42. 
Pictet, A.—Sur l’origine du dimorphisme sexuel de coloration chez 
les lepidopteres. Intervention de l’elevation de la temperature 
pour provoquer l’eclosion des papillons. 65, xlvi, Suppl. 17-22, 
32-34. Prout, L. B.-A provisional arrangement of the Dioptidae. 
71, xxv, 395-429. Reiff, W.—Colias philodice, f. nigrofasciata. 17, 
ii, 90-1. Swett, L. W.—A new geometrid. 16, ii, 82-4. - 


i A a 


a 


Pate ae 


esis Sal he ARE 


Se en 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 


Cassino, S. E.—A new form of Cataloca [Catocala] blandula. 
Catocala faustina f. rubra. 16, ii, 81-2; 84-5. Grinnell, F—Some 
variations in the genus Vanessa [3 new]. 5, xxv, 110-15. 


DIPTERA. Cameron, A. E.—The oviposition habit of Gastro- 
philus nasalis. 68, xlix, 26. Davis, W. T.—-The Tabanidae of Sta- 
ten Island, N. Y. 74, vi, 201-3. Johnson, C. W.—Notes on the 
species of the genus Dioctria. 5, xxv, 102-3. Morris, H. M.—The 
larval and pupal stages of Scatopse notata. 72, v, 102-111. Pra- 
shad, B—Larval and pupal stages of an Indian Chaoborus and 
Dixa. 66, xv, 153-8. Roubaud, E.—Rythmes physiologiques et vol 
spontane chez l’Anopheles maculipennis. 69, 1918, 967-9. Royer, 
M.—Note sur la ponte d’Anopheles maculipennis. 20, 1918, 211-13. 


Aldrich, J. M.—The kelp-flies of N. Am. (Fucellia, Anthomyii- 
dae), [4 new]. 61, viii, 157-179. Malloch, J. R—Three new North 
Am. Chloropidae. 19, xiii, 108-11. Petley, F. W.—A revision of the 
genus Sciara of the family Mycetophilidae [2:28]. 7, xi, 319-46. 


COLEOPTERA. Davis, A. C.—Notes on Pleocoma (II). 19, 
xiii, 116-18. Denier, P.—Sur le genre Picnoseus (Meloidae) [S. 
Am.]. 20, 1918, 208-10. Kraatz, W. C.—Scirtes tibialis, with ob- 
servations on its life history (Dascylidae). 7, xi, 393-402. Leng, 
C. W.—Some beetles of a Staten Island garden. 74, vi, 204-9. 
Woods, W. C.—The alimentary canal of the larva of Altica bimar- 
ginata. 7, xi, 283-318. 


Blatchley, W. S.—Some new or scarce C. from western and 
southern Florida [3 new]. 4, 1918, 416-24. Wolcott, A. B—Notes 
on Cleridae [2 n. gen.]. 19, xiii, 107-8. 


HYMENOPTERA. Buchner, P.—Vergleichende eistudien I. 
Die akzessorischen kerne des hymenoptereneies. 51, xci, Abt. 2, 
1-202. Cockerell, T. D. A.—Descriptions and records of bees 
[Mex.]. 11, ii, 476-82. Bees from British Guiana. 62, xxxvili, 
685-90. Howard, L. O.—Two new instances of polyembryony 
among the Encyrtidae. 68, xlix, 43-4. 


Beutenmuller, W.—Two new Cynipidae. 19, xiii, 118-19. Brad- 
ley, J. C—Descriptions [of 3 new sps.] and records of some inter- 
esting parasitic H. mostly collected . . . in Tompkins County, 
N. Y. 19, xiii, 98-106. Cockerell, T. D. A—-Some halictine bees 
[2 new]. 9, 1918, 261-2. 


A CoLiector’s MANUAL IN SPANISH.—That very energetic worker, 
Prof. Carlos E. Porter, Director of the Museum and Laboratory of 
Applied Zoology, etc., at Santiago, Chile, has recently published a — 


SA ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS. [ Feb., 1 


compact, comprehensive and well illustrated manual entitled “Breves 
Instrucciones para, la Recoleccion, Conservacion y Envio de Ejemplares 
de Historia Natural Para los Museos.” In this manual he includes 
illustrations and instructions covering virtually the whole animal king- 
dom, and adds seven pages on botany and nine on geology. The portion 
on Entomology is full and well illustrated. This is evidently a third 
edition of this useful book, the sain iat editions having been published 
in I90I and 1903. 

We have nothing just like this in English, although the U. S. National 
Museum has published several pamphlets giving directions for collect- 
ing and preserving different groups. The bringing of all this material 
together might be advisable, since many people could use such a work. 
Evidently Professor Porter has found that his manual is of value in 
South America, as is shown by the necessity for publishing three 
editions—L. O. Howarp, Washington, D. C. 


InyJuRIous INsEcts AND UseFuL Birps. SuccessFuL CoNTROL OF 
Farm Pests. By F. L. Wasupurn, M.A., Prof. of Entomology, Univ. 
of Minn.; Entomologist to the Minn. Exper. Station, and State Ento- 
mologist; Fellow of A. A. A. S., Member Amer. Assoc. Econ. Ent.; 
Ent. Soc. Amer., Am. Soc. Naturalists, etc. 414 illustrations in text 
and four colored plates. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and 
London.—Prof. Washburn states that the suggestions in his book are 
largely the results of twenty-one years of work in Economic Ento- 
mology. The book is intended for the use of high schools, agricultural 
colleges, farmers, orchardists, vegetable growers, owners of gardens 
and housekeepers. The questions at the ends of chapters are useful, 
and in addition to the usual chapters on insects injurious to vegetation 
there are chapters on insects affecting man and the household; insects 
and insect-like animals attacking stock and poultry. A very valuable 
‘feature is the chapter on the relations of birds to agriculture, which is 
illustrated by the useful birds. The work closes with the chapter on 
some of the four-footed pests of the farm. This is an all-round good 
book and we can heartily recommend it.—Henry SKINNER. 


Wasp Stupies Ariecp. By Pum Rav and NEL RAv, with an Intro- 
duction by Wirt1am M. WuHeerer. Princeton University Press. 
1918. Price $2.00. 

We take pleasure in helping to introduce this mightily interesting 
book. The authors are well known to students of animal behavior for 
their accuracy in depicting the life and ways of insects. The fact that 
Prof. Wheeler gives the introduction vouches for the scientific im- 
‘portance of the work. The subject, with one or two exceptions, is the 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 55 


habits of the wasps that build their nests in burrows, How they go 
about this, how they provide food for their young, how they find their 
well-concealed nest again, are all described in the most interesting 
manner. Marvelous instances of place memory, displays of instinct, 
are mentioned, also ingenious experiments are made on the homing of 
the common paper-nest wasp. The book is the result of four years’ 
out-of-door study, generally within a radius of thirty miles of St. Louis, 
of these wasps “in their natural haunts while pursuing their occupations 
in their own ways.” One of the most interesting chapters is that on 
“Some Bembicine Wasps,” in which are described the nesting and social 
habits of the western burrowing wasp, Bembix nubilipennis. The pe- 
culiar nuptial or sun dance is vividly pictured in words. A colony of 
these wasps nested year after year in a bald and bare space in a field 
which the boys of the neighborhood kept packed hard in pursuit of 
their weekly baseball game. Even though suddenly interrupted in 
their sun dance or nest building, the wasps returned at the first oppor- 
tunity. How the mother attends the nest and her young until its 
maturity, and other minute details in the habits of this wasp are men- 
tioned, showing close and patient observation. The chapter on pom- 
pilid wasps, especially as regards Pompiloides tropicus, is- scarcely 
less interesting. Here are described the peculiar methods of carrying 
the prey, erratic actions during excavation of the burrows, and. the 
-constant guard against parasites. The patience of the observers is 
somewhat realized when reading this chapter, especially that part 
relating to the tantalizing actions of Priocnemis pompilius. Othér 
chapters describing the habits of some fly-catching wasps, bee-killing 
wasps, the muddaubers which build their mud nests in the gables and 
on the rafters of our buildings, wood-boring wasps, the sand-loving 
ammophila, and the mining eumenid wasps, are all of absorbing inter- 
est. The nesting habits of the hunters of Orthoptera in the genera 
Alyson, Tachysphex, and particularly Priononyx atratum and thomae, 
are minutely described. Here is told how the cow-bird wasp, Stisus 
unicinctus, watches thomae make and supply her nest and, when it is 
sealed and camouflaged, burrows down, destroys thomae’s egg and lays 
her own. In the last chapter, on general considerations, the authors 
comment on the evidences deduced from their observations. They state 
that “the data secured give evidence of four very definite attitudes 
[types?] of behavior: 1. That there are very definite and iron-clad 
instincts. 2. That, despite these instincts, which are constant in each | 
species, there is much variation in the behavior of the individuals. 
3. That there is a display of the expression of emotions in these crea- 
tures. 4. That, in many instances, there is much aptitude for learning, 
display of memory, profiting by experience and what seems to us ra- 
~ tional conduct.”—E. T. Cresson, Jr. 


56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Feb.,’19 


Doings of Societies. 


Entomological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. 

Meeting of September 26th, 1918, Director Philip Laurent presiding; 
eleven persons present. 

Orthoptera.—Mr. Rehn made a few remarks on the discovery of 
a new Asiatic species of a hitherto exclusively North American genus 
of Decticinae (Tettigoniidae), the comments illustrated by a series of 
all the known species of the genus. 

Lepidoptera.—Dr. Skinner reported that he secured a good col- 
lection of Argynnis montinus in the White Mountains this summer. 
Mr. Baylis exhibited a specimen of Catocala herodias, captured at 
Lakehurst, New Jersey, this summer, also several specimens of 
Chlorippe clyton bred from larvae taken along the Perkiomen Creek 
near Philadelphia—E. T. Cresson, Jr., Recorder. 


American Entomological Society. 

Meeting of April 25, 1918, in the hall of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia. Twelve persons present including Dr. 
Edwin C. Van Dyke, of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society, 
visitor. Dr. Henry Skinner presided. 

Coleoptera.—Dr. Van Dyke made an interesting communication 
on the general character, habits, distribution, relationship and taxonomic 
history of the family Elateridae. He discussed and described some 
of the characters upon which present students are basing their classi- 
fication in correlation with larval characters, showing some of the 
faults of the older system. He called attention to specialized charac- 
ters of protection and adaptation, also to others which show an affinity 
to, or parallelism with, the Lampyridae. He then took up some of 
the more important genera, giving general characteristics and distri- 
‘bution, leading into more detailed discussions of those of North 
America. He divided our fauna into genera of northern, southern, 
and of isolated origins, and explained the reason for the relationships 
of some widely separated species. The family is considered very 
primitive, which, to some extent, accounts for their similarity in 
general habitus. The work of Schwarz in the Genera Insectorum was 
severely criticized as not being of the constructive character as that of 
Leconte, Horn and Candeze. He commended the work of Hyslop in 
his investigations into the characters of the larvae. The speaker made 
special mention of the genus Cardiophorus and discussed in some 
details some of its peculiar characters. In answer to questions arising 
in the discussion following his communication, Dr. Van Dyke took 
up in more detail the origin and general distribution of the coleoptera 


E 
23 
= 
: 
= 
ct 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 57 


of North America, especially in regard to the Glacial, Ozarkan and 
Sonoran zones of dispersal. 

Mr. Rehn spoke of similar zonal dispersion in some orthopteran 
genera. 

Dr. Calvert brought up the question as to the origin and relation- 
ships of the Elateridae and Lampyridae, to which Dr. Van Dyke re- 
plied that they were evidently very close; probably of the same origin 
with more or less parallelism in their development of certain characters. 
Both families are considered by most authors as being of the most 
primitive of the coleoptera. 

Mr. Rehn illustrated the error in considering species as widely 
spread over certain areas while, in fact, if more detailed collecting 
was done and more detailed data given as to locality, altitude, and 
environment, it would be found that such species are more or less 
restricted, with distribution following only a well-defined, connected 
life zone. 


Meeting of June 10, 1918, in the same hall, Dr. Henry Skinner, 
President, in the chair. Sixteen persons present including Messrs. 
Passell and Kline, visitors. 

The custodian announced the following donations to the collection: 
two specimens Tabanus fusco-punctaius from Florida, from G. M. 
Greene; twenty species Crane flies and larvae in alcohol, from C. P. 
Alexander; 300 microscopic slides of the male genitalia of the genus 
Lycaena (Lepidoptera) and the insects from which the segments 
were taken, from R. C. Williams, Jr. 

Orthoptera.—Mr. Rehn exhibited the series of the Acridid genus 
Mermiria from the Hebard collection, all the known forms being rep- 
resented by large series. The speaker also made some comments on 
the relationship and distribution of the species, followed by discus- 
sion on the distribution of insects in general by Messrs. Calvert, 
Skinner and Williams. 

- Coleoptera—Mr. Laurent exhibited specimens of Hylotrupes ba- 
julus Lec., and the destructive work the larvae had done in a pine 
poard. The speaker cited a case at Anglesea, New Jersey, where the 


larvae of this beetle had honeycombed the yellow pine flooring of a 
house to such an extent that it was necessary to lay an entire new 


floor. 
Lepidoptera——Dr. Skinner reported Alypia octomaculata as abun-— 


dant here this year and swarming in New York. 


The following were elected to membership: Messrs. Arthur H. 
Napier, Geo. M. Greene and J. Wagener Green.—R. C. WrtiAMs, Jr., 


Recording Secretary. 


58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Feb., ’19 


Feldman Collecting Social. 

Meeting of September 18th, 1918, at the home of H. W. Wenzel, 
5614. Stewart Street, Philadelphia; ten members present. President 
H. W. Wenzel in the chair. 

Lepidoptera. —Mr. Hairmbach mentioned Eucosma adamantana Gn., 
a species described from Lapland and never seen again from that time 
until rediscovered by Mr. Daecke in New Jersey sixty years later. Said 
he had gone to Lucaston on September 12 and, though it was the 
proper time and he worked over the ground for six hours, he was 
unable to get a single specimen. Also said he has bred thousands of 
Callosamia promethea Dru. and this year was about to liberate 
several specimens when he noticed an odd form which proved to be 
the aberration caeca described from a unique female from New York 
by Cockerell in Packard’s Monograph of the Bombycine Moths of 
North America III, p. 228, 1914, and the type presented to the United 
States National Museum. 

Coleoptera.—Dr. Castle said his annual trip to Maryland was a 
complete failure though he had gone a week later than usual. All 
species which were generally common were not found at all. Exhibited 
specimens of Popillia- japonica Newm., the Japanese pest, which he had 
gotten at Riverton, New Jersey, IX-I, saying they will eat anything, 
that boys are paid to gather them and bring them in by the quart. 

Diptera.—Mr. Hornig recorded a species of mosquito, as new to 
this vicinity, Aedes currici Coquillett, from the northwest, and found 
here under the same conditions and in the same place with the swamp 
mosquito.—GEo. M. GREENE. Sec’y. 


OBITUARY. 


Victor ARTHUR ERIcH DAECKE. 

In the News for December last we briefly announced the 
death of our fellow member of the Advisory Committee at 
Richmond Hill, Long Island, New York, on October 28, 1918. 
Thanks to the kindness of his sister, Mrs. Jenny Schwensen, 
of that town, we are able to give some data on his early 
life. ie 

E. Daecke, as his autograph appears on letters of the past 
year, was born at Scharnikan, in the province of Posen, Ger- 
many, March 28, 1863, and was the son of Julius and Augusta 
Daecke. Most of his early years were spent in Bromberg, 
Germany, where he attended the Gymnasium and the Real 


ay r ¢ 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 59 


Gymnasium. From his early childhood he was a serious lover 
of nature and of art, the latter interest infigzenced, no doubt, 
by a visit through Italy, as a youth. 

He came to the United States in 1881 and lived at Mont- 
clair, New Jersey, Richmond Hill and New York City, before 
coming to Philadelphia about 1900. He applied his artistic 
ability in various lines, being at one time artist with the United 
States Printing Company, at Brooklyn, and at the time of our 
first acquaintance with him was connected with the Philadel- 
phia Press as an illustrator. He soon became known to the 
Philadelphia entomologists and apparently the first record of 
his speaking at the Feldman Collecting Social is that given in 
the News for December, 1900, (page 642). At the October 
meeting of that year, he gave the results of some collecting at 
Castle Rock, Pennsylvania, and Manumuskin, New Jersey. 
He was nominated for membership on the same evening, his 
residence being given as 1709 Chestnut Street, and elected 
at the following November meeting. On November 22, 1900, 
he became an Associate of the Entomological Section of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and thereafter 
scarcely a volume of the News does not contain, under the 
heading of ‘Doings of Societies,” some records of his collect- 
ing activities in New Jersey or Pennsylvania. 

In 1907-08 he suffered from a long illness, but after his re- 
covery removed to Harrisburg to become an assistant in the 
Pennsylvania State Department of Zoology, under Professors 
H. A. Surface and J. G. Sanders, a position which he held 
until his death. On October 27, 1910, he was elected a mem- 
ber of the Advisory Committee of the News. 

He was a charter member of the Entomological Society of 
America and a member of the American Association for the 
Advancement of Science since 1907-08. He became a member 
of the New York Entomological Society previous to his re- 
moval to Philadelphia and in 1895 was Chairman of its Publi- | 
cation Committee. 

Mr. Daecke was a most enthusiastic and careful collector, 
devoting himself to the local fauna wherever he might be. 


He gathered insects of all orders and paid much attention to 


60. ENTOMOLOGICAIL, NEWS. [ Feb., 19 


their early stages, life histories and habits. In the early years 
at. Philadelphia he did much with the Odonata, as a paper 
in the News for January, 1903, indicates, a notable discovery 
of his in this order being that of Telagrion? daeckii at 
Manumuskin; nor did he ever neglect them, as a note in our 
issue for last July (page 278) evidences. Later the Tabanidae 
especially attracted his energies and he prepared the list of 
species of this family for the 1909 report on the Insects of 
New Jersey. In this report, Prof. John B. Smith wrote of 
him: “An excellent general collector whose expeditions into 
South Jersey have produced a large number of most useful 
records in almost all orders.” Many of his associates are 
indebted to him for valuable material and he unquestionably 
did much in the way of accumulating positive data on geo- 
graphical distribution. The writer especially will greatly miss 
his kindly aid extending over nearly twenty years. 

His nephew, Mr. Erich E. Lehsten, of New York City, 
writes of him: ‘Mr. Daecke was always exceedingly self- 
contained ; very rarely discussing his private affairs with any- 
one; doing all the good he could; giving those with whom he 
came in contact every assistance in his power, and, to the best 
of my knowledge, has never injured anyone.” He never mar- 
ried, but was a great lover of children. 

He contributed the following papers to the News. To bring 
together his collecting records contained in volumes XI-X XIX 
is a task of some considerable extent which, we believe, has 
not been attempted. 

Notes on Prionapteryx nebulifera Steph. Vol. XVI, pp. tty: pl. ii 
and text figure. January, 1905. [Lepid.] 

Two new species of Diptera from New Jersey, t. c. pp. 249-251, text 
figs. October, 1905. [Chrysops bisteliatus, amazon.] 

On the Eye-Coloration of the Genus Chrysops. Vol. XVII, pp. 39-42, 
pl. i. Feb., 1906. [Dipt.] 

Mydas fulvifrons. Illiger. t. c., p. 347. Nov., 1906. [Dipt.] 

Annotated List of the Species of Chrysops occurring in New Jersey, 
and Descriptions of two New Species. Vol. XVIII, pp. 139-146, pl. 
vi, text figures April, 1907. [C. parvulus and hinei new.] 

Trypetid Galls and Eurosta clsa n. sp. Vol. XXI, pp. 341-343, pl. x. 


Oct., 1910. [Dipt.; the new species named for his niece, Elsa Schwen- 
sen]. .- Put P. Carver. 


EntT. News, Vol. XXX. Plate IV. 


EPIPSILIA MONOCHROMATEA.—HOoOoKER. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XXX. MARCH, ig19. No. 3. 
CONTENTS: 

Hooker—Notes on the Life History of Davis—An Entomologist’s Handbook 82 
Epipsilia monochromatea Morr. Editorial—The Next International En- 
(Lepid., Noctuidae)............... 61 tomological Congress.............. 83 

Crampton—Notes on the Phylogeny of The Jubilee of the Canadian Entomo- 
Se TENGE OTE... 5. oe ss crcnnceceee 64 RAGIN cers ce shes Stale eek ck tic 83 

Calvert—Odonata Anisoptera from An Appeal from Belgium .............- 84 
ONT ONE  ee y pe a eeeEe e 72 | Entomological Literature.............. 85 

Hebard—Remarks on the Species as- Doings of Societies—Feldman Collect- 
signed to Cavotettix Hancock, a ing Social (Coleop., Orthop., Dip.) 88 
Synonym of Neotettix Hancock Obituary—Benjamin Hayes Smith..... 88 


(Orthopt., Acrididae, Acrydiinae) 78 


Notes on the Life History of Epipsilia monochromatea 
Morr. (Lepid., Noctuidae).’ 
By Henry D. Hooker, Jr., Ph.D. 
: (Plate IV.) 

In the course of some work on Drosera rotundifolia during 
the summer of 1915, Drosera plants collected from Beaver 
Swamp in the city of New Haven, Connecticut, were found 
to be attacked by the larva of a noctuid moth, which is as far as 
I know the only insect that eats with impunity this insectivor- 
ous plant.2 The larvae collected in the early part of July 
were not more than 3 millimeters long and were readily caught 
and eaten by the Drosera plant when brought in contact with 
the secreting glands of the tentacles. However, the larva 


-41Contribution from the Osborn Botanical Laboratory, Yale Uni- 
versity, New Haven, Connecticut. 

2H. D. Hooker, Jr., 1916. Physiological observations on Drosera 
rotundifolia. Bull. Torrey Club 43: pp. 4, 5. 


61 


62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., ’19 


avoids this danger by crawling up the under or abaxial side 
of the leaf petiole and by attacking the leaf from beneath. 
When young the larva is pale and feeds on the tips of un- 
folded leaves and on the central bud. As it grows older it be- 
comes greenish and eats mature leaves, invariably approach- 
ing them from the under side. When larvae were placed on 
the upper or adaxial side of the petiole, they immediately 
crawled around to the opposite side. This was found to be 
due to the presence of epidermal hairs on the adaxial surface 
of the petiole. The abaxial surface of the petiole and the 
under side of the leaf blade are free from these hairs. 

The following summer, 1916, it was accidentally discovered 
that when the larvae reached a length of about 15 mm. they 
changed their diet, giving up Drosera for the cranberry, Vac- 
cimium macrocarpon. 

The mature larva is 16 mm. long when extended, 12 mm. long when 
contracted and 2 mm. thick. It is reddish brown on the back and 
pale yellow-green toward the front on the ventral surface. There is 
a well developed white dorsal stripe between two parallel black lines. 
On either side there are three more dark lines. The head is shiny and 
very dark honey yellow in color. The true legs are of the same color 
as the head, but not shiny. There are four pairs of transparent false 
legs, that are dark at the tip. The anal prolegs are of the same color 
as the dorsal side. 

A single mature larva was obtained, which was taken care 
of and reared by Dr. W. E. Britton at the Connecticut Agri- 
cultural Experiment Station in New Haven. The larva pu- 
pated between March 1 and 20. 1917. and a male moth emerg- 
ed May 8, 1917. It was identified by Dr. William Barnes as 
Epipsilia monochromatea Morr. This form was originally 
described by Morrison‘ as Agrotis monochromatea, and is listed 
as Pachnobia monochromatea Morr. by Dyar* and Smith.’ It 


3'W. Barnes and J. McDunnough, 1917. Check list of the Lepidoptera 
of North America, No. 1475. Decatur. 

4H. K. Morrison, 1874. Description of new Noctuidae. Proc. Bos. 
Soc. Nat. Hist. 17. p. 165. 

5H. G. Dyar, 1902. A list of North American Lepidoptera, p. 131, 
Washington. 


oie ec Sie a. 


Soe ety 


pal ra 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63 


has been reported from Massachusetts,’ Durham, New Hamp- 
shire,= and Canada.® The first specimen discovered in Con- 
necticut was collected in New Haven, May 24, 1910, by Mr. 
B. H. Walden, of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment 
Station. This specimen was a female. Subsequently a mature 
larva was found in some sphagnum collected by Professor G. 
E. Nichols in Beaver Swamp in April, 1918. Mr. Walden 
found a pupa in the same swamp April 29, 1918; the adult 
emerged May 25, 1918. Detailed descriptions of the moth are 
given by Morrison,’ Smith’ and Hampson.” Morrison de- 
scribes the form as follows. 


The expanse of wings measures 32 mm. The male antennae are very 
strongly bipectinate. The collar, thorax and anterior wings are uni- 
formly reddish brown.° All the lines and spots are obsolete, except the 
two median lines, which are dark, broad, outwardly curved and sub- 
parallel. The posterior wings are brownish fuscous, with yellow 
fringes. 


The life history of Epipsilea monochromatea may be out- 
lined as follows. The eggs are laid and hatch out in June 
or July. The young larvae feed on Drosera until August, and 
then live on cranberry. The mature larvae pass the winter in 
Sphagnum, pupate in April and the moth emerges in May. 


EXPLANATION OF Prate IV. 


Fig. 1. Young larvae feeding on Drosera rotundifolia. Photographed 
by Professor G. E. Nichols. x 1. 

Fig. 2. Mature larva contracted. Photographed by er. Bo Hh. 
Walden. x 1. 

Fig. 3. Mature larva on Sphagnum. Photographed by ‘Mr. B. H. 
Walden. x 1. 

Fig. 4. Pupa. Photographed by Mr. B. H. Walden. x 1. 

Fig. 5. Posterior hooks of pupa. Photographed by Mr. B. H. 
Walden. x 5. 

Fig. 6. Adult ¢. Photographed by Mr. B. H. Walden. x 2. 


J. B. Smith, 1893. A catalogue of the species of moths of the 
Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae found in boreal North America, 
p. 62. Washington. 

7H. K. Morrison, loc. cit. 

8G. F. Hampson, 1903. Catalogue of the Noctuidae in the collection 
of the British Museum Vol. IV, p. 483. London. 

9A specimen was collected by De Fletcher in Courade. 

10H. K. Morrison, loc. cit. 

J. B. Smith. 1800 Revision of the species of the genus Agrotis. 
Bull. No. 38 U. S. Nat. Mus. p. 55. 

12G, F, Hampson, loc. cit. 


64 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [Mar., ’19 


Notes on the Phylogeny of the Orthoptera.* 
By G. C. Crampton, Ph.D. 


(Continued from page 48.) 

Structures which are of but little importance to the life of 
the organism, are not greatly affected by natural selection (or 
by use and disuse, if these are factors in evolution) and are 
among the least-varying structures within an order or super- 
order of insects. It is just these structures, however, which 
are of the utmost phylogenetic importance, since their reten- 
tion is almost wholly due to heredity alone, and on this ac- 
count I would lay much greater stress upon the evidence af- 
forded by such structures than upon those which are of greater 
value in the struggle for existence (and hence subject to its 
modifications), yet vary a great deal even within the same order 
of insects. Such structures which furnish very serviceable 
clews as to the interrelationships of the orders of insects are 
the cervical sclerites or neck plates, which are remarkably 
constant within an order, or even superorder of insects, and I 
have therefore laid greater stress upon the character of the 
cervical and prothoracic sclerites than upon any other one set 
of structures, although unless supported by the evidence 
drawn from many other sources as well, the evidence afforded 
by these structures alone would be wholly inadequate—as is 
true of any one set of structures taken alone. 

In Vol. 28 (p. 393) of Ent. News for 1917, it was shown 
that the lateral neck and prothoracic sclerites of Grylloblatta 
are astonishingly like those of the Embiids, even in regard to 
the minutest details—and the resemblance cannot therefore be 
attributed to a mere convergence (parallelism) in develop- 
ment. Such a resemblance in these unimportant and little- 
varying structures can only mean that these types of sclerites — 
were inherited from a common ancestry. While the antennae 
may vary considerably within an order, or even family of in- 
sects, the remarkable resemblance (even in the matter of the 
relative lengths of the segments, etc.) between the antennae 


* Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachu- 
setts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. 


RY as ate 


a he 
: a a ay 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMCLOGICAL NEWS 65 


of Grylloblatta and Embia major Imms adds further sup- 
port to the contention that the Grylloblattids are quite closely 
related to the Embiids, as was pointed out in the June, 1917, 
issue of The Canadian Entomologist (page 213). 

In Ent. News, Vol. 26, page 337, attention was called to the 
resemblance of the tergal thoracic plates of Grylloblatta to 
those of the Dermapterous representatives of the superorder to 
which the Embiids also belong, and the lateral thoracic sclerites 
of the Grylloblattids are very like those of the Embiids, al- 
though it must be admitted that the lateral thoracic sclerites 
of Grylloblatta are also quite like those of the Isoptera, and 
the ventral thoracic plates resemble those of the Zoraptera 
and Mantids as much as those of any other insects. 

The legs of Grylloblatta are quite like those of the Blattids 
(and Zoraptera) ; but I fail to find any other marked Blattid 
features in the Grylloblattids—although the investigations 
of Dr. Walker (who is at present working upon the anatomical 
details of the recently discovered males of Grylloblatta) may 
bring te light other Blattid-like characters in the Grylloblattids. 
The cerci of Grylloblatta are very like those of certain Plecop- 
tera in regard to the relative lengths of the component seg- 
ments, etc., as was pointed out in a paper published in Vol. 
25 of the Journal of the New York Ent. Society (page 225), 
and I also find a marked resemblance between the cerci of 
Grylloblatta and those of the immature Dermaptera, such 
as “Dyscritina”’ longisetosa, Diplatys, Karschiella and other 
earwings in which the forceps of the adult are preceded by 
segmented cerci in the nymphal stages. On the other hand, 
the cerci of Grylloblatta also resemble those of the Man- 
tids to some extent. The ovipositor of Grylloblatta could 
easily be derived from the type found in certain Dermaptera 
such as Echinosoma; but on the whole, the ovipositor of 
Grylloblatta is more like that of certain Mantidae. 

From the foregoing discussion, it is evident that Grylloblatta 
resembles the Panplecoptera in regard to the least-varying 
structures, while in regard to its body as a whole (with the ex- 


ception of the body contour and its slender nature in which. it 


66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Mar., ’19 


is strongly similar to the Embiids and Dermaptera) the re- 
semblances are fairly evenly divided between the Panplecoptera 
and the Pandictyoptera. Grylloblatta has many features in 
common with the Embiids, Dermaptera, Isoptera, Zoraptera 
and Mantids, and fewer in common with the Blattids and 
Plecoptera, so that the choice which we make as to what 
forms more nearly represent the ancestors of the Grytloblattids 
depends upon what structures we consider the most important 
for a phylogenetic study. From my own studies of a rather 
wide range of anatomical structures, I would be more inclined 
to regard the neck and prothoracic sclerites as the most de- 
pendable features, and taking the evidence as a whole, I have 
become convinced that Grylloblattids arose from a Plecopteroid 
stock* (Panplecoptera) rather than from a Blattoid stock 
(Panisoptera), although it is quite evident that the Grylloblat- 
tids branched off from the Plecopteroid stock very near the . 
point at which the Blattoid lines of development likewise 
branched off from the same Plecopteroid stock, as indicated in 
the diagram (page 43). 

While much attention has been paid to Grylloblatta as the 
most. primitive representetive of the Orthopteroid group, it 
must be borne in mind that all of the evidence of relationship 
must be considered from every available source, and in this 
connection it would be a very grave error to slight the evi- 
dences of relationship presented by that other very primitive 
Orthopteroid insect Timema californica Scud., (a small wing- 
less Phasmid), since Timema has preserved certain features 
which even Grylloblatta has lost. Timema, like Grylloblatta, is 
wingless in both sexes, and anyone who will compare Timema 
and Grylloblatta with the wingless females of the Embiids or 
Dermaptera will certainly concede that the general appearance 
of the body is very much more similar in these insects than is 
the case when one compares the Grylloblattids with the average 
wingless Blattid or Mantid (or even with the Isoptera, for 
that matter). Again, while the tarsi of Grylloblatta are five- 
jointed and the legs are quite like those of the Blattids, the 


*See footnote, page 48. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Bg 


tarsi of Timema, on the other hand, are but three-jointed, and 
the legs are extremely similar to those of the Plecopteroid in- 
sects, so that in this respect Timema is as strongly Plecopteroid 
as Grylloblatta is Blattoid! The head and its appendages in 
Timema are more like these structures in the Plecopteroid in- 
sects, as is markedly true of the neck and prothoracic sclerites. 
I find a strong suggestion of the pronouncedly demarked in- 
tersegmental region in front of both the meso- and metathorax 
in Timema, and since to my knowledge, this condition occurs 
elsewhere only in such Plecopteroid insects as the Embiids and 
Plecoptera, I think that it is a very important feature in de- 
termining the ultimate affinities of Timema! The terminal ab- 
dominal structures (exclusive of the rather aberrant genitalia 
of the male) of Timema are strongly suggestive of Dermap- 
teron affinities—such for example as the flattened cerci com- 
posed of a single segment and bearing mesal prong-like pro- 
jections, the projecting epiproct (eleventh tergite) and the 
dorso-ventrally flattened paraprocts (or plates on either side of 
the anus) which are quite similar in both Dermaptera and 
Timema as may be readily seen by comparing the figures of 
these structures shown in a paper published in Vol. 13 (page 
49) of the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ent. Soc. for June, 1918. 
Although the ovipositor of Timema is more like that of the 
Blattids and Mantids, it could have been derived from the type 
of ovipositor present in such Dermaptera as Echinosoma as 
well, so that the fact that most of the Panplecoptera have 
not developed (or preserved) an ovipositor would not stand in 
the way of deriving the Orthopteroid insects from ancestors 
resembling the Panplecoptera, since some Panplecoptera, at 
least (Echinosoma, etc.), have an ovipositor—and then, too, 
all of the Orthopteroid insects have not preserved an oviposi- 
tor either, since the Gryllotalpids, for example, have none. 
From the foregoing discussion, it is apparent that Timema 


is much more like the members of the group Panplecoptera - 


(and the Dermaptera in particular) than it is like the mem- 
bers of the group Pandictyoptera. That I am not alone in 
this view is evident from the following passage from Mr. 


68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., *19 


Caudell’s paper on the North American Phasmidae (Proc. U. 
S. Nat. Museum, Vol. 26, p. 884) in which he says ‘This 
species (Timema californica) apparently represents a step in 
the transition from the Phasmidae to the Forficulidae. The 
forcipal cerci of the males, ventrally attached legs, short, broad 
head, and especially the short, stout legs with the three-jointed 
tarsi, indicate a relation to the earwigs. As Phasmids these 
creatures are certainly anomalies, having in one instance at 
least, been mistaken for a species of Perlid larvae.” Handlirsch 
himself must have been struck with the resemblance of the 
Orthopteroid insects to the Dermaptera, since he attempts to 
derive the latter insects from the former, although it is as- 
tonishing that he should seek to reverse the evolutionary se- 
quence and derive the Dermaptera from the Gryllidae—which 
is just about on a par with the recent sensational attempt of 
an English writer to prove that apes are descended from men! 
The only reason Handlirsch gives for thus arbitrarily discard- 
ing all of the evidence of comparative anatomy, embryology, 
etc., which clearly show that the Dermaptera are more primi- 
tive than, and are doubtless “ancestral” to* the Orthoptera 
in question, is that the known fossil remains of these Orthoptera 
geologically antedate those of the fossil Dermaptera thus far 
discovered. Handlirsch makes no allowance for the fact that 
when the geological formations have been more thoroughly ex- 
plored it will undoubtedly be found that Dermapterous in- 
sects occur in these earlier strata also, and it is this calmly 
ignoring the evidence of comparative anatomy and embryology 
that has led him into all sorts of absurdities, such as attempt- 
ing to derive the winged insects directly from Trilobites (which 
are not even in the direct line of descent of the Insecta) with- 
out reference to the anatomically primitive Apterygota (such 
as the Protura, etc.), which he is inclined to regard as de- 
generate winged insects! It may be an indication of the trend 


*In stating that the Dermaptera are “ancestral to” the Orthoptera in 
question, it is merely meant that they have departed but little from the 
condition which was probably characteristic of the ancestors of the 
Orthoptera in question. 


POPES eS ape ie ery 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMCLOGICAL NEWS 69 


of the times that so many of our most learned physicists, 
psychologists, and others, have accepted with blind faith, the 
revelations of the spiritualist “mediums,” but I must confess 
that I am still old-fashioned enough to be astonished at the 
ready acceptance that even the most revolutionary ideas of 
Handlirsch have met with at the hands of such eminent geol- 
ogists and paleontologists as Schuchert, Lull and others who 
seem to see nothing at all remarkable in the view that winged 
insects were derived directly from Trilobites! 

When it comes to the discussion of the lines of descent of 
the saltatorial Orthoptera, however, I would more nearly agree 
with Handlirsch in his conception of the interrelationships of 
these insects. The Gryllidae (with the Gryllotalpids, etc.), 
are undoubtedly very closely related to the Tettigoniidae (for- 
merly called ‘“Locustidae”) and their allies, while the Tridac- 
tylidae seem to be quite closely related to the so-called Acri- 
didae and their allies. In certain respects, the Tridactylidae 
occupy a position intermediate between the Acrididae and the 
Gryllidae, but their line of descent parallels that of the Acri- 
didae quite closcly. I formerly proposed that the Acrididae 
(and Tridactylidae) with their allies constitute an order of in- 
sects distinct from that composed of the Locustidae and Gryl- 
lidae with their allies ; but this is largely a matter of individual 
opinion depending upon the value one places upon structural 
differences. 

With regard to the relationship of the saltatorial Orthop- 
teroid insects to their more primitive allies, it would appear 
that such primitive ‘“Locustoid’ insects as Phasmodes are 
very like Grylloblatta in many respects, and their line of de- 
scent has been represented as though quite near that of the 
Grylloblattids in the diagram. I find many evidences of a 
rather close relationship between the Oecanthidae and the Gryl- 
loblattidae, however, and it is very difficult to determine from 
the evidence available whether the Grylloblattidae are more 
closely related to the “Locustidae” or to the Gryllidae. Dr. 
Walker has contended that the Grylloblattids and Locustids are 
the more closely related, and a further study of the more primi- 


70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., *19 


tive “Locustids” may indicate that his view is the correct one; 
but, since the Gryllid and “Locustid” lines of descent very 
quickly merge in a common ancestry, in tracing them back to 
the common stem forms from which the saltatorial Orthoptera 
arose, it is rather difficult to say which of the two lines is the 
more closely related to Grylloblatta, and until all of the avail- 
able evidence has been brought forward, it is preferable to 
suspend judgment in the matter. 

I have maintained that the line of development of the 
Acrididae is closer than that of the Locustid-gryllid group to 
the Phasmid line of development (of which the Phylliidae are 
an offshoot), and the recent work of Turner, 1916, on the 
breeding habits of the Orthoptera (Vol. 9, page 117, of the 
Annals of the Ent. Soc. of America) would seem to support 
this view. Handlirsch considers that the Phasmids are con- 
nected by the fossil Chresmodidae with the fossil Elcanid fore: 
bears of the Tridactylids; but I do not think that such highly 
specialized Orthopteroid insects as the Elcanidae and their 
saltatorial allies can be regarded as ancestral to the much more 
primitive Phasmid Timema, whose structural features clearly 
point to a Panplecopterous ancestry; and the relationship of 
the lines of descent of these insects as shown in the diagram 
is more in harmony with the evidence of comparative anatomy. 
So far as I can judge from the description of these insects, 
the fossil Elcanidae, Locustopsidae and Chresmodidae should 
doubtless be included ‘in the superorder Panorthoptera, of 
which the Phasmidae, Acrididae, ‘““Locustidae,”’ Gryllidae, Gryl- 
loblattidae and their allies, form a part. The Thysanoptera, 
which Handlirsch would group with these insects, seem to 
have closer affinities with the insects descended from Psocid- 
like forebears (superorder Panhomoptera), and the Dermap- 
tera (including the Hemimeridae or “Diploglossata,”’ which 
are true Dermaptera and are not a distinct branch of the 
Gryllid stock as Handlirsch seems to think) are undoubtedly 
more closely related to the other members of the superorder 
Panplecoptera, instead of being more closely related to the 
Gryllid stock, as Handlirsch would have us believe. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71 


Since Handlirsch’s views are so widely accepted, I would 
briefly summarize the differences between his grouping and 
derivation of the different lines of descent of the lower winged 
insects, and that here proposed. Aside from the great differ- 
ence between Handlirsch’s idea of the direct origin of winged 
insects from Trilobites (while I would derive winged insects 
from Apterygota, which, with their relatives the Symphyla, 
are descended from Crustacea related to Bathynella and the 
Isopoda) the principal points wherein the method of grouping 
and deriving the lines of descent of the lower winged insects 
as here proposed, differs from that of Handlirsch as given in 
his book “Die Fossilen Insekten,’ may be stated as follows. | 
would gather the Plecoptera, Embiids, Dermaptera, and their 
allies in an ancestral group, instead of scattering them, as 
Handlirsch does in his diagram. MHandlirsch regards the 
Dermaptera as an offshoot of the saltatorial Orthoptera in- 
stead of placing them in the ancestral superorder Panplecoptera 
as is here proposed, and he also represents the Diploglossata 
(Hemimeridae) as a distinct offshoot of the saltatorial Orthop- 
tera, while in reality the Hemimeridae are Dermaptera and 
should be grouped with them in the superorder Panplecoptera. 
Handlirsch regards the Phasmids as an offshoot of the salta- 
torial Orthoptera, while I regard them as nearer the ancestors 
of these Orthoptera, and I would derive the whole Orthopteroid 
stock from Panplecopterous forebears—although this Orthop: 
teroid stock branched off very near the point of origin of the 
Blattoid stock. Handlirsch regards the Thysanoptera as an 
offshoot of the saltatorial Orthopteroid stock, related to the 
Dermaptera, while I place the Thysanoptera together with the 
Corrodentia, Mallophaga and Pediculidae (all of which Hand- 
lirsch derives from the Blattidae) in a superorder with the 
Hemiptera (i. e. in the superorder Panhomoptera), and I con- 


_ sider that this superorder arose at the base of the Neuropteroid 


group, to which all of them are very closely related. They, 
with the Neuropteroids, are descended from Plecopteroid (not 
Blattoid) forebears, and the Hymenoptera arose from the base 
of the Neuropteroid stock also, and are therefore to be traced 


72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., ’19 


back to Plecopteroid forebears rather than to Mantoid ances: 
tors as Handlirsch considers to be the case. I place the 
Coleoptera in the group Panplecoptera, next to the Dermap- 
teron line of descent, thus differing from MHandlirsch who 
would derive the Coleoptera from the Protoblattoidea. There 
are many other points of difference, especially in the grouping 
and derivation of the higher insects; but these will be taken 
up under the discussion of the phylogeny of the other groups 
of insects, in a series of papers dealing with each group in 
detail. 


<> 
— 


Odonata Anisoptera from Guatemala 
Collected by Messrs. William Schaus and John T. Barnes. 
By Putitip P. CALvert, University of Pennsylvania, Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 
(Continued from page 38.) 
LIBELLULINAE. 

Libellula foliata (Kirby). Purulha, 5500 feet, June 30, 1 4, 
“body orange brown, costal margins orange,” 1 2, swampy road. 
Guatemala City, July 1,1 ¢. 

These three specimens are younger than those described in 
the Biologia volume and by Ris, in the Cat. Coll. Zool. Selys, 
the males having the frons and vertex pale ochre, the female 
pale greenish brown, both sexes with the labrum orange yel- 
low. In the male from Guatemala City the genital lobe has a 
posterior process or lobe similar to that figured for Brechmo- 
rhoga postlobata (Proc. California Acad. Sci. 3d Ser. Zool. I, 
pl. xxv) but even more distinctly developed. I find no other 
differentials correlated with the presence of this process so, 
in spite of the precedent set by naming this Brechmorhoga, 
do not consider this male worthy of a separate name, at least 
until additional similar specimens come to hand. 3 

Libellula herculea Karsch. Chejel, 3100 feet, June 26, 1 ¢, “at 
same place as spec. 1. Thorax laterally and below whitish lilacine. 
Abdomen above deep crimson.” 


Pseudoleon superbus (Hagen). Zacapa, June 30,1 ¢. Sanarate, 
November 21, 1 6, 1 9. Escuintla, railway track, July 7,1 9. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73 


Uracis imbuta (Burmeister). Cayuga, forest, May 27, “very dry 
just now,” 1 2; edge of forest near half dried stream, May 28, 1 
pruinose ¢, “head and body grey-blue”’; forest, November 19, 
1917, 1 2. Quirigua, 500 feet, pine woods, February 17,1 9; Feb- 
ruary 18, 1 6; February 24, 1 ¢; forest, March, 3 9. Escuintla, 
April, 1 9. 

-Uracis fastigiata (Burmeister). Escuintla, May, 1917, 1 ¢. 

Tholymis citrina Hagen. Cayuga, January 25, 1916, dusk, 1 9, 
“flew into house”; September 2, 1917, veranda, 1 9. 

Micrathyria didyma didyma (Selys) Ris. Cayuga, forest: June 
10, 1 9; August 25,1 ¢,1 2; September 4,1 ¢. 

Micrathyria aequalis (Hagen). Cayuga, August 25, 1 @ on 
veranda. 

Orthemis ferruginea (Fabricius). Cayuga, at light: March 7, 1 
teneral 2; April 3, 1 teneral 9 ; August 12,1 ¢ (adult); September 
20, 1 ¢, “abdomen purple.” 

Cannaphila insularis funerea (Carpenter) Ris. Cayuga, April 
20, 1 teneral ga, 2 40; Cayuga, Rio Negro trail, forest, April 
30, 2 ga; trail behind Cayuga, forest ridge, dry, May 17, 1915, 
I g,1 9b; Cayuga, forest, May 27, 1 2 b, “abdomen above golden 
brown with black segmental lines”; June 5,1 @ b: in forest, June 20, 1 
Qa, “body fuscous; pale dorsal yellowish line interrupted seg- 
mentally; a similar short lateral streak at base of abdomen; oblique 
pale greenish streaks on thorax.” Escuintla, July 7,1 9 D. 


This is the Cannaphila angustipennis (Rambur) of the Bio- 
logia volume, page 241, a name which Dr. Ris has shown to be 
untenable on account of the priority of angustipennis Stephens, 
a homonym. The letters a and b are employed in the above 
list of specimens as in the Biologia to indicate specimens with 
entirely yellow labium (a) or with the labium more or less 
marked with black (b). It would seem that this difference in 
labial coloring has no geographical, seasonal or ontogenetic sig- 
nificance. 


Cannaphila vibex (Hagen). Tactic, July 30, 1 ¢. Escuintla, 
May, 1917, 1 Q. 

Anatya normalis Calvert. Cayuga, April 21, 1 ¢; forest, August 
31, 1 @,1 9, both teneral; September, 1 ¢- 

Erythrodiplax funerea (Hagen). Gualan, August, 1 ¢. Caballo 
Blanco, August, 1 teneral ¢. Polochic River, July 25,1 ¢. Pu- 
rulha, October, 1 ¢. Iguana, open marsh country, August 24, 1 
adult ¢. 


7A ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., ’19 


Erythrodiplax umbrata (Linnaeus). Iguana, open marsh, Aug- 
ust 24, 1 ¢. QQuirigua, February 8, 1 teneral @ 3 open country, 
March 3,1 @ not fully colored, the dark band on the wings smoky 
brown instead of pale ochraceous, ill-defined, much narrower at 
the hind margin than at the costa. 

Erythrodiplax ochracea ochracea (Burmeister) Ris. Cayuga: 
forest, March 29, 1 teneral ¢; April, 1 @;May 19, 1 4; near 
stream in bananas, May 28,1 4, “thorax black; abdomen reddish 
purple; base of wings rich brown”; 1 9, “thorax greenish yellow 
shaded with brown above, abdomen black with yellowish streaks 
on each segment; base of wings orange brown”; August, 1917, 
1 teneral @. Quirigua, 1 teneral ¢. 

Erythrodiplax connata fusca (Rambur) Ris. Cayuga, May 1, 
1916, 1 9, “at light, 2 a. m., quiet night,” abd. 16, hind wing 20, 
pter. f. w. 2.5 mm.; stream in bananas, May 28,1 4, “thorax, base 
of abdomen and base of wings dark brown, abdomen lilacine, 
terminally black,” abd. 20, hind wing 22.5, pter. f. w. 3.5 mm., the 
brown at base of hind wings not quite attaining triangle; October 
27, 1 2, 16, 20 and 2.5 mm.; bananas, October 29, 1 teneral ¢, 17, 
22, 2.5 mm., I @, 16, 20, 2.55 mm. Montufar, November, 1917, 14, 16, 
20, 2.5 mm. Iguana, open marsh, August 24, 34, 16.5-18, 19.5-22, 
2.5-3 mm. All of these specimens fall under the section Erythrodiplax 
connata, e, Biologia, pages 259, 261. The measurements and other data 
here given may aid in the ultimate elucidation of this variable species. 


Dythemis velox Hagen. Cayuga, forest, September 4, 1 @. 
Gualan, August, 1 ¢. Joaquina, April 28, 1 9. 

Brechmorhoga vivax Calvert. Chejel, June, 2 ¢, one having in 
the posttriangular field, hind wings, three single cells, then two 
rows, hence as in B. nubecula. 

Brechmorhoga praecox praecox (Hagen) Ris. Escuintla, forest 
stream, July 12,1 ¢@. 

Brechmorhoga pertinax pertinax (Hagen) Ris. Purulha, June 
27, 14; forest stream, July 7, 12. This is B. pertinax, a, of the 
Biologia, page 284. 

Brechmorhoga rapax crocosema Ris. Chejel, June 18, 1 2. 
“markings greenish blue, spot on abdomen orange;” June 17, 1 4; 
August, 12. This is the Guatemalan-Costa Rica form of rapax of the 
Biologia, page 285, not of the original type form of rapax which is 
’ Venezuelan. 

Brechmorhoga inequiunguis (Calvert). Escuintla, July 6,1 9. 


Dr. Ris (Cat. Coll. Zool. Selys, fase. ix, p. 34, 1909; fasc. 
xv, pp. 868, 870, 1913), defining the genera on a somewhat 
different basis, has referred this species to Macrothemis, as I 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7% 


originally did, and placed it as a subspecies of M. tessellata 
(Burm.). I have not restudied the questions involved. 

Macrothemis pseudimitans Calvert. Escuintla, July 6, 1 ¢; 
track, August 8.1 ¢, “eyes, shoulders and dorsum lilac.” 

Macrothemis hemichlora (Burmeister). Quirigua, March, 1 64, 
1 9, the latter “railway track.” Caballo Blanco, August, 1 9. 
Mazatenango, November 30, 1 @. 

Macrothemis inacuta Calvert. Zacapa, June 30,1 ¢,1 92; July 
26,1 ¢. 

Tramea cophysa Hagen. Cayuga, at light: September 10, 1 9; 
October 11, 1 g; November 15, 1917, 1 9. The October male is 
of the “longicauda, var?” of the Biologia, page 303, which, follow- 
ing Dr. Ris, I place here. 

Perithemis domitia (Drury). In listing this material I have fol- 
lowed the order of the Biologia volume and have given data on the 
individual specimens, believing such will be useful in later studies 
of this protean species. 

P. domitia form domitia (Drury) ? Cayuga, February 2, 1918, 
1 ¢; front wings, internal triangle 2-(right) or 3-(left) celled, 
three posttriangular rows begin at the level of separation of Rs 
from Mi+3; all wings uncolored from base to nodus posterior to 
subcostal space, yellow for whole width from nodus to apex and 
in subcostal space from base to nodus. Cayuga, Rio Negro trail, 
forest, April 30, 1 Q; front wings, internal triangle 2-(left), 3- 
(right) celled, discoidal triangle 2-celled (right), free (left), three 
posttriangular rows begin at the level of separation of Rs from 
Mi+3; discoidal triangles, hind wings, free; all wings orange from 
base to apex for entire width, a little paler toward hind margin on 
front wings. 

P. domitia form iris (Hagen), i. 4 ¢ unlabeled as to locality or 
date. 

P. domitia form iris (Hagen), ii. Gualan, November 4, 3 ¢@, 
1 of them with discoidal triangle 2-celled, all wings, internal tri- 
angle free (right), 2-celled (left). 

P. domitia form iris (Hagen), ii or iii. Cayuga, bananas, Octo- 
ber 29,1 2. 

P. domitia form mooma (Kirby). Cayuga: open hill top, June 4, 
1 4: August, 1 9; September 27, close to house, 1 2; October 23, 
house, 1 2. Caballo Blanco, August, 1 2. The male, of course, 
might equally well be referred to form iris, iii. 7 


Rhodopygia hinei Calvert. Oneida, March 1, 1917, 1 2. 
The female of this spec’zs has not been described, where- 
fore the following: 


76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., ’19 


Vertex and frons ochre brown, clypeus and occiput paler, more 
yellowish. Lips yellow, a tendency toward orange in the free margin 
of the labrum. Rear of the head and bases of the mandibles pale 
greenish. 

Prothorax obscure yellowish, inclining toward ochre in the middle 
lobe. Thorax brownish yellow, darker on the mesepisterna, which 
in addition to the long hairs bear numerous closely-set brown spinules. 

Abdomen brownish yellow, perhaps even golden yellow in life, more 
robust than in R. hollandi 9, the only species of this genus of which 
a female is available for comparison, compressed and evidently partly 
distorted. Vulvar lamina reaching to one-fifth the length of the lateral 
margin of 9, flattened on to the sternum thereof so that it is impossible 
to state its angle of projection, bilobed in its distal half by a semi- 
circular emargination whose width is a little greater than its depth 
and is subequal to one-fourth of the basal width of the whole lamina. 
Appendages concolorous, longer than Io, a little shorter than 9, rather 
stout, very acute at apex. 

Legs brownish yellow becoming darker distally on the tibiae and 
tarsi, the third tarsal joint almost black; spines on the legs black. 

Wings hyaline, front wings very pale yellow at base, almost impos- 
sible to say where this color ceases but hardly visible distad of the 
level of the arculus; hind wings a slightly deeper yellow at base, also 
gradually fading out at the level of the triangle and at about two cells 
posterior to the level of the hind end of the ash-colored membranule. 
Stigma pale brownish yellow. Front wings with 19 antenodals, 13R, 
14L, postnodals, 2 rows of cells between Rs—Rspl a maximum of 3 
rows in the anal field proximal to the triangle. Hind wings with 
14R, 15L antenodals, 15 postnodals, 1 row (with 1 double cell) R, 2 
rows L, between Rs—Rspl, 4-3 rows between A3 and the hind mar- 
gin at the level of the triangle. 

Abdomen 33, hind wing 43.5, costal edge of stigma of front wing 
4.5 mm. 


I refer this individual to hinei because of its robust abdomen 
and the presence, in three of the four wings, of two rows of 
cells between the subnodal sector (Rs) and the supplementary 
sector next below (Rspl). 

In this connection, I may remark that the size of the 
pterostigma and very venational characters which Dr. Ris 
has commented on in his descriptions of R. hollandi and R. 
chloris (Cat. Coll. Zool. Selys, Libell. fasc. xiii, pp. 610-612, 
1911) lead me to think that it is his chloris which is the same 
form as that which I described previously as hollandi, and that 


ISG ergy rina caw gl MRT 


Pn ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMCLOGICAL NEWS re 


his hollandi requires a new name. As far as I can judge the 
anterior lamina of the true /ollandi and of chloris is less prom- 
inent than in his hollandi. “Dunkel braun” is rather too dark 
tur the basal spot of the hind wing of true hollandi. 

‘Having written Dr. Ris to this effect, he has replied (15, ix, 
1918): 

“Rhodopygia hollandi as described by myself from Surinam shows 
evidently some slight differences from your type of Matto Grosso. Be- 
sides the specimens recorded in the main text of Lib. [i. e. Cat. Coll. 
Selys cit.] there are three more mentioned in the appendix from the 
Williamson collection. No doubt Mr. Williamson will send you his 
specimens for inspection. From these my Rh. chloris is evidently differ- 
ent and seems more closely allied to cardinalis than to them.” 

Mr. Williamson has kindly lent me two males from British 
Guiana, Tumatumari and Georgetown, respectively, both bear- 
ing Dr. Ris’ own identification label ‘““Rhodopygia Hollandi.” 
An examination of them does not incline me to change my 
opinion as to their difference from the typical hollandi as ex- 
pressed above. On comparing them with two paratypes of 


hollandi Calvert (Demerara 1¢, Cuyaba 146), now in the 


Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, I find that they 


have 

One row of cells between Rs (subnodal sector Selys) and Rspl 
(supplementary sector next below) on all the wings (two rows in true 
hollandi) ; costal edge of the stigma, front wings, 3.25-3.5 mm. (4 mm. 
in true hollandi) ; the apex or posterior angle of the external branch of 
the hamule less acute than in typical hollandi, when the hamule is view- 
ed in profile so that both external and internal branches are visible at 
once (as in fig. 54, pl. IX, Biol. C. A. Neur., which does not exaggerate 
the acuteness of this apex); first femur blackish anteriorly for the 


whole length (reddish brown in typical hollandi), first tibia blackish 


both above and below (pale reddish or pale reddish yellow in typical 
hollandi), second legs blackish on femur and tibia near their articula- 
tion (not so in typical hollandi); coloring at the bases of the front 
and hind wings a darker brown, but of the same extent as in typical 
hollandi. Abd. 32, hind wing 35-36 mm. 

- Whether hollandi Ris varies into hollandi Calvert can only 
be determined by fuller series of specimens. 


Sympetrum illotum virgula (Selys). Volcan Santa Maria: Oc- 
tober 22, 1¢, “abdomen crimson ;” October 31, 1¢ and 1 pair “in cop.” 


78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., ’19 


(5500 feet); November 1, 19. Antigua, 5500 feet, November 24, 1 g. 
In none of these males does the yellow of the front wings extend con- 
tinuously to the nodus where each, however, has a small yellow cloud; 
the blackish basal streak in the subcostal space of the hind wings 
reaches to the level of the arculus in those of October 22 and November 
24; in the other two and in the two females it stops at the first anteno- 
dal or but slightly distad. The female of October 31 has the basal yel- 
low confined to a very narrow border around the blackish basal streaks 
and a mere trace of yellow at the nodus, in that of November 1 the 
yellow in the subcostal space fades out just beyond the level of the 
triangle, but the nodal cloud is distinct. 

Erythemis attala (Selys). Cayuga, edge of forest in bananas, 
June 20, 1 ¢, “body brown black, 4 large paired yellow spots on ab- 
domen dorsally.” Quirigua, forest, September 16, 19. 

Lepthemis vesiculosa (Fabricius). Cayuga, August, 1 @, “emer- 
ald green and black.” 


—____—_-~e— + —__ —___ 


Remarks on the Species assigned to Cavotettix Han- 
cock, a Synonym of Neotettix Hancock (Orthop- 
tera, Acrididae, Acrydiinae.) 

By Morcan Heparp, Philadelphia, Pa. 

In the month of November, 1918, there appeared a paper 
by Dr. J. L. Hancock in the ENroMotocicaL News, in which a 
new genus and two new species were described. As one of the 
species described by Rehn and Hebard in 1916, as a member 
of the genus Neotettix, was assigned to this new genus, the 
author’s interest was at once aroused as to the reason for such 
generic reassignment. 

In order to weigh carefully the features in the problem to 
be considered, the very large series of Neotettix femoratus 
(Scudder) and Neotettix bolteri Hancock, in the Philadelphia 
collections, have been examined and compared with the mater- 
ial at hand referable to the species assigned to Cavotettix by 
Hancock. From these studies we are satisfied that Cavotettix 
Hancock must fall as a synonym of Neotettix Hancock. 

Taking Hancock’s description of Cavotettix, we find that 
the majority of the features, given as diagnostic for that genus, 
are those resultant from the retention of an immature pronotal 


— Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79 


7 type in the adult condition. These are: “the body apterous or 
_ subapterous...... the tectate dorsum, with the median carina 
_ of the pronotum, compressed-cristate...... the broad scapular 
area at the sides of the pronotum; the lateral lobes of the pro- 
-notum bearing but one deep and angular excavate sinus, the 
superior tegminal sinus being vestigial or entirely obliterated ; 
the tegmina either absent or rudimentary, normally covered 
_ from view.” These are of no more generic value than similar 
_ features shown by species of the genus Acrydium, showing the 
retention of an immature pronotal type in the adult condition.’ 
The remaining characters given for Cavotettix are: 
“The median carina of the vertex more compressed.” This 
_ is correct for the species there included. It is in 1 itself insuffi- 
cient for generic separation. 

_ “The somewhat wider scutellate frontal costa.” This is in- 
_ valid as a generic feature. In N. bolteri the frontal costa has 
_ been found to vary from the narrower type found in the geno- 
type, N. femoratus, to a condition fully as wide as found in the 
species assigned by Hancock to Cavotettix. 

“The first joint of the hind tarsi nearly twice the length of 
the second and third combined.” This is a specific but not a 
_ generic feature, as the difference between the species discussed 
and femoratus and bolteri is not as decided as might at first 
__ be supposed, when the moderate amount of individual variabil- 
_ ity in this feature is noted. 


os 
ae 
= 
Se 


_ Neotettix proavus Rehn and Hebard. 

1916. Neotettix proavus Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
 Phila., 1916, p. 1390. [$, 2: Murpky, North Carolina; Macon, Buck- 
head and Jasper, Georgia.] __ 

_ 1918. Cavotettix apterus Hancock, Ent. News, XXIX, p. 345. [é, 
_ @: Clarksville, Tennessee. ] 

1918. Neotettix proavus Fox, Ent. News, XXIX, p. 347. (Descrip- 
tion of caudate phase.) [9 : Clarksville, Tennessee.] 


After careful examination and comparison of a considerable 


Hl Sin reference to this remarkable feature, Rehn and Hebard have 
_ Stated: “That this condition is deep seated in the subfamily is quite 
_ apparent, and it is equally evident that it is characteristic of certain 
_ species and again occurs as a variant in species normally of the usual 


type.” Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1916, p. 138, (1916). 


80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., ’19 


series from Clarksville, Tennessee, with the type of proavus 
and other specimens of this species, we unhesitatingly assign 
Cavotettix apterus Hancock to the present synonymy.’ 

In considering the characters given by Hancock as diagnostic 
for apterus, we find them attributable wholly to individual vari- 
ation, excepting the presence or absence of tegmina and wings. 
From examination of the series it is ascertained that in this 
species greatly atrophied tegmina and much reduced wings are 
present in all, but apparent only in occasional examples.® 


Measurements (in millimeters) 
Length Length Width Length Width 
of body! of pro- of pro- of caudal of caudal 
notum notum femur femur 


) 
Jasper, Gee oi cet 8.5 74 2.25 5. * 
Macon, Ga. Allotype .... 8.5 7.1 2.45 4.9 1.9 
River Junction, Fla. .... 7.8 7. 2.35 4.9 1.95 
Clarksville, Tenn. (20).. 7.5-8.6 7.1-8.1 24-28 5.3-5.6 2,-2.1 
Greenville, Ala. ........ 7.8 7.2 2.3 5 2. 
Evergreen, Ala. ........ 8.3 7. 2.65 g 2. 

2 
Buckhead Ga. i.:... 5% 9.9 8.3 2.9 5.9 2.15 
Macon, Ga. Type ....... 10.4 8.8 2.85 S. 2.1 


River Junction, Fla. (2) 9.8-9.9  8.-8.6 2.8-3 5-5-5.8  2.1-2.1 
Clarksville, Tenn. (18).. 95-10 8.40.1 3.-3.15 5.6-6.1 2.1-2.3 
Clarksville,Tenn. (2) ... 108-10 I1.-11.3 3.4-3.4 5.8-6 2.15-2.2 


2We have received full concurrence in this opinion by James A. G. 
Rehn, Henry Fox and W. S. Blatchley. The pair from which apterus 
was described was given to Blatchley by Fox, who in turn loaned the 
specimens to Hancock for examination. Though Hancock stated that 
apterus might be only a race or variety of proavus, it is clear that he 
made no real effort to secure further material for comparison, or to 
determine the actual values of the characters given as of specific 
diagnostic importance. 

3 Through a desire to damage or distort the male allotype of proavus 
as little as possible, Rehn and Hebard erred in making the statement 
“Tegmina absent.” Examination of this specimen relaxed shows that, 
as in the other specimens at hand, vestigial tegmina are present though 
wholly concealed. It is believed that Hancock is similarly incorrect in 
his statement concerning apterus in his key, “Tegmina absent in female,” 
which statement is qualified by “or entirely hidden from view” in his 
description. 

4From vertex to apex of abdomen. 

5 Caudate examples, 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81 


_ The great majority of the specimens are brown (maximum recessive, 
tawny olive), individually varying to blackish brown. The velvety black 
posthumeral triangles are very conspicuous in the majority, in a few 
weakly defined. One female from River Junction is decidedly mottled; 
while the male from that locality and the female type from Macon 
alone show a very striking bicolored condition, blackish in the cephalic 
half, paler and decidedly contrasting verona brown caudad of the 
posthumeral triangles, the external faces of the caudal femora alone 
blotched with blackish proximo-mesad. 

____ This species has been found by Dr. Henry Fox to be a spring 
form; the majority of the series assembled by him were taken 
about the middle of June. This is probably also true for N. 
— mullisinus (Hancock). As our field work has been largely 
_ undertaken in the late summer and during the fall, the reason 
why we have not collected much larger series is apparent. 

We have given here a reference to the discussion of the 
recently discovered caudate type of the present species by Dr. 
Henry Fox. This is a most interesting feature, ably treated 
by that author. 

Specimens Examined: 50; 26 males® and 24 females. 


Jasper, Georgia, elevation 1550 feet, VIII, 5, 1913, (R.; woodland 
composed of mixed pine and oak), 1 ¢, paratype, [A. N. S. P.] 

Buckhead, near Atlanta, Ga., VIII, 2, 1913, (H.; hillside sees forest), 
I 9, paratype, [A. N. S. P.] 

Macon, Ga., VII, 30 and 31, 1913, (R. & H.; woodland of short-leaf 
pines) , 1 6, 19, type, allotype, [Hebard Cin.]. 

River Junction, Florida, VIII, 31, 1915, (R. & H.; in damp sandy 
area of ravine deciduous forest among very scant herbage), 1 ¢, 2 9, 
{Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]. 

Clarksville, Tennessee, V, 27 to VII, 24, 1917, (H. Fox), 20 ¢, 20 2, 
(2 2 caudate), [Fox, A. N. S. P. and Hebard Clns.]. 

Greenville, Alabama, VIII, 3, 1915, (H.), 1 ¢, [Hebard Cln.]. 

Evergreen, Ala., VIII, 4, 1915, (H.; in leaf litter on almost bare 
_ ground of heavy forest of magnolia, gum and some holly and tulip 
_ trees), 1 6, [Hebard Cln.]. 


_ Neotettix nullisinus (Hancock) 
1918. Cavotettix nullisinus Hancock, Ent. News, XXIX, p. 344. [92 : 
Brownsville, Texas. ] 


The less decidedly tectiform pronotum, with cephalic margin 


® One male labelled only “Schaum’s Collection” is in the Hebard Col- 
lection, 


82 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS | Mar., *19 


of dorsum transverse or very feebly obtuse-angulate produced, 
and the tegmina which, though reduced, are normally in large 
part apparent, readily distinguish this interesting species from 
N. proavus Rehn and Hebard. 

The previously unknown male of this species is a smaller 
replica, in all ambisexual features, of the female sex. 


Measurements (in millimeters) 
Length Length Width Length Width 


of of of of of 

body pronotum pronotum caudal caudal 

3} femur femur 
Houston, Perio. 5 Ss 7.3 72 2.3 4.8 2% 
Webster, fet) oa0. ee c3. 7.4 7. 2.3 4.8 2.2 
Webstet. bet rites ea fej 7.2 2.35 4.7 ys 
Webster Tee. sei eo eee 7.8 2 2.35 4.75 2.1 

2 

PLOUNStON OLE Re is sos a 9.5 8.8 2. Ce 2.3 
WVGUSEL POX. CSc 05s uses os 9.9 8.8 2.9 5.8 2.3 


With the exception of one female, the series is uniform fuscous black 
in general coloration. The velvety black humeral triangles are weakly 
indicated in the males, slightly more conspicuous in the females. One 
female is of the bicolored type which is also found in froavus; in this 
example, the portions cephalad of the posthumeral triangles are black- 
ish brown, those caudad of that point distinctly paler, saccardos umber 
shading to sepia toward the medio-longitudinal carina on the pronotum. 


Specimens Examined: 6; 4 males and 2 females. 


Houston, Texas, VIII, 12, 1915, (R. & H.; on ground covered with 
scant short grass under scattered oaks’), 1 6, 1 9, [Hebard Cin.] 

Webster, Harris County, Tex., VII, 19, 1912, (H.), 3 6,1 2, [Hebard 
Cin. and A. N. S. P-]. 


An Entomologist’s Handbook. 


An entomologist’s handbook or compendium is very much needed, 
especially by economic entomologists. It is planned to compile such a 
handbook, which will include principles and methods of studying the 
life histories of insects, of conducting field experiments and demonstra- 
tions, handy tables for field workers, et cetera. It is desired to have 
references, or better, to have separates of all published notes dealing 
-directly or indirectly with the subject and to have details, and if pos- 
sible, drawings or photographs as well, of cages, apparatus, methods, 
etc., as yet unpublished. The handbook will be a compilation and full 
credit given to all contributions. 

The co-operation of entomologists is solicited—Joun J. Davis; Box 
95, West Lafayette, Indiana. 


‘Tong continued search in this area, with a view to seiiring fur- 
ther specimens of this insect, proved fruitless. 


we a 
es 


3 
: 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, IgIQ. 


The Next International Entomological Congress. 


The first International Entomological Congress, held in Brus- 
sels, Belgium, in 1910, was an unqualified success, both from 
the scientific and social standpoints. The exposition being 
held at the same time and place was an additional interest. 

The second Congress was held in Oxford, England, during 
August, 1912, and was equally enjoyable in every way. A 
feature of this meeting was the pleasant excursions to places 
near Oxford and the very profitable and enjoyable day spent 
at Tring. There was a relatively large attendance of Amer- 


‘icans at this meeting, seventeen being present and but three 


at the first Congress. 

The third Congress was to have been held in Vienna, Aus- 
{ria, in 1915, but unforeseen, non-entomological European in- 
terests made the meeting difficult, if not impossible, so it was 
not held. 

The termination of the war has led some entomologists to 
think of the next meeting of this association. 

Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, the Dominion Entomologist, sug- 
gests holding the Congress in the United States next year, 
when traveling conditions become settled. He believes that 
if the congress were held in one of our large cities the atten- 
dance would be a record one. 

There is no question but that a meeting on this side of the 
ocean would greatly increase the membership and would afford 
much pleasure to the delegates and members from abroad who 
have not visited America. 

They would probably also be glad of the opportunity to 
study our museums and collections. 

It will be interesting to know what American entomologists 
think of the suggestion to have the meeting on this side.— 
HENRY SKINNER. 


2. 
e 


eS The Jubilee of the Canadian Entomologist. 
With the number for December, 1918, The Canadian Entomologist 
completed its fiftieth volume, Volume I, Number 1, bearing the date 


August 1, 1868. We offer our hearty congratulations to our oldest 
‘monthly sister of this continent. 


83 


84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Mar., 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 

An Appeal From Belgium. 

The follawing letter has been received from the Curator of the 
Entomological Section of the Royal Museum of Natural History of 
Belgium : 

[Translation ] 
Brussels, 11-I-1919. 
Dear Sir: 

It is absolutely necessary that you write some notices in the Ameri- 
can scientific journals in order to save the Selys Catalogue. I have 
lost twenty subscriptions in Europe and I must retrieve them in the 
United States. Financial aid from the de Selys family is impossible 
for a long time. Each new subscription will bring a little capital to 
the reconstitution of this work which can be brought to a termination 
with a little energy’ and with the aid of all. The great institutions, 
libraries, etc., ought to put some of their pennies into subscriptions. 

Here we have suffered much from the slow and inexorable hunger, 
from the nervous depression of our abominable slavery that no one 
can describe. Our museum and our collections are saved, but I have 
lost one of my two sons who was at the front, a fine boy of 24 years, 
a captain of engineers. I have lost a part of my small fortune and my 
health, but more I fear that the sufferings from hunger have comprom- 
ised the future of my younger son and of my grandchildren. 

The balance sheet is sad and I have little courage to take it up. I 
would not, however, see the Catalogue, to which I have devoted myself 
for years, founder. This is why I call for your aid. Write to your 
entomological friends and-sustain me. . 

Yours sorrowfully, 


G. SEVERIN. 


The Baron Edmond de Selys Longchamps (1813-1900) was known 
as the chief authority on the taxonomy and geographical distribution 
of the Odonata. He formed an extensive collection of these insects and 
of other “neuropteroids” from all parts of the world, and of the 
vertebrates and some other groups of Europe. These collections were 
presented after his death to the Brussels Museum by his two sons. 

The publication of the Catalogue Systématique et Descriptif des Col- 
lections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, “designed 
to realize the supreme desire of their late possessor and at the same 
time to serve science,” was begun in 1906 under the care of the two 
sons, M. Severin and a number of zoologists, who undertook, as special- 
ists, the preparation of certain parts thereof. 


ae. lik abla 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMCLOGICAL NEWS 85 


It was planned to appear in 32 fascicules of a varying number of 
pages, of large quarto size, illustrated by text figures and some plates. 
The subscription price for the complete work was fixed at 25 centimes 
(20 centimes for the fascicules on Orthoptera, Lepidoptera and Verte- 
brates) per page of text, 2.75 francs per colored plate and 2 francs per 
black and white plate, with an increase of 25 per cent. for subscriptions 
to separate parts only. 

At the beginning of the war 21 fascicules had appeared, treating 
of the Orthoptera, Embiidae, Perlodides. Megaloptera, Trichoptera, 
Ascalaphidae, Libellulinae, Cordulinae, Aeschninae, Birds, Mammals, 
Amphibians and Fishes, at a total price of 703.50 francs. The eight 
fascicules on the Libellulinae by Dr. F. Ris, of Rheinau, Switzerland, 
constitute the most extensive monograph on that subfamily ever pro- 
duced, and several other groups have been dealt with in a similar 
fashion. Several fascicules are in such an advanced state of prepara- 
tion or of printing that they can be issued in a short time. 

There are many reasons—scientific, humanitarian, international, ap- 
preciative of the nation which has suffered so fearfully—why the Sely- 
sian Catalogue should be carried to completion, and it is to be hoped 
that readers of this appeal will personally do all in their power to aid 
in this accomplishment by inducing institutions which they can in- 
fluence to subscribe. All correspondence relating to subscriptions should 
be addressed to M. G. Severin, Musée Royal I’Histoire Naturelle, 31 
Rue Vautier, Bruxelles, Belgium—Puiip P. Catvert, University of 
Pennsylvania. pan 


Entomological Literature. 


_ COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 


Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
tomology of the Americas (North and South). including Arachnida and 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- 
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species. will be recorded. 

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. 

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 
first installments. 

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the 
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title, 
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at 
end of title, within brackets. 

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- 
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- 
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 


4—Canadian Entomologist, London, Can. 5—Psyche, Cambridge, 
Mass. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, London. 10— 
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 
15—Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington. 17—Lepidoptera, 


86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Mar., 719 


Boston, Mass. 20—Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de 
France, Paris. 22—Bulletin of Entomological Research, London, 
51—Archiv fur Mikroskopische Anatomie, Bonn. 58—New York 
State Museum Bulletin, Albany. 59—Journal of Agricultural Re- 
search, Washington. 63—Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de His- 
toria Natural “Felipe Poey,” Habana. 68—Science, Lancaster, Pa, 
77—Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie, Paris. 
78—Bulletin Biologuque de la France et de la Belgique, Paris. 
79—Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 
College, Cambridge, Mass. 80--Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Geneve. 
81—The Journal of Parasitology, Urbana, Illinois. 82—The Ohio 
Journal of Science, Columbus. 


_ GENERAL. Gautier, C.—Etudes physiologiques et parasitolo- 
giques sur les lepidopteres nusisibles. La ponte des Apanteles para- 
site de Pieris brassicae. 77, lxxxi, 1152-55. Howard, L. O.—Ento- 
mology and the War. (Scientific Monthly, Lancaster, viii, 109-17). 
Mortensen, T.—Observations on protective adaptations and 
habits, mainly in marine animals. (Pub. Univ. Zool. Mus. Koben- 
haven, N I., pp. 57-96). Ramsden, C. T.—Vida y exploraciones zoo- 
logicas del Juan Gundlach en Cuba. 68, iii, 146-68. de Sagarra, I.— 
Instrucciones por los recollectores d’insectos. (Mus. Barcinonensis 
Sci. Nat. Opera, Zool., Barcelona, iv, 97 pp.) Sturtevant, A. H.— 
An analysis of the effects of selection. (Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. 
No. 264, 68 pp.) Weiss, H. B.—Insects which attract public atten- 
tion. (Scientific Monthly, Lancaster, viii, 179-86.) 


MEDICAL. Sturtevant, A.H.—Flies of the genus Drosophila 
as possible disease carriers. 81, v. 84-5. 

ARACHNIDA & MYRIAPODA. Carl, J—Miscellanees diplo- 
podologiques. (Neotropical). 80, xxvi, 417-68. 


Chamberlin, R. V.—New [5] polydesmoid diplopods from Ten- 
nessee and Mississippi. 5, xxv, 122-27. 


NEUROPTERA. Banks, N.—Antillean Isoptera. 79. Ixii, 475- 
89. Howe, R. H.—Odonata of the Franconia region, New Hamp- 
shire. 4, 1919, 9-15. Kennedy, C. H.—A new sp. of Argia. 4, 1919, 
17-18. Moore, W.—The effect of laundering upon lice, (Pediculus 
corporis) and their eggs. 81, v, 61-8. 


ORTHOPTERA. Chopard, L.—Diagnoses d’Orthopteres nou- 
veaux (Phasgoneuridae) [Neotropical]. 20, 1918, 243-6, Du Porte, 
E. M.—On the structure and function of the proventriculus of 
Gryllus pennsylvanicus. 5, xxv, 117-22. Pantel & Sinety.—Reac- 
tion chromatique et non chromatique de quelques phasmides aux 


Bt 


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Val. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87 


excitations dependant de la lumiere. 78, lii, 177-283. Piers, H.— 
The Orthoptera of Nova Scotia; with descriptions of the species 
and notes on their occurrence and habits (Proc. & Trans. Nova 
Scotia, Inst. Sci. xiv, 201-354). 

HEMIPTERA. Muir, F.—Notes on the Delphacidae in the 
British Museum Collection. 4, 1919, 6-8. Osborn, H— The meadow 
plant bug, Miris dolabratus. 59, xv, 175-200. Wilson, H. F.—Some 
new [7] lachnids of the genus Lachniella. 4, 1919, 18-22 (cont.). 


LEPIDOPTERA. French, G. H.—Catocala ulalume vs. C. caro- 
lina. 4,1919,16. Kaye, W. J.Catagramma pitheas and C. cyclops 
distinct species. 8, 1919, 5-6. Knetzger, A——Hesperids rare at St. 
Louis, Mo. 17%, iii, 6. Rothke, M. Contributions to the life histories 
of Thyris lugubris, and T. maculata. 17, iii, 4-5. 


DIPTERA. Carter, A. E. J—Note on the “singing” of Syrphus 
ribesii while at rest. 8, 1919, 18. Hadwen & Cameron.—A contri- 
bution to the knowledge of the bot flies, Gastrophilus intestinalis, 
G. haemorrhoidalis, and nasalis. 22, ix, 91-106. Lamb, C. G—On 
a parasitic Drosophila from Trinidad. 22, ix, 157-62. Lodge, O. C. 
—An examination of the sense reactions of flies. 22, ix, 141-52. 
Ludlow, C. S.—Note on Limatus durhami. 5, xxv, 127-8. March- 
and, W.—First account of a thermotropism in Anopheles puncti- 
pennis, with bionomic observations. 5, xxv, 130-35. Mosier & 
Snyder—Fur'ther notes on Tabanidae in the Florida everglades. 
10, xx, 182-84. Ross, W. A.—The identity of 'the wheat midge i in On- 
tario. 4, 1919, 16. 


Brues, C. T.—New [7] No. Am. Phoridae of the genus Aphio- 
chaeta. 15, vi, 183-94. Felt, E.P.—A study of gall midges. VI. 
[many new]. 58, No. 202, 76-205. McAtee, W. L.—Key to the ne- 
arctic species of the genus Laphria (Asilidae) [12 new]. 82, xix, 
143-70. Townsend, C. H. T.—New muscoid genera, species and 
synonymy. 15, vi, 157-82. 

COLEOPTERA. Barnes, P. T.—Fireflies flashing in unison. 68, 
xlix, 72. Champion, G. C—Notes on various species of the genus 


Chalchas. 8, 1919, 1-3. Fisher, W. S.—Chrysobothris tranquebarica 
versus impressa. 10, xx, 173-77. 


HYMENOPTERA. Cockerell, T. D. A—-Some halictine bees in 
the U. S. National museum. 10, xx, 177-82. Gatenby, J. B.—Note 
on Apanteles glomeratus, a braconid parasite of the larva of Pieris 
brassicae. 8, 1919, 19-24 (cont.). Weiss & Nicolay—Notes on Clos- 
terocerus cinctipennis in New Jersey. 5, xxv, 128-30. 


Rohwer, S. A.—Notes on, and descriptions of sawflies belonging 
to the tenthredinid tribe Hemichroini [2 newl. 10, xx, 161-73. 


88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |Mar., *19 


Doings of Societies.” | 
Feldman Collecting Social. 

No meeting was held in October owing to the epidemic of influenza. 

Meeting of November 20, 1918, at the residence of Wm. S. Hunt- 
ington, 1006 N. 64th St., Philadelphia; eleven members present; Presi- 
dent H. W. Wenzel in the chair. 

Coleoptera. Mr. Harbeck said a man in Trenton, New Jersey. 
had complained to him of his war garden being ruined by a large 
“bug” coming from the ground at night in great numbers, and when he 
had examined specimens, found them to be Lucanus dama- Thunb. 
Mr. Wenzel said there was no doubt but there was something in the 
garden to attract them, and they were not merely digging in the ground. 
Mr. H. A. Wenzel said they had found mazama LeC. in the west in 
early morning, running along the trails looking for a place to hide. 
Mr. H. W. Wenzel said that in July and August he had noticed great 
numbers of Cotinus nitidus Linn. and some weeks later, while cutting 
the grass, he had seen what he at first had mistaken for an ant hill. 
When this pile of dirt was pushed aside, quite a large hole was dis- 
closed, and he then took a steel wire with a hook on one end which 
he inserted in the hole twelve or fourteen inches, and after turning 
a few times, drew out a large Scarabaeid larva. Many of these were 
found later. Some he was unable to hook and he came to the con- 
clusion that these burrows had lateral galleries at the bottom. Dr. 
Castle exhibited a phial containing many larvae and pupae of Popillia 
japonica Newm. from Riverton, New Jersey. Mr. Laurent reported the 
capture at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., of JLebia tricolor Say on 
October 5, Tachinus limbatus Melsh. on September 4, and the intro- 
duced species, Sphacridium 2-pustulatum Fabr. on October 109. 

Orthoptera. Mr. Laurent mentioned that for many years he 
had reported the large mantis, Paratenodera sinensis Sauss. as com- 
mon, but this year, for the first time, it was scarce, though the nymphs 
were quite plentiful during June and July. 

Diptera. Mr. Hornig stated that this vear the first mosquito 
larvae were found March 27, and the last November 14.—Gro. M. 
GREENE, Secretary. 


OBITUARY 
BENJAMIN Hayes SMITH, a collector of Coleoptera, died at 
his residence, 4704 Chester Avenue, Philadelphia, on Novem- 
ber 25, 1918. He was born in Upper Darby, Delaware County, 
Pennsylvania, May 7, 1841, son of Dr. George Smith and Mary 
(Lewis) Smith. Dr. Smith was a prominent physician and 
citizen of the county and was especially active in the Delaware 


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Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89 


County Institute of Science at Media. He was a botanist of 
note and author of a list of plants of Delaware County which 
appeared in an important historical work, the History of Dela- 
ware County, of which he was also the author. 

Benjamin H. Smith was educated at Haverford School, af- 
terward Haverford College, where he graduated in 1859. The 
study of Natural History was strongly encouraged at the 
school, the collecting of insects being then the favorite pastime, 
and young Smith, who shared his father’s interests, became in- 


‘tensely interested in forming a collection of Coleoptera, a pur- 


suit which he followed for many years afterwards whenever 
opportunity offered. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he join- 
ed the Anderson Troop and served under General ‘Buell 
throughout the campaign in Tennessee, Alabama and Miss- 
issippi, which was later conducted by General Rosecrans, the 
troop being attached to headquarters. 

Smith’s ambition had always been to locate in the far west 
and in 1869 he visited Denver, Colorado, returning in 1872 to 
take a position in the Surveyor General’s office in the Mining 
Department. He had been married in 1866 to Miss Addie L. 
Brooke, of Delaware County, and his wife followed him to 
Colorado as soon as he had established himself and they re- 
sided there until 1876, returning again to occupy the same posi- 
tion from 1880 to 1887. His work took him to various parts 
of Colorado and offered splendid opportunities for the prose- 
cution of his natural history pursuits. He collected beetles 
assiduously and sent back packages of plants to his father. 
During his later residence there, botany seemed to occupy his 
main attention and upon his return to Delaware County, in 
1887, he devoted his leisure time almost exclusively to this 
study. He had visited California and Oregon in 1887, and in 
1893 and 1894 spent most of the summer in New Mexico, 
while he engaged in many other trips to various parts of the 
east, combining his botanical interests and his love of trout 
fishing. He was a close friend of the late Dr. Thomas C. 


Porter and in later years Dr. C. S. Sargeant, with whom 
-he made many trips. After his return to the east he was en- 


gaged as an investment broker. 


90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., ’19 


_ He was a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia, the American Entomological Society and the Phil- 
adelphia Botanical Club, as well as of many historical and lit- 
erary societies. In the Entomological Society he served on 
the Committee on Coleoptera in 1879, on the Executive Com- 
mittee in 1888 and on the Publication Committee from 1889 to 
IQT3. 

In spite of his great interest in Natural History, his publica- 
tions seem to have been entirely upon historical subjects, most 
of them being contributions to the Pennsylvania Magazine of 
History and Biography, issued by the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania. 

Mr. Smith was a remarkably well read man, with a knowl- 
edge of a variety of subjects, but modest and retiring,-so that 
few realized his attainments. In science he was one of those 
who find greater satisfaction supplying valuable material and 
information for the use of others than to engage in original 
publication —WITMER STONE. 


' In August, 1918, he presented his collection of Colkepters. 
neatly labeled and arranged in ninety boxes, of a modified 
Schmitt type, to the Zoological Laboratory of the University of 
Pennsylvania, where it has been installed in Brock cases. Ac- 
cording to a memorandum in the copy of Henshaw’s List which, 
‘marked for the species represented, served as a catalogue of 
his collection, he had about 10,000 specimens of 2333 species, 
very largely from Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and from 
Colorado, but from other States as well. Many of the locality 
labels (and this applies to the Colorado specimens) give the 
State name only. At the time when he made this gift, he re- 
called his personal association with Doctors Le Conte and Horn 
in the early decades of the Entomological Society, and that 
failing eyesight caused him to turn his studies from beetles to 
plants. He left a number of drawings of details of Rhyncho- 
phora which his daughter, Miss Alice L. Smith, has placed 
in the writer’s custody; it may be that they can be utilized as 
‘illustrations for some future publication on the group.— 
Puiip P. CALVERT. 


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ENT. NEws, VOL. XXX. Plate V. 


EUCLEMENSIA BASSETTELLA.—HOLLINGER AND PARKS. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XX. 


APRIL, 


I9I9Q. No. 4. 


CONTENFS: 


Hollinger and Parks—Euclemensia 
bassettella (Clemens), the Kermes 
Parasite (Micro-lepidoptera, Tine- 


Coleman—An Aberration of Polygonia 
proche (Lepid.)... <0. s<cs2ssceganes 112 
‘Seventeen Year Grasshoppers’”’...... 113 


oides, Oecophoridae).............% g1 | Editorial—Swat the Fly Versus Starve 
Skinner—A new Species of Copaeodes PG RC sos oo oo ok acces eed II4 
ER LEON a geerere ae 100 | Cockerell—Crabro montanus Cresson 
Weiss—A Resurrected Paper on Mos- i SE SE Pi arene y Saris a8 114 
quitos and Malaria (Diptera)...... Iol Cockerell—Capture of Ants by Gummy 
McDunnough—Change of Address.... 102 Meecations CF yin. osteo cons cases 115 
Ferris—Two Species of Phylloxera Entomological Literature ............. 115 
from California (Hemip ; Aphidae) 103 | Doings of Societies—Ent. Sec. Acad. 


Kennedy—The Naiad of the Odonate 


Nat. Sci. Phil. (Hymen., Lepid.).. 118 


Genus Coryphaeschna...........-- 105 
Braun—Descriptions of New Species * 
Coleophora ( Micro-lepidoptera).. 


Feldman Collecting Social (Lepid., 
Coleop., Orth., Dipt. 
Ohio Setomeloeiant Workers.33...» 


Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens), the Kermes Para- 
site (Micro-lepidoptera, Tineoidea, Oecophoridae). 
By ALBert Harotp Hoiincer, Bryan, Texas, and Harris 
BRALEY Parks, College Station, Texas.* 

(Plate V.) 

HISTORY 


In March, 1864, Clemens established the genus Hamadryas 
for a microlepidopteron received from H. F. Bassett, of 
Waterbury, Connecticut. Clemens named the species in honor 
of Bassett, and it was known as Hamadryas bassettella Clemens 
until April, 1878. Grote in that year called attention to the 
pre-occupancy of Clemens’ genus Hamadryas in the Lepidop- 
tera by Hubner and Boisduval, and he proposed the name. 
Euclemensia as a generic substitute. It has since been referred 
to as Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens) in literature and in 
manuscripts. . 


*The authors’ names are alphabetically arranged, and do not denote 
seniority. 
gI 


92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. LAprs "19 


There seem to have been some conflicting notes in literature 
relative to the habits of this pretty moth (plate V, C). Clemens 
quotes Bassett, saying: “The species is very common in the 
neighborhood of Waterbury, Connecticut, and the larva feeds 
in a gall found on a species of oak which I call Quercus tinc- 
toria. The galls are found on the smaller branches, three or 
four being aggregated, are globular, yellowish-brown, shining 
and hard.” 

Comstock (1880b)7+ says that this beautiful moth with red- 
dish-orange-marked fore wings was bred from a large gall-like 
coccid from Cedar Keys, Florida, and that Riley pointed out 
to Bassett that his supposed gall was in reality a coccid. Com- 
stock further says: “The rearing of the same moth from what 
is evidently a closely allied, if not the same, species of coccid 
from two such widely separated localities as Connecticut and 
Florida, is a strong indication of the permanence of the car- 
nivorous habit in this species.” 

Packard (1890b) on page 219 of his “Forest Insects” says: 
“The following species are said by Clemens and Chambers to 
itve on the leaves of various species of oak,” and on page 220 
F. bassettella (Clemens) is listed 4s a leaf miner of the under 
surface of oak leaves, with a further note that it feeds in galls. 
Evidently Packard overlooked Comstock’s record. 

King (1899) says that in Massachusetts Kermes galliformis 
Riley is attacked by Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens). 

Britton (1916) states: “Specimens of a Kermes, probably 
K. sassceri King, were collected on an oak at Yalesville, April 
13, 1916, by B. H. Walden. On examining this material dur- 
ing the summer four specimens of a small moth were found 
in the box, and in the scales were holes from which the moths 
had emerged. The moths proved to be Euclemensia bassettelia 
(Clemens).” 

Lawson (1917) records this moth from Kermes galliformis 
Riley taken at Lawrence, Kansas, and identified by Dr. Mc- 
Dunnough. 3 : 

Due to the fact that in both Missouri and Texas this oecoph- 


yDates in parentheses refer to the bibliography listed at the end of 
this article. ; 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 93 


orid moth has been reared abundantly from Kermes of more 
a than one species, the writers are led to believe that Bassett’s 
_ “galls” were nothing more nor less than some species of Ker- 
‘mes, and that Packard merely copied Clemens’ notes which 
accompanied the original description of this microlepidopteron. 
This view is.strongly emphasized or even substantiated by the . 
records of Comstock, King, Britton and Lawson. 


OTHER RECORDS OF PARASITISED KERMES. 


The only other known records of the genus Kermes being 
infested by lepidopterous larvae are those given below. 
_ Chambers (1878) described Blastobasis coccivorella, a spe- 
cies of Tineoidea which was reared abundantly from a large 

 coccid, Kermes sp. from Florida. Comstock (1880a) says that 
some of the scales were pierced by round holes and entirely 
eaten out. By dissecting apparently sound ones, he found a 
few full-grown lepidopterous larvae measuring about eight 
_ millimeters long. These were plump, the 4th and 5th abdominal 
segments being the largest. The general color was milk-white, 
the head light brown with darker brown mouth-parts. The 
prothoracic plate was narrow, light brown, and divided longi- 
tudinally in the middle. It had six well-developed thoracic legs 
and five pairs of pro-legs. When the larva began pupating, it 
first cut an opening through the exterior of the coccid, which 
__up to that time had been entire. Then it spun up a compara- 
. tively compact cocoon on the outside of the coccid, attached to 
the edges of the circular hole. 
_ Dyar (1902), however, does not record Chambers’ species 
_at all, and the writers can find no other place in literature where 
_B. coccivorella Chambers is mentioned. Is it a synonym of 
some valid species, or was it entirely overlooked by Dyar in his 
check-list ? — : on 
- Comstock (1880) described a tineid moth, Dakruma cocci-. 
divora (=Dakrwma pallida), which was reared from a species 
of Kermes from Sanford and from Fort George, Florida. He 
gave the following account of the larval habits of the parasite: 
“When full-grown the larva leaves the coccid, which it in- 
fested, and makes a cocoon which is attached to the outside of 


94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. {Apr., 19 


the coccid or to a neighboring twig.” Dakruma coccidivora 
Comstock is now known as Laetilia coccidivora (Comstock). 
(Fracker, 1917). 

Packard (1890a), from some of C. V. Riley’s unpublished 
notes, states that: “These scales from Silver City, New Mexico, 
were infested with the larvae of a lepidopteron apparently 
belonging to Laetilia (= Dakruma),’ which issued in April, 
1881. It is quite possible that this species is the same as that 
described by Comstock (1880a). 


DISTRIBUTION. 


Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens) has been reported in 
literature from the following states: Connecticut, Florida, Kan- 
sas, Massachusetts and Texas. Having found it to occur 
abundantly in both Missouri and Texas, we believe it safe to 
say that this parasitic lepidopteron is generally distributed at 
least over the eastern half of the United States. It is our fur- 
ther opinion that this species will be found to occur in nearly 
every state east of the Rocky Mountains, and possibly even 
throughout the extent of this country. 


OCCURRENCE IN MIssourI1. 


While on a collecting trip the twenty-sixth of April, 1917, 
Parks was attracted by a pair of downy woodpeckers, Dryo- 
bates pubescens medianus, which were working arduously in 
a clump of watersprouts of a shingle oak, Quercus imbricaria 
Michx., near Albany, Gentry County, Missouri. Subsequent 
investigation showed that the oak was heavily infested by Ker- 
mes pettiti Ehrh., (plate V, H). Each bird detached a Ker- 
mes and then placed it securely in a fork made by two twigs or 
in some roughened crevice in the old trunk. After some little 
hammering and pecking they withdrew something from the 
interior of the Kermes and swallowed it. They would then 
look for another coccid and after finding one to their liking 
they would again go through a similar procedure. In all cases 
they left the hard shell of the dismembered Kermes behind 
them. 

Later investigation showed the presence of white lepidopter- 


Vol. xxx] . ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 95 


ous larvae (plate V, A) within many of the gall-like coccids. 
With exception of a few Kermes that the birds had opened in 
situ, no attached specimens showed the presence of abnormal- 
conditions at this date, (plate V, Hb). 

Much of the Kermes material was given over to Hollinger, 
and it was placed in the laboratory in a rearing cage on the 
ninth of June. The first moth appeared on the twenty-sev- 
enth of June and by the middle of July twenty-three moths 
had emerged and which were identified as Euclemensia bas- 
settella (Clemens) by Mr. A. Busck, of the United States 
Bureau of Entomology. On the twelfth of July some of the 
- apparently normal Kermes were opened, and from these were 
obtained three larvae and four pupae. 

The adult moths have been observed in ae 1917, by Dr. L. 
Haseman, Entomologist of the Missouri Agricultural Experi- 
ment Station. They were frequenting the blossoms of the gar- 
den onion. Hollinger collected an adult on the fifteenth of 
August flying in his own garden. These two records of the 
moths flying at large, with exception of a recent additional 
record from Texas, are the only ones that have come to the at- 
tention of the writers. 


OCCURRENCE IN TEXAS. 


Since the writing of the first draft of this article, the writers 
have removed to Texas. Our new positions have given us un- 
usual opportunity to observe the occurrence and habits of 
Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens) in that state. 

Early in January, 1918, a remarkable infestation of Kermes 
galliiformis Riley was discovered on Quercus stellata Wang. 
near Corsicana, Navarro County, Texas. The Kermes were in 
such large numbers that many limbs had succumbed to their 
attack. Investigation revealed the fact that the coccids were 
heavily infested by the euclemensid larvae. From specimens . 
collected the adults emerged in the laboratory about the middle 
of July. Numerous other severe infestations have been under 
observation, and the following list will give the host plants and 
the locality from which Euclemensia-infested Kermes have 
_ been reared, together with the dates of emergence of the 
adults. 


96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Apr., *19 


Quercus marilandica Muench 
Black Jack (et cosas wee Anderson County... July, 1918 
Brazos County...... 
Henderson County.. 
Quercus stellata Wang, Post Oak..Brazos County...... 
Fannin County..... 
Navarro County..... 26 July, 1918 
Robertson County... July, 1918 

Van Zandt County. Ba rae es 
Quercus virginiana Mill, Live Oak.McLennan County... 24 July, 1918 
San Patricio County. July, 1918 
Travis Cowtity “742-5 se 


Quercus undulata Torrey 


Shinnesy (oak Goce 2k ik ee Comanche County .. £ 
Crosby County ...... 26 July, 1918 
Quercus nigra I, Water Oak..... Brazos County ...... July, 1918 


Cook County 3367.5 is 

Grayson County ..... 

On the third of August, 1918, a single adult Euclemensia 

bassettella (Clemens) was collected by Parks in Robertson 

County from the flowers of cultivated onions. This is the only 
adult that has been seen flying at large in Texas. 


HABITs. 


When the larva (plate V, A) becomes full-grown, it cuts a 
circular to oval hole about one or one and one-half millimeters 
in diameter through the hard body-wall of the host (plate V, 
D, F, Ha). This hole is then closed securely with a thin, tough 
mesh of silken threads (plate V, Fc), after which the larva 
crawls backward to the end of its retreat. Here it transforms 
to the pupal stage, which is naked, (plate V, B) no cocoon 
being spun. 

In all the infested Kermes examined, the larva apparently 
produces a more or less distinctly “U-shaped” retreat or bur- 
row, (plate V, E) living entirely within this division and not 
working at large throughout the body of the Kermes. This 
retreat occupies the lower half of all the infested hosts and 
nearly comes together at the ends, yet leaves a small space 
between the ends of the “U.” | 

After emerging from its pupa, the moth in some way breaks 
the strands of silken threads over the opening cut by the larva 


PO ee 


1. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Q7 


and makes its escape (plate V, I'm). While most of the larvae 
inherit the instinct to cut the hole through the body-wall of the 
Kermes large enough for their bodies to pass through, some 
apparently fail to make the exit holes quite large enough for 
the adults to leave their hosts, for several imagoes have been 
found dead in their retreats with their heads through the open- 
ings or with parts of their bodies through the exit holes (plate 
VY. Fm), not being able to enlarge in the least the hole through 
the hard body-wall of the Kermes. 


SUPPOSED OCCURRENCE IN GALLS. 


At Corsicana, Navarro County, and at Bryan, Brazos County, 
Texas, some limbs of post oaks, Quercus stellata Wang., bore 
numerous specimens of Kermes galliformis Riley which were 
badly infested by this oecophorid parasite. They also bore 
numerous hymenopterous galls which resembled in size and 
shape the specimens of Kermes. Many of these galls con- 
tained clean-cut holes resembling in general appearance those 
made by Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens). In order to as- 
certain whether or not Bassett, as quoted by Clemens (1864), 
and Packard (18900) were correct in their previous state- 
ments that this lepidopteron bred in galls, many of these galls 
were collected and enclosed in rearing cages. Some time in 
July several specimens of a large hymenopterous insect emerg- 
ed from the gall material. Specimens sent to Dr. Howard on 
thirty-first of July were returned in early August with the 
following notes: ‘““The insect which you considered to be a 
gall-maker is a species of Callimome, not a gall-maker, but a 
parasite on some gall maker. It is a Chalcidid of the family 
Toryminae, but undeterminable specifically. It is possible that 
it is a parasite of the Euclemensia.” 

The writers would refute this latter possibility, however, be- 
cause the several hymenopterous galls were placed in separate 
rearing jars from the Kermes material, and from the gall 
material Hymenoptera alone emerged. Furthermore, there is 
no possibility of Callimome being a parasite of Euclemensia 
bassettella (Clemens) because the writers have never reared 
the lepidopteron from the galls nor have lepidopterous larvae 


98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Apr.,’19 


ever been found within these galls when they were dissected. 
In all cases various sized hymenopterous larvae were found’ 
after dissection of the galls. On the other hand, no Hymenop- 
tera—not even Callimome—have ever been reared by the 
writers from any Kermes either in Missouri or Texas. All 
dissections of parasitized Kermes have shown lepidopterous 
larvae and never hymenopterous grubs. 


~DESCRIPTION. 


The larva (plate V, A) is a whitish grub about five millimeters long 
and two millimeters in diameter at the fourth and fifth abdominal seg- 
ments. The head and the first thoracic segment are chestnut-brown. 
The pro-thoracic segment is marked longitudinally with a narrow 
white line which continues along the vertex and down either side of 
the front to the margins of the clypeus. The pairs of short thoracic 
legs are edged with chestnut-brown. The pro-legs occur on the 
third, fourth, fifth, sixth and tenth abdominal segments, and are appar- 
ently not much developed. Each pro-leg has the crochets or hooks 
arranged in a uniordinal circle. Fracker (1917) gives as one of the 
characters of the Oecophoridae, the family to which Euclemensia bas- 
settella (Clemens) belongs, the biordinal circle of crochets. Evidently 
E. bassettella (Clemens) is an “exception that proves the rule,” for 
it has a clearly defined uniordinal arrangement. The body is but 
sparsely dotted with setae. The spiracles are small, brownish, and 
circular. 

The pupa (plate V, B) is light brownish in general color, measuring 
about four millimeters in length and about two millimeters in diameter 
at its middle. The abdomen, in general, is a cream color, and the 
spiracles are distinctly marked with brownish. The dorsal terga are 
slightly chitinized with brown. The empty pupal case is a uniform 
yellow-brown. 


Inasmuch as the original description of the adult is excellent 
and undoubtedly inacc:ssible to some readers, the writers have 
thought best to reproduce it verbatim (Clemens, 1864). 


“Fore-wings bright reddish-orange, sometimes tinted with yellowish- 
orange, with a black spot at the base of the fold of the wing and a 
broad black stripe showing bluish or greenish reflections along the 
inner margin extending from the middle of the fold to the tip of the 
wing and occupying nearly one-half the breadth of it. Along the costa, 
about the middle of it, is a shining black stripe, which becomes nar- 
rower as it approaches the apical third of the wing. Cilia blackish. 
Hind wings shining, dark greenish-black. Head and thorax black. 
Antennae black. Labial palpi yellowish-orange.” (plate V, C). 


zs 
@ 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 99 


Chambers (1878) later notes color variation in Euclemensia 
bassettella or ranging from “sulphur to almost brick- 


red.” 
SUM MARY. 


The writers desire to emphasize the following points: 

(1) Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens) is a Kermes parasite 
and not a gall feeder as has been reported. 

(2) Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens) larvae have habits dif- 
fering from those of other Kermes-infesting Lepidop- 
tera. 

(3) There would appear to be but one generation of this lepi- 
dopteron a year. 

(4) No parasites are known to attack any stage of this Ker- 
mes parasite. 

(5) Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens) is undoubtedly more 

: widely distributed than its records show. 

(6) In a few cases this parasite has been abundant enough to 
materially reduce the coccids’ numbers. 


LaTERATURE CITED. 


 Brirron, W. E., 1916. In 16th. Report of State Entomologist of 
Connecticut, for the year 1916, part 2. 

Cuampers, V. T., 1878. “Tineina,’ in Canadian Entomologist, X, 
pages 50-54. 

CiemeEns, B., 1864. “N. A. Micro-Lepidoptera,’ in Pro. of Ent. Soc. 
of Phil., II, pages 415-430. 

Comstock, J. H., 1880a. “Notes on Predaceous po hee y i Rpt 
of U. S. Com. of Agr., 1880, pages 241-244. 

Comstock, J. H., 1880b, “Euclemensia bassettella,’ in do. page 245. 

Dyar, H. G., 1902. “A List of N. A. Lepidoptera,” in Bul. No. 52, 
U.S: Nat: Mus. ~~ ' 

Fracker, S. B., 1917. “The Classification of Lepidopterous Larvae,” 
in Ill. Bio. Mon., II, No. 1, page 85. 

Grote, A. R., 1878. “Note on Hamadryas;’ in Canadian Ento- 
mologist, X, pages 67-60. 

Krne, G. B., 1809. “Cont. to the Knowledge of Mass. Coccidae,” in 
Canadian Ent., XX XI, pages 139-143. 

Lawson, P. B., 1917. “The Coccidae of Kansas,” in Bulletin of U. of 
Kans. Biol. Series, XVIII, No. 1, page 185. 

Packard, A. S., 1890a. “Ins. Inj. to Forest and Shade Trees,” in 
Fifth Rpt. of U. S. Ent. Com., page too. 

Packarp, A. S., 1890b, do., page 220. 


100 - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. > AL Ape 9 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. 


A—dorsal view of three larvae of Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens) 
(about x3) | 

B—dorso-lateral and ventral views of three euclemensid pupae (about 
x3) 

C—dorsal view of imago with wings expanded (about x3), showing 
the relative and comparative sizes of the wings and the broad 
fringe of cilia. 


D—lateral view of Kermes pettiti Ehrh. (about x14), showing oval exit | 


hole of Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens). The upper half of 


this Kermes was pecked away by woodpeckers, leaving the cov-. 


ered “U-shaped” retreat shown in Fig. E. 


__E—-Kermes pettiti Ehrh. (about x1) in situ on an oak twig; dorsal 


view of Kermes shown in Fig. D, showing the covered “U- 

shaped” retreat of a larva of this euclemensid parasite. 
F—ageregation of three infested and one apparently uninfested 

Kermes (ahout x10), showing: (c) the silken coverings over 


exit holes and made by the larvae of Euclemensia bassettella 


(Clemens) but broken by the emergence of the adults; (m) an 
adult moth in the act of emerging from her Kermes host. How- 
ever, this particular one died in the larval retreat, due to the 
fact that the larva had not cut a large enough exit hole through 
the body-wall of the host for the imago to escape from. 

H—Kermes pettiti Ehrh. (about x1), showing: (a) group of specimens 
in Fig. F; and (b) a normal uninfested Kermes. 


=<er 


A new Species of Copaeodes (Lep.). 


By HENRY SKINNER. 


Copaeodes chromis n. sp. 

Color of all wings deep chrome. Primaries have a brown border 
2 mm. wide, which extends from near the middle of the costa to the 
middle of the inner margin. The stigma is a narrow line at the end of 
the discoidal and it runs parallel to the outer margin. 

The secondaries have the costal margin brown. a 

Undersides same color as above and immaculate except for a small 
brown spot at the base of the primaries. 

Head, thorax and abdomen deep chrome. Expanse 25 mm. 


Described from one male (?) specimen from Colima,, Mex- 
ico. : 
Type in the collection of The Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia.. It resembles procris but the primary wings 
are more rounded and procris does not have bordered wings. 


Vol. xxx} ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS: tol 


A Resurrected Paper on Mosquitos and Malaria 
(Diptera). 
By Harry B. Wetss, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 


Mr. George A. Osborn, Librarian of Rutgers College, re- 
cently called my attention to a paper entitled ““The Mission of 
the Mosquito” by J. Suydam Knox, which appeared in Vol. I, 
1873, of “Our Home, a Monthly Magazine of Original Articles, 
Historical, Biographical, Scientific and Miscellaneous,” mostly 
by Somerset and Hunterdon County (New Jersey) writers on 
subjects largely pertaining to these counties, edited by A. V. D. 
Honeyman, attorney-at-law, Somerville, New Jersey. 

_ Mr. Knox starts out by quoting Josh Billings on the mosquito 

and describes at length its method of securing a meal. He also 
states that during the summer of '67, while resident surgeon 
of one of the hospitals of the city of B., he determined to 
investigate the mission of the mosquito. Vast numbers of 
specimens were caught, their heads separated and macerated in 
alcohol. 

“The tincture was then strained, boiled, filtered and set aside to cool. 
Slowly small white crystals formed on the bottom. They were evap- 
orated to dryness and examined. Eureka, the question was solved. 
They were isomeric with quinine. Their chemical composition was the 
same, C 30 H 12 N O.2. They presented the same fluorescent appear- 
ance when dissolved in water. The same reaction occurred in chlorine 
and ammonia. The sole difference was their influence on polarized 
light, producing deviation of the plane to the right instead of the left. 
The mission was found. The question of ages was answered. The 
mosquito carried in its sting the antidote to malaria.” 


After remarking upon the presence of mosquitos in districts 
where fever and ague prevailed, the results of further experi- 
ments are given as follows: 


1. Blood was drawn from the arm of a patient and examined: a 
mere trace of quinine was found. Said patient was bribed to expose - 
himself to mosquitos and then bled. Abundance of. quinidia was found 
in the vital fluid. 

2. Three patients, suffering from ague, were selected and placed in 
separate rooms. One was given a solution of quinine and rigidly ex- 
cluded from mosquitos. The second received a solution of morphia, 
and was also excluded from the insects. The third received a similar 


102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Apr.,’19 


solution of morphia at night to induce sleep, and was freely bitten. 
The first and third recovered. The second still had ague. Here in 
the first case quinine cured as was expected. Of the other two, who 
took only morphine, he alone was cured who was freely inoculated 
with the virus of the mosquito. 

3. With much care, sufficient of the chrystals of quinidia were ob- 
tained to make a saturated solution for experiment. And among the 
many ague patients of the hospital, twelve were chosen as near alike as 
possible in age, constitution and violence of disease. Six were treated 
with hypodermic injections of the solution of the virus’ and six with 
similar ones of solution of quinine. All twelve recovered. But those 
injected with the virus of the mosquito got well in one-third less time 
than the remaining six. 


In “The Mosquitos of North and Central America and the 
West Indies” by Howard, Dyar and Knab, Vol. I, p. 188, under 
“Early Ideas,” appears a statement, by Dr. Samuel W. Francis 
from his paper entitled “Curious Facts Concerning Man and 
Nature with a Few Practical Suggestions on Other Subjects,” 
1874, to the effect that in a previous work of his entitled “Life 
and Death,” p. 210, Mar., 1871, mention is made that 

“The time will come when it will be publicly acknowledged that the 
little fluid they (the mosquitos) inject into your blood contains certain 
specific properties for different diseases. To prove that I am right, 


let any skillful chemist test the powerful drop contained in a mosquito’s 
sack and he will find many of the properties of Quinine.” 


The statements of both Knox and Francis are curious in- 
stances of a conclusion diametrically opposed to the right one 
having been drawn from practically the same premises. 

In the “History of Hunterdon and Somerset Counties, N. J.,” 
compiled by J. P. Snell, 1881, the following brief biographical 
aecount of J. Suydam Knox is given: 

Born July 26, 1840, graduate of College of New Jersey, 1860; of 
Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y. City, 1866; City Hospital, Brooklyn, 
1868; practiced in Somerville, N. J., from 1866 to 1873 when he re- 


moved to Chicago, and became lecturer and clinical professor in Rush 
Medical College. 


—_— 


Change of Address. 

I am giving up my position as Curator of the Barnes Collection 
to accept a post in the Entomological Branch of the Department of 
Agriculture at Ottawa, Ontario. I expect to commence my new duties 
April tst—-J. McDUNNoUGH. 


4 
: 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 103 


Two Species of Phylloxera from California 
(Hemiptera; Aphidae). 
By G. F. Ferris, Stanford University, California. 


The western portion of the United States appears to be very 
poorly supplied with species of Phylloxera. Aside from the 
notorious pest of the vine there appear to be but two species 
known from California, Davidson having recorded P. popularia 
Pergande from poplars and P. salicola Pergande from willow. 
I am here describing an apparently new species from oak, per- 
haps the first to be recorded from oak west of Missouri, and 
am presenting some notes upon one of the other species. 
Phylloxera stanfordiana n sp. (Text figs. PB, D.) 

In life. Occurring upon the twigs of the host, concealed be- 
neath any chance covering, especially numerous under the 
twig-encircling egg masses of a moth, (possibly Malacosoma 
disstria.) Entirely destitute of any secretionary covering; of 
a light yellow color. 

Apterous female. Length (flattened on slide) .75 mm. Shape some- 
what pyriform. Dorsum entirely destitute of pores, bearing a few 
very minute spines, of which those on the head are borne upon slight 
prominences. Derm minutely roughened in the cephalic region, else- 
where quite smooth. Beak reaching somewhat beyond the posterior 
legs, five-segmented. Antennae with the third segment somewhat 
longer than the other two combined and rather prominently annulated ; 
sensoria, if present at all, borne at the extreme tip of the third segment. 
Abdominal spiracles apparently lacking. 

Type host and locality. From Quercus douglasii, on the 
campus of Stanford University, California; Sept. 10, 1918. 
Collected by the author. Holotype and paratypes in the Stan- 
ford collection. 

Notes. This probably belongs to the group of P. rileyi and 
P. querceti, but the almost obsolete dorsal tubercles and the 
absence of a conspicuous sensorium on the third antennal seg-- 
ment separate it at once. Attention should be called to the ap- 
parent absence of abdominal spiracles. I find the same condi- 
tion in specimens of what I take to be P. rileyi and in the 
species later to be discussed in this paper as P. salicola. In P. 
vastatrix the abdominal spiracles are certainly present. 


104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Apr., 19 


Phylloxera salicola Perg.? (Text figs. A, C.) 
1904. Phylloxera salicola Pergande, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., Vol. 
9, pp. 267-69, pl. X XI, figs. 161-168. ; 
1015. Phylloxera salicola Perg.; Davidson, Jn. Ec. Ent., Vol. 8, p. 
419, pl. 25. : 
In life. Exposed upon the bark of the host, chiefly on the 
smaller twigs. Entirely covered with wooly, white secretion. 


Apterous female. Length (flattened on slide) .o mm. or less. Shape 
regularly oval, slightly more pointed posteriorly. Dorsum with numer- 
ous areas of pores, these arranged in three more or less definite, longi- 
tudinal rows. Each cluster of pores is grouped around a small spine, 


A, C.—Phylloxera salicola Pergande (?); apterous female and antenna of same. Speci- 
men from Pojulus trichocarpa. 

B, D.—Phylloxera stanfordiana n.sp.; apterous female and antenna of same. All figures 
drawn to same scale. 


the clusters on the head being largest, the others becoming progress- 
ively smaller posteriorly. Derm otherwise smooth, not at all roughened 
or beset with fine points. Last two segments each with a small, trans- 
verse, chitinized area. Ventrally there is a small cluster of pores 
behind each of the first pair of spiracles. Antennae short, the third 
segment about as long as the other two combined, annulations few and 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 105 


very faint, extreme tip apparently with a small sensorium. Beak 
reaching somewhat beyond the posterior legs, eight-segmented. Ab- 
dominal spiracles apparently lacking. 


Hosts. From Populus trichocarpa and Salix sp., San Fran- 
cisquito Creek, near Stanford University, California, and from 
Populus candicans, Salt Lake City, Utah, (R. W. Doane, coll.). 

Notes. I am inclined to regard it as somewhat doubtful that 
this is really P. salicola Perg. The original description lacks 
definiteness in regard to the most important details and the 
figure is somewhat impressionistic but it is obvious that the 
species at hand is at least close to salicola. It certainly is not 
P. popularia Pergande as the latter is described and ‘figured 
as having the dorsum thickly beset with minute points. The 
description and figures here presented, will, it is hoped, aid 
in clearing the matter up. 

I am entirely unable to separate the specimens found on > 
poplar from those found on willow, the only visible difference 
being that the abdominal groups of pores are perhaps a trifle 
larger in the specimens from the latter host. In the specimens 
from poplar in Utah, this difference is quite noticeable, the 
number of pores in all the groups being much reduced, some 
of those toward the posterior end of the abdomen being en- 
tirely lacking. 

It may be noted that the above descriptions are based upon 
carefully stained material. 


ails 


The Naiad of the Odonate Genus Coryphaeschna. 


By Crarence Hamitton KeNNeEpy, North Carolina State 
College, West Raleigh, North Carolina. 


Recently while examining Mr. Brimley’s collection of in- 
teresting southern Odonata the writer was shown among other 
immature specimens the largest aeshnine naiad* he had ever . 
-seen—a regular behemoth of a naiad, Mr. Brimley believed 


i®See Comstock. ‘Ano. Ent. Soe. Amer., 1018, vol. XI, pp. 222- -224. 
I have adopted Prof. Comstock’s term for the immature state of the 
_ Odonata. It is a most happy term for distinguishing the immature 
stages of the aquatic orders. 


106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Apr., 19 


it to be Coryphaeschna ingens, but very kindly suggested that 
the writer try to identify it more definitely and describe it. 
This specimen was taken by Mr. Brimley, May 26, 1908, at 
Lake Ellis, Craven County, which is in the lowlands of south- 
eastern North Carolina. It was found on the shores of the 
lake and had died in the act of emergence, for the skin had 


Coryphaeschna ingens naiad. 


Fig’ 1.—Dorsal view, natural size. 

Fig. 2.—Lateral view of appendages. 

Fig. 3.—Lateral view of prothorax showing the lateral process of the middle 

lobe and the supracoxal processes. 

split and the thorax protruded in a large hump, but no part of 
the imago had been withdrawn from the naidal skin. The 
genus was determined by removing a wing pad and boiling the 
crumpled wing in caustic potash while the species was checked 
by elimination as no other species in the genus has been re- 


Ce Os ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 107 


corded so far north, and by the shape of the appendages which 
were fully expanded within the abdominal skin, as good for- 
tune had let this be a male. The following is the descrip- 
tion: 


Total length 65 mm., abdomen 44 mm., hind femur 8 mm.;-width of 
abdomen 10 mm. 

Body elongate, slender, smooth; a narrow sharply defined stripe 
down the middorsal line of the abdomen, a lateral stripe twice the 
width of the dorsal stripe above each lateral keel; legs probably ob- 
scurely banded in life. 

Head slightly concave behind, its posterior margin being a thin edge; 
the hind angles are almost right angles, obtuse but well defined and 
not rounded, neither do they carry any spines or other armature; sides 
of head straight, diverging cephalad slightly, three-fifths as long as the 
eve. The labium is missing, but from the very flat under surface of 
the head it is wide anteriorly and from the shape of the submentum 
extends at least posterior to the first coxae. Antennae seven-jointed, 
minute. 

Prothorax with the median lobe terminating laterally in a prominent, 
obtusely rounded point which is larger than either supracoxal process; 
posterior supracoxal process more than twice the size of the anterior 
one, its point rounded. In life probably the hind wing pads extend 
to the apex of abdominal segment 3... The legs are noticeably small 
for so large a naiad because when these are extended the claws of the 
hind leg reach only to the middle of segment 5. 

Abdomen widest at segments 5-7, whence it tapers regularly 
cephalad to segment I, which is two-thirds as wide, and caudad to 
segment 10, which is one-half as wide. Segment 10 is one-half as long 
as either segment 5 or segment 6. There are lateral spines on seg- 
ments 6-9, but all are small, slender and acute, those’on segment 6 
being minute and easily overlooked. The superior appendage and 
ventral paired appendages are equal in length and two and one-third 
times as long as segment 10. The dorsal paired appendages are sub- 
equal to the others and very slender. The superior appendage is slen- 
der, widely cleft at the apex and has a single, dorsal tubercle directed 
caudad placed at one-third of the distance from base to apex. 


_ This naiad resembles those of the genus Aeshna in the ma- | 
jority of its characters, especially in having lateral spines on 
segments 6-9 and in having a single tubercle on the superior 
appendage of the male. It differs from the known naiads of 
_ the North American Aeshnas in having the dorsal paired ap- 
pendages with their length scarcely less than that of the others 


108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Apr.,’19 


and in having the posterior angle of the head thin-edged and 
more angulate than in any described Aeshna. It differs from : 
Anax in the small eye, the angulate head and in having, in this 
male skin, but a single tubercle on the superior appendage 
where there is a pair in the latter. It differs from Boyeria, 
Nasiaeschna, Basiaeschna and Epiaeschna in having the ap- 
pendages all of approximately equal length. 

The specimen described has been deposited in the Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pa. 


Descriptions of New Species of Coleophora (Micro- 
lepidoptera). 
By ANNETTE F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


The following paper contains descriptions of a number of 
species of Coleophora reared by the writer. Of these here 
described, one, C. viburniella Clemens, was previously named 
from case and larva. C. cretaticostella Clemens was described 
from flown specimens, without knowledge of the life history. 
The remaining five are described as new. As far as the writer 
can determine from comparison with published descriptions of 
species taken only in the imaginal state, none of these has 
been described before. It has not been possible to make a 
comparison with types. In connection with the matter of types, 
it may be well to call attention to some remarkable statements 
of Chambers made in “Correspondence” with the Canadian 
Entomologist (Vol. IX, pp. 38-40). Here, after remarking 
that he seldom took the trouble to pin and spread common 
species at all, Chambers makes this statement: “But a few 
years ago I began to make a collection to be preserved as types 
of all my species. These were all pinned and spread. Un- 
fortunately, during my absence in Colorado, the greater part 
of this collection was destroyed. One or more specimens of 
the greater number of species were fortunately preserved, and 
most of the other species can be supplied. This collection is 
now in the Cambridge Museum. It contains types—pinned and 
spread—of something over 200 species.” It may well be 


rey a ae eee oT eae Poe Stes SS ee ee ae ct «®t 


Pe ae i ekay Sere Se ee Odie.) ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 109 


doubted whether in a genus such as Coleophora, where the 
species require such careful discrimination, Chambers’ types 
always represent the actual species described. Only where the 
type is in the best condition of preservation, could most species 
be determined with certainty. It is not, therefore, in my opin- 
ion, advisable to withhold from publication descriptions of 
species whose life history is known, because the certainty of 


_ future easy determination of such species will far outweigh 


any disadvantage occasioned by the possible creation of 
synonyms. 
Coleophora apicella n. sp. 

Head shining brassy; palpi simple; basal four-fifths of the antennae 
black slightly thickened with scales, apical fifth silvery white, with 
each segment marked beneath with a minute black spot. Thorax 
brassy. . Fore wings lustrous brassy at the extreme base, shading out- 
wardly into reddish bronze or deep blue according to the light. Hind 
wings, legs and abdomen dark brown, with a slight brassy lustre. 
Expanse: 9.5-II mm. 

Locality: Cincinnati, Ohio. Type (2) and paratypes (two 
males, seven females) in the writer’s collection. 

The larval cases are found on the lower side of the rosette 
leaves of the fire pink (Silene virginica L.). The summer case, 
which is spun entirely of grayish silk, is cylindrical, three- 
valved at apex, with mouth scarcely or not at all deflexed. 
This case is gradually enlarged during the summer, but retains 
its general shape until the following spring, when the larva 
resumes feeding on the overwintering leaves. In the forma- 
tion of the mature case, the overwintering case is split open 
and may be distinguished as a darker gray patch occupying 
about one-half the dorsal surface of the completed case. The 
mature case is cylindrical, 7 to 9 mm. long, with slightly de- 


flexed mouth, the silk between the mouth and the old part of 


the case roughened and wrinkled transversely ; it tapers some- 
what posteriorly, flaring again to form the conspicuously three- 
valved apex. The larvae feed until about the middle of May; 
imagos, May 31 to June Io. . 

The moth is distinguished from the other bronzy metallic 
species by the silvery apical fifth of the antennae. 


110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Apr., 19 


Coleophora viburniella Clemens. 

Coleophora viburniella Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., I, 79, 1861; 
Tin. No. Am., 167, 1872. 

This species was originally named from larva and case; the 
characteristic case described by Clements renders its recogni- 
tion certain. Three cases with larvae feeding on black haw 
(Viburnum prunifolium L.) were collected August 27, in 
Clermont County, Ohio. From these one moth was reared, 


emerging May 30 of the following year. The description of 
the imago follows. 


Head white, slightly tinged with yellow; palpi white with a little 
fuscous on the under side. Antennae with the basal segment enlarged 
with a yellowish white tuft projecting in front and a little at apex; 
stalk white, annulate with dark brown. 


Thorax and base of fore wings whitish. The wings shade into straw 
color, which becomes deeper toward apex and slightly coppery-tinged. 
Hind wings grayish, toward the apex becoming concolorous with the 
fore wings. Legs white. Abdomen white beneath, grayish yellow 
above and fuscous along the mid-dorsal line. Expanse: 11.5 mm. 

Three cases are cut from the leaf ; the first cut from a mine in 
the middle of the leaf, the second and third from the margin of 
the leaf. Before forming the second case, the first is attached 
at the margin of the leaf, from which the larva mines into the 
leaf, and then cuts out a triangular piece of leaf, of which the 
angle projecting into the leaf forms the mouth, the other angles 
of the triangle at the leaf margins forming the projections 
“near the hinder end above and below” of which Clemens 
speaks. The third case is formed likewise by the addition of 
a triangular piece of mined leaf, similarly cut. Here, however, 
the second case is attached very near the long very oblique 
cut which forms the lower edge of the case. The upper edge 
of the case is formed of a shorter slightly oblique cut and the 
serrated margin of the leaf (the two remaining sides of the 
triangle) ; the resulting pointed flat projection constituting the 
‘flatteried wing-like appendage.” The surface of the case is 
doubly convex in a line from mouth to apex, the projections 
on each side remaining flat. Length of case 10 mm.; height of 
wing-like appendage above the case 2.5 mm. 

When collected, the larvae were in process of constructing 
the last case, and continued to feed for about six weeks. 


————— 


eae ea a 
. a : 


oe or wees. ae ye 


Te 


RE Se pe ee ee oe a ee ee ee ee ee ee eee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. III 


Coleophora cretaticostella Clemens. 

Coleophora cretaticostella Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1860, 
5; Tin. No. Am., 89, 1872; Chambers, Can. Ent., VII, 124, 1875; 
X, 112, 1878; Busck, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., V, 192, 1903. 

I have eleven specimens reared on blackberry, two captured speci- 
mens from Cincinnati and one captured specimen from Bedford, 
Massachusetts, which I refer to this species. The general ground color 
is a shining ocherous, deepest in the apex and along the border of the 
broad white costal streak, becoming much paler, and in worn specimens 
whitish toward the dorsal margin. It is only somewhat worn speci- 
mens which show the streaking with ocherous, really due to the slight 
abrasion of the surface along the veins. The scales thickening the 
basal segment of the antennae form, in perfect specimens, a tuft pro- 
jecting not only in front but for the length of two segments at the 
apex. 

The cases are found on the under side of leaves of black- 
berry, the larvae mining into the leaves during late summer 
and fall, and in the spring feeding on the young leaves which 
they skeletonize in irregular patches. Four cases are cut 
from the mined leaf, of which the third and fourth show on 
the dorsal edge the serrations of the margin of the leaf. 
Usually a portion of the earliest case and often part of the 
second are lost before the fourth piece of leaf is added. In cut- 
ting this last portion of the case, the preceding case is attached 
on the under side of the leaf near the margin so that when 
first constructed, this portion of the completed case is not in 
a line with the earlier portion. The larva winters in this case, 
which is at this time flattened, with the separate leaf frag- 
ments of which it is constructed easily distinguishable, and 
shows the leaf serrations along its upper edge; the lower edge 
is undulating with a distinct projection marking the hind end of 
the last leaf fragment. The case becomes much worn during 
the winter, and where the larvae winter on the food plant in 
the open, the serrations on the dorsal edge, and often much of 
the leaf covering of the case are worn off. In the spring the 
case is rounded out, further strengthened with silk which may 
partially cover the worn leaf surfaces, so that the mature case 
often bears slight resemblance to the case of the fall before. 
This case is evenly curved backward on its dorsal surface; on 


{72 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | Apr., ’19 


the under surface there is a slight hump about two-thirds from 
the mouth, behind which the case narrows abruptly to the 
rather pointed two-valved apex. 

The moths appear from May 30 to June 10; the Massa- 


chusetts specimen is dated June 20. 
(To be continued. ) 


An Aberration of Polygonia progne (Lepid.). 


By LAURENCE V. COLEMAN, Jamaica Plains, Boston, Massa- 
chusetts. 


Polygonia progne, ab. nov. martineae. 

Expanse—54 millimeters. 

Upper Side—Primaries have the usual ferruginous marginal band 
and submarginal patch at the inner angle suffused, forming a broad 
marginal band of ferruginous, dusted along the margin with greyish 


Polygonia progne, aber. nov. martineae. 


lilac scales which are most numerous near the apex and at the inner 
angle. Within the ferruginous border is a narrow irregular band 
extending the entire width of the wing. Its anterior third is pale 
yellow, which shades posteriorly into the fulvous ground color of the 
normal form. The discal area of the wing is occupied by a large, 
subtriangular, rich ferruginous patch, extending from the costa almost 


2 Zacgielond 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 113 


to the inner margin. Its inner boundary forms an obtuse angle, while 
its emarginate outer edge encroaches deeply upon the narrow fulvous 
band where it is crossed by the two branches of the cubitus vein. The 
basal area is of the typical fulvous ground color, which also extends 
narrowly along the inner margin of the wing to join the fulvous sub- 
marginal band. The center of the discal cell is marked by the two 
usual spots. The costa is concolorous with the broad marginal band. 
Secondaries are of a rich ferruginous color shading into well defined 
greyish lilac along the costal and outer margins and on the tail. The 
fulvous basal area and submarginal band of the primaries are continued 
faintly on the secondaries. The dark color between these bars gives 
the wings a general appearance of being crossed by a single dark band 
on a slightly lighter field. _ 

Under Side—-The pattern and colors are essentially normal except in 
a few minor respects. Primaries have the contrast between light and 
dark areas less marked than normally, and the entire pattern is some- 
what dulled. The usual dark band along the posterior two-thirds of 
the outer margin is widened, and the greenish metallic crescents along 
the inner border of this band are enlarged. Secondaries show much 
less contrast between light and dark areas than do the primaries, but 
more than do the normal secondaries. The greenish crescents, tho 
indistinct, are present, and are spaced from the margin to correspond 
with those in the primaries. The abnormally heavy silver mark is 
striking. Its vertical limb is 0.5 mm. wide, while its horizontal one 
tapers from the same width to a point. Each limb is 1.7 mm. long. 


Type—Catalog No. 5500. Peabody Museum, Yale Univer- 
sity. Bf 3 

One female without data. The specimen was probably cap- 
tured in Connecticut, for it was pinned with miscellaneous 
material from that locality. 


—— 


“Seventeen Year Grasshoppers.” 

It is predicted that we are to have the 17-year locusts this summer. 
This brood of insects have been lying 15 or 20 feet under ground for 
the past 17 years and now their long sleep is about to end, and when 
the spring is full on its way the air will resound with their music. 
This insect is popularly supposed to be a locust, but it is not so. It 
is a grasshopper, the same that riddled Kansas and other green spots 
years ago. These interesting insects emerge from the ground at the 
same moment, betake themselves to trees and ferns, raise their fami- 
_lies in a few weeks of aviation and song, then drop to earth, reoccupy: 
their old haunts and resume their slumber for another 17-year period. 
While mingling with terrestrial scenes they eat up everything they 
can lay their mouths to and at the same time enjoying a delightful 
cabaret with their feasting. Of course these grasshoppers will wear 
a big W on their wings, which always means war. But this a new 
age and the choir may not appear.”’— Vewspaper. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, IQI9Q. 


Swat the Fly Versus Starve the Brute. 

This is the time of year when we think of many problems in 
relation to domestic animals and plants. There is a renewed 
effort to increase the egg-laying capacity of the domestic hen 
and to decrease the activity of the cootie. The house-fly is a 
domesticated animal and many so-called sanitarians are wag- 
ing a war on this dipteron on account of its disease-transmit- 
ting proclivities. The cry has been taken up to “swat the fly,” 
and so far as we know the word “swat” was coined by a 
Kansan who used the term to sell illustrated postal cards. The 
numbers of Musca domestica in a community form a rather 
exact index of the amount of fermenting and decomposing 
vegetable and animal maiter that has become derelict and mis- 
placed, and if one pair of flies, barring accident, will produce 
billions of progeny in a single season, their early stages would 
eat millions of pounds, or thousands of tons, of filth. It is 
quite possible that this material is a distinct menace to health 
and man should do his own scavenger work and not shove it 
-on to the proboscis of the poor fly. Buzzards and vultures 
would not be tolerated and protected as scavengers if they 
came into our houses and visited the cream pitcher and the 
butter plate. It is time for our sanitarians to get busy, have 
all filth removed from cities once a week and starve the fly, 
and then there would be more time to study the nidification 
of the hen. The fly swatter could also be relegated to the 
museum as a curiosity HENRY SKINNER. 


42> 
—<or 


Crabro montanus Cresson. (Hym.). 


Strand, in Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1916, p. 98, points out that 
Crabro montanus Cresson, 1865, is a homonym of C. montanus Gistel 
1857, and proposes for Cresson’s species the new name montivagans. 
It is hard to understand why he did not at least look in Dalla Torre’s 
catalogue, where he would have found the available name Crabro 
cristatus Packard. In our modern nomenclature, the species will be 
- Solenius cristatus—T. D. A. CocKErELL, Boulder, Colorado. 


114 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 115 


Capture-of Ants by Gummy Exudations (Hym.). 

A number of years ago I observed that certain ants (Myrmica brevi- 
nodis) were attracted by the gummy exudations of broken sunflower 
“stems and, attempting to eat the sticky juice, were snared and finally 
perished. A specimen showing this was figured and discussed by 
Wheeler in Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXII, p. 417. I then sur- 
mised that the ants being essentially boreal and the sunflowers austral, 
there was maladjustment where the ranges overlapped, owing to the 
relatively short time since the organisms occupied the same area. 
Dr. Wheeler was skeptical, and a new case which has just come to 
hand can hardly be explained in the manner suggested, since both 
types concerned are characteristic of the arid plains. Mr. E. Bethel 
sends a specimen of the plant Lygodesmia juncea, collected at Denver, 
on which are several workers of Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, with 
their mandibles firmly fixed in the yellow gum. The gum exudes 
freely from the plants and the ants are caught and die, quite unable 
to escape. Mr. Bethel assures me that many ants are killed in this 
way.—T. D. A. CocKEreELL, Boulder, Colorado. 


2 
e 


Entomological Literature. 
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 


Under. the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
tomology of the Americas (North and South). including Arachnida and 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- 
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species. will be recorded. 

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. 

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 
first installments. 

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the 
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title, 
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at 
end of title, within brackets. 

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Fn- 
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- 
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 


4—-Canadian Entomologist, London, Can. 6—Journal of the 
New York Entomological Society. 8—The Entomologist’s Month- 
ly Magazine, London. 9—The Entomologist, London. 10—Pro- 
ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 11— 
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 12—Journal 
~ of Economic Entomology, Concord, N. H. 17%7—Lepidoptera, Bos- 
ton, Mass. 19—Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 
23—-Bolletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria, 
Portici, Italy. 54—Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash- 
ington, D. C. 68—Science, Lancaster, Pa. 69—Comptes Rendus, 
des Seances de l’Academie des Sciences, Paris. 79—Bulletin of 


116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Apr., 19 


the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 82—The Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus. 83— 
Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society, Edinburgh. 84—Bole- 
tin de la Sociedad Aragonesa de Ciencias Naturales, Zaragoza. 
85—The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 86—-The 
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London. 8%7—Arkiv 
for Zoologi, K. svenska vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm. 88— 
Occasional Papers of the Museum of 7 OTORY, University of Michi- 
gan, Ann Arbor. 


GENERAL. Ball, E. 1 SENtSinic entomology—its founda- 
tions and future. 12, xii, 24-35. Foa, A.—L’epitelio dell’intestino 
medio nel baco da seta sano e in quello malato di flaccidezza. 28, 
xii, 217-44. Gibson, E. H.—Relation of the systematist to the eco- 
nomic worker. 19, xiv, 1-3. Giulio, C.—Osservazion sull’influenza 
della tiroide sullo sviluppo degli insetti (Atti. Reale Ac. d. Lincei, 
1918, 376-9). Hampson, G. F.—Systematic papers published in the 
German language. 68, xlix, 193. Johnson, C. W.—Insect collec- 
tions of a museum. (Museum Work, Am. Assoc. Mus., Providence, 
R. I., i, 154-8.) Leng, C. W.—History of the New York Entomo- 
logical Society, 1893-1918. 6, xxvi, 129-33. Longinos Navas, R. P. 
—Insectos Chilenos. 84, xvii, 212-230. Nicholson, C.—Sugaring. 
9, 1919, 43. Slosson, A. T..--Reminiscences of the early days of the 
New York entomological society. 6, xxvi, 134-7. Torre Bueno, 
J. R—The far flung field of entomology. 19, xiv, 24. 


PHYSIOLOGY, GENETICS, ETC. Castle, W. E.—Is the ar- 
rangement of the genes in the chromosome linear? The linkage 
system of 8 sex-linked characters of Drosophila virilis. (Proce. 
Nat. Ac. Sci. of U. S., v, 25- 36.) 


MEDICAL. Hutchison & Pierce—Studies on the dry cleaning 
process as a means of destroying body lice. 10, xxi, 8-20. Pierce, 
W. D.—Some new phases of the entomology of disease, hygiene 
and sanitation brought about by the great war. 12, xii, 42-9. 


ARACHNIDA AND MYRIAPODA. Barrows, W. M.—Taxo- 
nomic position of Mysmena bulbifera (Glenognatha bulbifera) with 
some observations on its habits. 82, xix, 210-12. 


NEUROPTERA. Williamson, E. B.—Archaeogomphus, a new 
genus of dragon-flies [from Colombia]. 88, No. 63. 


ORTHOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.—Pa!lmodes praetans and its 
prey. 10, xxi, 40. Pantel, J—La calcium dans la physiologie nor- 
male des Phasmides: oeuf larve eclosante. 69, clxi, 127-9. 


Davis, W. T.—A new Stagmomantis from Florida. 19, xiv, 4-7. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 117 


HEMIPTERA. Baker, A. C.—Identity of Smynthurodes betae. 
10, xxi, 36-8. Muir, F—Some new [neotropical] American Delpha- 
cidae. 4, 1919, 35-9. 


Davis, W. T.—Mississippi cicadas, with a key to the species of 
the southeastern U. S. [1 new]. 6, xxvi, 141-55. Knight, H. H.— 
Male of Lygus univittatus with the description of a new Lygus. 
19, xiv ,21-2. McAtee, W. L.—Note on nearctic Heteroptera [2 
new}. 19, xiv, 8-16. 


LEPIDOPTERA. Ehrmann, G. A.—New tropical American 
Papilios. 17, iii, 10-11 (cont.). Forbes, W. T. M.—Guenee’s Her- 
minidae revived. 6, xxvi, 224-5. Kaye, W. J—New South Ameri- 
can butterflies. 11, iii, 215-18. Prout, L. B—New and insufficiently 
known moths in the Joicey collection [some neotropical]. 11, iii, 
165-90. Unzicker, R—Notes on Basilarchia astyanax var. albofas- 
Ciata. 17, iii, 9-10. 


Franck, G.—Papilio cresphontes, var, maxwelli, nov. 19, xiv, 3. 


DIPTERA. Bezzi, M.—Ulteriori notizie sul gen. Himantostoma 
Lw. 23, xii, 272-4. Brues, C. T.—The Phoridae of Grenada. 79, 
Ixii, 499-506. Edwards, F. W.—Some parthenogenetic Chironomi- 
dae. 11, iii, 222-8. Keilin, D—On the structure of the larvae and 
the systematic position of the genera Mycetobia, Dityomyia, Sym- 
merus. 11, iii, 33-42. Riley, W. A—Occurrence of Drosophila 
larvae and puparia in bottled milk. 12, xii, 41. Stark, M. B—An 
hereditary tumor. 85, xxvii, 509-22. Townsend, C. H. T.—Note 
on Leskiine synonymy. 10, xxi, 20. Wallis, E. F—The “singing” of 
Syrphus ribesii while at rest. 8, 1919, 33. 


Johnson, C. W.—North American D. described by Nils S. Swe- 
derus [i n. name]. 4, 1919, 32. Malloch, J. R.—One new genus 
and two n. sps. of Anthomyiidae from the vicinity of Washington, 
D. C. 54, xxxii, 1-4. 


COLEOPTERA, Aurivillus, C—Neue oder wenig bekannte C. 
longicornia [some neotropical]. 87, x, 335-60. Blatchley, W. S.— 
Home of Hormops and its proper position among other Rhyncho- 
phora. 6, xxvi, 155-61. Burke, H. E—Biological notes on some 
flat-headed bark borers of the genus Melanophila. 12, xii, 105-8. 
Claycomb, G. B.—Notes on the habits of heterocerous beetles. 4, 
1919, 25. Hayes, W. P.—Life-cycle of Lachnosterna lanceolata. 
12, xii, 109-117. Huie, L. H— The bionomics of the tiger beetle 
(Cicindela campestris). §3, xx, 1-11. Munro, J. W.—The genus 
Hylastes, and its importance in forestry: a study in scolytid struc- 
ture and biology. 838, xx, 125-53. Nicolay, A. S.—A list of the 
Buprestidae and Cerambycidae taken on Long Island, N. Y. 19, 
xiv, 17-20 (cont.). Notman, H.—Boreaphilus, a genus of staphyli- 


118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, el Aa 10 


nid C. new to No. America [1 new]. 6, xxvi, 182-89. Razzauti, A. 
—Centributo alla conoscenza del tonchio de! faginolo (Acanthos- 
celides obtectus). 28, xii, 94-122. Sharp, D.—Studies in Rhyncho- 
phora. VI. “The New York weevil.” 6, xxvi, 215-18. 


Fall, H. C—New No. American species of Apion [7 new]. 6, 
xxvi, 218-23. Fisher, W. S.—Note on Macrobasis murina. A new 
gen. and sp. of Cerambycidae from Colorado. 10, xxi, 1-2; 38-40. 
Leng, C. W.—A new race of Cicindela, with notes on other races 
and species. Notes on some changes in the list of C. 6, xxvi, 138- 
41; 201-11. Pierce, W. D.—Contribution to our knowledge of the 
weevils of the superfamily Curculionoidea [new gen. & families]. 
10, xxi, 21-36. Schaeffer, C—On some genera and species of the 
family Ostomidae [12 new]. Miscellaneous coleopterological notes 
and descriptions [4 new]. 6, xxvi, 190-201; 211-14. Van Dyke, 
E. C.—Review of the species of the coleopterous genus Silis, which 
are found in America, north of Mexico [7 new]. A new gen. and 
sp. of cave-dwelling carabidae from the U. S. 6, xxvi, 161-79; 
179-82. 

HYMENOPTERA. Bequaert, J.—Identity of Evania urbana, 
1908, and E. punctata, 1832. 19, xiv, 23. Cockerell, T. D. A.—De- 
scriptions and records of bees [some neotropical]. 11, ili, 118-25; 
191-98. Imms, A. D.—Observations on the insect parasites of some 
Coccidae. 86, Ixiii, 293-374. MacGillivray, A. D—Leucopelmonus 
confusus. 4, 1919, 33-5. 


Cockerell, T. D. A—[Four] new and little known American bees. 
4, 1919, 26-8. Gahan, A. B—A new gen. of chalcid-wasp belonging 
to the family Eulophidae [1 new sp.]. 10, xxi, 2-4. Rohwer, S. 
A.— Descriptions of 3 parasites of Agrilus angelicus. 10, xxi, 4-8. 
Roman, A.—Ichneumoniden aus West-Groenland [2 new]. 8%, 
x, No. 22. 


<> 
-Q>- 


Doings of Societies. 


Entomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. 


Meeting of November 21, 1918. Director Philip Laurent in the 
chair, ten persons present. The death of Mr. Erich Daecke, an Asso- 
ciate, was announced. 

Mr. Rehn called attention to the valuable work being done by C.D. 
Sherborn in establishing the dates of issue of many of the works of 
early authors which were issued in parts. 

Hymenoptera. Mr. Cresson exhibited a nest of small bees found 
in a dye-wood log from Tehuantepec, Central America. Mr. Rehn 


EE Le 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 119 


spoke of the work of Dr. Bequaert in the Belgian Congo, especially 

his Revision of the Vespidae from that region. The speaker called 

attention to the homely but expressive remarks regarding the 

x similarity in the different color phases existing in the wasps of widely 

_ separated genera. The peculiar structure observed at the base of the 

abdomen of some species, which Dr. Bequaert termed acarid cavities, 

was commented on by the speaker. 

s Lepidoptera. Mr. Laurent exhibited a series of 15 female speci- 
mens of Eurymus (Colias) philodice, collected at Mt. Airy, Philadel- 
phia, which showed great variation in the presence and absence of 
yellow scales in the black border of the anterior wings. Specimen 
No. 1 has the border entirely black without a yellow scale, while No. 15 

has nearly as much yellow as black—E. T. Cresson, Jr., Recorder. 


a 


Feldman Collecting Social. 


Meeting of December 18, 1918, at the residence of H. W. Wenzel, 
5614 Stewart St., Philadelphia. Nine members present, Mr. Ernest 
Baylis, of this city, and Mr. Edgar Vandermark, of Falls Church, Va., 
visitors. Pres. H. W. Wenzel in the chair. 

Coleoptera. Mr. Baylis exhibited some specimens he had collected, 
among the rare forms being: Toxotus cylindricollis. Say, Pocono 
Lake, Pennsylvania, VII-31, Acimacops thoracica Hald., Castle Rock, 
Pennsylvania, IV-16, and Buprestis ultramarina Say, Clementon, New 
Jersey, V-16. Dr. Castle exhibited a specimen of Platynus larvalis 
LeC: from Uniontown, Pennsylvania, IX-20, and an unnamed allied 
species from Port Columbia, Washington, VI-29-15; also a heavily 
marked race of Cicindela hirticollis Say from Kent Island, Maryland, 
VI-30. 

Diptera. Mr. Hornig exhibited spectmens illustrating life histories 
of nine species of local mosquitoes. 

Lepidoptera. Mr. Laurent exhibited a number of are col- 
lected by Mr. H. W. Wenzel, among which was a specimen of Plusia 
balluca Geyer from West Philadelphia, VIII-20. The speaker stated 
that this was one of the most beautiful as well as one of the rarest 
Plusias found locally. 


3 ‘The 31st annual meeting was held January 15, 1919, at the same 
_ place. Eleven members were present, Messrs. H. B. Kirk and Josef 
N. Knull, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, visitors; Pres. H. W. Wenzel 
in the chair. 

The President read his annual address, which was ordered to be in- 
corporated in the minutes. 
4 The present officers were re-elected to serve for 1919 and are as 
_ follows: President, H. W. Wenzel; Vice-President, Wm. S. Hunt- 


120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. . [| Apr.,’19 


ington; Treasurer, H. W. Wenzel; Secretary, Geo. M. Greene, and 
Assistant Secretary, J. Wagener Green. 

Coleoptera. Messrs. Kirk and Knull detailed some of their methods 
of rearing Cerambycidae in the state insectary. Mr. Hornig exhibited 
a specimen of Carabus nemoralis Mull. which he collected in German- 
town, Philadelphia, X-15-18. Dr. Castle exhibited from Uniontown, 
Pennsylvania, Scaphinotus viduus Dej., VII-10 to VIII-27, S. germari 
Chaud. VII-20 to VIII-25 and S. ridingsii Bland VII-10 to VIII-15. 
Mr. H. A. Wenzel spoke of sieving material collected from a swamp 
at Upper Darby, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, 1-5-19, and finding 
Dicera pugionata Germ. (previous records of which were beating 
alder in June and July) and D. lurida Fabr.; he was surprised to 
find them hibernating. 

Orthoptera. Mr. Huntington mentioned a man from Sewell, New 
Jersey, who .trapped roaches in his house by placing’a sponge soaked 
with vinegar, over which was spread sugar and grated onions, in a 
screen trap which was placed in a dark room and proved a great 
success, 

Diptera. Mr. Hornig said he had had a complaint from a house 
that many small flies were in the dining-room and found they were 
Drosophila in great numbers, but was unable to find the manner in 
which they bred.—Geo. 'M. Greene, Sec’y. 


Ohio Entomological Workers. 

The Annual State Meeting of Entomological Workers in Ohio Insti- 
tutions was held in the Botany and Zoology Building, Ohio State Uni- 
versity, Columbus, Ohio,.on Thursday, January 30, 1919. 

Brief addresses were made by Raymond C. Osburn, Head, Depart- 


ment of Zoology and Entomology, Ohio State University; H. A. Gos- 
sard, Entomologist, Experiment Station, and E. C. Cotton, Chief, 


Bureau of Horticulture. 

The following reports and papers were presented: H. A. Gossard, 
Timely Notes; Herbert Osborn, Further Notes on Meadow Insects; 
W. C. Kraatz, A Study of Scirtes tibialis Guer.; W. M. Barrows, 
Grassland Spiders, Stratification in Associations; Robert K. Fletcher, 
A few notes on the Miridae of Meadows and Pastures; D. C. Mote, 
Report on Anthelmintic Experiments; T. H. Parks, The Bioclimatic 
Law (Law of Altitude, Latitude and Longitude) as Applied to Hessian 
Fly Control in Ohio; Edna Mosher, Some Interesting Beetle Larvae; 
A. J. Basinger, Preliminary Studies in Ohio Tachinidae; C. H. Young, 
Notes on Tropisternus glaber (Herbst); R. C. Osburn, The Onion Fly, 
Eumerus strigatus, in Ohio; J. S. Hine, The University Entomological 
Collections; J. S. Houser, An Undeveloped Profession. 

J. S. Houser, Secretary. 


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Ent. News, Vol. XXX. Plate V1. 


FREDERIC DUCANE GODMAN. 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XXX. MAY, tg19. No. 5. 
CONTENTS: 

Obituary—F. D. Godman.............. 121 ee ne | Resur gens 
Weiss and Nicolay—Notes on Zeugo- OIC OR ie tad anled os Lick eos cake 144 
phora scutellaris Suffr., a European Wellhouse—An Itonid Feeding on Rust 

Poplar Leaf-miner, in N. J. (Col.). 124 Spores (Itonididae, Diptera)...... 144 
Braun—Descriptions of New Species e,, Entomological Literature ............. 145 
Coleophora ( Micro-lepidoptera).. Review—Comstock’s The Wings of In- 
Marchand—Collecting the Larvae ee BOON rs hd ios Ae cu diane y os ck eee 148 
Tabanus and Chrysops (Dip.)..... 131 | Doings of Societies—American. Ento- 
Aldrich—Leiomyza in North America mological Society.............. pee 150 

(Dipt., Drosophilidae)......... ... 137 Feldman Collecting Social (Coleop.) 150 
Gage—The Staining of Coccids(Hom.) 142 . ¢ 


Frederic DuCane Godman. 
(Portrait, Plate VI.) 

Dr. F. D. Godman, a founder and editor of the Biologia 

cE entrali-A mericana and a writer on butterflies, birds and other 
subjects in natural history, died February 19, 1919. 
- Two autobiographical notices of Dr. Godman have ‘been 
published. One is in the second volume of the Jubilee Supple- 
ment of The I bis for March, 1909; it is in the third person, 
either having been written by himself or compiled from notes 
furnished by him. The other, in the first person, is in the 
Introduction to the Introductory Volume of the Biologia, Lon- 
don, 1915. From them the present account is derived. 

Frederick DuCane Godman, third son of Joseph Godman, 
of Park Hatch, Surrey, was born on January 15, 1834. He 
attended Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, but 


I2I 


122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ May, ’19 


before going to Cambridge he made a tour to Constantinople, 
the Black Sea and Greece, during which, deliberately emulating 
Leander, he swam the Hellespont to the Asiatic side. 

It was in October, 1853, that he went to Cambridge, where, 
already interested in natural history, he soon became acquainted 
with Osbert Salvin and the brothers Newton, and together 
they made many ornithological and lepidopterological expedi- 
tions in the neighborhood. 

In August, 1861, he and Salvin went to Jamaica, Belize and 
Guatemala, collecting birds, insects, plants and fishes. A trip 
to the Azores, in 1864, yielded a book (The Azores, 1870) on 
the natural history results of the expedition. In 1872 he vis- 
ited the Canaries and Madeira to compare their faunas more 
critically with that of the Azores. 

In 1878, he and Salvin matured their plans for publishing 
some connected record of their natural history experiences in 
Central America, the now well known Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana, the first part of which appeared in September, 1879, and 
the last, the Introductory Volume, in 1915. In the summer 
of 1879 they, in conjunction with H. J. Elwes and W. A. 
Forbes, collected Alpine butterflies in the Dauphiné Alps. In 
1886, he and Elwes collected plants, birds and butterflies in 
many parts of India and in Ceylon.. | 

In 1887, he was recommended by his doctor to spend the 
winter in a warmer climate and so went by way of New York 
to Central and Southern Mexico, collecting material for the 
great work. He was accompanied by Mr. and Mrs. H. H. 
Smith, “who proved marvellously good collectors in various 
branches of entomology.” 

He was not only a collector himself, but also purchased 
many insects brought together by others, such as Lidderdale’s 
North Indian, Bates’ Amazonian and H. Druce’s butterflies ; 
Sallé’s, Boucard’s, Forrer’s and Hége’s Mexican and Central 
American Coleoptera, F. Bates’ Heteromera, part of J. S. 
Baly’s Phytophaga, Janson’s Elateridae, and miscellaneous col- 
lections by Becker, Biolley, Blancaneaux, Conradt, Gaumer, 
Janson, Lankester, Morrison, Rhoads, Staudinger, Under- 
wood, Van Patten, Wittkugel and others. Among those whom 


ee ae), ee Tt eens Se SS ea ete a ay 
Mors ae ir Steet : acpeel ns ee ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 123 


he and Salvin employed for the collecting of insects and other 
specimens for the Biologia were G. C. Champion, H. Rogers, 
E. Arcé, W. B. Richardson, F. B. Armstrong, W. Lloyd and 
M. Trujillo. 

_ All of these collections were subsequently presented to the 
British Museum of Natural History, of which Dr. Godman 
became a trustee. Some indication of their extent has been 
given in the NEws for May, 1916, page 196. 

From very early days Godman exhibited an intense love of 
sport—hunting, fishing, shooting and stalking; he often fol- 
lowed the hounds. He keenly enjoyed horticulture and he 
collected ceramic ware. 7 

Oxford made him a D.C.L.; he was a fellow of the Royal 


Society, President of the Entomological Society of London 


(1891-2), and of the British Ornithologists’ Union, etc. 

His great contribution to biology is the series of volumes 
forming the Biologia Centrali-Americana, accounts of which 
have been given in the News for December, 1905, and May, 
1916, and we have expressed our appreciation thereof editori- 
ally in the latter number. It is not superfluous to recall here 
and now that, in conjunction with Salvin and others, he wrote 
the volumes on Lepidoptera Rhopalocera and on Birds, as well 
as a large part of the Introductory Volume; in the treatment 
of the Hesperidae he made much use of characters drawn 
from the male genitalia. 3 

The most recent letter which the writer received from Dr. 
Godman is dated December 4, 1915, and reads, in part: 

Very many thanks for your kind letter of congratulations on the 
completion of the “Biologia.” Of course, after so many years, I am 
glad to see it finished. Had it not been for the kind assistance I have 
had from the large number of contributors, nearly all of which has 
been gratuitous, it could not have been done. 

As one of those contributors, with the recollections of 
nearly ten years of my early manhood largely devoted to a 
small part of the Biologia, I feel with the passing of Dr. God- 
man—whom, alas, I never met personally—as if a certain por- 
tion of my own life also had passed away. 

Puitie P. CALveRT 


124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [ May, ’19 


Notes on Zeugophora scutellaris Suffr., a European 
Poplar Leaf-miner, in New Jersey (Col.). 


By Harry B. Weiss and ALAN S. Nicotay, New Brunswick, 
aaa, Wet | 

This Chrysomelid, not heretofore recorded from New Jer- 
sey, was first observed in the State by Mr. Nicolay in a nursery 
at Arlington on June 23, where it was feeding on the foliage 
of poplar (Populus deltoides). It is a European species oc- 
curring in Middle Europe and also appears to be widely dis- 
tributed in the United States. A specimen in the Schaeffer 
collection is labelled “New Mexico”; Mr. C. A. Frost writes 
that he has a specimen from Champaign, Illinois, and Blatch- 
ley in his “Coleoptera of Indiana” records it as rare in Starke 
and Wells counties. He further states that it was beaten from 
the leaves of hickory, In New Jersey we have found it only 
on poplar.. Smith, in his list of the insects of New Jersey (N. 
J. State Mus. Report, 1909), mentions a related species, Z. vari- 
ans Crotch, as being rare on poplar, and Blatchley also records 
this latter species from Indiana under similar conditions. 

In New Jersey Zeugophora scutellaris is a feeder on poplar 
during its adult stage, and a leaf miner during its larval stages. 
It was very plentiful during the last week of June. The adults 
were active in the sunshine and when disturbed some would 
drop for six or eight inches, then recover and fly off. Many 
were observed.in copula. The terminal leaves were preferred 
for feeding purposes and everything appeared to be eaten 
except the upper leaf surface and the supporting veins, even 
the smallest veins being left. The leaves were therefore skele- 
tonized from the lower surface. Later, the upper leaf tissue 
and the veins dry and break, leaving irregular holes. 

Eggs are deposited on the leaves and the larvae mine the 
tissue during July. By the first week in August many are full 
grown. They then leave the mines and drop to the ground 
in which pupation takes place, the adults appearing the early 
part of the next summer. : 

During the middle of September it was possible to find the 
yellowish, curved larvae from one to five inches below the 


Vol. xxx! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 125 
surface of the soil, most of them being at a depth of only one 
or one and one-half inches. Many of these larvae had been in 
the soil over one month and showed no signs of pupating. 
From this it seems likely that pupation takes place during the 
spring. : 

The larval mines are blackish, irregular and blotch-like, 


& ~ > 
- 


ag 


- ‘ > 


' Poplar leaves showing larval mines and adult feeding of Zeugophora scutellaris. 


many of them extending over an entire leaf surface. They 
show more plainly on the upper surface, and as a rule only 
faintly on the lower. Usually a mine contained one larva, but in 


126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | May, 19 


a few cases two, and as many as four were found. The com- 
bined feeding and mining produces an injury which results 
in killing the foliage completely, most of it drying and falling 
to the ground. At Arlington the infestation was so severe that 
practically every leaf on four or five medium sized trees was 
infested. 


Egg from dissected female. Length 0.66 mm. Greatest width 0.2 
mm. Yellowish, oval, with broadly rounded extremities, one end slightly 
wider than the other, chorion smooth. Females collected on July 1 
and dissected were found to contain from eight to thirteen well de- 
veloped eggs and others in the process of development. 

Full grown larva. Length 4-5.5 mm. Width, including tubercles, 
1.7 mm. Color yellowish white, becoming yellowish when full grown, 
head and mouth parts dark. Body somewhat depressed, composed of 
13 segments, apodous, anal end subtruncate. Sides of thorax and abdo- 
men subparallel. Head with projecting mouth parts subtriangular, bear- 
ing median, dorsal dark line and several hairs. First thoracic segment 
flat, twice as long as second; second and third of equal length; first 
thoracic segment with faint, dorsal, transverse, foveiform impression. 
remaining thoracic and all abdominal segments except the last with 
transverse, undulating, impressed line on dorsal surface; lateral margin 
of first thoracic segment bearing two hairs; lateral dorsal portions 
second and third thoracic segments and each abdominal segment bearing 
two hairs arranged transversely. Abdominal segments subequal in 
length; sides of abdominal segments 1 to 8 produced into triangular 
tubercles, each bearing a hair. Ventral surface somewhat similar to 
dorsal, except that the lateral portions of the thoracic and abdominal 
segments bear only one hair. All hairs comparatively long, with some- 
what tuberculate bases. 


Adult. This was described by Suffrian in his paper ‘“Frag- 
mente zur genauern Kenntniss deutscher Kafer” (Entomo- 
logische Zeitung, zu Stettin, 1840), who gives Populus nigra 
as the food plant and the localities Aschersleben, Magdeburg 
and near Leipzig. The following description is from the 
original and from Blatchley’s re-description : 

“Elongate-oblong, convex. Black, except for the head, thorax, legs, 
pro- and mesosterna and the first three antennal joints which are clear 
yellow. Scutellum brownish. Thorax longer than wide, strongly con- 
vex, sides extended into prominent tubercles, surface coarsely punctate. 
Antennae stout, less than half the length of the body. Length 3.5- 
4.5 mm.” 


aT ee Ce 


SACP ae ey ae eR Oe Lo 


—S ae 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 127 


It is evident that the life history and habits of Zeugophora 
scutellaris are similar to those of Z. flavicollis. WKaltenbach, 
writing about this latter species in Pflanzenfeinde, 1874, p. 544, 
states that it occurs in Sweden and Germany on poplar, that 
the adults feed on the lower leaf surfaces and that the larvae 
are miners in the leaves of Populus nigra, the mines consisting 
of black spots on the upper surfaces. The larvae are legless, 
yellow with brown heads and flattened serrate bodies. Pupa- 
tion takes place in the soil, the adults appearing in May of the 
following year. 

We are indebted to Mr. C. W. Leng for supplying us with 
references to the foreign literature and to Mr. A. J. Mutchler, 
who, through the courtesy of Dr. F. E. Lutz, showed us this 
literature in the American Museum of Natural History. 


<— 
aa 


Descriptions of New Species of Coleophora (Micro- 
lepidoptera). 
By ANNETTE F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
(Continued from page 112. ) 
Coleophora polemoniella n. sp. 

Head brown, palpi white, with a minute projecting tuft on the second 
segment, and marked with a brown streak along the outer side of the 
second and lower side of the third segment. Antennae with the basal, 
and three or four succeeding segments slightly thickened with scales; 
stalk whitish, annulate with brown. Thorax brown. 

Fore wings golden brown, a distinct, rather broad white streak along 
the costa, fading out beyond the middle of the costa; a white streak 
along the fold nearly to the margin and broadest near the base; a 
white streak from the middle of the cell to its lower angle, broadest 
outwardly. Costal veins and one or two veins beneath the apex in- 
distinctly marked with white. The spaces between these veins are 
shaded with dark brown, deepest toward the margins, but not extend- 
ing into the cilia; the ground color above the discal streak is sometimes 
deepened. The conspicuousness of the white streaks varies; in some 
specimens all except the costal streak and the streak in the fold are | 
almost indistinguishable. Cilia brownish, somewhat hoary along the 
costa. Hind wings dark grayish brown. Legs whitish, with a brown 
line along the outer sides. Expanse: 13-14 mm. 


Locality: Cincinnati, Ohio, and vicinity. Type (a specimen 
showing all the marks described above) and paratypes in 


128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | May, 19 


writer’s collection; paratypes in the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia and in the United States National 
Museum. | 

The larvae feed on the lower side of leaves of Greek valerian 
(Polemonium reptans L.), where they mine out the entire 
parenchyma, leaving silvery white patches. The mature case, 
of almost pure white silk, except where the overwintering 
grayer case marks its dorsal surface from mouth to one-half 
its length, is cylindrical, 9 to 10 mm. long with scarcely re- 
flexed mouth, and with flattened, broadly expanded two- 
valved apex which is one and one-half times as broad as the 
maximum breadth of the case elsewhere. The apex is slightly 
asymmetrical, rather fish-tailed in shape. The mature cases 
were first observed April 16 and 18, and the larvae continued 
to feed for several weeks, pupating later on sticks and dead 
leaves near the food plants, where they are conspicuous be- 
cause of their white color. Forty-two moths emerged from 
May I1 to June 2. 

Mined leaves were collected June 13. The larva is yellow 
and: makes a very fine whitish transparent thread-like mine, 
much contorted, which at last encloses in outline a slightly 


flattened ellipse,—that portion of the leaf which is to be cut. 


out to form the first case. The portion cut out measures 2 
mm. by 1 mm. This piece, in which the parenchyma is not 
consumed, forms the foundation for the case. It is folded, 
seam on under side and closely sewed together; it extends to 
the mouth of the case, but toward the apex, the case is made 
entirely of pale greenish silk, this silken portion projecting 
about half a millimeter beyond and of a slightly less diameter 
than the leaf part, and lacking the expanded apex of the mature 
case. Feeding ceases about July 1, when the case is about 4 
mm. long, and is not resumed until early the following spring. 


Coleophora ericoides n. sp. : 
Head grayish white; second segment of palpi fuscous outwardly, 


with a minute projecting tuft; third segment white, fuscous beneath. 


Antennae simple, whitish fuscous, indistinctly annulate beneath only. 
- Thorax and fore wings pale grayish ocherous. A rather distinct 


white streak along the costal edge to beyond the middle, where it blends 


Vol. xxx! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 129 


with the whitish costal cilia. White streaks usually indistinct and in- 
terrupted mark the course of the veins; of these the most distinguish- 
able are along veins 11 and 10 and along the upper margin of the cell. 
A faint narrow line runs for half the wing length above the fold and 
parallel to it; another short line lies just below and alongside of the 
fold. A short streak sometimes runs through the outer half of the 
cell. The dorsal margin is narrowly white. Dorsal cilia concolorous 
with the -wing. Hind wings grayish ocherous. Legs whitish, with 
the outer surfaces marked with brown. Expanse: 12 mm. 

_ Locality: Cincinnati, Ohio. Type and six paratypes in 
writer’s collection. 

_ The larva mines the seeds and receptacle of a wild white 
aster (Aster ericoides L.). Numbers of the small seeds of 
the flower heads may be found eaten out presumably by the 
larva before making a case, or while the case is still very small. 
Later the mature case is attached to the surface of the re- 
ceptacle and the larva mines into it, eating out the pithy cen- 
tral portion; one or two circular holes mark the point of en- 
trance. The mature case is short, cylindrical, with three-valved 
apex, measuring 4.5 to 5 mm. in length, with a greatest diame- 
ter of 1.3 mm. The case is spun entirely of silk, in color vary- 
ing from pale straw to brownish cinereous; it is more or less 
densely covered with pappus from the flowers, attached ir- 
regularly over the surface and extending backwards beyond 
the apex. It is thus difficult to discern in the ripening seed- 
head. The larvae are fully fed in the latter part of Novem- 
ber and early in December may be found crawling or attached 
to stems and sticks in the neighborhood. The moths emerged 
September 17 to 28. 

Coleophora amaranthella n. sp. 

Head pale dull ocherous, palpi whitish, apex and projecting tuft of 
second segment fuscous. Antennae whitish, annulate indistinctly with 
brownish ocherous. Thorax whitish dull ocherous. 

Fore wings pale brownish ocherous, the spaces between the veins” 
reaching the costal edge white, more or less densely dusted with fus- 
cous; beneath the apex the ground color is irregularly sprinkled with 
white and fuscous scales. A white dusted streak extends through the 
cell, starting faintly near the base and broadening outwardly and ends 
_at the lower angle of the cell in a rather conspicuous fuscous spot. A 
dusted white streak along the fold and another along the dorsal mar- 
gin. Hind wings pale grayish ocherous. Legs whitish with a fuscous 


130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | May, *19 


line along the outer surfaces; tarsi fuscous. Abdomen whitish be- 
neath, grayish ocherous above. Expanse: 13 to 14 mm. 


Locality: Cincinnati, Ohio (probably widely distributed with 
its food plant.) Type and paratypes in writer’s collection; 
paratypes in Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 
and in the United States National Museum. 

Twenty-eight specimens reared from larvae eating out the 
seeds of pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus .). Mature case 
6 mm. long, subcylindrical, with mouth slightly bent over, 
thickest just behind the middle whence it tapers slightly be- 
fore flaring to form the three-valved apex. It is spun en- 
tirely of rough brownish silk decorated with numerous ir- 

regular, small, buffish gray particles. The larvae feed through- 
out the autumn and remain during the winter hidden among 
the old flower clusters. Imagos emerged from July 27 to 
August 23. 

The fuscous spot near the lower angle of the cell is the dis- 
tinguishing characteristic of this species. 


Coleophora granifera n. sp. 

Head whitish, ocherous above; palpi dark fuscous on the outer sides; 
antennae whitish, with the basal segment enlarged with scales near the 
extreme base. Thorax whitish ocherous. 

Fore wings with the white color predominating, so that the ground 
color may be regarded as white with ocherous streaks. Costal edge, 
for one-third its length ocherous, extreme costa near the base fuscous. 
There is sometimes a very small ocherous streak near the costa, just 
proximal to vein 11; ocherous streaks lie in the spaces between the 
remaining costal veins, and the apex of the wing is ocherous. An 
ocherous streak extends from near the base through the upper half 
of the cell and runs into the apex. There is sometimes an ocherous 
streak through the lower half of the cell, running into the ocherous 
outer margin of the wing. This may be as distinct as the other discal 
streak or entirely wanting except near the outer margin. An ocherous 
streak from the base below the fold usually reaches the wing margin. 
There is sometimes faint fuscous dusting, especially in the apex and 
along the costal ocherous streaks. Cilia ocherous and white inter- 
mixed. Hind wings pale grayish ocherous to fuscous, usually darker 
than the fore wings. Legs whitish, fuscous outwardly. Abdomen 
whitish beneath, fuscous in the mid-dorsal line. Expanse: 12.5-14 mm. 

Locality: Cincinnati, Ohio. Type and paratypes in writer’s 


collection. 


a gt tii Kk We ee 


AEE eR Cee Ree "a er 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 131 


The cases are found on the under side of leaves of Aster 
shorti Lindl. The nearly full-grown larvae with mature cases 
feed on the lower leaves near the ground in early spring. The 
mature case is about Io mm. long, cylindrical, with mouth 
slightly deflexed and with two-valved slightly expanded apex. 
It is spun of brownish red silk, paler toward apex, with a dark 
brown granular spot on the upper side beneath the mouth. The 
larvae continue to feed until the middle of May, and produce 
moths from June 2 to July to. Eleven specimens reared ; two 
captured. 

Leaves mined by the larva before constructing its first case, 
were collected in the latter part of June. This mine is irregular, 


sometimes trapezoidal in shape, and is several times the area 


of the first few mines made after the larva spins its minute 
case, which is covered closely toward apex with the black 
frass taken from the mine. These mines extend in a curve 
across the leaf, gradually increasing in size. The case is 
gradually elongated at apex and mouth and increased in diame- 
ter by the splitting open and filling in of the under surface 
with silk. These additions are pale gray at first, later becom- 
ing reddish, and the original frass-covered case forms the dark 
brown patch on the upper side of the mature case. During 
late summer and fall, the larvae mine the small leaves up 
amongst the inflorescence. 

The imagos of this species, particularly the paler specimens, 
are only with difficulty distinguished from those of C. vernoni- 
aeella Chambers, in which the position and course of the mark- 
ings are practically the same. The latter species is larger and 
paler, with the outer margin mostly white, instead of ocher- 
ous. ‘ii 


> 


Collecting the Larvae of Tabanus and Chrysops (Dip.). 


By WERNER MARCHAND. 


(From the Department of Animal Pathology of The Rockefeller Insti- 
tute for Medical Research, Princeton, New Jersey.) 


While the larvae of mosquitoes and many other Diptera 
Nematocera are comparatively well known, as they are aquatic 
in habitat, and while the larvae of many Brachycera have been 


132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | May, ‘19 


frequently reared from all sorts of decaying material, the 
mud-inhabiting larvae of the Tabanidae have received but 
scanty attention from entomologists. Yet the Tabanidae con- 
stitute a family of wide distribution, rich in species and abun- 
dant in individuals. They are therefore entirely worthy of 
the attention of the scientific dipterist. Moreover, the Tabani- 
dae represent a considerable source of trouble to cattle and 
live stock, -being so numerous in some localities as to be 
seriously disturbing. : 

The large black horseflies have been noticed by most of us. 
The “greenheaded” flies are a serious and well-known pest, 
especially in the region of the shore. In certain regions in 
the South Tabanidae are so numerous that they are especially 
mentioned by travelers, and particular regions have their par- 
ticular flies. Some species, for instance those of Chrysops and 
Diachlorus (“the yellow fly of the Dismal Swamp”) will at- 
tack man freely and inflict painful bites. These flies are also 
very common in New Jersey, sixty-five species having been 
listed. 

The reason why apparently the larval stages of these flies 
have been very generally overlooked lies in the fact that they — 
inhabit the wet soil in the immediate neighborhood of water. 
In other words, they are not taken by the ordinary collecting 
methods of the fresh-water-exploring entomologist, since, for 
the purpose of taking water insects, usually a net is employed, 
and the taking of much mud into the net is carefully avoided. 
The Tabanid larvae are never, or only in very young stages, 
found submerged under water, hence they are never taken with 


may be found occasionally submerged, at least in the fall, possibly in 
preparation for passing the winter, is a fact which I owe to Dr. Robert 
J. Leavitt in Trenton who, in October, 1918, took three half-sized larvae 
of T. atratus in mud (or water), while dredging with a net for tad- 
poles and sunfish in water eight or ten inches deep, over mud in which 
grows a characteristic mud vegetation. The locality was a pond on a 
dairy farm near Trenton Junction, The three larvae were taken in 


Vl: xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 7133 


examine vegetation, bark and stumps of trees, heaps of dead 
leaves, or whatever is found underneath stones; he will oc- 
casionally proceed to sifting, but in this case, of dry material. 
He will not examine, as a rule, the wet soil adjoining water ; 
therefore he will take Tabanid larvae only occasionally. 
These larvae are, however, almost invariably present in the 
soil immediately above water, at the edge of brooks, ponds, 
lakes and streams, small springs and water holes; in short, 
almost any kind of permanent body of water. They may be 


three different dips of the net and always at two or three feet distance 
from shore. There was no possibility that they came from anywhere 
but in or under the water. 

Tabanid larvae of various species have been taken by myself in the 
mud of the edge, not submerged, in the months of September, October, 
November and February when the weather was mild, but it is possible 
that they are able to pass the cold periods of the winter below the 
water since, according to my experience, they apparently do not stand 
much freezing; on the other hand, their need of oxygen is not as great 
in winter as in summer. That the very young stages of many species 
(Chrysops) undoubtedly live submerged, has already been stated; those 
stages may derive oxygen from submerged plants (algae, etc.). 

I notice that H. H. King (Report Wellcome Tropical Research 
Laboratory, Bulletin of Entomological Research, Vol. 1, Part 4, De- 
cember, 1910, page 265.) has stated of the larvae of the African 
T. ditaeniatus, that they were found submerged in a small water 
channel, the water of which was overgrown with a covering of green 
slime and if this was cleared away, a few larvae could generally be seen 
at the surface. “On stirring the mud at the bottom and edges of the 
water,” says King, “more would appear, while if one waited for an 
hour or so, specimens would continue to rise. They were apparently 
living at the bottom of the pools and coming periodically to the surface 
to breathe. They could be seen rising to the surface by a lashing 
motion, and if left undisturbed would, after a few seconds, sink out of 
sight again.” | : 

Certain species of Tabanidae live, as larvae, under stones in shallow, 
rapid-flowing water, notably T. kingi (King) and 7. vivax (Hine). 
The latter species may be taken if a sieve is held so that as a stone is. 

being lifted, the larvae under it are swept into the sieve by the current 
- (Hine). 

These exceptional cases should be taken into consideration by collec- 
tors, but, on the whole, the rule holds good that Tabanid larvae are 
found in the soil and mud immediately above water and near the edge, 
as hundreds of captures have demonstrated. 


134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ May, ’r9 


most easily obtained by means of a wire kitchen strainer six 
inches in diameter and of medium size mesh, with strong 
handle. These strainers are used in households and can be 
furnished by any hardware store. In sifting for the larvae, 
a lump of mud the size of a fist or larger is taken from the 
edge of the water and placed into the strainer. The latter is 
then gently shaken, at the same time immersing it in the water 
near the edge. The earthy constituents are washed through 
the wire meshes and the Tabanid larvae become visible. This 
process is repeated until it gives positive results, which is near- 
ly always the case within less than half an hour. If the 
larvae are not found readily in one place, they will often be 
present in another place only a few feet distant. It is often 
found convenient to seize bundles of sod by the roots and 
shake them with water in the strainer until the earth is washed 
off. Frequently the larvae are found clinging to the grass 
roots. Wherever soft mud is exposed to the surface directly 
adjoining the water, it should be put through the strainer and 
it will usually contain some larvae. Even sandy and muddy 
banks without any vegetation will frequently yield an abun- 
dance of larvae of Tabanus and Chrysops. At ponds where a 
rich green vegetation of Lemna and aquatic weeds is present, 
the half-decaying masses which border the edge of the mud un- 
derneath may contain larvae. Brooks with coarse sand or 
gravel are not favorable because the coarse sand does not pass. 
through the meshes of the strainer and therefore the larvae are 
often overlooked or injured. Generally, the larvae are located 
only a few inches from the surface, but may be found to a depth 
of one foot, and in some localities even deeper. In places where 
the water has receded, owing to dry weather, the larvae will of- 
ten follow the receding water and be found at the new edge, but 
if the ground retains some moisture they may be looked for all 
over the formerly inundated region. Ponds or brooks with a 
definite permanent border give better results than indefinitely 
bordered swamps, wet meadows, etc. One has always to bear 
in mind that the larvae are air-breathers and as such may scat- 
ter in swampy regions with low water level over wide areas, 
while in all localities where the water maintains a certain level, 


Mobos Le ot A 2k a See €e ‘Liat = 
eT eee ) = Tu Bae > as ee eas I A dl Se Lg! hs 
ree pa ie | aaa Pen e 4 aie bik.” 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 135 


they are forced to aggregate at the borders. On the other hand, 
being dependent on moisture, they do not usually go any great 
distance away from these borders. 

It is not difficult for the entomologist to identify the Tabanid 
larvae as such. The larvae are nearly always cylindrical in 
shape, whitish, grayish or yellow in color, and characteristical- 
ly hard and firm to the touch. This is due to their strong 
chitinization and their contraction at the moment when they 
are taken. They generally will soon begin creeping and then 
will appear more slender and more pointed at the cephalic end. 
The small larvae of Chrysops are usually taken when between 
5 and 10 millimeters long; the smaller ones escape attention. 
The Chrysops larvae are whitish or greenish yellow, thé end of 


- the abdomen often darker. The Tabanus larvae are found in 


all sizes from 5 to 45 millimeters, more frequently, however, 
of the medium size. They are usually whitish, yellowish or 
reddish grey, either without pattern and shiny, or with gray 
or brown transverse markings. In all larvae the proleg-bearing 
ridges may be quite conspicuous. The larvae of most species 
do not float at the surface but sink to the bottom of the 
water ; certain species as, for instance, T. lineola and T. atra- 
tus, have inflated tracheae and float at the surface when washed 
out of their habitat. This facilitates their capture, and in 
places where these larvae alone occur, a strainer is not neces- 
sary. All that is needed is to throw lumps of mud and sod, 
grass, bushes, etc., from the edge into the water, stir them and 
work them over for a while and the larvae will soon rise to 
the surface where they betray their presence through vigorous 
wriggling or lashing movements. 

Together with the Tabanid larvae, one may obtain. hy means 
of the strainer, the larvae of other Dipterous families, chiefly 
Dolichopodidae, Leptidae and Tipulidae. The former two 
families comprise larvae usually of the size of Chrysops larvae - 
but more slender, shiny white or yellowish, the end of the 
body not pointed or rounded but truncated or ending in several 
lobes. The Tipulid larvae, when belonging to larger species, 


_ are generally gray or blackish in color; those belonging to 


136 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS. [| May, ’19 


smaller species may be yellow, white or greenish. All Tipulid 
larvae are distinguished from Tabanid larvae by being quite 
soft to the touch, with no_well-marked circular annuli.? 

Tabanid larvae can be taken at all times of the year; certain 
species seem to have a preference for definite localities where 
they are regularly present while other equally common species 
are absent, having their breeding-places elsewhere. It is there- 
fore possible to obtain breeding material of definite species at 
all seasons provided a good breeding locality has been found. 
But some species are found pretty nearly everywhere. Late 
fall, winter and early spring are favorable seasons for collect- 
ing, as the presence of vegetation is not as interfering as in 
summer. 

When collected, the larvae should be placed with wet plant 
material, and then should be isolated as soon as possible, as 
they will proceed to eat one another in a very short time. Each 
larva ought to be placed into a glass vial. The writer uses 
test-tubes with lip, and lined with filter paper, but small, so- 
called homoeopathic vials answer the purpose perfectly well. 
For moisture, a lump of plant material, or wet filter paper, 
blotting paper and the like should be placed in the bottle. The 
neck should be covered with cheesecloth or linen. Instead of 
string, rubber bands may be very conveniently used. If the bot- 
tles have no neck or lip the larvae will frequently escane, as 
they are able to force their way through almost any passage. As 
food, small earthworms, or pieces of such, or small pieces of 
raw meat, can be given,’ but the larvae can do without food for 
a long time if kept moist, since they are very hardy. In this 
condition the larvae are ready for mailing; a number of such 
bottles or vials, with locality labels attached to them, can be 
packed in cotton and shipped any distance. 

It is to be hoped that collectors stationed in localities where 


2 The larger Tipulid larvae are found more abundantly among decay- 


ing leaves, grass roots, etc., in the edge of the water than in the mud 


itself. 


3 T notice that larvae of T. atratus take boiled as well as raw meat. If 
boiled meat is given, care should be taken that it is not salted, as in this. 


case the larvae would probably not accept it. 


. 
= 
: 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 137 


Tabanidae are numerous and where species occur, the larvae 
of which are not known at all, will utilize their opportunity 
for the sake of entomological science, and kindly send such 


material to the specialist. The systematic study of the larvae 


of Tabanidae is not only of direct interest for the classification 
of the flies of this family, but is also of great importance for 
our understanding of Dipterous larvae in general and of their 


phylogeny. 


A few words might be added with reference to the pupae. 
The Tabanid larvae pupate in their normal habitat, in wet soil, 
near the surface, and the pupae are not infrequently found in 
the strainer, though, owing to the shortness of the pupal period 
as compared with the larval stages, they are not nearly so 
commonly found as the larvae. The small pupae of Chrysops 
are about 10 mm. long and brownish or grayish yellow in color. 
The Tabanus pupae may be much larger, and of grayish, 
greenish or fuscous coloration. The pupae of both genera look 
much like Lepidopterous pupae, having, however, the abdom- 
inal segments bordered with narrow fringes of spiny bristles ; 
by means of these fringes the pupae work their way to the 
surface when the water rises, and when the fly is about to 
hatch. If placed on moist, but not too wet, ground the pupae 
will usually hatch within less than two weeks. The pupal 
shells should be carefully preserved together with the fly which 
emerged from them. If the larval skin is still present, it should 
be placed in alcohol; the exuvia is often all that is necessary 
for a description of the larva. 


4a 
=<or- 


Leiomyza in North America (Dipt., Drosophilidae. ) 
By J. M. Avpricu, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau 
of Entomology, Washington, D. C. 

| HISTORICAL. 

Leiomyza was proposed by Macquart in 1835 for Meigen’s 
Agromyza glabricula and laevigata, which, as Macquart ob- 
served, differed too much on the absence of vibrissae and of 


anterior frontal bristles to remain in Agromyza; he also men- 


138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. - -[May, ’19 


tions approximated crossveins and the forward curvature of 
the fourth vein as generic characters, but the former of these 
proved to be a mistake. 

Meigen in 1838 accepted the genus and added a:third species, 
Heteroneura scatophagina Fallen, which he had himself pre- 
viously referred to Agromyza. He figures glabricula, but the 
venation is not quite alike in the two wings, and he shows a 
full complement of basal cells which afterward proved an 
error. He mentions as generic characters only the absence 
of bristles on the anterior part of the front and the course of 
the fourth vein. 

Westwood in 1840 placed Leiomyza as a subgenus of Agro- 
myza, defining it in a few words and repeating Macquart’s 
error about the approximation of the crossveins ; he mentioned 
scatophagina as “typical species,” although he probably had no 
thought of giving it any taxonomic prominence above the 
other two by so doing. As it was not originally included, it 
could not be the type species in a modern sense. | 

Zetterstedt in 1848 gave the best description of the genus 
yet published, evidently drawing the characters from Fallen’s 
type of scatophagina, which he also redescribed ; he also des- 
ignated this species as “Typus generis.” 

Schiner in 1864 was unable to give a satisfactory account 
of the genus, his only material being a determined specimen 
from the Haliday collection and one from Winnertz, which 
were obviously not congeneric, yet both resembled the descrip- 
tions. We can now decide that Winnertz was right, but 
Schiner could only adapt the earlier descriptions after a 
fashion, leaving the genus more confused than before. 

Rondani never attempted to place the genus. 

Becker cleared up the matter very much in 1902 by publish- 
ing the characters of the specimen standing as type of laevi- 
gata in the Meigen collection, with a figure of the venation. 
This specimen has the characters assigned by Meigen to the 
genus, but specifically agrees better with glabricula, as it has 
yellow halteres and the hind femora not black at tip. The 
glabricula type, or supposed type, is preserved with it but is 
now headless. It has the same wing characters and is un- 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 139 


doubtedly congeneric. Becker makes the genus out as a per- 
fectly good one, differing from Asteia chiefly in having a hind 
crossvein and a longer (normal) second vein, and he places 
_ it in Drosophilidae next to that genus. From the material 
(North American) that I have seen,.I entirely agree with this ; 
__we have a genus still more nearly related. Sigaloessa, which 
possesses a hind crossvein, hence differs hardly at all except in 
its greatly shortened second vein. 
___Czerny in 1903 gave some notes on a speciment of scatopha- 
gina in Zetterstedt’s collection, including additional generic 
_ characters. This species is strictly congeneric with the other two, 
if not in fact an earlier name for glabricula. Meigen in the 
' original description of laevigata suggested that it might be 
only a variant (Abanderung) of glabricula. As no valid des- 
ignation of a genotype has been made, glabricula is hereby 
_ designated. 
_ Williston in 1896 (a) reported the genus from North Amer- 
ica and placed it in his table of Agromyzidae (1896b) ; but in 
1908 he omitted it, evidently not satisfied with his identification. 
Melander in 1913, in his exhaustive treatment of Agro- 
myzidae and related families, mentions Leiomysa as a genus 
unknown to him. 
Lorenz Oldenberg in 1914 gives generic characters from 
a numerous specimens and from Becker and Czerny. He finds 
___ the flies in the forest in Germany on exuding sap of trees, on 
- tree fungi, and on boards in the sun. His specimens show 
_ considerable variation in the amount of infuscation of the 
_ front, antennae and femora, but seem to agree with laevigata. 
___- With this historical review, I proceed to a description of 
the genus and two new North American species. 


. GENERIC CHARACTERS. 

a Head nearly hemispherical, concave behind, the eye very 
large, bucca and parafacial extremely narrow. Antennae or- 
_ dinary, inserted at about the middle of the head in profile, 
2 arista bare or slightly pubescent. Face short, not carinate ; 
a a minute pair of vibrissae present. Front and face of equal 
_ width, less than one-third that of head; front flat, smooth, or- 


140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ May, *19 


bits more or less differentiated above for a short distance, 
and shortly above antennae with a transverse depression. Two 
pairs of verticals, one of frontals, which are at the level of 
the median ocellus. Post-verticals absent (in ours, said to be 
divergent by Oldenberg). 

Thorax and abdomen in all the species black and highly 
polished. Chaetotaxy of thorax: de 1, npl 1, stpl 1, sc 1 (anda 
very minute lateral pair, apparently absent in the female of 
slossonae) ; acrostichals in the North American species a very 
delicate single row of hairs, laterad of which the surface is 
entirely bare to another row in the de line. Wing as figured, 
second basal and anal cells wanting, fourth vein gently curved 
forward from near the crossvein, so that the first posterior 
cell is about two-thirds as wide at apex as near its base. 


Table of North American Species. 

Front and hind femora distinctly stouter than middle ones 

slossonae n. sp. 

Front and hind femora of about the same diameter as the middle 
ones 

melanderi n. sp. 
Leiomyza slossonae n. sp. 

Front brown, including an extension to the vertex on each side of 
the ocelli; ocellar triangle and the upper third of frontal orbits shining 
black; lower edge of front yellow; antennae yellow, third joint, oval, 
slightly infuscated or not on upper edge; arista microscopically 
pubescent, appearing bare under hand lens. Face, parafacials and 
bucca almost white, sometimes more yellowish, with a narrow brown 
line usually perceptible separating the first two and bordering the sides 
of the mouth cavity. Palpi yellow; proboscis small, yellow. Halteres 
yellow. Legs including coxae wholly yellow except last tarsal joint, 
which is brown; front and hind femora thickened in both sexes, and 
their coxae and trochanters a little elongated. Length 1.8 mm. 


Types, one male (holotype), one female, mounted on same 
pin, from Franconia, New Hampshire, collected by Mrs. Slos- 
son and in her possession. Paratypes, one each from Pullman, 
Lyndon and Almota, Washington, and one from Moscow 
Mountain, Idaho, all collected by Professor Melander. Para- 
type from Washington deposited in the United States National 
Museum. 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 141 


Leiomyza melanderi n. sp. (Text Fig. 1, wing). 

Smaller than slossonae {1.5 mm.), all the femora slender; legs pale 
yellow, last tarsal joint almost black. Face not usually so whitish, 
more yellow. The specimen from Montreal has the head darker, front 
blackish-brown, with a faint median paler streak, lower edge pale 


; “any, (\ 
Tp, « yen 
‘ty f ” ort? t f tf 
PPP cariany wenn | eee fur 


Text Fig. 1.—ZLeiomyza melanderin. sp. Right wing, under side. X 46. 


yellow, face and bucca quite dark yellow, third antennal joint about 
half infuscated. This I can only regard as a dark form of the same 
species, although the front looks different. 


Types, one male, one female, Moscow Mountain, Idaho; 
paratypes, one each from Moscow Mountain, Idaho; Pull- 
man, Olga, Everett and Almota, Washington; all the preceding 
collected by Professor Melander, in whose possession the types 
remain. Also one female paratype from Montreal, Canada, 
collected by Rev. Jos. Ouellet. Two paratypes from Washing- 
ton in the United States National Museum. 


+ 
LITERATURE CITED. 


Brecker, 1902, Zeitsch. f. Hym. u. Dipt., ii, 340. 
CzERNY, 1903, Wien. Ent. Zeit., xxii, 127. 
Macguart, 1835, Hist. Nat. Dint., ii, 605. 
MeIcGEN, 1838, Syst. Beschr. eur. Zweifl. Ins., vi, 394. 
MELANDER, 1913, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xx, 228. 
OLDENBERG, 1914, Arch. f. naturgesch., 80 Jahrg., Abth. A. Heft 2. 
p. 36. 
' Scutner, 1864, Fauna Austr., ii, 300. 
Westwoop, 1840, Introd. ‘Mod. Class., ii, app., 152. 
Wiuiston, 1896a, Ent. News, vii, 394. 
Ip., 1896b, Manual of N. A. Dipt., sec. ed., 104. 
Ip., 1908, Manual, 3d ed. 
ZeETTERSTEDT, 1848, Dipt. Scand., vii, 2676. 


142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | May, ’19 


The Staining of Coccids (Homop.).* 
By J. Howarp GAGE. 


Students of the Coccidae have long desired a stain that 
would permanently color the chitinous exoskeleton and at 
the same time give enough contrast to make the more minute 
details of structure plainly visible under the microscope. Un- 
til the present time such a stain has not been found. In most 
cases in specimens that have been stained the color disinte- 
grates with age, leaving them muddy, and in fact, in a much 
worse condition for study than they would have been had no 
stain been used. 

In my work with the Coccidae several of the more common 
stains were tried, one by one they were discarded until. only 
saurefuchsin remained. This substance gave on the whole 
the best results, but even in specimens colored with this stain 
the color faded after a time. Saurefuchsin is, as the ‘name 
implies, an acid stain having enough acid combined with the 


coloring properties of the substance to produce acidity, pro- 


viding the specimen treated is neutral or acid. It is evident, 
then, that the presence of an alkali even in minute quantities 
will impair the working of the stain, for such an alkali would 
neutralize the acid of the stain and cause it to break down. 
To remove all traces of the potassium hydroxide ordinarily 
used in cleaning specimens requires more than the customary 
three or four baths of distilled water; in fact one can never, 
according to the theory of limits, remove all of the alkali 
simply by washing, even though one might reduce it to a 
negligible quantity. In order to prevent any alkali being 
present, a ten per cent. solution of hydrochloric acid was add- 
ed to the staining solution. This excess of acid neutralized 
the small amount of potassium hydroxide that remained, pre- 
cipitating it as a potassium salt, leaving an excess of hydro- 
chloric acid in the staining solution and the specimen, 


HCl (in excess) + KOH = KCI + HOH + HCI. 


The precipitated potassium chloride is very highly soluble in 
water, but since all of the water is removed during the de- 
hydration of the specimen there remains nothing except a few 
crystals of potassium chloride and hydrochloric acid in ex- 
cess. As there is an excess of acid in the specimen, it is clear 
that if it be mounted and sealed in with acid balsam it will 


*Contributions from the Entomological Laboratories of the Univer- 
sity of Illinois. No. 50. 


ibs 


ee 


Ea ee ee ES fee ae 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS. 143 


remain an acid preparation and its color will not disintegrate. 
A check series of experiments was carried out to determine 
the action of alkali on the stain. In this series the staining 
bath was made strongly alkaline by the addition of potassium 
hydroxide. The results of the experiments show, conclusively, 
that the presence of an alkali does cause the color of the stain 
to disintegrate. In fact, when the specimens were removed 
from the staining solution all of the color had faded from the 
bath itself and the specimens showed no color whatsoever. 
Various strengths of staining solutions were tried in a careful 
and somewhat extended series of experiments. In this series 
species of coccids with a thin cuticle, those with a medium 
heavy cuticle, and those with a heavy cuticle were used. As 
a result of these experiments it was found that the following 
formula produced the best coloring in all of the species tried: 


DR UN sin oo tai ings vas + 0.5 gram 
10 per cent. hydrochloric acid ..... os ee es 25.0 =Cc; 
RPM WAKET eo es ara bk 300.0 cc. 


The above formula is recommended as a solution of a stain 
that will produce a permanent and successful color in the 
Coccidae and their near relatives in thirty to forty minutes. 
It can be kept indefinitely in a glass-stoppered bottle and used 
whenever there is an occasion. 

Specimens to be stained should be removed from the potas- 
sium hydroxide and thoroughly washed in three or four 
changes of distilled water, then placed in a Syracuse watch- 
glass containing a few cubic centimeters of the staining solu- 
tion for twenty or forty minutes. After the staining is com- 
pleted, they should be removed and treated in the manner 
usually followed in making preparations of coccids. Saure- 
fuchsin is not highly soluble in either carbol-xylene, clove oil, or 
alcohol, therefore, the specimens may be left in solutions of 
these substances a sufficient length of time to insure complete 
clearing and dehydration. 

The explanation of the so- -called fading of color in ‘stained 
coccids is that they are probably alkaline, ‘and if the specimens 
are made acid, that is to have an excess of acid present, they 
will not become muddy or colorless. Specimens that were — 
stained, using this formula, in the winter of 1915, are at 

the present time as brightly colored and show as much contrast 
as they did. when freshly prepared, while specimens stained 
at the same time using a neutral solution, or one that did not 
contain an excess of acid, have become almost colorless. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, Pa., MAy, IgIg. 


Entomologia Resurgens Belgica. 

The American Entomological Society has lately received in 
exchange Number 1 of the Nineteenth Year of the Revue Men- 
suelle de la Société Entomologique Namuroise, dated Namur 
(Belgium), Jan. 25, 1919. The opening paragraphs are as 
follows (translated) : 


After 53 months of silence, our review reappears; at first under a 
modest aspect that we will seek to improve in order to give it as 
rapidly as possible all its old vitality. We appeal for the aid of all 
our friends; during the long months of desolation, entomology has 
been a consolation and we count on an ample harvest of notes and 
interesting observations, continuing to give to our review that personal 
character which has made it so valuable. It does not enter into our 
plan to speak of the war; our beautiful patriotic song, “To The Fu- 
ture,” ought to be our guide; it will inspire us and will show us our 
path; with the help of God we do not doubt of success. Our Society 
has decided to break off all relations with the German countries and 
their allies. The barbarism, of which we have been the victims, ap- 
proved by their savants (?), has made this purification necessary. 
Andenne, Dinant, Tamines, Louvain, Rheims and how -many other 
cities and villages are not scraps of paper which a Chancellor can 
ever make disappear. 


Let us by a League of Nations, or by any other means, and 
by all means prevent a repetition of the horrors which have 
compelled our Belgian confréres to write these words. 


> 


An Itonid Feeding on Rust Spores (Itonididae, Diptera). 


During the summer of 1918 some interesting itonid larvae were 
found living in hypertrophied fruits of Crataegus at Ithaca, New York. 
The adults, when bred from the fruit, were sent to Dr. Felt for identi- 
fication. -He found them to be Mycodiplosis cerasifolia Felt. This 
species was first reared September 4, 1907, from irregularly thickened 
folded choke cherry leaves taken-at Newfoundland, New Jersey, and 
described by Dr. Felt in “New Species of Cecidomyiidae II,” p. 21, 
1907. A figure of the gall produced on choke cherry leaves is given 
in Thompson’s Illustrated Catalog of American Insect Galls (plate 8, 
figure 327) and this is reproduced in New York State Museum Bulletin 
200 (plate 11, figure 4) by Dr. Felt. 

The infested fruits of Crataegus on examination were found to have 
a fungous disease called Crataegus rust or quince rust, Gymnosporan- 
gium clavipes C. and P. According to Weimer (Cornell University 
Bull. 390) this disease is widely distributed in the eastern and central 


144 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 145 


United States and is sometimes of considerable economic importance 
on the quince. It attacks fruit, leaf petioles, stems and thorns of 
Crataegus, causing rough enlargements from which the long finger- 
like aecia begin to break out the last of July or first of August. The 
peridium or spore sac which covers the aecium is white and is filled 
with a mass of orange-colored aeciospores. ‘ 
These itonid larvae live among the aeciospores and feed upon them. 
Larvae collected August 1 were washed in alcohol to remove the spores 
adhering to their moist cuticula and examined under the microscope. 
_ The alimentary canal was found to be filled with the orange-colored 
spores, and these caused the larvae to appear orange. The larva is 
1.85 mm. long and 0.35 mm. broad at the middle when full grown. It 
does not show the characteristic “breast bone” so commonly seen on the 
larvae of this family. 
When infested fruit was placed on moist sand the larvae trans- 
formed to adults on the surface of the sand and when infested fruit 
was placed in a tin box with no earth or sand the larvae transformed 
on the bottom of the box. This seems to indicate that under natural 
conditions the larvae go to the surface of the ground to pupate. 
Larvae which were brought into the laboratory August 1 left the 
fruit within two days and emerged as adults August 12. Other larvae 
were found feeding on the spores in the field September 6 and October 
I, so that there are probably several generations a year. The insects 
are not present in the hypertrophied fruits during the winter, so it 
seems probable that they hibernate as pupae on the ground. 
The swellings due to this rust were found quite often at the bases 
of the thorns as well as on the fruit, and every one examined contained 
larvae. They were never found within the fruit or thorn itself, but 
always in the fungus. They were found on Crataegus neofluvialis, 
C. punctata, C. macracantha, C. pruinosa and C. tomentosa. The 
red cedar Juniperus virginiana is the alternate host of the rust and 
Crataegus trees near a red cedar are more liable to be infected than 
those farther from it—Watter H. WetLuouse, Dept. of Entomology, 
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 


Entomological Literature. 


COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 


‘Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
_tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of _ insects, 
~rate a at whether relating to American or exotic species, will be re- 
corded. 

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. 

All continued papeis, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 
first installments. 

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north 
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat. . 

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- 
tontology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- 
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 


4—-Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 5—Psyche, Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 9—The Entomologist, London. 10—Proceedings 
of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 11—Annals 
and Magazine of Natural History, London. 15—Insecutor Insci- 


140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | May, ‘19 


tiae Menstruus, Washington, D. C. 16—The Lepidopterist, Salem, 
Mass. 1%—Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 18—Ottawa Naturalist, 
Ottawa, Can. 24—Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 
Paris. 25-—Bulletino della Societa Entomologica Itaiiana, Firenze. 
28—Emtomologisk Tidskrift, Uppsala. 29—Proceedings of the Lin- 
nean Society of New South Wales, Sydney. 52—Zoologischer 
_ Anzeiger, Leipsic. 76—Nature, London. 82—The Ohio Journal of 
Science, Columbus. 89—Zoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 90—The 
American Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa. 91—The Scientific Monthly, 
Lancaster, Pa. 92—Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Gen- 
erale, Paris. 98—Bulletin, Division of the Natural History Survey, 
Urbana, Illinois. 

GENERAL. Bradley, J. C—An entomological cross-section of 
the U. S. 91, viii, 356-77 (cont.). Calvert, P. P—An appeal from 
Belgium. 4, 1919, 62-3. Crampton, G. C.—-Evolution of arthropods 
and their relatives with especial reference to insects. 90, liii, 143- 
79. Davis, J. J—Contributions to a knowledge of the natural ene- 
mies of Phyllophaga. 98, xiii, 53-138. Felt, E. P.—Insect galls 
and gall insects. 18, xxxii, 127-31. Godman, F. D.— Obituary 
notice. 9, 1919, 71-2; 76, ciii, 5-6. Holmgren, N.—Zur vergleichen- 
den anatomie des gehirns ... Arachniden . . . Myriapoden 
und Insekten. (Kung. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. lvi, No. 1.). 
Knab, F.—Obituary by Caudell, Busck, Howard [with bibliog- 
raphy]. 10, xxi, 41-52. Tillyard, R. J—The panorpoid complex. 
A study of the phylogeny of the holometabolous insects with spe- 


cial reference to .. . Panorpoidea and Neuropteroidea. The 
wing coupling apparatus with special reference to the lepidoptera. 
Wing trichiation . . . 29, xliii, 265-319; 626-57. 


PHYSIOLOGY, GENETICS, ETC. Nabours, R. K.—Parthe- 
nogenesis and crossing-over in the grouse locust, Apotettix. 90, 
liii, 131-42. 

ARACHNIDA AND MYRIAPODA. Brade-Birks, H. K. & S&S. 
G.—Notes on Myriapoda: Some observations on nomenclature. 
11, iii, 253-6. Dalmas, C—Synopsis des araignees de la famille des 
Prodidomidae. 24, Ixxxvii, 279-288 (cont.). Muller, A—Ein bei- 
trag zur kenntnis der weibchen der subfamilie Phalangiini. 89, 
xli, Ab. f. Syst., 535-80. Patten, B. M.—Photoreactions of partially 
blinded whip-tail scorpions. (Jour. Gen. Physiology, Baltimore, i, 
435-58.). 

NEUROPTERA. Whitehouse, F. C.—Dragonflies of Alberta 
(with descriptive notés as a means -to identification). (Alberta 
Nat. Hist. Soc., Red Deer, 16 pp.). 

ORTHOPTERA. Morse, A. P.—New records of O. in New 
England. 5, xxvi, 16-18. 


Giglio-Tos, E.—Mantidi esotici; 25, xlviii, 43-108. 


Vol. xxx | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147 


HEMIPTERA. Parshley, H. M.—New England Hemiptera- 
Heteroptera, new records. 4, 1919, 70-2. Tullgren, A.—Zur mor- 
phologie und systematik der Hemipteren, I. 28, XXxix, 113-33. 


LEPIDOPTERA. Buckholtz, O.—On the larvae of Datana 
chirignensis. 16, iii, 102. Dean, F. R—Catocala season of 1918 in 
St. Louis County, Missouri. 17, iii, 18-19. Dognin, P.—-Heteroceres 
nouveaux de l’Amerique du Sud. Fasc. xvi, xv. Dyar, H. G—. 
Some Tropical American Phycitinae. Some Tropical American 
moths. 15, vii, 40-63; 74-85. Ellsworth, A—Butterfly names. 17, 
iii, 19-21. Hampson, G. F.—Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the 
subfamilies Crambinae and Siginae [some neotropical]. 11, iii, 
275-92 (cont.). Hufnagel, A.—Recherches histologiques sur la 
metamorphose d’un lepidoptere (Hyponomenta padelia). 92, Ivii, 
47-202. Walker, F. H.—Synchronous movements in Vanessa anti- 
opa larvae, with notes on the attractions of certain male L. by the 
females of their own species. 5, xxvi, 13-16. 


Busck, A.—Two [new] microlepidoptera injurious to strawberry. 
10, xxi, 52-3. Cassino, S. E—A new Catocala. An undescribed 
form of Catocala aspasia. 16, ili, 99; 103. Heinrich, C—A new 
Olethreutid from New York. 15, vii, 65-6. 


DIPTERA. Barret, H. P.—Observation on the life history of 
Aedes bimaculatus. 15, vii, 63-4. Cockerell, T. D. A.—The oldest 
mosquitoes. 76, ciii, 44. Cole, F. R.—The cyrtid genera Thyllis 
and Megalybus. 4, 1919, 54-62. Dyar, H. G—A note on Argentine 
mosquitoes. 15, vii, 85-9. Dyar & Knab—New sps. of tropical 
American mosquitoes. 15, vii, 1-9. Koch, A.—Studien an larven 
von Culex pipiens bei der submersion. 52, 1, 105-111. Melin, D. 
-_Nagra tankar om mimicry och skyddande likhet med stod av 
dipterologiska studier. 28, xxxix, 239-94. 


Dyar, H. G~—A note on Lesticocampa, and a new sp. [neotropi- 
cal]. Westward extension of the Canadian mosquito fauna. 15, 
vii, 9-11; 11-39. Johnson, C. W.—WNew sps. of the genus Villa (An- 
thrax) [Bombylidae]. 5, xxvi, 11-13. McAtee, W. L.-—Notes on 
the nearctic Nusa (Asilidae). 82, xix, 244-8. 


COLEOPTERA. Barber, H. S.—Avocado seed weevils. 10, 
xxi, 53-60. Metcalf, C. L—A malformed Leptinotarsa decemline- 


- ata. 5, xxvi, 9-10. 


HYMENOPTERA. Lovell, J. H—The flower and the bee. 
Plant life and pollination. (New York. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 
1918.). Wheeler, W. M.—Two gynandromorphous ants. 5, xxvi, 
1-9.- Wolff, M.—Proctotrupiden-gattung Lagynodes. 89, xli,- Abt- 
f. Syst., 581-606. - 


148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | May, *19 


“THE Wincs oF Insects,” by J. H. Comstock, Emeritus Professor 
of Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology in Cornell Univer- 
sity. 4to, pp. XVIII.+430, plates i-x, figs. 1-427, and Bibliography. 

Published by the Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N. Y. Price $3.75. 
_ This fine volume marks the completion of the edifice which has been 
its author’s life’s work, viz., the study of the wings, and in particular 
the wing-venation, of insects. Though there are still some conserva- 
tive entomologists who refuse to accept the Comstock-Needham system 
of notation for the wing-veins of. insects; their number must be 
rapidly decreasing, and the system is indispensable to any student who 
would work beyond the limits of a single order. 

Amongst the many fine chapters in this book, the author himself 
would probably be the first to acknowledge that the most important is 
that on the basal connections of the tracheae of the wings, by R. N. 
Chapman, M.A.—a quite original piece of work which stamps its 
author as one of the finest entomological dissectors of the age. Origin- 
ally the study of these basal connections, as well as of the specializa- 
tions at the bases of the veins themselves, was greatly neglected. In 
the present volume, a great advance has been made in overcoming this; 
but it is evident that much more remains to be done, and we must 
not accept this book as in any way the final decision on many im- 
portant points. It is, perhaps, especially to be regretted that the au- 
thor should have attempted to fix a single type of venation, with a 
definite number of branches, as the original possession of the first 
insects; for any student of the Palaeozoic fossils can only come to 
the conclusion that there was nothing more variable from the very 
first, than the number of branches of each of the main veins. In 
working from this type, and so determining every known type of vena- 
tion in terms of it, the author falls into some grave errors of which, 
perhaps, the most serious is the determination to keep the cubitus 
two-branched in the Lepidoptera, the extra basal branch being ex- 
plained as the first analis migrated over to join the cubitus. By this, 
the obvious homologies of the cubital branches in the Lepidoptera, 
with those of the older Megaloptera, Mecoptera and Planipennia, are 
entirely lost sight of. 

The removal of the Micropterygidae beaks the Lepidoptera to the 
Trichoptera is the most drastic change from accepted classification 
proposed in the book. It is a good example of the kind of conclusion 
that can sometimes be reached by considering only one set of charac- 
ters, and ignoring all the rest. But even from the point of view of 
wing-venation it is scarcely defensible, for a careful study of the fresh- 
ly turned pupae of any of the older families of Lepidoptera will show 
that their wing-tracheation agrees closely with that of Microptery-, 
particularly in the different courses of Cu and 1A in fore and hind 
wings. Moreover, the pupal wing of Micropteryx has a complete trache- 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149 


ation; the imaginal wings have broad, well developed scales of a higher 
type than any found in the Trichoptera; the forewing does not possess 
a separate M4; and the hind wing has a definite frenulum. In all these 
points this family is definitely Lepidopterous.. Neither the larval form 
nor the imaginal mouth-parts are Trichopterous, so that there is really 
no justification for so radical a change, which must remain as a serious 
blemish in a fine work. 

_ The most complete and detailed chapter is that upon the wings of the 
Neuroptera, in which much splendid original work is displayed. But 
here, more than anywhere else, the mistake of trying to work back to 
the supposed ancestral type is most evident, and a reference tu the 
known Triassic and Liassic fossils, almost all of which are ¢losely 
and densely veined, should have convinced the aythor that his theory 
was wrong in detail. Consequently, we have the statement made that 
Hemerobius is an archaic genus and Megalomus highly specialized, 
whereas the reverse is certainly the case; the Mantispidae are dealt 
with quite “in the air,” instead of with their close allies, the Chry- 
sopidae and Berothidae; and the Apochrysidae likewise. 

In contrast with this, the painstaking working-out of the heteroneur- 
ism in the Myrmeleontoid families, without the aid of the pupal 
tracheation of the older families, is worthy of the highest praise; 
more recent studies of these pupae in Atstralia show Comstock’s 
work to be correct in almost every particular. 

There is one striking omission in the book, viz., the neglect to 
utilize the wing-trichiation as an aid to homologies. The importance 
of this cannot be over-estimated, especially in those orders in which 
the pupal tracheation fails, as in the Mecoptera, Trichoptera and 
Diptera. This failure accounts for two serious errors, viz., the in- 
terpretation of the limits of the media and cubitus in Merope and also 
in Rhyphus (and consequently in all Diptera). In both cases, an 
oblique vein carrying strong macrotrichia has been interpreted as a 
cross-vein, when, as a matter of fact, it is the basal piece of a branch 
of a main vein. 

It should be noted that the author tacitly throws overboard the 
untenable “Meyrick’s Law,” which he espoused and christened in a 
much earlier work. Nearly all the original work in this book is a 
witness of the fallacy of this supposed “law.” But perhaps it would 
have been better to have stated definitely the author’s changed con- 
ception. It is harder to explain the failure of the author to deal with 
the unbranched radius theory in the Order Odonata; whether he agrees 
with it or not, he should surely not have ignored it completely, as he 
has done. 

But when all these criticisms have been made, it remains to be said 
that the book is a magnificent piece of work, and well worthy of the 
labor that its talented author has spent upon it. To all entomologists 


150 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS. | May, ’19 


who would progress beyond the general level of stagnation, this book 
should be an absolute necessity; and the more of them who “read, 
mark, learn and inwardly digest” its contents, the better it will be for 
the future progress of Entomology. 

The general appearance of the book could not be improved upon, 
the type being very clear, and. the plates and text-figures as fine as 
we have seen. Only those who know the great difficulty involved in 
producing even only a moderately good photograph of a delicate wing- 
tracheation, can really appreciate the immense amount of skilled labor 
that must have gone to the making of the illustrations in this book. 
Plate I is a perfect masterpiece of technical art.—R. J. Trtityarp. 


Doings of Societies. 


American Entomological Society. 

_ Stated and annual meeting, December 9, 1918, in the hall of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Vice President J. A. 
G. Rehn in the chair; fifteen persons present. The annual reports 
were read. The Publication Committee reported that Volume 44 of 
the Transactions had been completed, but that the Memoirs for 1918 
had been. delayed by war conditions. The death of Mr. Benjamin 
Hayes Smith, a member of long standing, was announced, together 
with the fact that his collection of Coleoptera had been given by him 
to the University of Pennsylvania some months previous to his death. 

The meeting then proceeded to ballot for officers and committees 
for the year 1919, resulting in the following elections: President— 
Henry Skinner, Vice-President—J. A. G. Rehn, Corres. Sec’y—Mor- 
gan Hebard, Recording Sec’y—Geo. M. Greene, Treasurer—E. T. 
Cresson. Publication Committee—J. A. G. Rehn, E. T. Cresson, P. P. 
Calvert. Finance Committee, J. A. G. Rehn, D. M. Castle, Morgan 
Hebard. Property Committee—E. T. Cresson Jr., Morgan Hebard, 
Philip Laurent—Capt. R. C. WititaAMs, Recording Secretary. 


Feldman Collecting Social. 

Meeting of February 19, I919, at the home of H. W. Wenzel, 5614 
Stewart St., Philadelphia; six members present. Pres. H. W. Wenzel 
in the chair. 

Coleoptera. Mr. Wenzel recorded, for J. Wagener Green, the 
finding of Phyllotreta armoraciae Koch at Easton, Pennsylvania, and 
read Chittenden’s account from /nsect Life, vii, p. 404, 1895, of the 
first record of this “horse-radish flea-beetle” found within a quarter 
of a mile of the Columbian Exposition ‘Grounds at Chicago, Illinois. 
He exhibited his own specimens, which are from Okanchee, Wis- 
consin. General discussion followed.—Gro. M. GREENE, Sec’y. 


At de 
Pe 


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ces 


ENT. News, Vol. XXX. 


a 


oy 


EC VD, 


BUPRESTIDAE FROM 


1, 2, Acmaeodera sinuata. 


3, A. sinuata sex-notata. 
4, A. wenzell. 


} 
i. 
; 


Plate VII. 


WH 


WESTERN UNITED STATES.—VAN DYKE. 


5, A. wheelert. 
6, A. cubaecola. 
7, A. marginenotata. 


8, A. pubiventris. 
9, A. pubriventris var lanata. 


SR ee 


One Renters oe 


Oe ce ld 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


AND 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XXX. JUNE, tg1Q. No. 6. 
CONTENTS: 

VanDyke— New Species of Buprestidae Metcalf—Eumerus strigatus again 
(Col.) from the Western United (Dip Syrphidae ye eis ucv ces es oe 170 
States, with Supplementary notes Schaus—A new Amastus from Argen- 
BONRCELIINE OLNETS <yii54 os eckiga see's I5I tina: (Lep., Arctiidae). .....05. 2. 174 

Winn—Argynnis apacheana Skinner Editorial—A League of Nations Means 
and Edwards’ Plates of A. nokomis the Metric Systeny sis 5st o's oa 175 
PEED prses cee ase aws Cece vce ek ets e ses 156 | Editorial—Stop Thief! ................ 175 

eaivert-O donata Zygoptera from Entomological Literature ............. 176 
RHA OIS roc sess cece tc eocedoeucvee 160 Doings of Societies—Ent. Sec., Acad. 

Emerton—The Flights of Spiders in Nat. Sci. (Orth., Lep.) .. - 179 
the Autumn of 1918(Arach., Aran.) 165 Feldman Collecting Social ‘(Dip.. ‘ 

Tillyard—A Further Note on the Wing- Lepid Coleop, )s ioss canes ieee cence 179 
Coupling Apparatus in the Family - Obituary—Eliza BKlAG eS) cease sects 180 
Micropterygidae (Lep.)............ 168 

Lindsey—A New Skipper from South 
America (Lepid., Hesperidae) .... 169 


New Species of Buprestidae (Col.) from the Western 
United States, with Supplementary 


notes concerning others. 
By Epwin C. Van Dyke, University of California, pea 
California. 
. (Plate VII.) 

This paper embodying the descriptions of certain new species 
and notes pertaining to others, will constitute the third short 
paper dealing with the Buprestidae which I have written. It 
is presented like the previous ones”? with the idea of 
increasing our knowledge of this interesting family. 


1“New Species of Buprestidae (Col.) from the Pacific States,” by 
Edwin C. Van Dyke, Entomological News, Vol. xxvii (1916), pp. 
405-412. 

2“New Species of Buprestidae (Col.) from the Pacific States,” by 


Edwin C. Van Dyke, Entomological News, Vol. xxix (1918), pp. 53-58. 


151 


152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | June, 19 


Acmaeodera sinuata n. sp. (Pl. VII, fig. 1). 

Form moderately depressed, bronzed, clothed with rather long erect 
hair which is black on the disc of elytra, apex of pronotum, and base 
of head, white on anterior part of head, basal part of pronotum, and 
sides of elytra, thorax without yellow side markings, each elytron with 
a broad yellow lateral band, somewhat roseate on inner margin, com- 
mencing at the humeri, at first as a narrow marginal band, then sud- 
denly broadening and continuing as such with a sinuate inner border 
to near the apex. 

Head rather densely, coarsely punctured and sulcate, clypeus broadly 
and moderately deeply emarginate; thorax twice as wide as long, 
apex slightly bisinuate, base truncate, sides slightly arcuate, broadest 
one-third distance in front of base, and narrowed at apex, margin 
narrow, only partly visible from above, surface somewhat densely and 
coarsely punctured, a slight median basal impression and oblique 
lateral. 

Elytra as wide at base as the thorax, sides subparallel from base 
to beyond the middle, thence gradually narrowed to apex, margin 
serrate posteriorly, disc convex, punctato-striate, punctures moderately 
coarse, intervals with single row of punctures somewhat less than half 
as prominent as those of striae. 

Body beneath bronzed, coarsely and closely punctured over thorax, 
rather finely and sparsely on abdomen, moderately clothed with rather 
long white hair, the anterior prosternal margin sinuate, the last ventral 
bluntly rounded and without carina. 

Length 9 mm., breadth 3.25 mm. 


This very distinct species belongs in the emarginate group 
as defined by both Horn® and Fall,* though some specimens 
show a tendency toward having a trisinuate prosternal margin. 
The facies of the species is also somewhat like that of A. 
jocosa Fall in the sinuate group and the markings suggestive 
of those given in the description of A. horni Fall. It how- 
ever belongs near A. prorsa Fall, but differs from that as well 
as from A. horni Fall by lacking the broadly dilated prothorax 
and cuneate form. Its markings will enable it to be readily 
separated from all of our other species. The markings are 
not constant, though, for the yellow band may have its inner 
margin almost straight, as shown in Fig. 2, or be broken, form- 


3 “Revision of the Species of Acmaeodera of the United States,” by 
George H. Horn, M.D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. vii (1878), pp. 2-27. 
4“Synopsis of Species of Acmaeodera of America, North of Mex- 
ico,” by H. C. Fall, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., Vol. vi (1899), pp. 1-37. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 153 


ing spots as in the variety described below. Intergrades how- 
ever exist which link them all together. 

The species so far as I know is confined to California, 
though widely distributed there as well as uncommon. I have 
seen one specimen from the Sierra Madre Mountains of Los 
Angeles County, collected July 6, 1912, by J. C. Bridwell and 
now in the collection of the Division of Entomology, Univer- 
sity of California; five from near Placerville, including speci- 
mens collected by H. E. Burke, F. H. Herbert, and the type, 
one from Hullville, Lake County, collected by L. R. Reynolds, 
and three from Los Gatos, collected by F. H. Herbert. The 
material secured by Mr. Burke and Mr. Herbert was taken on 
Ceanothus cuneatus Nutt. 

Type in my own collection, collected above Placerville along 
the Placerville road, El Dorado County, June 9, 1906, by F. W. 
Nunenmacher and by him kindly presented to me. 

Acmaeodera sinuata sex-notata n. subsp. (PI. VII, fig. 3). 

Like typical form except proportionately broader and with the lat- 
eral yellow band broken up into large spots. These are situated, one 
just posterior to the humeri, a second at ahout the middle of the sides, 
and a third between that and apex with a trace of a fourth slightly 
posterior to the last. The three large spots are all somewhat trans- 
verse, extending from the margin of the elytra inwards to almost the 


second stria in the case of the first, almost to the third stria in. the 
second, and to the third in the third. Length 9.5 mm., breadth 4 mm. 


This variety superficially resembles in size, shape and mark- 
ings typical forms of A. robusta Horn. It can however readily 
be distinguished from that by lacking the yellow spots of the 
thorax as well as by its more bronzed elytra and less sinuate 
anterior margin to prosternum. While all the specimens in the 
lot from which the type was taken are broad, others have been 
seen which were of the exact shane of typical sinuata. These 
were also taken in company with the latter. I have seen four 
‘specimens of the broad form in the collection of Dr. F. E. 
Blaisdell and know that Mr. L. R. Reynolds also possesses 
some six or eight taken at the same time and place as the type 
and from Ceanothus cuneatus Nutt , and two specimens of the 
narrower phase in the collection of Mr. H. E. Burke, both 


154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


bred from Ceanothus cuneatus Nutt. that was secured from 
Placerville. 


Type in my own collection, collected at Hullville, Lake 
County, Cal., June 14-17, 1917, by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, to whose 
generosity I am indebted for the same. Paratypes are in Dr. 
Blaisdell’s collection. 


Acmaeodera wenzeli n. sp. (Pl. VII, fig. 4). . 

Form elongate, subparallel, slightly depressed, bronzed, elytra with a 
bluish tinge, sparsely covered above with moderately long, erect, black 
hair, changing to white laterally, prothorax unicolorous, each elytron 
with three distinct yellow maculations placed as follows: One triangular 
blotch placed halfway between base and apex and extending slightly 
forward along margin and inwardly four intervals from the margin, a 
second fascia between this and apex and extending from the third 
stria obliquely outward almost to margin, the third a small spot placed 
subapically and on the third and fourth intervals (in my specimen 
there is also a fourth spot on right elytron between the second and 
third maculation). . 

Head moderately coarsely and sparsely punctate, no frontal carina, 
clypeus deeply semicircularly emarginate, antennae with fifth joint 
suddenly dilated; thorax less than twice as wide as long, apex and 
base subtruncate, sides rounded in front, parallel and straight for 
posterior two thirds, margin fine, not visible from above, disc with a 
slight median basal impression and a deeper one each side midway 
between this and the posterior angles, the latter the terminations of 
shallow oblique lateral impressions, the disc rather finely and sparsely 
punctate and the sides coarsely and cribrately punctured. 

Elytra as wide at base as the thorax, umbones feebly prominent, 
sides slightly sinuate to posterior two-thirds where elytra are widest, 
thence gradually convergent and rounded to apex. margin slightly ser- 
rate posteriorly, disc somewhat convex, striae finely impressed anteri- 
orly, quite deeply posteriorly, and with rather coarse punctures basally 
and fine apically, intervals flat and with a single series of fine punc- 
tures. 

Body beneath coarsely, densely punctured anteriorly, finely, sparsely 
over abdomen, clothed with long white hair, the anterior margin of 
prosternum subtruncate, the last ventral with distinct subapical carina. 

Length 9.25 mm., breadth 3.25 mm. 


This species belongs with the species having a truncate pro- 
sternal margin and is close to A. consors Horn, from which it 
differs by having a different type of maculation as well as a 
diverse shape, particularly in respect to the prothorax, and 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155 


another style of punctuation. The unicolored thorax as well 
as the deeply emarginate clypeus will always enable this to be 
separated from the darker and narrower phases of A. pul- 
chellus Herbst and its allies. : 

Type in my collection, collected in the Chisos Mountains, 
Texas, July 19, by Mr. H. A. Wenzel and kindly presented to 
me by his father, Mr. H. W. Wenzel, after whom I take pleas- 
ure in naming it. Two other specimens are now in the collec- 
tion of Mr. Wenzel. 


Acmaeodera wheeleri n. sp. (PI. VII, fig. 5). 

Form elongate, subparallel and subcylindrical, head and jrothorax 
markedly bronzed, the latter with a small obscure yellow spot near 
posterior angles, the elytra a deep blue, each elytron with two rows of 
large yellow spots, the discal with four, one subbasal, one subapical 
and two between equally ‘distant from each other and_ the 
nearest of these, the marginal with three spots which practically alter- 
nate with the discal, the head and thorax clothed with short white 
semi-erect squamulose hairs, the elytra with rows of short white semi- 
erect setae, the latter arising from the punctures of the elytral inter- 
vals. 

Head coarsely, shallowly, cribrately punctured, the clypeus rather 
deeply emarginate, antennae with fifth joint suddenly dilated; thorax 
two-thirds as long as broad, base truncate and apex bisinuate, broader 
at base than apex and broadest at middle, sides evenly though slightly 
arcuate, margin narrow and concealed from above, surface closely, 
evenly, cribrately punctured, three basal foveae, one at middle, the 
other at either side and midway between middle and posterior angles. 

Elytra twice as long as wide, as wide at base as the thorax, umbone 
feebly prominent, sides slightly sinuate in front and gradually nar- 
rowed from just beyond middle to apex, margins moderately serrate 
posteriorly, disc convex, striae deeply impressed, especially near suture 
and at the sides, and punctured with large approximate punctures, the 
inner intervals slightly flattened, the outer convex, with single row of 
fine punctures down the centre from which project short semi-erect 
setae. 

Body beneath rather coarsely, closely punctured anteriorly, more 
finely and sparsely over abdomen, densely clothed with white recum-: 
bent squamulose hairs, the anterior margin of prosternum truncate, 
the last ventral with a short subapical carina. Length 9.5 mm., width 
3 mm. 


This elegant and very distinct species likewise belongs with 
the species having a truncate prosternal margin. It should be 


156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


placed next to A. cribricollis Horn with which it agrees in gen- 
eral size, form and in regard to the cribrate type of prothoracic 
punctuation. It, however, differs markedly from this in regard 
to its coloration, the type of vestiture, and so on, and bears no 
resemblance whatever to any of our other North American 
species. 

Type and paratype in my collection, collected in the Sabino 
Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, July 23, 1917, by 
Prof. W. M. Wheeler and by him kindly presented to me. Sev- 
eral other specimens are now in Prof. Wheeler’s possession. 


The species is named in honor of its captor. 
(To be continued.) 


<4O%> 
=<—or- 


Argynnis apacheana Skinner and Edwards’ Plates of 
A. nokomis (Lep.). 
By ALBERT F. Winn, Montreal, Canada. 


It is not without a certain amount of fear and trembling that 
I venture to make a few remarks on a species of this most per- 
plexing genus of butterflies. 

Under the name of A. nokomis Edw. we acquired last month 
for the collection of the Lyman Entomological Room, McGill 
University, a perfect pair of the species, which has been known 
under that name until a few months ago when Dr. Hy. Skinner 
rechristened it as Argynnis apacheana.* 

There seems to be no doubt that he is correct in his contention 
that the single male specimen that Edwards received in 1862 and 
described in the Froceedings of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences,? under the name of 4. nokomis, is identical with 
what he afterwards described as A. nitocris® from another 
single male example, and that, therefore, A. nitocris Edw. 
becomes a synonym of A. nokomis Edw.—leaving the species 
described as A. nokomis, with figure showing both sexes and 
upper and lower surfaces in plate*—in need of a name, which 
Dr. Skinner has now supplied—apacheana. 

1Ent. News, X XIX, 67-68, Feb., 1918. 

2 Proceedings of the Acad. Nat. Sc. of Philadelphia, 1862, p. 221. 
‘(ene Am. Ent. Soc. V (not XV as quoted in Ent. News), p. 15 


4 Edwards, Butterflies of N. A., Vol. I, pl. IV of Argynnis, pp. 73- 
74; 1873 (not 1868). 


ere 


£ 
a 
3 
7 
4 
j 


as a RN ae hae 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157 


There is one statement made by Dr. Skinner which appears 
to need modification or explanation ; namely, that Edwards did 
not publish the plate drawn by D. Wiest, showing the male 
that he had described in 1862. . , 

In Vol. I, Butterflies of North America, p. 175, (following 
the author’s instructions regarding pencilling in the numbers 
for plates and text pages), is given a list of “Dates of Issue of 
Parts 1-10.” Part 1 reads as follows: “June, 1868, (on cover 
April, 1868) containing Argynnis Diana, A. cybele, A. aphro- 
dite, A. nokomis, A. atlantis.’ That the part was duly sent 
out is shown by the following quotation from The Canadian 


Entomologist under the heading of ‘Review of New Entomo- 


logical Works”’:° “The part contains 5 large 4to plates of these 
various species of Argynnis, viz., A. diana, cybele, aphrodite 
nokomis and atlantis, accompanied by descriptive letter press 
of a valuable character.” : 
In Kirby’s Catalogue® the reference to Argynnis nokomis 
Edw. reads: “Proc. Ac. Na. Sc., Phila., p. 221 (1862) But. of 
N. Am. I, iv (1868) ;” the locality is cited as Montana. 
Edwards, Synopsis,’ species 4, of Argynnis reads “nokomis 4 
Edw. Proc. Ac. Na. Sc., Phila., 1862, ¢But. N. A., pl. iv of 


_ Argynmis (1868).” 


It therefore seems quite evident that Part I, with its 5 plates, 
including that of nokomis, male only, drawn by D. Wiest, and 
accompanying letter-press for each, was duly forwarded to sub- 
scribers. 

A further reference to “Dates of Issue” shows Supplement, 
Jan., 1873, “containing new plates of Argynnis diana, A. noko- 
mis, A. leto.”” So it seems that, after five years elapsed since 
the plates of A. diana and A. nokomis were issued, new plates 
were made and sent out with new letter press likewise, but 
whether subscribers were requested or instructed to replace the 


originals by the revised ones or not I have no means of know- 


ing, but there seems no doubt both were issued; in fact, in the 


5 Can. Entom. I. pp. 22-23, Toronto, Oct. 15, 1868. 
6 Synonymical Catalogue of diurnal Lepidoptera, p. 157, 1871. 


7 Synopsis of N. A. Butterflies, p. 12, Phila., 1872, (also in reprint 
of 1879). 


158 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS. [ June, ’19: 


copy of But. N.-A., vol. I, before me, it is stated on p. 74, Ar- 
gynnis iv, line 15, “But the species is so superb that I have 
not hesitated to redraw the plate.” 

It would be interesting to those who possess copies of this 
magnificent work on North American Butterflies, if the Amer- 
ican Entomological Society, who published the first volume, 
and who, as Dr. Skinner tells us, still possessses the withdrawn 
plates, would say how they were withdrawn and whether they 
succeeded in getting them all back, or whether in some libraries 
exist copies with the original plates and text—others with the 
revised ones and perhaps a few with both. It seems not unlikely 
that at the time the few subscribers to Vol. I thoroughly under- 
stood the circumstances, but it certainly detracts from the 
present value of the work to find that alterations have been 
made without any notation, to say nothing of the paradox of re- 
ferring, in an article seemingly published in 1868, to specimens 
that were not born until 1871. Mr. Edwards himself seems 
to have forgotten the substitution of a later text and plate for 
the original, as in his Revised Catalogue,® p. 26, he refers to 
Butterflies of N. A., Vol. I, p. 73, pl. 23, 1868, instead of 1873! 

Fortunately this question of dates does not affect the stand- 
ing of the specific name, for the original description of A. no- 
komisé appeared in 1862. That the type specimen should have 
disappeared is regrettable. | 

Dr. Skinner asks for information re exact locality and dates, 
and the pair before us are labelled as having been taken at Rock- 
ville, So. Utah, in August. The collector’s name is not stated, 
but the specimens came from the collection of C. E. Worthing- 
ton, of Chicago, Illinois. In looking at the map of Utah for 
Kanab, the place referred to by Dr. Skinner as being the ship- 
ping point, whence came Mr. Neumoegen’s material, it may be 
seen that Rockville is only a few miles away, both places being 
close to the Arizona boundary. A single 9, which has been in 
my own collection for some 20 years, is labelled “Arizona,” and 
came from Mr. H. Peck and not improbably was received by 
him from Mr. Neumoegen. 


8 Revised Catalogue of the Diurnal Lepid. of Am. north of Mexico, 
1884. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159 


Among the scanty literature on this insect is the following on 
its capture in Mexico. which may interest some readers of this 
journal who have not access to a copy of the Biologia Centralt 
Americana.® 


A. nokomis W. H. Edw. 

Pro. Acad. N. S. Phila., 1862, p. 220 ¢.1 

But. N. A. I Arg. IV tabl (62). 

Snyder, Occ. Mems., Chicago Ent. Soc. I. 33, 1900.3 

North America, Rocky Mts.,! Bitter Root Mts.,2 Southern Utah,? 
Arizona.? ; 

Mexico, near Durango City (Becker). 

“Mr. Becker has sent us a single female specimen of this species 
from Durango. It differs from Edwards’ figures of that sex of A. 
nokomis and from Arizonan females in our collection, having rather 
more than the basal half of each wing almost uniformly fuscous be- 
tween the black spots, and on the secondaries beneath the silvery 
spots from the base to the middle obscure greenish ochreous coloring. 
The Mexican insect in this respect being almost intermediate betweeen 
the female of nokomis Edw. and A. leto Behr.” 


Note By HENRY SKINNER. 


There is not much that I can say about the question raised 
by Mr. Winn as to the withdrawal and replacement of plates 
issued in Volume I of Edwards’ Butterflies of North America. 
Mr. E. T. Cresson is the only person alive who had to do with 
the publication and he does not remember anything about it. 
‘It is likely that the figure of nokomis by Wiest was intended 
by Mr. Edwards to be replaced by what he subsequently called 
nokomis, drawn by Miss Mary Peart, as in the preface to the 
Third Series of the Butterflies of North America he says: 
“At first there was difficulty in finding an artist who could 
faithfully portray the butterfly on stone, and two were tried 
who were far from satisfactory. With Part Two (Argynnis 
V1) came in Miss Mary Peart, who has supported the work to 
this day.” An examination of a number of copies of the work 
would probably answer the question raised by Mr. Winn. © 
The female specimen mentioned in the Biologia Centrali- 
Americana I take to be what Dr. W. J. Holland described as 
Argynnis caerulescens. 


® Biol. Cent. Am. Lepid. Rhap. Vol. II, p. 674, 1901. 


160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


Odonata Zygoptera from Guatemala 
Collected by Messrs. William Schaus and John T. Barnes. 
By Puitre P. Catvert, University of Pennsylvania, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

This paper is essentially a continuation of that published in 
the News for February and March, 1919, to which reference 
should be made for general information concerning localities 
visited by the collectors. 

CALOPTERYGINAE. 


Hetaerina cruentata (Rambur). Chejel, June, 1917, 1 ¢. San 
Felipe, February, 1 Q. 


I postpone until a later occasion a consideration of the dif- 
ferences stated by Dr. Ris (Archiv. f. Naturges., 1916, A, 9, 
1918) to exist between the females of cruentata and caja. 


Hetaerina tricolor (Burmeister). Cayuga, bananas, October 29, 
2 2 (1 teneral), November 23, 1 ¢. QQuirigua, February 21, 1 
teneral ¢; forest, February 22, 1 teneral 9, March 30,1 9. All 
these specimens have well-developed pterostigmata. 

Hetaerina titia (Drury). Cayuga, April 20,1 ¢; edge of forest, 
April 30, 1 9; forest, May 3, 1 ¢, May 8, 1 9; in banana trail, 
May 25, 1917, 1 9; forest stream, May 29, 1 ¢; forest, June 1, first 
good rain yesterday, 1 92, “entirely black, white spots [= pterostig- 
mata] on tips’; forest, August 14, 1 teneral ¢; August 29, 1 
@. Quirigua, forest, March 30,1 ¢. The Cayuga male of Au- 
gust 29 has no pterostigma on any wing; all the other individuals 
of both sexes have this distinctly developed. 


Mr. Williamson (Ent. News, xxiii, pp. 98-101, March, 1912) 
has come to the conclusion “that in the United States one vari- 
able species hitherto known as Hetaerina titia and H. tricolor 
exists.” His evidence, which I am quite disposed to accept, 
refers only to the males. If these two nominal species are in 
reality variants of but one, we should find gradations from the 
females of tricolor to females of titia. In a key to the females 
of Hetaerina in the Biologia volume, page 21, I separated tri- 
color from a number of other species as follows: 

“bh. Metallic green on either side of the thoracic dorsum (mesepister- 

num) divided into two spots, the anterior contiguous to the mid- 


dorsal carina, the posterior separated from it by buff or brown, 
tricolor 


Bist 


ie a Res 


a aR N cae LA al ll ea ole Dee kL an 2S 


eR itp SE ARR 


EV RIES RZ Recipe t se 


_ 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 161 


bb. Metallic green of each mesepisternum continuous, contiguous to 
the mid-dorsal carina (or nearly so) throughout its entire length, 
titia and other species 
We should, then, find females in which the anterior and pos- 
terior metallic green spots of tricolor females approach and 
finally fuse with each other and some in which the posterior 
spot becomes connected with the mid-dorsal carina. The pres- 
ent Guatemalan material does not furnish any of these inter- 
gradations, but two females from the Rio Machuca, Costa 
Rica, January, 1907, by Prof. P. Biolley, cited on page 345 of 
the Biologia, afford some of the intermediate conditions sought 


for. 


One of them has the upper end of each posterior (superior) metallic 
green spot connected by a narrower curved stripe of metallic blue 
with a black line which runs contiguously to the whole length of the 
mid-dorsal carina; the distance between the anterior and posterior 
metallic green spots however is greater than the greatest dimension of 
the anterior spot. 

The other female has the posterior metallic green spot more broadly 
connected at its upper end with a narrow metallic green stripe which 
borders the black line that, as in the first female, runs contiguously 
to the whole length of the mid-dorsal carina; this narrow, bordering 
metallic green stripe unites with the postero-mesal angle of the anterior 
metallic green spot. This latter female suggests that a broadening 
laterad of the “narrow, bordering metallic green stripe’ may be the 
method by which the transition from the thoracic pattern of typical 
tricolor female to that of typical titia female is made. 

Hetaerina macropus Selys. Cayuga, forest stream, May 31,1 ¢. 
Escuintla, February, 1 ¢, July 10, 1 9. Mazatenango, in forest, 
July 19,1¢. ; 

The Escuintla ¢ has no stigma on one front and one hind wing, 
the 2 none on the right hind wing; in all three wings a more oblique 
thickened postnodal (postcubital) cross-vein represents the missing 
part. The female differs from the characters stated for macropus on 
page 347 of the Biologia volume (under H. capitalis 2) in that the 
metallic green stripe on the mesepimeron reaches to the upper end of 
the sclerite. Jf the differentials of the females of macropus and of 
capitalis there given be correct, one female (at least) from Cacao, 
Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, referred to macropus on page 346 of the 
volume should be corrected to capitalis. 

Hetaerina capitalis Selys. Cayuga, forest stream, May 31, 1 4, 


~“hody black, thorax with oblique dark brown streaks; base of 


162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


wings crimson, below with lilacine streak”; forest, June 4,1 @: 
Volcan Santa Maria, 5000 feet, April 19, ¢ 2 “in cop.” 

The lengths of the abdomens and hind wings of the three males 
and one female, respectively, are: 41.5, 29.5; 36.5, 27; 43, 35; 36, 34 
mm. All four specimens have pterostigmata. 

Cora marina Selys (race alcyone Selys?). Cayuga, near stream 
in bananas, May 28, 1 9, “Black with subdorsal dark grey inter- 
rupted streak. Ventrally dark grey.” Abd. 28, hind wing 26 mm, 
Front wings: from base to nodus 13.5, from nodus to apex 14 mm.; 
29 antenodals, the 11th thicker, 24 (right), 22 (left) postnodals; 
extreme length of the stigma 3.22, its costal edge 2.38 mm. The 
nasus is crossed by a median black band .35 mm. in width. The 
mid-dorsal black band on abdominal segments 2-7 is-wider on each 
segment than on that preceding and on all of them wider than 
the lateral pale band; in side view of the abdomen the half of this 
mid-dorsal black band that is visible is from one-sixth (on 2) and 
one-fourth (on 3), to one and one-half times (on 7), as wide as 
the pale lateral band. The black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe is at 
its narrowest place .59 mm. in width, and the black stripes on the 
humeral and first lateral sutures reach widths of .35 and .21 mm. 
respectively. 


This female is similar to Costa Rican females which I have 
referred* to marina or to forms intermediate between marina 
and alcyone, but is still smaller and with more black on all three 
regions of the body. Dr. Ris, writing of specimens of marina 
-from Panama and Bugabita in Panama, says: 

“Die Serie entspricht somit den kleinen Massen [der C. marina] 
bei Calvert, und bei Selys den Massen der C. alcyone (3. Addit, 
Synops. Calopt., p. 39, 1873, ¢ Bogota). Diese ist so gut wie sicher 


keine besondere Art, sondern mit diesen kleinen Exemplaren der C. 
marina identisch.” (Archiv f. Naturges., 1916, A, 9, p. 19, 1918.) 


LESTINAE. 


Lestes tenuatus Rambur. Cayuga, caught on verandah, May 24, 
1 9. “Thorax dark green with lateral black stripe, pale green below 
stripe. Abdomen olive brown above; fine whitish segmental lines 
antleriorlly and fine black lines posteriorly on each segment. 
Abd. whitish brown below.” 


Not previously recorded from Guatemala, although known 
both to the north and to the south. 


* Calvert, A. S. and P. P., 1917. A Year of Costa Rican Natura 
History, New York, Macmillan, p. 368. ; 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163 


AGRIONINAE, 

Megaloprepus coerulatus (Drury). Cayuga, forest, May 24, 1 4, 
May 28,1 6. Both specimens agree with the characters given for M. 
coerulatus coerulatus by Dr. Ris (Archiv. f. Naturges., 1916, A, 9, p. 
68, 1918). 

Pseudostigma aberrans Selys. Cayuga, April 19, 1 ¢, April 21, 
1 ¢; forest, May 27,1 ¢. Mazatenango, May, 1 Q. 

In all three males the false pterostigma stops short of reaching the 
end of the “median vein” (R) by a distance less than its own length, 
but its length is much less than in the material described in the Biologia 
volume, page 54, being on front and hind wings for the three males 
respectively, measured in a straight line from end to end on the wing- 
margin, 6, 7; 6, 6.5; 7, 7.5 mm. The number of cells in the first “row,” 
i. e. between C and R, is 14-24, and in the second “row,” i. e. between 


R and M1, is 3-7, front and hind wings affording nearly equal varia- 
tions. 


Pseudostigma accedens Selys. Quirigua, February 24, 1 2, abd. 
segs. 8-10 lacking. 

The false pterostigma occupies three rows of cells on both front 
and hind wings; hind wing 60 mm. 
_ Mecistogaster ornatus Rambur. Escuintla, February, 1 @. 

Mecistogaster modestus Selys. Cayuga, Rio Negro trail, forest, 
April 30, 14,192; forest, May 3, 1 teneral 9, June 7,19. Quirigua, 
March 10,1 ¢; forest, March, 1 teneral ¢. Purulha, forest, July 
7,1 ¢. Escuintla, forest; March, 1 teneral @. 


Some remarks on the taxonomy of this species subsequent to 
the publication of the Biologia volume will be found in Ent. 
News, xxii, p. 457, December, 1911, and by Dr. Ris, Archiv. f. 
Naturges., 1916, A, 9, p. 73, 1918. 

- Heteragrion tricellulare Calvert. Purulha, July 11,1 ¢. 

Heteragrion alienum Williamson (Occas. Papers, Mus. Zool. 
Univ. Mich., No. 68, p. 33, 1919). Cayuga, forest river, March 21, 
1916, 3 6, “all pale markings orange’; forest stream, April 5,1 ¢@ ; 
forest, May 3,1 ¢@; forest, June 4,1 ¢. 

Argia pulla Hagen. Cayuga, bananas, October 29,1 ¢. 

Argia oculata Hagen. Cayuga, forest, April 25,1 6,19. The @ 
has the labrum black with two small pale spots, no pale mid-dorsal 
or inferior longitudinal lines or stripes on abdominal segment 5 but 
the mesostigmal lamina agrees with figure 11, pl. IV of the Bio- 
logia. 

Argia difficilis Selys. Cayuga, April 19, 1 2; Quirigua, forest, 
March, 1 9. 


Prof. Foerster has remarked (Archiv. f. Naturges., 8oter 
Jahrg., 1914, Abt. 2, 2 Heft, p. 66): 


164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. — [June, ’19 


In Synopsis des Agrionines hat De Selys ein Q als A. difficilis be- 
schrieben, von Jurimaguas in Peru. Calvert identifiziert damit eine 
Argia vom oculata-Typus von Zentral-Amerika, Kolombia und Ekua- 
dor. Ich halte diese aber fiir die typische oculata. Selys beschreibt 
-letztere von Venezuela. Ich besitze Ecuador-Exemplare, welche mit 
Hagens Abbildung in den Appendices iibereinstimmen. Von Madre de 
Dios in Peru liegt ein Mannchen vor, welches ich fir typischer halte 
als Calverts Exemplare. 


From his description of this male I quote only the ieee: 

Pterostigma rhomboid, Innenseite und Aussenseite ziemlich gleich, 
die hintere kaum langer, Vorderseite etwa 6/5 der hintern. 

Prof. Foerster says nothing as to whether his Madre de Dios 
male is conspecific with de Selys’ female type of difficilis, and 
until this is positively ascertained one cannot be sure that he 
has correctly identified his specimen. In favor of his view, 
indeed, is de Selys’ statement: “‘ptérostigma brun, plus foncé au 
centre, rhomboidal aussi long que large, surmontant une cel- 
lule,”’ whereas in the specimens which I have regarded as diffi- 
cilis the stigma is longer than wide, as the following measure- 
ments show: 

“Difficilis’ 9, Cayuga, April 19, fore wing, stigma, anterior side .9, 
posterior side .9, proximal side .78, distal side .78 mm. These measure- 
ments were all made from the outside of the enclosing veins; cor- 
responding measurements of the same stigma made fnside the en- 
closing veins are .78, .78, .55, .61 mm. 

“Difficilis” 9, Quirigua, March: .86, .9, .77, .65 (.78, .69, .53, .53) mm. 

“Difficilis” ¢, Bucay, Ecuador: .86, .86, .57, .61 (.77, .60, .45, .49) mm. 

Oculata &, Cayuga, April.25: .82, .82, .61, .61 (.60, .65, .49, .49) mm. 

Oculata 2, Cayuga, April 25: .94, .06, .77, .65 (.82, .82, .61, .57) mm. 

Dr. Ris (Archiv. f. Naturges., 1916, A, 9, p. 107, 1918) has 
accepted my interpretation of difficilis and makes no reference 
to the views of Prof. Foerster; it is of interest to note that he 
quotes I ¢, 2 2, Oberer Madre de Dios, Peru, as of A. ocu- 
lata (t. c., pp. 105-6). 

Argia cuprea Hagen. Cayuga, January, 1918, ¢ 2 “in cop.”; they 
are of the “form a” of Dr. Ris (Archiv f. Naturges, 1916, A, 9, pp. 
110-112, 1918). 

Argia extranea Hagen. Purulha, October, 1 9. 


Acanthagrion gracile (Rambur). Quirigua, March 1, 1915, 1 ¢. 
Like other Central American and Mexican examples, this will 


ee Re ee ee ae a oe 
‘ 


eee a eee ee ee 


ete Pea 


a ee a bee 


aaa ih 


<i i las a corm a 


Vol. xxx! ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165 


probably require another specific name when the penis of the type 
of gracile shall have been examined. 

Telebasis digiticollis Calvert. Cayuga, house, October 25,1 9. 

Metaleptobasis bovilla Calvert. Cayuga, house, September 2, 
1917, 1 ¢. . 

The single (type) ¢ was imperfect, wherefore the following: 
rhinarium and labium yellow, antennal joints following the second 
very slender, blackish. Prothorax orange, unmarked, hind lobe 
low, convex, apparently entire. The transverse basal pale rings on 
abdominal segments 2-8. Ultra-nodal sector (Mia) arising at the 
ninth postnodal on the hind wings (11 postnodals in hind wings), 


‘upper sector of triangle (Cul) ending at level of eighth or ninth 


postnodal (front wings) or eighth (hind wings). 

Mr. Williamson also has described a single male of this spe- 
cies from near Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, taken June 23, 1909. 
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 48, pp. 602, 604, 1915.) 

Palaemnema sp. Cayuga, forest, April 25, 1 teneral 9, abd. segs. 
7-10 lacking. 

Neoneura aaroni Calvert. Cayuga, house, bath-room, August 28, 


1 6, of the very young stage (a) of the original description (Bio- 
logia, p. 139), the hind wing a little longer, (18 mm.). 


This species has not been found previously south of Texas. 
Additional figures have been published by Mr. Williamson 
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xliii, p. 241, 1917). 


The Flights of Spiders in the Autumn of 1918 
(Arach., Aran.). — 


By J. H. Emerton, Boston, Massachusetts. 


The Indian summer of 1918 came on early, and continued 
in periods of two or three days at short intervals until the last 
of November. October 9 was one of the first of these days, 
and at noon eight species of spiders were noticed on garden 
fences in Cambridge, Massachusetts, some of them making ef- 
forts to fly. Favorable weather continuing the next day, I went | 
to my usual autumn hunting ground at Readville, just south 
of Boston, where a long stretch of wire fences furnish landing 
places for the spiders flying from several miles of marsh along 
the Neponset River. Twenty-eight species of spiders were 


found between the hours of ten and twelve, most of them of 


166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


species that might have been swept from the tall grass and low 
bushes of the neighboring fields at any time during the sum- 
mer. The only adults were six species of Attidae, but one of 
them, Zygoballus terrestris, a regular autumn flyer. The small 
Linyphiadae, which are so characteristic of the late autumn 
flights, were entirely absent. The flying went on several days 
of the following week, and on October 17 twenty-six species 
were taken, three of them adult Attidae, and eight adult small 
Linyphiadae that live in the summer near the ground, among 
grasses and other low plants. As the season went on the 
number of Linyphiadae increased and that of the Attidae and 
Thomisidae diminished, only Xysticus quadrilineatus continu- 
ing through the season, with Misumena asperata abundant the 
first two weeks. Tmeticus bostoniensis and Diplostyla albo- 
ventris came in on October 17 and, opposite certain fields, con- 
tinued abundant through the season. 

Of the regular fliers the young of all the species of Pirata 
and Pardosa increased in numbers until the very last of the 
season, and at all times there were some individuals of Epeira 
prompta, Epeira displicata, Singa variabilis, Anyphoena rubra 
and Dolomedes sexpunctatus. The largest number of species 
and of individuals was taken on November 8, when there were 
adults of twelve species of Linyphiadae and young of two 
others, with great numbers of young Lycosidae of all kinds. 

The best flying weather of the season occurred November 
16 between 9.30 and 10.30 A. M., when a hundred spiders of 
the species listed under that date ‘were taken. At that time 
there was no wind that could be felt, and several half-grown 
Pardosa were seen to rise vertically from fence posts until out 
of sight. At 10.30 the wind rose slightly and changed to the 
east, and the flying stopped. Nothing new in regard to the 
method of flight was observed this season. Several spiders, 
while ascending, were seen to draw out a thread attached to 
the starting point. Several species were seen to drop and hang 
swinging by a thread, two or three inches long, and in this posi- 
tion to let out flying threads and drift away in the air. 

Sixty-nine species in all were observed. Very young Epeira 
insularis and trifoliwm show that these species sometimes de- 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 167 


velop far enough to leave the cocoon in the fall, instead of 
waiting until spring. The accompanying table shows the spe- 
cies seen on fences during some of the largest flights and their 
changes through the season. Only those with the sex marks 
were adult, but many others were within one molt of maturity, 
including Lophocarenum florens, Dictyna volucripes, Linyphia 
phrygiana, Anyphoena rubra and Pardosa glacialis, all of 
which mature very early in the spring. The Lycosidae were of 
all sizes, most of them very small, while other individuals of 
the same species were nearly ready for the final molt. 


Oct. ro | Oct.17 | Oct. 23} Nov.7 | Nov.8 Nov.16 


Theridion murarium ....  |— ae 
Theridion frondeum .... 
Crustulina guttata ...... 
Enoplognatha marmorata 


Mimetus interfector ...:. Sime PS exe Bie és Biter, fee, ee 
Ceratinella brunnea .... 5 OO Le a” eubenis.. > ee 
Ceratinella emertoni .... Ca | Reed «8 5 ewes 5 bree qe 
Ceratinella minuta ...... 2s Cae Nae 9 Stet beech oe Ee ok ees 
Cornicularia directa...... NA Sea Hess endl han Bar ar og 
Cornicularia indirecta ... eee eet tt OL he a Joe eee 
Cornicularia communis .. Ne Oe eed eR Ean a fe ye 
Spiropalpus spiralis ..... ayia aaa . oles bat ieee 
Gonatium rubrum ...... rege Be cat ie at ane 
Grammonata ornata ..... ie PG Be ley aiyds.'s HO wely Cn 
Lophocarenum florens .. - eee Sees er SAY << am 
Lophocarenum spiniferum eae bs 8 SE tors © 
moernocarenum crenatum  |* * -|* + *)- <s7e e <<" 
Tmeticus trilobatus a es 

Tmeticus bostoniensis .. sie « [OOP A PLS Ee oO Sie 
Tmeticus plumosus ..... ee ae = L heue tere ree aes 
Erigone dentigera ...... ytclan. ee: tgs 9S ae Ge SSN pra 
Microneta reéctangulata . SB es 2 a oo 

ee pone angulata .. sO sae oti Tay 3 -|—o 
Bathyphantes zebra ..... lie: Sei ts Dae Mil aa Oi sites 
Diplostyla alboventris ... ee = eects pate ats Weg! ih 


Diplostyla concolor ..... 
Linyphia clathrata ...... 
Linyphia marginata ..... 
Linyphia phrygiana ..... 
Epeira stellata .......... 
Epeira prompta ......... 
Epeira patagiata ........ S23 0 At (tag ORE 
Epeira displicata ........ eae oe heat aoe 

Epeira insularis ........ 
Epeira trifolium ........ 
Singa variabilis ......... 
Tetragnatha laboriosa ... 
Dictyna volucripes ...... 


168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


Oct. 10 |} Oct. 17 | Oct. 23 | Nov.7 | Nov.8 | Nov. 16 


Lycosa nidicola ......... — ae eS tee 
Lycosa lepida ........... e phe: wae oo 
Pirata minuta . ee lo — _ 


Pirata insularis aie Si ae iat Ss eee 


eee eee es 


Pardosa glacialis —_ — _ — —_ mee 


Pardosa nigripalpis — — — — asia ee 


Pardosa diffusa ........ - areas NM em ee ete a ee ee bec 
Dolomedes sexpunctatus oa. toh Siew eheeaespee Laces 
Pisaura undata .......... ie ee 0 a a arora eee — 

Anyphaena rubra ....... = —_ — sare eps te fos 

Anyphaena saltabunda .. |— — 
Chetrocanthium viride .. |— pene hon 
Prosthesima atra Oe a 


Misumena asperata ..... aa ne SOR cite foe 
Cortarachne versicolor .. |- - ae eee Mane: UTR n eo 
Xysticus quadrilineatus a: — — sa EE fen dae a 
Xysticus gulosus ....... coisa - gi ia 
Xysticus stomachosus ... EO OR PRR) CORT ee 
Tmarus caudatus ....... og Ss ei ee i a es 
Philodromus pictus ..... iy: : 4h ip Sie eer ee as 


Tibellus oblongus ....... Ade Swe wy eee eh 
Phidippus tripunctatus ... | 


Phidippus multiformis .. |—? |... |—% 
Wala mitrata’........... igs SE: Peas 
Zygoballus bettini ....... re ea eee he 
Zygoballus terrestris .... |—VPLji—AL—a 
Epiblemum scenicum ... |—%P|...|.. 


Salticus ephippiatus .... 9 | 
Lins hort fe 2A, ht sige Ce tere Moka ts mea 
Dendryphantes aestivalis Gd Voce “HT oe Oe 
Dendryphantes militaris:.. |\—-S% |—@79E|. «|... 


42> 
=<=or- 


A Further Note on the Wing-Coupling Apparatus in the Family 
Micropterygidae. (Lep.). 


The short note made by the author on -this subject in Ent, News, 
Vol. xxix, p. 90 (March, 1918), needs correction in an important par- 
ticular. The study was carried out on the five genera Micropteryx, 
Sabatinca, Mnesarchaea, Eriocrania and Mnemonica. Of the first 
three genera plenty of good material was available, and the results 
obtained were undoubtedly correct. Of the other two, the author had 
unfortunately only one or two very poor specimens. Further work on 
better specimens since received has demonstrated clearly that these 
two genera, belonging to the subfamily FEriocraniinae, though they 
possess a frenulum as before stated, do not have the jugal lobe turned 
under the forewing; this lobe projects backwards above the costa of 
the hindwing, as Comstock has recently figured it. Thus there is a 
very distinct difference between the condition of the jugal lobe in the 
Micropteryginae and Mnesarchaeinae on the one hand, and that of the 
Eriocrantinae on the other. Considering also the differences in larval 
structure, it seems clear that we are really dealing with three distinct 
families, and that: Meyrick’s uniting of them all into one can only 
result in much confusion of ideas.—R. J. Tittyarp, Hornsby, New 
South Wales, Australia. 


Te eRe ey We em 


ee a a «ee 


Until ei NS aes 


Peer ee ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 169 


A New Skipper from South America 
(Lepid., Hesperidae). 
By A. W. Linpsey, Decatur, Illinois. 

A specimen received from Colombia, South America, in 
the spring of 1918 has been placed as a new species of Ma- 
bille’s genus Haemactis. Mabille concludes his description 
with the statement, “Tibias postérieurs nus a une paire d’épe- 
rons” (hind tibiae bare, with one pair of spurs), but the speci- 
men at hand bears a short tuft of hair at the distal end of the 
hind tibiae and a long tuft at their proximal end. Its great 
similarity to H. sanguinalis, type of Haemactis, in other re- 
spects has led to its being placed with that species, for the 
secondary sexual characters alone seem insufficient for the 
establishment of a new genus. 


Haemactis pyrrhosphenus n. sp. (Text-fig.). 

Upper surface of wings deep brown with the following bright scarlet 
marks: On the primaries a basal patch and a sub-basal cuneate band 
extend from the costa almost to the anal vein. These are followed, 
just before the end of the cell, by a similar pair of cuneate spots ex- 
tending inward to the middle of the cell. All of these marks are cut 
by the brown ground color along the veins so that their cuneate shape 
is only approximate. The four subapical spots so common among the 
skippers are present, but are outwardly indistinct and merge through 
a powdery area with the terminal marks. Next to the cell they are 
ochreous. The outer margin has a rounded-cuneate mark of the same 
shade of scarlet in each interspace and two between Cu2 and A, which 
are somewhat longer than the rest. Fringes brown, paler than the 
ground color. Secondaries similar to primaries but lacking the costal 
marks. The terminal cuneate marks are about one-quarter as long 
as the wing and are inwardly more acute than those of the primaries, 

Beneath, the primaries are fuscous brown with the inner margin 
paler and a short, whitish dash along the base of the cubital stem. 


Only the apical red mark, part of the middle costal patch, and the pre- 


apical spots are visible on this surface. The secondaries are fuscous 


brown between the costa and cell, thence gradually blending into the 


grayish-luteous inner margin. The veins are marked with the same 
shade as the costal portion and the outer margin is tinged with scarlet. 
Fringes. of both wings fuscous. 

The body is brown above, palpi brown, and head with a few red 
scales forming a thin transverse line behind the eyes and a small patch 


‘of white scales in front of each eye. Underneath the body and legs 


are concolorous with the wings and the palpi show a few white scales. 


170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


Attached to the inner surface of the hind tibia of the male at the 
proximal end is a slender tuft of long hairs which extends beyond 
the distal end of the tibia. Here, on the opposite side of the leg, is 
attached a tuft of shorter hairs which lies along the upper surface of 


the metatarsus and does not quite reach its end. (See figure. ) 
Expanse of type 40 mm. 


Type one male from Muzo, Colombia, South America, taken 
June, 1917, now in the collection of the writer. 


Eumerus strigatus Again (Dip., Syrphidae). 
By C. L. Mercarr, Ohio State University. 


In an interesting article by Messrs. Weiss and Nicolay, 
“Eumerus strigatus Fall., the Lunate Onion Fly, in New Jer- 
sey” (Ent. NEws, xxx, p. 27, Jan., 1919), the authors call 
attention to the capture of an adult in a greenhouse in New 
Jersey and to its having been reared from roots and bulbs 
found in New York, Connecticut and Texas (B).* 

The authors appear to be of the opinion that the fly is prac- 
tically unknown in North America, for they say: 

“Considering the fact that it was first noted in the United States 
in 1906 (Chittenden), it is strange that more records of it have not 
turned up.” 

A hurried survey of the literature reveals the following rec- 
ords; probably others have been overlooked: 


*The letters refer to articles in the bibliography below. 


ae te 


yh gt eed ae ee a oe eS Pr rr en. ee NS ek ee 
7 a ns lh cs a a . z 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 171 


(A) 1910, Dec., JoHNsSoN, CHARLES W., Some Additions to the Dip- 
teran Fauna of New England, Psyche, xvii, 6, p. 230. 

(B) 1912, Jan., Fett, EPHRAIM Porter, 27th Report of the State En- 
tomologist, N. Y., 1911 (N. Y. State Ed. Dept., Bul. 510, 1912, 
pp. 119, 120.) 

(C) 1915, April, Davipson, W. M., Occurrence of Eumerus (Syrphi- 
dae) in California, Can. Ent., xlvii, 4, pp. 134-135. 

(D) 1916, June, JoHNson, CHARLES W., Some New England Syrphi- 

dae, Psyche, xxiii, 3, p. 80. 

(E) 1916, Oct., Davipson, W. M., Economic Syrphidae in California. 
Jour. Ec. Ent., Vol. 9, No. 5, p. 457. 

(F) 10916, Oct., Mercatr, C. L., Syrphidae of Maine, Me. Agr. Exper: 

Sta. Bull. 253, p. 217. 

(G) 1917, June, Gipson, ArtHuR, The Occurrence of Eumerus stri- 

gatus Fin. in Canada, Can. Ent., xlix, 6, pp. 190, 191.7 


Felt (B) says: “There appears to be no published record of 
the insect having been found in America.” W. M. Davidson 
(C) and Arthur Gibson (G) in articles in the Canadian Ento- 
mologist, both accredit the first record of the species from 
America to Felt (B). All of these authors appear to have 
overlooked the note by Mr. Charles W. Johnson in Psyche 
for December, 1910 (A), which antedates the record by Felt 
by more than a year, and which is, so far as I am aware, the 
first published record of Eumerus in America. The specimens 
noted by Johnson were taken in 1908 and Igog. Hence, the 
first capture of the species on the American continent may be 
that by Doctor Fletcher at Ottawa, in 1904, as reported by 
Gibson (G). 

The chronological record for this species in North America, 
so far as reported, appears therefore to be as follows: 


1904, August 19, Ottawa, Canada; adult, Doctor Fletcher. (First cap- 
ture) (G). 

1906, October, reared at Washington, D. C., from bulbs from Buffalo, 
N. Y., from Connecticut and from Brownsville, Texas; Doctor 
Chittenden (B). 

1908, June 3, Buffalo, N. Y.; adult, M. C. Van Duzee (A). 


+ Since this article was submitted for publication, there have ap- 
peared in the Journal of Economic Entomology (Vol. 12, No. 2, April, 
IQIQ, p. 135) two short notes on the occurrence of these flies, by E. R. 
Sasscer and R. C. Osburn, which further extend the known distribu- 
tion of Eumerus strigatus to Ohio, Philadelphia, Colorado and the 
State of Washington. 


172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | June, ’19 


1909, June, Brookline, Mass.; adult, Charles W. Johnson (A). 

1910, April, Victoria, B. C.; reared from Narcissus bulbs, E. A. Wal- 
lace (G). 

1910, October, Victoria, B. C.; larvae abundant in greenhouse, C. G. 
Hewitt (G). 

1910, December, first published record; Johnson, C. W. (A). 

1911, August 19, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., reared from Iris roots, E. P. 
Felt (B). | 

1914, May to July, Walnut Creek, Berkeley and Oakland, California; 
ten specimens on the wing, W. M. Davidson (C). 

1916, Melrose Highlands, Mass.; adult, R. T. Webber (D). 

1916, San Francisco Bay region, Calif.; adults, W. M. Davidson (E). 

1916, July 25, Bar Harbor, Mt. Desert Island, Maine; I took a num- 
ber of adults on the wing in one of the large nurseries. They 
were flying about among low-growing ornamentals, feeding 
from the blossoms. The nurserymen had no record of damage 
by the larvae to their bulbs. 

1917, February 5, Montreal, Quebec; adult in greenhouse, J. I. Beaulne 
G). 
ee records I can add the following: 

1916, May 23, Eburne, B. C.; adult, R. S. Sherman. 

In 1917 I received through the kindness of Mr. H. F. Dietz, 
of the Federal Horticultural Board, a number of larvae of this 
species which had been intercepted in Narcissus bulbs from 
Holland in November. The larvae pupated in the laboratory 
{from February 12 to March 1, and adults emerged from Feb- 
ruary 28 to March 14. On this last date some of the speci- 
mens were still larvae. 

The species is recorded to have two generations a year. Its 
host plants include onion, Iris, shallot, Narcissus, hyacinth, and 
Amaryllis. Its reported distribution in America ranges from 
Maine to California and from Texas to British Columbia, 
Ottawa and Quebec. I believe that this species, like its com- 
panion in habit, Merodon equestris, is thoroughly established 
in widely separated regions of this continent; that many other 
records of its occurrence at intermediate points will be forth- 
coming ; and that it constitutes a real and totally unappreciated 
menace to the interests of horticulturists, florists and onion 
farmers. It will be very surprising if we do not have a sud- 
den and severe outbreak of one or both of these pests, when 
they have become a little more thoroughly acclimated and have 


ee ee ge eT ee 


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nee ee ee ee Te. ee ee ee ee ee Le eee eee eee ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 173 


experienced a period of conditions favorable to their rapid in- 
crease in numbers. 

I note the following records of the occurrence of the latter 
species, known as the larger Narcissus- or Daffodil-fly, which 
are in addition to the records of its interception in shipments 
of bulbs from abroad. 


(H) 1908, Jan., Ospurn, R. C., British Columbia Syrphidae, New 
Species and Additions to the List, Can. Ent., xl, 1, p. 10. A 
number of specimens from several localities. Believes it es- 
tablished. 

(1) tg911, Hewitt, C. G., Report of the Dominion Entomologist, Can- 
ada Expt. Farms Reports, I91I, pp. 207-235, pls. 3, figs. 3. A 
serious pest in British Columbia; some 50,000 Narcissus and 
Daffodil bulbs having been destroyed near Victoria during the 
year. 

(J) 1911, NorMAN, P., Merodon equestris in southern British Colum- 
bia, Proc. Brit. Columbia Ent. Soc. n. ser. 1911, No. 1, pp. 
22-20. 

(K) 1914, Cuitps, L., The Large Narcissus-bulb Fly (Merodon eques- 
tris), Mo. Bul. Com. Hort. Cal., 3 (1914) No. 2, pp. 73-76, figs. 
2. Taken frequently in Sutter Co. and San Rafael, Calif. 

(lL) 1916, June, JoHNson, CHARLES W., Some New England Syrphi- 
dae, Psyche, xxiii, 3, p. 79; Blue Hill, Mass., June 5, 1g10, 
Great Barrington, June 16, I9I5. 

(M) _ 1916, Sept., BANKs, NATHAN, et al., District of Columbia Diptera: 
Syrphidae, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxix, p. 188; record a speci- 

_ men labeled Aug. 4, 1907. 

(N) 1916, Davipson, W. M., Economic Syrphidae in California, Jour. 

. Ec. Ent., Vol. 9, p. 457. 

(O). 1916, Oct., Mercatr, C. L., Syrphidae of Maine, Me. Agr. Exper. 

Sta. Bull. 253, p. 217... 


This species was taken in company with Ewmerus (vide 
supra) at Bar Harbor, Maine, July 25, 1916. The three speci- 


mens taken in the few minutes available for collection represent 
three of the many diverse color varieties. See in this connec- 


tion also Johnson (L). . 

Norman (J) states that it is said to have been introduced — 
to British Columbia about 1905, and that six months are passed 
in the larval stage, pupation occurring in the soil in February 
and the adults emerging in late March, and ovipositing in May. 


- Childs (K) says the females oviposit throughout the greater 


part of the summer. Stocks,* however, states that the life- 


174, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


cycle is of two years’ duration, the larvae being destructive 
from July of one year to February of the second following 
year, spending about 19 months in the bulb. Childs (K) lists 
its host plants as follows: Narcissus, Amaryllis, Vallota, Ha- 
branthus, Eurycles, Galtonia, and the bulbs of the wild hya- 
cinth, Scilla nutoris. 

The control measures for these flies are given as follows by 
MacDougall? and Childs (Kx) : Examine all bulbs to be planted, 
destroying all sickly, discolored and infested ones. The in- 
festation can often be detected by pressing between thumb and 
fingers; if there is a distinct “giving,” the bulb is probably in- 
fested. Bulbs may be at least partly freed of infestation by 
submerging for from two to eight days, then thoroughly dry- 
ing. If an attack is noted in the field, the bulbs should be taken 
up and burned and the top soil deeply buried in September 
or early October. (Collinge: Manual of Injurious Insects.) 


ati 
oe 


A new Amastus from Argentina (Lep., Arctiidae). 
By W. Scuaus, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 


Amastus formosana sp. nov. 

6. Antennae brown. Head, collar and thorax dark steel grey: a 
small yellow spot on tegulae; a fine yellow streak outwardly on patagia. 
Palpi: first and second joints crimson fringed in front with dark steel 
grey, the third joint entirely steel grey. Thorax below dull red mot- 
tled with yellow brown; legs dark grey partly ‘streaked with crimson 
at base. Abdomen above crimson, underneath dark grey, expanding 
laterally towards anal segment, where it meets dorsally. 


Fore wings fuscous brown, the costal margin lighter brown the same - 


shade as the antennae; markings light ochreous brown; antemedial 
elongated spots: oiie in cell small, one below cell larger with a similar 
spot above submedian and a narrow streak below submedian; a large 
spot at end of cell, its anterior edge curved and truncated close to 
median vein, its outer edge almost straight; postmedial spots large 
only separated by veins from vein 7 to submedian, below which there 
is only a minute streak; a series of small subterminal spots, partly 
lunular, the spot between veins 5 and 6 larger and coalescing with the 
postmedial spot. 

Hind wings pauinealnie yellowish white, tinged with roseate at anal 
angle; a narrow line on discocellular, hairs on inner margin, cilia and 
tips of veins fuscous brown. Expanse: 61 mm. 


Habitat—E1 Saltadillo, Argentina. Type in the United 
States National Museum. . 


*Stocks, G., The Daffodil-fly, Merodon Equestris, in The Daffodil 
Year Book, London, 1914, Roy. Hort. Soc., pp. 50-59, pls. 2. 

+Jour. Brd. Agr. (London) 16, (1909) No. 4, pp. 203-297, pls. 2, fig. 1 
and ibid., 20, (1913) No. 7, pp. 504-599, figs. 2. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., JUNE, I9I9Q. 


A League of Nations Means the Metric System. 

A few years ago we published an editorial in the NEws 
endorsing efforts made in the House of Representatives to 
enforce the use of the Centigrade thermometric scale in United 
States Government publications. The strongest argument for 
such action was that the Centigrade scale was already in well 
nigh universal use. 

The progressive World Trade Club of San Francisco is 
urging the United States and Great Britain (the only large 
nations not using the Meter-Liter-Gram system) to take ad- 
vantage of the present opportunity in the world’s history and 
legalize the exclusive use of the metric system of weights and 
measures. The same reason for this change exists as is the 
case in the matter of thermometry. 

As entomologists we have been giving the size of insects in 
millimeters for many years, and when we go back to some old 
description and have to translate “lines,” or some other an- 
tique unit, into modern equivalents, we feel a sinking of the 
heart. Let us, in these days of a League of Nations, inter- 
nationalize our standards of measurement as well as our polit- 
ical relations. Let everyone urge his Congressmen to do their 
utmost to accomplish this result. 


Stop Thief! 

What is the mental attitude of the thief toward himself? 
Does the knowledge that he is a thief lower him in his own 
estimation? It is with sorrow and regret that we admit that 
there are thieves among entomologists. The individual who 
will steal from a museum where collections are kept for the 
benefit of all interested is of the mean kind of person who 


has no real love for the pursuit and is usually of the collector 


type who spends his life in sticking specimens over labels and 
ticking them off in a list and reminds one of many postage 
stamp collectors. It is almost impossible to give access to a 


- collection and stand over each person every minute to prevent 


(175 


176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


a mean skunk from pilfering, or to go through the clothes of 
every person as he finishes studying a collection. Such a 
course would be offensive to the many visitors to a museum 
who come for legitimate study and comparison. Many insects 
are quite small and readily concealed and some weasel may 
quickly slip into a box the things he covets to fill out the blank 
spaces in his own collection. We can only repeat with shame 
that such degraded persons exist among those who are sup- 
posed to truly love nature and science for their own sakes. 
Theft is as far from the thoughts of the true naturalist as 
murder.—HENRY SKINNER. : 


42> 
<or- 


Entomological Literature. 


COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 


Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, 
newer whether relating to American or exotic species, will be re- 
corded. i 

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. 

All cdntinued papets, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 
first installments. 

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north 
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat. 

For records of Economic Literature, see the Hxperiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- 
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- 
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 


4—Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 5—Psyche, Cam-- 
bridge, Mass. 7—Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 
Columbus, Ohio. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, Lon- 
don. 9—The Entomologist, London. 10-—Proceedings of the En- 
tomological Society of Washington, D. C. 11—Annals and Maga- 
zine of Natural History, London. 12—Journal of Economic Ento- 
mology, Concord, N. H. 1%—Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 19— 
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 20—Bulletin de 
la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 25-—Bulletino della 
Societa Entomologica Italiana, Firenze. 80—Tuijdschrift voor En- 
tomologie, The Hague, Holland. 31—Proceedings of the Ento- 
mological Society of Nova Scotia, Truro. 50—Proceedings of the 
United States National Museum, Washington. 54—Proceedings 
of the Biological Society of Washington, D. C. 59—Journal of 
Agricultural Research, Washington, D. C. 64—Parasitology, Lon- 
don. 68—Science, Lancaster, Pa. 76—Nature, London. 81—The 
Journal of Parasitology, Urbana, Illinois. 82—The Ohio Journal 
of Science, Columbus. 85—The Journal of Experimental Zoology, 


ESS OT 


NE Te Se ees eee eT 


nila 


ee a eee ee oe ee Se 


eee Te a Ls, ee eS ee 


ee ee ee he ee 


eS 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 177 


Philadelphia. 94—The American Journal of Science, New Haven, 
Conn. 95—Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, Zoologie. 


GENERAL. Baumberger, J. P—Nutritional study of insects, 
with special reference to microorganisms and their substrata. 85, 
XXviii, 1-81. Bentley (G. M.)—Benefits to. be derived from ob- 
serving, collecting and studying insects. (Tenn. Sta. Bd. Ent., 
Bul. No. 20.) Crampton (G. C.)—Remarks on the origin and sig- 
nificance of metamorphosis among insects. 19, xiv, 33-40. Fenton, 
C. L.—Insect migration in Floyd and adjoining counties in Iowa. 
(American Midl. Nat., vi, 13-15.) de Meijere, J. C. H.—Zur evolu-. 
tion der zeichnung bei den holometabolen insekten. 30, Ixi, 57-75. 
Onslow, H.—Colour of the scales of iridescent insects in trans- 
mitted light. 76, ciii, 84. Riley, W. A—A use of galls by the Chip- 
pewa Indians. 12, xii, 217-18. Van Dyke, E. C.—Distribution of 
insects in western N. Am. 7, xii, t-12. 


MEDICAL. Parman, D. C.—Notes on Phlebotomus species at- 
tacking man. 12, xii, 211-13. Sweet, E. A.—The transmission of 
disease by flies. (U. S. Pub. Health Service, Suppl. 29, Pub. Heal. 
Rep.) 

ARACHNIDA AND MYRIAPODA. Nuttall, G. H. F—The 
biology of Pediculus humanus. 64, xi, 201-20. 


Howard, C. W.—Preliminary report on the Trombidiidae of Min- 
nesota. (Rep. Sta. Ent. Minn., xvii, 111-44.) 


NEUROPTERA. de la Torre Bueno (J. R.)—Note on neurop- 
teroids. 19, xiv, 48. 

Chapin (E. A.)—New species of N. A. Siphonaptera. 19, xiv, 
49-62. — 

ORTHOPTERA. Giglio-Tos, E.—Saggio di una nuova classi- 
ficazione dei Mantidi. 25, xlix, 50-87. Morse (A. P.)—List of the 
O. of New England. 5, xxvi, 21-39. 


HEMIPTERA. Gibson, E. H.—Hemiptera collected by the Yale 
Dominican expedition of 1913. 50, lv, 275-7. Five n. sps. of Jassoi- 
dea from Honduras (Homoptera). 54, xxxii, 25-28. Morrison, H. 
—Report on a collection of Coccidae from Argentina, with descrip- 
tions of apparently new sps. 10, xxi, 63-91. Oestlund, O. W.— 
Contribution to knowledge of the tribes and higher groups of the 


family Aphididae. (Rep. Sta. Ent. Minnesota, xvii, 46-72.) 


LEPIDOPTERA. Allen, E. C.—Key for determining the Cram- 
binae of Nova Scotia. 31, No. 4, 86-8. Busck, A——On some generic 
synonymy in the family Gelechiidae. 10, xxi, 94-6. Ehrmann (G. A.) 
—A new tropical American Papilio. 1%, iii, 30-1. Herrick & Det- 
wiler—Notes on the repugnatorial glands of certain Notodontid 


178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ June, ’19 


caterpillars. 7, xii, 44-8. Knetzger (A.)—-A quick relaxing method. 
17, ili, 30. Mabille & Boullet—Essai de revision de la famille des 
Hesperides. 95, ii, 199-258. Raymundo, B.—Noticia sobre alguns 
lepidopteros serigenos do Brasil. (Rio de Janeiro, 70 pp.) Rothke 
(M.)—Notes on Brephos infans. 17, iii, 25-7. Rummel (C.)—Ob- 
servations on Physiodes nycteis. Trapping for larvae of Apantesis. 
19, xiv, 47; 62-3. Swinhoe, C.—On the geographical distribution of 
the genus Cosmophila, a noctuid of the family Gonopteridae. 11, 
iii, 309-14. Van Escke (R.)—Geschichtlich-anatomische untersu- 
chung von den genitalorganen der L. 30, Ixi, 147-231. Worms- 
bacher (H.)—Useful hints to collectors. 17, iii, 28-9. f 


DIPTERA. Aldrich, J. M.—The dipterous genus Imitomyia 
(Himantostoma). 4, 1919, 64. Bezzi, M.—Rinvenimento di una 
Chionea nei dintorni di Torino Lwith bibliographyj. 25, xlix, 12-49. 
Bishopp & Laake—The dispersion of flies by flight. 12, xii, 210-11. 
Edwards, F. W.—Note on the egg-bursting of eucephalous fly- 
larvae. 11, iii, 372-76. Emriques, P.—Ricerche sulla eredita delle 
mosche (Rivista di Biologia, Roma, i, 72-81.) Frost, S$. W.—Two 
sps. of Pegomyia mining the leaves of dock. 59, xvi, 229-44. Kei- 
lin (D.)—On the alimentary canal and its appendages in the larvae 
of Scatopsidae and Bibionidae.... 8, 1919, 92-6. Supplementary 
note on the formation of a cocoon by cyclorhaphous dipterous 
larvae. 64, xi, 237-8. McAtee & Walton—District of Columbia D.: 
Tabanidae. 10, xx, 188-206. Parker (R. R.)—Concerning the sub- 
species of Sarcophaga dux. 19, xiv, 41-6. Parker & Wells—Obser- 
vations on and experiments with Cuterebra tenebrosa. 81, v, 100-4. 


Malloch (J. R.)—A new Phorid from Illinois. 19, xiv, 47-8. 


COLEOPTERA. Gravely, F. H.—Contribution towards the re- 
vision of the Passalidae of the world. (Mem. Indian Mus., vii, No. 
1.) Mosher, E.—Notes on the immature stages of Deltometopus 
rufipes. 7, xii, 49-55. Wickham, H. F.—Fossil beetles from Vero, 
Florida. 94, xlvii, 355-7. . 


Fall, H. C_—The Californian species of Malthodes. 7%, xii, 31-43. 
Fisher, W. S.—Descriptions of a new genus and species of Bupres- 
tidae from Arizona. 10, xxi, 91-3. Five new sps. of Ptinid beetles. 
50, lv, 295-9. 

HYMENOPTERA. Bradley, J. C.—The status of Parabates 
Foers., and Parabatus Thoms. (Ichneumonidae). 11, iii, 319-24.. 
Burrell & Smith—Key to the species of Wisconsin ants, with notes 
on their habits. 82, xix, 279-92. Cockerell, T. D. A—-A new col- 
letid bee from Ecuador. 10, xx, 206-7. Cushman & Rohwer— 
Genus Ephialtes first proposed by Schrank. 10, xx, 186-8. Emery. 
(C.)—Sur le genre Tranopelta et sur le type du genre Cremasto- 


a ae cis 


Te ee ee ate 


OL XX] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 179 


gaster. 20, 1919, 60-2. Fraser, H. J—Few notes on ant history 
and habits. 31, No. 4, 6-9. Perkins (R. C. L.)—Note on some 
genera of Nyssonidae. 9, 1919, 76-7. Robertson, C.—-Erroneous 
generic determination of bees. 68, xlix, 422-3. Rohwer & Fagan— 
Additions and corrections to “The type species of the genera of the 
Cynipoidea....” 50, lv, 237-40. Washburn, F. L__-Hymenoptera 
of Minnesota. (Rep. Sta. Ent. Minn., xvii, 145-237.) 


Cockerell, T. D. A.—Some fossil parasitic H. 94, xlvii, 376-80. 
Gahan, A. B.— New reared parasitic H. with some notes on synon- 
vmy. 50, lv, 113-128. Kinsey (A. C.)—Fossil Cynipidae. 5, xxvi, 
44-9. Wheeler (W. M.)—A new subspecies of Aphaenogaster trea- 
tae. 5, xxvi, 50. 


42> 
=er 


Doings of Societies. 


Entomological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. 

Meeting of January 23, 1919. Five persons present, Director Philip 
Laurent presiding. 

Mr. Robert Lee Haines, Moorestown, New Jersey, was proposed 
as a contributor and elected. 

Orthoptera——Mr. Rehn made a few remarks on the species of 
the Acridid genus Chloealtis, showing, with the aid of a sketch map, 
the distribution of the three species, one of which is now being de- 
scribed. by Mr. Hebard and himself. An interesting feature of the 
geographic size variation found in the genus was also discussed. 

Lepidoptera. Mr. Laurent exhibited a series of nine males of 
Eurymus (Colias) philodice Gdt. collected at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, 
in which the specimens show considerable variation in the number and 
size of the spots in the submarginal space of the under side of the 
wings. No. 1 has seven large markings on each of the fore wings 
and six on each hind wing, while No. 9 is without markings on the 
fore wings and only three faint marks on each of the hind ones.— 
Gro. M. GreENE, Recorder. 


Feldm2zn Collecting Social. 

Meeting of March 19, 1919, at the residence of H. W. Wenzel, 5614 
Stewart Street, Philadelphia. Nine members were present, President 
H. W. Wenzel in the chair. 

Diptera—Mr. Hornig said he had collected some mosquito eggs 
in South Philadelphia and the first to hatch were Aédes sylvestris 
Theob. on March 15th; the next larvae to appear were A. curriei Coq. 
on March 17th. Also recorded the finding today of Wyeomyia smithti 
Coq. in pitcher plants at Brown’s Mills, New Jersey. The live larvae 
of sylvestris and smithii were exhibited, as were the macerated frag- 


180 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS. [ June, ’19 


ments of insects of several orders taken from one pitcher plant. Mr. 
H. W. Wenzel said he had found along the line of the old’ Lancaster 
Pike, Pennsylvania, on January 26th, an old chestnut log and after 
tearing off the outer bark had found in the fibrous part beneath two 
clusters of larvae about an inch in diameter, each containing forty or 
fifty larvae. These were placed in a jar and soon pupated. In the 
last two weeks many Diptera have emerged and he was surprised to 
note they are of several species and are as follows: Tipula sp.?, 
Lonchaea polita Say, Pseudotephritis vau Say, and a new species, 
Stoptera digna, being described by E. T. Cresson, Jr. 

Lepidoptera.—Mr. Haimbach recorded two specimens, captured 
flying, of the “Codling moth,’ Carpocapsa pomonella Linn., on his 
place at Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 
February 16th. 

Coleoptera.—Mr. Laurent showed a copy of “A preliminary list 
of the insects of the Province of Quebec. Part III, Coleoptera,” by 
G. Chagnon, 1917, and stated that of the 1810 species listed somewhat 
over 1300 are in the New Jersey list—Gro. M. Greene, Secretary. 


OBITUARY 


I'L1zA KLAGES was born opposite the present courthouse, 
Grant Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, January 14, 1835, and 
died in Crafton, in the same city, March 13, 1919. She was 
the third of seven children and the only daughter of Jacob 
and Elizabeth Poth (née Winter) who came from Germany in. 
their early life, were married in Baltimore, and settled in 
Pittsburgh in 1828. On November 7, 1850, she married G. A. 
Klages, from which union eight sons and two daughters were 
born, of whom but half now survive. Of the sons attaining 
manhood, Charles (the oldest) became devoted to floriculture, 
and four others became interested in entomology. Frederick, 
the oldest of these four, did very creditable field work in 
Jamaica in 1884, and died in 1886 in his 28th year. 

Although not listed among the entomologists, Eliza Klages 
was a lover of nature from her childhood and for many years 
manifested a lively interest in entomology, which she retained 
until her last illness. She was particularly informed on the 
Coleoptera and enjoyed the short collecting trips taken with 
the writer, whose collection is much the richer because of her 
interest and devotion—Her son, EpwaArp A. KLAGES. 


ENT. NEws, VoL. XXX. Plate VIII. 


NEW AND RECENTLY DESCRIBED LEPIDOPTERA.—MENGEL 


1, 2, Perisamia inconspicua ; 3, 4, P. sinerubra; 5, Catagramma horstit. 


ak ee es a ee 
ic * ae 


OS OP ay Paso are a 


ORR RAVE Peay 


Pe eee 


ENTOMOLOG 


ICAL NEWS 


D 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


OL. Ams. 


JULY, 1919. 


No. 


7- 


, CONTENTS: 


\ 


Mengel—A new Perisama from South 
America (Lepid., Rhop.).......... 
McAtee—Preliminary Key to the 
Nearctic Species of Eupteryx 
(Homoptera; Eupterygidae)...... 
VanDyke—New Species of Buprestidae 
(Col.) from the Western United 
States, with Supplementary notes 


Parker—North American Sarcopha- 
gidae; New Species of the Genus 
Sarcofahrtia R. Parker (Dip.)..... 

Editorial—International Relations of 
Entomological Societies after the 


Entomological Literature ............- 
Review—Lochhead’s Class Book of 


concerning others .....0...6..5.2-- 186 Economic Entomology.......-...-- 209 
Mitchell—Notes on Diacrisia virginica Obituary— William Francis de Vismes 
RRS aos ss Cai as «4 Maa cbs ve ane Igt Kane, Sydney Webb, Grand Duke 


ep. 

Baker—A Melaphis from Moss (Hom.) 194 

Schwarz—The early Stages of Catocala 
minuta and a Description of a New 


Nicolas Michailovitch, Raphael 
Blanchard, Jules Kunkel ’dHercu- 
lais, Herbert Huntington Smith, R. 


Variety of C. obscura (Lepid.) ... 196 ROBOres ia coe Clues Cleese hae aes ‘206 209 
Mickel—A new Genus of Cerambycidae 
from Wyoming (Col.)............. 198 


A new Perisama from South America (Lepid., Rhop.). 


By Levi W. MENGEL, Reading, Pennsylvania. 
(Plate VIII.) 


Perisama sinerubra n. sp. 

Expanse 43-45 mm. Upper side—primaries black with broad diag- 
onal blue-green bar from middle of costal margin to the exterior angle. 
There is a small dash of blue-green near the apex. A few bars of 
the same color radiate from the base. 

The inferiors are black with a bluish reflection toward the base. 
There is a broad marginal band of the same blue-green color. Fringes 
of wings white. 

Under side—primaries largely black with a white spot in centre of 
the costa changing to blue and extending halfway across the wing, 
toward the exterior angle. Base of wing gray, changing to blue. 
Apex of wing light gray, with a faint black band dividing the gray 
color almost equally. 

Under sides of inferiors without red costal and basal bar. Uniform 
gray in color. A thin black bar extends from the costal margin 
toward the inner angle. A black marginal band, comparatively regu- 
lar, extends parallel along the exterior margin.. There is an irregular 
row of 5 black spots in the wing between the bars. 


181 


182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


Smerubra is nearest to P. cotyora Hew., from which it is 
very different. 

Described from 7 specimens from Cavinas, Bolivia. Type— 
The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Paratypes 
—Collection Mengel. 


EXPLANATION OF PiaTE VIII. 
Figs. 1-2, Perisama inconspicua Mengel, Bolivia. (Ent. News, xxvii, 
Pp. 423, 1916). ° 
Figs. 3-4, Perisama sinerubra Mengel, Bolivia, n. sp. 
Fig. 5, Catagramma horstii Mengel, U. S. Colombia. (Ent. News, 
XXVil, Pp. 423, 1916). ; 


<4 
> 


Preliminary Key to the Nearctic Species of Eupteryx 
(Homoptera; Eupterygidae). 
By W. L. McATEE, Biological Survey, Washington, D. C. 


For bibliographic references and history of the genus Eup- 
teryx Curtis, see article by the writer on Genera of the Eup- 
terygidae, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washing- 
ton, Vol. 31, pp. 109-124, Nov. 29, 1918. 

Diagnostic characters in this family: Membrane without ap- 
pendix; hindwing without submarginal vein, and with three 
apical cells. 

After determining that forewing lacks appendix, the easiest 
method of recognizing Eupteryx is to lift outer apical part of 
forewing; if the hindwing then exposed has no submarginal 
vein and the first two sectors are joined by a crossvein, the 
insect is a Eupteryx. 

Key to the Species. 

A. Fourth apical cell of forewing distinctly 5-sided (in other words, 
the second sector forms part of the outer border of the cell); three 
black spots on vertex, three pairs of irregularly oval, brownish, 
ocellate spots on disc of forewings................ melissae Curtis. 

AA. Fourth apical cell of forewing 4-sided (second sector does not 
form part of its outer border, no more than tangent to it, and some- 
times separated by a short stalk) ; coloration otherwise. 

B. Forewings white; vertex, thorax and scutellum mostly black, 
vanduzei Gillette. 
BB. Forewings not white; general color above smoky to blackish, 


sometimes varied with yellow or sanguineous, 
flavoscuta Gillette. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 


Eupteryx melissae Curtis. 

Eupteryx melissae Curtis, John. British Entomology being Illustra- 
tions and Descriptions of the Genera of Insects found in Great Britain 
and Ireland, Vol. 14, No. 640 [p. 2], April, 1837 [Niton]. 


A group of nominal European species which are very close- 
ly related includes urticae Fabricius, melissae Curtis, stachy- 
dearum Hardy and collina Flor.’ Characters adequate for dis- 
tinguishing these species have not as yet been pointed out. Of 
the four names urticae is the oldest (Fabricius, 1803), and in 
case all are synonymous, has priority. However, urticae by 
one character—half of hind tibiae being black—is contrasted 
with the other three, and may be varietally if not specifically 
distinct. The next oldest name—wmelissae Curtis—is, there- 
fore, here adopted. Its synonymy appears to include: 


Typhlocyba stachydearum Hardy, James. Descriptions of some new 
British Homopterous Insects. Transactions of the Tyneside Natural- 
ists’ Field Club, 1, 1846-50 (1850), pp. 422-3 [Axwell Park]. 

Typhlocyba collina Flor, Gustav. Die Rhynchoten Livlands in sy- 
stematischer Folge beschrieben. 2, 1861, pp. 433-5 [Kudling, Sege- 
wold, Kremon]. 

Eupteryx quinquemaculata, Baker, C. F. New Typhlocybini. In- 
vertebrata Pacifica, Vol. 1, p. 8, Sept. 15, 1903 [Stanford University, 
California]. 

Head evenly and fully rounded both laterally and vertically. Length 
of vertex: interocular width:: 6:10. General color of upper surface 
of body and of the legs pale yellow; of forewings delicate green 
fading toward apex; eyes yellowish green. Head with 2 smaller spots 
on front, 2 larger on transition from front to vertex, and one of about 
same size on middle of hind margin, black. All of these spots vary 
from round to V-shaped or quadrangular; hence do not have the im- 
portance in distinguishing species assigned to them by European auth- 
ors. Pronotum with two black spots, just behind median spot on ver-_. 
tex, and one lying just behind and to‘the side of each of these. Most 
of disc of pronotum covered by a greenish fuscous cloud, nearly 
touching the black spots. A dimly visible brown line connects the 
black spots, and, being a little more conspicuous at the ends, forms a 
curved brown dash, to the outer side of each of the posterior pair of 
dots. Scutellum with two pairs of black dots, the anterior larger and 
more separated. 

Forewings with irregular greenish fuscous markings, the color deep- 
est at periphery (like blots the center of which has been sucked up),: 
as follows: One larger and a few smaller on/nner anterior angle of 


184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


forewing, three larger (the median decidedly so) on main body of 
clavus and a long narrow one along whole claval suture; between 
second and third sectors, three, of which the anterior is largest; and 
one just outside latter on costa. The veins of the apical cells are mar- 
gined with brown clouds and there are two black spots near exterior 
border of wing at a point two-thirds of the distance from base. 

Long triangular mark on cheeks below insertion of antennae, lower 
surface of thorax and entire abdomen black, the segments of latter 
margined posteriorly (sometimes very broadly) with yellow. Last 
ventral segment yellow, genitalia chiefly yellow in male, mostly black 
in female. Tarsi and apex of beak black. Length 3-3.25 mm. 


Specimens examined: North East, Pennsylvania, Oct. 10, 


1912, F. Johnson (U. S. N. M.). Hagerstown, Maryland 
CLG. Si M.). 


Eupteryx vanduzei Gillette. 

Eupteryx vanduzei Gillette, C. P. American Leaf-hoppers of ‘ne 
_ sub-family Typhlocybinae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 20, No. 1138, April 
20, 1808, pp. 748-9, Figs. 98-100 [Hamburg, New York]. 

Scutellum and anterior parts black or blackish shading into pale 
yellow on anterior margin of vertex and upper part of face; lower 
part of face smoky. Legs, except tarsal claws, and abdomen pale yel- 
low. Both pairs of wings milky white; apical cells of forewings 
fumose. Length of vertex: interocular width:: 7:13. Length of in- 
sect 3.5 mm. 


One specimen only, the female type, New York. Type No. 
3439, U. S. Nat. Mus. 

Prof. Gillette states that this and six other specimens (of 
the same sex) used by him in original description were col- 
lected by E. P. Van Duzee at Hamburg, New York, July 10. 

Variations mentioned by Gillette are whitish markings on 
posterior margin and angles of pronotum, and on apex of scu- 
tellum, and dark coloration of tarsal apices and of basal seg- 
ments of abdominal tergum. 


Eupteryx flavoscuta Gillette. 
\Eupteryx flavoscuta Gillette. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 20, No. 1138, 
April 20, 1898, pp. 749-50 [Hamburg, New York]. | 
Eupteryx nigra Osborn, Herbert. Jassidae of New York State. 
20th Rep. State Entomologist, 1904, in 58th Ann. Rep. N. Y. State 
Museum, 1904, Vol. 5, Appendix 7, 1906, pp. 543-4 [Jamaica, New 
York; Columbus, Ohio]. 


eS Le ee ee es a a ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185 


The original account of this species states that the type local- 
ity is Hamburg, New York, and that the type is in the U. S. 
National Museum, No. 3440. There is no specimen in the 
Museum from Hamburg, N. Y., and that bearing No. 3440 is 
from Washington, D. C., June 23, 1890. If this is really part 
of the original material, it is only a paratype; the whereabouts 
of the holotype is unknown to the writer. 


Key to Color Varieties. 
A. Thorax with a median and 2 marginal sanguineous vittae, 
: var. juvenis Nn. var. 
AA. Thorax without sanguineous vittae. 

B. Scutellum with broad median yellow vitta. 
C. Costa broadly and clavus chiefly yellow...var. clavalis n. var. 
CC. Costa less broadly yellow; clavus with only a faint spot, 

var. flavoscuta Gillette. 

BB. Scutellum without yellow vitta............ var. nigra Osborn. 
Eupteryx flavoscuta var flavoscuta Gillette. 

For convenience, description of the typical variety is given first and 

with it are included the few details of color and proportion that, so 
far, seem to have specific value. 
- Smoky brown to blackish above, except anterior margin of vertex, 
an indistinct spot on clavus, and broad median vitta on scutellum pale 
yellow. The costal margin of the forewing, except sometimes at 
middle, is more or less broadly yellow, sometimes overlaid with pru- 
inosity, apex of wing fumose hyaline, clear near margin, first, second 
and third apical cells with clear spots, that in first the largest. Face, 
legs and underparts pale yellow, abdominal segments and genitalia 
more or less margined with brownish. Length of vertex: interorbital 
width:: 1:2. Length of insect 3.3 mm. 


Specimens examined: Greensburg, Pennsylvania, July 24, 
1904, M. Wirtner; also same locality, no date (U. S. N. M.). 
Eupteryx flavoscuta var. clavalis new variety. 


Unusually wide vittae on scutellum and costal margin and almost 
whole clavus pale yellow. 


Specimen from Uhler Collection, labeled only Sept. 23. 
Type (U. S. N. M.). 


Eupteryx flavoscuta var nigra Osborn. 
Scutellum concolorous with general dorsal surface. 


Specimens examined: Columbus, Ohio, Sept: 15, 1903. 


[Paratype kindly loaned by H. Osborn and now in his collec- 


186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


tion.| Penn. Sta., Pennsylvania, Sept. 4, 18, 1904, M. Wirtner. 
{[U. S. N. M.]. Patton, Pennsylvania, Sept. 25, 1902, M. 
Wirtner. [U. S. N. M.]. Orono, Maine, Aug. 31, 1913 [H. 
Osborn]. Bar Harbor, Maine, Aug. 31, 1913 [H. Osborn]. 
Washington, D. C., June 23, 1890 [U. S. N. M.]. Difficult 
Run, Virginia, July 25, 1915, C. P. Alexander [W. L. M.]. 
Specimens from Uhler Collection, labeled only Sept. 23 [U. S. 
N. M.]. 

Eupteryx flavoscuta var juvenis new variety. 

General color decidedly lighter than in the other varieties, being 
grayish smoky; vertex with two sanguineous vittae closely bordering 
median line; thorax with narrow median vitta and sides behind eyes 
also sanguineous. f 

The specimens examined, from Orono and Bar Harbor, 
Maine, Aug. 31, 1913, kindly loaned by Prof. Herbert Osborn, 
in whose collection they are, are more or less teneral, leaving 
the question of fully matured appearance and perhaps of the 
varietal status of the form in doubt. The type is a male from 
Bar Harbor. | 


-— rats 
a 


New Species of Buprestidae (Col.) from the Western 
United States, with Supplementary 
notes concerning others. 


By Epwin C. Van Dyke, University of California, Berkeley, 
California. 
(Continued from page 156) 


Acmaeodera squamosa n. sp. 

Form short, cylindrical, hardly depressed, piceous bronzed, clothed 
on both upper and under surfaces, except the apical ventral of females, 
with minute white scales which, under high power magnification, are 
shown to be tuft-like, each elytron with two rows of small elongate 
reddish yellow spots, the first row on the third interval and the second 
on the ninth or humeral interval, the discal spots being placed, the 
first at about the middle, the second midway between that and apex 
and overlapping laterally on to the fourth and fifth intervals, and the 
third about equidistant between this last and apex, the lateral spots 
with the first just posterior to umbone, the second near the middle, and 
the third and fourth following closely behind. Head coarsely, shal- 
lowly and closely punctate, with squamules arising from each puncture, 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 


front feebly impressed, no carina, clypeus deeply semicircularly emar- 
ginate, antennae with fifth joint suddenly dilated; thorax unicolored, 
nearly twice as wide as long, apex narrower than base and bisinuate 
with median lobe projecting forward over head, the base truncate, the 
sides rather strongly arcuate from base to apex, margin fine, not visible 
from above, disc convex, coarsely and closely punctate and with squa- 
mules as on head, the median longitudinal impression well-defined, 
lateral foveae at base within posterior angles. 

Elytra almost four times length of prothorax, umbone well devel- 
oped, sides sinuate before middle, margin serrate posteriorly, disc con- 
vex, striae with deeply impressed large round and approximate punc- 
tures, intervals somewhat convex, the alternate more prominent, with 
double but irregularly placed rows of punctures, the squamules arising 
from all punctures. | 


Body beneath of a brilliant purplish coppery color and densely squa- 
mulose, coarsely closely punctate in front, much finer posteriorly, the 
apical segments in the female also quite granulose and furnished with 
rather long semi-erect silken hair which curves toward the front, the 
anterior margin of prosternum slightly sinuate, the fifth ventral with- 
out any trace of subapical carina. Length 7.5 mm., breadth 3 mm. 


This species is most closely related to A. guttifera Lec. and 
is no doubt congeneric but is now most decidedly distinct. It 
differs from guttifera in being more robust, by having the pro- 
thorax more grossly punctate, the elytral intervals not flat but 
somewhat convex, especially the alternate ones, and with a 
double series of punctures, by having the prosternum of a 
slightly different type, and by having a dense squamose vesti- 
ture instead of a sparse hairy one. This vestiture covers the 
entire under surface in the male and all but the apices in the 
female, these last segments in this sex having the long silky 
hair as in guttifera. This is the species listed by Fall’ as a 
variety of guttifera. I have a number of typical guttifera in 
my collection, also several A. versuta Horn, now considered 
to be the males of the preceding, and have seen numbers of 
others. They all agree in the essentials of sculpture and vesti- . 
ture and stand well apart from their Arizona relative. Their 
different areas of distribution also argue in favor of their be- 
ing different species. In the genus Acmaeodera the typical 

Arizona species are most decidedly different from the species 


5 Fall, H. C., Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. vii (1899), p. 21. 


188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ July, “19 


found in California outside of the more desert regions of the 
Southeast. The specimen mentioned by Fall, from Texas, 
having an intermediate type of vestiture, is either a variety of 
the Arizona species, or a species distinct from either this or 
guttifera. It cannot be a connecting form, seeing that it is not 
from intermediate territory but from a region at the extreme 
end of the distribution of one of the species. 

Type and paratype, both females, collected at Florence, Ari- 
zona, by C. R. Biederman, in the collection of the American 
Entomological Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. Nine other specimens from the National Mu- 
seum collection I have also critically examined. Two of these 
were collected at Catalina Springs, Arizona, April 26 and May 
5, by Hubbard and Schwarz, one on Jatropha multifida, the 
other seven at Hot Springs, Arizona, in June, by Barber and 
Schwarz. One of these was reared from “Palo verde.” These 
nine specimens all have the two anterior discal elytral spots 
three intervals broad and have five instead of four lateral 
spots, the additional spot being placed subapically. Four of 
the Hot Springs specimens I have designated as paratypes, a 
male and female which will remain in my own collection, and 
a male and female which will be returned with the five others 
to the U. S. National Museum. For the privilege of studying 
the two Florence specimens I am indebted to Dr. Henry Skin- 
ner and Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., and for the others to Dr. E. A. 
Schwarz and Mr. H. S. Barber. 

Acmaeodera quadrivittata Horn. 

This species is not as constant in marking as Dr. George 
Horn supposed. The specimens from Southern Arizona gen- 
erally have but one yellow stripe, the lateral one disappearing 
in certain cases or coalescing with the discal stripe in others. 
In the latter case the stripes are of course broad and they also 
often have one or two black spots. These specimens are also 
generally larger and more robust than typical specimens. 


Acmaeodera pubiventris Horn. (Plate VII, figs. 8, 9). 

A series of specimens of this species which were collected at 
Mojave, California, and which were kindly given to me by the 
collector, Mr. C. L. Fox, have furnished me with the proof 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189 


that A. lanata Horn and A. pubiventris Horn are but phases 
of one species. A. Janata Horn is but a vittate form of the 
other, as Mr. Fall surmised. A. biedermanu Skinner. I find, 
after having carefully examined the type, is almost an absolute 
synonym of A. lanata Horn. My series shows that the species 
varies from the typical phase to the vittate phase, var. lanata 
Horn, on one side and, on the other, to a phase having the 
markings numerous, small and irregular. The vittate phase 
may be found in the same territory with the others, but usually 
is not. In this connection I wish to state that several of our 
species which have unstable color patterns have the same type 
of variability, possessing a vittate type of maculation as one 
extreme and a nebulous as the other. Besides the species just 
discussed, this condition is found in A. acuta Lec. and: A. 
gemina Horn and approached in A. hepburn Lec. and A. neg- 
lecta Fall. 7 | 


Acmaeodera plagiaticauda Horn. 

As more specimens of this very fine species have been col- 
lected we find that it too is very variable. In certain specimens 
like those from the more desert regions, such as Bishop, Cali- 
fornia, the lateral fascia of the elytra may have its extreme yel- 
low instead of being all red. In others the discal markings may 
be entirely eliminated, leaving but three or four marginal spots. 
In a couple of specimens from the Sierra Madre Mountains, 
near San Gabriel, the anterior of the three lateral spots was 
yellow, the other two the normal red. Those specimens which 
have all of the spots red, narrow and lateral, like certain ones 
recently secured by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell near Hullville, Lake 
County, California, look superficially very much like the rare 
A. postica*Fall. This last can, however, be separated by hav- 
ing a different type of prosternal margin, by being of a coppery 
bronze color in contrast to the purplish bronze of the other, and | 
by having the punctures of the elytral striae and intervals of 
about equal prominence with the striae themselves, poorly de- 
veloped, whereas in the other the striae and strial punctures 
are prominent and interval punctures weak. A. plagiaticauda 


-Horn has in most cases been beaten from the manzanita, Are- 


tostaphylos, and no doubt breeds in this. 


190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


Acmaeodera cubaecola Duv. (Plate VII, fig. 6). 

This species, as was pointed out by Kerremans in his mono- 
graph, is the one that we have for some time been calling A. 
pulcherrima Duv. Mr. Fall in his synopsis had unfortunately 
accepted the rather hasty determination of Mr. Linell. Mr. 
Mutchler, of the American Museum of Natural History, who 
called my attention to the above correction, likewise showed 
me a Cuban specimen of the true A. pulcherrima Duv. which 
is a very much larger species and quite differently marked, as 
can be seen by referring to the splendid illustration given in 
Kerremans’ Monograph. The original description of Duval 
tallies exactly. A. pulcherrima Duv. has, so far as I now, never 
been taken in this country, but the beautiful orange-spotted 
A. cubaecola Duv. has not only been captured in Cuba but on a 
number of the Florida keys, as Key Largo, Key West and 
Metacombe Key. The species that we have erroneously listed 
as A. cubaecola Duv. is A. marginenotata Chev.® It is a Cuban 
species, but it has also been taken on Key Largo and Meta- 
combe Key, Florida. See Plate VII, fig. 7. 


Acmaeodera cribricollis Horn. 

I have a typical specimen of this rare species in my collec- 
tion, taken in the Imperial Valley, California, and have seen, 
besides, the type from Texas, one other from Southern Ari- 
zona. It is thus proven to be a species which has quite an ex- 
tensive range along our Mexican border. 


EXPLANATION OF Puiate VII. 


Figures of the right elytra of Acmaeodera (enlarged) : 
No. 1. Acmaeodera sinuata n. sp. typical. 


No. 2. Acmaeodera sinuata n. sp. variety. 

No. 3. Acmaeodera sinuata var. sex-notata n. subsp. - 
No. 4. Acmaeodera wenzeli n. sp. 

No. 5. Acmaeodera wheeleri n. sp. 

No. 6. Acmaeodera cubaecola Duv. 

No. 7. Acmaeodera marginenotata Chev. 

No. 8. Acmaeodera pubiventris Horn. 


No. 9. Acmaeodera pubiventris var. lanata Horn. 


6 “Coleopteres de i’Ile de Cuba.—Famille de Buprestides, Throscides, 
Eucnemides et Elaterides,” par 'M. Aug. Chevrolat, Anns. Ent. Soc. Fr., 
Vol. vii (1867), p. 583. 


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Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1g! 
Notes on Diacrisia virginica (Lep.). 
By J. D. MircwHety, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. 


In July, 1917, larvae of Diacrisia virginica were observed 
all over Victoria County, Texas, in limited numbers, feeding 
on various species of weeds. At Placido they attacked, three 
fields of cotton and, on about one acre in each field, defoliated 
the cotton, leaving the green bolls on the stalks. They spun 
cocoons in August. Owing to the extreme drought and the 
arrival of the cotton leaf worm, Alabama argillacea, Diacrisia 
virginica was lost sight of, and its work during the fall was 
unnoticed. 

In May, 1918, severe infestations appeared in Victoria and 
adjoining counties, and many complaints came in of cotton’ be- 
ing damaged. The writer spent some time in observations in 
Victoria and Calhoun Counties. 

The larvae were found feeding on the following plants and 
shrubs : 


“Balfour vine” 
“Blue bonnet” 
“Punk weed” 
“Partridge pea” 
“Rattle weed” 
“Common sunflower” 
“Satin sunflower” 
“Prairie sunflower” 


Cardiospermum halicacabum 
Lupinus subcarnosus 

Cassia occidentalis 

Cassia chamaecrista 
Crotalaria sagittalis 
Helianthus multiflora 
Helianthus argophyllus 
Helianthus angustifolius 


Tagetes sp.* “Marigold” 
Convolvulus (two species) “Bird weed;” “Morning glory” 
Lippia nodiflora “Fog fruit” 


_ Amaranthus retroflexus “Careless weed” 


Amaranthus albus 
Amaranthus spinosus 
Amaranthus hybridus 
Croton capitatus 

Croton texensis 

Salvia species 

Iva ciliata 

Ambrosia trifida 
Ambrosia elator 
Ludivigia natans 
Parthenium hysterophorus 
Euphorbia sp. ; 


“Careless weed” 
“Careless weed” 
“Careless weed’ 

“Large leaf sage” 
“Narrow leaf sage” 
“Wild sage;” “Bush sage” 
“Marsh elder” 

“Blood weed” 

“Rag weed” 

“Water purslane” 

“Road weed” 

Tall prairie “Milk weed” 


192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


Asclepias sp. Small “Milk weed” 
Solanum rostratum “Horse nettle” 
Amphiachyris dracunculoides “Broom weed” 
Monarda punctata “Horse mint” 
Verbesina helianthoides “Crownbread” 
Xanthium strumarium “Cockle bur” 
Chenopodium botrys “Jerusalem oak” 
Chenopodium album “Lamb’s quarter” 
Phytolacca decandra “Poke root” 
Eupatorium alternifolium “Ditch weed” 
Xanthoxylum clava-herculis “Prickly ash” 
Acacia farnesiana “Huisache” 


They were found feeding on the following cultivated crops: 


Gossypium hirsutum Cotton 
Zea:-Mays (only the silk is eaten) Corn 
Cucumis melo Cantaloupe 
Medicago sativa Alfalfa 
Arachis hypogoea Peanut 


They eat all garden truck. 

The first infestation appeared on weeds in pastures and on 
the roadsides. Where the weeds were plentiful they did no 
damage to crops, but where weeds were scarce the caterpillars 
invaded the fields, especially cotton fields. 

When very young, three pounds of Paris green and five 


pounds of lime, made into fifty gallons of spray, will kill the 


caterpillars ; but where they are large, no poisons or repellants 
seem to have any effect on them. | 

Some farmers claim to have kept caterpillars out of their 
fields, until a fair yield was assured, by dusting ahead of them 
with pure Paris green. When the caterpillars reached the poi- 
soned plants they turned back. Other farmers claimed to have 
saved a paying crop by going along the infested side and hand- 
picking and killing the caterpillars. This was practicable up to 
August and no doubt did some good. The caterpillars do not 
feed fast and do not all travel in the same direction as most 
army worms do. 

Up to October all of the caterpillars were of the light yellow 
variety, occasionally a mature specimen approaching a light 
brown. After October Io all caterpillars were black. 


* This is possibly Boebera papposa (Tagetes). 


ee EE 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 193 


From May until October 15 there. were five fairly well mark- 
ed generations, although from August on to the end of the 
season all sizes from very young to mature caterpillars could 
be found. : 

About November 1 I first observed dead caterpillars on weed 
stems. The living caterpillars would clasp the weed, usually 
as high as they could climb, and die, then swell up and exude 
a substance which clung to the hairs, giving the dead caterpil- 
lars a gray appearance. They would dry and remain clinging 
to the weed stems until knocked off. On November 5 I count- 
ed 701 caterpillars in three different directions from the town 
of Victoria, 662 dead and 39 still alive. 

Between October 26 and November 10 I put 100 mature 
caterpillars in cages in groups, to carry them through the win- 
ter. I have three cocoons from the lot. The balance died of 
this disease, which has been determined by Doctor Speare as 
Entomophthora anticae Reich. 

The caterpillars spin cocoons under trash, dead leaves or 
clods of earth, frequently in a bunch of twenty to thirty at- 
tached to each other. 

When the moths emerge they climb up the weed stems to 
stretch and dry their wings. They usually emerge in the night 
and I have observed them mating in cages the next day and 
laying their eggs during the second night and third day. The 
moths are averse to flying in the daytime and when disturbed 
stretch their wings straight up, curve the abdomen downward 
and remain rigid; occasionally one, when thrown high in the 
air, will use its wings in coming back to the earth, but usually 
they fall to the earth without an effort to fly.. I believe the’ 
males fly at night when seeking a mate. I have never observed 
a moth feeding in the field and I have never had one to feed in 
captivity, although I have tried them with flowers, fruits and 
sweets. The usual length of life of captive moths is about: 
five days. : 

Reports from Jackson and Calhoun Counties indicate that all 
of the last generation caterpillars are black, and practically all 
of the caterpillars are dying clinging to the weed stems. 


194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, °19 


The damage to cotton by Diacrisia virginica in Victoria and 
Calhoun Counties in 1918 is claimed by farmers to be from 
twenty-five per cent. to total destruction. I visited the land of 
Mr. Jay Hubbard in Calhoun County, and found the destruc- 
tion of cotton on sixty-five acres to be complete. The fields of 
Mr. Hubbard as well as the lands adjoining were free of weeds. 

The only parasite bred from this species is Eremotylus 
arctiae Ashmead, which has been determined by R. A. Cush- 
man. 


A Melaphis from Moss (Hom.) 


By A. C. Baxer, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, 
a, 


Only one American species has been recorded in the genus 
Melaphis. This is the type species, Melaphis rhois (Fitch), a 
form which produces galls on the sumach. Certain closely 
related species, occurring in other countries and like rhois 
forming galls on sumach have been referred to the genus 
Schlectendalia. This genus the writer (Ent. News, Vol. xxviii, 
p. 385) has placed as a synonym of Melaphis. All of the spe- 
cies referable to Melaphis, therefore, form galls upon some 
species of sumach. It is noteworthy that these are fall galls, 


not spring ones like most of the common galls produced on. 


poplar, etc., by species of Pemphigus and other aphids. The 
spring generations of our Melaphis rhois have not been dis- 
covered. | 

On April 29, 1916, Mr. E. B. Blakeslee sent the writer sam- 
ples of moss which he found infested with an aphid at Spring- 
field, West Virginia. At the time these samples were received 
only young apterous forms were present. It is quite probable 
that these were produced by stem mothers originally present, 
but no such forms were found. The moss was placed in breed- 
ing cages and the young insects reared to maturity. All of 
these proved to be winged forms which were unable to live 
upon the moss. Slide mounts of several of these were pre- 
pared, but before a careful study could be made of them all of 
the other alate insects were dead. 

As soon as‘a careful study was made of the specimens it 


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Vol. xxx| ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 


was found that they seemed to fall in the genus Melaphis. 
This had not been suspected or transfers to sumach would 
have been made to see if by any possible chance these might 
be the long missing spring migrants of rhois. It is true that 
they differ quite distinctly from rhois, but a connection with 
that species would be a remote possibility and worthy of a trial. 

Since the specimens mentioned no other examples have been 
found and as the species may not be again met with for several 
years it seems advisable to publish a description of the insect 
and thus call the attention of other workers to it in the hope 
that someone may have the opportunity to study its life history. 
Melaphis minutus n. sp. 

Alate viviparous female—Color yellowish green. Head and thorax 
darker. Eyes dark brown. Legs, antennae and borders of wing veins 
dusky. 


Length from vertex to tip of cauda about 0.96 mm., measurements 
of the antennal segments and their sensoria given in the accompanying 


Details of Melaphis minutus. 


A, Antennal segments III, 1V, and V; B, Forewing; C, A caudal pore plate 
from head; D, Thorax with two pore plates. 


table. Sensoria somewhat oval and transverse with a distinctly visible 
rim and surrounded with a row of dark black points. It is impossible 
to ascertain the exact nature of these but under the highest power 
available they appear as minute, thick spines. Segments III, IV and V. 
irregularly imbricated (Fig. 1-a). Head with three pairs of wax-pore 
plates visible from above, one of these on the vertex, one on the top of 


196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


the head, slightly in front of the eyes and the other near the caudal 
margin of the head. The number of facets in these (Fig. 1-c) varies, the 
caudal pair having about five each, whereas the more frontal ones have 
only two. Thorax with two large pore plates near the inner margins of 
the lobes (Fig. 1-d). These are composed of a rather larger number 
of facets, there being usually about ten. Forewing (Fig. 1-b) with the 
veins rather heavy, the media atrophied for some distance at the base. 
Cubitus and anal arising close together, sometimes united at their bases. 
Hind wing with the two oblique veins some distance apart at their bases. 
Hind tibiae about 0.352 mm. long, middle tibiae 0.272 mm. Beak reach- 
ing to the hind coxae. Cornicles absent. Abdomen with rather small 
marginal wax plates. Cauda and anal plate rounded. 


DETAILS OF ANTENNAE OF MBELAPHIS MINUTUS. 


Ant. III Sen. Ant. IV Sen. Ant. V Sen. 
0.08 mm. 8 0.048 mm. “3 0.08 mm. 4 
0.096 mm. 7 - 0.048 mm. 5 0.08 mm. 4 
0.096 mm. 7 0.048 mm. 3 0.08 mm. 4 
0.096 mm. 7 0.048 mm. 3 0.064 mm. 4 
0.08 mm. 7 0.048 mm. 5 0.064 mm. 4 


Described from a number of cotypes on balsam mounts bear- 
ing Bureau of Entomology, Q., No. 13052, and reared from 
moss on May 5, 1916. These slides have been deposited in the 
United States National Museum Collection. 


<> 
—_— 


The Early Stages of Catocala minuta and a Descrip- 
tion of a New Variety of C. obscura (Lepid.). 
By Ernst Scuwarz, St. Louis, Missouri. 


Ova. Elongated oval, transparent, smooth, glossy, light ochre. Area 
ahout micropyle rather large, marked by a ring of many small protu- 
berances; micropyle diminutive. 

Larva, Stage I. Head of larva light ochre, body whitish green, 
tubercle places marked with black dots. The anterior two pairs of 
prolegs are rudimentary, the posterior two are well developed and are 
lined posteriorly with black. 

Stage II. Head bifurcated, not deeply cleft; color whitish green, 
and the lines on side of lobes are irregular. Body color greenish 
white with the longitudinal lines a darker shade of green. The tuber- 
cles are marked by black dots. The true and, prolegs concolorous; 
no lateral setae. The ventral portion of the body is white, slightly 
tinged with green, usual dark blotches present. 

Stage III. Head small, bifurcated, rather round, cleft not promi- 


ee 


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Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 197 


nent. The inverted “V” space is lined and centered with an upright 
black dash. Beyond this space is a perfect “Y” mark of the same 
color; between this mark and the crest band is a very conspicuous 
upright line. There are no tubercles below the crest. Body: Color 
light-ashen, sprinkled with black; tapering in both directions: from 
the eighth segment. There is a mid-dorsal whitish line most conpicu- 
ous posteriorly from the elevation on the eighth segment; this elevation 
has a white center with a black ring at base. All tubercles are black, 
set in a ring of the ground color of the body; the true legs are con- 
colorous, the prolegs are pinkish with a black oval band, centered with 
violet. Fringes short, reddish white. The ventral surface is whitish 
green with the usual blotches black. 

*Stage IV. Head with stripes, which are more confluent on top and 
at the sides than in front. Body gray, with numerous blackish irrora- 
tions. Longitudinal lines very narrow and much broken, sometimes 
hardly traceable, with the intervening space somewhat paler. Eighth 
segment with the summit of the elevation whitish. Posterior half of 
seventh and anterior half of eighth segments at the sides pale gray. 
Fringes at sides fleshy white. Warts black. Underside white, with 
a black patch on each segment, between the abdominal legs. Thoracic 
feet translucent white, with black marks on the outside. Abdominal 
legs with an inverted, black loop on the outside of each. Length 25 mm. 

Stage V. Mature larva—Head semitranslucent, lilac gray, with 
whitish dots; sides and top of head black. Body sordid gray, densely 
covered with minute black dots, giving it a gray appearance. Warts 
small, with the summit orange. Eighth segment with a rather prom- 
inent elevation, black, summit pale. Dorsal warts on the last three 
segments larger than on the others. Fringes at sides pink. Posterior 
parts of the segments between the longitudinal lines darker than the 
anterior half. Underside white, with a large black patch on each seg- 
ment. Thoracic feet bluish white, each with two black dots outside. 
Length 40 mm. Food plant—Honey locust. (Gleditsia triacanthos.) 


The descriptions of stages IV and V, as recorded by Beuten- 
mueller for alcoholic specimens, are in every way as I have 
noted for living material. 

Biological Notes. The eggs of C. minuta are deposited sin- 
gly or in clusters, in crevices of bark on large trees, as well as 
openly on small shrubs of the honey locust. The eggs of this 
species are not-covered with a fibrous substance as are those 
of C. titania and C. illecta. The eggs of the latter species are 


covered with a glossy silken mass. The habits of the larva of 


* Stages IV and V are taken verbatim from an article by Wm. Beu- 
tenmueller in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 16: 381-82, 1902. 


198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


this species are very similar to those of C. titania. Bush-beat- 
ing by day or night is productive for all stages, as they rest 
near their feeding places. The black tubercles, the thorn-like 
elevation on the dorsal surface and the whitish mid-dorsal line 
are all factors in beautifully blending the larva with the color 
of its surroundings. 


Catocala obscura var. obvia n. var. 

Primaries: Ground color glaucous finely sprinkled with various 
shades of brown; all lines are prominently dark brown; t. a. line is 
single-lined anteriorly with light gray. Basal dash is not quite as 
dark as the t. a. and t. p. lines. This dash runs from the base to the 
middle of the t. a. line, and from there to the lower part of the sub- 
reniform, which is made up of two separate parts, the lower being a 
part of the t. p. line, while the upper part is oval in shape and smaller 
in size. Both parts are concolorous with the lining of the t. p. line. 
The t. p. line is prominent throughout its length, and is lined posteri- 
orly with light gray; the subterminal space is clear light brown; the 
terminal line is light gray fused with brownish gray, the color of the 
terminal space: All veins in the space marked with deep brown. The 
round reniform is concolorous with the subterminal space, ringed and 
centered with gray. 

The lower surface and secondaries above are same as in type. Wing 
expanse 70 mm. 


Habitat.—St. Louis County, Missouri. Type, I ¢ ; para- 
types, I ¢, 1 23; collection of author. 

These variants are larger in size than C. obscura, and I had 
at first taken them to be the variety simulatilis A. R. Grote, but 
since in the check list of Barnes and McDunnough simulatilis 
is a synonym of obscura, I have felt obliged to give this variety 
the above name. 


A new Genus of Cerambycidae from Wyoming (Col.). 
By CriareENcE E. MicxkeEL, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 
Nebraska. 

MEGACHEUMA pn. gen. 

Body subparallel, elongate. Last joint of palpi subtriangu- 
lar, truncate at the tip. Labrum free. Base of antennae partly 
enveloped by the eyes. Eyes finely granulated. Antennae sub- 
serrate, joints three to six produced above at the apex into 


RSIS ie ging Oa eee 


hee eS) a a 


ee hl 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 


short, sharp spines. Prosternum narrow between the coxae, 
declivous posteriorly. Anterior two-thirds of mesosternum 
oblique, posterior third flat. Scutellum very broad, rounded 
behind. Epimera of metathorax produced over the angles of 
the first ventral segment. Intercoxal process of first ventral 
segment rounded. Anterior coxae globular, prominent. An- 
terior tibiae not grooved. Tibial spurs large. Hind tarsi com- 
pressed. Apices of elytra rounded. 
Genotype, Megacheuma melanosticum n. sp. 


Differs from Cyllene and Trichoxys by having the proster- 
num narrow between the coxae, declivous posteriorly rather 
than vertical, in the subserrate antennae, and the rounded 
apices of the elytra. Differs from Calloides in the subserrate 
antennae and the prosternum narrow between the coxae rather 
than wide. Differs from Arhopalus in the subserrate antennae 
and the oblique mesosternum. Differs from Glycobius in the 
form of the antennae which is less serrate and less compressed 
than in that genus; also the prosternum is narrow between the 
coxae rather than broad as it is in Glycobius, and the elytral 
apices are rounded rather than truncate. 


Megacheuma melanosticum n. sp. (Text figs. 1-3). 

9. Length 16 mm. Body subparallel, elongate, thickly clothed with 
depressed, lemon-yellow pubescence. Head inserted in the thorax; 
covered with depressed, lemon-yellow pubescence and very sparse, 
erect hairs; frons flat, impunctate; a median line running from frons 
to occiput; vertex with very sparse, moderate, shallow . punctures ; 
occipital region bare of pubescence, shiny, moderately and irregularly 
punctate (some of the punctures confluent, others widely separated). 

Antennae reddish testaceous, subserrate, joints three to six produced 
above at the apex into short, sharp spines; first four joints of antennae 
covered with depressed, cinereous pubescence; remaining joints opaque 
and puberulent; second joint of antennae about two-fifths the length 
of the third, which is equal in length to the fourth; apical joint of 
antennae one and three-fifths times the length of the penultimate ~ 
joint, suddenly constricted a little beyond the middle and tipped with 
very fine, golden pubescence. 

Prothorax a little wider than long, sides rather strongly arcuate, 
very narrowly constricted at the base; covered with cinereous pubes- 


cence, except the lemon-yellow pubescence on the sternum and sides, 


200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


and a brown, trilobate cloud on the disk. Scutellum very broad, 
rounded behind. Elytra subparallel, clothed with lemon-yellow pubes- 
cence, fasciate with black as shown in figure; apices rounded. An- 
terior two-thirds of mesosternum oblique, posterior third flat. 

Legs reddish testaceous, except the femora which are picrous; 
clothed with short, depressed, cinereous pubescence and longer, semi- 


Fe | 


i 


\’ oe whl 
\\ \S 
Cae 
OU 
“Y WS 


Fi ig-3. X15 
Megacheuma melanosticum. Fig. 1, dorsal view; fig. 2, antenna; fig. 3, prosternum. 
erect, golden-brown pubescence; the latter very sparse on the femora, 
becoming denser on the tibiae and tarsi; tarsi with a few, interspersed, 


black hairs; hind tarsi compressed, the first joint equal in length to the 
combined lengths of the remaining joints. 


POST ITI, REST Conia 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201 


$. Length 13 mm. Differs from the @ as follows: The finer, re- 
cumbent pubescence of prothorax and legs entirely lemon-yellow ex- 
cept the brown, transverse, median fascia on the disk of pronotum; 
black fasciae on the elytra a little less extended; first joint of hind 
tarsi slightly longer than the combined length of the remaining joints. 


Type, female; Big Horn Basin, Wyoming, August 13, Ig10 
(H. S. Smith). 

Allotype, male; Big Horn Basin, Wyoming, August 13, Ig10 
(L. Bruner). 

The type and allotype are deposith {1 in the entomological col- 
lection of the University of Nebraska. 


es 
— 


North American Sarcophagidae; New Species of the 
Genus Sarcofahrtia R. Parker (Dip.).’ 


By R. R. Parker, Bozeman, Montana. 
Sarcofahrtia montanensis n. sp. (Text figs. 1, 3). 


Holotype (male) ; collection of R. R. Parker. 


Length 10 mm. This species differs from the genotype in the fol- 
lowing essential characters: Breadth of front at narrowest part about 
two-fifths that of eye; cheek height approximately three-sevenths that 
of eye; arista very short plumose; costal spine vestigial; calypters 
without dark hair on margin; hind femur greatly enlarged, arched 
and with a deep ventral emargination in profile, a row of bristles 
dorsally on its distal two-thirds, anteriorly, ventrally, and distally with 
a single bristle; hind tibia with anterior and posterior beards of 
medium long hair; middle tibia slightly bearded, submesotibial bristle 
present; fourth abdominal segment dark pollinose throughout; geni- 
talia specific (Fig. 1); forceps prongs approximated. 


Described from one male specimen taken at an altitude of 
6,000 feet on Beaver Creek, Madison County, Montana, in 
August, 1913. 

-Sarcofahrtia madisoni n. sp. (Text figs. 2, 4). 
Holotype (male) ; collection of R. R. Parker. 


Length 9 mm. This species differs little from S. montanensis ex- 
cept that the tibiae lack beards, the hind femur is slightly different 
in shape (Figs. 3, 4), and the genitalia are specific. 


Described from one male specimen taken at an altitude of 


1Contribution from the Entomology Laboratory of the Montana 
State College, Bozeman, Mont. 


202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


Sig. 


EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 


Fig. 1.—Genital segments and accessory structures of Sarcofahrtia montanensts n. sp. 
Fig. 2.—Genital segments and accessory structures of S madisoni n. sp. 
Fig. 3.—Profile view of hind femur of S. montanensts n. sp. 
Fig. 4.—Profile view of hind femur of S. madisont n. sp. 
Fig. 5.—Genital segments and accessory structures of S. atlantica n. sp. 
Fig. 6.—Arista of S. at/antica n. sp. 
Abbreviations: a. f., accessory plate; a. c., anterior clasper; /. c.. posterior clasper ; 
J., forceps; &. S. 2, second genital segment ; /¢, femur; ¢., tibia; £., copulatory organ. 


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Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 


6,000 feet on Beaver Creek, Madison County, Montana, in 


August, 1913. 
The hind femora of S. montanensis and S. madisoni resem- 


ble those of M etoposarcophaga incurva (Aldrich), but lack the 


ventral protuberance and brush. 


Sarcofahrtia atlantica n. sp. (Text figs. 5, 6). , 
Holotype (male) ; collection of R. R. Parker. 


Length 6.5 mm. The essential characters for distinguishing this 
species are as follows: Gena with irregular row of cilia; second anten- 
nal segment light colored; arista pubescent, distal segment slightly 
bulbous at base; bend of fourth vein an obtuse angle, thence almost 
a straight line to the margin; section VI of costa very short; scutel- 
lum with more than four pairs of bristles; submesotibial bristle absent ; 
the accessory plate is large and seems to be fused with the second 
genital segment (Fig. 5). 


Described from one male specimen collected at Hamden, 

Connecticut, May 22, 1911, by B. H. Walden. 

This species is markedly different from others of the genus. 
Table of Species. 

1. Hind femur much larger than normal, in profile with ventral 
ENR es oe ee ee ws ois alee ok Gd Be ca ee 2 
bind: temur.of notmal size. and shape 2.4.00 oi. oss a ches ees 3 

2. Hind femur as in figure 3; genital parts as in figure I, 

S. montanensis n. sp. 
Hind femur as in figure 4; genital parts as in figure 2, 
S. madisoni n. sp. 

3. Arista short plumose, its shape normal........ S. ravinia R. Parker 
Arista pubescent, its distal segment slightly bulbous at base, 

S. atlantica n. sp. 
The species herein described as new agree with the generic 

characters as originally listed (Psyche, vol. 23, p. 31, 1916), 

except that the tibiae are bearded in S. montanensis and the 

genae bear cilia in S. atlantica. The accessory plates are of in- 
terest due to their position and shape in montanensis, madisoni 

and ravinia, and because of their size and apparent fusion with . 

the second genital segment in atlantica. The posterior claspers 

in all the species are smaller than the anterior pair and are 
approximated on the median dorso-ventral plane. All the 
species have a row of strong bristles on the “hump” of’the first 
genital segment, but the posterior marginal bristles are weak 


or lacking. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., JULY, I9gI19. 


International Relations of Entomological Societies after the War. 

At the meeting of the Entomological Society of France, held 
December 24, 1918, the Council of the Society made a report 
on international relations after the war. After reciting the 
action taken by the Society from time to time as to its mem- 
bership from countries with which France was at war, in- 
cluding the expulsion of all those of its members who belonged 
to enemy nations, as voted on March 28, 1917, the report says 
| translation] : 


Now that the war is finished, the accounts ought to be regulated and 
definitively closed. Your Council. . . . has been specially incited 
by the decision recently taken by the interallied conference of scientific 
academies held at London October 9-11 last. An extract from the 
resolutions of this conference . .. . have recently been sent to the 
Entomological Society by the Academy of Sciences. [Then follow 
quotations from the proceedings of the conference, after which the 
Council of the.society recommended the adoption of this statement :] 

The Entomological Society of France declares that, fer a period 
subsequently to be indicated: 

1. No individual appertaining to the nations which have made war 
on the allied nations can be admitted as a member of the Society. 

We designedly employ the expression “which have made war,” and 
not “which have been at war,” in order to specify that we do not 
intend to touch by this interdict members of nationalities. oppressed 
for a long time by the German and Austro-Hungarian empires and 
who found themselves, against their will, in a state of war with us— 
Danes, Czechs, Poles, Croats, etc., or with greater reason, is it neces- 
sary to say, our brothers of all time, Alsatians and Lorrainers. 

2. Under penalty of expulsion, no member of the Entomological 
Society of France can take part in scientific societies of nations which 
have made war on the allied nations. 

Those members of the Society who belong to enemy societies should, 
as soon as circumstances will permit them, send in their resignations 
as members of those societies in such way as they prefer, either indi-. 
vidually or collectively. 

a, Under penalty of expulsion, no member of the Entomological 


204 


ee ee 


aad a ee ee ee a eS py ee eae 


age 


ag LE la ie Ba aaa 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 


Society of France can publish anything in the journals or reviews of 
the enemy countries. 

4. The Entomological Society of France does not subscribe directly 
for any publication of the enemy countries; it will procure those which 
appear to be necessary through intermediaries. 

5. The Entomological Society of France does not furnish its pub- 

lications directly to any national of the enemy countries; such must, if 
they desire them, procure them through intermediaries. 
’ Moreover, the Entomological Society of France expresses the wish 
that, among the reparations which will be demanded from the enemy, 
the allied and associated governments will include those for injuries 
caused to allied entomologists by destruction or pillage of their col- 
lections and libraries. 

The conclusions of this report were put to vote and adopted 
unanimously. (Bulletin Soc. Ent. France, 1918, No. 20, 1919.) 

At the meeting of the same Society, held February 26, 1919, 
the President, M. E. Moreau, read a letter written in the name 
of the Entomological Society of Belgium by the latter’s Secre- 
tary, H. Schouteden, dated Brussels, February 18, 1919, stat- 
ing, inter alia, that the Belgian Saciety had unanimously rati- 
fied the expulsion of all its German and Austro-Hungarian 
members without exception, and decided to entertain no rela- 
tions whatsoever with the entomologists of the central empires 
and not to make any exchange of publications with them. 
(Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1919, No. 4.) 

The severance of relations between scientific bodies, as above 
declared, is one of the least of the evils due to the recent war. 
We can appreciate the feelings of those who decline to have 
any direct communications with the enemy and it is not to be 
expected that intercourse will be restored for many years to 
come. When we turn from these lesser evils to the greater 
and consider the enormous losses in life, in happiness, in op- 
portunities for productive labor, in property, which to some 


degree have been experienced by every one of the inhabitants 


of the civilized world, no punishment can be deemed too severe 
for the imperialistic group which, positively or negatively, 
plunged mankind into the horrible struggle. No false notions 
of forgiveness, charity, or mercy should be allowed to stand 


between that group and the death penalty. 


206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


Entomological Literature. 


COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Naturai Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, 
ee whether relating to American or exotic species, will be re- 
corded. 

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. 

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 
first installments. 

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north 
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat. 

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- 
tomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- 
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 

2—Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Phila- 
delphia. 4—Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 6—Journal 
of the New York Entomological Society. 8—The Entomologist’s 
Monthly Magazine, London. 10—Proceedings of the Entomologi- 
cal Society of Washington, D. C. 17—Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 
20—Bulletin’ de la Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 22— 
Bulletin of Entomological Research, London. 32—Insecta. Revue 
Illustree d’Entomologie, Rennes. 38—Annales de la Societe Ento- 
mologique de Belgique, Brussels. 50—Proceedings of the United 
States National Museum, Washington. 54—Proceedings of the 
Biological Society of Washington, D. C. 59—Journal of Agricul- 
tural Research, Washington, D. C. 77—Comptes Rendus des 
Seances de la Societe de Biologie, Paris. 80—Revue Suisse de 
Zoologie, Geneve. 82—The Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus. 
85—The Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 88— 
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michi- 
gan, Ann Arbor. 91—The Scientific Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 92— 
Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Paris. 96— 
Physis. Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, 
Buenos Aires. 97—Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural 


de Buenos Aires. 


GENERAL. Hopkins, A. D.—The bioclimatic law as applied to 
entomological research and farm practice. 91, viii, 496-513. Jack- 
son, F. SA method for the preservation of insect larvae and 
pupae. 4, li, 117-18. Lochhead, W.—Class book of economic ento- 
mology (P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., Phila., Pa., 436 pp.). Snyder & 
Shannon—WNotes on the insect fauna of bank swallow’s nest in Vir- 
ginia. 10, xxi, 110-12. Weiss & Dickerson—Insects of the swamp 
rose-mallow, in New Jersey. 6, xxvii, 39-68. Winn, A. F.—Kirby’s 
insecta: Vol. IV. Fauna Boreali Americana. Restriction of an in- 
definite locality. 4, li, 104. : 


EE ee eT eee eM es Tee See ele eae 


ee ee ee ee a 


oe eee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 


PHYSIOLOGY, GENETICS, ETC. Bridges, C. B.—The ge- 


netics of purple eye color in Drosophila. 85, xxviii, 265-304. 


ARACHNIDA AND MYRIAPODA. Brolemann & Lichten- 
stein—-Les vulves des diplopodes, memoire preliminaire. 92, Iviii, 
173-218. Fage, L.—Etudes sur les araignees cavernicoles. III. Le 
genre Troglohyphantes. 92, Iviii, 55-148. Walter, C—Hydraca- 
rinen aus den peruanischen Anden und aus Brasilien. 80, xxvii, 
19-59. 


Barrows, W. M.—New spiders from Ohio. 82, xix, 355-60. 
Chamberlin, R. V.—A new Parajulus from Br. Columbia. 4, li, 
119-20. Emerton, J. H.—New spiders from Canada and the ad- 
joining states. No. 2. 4, li, 105-8. 


NEUROPTERA. Howe, R. H.—Addition to the Odonata of 
Franconia region, N. H. 4, li, 93. Macnamara, C.—Remarks on 
Collembola. 4, li, 73-80. Snyder, T. E—Some significant struc- 
tural modifications in nearctic termites. 10, xxi, 97-104. William- 
son, E. B.—Notes on species of the genus Heteragrion, with de- 
scriptions of new sps. [neotropical]. 88, No. 68, 65 pp. 


ORTHOPTERA. Hebard, M.—Studies in the Dermaptera and 
Orthoptera of Colombia. I. Dermaptera and orthopterous families 
Blattidae, Mantidae and Phasmidae. 2, xiv, 89-179. Vinal, S. C.— 
The respiratory system of the Carolina locust (Dissosteira caro- 
lina). 6, xxvii, 19-32. 


Rehn & Hebard—A new sp. of grasshopper of the genus Chloe- 
altis from the Pacific slope. 2, xlv, 81-87. 


HEMIPTERA. Blanchard, E. E.—Una nueva especie de “Aleu- 
rothrixus” (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). 96, iv, 344-47. Bruch, C.— 
La forma macroptera de “Neoblissus parasitaster.” 96, iv, 353-4. 
Gibson, E. H.—Notes on the N. Am. species of Corizus (Coreidae). 
4, li, 89-92. Pennington, M. S.—Notas sobre la larva y la pseudo- 
imagen de la “Nezara abnormis.” Un hemiptero nuevo para la 
Argentina. 96, iv, 332-34; 335-6. Tothill, J. D—Some notes on the 
natural control of the oyster-shell scale. 22, ix, 183-96. 


Baker, A. C.—An undescribed sps. of Dryopea injurious to 
Phyllostachys. (Aphididae.) 10, xxi, 104-6. Davis, W. T.—Cicadas 


‘of the genus Cacama, with descriptions of several n. sps. 6, xxvii, 


68-79. Ferris, G. F.—A contribution to the knowledge of the Coc- 
cidae of southwestern U. S. (Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Pub., Univ. 
Ser., 68 pp.).. Gibson, E. H—The genera Corythaica and Dolicho- 
cysta (Tingidae). 54, xxxii, 97-104. McAtee, W. L.—Key to the 
nearctic genera and sps. of Berytidae (Heteroptera). 6, xxvii, 79-92. 


208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’ 


LEPIDOPTERA. Brethes, J-—Sobre una lepidopterocecidia del 
lecheron “Sapium aucuparium.” 96, iv, 356. Brocher, F.—Les or- 
ganes pulsatiles meso-et metatergaux des lepidopteres. 92, Iviii, 
149-171. Ehrmann, G. A.—New tropical American Papilios. 17, 
iii, 36-8. Giacomelli, E.—Observaciones entomologicas. 96, iv, 363- 
66. de Joannis, J—Les Gallerides doivent former une famille di- 
stincte des Pyralidae. 20, 1919, 105-8. Knetzger, A.—Vanessa cali- 
fornica at St. Louis, Mo. 1%, iii, 33-4. McMurray, N.—Some luna 
notes. 17, ili, 34. Sanchez, D.—Sobre ciertos elementos aisladores 
de la retina periferica del Pieris brassicae. (Trab. Lab. Invest. Biol. 
Univ. Madrid, xvi, 1-18.). Stowers, N.—Notes on Feralia major. 
17, iii, 35-6. 


Barnes & McDunnough—A new race of Plebeius icarioides from 
Vancouver Island. Notes on the genus Olene, with description of a 
n. sp. 4, li, 92-3; 102-4. Busck, A.—A new sp. of Bucculatrix inju- 
rious to hollyhock. 10, xxi, 109-10. Clark, B. P—Some undescribed 
Sphingidae (Proc. N. England Zool. Club, vi, 99-114). 


DIPTERA. Brethes, J—Description de la galle et la cecido- 
myie d’ “Aeschynomene montevidensis.” 96, iv, 312-13. Grimshaw, 
P. H.—The collection and preservation of diptera. (Scot. Nat. 
1919, 55-61, cont.). Pierre, C-—Nervulations anormales de quelques 
dipteres Tipulifornies. 20, 1919, 75-7. Townsend, C. H. T.—Ovi- 
position of Rhinogastrophilus nasalis. 4, li, 120. 


Aldrich, J. M.—Two new gen. of Anthomyiidae. 10, xxi, 106-9. 
Cole, F. R.—The dipterous family Cyrtidae of No. Am. 2, xly, 1-79. 
Malloch, J. R—A new sp. of Hylemyia and of Coenosia from Can- 
ada (Anthomyiidae). 4, li, 95-6. 


COLEOPTERA. Bedel, L.—Le Silpha indica, consideré comme 
enigme est un Megalodacne de lAmerique du Sud, 20, 1919, 114-16. 
Blair, K. G—Notes on the Pythidae with descriptions of n. sps. 8, 
1919, 112-20 (cont.). Brethes, J—Description de deux Coleopteres 
Cantharides de Catamarca. 96, iv, 360-1. Bruch, C.—Nuevos hues- 
pedes de hormigas procedentes de Cordoba. Captura de ceram- 
bicidos. Descripcion de nuevos cerambicidos argentinos. 96, iv, 
186-95; 354-5; 355. Frers, A. G—Metamorfosis de la “Lema bili- 
neata.” 96, iv, 336-39. Pic, M.—Deux especes nouvelles du genre 
Camaria, du Bresil. 20, 1919, 117-18. 


Dawson, R. W.—New sps. of Serica (Scarabaeidae). 6, xxvii, 
32-9. Notman, H.—C. collected at Cochrane, northern Ontario... 
with descriptions of six n. sps. 6, xxvii, 92-102. 


HYMENOPTERA. Arthus, M.—Recherches experimentales sur 
le venin des abeilles. 77, Ixxxii, 414-15. Brethes, J.——Description 
d’une nouvelle espece de ‘ ‘Sphex” de la Republique Argentine. Un 
Bembecido cazador de hemipteros. 96, iv, 347-48; 348-9. Cockerell, 
T. D. A—Bees in the collection of the U. a National museum.— 
3. 50, lv, 167-221. Frers, A. G—Nidificacion y metamorfosis del 
“Pachodynerus argentinus.” 96, iv, 322-26. Holmberg, E. L.—Suple- 


os 


q 
. 


it eae HR or 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209 


mento 1 a las especies argentinas de Coelioxys. 96, iv, 145-66. 
Sladen, F. W. L.—Further notes on the latimanus group of the bee 
genus Megachile. 4, li, 85. Urbahns, T. D.—Life history observa- 
tions on four recently described parasites of Bruchophagus fune- 
lius. 59, xvi, 165-73. 


Banks, N.—New Psammocharidae and Philanthidae. 4, li, 81-5. 
Brues, C. T.—Notes and descriptions of N. Am. Serphidae. 6, 
xxvii, 1-19. Cushman, R. A.—New genera and sps. of ichneumon 
flies. 10, xxi, 112-20. Gahan, A. B.—Notes on some genera and 
sps. of chalcid-flies belonging to the Aphelininae, with description 
of an. sp. 50, lv, 403-7. Muesebeck, C. F. W.—Three new sps. of 
Braconidae. 4, li, 113-16. 


atts 
— 


Crass Book or Economic Entomotocy. With Special Reference to 
the Economic Insects of the Northern United States and Canada. By 
Wittiam LocuHeapD, B.A., M.S. (Cornell), Professor of Biology in 
Macdonald College of McGill University, etc. With 257 illustrations. 
P. Blakiston’s Son and Co., 1012 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Price 
$2.50 net. 

This book is another addition to the increasing number of works 
on this subject, its make-up is admirable and there ‘s a large amount 
of valuable information condensed into its 436 pages. Part One is 
devoted to the structure, growth and economics of insects, and includes 
the external anatomy, special organs of sense, internal anatomy, embry- 
ology, development, metamorphosis, insects in relation to birds and 
plants, relation to the transmission of disease, behavior toward stimuli, 
to temperature and humidity, distribution and methods of study. Part 
Two is one of great usefulness as it consists of tables for the identi- 
fication of insects and the tables are arranged under different headings 
—cereal crops, indian corn, clover and alfalfa, stored grains, roots, ~ 
garden vegetables, fruits, shade trees, greenhouse plants, domestic 
animals, including poultry, and also household pests. Part Three is 
devoted to the classification and description of common insects. Part 
Four treats of remedial and control measures and the book concludes 
with a glossary of terms and an index. 

As a text-book and as a practical guide “to injurious insects this is 
0 of the very best books thus far published—Henry SKINNER. 
(Advt.). 

ne nen 


OBITUARY NOTES 


WILLIAM FRANCIS DE VISMES KANE, known for his Cata- 
logue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland (1901), Handbook of the — 
Butterflies of Europe (1885) and for his writings on other 
groups of animals, archaeology, etc., died at Drumreaske 
House, County Monaghan, April 18, 1918. He was born near 
Exmouth, Devon, England, in 1840. Obituary notices are in 


the Ent. Mo. Mag., Nov., 1918, and the Entomologist, Oct., 


1918. 


210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, ’19 


The Entomologist (London) for May, 1919, contains an 
obituary notice of SypNEy Wesp (1837-1919), a writer of 
monographs on British Tineina and other Microlepidoptera. 


At the meeting of the Entomological Society of France held 
February 12, 1919, it was announced that “the Grand Duke 
Nicotas MicHatLovitcH, honorary member of the society, 
and two of his brothers had been recently massacred at Petro- 
grad. The news appears‘unhappily certain today.” The Grand 
Duke is known entomologically for the nine volumes of “Me- 
moires sur les Lépidoptéres rédigés par N. M. Romanoff,” St. 
Petersbourg, 1884-1897, consisting of essays by himself and 
others on chiefly Palaearctic species and illustrated with col- 
ored plates. : 


Dr. RAPHAEL BLANCHARD, parasitologist and historian of 
medicine, who died in Paris, February 3, 1919, aged 62, pub- 
lished on pathogenic Diptera and also a separate work, Les 
Moustiques (Paris, 1905). An obituary notice recently ap- 
peared in Science (April 25, 1919). 


JuLEs KuNKEL D’HERcwLats, honorary assistant at the Na- 
tional Museum of Natural History, Paris, died December 22, 
1918, at Conflans-fin-d’Oise, France, aged 75 years. His work 
on Volucella (1875) was awarded one of the great prizes of 
the Academy of Sciences. In the course of his studies in Al- 
geria and the Argentine Republic, he published important 
memoirs on migratory Acrididae and on the early stages of 
their parasites, Mylabrus and Cleridae. (Bull. Soc. Ent. 
France, 1918, No. 20.) 


Dr. W. J. Holland has given an interesting account of the 
life and activities of the well known collector, HERBERT 
HUNTINGTON SMITH, in Science for May 23, 1919. We hope 
to have an article from the same pen, specially devoted to Mr. 
Smith’s entomological work, in the next number of the NEws. 
Mr. Smith was born at Manlius, New York. January 21, 1851, 
and killed by accident March 22, 1919, in Alabama. 


R. Kosert, professor of pharmacology at Rostock, whose 
death on December 27, 1918, aged 64, is announced in Science 
for June 6, was known entomologically for his Beitrage zur 
Kenntniss der Giftsbinnen (1901), containing his results on 
the poison of the Malmignatte (Latrodectes tredecimguttatus). 


EnT. News, Vol. XXX. Plate IX. 


HERBERT HUNTINGDON SMITH. 


ZAC. MSIE ee Te 


25 ee 


| 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XXX. 


OCTOBER, Ig!19. No. 8. 
CONTENTS: 
Holland—Herbert Huntingdon Smith 211 | Scott—Abundance of Cicadas in Belu- 
Alexander—Two new Crane-flies eee GHIG¢GAN wcsissceevet. aruda o ao saiagets 230 
California (Tipulidae, Diptera).. Changes of Address............- ieancs 230 
Skinner—A New Species of Argy ala: - Prof. Bruner’s Retirement ......-ee+0+. 231 
from Utah (Lepid., Rhop )........ 21 Memorials to the late F. D. Godman... 231 


Lankester—Costa Rican 
a MNS RON Bocas 0k vad cctesivess 216 

Fu houser—A New Ty locentrus from 
Arizona (Membracidae ; Homop.) 217 
bags weg Non-gall-making Midges 
(Dip., Cecidomyidae)........2...+: 
ParshleyOn the Preparation of ‘He- 
era for the Cabinet............ 223 

Editor al—The Resting Place of Col- 


219 


228 

Frison—The Occurrence of Eurema 
mexicana Boisd. in Illinois (Lep.) 228 

Severin—The Cause of the Delay of 


Martin—Notes on the Occurrence of 
Schizax senex in California (Col., 
Cerambycidaé)..0 0.266 cccwenes sia 231 

Entomological Literature ............. 

Fletcher’s Report of the Imperial 
Entomologist, 1917-1918..,......... 237 

Miyake’s Studies on the F ruit-flies. of 
JARUD ccs cccgacs\ @hnwsewectescedccs 2 

Doings of Societies—Feldman Collect- 

ing Social (Dip., Col., Hym., Lep ) 238 
Amer. Ent. Soc. (Col., Lep., Dip., 

COTU ie ccc veccs toe eeeee cscs 239 
Ent. Sec., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. (Lep. ) 240 


Publication of the Selys Catalogue 229 


Herbert Huntingdon Smith. 
(Portrait, Plate IX) 

In the death of Herbert Huntingdon Smith, which occurred 
on March 22, 1919, at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, the world iost 
one of the most indefatigable and successful field-naturalists 
who has ever lived.. In recent years Mr. Smith was afflicted 
by deafness, and was struck by a railway train, of the ap- 
proach of which he was unaware, and was instantly killed. 
He was born at Manlius, New York, on January 21, 1851, and 
was therefore in his sixty-ninth year at the tinie of his death. 
He leaves his widow, Mrs. Amelia Woolworth Smith, and an 
only son, Huntingdon Holland Smith, the latter a successful 
young man of affairs, residing at Atlanta, Georgia. 

Mr. Smith was well known in scientific and literary circles. 
While still a student at Cornell University in 1870, he accom- 
panied his friend and teacher, the late Prof. C. F. Hartt, to 
Brazil. In 1874 he returned to Brazil and spent more than 
three years in making natural history collections in the vicinity 


ait 


212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. POct.,.’19 


of Santarem, on the northern tributaries of the Amazons, and 
on the Tapajos, concluding his stay in the country by a sojourn 
of some months in the neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro. Shortly 
after his return to the United States he was commissioned by 
the Messrs. Scribner to write a series of articles for their 
magazine upon Brazil and twice revisited the country, on one 
trip being accompanied by an artist, who was employed to 
illustrate the papers he wrote. One of the results of these 
journeys was the volume entitled “Brazil, the Amazons, and 
the Coast,” which was issued from the press of the Scribners 
in 1879. In the fall of 1880 he married Miss Amelia Wool- 
worth Smith of Brooklyn, N. Y., and together they repaired 
to Brazil, residing there until the spring of 1886, making 
their headquarters at Rio de Janeiro, but traveling extensively 
in all parts of the country and making great collections of 
natural history specimens. A volume in the Portuguese tongue 
entitled “De Rio de Janeiro a Cuyaba’’ was one of the by- 
products of these years of travel and research. The year 1889 
was passed in Mexico, where extensive collections were made 
for Mr. F. Ducane Godman, who was engaged in the prepa- 
ration of his monumental work, the “Biologia Centrali-Ameri- 
cana.” From 1890-1895 he spent much of his time in the 
employment of the West Indian Commission of the Royal 
Society in making a biological survey of Trinidad and the 
Windward Islands. At the same time he was engaged in 
writing and editing as a member of the staff of the “Century 
Dictionary,” the “Century Cyclopedia of Names,” and “John- 
son’s Cyclopedia.” In these works almost everything relating 
to South and Central America and their fauna and flora is 
from his pen. From 1897-1903 he was most of the time in 
the employment of the Carnegie Museum, three years being 
spent in collecting in the province of Santa Marta in Colom- 
bia. From 1904 until his death he resided in Alabama, during 
the last: ten years of his life being the curator of the Museum 
at the University of Alabama. 

Mr. Smith was interested in all branches of zoology and 
botany. He collected vertebrates and invertebrates equally 


4258 Fah atts daa om. thay i5-o 


seh Tae 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 213 


well. In Colombia he made a vast collection of plants. In 
every field a multitude of new and undescribed species _re- 
warded his diligence. The literature of science for the past 
thirty or more years so far as it contains descriptions of new 
or little known neotropical species is everywhere replete with 
the notation “(H. H. Smith coll.).” 

The writer has not been able to command the time to make 
a search for the total of new species which he turned up and 
which have so far been described, but ventures with perfect 
confidence the assertion that such species must already ag- 
gregate several thousands. 

The work done by Mr. Smith in the field of entomology 
was particularly great. The entomological collections made 
by him are mainly contained in the National Museum at Rio 
de Janeiro, in the British Museum (derived from the gift of 
the collections of F. D. Godman) and in the Carnegie Museum, 
though parts of his collections are scattered widely in other 
museums. There are in the Carnegie Museum in the neigh- 
borhood of 25,000 species of Brazilian Coleoptera assembled 
by him and many thousands of species of insects in other or- 
ders. A memorandum recently received by the writer from 
Mrs. Smith states that the Arthropoda collected during the 
vears of Mr. Smith’s journeys in Brazil up to May, 1886, ag- 
gregated approximately 40,000 species, distributed as follows: 


PAVINONOOCET Ae oo 8 Siete 5,000 
es ee oe 2,500 
BE ice ork cv oo bee on Lass 2,600 
ON pe leas oe 23,000 
(ag EMR OG rire ioe: bet ON ote 3,300 
Serene a ee, 600 
PRMCO DUCT An 6 hos ae oes ek Cea 300 
PR er cs ey) 2,000 
SemCen ae  cce: eee 250 
MMA ive ric. hie 390,550 species 


The collections contained an aggregate of at least half a 
million of individual specimens. Portions of the collections 
have been carefully studied and reported upon. Ashmead, 
Cresson, and others have in part worked over the Hymen- 


214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [| Oct., *19 


optera. Williston did something with part of the Diptera. The 
Lepidoptera so far as they represented the species of Middle- 
America were studied by Godman and by Herbert Druce. 
Champion wrote up a part of the Coleoptera, but the beetles 
of Brazil as a whole remain for the most part to be studied; 
P. R. Uhler has described many of the Hemiptera, as did 
also W. L. Distant. The Orthoptera have been studied by 
Dr. Lawrence Bruner and the Odonata by Dr. P. P. Calvert. 

Nevertheless there remains a residuum of unstudied and 
undetermined material in England and America garnered by 
H. H. Smith which still calls for attention and which probably 
represents many thousands of nondescript species, especially 
among the micro-coleoptera. 

Herbert H. Smith and William Doherty, both Americans, 
were undoubtedly the two ablest zoological collectors in the 
field during the last two decades of the Nineteenth and the 
first decade of the Twentieth Century. 

W. J. HoLvanp. 
Ocean House, Watch Hill, R. I., Aug. 25, 1grg. 


40> 
=r 


Two new Crane-flies from California (Tipulidae, 
Diptera). 
By CuHaARLeEs P. ALEXANDER, State Laboratory of Natural His- 
tory, Urbana, Illinois. 


Erioptera (Acyphona) sparsa sp. n. 

General coloration yellow; femora with a narrow dark-brown band 
just before the tips; wings subhyaline with sparse brown markings. 

@. Length 5.8 mm.; wing 6.4 mm. 

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the basal segments 
yellowish, the apical half brown. Head dark. 

Mesonotal praescutum dull yellow with three brown stripes; scu- 
tellum yellowish. Pleura more infumed. MHalteres pale, the knobs 
orange-yellow. Legs with the coxae dull yellow: trochanters yellow; 
femora yellowish with a narrow brown ring that is close before the 
tip; tibiae yellow, the tips narrowly and indistinctly darkened; tarsi 
brown, the metatarsi paler basally. Wings pale yellowish subhyaline 
with dark-brown markings, including a narrow seam along the cord; 
small spots at the base of the. wing and the origin of the sector; 


a ee ee ee ee ee eee. ee, ee ee S| 


a si 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 215 


larger marks at the ends of the longitudinal veins, R4+5 excepted. 
Venation: Similar to the closely related EL. armillaris, but m slightly 
before midlength of M3. 

Abdomen dull yellow, the pleural region brownish. Ovipositor very 
long and slender. 


Holotype: 2, Berkeley, California, May 28, 1915 (M. C. 
Van Duzee). 

Type in the collection of the author. 

E. sparsa is very similar to E. armillaris O. S. of the Eastern 
United States, but the wings are paler with a much more 
restricted pattern, the marks at the origin of the sector and 
the ends of the anal veins small, and the femoral brown ring 
narrow and closer to the tips. 


Limnophila hepatica sp. n. 

General coloration dark liver-brown, the diane unstriped; wings 
with a faint brownish suffusion, the stigma and a blotch at r-m brown. 

2. Length 7.5 mm.; wing 8 mm. 

Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown, the first 
scapal segment elongated. Head dark gray. 

Mesonotum dark liver-brown, shiny, without stripes, the postnotum 
a little more reddish. Pleura dark brown, the dorsopleural membranes 
more yellowish. Halteres pale, the knobs a little darkened, the stems 
rather elongated. Legs with the coxae yellowish, the fore coxae a 
little darkened; trochanters yellowish; legs except the fore pair 
broken, these latter with the femora dark brown, the basal quarter 
more yellowish; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a faint 
brown suffusion; stigma large, oval, dark brown; a brownish cloud 
on r-m. and adjoining veins; base of the wing slightly yellowish; veins 
dark brown. Venation: Sci ending opposite the basal deflection of 


_R4+5; r removed from the tip of R1; Rs long; R2+3 a little shorter 


than the basal deflection of Cul; r-m in alignment with the basal 
deflections of R4+5 and M1+2; cell 1st M2 small; petiole of cell M1 
about as long as this cell; basal deflection of Cur slightly beyond mid- 
length of cell rst M2. 

Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal shield of the ovipositor 
dull black, the valves long and slender, rusty in color; sternites dull 
yellowish. 


Holotype: 2, Fieldbrook, California, May 18, 1903 (H. S. 


Barber). 
Type in the collection of the United States National Mu- 


~seum. 


216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., *19 


A New Species of Argynnis from Utah 
- (Lepid., Rhop.). 
By Henry SKINNER. 


Argynnis utahensis, n. sp. 

Upperside. Primaries dull fulvous with the extra discal rounded 
‘ spots as in Argynnis chitone except that the spots near the apex are 
somewhat smaller than in that species and they are not so black and 
well pronounced. The basal area of the wing is not nearly so dark as 
in chitone. 

Secondaries are the same color as the primaries with the usual black 
markings. The base of the wing is not obscured by dark scales as is 
the case in some of the allied species. 

Underside. Primaries relatively light in color with two spots near 
the apex and three of the submarginal lunules faintly silvered. 

Secondaries much as in chitone, but lighter in color with less black 
around the silver spots. Some specimens are devoid of silver spots. 

The female is like the male, but slightly larger, and the base of the 
primaries is much redder than in the male. 

This is the species that has always been confused with chitone Edw. 
It can be readily differentiated by less black on the basal areas above 
and below and by the generally lighter colors. 

The male expands 53 mm. and the female 55 mm. 


The type was taken by the writer in City Creek Canyon, 
Salt Lake City, Utah, July 6th, and the allotype at Silver Lake, 
Brightons, Utah, July 12th. There are nine paratypes from 
_City Creek Canyon, taken on the 4th to the 6th of July. Four- 
teen specimens from Ogden, Utah, and four from Park City, 
Utah, taken by A. J. Snyder in the first half of July. Three 
specimens from Provo, Utah, taken by T. Spalding in July, 
and four specimens from David Bruce labelled “Utah.” 

The types and other specimens are in the collection of The 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 


<> 
=<er- 


Costa Rican Butterflies (Lepid., Rhop.). 


On December 30th (1918) I took on the Cairo branch a female of 
Hyvpolimnas niusippus, which may be a first record for Costa Rica. 

We have found larvae and reared them, on Hygrophila confuta 
(Acanthaceae), of Amphirene epaphus, though as this is so common 
a species, it is unlikely to confine itself to that plant and probably . 
affects other species of the same family. The larva is very handsome, 
velvety black with pale yellow bars at the segments, the chrysalis grass 
green.—C. H. LANnxKeEsteEr, Cartago, Costa Rica. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 217 


A New Trylocentrus from Arizona (Membracidae ; 
Homoptera). 


By W. D. FUNKHOUSER.* 
(Plate X) 


The genus Tylocentrus VanDuzee was erected for the ac- 
commodation of T. reticulatus VanDuzee, described} from 
specimens from Utah and Arizona. The type species is ap- 
parently common throughout the southwestern part of the 
United States and I have received from Mr. H. H. Knight of 


Ithaca, New York, a long series of specimens collected by him 


during the Summer of 1917 in the vicinities of Fabeus, Texas, 
and Ft. Stockton, Texas. Mr. Knight’s field notes record the 
host-plant of this insect as the “screw-bean” (Strombocarpa 
odorata (Torrey) A. Gray)¢ and the specimen labels bear the 


‘dates of July 5 for the Ft. Stockton material and July 9 for 


the Fabeus specimens. 
Since the description of the type species, the genus has re- 
mained monotypic but the following insect must now be added: 


Tylocentrus quadricornis sp. nov. (Plate X; Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4). 

Near Tylocentrus reticulatus VanDuzee but differing prin- 
cipally in the shape of the head and clypeus, the shape of the 
posterior process and in having four distinct pronotal horns 


in the female. 
- Robust, mottled yellow, brown and black, finely punctate, pubescent ; 
four well developed pronotal horns extending in a row across the dor- 
sum in a line with the humeral angles, the middle pair being the 
shorter; scutellum plainly exposed, bidentate; posterior process narrow 
at base, high and arcuate at extremity, slightly elevated above teg- 
mina; tegmina semiopaque, mottled yellow, ferruginous and brown; 
legs yellow, banded with brown. 

Head twice as wide as long, very roughly sculptured, swollen in 
centre, brown with black markings at margins of eyes and a black 
spot above each ocellus, finely punctate, closely pubescent with whitish . 


* Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of 
Kentucky. 

+ VanDuzee, —&. P. Studies in North American Membracidae. Bull. 
Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. ix, pp. 118-119, pl. 2, figs. 39 and 40. April 18, 1908. 

£ Syn. Prosopis pubescens Bentham. ? 


218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. font, “19 


hairs; base of head elevated and strongly sinuate, highest above ocelli; 
eyes gray, elongate, much wider than high; ocelli small, brown, not 
conspicuous, protruding, about equidistant from each other and from 
the eyes and situated about on an imaginary line drawn through cen- 
ters of eyes; inferior margin of genae convex, protruding, sinuate; 
clypeus three times as long as broad, brown in centre, darker at mar- 
gins, luteous at tip, extending for more than two-thirds its length 
below inferior margins of genae, punctate, pubescent, tip rounded, 
swollen, pilose with long white hairs. 

Pronotum yellow with a spot over each eye, the tips of the horns 
and the apical half of the posterior process black, the area behind the 
horns and before the base of the posterior process brown, the entire 
pronotum finely punctate and densely pubescent with white or grayish 
hairs; metopidium much wider than high, slightly sloping, somewhat 
convex and swollen in center, entirely light yellow except for a black 
callosity above each eye; median carina distinctly percurrent; humeral 
angles large, prominent, triangular, blunt, extending outward almost 
as far as the suprahumeral horns above them; suprahumeral horns 
short, heavy, blunt, somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally, about one- 
fourth as long as the distance between their bases, brown with the 
tips black, extending outward and upWard but not at all forward or 
backward, apices blunt, roughly carinate and slightly bent downward; 
between the two suprahumeral horns and on a line with them are two 
other horns which are short, conical, blunt, yellow with black tips, 
extending almost directly upward, about equidistant from each other 
and from the suprahumerals and about as long as the distance. be- 
tween their bases; scutellum plainly exposed on each side, about as 
long as broad, strongly bidentate, base brown, punctate and pubescent, 
tip yellow; posterior process short, slightly upraised, basal half nar- 
row and nearly straight, distal half wider and strongly upraised to 
form a high arcuate crest, this crest longer than high, the tip black and 
acute and extending almost to the internal angles of the tegmina. 

Tegmina semiopaque; base brown, coriaceous, punctate and pubes- 
cent; next to the coriaceous base a semicircular whitish fascia; cen- 
tral part of tegmina brown; tip lighter and subhyaline; veins very 
strong, heavy, brown, with short irregular branches projecting out into 
the cells. Apparently five apical and three discoidal cells. Marginal 
membrane very narrow. 

Sides of thorax brown, punctate and pubescent. The white arc 
made by the fascia just before the base of the tegmen is continued 
downward over the sides of the metathorax and mesothorax and up- 
ward over the pronotum by a line of white tomentose pubescence. 
Abdomen brown, margins of segments lighter. Femora brown; tibiae 
strongly mottled with alternate patches of brown and yellow, spinose; 
tarsi flavous; claws brown. 


Ent. News, Vol. XXX. Plate x. 


4 


TYLOCENTRUS QUADRICORNIS.—FUNKHOUSER. 


ee a ee ae 


ee Mer ed re 


ere ee en Te 


Mh Sa i a a a os 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 219 


Length including tegmina 5.2 mm.; width between tips of supra- 
humeral horns 2.8 mm. 

Type: female. Locality: Lewis Springs, Arizona. 

Described from two females collected at Lewis Springs, 
Arizona, on June 18, 1915, by Mr. Harold Morrison. Mr. 
Morrison’s field notes record that the insects were taken in 
“miscellaneous beating and sweeping” but no data as to its 
peculiar host-plant are available. Type and paratype in 
author’s collection. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. 
. Lateral view of Tylocentrus quadricornis sp. nov. 
Front view of head and thorax. 
Dorsal outline. 
Right front wing of type specimen. 


Fig. 


Lam 


Sai ae 


Five Non-gall-making Midges (Dip., Cecidomyidae). 
By E. P. Fett, Albany, New York. 


The members of two subfamilies and one tribe of the third 
subfamily of our gall midges, make no galls and are of little 
interest to the students of vegetable deformations. These 
anomalous gall midges are extremely interesting to the sys- 
tematist, morphologist and the biologist because in many re- 
spects they present most interesting gradations between the 
gall producers and the series of small flies, living for the most 
part in decaying vegetable matter. 

| The types, presumably, are in the State Museum at Albany. 
—Ep. } 


Prionellus eremi n. sp. 

The male described below was collected at Brainerd Lake, 
Boulder County, Colorado, by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, dated 
August 28, and forwarded in April, 1918. This species is allied 


to P. hesperia Felt and P, latipennis Felt, from both of which. 


it may be easily separated by its greater size and the relatively 
longer basal enlargement of the flagellate antennal segments: 
and the relatively shorter fourth palpal segment. 


6. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely 
haired, reddish brown, 14 segments, the 5th with a stem 34 the length 


220 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS. [Oct., ’19 


of the subcylindrical basal enlargement, which latter has a length 24 
times its diameter. Terminal segment reduced, with a length about 
twice its diameter and tapering to an irregular, rudimentary knob. 
Palpi: first segment short, quadrate, second a little longer, more slen- 
der, third as long as the second, and the fourth about % longer than 
the third. © 3 

Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum reddish brown. Post- 
scutellum yellowish brown. . 

Abdomen mostly dark yellowish brown, the basal genitalic seg- 
ments darker. 

Wings hyaline; halteres fuscous yellowish. Coxae yellowish brown. 
Legs mostly fuscous straw, the distal tarsal segments dark brown. 

Genitalia: basal clasp segment short, stout, terminal clasp segment 
short, somewhat swollen distally, tapering and curving to an irregular, 
obtuse, heavily setose apex. 


Type Cecid. A. 2903. 


HORMOSOMYIA 2. gen. 

The genus belongs in the Porricondylariae and may be easily 
recognized by the five long veins, the cross vein being nearly 
parallel with costa, the fourth vein simple, weaker than the 
others and obsolescent basally, the fifth vein simple and the 
sixth free. The structure of the antennae and the genitalia of 
the male are most suggestive of Porricondyla Rond. from 
which it is easily separated by alar characters. 

Type: H. oregonensis n. sp. 


Hormosomyia oregonensis n. sp. 

6. Length 4 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, 
16 segments, the 5th with a stem 24 times, the length of the basal 
enlargement. which latter has a length nearly three times its diam- 
eter, a sub-basal whorl of short, stout setae, ‘a subapical whorl of much 
longer, slender setae and a sparse apical whorl of shorter, slender 
setae lying mostly parallel with the axis of the segment. Terminal 
segment produced, tapering gradually and with a length about five 
times its diameter and apically an irregular, spindle-shaped appendage. 
Palpi: moderately long, first segment with a length about three times 
its diameter, the second and third segments each nearly as long as the 
first, and the fourth segment nearly twice the length of the third and 
somewhat dilated. 

Mesonotum shiny reddish brown, the submedian lines sparsely hair- 
ed, the collar, the posterior median area, scutellum and postscutellum 
mostly yellowish. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 221 


Abdomen rather thickly haired, dark brown, genitalia fuscous yel- 
lowish. 

Wings hyaline, subcosta uniting with the margin near the basal half 
and the cross-vein nearly parallel with costa, the third vein stout, 
strongly curved distally and joining the margin well beyond the apex. 
fourth vein simple, weaker than the third, obsolescent basally. Fifth 
vein a little stouter than the third, simple, obsolescent basally; sixth 
vein simple, moderately stout, strongly curved distally and uniting 
with the posterior margin a little before the basal half. Halteres 

mostly pale yellowish. 

Legs nearly uniform dark brown, the femoro-tibial and the sis: 
tarsal articulations narrowly yellowish. Claws moderately long, stout, 
curved, unidentate, the tooth with a series of minute denticulations 
basally. The pulvilli about half the length of the claws. 

Genitalia: basal clasp segment moderately long, stout; terminal 
clasp segment long, tapering triangular when seen from the dorsum, 
the length being about 2% times the greatest width. The apex slightly 
curved and obtuse, and not noticeably chitinized. Dorsal plate short, 
broad, tapering to a broadly, slightly emarginate, somewhat lobed 
posterior margin. Ventral plate divided, the lobes broadly quadran- 
gular and sparsely setose. Style short, stout, acute apically. 


Type Cecid. 1790. 
This remarkable specimen was collected by Mr. F. R. Cole, 
October 10, 1918, at Forest Grove, Oregon. 


Porricondyla consobrina n. sp. 

This insect was collected August 3, 1918, at Gull Lake, near 
Muskoka, Ontario, Canada, by H. S. Parish. The species is 
very close to P. juvenalis Felt, from which it is most easily 
separated by its somewhat larger size, paler color, reduced 
chitinization of the abdominal segments and the distinctly 
longer tips of the lance-like harpes. 

6. Length 25 mm. Antennae a little longer than the els thickly 
haired, fuscous, the stems whitish transparent, 16 segments, the fifth 


with a stem two and one-half times the length of the basal enlarge- 
ment, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter. 


Terminal segment with a length four times its diameter and tapering. 


gradually and nearly uniformly to an acute apex. Palpi: first seg- 
ment with a length about four times its diameter, the second about as 
long as the first, a little stouter, the third one-half longer than the 
second, more slender, and the fourth one-half longer than the third. 
Thorax and body a nearly uniform pale yellowish. MHalteres yel- 
lowish transparent. 


222 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS. [ Ort." 19 


Coxae and femora basally of the fore and midlegs pale yellowish, 
the entire femora and tibiae basally of the hind legs pale yellowish, 
the remainder of the legs dark brown. Claws moderately long, stout, 
slightly curved, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. 

Genitalia: basal clasp segment short, very broad, terminal clasp seg- 
ment short, greatly swollen and heavily spined apically, dorsal plate 
long, broad, deeply and narrowly incised, the lobes roundly quadrate 
and sparsely and coarsely setose apically; ventral plate moderately 
long, broad, deeply and roundly emarginate, the lobes narrowly 
rounded, setose. Harpes slender, lance-like, the strongly chitinized 
apex turned at almost right angles and with a length nearly one-half 
that of the basal portion. 


Type Cecid. 1797. 


Porricondyla fultonensis n. sp. 

This male was taken probably on June 17, 1916, by Mr. C. 
P. Alexander at Woodworth’s Lake, Fulton County, New 
York, and forwarded for determination in December, 10918. 
It falls in the series with sixteen antennal. segments and is 
allied to P. canadensis Felt and P. dilatata Felt, from both of 
which it is easily separated by antennal differences as well as 
other structural characteristics. 


$. Length 2mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, thickly 
haired, dark brown, the stems whitish transparent, 16 segments, the 
sth with a stem 1% the length of the basal enlargement, which latter 
has a length 2% times its diameter. Terminal segment slightly pro- 
duced and with a subglobose node apically. Palpi: first segment with 
a length nearly three times its diameter, the second a little shorter, the 
third at least’ the length of the second, and the fourth nearly twice 
the length of the third and somewhat compressed. 

Mesonotum dark reddish brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. 
Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish orange. 

Abdomen sparsely haired, dark brown, genitalia reddish yellow. 
Halteres mostly dark brown, fuscous yellowish apically. Legs mostly 
fuscous straw; coxae dark brown. Claws stout, simple, the pulvilli 
about half the length of the claws. 

Genitalia: basal clasp segment broad, sparsely setose, terminal clasp 
segment as long as the basal clasp segment, slightly curved, moder- 
ately stout, tapering at both extremities. Dorsal plate short, broad, 
rather deeply and roundly emarginate, ventral plate a little longer, 
broad and broadly rounded. 


Type a2953. 


ee ee eS ae ee 


Se ee ee ee ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 223 


Colpodia colei n. sp. 

The male described below was collected June 2, 1918, at 
Forest Grove, Oregon, by F. R. Cole. It is related to C. 
americana Felt, from which it may be most easily separated by 
its larger size and marked differences in the structure of the 
genitalia. 

é. Length 2mm. Antennae one-half longer’ than the body, sparsely 
haired, dark brown, ? 16 segments, the fifth with a stem twice the 
length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half 
greater than its diameter. Palpi: first segment with a length three 
times its diameter, second as long as the first, stouter, the third one- 
half longer than the second, more slender, and the fourth one-half 
longer than the third, more slender. 

Mesonotum dark brownish red. Scutellum and postscutellum mostly 
pale yellowish. 

Abdomen yellowish brown. Halteres pale yellowish. 

Legs a nearly uniform pale straw. Claws moderately long, stout, 
unidentate, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. 

Genitalia: basal clasp segment short, stout, terminal clasp segment 
short and greatly swollen, apically pectinate. Dorsal plate moderately 
long, deeply and narrowly incised, the lobes broadly rounded. Ven- 
tral plate long, incised, the lobes narrowly rounded. Harpes appar- 
ently consisting of two slightly bowed, long chitinous pieces, the tips 
crossing near the median line and a basal chitinous structure with 
heavy, sublateral processes extending posteriorly. The structure of 
the harpes is very different from C. americana Felt. 


Type C. 1791. 


On the Preparation of Hemiptera for the Cabinet. 


By H. M. Parsutey, Smith College, Northampton, 
Massachusetts. 

Some years ago the Editor of this Journal published a lead- 
ing article in which he urged the importance of care and neat- 
ness in mounting and labeling insect specimens, and no doubt 
there has been some general improvement in subsequent years, 


especially in the matter of recording full data. But there is 
still need for attention to this department of entomological 


technique, as I am frequently reminded in going over the col- 
lections of Hemiptera which pass through my hands. It may 
seem surprising to note that the worst offenders in this respect 


224 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS. Oct, 719 


are not to be found among those who pursue the study as an 
avocation, often interested more particularly in other orders, 
but rather among the students of agricultural colleges where 
entomology occupies a large share of attention and each of 
the various groups of insects presumably receives due notice. 
Many of these student collectors are to become professional 
entomologists and yet their instructors, in many cases, fail to 
insist upon this elementary matter of adequate skill in mount- 
ing specimens and preserving them in a condition fit for study. 
Still, perhaps this is what we might reasonably expect. To 
my mind this state of affairs is one of the manifestations of 
the “practical” spirit which is making such notable headway 
in the state universities—the same spirit which eliminates the 
study of the classics, elevates every trifling trade to the dignity 
of an academic pursuit, and in general places the things of the 
dollar above the things of the spirit. The science of entomol- 
ogy has reached its present state of advancement very largely 
through the unpaid effort, the labor of love, of enthusiasts, 
and we may hardly look for any progress that is worth while, 
in the technique of mounting specimens or in matters of 
higher import, if entomologists, professional or otherwise, 
come to be actuated as a class by any spirit other than that of 
the true amateur. ) 

Among the dealers also are many who display a hopeless 
lack of skill in mounting specimens, probably because of the 
same fundamental reason; the shining exceptions are invari- 
ably men who love the study for itself, quite apart from any 
commercial interest. In spite of the immense labor involved, 
it is usually necessary for the purchaser to order his. speci- 
mens unmounted and to provide his own printed labels, if he 
is to obtain materials worth keeping. Strange indeed that in 
the case of dealers practical considerations do not lead to 
proficiency in the methods required in mounting insects of the . 
various orders. Slovenly mounting is an unmixed, wide spread, 
and unnecessary evil; poorly mounted specimens are frequent- 
ly almost worthless for purposes of study and always quite 
unfit for admission to the collection of the student who feels 


ee ee |. ae eae 


eS a eo ee Fe 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 225 


any concern for the neatness of his cabinet. How many 
tedious hours must be spent in relaxing and remounting ex- 
amples which by reason of extreme rarity or some special 
scientific interest are withheld from the waste-basket—a fate 
otherwise well deserved! It requires but little additional ef- 
fort to prepare specimens properly in the first place, and it is 
hoped that the suggestions offered below may be of some ser- 
vice in the matter. | 

In mounting Hemiptera, only the black steel pins of Ameri- 
can manufacture should be used. They are of course far su- 
perior in every way to the bright brass pins, so liable to cor- 
rosion and so prone to bend, and yet some collectors still use 
the latter. It is true that the steel pins will rust in the 
presence of moisture, as at the sea-shore or when the collec- 
tion is stored in a basement, but under the same conditions 
mould will grow on the specimens and hence undue humidity 
must always be avoided, aside from the question of pins. It 
is often recommended that Hemiptera be pinned through the 
scutellum, but with certain families this is not advisable. In 
the Reduviidae, for instance, the scutellum is proportionately 


“so small as to be entirely destroyed by a pin otherwise of suit- 


able size for the insect, and in such cases it is usually best to 
pin through the posterior lobe of the pronotum. The Corixi- 
dae, where the scutellum is usually concealed, may be pinned 
through the right hemielytron, like beetles. For convenience 
in comparing specimens under the binocular, as well as for 
aesthetic reasons, the insects should all be set at a uniform 
distance from the head of pin, with about 14 the length of the 
pin projecting above the insect—an oft-repeated injunction 
but one little heeded. This is to be accomplished with the aid 
of the pinning block described below. As it is often necessary 
to examine the hind wings and dorsal surface of the abdomen, 


_a specimen or two of each sex in every species should be pin- 


ned with the wings unfolded, but not spread on a setting 
board, an artificiality not needed in mounting Hemiptera. 
Specimens so small as to be injured in the least by a No. 2 pin 
should be mounted on points, e» g., almost all Miridae, Antho- 


226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Qet., 719 


coridae, Saldidae, etc. Disregard of this rule, which is not un- 
common, results either in badly damaged specimens, or the 
use of inconveniently fine pins, or both. 

There.are many forms of double mounts, recommended for 
use in mounting small insects. For Hemiptera I find the card- 
board point most suitable, the others clumsy in appearance as 
compared with the minute specimens which they are designed 
to support, and otherwise objectionable. But there are points 
and points! Thin paper is not at all suitable, though often 
used; extremely large or extremely small points are alike bad ; 
celluloid is refractory in several ways. A rather heavy white 
bristol board of the very best quality may be recommended 
as the finest material. This should be cut in strips 7-8 mm. in 
width, from which the elongated triangular points «are easily 
made with scissors, the tips of varying widths from sharp to 
blunt depending on the form and size of the insect to be 
mounted. The point should be placed on a No. 3 black pin 
at a height slightly less than that of ordinary pinned insects, 
and the tip bent sharply downward so that it may be affixed 
to the right side of the insect with a minute quantity of ad- 
hesive. By this method of mounting, the entire surface of the 
specimen, except a part of one side, is in full view—a great 
and obvious advantage, but it is rare indeed to meet with mate- 
rial thus prepared. In the few cases where the form of the 
body does not lend itself to this method of mounting, a very 
narrow point may be used, so placed as to conceal as little of 
the ventral surface as possible. The best adhesive material, 
in my experience. is white shellac, which may be obtained in 
dissolved form at hardware stores. By a little manipulation, 
drying or thinning with absolute alcohol according to circum- 
stances, a consistency may be obtained such that the speci- 
mens will remain in place immediately upon affixing. The 
fixative should be very restricted in quantity, so that the stu- 
dent may be spared the labor of experimenting with various 
solvents in the effort to bring to light the imbedded specimen. 

For fixing specimens, points, and labels at uniform heights 
on the pins, some form of pinning block is a necessity. I have 


| a 


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Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 227 


found a metal block superior in many respects to the more 
common wooden kind. It is a cylindrical piece of brass, 5 cm. 
in diameter by 4 cm. in height, with three numbered holes, 
bored very carefully with a 1.5 mm. drill to the following 
exact depths: No. 1, 27 mm. for fixing points; No. 2, 17 mm. 
for locality labels; No. 3, 10 mm. for adjusting the height of 
specimens by inserting the head of the pin. 

Most collectors now label their specimens with locality and 
date of collection, but there are still those who omit to mention 
the collector, perhaps because of embarrassment at seeing such 
frequent repetition of their own names. This natural feeling 
of modesty should, however, be repressed, since it is frequent- 
ly of the utmost importance for the student to know who the 
collector is. Very often it is desirable to write to the collector 
for further information regarding some specimen under ex- 
amination, but more important than this is the fact that the 
collector’s name indicates definitely the ultimate authority, the 


person responsible for the record. There is unfortunately 
a wide variability among collectors in the care which they be- 


stow upon their specimens and hence in the reliance which 
can be placed on their data, so that in the presence of speci- 
mens indicating unusual distribution, for instance, the student 
has every reason to require the collector’s name. As an in- 
stance in point, might be cited certain specimens of Hemiptera 
which came to my notice some time ago. The data accom- 
panying these specimens indicated an occurrence far beyond 
the known range of the species, and I would have viewed the 
case with some suspicion had not the collector’s name, printed 
on the labels, been that of a Coleopterist well known for his 
extremely careful methods of work. 

One of the finest aspects of our science is the opportunity 
for co-operation which it affords. Most entomologists are 


specialists of necessity and all frequently meet with materials 


which would be of great value to others, if collected and pre~ 
served with care. It may steal some attention from one’s espe- 
cial pursuit to learn and practice faithfully the methods of 
others, but it would seem most decidedly worth while, most 
certain to advance the study of entomology in general. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, 1919. 


The Resting Place of Collections.. 

If possible, decide during your life time what you wish 
done with your collection after your death, and make a will. 
If you don’t do this the collection will probably go to the very 
place you would least like to have it; or it may go to the devil 
via the Anthrenus route. 

Do not give it or will it on condition that it be kept intact, 
as that is a most foolish form of egomania and will defeat 
your wishes and make the collection a source of trouble wher- 
ever it is, and it will be practically neglected. 

You must trust some one and why not trust the entomolo- 
gists that will have charge of it? A collection that is not 
growing and added to, unless it contains types, is surely a 
dead one. Imagine a museum with numerous collections to 
be kept intact and separate, and examining all of them, one 
after the other, for purposes of study. Memorials should 
take some other form: perhaps special pin labels and a good 
picture of the donor, displayed in the museum, suitably in- 
scribed. There is a tendency in these days to keep holotypes 
separate and this would also make the intact collection of less 
use for study. There are many excellent reasons for our 
advice and a number of cases in illustration could be cited, 
but space forbids.—H. S. 


Notes and News. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 

The Occurrence of Eurema mexicana Boisd. in 
Illinois. (Lepid.). 

The capture of Eurema mexicana Boisd. in Illinois is so uncommon 
an occurrence that a few notes on the subject are perhaps not out of 
place. 

Dr. Henry Skinner, in his Synonymic Catalogue of the North Amer- 
ican Rhopalocera, listed this species as occurring in Mexico, the ex- 
treme southwestern states and occasionally in Nebraska, Iowa and 


228 


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Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 229 


Illinois. Dr. H. G. Dyar records the species from Mexico and on the 
authority of Dr. Skinner from the Mississippi Valley. Dr. W. J. 
Holtand says the species is abundant in Mexico, common in Arizona 
and not uncommon in Texas. 

On October 18 and 19, 1911, the writer took fourteen specimens of 
this species at Champaign, Illinois. Prior to that time and since then 
no additional specimens of the species have been taken. My attention 
was first attracted to this butterfly because of its slow low flight, fre- 
quently interrupted by short stops among the grasses on the ground. 
Any number of specimens of this pierid might have been captured as 
they were flying in flocks as certain other butterflies do during migra- 
tions. The butterflies were flying in a southwesterly direction — 
THEODORE H. Frison, Champaign, Illinois. 


The Cause of the Delay of Publication of the Selys Catalogue. 


The publication of the Catalogue des Collections Selys has been com- 
pletely stopped during the war because, in order to proceed with it, it 
would have been necessary to submit it to the odious German cen- 
sorship. . 

It was not that there was ever any fear that authorization to publish 
would have been refused us. The enemy, on the contrary, would 
have asked nothing better than to be able to show publications made 
in Belgium; he would have drawn an argument from them to defend 
his bad cause and make the world believe that the sufferings of the 
Belgian people were greatly exaggerated, since the intellectuals could 
continue their work under the shield of the magnanimous occupant! 

Besides, ever rapacious, he found in the conditions regulating 
authorizations a source of benefices: whoever published must deliver 
to the censor a certain number of copies and when works of a certain 
commercial value were in question, it was extortion erected into a 
system. Moreover, distribution of copies could only take place through 
the German booksellers who centralized everything at Leipzig, from 
which place delivery was made to foreign countries. 

It seemed, in these circumstances, neither dignified nor patriotic 
(and never would we have consented) to submit the publication of the 
scientific monument erected to the memory of the great Belgian, that 
Edm. de Selys Longchamps was, to such shameful merchandising. 

We do not think, moreover, that the delay caused by the war to so | 
many publications, begun or in preparation, constitutes a scientific 
calamity. Science, who is sometimes invoked to an extent beyond her 
higher and imprescriptible rights, is rarely injured by delays of publi- 
cation; often she gains thereby, for the works deferred are frequently 
better, more finished, more matured. That scientists declare them- 


selves injured we willingly admit, but that has nothing in common 


230 ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS. POet.; “10 


with the interest of science herself. There is a confusion here which 
is often desired and which it is good to dissipate. Be that as it may, 
when priority is concerned, the interest of describers is entirely worthy 
of consideration; we guard ourselves from misconception and we 
honor the more those whose sense of their dignity and their patriotism 
has caused them to decide to impose upon themselves the great sacri- 
fice of deferring the publication of a description of a species or of a 
more important scientific discovery. 

It is fitting, and we make it a duty to ourselves, to signalize the 
case of one of our most distinguished collaborators, Dr. F. Ris, of 
Rheinau. The printing of his masterly work on the Libellulinae was 
completed in 1916 and the last fasciculus could only be distributed 
today, March 1, 1919. Many descriptions of new species have lost 
priority by the fact of this delay. We think that there is ground for 
establishing the rights of Dr. Ris in certain cases and we beg our 
colleagues to examine them and to act toward him in all equity, now 
that the quite exceptional cause of the delay is known to all.—G. 
SEVERIN, Conservator at the Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de 
Belgique. [Translated.] 


Abundance of Cicadas in Beluchistan. 

Apropos of the present year as a 17-year Cicada year the following: 
“At Quetta, from the 15th to the end of June, 1918, there was a regular 
plague of Cicadas. A certain road, running out of Quetta for about 
five miles, was lined with small mulberry and a few willow and other 
‘trees. The trunks and branches of these trees were so closely studded 
with the Cicadas that they appeared gnarled and discolored. When 
a motor car passed along the road the insects continually rose in a 
swarm, resembling a swarm of large bees. The ground on either side 
of the road was pitted with the holes of the pupae, and the empty 
pupal cases clung in dozens to every plant and shrub. In the evening 
the noise near the trees was deafening. The imagines were about 
two inches long, colored yellow with red markings, but unfortunately 
I was unable to identify the species. On being disturbed they squirted | 
a clear white fluid from the abdomen. lf a drop of this entered the 
eye it caused smarting and irritation. In spite of this dogs, cats and 
chickens all eat them with relish. At about the end of June they began 
to die off and the ground under the trees was littered with their 
bodies. Some of the smaller trees were so damaged by their attacks 
that they lost their leaves——F. B. Scotr in Entom., London, April, 1919. 


Changes of Address. 

Cuartes W. Lene, Secretary of the New York Entomological So- 
ciety and Research Associate in the American Museum of Natural 
‘History, has been appointed Director of the Museum of the Staten 
Island Institute of Arts and Sciences. 


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Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 231 


EpmMuNp H. Gisson has resigned his position with the U. S. Bureau 
of Entomology and is entering upon a new field of endeavor for him- 
self. Pclieving that entomology can be put on a dignified professional 
business hasis the same as law, medicine, engineering, etc., he is taking 
the initial step and believes that after a certain amount of pioneering 
work the field should open up to other entomologists. Mr. Gibson’s 
headquarters, for the time being, will be Alexandria, Virginia. His 
professional card is worded “Consulting Entomologist and Agricul- 
tural Engineer.” 


Prof. Bruner’s Retirement. 

Prof. Lawrence Bruner, eminent for his work on Orthoptera of 
North, Central and South America, has retired from active charge of 
the department of entomology in the University of Nebraska, accord- 
ing to Science for August 30, I919. Myron H. Swenk succeeds him 
in this office and in that of State Entomologist. 


Memorials to the late F. D. Godman. 

Memorials in the form of a bronze tablet, with medallion portraits 
of Dr. Godman and his lifelong associate, Osbert Salvin, to be placed 
in the Natural History Museum at South Kensington, and of a “God- 
man Memorial Exploration Fund” are planned, according to the same 
number of Science. The initiative for the tablet is due to a committee 
of which Lord Rothschild is chairman; the Fund has its beginning in 
an offer of £5000 from Dame Alice Godman and Her two daughters. 
Contributions received by the Committee over and above the amount 
required for the tablet will be added to the exploration fund. 

The committee will welcome the co-operation of Americans. Con- 
tributions should be sent to Mr. C. E. Fagan, honorary treasurer, God- 
man Memorial Fund, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Lon- 


don, S. W. 7. 


Notes on the Occurrence of Schizax senex in California (Col., 
Cerambycidae). 

The fascination of the deserts of Southern California which leads 
visitors to her grim fastnesses to a longing to return again and again, 
is particularly strong to the entomologist who revels in the strange 
fauna as well as the glowing sunsets with their ever changing colors 
and mysterious shadows. Like the prospecting “desert rat,” who. 


fares forth in search of mineral wealth, the collector of insects is 


constantly buoyed up by the hope of a lucky strike. New species may 
be found and rare treasures of insect life lure one back to another 
camp in some still unexplored canyon. 

From the glowing coals of a mesquite camp fire near Palm Springs 
I was led to the discovery of a rare cerambycid which I do not find 


232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ict 15 


recorded from California previously. Large brush piles furnished a 
plentiful supply of fuel and led me to take a few sticks home to try 
its burning qualities in a stove. These sticks laid in the wood shed 
until December, when I tried splitting one of the sticks and greatly 
to my surprise found neatly packed away in a cell next to the outer 
bark a beetle new to my experience. This stranger turned out to be 
Schizax senex Lec., previously recorded from Arizona. 

The galleries and cells of Schizax were most numerous in the limbs 
ranging in size from one-half to one inch in diameter. The cells 
were very little larger than the gallery and extended to the thin outer 
bark. In December there were both pupae and adults in the cells, but 
in February all were adults fully matured and with normal coloring. 

Other mesquite brush heaps of the same age about four miles distant 
showed no signs of Schizax borings, though the first pile yielded about - 
fifty pairs. From the above I am inclined to think that this beetle is 
local in occurrence. 

From some of these infested boughs which I took home and placed 
in a cage (home was then in Pasadena) the beetles emerged from 
March 3 to 25.—J. O. Martin, Berkeley, California. 


Entomological Literature. 


COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and © 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, 
A whether relating to American or exotic species, will be re- 
corded. 

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. ; 

All continued papeis, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 
first installments. 

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north 
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat. 

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- 
tomology, Series A. London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- 
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 


4—-Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 5—Psyche, Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 7—Annals of The Entomological Society of Amer- 
ica, Columbus, Ohio. 9—The Entomologist, London. 12—Journal 
of Economic Entomology, Concord, N. H. 18—Journal of Ento- 
mology and Zoology, Claremont, Calif. 16—The Lepidopterist, 
Salem, Mass. 17—Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 20—Bulletin de la 
Societe Entomologique de France, Paris. 21—The Entomologist’s 
Record, London. 3838—Annales de la Societe Entomologique de 
Belgique, Brussels. 84—Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de 
Belgique, Brussels. 85—Proceedings of the South London Ento- 


ie ae. ee eee an ere ea ee or 


1 ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 233 


mological & Natural History Society, London. 36—Transactions of 
the Entomological Society of London. 50—Proceedings of the 
United States National Museum, Washington. 52—Zoologischer 
Anzeiger, Leipsic. 54—Proceedings of the Biological Society of 
Washington, D. C. 68—Science, Lancaster, Pa. 71—Novitates 
Zoologicae, Tring, Englanad. 76—Nature, London. 77—Comptes 
Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie, Paris. 78—Bulletin 
Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, Paris. 82—The Ohio 
Journal of Science, Columbus. 98—Annals of Tropical Medicine 
and Parasitology, Liverpool. 99—Bulletin du Museum National 
d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 


GENERAL. Cockayne, E. A.—The relation between the sec- 
ondary sexual characters and the gonads and accessory sexual 
glands in insects. 36, 1916, 336-42. Cockerell, T. D. A—The varia- 
tions of insects. 4, 1919, 121-3. Collinge, W. E.—Wild birds and 
distasteful insect larvae. 76, ciii, 404, 483. Crampton, G. C—A 
phylogenetic study of the mesothoracic terga and wing bases in 
Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, etc. 5, xxvi, 58-64. Escherich, K.— 
Zeitschrift fur angewandte entomologie, IV, Heft 3. Ford, H. D. 
—Mould on insects. 9, 1919, 167. Krecker, F. H.—The fauna of 
rock bottom ponds. 82, xix, 427-74. Labitte, A.—Resistance vitale 
de quelques larves d’insectes. 99, 1917, 399-400. Moignic & Norero 
—Recherches sur la distribution dans le poumon des huiles in- 
jectees par la trachee. 77, Ixxxii, 1002-4. Rabaud, E.—L’immobili- 
sation reflexe et l’activite normale des arthropodes. 78, liii, 1-149. 
Rothschild, L.—On the naming of local races, subspecies, aberra- 
tions. seasonal forms. etc. 36, 1918, 115-16. Schunk, C. A.—For- 
maldehyde for “mould” on insects. 9, 1919, 137-8. Speyer, E. R— 
Wild birds and distasteful insect larvae. 76, cili, 445-6. 


PHYSIOLOGY, GENETICS, ETC. Bridges & Mohr—The 
inheritance of the mutant character “Vortex” (Genetics, iv, 283- 
306). Gowen, J. W.—A biometrical study of crossing over . 
in the third chromosome of Drosophila (Genetics, iv, 205-250). 
Mohr, O. L.—Character changes caused by mutation of an entire 
region of a chromosome in Drosophila (Genetics, iv, 275-282). 


ARACHNIDA & MYRIAPODA. Brolemann, H. W.—Quelques 
indices d’evolution chez les Myriapodes (Trav. Inst. Zool. Univ. . 
Montpellier, Mem. No. 28). Clayton, F.—Mimicry in spiders 
(Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., xxvi, 302-3). Houssay, B. A.— 
Action physiologique du venin des scorpions (Buthus quinque-_ 
striatus et Tityus bahiensis) (Jour. Phys. Path. Gen.., xviii, 305-317). 


_ Leitao, M.—Drassodeas do Brasil (Arch. Escola Sup. Agr. Med. 


Veter., Nictheroy, E. do Rio, Brazil, ii, 17-75). 


234 ' ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., ’19 


NEUROPTERA. Butterfield, W. R.—Note on Protura and how 
to collect them (The Museum Journal, XVili, 196-7). Longinus 
Navas, R. P.—Insecta nova [Neotropical] (Mem. Pont. Ac. Rom. 
d. Nuovi Lincei, iii, 1-22). Howe, R. H.—A list of dragon-flies col- 
lected at Wareham, Mass., during 1911-1913. 5, xxvi, 65-8. Roth- 
schild, N. C.—Convergent development among certain ectopara- 
sites. 36, 1916, cxli-clvi. Morrison, E. R—The may-fly oviposi- 
tor, with notes on Leptophlebia and Hagenulus. 4, 1919, 139-46. 


ORTHOPTERA. Chopard, L.—Diagnoses d’especes nouvelles 
d’Orthopteres [Neotropical]. 20, 1919, 153-4. DuPorte, E. M.— 
The propleura and the pronotal sulci of the O. 4, 1919, 147-53. 
de Kelper, W.—Causerie sur le grillon champetre. 34, i, 38-47. 
Labitte, A——Une extraordinaire aberration genitale d’un orthop- 
tere acridide, le Pamphagnus numidicus. 99, 1917, 401. Roth, H. L. 
—Observations on the growth and habits of the stick insect, Ca- 
rausius morosus; intended as a contribution towards a knowledge 
of variation . .. . 86, 1916, 345-86. Walker, E. M—On the 


male and immature state of Grylloblatta campodeiformis. 4, 1919, 
131-9. 


HEMIPTERA. Drake, C. J—On some Tingidae new to the 
fauna of Canada. 4, 1919, 159-60. Moore & Hirschfelder—An in- 
vestigation of the louse problem (Pediculus corporis). (Res. Pub., 
Univ. of Minnesota, viii, No. 4.) Peterson, A.—Some studies on 
the eggs of important apple plant lice (New Jersey Ag. Exp. Sta., 
Bul. 332). Stoll & Shull—Sex determination in the white fly (Ge- 
netics, iv, 251-260). Strindberg, H.—Zur entwicklungsgeschichte 
der. oviparen cocciden. 52, 1, 113-138. 


Drake. C. J—On some N. A. Tingidae. 82, xix, 417-21. Hart, 
C. A.—The Pentatomoidea of Illinois. with keys to the Nearctic 
genera. (Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey, Bul. xiii, 157-223.) McAtee, 
Ww, L—A new genus for Tettigonia trifasciata (Eupterygidae). 
54, xxxii, 121-4. 


LEPIDOPTERA. Beutenmuller, W.—Catocala aspasia and va- 
rieties. The larva of Melipotis jucunda. 16, iii, 110; 111. Burke, 
H. E.—Notes on the California oak worm. Phrvyganidia califor- 
nica. 10, xxi. 124-5. Burrows, C. R. N.—Dwarf lepidoptera. 21, 
1919, 89-90. Busck, A—A microlepidopteron injurious to Avocado. 
10, xxi, 125-6. Buxton, P. A.—On the protocerebrum of Microp- 
_teryx. 86, 1917, 112-53. Chapman, T. A.—The rein-sheath in Ple- 
beiid blues. Resting attitudes in some L., examples of recapitu- 
lation in habit. Micropteryx entitled to ordinal rank; Order 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 235 


Zeugloptera. The evolution of the habits of the larva of Lycaena 
arion. 36, 1916, 297-300; 301-9; 310-14; 315-21. Further notes on 
recapitulatory attitudes in L. $6, 1917, 338-48. Cockayne, E. A. 
—Gynandromorphous Agriades coridon, A. coridon ab roystonen- 
sis. Gynandromorphous L. 386, 1916, 243-63; 322-35. Condition 
of the scales in the leaden males of Agriades thetis and other 
Lycaenids. 36, 1917, 165-8. Comstock, J. A.—Collecting in the 
Tehachapis. 16, iii, 112 (cont.). da Costa Lima, A.—Nota sobre 
o microlepidoptero Pyroderces rileyi. (Arch. Escola Sup. Agr. 
Med. Veter., Nictheroy, E. do Rio, Brazil, ii, 75-8.) Dodge, E. A. 
—Catocala notes. 17, iii, 54. Durrant, J. H.—Collation of the cor- 
rected genera of the Tantamen and ‘“Verzeichniss bekannter 
Schmetterlinge” of J. Hubner. (Sep. of Ent. Record, xxxi, No. 5.) 
Ehrmann, G. A.—Collecting in a silent city. 17, ili, 51. French, 
G. A.—Catocala ulalume, a correction. 4, 1919, 130. Gautier, C. 
—Recherches physiologiques et parasilologiques sur les lepidop- 
teres nuisibles. Parthenogenese chez Apanteles glomerutus. 77, 
Ixxxii, 10002. Hewlett, E..P—Notes on Samia rubra. 17, it, 
50-1. Joicey, J. J—On a collection’ of Heliconine forms from 
French Guiana. 386, 1916, 412-31. Joicey & Kaye—Notes on a 
large Heliconine collection made in French Guiana in 1917. 36, 
1918, 347-53. McIndoo, N. E.—The olfactory sense of lepidop- 
terous larvae. 7, xii, 65-84. Merritt Hawkes, O. A.—On the fac- 
tors which determine the cocoon colour of Plusia moneta and 
other L. 36, 1916, 404-11. Meyrick, E.—Descriptions of So. 
Am. Micro-L. 36, 1917, 1-52. Mosher, E.—Notes on lepidopter- 
ous borers found in plants, with special reference to the European 
corn borer. 12, xii, 258-68. Reiff, W.—Notes on [Marumba mo- 
desta, Callosamia calleta, Cethosia hypsina]. 1%, iii, 52-3. Roth- 
schild, L.—_Supplementary notes on the review of Houlbert and 
Oberthur’s monograph of Castniinae, by Talbot and Prout. List 
of types of L. in the Tring Museum. 71, xxvi, 1-27; 193-251. 
Sich, A.—A beginner’s remarks on the Tortricina. 35, 1918-19, 11- 
14. Smulyan, M. T.—Some observations on the webbing clothes 
moth (Tineola biselliella). 5, xxvi, 71-3. Talbot, G—Review of a 
monograph of the “Castniinae.” 71, xxvi, 28-35. Traver, J. R.— 
Ecological relations of the lepidopterous genus Depressaria. 5, 
-xxvi, 73-80. Turati, C. E.—Variabilita del Parnassius apollo pumi-. 
lus. E ricerche sull’origine dei Parnassius. (Atti Soc. Italiana, 
Sci. Nat. . . . Milano, Ivii, 29-89.) Turner, A. J.—Observations 
on the lepidopterous family Cossidae, and on the classification of 
the L. 36, 1918, 155-90. 


Swett & Cassino—Some new Geometrids. 16, iii, 105-10. 


236 _ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Oct., *r9 


DIPTERA. . Cockerell, T. D. A——Glossina and the extinction of 
tertiary mammals. 76, ciii, 265. Evans, A. M.—On the genital 
armature of the female tsetse-flies (Glossina). 98, xiii, 31-56. 
Hawley, I. M.—A note on temperature in relation to Sciara copro- 
phila. 12, xii, 271. Lamb, C. G.—Falkland Islands D. 36, 1916, 
387-95. McColloch, J. W.—Variations in the length of the flaxseed 
stage of the hessian fly. 12, xii, 252-5. Metcalf, C. L—A proposed 
nomenclature for the parts of the posterior respiratory apparatus 
of dipterous larvae . . . 5, xxvi, 54-8. Weiss, H. B—Notes on 


the early stages and larval locomotion of Leia vivittata. 5, xxvi, 
80-2. 


Dietz, W. G.—The Streptocera group of the dipterous genus 
Tipula. 7, xi, 85-94. Greene, C. T—A new genus in Scatopha- 
gidae. 10, xxi, 126-9. Hine, J. S—Robber flies of the genus Erax. 
7, x1, 103-58. Malloch, J. R—Two new N. A. Anthomyiidae. 54, 
XxXxli, 133-4. Parker, R. R—North American Sarcophagidae: Flies 
of the genus Metoposarcophaga. 4, 1919, 154-8. 


COLEOPTERA. Blatchley, W. S.—Change of name (Serica 
carinata Blatch. to S. evidens n. n.). 4, 1919, 153. Bordas, L.— 
Nouvelles observations sur l’appareil digestif des Cetoninae. (Bul. 
Soc. Zool. France, Paris, xlii, 7-12.). Bugnion, E.—Le ver luisant 
provencal. 77, Ixxxii, 994-99. Burke, H. E.Notes on a cocoon 
making Colydiid. 10, xxi, 123-4. Champion, G. C.—On new and 
little-known Lagriidae and Pedilidae [some neotropical]. 36, 1916, 
181-242. On new and little known Lagriidae from Tropical Amer- 
ica. 36, 1917, 169-267. Claassen, P. W.—Life history and biologi- 
cal notes on Chlaenius impunctifrons (Carabidae). 7, xi, 95-102. 
Dury, C.—A new Ciside genus with n. sp. from Manitoba. 4, 1919, 
158. Kerremans, C.—Descriptions de Buprestides nouveaux [neo- 
tropical in part]. 38, lix, 41-62. Mellerio, A~—Observations bio- 
logiques faites sur quelques insectes coleopteres. 99, 1918, 418-19. 
Muir, F.—Notes on the ontogeny and morphology of the male 
genital tube in C. 36, 1918, 223-29. Peschet, R—Description d’un 
Dytiscidae nouveau de l’Amerique du Sud. 20, 1919, 145-7. Pic, 
M.—Nouveaux C. exotiques [Neotropical in part]. 99, 1917, 258-63. 
Sharp, D.—Studies in Rhynchophora. IV. A preliminary note on 
the male genitalia. 36, 1918, 209-22. Tower, W. L.—Mechanism 
of evolution in Leptinotarsa. (Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. No. 
263, 382 pp.). 


HYMENOPTERA. Bodkin, G. E.—Notes on some British 
Guiana H. (exclusive of the Formicidae). 36, 1917, 297-321. Brues, 
C. T.—Note on the genus Liobracon, with the description of a n. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 237 


sp. [Neotropical]. 5, xxvi, 68-71. Cockerell, T. D. A—The anti- 
quity of the Ichneumonidae. 9, 1919, 121-2. Crampton, G. C.— 
The genitalia and terminal abdominal structures of males, and the 
terminal abdominal structures of the larvae of “Chalastogastrous” 
Hymenoptera. 10, xxi, 129-55. Lichtenstein & Picard—Etude 
morphoiogique et biologique du Sycosoter lavagnei. Hecabolide 
parasite de l’Hypoborus ficus. (Trav. Inst. Zool. Univ. Mont- 
pellier, Mem. No. 29.). Morice & Durrant—Further notes on the 
“Jurinean” genera of H., . . . 36, 1916, 432-42. Reymond, R. B. 
—Ueber den gang mit kunstlichen beinen. (Archiv. f. Anat. u. 
Phys., 1917, Phys. Abt., 222-244.). Rohwer, S. A.—Description of a 
new Cynipoid from Trinidad. 10, xxi, 156. Sladen, F. W. L.— 
Notes on the Canadian representatives of British species of bees. 
4, 1919, 124-30. The stinging instinct in bees and wasps. 76, Ciii, 
325. Turner, R. E.—New sp. of H. in the British Museum [some 
Neotropical]. 36, 1917, 53-84. Wheeler, W. H.—[List of the] ants 
from the Claremont laguna region. 18, xi, 38. 


Cushman, R. A.—Descriptions of new No. Am. Ichneumon-flies. 
50, lv, 517-43. Gahan, A. B.—Some chalcid wasps reared from ceci- 
domyid galls. 7, xi, 159-70. A new sp. of the Serphidoid genus 
Dendrocerus. 10, xxi, 121-3. Rohwer, S. A.—Descriptions of four 
new parasitic H. 4, 1919, 160-2. 


40> 
=—or- 


REPORT OF THE IMPERIAL ENTOMOLOGIST, 1917-1918. By T. Bain- 
BRIGGE FLETCHER. Calcutta, Supt. Gov’t. Printing, India, 1918. (From 
Scientific Repts. Agr. Res. Inst., Pusa, 1917-18, pp. 84-116, pls. iii-xx.) 
—In addition to dealing with the insect pests of cotton, rice, sugarcane, 
indigo, mulberry, fruit, stored grain, wood and lantana, with insecti- 
cides, bees, lac and silk, this report tells a familiar story of insufficient 
assistance and funds, of growing collections and the difficulty of caring 
for them. The definitely named species in the collection at Pusa have 
increased from 2221 in 1908 to 6471 in 1918, the Lepidoptera and Cole- 
optera heading the list in point of numbers. 


STuDIES ON THE FRUIT-FLIES OF JAPAN. I. JAPANESE ORANGE-FLy, by 
Dr. Tsunexata Miyake Government Entomologist. (From Bulletin 
Imp. Cent. Agr. Exper. Sta. Japan, II, 2, pp. 85-165, pls. ii-x.) Nishi- 
gahara, Tokyo, Feb., 1919—An elaborate account of the external and 
internal structure of the various stages of Dacus tsuneonis n. sp. (D. 
ferrugineus Kuwana, nec Fabricius), its life history and habits, the 
methods of control, and descriptions of five other new Japanese spe- 
. cies of Trypaneidae. The beautiful plates illustrate all of these topics.’ 


238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. (Oxet:;. 20 


Doings of Societies. 


Feldman Collecting Social. 

Meeting held April 16, 1919, at the residence of H. W. Wenzel, 5614 
Stewart Street, Philadelphia. Seven members present, Pres. H. W. 
Wenzel in the chair. 

Mr. Ernest Baylis, of Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was 
elected a member. 

Diptera. Mr. Hornig said.that Aédes canadensis Theob. is now on 
the wing, taking at this time of the year 31 days to mature from the 
egg, while at the height of the season it will take about 11 days. 

Coleoptera. Mr. Geo. M. Greene recorded seeing Hydrous triangu- 
laris Say at light during the evening of April 8th, and the next day 
Creophilus villosus Grav. and Platynus cupripennis Say on the side- 
walk. Mr. H. W. Wenzel mentioned some new varieties of Cychrus 
lately named, after which there was a general discussion on the genus. 
Mr. H. A. Wenzel exhibited a large series of Hylecoetes lugubris Say 
which he had collected at West Overbrook, Pennsylvania, IV-13 and 14 
in a poplar log which he supposed had been dead about a year. The 
bark was slightly loose and in the sap beneath had found the beetles, 
just ready to emerge. They bore in the wood similarly to Scolytids, 
but one peculiarity was noted on the specimens of the wood shown—it 
is vertically grooved and ridged alternately and all the beetles had 
emerged (as far as they had gone when found) through the ridges 
and none in the grooves, though by coming through the latter they 
would have had less wood to bore through. The sexes are quite 
unlike and the males have wonderfully feathered palpi which are 
much larger than the antennae—Gerorce M. GREENE, Secretary. 


Meeting of May 21, 1919, at the same place. Ten members were 
present, Dr. J. C. Bradley, of Cornell University, and Mr. John H. 
Hodgins, of this city, visitors. President H. W. Wenzel in the chair. 

Dr. Bradley detailed collecting trips he had taken to the cafions of 
the Colorado Desert, Southern California, in December, 1917, and 
March, 1918. 

Coleoptera. Dr. Castle read a letter from Mr. Leng, dated April 7, 
saying he had seen the records in the minutes of the January meeting, 
published in Ent. News xxx, p. 120, 1919, relative to Scaphinotus 
ridingsii Bland. He enclosed a separate in which he described this 
form which should be S. ridingsii monongahelae Leng. Dr. Castle 
also had a newspaper clipping from “The San Francisco Examiner,” 
March 16, 1919, on “Experts hunt winter home of ladybirds,” in which 
was described the manner of collecting the Coccinellids in winter time 
after they hibernate in great numbers under the pine needles at the 
snow line in the mountains of California. These are placed in cold 
storage and later liberated in the orange groves to destroy the aphids 


eT  ———< Ts 


ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 239 
upon which they feed. Mr. Hornig said since catching Carabus nemo- 
ralis Mull. in Germantown, Philadelphia, he buried on May 16th a 
saucer containing molasses in his yard and the next morning had one 
specimen and since then has taken some each day. Mr. H. W. Wenzel 
said, in continuation of his son’s communication of last meeting on 
Hylecoetus lugubris Say, that his specimens were found just emerging 
on April 13th and r4th, and Say in his description of this species 
says it was caught flying in the vicinity of New Harmony, Indiana, on 
April 16th. Mr. Geo. M. Greene exhibited Liodes basalis LeC. from 
Wissahickon Creek at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, V-19-’19, from de- 
cayed wood, Exomius pellucidus Boh., same place and date, running 
on the ground, and Hoplia trifasciata Say (all males), same place, V- 
14-’19, on nettle and specimens of the last species from Falls Church, 
Virginia, V-20-'17 (also all males). 
_ Diptera. Mr. Hornig stated that he had recorded Aédes curriei 
Coq. as new to this locality and now it has almost disappeared and in 
its place is A. onondagensis Knab and Dyar; the imagoes are 
difficult to distinguish, but the larvae are very different. Mr. Geo. 
M. Greene exhibited Strauzia longipennis Wied. from Wissahickon 
Creek at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, V-14 and V-19-’19. 
Hymenoptera. Mr. Baylis exhibited a specimen of Vespa crabro 
Linn. which he had found dead at Frankford, Philadelphia, V-18-’19. 
Lepidoptera. Mr. Geo. M. Greene recorded Anthocharis genutia 
Fabr., both sexes, common, flying along the Wissahickon Creek at 
Germantown, Philadelphia, V-5-’19—Gro. M. GreEENE, Secretary. 


American Entomological Society. 

Meeting of February 27, 1919, in the hall of The Academy of Nat- 
ural Sciences of Philadelphia. Fifteen persons present, Vice-Presi- 
dent Rehn presiding. 

Coleoptera. Mr. Laurent exhibited Alaus oculatus Linn. and full 
grown larva of same, the latter taken from the roots of common silver 
maple at Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., February 12th. Stated that he 
has taken imagoes of this species in May, June, July and August. 

Lepidoptera. Mr. Baylis exhibited an odd light form of Melitaea 
Phaeton Drury which he collected in Philadelphia, June 29, 1918. The 
differences from the common type are more noticeable on the under 
side of the hind wings. 

Diptera. Mr. Baylis exhibited a Tipulid which had been impressed 
in paper apparently when the paper was made. Mr. Hornig said he 
had seen Chironomus flying yesterday over water in Germantown, 
Philadelphia. - 

Orthoptera. Mr. Rehn made some remarks on the Acridid genus 
Derotmema which he had been studying. The speaker discussed the 
area of distribution of the genus, the various forms, and the charac- 


240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. LG. he es" 


ters of chief use in separating them, as well as their respective areas 
of distribution and some-of the questions of synonymy involved. The 
results of his work have been reached after examining over eight 
hundred specimens of the genus. The distributions were shown by 
means of a blackboard sketch and their habitats by lantern slides. 
.,General. Mr. Cresson exhibited a copy of Say’s “American Ento- 
mology,” his first attempt, published in 1817, containing six plates. 
There is only one other copy known. The regular edition of this work 
is dated 1824. Also a copy of Say’s “Descriptions of new species of 
North American Insects,” most of which had previously been pub- 
lished in the Disseminator. 


Meeting of April 24, 1919, in the same place; ten persons present, 
President Dr. Skinner presiding. 

._Mr. W. J. Coxey, of Camden, New Jersey, was elected a member. 

Orthoptera. Mr. Rehn made some remarks, illustrated by speci- 
mens and a map, on the distribution of certain species and races of 
the genera Mestobregma and Metator. The effectiveness of the Rocky. 
Mountains as a barrier in controlling the distribution of insects was 
discussed. 7 

Diptera. Mr. Geo. M. Greene recorded seeing a specimen of Calli- 
cera johnsoni Hunter flying in West Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, in 
the morning of April 21st—Gro. M. Greene, Recording Secretary. 


Entomological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia. 

Meeting of March 27, 1919, nine persons present; in the absence of 
the Director and Vice-Director Dr. Skinner presided. 

W. J. Coxey, of Camden, New Jersey, and R. L. Haines, of Moores- 
town, New Jersey, were elected member and contributor respectively. 

Lepidoptera. Mr. West exhibited the larvae of Catecala relicta 
Wilk. from Philadelphia, VI-30-’13, and C. aspasia Streck. from Phila- 
delphia, VI-21-’13. Dr. Skinner remarked on the genus saying many 
people had been interested in it and had bred the species and lately 
the interest has been renewed by the memoir published by the Amer- 
ican Museum of Natural History; he expects that the various forms 
will finally be placed in the near future. Dr. Skinner exhibited Pyra- 
meis carye Hiibn. and the aberration muelleri Letch., the latter col-' 
lected at Los Angeles, California, VII-6-’'13, by V. Duran; also an 
aberration of Argynnis myrina Cram. from Glenside, Pennsylvania, 
and a peculiar Q of Colias eurydice Boisd. from Topango Canyon, 
Los Angeles County, California, VIII-6-’14, collected by V. Duran. 

General. Mr. Rehn exhibited the differences between the German 
Zeiss binocular microscope (duplicated in America by the Bausch and 
Lomb Co.) and the American Spencer, saying the latter is the more 
satisfactory and far superior to the other.—Gro. M. Greene, Recorder. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XXX. 


NOVEMBER, 1g19. 


No. 9. 


CONTENTS: 


Van Dyke—A few Observations on the 
Tendency of Insects to Collect on 
Ridges and Mountain Snowfields.. 241 

Barnes and Lindsey—A New Geomet- 
rid from Arizona (Lepid.)......... 245 

McAtee—Notes on two Miridae, Camp- 

_tobrochis and Paracalocoris (Het.) 246 

Skinner—An [Interesting Gynandro- 
morphic Butterfly (Lepid., Rhop.) 247 

Van Duzee—Two New Asyndetus with 
a Table of the North American spe- 
cies (Dolichopodidae, Diptera).... 248 

Chalcid Travels Through Blackbird 


WENN Ids 5 51's Gx cn ukeakes sss sxe’ « 250 
Weiss—Tinea cloacella Haworth bred 
from Fungi (Lepid.).............+. 251 


Bryant—Richness of Borneo in Coleop- 


2 
Goe—Life History and Habits of Sil- 
pha inaequalis Fab. (Coleop.)..... 253 
Howard—On the Hymenopterous Para- 
sites of Kermes (Hom., Coccidae) 255 
Morrison—Appended Note to preced- 
ING ici Vewdsnsaccessicuesereetaseyee & 258 
Braun—Notes on Cosmopterygidae, 
with Descriptions of new Genera 
and Species (Microlepidoptera)... 260 
Editorial—The Use of the Term Larva 265 


Entomological Literature.............. 266 
Moore and Hirschfelder—An Inves- 
tigation of the Louse Problem..... 270 


Ruggles—Seventeenth Report of the 


State Entomologist of Minnesota.. 270 


A few Observations on the Tendency of Insects to 
Collect on Ridges and Mountain Snowfields. 
By Epwin C. Van Dyke, Berkeley, California. 

The article on the insect life of high altitudes,* recently 
contributed to this journal by Dr. L. O. Howard, has tempted 
me to add a few more notes on the same subject from my 
own field experiences. 

While collecting in the high Cascades and Sierra Nevadas, 
I have found at times, particularly during the early summer 
when insect life was most abundant, that my most profitable 
work could be done above the normal line of vegetation. On 
the snow fields insects were to be found either running over 
those portions adjacent to the bare rocks and ground or more 
or less widely scattered over the face of the ice at higher 
levels. On the bare peaks and rocky ridges other insects were 
also to be found. 


*“A Note on Insects Found on Snow at High Elevations,” by L. O. 
Howard, Entom. News, Vol. xxix, No. 10 (Dec., 1918), p. 375. 


241 


242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., ’19 


On our higher mountains as well as in the far north the 
summer advances rapidly and insect life as a consequence 
appears with a rush. Insects will always be found following 
close upon the retreating snow. On the moist earth, just be- 
low the lower margins of the rapidly melting snow fields, 
numerous predaceous Coleoptera, such as the smaller Cara- 
bidae and Staphilinidae as well as small Diptera, can be found. 
These insects and numerous spiders become very active during 
the warmer parts of the day and their peregrinations are 
often extended during this time over the adjacent snowfields 
and sometimes for considerable distances. One summer I 
found certain species of Platynus and Bembidium so numer- 
ous along the lower margins of the snow on Mt. Lyell that I 
was kept busy for quite a time gathering them in. This same 
tendency of the smaller Coleoptera to run out over the snow- 
fields was also noted later when on Mt. Rainier and on the 
mountains of the Aleutian Islands. 3 

On the snowfields at higher levels. chiefly those on favorable 
exposures, other insects were to be noted. These were of mis- 
cellaneous types, such as are normally to be found flying 
about the trees and over the grassy slopes of the mountains at 
lower altitudes, and were no doubt carried upwards by the 
gradually rising currents of air. Becoming tired or somewhat 
chilled as they were wafted over the icy slopes, they were 
impelled to settle, when they soon became benumbed and ulti- 
mately frozen. On the west slopes of Mt. Rainier during the 
middle of July, 1905, I often amused myself by traveling 
over the lower snowfields looking for the unlucky derelicts. 
The insects which I found were of all orders, Hymenoptera, 
Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Of the 
Hymenoptera I remember particularly the Ichneumonidae and 
Formicidae, particularly the large wood ants of the genus 
Camponotus. Of the Hemiptera I secured several Cicadidae, 
many Pentatomidae and Coreidae and noted remains of nu- 
merous Miridae, which last, because of their frail nature, had 
so rapidly disintegrated that they were not worth picking up. 
Of the Coleoptera there were many Cerambycidae, both day 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 243 


and night-flying species, a few Buprestidae, numerous Chry- 
somelidae, Byrrhidae, Coccinellidae and Scarabaeidae, and 
some Elateridae, Rhynchophora and other miscellaneous 
groups. Some of the specimens were merely benumbed, oth- 
ers quite dead, while still others were badly disintegrated. The 
more recent arrivals were on the surface of the snow, but 
those which had been trapped earlier were sometimes several 
inches below the surface, at the bottom of small shafts, where 
the heat of their bodies, or the greater amount of heat at- 
tracted by their darker coloring, had caused them to be de- 
posited by the more rapid melting of the snow in their im- 
mediate neighborhood. On the snowfields in the Sierras the 
same thing has been observed. In fact, so general is this con- 
dition during the early summer months that it is wise for col- 
lectors planning work in the high mountains to make arrange- 
ments to take advantage of this. One’s eyes should always 
be protected by smoked glasses and the face blackened as the 
_ glare of the snow on bright days is very intense. The insects 
are very conspicuous against the white background, so are 
easily seen and besides contain many prizes. One may also 
often have the good fortune to appear upon the scene soon 
after a mountain storm, when the booty will sometimes be 
very great. These high winds sometimes lift up hosts of 
many of the more powerful flying insects and leave them 
chilled and stranded on the icy slopes of the higher mountains. 
The alpine butterfly, Oeneis ivallda Mead, has several times 
been found so distributed on the high mountains of the south- 
ern Sierras. 

About the bare peaks and ridges insects are also quite evi- 
dent. Here, however, they are alive and active. Certain 
kinds even seem to have a particular liking for such localities, 
as for instance among the Diptera, the Bombylidae, Syrphidae 


and Tachinidae. Among the butterflies several species have 
also been noted which seem to take delight in seeking the 


highest points of the ridges. Papilio zolicaon Boisd. is one of 
these, and the alpine species of Pieris also favor such places. 
The peaks are also favorite congregating regions for vast 
quantities of Coccinellidae, especially Hippodamia 5-signata 


244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Nov., 719 


Kirby, though a few Cocinella monticola Muls. are often as- 
sociated with them, and multitudes of the winged ants of the 
genus Camponotus. The lady beetles and the ants finally 
perish in such places and through the succeeding years often’ 
form considerable accumulations in the crevices of the rocks. 
This was noted on the summits of the Tatoosh Range in the 
Cascades, also on Mt. Tallac and other peaks of the Sierras. 
Though this tendency of the Coccinellidae to collect on the 
exposed peaks is injurious to their race and might be classed 
as a pathological condition, the beetles do have a normal con- 
gregating instinct which, when directed to more favorable 
localities, as in sheltered valleys and lower ranges, is a benefit. 
This normal habit of congregating for purposes of hibernating 
is however not peculiar to the lady beetles. Among the Cole- 
optera it is almost equally common among ‘certain Chrysome- 
lidae and Rhynchophora and is to be found also among the 
Hemiptera. In fact, the custom of certain species of Cocci- 
nellidae, Chrysomelidae and Rhynchophora to seek the up-_ 
lands and tops of the lower ridges of certain parts of Califor- 
nia as winter approaches has been so well known to certain 
entomologists that they purposely do much of their winter 
collecting in such places. In the clefts of the rocks along the 
crest of the San Bruno hills, which form the southern bound- 
ary of San Francisco County, we have often found during the 
winter months fair assemblages of such beetles as Hippo- 
damia convergens Guer., Disonycha maritima Mann. and Cas- 
sida nigripes Oliv., and at the bases of the rocks Notiophilus 
semiopacus Esch. and Amara aurata Dej. Several of these are 
only to be found at other times of the year as isolated 
specimens and never on the ridges. On Mt. Tamalpais. just 
across the Golden Gate from San Francisco, winter colonies 
of Phagiodera prasinella Lec. and Sitones sordidus Lec. can 
always be found and I have noted various small colonies of 
similar beetles on the Berkeley hills as well as on the hills 
near Los Angeles. The list of species which congregate in 
various places for purposes of hibernation or aestivation is 
really quite extensive. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Meee. 


A New Geometrid from Arizona (Lepid.). 


By Wo. Barnes, M.D. & A. W. Linpsey, Pu.D., Decatur, 
Illinois. 


In the ‘‘Novitates Zoologicae’’ XXV, p. 376, under his new 
genus Anurapteryx, Sir George F. Hampson mentions an un- 
described species of which Dr. McDunnough has informed 
him. The species is represented in the Barnes collection by 
two females, from which we have drawn up the following 
description. 


Anurapteryx crenulata sp. nov. 

Vestiture of head and thorax luteous with the scales dark gray 
near the tips. Front paler. Antennae brown with luteous scales 
above, powdered with gray scales and obscurely annulate toward base. 
Abdomen luteous, powdered with gray. Under surface similar. 

Primaries above pinkish luteous with a broad transverse median 
band heavily powdered with dark gray scales, widest from cubitus to 
costa, constricted behind cubitus, and widened again just before inner 
margin. Outer margin of band scalloped, inner very indefinite. Basal 
area paler, powdered with gray. Median band followed by a narrow 
band of the ground color, which is the most conspicuous feature of 
the wing. This band shades into fuscous toward the s. t. line. There 
is a subterminal series of slightly paler lunules, outwardly edged with 
dark gray. Terminal area and fringes concolorous with lunules, cut 
by ground color at veins. Veins alternately marked with dark gray 
and pinkish luteous. Entire wing with obscure, slender, powdery, 
transverse lines, outwardly scalloped, which may be so indistinct as 
to give it a strigate appearance. Under surface with the outer mar- 
gin of the median band distinctly marked; basal half grayish. Sub- 
terminal dark shade visible, terminal area pale, sharply separated 
from dark shade on the crenulate s. t. line. 

Secondaries: Basal half powdered with gray, this drea terminating © 
in an irregular dark line which is lost toward the costa. Beyond this 
the wing is similar to the primaries, but a little more pinkish and 
more everily powdered. Under surface with dark line reproduced. 
Terminal half of wing powdered with gray except near dark line. 
Veins as above. Entire wing a little more pinkish than the primaries. 


The crenulate lines of the paratype are less definite than 
those of the type, giving the specimen a regularly strigate 


appearance, and there are a few other minor differences in 
the markings. The species differs from beckeri Druce (Biol. 


246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Nov., ’19 


Cent. Am., Lep. Het. Pl. 98, fig. 1) in the conspicuous trans- 
verse band of the primaries, equally pale throughout its length, 
and the absence of the yellow shade of the secondaries. 

Type 1 @, Paradise, Arizona, July. Paratype 1 2, Palmer- 
lee, Arizona. Both in coll. Barnes, Decatur, Il. 

Hampson includes Anurapteryx in the family Sematuridae. 
According to Forbes it falls in the sub-family Coronidiinae 
of the Geometridae, (See Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXV, 47, 52, 
1917). No representatives of either have previously been re- 
corded from this country. 

We take this opportunity to call attention also to a specimen 
of Zunacetha annulata Guér. taken at San Benito, Texas, and 
now in the Barnes collection. The species has not previously 
been recorded north of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 


<> 
— 


Notes on two Miridae, Camptobrochis and Paraca- 
locoris (Heteroptera). 
By W. L. McATEeE, Washington, D. C. 
Camptobrochis poecilus Reuter ms. 

Specimens of Camptobrochis have been distributed under 
this name by the late Otto Heidemann and, using his applica- 
tion of the name, by the writer. Having collected numerous 
specimens both on the food plant and in hibernation, I became 
interested in finding out the true name of the bug. It soon 
became apparent that Camptobrochis validus Reuter was 
rather a lost species and that the C. poecilus ms. seemed to fit 
the description of validus very well. At this stage of the 
study I was assisted very much by the kind loan by Mr. E. P. 
Van Duzee of a specimen of C. validus determined by Reuter. 
To make a long story short, it appears that Camptobrochis 
poecilus Reuter ms. is the same as Camptobrochis validus var. 
cunealis Reuter,* originally described in part from District 
of Columbia material. 

The distinguishing character of the variety is the chiefly 


* Bemerkungen uber Nearktische Capsiden, etc. Acta. Soc. Sci. 
Fennicae, 36, No. 2, 1900, p. 59. 


| 
| 


» ee eee ee ee ee, ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 247 


‘red cuneus. From simply having the cuneus red, the form 


varies in rubescence, until in extreme cases the legs chiefly 
and the venter entirely are involved.  _ 

The variety hibernates in the adult stage and has been 
found under bark of birch, sycamore and maple. The food 
plant, or at least a food plant, is alder (Alnus rugosa), from 
which at Great Falls, Virginia, nymphs were collected August 
21. Associated with this Camptobrochis were C. nebulosus 
and species of Lygus. , 


Paracalocoris acceptus McAtee var: marmoratus n. var. 

Poectlocapsus marmoratus Uhler ms. 

Color markings usually more extensive, and deeper than in the typi- 
cal variety,* brownish black. Antennae darker, especially the third and 
fourth joints; second with a distinct pale annulus just basad of middle, 
two complete dark vittae along upper part of side of thorax, and a 
much interrupted vitta on lower pleurae. Two short fuscous vittae on 
disc of scutellum. 


Type, a female from San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, 
Type No. 22,592 U. S. National Museum. Four paratypes 
also from Lower California (U.S. N. M.) 


While on the subject of Paracalocoris it is worth noting 
that P. limbus (loc. cit., p. 380), described from an elevation 
of more than 2000 feet near Clayton, Georgia, appears to be 
a mountain form, as it has subsequently been received from 
Southern Pines, North Carolina, and from Mt. Tom, Massa- 
chusetts. 


42> 
or 


An Interesting Gynandromorphic Butterfly (Lepid.; Rhop.). 

Master George F. Pettinos, of Merion, Pennsylvania, has recently 
captured a gynandromorphic specimen of Papilio turnus. The left 
hand side of the specimen has the wings normal male, and the right 
side of the specimen has the wings normal male, and the right side is 
black female. Mr. W. H. Edwards in his Butterflies of North 
America, Vol. 2, figures a specimen in which the left wings are black 


female and the right wings are yellow female. This is the first 


specimen I have seen in which the two sides represent the male and 
female.—HENry SKINNER. 


*Paracalocoris acceptus. McAtee, W. L,., Key to the Nearctic spe- 
cies of Paracalocoris. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 9, No. 4, Dec., 1916, 
p. 389 LOrgan Mts., N. Mex.]. as 


248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Nov., 719 


Two New Asyndetus with a Table of the North 


Io 


as 


I2 


American Species (Dolichopodidae, Diptera). 
By M. C. Van Duzee, Buffalo, New York. 
Table of Males. 


All tibiae -partly' or wholly. yellOW. so joi. 05 sa 46555555 oc es 2 
Find tibiae black .. 6 i055 iis oboe eek bee 5 
Fore tarsi modified; hind tibiae blackened at base.............. 3 
Fore tarsi normal; hind tibiae blackened at tip................. 4 
First joint of fore tarsi incrassated............ ammophilus Loew 
Second joint of fore tarsi with a clavate, haltere-like, yellow ap- 

PORN S oo sc. oie cs ee oe soe appendiculatus Loew 
Front and face very wide and covered with silvery pollen; palpi 

ar ee ee. sss geeky Les spa Pere ae latus V. D. 
Ground color of the front and face showing through the white 

pollen; palpi rather large, white.............. caudatus V. D. 
All’ tibiae black or - browtie js sas. sic ce cckac een ee 6 
Fore tibiae yellowish, sometimes the middle ones also........... 9 
Third antennal joint large, about twice as long as wide......... 7 


Third antennal joint rather small, but little longer than wide...8 
Second antennal joint extending over the upper edge of third 
joint to fear He middlé’ 22.055 ase occidentalis sp. nov. 
Second antennal joint not extending beyond the base of third 
POUE oid wo ky Ge ae Ok ORS 05's be he DRS a bay Lee nigripes V. D. 


-Mesonotum with a brownish-dusted vitta, between two bluish gray 


ONES ee Re We cee kw Peds Sees fratellus Ald. 
Mesonotiny mor Vitara eis ora © kaha See ees ..interruptus Loew 
Third antennal joint somewhat quadrilateral in outline........ 10 
Third antennal joint not at all quadrilateral in outline, but with 

@ point..or:rounued at Gpuicico ks Gesk 60 ea Ree eae 12 
Fore tibiae with only short hairs; third antennal joint but little 

TONGEL. THAN WINE ok ss pow cas cas ss ee eee 8s cornutus V. D. 
Fore tibiae with long bristle-like hairs on the whole upper surface; 

third antennal joint twice as long as wide; second joint extend- 

ing to the middle of the third above, at which point the third is 

SttACHed vcs 5 chu bby ei le Ow EY DRE LE MICS whats «arenes ee II 
Second antennal joint ending in a rounded tip near the middle of 

third joint, which is nearly straight above....syntormoides Wh. 
Second antennal joint ending in a sharp point at tip; upper edge 


OF third: FOIE CONCAVE sis cc seks ceeds yee ee harbecku V. D. 
Third antennal joint rounded at tip; second joint reaching the 
middle of the third above... 0. /<t.es odie longipalpis sp. nov. 
Third antennal joint rounded below, pointed at tip............ 13 


he 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 249 


13 Third antennal joint notched where the arista is inserted; fore 
tibiae with a row of rather long slender bristles above, 

johnsoni V. D. 

Third antennal joint not notched on upper edge where the arista 

is inserted; fore tibiae with a row of ‘small hair-like bristles 

MOVES COR EBTIV BOLE fc es ce Coe cca ea kay ieee eae as texanus V. D. 


Asyndetus occidentalis sp. nov. 

é. Length 2.5-3 mm. Face moderately wide, a little longer than 
wide, with thin white pollen, the ground color showing through. 
Front a little wider than the face, shining green; palpi and proboscis 
black. Antennae black (Fig. 1), not large, second joint extending 
narrowly to near the center of the upper edge of third joint, at which 
point the third joint is attached. Lateral and inferior orbital. cilia 
white, a few of the upper cilia black. 

Thorax and pleurae shining green with more or less blue reflections, 
in the holotype the thorax is mostly blue. Abdomen green with black 
‘incisures and coppery reflections; hypopygium small with small 
bristles. 


Antennae of ie 1, A. occidentalis male; fig. 2, A. occidentalis female; 
fig. 3, A. nigripes female; fig. 4, A. longipalpis male. 


Coxae and femora metallic green; tibiae and tarsi black; fore 
femora with a row of black bristles below, which are not as long as 
the width of the femora, outer side with rather long hairs; fore tibiae 
with a row of hair-like bristles above. Calypters and halteres whitish, 
the former with white cilia. 

Wings grayish; last section of fourth vein bent near its apical 
third but not interrupted, beyond this bend the vein is very thin, not 
much more than a fold in the wing; cross-vein far before the tip of 
the first vein. 

9. Agrees with the male, except that the fore tibiae have three 
small bristles and a row of short hairs above. The antennae are also. 
‘smaller than those of the male. 


Described from two males and twelve females taken at Los 
Banos, California, May 22, 1918, by E. P. Van Duzee. 

Type in the collection of the California Academy of 
Sciences. 


250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., *19 


The male differs from that of A. nigripes in the formation 
of the antennae and the last portion of the fourth vein is more 
slender. The female differs in the form of the antennae. Fig. 
3 is the antenna of the female of nigripes, while Fig. 2 repre- 
sents that of the female of occidentalis. 


Asyndetus longipalpis sp. nov. 

é. Length 3.7 mm. Face wide with silvery white pollen; front 
blue-green, the white pollen of the face extends onto the lower half of 
the front. Antennae black (Fig. 4), third joint broadly rounded at 
tip, attached to the second at a point near the middle of its upper 
edge; palpi nearly as long as the antennae, narrow, black, fringed 
with black hairs; upper orbital cilia black, lower whitish, becoming 
longer below. 

Thorax shining green with bronze reflections and with grayish pollen 
along the front, which forms quite distinct vittae. Scutellum and sec- 
ond abdominal segment with strong blue reflections. Abdomen green 
with quite abundant white pollen; base of segments three to five 
blackish, the border of this black color and the base of the second seg- 
ment coppery. Hypopygium small, in the type with one large bristle 
(probably there were more but they have been broken off). 

Coxae and femora black with slight green reflections; fore femora 
with a row of bristles below; middle femora with long hairs below. 
Fore and middle tibiae yellow; hind tibiae blackish; middle and hind 
tibiae each with about four bristles above, those of the middle pair 
the longest. All tarsi blackish. Calypters and halteres whitish, the 
former with white cilia. 

Wings tinged with brown, especially in front; last section of fourth 
vein broken near its second third, its last portion being entirely sep- 
arated from the first; cross-vein nearly opposite the tip of the first 
vein. . 

Q. Face a little wider; palpi of the usual form, black; thorax with 
three narrow coppery vittae on the dorsum; wings less tinged with 
brown. 


Described from one pair taken at Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, 
in March. Type in the author’s collection. 


<432> 


Chalcid Travels Through Blackbird (Hym.). 

At the meeting of the Entomological Society of London, held Dec. 
4, 1918, the President, Dr. C. T. Gahan, exhibited a Chalcid, Torymus 
elegans Borkh., which had emerged from a rosaceous seed which had 
passed through the alimentary canal of a blackbird, together with the 
seed from which it had appeared. (Ent. Mo. Mag., London, Febru- 


ary, 1919.) 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 251 


Tinea cloacella Haworth bred from Fungi (Lepid.). 
By Harry B. Wetss, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 


In Dyar’s List of North American Lepidoptera (Bull. 52, 
U. S. N. M.), the distribution of Tinea cloacella is given as 
follows :—‘‘Europe, U. S.?” Dietz in his revision of the Tine- 
inae (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. vol. XX XI, No. 1, 1905, p. 67) writes 
as follows concerning this species: “Mr. A. Busck very kindly 
sent me a European specimen of this species for study and 
which corresponds in all particulars with the description given 
by European authors of this species. I have not seen any 
species from within our faunal limits that could be recognized 
as cloacella nor do I know of the existence of a well-authenti- . 
cated specimen anywhere. I cannot help, therefore, but to con- 
sider the occurrence of cloacella in our fauna as very doubt- 
ful.” | 

At Matawan, New Jersey. on February 25, an old specimen 
of Polyporus sulphureus' Bulliard ex Fries collected from a 
telegraph pole was partly broken and found to contain num- 
erous, small lepidopterous larvae. The remainder of the fungus 
was kept in a warm room and during the last of March and 
first half of April, moths of this species? emerged. Polyporus 
tsugae Murrill ex Overholts, collected at New Brunswick, 
New Jersey, is also a host of this moth as specimens emerged 
from this fungus during the second week of April. The species, 
therefore, hibernates as a larva and pupates during the spring. 
' Of course in the warm laboratory, the moths emerged sooner 
than they would have done in the field. The larvae feed in the 
context of the fungus and pupate in the tubes. So as to facili- 
tate the emergence of the moths, the pupae issue partly from 
the lower surface of the fungus. 

Polyporus tsugae occurs on or about stumps and trunks of 
hemlock and pine, while Polyporus sulphureus is found on the 
stumps and trunks of deciduous and coniferous trees. Ac- 
cording to Von Schrenk and Spaulding (U. S. D. A. Bur. 

1Tdentified by Mr. Erdman West. 

2Tdentified by Mr. A. Busck through the courtesy of Dr. L. O. 
Howard. 


252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., *19 


Plant Indus. Bull. 149) Polyporus sulphureus occurs chiefly on 
oaks, chestnut, maples, black walnut, butternut, alder, locust, 
apple and pear and is widely distributed throughout the United 
States and Canada and in most of the forest regions of Europe 
where it is regarded as a destructive parasite both on deciduous 
trees and conifers. ey 


Full Grown Larva. Length 6.2 mm.; width 1.4mm. Subcylindrical; 
whitish except for head and mouth parts which are dark; sparsely 
hairy, hairs long, arising from somewhat tuberculate bases; entire 
body surface covered with a fine short pile; antenna cylindrical, two- 
jointed, terminated by one long and several short hairs; ocelli lateral, 
five in number, three in one group and two in the other; dorsal sur- 
face of second and third thoracic and first abdominal segments trans- 
versely wrinkled; legs whitish, terminated by strongly chitinized 
hooks; abdominal segments 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 longer than other body 
segments. | 

Pupa. Wength 5 mm., width 1.1 mm. Brownish, sparsely hairy; 
dorsal surface of abdominal segments 3, 4, 5 and 6 bearing two trans- 
verse rows of short stout spines placed close together; remaining 
three abdominal segments bear a single dorsal row of larger and 
fewer spines; abdominal dorsal spines point posteriorly; last abdom- 
inal segment bears a ventral pair of chitinous hooks curved anteriorly. 

Adult. Tinea cloacella Haworth, Lep. Brit., 563, 1829; Dietz (loc. 
cit.) gives the following description by Meyrick: “Head whitish 
ochreous. Forewings ochreous brown, more or less mixed with 
whitish and strigulated with dark fuscous; a spot on base of costa, 
another beyond it, a thick oblique spot from costa reaching middle of 
disc, an elongate spot on fold before middle, and some small posterior 
costal and dorsal spots dark fuscous; a small round whitish posterior 
spot in disc. Hindwings fuscous. Exp. 10-17 mm.” 


40> 
<3Pr 


Richness of Borneo in Coleoptera. 

“The great majority of the Coleoptera taken at Mount Merinjak 
were again new to me, which goes to show how every hill and moun- 
tain in a great island like Borneo must be thoroughly explored before 
we have any idea of the tremendous wealth of species the island will 
produce. Wallace during his stay in Borneo spent nearly the whole of 
his time on the Sadong River in Simunjan, and collected nearly 2000 
species of Coleoptera, of which nearly 300 were Longicorns. During 
my short stay [six months] I obtained examples of approximately 
3189 species, of which 369 were Longicorns, about 90 of these prob- 
ably nov. spp. We must remember that Wallace was collecting prac- 
tically all orders, whereas I was specializing more or less.” [A table 
of the number of species by families is given.]—G. E. Bryant in The 
Ent. Mo. Mag., London, April, 1919. 


a a eT a 


SD en en ee ee ee 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 253 


Life History and Habits of Silpha inaequalis Fab. 
(Coleoptera). 
By Mitton T. Gor, Portland, Oregon. 

On July 16th while strolling in a secluded place, my object 
being to secure some live insects for life history observations, 
I discovered the carcass of a cat, under or near which were 
many kinds of beetles that gather around decaying animal mat- 
ter. From among these I secured a few live specimens of 
Silpha inaequalis which I took home and placed in wide- 
mouthed tobacco jars containing a couple of inches of fresh 
moist soil, a few dry leaves beneath which they could hide, a 
shallow vessel of water, and a small piece of beef. The jars 
were then covered with a tin cover, the center of which had 
been cut away and a piece of cheese-cloth glued over the open 
ing so as to admit plenty of air. 

Two pairs were kept for study, but as one female laid but 
one batch of eggs and as both male and female soon died the 
data here given are from a single pair. 

Freshly-killed flies were often thrown into the jar and were 
eaten by the beetles in preference to the stale meat. They 
sometimes dug themselves into the soil but remained on top 
most of the time, often hiding under the leaves, seldom under 
the stale meat. They were frequently found drinking. Close 
watch was kept for eggs, and on the twentieth day of July 
the first eggs were found and in the soil. As it is generally 
stated that these insects deposit their eggs in the carcass, I 
wish to emphasize the fact that these Silphas, without an ex- 
ception, deposited their eggs in the soil. Only once did we 
observe this female in the act of laying, and then she placed 
the tip of her abdomen deep in the soil and when she had fin- 
ished scratched the dirt back with her front tarsi to cover the 
_ eggs more securely. 3 

The eggs are white, almost round, and about two millimeters 
in diameter. The egg-laying period covered thirty-six days 
and she averaged a little less than two eggs per day. 

-Rollowing are the dates and the exact number of eggs laid 
each day: 


254 ENTOMOLOGICAIL, NEWS [Nov., ’19 


July 20 6 eggs August I 2 eggs 
July 21 3 eggs August 3 I egg 
July 23 Q eggs August 5 I egg 
July 24 3 eggs August 15 4 eggs 
July 26 6 eggs August 18 6 eggs 
July 28 5 eggs August 20 7 eggs 
July 30 5 eggs August 23 2 eggs 

August 25 2 eggs 


Total 62 eggs 

On August 27th this female died. The six eggs laid July 
20th were buried in some moist soil in a jar to hatch, and July 
26th four coal-black larvae with yellowish red beads and black 
antennae made their appearance. These larvae were quick of 
motion; fed freely on the stale beef; rarely entered the soil, 
but usually could be found close together under the dry leaves. 

Moulting occurred twice before they entered the soil to 
pupate; the first time July 30th, the second time August 3rd. 
When moulting the exuviae split at head and thorax and the 
insects crawl out, leaving the cast skins much resembling dead 
larvae. 

During the afternoon of August 11th two of the larvae en- 
tered the soil to transform and the two remaining out were 
acting very strangely. They would dash frantically across the 
jar in which they were kept, suddenly stop and curl up on 
their sides, lie so a second, then roll over on their backs, then 
up and dash away again. These actions were repeated many 
times showing the unrest at the time this transformation was 
about to begin. 

As an experiment, we dropped a few drops of water upon 
them, which seemed to have a soothing effect, as they lay 
quietly as if appreciating it. During the night, they, too, en- 
tered the soil. August 18th we uncovered them and they were 
unchanged in form but were pure white in color. Three of the 
four larvae developed, coming out of the soil as adults August 
28th, 29th and 3ist, respectively. 

In this instance, the period of incubation was six days; the 
larval period sixteen days; the pupal period from seventeen to 
twenty days. | ae 

The young beetles ate very little at any time, and during the — 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 255 


winter months took no food at all. They spent most of their 
time in the soil, seldom being seen on top. 

_ March 30th a piece of liver was placed in the jar and a few 
hours later one of the beetles was found clinging to it, this 
being the first evidence of their eating anything since Novem- 
ber. During April these insects died, thus closing our investi- 


gations. 
[Blatchley, in his Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 276, has figured the vari- 
ous stages of Silpha inaequalis after Riley.—Ep.] . 


42> 
=<er 


On the Hymenopterous Parasites of Kermes 
; (Homop., Coccidae). 
By L. O. Howarp, Washington, D. C. 


In the very interesting article in Entomological News for 
April, 1919, on “Euclemensia bassettella (Clemens), the Kermes 
Parasite,” by A. H. Hollinger and H. B. Parks, the authors 
have brought together much important material concerning 
this unusual parasitic Lepidopteron. In the course of this 
article, the writers state that they have never reared any 
Hymenoptera from Kermes, either in Missouri or Texas. 

From the context, however, they apparently have not studied 
the subject for a very considerable length of time, and I feel 
reasonably sure that Hymenopterous parasites of Kermes will 
be found sooner or later in both Missouri and Texas, just as 
they have been found in so many other parts of the world. A 
good many years ago (in 1890) I found Kermes at Ithaca, 
New York, infested both by this Lepidopterous parasite and 
by a Hymenopterous parasite which I subsequently described 
as Aphycus pulchellus (afterwards placed by Timberlake in 
his genus Aenasioidea). 

I have taken the trouble to go through the records and to 
examine the bred specimens in the notes and collections of the 
Bureau of Entomology and the National Museum, and submit 
the following list of Hymenopterous parasites of Kermes, both 
from these sources and from the literature. There can be no 
doubt that the hosts in the cases of the American rearings 


250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’19 


were true Kermes, but following the first list is a list of rec- 
ords taken from the remarkable list of rearings by Giraud 
collected and annotated by Laboulbéne and published in the 
Annales de la Societé Entomologique de France for 1877 
(pages 397-436) in which the identification of the hosts as 
Kermes is open to doubt, judging from the food plants on 
which they occurred. No true Kermes are known except upon 
oak, and the food plants indicated in this French ‘list belong 
_to a variety of genera. It is altogether likely that Giraud 
called almost any naked Lecaniine Kermes. And these rec- 
crds are included here simply becatise they are already mat- 
ters of record. It-is evident that they should not be accepted 
except possibly in the cases where they are recorded as occur- 
ring on Quercus. Mr. Harold Morrison has prepared a note 
on these Giraud rearings which is appended to the list. 


Aenasioidea kermicola Timb. 
Kermes galliformis Riley. Murray, Utah, Sept. 16-21, 1914, P. H. 
Timberlake. 
Kermes essigui. King on Quercus agrifolia, Pasadena, California, 
Aug. 7, 1912, P. H. Timberlake. Timberlake, 1916, Proc. U. S. 
N. M., 50, p. 584. 
Aenasioidea latiscapus (Gir.). 
Kermes pubescens Bogue on oak. Urbana, Illinois, A. A. Girault. 
Girault, t911, Can. Ent., 43, pp. 168-78. 
Aenasioidea (Aphycus) pulchella (How.). 
Kermes on Quercus tinctoria, Ithaca, New York, Jan. 25-30, 1890, 
L. O. Howard. Howard, 1898, Proc. U. S. N. M., 21, p. 242. 
Aenasioidea tenuicornis Timb. 
Kermes miyasakii Kuwana. Akabane, Japan, Aug., 1909, S. I. 
Kuwana. Timberlake, 1916, Proc. U. S. N. M., 5a, p. 583. 
Blastothrix longipennis How. 
Kermes pubescens Bogue. Guelph, Canada, Alfred Eastham. East- 
ham, Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1910, p. 75. 
Chiloneurus lineascapus Gahan. 
Kermes on oak, College Park, Maryland, May 7, 1808, A. B. 
Gahan. U. S. N. M. collection. 
Kermes on lilac, College Park, Maryland, Mav 7, 1898, Franklin 
Sherman, Jr. Gahan, 1910, Can. Ent., 42, p. 207. 
Chiloneurus dubius How. 
Kermes sp. Malden, Massachusetts. Bureau Ent. Notes, No. 2404. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 257 


Chiloneurus cushmani Cwfd. 

Kermes sp. Vienna, Virginia, May 24, 1911, R. A. Cushman. 

Crawford, 1911, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 126. 
Comys sp. 

Kermes galliformis. os Angeles, California. U. S. N. M. Col- 

lection. 
Comys, n. sp. 

Kermes nigropunctatus. Whittier, California, E. W. Rust. Bu- 
reau Ent. Notes. 

Comys sp. (probably fusca). 

Kermes sp. on live oak. Houston, Texas, March 19, 1919, A. D. 
Hopkins. Bureau Ent. Notes. 

Cristatithorax pulcher Gir. 

Kermes pubescens Bogue on oak. Urbana, Hlinois, A. A. Girault. 

Girault, 1911, Cant. Ent., 43, pp. 168-78. 
Encyrtus sp. (cyaneus group). 

Kermes on oak. Tallulah, Louisiana, ‘May 21, 1907, A. H. Rosen- 

feld. U. S. N. M. Collection. 
Microterys speciosissimus Gir. 

Kermes pubescens Bogue on oak. Urbana, Illinois, A. A. Girault. 

Girault, 1911, Can. Ent., 43, pp. 168-78. 
Microterys cincticornis Ashm. 

Kermes pubescens Bogue on oak. Urbana, Illinois, A. A. Girault. 
Girault, 1911, Can. Ent., 43, pp. 168-78. 

Kermes pubescens on oak. Lawrence, Massachusetts, Geo. B. King. 
Bureau Ent. Notes, No. 8143. 

Coccophagus n. sp. 

a & Kermes quercus Condulaia), Nogales, Arizona, May 3, 18607, 

A. Koebele. U. S. N. M. Collection. 
Coccophagus scutatus How. 

Kermes sp. on Quercus agrifolia. Los Angeles, California, A. 
Koebele and D. W. Coquillett. Howard, 1911, Jour. Econ. Ent., 
40 277? Mercet, 1912, Trab. Mus. Nat. Madrid, p. 244. 

Kermes nigropunctatus. Southern California, Aug. 7, 1909, E. R. 
Sasscer. U. S. N. M. Collection. 

Myiocnema comperei Ashm. 

Kermes acaciae Mask. Sydney, New South Wales, Dec. 21, 1899, 

A. Koebele. U. S. N. M. Collection. 
Prospaltella citrella How. 

a @ Kermes quercus (undulata). Nogales, Arizona, May 3, 1897, 
A. Koebele. U. S. N.'M. Collection. 

Gyrolasia sp. ! 

Kermes pubescens Bogue on oak. Urbana, Illinois, A. A. Girault. 
Girault, 1911, Can. Ent., 43, pp. 168-78. 


258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., ’19 


Pachyneuron micans How. (?) 
Kermes pubescens Bogue on oak. Urbana, Illinois, A. A. Girault. 
Girault, 1911, Can. Ent., 43, pp. 168-78. 


Giraud’s records of his French rearings (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 

1877). 

Pachyneuron kermiphagus Giraud. Kermes on Festuca, Carpinus and 
Crataegus. . 

Eunotus obscurus Giraud. Kermes on Carpinus, Crataegus and 
Ostrya. 

Encyrtus punctipes Dal. Kermes on Crataegus, Carpinus, Aesculus, 

_ Alnus, Quercus and Ulmus. , 

Encyrtus erichsoni Westw. Kermes on Ostrya vulgaris, Acer erio- 
carpus and Festuca. 

Encyrtus apicalis Dalman. Kermes on Acer eriocarpus, Ostrya vul- 
garis and Pinus picea. 

Coccophagus scutellaris Nees. Kermes on Alnus and Festuca. 

Coccophagus circumscriptus Ratzbg. Kermes on Pinus picea. 

Ericydnus paludatus Halid. Kermes on Pinus picea. 

Cerapterocerus corniger Haliday. Kermes on Quercus sessilifiora. 

Cerapterocerus mirabilis Westw. Kermes on Festuca. | 

Chiloneurus clegans Westw. Kermes on Laurus cerasus, 

Chiloneurus ornatus Westw. Kermes on Salix. 

Coccophagus pantherinus Giraud. Kermes on Festuca. 

Comys obscurus Dalman. Kermes on Salix. 

Encyrtus aralius Walker. Kermes on Festuca, 

Encyrtus cyaneus Dal. Kermes on Festuca. 

Encyrtus festucae Giraud. Kermes on Festuca. 

Fincyrtus pascuorum Foerster. Kermes on Festuca. 

Encyrtus pratorum Giraud. Kermes on Festuca. 

Eunotus cretaceus Walker. Kermes on Festuca. 

Rhopus debilis Foerster. Kermes on Triticum repens. 


Appended Note by Harotp Morrison. 


None of the species cf “Kermes” in the Giraud list appears 
to belong to that genus in its modern taxonomic sense. This 
opinion is based on the fact that with two exceptions, one of 
which appears to be accidental, only Quercus spp. are recorded 
as host plants of the species of this genus, and that there are 
in France certain common Lecaniine scales known to occur on 
the host plants given in this list. The probable identity of 
these different scale insects is given below: 


¢ 


a 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 259 


Festuca spp. All records from this host plant are probably Hriopeltis 
festucae or E. lichtensteinit, the latter being probably a synonym 
of the first. This species is covered by a cottony sac in the last 
stages, just before oviposition, but appears to be naked in its early 
stages of growth. 

Triticum repens. This record is probably for the preceding species. 

Quercus sessiliflora. Regarding this “Kermes,”’ Reh, Allg. Zeitschr. 
Ent., 8, 1903, p. 355, states: “der ‘Kermes du Chene’ der franzosi- 
schen Autoren ist Lecanium pulchrum King.” This statement 
probably applies to this record from the list of Giraud and Laboul- 
béne. 

Laurus cerasus. .A number of Lecaniine species have been reported 
from Laurus. The most common is Coccus hesperidum, but it is 
impossible to suggest any certain genus and species for this record. 

Salix spp. This coccid is possibly Lecanium capreae, but might be 
one of several Lecaniine species. 

Pinus picea. This reference is probably to Physokermes piceac, al- 
though it might refer te one of several species. 

Alnus sp. Probably refers to Lecanium coryli. 

Acer sp. Possibly Lecanium corni, but might be one of several 
species. 

Ostrya vulgaris. Perhaps Lecanium corni, but might be one of sev- 
eral species. 

Crataegus sp. Might be any one of several species of Lecanium. 

Carpinus sp. Probably Lecanium coryli, but might be one of several 
species. 

Aesculus sp. Probably Lecanium coryli. 

Ulmus sp. Might be one of several species of Lecanium or even 
Gossyparia spuria. 

Regarding the taxonomic position of the Genus Kermes 
Boit., this genus has at various times beén included with the 
Lecaniine scale insec‘s, and with the large group of the mealy- 
bugs, as recognized by Cockerell and by the Fernald Catalogue 
of Coccidae. Of recent years, however, there has been a grow- 
ing tendency to consider this single genus as a separate group 


of the Coccidae having subfamily value as compared with the 


subfamilies at present recognized. The name Hemicoccinae 
is given to this group. What its ultimate position in the clas- 
sification of the family will be it is impossible to state, but at 
present it seems a little more closely related to the Lecaniinae 
(or Coccinae) than to any other subfamily. 


260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 19 


Notes on Cosmopterygidae, with Descriptions of new 
Genera and Species (Microlepidoptera). 
By ANNETTE F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Cosmopteryx Opulenta n. sp. 

Palpi white, outer and inner surfaces each marked with a black 
longitudinal line. Antennae grayish brown, becoming darker towards 
’ apex; with a conspicuous white line on anterior surface near base; 
last segment black, or sometimes merely black-tipped; next three pre- 
ceding segments white; next three segments black, followed by a 
white, then a black, then a white segment. Head and thorax grayish 
brown, with three longitudinal white lines. 

Fore wings brownish gray, or seal brown, with the basal half 
marked with five fine white longitudinal lines; one starting from base 
- just within the costal edge diverges from the costa outwardly, ex- 
tending about two-thirds through the basal brown area; a second 
extends along the extreme costa from the basal fourth almost or quite 
to the yellow fascia, becoming broader outwardly; a third along 
middle of wing from base to a little beyond the costo-basal streak: 
a fourth shorter streak below fold not attaining the base; a fifth 
white streak dorso-basal. Just beyond middle of wing, a yellow 
fascia. Four patches of metallic scales; the costal one of the inner 
pair limits the fascia inwardly, not touching the costa, and has a few 
black scales on its outer margin; dorsal patch placed farther back 
and with black scales on its inner margin; the yellow fascia extends 
between them and borders the inner side of the dorsal patch, some- 
times almost to dorsal margin. Posterior pair of metallic patches 
almost opposite, attaining the margins, and limiting the yellow fascia 
outwardly, except in the middle of the wing where the fascia. extends 
between and a little beyond them. Costal cilia immediately following 
the second costal metallic patch white; occasionally the yellow of the 
fascia is almost confluent with this white patch. Remainder of apical 
portion of wing and cilia of the basal brown ground color, except 
for a long white line extending from just: beyond the yellow fascia to 
the tips of the apical cilia. Hind wings and cilia concolorous with 
fore wings. Legs gray streaked and banded with white. 

Expanse: 9.5-10.5 mm. 


Locality: Rivera, Los Angeles County, California. 

Type and paratypes in writer’s collection. 

Nine specimens bred from irregular mines on Ambrosia 
psylostachya. The mines extend principally along the midrib, 
with irregular projections branching out on either side. The 
larva spins a cocoon on the densely pubescent under side of 
the leaf, constructed of silk, and the whitish pubescence of the 
leaf. Mines collected in October; imagoes in April of the 
following year. 

This species is apparently intermediate between C. delica- 
tella Wism,. and C. quadrilineella Cham. ; the additional white 
streak along the second fourth of costa distinguishes it from 
both, 


ee Cet Ey a ee eT ee ee ee ee 


ee ee Ss eS ee 


4s lO tia el oe a eee 


of fore wing bluish blac 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 261 


Cosmopteryx clemensella Stainton. 
The larvae of this species mine the overwintering leaves of 
Carex laxiflora var. latifolia, making long semitransparent 


irregular galleries, often deserting one mine to form a new 


one. The larvae feed during the fall and early winter, when 
the weather is sufficiently mild, and become full fed in the 
spring. They pupate in a wrinkle in the leaf, and the moths 
appear in May and June. ‘There is apparently but one gen- 
eration a year. 


PERIPLOCA new genus. 


Labial palpi long, recurved, laterally flattened, terminal 
joint shorter than second, acute. Head short, vertex broad. 
Antennae 2-3, basal segment flattened, somewhat enlarged, 
projecting posteriorly. Fore wings ovate-lanceolate, acumi- 
nate; 1b furcate, 2 from near end of cell, indistinct, 3 from 
angle, 4 obsolete toward origin, especially in female, 5 and 6 
out of 7, 8 out of 7 before 5, 9 approximate to their stalk, Io 
arising opposite 2 in female, much nearer base in male, in 
which it is nearly parallel to 11, which in both sexes arises be- 
fore middle of cell, transverse vein indistinct between 4 and 7. 
Hind wings linear-lanceolate, 1-4, cilia 5, costal shoulder pro- 
nounced ; 2, 3, 4, equidistant and parallel, 4 and 5 connate or 
nearly so, approximate to 7, 6 out of 7 near apex; transverse 


yein indistinct but perceptible. Posterior tibiae with bristly 


scales above and iong hairs above towards apex. 
Genotype: Periploca purpuriella n. sp. 


Periploca purpuriella n. sp. 
Palpi bluish black, face . 


onzy. Head, antennae, thorax and base 
“gradually shading outwardly to reddish 
bronze. According to the™M@ht the wing may appear almost entirely 
deep blue; or entirely reddjghs bronze except at extreme base. Hind 
wings shining, becoming bronzyjtowards apex. Legs deep bluish black. 
Expanse: 8 mm. 


Locality: Fredalba, San Bernardino Mts., California, Aug- 
ust 19 to September 1 (G. R. Pilate). 

Type and paratypes in writer’s collection. 

Described from about 45 specimens. 


AMAUROGRAMMA new genus. 


Head rather elongate, front prominent. Antennae 2-3, bi- 
serrate in outer half, basal segment rather long, slightly en- 
larged distally. Labial palpi long recurved, somewhat thick- 


262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., ’19 


ened with scales, third segment a little over one-half the sec- 
ond, acute. Posterior tibiae rough-haired above and on outer 
half beneath. 

Fore wings with tufts of raised scales; very narrow, apex — 
long pointed; 1b fureate, lower side of furcation obsolete, 
2 absent, 3 and 4 long stalked from angle of cell, 5 indistinct 
except near margin, 7 and 8 out of 6, 11 from middle of cell. 
Hind wings 1-3, linear beyond costal shoulder, with apex pro- 
duced; cilia 6; most of veins obsolete, lower margin of cell 
distinct, 2 and 3 given off close to margin, 4 and 5 absent, 6 
and 7 long stalked. 

Genotype: Amaurogramma extensa n. sp. 

A development of Chrysopeleia, from which it differs by 
the more elongate and slender palpi, the difference being due 
to the greater length of the second segment, and the narrower 
elongate wings, with stalking of 4 and 5 in the fore wing; the 
extreme narrowing of the hind wings is accompanied by the 
obsolescence of most of the veins. Chrysopeleia quadricrista- 
tella Chambers apparently belongs here, but is distinct from 
the species described below. 


Amaurogramma extensa Nn. sp. 

Head, thorax and fore wings clothed with whitish-tipped gray 
scales, producing a uniformly irrorated aspect. Four patches of black- 
ish raised scales on the fore wing, each margined inwardly with dull 
whitish; the first below the fold at one-fourth, the second on the disk ~ 
in the middle of the wing, the third a little beyond it on the dorsum, 
the fourth at end of cell; a fifth raised patch beyond is distinct in 
the male. Minute tufts along the termen. Hind wings and cilia gray. 
Legs gray, with tips of segments whitish; hind tibiae with an oblique 
white bar across the middle of the outer _Side. Abdomen gray, upper 
side of first four or five segments yellowish, Expanse: 7.5-9 mm. 


Type (male), Loma Linda, California, July 22; paratype 
(female), Loma Linda, California, June 3 (G. R. Pilate), in 
writer’s collection. 


Ithome unimaculella Chambers. 
Ithome unimaculella Chambers, Can. Ent. vii, 94, 1875; xi, 9, 1879. 


The statement by Chambers that /thome cannot be sep- 
arated generically from Perimede is apparently the basis for 
the accepted view that J. unimaculella is a synonym of P. er- 
ransella Cham. While the two insects are superficially much 
alike, they can be easily separated structurally and by mark- 
ings. The characters of Ithome Cham. are as follows: 


~~ ee ee ee a eee ee a ee ae 


er ee ee 


a aan | ee ee ee ee 
- Chai \ /' 


eee ee ee, 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 263 


Palpi long recurved, slender, smooth, third segment a little exceeding 
the second, acute; antennae as in Perimede, basal segment somewhat 
elongate, slightly clavate, stalk serrate near apex. Fore wings with- 
out scale tufts; 1b furcate, 2 from very near angle of cell (opposite 
origin of 10), 3 from angle, 4 remote at origin, but curving immedi- 
ately downward toward 3, 7 and 8 stalked, 6 out of 7 near apex, II 
from middle of cell. Hind wings 1-2, linear lanceolate, 2, 3, 4 parallel, 
equidistant, 5 approximate to or connate with 4, 6 and 7 long stalked, 
cell open between 5 and 7. Hind tibiae rough haired above. 


Apart from the stalking of 6 with 7 in the fore wing, and 
the stalking of 6 and 7 of hind wing, the position of. vein 2 
of fore wing is the chief difference between this genus and 
Perimede, where this vein arises but slightly beyond 11. The 
hind wings are much narrower, with more deeply excised 
costa and pronounced costal shoulder. To Chambers’ genus 
Eriphia it has no resemblance. 


In addition to these structural differences, Jithome unima- 
culella differs from Perimede erransella by its smaller size 
(7.5-9 mm.), the series of distinct white spots on the under 
surface of the third palpal segment (varying in number from 


‘four to seven, including the white extreme apex as a spot), 


the absence of markings except the costal spot before the 
cilia, a very minute plical spot, and the immaculate under sur- 
face of the wings. As both species easily become worn on 
the upper side, and a slight abrasion produces a sordid whitish 


spot, the palpal markings and the immaculate tinder surface of 


the wings are the most reliable characters. 


Perimede falcata n. sp. + 

Head and thorax shining whitish gray, densely dusted with fus- 
cous; palpi shining grayish brown with the upper sides whitish, lower 
surfaces faintly hoary. Antennae dark grayish fuscous. 

Fore wings shining grayish white almost overlaid with purplish 
fuscous dusting. Three spots of raised black scales margined with 
white inwardly, the first in the fold sometimes elongate, the second 
in the middle, the third at the end of the cell; a whitish costal spot 
at the beginning of the cilia and an opposite dorsal one. A black spot 


in apex, margined inwardly with white scales; a series of minute | 


raised black specks along the termen, usually with whitish scales bor- 
dering them inwardly. Cilia along costa to a point opposite apex 
dark fuscous, beneath apex for about half the termen white, rest of 
cilia dark fuscous, the line separating the white from the fuscous 
terminal cilia curving obliquely across the cilia. Under surface of 


264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., ’19 


wings with apex black and series of black spots repeated. Hind wings 
dusted grayish fuscous; extreme apex on both surfaces black; the 
under surface mottled with white. Abdomen fuscous, paler beneath, 
with four black spots on each side of under surface. Legs fuscous, 
apices of joints white. Expanse: 11.5-14 mm. 


Localittes: Cincinnati, Ohio; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 
(Engel). 

Type (2), Cincinnati, Ohio, July 28; paratype (2), Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, July 5; four paratypes, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- 
vania, June 12-30, all in writer’s collection. 

The conspicuous white patch in the terminal cilia distin- 
guishes this species from P. erransella Cham. and from P. 
particornella Busck; from the latter the unicolorous antennae 
also separate it. It is a much broader winged species than 
P. erranselia; with this exception its structural characters 
differ in no respect from the type of the genus. 


Psacaphora metallifera Wlsm. 


A number of moths bred from larvae mining leaves of 
Cuphea petiolata answer the description of Elachista (?) 
metallifera \WW1sm. described from a single specimen in which 
the type of marking is evidently that of Psacaphora. The an- 
tennal markings are by no means constant; sometimes the 
last four or five segments are entirely silvery white; some- 
times there is a series of four or five whitish or grayish spots 
separated by dark spots; and sometimes the entire antennal 
stalk is dark brown. The blue and purple iridescent dorsal 
spot is in all, except one specimen, extended along the termen 
to the apex; in other respects the specimens agree minutely 
with the description. It is remarkable for its minute size; 
expanse varying from 4.7 mm. to 6.5 mm.; that of the type 
was given as 5 mm. ; 

The larva makes several mines; the earliest extremely short 
and narrow and difficult to discern; later it makes long con- 
torted serpentine mines or blotches, eating out the whole of 
the smaller leaves near the top of the plant. The larva often 
crawls for a couple of inches with the greatest ease amongst 
the extremely viscid hairs of the plant, in which ants and small 
flies are often caught and held fast. The general color of the 
larva is bright red, due to the obscuring of the yellowish 
ground color by the confluence of the bright red markings 
on either side of the mid-dorsal line. Cocoon spindle-shaped, 
of dense straw-colored silk. 


Ce ee ee ee ol 


ee ee ye ee 


a! i ta a el alee OT I 
y 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., NOVEMBER, I9QIQ. 


The Use of the Term Larva. 

We have recently reread Professor Comstock’s article in 
the Annals of the Entomological Society of America for June, 
1918, entitled “Nymphs, Naiads and Larvae.” It will be re- 
called that in it he proposes to limit the term nymph to the 
early stages of insects which have a gradual metamorphosis, 
as the Orthoptera and Hemiptera, and that naiad be used for 
used for the :mmature stages of Plecoptera, Odonata and 
Ephemerida (“incomplete metamorphosis”), while Jarva is to 


. be restricted to the young of insects with complete metamor- 


phosis, Diptera, Lepidoptera et al., as some have already done. 

To us, however, this very narrow use of farva appears de- 
cidedly objectionable, since the word has come to possess a 
much wider significance, having been very generally employed, 
in various languages, to denote the active, postembryonic stage 
of many phyla which presents a more or less distincily differ- 
ent aspect from the adult. Thus, Professor Edmond Perrier, 
even after writing: 

The words larva and metamorphosis, borrowed from the vocabulary 
of the entomologists, have indeed in Entomology a precise signification 
from which one turns aside absolutely when one applies them to the 
development of the Echinoderms, or to that of the Crustacea, or of 
the great majority of worms. Metamorphosis is a more or less rapid 
change, either in the internal organs or in the external forms, of an 
organism already in possession of all the morphological units of 
which its body is to be formed, 
goes on to add: 

Before the transformation, the animal is in the state of a larva, 


after it in the perfect state. Such transformations can be observed 
in numerous groups of the animal kingdom outside of the class of 


Insects. One can consider as a metamorphosis the transformation of. 


Ephyra into a Discomedusa; that of the vermiform larva of Coma- 
tula into the cystidean larva; that of the females of parasitic Copepods 
into Lernaeans; that of cypris-larvae of Cirripedes into Anatifera, 
Balanus or Sacculina; that of symmetrical into asymmetrical Pagurus; 
that of larvae of Bryozoa into protomerids; that of three-segmented 


265 


266 - ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., *19 


larvae of Brachiopods into adult Brachiopods; that of the tadpoles of 
Ascidians into Ascidians, of Ammocetes into Lampreys, of Lepto- 
cephalus into Conger eels, of symmetrical into asymmetrical Pleuro- 
nectes, of the tadpoles of Batrachians into salamanders, frogs and 
toads. [Translated from his Traité de Zoologie, pp. 194-5.] 

This general use of larva for all groups of animals in which 
a similar stage obtains is decidedly convenient, some such 
term being a necessity. We notice that the latest text-book 
of Entomology, Prof. Lochhead’s Class Book of Economic 
Entomology, uses larva in this wide sense. The subject is 
one which might well be discussed by the Entomological So- 
ciety of America at its next meeting. 


<> 


Entomological Literature. 


‘COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 


Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 
Academy of Naturai Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- 
tomology of the Americas (North and South), ineluding Arachnida and 
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, 
i aa whether relating to American or exotic species, will be re- 
corded. 

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. 

All continued papeis, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 
first installments. 

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north 
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat. 

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, 
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- 
tomology, Series A. London. .For records of papers on Medical Ento- 
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 


4—Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 5—Psyche, Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, Lon- 
don. 9—The Entomologist, London. 11—Annals and Magazine 
of Natural History, London. 12—Journal of Economic Entomol- 
ogy, Concord, N. H. 18—Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 
Claremont, Cal. 17—Lepidoptera, Boston, Mass. 19—Bulletin of 
the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 20—Bulletin de la Societe 
Entomologique de France, Paris. 30—Tijdschrift voor Entomol- 
ogie, The Hague, Holland. 32—Insecta. Revue Illustree d‘Ento- 
mologie, Rennes. 383—Annales de la Societe Entomologique de 
Belgique, Brussels. 37—Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomolog- 
ical Society. 39—The Florida Buggist, Gainesville. 40—Genera 
Insectorum, Diriges par P. Wytsman. 50—Proceedings of the 
United States National Museum, Washington. 52—Zoologischer 
Anzeiger, Leipsic. 61—Proceedings of the California Academy of 
Sciences, San Francisco. 62—Bulletin of the American Museum of 


eee ee ae ae 


Vol. xxx]. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 267 


Natural History, New York. 69—Comptes Rendus, des Seances de 
VAcademie des Sciences, Paris. 73—Proceedings of the Linnean 
Society of New South Wales, Sydney. 79-—Bulletin of the Museum 
of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. 
90—The American Naturalist, Lancaster, Pa. 


GENERAL. Berger, E. W.—Entomology as a pure science. 
39, ii, 81-5. Blackmore, E. H.—Rare and uncommon insects taken 
in British Columbia during 1918 (Rept. Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist., Br. 
Columbia, 1918, T. 7-13). Bordage, E.—Sur quelques particularites 
de l’histolyse observees pendant la metamorphose des insectes 
metaboles. 20, 1919, 258-9. Escherich, K.—Zeitschrift fur ange- 
wandte entomologie IV, Heft 2. Godman, F. DuC.—Memorial to 
the late Frederick DuCane Godman. 8, 1919, 206-7. Ireland, W. 


-H.—On the migration of insects. 17, iii, 57-8. Klapalek, F.—[No- 


tice of death.! 52, 1, 208. Lizer, €.—Primer ensayo bibliografico 
de entomologia Argentina. (Primera Reun. Nac. Soc. Argent. - 
Cien. Nat., Tucuman, 1916, 351-380.) McDunnough, J. H.—Direc- 
tions for collecting and preserving insects. (Canada Dept. of 
Agric., Ent. Branch, Circ. 12). Stoner, D.—Collecting terrestrial 
arthropods in Barbados and Antigua. 4, 1919, 173-8 (cont.). 


GENETICS, ETC. Zeleny, C.—Change in the bar gene of 
Drosophila involving further decrease in facet number and in- 
crease in dominance (Jour. Gen. Physiology, ii, 69-71). 


ARACHNIDA AND MYRIAPODA. Emerton, Banks & 
Chamberlin—Spiders, Mites and Myriapods (Rept., Canadian Arct. 
Exp., 1913-18, iii, H.). 


NEUROPTERA. Folsom, J. W.—Collembola from the Crocker 
Land Expedition. 62, xli, 271-303. Longinos Navas, R. P.—AI- 
gunos insectos N. de la Republica Argentina (Revista, R. Acad. 
Cien Exact. Fisic. Natur., Madrid, xvii, 287-305.) Navas, R. P. 
L.—Algunos insectos de la Republica Argentina (Revista R. Acad. 
Cien. Exact. Fisc. Nat., Madrid, xvi, 491-504). 


Baker, Ferris & Nuttall—Mallophaga and Anoplura (Rept., Ca- 
nadian Arctic Exp., 1913-18, ili, D.). Banks, N.—Neuropteroid 
insects (Rept., Canadian Arctic Exp., 1913-18, iii, B.). Folsom, J. 
W.—Collembola (Rept. Canadian Arct. Exp., iii, A.). Treherne, 
R. C.—Notes on Thysanoptera from British Columbia. 4, 1919, 
181-90. Watson, J. R—New Thysanoptera from Florida. 39, ii, 
97-102, 116-19; iii, 2-7. 


ORTHOPTERA. Pantel & de Sinety—Sur le nombre des 
stades postembryonnaires chez les Phasmides, leur fusion et leur 
dedoublement. 30, Ixii, 1-29. : 


268 ENTOMOLOGICAL, NEWS [| Nov., ’19 


HEMIPTERA. Baker, A. C.—On the use of the names Lachnus 
and Lachniella. 4, 1919, 211-12. Britton, W. E.—Swarms of 
aphids. 12, xii, 351. Ferris, G. F.—Observations on some mealy- 
bugs (Coccidae). Lack-producing insects of the U. S. 12> xis, 
292-99; 330-3. Leonard, M. D.—The immature stages of Strongy- 
locoris stygica (Miridae). 4, 1919, 178-80. Lizer, C-—Una nueva 
subespecie de “Ceroplastes” de la Republica Argentina (Coccidae). 
Sobre una nueva hemipterocecidia Argentina. (Primera Reun. 
Nac. Soc. Argentina Cien. Nat., Tucuman, 1916, Sec. Zool., 381-88.) 
Merrill, G. B.—Host list of the fluted, or cottony cushion scale. 
(Quart. Bul. Sta. Plant Bd. of Florida, iii, 125-33.) Moreira, C.— 
Les pucerons et leur oeuf d’hiver (Aphididae). 20, 1919, 236-8. 
Parshley, H. M.—Note on the sexes of the Tingid, Melanorhopala 
clavata. A morphological note on the Tingoidea. 19, xiv, 102-3; 
109-10. Riley, C. F. C.—Some habitat responses of the large 
water-strider, Gerris remigis. 90, liii, 394-414 (cont.). Severin, 
H. H. P.—Notes on the behavior of Eutettix tenella. 12, xii, 
303-8. 


Drake, C. J—A n. sp. of Velia from Florida. 39, iii, 1-2. Gib- 
son, E. H.—A review of the leafhoppers of the genus Gyphona 
north of Mexico. 50, lvi, 87-100. McAtee, W. L.—Key to the 
Nearctic sps. of Piesmidae. 19, xiv, 80-93. Van Duzee, E. P.— 
Hemiptera (Rept., Canadian Arctic Exp., 1913-18, iii, F.). 


LEPIDOPTERA. Braun, A. F.—The synonymy of Helice and 
Theisoa (Micro-L.). 4, 1919, 201-3. Chapais, J. C—La lycie vul- 
gaire (Nat. Canadien, xlvi, 25-7). Hall, A.—Descriptions of 12 
new Nymphaline butterflies. 9, 1919, 195-200. Kaye, W. J.—New 
sps. and gen. of Nymphalidae Syntomidae, and Sphingidae in the 
Joicey Collection. 11, iv, 84-94. Lewis, G—On the taxonomy 
of the Histeridae. 8, 1919, 173-4. Reiff, W.—Notes on plate No. 3 
(Heliconius, Papilio, Catocala). 17, iii, 60-2. Riley, N. D—Some 
new Rhopalocera from Brazil. 9, 1919, 181-6 (cont.). Rummel, C. 
—Catocala tristis and gracilis on high-bush blueberry. 19, xiv, 
103. Tillyard, R. J—On the morphology and systematic position 
of the family Micropterygidae. 73, xliv, 95-136. 


DIPTERA. Herms, W. B.—Occurrence of malaria and ano- 
pheline mosquitoes in northern California (U. S. Pub. Health 
Service, Reprint No. 541). Johnson, C. W.—Revised list of D. 
of Jamaica. 62, xli, 421-49. Kieffer, J. J.—Observations sur les 
Chironomides decrits par J. R. Malloch. 20, 1919, 191-4. Malloch, 
J. R—The limits of the dipterous group Calyptrata. 19, xiv, 111- 
12. Roubaud, E.—Antagonisme du betail et de homme dans la 
nutrition sanguine de l’Anopheles maculipennis. 69, clxix, 483-6. 


Vol, xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 269 


Alexander, C. P.—New Nearctic crane-flies, VIII. 4, 1919, 191-9. 
New Nearctic sps. of the genus Erioptera (Tipulidae). 19, xiv, 
104-8. Alexander, Dyar & Malloch—Diptera (Rept., Canadian 
Arctic Exp., 1913-18, ili, C.). Cole & Lovett—New Oregon D. 
61, ix, 221-55. Van Duzee, M. C.—Key to the North American sps. 
af Medeterus, with descriptions of n. sps. 61, ix, 257-70. 


COLEOPTERA. Bickhardt, H.—Histeridae. 40, 166a-b. Black- 
man, M. W.—Two bark-beetles attacking the trunks of white pine 
trees. 5, xxvi, 85-96. Burke, H. E.—Biological notes on.... 
Chrysobothris femorata, and..... C. mali. - 12, xii, 326-30. Cham- 
pion, G. C.—Another note on the habits of Melanophila acuminata. 
8, 1919, 177-8. Crampton, G. C.—Notes on the ancestry of the 
C. 18, xi, 49-54. Fenyes, A.—Staphylinidae, subfam. Aleochari- 
nae. 40, 173a. Grouvelle, A—Memoires entomologiques. Etudes 
sur les Coleopteres. Fasc. 1-2. (Soc. Ent. France). Lameere, A. 
—Cerambycidae, subfam. Prioninae. 40, 172. Matheson, R.— 
Notes on Pelenomis sulcicollis (Curculionidae). 4, 1919, 199-201. 
de Peyerimhoff, P—Un nouveau type d’insectes Strepsipteres. 20, 
1919, 162-73. Pic, M.—Notes sur le genre Astylus, et description 
de deux esp. nov. (Melyridae). 20, 1919, 188-90. Weiss, H. B.— 
Notes on Sulcacis lengi and Orchesia castanea, breeding in fungi. 
4, 1919, 203-4. 


Blatchley, W. S.—-Inseces of Florida. Supplementary notes on 
the water beetles. 62, xli, 305-22. Fall, H. C—New C., VIII. 
4, 1919, 212-16. 


HYMENOPTERA. Bordas, L.—Considerations generales sur 
les glandes venimeuses des H. terebrants. 82, 1919, 94-6. Brues, 
C. T.—A n. sp. of the genus Scleroderma from the Galapagos Is- 
lands. 61, ii, 309-10. Desey, A.>Instinct et intelligence experi- 
ences sur l’ammophile. 38, lix, 86-95. Wheeler, W. M.—Ants of 
the Galapagos Islands. Ants of Cocos Island. 61, ii, 259-308. 


Banks, N.—The:Psammocharidae of western N. A. 79, Ixiii, 
229-48. Bridwell, J. C_—Miscellaneous notes on H., with descrip- 
tions of n. gen. & sps. [mostly Hawaiian]. 37, iv, 109-165. Cush- 
man, R. A.—Notes on certain genera of ichneumon flies, with de- 
scriptions of a new gen. and 4 n. sps. 50, lvi, 373-82. Phillips & 
Emery—A revision of the chalcid flies of the genus Harmolita of 
America north of Mexico. 50,-Iv, 433-71. Stevens, O. A.—Pan- 
gurgine bees of North Dakota and a new Epeolus. 4, 1919, 205-10. 
' Timberlake, P. H.—Revision of the parasitic chalcidoid flies of the 
genera Homalotylus, and Isodromus, with descriptions. 50, Ilvi, 
133-94... Wheeler, W. M.—A new paper-making Cremastogaster | 
from the southeastern U. S. Ants of Tobago Island. 5, xxvi, 
107-12; 113. 


270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., “19 


AN INVESTIGATION OF THE LousE ProsLEM. By Wutttam Moore, ° 


Associate Professor of Entomology in the University of Minnesota, 
and ArtHur DoucLass HirscuFeLper, Professor of Pharmacology in 
the same. Research Publications, Univ. Minn., viii, No. 4, July, ror19. 
8&6 pp., 2 figs., 16 tables-—-A paper growing out of the recent war. 
Although four-fifths of its pages are devoted to measures for check- 


ing or destroying the clothes or body louse (Pediculus corporis), a’ 


number of biological observations, some confirmatory, others contra- 
dictory, of the results of previous investigators occupy the early 
parts. The authors’ experiments were conducted on lice raised in an 
incubator at 28-32 deg. C. and a relative humidity of 70-80 per cent., 
with two feedings on human volunteers per day. In dealing with the 
pathological conditions produced by lice “which had never bitten dis- 
eased individuals,” the possibility that the insects were hereditarily 
infected is not considered. The effects of ordinary laundry practice 
as destructive of lice and nits were investigated and some suggestions 
for certainty of death are offered. The most valuable part of the 
paper deals with the action of pediculicides, especially those suitable 
for impregnation of underwear, and is pervaded throughout, with the 
endeavor to determine the principles governing the toxicity of various 
substances, in line with Prof. Moore’s researches published in the 
Journal of Agricultural Research for 1917 and 1018, instead of ex- 


perimenting with all sorts of materials by a hit-or-miss empirical 
method.—P. P. C. (Advt.) 


SEVENTEENTH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST OF MINNESOTA. 


By A. G. Ruccres. St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 1, 1918. Rec’d. May 5, 1919. 
—In addition to a general report on insect conditions in 1918, and 
articles of economic interest on an oak twig girdler, Agrilus arcuatus 
Say and var. torquatus Lec., “the worst pest of black oaks discovered 
in recent years,” the relative values of different arsenic salts for potato 
spraying, the carpenter ant as a destroyer of sound wood (of the 
white cedar), the occurrence of Drosophila in bottled milk, methods 
of combating the confused flour beetle and the clover seed chalcid, 
by Messrs. Ruggles, Graham, Riley, Chapman and Williamson, this 
volume contains three longer papers of taxonomic and geographical 
importance: a synopsis of the tribes and higher groups of the Aphidi- 
dae by O. W. Oestlund, and preliminary reports on the Trombidiidae, 
and on the Hymenoptera, of Minnesota, by C. W. Howard and F. L. 
Washburn respectively. Mr. Howard has not identified the chigger, 
which not only attacks man but also birds, as the prairie chicken, 
quail and pheasants, in Minnesota, farther than that according to 
Oudemans it should be the larva of a Microtrombidium. Prof. Wash- 
burn gives professedly incomplete lists of the Hymenoptera actually 
identified from the State, accompanied by three four-color plates and 
excellent half-tone text figures—P. P. C. (Advt.) 


ee ee ee 


Ent. News, Vol. XXX. Plate XI. 


WY 
We 
Yj 


WH 
Mee 
Vgenr2 Ul 


\ 


\) 
: 
SiS 


AY 


Fig.2 


Ms Cu, +Mz3 2d A +Cu2 
1. CAMPOSELLA INSIGNATA, N. GEN. ET SP. 2. LASIA sP.—COLE. 


ee a 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION 


THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. 


VoL. XXX. DECEMBER, 1g19. No. Io. 
CONTENTS: 
Cole—A new Genus in the Dipterous Skinner—Hesperia syrichtus and mon- 
Family Cyrtidae from South America 271 tivagns( Lep.) as sco cca ss se cee nae eae 297 
Ferris—A New Species of Pseudodias- Bradley—A new Tachytes from Geor- 
pis (Hemiptera; Coccidae)........ 275 gia (Hymenop.: Larridae) ......... 298 
Nicolay—Additions to Insects of New Ireland—Sugaring for Moths.......--- 298 
SUI IN, Wein oc as sc cheese cnn: 276 Editorial—After Thirty Years.......... 299 
Reinhard—Preliminary Notes on Texas A Loved and Respected Entomologist 300 
Tachinidae (Diptera).........++-.e-. 279 Davis—Preservatives for Plants and 
Cockerell—The Bees of the Rocky es eee AIS op ol nacre AON iene re 
Mountain National Park (Hymen.) 286 a ee esa Bees 8 
Williamson—Variation in Color Pat- Worcs sdsasict S Hxudes de Dee 
optérologie Comparée............... 304 
tern of the Dragonfly Gomphus cras- Doings of Societies—Feldman Collect- 
RIE RMOUIRER) Oo oisiss a o> «00s e kclae eae 204 ing Social (Dip., Coleop., Lepid.)... 204 
Annual Meetings of Entomologists.... 296 | Correction....-.....cceseeeeeeeer ences 304 


A new Genus in the Dipterous Family Cyrtidae 
from South America. 
By F. R. Core, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. 
(Plate XI) 

In material received at the United States National Museum. 
from Prof. F. Campos, of the Museum in Guayaquil, Ecua- 
dor, there was included a remarkable new Cyrtid. Through 
the kindness of Dr. J. M. Aldrich, of the National Museum, 
I am able to describe and figure this interesting specimen. 
Among other characters there is an almost unbelievable de- 
velopment of the antennae, and it is small wonder that some 
of the entomologists at the National Museum thought they 
were dreaming when they came across it in the collection. 


CAMPOSELLA pn. gen. 


Head hemispherical, the occiput but little swollen. Eyes- 


pilose, contiguous from vertex to base of antennae and widely 


separated from this point to the mouth opening, the space 
being deeply excavated, although the proboscis is quite rudi- 
mentary. Antennae in male about four times the length of 
the head; the first joint sunk in the head, the second ring-like 


271 


272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS pec. 19 


and short, the third enormous, about as wide as the vertical 
diameter of the head, flattened and blade-like. Proboscis 
about as long as height of head, small, cylindrical, pointed and 
with fine hairs on the surface; it is not rigid as in Lasia and 
Eulonchus, and is clearly rudimentary, not being adapted for 
feeding. Palpi are absent. The ocellar tubercle is rudimen- 
tary and there are no ocelli. | 

Thorax large and inflated as in Lasia, quite thickly pilose, 
the prothoracic lobes and upper pleura inflated and quite prom- 
inent. Upper surface of scutellum rather flattened. Postalar 
callosities of medium size. Squamae large and of thin tex- 
ture, the surface and margins pilose. Legs of normal stout- 
ness, all the tibiae enlarged at the tips and with a spur-like 
projection above. Tarsi. slightly compressed laterally. Claws 
quite long and so formed that they can be brought together 
along the inner surfaces. Pulvilli and -empodia absent. 

Abdomen large and inflated in appearance, although. the 
venter is flattened. Pile of abdomen quite noticeable. Geni- 
talia similar to those of Eulonchus. Wing venation very near 
that of Lasia; the lower branch of the fourth vein has dis- 
appeared, however, and the upper branch of the third vein 
ends in the first just beyond its juncture with the second. In 
Lasia this is a variable character, but is constant in the species 
as far as known. 

Genotype: Camposella insignata n. sp. 

C. insignata n. sp. 

é.—Length 13 mm., length of antennae 5 mm. Head and eyes 
black with black pile. Eyes contiguous above and widely separated 
below the antennae. Antennae contiguous at base, first joint scarcely 
visible and yellow, second joint small, black and ring-like. The third 
antennal joint has a rounded, short basal portion which expands into 
a very large surface, flattened, very thin and rounded at the end. 
The third joint is about four times as long as the head and about 6-10 
as wide as long; it is velvety black and destitute of pile. Proboscis 
rudimentary, slender, cylindrical and pointed, covered with very short 
black pile. Face black, deeply excavated below the antennae (see 
Pl. XI, fig. rb). Occiput slightly swollen, the cheeks shining black 
and pointed below the eyes. Ocellar tubercle rudimentary, black, with 
a central depression which is thinly black pilose; ocelli absent. 


ee ee ey oF 


- Vol. xxx] -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 273 


Thorax large and inflated, brownish black in color, the anterior 
half thickly golden pilose with a few black hairs along the median 
line. Posterior half of the dorsum (more or less abraded in this 
specimen) black pilose, as are the ‘postalar callosities. Scutellum col- 
ored as the thorax, flattened, of nearly uniform width, with black pile 
except in the center. Upper pleura inflated, yellow pilose above, 
black below. Squamae smoky hyaline, the surface and border with 
short black pile. Coxae blackish brown, the front pair yellowish 
pilose, the others black pilose. Femora blackish brown with black 
pile, paler at base and tip. Tibiae blackish, yellowish at tip, which is 
enlarged and with a slender spur above. Tarsi yellow, the claws 
yellow at base. Tibiae and tarsi with very fine, short yellow pile. 
No empodia or pulvilli present. 

Abdomen very broad and inflated, but the venter flat, the general 
shape being very near that of Lasia, in which the fifth segment is 
much smaller than the fourth. The first three abdominal segments 
and basal half of fourth with rather short black pile, posterior to this 
the pile is golden yellow. Ground color of abdomen brownish black, 
near a dark mahogany color. Venter clothed with reclinate golden 
yellow pile. Genitalia blackish marked with yellow, with yellowish 
pile. 

Wings brownish hyaline, a little darker near the base. Veins black- 
ish. Venation nearly identical with that of Lasia (see Pl. XI, fig. 2). 
As in some species of Lasia the upper branch of the third vein (R4) 
ends in the first (Rr+2+3) beyond its junction with the second. 
The lower branch of the fourth vein is missing. 


This remarkable species would go in the subfamily Pano- 
pinae. Some of the genera in this group have a rudimentary 
proboscis, such as Ocnaga and Astomella. It has several char- 
acters in common with Lesia, the general shape of the body 
being strikingly near that genus and the venation is almost 
identical. The Leptidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae are sep- 
arated from other families by having the empodia devel- 
oped pulvilliform and it is remarkable that this species should 
have no sign of pulvilli or empodia. The claws close to- 
gether along the inner edges as in some of the Asilidae, such © 
as Leptogaster, some species of which have not even the 
usual bristle-like empodia. This would seem to be a very 
important and deep-seated character, but on account of its 
close resemblance to the genus Lasia it would not seem ad- 


visable to erect a new subfamily to receive it. Owing to the 


274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. \Dee,, "19 


great variation in this group of insects, characters which 
might be considered generic in other families are of only spe- 
cific value here. Ordinarily the absence of pulvilli and em- 
podia would place it in a new family, but it is clearly a Cyr- 
tid, and there are no corresponding changes elsewhere in the 
organism. Most species of Anthrax lack pulvilli, but some 
have them, so this is a variable character in the nearly related 
Bombyliidae. 

The antennae are very remarkable, but as we know only 
the male they may be a secondary sexual character. In the . 
genus Eulonchus the third antennal joint is greatly enlarged 
and in Ocnaea (in the subfamily Panopinae) there are several 
species with a large third antennal joint. In Ocnaea schwarzi 
Cole from Cuba the third antennal joint is large and laterally 
compressed. In the Cyrtidae the two sexes are almost iden- 
tical in appearance and if the remarkable antennae of Campo- 
sella are a male ornamental character it will be the first in- 
stance of this kind in the Cyrtidae. The unusual development 
of the antennae gives a great sensitive surface and it may be 
that this is utilized by the male in lecating the female. The 
overdevelopment of one organ may be at the expense of an- 
other, and in this case the ocellar tubercle is rudimentary and 
the ocelli absent, but this is another variable character in the 
Cyrtidae. 

In this species we have a connecting link between Lasia and 
Ocnaea. Parasitism has undoub‘edly modified other genera 
in the Cyrtidae and we see here a changing species. The an- 
cestral type was near Lasia and Eulonchus, both with a long 
proboscis; here the proboscis is aborted and the lower branch 
of the fourth vein has disappeared. It is undoubtedly a de- 
generate offshoot from the primitive type, the genus Panops 
in Australia being another such branch. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. 


Fig. I. Camposella insignata n. gen. et sp. a. Last tarsal joint and 
claws, showing absence of pulvilli. b. Drawing showing excavated 
face and. rudimentary proboscis. Most of the antennae are cut away 
in this view of the head. 

Fig. 2. Wing of Lasia sp., nomenclature according to the Comstock 
system. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27.5 


A New Species of Pseudodiaspis (Hemiptera; 
Coccidae). . 
By G. F. Ferris, Stanford University, California. 


The exact nature of the genus Pseudodiaspis, as I have else- 
where’ pointed out, is doubtful, but I have previously used the 
genus for the reception of certain species of a more or less 
Diaspis-like type in which the circumgenital pores are lacking 
and the gland spines few or absent. As at present constituted 
the genus is represented only in the southwestern part of the 
United States and in Mexico. I am here describing a new 
species from this area, which I likewise refer for the present 
to this genus. 

Pseudodiaspis multipora n. sp. 
Type, host and locality. From an herbarium specimen of Phora- 


dendron flavescens (from oak), Julian, San Diego County, California. 
Type in the Stanford Collection of Coccidae. . 


Pseudodiaspis multipora n. sp.; pygidium. 


1 Ferris, G. F. A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Coccidae 
of Southwestern United States. Stanford University Publications, 
University Series. (1919.) 


276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Hee., 719 


Scale. Scale of the female white, rather high convex, circular, with 
the exuviae central, the second exuvia covered with secretion, the 
first exposed and of a silvery color. Ventral scale quite thick, at- 
tached at its margin to the dorsal scale. Scale of male not observed. 

2. Length .£& mm. Of the usual turbinate form. Derm mem- 
branous throughout except for the large and heavily chitinized pygi- 
dium. Abdominal segments projecting slightly at the lateral margins, 
without margina! gland spines but with numerous, small submarginal 
ducts and a few such ducts on the dorsum. 

Pygidium presenting a furrowed appearance. Anal opening at about 
the center. Median lobes alone well developed, widely separated, 
prominent, broad and with the tips rounded and minutely crenulate. 
Second and third pairs of lobes represented merely by low promi- 
nences. Gland spines wanting, except for a very small spine between 
the first and second lobes. Spines small; two between the median 
lobes; one both dorsally and ventrally at the outer, basal angle of 
both the first and second lobes and two or three beyond these. Tubu- 
lar ducts numerous, scattered, those of the margin no larger than 
those of the dorsum. The arrangement may best be explained by the 
figure. On the ventral aspect there are on each side three rows of 
small ducts. Vaginal orifice directly beneath the anal orifice. 


Notes. This is a rather peculiar species, perhaps most 
closely resembling P. condaliae Ferris (ref. cited), but differ- 
ing in many respects, especially in not having the cephalo- 
thorax produced laterally and in the deeply furrowed appear- 
ance of the pygidium. 


Additions to Insects of New Jersey No. 7 
By Aan S. Nicotay, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 


Since the publication of list No. 6* by Mr. H. B. Weiss 
the following records have been secured. Those followed by 
(Deke.) were turned over to me by Mr. Weiss who obtained 
them through the courtesy of Prof. J. G. Sanders after the 
death of Mr. V. A. E. Daecke. Since the publication of the 
1909 list by Smith, Mr. Daecke kept track of various addi- 
tions and corrections as evinced by his notes. It was thought 
advisable, however, to omit his corrections from this list and 
to use only the additions. 


* Ent. News, vol. xxix, pp. 309-312. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 277 
ODONATA. 
Aeshna canadensis E, M. Wik. Riverton, Sept. 22 (Dcke.). 
HOMOPTERA. 


Idiocerus maculipennis Fitch. Jamesburg, July 4 (Dcke:). 

Psyllia cephalica Craw. Hammonton, May 21; on hornbeam 
(Nicolay & Weiss). 

HEMIPTERA. 

Corizus bohemanii Sign. Merchantville, July 7 (Dcke.). 

Acalypta lillianis Bueno. Lakehurst, May 2 (Barber). 

Corythucha mali Gibson. Lakehurst, May 24; on apple (Barber). 

Corythucha salicis O. & D. Ramsey, May 21; on willow (Bar- 
ber). 

. COLEOPTERA. 

Gyrohypnus fusciceps Lec. Riverton, May 3 (Dcke.). 

Chalcophora fortis Lec. New Brunswick, June 16; on dead white 
pine along Raritan River (West). 

Poecilonota cyanipes var. erecta Gory. New Jersey (Nicolay 
collection). Note—P. cyanipes recerds should be referred to this 
variety. The records of P. thureura Say from New Jersey are un- 
doubtedly misidentifications and the species should be removed from 
the list. 

Agrilus pensus Horn. Newfoundland, July 4 (Nicolay). 

Xestocis levettei Casey. Milltown, May 18; Union, May 23; 
Monmouth Jc., May 30; in Polyporus versicolor and Fomes aplanatus 
(West & Weiss). 

Cis curtula Casey. Monmouth Jc., May 30, June 10; in Polyporus 
pergamenus (Weiss & West). 

Sulcacis lengi Dury. Princeton Jc.; breeds in Polyporus versi- 
color, gilvus and hirsutus, also Lenzites betulina. Overwinters as 
adult and larva (Weiss & West). 

Xylotrechus aceris Fisher. Rutherford, August 16; one specimen 
resting on maple leaf in nursery (Nicolay). 

Zeugophora scutellaris Suffr. Arlington, June 23-August; com- 
mon on poplar in a nursery, doing some damage. A European 
species (Nicolay). 

Chaetocnema quadricollis Schwarz. Hammonton, July 8; Ruth- 
erford, June-Sept., Eatontown, August 28; Westville, Little Silver, 
South Amboy; on hibiscus (Dickerson & Weiss). 

Apion hibisci Fall. Arlington, Rutherford; galls on petioles of 
marsh mallow (Dickerson & Weiss). 


LEPIDOPTERA. 
Cosmia (Calymnia) orina Gn. Orange Mts.; larvae on oak, 
May 10; adults June 17 (Lemmer). 
Tinea cloacella Haw. Matawan, New Brunswick: overwinters 
as larva, breeds in Polyporus sulphureus and tsugae (Weiss & West). 


278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS fie 49 


HYMENOPTERA. 

Spathius trifasciatus Riley. Wenonah, July 15 (Dcke.). 

Ichneumon inurbanus Cress. Manumuskin, September 20 (Dcke.). 

Stomatoceras unipunctatipennis var. americensis Gir. Camden 
Co. (Fox, Ent. News, vol. xxix, p. 127). 

Closterocerus cinctipennis Ashm. New Brin etek, Asbury, High 
Bridge, July. Parasitic upon eggs and larvae of Brachys ovata 
(Weiss). 

Exallonyx grandis Brues. Ramsey, August 22 (Jour. N. Y. 
Ent. Soc., vol. xxvii, p. 17). 

Andronicus truncata Cress. Tom’s River, July 12 (Dcke.). 

Bombus bimaculatus Cress. Brown’s Mills, June 17 (Dcke.). 

Metopius pollinctorius Say. Elizabeth; reared from a Luna moth 
cocoon (Felt). 

Ephedrus nitidus Gahan. New Brunswick; bred from cabbage 
aphis. 

DIPTERA. 

Chrysopila proxima Wik. Wenonah, May 30 (Dcke.). 

Dasyllis cinerea Back. Brown’s Mills, May 19 (Dcke.). 

Psilopodinus comatus Loew. Orange Mts., July 1 (Wdt.). 

Argyra calceata Loew. Fort Lee, July 4 (Wdt.). 

Neurigona maculata V. D. Forest Hill, August (Wdt.). 

Neurigona floridula var. :infuscata, V. D. Wenonah, June 22 
(Dcke.). 

Dolichopus marginatus Ald. Barnegat City, August 12 (Har- 
beck.). . 

Tachytrechus laticrus Coq. Manahawken, July 30 (Ent. News, 
vol. xxix, p. 46). 

Plagioneurus univittatus Loew. Cape May, August 9 (Dcke.). 

Eumerus strigatus Fallen. (The lunate onion fly). Rutherford 
Riverton, Orange; all summer and occasionally in greenhouses 
during the winter. A European species now common in New 
Jersey; larvae live in onions and bulbs, sometimes causing serious 
injury (Nicolay). 

Spilomyia quadrifasciata Say. Fort Lee, September 3 (Bequaert). 

Crioprora cyanogaster Loew. Palisades, March 31; rare on 
pussywillow (Nicolay). 

Pipiza pistica Williston. Lakehurst, June 20 (Nicolay). 

Myiolepta nigra Loew. Lambertville, April 19; flying along road 
like bee (Nicolay). 

Chilosia cyanescens Loew. New Brunswick, June 15 (Nicolay). 

Xanthogramma felix O. S. Riverton, June 15 (Dcke.). 

Helophilus bilinearis Williston. Secaucus, April 17-May 7; mod- 
erately abundant on dogwood and other blossoms (Nicolay). 


ay a eee See er CY fe 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 279 


Chrysochlamys buccata Loew. Malaga, April 26 (Nicolay). 

Criorhina notata Wied. Manumuskin, May 19 (Dcke.). 

Physocephala castanoptera Loew. Caldweil, August 5 (Nicolay). 

Trichopoda lanipes Fabr. Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa., August 
23 (Laurent). 

Clausicella tarsalis Coq. Lucaston, May 30 (Dcke.). 

Hypostena nitens Coq. Stone Harbor, July 29 (Dcke.). 

Phorocera tortricis Coq. Lucaston, August 6 (Dcke.). 

Tachina rustica Fall. Forest Hill, August (Wdt.). 

Masicera chaetoneura Coq. Forest Hill, June (Wdt.). 

Masicera festinans Meig. Forest Hill, June (Wadt.). 

Sturmia fraudulenta v. d. Wulp. Brown’s Mills, May 21 (Dcke.). 

Schizotachina convecta Wlk. Lucaston, Sept. 3 (Dcke.). 

Theresia canescens Wilk. DaCosta, June 29 (Dcke.). 

Helomyza latericia Loew. Lucaston, September 7 (Dcke.). 

Ophthalmomyia lacteipennis Loew. Brown’s Mills, June 22 
(Deke.). 

Camptoprosopella verticalis Loew. DaCosta, June 3 (Dcke.). 


Preliminary Notes on Texas Tachinidae (Diptera). 


By H. J. Rernuarp, Entomologist, Texas Experiment Sta- 
tion, College Station, Texas. 


The Tachinidae listed in this paper were all collected on 
the campus of the Agricultural and Mechanical College, or 
in the immediate vicinity of College Station, Texas, unless 
otherwise mentioned. The relative abundance of flies in this 
locality, belonging to the family, was the impetus to give them 
more than casual attention. Three years of intermittent col- 
lecting have resulted in a large number of specimens being 
taken, many of which have not been heretofore recorded from 
this state. The purpose of these collections was to determine 
the relative abundance of the various species with a view to 
ascertain their economic importance in a more comprehensive 
manner at some: future time. 

All plant determinations were made through the kindness 


of Messrs. H. Ness, Horticulturist, and H. B. Parks, Apicul- 


turist, of the Texas Agriculture Experiment Station. 


Archytas analis Fabricus. This is one of the most common 
species of this locality. It appears in early February and is very 
abundant throughout the spring and fall months. Less common in 


280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS pecs Ay 


midsummer. 73 specimens were taken in 10 minutes on November 9, 
1917. In early spring collections were made largely from broom weed, 
Amphiachyris dracunculoides Nutt.; in the fall it was common on 
bitter weed, Helenium tenuifolium Nutt., wild aster, Aster lateriflorus 
Britton. Also common on Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt.; sweet clover, 
Melilotus alba Desv.; Prairie cacia, Cecuan illinoensis Kuntze, and 
many others. Reported by Parks as abundant in wheat fields infested 
by army worms in North Texas. Bred from army worm collected 
by A. P. Swallow, at Denton, Texas; fly issued June, 1919. A series 
of several hundred specimens taken, which vary from 7 to I5 mm. in 
size. Also collected in Knox, Foard and Dallas Counties, Texas. 
Previously reported from Waco, Texas, by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. 
N. A. 1897, p. 142. 


Belvosia bifasciata Fabricus. A series of 108 specimens taken 
on one afternoon, May 3, at Stillingia sylvatica L. A few specimens 
collected from prickly ash, Xanthoxrylum clava Herculis, sweet clover, 
Melilotus alba Desv., and Baccharius haliumfolia L. Two specimens 
received from Center Point, Kerr County, Texas, and has been col- 
lected at Navasota, Texas, by Parks. This is one of the robust and 
more attractive species in this vicinity. Very conspicuous in nature, 
by its black body and wings, and deep yellow on last two abdominal 
segments. Macrochaetae abundant and well developed, varying some- 
what in numbers and arrangement. The series is quite uniform in 
size, the smallest specimen measuring 11 mm. and the largest 16 mm. 
in length. Collecting dates range from April 17 to October 1. Re- 
ported from Waco, Texas, by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, 
Dp. 84. 

Cistogaster immaculata Macquart. Adults collected from blos- 
som of Ptilimnium capillaceum Hollick. This species is rather slug- 
gish in its movements. Several specimens taken by sweeping grass. 
Not abundant but persistently present throughout the spring and 
summer. Probably a parasite of some Hemipterous host. Dr. Ald- 
rich in Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol. 8, March, tors, p. 81, states that 
there is no trustworthy breeding record. Abdomen of male yellow 
and female black, destitute of stout macrochaetae. A series of twenty- 
six specimens taken, dates ranging from April 7 to November 11. 
Reported from Texas by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 43. 


Chaetogaedia analis v. d. Wulp. One male specimen collected by 
A. H. Hollinger in Hamilton County, Texas, May 15. The specimen 
was taken in connection with other species, in a wheat field heavily 
infested by army worms. This may indicate a host relationship for 
this species. It has been reported bred from Heliophila unipuncta. 
Not collected at College Station, Texas. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 281 


Celatoria diabroticae Shimer. A large series of specimens 
taken from flowers and sweeping grass. Abundant throughout the 
spring and summer. The specimens vary in size from 4 to 6 mm. 
The characters which serve to separate ‘this species from Tachinophyto 
floridensis are obscure and the species may easily be confused. 
Coquillett’s description appeared under the name of Celatoria crawii, 
Insect Life, Vol. 2, February, 1890, p. 235, and later it was placed in 
synonymy with Celatoria diabroticae. A few characters which serve 
to separate it from Tachinophyto floridensis may be mentioned here. 

Eyes bare, face much receding below; antennae nearly as long as 
face, arista thickened on basal half. Scutellum with three pairs of 
marginal macrochaetae and a short discal pair, apical cell terminating 
nearly at extreme wing tip and closed in the margin, third vein with 
one strong bristle at base. This species is a parasite of Diabrotica 
vittata and 12-punctata. Reported from College Station, Texas, by 
Cogitillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 59. 


Exorista pyste Walker. Common throughout the summer. Char- 
acterized by a high-pitched note in flight, not unlike W#éinthemia 
quadripustulata, which species it resembles in nature. Collected from 
various flowers and particularly from foliage near the ground. Also 
collected in Knox County, Texas. A parasite of Lepidoptera. Speci- 
mens vary greatly in size, ranging from 4 to 8 mm. in length. Pre- 
viously reported from Tiger Mills, Texas, by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. 
N. A. 1897, p. 93. 


Frontina archippivora Williston. Not common, one male speci- 
men taken in the insectary, May 4, 1918. Eight additional specimens 
collected from flowers of broom weed, Amphiachyris dracunculoides 
Nutt., in October, 1917. A moderately large species, the specimens 
are nearly uniform in size. Reported as a parasite of several species 
of caterpillars. Also collected in Knox County, Texas. Listed from 
Texas by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 106. 


Gonia capitata DeGeer. In this locality this species is uniformly 
light yellow and more robust than the dark form of the north. Not 
abundant, most common in late summer and fall. Collected from a 
large number of wild flowers, most frequently on broom weed, Amphi- 
achyris dracunculoides Nutt. Also collected in Wilbarger County, 
Texas, in May. 1919. A series of 34 specimens taken; all robust, 
nearly uniform in size, but with large variations in color markings. 
Collecting dates range from May 3 to November 11. Reported from 
Texas by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 133. 


Heteropterina nasoni Coquillett. Not abundant, but persistently 
present throughout May, June and July. It has been reported as bred 
from a grasshopper, by W. R. Walton, Proc. U. S. N. M., 1914, Vol. 


282 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., ’19 


48, p. 181. A rather small, light colored species, abdomen marked 
with rows of black spots. In nature it resembles somewhat a species 
of Sarcophagidae. Several specimens captured in insectary. It has 
been taken by sweeping grass and from foliage near the ground. A 
series of 17 specimens show a great variation in size, the smallest 
measuring 3.5 and the largest 6 mm. in length. In some specimens 
the sides of the face are bare, in others distinctly hairy. 


Metopia leucocephala Rossi. This is another small species, but 
more conspicuous with its silvery white shining face. A series of 37 
specimens taken in May and June. Several specimens taken from 
bare ground, more common on low foliage. There is no published 
breeding record for this country, according to Dr. Aldrich, Ann. Ent. 
Soc. Amer., March, 1915, Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 83. Ranges in size from 4 to 
7.5 mm. Previously recorded from Kennedy, Texas, by Coquillett, 
Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 127. 


Myiophasia aenea Wiedemann. A medium large, shiny black 
species, not abundant. More common in late summer and fall. Adults 
collected largely from bitter weed, Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. Col- 
lecting dates range from March to October. Species vary from 6 to 
9 mm. in length. 


Neopales doryphorae Riley. This species is abundant in the 
spring and summer. Adults collected from a large number of flowers 
and especially from foliage near the ground. A moderately large 
species nearly uniform in size ranging from 6 to 8 mm. in length. 
Collected also in Knox County, Texas, May, 19109. 

A new genus, Doryphorophaga, for the reception of this 
species, was proposed by Dr. C. H. T. Townsend, Proc. Ent. 
Soc. Wash., Vol. 14, p. 164. W. R. Walton has already 
pointed out, in Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. 48, 1914, p. 183, sev- 
eral reasons why he thinks the species should be retained in 
the genus Neopales. Mr. Walton’s statement: “The eyes are 
thickly hairy in the male as a rule, those of the female being 
so nearly bare in some cases as to require the utmost care in 
order to see the hairs at all,’ has been found to be correct in 
specimens examined. He further states that “the intermediate 
segments of the abdomen seldom bear discal macrochaetae 
in either sex, and are almost invariably absent in the female.” 
Examination of 144 specimens shows this statement to be 
correct only in part. Out of 36 females examined 6 had discal 
macrochaetae on the second and third abdominal segments, 


- 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 283 


II with a weak pair of discal macrochaetae on the second 


segment and none on the third, and 19 without any discal 
macrochaetae. Examination of 108 males gave the following 
figures: 42 with discal macrochaetae on the second and third 
abdominal segments, 65 with discal macrochaetae on second 
segment only, and only 1 in which were absent on both sec- 
ond and third segments. Mr. Walton further states that the 
ventral carina exists, but only slightly developed and not in 
the sense that we find it in Celatoria or Chaetopheps, and this 
has been sustained upon examination of the entire series of 
144 specimens. In conclusion he argues “that until further 
and more reliable external characters, especially in the case 
of the male, are discovered, it would seem expedient to re- 
tain this species in the genus Neopales, for the present.” 


Pachyophthalmus floridensis Townsend. A medium large species, 
almost entirely destitute of strong macrochaetae and with three black 
vittae on thorax gives it very much the appearance of a sarcophagid. 
Collected largely from broom weed, Amphiachyris dracunculoides 
Nutt. Frequently sits on foliage and grass near the ground. Not 
abundant. Collecting dates from July to October. Specimens vary | 
from 6 to 9 mm. in length. Collected at Waco, Texas, according to 
Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 80. 


Peleteria robusta Wiedemann. A robust species common in the 
spring and fall, much less prevalent during midsummer. The southern 
form of this species has more yellow on the sides of the abdomen 
and lacks the bluish tinge of the northern form. Considerable varia- 
tion in color markings. Has been collected and reported by Parks as 
very abundant in wheat fields infested by the army worm in north- 
west Texas. It was bred from the army worm; the adult fly issued 
May 23, 1919. Specimens vary in size from 9 to 13 mm. Collected 
in Wilbarger and Foard Counties. Reported from Texas by Coquil- 
lett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 140. 


Phorocera claripennis Macquart. Very common throughout the . 
year. Collected from March to November from a large number of 
plants. A parasite of Lepidoptera, and has been reported bred from 
a large number of species. Reared from army worm, which was col- 
lected in Hamilton County, Texas; the adult fly issued June 4, 1919. 
Specimens vary greatly in size, the largest measuring 12 and the 


284 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (Dee, 19 


smallest 5 mm. in length. Collected in Knox County, Texas. Listed 
from Texas by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 102. 


Plagia americana v. d. Wulp. A medium-sized, shiny black 
species. Most common in early spring. Collected frequently in low 
damp places from foliage near the ground. Rarely taken in midsum- 
mer. Quite uniform in size, varying from 6 to 9 mm. in length. 
Collected also in Knox County, Texas. 


Plagiprospherysa parvipalpis v. d. Wulp. Common in the spring 
and summer. 17 specimens taken in the insectary in June and July. 
Collected from aphid-infested cotton and cucumber foliage. Speci- 
mens vary greatly in size, ranging from 4 to 8 mm. in length. 


Senotainia rubriventris Macquart. Not very abundant but present 
throughout the year. Collecting dates range from March to Novem- 
ber. Frequently collected from bare ground. Probably a parasite of 
some soil-burrowing host. Prof. Herbert Osborn observed this spe- 
cies entering the burrow of a pompilid wasp (Ohio Naturalist, Vol. 7, 
p. 38). The specimens vary from 4.5 to 8.5 mm. in length. 


Senotainia trilineata v. d. Wulp. Abundant from April to Octo- 
ber, Like the above species, it is most commonly collected from the 
ground and it probably parasitizes some similar soil-burrowing host. 
Dr. Aldrich, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol. 8, March, 1915, p. 82, states, 
“Presumably they parasitize these (burrowing) Hymenoptera as their 
European congeners do, but none have been bred in this country.” 
A large series of specimens taken, varving from 3 to 6 mm. in length. 
Listed from Texas by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 80. 


Sturmia albifrons Walker. A medium large species, not fre- 
quently collected here, adults taken from low foliage. Specimens vary 
from 7 to 10 mm. in length. Reported from Paris and Waco, Texas, 
by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1897, p. 110. 


Sturmia distincta Weidemann. One of the more robust species 
of this genus. Rather common from July to October, but not abundant 
at any time. Frequently taken from cowpea foliage. Varies from 8 
to Ir mm. in length. Previously reported from Palestine, Texas, by 
Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 1807, p. 111. 


Sturmia limata Coquillett. Not often collected. Smaller than 
either of the above species and may be recognized by the shiny black 
color of the last two abdominal segments. Several specimens taken 
from low foliage, one from Baccharius heliumfolia l.. About uniform 
in size, measuring 6 to 7 mm. in length. 


oT = 


ee 


ee ee ee aI 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 285 


Tachinophyto floridensis Townsend. A common species, which 
has been collected from May to November. Taken from flowers and 
by sweeping grass. The species is small and varies in size from 4 to 
7 mm. in length. It resembles Celatoria diabroticae very closely. A 
few characters which may serve to distinguish it are given here. 

Eyes nearly bare, microscopically, sparsely hairy; face receding 
below, antennae usually not reaching the oral margin, arista thickened 
on basal 2-5; scutellum with three marginal and a shorter discal pair 
of macrochaetae, with an additional suberect apical pair, sometimes 
very small. Apical cell narrowly open and ending shortly before ex- 
treme wing tip. Third vein with at least two bristles near the base. 


Tachinophyto dunningii Coquillett. An abundant, minute species, 
readily recognized by the shiny black abdomen with the narrow bases 
of last three -segments white pollinose. Collected from flowers, but 
more frequently from low foliage. Common from May to October. 
Series of specimens about uniform in size, measuring 5 mm. 


Tachinophyto vanderwulpi Townsend. A small species like the 
above. Much less abundant. Frequently taken in company with 
Tachinophyto floridensis, which species it resembles closely, although 
usually smaller. ‘Collected largely from foliage near the ground. 
Specimens range from 4 to 5.5 mm. in length. 


Trichophora ruficauda v. d. Wulp. Collected from April to 
November from foliage and flowers. Persistently common, but not 
abundant. Usually elongate, but some specimens are robust and re- 
semble Peleteria robusta very closely. Specimens range from 8 to II 
mm. in length. Listed from Texas, by Coquillett, Revis. Tachin. N. A. 


1897, p. 139. 


Winthemia quadripustulata Fabricus. Very abundant and wide- 
spread. Common throughout the year. Collected from many different 


‘flowers, but it can be more frequently taken from low foliage and 


grass. In flight it has a distinct high-pitched note. A long series of 
specimens show a great variation in color markings. The most com- 
mon form has the sides of the abdomen yellow, but frequently yellow 
only, on the second and third segments. In several specimens the 
abdomen is wholly black except the last segment, which is yellow. A 
few others have the abdomen bright orange-yellow excepting a medium 
dorsal row of black spots. Also a great variation in size, specimens 
ranging from 5 to 12 mm. in length. Reported by Parks as very 
abundant in wheat fields infested by the army worm of northwest 
Texas. A parasite of Lepidoptera and reported as having been bred 


from a large number of species. 


286 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Dec, "19 


The Bees of the Rocky Mountain National Park | 
(Hymenop.). 
By T. D. A. Cockerett, Boulder, Colorado. 


A large area in the most beautiful and interesting part of 
the Colorado Rocky Mountains has recently been set aside as 
a National Park. To this playground come many thousands 
of people every summer to enjoy the relatively cool climate, 
the mountain scenery, the plant and animal life. Mr. Enos 
Mills, of Longs Peak Inn, has written a number of excellent 
popular books, describing the country and giving his observa- 
tions on the habits of bears, beavers and other animals. He 
has tried for many years to stimulate an intelligent. interest 
in nature, while at the same time curbing that spirit of de- 
struction which leads people to shoot the animals and pull up 
plants in a wholesale and reckless manner. Occasionally 
someone breaks the rules, but on the whole the behavior of 
visitors to the Park, at least in the vicinity of Longs Peak 
Inn, is excellent. The multitude, coming primarily for rest 
and recreation, finds itself in a new kind of school, where 
fresh impressions and ideas are received every hour. One 
must be extraordinarily dull not to return from such a holi- 
day with new intellectual interests as well as increased physi- 
cal vigor. The Park is new, and awaits development in vari- 
ous directions. One of the principal items on the program 
should be a Natural History Survey. The intensive and sci- 
entific study of such an area would produce results of the 
greatest interest to all biologists, and would make possible 
many interpretations of natural phenomena instructive to ordi- 
nary non-scientific visitors. The indiscriminate collecting of 
specimens should not be encouraged, but materials must be 
gathered in a systematic manner to determine the character 
and distribution of the biota. We should have a committee 
or commission to carry on the undertaking after the manner 
of the Clare Island Survey, the results of which have been 
published by the Royal Irish Academy. Following the tech- 
nical investigations, the general results and more interesting 


Ce nS a ee 
r ; 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS : 287 


details should be re-interpreted in popular fashion for the 
use of the average citizen. 

In the course of a week in the Park, during July, 1919, my 
wife and I collected bees. The series obtained evidently rep- 
resents only a minority of the species actually existing in the 
area, but is worth recording. The names of the localities are 
abbreviated as follows: 


(1) Canadian Zone. 

L.—Long’s Peak Inn. July 19 and ar. 

T. S—Twin Sisters Mountain, directly east of Long’s Peak Inn. 
All the collecting was done on the lower slopes, in the Canadian Zone, 
July 23.* 

L. P. T.—Long’s Peak trail, July 18. Most of the collecting was 
done in the Canadian Zone, but a few specimens probably were from 


the Hudsonian. 
(2) Hudsonian Zone. 


H.—Hudsonian Zone on Long’s Peak trail,, July 22. 


(3) Arctic-alpine Zone. 
T. L.—Just above timber line on the Long’s Peak trail, July 20. The 
two species from Pentstemon flowers were at timber line. 
_B.—Battle Mountain, well above timber line, July 20. 


COLLETIDAE. 
Colletes kincaidii Ckll. L., one ¢. 
Colletes sp. L., one @. 
Colletes sp. L., one 2. This and the preceding are apparently 
new, but they may have been described in Professor Swenk’s re- 
vision, not yet published. 


PROSOPIDIDAE. 

‘ Prosopis personatella Ckll. L., 2 Q. 

pease warnrong Cress. L., 2.:¢...H, 1-6, 49. Le Ped, 
ae 

Prosopis tridentula Ckll. L. P. T., 1 ¢. 

Prosopis coloradensis Ckll. L., 2 2. These are considerably 
larger and more robust than P. tuertonis CkIl., generally considered 
to be the female of caloradensis. Possibly tuertonis is distinct after 
all, but I cannot assert this at present. | 

* On Twin Sisters, in an aspen grove, I took several specimens of 


the Tipulid fly Ormosia cockerelli (det. Alexander), a little yellow 
species described by Coquillett under Rhypholophus in 1901, from a 


- single specimen which I took in the Hudsonian Zone in New Mexico. 


Mr. Alexander had never seen any but the type. 


288 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Dec. *°¥9 


ANDRENIDAE. 

Andrena birtwelli Ckll. T. S., 1 2 at Potentilla. 

Andrena lewisii Ckll. T. S., 1 92 at Rosa. 

Andrena moesticolor Vier. & Ckll. L. P. T., at Potentilla, 1 2. 

Andrena’ apacheorum (Cklil....L,,) f.9;:1 '4. (Lo PRP: TS 3% 4, ‘at 
Erigeron and Senecio. 

Andrena topazana Ckll. L., 1 9, July 19, the dorsal pubescence 
gone and wings tattered. | 

Sphecodes eustictus Ckil. L.,5 9:. T. S. rev He 1-92" T. LZ. 
1 2. This species has remarkable altitudinal range; it was describ- 
ed from the lower part of the Transition Zone. 

Sphecodes millsi n. sp. 

é. Length about 7 mm.; head and thorax black, with silvery white 
hair, dense on face: apical half of mandibles red; legs black, with the 
knees, fore tibiae except a large mark on outer side, apices of 
middle and hind tibiae, and all the tarsi, clear ferruginous; antennae 
long, moniliform, the flagellum dull testaceous beneath; second and 
third joints equal, and combined almost as long as fourth; mesothorax 
and scutellum highly polished, with sparse but distinct punctures; area 
of metathorax iarge, semilunar, covered with coarse vermiform rugae; 
posterior truncation very coarsely punctured; tegulae dark reddish 
brown; wings hyaline, stigma and nervures fusco-ferruginous; third 
submarginal cell very large, broad above; spurs pale ferruginous: 
abdomen elongate, smooth and highly polished; first segment black 
with apical margin broadly red: second and third red with a broad 
black band, suffusedly interrupted laterally; fourth black with apical 
margin broadly red; fifth black, as also sixth; apical plate red. 


Longs Peak Inn, on an umbelliferous flower, July 21 
(Cockerell). Named after Enos Mills. Allied to S. clema- 
tidis Rob., but larger, with the abdomen differently marked. 


From S. sulcatulus Ckll. it is easily known by the largely red 
legs. 


Halictus lerouxii Lepel. T. S., 1 ¢@ at Oreocarya virgata. 

Halictus galpinsiae Ckll. T. L., 1 ¢. I was astonished to find 
this at such an altitude. 

Halictus virgatellus Ckll. L., 1 ¢. The male is new, and is 
determined as this species because it has the characters to be expected 
in male virgatellus. It differs from H. typographicus Ckll. by the 
.entirely dark antennae, gravish wings and much darker stigma. 

Halictus pruinosiformis Crawf. L., 1 9. 

Halictus peraltus Ckll. L., 1 ¢, July 19 (W. P. C.). 

Halictus nigricallis Vachel. L.,1 ¢. The tubercles have a small 
inconspicuous pale spot posteriorly. 


a a 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 289 


Halictus peralpinus n. sp. 

9. Length about 6.5 mm., anterior wing 5.4 mm.; black, including 
legs, but the flagellum with a light fulvous streak beneath, not reach- 
ing base or apex; hair of head and thorax scanty, sordid white; head 
longer than broad; mandibles reddened at apex; lower part of clypeus 
shining, upper part dull; supraclypeal area shining; front dull, the 
whole surface minutely sculptured between the punctures; mesothorax 
dull, with very fine punctures, and the surface lineolately sculptured 
between; area of metathorax very finely and delicately wrinkled; 
tegulae piceous; wings dusky hyaline, stigma reddish brown; hind 
spur pectinate with few spines; abdomen shining, not banded, hind 
margins of segments brownish. 


Longs Peak trail, Colorado, above timber line, July 20, 1919 
(Vilmatte P. Cockerell). 

Differs: (a) from divergens Lovell by the larger, broader 
head, dull mesothorax, and absence of distinct white hair- 
patches on abdomen; (b) from dasiphorae Ckll. by the dull 
mesothorax, without punctures distinctly visible under a lens, 
and the pale streak on flagellum; (c) from inconditus CkIl. 
by the dull mesothorax. 


Halictus supranitens n. sp. 

2. Length about 6 mm., anterior wing about 5.3 mm.; black, in- 
cluding legs and antennae, apical half of mandibles reddened; hair of 
head and thorax scanty, sordid white; head rather elongated, with 
prominent clypeus, which is shining, with large sparse punctures; 
supraclypeal area and sides and lower part of front shining, the front 
extremely densely and finely punctured; mesothorax and _ scutellum 
polished, with fine rather sparse punctures; area of metathorax very 
finely wrinkled, its posterior margin prominent, obtuse, shining; pos- 
terior truncation shining, concave in lateral view; tegulae black with 
a brown spot; wings hyaline, stigma and nervures reddish brown; 
second submarginal cell broad; legs with white hair, a red brush at 
end of hind basitarsus; hind spur with three large spines; abdomen 
shining, pruinose with dull white pubescence, but without distinct 
bands or hair-patches. 


Longs Peak trail, Colorado, above timber line, July 20, 1919 
(Cockerell). Differs: (a) from inconditus Ckll. by the clear 
wings, more shining thoracic dorsum, and shining posterior 
rim of metathoracic enclosure; (b) from dasiphorae CkIl. by 
similar characters; (c) from divergens Lovell by the dark 
tegulae, clear wings, etc. 


290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 719 


Halictus glaucovirens n. sp. : 

2. Like H. prumosiformis Crawf., but head elongated as in H. 
pruinosus Rob., from which it differs by the darker flagellum, and 
more strongly and less densely punctured mesothorax, with a shining 
sparsely punctured area on each side of the middle. The insect is 
glaucous green, with pure white pubescence; wings hyaline, stigma 
pale yellowish, subcostal nervure black. The thorax is not so robust 
as in pruinosus. 


Longs Peak trail, above timber line, July 20, 1919 (Cock- 
erell. ) 


Halictus hudsoniellus n. sp. 

2. Length about 5 mm.; slender, with unusually pointed abdomen; 
head and thorax olive-green, the scutellum and mesopleura more glau- 
cous green; labrum and apical half of mandibles red; flagellum strongly 
reddened except at base: pubescence pure white; legs black, with the 
knees, tibiae at apex and the tarsi reddened; tegulae yellowish testa- 
ceous; wings hyaline, stigma and nervures testaceous, subcostal ner- 
vure black; abdomen apricot-color, shining, the third and following 
segments pruinose with white hair. Head subcircular; front shining; 
mesothorax dullish, finely punctured; scutellum shining; area of meta- 
thorax appearing minutely granular, but under compound microscope 
showing irregular vermiform anastomosing raised lines; the meso- 
thorax posteriorly is more or less (microscopically) transversely sul- 
catulate; hind spur with four large spines. 


Longs Peak trail, Hudsonian Zone, July 22 (Cockerell). 
The altitude of the locality is probably about 10,500 feet. 


Related to H. scrophulariae Ckll., but smaller, and easily - - 


separated by the red labrum, much redder antennae, abdomen 
more hairy on apical parts with the surface of fourth and 
fifth segments darkened under the hair. From H. clemati- 
sellus Ckll. it is known by the much more hairy abdomen. 
The head is not nearly so broad as in H. clarissimus Ellis. 
Halictus’ sp. fa0PoT5 1 3) at Senecio (HP. Cc An ae 
described male which I cannot clearly associate with any known fe- 


male; it is perhaps a new species. It is a small Chloralictus with olive- 
green mesothorax, black abdomen, and pale testaceous stigma. 


Halictus viridatulus n. sp. 

Q. Like H. viridatus Lovell, with the same highly characteristic 
radiating plicae on area of metathorax, though these are not quite so 
strong. It differs from H. wiridatus by the dusky stigma and entirely 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | 291 


black abdomen. The antennae are only slightly reddish beneath to- 
ward apex. Supraclypeal area and upper part of clypeus brassy; 
front blue-green, dullish, very densely punctured, its lower part micro- 
scopically transversely lineolate; mesothorax and scutellum dullish 
rather dark blue-green; pleura dark blue-green; tegulae piceous; wings 
dusky; stigma and nervures dilute brownish; hind spur with large 
spines; abdomen polished; second segment with thin white hair at 
sides and base; third and following segments thinly hairy all over. 


Longs Peak Inn, Colorado, July 19 (Cockerell). Also one 
on July 21. A western mountain representative of H. viri- 
datus. The sculpture of the metathoracic area separates it at 
once from the superficially similar H. ruidosensis Ckll. In 
the second specimen the upper part of clypeus and supra- 
clypeal area are not brassy. | 


PANURGIDAE. 
Halictoides maurus Cress. H., 1 ¢. 
Halictoides harveyi Ckll. L. P. T.,1 ¢ at Potentilla. L., 1 @. 
Panurginus cressoniellus calochorti-Ckll. T. S,1 ¢,1 92. L,, 
Se Be 
Panurginus bakeri Ckll. H.,1 ¢,1 9. 
Panurginus porterae Ckll. L.1 ¢ (W.P.C.). 


NOMADIDAE. 

Nomada fontis Ckll. L., 1 2, July 19 (Ww. P. C.). Evidently 
this species, but possibly a local (mountain) race, as it differs from 
the type by the blacker abdominal bands, larger yellow mark on sides 
of second segment, and pair of subdorsal yellow spots on fourth and 
fifth segments. 


Nomada (Phor) siccorum n. sp. 

$. Length nearly 7 mm.; head, thorax and abdomen black, with 
creamy-white markings; pubescence very scanty, white, tinged with 
brown on thorax above; head broader than long; eyes gray; face with 
appressed silvery hair; labrum, mandibles except apically, narrowly 
interrupted band on lower margin of clypeus, lower corners of face 
with linear extension upward, and the swollen scape anteriorly, all 
yellowish-white; flagellum black or nearly so above, ferruginous be- 
- neath; third antennal joint much shorter than fourth; mesothorax 
dull, rugosopunctate, wholly black; tubercles with a light. spot; meso- 
pleura with a transverse white mark anteriorly; scutellum (which is 
not prominent) and metathorax wholly black; tegulae bright ferru- 
ginous; wings slightly dusky, strongly so on apical margin; stigma 
dull rufous, nervures fuscous; basal nervure meeting transversomedial ; 


292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ‘Dee; 19 


first recurrent nervure joining middle of second submarginal cell; 
legs ferruginous, black at base, and variably black posteriorly, the hind 
pair strongly so; fore and middle tibiae with a white dot at base and 
larger spot apically; hind tibiae with a large white mark at each end, 
the interval between blackened; abdomen brown-black, the first four 
segments with interrupted cream-colored bands, that on second ex- 
tremely broad, the fifth and sixth with entire bands, bands on second 
and third segments emarginate on each side posteriorly, the next two 
enclosing black spots; apical plate narrow, entire; venter reddish 
marked with white. 


Longs Peak Inn, in a dry sandy spot, July 21 (Cockerell). 
Quite distinct from the other species of Phor. Among Cres- 
son’s species of Nomada, it suggests N. gracilis, but that has 
the apical plate of abdomen notched and the abdomen is dif- 
ferently marked. In my table of Rocky Mountain species it 
auns to N. aquilarum, which differs in the antennae, etc. 


Nomada sedae n. sp. 

9. Length nearly 9 mm.; head, thorax and legs ferruginous, marked 
with black, the only yellow being a spot on each side near apex of 
metathorax; head broad; eyes very dark reddish; mandibles simple; 
disc of clypeus extremely finely punctured; lower middle of front, 
region of ocelli, and cheeks posteriorly, black; antennae red above 
and below; third joint fully as long as fourth, perhaps a little longer ; 
mesothorax closely punctured, with a single median black band; meta- 
thorax with a broad median black band; mesopleura red, but sides of 
thorax black anteriorly and posteriorly; tegulae yellowish-ferruginous; 
wings dusky, with the usual hyaline area: stigma clear ferruginous, 
nervures fuscous; basal nervures going a short distance basad of 
transversomedial; second submarginal cell very large, receiving recur- 
rent nervure in middle; legs red, fore and middle femora with a 
large black basal spot beneath, hind coxae black behind except at 
apex, hind femora rather extensively blackened at base and behind; 
abdomen red, shining, the first segment with more than basal half 
black, and four minute obscure yellowish spots along the margin of 
the black; apex of first segment, and second and third subapically, 
with blackish bands; second and third segments with very broad but 
broadly interrupted bright yellow bands; fourth with an entire band 
deeply emarginate posteriorly at sides; fifth with a band interrupted 
on each side, leaving a round lateral yellow spot; margin of fifth with 
a band of dense silvery white tomentum; pygidial plate very large, 
thinly hairy; venter red without yellow markings. 


1 te li Maleate 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 293 


Longs Peak Inn, July 21, at flowers of Sedum stenopetalum 
(IV. P. Cockerell). Runs in the Rocky Mountain key (Bull. 
94, Colo. Agr. Exper. Station) to 65, but is quite distinct from 
N. libata, coloradensis or mera. On account of the structure 
of the antennae it falls near N. alpha Ckll., from which it is 
easily known by the markings. 


MELECTIDAE. 
Phileremus americanus Cress. H., 1 ¢. 


ANTHOPHORIDAE. 

Anthophora smithii Cress. L., 1 ¢. This differs from the 
New Mexico race (cardui Ckll.) by having the clypeus, etc., clear 
white (cream-color in cardui), and the eyes purplish-gray (pale green 
in cardut). 

Cisouon termmaie Cress>. LL. 2°9. T. S,:1 9... LL. PAs 
1:S. 


Melissodes kelloggi n. sp. 

é. Length about 9 mm. Runs in my table of Melissodes (Trans. 
~ Am. Ent. Soc., xxxii, p. 76) to M. rivalis Cress., but is smaller and 
otherwise different. The general aspect is that of M. agilis Cress., 
but it is readily distinguished by the dark purplish or blue-green (not 
pale green or pea-green) eyes. the entirely black labrum and base of 
mandibles, the darker antennae (flagellum black above) and the dark 
fuscous nervures. Compared with subagilis Ckll., it is at once dis- 
tinguished by the color of eyes and antennae. The thorax has very 
pale ochreous tinted hair, with no dark hairs on the dorsum. 


Longs Peak Inn, July 19 and 21 (T. D. A. and W. P. 
Cockerell). 5 $. Dedicated to Professor Vernon Kellogg, 
in recent years distinguished for his great services to human- 
ity, but long ago a keen collector and student of the insects 
of the Long’s Peak region. 


MEGACHILIDAE. 
Coelioxys ribis Ckll. L.,1 29 (W. P. C.). 
Coelioxys moesta Cress. L. P. T., at Senecio, 1 2 (W. P. C.). 
Megachile montivaga Cress. LP. T.. at Phacena ft 
ee ee Gees Ls 3-3. 

Megachile pugnata Say. H.,1 ¢. L.,1 92,1 4. 

Megachile wootoni Ckll. T. L., 2 ¢ above timber line, one Q 
at Pentstemon stenosepalus, at timber line (W. P. C.). T. S., fils. 
Campanula, 1 ¢. 

Megachile vidua Smith. L., 1 ¢. 


294 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Dee, 19 


Monumetha albifrons Kirby. L.,2 9,1 ¢ (one 2 at Astragalus). 
Dy Sa wee es 

Osmia armaticeps Cress. L., 2, one at Gaillardia. L. P. T., 2 
(one at Arnica). All the numerous specimens of Osmia taken, rep- 
resenting eight species, were females. 

Osmia fulgida Cress. T. S., 1 (W. P. C.). 

Osmia megacephala Cress. T. S., 1 at Cirsium. L. P. T., one at 
Thermopsis (W. P. C.). 

Osmia pentstemonis Ckll. H., 1.. T. L., 2 at Pentstemon 
stenosepalus (W. P. C.). L., 2 (one at Astragalus). 

Osmia longula Cress. L., 2 at Astragalus. 

Osmia wardiana Ckll. L., 1. 

Osmia densa Cress. L., 3 at Astragalus. T. S., 2 at Cirsium. 

Osmia albolateralis Ckll. L., 6 (5 at Astragalus). 

Anthidium tenuiflorae Ckll. L., 2 9,1 @. 


BomBIDAE. 
All the specimens taken were workers. 
Bombus mixtus Cress. B., 1. 
Bombus edwardsii bifarius Cress. T. L., 2 (one at Elephantella, 
ae aa) Oe 
Bombus flavifrons Cress. H., 2. 


Total 57 species; 9 new. The types of the latter are in 
the writer’s collection. 


a 
°e 


Variation in Color Pattern of the Dragonfly Gomphus 
crassus (Odonata). 
By E. B. Witttamson, Bluffton, Indiana. 


“Walsh’s remark (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. II, p. 239, 1863) that the 
Illinois species of Gomphus seem to have the appendages of the males 
‘nearly as uniform as a set of castings from the same foundry and 
the same mould’ seems to hold true for these three species, (fraternus, 
externus, crassus) but his statement as to the specific value of minute 
differences of coloration and its constancy must evidently be modified 
in view of the variations above detailed.”—Calvert, Ent. News, XII, 
pp. 72 and 73, March, Igor. 

In EntomotocicaL News, May, 1906, p. 148, I mentioned 
specimens of Gomphus which were intermediate between 
crassus and fraternus. At that time I still thought of fraternus 
as a species with the dorsum of abdominal segment 9 black 
and of crassus as a species with the dorsum of the same seg- 
ment with a yellow spot or bar. Moreover, at that time I did 


ol XK) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 295 


not have my present ability in discriminating likenesses and 
differences in abdominal appendages. The material, upon 
which the notes of 1906 were made, is now widely scattered in 
collections and a re-examination of it is impossible. But for 
several years past I have had it in mind to repeat the observa- 
tion again at the earliest opportunity, as 1 felt some doubts as 
to the accuracy of my earlier conclusions. 

A chance to make this study came this year, when on June 
8, 1919, I found G. crassus again abundant at a ripple in the 
Wabash where the river flows along the city corporation line 
of Bluffton, Indiana. Only two gomphines were on the wing 
at the ripple and these were G. crassus and fraternus. Of the 
former seventy-six males and eleven females. and of the latter 
about twenty males were taken. These specimens, it may be 
repeated, were all taken at one short ripple on the same day. 

A constant color character not hitherto employed for separ- 
ating the males of the two species was detected. In fraternus 
the sterna of abdominal segments 8 and 9 are largely yellowish. 
In crassus the same sterna are largely brown, patterned in 
lighter and darker brown, with the only pale area a greenish 
or yellowish bar, or two spots, anterior to the parameres. The 
seventy-six males of crassus were so colored and the append- 
ages of all were identical. 

But in the color pattern of the dorsum of the apical abdom- 
inal segments the seventy-six males of crassus showed a wide 
variation. The following tabulation by groups will give a fair- 
ly accurate statement of the facts: 


Group I. A minute basal dorsal yellow spot on 8, dorsum 


EEE REE CR oe a ocak cae kb eeepc eas 2 males 
Group II. Like I, but spot on 8 slightly larger.............. 12 males 
Group III. Like II, but spot on 8 slightly larger and segment 

* wii a dorsal basal‘ yellow point: ... 2... $...6.5 eestes 10 males 
Group IV. Segment 8 about as in III or spot slightly larger, 

Meee eh OA LICIY TATZOL ok. nc de op dee wa hp eee 18 males 
Group V. Spot on 8 larger than in IV, on segment 9 about 

one-fourth to one-third the length of the segment ...... 13 males 
Group VI. Similar to V, but spot on segment 9 one-half or 

slightly more than half the length of the segment...... 10 males 


Group VII. Similar to VI, but spot on segment 9 wider and 
reaching or almost reaching the apex of the segment... 6 males 


296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS sen. 19 


Group VIII. Similar to VI, but the spot on segment 9 
wider. and reaching the apex, but not as wide as the black 
Oi Crier Sige "Or ye Se ce ee 4 males 
Group IX. Yellow on segment 9 as wide as the black on 
either side of it, segment 10 with a rounded dorsal yel- 
TOW SSR ee eae ee ee ee eae I male 
Referring to the dorsum cf segment 10, mentioned in group IX, its 
color in the other groups may be briefly tabulated: black in two of I, 
eleven of II, eight of III, twelve of IV, five of V, three of VI, and one 
of VII; with a narrow crest or spot of yellow (often almost micro- 
scopic) on the middorsum of segment 10, one of II, two of III, six 
of IV, eight of V, seven of VI, five of VII, and four of VIII. 


The eleven females of crassus may be grouped as follows: 


Group I. Dorsum of segments 9 and tio black............ 7 females 
Group I[I.. Dorsum of 9 and Io each with a small yellow 
spot, carrer on‘9, submedian ‘on 105..534..7 5... .4.19.3 females 


Group III. Spot on 9 prolonged as a median line to apex 
of segment, spot on 10 larger than in groups I and II...1 female 

In view of this material I believe my reference in 1906, re- 
ferred to above, to intermediates between crassus and fraternus, 
should be disregarded, and I know of no evidence pointing to 
the interbreeding of these two species. 

Several cases of the capture in couple of sexes of different 
species have been recorded. The most unique-I have encoun- 
tered was met when I took a male 4rgia tibialis flying with a 
female Lestes uncatus along the Aboite River, seven miles 
southwest of Ft. Wayne, Indiana, July 6, 1919. During the 
time they were observed before capture several unsuccessful 
a‘tempts at copulation were made. 

At this date Argia tibialis was abundant along the Aboite 
River, which is only a creek eight to fifteen feet wide, while 
Lestes uncatus was at home in numbers at nearby small wood- 


land swamps from one of which the female along the creek — 


had doubtless wandered. 


Annual Meetings of Entomologists. 

The annual meeting of The Entomological Society of America will 
be held on Monday and Tuesday, December 29 and 30, 1919, and that 
of The American Association of Economic Entomologists on Wednes- 
day, December 31, 1919, and Thursday and Friday, January 1 and 2, 
1920, both at St. Louis, Missouri. 


SS ee a ae 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 297 


Hesperia syrichtus and montivagus (Lep.). 
By HENRY SKINNER. 


Dr. J. L. Reverdin has published an interesting article * on 
Hesperia syrichtus fab. He gives the synonymy of the species 
and has made an extensive study of the genitalia from num- 
erous specimens. As this is a North American species, it is 
of interest to our students of the butterflies. He describes and 
figures the typical form and also two new varieties, fumosa 
and syrichtides. Fumosa is the common form at Key West, 

lorida. The whole underside of the secondaries is light brown. 

It has been a matter of considerable interest to know what 
the Pyrgus montivagus of Reakirt is. I have previously 
pointed out? that montivagus Reak. is a synonym of syrichtus 
Fab. The evidence that this is so is very good, but it is hard- 
ly possible to know these things absolutely. Montivagus has 
been treated in different ways by a number of authors. The 
original description says: “Hab.—Rocky Mountains, Colorado 
Territory. (Coll. Tryon Reakirt).” | ‘Mexico, near Vera 
Cruz.” “Wm. H. Edwards.” “Most probably an Alpine 
modification of the common Pyrgus oileus.” Pyrgus oileus 
West.-Humph. pl. 38, fig. 14-15, is said by the authors to be 
a North American insect and the figures probably represent 
syrichtus Fab., where ‘it is placed by Kirby in his catalogue. 
The Tryon Reakirt collection was purchased by Herman 
Strecker and it is now in the Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois. 

Strecker citest as the types of montivagus, “One g, one @, 
Rocky Mts., Colorado, Coll. Reakirt.” 

Mr. W. J. Gerhard, of the Field Museum, has supplied me 
with information in regard to these types. 

“There are in his collection (Strecker) two specimens, a male and 
a female, with a red-bordered pin label on each and with the inscrip- 
tion, ‘Pyrgus montivagus, Colorado, Reak. Orig. type, Coll. Reakirt.’ 
_ The male, which is spread to show the under side, is of average size, 


and, with one exception, agrees exactly with the specimen you sent as 
syrichtus. The exception is that the color of the secondaries below 


*Bulletin of the Lepidopterological Society of Geneva, Vol. IV, 
p. 06, 1910. 

tEnt. News, 17, 277, 1906. 

tStrecker, Rhop. and Het., Suppl. 3. 


298 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [-Dec:, "19 


is of a light brownish tinge; so much so is this the case that the 
transverse macular bands are very indistinct. The secondaries of the 
female, which is smaller than the male, and is also pinned to show 
the under surface, are likewise suffused with a light brown tinge.” 


Mr. Gerhard says the male has the tuft of hairs near the 
base of the hind tibiae. Unless it can be shown that the de- 
scription of montivagus represents something different from 
these types, montivagus Reak. becomes a synonym of syrichtus 
Fab. 


> 
—_— 


A new Tachytes from Georgia (Hymenop.: Larridae). 


By J. CHESTER BravLey, Cornell University, Ithaca, . 
New York. 


Tachytes auricomans n. sp. yore 


6. Color, pile and wing color as in crassus, the golden pubescence 
very pronounced. Length 16 mm. 

Agrees in structure and sculpture with crassus, except in the fol- 
lowing points: segments 4 and following of the antennae are less 
rounded out beneath than are those of crassus; the vertex less nar- 
rowed; (in crassus the least distance between the eyes is scarcely if 
any more than the length of the 3rd antennal segment, in auricomans 
it is considerably more) ; clypeus with the external lateral tooth acute 
and prominent, the anterior border between these teeth evenly and but 
slightly rounded (in crassus these teeth are blunt and not so promi- 
nent, and the middle part of the margin between them is produced 
into a small rounded lobe). 


Habitat.—Georgia: Oglethorpe, 1 July, 1910, 3 ¢ (the 
author). : 

Type.—Holotype, Cornell University, No. 147.1, paratype, 
No. 147.2; paratype in collection of Georgia State Board of 
Entomology. , ; 


Sugaring for Moths (Lepid.). 

It is possible that moths, like some people, will not greatly fancy 
the new near-beer, in place of their old tipple of stale beer and brown 
sugar. So here is a new recipe and a suggestion. 

While camping this summer, my wife tried to make some wild 
goose-berry jelly. Being a long ways from a source of supply, she 
used too little sugar, and the result was a sticky. syrup that did not 
‘Sell.’ Part of it fermented, standing in a glass jar where the sun 
hit it. I poured the fermented goose-berry syrup down an alder, and 
that evening found four Catocalae, besides several small Noctuids, 
on the one tree-trunk. Unfortunately, I did not have enough sugar to 
experiment further, but it is very likely that the fermented juice of 
any local fruit or berry, with a little sugar added, possesses the proper 
“kick” to attract moths. I had tried the regulation mixture of beer 
and sugar, in other years, in the same locality, and never had a single 
Noctuid come to the bait—-W. H. IreLranp, Maricopa, California. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER, ion 


After Thirty Years. 

When this number of the News reaches the reader, there 
- will stand on the editor’s shelves thirty completed volumes of 
this journal, unbound, except for their original pink paper 
covers, which, when they first appeared, led one subscriber, 
and contributor to the first number, to protest that the color 
suggested too much a patent medicine advertisement. For a 
few issues that subscriber’s copy was bound in white paper, 
but the pink cover was retained for the magazine as enabling 
it to be picked out readily from others in a pile. 

‘The Treasurer of the Society which has stood back of the 
News from the start is fond of telling the story that when it 
first appeared it was freely predicted that it would not last 
six months, but time has proven the contrary. 

There lies before the editor a single sheet, printed on both 
sides, headed, “A New Entomological Journal. To be pub- 
lished Under the auspices of the Fntomological Section of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of, Philadelphia, and the Ameri- 
can Entomological Society.” It is dated ‘Philadelphia, Pa., 
Dec. 1, 1889” and continues: 

It has for some time been apparent to Entomologists in this country 
that there was unoccupied room for a journal of Entomology devoted 
less to the dry details of descriptive and classificatory work and more 


to the news and gossip which is always of interest to entomological 
workers. 


The circular continues in the words of the Announcement, 
occupying the first two pages of Volume I, Number 1, which 
actually appeared January 14, 1890. 

The pressure of other work and the non-receipt of desired 
information have made it impossible to fulfil always the pur- 
poses for which the News was founded, and we stil] welcome, 
to quote the Announcement again: 


Scientific papers, news notes, reports of societies, etc... . from 
al! sources to make this journal just what its name implies, a compend 
of entomological news. 


299 


300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Dec., *19 


Notes and News. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 
OF THE GLOBE. 


A Loved and Respected Entomologist. 


I had gone up to the Pocono Mountains by the way of the Wind 
Gap and as the roads were worse than a flown butterfly without any 
scales, I decided to return to Philadelphia by the way of the Delaware 
Water Gap. In the Gap, in front of the Kittatinny House, I saw 
coming down the side of the mountain an individual with a net. 
Having experienced the usual salutation and having read of it in the 
words of the individual, I said, “Goin’ fishin’?” It was a mean joke 
and I felt ashamed of it, but the question popped out like a pea from 
a pod. The answer came, “No, I don’t fish, I am an entomologist.” 
I then asked, “What is an entomologist?” “An entomologist is one 
who studies and collects insects.” My reply was to the effect that 
collecting insects was a foolish and silly thing to do and not worth 
while. The entomologist said, “What is worth while?” I felt that 
I was being looked upon with pity and perhaps scorn. on account ‘of 
my not being an entomologist. but when I admitted I did not know 
what was the use of anything, I was finding a little favor and was 
getting near the wisdom of Socrates when he said, “I know that I 
know nothing. others know not even this.” Then the entomologist 
said, “Do you know how old I am?” and I guessed 79, but the answer 
came back, “No, 81.” I had forgotten that I had not seen the ento- 
mologist for several years and that “tempus fugits.” I then spoke of 
the White Mountains of New Hampshire, where I had just spent mv 
vacation and where the entomologist had collected many summers, I 
think 28, and that I always told the lovers of nature that I met up 
there to read “Fishin’ Jimmy” and the other stories in the “Seven 
Dreamers” and that they were full of local color and breathed the 
spirit of the mountains. Then we walked toward our auto and I told 
my wife that I had loved and resnected this entomologist for many, 
many vears and she was not a bit jealous as she felt exactly the same 
as I did. This entomologist was very good to me in the years gone by 
and there is many a specimen in my collection taken at Franconia 
in the White Mountains and Biscayne Bay in Florida. The ento- 
mologist has spent fourteen summers at the Delaware Water Gap and 
is still more active than many a person forty years younger. I was 
not recognized, but finally admitted that I was fond of entomology 
and that I had more than a million insects under my care and that I 


x, 99 


really did not think that everyone I saw with a net was “goin’ fishin’. 


Preservatives for Plants and Insects. 


October 20, 1917. the writer preserved Hessian fly infested wheat 
and army worm (Cirphis unipuncta) larvae in the following solutions, 
hot and cold. 

1. Salicylic acid 1-16 ounce, alcohol (95 per cent.) % ounce, water 
16 ounces. 

2. Sulfurous acid %4 ounce, water 16 ounces. 

3. Formalin 7% per cent. 

4. Zine chloride ™% ounce, water 24 ounces. 

5. Corrosive sublimate 1% ounce, glycerine 3% ounces, water 32 
ounces. 


Vol. xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 301 


A recent (March 7, 1919) examination gives the following results: 

The wheat plants were well preserved in salicylic acid and formalin 
solutions, but the color badly faded and there was apparently no 
difference in the hot and cold solutions. The corrosive ‘sublimate- 
glycerine mixture preserved the plants tairly well when used hot, but 
these preserved in cold solution were blackened and rotten. The sul- 
furous acid and zinc chloride solutions gave the best results, pre- 
serving the color of the foliage very well. In the case of the sulfur- 
ous acid those preserved cold were apparently better. In the case of 
zinc chloride it was impossible to determine the relative merits of the 
hot and cold mixtures as the plants preserved cold were partly out of 
the solution, causing them to fade somewhat. 

The army worms preserved in sulfurous acid and corrosive subli- 
mate-glycerine solutions were in very poor condition. Salicylic acid- 
alcohol preserved the larvae nicely and, although color is faded, the 
markings are distinct. The cold solution apparently did not preserve 
the form quite as perfectly, but the colors are better preserved. For- 
malin preserved the shape, color and markirgs in fair condition, the 
ones preserved hot being the better. Zinc chloride gave the best 
results and the colors are well preserved, those preserved hot seem- 
ingly the better.. 

The need of preservatives which will preserve colors to a fair de- 
gree and at the same time preserve the shape of plants and insects is 
evident, and. these notes are given in hopes other workers will have an 
opportunity to test these and other solutions in comparison. From 
the few tests we have made the sulfurous acid and zinc chloride solu- 
tions prove to be fairly good plant preservatives, while zinc chloride 
gives good indications as a preservative for larvae—JoHN J. Davis, 
Riverton, New Jersey. 


tii 


Entomological Literature. 


COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. 
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the 

Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia. pertaining to the En- 

tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and 

Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; 

but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of _ insects, 

however, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be re- 
corded. 

. The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered 
in the following list, in which the papers are published. : 
All continued papeis, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their 

first installments. 

The records of papers containing new genera or species occurring north 
of Mexico are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat. 
For records of Economic Literature. see the Experiment Station Record, 

Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied_En- 

tomology. Series A. London. For records of napers on Medical Ento- 

mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. 


2—Transactions of The American Entomological Society, Phila- — 
delphia. 4—Canadian Entomologist, London, Canada. 7—Annals 
of The Entomological Society of America, Columbus, Ohio. 8&— 
The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, London. 10—Proceedings 
of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 11—Annals 
and Magazine of Natural History, London. 17—Lepidoptera, Bos- 
ton, Mass. 22—Bulletin of Entomological Research, London. 29— 
Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, Toronto. 


302 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ‘Dee: "19 


41—Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique Suisse, Bern. 53—Nature 
Study Review, Ithaca, N. Y. 62—Bulletin of the American Mus- 
eum of Natural History, New York. 70—Journal of Morphology, 
Philadelphia. 76—Nature, London. 100—Biological Bulletin of 
the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 


GENERAL. Andrews, H. V.—A suggestion [regarding printed 
lists for collections]. 17, iii, 65-6. Brues, C. T.—Classification of 
insects on the characters of the larva and pupa. (Biol. Bul., Woods 
Hole, Mass. xxxvii, 1-21.) Criddle, N.--Some insect problems in 
the prairie provinces. 29, xlix, 32-5. Davis, J. J— Present day prob- 
lems in entomology. 29, xlix, 47-59. Johnson, H. L.—A cheap sub- 
stitute for the riker mounts. 1%, iii, 66-7. Lochhead, W.—Some 
chapters of the early history of entomology. 29, xlix, 69-81. Morris 
F, J. A—The life history of a hobby horse. 29, xlix, 39-46. Mutt- 
kowski, R. A.—The fauna of Lake Mendota [Wisconsin] (Trans. 
Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts & Let., xix, 374-482). Nielsen, J. C_— 
Undersogelser over entoparasitiske Muscidelarver hos Arthropoder. 
VII. (Vidensk. Medd. fra Dansk Naturh. Foren. Kobenhaven, Ixx, 
1-57.) Van Hyning, T.—Insect larvae destroving Physa [Mollusca]. 
(The Nautilus, xxxiii, 71-2). Wolley Dod, F. H.—Obituary. 4, 
1919, 239-40. 


GENETICS, ETC. Goldsmith, W. M.—Comparative studv of 
the chromosomes of the tiger-beetles. 70, xxxii, 437-87. Nakahara, 
W.—Studv of the chromosomes in the spermatogenesis of the 
stonefly, Perla immarginata. 70, xxxii, 509-29. Onslow, H.—The 
inheritance of wing colour in L. (Journ. of Genetics. viii, 209-258.) 
Richards. M. H.—Two new eve colors in the third chromosome of 
Drosophila melanogaster. 100, xxxv. 199-206. Seiler. T.—Re- 
searches on the sex-Chromosomes of Psvchidae (Lep.) 100, xxxvi, 
399-404. 


MEDICAL. Goeldi, E. A—Darmkanal und russel der stuhen- 
flileze vom sanitarischen standpunkte aus. 41, xii, 418-31. Hill, 
G. F.— Relationship of insects to parasitic diseases in stock (Proc. 
Roy. Soc. Victoria. xxxi. 11-107). Metz. C. W.—Anonheles eriur- 
i@ns. as an agent in malarial transmission. (UU. S. Pub. Health 
Rept., Reprint No. 536.) Observations on the food of Anopheles 
larvae. (U.S. Pub. Heal. Rept., Ren. No. 549.) 


ARACHNIDA & MYRIAPODA. Emerton, J. H.—Notes on 
the spiders col'ected bv F. Johansen in Northeastern Greenland 
(Vidensk. Medd. fra Dansk Naturh, Foren. Kobenhaven, Ixx, 143-5). 
Nebel, C. E.—The amount of food eaten by the spider Aranea seri- 
cata. (Trans. Wisconsin Sci. Arts & Let., xix, 524-30.) 


Chamberlin, R. V.i_New western spiders. 7, xii, 239-60. 


NEUROPTERA. Bagnall, R.-S.—Brief descriptions of new 
Thysanoptera. 11, iv, 253-77. Dean, F. R.—A flight of the may- 
fly at Fenton, Mo. 17, iii’ 74. Selys-Longchamps, E.—Collections 
zoologiques. Catalogue, Fasc. iii, pt. 1-2, Copeognatha, Isoptera; 
xvi, pt. 2, Libellulinen. Thompson, C. B.—The development of the 
castes of nine genera and thirteen species of Termites. 100, xxxvi, 
379-98. 


Volo xxx] ENTOMOLOGICAI, NEWS 303 


ORTHOPTERA. Bodkin & Cleare——An invasion of British 
Guiana by locusts in 1917, with a complete illustrated account of 
the life history of the species. 22, ix, 341-57. Hebard, M—A new 
ene Am. genus & sp. of the group Blattellites (Blattidae). 2, 
xiv, 303-6. : 


Hebard, M.—New gen.. & sps. of Melanopli found within the 
U. S. (Acrididae). A new gen. & sps. of roach from the U. S. and 
tropical N. A. (Blattidae). 2, xlv, 257-98; 299-302. Rehn, J. A. G.— 
Descriptions of new and critical notes upon previously known forms 
of N. A. Oedipodinae (Acrididae). 2, xlv, 229-55. 


HEMIPTERA. Baker, A. C.—Aphids: their human interest. 29, 
xlix, 28-32. Kornhauser, S. I.—Sexua! characteristics of the mem- 
bracid, Thelia bimaculata. 70, xxxii, 531-635. Matheson, R.—A 
study. of the plant lice injuring the foliage and fruit of the apple. 
(Mem. 24, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., 679-762.) Smith, L. B.— 
The life history and biologv of the pink and green aphid. (Vir- 
ginia Truck Exp. Sta. Bul., No. 27.) Wilson & Vickery.—A species 
list of the Aphididae of the world and their recorded food plants. 
(Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts & Let., xix, 22-355.) 


Fracker, S. B.—Chariesterus and its neotropical relatives (Corei- 
dae.) 7, xii, 227-30. Davis, J. J—Miscellaneous aphid notes. 4, 
1919, 228-34. Herbert, F. B—A new sp. of Matsucoccus from the 
pines in California. 10, xxi, 157-61. McAtee, W. L.—Report on a 
second collection of Nova Scotian Eupterygid leaf-hoppers, includ- 
ing descriptions of new varieties. 4, 1919, 225-6. Sanders & De 
Long—Eight new “Jassids” from the eastern U. S. 7, xii, 231-38. 


LEPIDOPTERA. Comstock, A. B.— The American silk-worms. 
53, xv, 263-77. Drz, A.—Organes pulsatiles des L. (Revue Scien., 
Ivii, 532). Dixey, F. A.—Opening address. Section of Zoology, 
British Association at Bournemouth. [Mimicrvl. 76, civ, 121-26. 
Proud, A. E.—My study of moths from living specimens. 53, xv, 
286-91. Reiff, W.—Notes and additions to Barnes’ and McDun- 
nough’s illustrations of the genu Catocala. Catoca'a herodias. 1%, 
iii, 69-70; 73-4. Rowley, R. R— Descriptions of four Catoca'a larvae. 
4, 1919, 226-7. Ruckers, HNotes on the male genital svstem in 
certain L. %, xii, 192-213. Welch, P. S.—The aquatic adaptations of 
Pyrausta penitalis. 7, xii, 213-26. 


DIPTERA. Davidson, W. M.—Notes on Allograpta fracta. 4, 
1919, 235-9. Hamm, A. H.—Observations on the horse bot-fly. Gas- 
trophilus equi. 8, 1919, 229-30. Johnson, C. W.—A revised list of 
the D. of Jamaica. 62, xli, 421-49. Plath, O. E.—A muscid larva 
of the San Francisco bay region which sucks the blood of nesting 
birds. (Univ. Calif. Pub.. xix, 191-200). Tothill & McLaine—The 
recovery in Canada of the brown-tail moth parasite (Compsilura — 
concinnata). 29, xlix, 35-9. 


COLEOPTERA. Beaulieu, G—Monographie des Melasides du 
Canada. (Le Naturl. Canadian, xlvi, 73-83, cont.) 


Wickham, H. F.—Scaphinotus (Pseudonomaretus) mannii n. sp. 
' (Carabidae). 10, xxi, 170-3. 


304 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dee 19 


HYMENOPTERA. Hutson, J. C.—The N. A. species of the 


genus Sceliphron, 2, xlv, 203-227. Larue, P.—Vue des couleurs par 
une abeille. (Revue Scien., Paris, ivii, 565.) 


Gahan, A. B.—Descriptions of seven new sps. of Opius. (Brac- 
onidae). 10, xxi, 161-70. 


Erupes pE LEPIDOPTEROLOGIE COMPAREE. By CHARLES OBERTHUR. 
Fascicule XVI. This volume contains a long article on the lepidop- 
tera of Barbary. The second article is by Gédéon Foulquier on 
Carcharodus baeticus in “Bouches-du-Rhone.” Observations relative to 


the life-history of Lycaena alcon. The stages of Lycaena alcon by 


Dr. T. A. Chapman. Orrhodia rubigo Ramb. by Philippe Henriot. 
Observations on Carcharodus altheae, by Harold Powell. André Avin- 
off describes a wonderful melanic aberration of Papilio podalirius 
which he calls lucifer. The volume ends with a document on the con- 
servation of Parnassius opollo. There are twenty-six plates of the 
same excellent character as in the previous volumes.—H. S. 


<> 
_> 


Feldman Collecting Social. 


Meeting of June 8th, 1919, at the residence of H. W. Wenzel, 5614 
Stewart St., Philadelphia. Nine members present, Pres. H. W. Wen- 
zel in the chair. 

Diptera.—Mr. Hornig stated that formerly there were millions 
of Aédes sollicitans Wik. at Weccacoe Avenue in Philadelphia Neck, 
but since the government has filled in this neighborhood they have 
entirely disappeared. 

Coleoptera.—Mr. H. W. Wenzel said he had gone to Anglesea, New 
Jersey, on May 30th, and at that time there were strong westerly 
winds, but during the night they shifted to the east, and he went to 
the beach early in the morning, where he found the grasses, etc. 
(blown to sea the night before) cast at high tide mark by the easterly 
winds. Under this debris he found eight species and a variety of 
Sphenophorus as follows: aequalis Gyll., pertinax Oliv. (and a variety 
with red tint above and red band below), setiger Chitt., villosiventris 
Chitt., costipennis Horn, venatus Say, zeae Walsh and mealanocephalus 
Fabr. 

Lepidoptera.—Mr. Hornig exhibited a specimen of Chrysophanus 
thoe Boisd. which he collected in Philadelphia Neck, June 12, 1910, 
Mr. Laurent stating it was the fourth he had seen from this locality 
in all his collecting experience. 


At the meeting of September 17th, 1919, nine members present, 


Pres. H. W. Wenzel in the chair, being the first meeting since the 


summer collecting season, general discussion was the order of the 
evening. : 
Gro. M. GREENE, Sec’y. 


2 


Correction. 


Page 247 of the News for November, 1919, strike out the tenth 
line from the bottom: “hand side of the specimen has the wings nor- 
mal male, and the right” 


~ \ sade 
SS 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXxX. 


(* indicates mew genera, species or varieties. ) 


ALEXANDER, C. P. Two new crane-flies from California.214 


Mopee on the senus Dicranoptycha. =. oo cn 6 ek ee 19 
AvpricH, J. M. Leiomysa in North America (ill.)..... 137 
pate ACA Melapms from moss (ill.)... 2.5.0.0. 19-4 
Barnes & Linpsey. A new Geometrid from Arizona ....245 
Becker, G. G.. A one-year life cycle for Saperda candida, 

Cee EE Re a. ko eve hep hek ec bh di ns eee 24 
Brapiey, J. C. A new Tachytes from Georgia.......... 298 
Braun, A. F. Descriptions of new species of Coleo- 

i oa e aig ce we «te ees 108, 127 

Notes on Cosmopterygidae, with descriptions of new 

NB oe as 5 ne Sik os os Se ee 260 
Bryant, G. E. Richness of Borneo in Coleoptera........ 252 
CALVERT, ©. £. Alter thirty years (editorial)... 2... 2.5 299 

Pereaieal FPGty BOINIUM . no 2 oss o's cei eens s Selene 84 

Peptsmicas aberracts (Notice)... . i... 6s 05nd ek d eee 25: 

Entomologia resurgens Belgica (editorial) ............. 144 

Entomology at the Convocation Week meetings (edi- 

Tk io ia wd we aes 0 ee ee ee 49, 72 
Brome teacane Godman. (ill)... 2... coco eee 121 
International relations of entomological societies after 

OU OTT AL) og oie 5 5 oo hve nels vo Po eae ee 204 

A league of nations means the metric system (editorial) .175 

ame teews tor 1919 (editorial). ............0e, eigen Zo 

Obituary: Victor Arthur Erich Daecke............... 58 

Odonata from Guatemala collected by Wm. Schaus | 

ee PATCS CULL, Yo s aie sv wos dee 31, 72,, 160 
Review: An Investigation on the Louse problem ....... 270 
Reviews: Report of the Imperial Entomologist of India 

1917-1918. Studies of the Fruit-flies of Japan...... kT fe 


305 


306 INDEX 


Review: Seventeenth Report of the State Entomologist 


it SOR i esta Se ee a 270 
The wsé of the term darva (editorial)... 25.000 iSnc5 3 265 
CocKERELL, T. D. A. The bees of the Rocky Mountain Na- 
SOMO Park sys ss oo sh eee he 286 
Bittacomorpha clavipes ........+0.45: PrN Se aS 23 
Capture of ants by gummy exudations................ 115 
Cordulegaster dorsalis as an enemy oF route ae 22 
Crabro MONTANES os os Se a ae 114 
Neocorynura, a genus of Halictine bees................ 41 
A new: genus of bees from Per... 4. ee 17 
Cote, F. R. A new genus of the dipterous family Cyrtidae 
trom “Soa: Amerie boa aa eee oe 271 


CoLEeMAN, L. V. An aberration of Polygonia progne (ill.) 112 
Crampton, G. C. Notes on the phylogeny of the Orthop- 
ROA AI a ese soy fai Ris Eee ee 42, 64 
Cresson & REHN. Entomological literature, 
29, 50, 85, 115, 145, 176, 206, 232, 266, 301 


Cresson, E. T. Jk. Review: Wasp studies afield......... 54 
Davis; J. J.. An entomologists handbook, o3¢5 6). 6/5 644 32 
Preservatives. for plants and. msects:..0. 0.00200... 301 


(See also Wilson & Davis). 
EMERTON, J. H. The flights of spiders in the autumn of 


ROIB os be Oke ce aa ee ees Sime ees wiv Go eee 165 
FAGL 2. Co Change er Nadiee. sc ee 26 
Fett, E. P. Five non-gall-making midges .............. 219 
Ferris, G. F. A new species of Pseudodiaspis (ill.)...... 275 

A remarkable case of longevity in insects ............. af 
Two species of Phylloxera from California (ill.)....... 103 
Frison, T. H. The occurrence of Eurema mexicana, in 

ANOS CES... bas See ee ee 228 
FunKuouser, W. D. A new Tylocentrus from Arizona 

FIN us eee a ss eae eben CRW ere ee er 217 
GAGE, FO iS Themigiiing of Cosi hee ee 142 


Gor, M. T. Life history and habits of Silpha inaequalis. .253 
Heparp, M. Remarks on the species assigned to Cavotet- 
Hx; a synonymicof Neotettec. 20. 0.5 a ees ee 78 


INDEX 307 | 


Hotianp, W. J. Herbert Huntington Smith (ill.)....... 211 
Hotiincer & ParKks. Euclemensia bassettella, the kermes 
DE ee a 91 
Hooker, H. D. Notes on the life history of Epipsilia 
iereareniaicg (ak ced ob... Oe ol 
Howarp, L. O. A collector's manual in Spanish......... 53 
Wee WN Be VINCORLONE. 6 i ec. de ci Ee ees 206 
On the hymenopterous parasites of Kermes............ Zone 
Howe, R. H., Jr. The Odonata of Concord, Massachusetts 10 
Pecans, W. H. Sugaring for moths......:.....<c.00. 298 
Kennepy, C. H. The Naiad of the Odonate genus Cory- 
MON CULE Fe hd whe Si wiser a eS Ee 105 
maces, B.A. Obituary: Eliza Klages. ..... 00. chee 180 
Pawausren. ©, Costa Rican. butterflies .. . oo5... eck 216 


LinpsEy, A. W. A new skipper from South America (ill.) .169 
(See also Barnes & Lindsey). 
McATEE, W. lL. Notes on two Miridae, Camptobrochis and 


nics voi e eels Bae «ove tk a 246 
Preliminary key to the nearctic species of Eupteryx....182 
Mattocu, J. R. The larval habitat of Chalcomyia aerea.. 25 
On an undescribed species of Medeterus.............. 7 
MarcHanp, W. Collecting the larvae of Tabanus and 
Chrysops: 3 3. «: bas ccse wie ale Noa 4a bev ene oe ee 131 
Martin, J. O. Notes on the occurrence of Schizax senax 
: MR oi oo kenge sewer es opens 231 
MenceL, L. W. A new Perisama from South America 
hic occ eo obit pau ncnhe ies h eeeenee 181 
Metcatr, ©. lL. Eumerus strigatus again. ...... 200.6... 170 
Micket, C. E. A new genus of Cerambycidae from 
aig Gie.5 es 60 it.a i'n Cem nw «bes me wane .198 
MitcHeny, J. D. Notes on Diacrisia virginica........... 19] 
Morrison, H. Appended note to Howard’s Hymenopter- 
Oe ronites. Gt Kermes:.. 0... ous) se + ee heme aes 258 


Nicotay, A. S. Additions to insects of New Jersey No.7.276 
(See also Weiss & Nicolay.) 
Parker, R. R. North American Sarcophagidae ; new spe- 
cies of the genus Sarcofahrtia (ill.) .......... eee yi} Wee 


308 INDEX 


Parks, H. B. (See Hollinger & Parks.) 

ParsHLEyY, H. M. On the preparation of Hemiptera for 
te Cabinet! we ieoas eerie oS ee ee 223 

Reun, J. A. G. (See Cresson & Rehn.) 

REINHARD, H. J. Preliminary notes on Texas Tachinidae.279 


ScHoaus, W. A new Amastus from Argentina........... 174 
Scuwarz, E. The early stages of Catocala minuta and a 
description of a new variety of C. obscura.......... 196 
On the early stages of Catocala titania, and a description 
of three new. -varieties of. Catocala is: co) oe. ee 14 
Scott, F. B. Abundance of Cicadas in Beluchistan...... 230 
SEVERIN, G. The cause of the delay of publication of the 
elves: (obitonyes 00 Soe ls ge Se ae 229 
Skinner, H. A few hours on Mt. Washington.......... 48 
Hesperia: syrichius and montivagus. 2.355.000 3544. 297 
An interesting gynandromorphic butterfly............. 247 
A:-foved ‘and respected entomologist. 25.065 ss oes 300 
A new species of Argynnis from Utah............ Pres 216 
Mew species of Cohatodes. os oe nie a 100 
The next International Entomological Congress (edi- 
COCtAL): ass Ce a ee 83 
Note to Winn’s Argynnis apacheana paper............. 159 
The resting place of collections (editorial)............ 228 
Review: Class Book of Economic Entomology........ 209 
Review: Etudes de Lepidoptérologie Comparée Fasc. 
SVE hs ees a OL ee es pce ech a nee 304 
Review: Injurious insects and useful birds........... 54 
Swat the fly versus starve the brute (editorial)........ 114 
Stop hier: (@aiitorial) i Coece ee iD 
Stoner, D. Swarming of the monarch butterfly in Iowa. 38 
Stone & CaLverT. Obituary: Benjamin Hays Smith.... 88 
Tittyarp, R. J. A further note on the wing-coupling ap- 
paratus in the family Micropterygidae ............ 168 
Review: The wanes of tisettsii4o 2.6. 148 
Van Duzez, M. C. Two new Asyndetus with a table of 
the North ‘American ‘speciés i. ee Gi ees 248 


Van Dyke, E. C. A few observations on the tendency of 
insects to collect on ridges and mountain snowfields. .241 


INDEX 399 


New species of Buprestidae from the western United 
States, with supplementary notes concerning others 


CH ee oie ee eee ares erage ee 151, 186 
Weiss, H. B. A resurrected paper on mosquitos and 
aaa Tia. ss es Sed hs os. 2 eee 101 
tinea cloacella bred-from:funet. 2 6. 220. a ek 251 
Weiss & Nicotay. Eumerus strigatus, the lunate onion 
By. Ur New Jersey. 6. Ge ks fee Ce ee 27 


Notes on Zeugophora scutellaris, a European poplar leaf- 
miner, in New Jersey (ill.) | 
WeL.LuHousE, W. H. An Itonid feeding on rust spores. ... 144 
Wi.iiamMson, E. B. Variation in color pattern of the 
dragonfly Gomphus crassus 
Witson, H. F. Three new Lachnids with comparative 
notes on. three others (1jic7.07.0.; 25 
Witson & Davis. A new genus and species of soled (all.) 39 
Winn, A. F. Argynnis apacheana, and Edward’s plates of 


A MORO MESS ei ee BO a ee Ais CO 156 
GENERAL SUBJECTS. Entomological societies after 
Academy of Natural Sciences the War avin. ice 204 

of Philadelphia. (See En- Entomologist, Loved and re: 
tomological Section.) SHOCted: 4.6 hos ass ee 300 
After thirty years... .05 56.05 299  Entomologists, Annual meet- 
American Entomological So- INGE Of foc vey icv yee 296 
Ciety.”. eee oo 56, 150, 239 Feldman Collecting Social, 
Appeal from Belgium ....... 84 58, 88, 119, 150, 179, 238, 304 
Belgium, An appeal from.... 84 Handbook, An entomologist’s 82 
Botanical abstracts... 24... 25 Insect parasites of insects, 
Canadian Entomologist, The QI, 255, 278, 279 
baDllee: Of 2 ha et 83 International Entomological 
Collections, The resting places Congress, The next... ny, 83 
TERN EASE MAY crate gt are 228 International relations of En- 
Convocation week meetings, tomological Societies after 
Entomology at ..:..-....- 49 PG Wat oo. ican saan cee 204 
Entomologia resurgens Bel- Jubilee of the Canadian Ento- 
i ees ee das 144 MOORS oi: Unde sv eee aes 83 
Entomological literature, Larva, Use of the term....... 265 
29, 50, 85, 115, 145, 176 206, Memorials to the late F. D. 
232, 266, 301. COMMA. «Raikes cue 231 


Entomological Section, Acad. 
Nat. Sci., Phila..56, 118, 179, 240 


Metric system, A League of 
Nations means the 


6 0 10620 eee 


310 


New Jersey, Additions to in- 

Sate OF. INO. Fee a 276 
News for 1919 (Editorial)... 23 
Ohio entomological workers. 120 
Plants attacked by insects, 

I, 94, 103, 109, 124, 127, 144, IQI 
‘216, 251, 255, 260, 277, 279. 
Plants visited by insects, 

48, 61, 153, 188, 279, 286 
Preservative for insects..... 300 
Resting places of collections.. 228 
Ridges, Tendency of insects 

te COME OR eee ea ee 241 
Selys Catalogue, Cause of de- 

lay of publication of ...... 229 
Snowfields, Tendency of in- 

sects to collect on ridges 


and motuntal./.66 666 cae es 241 
STR Es SH ie ess see Bas ae 175 
Thirty: Years, After: : f.c.e.5 209 

OBITUARY NOTICES. 
Binachard, te so os ee 210 
Daecke Vi Ai wes oe aia 58 
Godman. Fs (D.C) stesees 121 
dtercuigis, Jick. say eas 210 
Kanes W. By GeV. (os cseaoieen 209 
Kia@ee. Bi i430) sisters 180 

CTC OBER Roe ee areas 210 
Michaloviteb,. Niel Si as 210 
Saethi Eis FA Chef galas eds vce vie 88 
South: FA At, ose ens 211 
Webb. 3.3 C8. den ies ase wx eres 210 
PERSONALS. | 
Brwtiee: be pce weeks cask 231 
Deni Cl. AN ser eee a aes 44 230 
MeDannougn, (Jo uss ots 102 
Michalovitcn; Ni ies. ss 210 
REVIEWS. 
Comstock: The Wings of In- 
SOC1S 63 eee ee es 148 


Fletcher: Report of the Im- 
perial Entomologist, India. 237 
Lochhead: Class Book of 


Economic Entomology .... 209 


INDEX 


Miyake: Studies on the Fruit- 


flies: of: fanam. i... yea. 237 
Moore & Hirschfelder: An 

Investigation of the Louse 

Problem ..... 00.554 62s seee 270 
Oberthur: Etudes de Lepidop- 

térologie Comparée ....... 304 
Porter: A Collector’s Manual 

in. Spanish: so). ci. . 5.5 sae 53 
Rau & Rau: Wasp Studies 

POI os Re a a ee 54 


Ruggles: Report of the State 
Entomologist of Minnesota 270 

Washburn: Injurious Insects 
and Useful Birds ......... 54 


GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBU- 

<STEON. 

Alabama: Orth., 81. 

Arizona: Col., 156, 188. Hem., 217. 
Lep., 245. 

Arkansas: Col., 24. 

California: Dipt., 249. Col., 153, 
188, 231, 243. Hem., I, 103, 247, 
275. Lep., 240, 243, 260. 

Colorado: Dipt., 23, 219. Hym., 

- 286. 

Connecticut: Lep., 61, 113. 


Florida: Col. 190. Dipt., 57. 
Orth., 81. 

Georgia: Hym., 298. Orth., 81. 

Idaho: Dipt., 140. 

Illinois: Dipt., 9, 25. Hem., 5. 
Lep., 228. 

Iowa: Lep., - 38. 

Kansas: Dipt., 21. 

Maine: Hem., 186. 

Maryland: Col., 119. Hem., 2, 


184. 
Massachusetts: Arach., 165. Hem., 
247. Lep., 111. Odon., 10. 
Missouri: Hem., 5. Lep., 14, 94, 
198. 

Montana: Dipt., 201. 

New Hampshire: Dipt., 140. Lep., 
48, 50. 


INDEX 


New Jersey: Col., 57, 58, 88, 119,. 


¥a4,¢ 277, 304 Dipt,.- 2 as 
1790, 278. Hem., 277.  Hym., 
278. Lep., 58, 251, 277. Odon., 
277. 

New Mexico: Odon., 22. 

New York: Dipt., 144. Hem., 184. 
Lep., 57. 

North Carolina: Hem., 247. Odon., 
105. 

’ Ohio: Hem., 185. 
264. 

Oregon: Hem., I, 221. 

Pennsylvania: Col., 88, 119, 120, 
150, 238, 239. Dipt., 179, 239, 
240, 304. Hem., 184. Hym., 
239. Lep., 56, 119, 179, 180, 239, 
240, 247, 304. 

Tennessee: Orth., 81. 

Texas: Col., 155. Dipt., 279. Lep., 

ros, 198) Orth., 82, 

Utah: Lep., 216. 

Virginia: Col., 230. 
247. 

Washington: Dipt., 140. 

West Virginia: Hem., 194. 

Wisconsin: Hem., 5, 39. 

Wyoming: Col., 108. 


Lep., 109, 127, 


Hem., 186, 


Canada: Dipt., 141, 221. 

Mexico: Hym., 41. Lep., 100. 

Central America: Dipt., 250. Hym., 
41.. Lep., 216.. Odon., 31, 72, 
160. 

South America: Dipt., 271. Hem., 
a7. Hiymi., 17, 41. Lep., 169,174, 
181. 

Europe: Dipt., 172. 

_ Asia: Hem., 3, 230. 


ARACHNIDA. 
Flights of spiders in autumn 165 
aiganteus, Mastigoproctus ... 26 
Mastigoproctus 
(see giganteus). 
Spiders, Flights of .......... 165 
Vinegarone, Note on ....... 26 


at} 


COLEOPTERA. 
Acmaeodera (see _ sinuata, 
sex-notata, wensecli, wheel- 
eri, squamosa, quadrivittata, 
pubiventris, plagiaticauda, 

cubaecola, cribricollis). 
Additions to New Jersey rec- 
ords 


Sedaka det omee ma aeee 277 

Bledius (see dissimilis, phila- 
delphicus, fratellus, transi- 
tus). 

Borneo Coleoptera, Richness 
ON eee CRE Re pee 252 

Buprestidae from western U. 
eee se simak 151, 186 

candida; Saperda .:. occ). .< 24 


Cerambycidae from Wyom- 
ing, New genus ........... 198 


Chatige of names (2... oc .55 26 
cribricollis, Acmaeodera 190 
cubaecola, Acmaeodera (ill.). 190 
cyanipes, Poecilonota ....... Cy | 
dissumilts, Bledius so. 06s vac 26 


erecta, Poecilonota cyanipes.. 277 


fratellus, Bledius .........%. 26 
Habits of Silpha inaequalis.. 253 
inaequalis, Stlpha .......... 253 
japonica, Popilta .......... 58 


Life cycle of Saperda candida 24 
Life history and habits of 
Silpha inaequalis 


Pipes 8 253 
Megacheuma™ 602 ic ee 198 
melanosticum*, Megacheuma 

CU oon wale eae ee ee 199 
Occurrence of Schizax senax 

in Cahfiornia oa 231 
philadelphicus*, Bledius ..... 26 
plagiaticauda, Acmaeodera .. 189 


Poccilonota (see 
erecta, thureura). 

Popillia (see japonica). 

Poplar leaf-miner, Zeugo- 
phora scutellarts (ill.)..... 124 

pubiventris, Acmaeodera (ill.) 188 

quadrivittata, Acmaecodera .. 188 


cyanipes, 


312 INDEX | 


Saperda candida reared in an 


SDB eh a es be ees 24 
Schizax senax in California. 231 


scutellaris, Zeugophora ..... 125 
Seues, SCHELL. se - 231 
sex-notata*, Acmaeodera sin- 
MUR ALU a ott es 153 
Silpha inaequalis, Life history 
Wi AMEE OE oe cies ee ccs 253 
sinuata*, Acmaeodera (ill.).. 152 
squamosa*, Acmaeodera .... 187 
thureura, Poecilonota ...... 277 
transitus*, Bledius ......... 26 


qwenseli*, Acmaeodera (ill.). 154 

wheeleri* Acmaeodera (ill.). 155 

Zeugophora  scutellaris, in 
INGW Jersey. 5.65 ven 124 


DIPTERA. 


Acyphona (see Enioptera). 
Additions to New Jersey rec- 


eS EG Swe cake ve eee 278 
Aedes (see curriei). 
aenea, Myiophasia .......... 282 
aerea, Chalcomyia .......... 25 
albifrons, Sturmia .........- 284 
americana, Plagtia .......... 284 
ammophilus, Asyndetus ..... 248 
analts, Arclylas : 2's. 4.80 279 
analis, Chaetogacdia ........ 280 
appendiculatus, Asyndetus ... 248 
archippivora, Frontina ...... 281 


Archytas (see analis). 
Asyndetus, New, with table of 
North American species ... 248 
atlantica*®* Sarcofahrtia (ill.). 203 
Belvosia (see bifasciata). 


bifasciata, Belvosia ......... 280 
Bittacomorpha (see clavipes). 

caerulescens*, Medeterus .... 8 
capitata, Gonia ............. 281 
caudatus, Asyndetus ........ 248 
Camposella®: oo ccteaeeis nes: 271 


Celatoria (see diabroticac). 
Chaetogaedia (see analis). 


Chalcomyia (see aerea). 
Chrysops, Collecting larvae of 131 
Cistogaster (see immaculata). 


claripennis, Phorocera ...... 283 
clavipes, Bittacomorpha ...... 23 
colet®, Colpamhta: . 20. Vinee 223 
Collecting larvae of Tabanus 
‘and Chrysops 48 131 
Colpodia (see colei). 
consobrina*, Porricondyla ... 221 
cornutus, Asyndetus ......... 248 
Crane-flies from California, 
NOW ee NS ee 214 
eurriet®,, Aedes)... divs ceees 58 
Cyrtidae, New genus from 
South Ameriea .4..6.- 0.34 271 
diabroticae, Celatoria ....... 281 
Dicranoptycha (see minima, 
tigrina, mnigripes, winne- 


mana, sobrina, germana). 
Dicranoptycha, Notes. on the 


PenGs ics case eee ee 19 
distincta, Sturniia ........+-. 284 
doryphorae, Neopales ....... 282 
Doryphorophaga (see Neo- 

pales). 
dunningii, Tachinophyto .... 285 
ceremi*, Prionellus .......... 219 


Erioptera (see sparsa). 

Eumerus (see strigatus). 
Exorista (see pyste). 

floridensis, Pachyophthalmus 283 
floridensis, Tachinophyto ... 285 
fratellus, Asyndetus ......... 248 
Frontina (see archippivora) . 
fultonensis*, Porricondyla ... 222 
germana, Dicranoptycha .... 20 
Gonia (see capitata). 


harbecku, Asyndetus ........ 248 
hepatica*, Limnophila ....... 215 
Heteropterina (see nasont). 

Hormosomyta*. oi... ce ees 220 
immaculata, Cistogaster ..... 280 


insignata*, Camposella (ill.). 272 
interruptus, Asyndetus ...... 248 


Itonid feeding on rust spores 
johnsoni, Asyndetus ........ 
Larvae of Tabanus and of 
Chrysops, Collecting ...... 
Larval habits of Chalcomyia 
Mt nce ara se aes 
fete, Asyndetus. oo 0cc. cee 
- Leiomyza in North America.. 
leucocephala, Metopia 
limata, Sturmia ............ 
Limnophila (see hepatica). 
longipalpis*, Asyndetus (ill.). 
Lunate onion fly in New Jer- 
ee eet Seen ss Cae De 
madisoni*, Sarcofahrtia (ill.) 
Malaria, Resurrected paper on 
mosquitos and 
Medeterus, 
Sneties D6 208 oss ee 
melandert*, Letomyza (ill.).. 
Metopia (see leucocephala). 
Midges, Non-gall-making ... 
minima*, Dicranoptycha 
montanensis*, Sarcofahrtia 
(ill. ) 
Mosquitos and malaria, Res- 
Hrrected paper:on.. 5. .... 6. 
Myiophasia (see aenea). 
nasont, Heteropterina ....... 
Neopales (see doryphorae). 
nigripes, Asyndetus (ill.).... 
nigripes, Dicranoptycha 
occidentalis*, Asyndetus (ill.) 
oregonensis*, Hormosomyia . 
Pachyophthalmus (see flori- 
densis ). 
parvipalpis, Plagiprospherysa 
Peleteria (see robusta). 
-Phorocera (see claripennis). 
Plagia (see americana). 
Plagiprospherysa (see parvi- 
palpis). 
Porricondyla (see consobrina, 
fultonensis). 
Prionellus (see eremi). 


"eee ee 


An undescribed 


SP OE 6) 0 O66 Re ee el ele ee. eb * 


INDEX 


144 
249 


131 


313 
pyste, Beroriste 6.6. bees 281 
quadripustulata, Winthemia.. 285 
ravinia, Sarcofahrtia ........ 203 
robusta, Peletcria ........... 283 
rubriventris, Senotainia ..... 284 
ruficauda Trichophora ...... 285 


Rust spores, Itonid feeding on 

Sarcofahrtia (see montanen- 
sis, madisoni, atlantica, ra- 
vinia).. 

Sarcophagidae, North Ameri- 
CAN Seige ee eee 

Senotainia (see rubriventris, 
trilineata). 


201 


slossonae*, Leiomyza ....... 140 
sobrina, Dicranoptycha ..... 21 
sparsa*, Erioptera .......... 214 


strigatus, Eumerus...27, 170, 
Sturmia (see albifrons, dis- 
tincta, limata). 
syntormoides, Asyndetus .... 
Tabanus, Collecting larvae of 


Tachinidae, Notes on Texas. 279 
Tachinophyto (see floridensis, 
dunningi, vanderwulpi). 
texanus, Asyndetus ......... 240 
tigrina*, Dicranoptycha ...... 21 
Trichophora (see ruficauda). 
trilineata, Senotainia ........ 284 
vanderwulpi, Tachinophyto .. 285 


winnemana, Dicranoptycha ... 21 
Winthemia (see quadripustu- 
lata). 


HEMIPTERA. 
Additions to New Jersey rec- 


ON ess eae 277 
Aphid, New genus and species 39 
Asiphonapms® 562 eae 


californica*, Essigella (ill). 1 
Camptobrochis (see poecilus). 
Cicadas in Beluchistan, Abun- 
mance Of 6 are isa 
clavalis*, Eupteryx flavoscuta 
Essigella (see californica, pini). 


230 
185 : 


314 


Eulachnus (see thunbergit, ril- 
eyt). 


Eupteryx, Key to nearctic 
OCIS a eae 
flavoscuta, Eupteryx ;:..:.... 


juniperivora*, Lachnus (ill.). 
juvenis*, Eupteryx flavoscuta 
Kermes, Hymenopterous par- 
UHNGG OEE e tus eee Cre 
Kermes parasite, Euclemensia 
Dassaticla, Mel.) cc ces 
Lachnids, Comparative notes 
OM Soe en ee a wiaahh ue 
Lachnus (see juniperivora). 
Longevity in insects ........ 
Margarodes (see vitium). 


marmoratus*, Paracalocoris 

GOCCOIBE Vac S a ey sinigien ds che 
Melaphis from moss ........ 
minutus*, Melaphis (ill.).... 
Miridae, Notes on two ...... 
multipora*, Pseudodiaspis 

| a TRS AGS ah SR ac aatgeg ood » 


nigra, Eupteryx flavoscuta .. 
Paracalocoris (see marmora- 
tus). 
parvus, Unilachnus (ill.).... 
Phylloxera from California... 
Phylloxera (see stanfordiana, 
salicola). 
pini*,. Essigella (ill.) ........ 
foecilus, Camptobrochis 
Preparation of Hemiptera for 
thie: CRUE oes 
pruni*, Asiphonaphis ....... 
Pseudodiaspis, New species of 
quadricornis*, Tylocentrus 
(ill. ) 
rileyi*, Eulachnus (ill.)...... 
salicola, Phylloxera (ill.).... 
Staining of coccids 
standfordiana*, Phylloxera 
(ill. ) 
thunbergii*, Eulachnus (ill.). 


OL Oe OES Te: Be OS OO Ree. "e. 6 0 


6.6 010 0050 06 9.6) & O88 6 8-2 8 0 


194 
195 
246 


INDEX 


Tylocentrus from Arizona ... 217 
Unslachnas®. oa ae 5 
vanduset, Eupteryxs ......... 184 
vitium, Margarodes ......... 27 
HYMENOPTERA. 
Additions to New Jersey rec- 
OFOS Bie ee 278 
Anthophora (see smithii). 
Ants captured by gummy ex- 
udationes. Qe oar a ee 115 
auricomans*, Tachytes ...... 208 
Bees from Peru, A new ge- 
PAS OE, anes ee oan ee 17 
Bees of the genus Neocory- 
CIE SO ae ee 4I 


Bees of the Rocky Mountain 
National Park .3505 i age 
Capture of ants by gummy 


EXUGAHDNS 6650) S54 115 
Chalcid travels through black- 

DG ahs eer s oe Gene 250 
Chteroagas* celia 18 
chlorocion, Neocorynura .... 41 
coloradensis, Prosopis ...... 287 


Crabro (see montanus). 
cuprifrons, Neocorynura .... 41 


frontis, Nomdda’.. 0.0 ...008s 291 

glaucovirens*, Halictus ...... 290 

Halictine bees of the genus 
Neocorynura v2.65 ecceecee 41 


Halictus (see virgatellus, ni- 
gricallis, peralpinus, supra- 
nitens, glaucovirens, hud- 
soniellus, viridatulus). 

hirsutipennis*, Chlerogas .... 18 


hudsoniellus*, Halictus ..... 290 
kelloggi*, Melissodes ....... 293 
knabiana*, Neocorynura dis- 
Cole 3G ia es 41 
lignys, Neocorynura ........ 41 
Melissodes (see kelloggi). 
millsi*, Sphecodes .........5 288 
montanus, Crabro .........-. 114 


Neocorynura (see knabiana, 
chlorocion, cuprifrons, lig- 
nys). 


nigricallis, Halictus 
Vomada (see frontis, sicco- 
rum, sedae). 


Argynnis apacheana and Ed- 


INDEX 


. 288 


Parasites of Kermes ....... 255 
peralpinus*, Halictus ....... 289 
Phor (see Nomada). 
Prosopis (see coloradensis). 
Rocky Mountain National 
Park pees Of vcd. ee 286 
eeaae", NOMBGE 6 ies co SSoa8's 292 
siccorum*, Nomada (Phor). 291 
smithii, Anthophora . 293 
Sphecodes (see millsi). 
supranitens*, Halictus ...... 289 
Tachytes from Georgia, New 208 
viridatulus*, Halictus ....... 290 
virgatellus, Halictus ........ 288 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
Aberration of  Polygonia 
BVOGNE TAD naa is ok hse 112 
Additions to New Jersey rec- 
RAGE RON Sie’ rg pana 277 
amaranthella*, Coleophora .. 129 
Amastus from Argentina, 
POW ns olives ies 5 2 SRE 174 
~ Amaurogramma* ........... 261 
Anosia plexippus, Swarming 
RPS Oe 38 
Anurapteryx (see crenulata). 
apacheana, Argynnis ....... 156 
apicella*, Coleophora ....... 109 


ward’s plates of A. nokomis 156 


Argynnis from Utah, New 
NS rg Ck ska ak ese ess 
bassettella, Euclemensia (ill.) 
caeca, Callosamia promethea. 
Callosamia (see caeca). 
Catagramma (see horstii). 
Catocala minuta, Early stages 
of 


ee 


216 


gl 
58 


315 
Catocala obscura, Description 
of new variety Of i337 5..55% 196 
Catocala titania, Early stages 
and descriptions of new 
Varieties oi 77 ee2 see 14 
Catocala (see also eureka, 
distincta, obliterata). 
chromis*, Copaeodes ........ 100 
clemensella, Cosmopteryx ... 201 
cloacella, Tinea ......%. 251, 277 
Coleophora, Descriptions of 
HOWE al Bee eee 108 
Coleophora (see apicella, vi- 
burniella, cretaticostelia, 
polemoniella, ericoides, 


amaranthella, granifera). 


Collecting on Mt. Washington 48 
Copacodes, New species of.. 100 
Cosmopterygidae, Notes on, 
with descriptions of new 
genera and species ........ 260 
Cosmopteryx (see  clemen- 
sella). 
Costa Rican butterflies ...... 216 
crenulata*, Anurapteryx 245 
cretaticostella, Coleophora III 
Diacrisia virginica, Notes on Ig! 
distincta*, Catocala titania... 16 
Early stages of Catocala..14, 196 
Epipsilia monochromatea, 
Notes on the life history of 
CHE) os Seats ects eee 61 
ericoides*, Coleophora ...... 128 
Euclemensia  bassettella, the 
kermes parasite (ill.) ..... gI 
curcka*, Catocala minuta.... 16 
Eurema mexicana in Illinois, 
Occurrence: of ct as 228 
extensa*, Amaurogramma ... 262 
falcata*, Perimede ......... 263 
formosana*, Amastus ....... 174 
Fungi, Tinea bred from..... 251 


Geometrid from Arizona, New 245 
granifera*, Coleophora 130 


“ee @e 


3465. INDEX 


Gynandromorphic butterfly, 
An interesting: incense 247 
Haemactis, New species from 
South: America 4626.44.25 2. 169 
Hesperia syrichtus and mon- ; 
HUOGRE od ee ii 297 
horstii, Catagramma (ill.)... 182 


inconspicua, Perisama (ill.). 182 
Ithome (see unimaculella). 
Life history of Epipsilia mo- 


nochromatea (ill.) ....... 61 
martineae*, Polygonia progne 

HE ic eerie aaheeds bee 112 
metallifera, Psacaphora ..... 264 
mexicana, Eurema .......... 228 


Micropterygidae, Note on the 
wing-coupling apparatus in 168 


manute, CMOcHla 6a. ec 3 ks: 196 
monochromatea, Epipsilia (ill.) 61 
montivagus, Hesperia ....... 297 
Mt. Washington, A few hours 

OF aes teria Hees 48 
nokomis, Edward’s plates of 

ALONE CEE a 156 
obliterata*, Catocala minuta. 17 
obvia*, Catocala obscura..... 198 


Papilio (see turnus). 
Perimede (see falcata). 


Peribiond” ite es 261 
Perisama from South Amer- 
ita, N@W i. sees is a ee 181 
plexippus, Anosia .......... 38 
polemoniella*, Coleophora ... 127 
Polygonia progne, Aberra- 
fHionof (Hho eas oy 112 
Psacaphora (see metallifera). 
purpuriella*, Periploca ...... 2061 
pyrrhosphenus*. Haemactis 
CL ae ee es 169 
sinerubra*, Perisama (ill.).. 181 
Sugaring for moths ........ 208 
Swarming of the Monarch 
Buttery: 60.5 See 38 


syrichtus, Hesperia ......... 207 


Tinea cloacella bred from 

fUNBT: GREK Se Eee eee 
Htania, Catocde: <<< ..8% 
turnus, POpdio 2 50 a 
unimaculella, Ithome ....... 
utahensis*, Argynnis ........ 
viburniella, Coleophora ..... 
virginica, Diacrisia .. 6.26.65. 
Wing-coupling apparatus in 

the Micropterygidae ...... 


ODONATA. 
aarom, Neoneura ........... 
aberrans, Pseudostigma ..... 
accedens, Pseudostigma ..... 
Addition to New Jersey rec- 

OF ia PORTER ese a eee 
Aeshna (see cornigera). 
alcyone, Cora marina ....... 
alienum, Heteragrion ....... 
amasilt, Ana® ......5-:. pee 
Anax (see amasili). 
Anisoptera from Guatemala, 


31, 


Argia (see oculata, difficilis). 
bovilla, Metaleptobasis ...... 
Brechmorhoga (see vivax, 
pertinax, crocosema, mequi- 
unguis ). 
Cannaphila (see funerea). 
capitalis, Hetacrina ......... 
coerulatus, Megaloprepus 
Color pattern of Gomphus 
crassus, Variation in ...... 
Concord, Mass., Odonata of. 
cophysa, Trameéa. .... 0000055 
Cora (see alcyone). 
Cordulegaster dorsalis as an 
enemy of (FOUR iyo es 
cornigera, Aeshna ........-.. 
Coryphaeschna, Naiad of the 
*PONUS Hels Se as 


VODOE occ Cai gis 9 sie sie sits 


72 


105 


ee eee 


crassus, Gomphus 
diadophis, Erpetogomphus 

(ill. ) 
difficilis, Argta 
domitia, Perithemis 
dorsalis, Cordulegaster 
elongata, Gomphoides 


ee err erer ee eee ee ewe ee eee 


eoeoeeeeeweeeeee 


eee ese eee 


eeeee 


eeeees 


Epigomphus (see subobtusus). 


Erpetogomphus (see schausi, 
diadophis). 

Erythrodiplax (see umbrata, 
ochracea, fusca). 
ferruginea, Orthemis 
foliata, Libellula 
funerea, Cannaphila insularis 
fusca, Erythrodiplax connata 
Gomphoides (see elongata). 

Gomphus (see crassus). 
gracile, Acanthagrion 
gracilis, Gynacantha 
Gynacantha (see septima, gra- 
ctlis). 
herculea, Libellula .......... 
Hetaerina (see tricolor, titia, 
macropus, capitalis). 
hinei, Rhodopygia 
imbuta, Uracis 
inequiunguis, Brechmorhoga.. 
ingens, Coryphaeschna (ill.). 
tris, Perithemis domitta 
Lestes (see tenuatus). 
Libellula (see foliata, hercu- 
lea). ; 
macropus, Hetaerina 


eeeveese 


erereere ete eeee 


Mecistogaster (see modestus). 


Megaloprepus (see coerula- 
tus). 
Metaleptobasis (see bovilla). 


modestus, Mecistogaster .... 


INDEX 


42 


75 
73 
74 
106 


75 


161 


163 


317 


Naiad of the genus Coryph- 


GOSCRH RS ok ee 105 
Neoneura (see aaront). 
ochracea, Erythrodiplax ..... 74 
Cruinia, Arid fick ove oes 163 
Perithemis (see domitia, iris). 
pertinax, Brechmorhoga ..... 74 
pseudimitans, Macrothemis... 75 


Pseudostigma (see aberrans, 
accedens). 

Rhodopygia (see hinet). 

schausi*, Erpetogomphus (ill.) 33 


septima, Gynacantha ........ 37 
subobtusus, Epigomphus ..... 36 
Sympetrum (see virgula). 
$enUGIES, Testes... eee, 162 
titut Presaevinad §.... 62068 eis 160 
Tramea (see cophysa). 
. tricolor, Hetaerina .......... 160 
Trout, Cordulegaster dorsalis 
as an enemy of ...... 84 22 
umbrata, Erythrodiplax ..... 74 
Uracis (see imbuta). | 
Variation in color pattern of 
Gomphus crassus .....:... 204 
virgula, Sympetrum illotum.. 77 
vivax, Brechmorhoga ....... 74 


Zygoptera from Guatemala.. 160 


ORTHOPTERA. 
Cavotettix, Remarks on .... 78 
Neotettix (see proavus, nulli- 

sinus). 
nullisinus, Neotettix ....... 81 


Phylogeny of the Orthoptera 42 

(ill. ) 64 
proavus, Neotettix 79 
Seventeen year grasshoppers 113 


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