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ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


VOLUME  XXXVII,'  1926  -  /  <f  2. 7 


JAMES  RIDINGS 
1803-1880 

PHILIP  P.  CALVERT,  PH.D.,  Editor 
E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR.,  Associate  Editor 


HENRY  SKINNER,  M.D.,  Sc.D.,  Editor  Emeritus 


ADVISORY  COMMITTEE  : 

EZRA  T.  CRESSON  J.  A.  G.  REHN 

PHILIP  LAURENT  H.  W.  WENZEL 


PUBLISHED  BY 
THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.: 

THE  ACADEMY   OF   NATURAL  SCIENCES 
LOGAN  SQUARE 

1926 


The  'several  numbers  of  the  NEWS  for  1926  were  mailed  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  as  follows: 

No.  1— January  January  7,  1926 

"  2— February January  29 

'•  3 — March  March  4 

"  4-April April  1 

"  5— May  April  29 

"  6— June June  4 

"  7— July June  29 

"  8— October October  15 

"  9 — November Novembers 

The  date  of  mailing  the  December,  1926,  number  will  be  announced 
on  the  last  page  of  the  issue  for  January,  1927. 


.BY,  1926 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXXVII 


No.  1 


JAMBS  RIDINGS 
1803-1880 


CONTENTS 

(Junder — Several  New  Aberrant  Lepidoptera  (Rhopalocera)     . 
Knight— Descriptions  of  Four  New  Species  of  Plagiognathus  from   the 

Eastern  United  States  (Hem.,  Miridae) 
McAtee-  Notes  on  Nearctic  Hemiptera 
A  Collecting  Trip  for  South  American  Lepidoptera  . 
Editorial — A  Suggestion  for  Subject  Indexes 
Prof.  Strand's  Bibliographical  Entomological  Dictionary 
Weiss— A  Few  Additions  to  the  Diptera  of  New  Jersey. 
Personal  Mention  . 
Entomological  Literature 
Snodgrass— Review  of  Dytiscus  Marginalis 
;  Obituary— Henry  W.  Wenzel 

Franz  Friedrich  Kohl 

Dr.  Walter  David  Hunter 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  fit  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  preset  bed  for  in  Sf;ctw»«. 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  autha'iied  January  15,  ic>ai 


9 

17 

is 

19 

42 

n 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and   September,  by   The  American 
Entomological  Society. 

Philip    P.    Calvert,    Ph.D.,    Editor;    E.    T.    Cresson,    Jr.,    Associate 
Editor ;   Henry  Skinner,   M.D.,  Sc.D.,  Editor  Emeritus. 

Advisory   Committee :    "Ezra  T.   Cresson,   Philip   Laurent,   J.   A.   G, 
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STATED  MEETINGS 

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The  printer  of  the  NEWS  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  I. 


\     f 


13c 


I3b 


13 


13a 


NEW     ABERRANT     RHOPALOCERA-GUNDER. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XXXVII  JANUARY,   1926  No.  1 

Several  New  Aberrant  Lepidoptera  (Rhopalocera). 

l!y    I.   I).  (irxi)KR,   Pasadena,  California. 

(Plate    I.) 

1  understand  that  several  well  known  collectors  will  soon 
publish  descriptions  of  their  aberrant  butterflies.  Lepidopterists 
will  be  interested  to  know  just  what  some  of  these  primal  forms 
in  the  rarer  species  look  like  and  to  note  how  their  lineage  is 
portrayed  by  the  character  of  their  change.  For  example,  com- 
pare the  aberrant  secondaries  of  Fig-.  /  with  those  of  Fig.  8 
on  Plate  I.  These  are  closely  related  Melitacas.  The  allied 
/•'itp/iydryus  group  rarely  have  this  type  of  maculation  contour. 
The  secondaries  of  the  above  compared  specimens  represent 
the  style  of  their  aberrants  which  is  furthest  possible  from  nor- 
mal. It  is  well  known  that  aberrations  run  from  a  degree  near 
normal  to  a  fixed  amount  furthest  possible  from  normal.  This 
fixed  amount  does  not  necessarily  mean  totally  melanism  nor 

->  J 

completely  without  color  maculation.  Each  genus  has  a  fixed 
maculation  beyond  which  its  aberrants  do  not  go.  Fig.  1  shows 
the  final  stage  of  that  butterfly.  I  believe  Fig.  7  represents  the 
limit  of  aberrancy  in  its  species.  Intermediate  degrees  of  aber- 
rant variation  can  be  named  provided  each  step  is  obvious  and 
does  not  encroach  on  the  other.  Of  course  slight  variation  be- 
tween degrees  should  never  be  named.  An  attempt  has  been 
made  in  this  paper,  in  conjunction  with  the  descriptions,  to  state 
or  fix  the  aberrant  degree  of  each  specimen  named.  It  is  hoped 
that  this  will  help  to  establish  rank  and  order  among  future 
specimens  as  they  are  described. 

It  selected  aberrations  of  all  species  in  a  genus  could  be 
placed  side  by  side,  it  would  perhaps  prove  or  disprove'  gvneric 
placing  and  certainly  rearrange  the  order  of  the  species  in 
some  genera.  As  yet,  too  few  aberrations  have'  been  described 
and,  what  makes  the  task  more  difficult  is  that,  too  few  have 


2  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '"26 

been  figured  in  conjunction  with  their  descriptions.  An  old 
Chinese  saying  goes — "One  look  is  worth  a  thousand  words." 
Authors  contemplating  describing  their  aberrations  might  do 
well  to  remember  this  proverb.  Clear  black  and  white  cuts 
are  good. 

The   specimens   on   this  -plate   are   slightly   reduced    in    size. 
Their  colors  are  normal. 

1.  Euphydryas,  nubigena    Behr.,  var.   beani    Skin     (half- 
fig,  la),  ab.  c?  blackmorei  nov.  aberr.  (fig.  1). 

Upper  side.  Primaries :  entirely  black,  excepting  row  of  red 
normal  spots  at  outer  margin  and  mere  traces  of  several  white 
spots  remaining  from  second  row  following ;  two  red  cell  spots 
conspicuous.  Secondaries :  black  as  in  primaries  with  marginal 
row  of  red  spots  followed  by  row  of  four  smaller  red  spots ;  no 
white  maculation :  single  small  red  spot  at  end  of  cell. 

Under  side.  Primaries :  band  of  red  at  outer  margin ;  fol- 
lowed by  a  band  of  black  of  equal  width ;  followed  by  a  parallel 
row  of  five  white  spots  in  red  fused  over  with  black,  all  midway 
between  costal  and  inner  margins  ;  darker  black  basal  and  cell 
areas  with  outstanding  red  cell  spots.  Secondaries :  maculation 
of  outer  half  somewhat  normal  with  more  black  suffusion 
through  the  cell  and  basal  areas. 

Aberrant  grade  and  decree:  melanic  ;  final,   (fully  melanic). 

Data:  Holotype  c?,  (Author's  Coll.),  Mt.  Cheam,  British 
Columbia,  Canada.  August  3,  1903.  Expanse :  45  mm. 

Mr.  E.  H.  Blackmore,  Victoria,  B.  C.,  Canada  deserves  to 
have  this  wonderful  little  black  aberration  named  after  him. 

2.  Melitaea  pola  Bdv.,  var.  arachne  Edw.    (half-fig.  2a), 
ab.  c?  polingi  nov.  aberr.  (fig.  2). 

Differs  from  typical  specimens  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
primaries  in  having  a  broad  black  band  extending  from  the 
costal  to  the  inner  margin.  The  exterior  margin  of  this  band 
follows  the  contour  and  includes  that  third  row  of  black  ex- 
curved  line  maculation  typically  found  on  normal  specimens. 
Its  interior  margin  starts  near  the  base  on  the  inner  margin  ex- 
tending up  and  around  the  cell  to  the  costal  margin,  the  inter- 
ruption of  the  cell  causing  the  band  to  be  narrow  near  this  part. 
(  ^i  the  under  side,  this  band  is  represented  by  a  series  of  ir- 
regular interspace  black  spots  across  the  wing.  The  secondaries 
are  normal  on  both  upper  and  under  sides. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:  melanic;  first,  (primaries  black 
banded). 

Data:  Holotype  c?,  Expanse:  33  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.), 
White  Alts.  Arizona,  August,  1925. 

Named  for  Mr.  O.  C.  Poling,  Laguna  Beach,  California. 

3.  Melitaea  wrighti   Erhv.    (half-fig.  3a),  ab.  <3  carolynae 
nov.  aberr.   (fig.  3). 

Upper  side.  Primaries :  black  and  red  ground  color  in  un- 
changed position ;  conspicuous  for  lack  of  all  white  maculation 
which  becomes  black,  excepting  that  of  first  row  near  outer 
margin  which  remains  only  as  white  dots,  entirely  unrimmed  by 
black.  Secondaries :  ground  color  entirely  jet  black  ;  remains  of 
four  smaller  white  spots  left  midway  from  first  row  normally 
found  at  outer  margin. 

Under  side.  Primaries :  basal  and  discal  areas  red,  lacking  all 
white  maculation ;  single  row  of  indistinct  submarginal  white 
spots  in  red  through  limbal  area  entirely  lacking  those  ex- 
terior black  borders  found  in  normal  specimens ;  heavier  black 
along  costal  and  inner  margins,  being  more  pronounced  at  both 
outer  angles.  Secondaries :  all  margins  deeply  bordered  with 
black,  leaving  central  disk  area  only,  streaked  through  inter- 
spaces with  white ;  mere  black  line  marking  position  of  former 
transverse  white  spotted  black  band ;  several  small  white  marks 
at  extreme  base. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:  melanic;  final?,  (secondaries 
final). 

Data:  Holotype  c?,  Expanse  36mm.,  (Author's  Coll.),  Mint 
Canyon,  Los  Angeles  County,  California,  Alay  5,  1925. 

I  take  pleasure  in  naming  this  exquisite  little  wighti  aberra- 
tion in  honor  of  Dr.  Carolyn  Comstock  of  Los  Angeles,  Cali- 
fornia. 

4.  Euphydryas  rubicunda  Hy.  Edw.   (half-fig.  4a),  ab.  d 
albiradiata  nov.  aberr.  (fig.  4). 

Upper  side.  P>asal  and  cell  areas  of  primaries  and  second- 
aries more  darkly  marked ;  immediately  beyond  these  darker 
areas  are  white  rays  extending  through  interspaces  to  original 
submarginal  row  of  white  spots,  an  extra  row  of  fused  white 
spots  not  found  on  normal  specimens,  is  hen-  noticeable  nearer 
the  apex  on  the  primaries;  the  white  rays  are  not  so  noticeable 


4  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '26 

on  the  secondaries  and  do  not  extend  out  to  the  row  of  white 
spots. 

Under  side.  Same  changed  condition  prevails  with  white  rays 
more  pronounced. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:     albinic  ;  first,  (white-rayed). 

Data:  Holotype  c?,  Expanse  38  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.),  Loyal- 
ton,  Sierra  County,  California,  July  19,  1922. 

Note:  Similar  to  Dr.  J.  A.  Comstock's  ab.  umbrabasana  of 
En  ph.  sierra  Wright. 

5.  Euphydryas  perdiccas  Ed\v.  (half-fig.  5a),  ab.  c?  nigri- 
supernipennis  nov.  aberr.  (fig.  5). 

Upper  side.  Primaries :  entirely  black,  except  for  normal  red 
border  at  outer  margin  and  two  red  cell  spots  which  remain  as 
in  typical  specimens.  Secondaries :  outer  row  of  white  spots 
partly  suffused  with  black,  otherwise  normal. 

Under  Side.  Primaries  :  outer  row  of  white  maculation  some- 
what reduced  and  white  streaks  at  end  of1  cell  absent,  otherwise 
red  and  black  as  usual.  Secondaries :  slight  black  suffusion  over 
submarginal  lunate  spots,  otherwise  normal. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:   melanic  ;  first,  (primaries  final). 
Data:   Holotype  c?,  Expanse  40  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.),  Chil- 
cotin,  British  Columbia,  Canada,  July  17,  1915. 

6.  Euphydryas  taylori  Edw.  (half-fig.  6a),  ab.  ?  victoriae 
nov.  aberr.  ( fig.  6). 

Upper  side.  Primaries :  outer  marginal  row  of  red  spots 
normal;  followed  by  a  band  of  black  of  equal  width;  followed 
by  a  full  series  of  white  streaks  completely  filling"  interspaces 
to  cell  and  outer  basal  line  just  below  cell,  black  veining  pro- 
nounced, these  white  interspaces  cut  midway  transversely  by  a 
thick  black  line ;  base  and  cell  area  black,  except  for  the  two 
normal  red  cell  spots.  Secondaries  :  base  and  cell  area  dark  with 
no  white  marks;  outer  half  maculation  somewhat  suffused, 
left  wing  more  darkly  suffused. 

Under  side.  Base  and  cell  areas  as  on  tipper  side ;  both  wings 
broadly  streaked  with  white  through  interspaces  as  on  upper 
side  primaries,  these  interspaces  cut  midway  by  a  narrow  band 
of  faint  red  edged  with  black;  row  of  red  spots  at  outer  margin 
normal,  but  black  band  following"  becomes  a  black  line. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:    albinic;  first,  (white  streaked). 


XXXVJi.     '26 1  KXTOMOLi  KilCAI.     NFWS 

Data:  Holotype  ?,  Expanse  39  mm.,  ( Author's  Coll.),  Vic- 
toria, British  Columbia,  Canada,  April  4,  1921. 

Note:  This  aberration  closely  resembles  ab.  fieldi  of  Eupli. 
editlia.  It  helps  ])rove  that  edltlui  and  taylori  are  correctly 
placed  in  our  Check  Lists. 

7.  Melitaea  acastus  Ed\v.  (  half-fig-.  7a),  ab.  ?  pearlae  n<>v. 
aberr.  (  fig.  7). 

Upper  side.  Primaries:  fine  submarginal  black  line  found  in 
normal  specimens  here  becomes  quite  broad  at  apex  tapering 
off  at  inner  angle  ;  followed  by  a  very  wide  immaculate  area  of 
yellow-brown,  only  cut  by  thin  black  veining  lines  through  limbal 
and  discal  areas,  to  cell  and  basal  areas  which  areas  remain 
normal ;  a  semblance  of  lighter  yellow  shading  marking  position 
of  former  second  row  of  darker  yellow  roundish  spots  ;  small 
pointed  black  area  extending  down  from  costal  margin  between 
terminals  of  subcostal  nervule  3  and  4  to  upper  radial.  Sec- 
ondaries: black  line  at  base  of  fringes  normal  :  fine  subma-i'-'iv'l 
black  line  lacking,  being  replaced  by  a  narrow  band  of  yellow 
cut  by  veins;  followed  by  a  wider  band  of  black;  followed  by 
a  series  of  roundish  yellow  spots  which  correspond  in  shape 
and  location  to  those  normally  found  in  the  second  row;  entirely 
black  from  here  on  through  the  discal  and  basal  areas,  except- 
ing for  a  reniform  yellow  spot  at  extremity  of  cell  which  spot  is 
slightly  larger  on  normal  specimens. 

Under  side:  Primaries:  as  on  upper  side,  excepting  no 
pointed  black  area  on  costal  margin;  central  area  shading  to 
white  near  submarginal  black  line  and  shading  to  clear  yellow 
through  cell  and  base  which  lack  usual  variegated  markings. 
Secondaries:  outer  bands  of  yellow  and  black  as  on  upper  side; 
fi>l lowed  by  a  very  broad  band  of  white  to  cell  and  basal  areas 
which  are  checkered  yellow  and  black,  the  yellow  being  in  nor- 
mal position,  while  that  of  the  black  occupies  all  former  white 
locat'ons. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:     melanic  :  final. 

Data:  Holotype  ?,  Expanse  40  mm..  (Author's  Coll.),  Casa 
Diablo  Hills,  Mono  County,  California,  June  23.  1«>25.  Para- 
type  1-?.  (Geo.  Malcolm  Coll.).  same  locality  June  24  1921 

Xamed  for  Mrs.  Pearl  .Malcolm  who  with  her  son,  Ceo.  Mal- 
colm, have  found  so  much  new  butterfly  material  in  the  high 
Sierra  Mountains. 


6  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '26 

Note:  The  paratype  is  identical  in  design  and  marking  with 
the  type. 

8.  Melitaea  palla  Bdv.  (half-fig.  8a),  ab.  ?  blackmorei 
nov.  aberr.  (fig.  8). 

Upper  side.  Primaries:  red-brown  spots  at  outer  margin 
slightly  wider,  otherwise  normal;  followed  by  a  sinuated  band 
of  black  replacing  original  submarginal  row  of  lunate  yellow 
spots;  followed  by  a  complete  series  of  rather  larger  reddish- 
yellow  spots  which  become  clearer  yellow  at  costal  margin; 
followed  by  a  similar  row  whose  spots  opposite  cell  are 
elongated ;  base  and  cell  areas  broadly  suffused  with  black,  only 
deeper  reddish  maculation  remaining.  Secondaries :  black  and 
red-brown  only  with  no  intermediate  yellow  shades ;  border  at 
outer  margin  as  in  primaries;  row  of  five  red-brown  spots  from 
anal  angle  reaching  up  to  upper  radial,  repeating  those  darkest 
red  spots  found  on  normal  specimens ;  single  red-brown  spot 
at  extremity  of  cell  as  in  normal  specimens. 

Under  side.  Both  wings  quite  aberrant.  Outer  red  margins 
wider;  immediately  followed  by  a  complete  series  of  intense 
black  lunate  spots  replacing  and  repeating  the  white  ones  of 
normal  specimens ;  immediately  followed  by  a  broad  white 
central  band,  slightly  red  clouded,  more  so  on  primaries,  to  an 
outer  thin  black  base  line;  base  and  cell  areas  uniform  red- 
brown,  except  for  a  small  irregular  black  spot  at  extremity  of 
cell  on  primaries  and  on  secondaries  four  black  spots  replacing 
and  duplicating  the  white  spots  found  there  on  regular  speci- 
mens. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:   melanic;  ?,  (secondaries  final). 

Data:  Holotype  ?,  Expanse  43  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.),  Lytton, 
British  Columbia,  Canada,  July  4,  1922. 

Named  for  Mr.  E.  H.  Blackmore,  Victoria,  British  Columbia, 
Canada. 

Note:  Melitaea  palla,  ab.  c?  -icardi  Obthr.  lias  been  nicely 
illustrated  on  both  upper  and  under  sides.  The  specimen  is  only 
slightly  aberrant  (possibly  a  melanic  first  degree  only)  com- 
pared with  the  one  above  described.  It  lacks  a  few  transverse 
lines  on  upper  side  primaries  and  has  a  black  band  across  disk- 
on  secondaries.  I  believe  a  study  of  this  specimen,  now  in  the 
I>arnes  Collection,  will  place  it  as  an  aberrant  of  whititcyi  Bi-hr. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  7 

9.  Brenthis  epithore  Bdv.  (half-fig.  9a),  al).  V  obscuri- 
pennis  nov.  abcrr.  (fig.  9). 

Upper  side.  Primaries :  entirely  fogged  over  with  dark  shad- 
ing, obscuring  and  submerging  maculatinn,  especially  on  tin- 
inner  half  with  cell  quite  dense  where  only  a  single  yellow-brown 
spot  shows  ;  normal  row  of  round  black  spots  indistinctly  visible. 
Secondaries  :  outer  half  normal ;  confused  yellow-brown  macula- 
tion  of  inner  half  externally  edged  by  black  shading  which  ex- 
tends also  along  the  costal  margin,  basal  area  quite  dark. 

Under  side.  Primaries:  outer  half  confused  yellow-brown 
only,  shading  to  bluish  near  apex;  inner  half  a  yellow-brown 
submerging  black  macnlation,  basal  area  intense  black.  Sec- 
ondaries: outer  half  normal,  but  faded  in  color;  inner  half 
red-brown  and  yellow-brown  duplicating  upper  side  maculation. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:  melanic ;  unknown,  (well 
clouded  over). 

Data:  Holotype  ?,  Expanse  44  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.),  Chil- 
colin,  British  Columbia,  Canada,  May  30,  1915. 

Mote:  ab.  Mi^'onae  lacks  row  of  round  black  spots  of  sec- 
ondaries, with  those  on  primaries  obsolete.  It  has  no  melanic 
shading. 

1(J.  Brenthis  myrina  Cram,  (half-fig.  lOa),  ab.  c?  serrati- 
marginata  nov.  aberr.  (fig.  10). 

Upper  side.  Primaries :  normal,  except  at  outer  margin 
which  is  black,  lacking  submarginal  row  of  small  yellow  dots, 
also  the  maculation  is  somewhat  less  heavy  over  the  entire  wing. 
Secondaries  :  margin  black  with  row  of  yellow  spots  obsolete,  it^ 
interior  edge  joins  through  the  interspaces  with  the  row  of 
round  black  spots  giving  the  entire  black  outer  margin  a  ser- 
rated appearance;  less  maculation  towards  base  with  bn^al 
area  well  suffused  with  black. 

Under  side.  Primaries;:  normal.  Secondaries:  marginal 
dark  markings  connected  as  on  upper  side;  basal  area  entirely 
silvered. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:  melanic;  first,  (marginal  black- 
spotting  joined). 

Data:  Holotype  c?,  Expanse  36  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.).  Yer- 
non,  British  Columbia,  Canada.  August  12,  1904. 

Note:  This  specimen  is  slightly  rubbed,  but  in  it  enough  to 
hinder  a  first  degree  aberrant  description. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,    '26 

11.  Heodes  cupreus  Ethv.  (half-fig.  Ha),  ab.  V  maculinita 
nov.  aberr.   (fig.  11). 

Similar  to  ab.  fasciata  Stkr.  of  Heodes  hypophlaeas  in  having 
the  black  spots  elongated  inwardly  through  their  interspaces. 
This  tendency  has  always  been  more  noticeable  on  the  primaries. 
Seldom  is  the  maculation  of  the  under  side  affected. 

Aberrant  grade  and  decree:  melanic ;  first,  (black  spots 
elongated). 

Data:  Holotype  ?,  Expanse  28  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.),  Mam- 
moth, Mono  County,  California,  July  12,  1920.  Paratype  1-?, 
(Geo.  Malcolm  Coll.),  same  date  and  place. 

Note:  An  aberrant  cupreus  has  been  taken  at  Mammoth 
which  is  identical  with  hypophlaeas.  I  believe  it  only  suggests 
an  atavistic  tendency  towards  the  parent  Eastern  race  and  that 
hypophlaeas  cannot  be  therefore  recorded  from  the  \Yest. 
However,  it  proves  the  necessity  of  noting  aberrants  in  order 
that  ancestry  may  be  tentatively  traced. 

12.  Plebeius  icarioides  Bdv.   (side-fig.   12a).  ab.  J1  spini- 
maculata  nov.  aberr.  (side-fig.  12). 

Upper  side.    Normal. 

Under  side.  Primaries :  inner  row  of  black  spots  elongated 
through  their  interspaces  towards  base  ;  starting  with  an  abrupt 
outside  bottom  edge,  as  formed  by  their  original  shape,  they 
taper  inward  to  sharp  points,  as  defined  by  their  respective  in- 
terspaces ;  they  appear  thornlike  or  spinelike  in  shape.  Sec- 
ondaries :  normal. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:  melanic;  first,  (black  spots 
elongated). 

Data:  Holotype  c?.  Expanse  30  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.),  Delta, 
Trinity  County,  California,  May  22,  1925. 

Note:  icarioides  from  Northern  California  appear  to  have 
a  whiter  ground  color  than  those  from  the  South.  This  speci- 
men was  taken  by  Mr.  Sternitzky  of  San  Francisco. 

13.  Parnassius  clodius  Men.,  var.  baldur  Edw.    (part-fig. 
13a),  ab.  <$  binigrimaculella  nov.  aberr.  (fig.  13). 

Primaries:    Normal  as  in  typical  baldnr. 

Secondaries:   two  spots  black,  smaller  and  with  no  red  centers 


xxxvii,   '26 1  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NKWS  9 

showing'  on  either  tipper  or  under  sides.  \Yhat  ub.  )ii^t  r  \\  right 
is  to  siniiit/icus,  so  is  this  aberration  to  c/odiiis.  Fig.  13d  shows 
Wright's  ab.  niger  of  suiinthcits. 

Aberrant  ^rudc  (tin!  decree:  albinic  ;  first,  (black  spots  with- 
out red  ) . 

Data:  Holotype  <$,  Expanse  59  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.),  Gold 
Lake,  Sierra  County,  California,  July  14,  1922. 

Xotc:  Order  in  degrees  of  aberrancy  is  nicely  shown  as 
follows : 

Fig.   13a  is  typical  clodius  baldur. 

Kig.  13  is  above  described  specimen;  1st  degree. 

Fig.  13b  is  ab.  immaculata  Skin.,  secondaries  without  spots; 
2nd  degree. 

Fig.  13c  is  ab.  lorqulni  Oberth.,  lacking  the  second  black 
band  on  primaries ;  3rd  degree. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PL-ATE  I. 

The  numbers  of  the  figures  on  this  plate  correspond  to  the 
numbers  placed  in  front  of  the  species  in  the  text. 


Descriptions  of  Four  New  Species  of  Plagiognathus 
from  the  Eastern  United  States  (Hem.,  Miridae).* 

By  HARRY  H.  KNIGHT,  Ames,  Iowa. 
Plagiognathus  atricornis  new  species. 

Color  aspect  of  chrysanthcmi  Wolff,  but  distinguished  by 
the  pale  pubescence  and  black  antennae. 

c?.  Length  3.5  mm.,  width  1.2  mm.  Head:  width  .77  mm.. 
vertex  .27  mm.;  eyes  prominent,  black.  Rostrum,  length  1.17 
mm.,  just  attaining  posterior  margins  of  intermediate  coxae. 
greenish  yellow,  apex  black.  Antennae:  segment  1,  length  .24 
mm.;  IT,  1.07  mm.;  Ill,  broken;  uniformly  black,  narrow  tip 
of  segment  I  pale.  Pronotum  :  length  .54  mm.;  width  at  base 
1.03  mm. 

Color  pale  greenish  testaceous,  pronotum  distinctly  green. 
calli  yellowish;  hemelytra  somewhat  translucent,  membrane  and 
veins  uniformly  pale  fumate,  anal  area  slightly  darker  border- 
ing vein,  a  small  whitish  opaque  spot  lying  just  outside  apex 
of  larger  areole.  Clothed  with  simple,  pale  yellowish  puhe- 

*  Contributions  from  the  Department  of  Zoology  and  Entornoln 
Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 


10  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jail.,   '26 

cence,  embolar  margins  and  lateral  margins  of  pronotum  set 
with  dusky  to  fuscous  pubescence.  Leg's  pale,  femora  and 
tibiae  with  black  spots  nearly  identical  witii  chrysanthemi, 
pubescence  pale  yellowish,  tibial  spines  black. 

?.  Length  3.4  mm.,  width  1.34  mm.  Head:  width  .67  mm., 
vertex  .31  mm.  Antennae:  segment  T,  length  .24  mm.:  II, 
1  mm.;  Ill,  .66  mm.;  IV,  .34  mm.  !;<>rm  and  coloration  simi- 
lar to  the  male. 

Holotypc:  <3.  July  26,  1918,  Point  Trevioton,  Pennsylvania 
(J.  G.  Sanders)  ;  author's  collection.  .-Illotypc:  same  data  as 
type.  Paratypc:  ?.  taken  with  type. 

Plagiognathus  carinatus  n.  sp. 

Suggestive  of  annuhitns  L'hler  but  with  rostrum  shorter, 
also  the  yellowish  femora  somewhat  obscured  with  fuscous  on 
apical  half  yet  not  forming  a  distinct  line  above  and  below ; 
left  genital  clasper  with  dorsal  angle  distinctively  carinated 
along  anterior  margin. 

3.  Length  4.2  mm.,  width  1.7  mm.  Head:  width  .79  mm., 
vertex  .31  mm.;  black,  vertex  yellowish.  Rostrum,  length  1.28 
mm.,  just  attaining  posterior  margins  of  intermediate  coxae, 
black,  segments  two  and  three  sometimes  brownish.  Antennae : 
segment  I,  length  .27  mm.,  black,  narrow  apex  pale;  II,  1.11 
mm.,  brownish  to  black,  black  at  base;  III,  .74  mm.;  IV,  .37 
mm. ;  last  two  segments  yellowish  to  dusky.  Pronotum  :  length 
.64  mm.,  width  at  base  1.28  mm. 

General  coloration  dark  brownish  black,  base  of  cuneus 
somewhat  translucent  but  not  distinctly  pale  ;  femora  pale  to  yel- 
lowish and  provided  with  a  double  row  of  black  spots  on  anterior 
face  nearly  as  in  anniilatus  Uhler,  but  hind  femora  obscured 
with  dusky  on  apical  half,  with  a  subapical  black  spot  above 
although  never  forming  a  distinct  black  line  above  and  below. 
Dorsum  clothed  with  simple,  golden  yellow  pubescence,  nearly 
as  in  anmtlatus.  Left  genital  clasper  distinctive,  the  dorsal 
angle  being  deeply  impressed  and  distinctly  carinated  along 
anterior  margin,  terminating  above  in  a  rather  blunt  point, 
before  which  arises  a  single,  rather  long  bristle-like  hair. 

$.  Length  3.8mm.,  width  1.57  mm.  Head:  width  .74mm.. 
vertex  .34  mm.;  antennal  segment  II,  length  .97  mm.  Very 
similar  to  the  male  in  pubescence  and  coloration  although 
antennal  segment  II  more  yellowish  in  middle. 

Holotypc:  <$  June  2,  1917,  Dewitt,  Virginia  (H.  IT.  Knight)  ; 
author's  collection.  Allot  yj^c:  same  data  as  the  type.  Para- 


xxxvii,   '26]  ENTOMOI.OC.ICAI.   \K\VS  11 

types:  10  <$  5  $,  taken  with  types  mi  persimmon  1 1 iiospvras 
virginiaiui)  where  the  species  was  evidently  breeding.  1'ara- 
types  deposited  in  Cornell  rniversity  collection  and  Iowa  State 
College  collection. 

In  my  key  to  the  species  of  Plagiognathus  in  the  "1  Ic-miptera 
of  Connecticut,"  carinntiis  runs  to  rcpclifus  Knight,  from 
which  it  may  he  separated  by  the  double  row  of  prominent 
black  spots  on  anterior  face  of  hind  femora,  also  by  the  larger 
size.  Some  specimens  of  carinatus  have  antennal  segment  IT 
more  yellowish  than  black,  and  such  individuals  will  run  to 
punctatipes  Knight,  in  my  key  to  the  species  of  Flagiognathns. 
These  species  may  then  be  separated  by  the  relative  length  of 
antennal  segments  as  compared  with  the  haul.  In  the  male 
of  carinatus  the  lengtb  of  antennal  segment  II  is  equal  to  the 
width  of  head  across  eyes  plus  the  width  of  vertex,  while  in 
the  male  of  piinciatipcs  the  length  of  segment  II  is  distinctly 
less  than  width  of  head  plus  width  of  vertex.  In  the  female 
carinatns  the  length  of  antennal  segment  II  is  greater  than 
width  of  head  across  eyes  plus  the  dorsal  width  of  an  eye, 
while  in  the  female  pwnctatipes  the  length  of  segment  II  is 
less  than  width  of  head  plus  dorsal  width  of  an  eye. 

Plagiognathus  dispar  Knigbt. 

This  species  was  originally  described  as  a  variety  of  puncia- 
tipcs  Knight,  but  more  recent  examination  of  the  genital 
characters  under  the  high  power  binocular  microscope  reveals 
a  distinct  difference  in  structure  of  the  left  genital  clasper. 
In  punctatipes  the  dorsal  projection  of  the  left  clasper  takes 
the  form  of  an  incurved  acuminate  claw,  while  in  dispar  the 
dorsal  angle  of  left  clasper  is  distinctly  impressed  and  w'lh 
anterior  margin  carinate  much  as  in  carinatus. 

Plagiognathus  inopinus  n.  sp. 

This  species  runs  to  punctatipcs  and  dispar  in  my  key  to  tin- 
species  of  Plagiognathus  in  the  "Hemiptera  of  Connecticut." 
but  differs  from  both  in  that  antennal  segment  11  is  equal  to 
(?),  or  greater  than  (c?)  width  of  pronotum  at  base. 

cT.  Length  4  mm.,  width  1.4  mm.  llead:  width  .77  mm., 
vertex  .34  mm.  Rostrum,  length  1.6  mm.,  reaching  upon 
middle  of  posterior  coxae,  yellow,  basal  and  apical  segments 
becoming  fuscous.  Antennae:  segment  1.  length  .Jd  mm., 


12  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |Jail.,    '26 

black,  apex  slenderly  pale ;  II.  1.26  mm.,  yellow,  narrowly 
dusky  or  fuscous  at  base;  III,  .80  mm.,  yellowish  to  dusky: 
IV,  .43  mm.,  dusky.  Pronotum :  length  .60  mm.,  width  at 
base  1.17  mm. 

Dark  brownish  black,  moderately  shining,  clothed  with 
simple,  yellowish  pubescence  ;  base  of  vertex  pale  to  yellowish, 
lateral  margins  of  mesoscutum  yellowish,  cuneus  narrowly  pale 
at  inner  basal  angle,  the  extreme  apex  of  embolium  also  pale ; 
membrane  fuscous,  somewhat  paler  on  middle,  veins  and  bor- 
dering apex  of  cuneus  pale.  Legs  pale  yellowish,  femora  with 
black  spots  similar  to  dispar  but  the  tibia  with  much  more 
prominent  black  spots  at  base  of  spines. 

5.  Length  3.8  mm.,  width  1.4  mm.  Head:  width  .71  mm., 
vertex  .36  mm.  Antennae :  segment  I,  length  .24  mm. ;  II, 
1.11  mm.,  yellow,  narrowly  fuscous  at  base;  III,  .66  mm.;  IV, 
.40  mm.  Pronotum:  length  .57  mm.,  width  at  base  1.11  mm. 
Very  similar  to  the  male  in  pubescence  and  coloration. 

Holotype:  <$  June  27,  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  (Cham- 
plain),  on  Sycamore;  author's  collection.  Allotypc:  same  data 
as  type.  Paratype:  d1,  taken  with  the  types. 

Plagiognathus  intrusus  new  species. 

In  my  key  this  species  runs  to  politus  Uhler,  but  differs  in 
the  shorter  rostrum  and  larger  size ;  size  and  coloration  sug- 
gestive of  anmilatus  LThler,  but  differs  distinctly  in  the  short 
rostrum. 

c?.  Length  4.75  mm.,  width  1.7  mm.  Head:  width  .86  mm., 
vertex  .40  mm.  Rostrum,  length  1.31  mm.,  barely  extending 
over  posterior  margin  of  sternum  or  to  middle  of  intermediate 
coxae,  blackish,  segment  three  and  apex  of  two  yellowish. 
Antennae :  segment  I,  length  .39  mm.,  black,  .extreme  apex 
pale;  II,  1.42  mm.,  black;  III,  1.12  mm.,  yellowish  to  fuscous; 
IV,  .63  mm.,  fuscous.  Pronotum  :  length  .68  mm.,  width  at 
base  1.38  mm. 

General  coloration  nearly  as  in  politits  Uhler,  but  the 
pubescence  yellowish;  size  and  form  very  near  that  of  uinut- 
Id t us  Uhler,  but  differs  in  the  short  rostrum  and  black  femora. 

Holotypc:  <S  July  31,  1920,  Cranberry  Lake,  New  York  (C. 
J.  Drake)  ;  author's  collection.  Paratypcs:  2<3,  ?,  July  3.  1904, 
McLean,  New  York  (Cornell  University  Collection)  ;  these 

specimens  somewhat  teneral. 


XXXvii,     '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XE\\  .-  13 

Notes  on  Nearctic  Hemiptera. 

By  W.  L.  MC.ATEE,  I'.  S.  P>i< (logical  Survey.  \Vashington,  I).  C. 

The  following  notes  comprise  extensions  of  knowledge  of  ih  • 
range,  and  other  interesting  data  relating  to  a  variety  of 
nearctic  Heteroptera  and  Homoptera.  They  result  from  mis- 
cellaneous work  on  the  collection  of  the  I/.  S.  Xational  Museum 
but  do  not  imply  a  systematic  inspection  of  the  collection  for 
other  similar  material. 

PENTATOMIDAE. 

NEZARA  VIRIDULA  var.  TOROUATA  Fabricius. — The  present 
note  is  merely  for  the  purpose  of  pointing  out  that  this  variety 
is  the  subject,  there  unnamed,  of  an  article  by  Thos.  H.  Jones, 
entitled  "A  peculiarly  marked  adult  of  Nczara  riridula  L. 
(Hemin.r  (Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  22.  No.  7.  Oct..  1920, 
pp.  171-172,  1  fig.  The  specimen  Mr.  Jones  refers  to  was  col- 
lected in  Louisiana,  and  the  form  has  been  elsewhere  recorded 
from  that  and  other  southern  States. 

ELASMOSTETHUS  ATRICORNIS  Van  Duzee. — Found  breeding 
on  Aralia  spinosa  at  Mt.  Calvert,  Maryland,  September,  1920, 
by  Messrs.  H.  S.  Barber  and  William  Palmer.  The  species  has 
been  recorded  from  Ouebec,  New  York  and  Indiana,  a  range1 
to  which  the  present  record  adds  a  considerable  southward 
extension.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  at  this  most  southern 
point  in  its  known  range,  the  insect  was  found  feeding  oji  a 
plant  which  there  approaches  its  northern  limit. 

ALCAEORRHYNCHUS  GRANDIS  Dallas. — Brownsville,  Texas. 
Jan.  K),  1923.  T.  C.  Barber.  Previously  recorded,  from 

Florida. 

COREIDAE. 

LEPTOCI.OSM-S  <;ox  \<;R  \  Fabricius. —  I'rownsvilK1,  Texas. 
Aug.  10,  1922,  T.  C.  I '.arbor.  Previously  recorded  from 
Florida. 

S. \virs  jckciosrs  Stal. —  I.rownville.  Texas.  Jan.  18.  1()23. 
T.  (\  Barber.  Hitherto  unrecorded  from  the  l/nited  States. 

LEPTOCORIS  TRIVITTATCS  Sav.-— In  further  illustration  of  the 


14  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jail.,   '26 

eastward  trend  of  this  species,  it  may  be  noted  that  in  recent 
years  several  specimens  have  been  collected  in  the  district  of 
Columbia  and  vicinity. 

Til.  \UMASTOTHERIIDAE. 

Apparently  the  genus)  Thaumastocorls  should  be  known  as 
Thaumastotherium.  Kirkaldy  proposed1  the  latter  name  on 
pages  777-778  of  the  article  in  which  it  appears  and  used  it  in 
combination  with  that  of  the  genotype,  Thaiiniastotheriiini 
australlcum  new  species  (p.  778,  Bundaberg,  Queensland).  The 
illustrations  (PI.  43,  figs.  1-3)  of  the  insect,  however,  are 
labelled  Thaiunastocoris  anstralicus,  and  an  inserted  slip  of 
Corrigenda  makes  a  corresponding  correction  to  the  text. 
Thaumastotherium  does  not  seem  to  be  preoccupied,  the  descrip- 
tion has  page  priority  over  the  Plate,  and  the  Corrigenda 
necessarily  are  subsequent  to  the  pages  they  are  intended  to 
correct.  Since  the  International  Code  provides :  "Art.  32. — A 
generic  or  a  specific  name,  once  published,  can  not  be  rejected, 
even  by  its  author,  because  of  inappropriateness,"  it  would 
appear  that  Kirkaldy  did  not  take  effective  steps  to  change 
the  name  and  that  Thaumastotherium  should  stand. 

The  only  known  nearctic  representative  of  the  family  is 
Xylastodoris  hit  col  its  Barber2  described  from  Cuba.  A  record 
for  the  insect  in  the  United  States  has  been  published :!  but  in  a 
place  where  it  is  very  likely  to  be  overlooked.  The  locality  at 
which .  numerous  specimens  were  collected  is  Coconut  Grove, 

Florida. 

PYRRHOCORIDAE. 

DYSDERCUS  OBSCURATUS  Distant. — Brownsville,  Texas,  Jan. 
18,  1923,  T.  C.  Barber.  There  seems  to  be  no  previous  definite 
record  for  the  United  States. 

NABIDAE. 

METATROPIPHORUS  BELFRAGII  Renter. — This  species  seems 
rare  and  previous  reports  have  all  pertained  to  the  Gulf  States. 

iKirkaldy,  G.  W.,  Memoir  on  a  few  Heteropterous  Hemiptera  from 
Eastern  Australia,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  New  South  Wales,  Vol.  32  (1907), 
March  11,  1<>08. 

2Bul.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.  15,  No.  4.  Oct.  1920,  pp.  100-102. 

3Moznette,  G.  F.,  Notes  on  the  Royal  Palm  Bug,  Quart.  Bui.  State 
Plant  Bd.  Fla.,  VI,  No.  1,  Oct.  1921,  pp.  10-15. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  15 

Material  examined  at  the!  National  Museum,  however,  shows 
that  the  species  ranges  north  to  Maryland  and  Illinois. 

MEMBRACIDAE. 

CERESA  BOREALIS  Fairmaire. — Oregon,  Uaker  Collection; 
Yakima,  Washington,  M.  A.  Yothers.  These  collections  extend 
northwesterly  the  recorded  distribution  of  this  species. 

CERESA  vm'Li/s  Fabricius. — A  specimen  from  the  Ashmead 
Collection  is  labelled  Jacksonville,  Florida.  It  seems  probable 
that  something  is  wrong  here;  however,  as  noted  under  sub- 
sequent species  there  is  evidence  for  the  occurrence  of  neo- 
tropical membracids  in  Florida,  that  at  least  demands  further 
earful  investigation 

ATYMNA  CASTANEAE  Fitch. — Received  from  Knox  Dale, 
Pennsylvania,  with  the  notation,  "destroying  leaves  of  maple 
and  apple  trees."  This  indicates  what  we  may  expect  of  this 
species  that  has  been  so  largely  deprived  of  its  customary  food 
plant  by  the  chestnut  blight. 

MEMBRACIS  MEXICAN  A  Guerin. — Two  specimens  from  Ash- 
mead  Collection,  labelled  Key  West,  Florida.  '  Previously  re- 
corded from  California. 

AETH ALIGN  OUADRATUM  Fowler. — A  specimen  from  the 
Ashmead  Collection  ticketed  Jacksonville  is  also  labelled.  Type, 
Polydontoscelis  cinctifrons  Ashmead.  In  the  description  of  the. 
latter  (Psyche,  8,  pp.  387-388,  July,  1899),  the  type  locality  is 
given  as  St.  Nicholas,  Florida.  Regardless  of  possible  errors  in 
the  locality  labels,  the  specimen  here  cited  doubtless  serves  to  fix 
the  identity  of  Polydontoscelis  cinctifrons  Ashmead,  which  the 
author  compares  with  Aethalion  in  the  original  description. 

CALLICENTKTS  AURIFASCIA  Walker. — Florida,  Snow  Collec- 
tion. This  record  from  a  different  collection  lends  some  support 
to  the  Ashmeadian  records  of  neotropical  Membracids  from 
Florida.  The  probability  that  they  may  be  verified  is  further 
indicated  by  the  accepted  Florida  records  of  such  species  as 
Cercso  patntcli.i  Stal,  .-lutiantlie  c.rpansa  dermar,  and  Um- 
bonia  crassicornis  Ainyot  et  Serville.  Investigation  of  the 
status  of  these  various  forms  as  we'll  as  rediscovery  of  the 


16  E.NTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '26 

Walker  species  from  St.  John  River,  are  interesting  lines  of 
field  research  for  Florida  collectors.  Dr.  W.  D.  Funkhouser 
writes  me  "I  see  no  reason  to  question  the  Florida  record  (Snow 
Coll.)  for  Callicentrus  aurifascia  Walker.  This  species  was 
descrihed  from  Jamaica,  is  found  in  Cuba,  and  I  should  think 
might  well  be  in  Florida." 

CICADELLIDAE. 

EUSCELIS  STACTOGALUS  Fieber. — The  taxonomic  wanderings 
of  this  species  have  been  discussed  by  Chris  E.  Olsen  (Bui. 
Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.,  16,  No.  2,!  April,  1921,  pp.  33-37)  who 
mentions  its  occurrence  in  California,  Texas,  Missouri,  New 
York  and  New  Jersey.  There  may  now  be  added  Tempe. 
Arizona,  May  24,  1923,  E.  Y.  Walter  and  M.  Martinez  ;  and 
Botanical  Garden,  Brooklyn,  New  York,  July  12,  1921,  S.  E. 
Griffith. 

FlJLGORIDAE. 

ASARCOPUS  PALMARUM  Horvath. — Dr.  F.  S.  Stickney  sent  in 
from  Indio,  California,  May,  1923,  ample  material  of  all  stages 
of  an  insect  attacking  the  crown  leaves  of  the  date  palm.  It  was 
recognized  as  an  Issine  of  the  tribe/  Caliscelini,  and  by  good 
luck  the  description*  of  Asarcopus  palmarum  from  crown  of 
the  date  palm,  Cairo,  Egypt,  was  found.  Our  insect  is  undoubt- 
edly the  same  thing"  introduced  with  the  host  plant.  How  long 
it  may  have  been  established  in  this  country  i?  not  known,  but 
probably  it  was  thriving  here  prior  to  the  date  it  was  first  scien- 
tifically described  from  its  native  land. 


A  Collecting  Trip  for  South  American  Lepidoptera. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  F.  Porter  and  Mrs.  Emma  Young,  Mrs. 
Porter's  mother,  were  to  leave  Decorah,  Iowa,  on  November  10, 
and  New  York  on  November  21,  for  Rio  de  Janeiro,  where  they 
should  arrive  December  3.  After  a  month  there  they  plan  to  go 
to  Sao  Paulo,  where  Dr.  Bruno  Pohl  will  meet  them,  thence  to 
Santos,  thence  to  Montevideo  where  they  expect  to  be  met  by 
Dr.  Florentine  Felippone.  About  June  20,  1926,  they  hope  to 
be  at  Buenos  Aires.  Their  further  itinerary  includes  Mendoza, 

j 

Santiago  and  Valparaiso,  La  Paz,  Lima,  Bogota  and  other 
points  in  Colombia.  Mr.  Porter  expects  to  return  to  New 
York  in  April,  1927,  the  ladies  having  preceded  him. 

*Bul.  Soc.  d'Hist.  Nat.  de  1'Afrique  du  Nord,  12,  1921,  pp.  179-180. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  JANUARY,  1926. 


A  Suggestion  for  Subject  Indexes. 

Catalogs  of  species  with  references  to  the  literature  appertain- 
ing to  them,  bibliographies  and  abstracts  are  useful  and  often 
indispensable  to  the  biologist,  be  he  taxonomist.  morphologist, 
physiologist,  Geologist,  or  what  not.  A  bibliography  brings  to- 
gether the  literature  on  a  given  topic  and,  if  approximately  com- 
plete, lists  all  the  papers  of  R.  S.  T.  thereon.  A  bibliographical 
catalog  of  species  gives  the  references  to  R.  S.  T.'s  remarks 
on  each  of  these  species.  Both  this  bibliography  and  this 
catalog  repeat  titles  and  references  that  have  already  been 
listed  in  the  annual  record,  or  summary,  published  for  that 
science.  Thereby  arises  repetition,  republication,  that  means 
additional  expense  for  printing,  paper  and  shelf  room.  The 
catalog  of  species  is  to  a  considerable  degree  self-indexing 
as  to  topic.  The  bibliography  is  often  incompletely  indexed  or 
not  at  all.  Indexes  to  the  literature  of  biology  are  quite  as 
much  needed  as  the  other  bibliographical  aids  referred  to  above. 
Can  not  useful  indexes  be  provided  with  little  republication  of 
titles  and  references  and  hence  with  a  minimum  of  expense? 

Thus,  suppose  the  topic  be  the  physiology  of  the  Malpighian 
tubes  of  the  Itonididae.  Under  this  heading  we  might  find  such 
entries  as  R..  R.  S.  1857,  pp.  603-627;  C,  A.  V.  1841.  pp.  3-6; 
IT.,  J.  P.  1873a,  pi).  10-37:  X.,  L.  F,.  1916,  pp.  7-20.  In  each 
entry  the  names  would  be  spelled  out,  not  merely  the  initials 
given  as  here,  or  the  dates  in  each  case  might  come  first,  then  the 
author's  name  and  the  entries  be  arranged  chronologically, 
instead  of  alphabetically  as  above. 

A  preface  at  the  beginning  of  this  Index  would  explain  that 
all  dates  previous  to  1862  referred  to  papers  in  Hagen's  Biblio- 
thcca  Entomologica  under  the  author  and  the  date  quoted  ;  dates 
subsequent  to  1863,  unless  otherwise  designated,  referred  to 
the  given  year  of  the  Zoological  Record,  in  which  volume,  in 
the  Insect  (or  Diptera)  section,  one  would  find  the  paper  here 
referred  to.  If  there  were  several  papers  by  the  same  author 
in  the  same  year,  then  the  paper  would  br  designated  by  the 
appropriate  letter  of  the  alphabet  (/,  h.  c.  etc..  to  show  whether 
it  was  the  first,  second,  third,  etc.,  of  that  author's  in  that  year. 

17 


18  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,   '26 

In  later  volumes  of  the  Zoological  Record,  where  each  title  has 
a  number,  that  number  could  be  used,  instead  of  these  small 
letters.  It  might,  or  it  might  not,  be  'desirable  to  give  the  page 
references. 

Of  course  such  an  index  could  only  be  used  by  one  having 
access  to  the  Bibliotheca  and  the  Record,  but  this  disadvantage 
is  hardly  important  enough  to  overbalance  the  great  saving  in 
expense  in  printing  and  in  page  space  which  this  suggestion 
would  accomplish. 


Prof.  Strand's  Bibliographical  Entomological  Dictionary. 

Science  for  November  20,  states  that  the  manuscript  for  this 
work,  notice  of  which  appeared  in  Science  for  November  7, 
1924,  page  431  [and  in  the  NEWS  for  May,  1924,  page  178 1. 
will  be  sent  to  the  press  during  the  Christmas  holidays.  Any 
entomologists  or  arachnologists  who  have  not  yet  submitted  a 
sketch  of  their  lives  are  urged  to  do  so  without  delay.  Sketches 
may  be  sent  direct  to  Prof.  Embrick  Strand,  director  of  the  Sys- 
tematic Zoological  Institute,  University,  Kronvalda  bulvars  9, 
Riga,  Latvia,  or  Prof.  H.  P.  K.  Agerborg,  James  Milliken 
University,  Decatur,  Illinois,  or  Prof.  C.  L.  Metcalf,  Natural 
History  Building,  University  of  Illinois,  Urbana,  Illinois,  will 
forward  such  sketches. 


A  Few  Additions  to  the  Diptera  of  New  Jersey. 

While  making  with  Mr.  Erdman  West,  a  plant  and  inject 
survey,  during  1924,  of  a  restricted  area  along  the  coast  of 
New  Jersey,  one  mile  below  Seaside  Park,  the  following 
species,  which  are  not  recorded  in  Smith's  "List  of  the  Insects 
of  New  Jersey"  (N.  J.  State  Mus.  Rept.  1909)  were  collected. 
Mr.  Charles  W.  Johnson  very  kindly  identified  our  canturt-s. 

CHIRONOMIDAE:  Ceratopogon  levis  Coq.  May  29.  Chirono- 
nius  dti.r  Johann.  May  7. 

BOMBYLIIDAE  :    Villa  shaitn  John.    Sept.  20,  Oct.  24. 

EIMPIDAE:  Endrapctis  parricomls  Mel.  May  15.  Cnlnbo- 
neura  imisitata  Mel.  July  2. 

PIPUNCULIDAE:  Pipuncnlns  scoparius  Cress.  May  15.  29, 
Sept.  8. 

SARCOPHAGIDAE  :  Sarcophaga  pachyprocta  Park.  May  15, 
Tune  16,  July  15,  August  20,' Sept.  8."  S.  bnllata  Park.  'May 
29,  Sept.  26. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  19 

SEPSIDAE:    Sepsis  si^nifcra   Mel.-Spul.      May   29,   Oct.   24. 

OSCINIDAE:  Hi^clatcs  snhi'itlcitiis  Mall.  June  16,' July  2, 
15,  August  5,  Sept.  S,  26.  Chlorous  iufcf/ni  Heck.  Sept.  8. 
Botanobia  dorsalis  Lw.  June  16.  July  12.  B.  inrlancliolica  B. 
June  16.  B.  minor  Ad.  May  29.  Diplofo.va  inicroccra  Lw. 
June  16,  Sept.  8. 

AGROMYZIDAK:  Rhicnocssa  parrnla  Lw.  May  29,  July  2. 
August  5.  Agroin\za  pnsilh  Meig.  Aug.  5.  A.  coqulllcUi 
Mall.  July  15.  ./."  fntinosa  Coq.  \\iig.  20. 

HARRY  I',.  WEISS,  New  I.runswick,  Xew  Jersey. 

Personal  Mention. 

Recent  numbers  of  Science  state  that : 

Franklin  Sherman,  of  the  North  Carolina  State  College,  has 
been  appointed  head  of  the  division  of  entomology  at  Clemson 
College,  South  Carolina. 

Glenn  W.  Herrick,  professor  of  entomology  in  the  Colli-cr^ 
of  Agriculture  at  Cornell  University,  is  going  abroad  to  spend 
his  sabbatic  leave,  visiting  entomologists  and  laboratories  in 
France  and  Italy. 

Dr.  W.  E.  Britton,  Connecticut  State  Entomologist,  has  been 
appointed  to  succeed  the  late  Dr.  H.  H.  Robinson  as  super- 
intendent of  the  Connecticut  Geological  and  Natural  History 
Survey  and  will  carry  on  the  work  in  connection  with  his  duties 
as  state  entomologist. 

Dr.  E.  D.  Ball,  director  of  scientific  work  in  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture,  has  been  appointed  associate 
entomologist  of  the  Florida  State  Plant  Board. 

Dr.  E.  P.  Felt,  state  entomologist.  State  Museum,  Albany. 
New  York,  completed  his  thirtieth  year  of  service  on  Septem- 
ber 14. 

From  another  source  we  learn  that  Miss  Grace  Snndhouxr 
has  been  appointed  to  the  position  of  Senior  Scientific  Aide 
with  the  Federal  Horticultural  Hoard.  Washington.  She  will 
continue  her  studies  in  the  hymenopterous  genus  Osiniu  and  its 
allies. 

Recent  visitors  to  the  entomological  collections  at  the  Aca- 
demy of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  have  included  Messrs. 
C.  F.  W.  Muesebcck,  Melrose  'Highlands,  Massachusetts,  con- 
sulting the  type  collection  of  the  hymenopterous  family  llracon- 
idar;  Fmil  Liljc'blad,  of  the  Field  Museum  of  Xatural  History, 
who  examined  the  coleopterous  familv  Monldlidac.  and  Alan 
S.  Xicolay  of  Upper  Montclair.  Xew  Jersey,  who  studied  vari- 
ous Coleoptera. 


20  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '26 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   E.   T.    CRESSON.    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

4 — Canadian  Entomologist.  9 — The  Entomologist.  14— 
Entomologische  Zeit.,  Frankfurt  a.M.  17 — Ent.  Rund- 
schau, Stuttgart.  18 — Internationale  Ent.  Zeit.,  Guben. 
22 — Bulletin  of  Ent.  Research.  26 — Ent.  Anzeiger,  Wien. 
30— Tijdschrift  v.  Ent.,  Holland.  39— The  Florida  Ento- 
mologist. 49 — Ent.  Mitteilungen,  Berlin.  51 — Notulae 
Ent.,  Helsingfors.  60 — Stettiner  Ent.  Zeit.  69 — Comptes 
Rendus,  Acad.  Sci.  Paris.  101 — Biolog.  Bull.,  Woods  Hole, 
Mass.  103 — Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London.  105 — Proc.,  Biol. 
Soc.  Washington.  107 — Biologisches  Zentralblatt.  1C8 — 
Jour.  ^Washington  Acad.  Sci.  Ill — Archiv  f.  Naturg., 
Berlin.  113 — Jour.  Agric.  Research,  Washington.  118— 
Die  Naturwissenschaften,  Berlin.  119— Proc.,  Nat.  Acad. 
Sci.  Washington.  131 — Ent.  Blatter,  Berlin.  135 — Quart. 
Jour.  Microsc.  Sciences.  138— Ainer.  Mus.  Novitates,  New 
York.  139 — Bulletin,  So.  California  Acad.  Sciences.  147- 
Arch.  Zool.  Exper.  et  Gen.,  Paris.  158 — Boll.  Mus.  ZooL 
ed  Anat.  Comp.  R.  Univ.'  Torino. 

GENERAL. — Aue,  A.   U.   E.— Entomologisches   allerlei. 

-14,  xxxix,  109-10  (cont.).  Bright,  P.  M.— Over-collect- 
ing.—9,  1925,  273-5.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Tertiary  fossil 
insects  from  Argentina. — Nature,  cxvi,  711-12.  Felt,  E.  P. 

—Insects  and  human  welfare.— Sci.  Month.,  xxi,  649-53. 
Jacobs,  W.  -  -  Vernachlassigten  insektenordnungen.  -  -  14, 
xxxix,  117-8.  Johnson,  C.  W. — Insects  that  infest  birds.— 
Bui.  Northeastern  Bird-Band.  Assoc.,  1,  51-3.  Lankester, 
E.  R. — Blindness  of  cave  animals. — Nature,  cxvi,  745-6. 
Lefroy,  H.  M. — Obituary. — Nature,  cxvi,  651-2.  Meyer,  P. 

-Ein  wort  zur  lokalfaunenfrage. — 49,  xiv,  358-60.     Scheer- 
peltz,  O. — Reichert'sche  stereoaufsatz  als  entomologisches 
universalinstrument. — 26,  v,  153-6  (cont.).     Schuster,  W.— 
Der  letzte  warmwinter  1924/25  und  seine  einwirkung  auf 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \FAYS  21 

kerbitiere. — 18,  xix,  221.  Tragardh,  I. — Entomological 
analysis  of  trees. — 22,  xvi,  \6<>-74.  Zerkowitz,  A. —  ISericht 
uber  den  dritten  internationalen  kongress  fur  entomologie. 
—18,  xix,  210-11. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  MEDICAL,  ETC.— 
Bridges,  C.  B. — Elimination  of  chromosomes  due  to  a 
mutant  in  Drosophila.  Haploidy  in  Drosophila. — 119,  xi, 
701-6;  706-10.  Gatenby,  J.  B. — Reinvestigation  of  the 
spermatogenesis  of  Peripatus. — 135,  Lxix,  629-42.  Jeannel, 
R. — Sur  lesjiomologies  des  articles  de  la  patte  des  insectes. 
142,  Ixiv,  37-55.  McEwen,  R.  S. — Concerning  the  relative 
phototropism  of  vestigal  and  wild  type  Drosophila. — 101, 
xlix,  354-64.  Malan  &  Malan. — Spermatogenesis  of  Locust- 
ana  pardalina  (Brown  tree  locust). — Trans.  R.  Soc.  So. 
Africa,  xii,  1-22.  Metz,  C.  W. — Prophase  chromosome  be- 
havior in  triploid  individuals  of  Drosophila  mel. — Genetics. 
x,  345-50.  Nath,  V. — Mitochondria  and  sperm-tail  forma- 
tion, with  particular  reference  to  moths,  scorpions  and 
centipedes. — 135.  Ixix,  643-59.  Strohl,  J. — Giftproduktion 
bei  den  tieren  von  zoologisch-physiologischen  standpunkt. 
-107,  Ixv,  513-36. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Thor,  S.— Ueber 
die  phylogenie  und  systematik  der  Acarina.  mit  beitragcn 
zur    ersten    entwicklungsgeschichte    einzelner    gruppcn.— 
Nyt  Mag.  f.  Naturvid..  Oslo,  Lxiii,  260-313. 

(N)  *Chamberlin,  R.  V. — Notes  on  N.  Amer.  spiders 
heretofore  referred  to  Coelotes. — 105,  xxxviii,  119-24. 
*Ewing,  H.  E. — New  mites  of  the  parasitic  genus  Haemo- 
gamasus. — 105,  xxxviii,  137-44. 

THE    SMALLER    ORDERS    OF   INSECTA.— Macna- 

mara,  C. — Insects  of  the  snow. — Nature  Mag.,  1925,  349-50. 
Snyder,  T.  E. — Notes  on  fossil  termites  with  particular 
reference  to  Florissant,  Colo. — 105,  xxxviii,  149-66. 

(N)  *McDunnough,  J. — Ephemeroptera  of  Covey  Hill. 
One.— Trans.  R.  Soc.  Canada.  (3),  xix,  207-23. 

(S)  *Karny,  H.  H. — Ueber  Phloeothrips  sanguinolentus, 
iK'l.st    einer    revision    der    Diceratothripinengenera. — 51,    v. 
77-84.     *Navas,  R.  P.  L. — Neuropteros  del  museo  de  Ber- 
lin.—Rev.  Ac.  Cien  Zanigoxa,  ix,  20-34.     *Watson,  J.  R.- 
A  New  sp.  of  Symphyothrips  from  Argentina. — 39,  ix.  2() 
30  (cont). 

ORTHOPTERA.— Hoffmann,    C.    C.— Las    migraciones 

dc  la  langosta. — Soc.  Cien.  Antonio  Al/atr.  Mexico,  xliv, 
191-27.  Voinov,  D. —  Les  elements  sexuels  de  Gryllotalpa 
vulgaris.— 142,  Lxiii,  437-523. 


22  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '26 

HEMIPTERA.— (N)  *Hungerford,  H.  B.— Study  of  the 
Notonecta  mexicana  series,  with  descr.  of  n.  sps.-— 4,  Iviii, 
238-41.  *Knight,  H.  H.— Descr.  of  12  n.  sps.  of  Polymerus 
from  No.  Amer.  (Miridae). — 4,  Ivii,  244-53.  *List,  G.  M.- 
Three  n.  gen.  and  three  n.  sps.  of  Cimicidae  from  N.  Amer. 
-105,  xxxxviii,  103-110.  *McAtee  &  Malloch.— Another 
annectant  genus  (Cimicoidea). — 105,  xxxviii,  145-8.  *Mc- 
Dunnough,  J. — Notes  on  Saldula  obscura,  with  descr.  of 
a  new  sp. — 4,  Ivii,  257-60. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Ebert,  H.— Wie  totet  man  Zygaenen. 
18,  xix,  219-20.  Engelhardt,  G.  P.— Chapters  from  the  long 
life  of  a  butterfly  collector. — Brook.  Mus.  Quart.,  xii,  171-7. 
Gibson,  A. — Observations  on  the  spruce  budworm. — Trans. 
R.  Soc.  Canada,  (3),  xix,  195-205,  col.  pi.  Pfeiffer,  L.- 
Eineges  uber  die  Uraniiden  und  Sematuriden  der  alten  und 
der  neuen  welt. — 14,  xxxix,  118-9  (cont.).  Schwanwitsch, 
B.  N. — On  a  remarkable  dislocation  of  the  components  of 
the  wing-pattern  in  the  satyrid  genus  Pierella. — 9,  1925, 
266-9.  Snodgrass,  R.  E. — Cankerworms. — Smiths.  Rep.. 
1924,  317-34. 

(N)  *Comstock,  J.  A. — Eight  new  races,  forms  or  aber- 
rations of  California  butterflies.- — 139,  xxiv,  62-8.  *McDun- 
nough,  J. — Euxoa  ridingsiana  and  its  allies. — 4,  Ivii,  242-4. 

(S)  *Kohler,  P. — Fauna  argentina.  Theil  2,  Heterocera. 
Syst.  Katalog  u.  Stud.  Bericht,  Neubeschr.,  28  pp.  pis. 
*Prout,  L.  B. — New  Geometridae  in  the  collection  of  the 
Deut.  Ent.  Inst.,— 49,  xiv,  309-12.  *Roeber,  J.— Neue 
falter  (Papilio)— 17,  xlii,  42-3  (cont.). 

DIPTERA.— Buxton  &  Hopkins.— Race  suicide  in 
Stegomyia. — 22,  xvi,  151-3.  Martiis,  L.  C.  de — Contribute 
alia  conoscenza  istologica  delle  ghiandole  rettati  dei  Dit- 
teri. — 158,  xxxix,  N.  25.  Meijere,  J.  C.  H. — Larven  der 
Agromyzinen. — 30,  Ixviii,  195-293  (cont.).  Puri,  8. — On 
the  life  history  and  structure  of  the  early  stages  of  Simu- 
liidae. — Parasitology,  xvii,  335-69.  Tillyard,  R.  J. — Alleged 
rhaetic  crane  flies. — Nature,  cxvi,  676-7.  Whitfield,  G.  F.  S. 
-Relation  between  the  feeding-habits  and  the  structure 
of  the  mouth-parts  in  the  Asilidae. — 103,  1925,  599-638. 

(N)  *Curran,  C.  H. — American  sps.  of  the  tachinid  genu .. 
Peleteria. — Trans.  R.  Soc.  Canada,  (3),  xix,  225-57.  *Cur- 
ran,  C.  H. — Four  new  Nearctic  diptera. — 4,  Ivii.  254-7. 
*Duda,  O. — Aussereuropaischen  arten  der  gattung  Lepto- 
cera. — 111,  1924,  A,  11,  5-215.  [There  may  not  be  any  new 
sps.  from  North  America  described  in  this  voluminous. 
poorly  presented  paper,  but  it  will  prove  interesting  to  all 


XXXvii,     '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     \K\VS  23 

students    of    this    family.)    Frey,    R. — Zur    systematik    der 
Diptera  Haplostomata  Sepsidae. — 51,  v,  69-76.     Seguy,  E.— 

Sur   les   caracteres   conmiuns   aux   Ocstrides    et   aux    Calli- 
phorines.— 69,  1925,  735-36. 

(S)  *Curran,  C.  H. — New  exotic  diptera  in  the  Am.  Mn>. 
Xat.  History. — 138,  No.  200.  Lichtwardt,  B. — Uebcr 
Nemestriniden. — 49,  xiv,  392-94. 

COLEOPTERA.— Cook,  W.  C.— Distribution  of  the 
alfalfa  weevil  (Phytonomus  posticus).  A  stud}-  in  physi- 
cal ecology.— 113,  xxx,  479-91.  Fink,  D.  E.— Physiological 
studies  on  hibernation  in  the  potato  beetle,  Leptinotarsa 
decemlineata. — 101,  xlix,  381-496.  Jeannel,  R. — Morphol- 
\gie  cle  elytre  des  coleopteres  adephages. — 142,  Ixiv,  1-84. 
Kern,  P. — Beitrage  zur  biologic  der  Caraben. — 131.  xxi, 
114-9.  Roepke,  W. — Zur  vermeintlichen  myrmekophilie  dc> 
Trochoideus  desjardinsi  ( Endomychidae). — 107,  Ixv,  572-4. 
Zimmermann,  A. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  sudamerikan- 
isclien  wasserkaefer.-«-158,  xxxix,  N.  29. 

( X )  Blunck,  H. — Syllabus  der  insektenbiologie  bear- 
beitet  von  zahlreichen  fachleuten  und  herausg  von.  Coleop- 
eren  :  Lief.  1.  136pp.  *Fisher,  W.  S. — New  cactus  weevil 
from  Texas. — 108,  xv,  425-6. 

(S)    *Corporral,   J.    B. — Ein    neuer    Clerus    (Cleridae).— 
49,  xiv.  394-5.     *Horn.  W.— Ueber  16  alte  und  neue  Cicin- 
delicleii  der  welt.— 131,  xxi,  131-9.     *Knisch,  A.— Coleoptera 
aus  dem  tropischen  Amerika.^158,  xxxix,  X.  30.     *Reich- 
ensperger,  A. — \Veitere  Histeriden-beitrage. — 49,  xiv,  351-7. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Chittenden,  F.  H.— Note  on  a  sec- 
ondary egg  parasite  of  the  celery  leaf-tyer. — 4,  Ivii,  260. 
Gray,  H.  E. — Observations  on  tripping  of  alfalfa  blossoms. 

—4,  Ivii,  235-7.  Hintzelmann,  U. — Beitrage  zur  morphol- 
ogic von  Trichogramma  evanescens. — Arb.  Miol.  Reichs.  f. 
Land-u.  Forstw.,  Berlin,  xiv,  225-30.  Wasmann,  E. —  1  )ic 
ameisenmimikry. — 118.  1925,  925-32.  Whiting  &  Whiting. 

-Diploid    males    from    fertilized    eggs    of    hymenoptera.— 
Science,    Ixii,   437. 

(X)  Bluthgen,  P.—  Bienengattung  Xoiiiioi(U->.— 60,  1925, 
-98.  Emery,  C. — Genera  insectorum.  Formicidae.  Subt". 
l-'ormicinae.  302pp..  4pls.  Ferris,  G.  F. — Generic  types  of 
tlu-  Diaspidae.— 22,  xvi,  163-7.  :i:Viereck,  H.  L.— Prelim- 
inary revision  of  some  Chan>p-inae.  a  subf.  of  Ichneumon- 
oidca.— Trans.  R.  Soc.  Canada,  (3).  xix.  25(>-73. 

(Sj  *Menozzi,  C. — Oualche  formica  miova  o<l  interes- 
sante  del  Deut.  Ent.  Inst.  (Formicidae).— 49,  xiv,  3(«8-71. 


24  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  "26 

SPECIAL  NOTICES. 

Monographic  des  Bathysciinae  (Silphidae).  By  R.  Jean- 
nel.  Arch.  Zool.  Exper.  et  Gen.,  Paris.  This  monograph 
of  436  pages,  although  treating  of  European  species  will 
probably  be  useful  to  American  students  of  this  family 
of  the  Coleoptera.  Sinopse  dos  Hemipteros  Heteropteros 
de  Portugal.  Por  A.  F.  cle  Seabra.  Mem.  e  Estud  Mus. 
Zool.  Univ.  Coimbra,  Ser.  1,  N.  1,  Fasc.  1-2,  48  plus  19  pp. 
This  faunistic  paper  may  be  of  interest  to  American 
students. 


Recent  issues  of  the  Catalogue  of  Indian  Insects  are  Part 
6 — Staphylinidae  by  Malcolm  Cameron,  lately  Systematic  Ento- 
mologist, Forest  Research  Institute,  Dehra  Dun  ;  126  pp.,  listing 
194  genera  and  over  1100  species.  Part  9 — Zygaenidae  by  T. 
Bainbrigge  Fletcher,  Imperial  Entomologist ;  92  pages,  56 
genera,  225  species.  Both  parts  are  dated  1925,  Calcutta: 
Goverment  of  India  Central  Publication*Branch. 


DYTISCUS  MARGINALIS,  the  first  monograph  of  "BEARBEITUNG 
EINHEIMISCHER  TIERS,"  edited  by  DR.  E.  KORSCHELT,  of  the 
University  of  Marburg.  Two  volumes,  1827  pages  in1  all.  with 
876  text  figures.  Published  by  Wilhelm  Engelmann,  Leipzig, 
1924.  Price,  40  gold  marks,  $10.00  in  New  York. 

Probably  every  investigator  in  scientific  work  has  many 
times  wished  that  he  might  have  a  collaborator  to  assemble  and 
abstract  for  him  the  literature  of  his  subject.  The  conscien- 
tious worker  is  beginning  to  find  that,  if  he  shall  be  compelled 
to  spend  much  more  of  his  time  in  reading,  he  is  in  danger 
eventually  of  being  barred  by  his  books  from  his  microscope. 
And  now,  just  as  our  trouble  is  becoming  acute  in  entomology, 
there  appear  these  two  comprehensive  volumes  on  the  morphnl- 
ogy  and  biology  of  the  water  beetle,  Dytiscus  mcwginalis,  in 
which  is  brought  together  in  edited  form  the  work  of  a  score 
of  special  investigators  whose  numerous  publications  on  this 
one  insect  have  heretofore  been  scattered  through  the  various 
German  zoological  journals  over  a  period  of  sixteen  years. 

This  great  work  on  Dytiscns,  however,  which  appears  under 
the  editorship  of  Dr.  E.  Korschelt,  is  not  a  mere  assemblage  of 
independent  papers ;  it  is  the  result  of  a  broad  project  conceived 
and  brought  to  a  successful  finish  by  Dr.  Korschelt.  The 
various  chapters  in  the  books,  all  modeled  on  a  general  plan, 
are  from  the  works  of  a  group  of  men  who  have  been,  at  various 
times  since  1907.  students  at  Marburg  under  Dr.  Korschelt,  or 


XXXvii,     '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NKWS 

collaborators  with  him  on  this  project.  Dr.  Korschelt  records 
many  unfortunate  interruptions  in  the  \v<>rk  owing  to  the 
advent  of  the  war,  and  the  loss  of  four  of  the  workers  on  the 
battle  front.  Some  of  the  chapters,  therefore,  have  been  left  in 
the  stage  at  which  they  were  first  written,  and  consequently 
do  not  take  into  account  more  recent  papers  on  related  subjects  ; 
yet,  this  defect  does  not  invalidate  the  facts  recorded,  and  these-, 
together  with  the  ample  bibliographical  lists  accompanying  each 
chapter,  must  relieve  the  student,  who  would  carry  the  subject 
further,  of  a  great  amount  of  preliminary  research. 

Specialists  in  insect  morphology,  who  have  read  the  various 
papers  comprising  these  volumes  as  they  have  appeared  will 
be  already  familiar  with  their  contents  ;  to  those  who  will  better 
appreciate  the  work  in  its  unified  form,  a  brief  review  of  the 
chapter  subjects  will  probably  give  best  an  idea  of  its  scope. 

A  description  of  methods  found  most  satisfactory  in  making 
dissections  is  given  in  the  first  chapter  ;  in  the  other  chapters 
each  worker  furnishes  a  detailed  account  of  his  own  special 
technique.  Chapters  2  and  3  have  to  do  with  the  outer  parts  of 
the  beetle;  the  fourth,  based  on  the  work  of  A.  Casper,  con- 
tains an  exhaustive  account  of  the  structure  of  the  body  wail 
and  the  hypodermal  glands,  and  constitutes  an  important  con- 
tribution to  insect  histology. 

The  following  four  chapters  are  devoted  to  the  sense  organs. 
In  the  first,  R.  Hochreuther  gives  a  full  description  of  the 
sense  organs  of  the  hair  type,  and  contributes  much  to  an 
understanding  of  the  general  morphology  of  insect  sense  organs. 
The  next  chapter,  by  R.  Lehr,  treats  in  particular  of  the  sense 
organs  of  the  wings,  including  the  external  sensory  pits  and 
hairs  and  the  internal  chordotonal  organs.  In  the  succeeding 
chapter  Lehr  describes  the  sense  organs  in  the  pedicel  of  the 
larval  antenna,  where,  besides  a  simple  organ  of  Johnston,  he 
finds  four  associated  true  chordotonal  organs.  Chapter  8  details 
the  structure  of  the  eyes  of  both  the  beetle  and  the  larva,  and  it 
is  shown  here  by  K.  Giinther  that  the  compound  eye  of  the 
beetle  is  developed  from  the  ,hypodermis  independent  of  the 
similarly  placed  ocelli  of  the  larva,  remnants  of  the  larval  eyes 
being  found  in  the  adult  associated  with  the  strands  of  the 
optic  nerve. 

Chapter  9,  from  the  work  of  (i.  I  lolste,  takes  up  the  nervous 
system,  and  is  illustrated  with  beautiful  halftone  drawings  show- 
ing the  distribution  of  the  nerves  throughout  the  body  and  ap- 
pendages. In  the  following  chapter  1  lolste  goes  into  the  finer 
structure  of  the  brain  and,  while  his  study  is  not  exhaustive,  it 
adds  a  few  details  to  what  is  known  of  the  brain  in  other 


26  K.XTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '26 

insects  and  extends  the  foundation  of  our  knowledge  of  the 
insect  nervous  mechanism. 

Next  come  three  chapters  on  the  muscles,  mostly  by  A.  Bauer, 
and  then  one  on  the  respiratory  system,  hased  on  several 
papers  by  W.  Alt.  Chapter  15  contains  a  thorough  study  of  the 
organs  of  circulation,  taken  from  recent  papers  of  W.  Kuril  and 
E.  Oberle.  This  chapter  constitutes  probably  the  most  up-to- 
date  treatment  on  the  circulatory  organs  of  any  insect,  and  may 
well  be  taken  as  a  model  for  other  studies  on  these  organs. 

Volume  II  opens  with  a  chapter  on  the  fat  body  and  the 
oenocytes  of  the  beetle  and  of  the  larva,  by  A.  Kreuscher.  It  is 
shown  that  the  fat  cells  of  the  larva  store  up  both  fatty 
and  albuminoid  substances,  the  former,  however,  being  almost 
replaced  by  the  latter  when  the  larva  is  ready  for  pupation. 
The  fat  cells  suffer  but  little  destruction  during  metamorphosis, 
most  of  them  being  carried  over  intact  to  form  the  fat  body 
of  the  adult.  The  alimentary  canal  of  the  beetle  and  the  larva 
is  the  subject  of  Chapter  19,  the  work  of  H.  Rungius.  Partic- 
uarly  interesting  is  the  description  of  the  mouth  of  the  larva 
and  its  connection  with  the  channels  of  the  mandibles. 

The  series  of  four  chapters  following,  on  the  reproductive 
organs,  mating,  the  laying'  of  the  eggs,  and  the  embryological 
development,  contain  much  that  is  of  interest.  Especially 
instructive  are  the  painstaking  studies  of  H.  Blunck  on  the 
manner  of  the  formation  of  the  spermatophore,  its  transfer  to 
the  copulatory  pouch  of  the  female,  and  the  entrance  of  the 
sperm  into  the  spermatheca.  These  investigations  furnish  an 
excellent  example  of  a  thoroughgoing  piece  of  anatomical  re- 
search. The  subject  is  illustrated  by  a  series  of  twenty-seven 
figures  showing  concisely  all  stages  of  the  process — the  exit  of 
the  sperm  into  the  penis,  their  envelopment  by  mucous  from  the 
mucous  glands  and  the  final  discharge  of  the  completed  sperma- 
tophore into  the  copulatory  pouch  of  the  female.  The  relative 
position  of  the  female  and  male  genital  parts  and  the  position  of 
the  spermatophore  within  the  female  are  well  shown  in  a  dia- 
grammatic longitudinal  section.  The  wall  of  the  spermatophore 
turned  toward  the  vaginal  opening  is  now  apparently  dissolved 
by  a  secretion  of  special  vaginal  glands,  the  sperm  are  forced 
into  the  vagina  by  compression  of  the  surrounding  parts,  and 
are  sucked  up  through  the  vagina  by  the  action  of  the  muscular 
walls  of  the  latter.  From  the  anterior  end  of  the  vagina  they 
enter  the  spermatheca,  probably  by  their  own  motion.  Most 
females  of  Dyliscns  marginalis  are  fertilized  in  the  fall :  egg- 
laying  begins  the  following  spring,  continuing  into  July.  When 


xxxvii,   '26]  KNTO. \ioLor.ir\T.  NEWS  27 

a  ripened  egg  passes  into  the  vagina  a  small  mass  of  sperm,  in 
a  liquid  from  the  spermathecal  glands,  is  discharged  upon  the 
egg  through  a  channel  in  the  anterior  wall  of  the  neck  of  the 
spermatheca,  by  the  contraction  of  the  muscular  walls  of  tin- 


organ. 


The  chapter  on  the  laying  of  the  eggs,  also  from  the  work  of 
Blunck,  contains  data  on  the  time  of  oviposition,  the  number 
of  eggs  laid  by  a  single  female,  the  place,  and  the  manner  of 
oviposition.  The  female  beetles  always  entrust  their  eggs  to 
healthy  chlorophyll-bearing  parts  of  the  plants,  and  it  appeals 
that  the  production  of  oxygen  by  the  plants  promotes  metabol- 
ism in  the  eggs,  and,  therefore,  the  development  of  the  embryo. 
A  history  of  the  development  from  segmentation  to  the  fully- 
formed  larva  is  given  in  Chapter  23.  Though  there  is  little  in 
this  account  that  throws  new  light  on  general  insect  ontogeny, 
it  is  satisfactory  to  rind  established  ideas  verified  and  further 
exemplified.  A  number  of  points,  however,  are  worth  a  special 
notice.  The  curved  side  of  the  Dytiscus  egg  is  not  necessarily 
the  ventral  side  of  the  future  embryo.  The  micropyle  apparatus 
consists  of  a  disc  at  the  cephalic  pole  of  the  egg  surrounded 
by  a  circle  of  about  60  pores  through  the  chorion.  Water 
diffuses  rapidly  through  the  chorion  and  causes  the  latter  to 
separate  from  the  vitelline  membrane,  until  finally,  the  chorion 
bursts,  leaving  the  older  embryos  covered  only  by  the  vitelline 
membrane.  The  inner  germ  layer,  or  mesoderm,  is  formed  by 
proliferation  of  cells  from  a  ventral  groove  of  the  germ  band, 
but  there  is  no  invagination  (gastrulation)  as  in  Hydrophilus. 
The  description  of  the  segmentation  of  the  embryo  is  somewhat 
confusing,  because  the  antennal  segment  is  enumerated  as  a 
segment  following  the  procephalon,  which  latter,  it  is  stated, 
consists  of  three  segments.  Then  there  are  three  gnathal  seg- 
ments, three  thoracic,  and  eleven  abdominal  segments  besides 
a  terminal  telson,  giving  21  segments  and  the  end  piece,  or 
telson.  Later,  in  this  same  chapter,  however,  as  well  as  in  the 
former  chapter  on  the  nervous  system,  the  brain  of  Dytiscus  is 
shown  to  be  composed  of  the  ordinary  three  procephalic  ganglia, 
and  is  followed  by  three  gnathal,  three  thoracic,  and  eleven 
abdominal  ganglia,  the  telson  alone  lacking  a  ganglion  in  the 
embryo.  This  is  the  complete  number  of  ganglia  typical  for 
insects,  and  the  enumeration  must  assume  the  presence  of  only 
20  segments  he-sides  the  last  one.  or  telsun — a  total  of  21. 

Chapter  24,  entitled  the  "Larval  Development."  treats 
principally  of  the  anatomy  of  the  larva.  The  following  chapter, 
one  of  111  pages,  on  the  metamorphosis,  mostly  the  work  of 


28  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '26 

ISlunck,  deals  with  the  life  and  changes  of  the  larva,  and  with 
the  structure,  life,  and  transformation  of  the  pupa.  Under  the 
many  sub-headings  are  described  the  locomotion,  respiration, 
and  senses  of  the  larva,  its  feeding,  digestion,  and  the  function 
of  the  various  parts  of  its  alimentary  canal.  Also,  there  is 
given  a  great  mass  of  observations  on  the  influence  of  tempera- 
ture, food,  light,  etc.,  on  the  larval  life. 

The  next  three  chapters  treat  of  the  biology  of  Dytiscns,  of 
its  diseases,  enemies  and  parasites,  and  of  the  economic  phase 
of  the  water  beetle,  the  last  arising  from  its  destructiveness  to 
fish.  Chapter  29  gives  a  history  of  the  water  beetle  in  literature, 
with  a  long  bibliographical  list  beginning  with  the  year  1536. 
The  subject  matter  of  the  final  chapter  is  palaeontologic,  sys- 
tematic and  faunistic.  The  earliest  fossil  remains  of  Dytiscns, 
mostly  elytra,  come  from  the  Oligocene  and  Miocene. 

The  foregoing  outline  is  sufficient  to  suggest  that  this  work 
on  Dytiscns  contains  a  fund  of  information  that  should  become 
familiar  to  every  student  in  entomology.  Though  few  Ameri- 
can students  are  likely  to  read  through  the  two  volumes  con- 
secutively, the  chapters  taken  individually  will  furnish  some  of 
the  best  working  models  available  on  any  subject  of  insect 
anatomy.  Too  much  of  our  morphological  work  ends  with  a 
mere  description  of  structure,  making  no  effort  at  contact  with 
the  physiological  aspect  of  the  subject.  The  study  of  form  in 
itself  has  generally  been  regarded  as  sufficient  for  purposes  of 
classification  and'  phylogeny,  and  so  it  may  be  in  many  cases, 
but  even  here  a  knowledge  of  function  is  likely  to  be  a  great 
help  in  determining  the  most  probable  line  of  evolution  of  an 
organ. 

There  is  a  more  important  reason,  however,  for  the  study  of 
insect  anatomy  from  the  physiological  standpoint,  and  this  is 
the  increasing  importance  of  physiology  itself  in  modern  ento- 
mology. The  natural  steps  in  the  expansion  of  a  biological 
science  lead  through  taxonomy,  morphology,  physiology,  and 
psychology.  Entomology  is  now  entering  the  third  field  of  its 
growth,  and  is  looking  toward  the  fourth,  but  is  finding,  in 
many  cases,  that  the  second  has  been  too  hurriedly  traversed. 
In  insect  physiology  too  much  can  not  be  assumed  from  a 
knowledge  of  vertebrate  physiology.  Though  physiological 
processes  may  be  fundamentally  alike  in  all  animals,  the  means 
of  arriving  at  the  same  results  often  differ  widely  in  differ- 
ent groups.  A  thorough  knowledge  of  comparative  anatomy, 
therefore,  is  fundamental  to  the  study  of  physiology.  In  ento- 
mology there  is  now,  more  than  ever  before,  a  need  of  good  ref- 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  II. 


HENRY    W.  WENZEL. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NF.VVS  29 

erence  books  on  the  detailed  structure  of  insect  organs,  aiul  the 
timely  appearance  of  this  assembled  work  on  Dytiscus  should 
be  welcomed  by  all  entomologists,  and  especially  by  every 
student  in  the  more  advanced  fields  of  insect  physiology  and 
biology.  R.  E.  S.NODGRASS. 


OBITUARY. 

HENRY  W.  WEN z EL  died  on  November  7,  1925,  at  his  home 
in  West  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  aged  68  years,  of  a  linger- 
ing illness.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia  on  May  16,  1857. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  Public  Schools  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  for  a  period  in  one  of  the  then  German  Schools. 

From  boyhood  days  he  was  interested  in  Natural  History, 
and  under  the  leadership  and  guidance  of  his  grandfather, 
Henry  Feldman,  he  finally  confined  his  studies  to  the  Cole- 
optera,  in  which  order  he  accumulated  one  of  the  finest  collec- 
tions of  North  American  species  extant.  The  collection 
contains  many  paratypes,  and  all  the  specimens  are  properly 
labeled  with  place  of  capture,  date  and  name  of  collector,  and 
such  as  have  been  bred  have  biological  notes  on  a  supple- 
mentary label. 

Air.  Wenzel  had  corresponded  with  nearly  every  North 
American  Coleopterist  of  note,  who  lived  in  his  time,  and 
had  entertained  many  of  them  at  his  home,  and  in  most  cases 
his  visitors  went  away  richer  than  when  they  came  to  him, 
as  he  was  always  liberal  in  dividing  his  specimens  with  those 
who  were  especially  interested  in  Coleoptera.  He  did  not 
describe  any  new  species.  He  was  satisfied  to  have  that  done 
by  those  who  specialized  in  the  various  families  and  groups. 
His  chief  collecting  ground  in  the  early  part  of  his  career  was 
in  the  "Philadelphia  Neck,"  in  the  southern  part  of  the  city, 
close  to  which  neighborhood  he  lived  at  that  time;  later  he 
worked  in  the  Pine-barrens  of  Southern  Xew  Jersey  for  many 
years,  and  in  the  latter  locality  established  many  new  records 
which  were  published  in  Smith's  famous  List  of  Insects  of  Xew 
Jersey  in  1909.  Since  that  time  he  made  a  number  of  extended 
collecting  trips,  notably  to  the  mountains  of  Xorth  (Carolina, 
also  along  the  Gulf  of  AFexico,  in  Alabama,  and  his  last  trip 


30  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '26 

was  to  the  Province  of  Ontario,  Canada.  Besides  the  above 
mentioned  trips  his  son  Harry  A.,  made  a  trip  to  the  Huachuca 
Mountains  in  Arizona  in  company  with  H.  A.  Kaeber,  another 
to  Tybee  Island,  off  the  coast  of  Georgia,  and  also  a  trip  with 
Wagner  Green  through  Texas ;  the  material  collected  on  the 
trips  of  his  son  were  divided  between  the  respective  collectors 
and  Harry's  share  all  went  into  the  collection  of  his  father  and 
I  want  to  lay  stress  on  the  fact  that  he  has  been  an  enthusiastic 
and  never  tiring  collector.  On  all  of  these  expeditions  many 
new  species  were  discovered  and  turned  over  to  specialists  for 
description,  and  the  collection  is  adorned  with  paratypes  of 
nearly  all  such. 

Mr.  Wenzel  was  the  organizer  and  really  the  sponsor  of 
the  Feldman  Collecting  Social,  which  was  started  in  Decem- 
ber, 1887.  The  greater  number  of  the  meetings  of  the  Social 
were  held  at  Mr.  Wenzel's  home  which  was  always  a  wel- 
come place  for  Entomologists ;  members  and  friends  would 
always  bring  boxes  of  current  capture  for  him  to  identify, 
which  he  did  willingly  and  patiently. 

I  have  personally  collected  Coleoptera  but  incidently,  and 
will  always  recall  with  much  pleasure,  the  many  afternoons 
and  evenings  which  I  spent  with  him  going  over  my  material 
and  he  determining  the  same  for  me. 

Besides  collecting'  Coleoptera  he  was  interested  in  Natural 
History  in  every  phase ;  he  was  anxious  to  know  the  trees 
and  smaller  plants ;  he  knew  all  the  common  and  many  rare 
birds  as  well  as  the  reptiles.  He  always  collected  some  speci- 
mens in  other  orders  of  the  Insect  World  and  turned  them 
over  to  his  friends  who  were  interested  in  such  orders.  I  have 
in  my  collection  of  Lepidoptera,  many  specimens  which  bear 
the  label  collected  by  H.  W.  Wenzel  and  1 1.  A.  Wenzel. 

Since  about  a  year  the  Feldman  Collecting  Social  has  not 
held  a  meeting,  on  account  of  Mr.  Wenzel's  illness,  but  1  hope 
that  we  can  get  the  boys  together  again,  as  I  am  sure  that 
if  he  could  express  himself  it  would  be  his  wish  that  the 
Social  live  on  after  him. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  The  American   Entomological 


XXXvii,     '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  31 

Society  April  23,  1S96,  was  Vice  President  from  1901  to  I'M  5 
and  a  member  of  the  Advisory  Committee  of  the  XE\VS  since 
1906. 

Mr.  Wenzel  has  published  a  number  of  faunistic  papers 
which  were  of  value  to  science,  several  of  which  are  men- 
tioned in  "Bibliography  of  Taxonomic  Coleopterology"  by 
Charles  W.  Leng,  B.  Sc.  published  in  1920. 

We  have  lost  a  dear  friend  and  a  good  fellow. 

FRANK  HAIMBACII. 


Under  date  of  September,  1925,  the  German  Folk  Song  Union 
in  Vienna,  in  conjunction  with  Frau  Angela  Kohl  and  friends 
and  admirers  of  the  late  FRANZ  FRIEDRICH  KOHL,  has  issued 
a  memorial  portrait  of  the  deceased  entomologist.  It  announces 
also  that  a  memorial  committee  has  been  formed  in  Traismauer, 
where  he  died,  which  plans  to  place  a  tablet  to  his  memory  on 
the  house  in  which  he  passed  away.  The  sculptor  Karl  IMiii'rn. 
creator  of  the  Adalbert  monument  in  the  Tiirkenschanz  Park 
in  Vienna,  has  undertaken  the  work.  Contributions  for  this 
purpose  are  solicited  and  may  be  sent  to  Herr  Richard 
Gutscher,  chairman,  Hofrat  Kohl  Stiftung,  Kunstmiihle,  Trais- 
mauer, Austria. 

Dr.  F.  Maidl,  curator  in  the  Natural  History  Museum  in 
Vienna,  has  published  in  Volume  38  of  the  Annalcn  of  the 
Museum  (pages  174-179,  April,  1925)  an  obituary  notice  of  this 
distinguished  hymenoptenst.  He  was  born  January  13,  1851, 
at  St.  Valentin  auf  der  Heide  (Vintschgau,  Tyrol)  and  died 
December  15,  1924.  In  his  early  years  he  lost  his  father,  Jo- 
hann  Kohl,  and  removed  with  his  mother  to-  Bozen  where  he 
attended  the  Volksschule  and  the  Franciscan  Gymnasium.  One 
of  the  professors  of  the  latter  institution,  P.  Vinzenz  Gredler, 
appears  to  have  awakened  in  the  young  Kohl  an  interest  in  the 
natural  sciences.  Later  Kohl  went  to  the  university  at  Inns- 
bruck, where  he  studied  under  Adolf  Pickler,  Kerner  and  Heller. 
The  period  that  followed  was  a  struggle  for  existence.  After 
five  years  of  teaching  at  I'.o/en  and  at  Innsbruck,  he  abandoned 
the  profession  and  worked  with  Frey-Gessner  in  Geneva,  then 
in  Miinich,  where  he  became  acquainted  with  Kriechbaumer  and 


32  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '26 

then  on  December  31.  1885,  was  appointed  scientific  assistant 
in  the  museum  at  Vienna.  Here  he  eventually  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  collection  of  Hymenoptera  which,  "under  his 
direction,  expanded  from  a  small  store-box  to  fill  a  large  room, 
and  became  indispensable  for  everyone  who  investigated  this 
subject  anywhere  in  the  world,  just  as  Kohl's  advice  and  aid 
were  willingly  placed  at  the  service  of  hundreds  of  corres- 
pondents." 

He  published  seventy-five  papers  on  entomology  and  zoology 
from  1878  to  1923  ;  Dr.  Maicll  gives  a  list  of  them,  twelve  being 
monographs. 

Most  extensive  were  those  treating  of  the  genera  of  the  Pom- 
pilidae.  Larridae  and  Sphecinae  (1885),  Thyrcopus  (1888), 
the  monograph  of  Sphc.v  (1890,  1895).  PhilatitJnts  (1891), 
Aiupnlc.r  and  allies  (1893),  genera  of  the  Sphegidae  (1896), 
Ammophila  (1901,  1907),  Pndium  (1902),  Ccrccris  (1915), 
Sccliphron  (Pclofaeus)  (1918)  and  Bclomicrus  H923)  and 
many  on  the  Hymenoptera  of  different  geographical  areas  and 
descriptions  of  new  species. 


DR.  WALTER  DAVID  HUNTER,  chief  of  the  section  of  insects 
affecting  southern  field  crops,  Bureau  of  Entomology,  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  a  member  of  the  Federal 
Horticultural  Board,  died  suddenly  at  El  Paso,  Texas,  on  Octo- 
ber 13,  1925,  in  his  fiftieth  year.  He  received  the  A.B.  from  the 
University  of  Nebraska  in  1895,  continuing  there  as  an  assistant 
in  entomology,  became  assistant  entomologist  in  the  Iowa  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station  in  1901.  assistant  entomologist  in 
charge  of  boll  weevil  investigations  of  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  in  1902;  in  1905  was  placed  in  charge  of 
all  southern  field  crop  insect  investigations  and  made  a  member 
of  the  Federal  Horticultural  Board  in  1908.  He  took  a  large 
part  in  the  eradication  of  the  pink  boll  worm  in  Louisiana  and 
Texas  and  also  had  direction  of  investigations  of  insects  affect- 
ing the  health  of  man  and  animals.  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  con- 
tributes an  appreciative  notice  of  the  man  and  his  work  to 
Science  for  November  13,  from  which  we  have  taken  the  above. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NKWS  for  December,  1925,  was  mailed  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Post  Office  on  December  11,  1925. 


FEBRUARY,  1926 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVII  No.  2 


JAMES  RIDINGS 
1803-1880 


CONTENTS 

Crampton — A    Phylogenetic   Study    of    the   Thoracic    Sclerites  of  the 
Psychodoid  Diptera,  with  Remarks  on  the  Interrelationships  of 

the  Neraatocera 33 

Davidson — A  New  Californian  Syrphid  (Diptera) 4u 

Skinner — Euodia  ponlandia,  andromacha  and  creola  (Lep.,  Rhopalo- 

cera 42 

Barber— A  Short  List  of  Scntelleroidea  Collected  in  New  Mexico  in  1916  4  - 
Alexander — Uudescribed  Species  of  Crane-Flies  from  the  Eastern  United 

Stated  and  Canada.      (Dipt.:  Tipulidae).  .    .        4-1 

Osburn — A  New  Species  of  the  Genus  Condidea  (Diptera,  Syrphidae).  52 

Smith — Assistance  Wanted  in  the  Study  of  Ants  (Ilym. :   Formicidae).  53 
Editorial  — Entomology  at  the  "  Convocation  Week"  Meetings.  Dec^m- 

ber  28,  1925,  to  January  2,  1926 54 

Personal  Mention  .    .  i 

Changes  of  Address .  56 

Aldrich — The  Dognin  Collection  of  Lepidoptera  at  the  U.  S.  National 

Museum 46 

i  Lecture  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt 57 

Ingham — Collecting  in  the  West 57 

.McMurray — Oviposition  of  Brenthis  bellona  (Lep.:  Nymphalidae)  .    . 

(Entomological  Literature 5s 

>  Review — Herrick's  Manual  of  Injurious  Insects 62 

^Review — Fox's  Insects  and  Disease  of  Man 62 

i  Obituary — Professor  Harry  Arthur  Gossard '4 


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Editor;   Henry   Skinner,   M.D.,  Sc.D.,  Editor  Emeritus. 

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STATED  MEETINGS 

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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  III 


Fig.* 


BJTT4CC*IORPHi 


THORACIC  SCLERITES  OF  PSYCHODOID  DIPTERA    CRAMPTON. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXIV. 


Plate  IV. 


si. 


CULICOlDEA 
BIBIONOIDEA 

PSYCHODOIDEA 


NEMOPALPUS 

Fig.8 


BLEPHAROCEROIDEA 


TIPULOIDEA 


PHLEBOTOlflJS 

Fig.  9 


PROTODIPTERA 

Fig.  12 


3  1C 


Fig.  10 


BRUCHOMYIA 


111, 


Fig.  II 


PSYCHODA 


THORACIC  SCLERITES  OF  PSYCHODOID  DIPTERA.-CRAMPTON. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XXXVII  FEBRUARY,   1926  No.  2 

A  Phylogenetic  Study  of  the  Thoracic  Sclerites  of 

the  Psychodoid  Diptera,  with  Remarks  on  the 

Interrelationships  of  the  Nematocera. 

My  (>.  C.  CRVMPTOX,  Mass.  Agricultural  College, 

Amherst,  Mass. 
(Plates   III   and    IV.) 

Through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Campbell  and  Mr.  T.  R. 
Harris,  I  have  been  able  to  make  a  study  of  the  anatomy  of 
such  rare  and  primitive  New  Zealand  Diptera  as  Nem&palpus. 
Tanydcrus,  etc.,  and  Dr.  C.  P.  Alexander  has  very  generously 
permitted  me  to  make  a  detailed  study  of  the  amber  Dipteran 
Macrochilc,  which  is  in  some  respects  the  most  primitive  Dip- 
teran of  which  we  have  any  knowledge  and  presents  many 
features  common  to  several  groups  of  Diptera.  Mr.  R.  Shan- 
non and  Mr.  H.  S.  Barber  have  very  kindly  given  me  a  num- 
ber of  specimens  of  Plilcbototnus,  and  through  the  kindness 
of  Mr.  F.  W.  Edwards,  I  have  been  able  to  study  several  other 
types  of  Psychodidae.  For  the  specimens  of  Nannochorista 
studied,  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  Campbell  and  Mr.  Harris.  Since 
most  of  the  insects  here  figured  are  extremely  rare  and  valu- 
able. I  am  more  than  grateful  to  the  above-mentioned  gentlemen 
for  permitting  me  to  make  this  study. 

The  principal  point  brought  out  in  this  study,  is  the  close 
relationship  between  the  Ptychopteridae,  Tanycleridae  and 
Psychodidae,  indicated  by  the  thoracic  sclerites.  Mr.  Edwards 
has  very  kindly  consented  to  allow  me  to  quote  his  statement, 
made  /'//  liltcris,  that  the  Tanyderidae  and  Psychodidae  should 
be  grouped  in  a  single  superfamily,  the  Psychodoidea.  Just 
after  learning  of  Dr.  Edwards'  view,  I  had  an  opportunity  of 
making  a  detailed  anatomical  study  of  MacrochUc  contained 
in  a  collection  of  amber  Diptcra  received  by  Dr.  Alexander; 
and  the  study  of  Mncrochllc,  which  offers  the  key  to  the  whole 

33 


34  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '26 

situation,  clearly  indicates  that  the  Ptychopteridae,  Tanyderidae 
and  Psychodidae  should  he  grouped  in  a  single  superfamily 
or  similar  division  of  the  Nematocerous  Diptera,  since  Macro- 
chile  is  in  a  sense  a  synthetic  type  combining  characters  occur- 
ring in  the  Ptychopteridae,  Tanyderidae  and  Psychodidae.  In 
fact,  I  consider  that  Mocrochile  is  the  nearest  living  representa- 
tive of  the  common  ancestor  of  these  families,  although  Macro- 
chile  is  itself  an  "out  and  out"  Tanyderid,  as  Dr.  Alexander 
points  out  from  its  venational  characters — and  as  is  indicated 
by  its  head  and  thoracic  structures  as  well. 

Before  taking  up  the  discussion  of  those  features  in  which 
Macrochilc  is  annectant  between  the  rest  of  the  Tanyderidae 
and  the  Ptychopteridae  and  Psychodidae,  I  would  call  atten- 
tion to  some  of  the  thoracic  characters  which  all  of  these  in- 
sects have  in  common,  and  which  indicate  that  they  should 
be  grouped  in  a  single  superfamily,  the  Psychodoidea. 

In  all  of  the  Psychodoidea,  the  meral  region  of  the  middle 
coxa  becomes  detached  from  the  coxa  and  fuses  with  the 
lower  portion  of  the  mesothoracic  epimeron  to  form  the  area 
labelled  iupl  in  all  figures.  The  only  other  lower  Diptera  in 
which  this  occurs  are  the  Eriopterine  Tipuloids*  and  this  fact 
may  have  some  phylogenetic  significance.  There  is  a  fusion 
of  the  meral  region  with  the  lower  portion  of  the  epimeron  in 
the  mesothorax  of  the  Blepharoceridae,  also,  but  the  meron  does 
not  become  detached  from  the  coxa  as  in  the  Psychodoidea  and 
Eriopterine  Tipuloids,  so  that  the  end  result  in  the  Blepharo- 
ceridae is  different,  and  hence  has  no  particular  phylogenetic 
significance. 

A  second  feature  common  to  all  Psychodoids  is  the  fact 
that  the  scutal  suture  labelled  .?  in  all  figures  is  incomplete, 
while  in  the  Tipuloids.  and  of  course  in  the  Eriopterine  Tipu- 
loids as  well,  the  scutal  suture  forms  the  well-known  "V- 
shaped"  suture  familiar  to  all  systematists. 

In  practically  all  Psychodoids,  the  suture  labelled  a  in  all 
figures,  is  incomplete,  and  in  all  of  these  insects,  the  sclerite 
labelled  saf  is  more  or  less  clearly  demarked. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  35 

Macrochile  exhibits  all  of  the  above-mentioned  features 
common  to  all  Psychodoids,  and  in  addition,  it  offers  certain 
characters  indicating"  that  it  is  anatomically  intermediate  be- 
tween the  different  Psychodoid  families,  and  hence  has  de- 
parted less  than  any  of  the  other  forms  here  studied,  from  the 
condition  characteristic  of  the  common  ancestor  of  these  Psy- 
chodoid families. 

Thus,  in  the  length  of  the  coxae,  Macrochile  (Fig.  1)  is 
intermediate  between  the  Tanyderid  types  with  short  coxae 
shown  in  Figs.  2  and  4,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  Psychodid 
types  with  extremely  long  coxae  shown  in  Figs.  8  and  10,  on 
the  other ;  and  it  is  aproached  by  the  Ptychopterid  shown  in 
Fig:.  6.  This  fact  taken  alone,  has  no  particular  significance, 
since  short  and  long  types  of  coxae  occur  in  some  members 
of  all  three  Psychodoid  families,  but  taken  in  connection 
with  the  other  features  here  mentioned,  this  fact  does  have 
some  significance. 

In  the  relative  sizes  of  the  prothorax,  and  the  pronotum  in 
particular,  Macrochile  (Fig.  1)  is  intermediate  between  the 
Tanyderid  types  shown  in  Figs.  2,  3  and  4,  with  their  greatly 
elongated  pronota  and  the  Psychodid  types  shown  in  Figs.  8 
and  10,  with  their  greatly  reduced  pronota ;  and  again,  the  con- 
dition exhibited  by  Macrochile  is  approached  by  that  of  the 
Ptychopterid  shown  in  Fig.  6.  In  fact,  the  general  character 
of  the  thorax  of  Macr&chile,  which  is  not  as  depressed  as  that 
of  the  rest  of  the  Tanyderids,  nor  as  elongated  as  that  of  the 
lower  Psychodids,  furnishes  a  more  suitable  "starting-point" 
from  which  these  other  types  (and  that  of  the  Ptychopterid 
shown  in  Fig.  6,  as  well )  could  be  derived,  than  does  any  other 
of  the  forms  here  shown ;  and  I  think  that  Macrochile  repre- 
sents more  nearly  than  any  other,  the  type  ancestral  to  the 
Psychodoidea  in  general,  although,  of  course,  this  does  not 
mean  that  MacrocJiilc  is  the  actual  ancestor  of  the  Psychodoidea. 

Since  some  Mecoptcra  (which  are  very  like  the  ancestors 
of  the  Diptera )  have  a  rather  broad  pronotum,  as  in  the 
Mecopteran  Nannochorista,  shown  in  Fig.  5,  this  might  be 
taken  to  indicate  that  the  broader  type  of  pronotum  exhibited 


36  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,  '26 

by  the  Tanyderids  shown  in  Figs.  2,  3  and  4,  represents  a 
more  primitive  condition  than  that  of  Macrochile.  On  the 
other  hand,  some  Mecoptera  also  have  quite  narrow  pronota 
(as  in  Bittacns  and  other  members  of  the  order)  so  that  the 
narrow  pronotum  of  Macrochile  is  not  of  necessity  a  specializa- 
tion, and  its  pronotum  is  assuredly  more  like  those  of  the  rest 
of  the  Psychodoidea  than  is  the  case  with  pronota  of  the 
Tanyderids  other  than  Macrochile. 

Although  the  enlarged  pronotum  of  such  Tanyderids  as  the 
ones  shown  in  Fig.  2,  may  not  represent  a  specialization,  the 
greatly  elongated  neck  plate  Ic  of  this  insect  certainly  seems 
to  be  a  case  of  specialization  in  the  direction  of  extreme  length, 
when  we  compare  this  region  in  Tan  yd  cms  (Fig.  2)  with  the 
same  region  in  a  Mecopteran  such  as  Natuiachorista  (Fig.  5), 
and  it  would  seem  that  the  elongated  lateral  cervical  Ic  of  the 
Tanyderids  shown  in  Figs.  4  and  3  shows  more  specialization 
than  does  the  more  normal  type  of  lateral  cervical  Ic  in  the 
insect  shown  in  Fig.  1.     If  the  lateral  cervical  plates  of  these 
Tanyderids  are  more  specialized  than  that  of  Macrochile,  it  is 
also  possible  that  their  pronota  are  likewise  more  specialized 
than  that  of  Macrochile:  and  the  huge  pronotum  of  Peringncy- 
omyina  (Fig.  3)  seems  to  indicate  that  there  is  an  orthogene- 
tic  tendency  in  the  group  to  develop  an  unusually  long  prono- 
tum, so  that  the  large  pronota  of  these  Tanyderids  may  pos- 
sibly denote  a  degree  of  specialization  rather  than  a  retention 
of  a  condition  more  primitive  than  that  exhibited  by  Macrochile. 
Whether  or  not  Macrochile's  pronotum  is  more  primitive  than 
the  pronota  of  the  other  Tanyderids,  it  is  none  the  less  true 
that  MacrocJiilc's  pronotum  is  more  like  that  of  the  rest  of  the 
Psychodoidea ;   and    the    rest   of    the    Psychodoidea    exhibit 
marked  tendency  toward  the  reduction  of  the  pronotum  which 
is  carried  to  the  extreme  in  such  Psychodoids  as  the  one  shown 
in  Fig.  7.  or  in  those  shown  in  Figs.  11,  10  etc.     Macrochih 
would    thus    offer   a   better    "starting    point"    than    any   other 
Tanyderid,  in  attempting  to  trace  the  modification  of  the  pro- 
nota of  the  Psychodoidea  in  general. 

In  regard  to  the  metanotum,  this  region  is  extremely  large 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     XliXVS  37 

• 

in  Xcinopulpits,  Bnte/ioinyia  and  Psychotla  (  I.  c.,  the  region 
labelled  //////  in  Figs.  8,  10  and  11  ),  although  in  such  a  Psycho- 
did  as  Phlebotomus  (  Fig.  9,  inln  )  it  becomes  markedly  narrow 
in  the  median  region.  The  metanotum  intii  of  Macrochile 
( Fig.  1  )  is  somewhat  intermediate  in  type  between  that  of 
the  Tanyderids  and  Psychodids,  so  that  even  in  this  particular 
also,  Macrochile  occupies  an  intermediate  anatomical  position 
in  keeping  with  its  general  annectant  character. 

It  is  rather  disappointing  to  find  that  Phlebotomus'  meta- 
notum is  narrowed  in  the  median  region,  since  the  combina- 
tion of  peculiarly  broad  metanotum  and  extremely  narrowed 
pronotum  would  otherwise  serve  to  differentiate  the  Psy- 
chodidae  from  the  other  Psychodoid  families.  The  very 
narrow  pronotum  and  medianly  narrowed  metanotum  of 
Bittacomorpha  ( Fig.  7 )  however,  would  indicate  that  Bitta- 
coniorpJia  might  have  inherited  some  of  the  tendencies  which 
affect  the  mode  of  development  of  Phlebotomus  (Fig.  9)  also, 
and  the  Psychodidae  and  Ptychopteridae  thus  exhibit  in  some 
of  their  members  peculiar  tendencies  which  may  have  been 
inherited  from  a  common  ancestry.  The  type  of  pronota, 
however,  is  not  precisely  similar  in  the  Psychodidae  and  in 
the  Ptychopteridae  with  reduced  pronotum  (Fig.  7),  so  that 
there  is  no  difficulty  in  distinguishing  the  two  groups  thorac- 
ically,  and  the  suture  b,  present  in  the  Psychodids,  is  lacking 
in  the  Pty chop ter ids. 

All  of  the  Ptychopteridae  which  I  have  examined  have  a 
peculiar  "prehaltere"  labelled  />/•//  in  Figs.  6  and  7.  This  "pre- 
haltere"  may  possibly  serve  as  an  organ  for  detecting  currents 
of  air  in  Might,  or  for  directing  flight,  or  some  similar  func- 
tion, although  its  real  significance  is  not  known.  It  seems 
to  lie  peculiar  to  the  Ptychopteridae,  since  I  have  seen  no 
mention  of  its  occurrence  in  other  groups  of  Diptera,  although 
in  the  Syrphidae  an  organ  having  a  somewhat  similar  appear- 
ance occurs  under  the  fore  wing  in  the  region  of  the  subalar 
plate,  but  of  course  it  is  not  in  any  sense  homologous  with 
the  organ  in  question  in  the  Ptychopteridae. 

The  location  of  the  metathoracic  spiracle  extremely  close  to 


38  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS-  [Feb..    '26 

the  base  of  the  cut-off  halter  in  the  Ptychopterids  here  figured 
is  a  character  they  share  with  all  Psychodoids,  while  the 
very  tiny  mesothoracic  spiracle  (located  just  back  of  the  pro- 
notum)  is  peculiar  to  all  the  Psychodidae  and  the  tendency 
toward  the  reduction  of  the  mesothoracic  spiracle  is  not  shared 
by  the  rest  of  the  Psychodoidea.  It  may  be  remarked  in  pass- 
ing, that  the  mesothoracic  spiracle  of  the  Mecopteran 
Nannochorista  (Fig/  5)  is  very  tiny  also,  but  the  meso- 
thoracic spiracle  is  proportionately  much  larger  in  the 
Mecopter*an  Bittacns. 

The  thoracic  features  indicating  a  close  relationship  between 
the  Ptychopteridae,  Tanyderidae  and  Psychodidae.  then,  are 
the  location  of  the  metathoracic  spiracle  very  close  to  the 
halter,  the  fusion  of  the  detached  mesothoracic  meron  with  the 
lower  portion  of  the  epimtron,  the  demarcation  of  the  sclerite 
saf,  and  the  incomplete  character  of  the  suture  a,  and  of  the 
suture  .v  (of  all  figures).  The  nature  of  the  thoracic  struc- 
ture would  thus  indicate  that  the  Ptychopteridae,  Tanyderidae 
and  Psychodidae  were  descended  from  a  common  ancestry 
(from  which  Macrochile  has  departed  but  little)  and  should  be 
grouped  in  a  single  superfamily,  the  Psychodoidea. 

I  formerly  thought  that  the  subfamily  Bruchomyinae, 
placed  in  the  Tanyderidae  by  Dr.  Alexander,  represents  a 
distinct  family,  the  "Bruchomyidae,"  but  the  thoracic  sclerites 
of  Brnchornyia  and  Xcmof>alpns  (Figs.  10  and  8)  are  so 
similar  to  those  of  such  Psychodidae  as  Phlcbotomus  (Fig.  9) 
that  it  is  necessary  to  place  the  Bruchomyines  in  the  family 
Psychodidae.  The  male  genitalia.  venation,  etc.,  of  Brtich- 
omyia,  however,  are  of  a  quite  different  type  from  those  of 
Phlcbotomus  and  Psychoda,  and  I  would  prefer  to  retain  the 
subfamily  Bruchomyinae  instead  of  sinking  it  in  the  Phlebo- 
tominae  as  Mr.  Edwards  seems  inclined  to  do. 

(To  he   continued.) 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

a Anepisternal  suture 

acm Pteropleurite  or  ancpimerum 

acs Anepisternuni 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  39 

apu Antepronotum 

b Anepimeral  suture 

bp Basalar  pit 

c Pleural  suture 

ex Coxa 

cc Eucoxa 

em Epimerum 

es Episternum 

lc Lateral  cervical  plate  (laterocervicale) 

mpl Meropleurum 

mt Mediotergum 

intn Metanotum 

p Prescutal  suture 

pat Paratergum 

pn Pronotum 

poh Posthaltere 

ppn Postpronotum 

prh Prehaltere 

psc Prescutum 

psl Postscutellum 

pt Postalare  or  pleurotergum 

s Scutal  suture 

saf Subalifer 

xc Scutum 

si Scutellum 

spl Sternopleurum  or  katepisternum 

st Sternum 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES  III  AND  IV. 
Fig.   1.  .  .  .Thorax  of  Tarry derid  Macrochile  spectrum 
Fig.  2.... Thorax    of    Tanyderid    Tanydcrus    forcipatus   and 

another  species  combined 

Fig.  3 .  .  .  .  Prothorax  of  Tanyderid  Peringueyomyina  barnardi 
Fig.  4.  .  .  .Thorax  of  Tanyderid  Protoplasa  filchii 
Fig.  5.  .  .  .Prothorax  of  Mecopteran  Nannochorista  diptcroidcs 
Fig.  6.  .  .  .Thorax  of  Ptychopterid  Ptychoptcra  rnfocincta 
Fig.  7.  .  .  .Thorax  of  Bittacomorpha  clavipes  (a  Ptychopterid) 
Fig.  8.  .  .  .Thorax  of  Psychodid  Nemopalpus  seylandlae 
Fig.  9.  .  .  .Thorax  of  Psychodid  Phlebotomus  sp. 
Fig.   10.  .  .Thorax  of  Psychodid  Brnclnmiyui  (ir^cntimi 
Fig.   11... Thorax  of  Psychodid  Psychoda  sp. 

All  figures  are  lateral  views,  and  the  anterior  end  is  directed 
toward  the  left  hand  margin  ;  the  dorsal  region  is  toward  the 
top  of  the  plate. 


40  ENTOMOLOGICAL  \ii\vs  [Feb.,  '26 

A  New  Californian  Syrphid  (Diptera). 

By  W.  M.  DAVIDSON,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology, 
Vienna,  Virginia.* 

Ceriodes  durani  sp.  nov. 

Medium-sized  species;  pedicel  of  antennae  very  short;  third 
antennal  joint  longer  than  second  ;  abdomen  slightly  longer  than 
head  and  thorax  combined,  basally  constricted;  black  and 
yellow  species  with  rufous  legs. 

$.  Length  (antennae  excluded)  12mm..  Length  of  wing 
9mm.  Antennal  process  or  pedicel  short,  below  practically 
obsolete,  one-fifth  as  long  as  first  antennal  joint,  testaceous, 
black  at  base  where  it  joins  the  frons.  First  antennal  joint  a 
little  shorter  than  third,  third  nearly  three  times  as  long  as 


Antennae  of  Ceriodes  durani. 

second,  style  two-thirds  as  long  as  second  joint ;  first  joint 
rufo-testaceous,  second  fuscous,  shining,  third  dull  velvety 
black,  style  bright  yellow,  terminal ;  first  two  joints  short  black 
pilose.  Front  yellow,  a  broad  transverse  black  band  across  the 
ocelli  reaching  the  eyes,  pile  fulvous.  Rugose  areas  of  the 
chitin  are  present  adjacent  to  the  upper  eye  corners.  Post- 
ocular  orbits  black,  yellow  pollinose  and  pilose  and  enclosing  an 
irregularly-shaped  orange  spot  at  lower  third  of  the  eyes.  Below 
the  eyes'  is  an  elongate  orange  spot  widening  at  its  junction 
with  the  mouth  edge  and  enclosed  by  the  black  of  the  cheeks 
and  the  black  oblique  facial  stripe  which  connects  the  lower 
eye  margin  with  the  mouth  edge.  Sparse  fulvous  pile  on 
cheeks  and  lower  face.  Face  yellow,  about  the  base  of  the 
antennal  pedicel  black,  a  small  black  dash  on  either  side  of  the 
median  below  the  antennae,  a  brown  median  spot  just  above 
the  oral  margin,  an  oblique  black  stripe  connecting  the  lower 
eye  corner  with  the  mouth  edge.  Profile  almost  straight,  a 
hardly  perceptible  tubercle  just  above  the  center  of  the  mouth. 
Thorax  dull  black,  with  two  narrow  yellow  parallel  dorso- 

*  Published  with  permission  nf   the   Secretary  of   Agriculture. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKNVS  41 

lateral  stripes  behind  the  suture  and  not  attaining  any  margin 
or  suture.  Posterior  angles  brown.  Humeral  and  ante-alar 
callosities  yellow ;  a  large  oval  yellow  spot  on  the  mesopleura, 
a  smaller  one  on  the  sternopleura  below,  no  yellow  spot  on  the 
pteropleura.  Halteres  orange.  Squamae  white ;  pile  fulvous, 
short.  Wings  without  bristles  except  on  the  costa ;  anterior  half 
clouded  light  brown ;  discal  portion  of  third  vein  obtusely 
angulate  and  petiolate  midway  between  its  apex  and  the  anterior 
cross-vein.  Legs  reddish-yellow ;  femora  on  distal  half  below 
armed  with  two  rows  of  short  black  spines.  Pile  of  legs  ful- 
vous. Coxae  brown,  light  pilose.  Scutellum  yellow,  anterior 
margin  narrowly  black,  pile  yellow.  The  thoracic  pile  is  white 
and  recurvent  on  the  dorsum  and  fulvous  on  the  yellow  side 
areas.  Post-scutellum  black. 

Abdomen  constricted)  at  the  suture  between  first  and  second 
segments,  widest  at  middle  of  third  segment.  First  segment 
black,  sides  narrowly  brown,  pile  mostly  whitish  and  erect  at 
sides.  Second  segment  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  third  or 
fourth,  black,  sides  narrowly  brown,  the  posterior  bojrder 
broadly  yellow,  annulate  and  shining;  pile  mostly  fulvou?  and 
recurvent.  Third  and  fourth  segments  black,  each  with  a 
broad  posterior  yellow  shining  fascia  and  fulvous  recurvent 
pile.  On  the  dull  disc  of  the  third  segment  are  two  small 
triangular  areas  of  yellow  pollen,  separated  narrowly  in  the 
middle,  their  bases  almost  attaining  the  yellow  posterior  fascia. 
Similar  but  more  extensive  pollinose  areas  occur  on  the  fourth 
segment,  and  these  almost  reach  the  anterior  and  lateral  mar- 
gins of  the  segment.  Fifth  segment  and  venter  of  fourth  black, 
entirely  clothed  with  yellow  pollen.  Pile  of  the  posterior 
segments  fulvous  and  recurvent.  The  yellow  fasciae  reach  the 
lateral  margins  for  their  full  width. 

<3.     Length    (antennae  excluded)    11.5mm. 

Vertical  triangle  black,  shining.  The  enclosed  yellow  stripe 
below  the  eyes  reduced  to  two  small  spots,  and  the  orange  spot 
behind  the  eyes  much  less  extensive  than  in  the  female.  The 
brown  spot  on  the  face  below  darker  and  more  extensive  than 
in  the  female,  and  produced  upwards  almost  to  the  antennal 
pedicel  in  two  narrow  brown  lines.  Eighth  tergite  black,  yel- 
lowish pollinose,  with  two  small  testaceous  spots  in  front,  the 
pile  yellow  and  black.  Sixth  and  seventh  tergites  light  brown, 
chiefly  black  pilose. 

Type  female  collected  on  April  18,  1915,  in  Mitchell  Canyon 
at  the  base  of  Mt.  Diablo,  Contra  Costal  County,  California. 


42  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '26 

Allotypc  male  collected  on  April  23,  1916,  in  the  same  locality. 
Both  were  taken  about  blossoms  of  poison  oak  (Rhus  divcrsi- 
Icba),  a  plant  much  favored  by  syrphids.  Types  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum  (Cat.  No.  28121). 

Named  for  Mr.  Victor  Duran,  who  has  collected  extensively 
in  California. 

Enodia  portlandia,  andromacha  and  creola 
(Lep.,  Rhopalocera). 

By  HENRY  SKINNER. 

Mr.  George  P.  Engelhardt,  Curator  of  the  Department  of 
Natural  Science  of  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  has  recently  sent 
me  six  specimens  of  an  Enodia,  one  from  Mobile.  Alabama,  and 
five  from  Gainesville,  Florida,  all  taken  in  the  month  of  May. 

There  were  five  specimens  here  at  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia :  four  from  Chicasaw,  Alabama,  taken 
near  the  end  of  August,  by  W.  C.  Dukes,  and  one  from  Macon, 
Georgia,  caught  by  Fred.  W.  Walker,  April  llth,  1915.  The 
specimens  from  Florida  and  the  other  places  are  a  form  or  race 
that  have  been  sent  to  me  as  creola  Skinner.  However,  it  is 
not  the  same  form  or  species.  I  only  know  of  creola  from  the 
type  and  allotype  in  the  collection  here  at  the  Academy  and  the 
perfect  figure  of  the  insect  in  Dr.  Holland's  Butterfly  Book. 

The  southern  form  from  Florida,  Alabama  and  Georgia  is 
very  well  figured  under  the  name  andromaclia  in  Hiibner's 
Samm.  Exotischer  Schmetterlinge,  Band  I.  It  is  also  beauti- 
fully figured  by  Boisduval  and  Leconte,  Hist.  Gen.  Lep.  Amer. 
Sept.  pi.  58,  under  the  name  portlandia.  Typical  portlandia  is 
well  figured  by  W.  H.  Edwards  in  his  great  work  on  the  But- 
terflies of  North  America,  volume  three  We  have  some  nice 
specimens  of  portlandia  from  as  far  north  as  Miniota,  Mani- 
toba, Canada,  taken  by  Hugh  Gibbon,  in  the  latter  part  of 
June.  Andromacha  represents  the  Gulf  State  form  of  port- 
ion diet,  or  a  different  species,  according  to  whether  you  are  a 
lumper  or  a  splitter. 

The  exact  status  of  creola  is  not  known  ;  the  spaces  between 
the  veins  on  the  primary  wings  are  filled  by  plush-like  scales. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  43 

olive-green  in  color  and  on  each  of  these  spaces  is  a  fawn- 
colored  spot,  wedge-shaped,  and  at  the  outer  end  of  each  of 
these  is  an  ocellus  ;  the  first,  third  and  fourth  are  of  the  same 
size  and  the  second  and  fifth  are  almost  ohsolete.  The  ocelli  in 
androiuacha  vary  in  size  and  are  twice  as  large  as  in  crcola. 
There  is  no  white  on  crcola  below,  which  is  so  conspicuous  in 
andromacha.  If  one  compares  Dr.  Holland's  figure  of  crcola 
with  the  figure  of  andromacha  ( as  portlandia )  in  Boisduval 
and  Leconte,  the  differences  will  be  readily  seen.  What  their 
relationship  is,  time,  study  and  plenty  of  material  will  deter- 
mine. 

^^H  —  *** — 

A  Short  List  of  Scutelleroidea  Collected  in 
New  Mexico  in  1916. 

By  GEO  W.  BARBER, 

Cereal   and    Forage    Insect    Investigations,    Bureau   of    Ento- 
mology, United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 
During  the  summer  of  1916  at  a  field  station  located  at  Max- 
well,  New  Mexico,  the  writer  was  engaged  in  a  study  of  a 
Pentatomid  (Chlorochrou  sayi  Stal)  injurious  to  the  immature 
heads  of  grain.    Several  species  of  Scutelleroidea  were  collected 
from  May  to  September  of  that  year  and  the  following  list 
of  these  captures  is  offered  here  in  the  interest  of  geographical 
distribution. 

Maxwell,  Colfax  County,  New  Mexico,  lies  in  the  north- 
eastern corner  of  the  state  on  the  Santa  Fe  railroad,  about  20 
miles  from  the  Colorado  line.  The  immediate  country  is  a 
rolling  plateau,  the  elevation  of  Maxwell  being  6,078  feet  ac- 
cording to  Gannett's  Dictionary  of  Altitudes  in  the  United 
States  (1890,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  160).  This  plateau  is 
bounded  by  mountains  on  the  north,  east  and  west,  but  is  open 
towards  the  south.  On  the  west  Culebra  range  lies,  some  30 
miles  distant  while  the  Raton  range  lies  about  10  miles  to  the 
east  and  borders  the  plateau  on  the  north.  At  Maxwell,  a  small 
irrigation  project  supported  a  population  of  a  few  hundred 
people  in  1916,  the  principal  crops  being  alfalfa,  sugar  beets, 
beans  and  so  forth. 


44                                              ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS                           |  Feb.,    '26 

Several  years  ago  Mr.  Otto  Heidemann  determined  several 

of  the  species  listed,  while  Prof.  E.  P.  Van  Duzee  has  more 

recently  named  several  others.     A  list  of  the  species  collected 
during  1916  follows : 

Homaemus  parvulus  ( Germ,  i  VIII  18;  IX  18,  30. 

Amncstns  pusillus  Uhl.  IX  2. 

Rhytldolouiia  vlridicata  (  Walk. )  V  28. 

Rhytidolomia  faccta  (Say)  V  19. 

Chlorochroa  ligata  (Say)  V  22    IX    16. 

Chlorochroa  sayi  Stal  Throughout  season. 

Carpocoris  reuwtus  Horv.  VII    14. 

Aelia  aincricaiia   Dall.  V  25. 

Thyanta  cnstator  (Fabr.)  Throughout  season. 

Thyanta  rugnlosa   (Say)  V   18. 

Murgantia  histrionica  (Hahn)  V   19. 

Perillus  biocitlatus   (Fabr.)  V  28. 

Perillus  virgatus  Dist.  V  22;   VI    14. 

Apateticns  marginiventris  (Stal)  VII  21. 

Podisus  acntissiimis  Stal  \'1TI  7. 


Undescribed  Species  of  Crane-Flies  from  the  Eastern 
United  States  and  Canada.     (Dipt.  :  Tipulidae). 

Part  II. 

By  CHARLES  P.  ALEXANDER,  Massachusetts  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, Arnherst,  Massachusetts. 

In  the  present  paper  a  few  of  the  more  interesting  novelties 
that  have  recently  come  to  hand  are  described.  These  were 
included  in  extensive  collections  submitted  by  Professor  Rogers 
and  Mr.  Curran,  and  smaller  lots  received  from  Dr.  Crampton, 
Mr.  Lacroix  and  Mr.  Shannon.  The  very  interesting  Hc.ra- 
toma  was  included  in  the  extensive  collections  of  the  Vienna 
Museum,  kindly  sent  to  me  for  study  by  Dr.  Zernv  in  1921. 

j  j  j  j 

The  fly  was  described  at  that  time,  but  the  diagnosis  withheld 
from  press  in  the  hope  that  more  material  would  be  forthcom- 
ing in  some  one  or  another  of  the  extensive  collections  of  North 
American  Tipulidae  now  being  studied.  No  further  material 
has  come  to  hand,  however,  and  it  seems  best  to  describe  the 
species  without  further  delay.  My  sincere  thanks  are  extended 
to  all  of  the  gentlemen  mentioned  for  their  kind  co-operation 
in  makincr  known  this  still  insufficiently-known  fauna.  Where 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  45 

not  mentioned  to  the  contrary,  the  types  are  preserved  in  tin- 
writer's  collection. 

Dicranomyia  rogersiana  sp.  n. 

General  coloration  shiny  brown  and  yellow;  antennae  brown- 
ish black  throughout ;  head  gray,  the  center  of  the  vertex  black  ; 
mesonotal  praescutum  with  three  broad  darker  stripes;  win-s 
with  a  faint  brownish  tinge,  stigma  oval,  darker  brown  ;  Sc 
long,  Sci  and  Sc-2  subequal ;  cell  1st  M>>  closed;  male  hypopy- 
gium  with  a  single  dististyle  that  is  narrowed  at  apex  into  a 
.slender  finger-like  lobe. 

c?  Length  about  4  mm. ;  wing  4.8  mm.  $  Length  about  5 
mm. ;  wing  5.4  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  brownish  black.  Antennae  brownish 
black  throughout,  the  flagellar  segments  short-oval,  becoming 
more  elongate  outwardly,  the  verticils  longer  than  the  segments. 
Head  dark  gray,  the  center  of  the  vortex  black. 

Pronotum  dark  brown  above,  paler  laterally.  Mesonotal 
praescutum  shiny  yellow  with  three  broad  shiny  brown  stripes, 
the  median  one  broad,  more  widened  posteriorly ;  lateral  stripes 
widely  separated  from  the  median  one,  occupying  the  lateral 
margin  of  the  praescutum  and  not  confluent  with  the  scutal 
vittae ;  remainder  of  mesonotum  shiny  light  brown.  Pleura 
dark  brown.  In  the  type  male,  the  colors  are  much  paler  and 
the  specimen  is  presumably  teneral.  Halteres  short,  yellow,  the 
knobs  brown. 

Legs  with  the  coxae  and  trochanters  brownish  testaceous: 
femora  dark  brown,  the  bases  paler ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  brownish 
black. 

Wings  -with  a  very  faint  brownish  tinge,  the  oval  stigma 
darker  brown ;  veins  dark  brown.  Macrotrichiae  of  veins  rela- 
tively long  and  conspicuous.  Venation :  Sc  long,  ending  op- 
posite two-thirds  the  length  of  Rs  (?)  to  four-fifths  this  dis- 
tance (J1)  Sc-2  at  tip  of  Sci,  Rs  arcuated  to  slightly  angulated 
at  origin;  r  at  tip  of  R] ,  provided  with  macrotrichiae,  the  tip 
of  RI  pale  and  subobsolete ;  cell  1st  M ^  large,  short-rectangular, 
about  one-half  longer  than  vein  J/4  beyond  it;  in-cit  close  to 
fork  of  M.  In  the  female.  //;  is  longer  and  arcuated. 

Abdomen  dark  brown,  the  ninth  segment  of  male  more  yel- 
lowish ;  hypopygiuni  dark.  .Male  hypopygium  with  the  basis- 
tyles  elongate,  with  a  simple  lobe  near  base  of  the  ventro-mesal 
aspect.  A  single  dististyle,  this  broad  on  basal  two-thirds, 
the  apical  third  suddenly  prolonged  into  a  slender,  finger-like 
lobe;  outer  face  of  style  with  a  few  long  powerful  setae,  the 


46  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '26 

lower  or  cephalic  face  with  more  abundant  microscopic  setulae. 
Ovipositor  with  the  tergal  valves  slender,  acute  at  tips,  gently 
upcurved. 

Habitat.  —  Georgia,  Florida.  Holotype  :  <$,  Gainesville, 
Alachua  County,  Florida,  May  30,  1924  (/.  S.  Rogers')  ;  Col- 
lector's No.  156.  Allotype:  ?,  2  miles  north  of  Vienna,  Dooley 
County,  Georgia,  June  1,  1923,  at  light  (J.  S.  Rogers). 

This  interesting  crane-fly  is  named  in  honor  of  my  friend, 
Professor  J.  Speed  Rogers.  Of  the  described  Nearctic  species 
the  fly  may  be  confused  only  with  D.  ghbithora.r  Osten  Sacken, 
from  which  it  differs  in  the  normal  structure  of  the  mesonotum, 
the  venation,  and  structure  of  the  male  hypopygium.  The  type 
is  preserved  in  the  writer's  collection,  the  allotype  returned  to 
Professor  Roers. 


Dicranomyia  lacroixi  sp.  n. 

General  coloration  brownish  ochreous.  the  praescutum  with 
three  conspicuous  dark  brown  stripes  ;  pleura  uniformly  och- 
reous  :  antennae  black  throughout:  winrs  narrow,  cell  1st  M-> 
closed  ;  male  hypopygium  with  a  single  dististyle.  this  produced 
into  an  elongate  powerful  rostrum  bearing  a  single  small  spine 
nepr  midlength. 

c?  Length  about  6  mm.  ;  wins:  6.9  mm. 

Rostrum  brownish  vellow,  the  palpi  black.  Antennae  black 
throughout,  the  flagellar  segments  oval  with  short  verticils. 
Head  dark  gray,  the  anterior  vertex  more  infuscated,  the  occi- 
put paling  into  brownish  ochreous  :  anterior  vertex  about  one- 
half  wider  than  the  diameter  of  the  basal  scapal  segment. 

Pronotum  brownish  ochreous  with  a  broad,  dark  brown, 
dorsal  stripe.  Mesonotum  brownish  ochreous  the  praescutum 
with  three  conspicuous  dark  brown  stripes,  the  short  lateral 
strines  crossing  the  suture  and  including  the  scutal  lobes  ;  re- 
mainder of  mesonotum  dark-colored,  pruinose.  Pleura  uni- 
formly brownish  ochreous,  this  color  likewise  including  the 
postnotal  pleurotergite.  Halteres  relatively  short,  dark  brown, 
the  extreme  base  of  stem  yellowish. 

Legs  with  the  coxae  and  trochanters  obscure  yellow;  re- 
mainder of  legs  elongate,  dark  brown,  the  femoral  bases  paler. 

Wings  long  and  narrow,  tinged  with  yellowish  ;  a  vague 
dusky  seam  along  vein  Cu^  and  the  anal  angle  strongly  infus- 
cated ;  veins  of  the  costal  region  yellowish,  the  distal  arid 
posterior  veins  darker.  Venation  :  Sc-^  ending  about  opposite 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  47 

one-fifth  the  length  of  Rs,  Sc2  not  evident ;  Rs  gently  arcuated,- 
about  one-half  longer  than  the  basal  section  of  ^4+5  which  is 
almost  in  alignment ;  r  faint,  at  extreme  tip  of  RI  ;  cell  1st  M2 
closed,  rectangular,  approximately  equal  in  length  to  the  veins 
beyond  it ;  transverse  elements  closing  cell  1st  KI^  very  pale ; 
m-cn  at  fork  of  M. 

Abdomen  brown,  the  sternites  paler.  Male  hypopygium  with 
the  ninth  tergite  deeply  notched  medially,  each  lateral  lobe 
rounded  and  with  about  a  dozen  powerful  elongate  setae,  with 
additional  smaller  ones.  Basistyles  relatively  small,  the  mesa! 
lobe  slender,  the  setae  on  its  cephalic  face  longer.  A  single 
developed  dististyle,  this  a*  small  fleshy  lobe  that  is  provided 
with  long  setae,  the  mesal  face  produced  mesad  into  a  long, 
gently  curved  rostrum  with  a  single,  gently  curved  spine  near 
midlength  of  caudal  margin ;  apex  of  rostrum  with  a  few  small 
setae.  Gonapophyses  with  the  mesal  lobe  long  and  slender,  the 
tip  subacute. 

Habitat. — Massachusetts.  Holotypc:  <$,  Rochester,  Ply- 
mouth County,  on  cranberry  bog,  July  9,  1924  (D.  S.  Lacroix). 

Dicranomyia  lacroi.vi  is  named  in  honor  of  the  collector  of 
the  type-specimen,  Mr.  Donald  Lacroix.  The  species  is  very 
isolated  although  bearing  a  superficial  resemblance  to  D.  longi- 
pcnnis  (Schummel),  to  which  species  it  would  run  by  the 
author's  key  to  the  Eastern  species  of  Dicranomyia  (Cornell 
Univ.  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.,  Mem.  25:  894-895;  1919).  The  fly  is 
readily  distinguished  by  the  diagnostic  characters  indicated 
above. 

Dicranomyia  cramptoni  sp.  n. 

General  coloration  dark  brown,  the  pleura  yellowish  gray 
pruinose ;  antennae  black  throughout ;  rostrum  dark ;  halteres 
short,  the  knobs  inf  uscated ;  wings  tinged  with  gray,  the  stigma 
brown  ;  Sc  1  long,  ending  opposite  or  just  beyond  the  origin  of 
Rs:  male  hypopygium  large  and  very  complicated  in  structure. 

<$.  Length  5.5-5.8  mm. ;  wing  6-6.5  mm.  ?.  Length  about 
6.5-7  mm. ;  wing  about  6.2  mm. 

Rostrum  and  palpi  brownish  black'.  Antennae  black  through- 
out, the  flagellar  segments  oval.  Head  gray,  the  anterior  vertex 
about  twice  as  wide  as  the  diameter  of  scape. 

Pronotum  dark  brown.  Mesmmtum  dark  brown,  the  prae- 
scutum  laterally  with  a  sparse  yellow  pollen,  the  median  stripe 
remaining  shiny,  scutellum  dark  brown  with  an  obscure  yellow 
basal  median  spot ;  postnotum  dark  brown,  gray  pruinose. 


48  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,  '26 

Pleura  dark  brown,  heavily  yellowish  gray  pruinose.     Halteres 
relatively  short,  obscure  yellow,  the  knobs  dark  brown. 

Legs  with  the  coxae  and  trochanters  obscure  yellow ;  femora 
light  brown,  the  bases  extensively  more  yellowish,  the  tips  nar- 
rowly dark  brown  ;  tibiae  brown,  the  tips  somewhat  darker,  tarsi 
brownish  black. 

Wings  with  a  faint  grayish  tinge;  stigma  small,  circular, 
brown,  veins  dark  brown.  Venation :  Sc-[  ending  opposite  or 
slightly  beyond  the  origin  of  Rs,  5Y2  some  distance  from  its 
tip,  Sci  alone  about  equal  to  or  longer  than  in- en ;  vein  RI 
curved  toward  ^2+3  at  the  stigma,  the  tip  pale  and  subobso- 
lete ;  Rs  arcuated,  about  twice  the  basal  deflection  of  /?4  +  .->  ; 
cell  1st  A/o  closed,  rectangular,  shorter  than  any  of  the  veins 
beyond  it ;  in-cn  at  or  before  the  fork  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  dark  brown,  the  sternites  obscure  brown- 
ish yellow  ;  hypopygium  dark.  Male  hypopygium  very  large 
and  complicated  in  structure.  Ninth  tergite  with  a  stout  lobe  at 
each  caudo-lateral  angle,  each  of  these  provided  with  two  tufts 
of  stout  vellow  setae,  the  space  between  the  lobes  extensive, 
broadly  U-shaped.  Basistyle  stout,  the  ventro-mesal  lobe  large 
and  complicated,  with  a  duskv,  more  basal,  cylindrical  lobule 
terminating  in  a  brush  of  yellow  setae ;  apex  of  lobe  broadly 
expanded  into  a  flattened  pale  blade  that  is  further  split  into 
three  conspicuous  divisions,  the  margins  of  which  are  conspi- 
cuously fringed  with  setae.  At  the  base  of  the  ventral  dististyle, 
on  ventral  side,  a  powerful,  terete,  boomerang-shaped  structure, 
pale  in  color,  directed  ventrad  and  caudad.  Ventral  dististyle 
large  and  fleshy,  the  usual  rostriform  structure  here  greatly 
complicated  by  supernumerary  outgrowths,  including  a  long, 
pale  tail-like  blade  near  the  usual  two  spines ;  apex  of  rostrum 
expanded  into  two  flattened,  divergent  blades,  the  more  basal 
of  which  is  densely  set  with  setae  and  short  spinulae.  Dorsal 
dististyle  strongly  curved,  the  tip  .suddenly  narrowed  to  an  acute 
point.  Ovipositer  with  the  tergal  valves  relatively  small  and 
slender,  gently  upcurved,  projecting  very  slightly  beyond  the 
level  of  the  stout,  straight  sternal  valves. 

Habitat. — Massachusetts.  J-lolotyfe:  d.  Fish-hatchery,  near 
Sunderland,  Franklin  County,  altitude  200  feet,  October  16, 
1924  (C.  P.  Alexander).  Allotofotype,  9.  Paratopotvpes,  3  al- 
coholic c?cT,  October  15,  1924  (G.  C.  Crampon);  3  <$<$'.  3  $?.  with 
the  type  (C.  P.  Alexander). 

Dicranomyia  eraniptoni  is  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  G.  C. 
Crampton,  who  collected  the  first-discovered  specimens.  The 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NE\YS  49 

fiies  were  swept  from  small  patches  of  Jnnciis  in  a  single  res- 
tricted locality.  The  fly  is  very  different  from  any  known  to 
the  writer.  The  structure  of  the  male  hypopygium  is  exceed- 
ingly complicated  by  outgrowths  that  involve  not  only  the  basis- 
tyles  but  even  more  strikingly  the  rostral  region  of  the  ventral 
dististyle.  The  hypopygium  is  more  complicated  in  structure 
than  in  either  of  the  Palaearctic  species,  D.  ni-agnicanda  Lund- 
strom  (Northern  Europe)  or  D.  inc^dcanda  Alexander 
(Northern  Japan"). 

Hexatoma  microcera  sp.  n. 

General  coloration  gray  pruinose ;  antennae  of  male  short, 
if  bent  backward  barely  attaining  the  wing-root;  praescutum 
with  three  blackish  stripes ;  legs  comparatively  short  and  stout ; 
wings  subhyaline,  faintly  tinged  with  brown;  r  on  ^0+3  near 
the  fork. 

c?.  Length  5.8-6.5  mm. ;  wing  7.1-8  mm. 

Rostrum  short,  brown,  pruinose;  palpi  dark  brown.  Anten- 
nae relatively  short,  if  bent  backward  barely  attaining  the  wing- 
root,  dark  brown ;  seven  antennal  segments,  the  terminal  one 
microscopic ;  first  flagellar  segment  about  equal  to  the  follov.  ing 
two  taken  together ;  flagellar  segments  2,  3  and  4  gradually 
shortened.  Head  dark  brown,  the  orbits  narrowly  light  gray 
pruinose,  the  low  vertical  tubercle  likewise  pruinose. 

Mesonotum  light  gray,  the  praescutum  with  three  blackish 
stripes;  scutum  gray,  the  centers  of  the  lobes  blackish;  scutel- 
lum  and  postnotum  gray  pruinose.  Pleura  dark  brown,  pruin- 
ose, the  dorsopleural  membrane  dark  brown.  Thorax  clothed 
with  moderately  long  erect  white  setae.  Halteres  pale,  the 
knobs  infuscatecl. 

Legs  comparatively  short  and  stout ;  coxae  gray  pruinose ; 
femora  reddish  brown,  the  tips  passing  into  black ;  tibiae  and 
basitarsi  similar,  their  tips  narrowly  darkened ;  remainder  of 
tarsi  dark  brown. 

Wings  subhyaline,  faintly  tinged  with  brown  in  cells  C  and 
Sc,  along  Rs  and  the  radial  veins  and  along  the  cord  ;  veins  dark- 
brown.  Venation:  Sc~i  ending  immediately  before  the  fork  of 
Rs,  Sc2  some  distance  from  its  tip,  Sc-[  alone  about  equal  to 
r-;//;  r  on  T^o-j-^  a  little  more  than  its  own  length  before  the 
fork;  cell  R>2  larger  than  cell  2nd  RI  ;  veins  ^/iH-^,  A/ 4  and 
Ciii  subevanescent  at  tips ;  m-cu  at  or  just  before  the  fork  of 
M. 

Abdomen  dark  brown,  provided  with  erect  white  setae. 


50  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NE\v.s  [Feb.,  '26 

Habitat. — North  America,  without  exact  data.  Plolotypc,  d1, 
Labelled  "Smiths,  Amer.  bor.,  1867."  Paratopotypcs,  2  dtf. 

Type  in  the  collection  of  the  Vienna  Museum. 

Compared  with  He.vatoina  megacera  (Osten  Sacken),  the 
present  species  is  seen  to  bq  a  large  light  gray  fly  with  heavier 
body  and  stouter  legs.  The  short  antennae  contrast  strikingly 
with  the  condition  found  in  megacera  where  the  organ  is  longer 
than  the  entire  body.  The  fly  is  more  closely  allied  to  the  larger 
H.  burmeisteri  (Loew)  of  Europe  but  is  distinct  from  any  of 
the  numerous  European  species.  It  is  unfortunate  that  the 
exact  locality  is  in  doubt  since  the  species  is  of  more  than 
ordinary  interest.  Dr.  Zerny  suggests  that  the  "Smiths"  of  the 
locality  label  may  refer  to  the  collector  (as  Smithson)  rather 
than  to  any  locality. 

Dicranota  currani  sp.  n. 

d1.  Length  about  5  mm. ;  wing  7-7.3  mm. 

Closely  related  to  D.  divaricata  Alexander,  from  which  it 
differs  as  follows : 

Mesonotal  praescutum  yellowish  gray  with  three  very  con- 
spicuous dark  brown  stripes,  the  broad  median  stripe  entire 
except  near  the  suture.  Legs  stouter,  especially  the  middle 
legs,  brownish  black  with  the  exception  of  the  restricted  femoral 
bases.  Abdomen  uniformly  dark  brown,  including  the  hypo- 
pygium.  Male  hypopygium  with  the  ventral  interbase  a  long 
flattened  blade,  the  apex  subacute  to  acute,  the  mesal  or  inner 
edge  nearly  straight,  the  lateral  or  outer  edge  gently  curved 
to  the  apex.  Lateral  arms  of  gonapophyses  much  broader  and 
stouter  than  in  D.  divaricata. 

Habitat. — Ontario,  Quebec.  Holotypc:  d1,  Ottawa,  Ontario, 
May  9,  1923  (C.  H.  Cnrran).  Allotype,  9,  Hull,  Quebec,  May 
9,  1924  (C.  H.  Cnrran).  Paratopotypes,  8  <?c?;  paratypcs,  23 
c?9,  with  the  allotype. 

Type  in  the  Canadian  National  Collection. 

This  interesting  Dicranota  is  named  in  honor  of  the  collec- 
tor, Mr.  C.  Howard  Curran,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  many 
favors  in  the  past. 

Rhaphidolabis  (Rhaphidolabis)  avis  sp.  n. 

Very  similar  to  R.  (R.)  tcnuipcs  Osten  Sacken,  from  which 
it  differs  strikingly  in  the  structure  of  the  male  hypopygium. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XFAVS  51 

Median  lobe  of  ninth  termite  slender,  as  in  the  ten ni fit's  group. 
Dorsal  interbase  produced  into  a  slender  chitinized  rod,  at  about 
two-thirds  the  length  narrowed  and  bent  at  a  right  angle  to  the 
acute  tip.  Ventral  interbase  in  its  general  contour  suggesting 
the  body  of  a  bird,  the  flattened  body  portion  with  about  eight 
delicate  setae,  the  head  produced  mesad  into  a  strong-  chitinized 
beak,  the  region  of  the  frons  with  a  smaller  squat  spine.  Disti- 
style  a  long  flattened  blade  that  narrows  gradually  to  the 
subacute  apex. 

Habitat.— Virginia.    H  oh  type:  d,  Dead  Run,  Fairfax  Coun- 
ty, September  27,  1914  (R.  C.  Shannon). 


A  New  Species  of  the  Genus  Condidea 
(Diptera,  Syrphidae). 

By  RAYMOND  C.  OSBURN,  Ohio  State  University, 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

The  genus  Condidea  was  erected  in  1907  by  Coquillett  (Can- 
adian Entomologist,  XXXIX,  p.  75)  to  include  only  his  new 
species  Condidea  lata,  which  thereby  became  the  genotype. 
Although  Condidea  is  related  rather  closely  to  Sericoinyia 
Meigen,  it  has  been  generally  accepted  as  a  distinct  genus.  C. 
lata  has  been  taken  a  number  of  times  and  shows  a  consider- 
able range  in  distribution,  from  the  New  England  states  to 
Wisconsin,  but  it  has  nowhere  been  reported  as  common.  John- 
son (Fauna  of  New  England.  15,  Occasional  Papers  of  the 
Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  VII,  Feb..  1925)  has  placed  the  Seri- 
comyia se.vfasciata  of  Walker,  also  a  rare  species,  in  the  genus 
Condidea-  Both  of  these  species  are  probably  quite  northern 
in  their  distribution.  Tn  consideration  of  these  facts,  it  will 
K-  of  interest  to  describe  and  record  another  species  of  Con- 
didea. This  is  also  northern,  taken  at  Fargo.  Xortli  Dakota, 
and  thus  far  is  known  from  a  single  female.  The  specimen  has 
been  in  my  hands  for  a  number  of  years,  but  I  have  delayed 
describing  it  in  the  hope  that  more  material  might  come  to 
hand. 

Condidea  transversa  n.  sp. 

General  characters  very  similar  to  those  selected  by  Coquil- 
lett in  C.  lata  for  defining  the  genus,  but  differing  in  a  number 
of  ways,  especially  in  the  character  of  the  abdominal  markings. 


52  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,  '26 

9.  Face  yellow,  with  yellowish  pollen  and  fine  yellowish 
white  pile ;  a  black  facial  stripe  connects  on  the  antennal  process 
with  the  black  of  the  front,  and  below  with  a  broad  oral  margin 
of  the  same  color,  which  also  covers  the  cheeks  broadly.  Front 
narrowed  above  with  a  well-marked  median  groove;  whitish 
pollinose  on  the  lower  part,  a  supra-antennal  spot  and  the  upper 
part  more  shining,  pile  short  and  black.  First  two  antennal 
joints  black,  third  joint  reddish  brown,  sub-quadrate,  with 
rounded  angles ;  arista  also  reddish  and  long  reddish  plumose. 
Occiput  with  long  yellow  pile  behind  the  vertex  and  on  the 
lower  part,  between  these  the  pile  is  very  short  and  is  black 
near  the  eye  margins.  Face  and  tubercle  moderately  produced. 

Thorax  bronze,  with  blue  reflections,  humeri  distinctly  white 
pollinose,  pile  above  very  short,  dark  yellowish,  becoming 
blackish  on  the  disc,  on  the  pleurae  longer  and  light  yellowish. 
Scutellum  purplish  bronze,  with  pile  above  very  short  and  black, 
longer  on  the  margin  and  mixed  with  yellow  on  the  sides. 
'There  is  a  transverse  band  of  light  yellow  short  pile  between 
the  black  pile  of  the  thorax  and  that  of  the  scutellum. 

Abdomen  ovate,  distinctly  broader  than  thorax,  depressed, 
hind  margins  of  the  third  and  fourth  segments  somewhat  shin- 
ing and  the  whole  of  the  fifth  conspicuously  shining.  Seg- 
ments 2,  3  and  4  each  with  a  pair  of  conspicuous,  straight, 
transverse  yellow  spots,  broadly  separated  on  the  midline, 
more  narrowly  separated  from  the  lateral  and  anterior  margins. 
The  spots  on  segment  2  are  very  striking,  more  than  half  the 
length  of  the  segment  and  fully  twice  as  broad  as  the  following 
spots,  which  are  about  equal  in  size.  The  anterior  and  pos- 
terior borders  of  all  the  spots  are  straight  and  parallel.  Pile 
very  short,  longer  and  yellowish  on  the  anterior  angles  and  on 
the  yellow  spots  of  segment  2 ;  otherwise  black.  Venter  red- 
dish yellow  on  sides  near  base :  otherwise  black. 

Femora  black,  tibiae  and  tarsi  dark  brown,  the  knees  nar- 
rowly reddish  brown,  pulvilli  yellowish.  Wings  somewhat 
infuscated  at  base  and  on  anterior  part,  veins  black,  pleuros- 
tigma  brown,  venation  like  that  of  C.  /a/a,  the 'third  vein  con- 
siderably incurved  into  the  first  posterior  cell.  Halteres  light 
reddish  yellow ;  alulae  white,  with  long  whitish  yellow  pile. 
Length,  13  mm. 

Holotype,  a  single  female  taken  by  O.  A,  Stevens  at  Fargo, 

North  Dakota,  June  22,  1913,  on  flowers  of  Rnbits  strigosus. 

The   species   of   Condidcd,   /a/a,   sc.rfasciata   and    tmuxrrrso. 

differ  from  Scricomyia  in  the  curved  third  vein,  the  very  broad 

*first  pair  of  abdominal  spots,  and  the  more  depressed  form  of 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOOICAI.     \K\VS  53 

the  abdomen.    These  species  may  be  separated  by  the  shape  and 
position  of  the  abdominal   spots,  as   follows : 

1.  First   pair   nearly    round,    the    following   ones    reniform    or 
broken  into  spots,  the  third  noticeably  oblique    .  .  .  .C.  lata 

2.  First  pair  constricted  at  the  middle  or  abruptly  widened  at 
the    outer    end,    the    following    ones    similar    in    form    but 
narrower    C.  sexfasciata 

3.  First  pair  nearly  twice  as  long  as  wide,  the  anterior  and 
posterior  borders  straight  and  parallel,  the  following  spots 
much  narrower,  all  the  spots  transverse C.  transz'crsa 


Assistance  Wanted  in  the  Study  of  Ants 
(Hym. :  Formicidae). 

EDITOR,  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  : 

The  writer,  who  is  a  graduate  student  in  the  Department  of 
Entomology  at  the  University  of  Illinois,  has  chosen  as  a  sub- 
ject for  his  doctorate  thesis  a  study  of  the  ants  of  a  Middle- 
Western  town,  with  especial  reference  to  those  infesting  houses. 

Among  the  eight  or  ten  species  of  ants  known  as  common 
house  pests  in  Urbana,  Illinois,  there  is  one  species  that  is 
extremely  abundant  and  annoying ;  this  species  is  Tapinoma 
sessile  Say. 

This  ant  is  about  2.4  mm.  long,  varies  from  a  light  brown  to 
almost  a  pitch  black  in  color,  and  is  easily  recognized  by  the 
absence  of  a  well-developed  scale  or  node  on  the  petiole.  The 
workers  when  crushed  have  a  peculiar  rotten  cocoanut-like  or 
nauseating  odor.  These  ants  have  a  fondness  for  nesting  in 
the  soil  under  logs,  stones,  planks  or  leaves  and  are  often  found 
nesting  in  rotting  wood  or  under  the  loose  bark  of  fallen  logs 
and  limbs.  As  it  is  a  native  ant,  it  has  a  wide  distribution  and 
should  be  found  in  everv  state  in  the  Union. 

j 

I  wish  to  fully  investigate  the  distribution,  biology,  and  con- 
trol of  this  species  and  also  attempt  to  definitely  ascertain 
whether  it  has  sub-species  or  varieties.  If  you  have  alcoholic 
or  mounted  specimens  of  Tapiiioma  sessile,  will  you  not  kindly 
loan  them  to  the  writer  for  study?  Any  information  you  are 
in  position  to  furnish  concerning  any  phase  of  this  ant's  biology, 
distribution,  control,  natural  enemies,  etc.,  will  be  very  help- 
ful to  me  and  will  be  greatly  appreciated.  In  the  event  that  I 
publish,  I  shall  be  glad  to  make  the  proper  acknowledgments. 

Trusting  that  I  may  secure  your  interest  and  co-operation 
in  this  investigation,  and  assuring  you  of  my  willingness  to 
reciprocate  in  any  possible  way, 

M.  R.  S.MITM,  Natural  History  Uldg.,  Urbana,  Illinois. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  FEBRUARY,  1926. 


Entomology  at  the  "Convocation  Week"  Meetings, 
December  28,  1925,  to  January  2,  1926. 

Our  annual  summary  of  the  papers  on  Tracheate  Arthropods 
is  based,  this  time,  exclusively  on  the  printed  programs  of 
(a)  The  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science 
and  Associated  Societies  meeting  at  Kansas  City,  Missouri,  and 
(&)  The  American  Society  of  Naturalists  and  The  American 
Society  of  Zoologists  at  New  Haven,  Connecticut.  It  is  proper 
to  admit  that  the  term  "Convocation  Week,"  so  widely  em- 
phasized some  years  ago,  appears  to  have  fallen  into  disuse  and 
would  not  appear  in  our  title  if  it  were  not  that  it  gives  a 
certain  continuity  to  the  editorials  of  the  February  numbers  of 
the  NEWS. 

The  programs  for  Kansas  City  listed  entomological  papers 
for  the  following  bodies  ('after  deducting  duplications)  : 

Entomological   Society  of  America  alone    27 

The    same    with    American    Association    of    Economic    En- 
tomologists         7 

American  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists  alone    .  .83 

Section  F  (Zoology),  Amer.  Asso.  Adv.  Science  alone  ....  7 

The  same  with  Ecological  Society  of  America 5 

The  same  with  American  Society  of  Parasitologists 2 

American  Society  of  Parasitologists  alone 1 

Botanical  Society  of  America,  Joint  Genetics  Sections    ....  3 

The  same  with  Ecological  Soc.  Amer 1 

Ecological  Society  of  America  alone   5 

American  Phytopathological  Society  alone   2 

The  same  with  Potato  Association  of  America  .  1 


Total       144 

The    corresponding    numbers    on    the    programs    for    New 
Haven,   after   similar   deductions,   were 

American  Society  of  Naturalists 7 

American  Society  of  Zoologists 7 


Total       14 

Total   for  both  localities   158 

54 


xxxvii,   '26 1  i  \ T(I.M<IL<H;H-AI.   NK\VM 

The  subjects  treated  in  these  158  papers  follow;  where  two 
numbers  are  given  separated  by  a  comma,  the  first  refers  to 
Kansas  City,  the  second  to  Xew  Haven;  otherwise  the  number 
is  that  of  papers  announced  for  the  Missouri  City. 

i  Do.  Fruit       12 

Teaching    entomology    ....    2     Do.  Stored  Products   4 

Technique       2  Do.  Forest  &  Shade  Trees . .  3 

Cytology      3.3  ii 

Anatomy     3  Comprehensive   Groups    ...   4 

Physiology       8.  2      Myriopoda        1 

Ontogeny       3.   1      Araneina        1 .    1 

Genetics     3.  4     Acarina     1 

Ecology       17     Orthoptera       8,  2 

Parasites  -of   Insects    ...  .8.  4     Isoptera        2.  2 

Insects    affecting    Man    and          Odonata       2,   1 

Animals      6     Neuroptera       1 

Bibliography      1      Homoptera       12 

Nomenclature       1      Heteroptera      4 

General  Subjects 3     Coleoptera      16 

General      Economic      Ento-  Hymenoptera  (c.rcl. 

mology      11          Apis)       3 

Insecticides       20     Apis 7 

Apiculture       11      Lepidoptera      14 

[nsects      affecting      Cereal,  Diptera  (c.vcl.  Droso- 

Forage  and  Field  Crops.  15         phila)       8.  2 

Do.    Truck  Crops   7     Drosophila       1.  5 

Do.  Greenhouse   Plants    ...   2     Siphonaptera      1 

Many  of  these  figures  are  duplicated,  both  between  sections 
i  and  ii  and  also  within  each  section. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  total  number  of  papers,  158,  is 
lower  than  that  of  the  two  preceding  years:  166  (Washington, 
1924-5)  and  180  (Cincinnati.  1923-4). 

The  annual  public  address  of  the  Entomological  Society  of 
America  was  by  Dr.  Yernon  Kellogg,  "Cooperation  or  Isola- 
tion in  Science,"  while  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  reported  to  both 
entomological  societies  on  the  International  Congress  of  En- 
tomology of  Zurich.  A  joint  meeting  of  the  two  societies  was 
held  for  a  symposium  on  Insect  Parasitism,  seevn  speakers  hav- 
ing been  announced. 

Another  symposium,  participated  in  by  Section  F,  A.  A.  A.  S. 
and  the  new  American  Society  of  ParasitologistSj  entitled 


56  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '26 

''Medical  Aspects  of  Parasitology,"  included  two  entomological 
titles,  and  two  such  were  also  announced  for  the  symposium 
of  the  joint  session  of  the  Botanical  and  Ecological  Societies 
of  America  on  "Prairie  Ecology." 

Notes  and  Ne\vs. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  GLEANINGS  FROM  ALL  QUARTERS  OF  THE  GLOBE 

Personal  Mention. 

Dr.  Vernon  Kellogg  has  been  made  Commander  of  the  Order 
of  Leopold  by  King  Albert. 

H.  H.  Knight,  assistant  professor  of  entomology,  Iowa  State 
College,  has  been  advanced  to  associate  professorship. 

F.  M.  Hull  has  been  appointed  an  instructor  in  zoology  and 
entomology  at  the  State  College,  Pullman,  Wash. 

H.  G.  Barber  is  working  on  a  catalogue  of  the  Lygaeidae 
of  the  world,  in  co-operation  with  other  hemipterists. 

C.   F.   Muesbeck   is   preparing  a   revision   of   the   American 
braconid  flies  belonging  to  the  subfamily  Braconinae. 

—Journal  of  Economic  Entomology. 


Changes  of  Address. 

Wm.  F.  Lawler,  Jr.,  Pompton  Plains,  N.  J. 
W.  S.  Blatchley,  Box  374,  Dunedin,  Fla. 
Owen  Bryant,  Banff,  Alta.,  Canada. 
A.  B.  Wolcott,  Field  Mus.  N.  H.,  Chicago,  111. 
R.  A.  Leussler,  115  South  52nd  Street,  Omaha,  Nebr. 
L.  G.  Centner,  225  Bailey  Street,  East  Lansing,  Mich. 
Lawrence  Bruner,  3033  Deakin  Street,  Berkeley,  Cal. 
Hugo  Kahlj  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
S.    W.    Frost,    Penn    State    College    Laboratory,    Arndts- 
ville,  Pa. 

Bennet  A.  Porter,  2  East  Locust  Street,  Vincennes,  Ind. 
J.  N.  Knull,  1120  North  17th  Street,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

The  Dognin  Collection  of  Lepidoptera  at  the 
U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Last  spring  Dr.  Wm.  Schaus  carried  on  a  successful  cam- 
paign to  raise  the  money  for  the  purchase  of  the  Dognin  col- 
lection of  Lepidoptera  for  the  National  Museum.  Mr.  Dognin, 
a  well-known  French  Lepidopterist,  offered  his  collection  for 
$50,000.  This  amount  Dr.  Schaus  succeeded  in  raising,  largely 
among  his  personal  acquaintances.  In  the  early  summer  he 
went  to  France,  accompanied  by  Mr.  J.  T.  Barnes  as  assistant, 
and  they  personally  attended  to  the  packing-  of  the  collection, 


XXXvil,     '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     N'KWs-  57 

which  reached  the  National  Museum  in  good  condition  in  Sep- 
tember. It  contains  about  82,000  specimens  of  butterflies  and 
moths,  among  which  are  types  of  about  3,300  species,  nearly 
all  American. 

This  is  the  second  notable  addition  to  the  Division  of  Insects 
within  the  year,  the  first  having"  been  the  late  Colonel  Thos. 
L.  Casey's  large  collection  of  Coleoptera.  These  collections 
represent  the  life  work  of  two  distinguished  entomologists  and 
are  the  greatest  additions  which  the  Division  of  Insects  has 
ever  received  since  its  establishment,  except  the  gifts  of  Dr. 
Schaus  himself.  J.  M.  ALDRICII. 

Associate  Curator,  Division  of  Insects,  U.  S.  X.  M. 


Lecture  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt. 

A  course  of  free  public  lectures  will  be  given  in  the  lecture 
room  of  the  Education  Building.  New  York  State  Museum, 
Albany,  New  York,  from  January  to  April,  1926,  on  Friday 
afternoons.  The  opening  lecture  was  to  be  on  January  8, 
"Social  Life  Among  Insects,"  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt,  State  En- 
tomologist. 

Collecting  in  the  West. 

Many  Lorquin  Entomological  Club  members  and  associates 
spent  the  past  summer  months  of  1925  collecting  in  new 
territories  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  The  attached  list  of  names 
and  localities  visited  may  be1  of  interest  to  Eastern  collectors 
who  desire  exchange  of  specimens  from  these  places. 

Jack  Beller — Sierra  Madre  Mts.  California,  Dr.  J.  A. 
Comstock — Desert  Mts.  of  Nevada  and  Utah,  J.  E.  Cottle— 
Shasta  County,  Calif.,  Geo.  Field — Colorado  Desert,  Calif., 
Chas.  Fox — Oregon  and  Washington,  J.  D.  Gunder — Plumas 
County,  Calif.,  Chas.  Ingham — Northwestern  Calif.,  Geo. 
Malcolm — Owens  Valley  district,  Calif.,  Hal  Ncwcomb — San 
Bernardino  Mts.,  Calif.,  R.  F.  Sternitzky — Northwestern  Calif., 
John  Strohbeen — Sierra  County,  Calif.,  V.  Wyckoff — Kern 
County,  Calif.  CHAS.  INGHAM,  Secretary. 


Oviposition  of  Brenthis  bellona  (Lep.:  Nymphalidae). 

Brcntliis  bellona  has  enough  originality  to  depart  from  the 
usual  custom  of  butterflies,  of  placing  eggs  only  Ion  the  food- 
plant.  One  year  on  the  13th  of  May,  a  meadow  fritillary  was 
Hed  in  a  bag  over  a  clumn  of  violets,  \vas  fed  daily,  but  ova 
failed  to  appear  on  the  foliage.  The  butterfly  was  exceedingly 
restless,  it  seemed  useless  to  keep  her  longer  and  on  the  16th 
she  was  freed.  The  bag  was  torn  open  and  it  was  a  surprise 


58  ENTOMOLOC.ICAI.     \K\VS  |  1'Vh.,    '26 

to  find  little,  yellow,  pointed  eggs  had  been  scattered  over  the 
end  of  the  paper  bag — in  a  moth-like  manner — where  you 
couldn't  see  when  you  peeped  in.  There  were  fifty-nine  of 
them,  stouter  than  philodicc  eggs,  conical,  flattened  at  the  apex, 
with  many  longitudinal  lines,  joined  by  minute  cross  lines.  On 
the  29th  of  May  the  eggs  vverd  turning  gray  and  on  the  31st 
the  hairy,  dirty-colored  larvae,  with  dark  heads,  came  out.  At 
the  end  of  June  nearly  all  had  grown  and  become  pretty  brown 
chrysalids  trimmed  with  gilt  spots  and  were  pendant  from  the 
cover  of  the  can  or  the  stems  of  the  violets.  The  first  adult 
emerged  on  the  second  of  July. 

N.  McMuRRAY,  Clearfield,  Penna. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   E.   T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

A — Canadian  Entomologist.  9 — The  Entomologist.  10— 
Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Washington.  12 — Journal  of  Economic 
Ent.  14 — Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Franfurt  a.  M.  15 — Insecutor 
Ins.  Menstruus.  18 — Internationale  Ent.  Zeit.,  Guben.  21— 
The  Entomologist's  Record.  33 — Hull,  et  Annal.  Soc.  Ent. 
Belgique.  50 — Proc.  U.  S.  National  Mus.  69 — Comptes 
Rendus,  Acad.  Sci.,  Paris.  70 — Bui.  Ent.  Pologne.  72 — Eos. 
Rev.  Espanola,  Ent.  74 — Acta  Ent.  Mus..  Pragae.  75 — An- 
nals and  Mag.  of  Nat.  History,  London.  101 — Biol.  Bulle- 
tin, Woods  Hole,  Mass.  130 — Ohio  jour,  of  Sciences.  140 
-Oc.  Pap.,  Mus.  Zool.,  Univ.  Michigan.  143— Bui..  i)iv. 
Nat.  Hist.  Surv.,  Urbana.  144 — Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  Zool..  Paris. 

GENERAL. — Bibliographia  Zoologica.  Vol.  xxxv,  530 
pp.  Campbell,  F.  L. — Insect  toxology. — Science,  Ixiii.  45-6. 
Coker,  R.  E. — Fauna  of  Penikese  island  [Identification  of 
the  insects  by  various  entomologists].  1923. — 101,  17-37. 
Graves,  P.  P. — Ovgr  collecting. — 9,  Iviii,  297-8.  Hayward, 


xxxvii,    '2<>|  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\Vs 

K.  J. — Miscellaneous  notes  from  Argentina. — 21,  151-4 
(cont. ).  Hunter,  W.  D. — Obituary.-- 12.  xviii.  844-8. 
Keler,  S. — Ein  versuch  der  amvendung  mathcmatischer 
methoden  auf  die  entomologische  systematik. — 70,  iv.  14'^- 
96.  Kiefer,  O. — Jugend  und  entomologic. — 14,  xxxix.  125-n. 
Richardson,  R.  E. — Illinois  River  bottom  fauna  in  1923.— 
143,  xv,  391-422.  Schuster,  W.— Blaul)lindlK-it  der  vogel 
und  blaue  schmetterlinge  und  kaefer. — 18,  xix,  241-2. 

ANATOMY,   PHYSIOLOGY,    MEDICAL,   ETC.— 

Clare,  M.  R. — Study  of  oxygen  metabolism  in  Dros.  melano- 
gaster. — 101,  xlix,  440-60.  Grandori,  R. — Studi  sulla  blasto- 
cinesi  degl  insetti. — Rend.  Atti,  R.  Ace.  Xaz.  Lincei,  1925. 
ii.  449-55.  Pruthi,  H.  S. — Moulting  of  insects. — Nature. 
cxvi,  938. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Brazil  e  Vellard. 

— Contribuicao  ao  estudo  do  veneno  das  aranhas. — Mem. 
Inst.   de   Butantan,   Sao   Paulo,   ii,   5-78.      Ewing,   H.   E.— 
Sulphur-impregnated  clothing  to  protect  against  chiggers. 

-12,  xviii.  827-9. 

(N)  Mueller,  A. — Zur  kenntnis  der  jugendformen  einiger 
Opilioniden. — Senckenbergiana,  vii,  210-24. 

(S)     *Mello-Leito. — Pequenas     notas     arachnologicas.— 
Bol.  Mus.  Xac.,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  i,  455-63.    *Vellard,  J.— Urn 
novo  genero  e  duas  especies  novas  de  aranha  do  estado  de 
S.  Paulo. — Mem.  Inst.  de  Butantan,  Sao  Paulo,  ii,  79-84. 

THE     SMALLER     ORDERS  OF     INSECTA.— <X) 

*Cockerell,   T.   D.   A. — Xe\v   fossil  Inocellia    (Xeuroptera) 

from  Florissant.— 9,  Iviii,  295-7.  *Tillyard,  R.  J.— (see 
under  Hymenoptera). 

(S)  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Trichoptera  (see  under  Coleop- 
tera).  *Gravier  et  Page. — Sur  une  nouvelle  espece  de 
Peripate  du  Chili  (Opisthopatus  costesi). — 144,  vii,  185- 
200.  *Laing,  F. — On  a  n.g.  and  sp.  of  Psocoptera  from  Br. 
Guiana.— 9,  Iviii,  289-90. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Caudell,  A.  N.— P\  cnoscelus  surina- 
mensis ;  on  its  nymphs  and  the  damage  it  does  to  n»r 
bushes. — 10,  xxvii,  154-7. 

(S)  *Vignon,  P. — Essai  de  classification  du  genre  Typo- 
phyllum.— 72,  i.  248-8i. 

HEMIPTERA.— Cutright,  C.  R.— Aphid-  new  to  Ohio. 
-130,  xxv,  313-4.     Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.     On  a  small  collec- 
tion of  Heteroptera  from  Br.  Columbia. — 4,  l\ii.  280. 


(t()  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '26 

(N)  Muir,  F. — On  the  genera  Amblycotis  and  Bostaera. 
(Delphacidae) .— 4,  Ivii,  279. 

(S)  *Bergroth,  E. — ( )n  some  Neotropical  Tingidae. — 33, 
Ixii  (1922),  149-52. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Detwiler,  J.  D.— Further  studies  of 
the  ventral  prothoracic  gland  of  notodontid  caterpillars.— 
4,  Ivii,  266-71. 

(N)  Barnes  &  Benjamin. — Notes  on  the  genus  Obrima  in 
the  U.  S.   (Phalaenidae).— 10,  xxvii,   168.     *Dyar,  H.  G.- 
Notes  on  some  American  Phycitinae   (Pyralidae). — 15,  xii. 
220-6. 

(S)  Dyar,  H.  G. — Note  on  the  larva  of  Sabine  hyperoche 
(Limacodidae). — 15,  xii,  218.  *Dyar,  H.  G. — New  corn  and 
boll  worm  from  Peru  (Pyralidae). — 15,  xii,  219-20.  *Her- 
ing,  M. — Die  gross-schmetterlinge  der  erde.  Faun.  Amer., 
Lief.  178-9.  Fam.  Dioptidae  in  part.  *Joicey  &  Talbot.— 
Notes  on  some  L.,  with  descr.  of  new  forms. — 75,  xvi,  633-53. 
Krueger,  R. — Mesenopis  albivitta.  Papilio  bogotanus. 
Perisama  hazarma. — 18,  xix,  235  ;  242-3 ;  249.  *Krueger,  R. 
-Eine  neue  Catagramma. — 18,  xix,  250.  *May,  E.— 
Papilio  kuhlmanni  sp.  n. — Bol.  Mus.  Nac.,  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
i,  p.  405. 

DIPTERA. — Crampton,  G.  C. — Evidences  of  relationship 
indicated  by  the  thoracic  sclerites  of  certain  eriopterine 
tipuloid  diptera. — 15,  xii,  197-213.  Hubault,  E. — Contribu- 
tion a  la  biologic  du  genre  Medeterus  (Dolichopodidae).— 
144,  vii,  133-42.  Mercier  et  Villeneuve. — Contribution  a 
etude  de  anatomic  de  la  tete  des  dipteres  cyclorhaphes.  La 
ptilin  et  le  muscle  ptilino-pharyngien. — 69,  clxxxi,  882-4. 

(N)    *Curran,    C.    H. — Some    apparently    new    Nearctic 
Tachinidae. — 4,   Ivii,   281-6.    *Curran,    C.    H. — Contribution 
to  a  monograph  of  the  Syrphidae  from  north  of  Mexico.— 
Bui.  Univ.  Ivans.,  xxvi.  No.  7;  Sci.  Bui.  xv,  1-216.      [This 
number  is  dated  April  1,  1925,  and  was  received  at  Phila- 
delphia Academy  Jan.  5,  1926.]      Dyar,  H.  G. — Phoniomyia 
and   Dendromyia  again.     (Culcidae). — 15,  xii,  226.     *Dyar, 
H.  G. — A   New  No.  Am.  Dixa  and  note    (Culicidae). — 15, 
xii,  217-8.      Greene,   C.   T. — Tentative   arrangement   of   the 
muscoid    flies    based    on    the    puparia. — 10,    xxvii,    157-62. 
Hull,  F.  M. — Review  of  the  gnms  Eristalis  in  No.  Am.— 
130,  xxv,  285-312.     Johnson,  C.  W.— Diptera  of  the  Harris 
collection. — Proc.  Boston  Soc.  N.  IL,  xxxviii,  57-99.    *Wal- 
ley,  G.  S. — New  Canadian  Chironomidae  of  the  genus  Tany- 
pus. — 4,  Ivii,  271-8. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  61 

(S)  *Dyar,  H.  G. — Some  mosquitoes  from  Venezuela.— 
15,  xii,  213-6.  *Hine,  J.  S. — Tabanidae  of  Mexico,  Central 
Am.  and  the  West  Indies. — 140,  Xo.  1()2. 

COLEOPTERA.— Swaine,   J.    M.— Factors    determining 
the  distribution  of  N.  Am.  bark-beetles. — 4,  Ivii,  261-6. 

(N)  *Obenberger,  J. — Revision  monographique  du  genre 
Taphrocerus. — 74,  ii,  45-83. 

(S)  *Champion,  G.  C. — Studies  in  Phalacridae.  II. 
Asiatic  and  tropical  Am.  forms. — 75,  xvi,  601-21.  *Cockerell, 
T.  D.  A. — Tertiary  insects  from  Argentina. — 50,  Ixvii,  Art. 
1.  *Obenberger,  J. — Deuxieme  serie  de  nouveaux  genres 
de  Buprestides.  De  Buprestidarum  speciebus  novis. — 74,  ii. 
7-44;  93-115.  *Pic,  M. — Nouvelles  especes  de  coleopteres 
exotiques  du  Mus.  Nat.  de  Prague. — 74,  ii,  85-90.  Plavil- 
stshikov,  N.  N. — 'Revision  des  especes  eurasiques  du  genre 
Judolia.— 72,  i,  291-320. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Combes,  M— Les  fourmis  jettent- 
eiles  les  objets  volontairement ? — 144,  vii,  295-300. 

(N)  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Descriptions  and  records  of 
bees. — 75,  xvi,  621-29.  Cushman,  R.  A. — Synonymy  and 
generic  position  of  two  No.  Am.  ichneumon-flies. — 10,  xxvii. 
164-6.  *Gahan,  A.  B. — New  encyrtid  parasite  in  the  eggs  of 
Moneilema  (Chalcidoidea) .— 10,  xxvii,  167-8.  "Tillyard,  R. 
J. — Kansas  permian  insects.  Pt.  6.  Additions  to  the  orders 
Protohymenoptera  and  Odonata. — Amer.  Jour.  Sc.,  xi,  58- 
73.  *Viereck,  H.  L. — Two  new  Canadian  Ichneumonoidea. 
-4,  Ivii,  278. 

(S)  *Banks,  N. — Psammocharidae  from  Panam.a — Bui. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  Cambridge,  Ixvii,  329-38. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES. 

The  Macrolepidoptera  of  the  World.  Fauna  Amer..  I'ts. 
109-70.  These  parts  are  finishing  the  family  Arctiidae. 

Opinions  rendered  by  the  International  Commission  on 
zoological  nomenclature.  (Smiths.  Misc.  Coll..  Ixxiii,  Xo.  3. 
Opinions  82-90.)  Includes  the  following  of  interest  to 
entomologists:  Suspension  of  rules  for  Musca  Linn.,  1758. 
<  )p.  83,  The  principle  of  the  rule  of  homonyms  is  that  any 
properly  published  identical  name  of  later  date  is  "stillborn 
and  cannot  be  brought  to  life."  Op.  87,  Printer^  proof- 
sheets  do  not  constitute  publication.  .  .  .  Op.  88,  The 
name  of  a  species  is  not  disqualified  because  the  author 
included  in  his  conception  bodily  parts  of  more  than  one 
species. 


62  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb..    '26 

MANUAL  OF  INJURIOUS  INSECTS,  by  GLENN  \Y.  HERRICK, 
Professor  of  Economic  Entomology,  Cornell  University. 
Henry  Holt  and  Company,  New  York. — This  new  work  is 
dedicated  to  the  founder  of  Cornell  University,  Ezra  Cornell, 
who  knew  the  value  of  such  studies  and  their  application  to 
the  farmer.  The  book  is  profusely  illustrated,  there  being  458 
fig-tires.  The  typography  is  all  that  could  be  desired.  The  first 
chapter  is  devoted  to  the  position,  structure,  and  transforma- 
tion, and  subsequent  chapters  on  losses  caused  by  insects :  as 
disseminators  of  plant  and  animal  diseases  ;  useful  insects  ;  the 
uses  of  various  insecticides  and  spraying"  apparatus  ;  followed 
by  an  account  of  the  insects  affecting  the  various  kinds  of  plant 
life.  A  valuable  feature  is  the  references  to  the  more  important 
literature  under  each  special  heading.  ^re  would  especially 
call  attention  to  the  little  maps  of  the  United  States,  showing 
the  distribution  of  injurious  species,  which  are  interesting  and 
useful.  Prof.  Herrick  is  an  economic  entomologist  of  wide 
experience  and  he  has  produced  an  admirable  and  useful  addi- 
tion to  the  works  on  injurious  insects.  H.  SKINNER. 

INSECTS  AND  DISEASE  OF  MAN,  by  CARROLL  Fox,  M.  D., 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  Public  Health  Service.  Published  by  P. 
Blakiston's  Son  &  Co.,  1012  Walnut  St.,  Philadelphia.  Pages 
XII  +  349.  Figures  92.  Price  $4.00. 

Dr.  Carroll  Fox,  well  known  as  an  authority  on  the  Sipho- 
naptera,  is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  way  in  which  he  has 
accomplished  his  purpose  of  gathering  together  "in  a  concise 
and  practical  way,  the  information  necessary  for  a  student 
taking  up  the  study  of  medical  entomology,  or  for  the  health 
officer  working  in  the  field  of  preventable  diseases  transmitted 
by  arthropods."  He  has  produced  a  book  which  will  be  found 
equally  valuable  in  the  class-room  and  in  the  field.  Although 
the  text  devotes  especial  attention  to  the  arthropods  which 
transmit  diseases  of  man  in  the  United  States,  it  by  no  means 
confines  itself,  either  to  forms  of  importance  in  human  medi- 
cine or  to  those  which  occur  in  this  country. 

The  subject  matter  is  divided  into  two  portions.  Part  I  (230 
pages)  dealing  with  the  arthropods  themselves  and  I 'art  II 
(98  pages)  with  the  diseases  which  they  transmit.  In  Part  1, 
a  short  introductory  chapter  is  followed  by  a  detailed  consid- 
eration of  the  disease-carriers  among  the  Diptera,  Siphonap- 
tera,  Anoplura,  Hemiptera,  Orthoptera  and  Acarina,  and  this 
division  of  the  book  comes  to  an  end  with  a  chapter  on  rodents 
of  importance  in  connection  with  Puboiiic  Plague,  and  "A  Few 
Xotes  on  Technique." 

In  Part  II  we  find  first  a  well-written  Introduction,  which 
deals  in  a  general  way  with  such  subjects  as  the  relation  of 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XEWS  63 

arthropods  to  disease,  modes  of  transmission,  parasitism,  etc. 
This  is  followed  by  chapters  on  Malaria,  Yellow  Fever,  I  Vngur 
Fever,  Filariasis,  Pappataci  Fever,  Trypanosomiasis,  Tulurae- 
mia,  Plague,  Typhus,  Trench  Fever,  Relapsing  Fever.  R-tcky 
Mountain  Spotted  Fever,  and  Tsutsugamushi  Irever.  The 
book  concludes  with  a  general  index. 

Control  measures  are,  in  general,  treated  in  connection  with 
the  various  diseases,  but  the  discussion  of  means  of  eradicat- 
ing fleas,  lice,  bugs  and  roaches  accompanies  the  text  dealing 
with  these  insects. 

One  of  the  most  valuable  features  of  the  book  is  the  space 
devoted  to  keys  for  the  identification  of  disease-carrying 
arthropods.  Some  of  the  keys  are  original,  but  the  majority 
are  copied  or  adapted  from  authoritative  publications.  On  the 
whole,  the  selection  of  keys  has  been  very  well  done,  although 
some  improvement  is  still  possible  in  this  respect.  Tt  should  be' 
feasible,  for  example,  to  give  a  key  to  the  fly  larvae  which 
cruise  myiasis  that  would  be  more  valuable  to  the  student  than 
the  one  constituting  Chapter  XIV  of  the  present  work,  which 
is  taken  without  obvious  alteration  from  Ranks'  paper  of  1912. 
Tt  is  a  pity,  also,  that  after  reprinting  in  full  the  latest  keys  to 
the  subfamilies  and  genera  of  American  Culicidae  by  Dyar  and 
Shannon,  time  could  not  be  taken  to  "adapt"  Howard.  Dyar 
and  Knab's  keys  to  the  species  of  adult  and  larval  Anophelines 
even  to  the  extent  of  including  Anopheles  barben  (treated 
under  Coelodiazesis  by  these  authors )  and  correcting  the  names 
of  certain  species  to  conform  with  modern  usage.  I  rather 
regret,  too,  that  the  splendid  key  to  the  genera  of  fleas  of  the 
world  (pages  120-130)  was  included  in  a  book  of  this  type. 
This  key  itself  is  an  excellent  piece  of  work  and  will  be  of  the 
greatest  value  to  students  of  the  Siphonaptera.  but  it  is  much 
more  detailed  and  complete  than  is  advisable  for  the  ordinary 
student  or  sanitarian  and  occupies  space  which  might  well  have 
been  devoted  to  other  purposes. 

Of  the  92  figures  in  the  book,  about  three-quarters  (  6S.  to 
be  exact)  are  original,  being  the  work  of  Mr.  L.  II.  Wilder,  of 
the  Hygienic  Laboratory.  These  are  all  uniformly  excellent, 
those  of  the  fleas  being  particularly  noteworthy.  Of  the 
remainder,  14  come  from  Stilt  and  the  other  10  from  the  works 
of  various  authors.  They,  too,  are  good  illustrations,  although 
some  of  them  do  not  come  up  to  the  standard  set  by  Mr. 
Wilder.  The  figures  copied  from  Stitt  are  reprinted  word  for 
word,  including  the  legends,  which  was  unwise,  in  a  few  cases. 
Thus  number  8  of  Fig.  45  (page  S3  i  perpetuates  the  error 
made  by  Stitt  in  labelling  a  figure  of  the  antenna  of  the  tsetse 
lly,  "(ilossimi,  pulps  and  arista."  and  in  the  legend  for  Fig.  50 
(page  98),  we  meet  with  "Suriopluii^i"  inn^ntficu  instead  of 


64  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '26 

ll'olilfahrtla,  and  find  a  recognizable  figure  of  the  larva  and 
adult  of  Fannia  masquerading  under  the  pseudonym  of 
"Antliomyia  pluvial  is."  In  this  connection,  also,  it  may  be  noted 
that  the  book  contains  rather  more  than  the  usual  allowance  of 
typographical  errors,  a  point  which  will  doubtless  be  corrected 
in  future  editions. 

In  spite  of  these  minor  criticisms,  however,  the  book  may 
be  whole-heartedly  recommended  as  the  best  of  its  kind  yet 
published  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  It  will  be  a  real  pleasure 
to  the  teacher  of  Medical  Entomology  to  have  a  book  like  this 
for  the  use  of  his  students :  one  which  is  at  once  comparatively 
low  in  price,  especially  adapted  to  American  needs,  and  com- 
bining those  features  which  are  of  value  both  in  class-room  and 
laboratory  and  in  subsequent  work  in  the  field. 

FRANCIS  M.  ROOT. 


OBITUARY. 

The  daily  papers  and  Science  announce  the  sudden  death  of 
Professor  HARRY  ARTHUR  GOSSARD,  President  of  the  American 
Association  of  Economic  Entomologists  for  1925.  at  Wooster, 
Ohio,  on  December  18  last.  He  was  born  at  Ames,  Iowa, 
February  7,  1868,  received  the  degrees  of  Rachelor  of  Science 
(1889)  and  Master  of  Science  (1892)  from  Iowa  State  Col- 
lege and  was  assistant  entomologist  in  the  Iowa  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station  from  1890  to  1893.  For  the  next  six 
years  he  instructed  in  science  in  high  schools  and  academies. 
In  1899  he  became  Entomologist  of  the  Florida  Experiment 
Station  and  professor  of  zoology,  entomology  and  geology  at 
the  University  of  Florida.  During  this  period  he  wrote  Bul- 
letin 67  of  the  Station  on  The  ll'liite  Fly,  .-llcyrodes  citri 
(1903).  In  1904  he  was  made  Entomologist  of  the  Ohio  Ex- 
periment Station  at  Wooster,  where  he  remained  until  his 
death.  Since  1917  he  had  been  non-resident  professor  of  en- 
tomology of  Ohio  State  University.  The  early  volumes  of 
the  Journal  of  Economic  Entomology  contain  his  \otcs  of  the 
Season  and  The  Catalpa  Bud  Maggot  (  1908)  and  an  inter- 
esting essay.  Relation  of  Insects  la  Human  II 'elf are  (1909). 
Among  the  bulletins  of  the  Ohio  Station  are  his  The  Catalpa 
Midge,  Cccidoinyia  eatalpae  (No.  197,  1908)  and  Orchard 
Bark  Beetles  and  Pinholc  Borers  (No.  264,  1913). 


MARCH,   1926 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVII  No.  3 


JAMES  RIDINGS 
1803-1880 


CONTENTS 

Cfampton — A  Phylogenetic  Study  of  the  Thoracic  Sclerites  of  the 
Psychodoid  Diptera,  with  Remarks  on  the  Interrelationships  of 
the  Nematocera 65 

Weiss  — The  Entomological  Observations  of  John  Esquemeling,  Buc- 
caneer, on  the  Island  of  Hispaniola  in  1666 70 

Painter — Notes  on  the  Genus  Parabombylius  (Diptera) 

Barnes  and  Benjamin — On  the  Genus  Anomis  (Lepid.,  Phalaenidae)  . 

Changes  of  Address 81 

Editorial— Proof-reading  and  the  News 

Weiss — An  Early  Record  of  a  Commercial  Entomologist 

Lepidoptera  Added  to  the  British  Museum 

Ants  as  Vermin-Exterminators 

Ingham— Butterfly  Show  in  Los  Angeles,  California 

Weiss — Hoplothrips  major  (Hood),  a  Correction  (Thysanoptera)  .  .    . 

Mason — Coleoptera  from  Nevada  and  Arizona 

Holt — On  the  New  Arachnid  Genus  Tijuca,  Mello-Leitao.  .    .    . 

Entomological  Literature 

Review— Walker's  The  North  American  Dragonflies  of  the  Genus  So- 

matochlora 90 

Doings  of  Societies — The  Third  International  Congress  of  Entomology, 
Zurich,  19th-26th  July,  1925 

Obituary — Prof. Harold  Maxwell  Lefroy 

"       — George  Alexander  Ehrman • 


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_ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XXXVII  MARCH,   1926  No.  3 

A  Phylogenetic  Study  of  the  Thoracic  Sclerites  of 

the  Psychodoid  Diptera,  with  Remarks  on  the 

Interrelationships  of  the  Nematocera. 

By  G'.  C.  CRAMPTON,  Mass.  Agricultural  College, 

Amherst,  Mass. 
(Continued  from  page  38.) 

The  Tanyderidae  and  such  Psychodids  as  Bruchomyia  are 
extremely  primitive  Diptera,  and  in  many  respects,  the  Psy- 
chodoidea are  as  near  the  type  ancestral  to  the  rest  of  the 
Diptera,  as  any  known  forms.  On  the  other  hand,  none  of 
the  Psychodoidea  of  which  we  have  any  knowledge,  has  a 
meral  region  not  completely  fused  with  the  lower  portion  of 
the  epimeron  in  the  mesothorax,  and  since  the  fused  condi- 
tion represents  a  considerable  degree  of  specialization,  this 
and  other  specializations  (such  as  lack  of  ocelli  etc.)  preclude 
our  regarding  the  Psychodoidea  as  the  common  stock  from 
which  the  rest  of  the  Diptera  have  sprung.  The  most  that 
can  be  said  of  the  Psychodoidea  in  this  respect,  is  that  they 
have  retained  as  many  ancestral  characters  as  any  Diptera 
have,  and  in  making  a  "phylog-enetic  tree''  of  the  Nematocera. 
such  as  that  shown  in  Fig.  12,  the  lowest  place  might  be 
assigned  to  the  Psychodoidea. 

The  Tipuloidea,  including  the  families  Tipulidae  and  Lim- 
nobiidae — and  possibly  the  Trichoceridae  also,  although  the 
latter  are  extremely  close  to  the  Mycetophiloid  family 
Anisopodidae — are  likewise  extremely  primitive  Diptera,  and 
if  the  Trichoceridae  be  included  among  them,  some  have  re- 
tained the  ocelli  lost  in  the  I 'sychodoidea.  The  Tipuloidea  how- 
ever, are  also  specialized  in  many  particulars  (although  some 
of  them  have  retained  the  mermi  as  a  distinct  sclerite  still  ad- 
herent to  the  middle  coxa)  and  cannot  be-  regarded  as  the 
common  stock  from  which  the  rest  of  the  I  )iptera  were  de- 

65 


66  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '26 

rived.  We  are  apparently  justified  in  stating  that  the  Proto- 
diptera  such  as  Aristo psyche  represent  as  nearly  as  any 
known  forms,  the  ancestral  stock  of  the  Diptera,  and  from 
this  common  stock,  the  first  lines  of  development  to  branch 
off  were  the  Psychodoid  line  (at  whose  base  are  such  forms  as 
Macrochilc)  and  the  Tipuloid  line,  at  whose  base  are  such 
forms  as  ArcJritipnla,  etc.  As  Dr.  Alexander  points  out,  the 
Architipulidae  (and  the  Cylindrotomine  Tipuloiods)  are  annec- 
tant  between  the  Limnobiine  and  Tipuline  types,  and  he  is 
inclined  to  regard  the  Limnobiidae  as  merely  a  subfamily  of  the 
Tipulidae.  German  Dipterists,  however,  generally  recognize 
the  family  Limnobiidae,  and  there  is  considerable  to  be  said 
in  favor  of  the  latter  view. 

The  Trichoceridae  are  at  the  base  of  the  line  of  development 
leading  to  the  Anisopodidae  and  other  "Mycetophiloid"  types, 
and  it  is  very  difficult  to  determine  whether  the  Trichoceridae 
are  Tipuloids  or  "Mycetophiloids."  Dr.  Alexander  tells  me 
that  the  larvae  of  the  Trichoceridae  are  remarkably  similar 
to  those  of  the  Anisopodids,  in  being  eucephalous  and  amphi- 
pneustic,  and  in  this  respect  the  Anisopodids  and  Trichocerids 
are  quite  different  from  the  true  Tipuloids,  and  are  on  the  side 
of  the  "Mycetophiloids."  I  do  not  know  where  the  Trichocerid 
line  of  development  could  have  come  off  from  any  known 
Tipuloid  or  Psychodoid  type,  since  the  Trichocerids  have  well 
developed  ocelli  and  other  primitive  features  lacking  in  the 
Psychodoids  and  Tipuloids.  The  ancestors  of  the  Trichocerids 
were  apparently  some  form  related  to  the  Protodiptera,  and 
at  present  this  is  all  that  we  are  justified  in  saying  concerning 
their  ancestry.  In  their  general  habitus,  the  Trichoceridae  are 
Tipuloid,  but  they  have  so  many  features  in  common  with  the 
Anisopodidae  that  it  might  be  preferable  to  group  them  in  the 
same  .superorder  with  the  Anisopodidae,  which  were  un- 
doubtedly descended  from  Tric!wccra-\\ke.  ancestors. 

The  Anisopodidae  are  so  closely  connected  with  the  "My- 
cetophiloids" such  as  Mycetobia,  Sclara,  etc.,  that  it  is  neces- 
sary to  include  the  Anisopodidae  (the  old  family  "Rhyphidae") 


'26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  67 

in  whatever  superfamily  includes  the  Mycetophilidae.  My- 
cetobia  is  anatomically  annectant  between  the  Anisopodids  and 
the  rest  of  the  "Mycetophiloids"  and  Mr.  Edwards  believe^ 
that  Mycetobia  is  actually  an  Anisopodid,  while  other  Dip- 
terists  have  claimed  that  Mycetobia  is  a  Mycetophilid.  Ana- 
tomicallv.  there  is  no  doubt  of  its  annectant  character,  and 

r 

because  of  the  synthetic  nature  of  Mycetobia  I  have  no  hesi- 
tancy in  grouping  the  Anisopoclidae  in  the  same  superfamily 
with  the  Mycetophilids.  The  adult  Anisopodids  are  more 
primitive,  anatomically,  than  any  Mycetophilid,*  so  that  they 
must  be  regarded  as  occupying  a  position  at  the  base  of  the 
"Mycetophiloid"  line  of  development :  and,  in  fact,  the  adult 
Anisopodidae  are  anatomically  astonishingly  similar  to  what  we 
know  must  have  been  the  type  ancestral  to  the  rest  of  the 
Nematocerous  lines  of  development  presently  to  be  discussed. 
The  Itonididae  (Cecidomyidae)  were  undoubtedly  descended 
from  Mycetophilid-like  ancestors,  and  hence  should  be  grouped 
in  the  same  superfamily  with  the  Mycetophilids.  Furthermore, 
such  forms  as  Plecia,  which  is  either  a  Bibionid,  or  is  extremely 
close  to  the  Bibionids,  is  anatomically  just  like  Hcsperinus, 

*  As  every  student  of  comparative  anatomy  knows  full  well, 
living  thincrs  exhibit  "heterospecialization  (i.  c.,  thev  are  not 
uniformly  specialized  in  all  particulars  and  may  retain  some 
rather  primitive  features,  while  they  are  much  more  highly 
specialized  in  other  respects)  ;  and  a  group  "B,"  for  example, 
may  retain  a  single  feature  in  a  more  primitive  condition 
than  is  true  of  the  s?me  feature  in  another  group  "A,"  which 
in  general  is  much  more  primitive  than  group  "B."  This  i? 
well  illustrated  in  the  feature  of  respiration  in  the  larvae  of  the 
Mycetophilid  and  Anisopodid  groups,  which  have  a  common 
ancestry.  Larval  Mycetophilids.  being  peripneustic,  are  in  this 
one  respect  more  primitive  than  are  the  larval  Anisopodids  and 
Trichocerids,  which  are  amphipneustic.  Tn  other  respects, 
however,  the  Anisonodids  and  Trichocerids  are  much  more 
primitive  than  the  Mvcctophilids  are:  con^quentlv.  it  would 
be  folly  to  assign  to  the  Mycetophilids  a  lower  position  in  the 
evolutionary  scale,  in  deriving  all  of  these,  forms  from  an 
ancestry  from  which  the  Anisopodids  and  Trichocerids  have 
departed  much  less  Cin  general)  than  the  Mycetophilids  have. 


68  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '26 

and  both  of  these  genera  are  extremely  like  PacJiynenra,  which 
Mr.  Edwards  thinks  is  an  Anisopodid,  and  all  of  these  genera 
are  very  like  the  Anisopodids  Olbiogastcr  and  Lobogaster  in 
numerous    anatomical    details.       These     insects    connect     the 
P>ibionids  so  closely  with  the  Anisopodidae,  and  the  Myceto- 
philicls   intergrade   with   the   Anisopodidae   so   markedly,   that 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  Bibionids  and  the  Mycetophilids 
(with  the  Ttonidids  )  were  descended  from  Anisopodid-likc  an- 
cestors ;  and  I  would  unhesitatingly  group  together  the  Bibion- 
ids, Mycetophilids  and  Itonids  in  a  single  assemblage  to  which 
the   superfamily   designation    Bibionoidea   might   be   applied.* 
The  only  question  in  the  matter  is  where  to  place  the  Tricho' 
ceridae,  which  are  like  the  ancestors  of  the  Anisopodids.     The 
Anisopodids   themselves   are   undoubtedly   "Mycetophiloid"   in 
character   (i.  e.,  should  be  grouped  among  the   Bibionoidea) 
but  the  Trichocerids  have  remained  so  like  certain  Limnophiline 
Tipuloidea  in  many  respects,  that  it  is  extremely  difficult  to 
decide  whether  to  place  them  with  the  Bibionoidea.  next  to  the 
Anisopodidae,  or  to  leave  them  with  the  Tipuloidea.     As  Dr. 
Alexander  points  out,  the  amphipneustic,   eucephalous  larvae 
of  the  Trichoceridae  are  remarkably  like  those  of  the  Anisopo- 
dids, and  they  differ  from  the  typical  Tipuloid  larvae,  while  the 
adult  Trichocerids  have  ocelli,  which  are  lacking  in  the  Tipu- 
loids  and  the  typical  Tipuloid  "Y-shaped"  suture  is  practically 
wanting   in    them.      Dr.    Alexander,    however,    is    inclined    to 
regard  the  Trichocerids  as  true  Tipuloidea,  and  the  opinion  of 
such  an  authority  on  the  group  Tipuloidea  is  worthy  of   the 
utmost  consideration.     My  own  inclination  would  be  to  group 
the  Trichoceridae   with   the   Anisopodidae   in   the   superfamily 

*  There  is  considerable  need  of  a  group  intermediate  in 
rank  between  a  superfamily  and  a  suborder,  to  contain  the 
superfamilies  Mvcetophiloidea  and  Bibionoidea,  since  these 
superfamilies,  although  extremely  closely  related,  are  neverthe- 
less quite  distinct.  Since  there  is  no  such  group  of  which  I 
have  any  knowledge,  T  have  "lumped"  the  suoerfamilies 
Mycetophiloidea  and  ISibionoidea  into  a  single  unwieldy  "super- 
family''  Bibionoidea  (scusn  hita'}  in  order  to  express  the  close 
relationship  between  the  twro. 


xxxvii,  '2<>\  ENTO.\IOI.O<;H-.\L  XKWS  69 

Bibionoidea,  and  in  any  case,  I  would  place  the  Anisopodidae  in 
the  superfamily  Bibionoidea,  irrespective  of  the  Trichoceridae, 
leaving  the  ultimate  disposition  of  the  Trichocerids  to  be 
finally  determined  when  a  wider  knowledge  of  the  types  con- 
necting them  with  their  nearest  relatives  has  been  gained. 

The  Simuliids,  Thaumaleids  (Orphnephilicls),  Chironomids, 
Dixids  and  Culicids  could  readily  be  grouped  in  a  single 
assemblage  or  superfamily,  the  Culicoidea,  whose  line  of  devel- 
opment arose  from  the  Anisopodid-like  ancestors  of  the 
Bibionoidea,  as  is  indicated  in  the  diagram  of  the  phylogenetic 
tree  in  Figure  12. 

The  origin  and  affinities  of  the  Blepharocerids  are  still  a 
mystery,  and  the  Blepharocerids  form  such  an  isolated  group, 
that  it  is  preferable  to  consider  them  as  constituting  a  distinct 
superfamily,  the  Blepharoceroidea.  It  is  extremely  probable 
that  the  Blepharocerids  arose  from  ancestors  allied  to  the  Ani- 
sopodid-like common  ancestors  of  the  Culicoids  and  Bibionoids. 

In  brief,  we  may  say  that  there  were  three  main  lines  of 
development  leading  from  ancestors  like  the  Protodiptera,  as  is 
indicated  in  the  "tree"  shown  in  Figure  12.  One  of  these  1'nes 
of  development  (with  Macrochile  at  its  base)  leads  to  the 
Psychodoids  ;  another  line  (with  Architipula  at  its  base)  leads 
to  the  Tipuloids;  and  a  third  line  (with  the  Trichocerids  at  i:s 
base )  leads  to  the  Anisopodid-like  forms  in  the  group  Bibionoi- 
dea. The  Culicoidea  were  apparently  derived  from  Bibionoid 
forms,  and  the  Blepharocerids  were  probably  derived  from  a 
similar  source. 

Since  the  Tipuloids  and  Psychodoids  are  the  most  primitive 
representatives  of  the  Xematocera,  they  might  be  grouped  to- 
gether in  an  assemblage  to  which  the  old  designation  Poly- 
neura,  used  in  a  new  sense,  might  be  applied — or  if  confusion 
would  arise  from  this  peculiar  usage,  they  might  be  called 
Protonematocera,  since  they  are  the  most  primitive  of  the 
Xematocera.  The  rest  of  the  Nematocera  (i.  c.,  the  Bibionoids, 
( 'ulicoids  and  LUepharoceroids )  might  then  be  designated  by 
the  old  term  Oligoneura,  used  in  a  new  sense — or  if  this  un- 
accustomed usage  of  the  term  would  give  rise  to  confusion,  they 


70  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '26 

might  be  called  Eunematocera.  This  grouping,  and  the  arrang- 
ing of  the  Nematocerous  families  in  natural  assemblages  ex- 
pressing their  phylogenetic  development  more  accurately, 
seems  preferable  to  the  older  arrangement  which  did  not  take 
into  consideration  the  various  interrelationships  of  the  lines 
of  descent  of  the  Nematocerous  families. 


The  Entomological  Observations  of  John  Esqueme- 

ling,  Buccaneer,  on  the  Island  of 

Hispaniola  in  1666. 

By  HARRY  B.  WEISS,  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey. 

The  firm  of  George  Routledge  and  Sons,  Ltd.,  of  London, 
has  recently  reprinted  as  one  of  their  Broadivay  Translations, 
the  "Buccaneers  of  America,  a  true  account  of  the  most  re- 
markable assaults  committed  of  late  years  upon  the  coast  of  the 
West  Indies  by  the  buccaneers  of  Jamaica  and  Tortuga,  both 
English  and  French,  wherein  are  contained  more  especially  the 
unparalleled  exploits  of  Sir  Henry  Morgan,  our  English  Jamai- 
can hero,  who  sacked  Porto  Bello,  burnt  Panama,  etc.,"  by  John 
Esquemeling,  "one  of  the  Buccaneers  who  was  present  at  these 
tragedies."  In  1914,  Esquemeling's  account  was  published  by 
Stokes  under  the  title  "Pirates  of  Panama  or  Buccaneers  of 
America,"  edited  and  illustrated  by  G.  A.  Williams  and  very 
likely  there  have  been  other  previous  printings  in  this  country, 
but  the  entomology  in  the  account  has  remained  in  obscurity. 

According  to  Mr.  William  Swan  Stallybrass,  the  editor  of  the 
first  account  mentioned  in  these  notes,  Esquemeling's  narrative 
was  written  originally  in  Dutch  and  published  in  Amsterdam  in 
1678,  under  the  title  "De  Americaenische  Zeerovers."  In  1681 
a  Spanish  translation  appeared  under  the  title  "Piratas  de  la 
America''  by  Alonso  de  Buena-Maison,  M.D.,  and  this  was  fol- 
lowed by  translations  into  other  European  languages.  The 
Broadway  Translation  edition  is  a  reprint  of  the  first  and 
second  editions  of  the  English  translation  printed  in  London  in 
1684. 

Nothing  appears  in  the  standard  encyclopedias  about  John 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  71 

Esquemeling,  but  in  the  "Dictionary  of  Universal  Biography'' 
by  Albert  M.  Hyamson  ( 1916),  Alex.  Olivier  Exquemelin  angli- 
cized as  John  Esquemeling  is  listed  as  a  Flemish  traveler,  sea- 
man and  writer  on  travel  (1645-1707).  No  mention  is  made  of 
his  activity  as  a  pirate  and  one  must  turn  to  his  book  for  a  state- 
ment of  his  occupations  and  observations.  The  English  trans- 
lator wrote  as  follows  about  him.  "I  take  him  to  be  a  Dutchman, 
or  at  least  born  in  Flanders,  notwithstanding  that  the  Spanish 
translation  represents  him  to  be  a  native  of  the  kingdom  of 
France — his  printing  this  history  originally  in  Dutch,  which 
doubtless  must  be  his  native  tongue,  who  otherwise  was  but  an 
illiterate  man,  together  with  the  very  sound  of  his  name,  con- 
vincing me  thereunto." 

According  to  his  own  account,  he  sailed  from  Havre  de 
Grace,  Franee,  in  the  service  of  the  West  India  Company  of 
France,  on  May  2,  1666  and  reached  Tortuga,  a  small  island 
on  the  north  side  of  Hispaniola  or  Haiti  on  July  7  of  the  same 
year.  After  a  brief  description,  of  some  of  the  plants  of  this 
island  and  the  quarrels  between  the  French  and  the  Spaniards 
for  possession,  Esquemeling  tells  how  he  was  sold  twice,  once 
as  a  servant  of  the  West  India  Company  when  they  disposed  of 
their  holdings  and  again  while  sick,  to  a  surgeon  for  70  pieces- 
of -eight.  Upon  recovering  he  was  given  his  liberty  with  the 
understanding  that  he  was  to  pay  his  late  master  100  pieces-of- 
eight  when  able  to  do  so.  Following  this  he  joined  "the  wicked 
order  of  the  Pirates,  or  Robbers  at  Sea"  and  continued  with 
them  until  1672.  Previous  to  his  recital  dealing  with  their 
thieving  and  bloodthirsty  activities,  he  describes  some  of  the 
fruits,  trees  and  animals  found  at  Hispaniola  and  the  follow- 
ing portion  relating  to  insects  is  quoted  on  account  of  its  general 
historic  interest : 

"As  to  the  insects  which  this  island  produces,  I  shall  only  take 
notice  of  three  sorts  of  flies,  which  excessively  torment  all 
human  bodies,  but  more  especially  such  as  never  before,  or  but 
a  little  while,  were  acquainted  with  these  countries.  The  first 
sort  of  these  flies  is  as  big  as  our  common  horse-flies  in  Europe. 
And  these,  darting  themselves  upon  men's  bodies,  there  stick 


72  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  I. Mar.,   '26 

and  suck  their  blood  till  they  can  no  longer  fly.  Their  impor- 
tunity obliges  to  make  almost  continual  use  of  branches  of  trees 

f  C5 

wherewith  to  fan  them  away.  The  Spaniards  in  those  parts  call 
them  mosquitos  or  gnats,  but  the  French  give  them  the  name 
of  marang nines.  The  second  sort  of  these  insects  is  no  bigger 
than  a  grain  of  sand.  These  make  no  buzzing  noise,  as  the 
preceding  species  does,  for  which  reason  it  is  less  avoidable,  as 
being  able  also  through  its  smallness  to  penetrate  the  finest  linen 
or  cloth.  The  hunters  are  forced  to  anoint  their  faces  with 
hog's-grease,  thereby  to  defend  themselves  from  the  stings  of 
these  little  animals.  By  night  in  their  huts  or  cottages,  they 
constantly  for  the  same  purpose  burn  the  leaves  of  tobacco, 
without  which  smoke  they  were  not  able  to  rest.  True  it  is  that 
in  the  daytime  they  are  not  very  troublesome,  in  case  any  wind 
be  stirring,  for  this,  though  never  so  little,  causes  them  to 
dissipate.  The  gnats  of  the  third  species  exceed  not  the  big- 
ness of  a  grain  of  mustard.  The  colour  is  red.  These  sting  not 
at  all,  but  do  bite  so  sharply  upon  the  flesh  as  to  create  little 
ulcers  therein.  Whence  it  often  comes  that  the  face  swells  and 
is  rendered  hideous  to  the  view,  through  this  inconvenience. 
These  are  chiefly  troublesome  by  day,  even  from  the  beginning 
of  the  morning  until  sun-setting,  after  which  time  they  take 
up  their  rest,  and  permit  human  bodies  to  do  the  same.  The 
Spaniards  gave  these  insects  the  name  of  rojados,  and  the 
French  that  of  calarodcs.* 

"The  insects  which  the   Spaniards  call   cocliinillas,   and  the 
English  glow-worms,  are  also  to  be  found  in  these  parts.    They 

*  With  the  approval  of  Mr.  Weiss,  his  article  has  been  submitted  to 
Dr.  F.  M.  Root,  of  the  Department  of  Medical  Zoology,  The  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  who  has  studied  the  blood-sucking  flies  of  certain 
of  the  West  Indies,  in  the  hope  that  he  might  lie  able  to  definitely 
identify  Esquemeling's  "three  sorts  of  flies."  Thanks  to  his  kindness, 
the  following  is  added  from  his  letter,  addressed  to  the  editor : 

"I  have  delayed  my  answer  to  your  letter  for  several  days  in  order 
to  get  the  opinion  of  mv  former  assistant,  Dr.  W.  A.  Hoffman,  \\h" 
has  just  returned  from  Haiti,  where  he  has  been  working'  on  the  ento- 
mological side  of  a  morbidity  survey  made  by  the  International  Health 
Board.  His  opinion  is  the  same  as  my  own,  fortunately.  We  feel 
that  the  most  probable  identifications  are  as  follows: 

"Esquemeling's  'first  sort'  of  flies  probably  refers  to  true  mosquitoes, 
perhaps  especially  to  the  coastal  species  Acdcx  i(icini>rJiyiicliiix  form 


XXXVJi,    '20 1  KNTOMOI.UCICAI.     NEWS  73 

are  very  like  unto  such  as  we  have  in  Europe,  unless  that  they 
are  somewhat  bigger  and  longer  than  ours.  They  have  two 
little  specks  on  their  heads,  which  by  night  give  so  much  light 
that  three  or  four  of  those  animals,  being  together  upon  a  tree, 
it  is  not  discernible  at  a  distance  from  a  bright  shining  fire.  I 
had  on  a  certain  time  at  once  three  of  these  cochinUlas  in  my 
cottage,  which  there  continued  until  past  midnight,  shining  so 
brightly  that  without  any  oilier  light  I  could  easily  read  in  any 
book,  although  of  never  so  small  a  print.  I  attempted  to  bring 
some  of  these  insects  into  Europe  when  I  came  from  those 
parts,  but  as  soon  as  they  came  into  a  colder  climate  they  died 
by  the  way.  They  lost  also  their  shining  upon  the  change  of 
air,  even  before  their  death.  This  shining  is  so  great,  accord- 
ing to  what  I  have  related,  that  the  Spaniards  with  great  reason 
may  well  call  them  from  their  luminous  quality  inoscas  dc 
fnci^o,  that  is  to  say  fire-flies. 

"There  be  also  in  Hispaniola  an  excessive  number  of  grilloncs 
or  crickets.  These  are  of  extraordinary  magnitude,  if  com- 
pared to  ours,  and  so  full  of  noise  that  they  are  ready  to  burst 
themselves  with  singing,  if  any  person  comes  near  them." 


a 


Notes  on  the  Genus  Parabombylius  (Diptera). 

By  REGINALD  H.   PAINTER,  Ohio  State  University, 

Columbus,  Ohio. 

The  group  to  which  the  following  species  belong  was  first 
recorded  when  Coquillett  referred  the  species  syndesiiins  and 
•itcr  to  Rondani's  genus  Thlipsogastcr  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc., 
21,  p.  108).  In  1899,  Williston  (Psyche,  p.  331)  showed  that 
these  species  do  not  belong  to  this  genus  but  left  the  question 
of  their  generic  status  in  abeyance.  In  Biolo^ia  Ccntral'- 

niijcr,  which 'is  often  very  abundant  and  troublesome.  His  'second 
sort'  are  evidently  Culicoides,  of  which  f.  fnrcns  is  the  commonest 
coastal  form  throughout  the  Greater  Antilles.  The  'third  species'  is 
more  difficult  to  identify,  hut  the  day-biting  habits  would  indicate  some 
species  of  Sii/ni/jinn.  and  Ksqucmeling's  statement  that  'they  sting  not 
at  all,  but  do  bite  so  sharply  upon  the  fk-sh  as  to  create  little  ul 
therein'  might  be  his  way  of  expressing  the-  fact  that  the  actual  bite 
of  Simulium  is  painless,  but  an  ulcer-like  lesion  develops  later." 

I;K  \  Mis    M. 


74  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '26 

Americana  (Diptera  Suppl.,  p.  286)  the  same  'author  rede- 
scribed  Bombylins  albopenicillatus  Bigot  and  referred  this 
species  and  a  new  one  (dolorosus)  to  this  same  group.  'In 
1907  (N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  Jour.,  p.  1)  he  erected  the  genus 
Parabombylins  for  these  four  species  with  atcr  Coq.  as  geno- 
type. 

This  genus  is  separated  from  Bombyliits  by  having  cell  R5 
narrowly  open  or  closed  in  the  margin  of  the  wings,  and  by 
having-  a  conspicuous  patch  of  silvery  scales  between  the  base 
of  the  antennae  and  the  eyes.  All  the  species  have  several 
short,  thin  spines  or  bristles  on  the  third  joint  of  the  antennae, 
which  spines  are  lacking  in  most  of  the  species  of  Bombylius 
known  to  me.  They  are  present  however  in  fulvibasis  Macq., 
validns  Lw.,  and  possibly  lancifer  O.  S.  The  species  of  Para- 
bombylius  are  all  small  and  the  sexes  often  differ,  sometimes 
quite  remarkably. 

Notes  concerning  a  considerable  extension  of  the  known 
range  of  some  of  the  species  are  given  here,  also  descriptions 
of  four  new  species.  I  am  indebted  to  Prof.  Jas.  S.  Hine  and 
Mr.  R.  C.  Shannon  for  loan  of  material.  Also  to  Dr. 
Aldrich  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  for  a  loan  of  cotypes 
of  P.  atcr  and  syndcsmits  and  other  material  for  study. 

Key  to  Species. 

1.  Ground  color  of  tip  of  male  abdomen  and  entire  abdomen 

of  female  yellow    syndesmus  Coq. 

Ground  color   of    abdomen   entirely    black    or   very    dark 
brown   2 

2.  Entire  pile  and  tomentum  of  clorsum  of  abdomen  and  thorax 

unicolorous,  orange  or  dark  yellow   atcr  Coq. 

Pile  and  tomentum  of  clorsum  of  thorax  or  abdomen  partly 
white  or  black    3 

3.  Pile  and  tomentum  of  dorsum  of  thorax  and  abdomen  with 

no  black  intermixed    subflai'its  n.  sp. 

Some  black  intermixed  with  pile  and  tomentum 4 

4.  Light  colored  pile  of  dorsum  of  thorax  and  abdomen  partly 

white  or  yellow    5 

Light  colored  pile  of  dorsum  of  thorax  and  abdomen  reddish 
orange  or  wanting 6 

5.  A  stripe  of  short  white  pile  above  the  base  of  the  wing  to 
the   humerus    .7 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

No  such  stripe  present  .  .  .  .  • albopenicttlatus  Hi  got 

6.  No  orange  pile  on  abdomen    dolorosiis  Will 

Orange  pile  and  tomentum  present  on  abdomen  pnlclier  n.  sp. 

7.  Pile  on  face  longer  than  first  joint  of  antenna  and  on  an- 
tennae also  long,  no  patch  of  white  scales  on  occiput. 

irittatus  n.  sp. 

Pile  on   face  shorter  than  first  joint  of   antennae  and  on 
antennae  short,  a  patch  of  white  scales  on  occiput. 

inacnlosns  n.  sp. 

Parabombylius  ater  (  Coq. ) 

Two  females  and  one  male  taken  at  Brownwood,  Texas ; 
September  11  to  16  on  Broomweed  (Gutierrezia  te.rana). 
Two  females  and  ten  males  taken  near  Abilene,  Texas,  Septem- 
ber 14.  These  latter  were  all  taken  in  in  a  patch  of  Broom- 
weed  less  than  four  feet  square.  They  seemed  to  be  continually 
coming  out  of  the  center  of  the  patch.  Mr.  Frank  M.  Hull 
has  collected  a  number  of  specimens  of  this  species  near  A. 
&  M.  College,  Miss.  They  were  hovering  over  hot  red  sand. 
There  are  also  several  specimens  in  the  Ohio  State  University 
Collection  from  Vinton,  Ohio,  in  June.  Most  of  the  specimens 
I  have  seen  have  a  bright  orange-colored  pile  instead  of  yellow 
as  is  the  type.  The  exact  shade  of  the  specimens  in  the  series 
is  variable,  however.  The  females  are  like  the  males  except 
that  there  is  less  black  pile  on  the  venter. 

Parabombylius  albopenicillatus   ( Bigot) 

One  male  taken  April  30,  on  the  west  face  of  Alt.  Barker, 
near  Austin,  Texas.  It  differs  from  the  description  in  having 
a  scattering  of  orange  tomentum  on  the  dorsum  of  abdomen 
and  scutellum,  and  a  few  long  yellow  hairs  among  the  black 
below  the  antennae.  In  my  specimen  there  is  a  patch  of 
yellow  tomentum  on  either  side  between  the  characteristic  white 
patch  of  the  genus  and  the  antennae. 

There  are  two  females  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  R.  C.  Shannon 
which  agree  with  the  description  of  this  species.  They  are  from 
Alto  Pass,  Illinois,  July  29.  All  previous  records  are  from 
Mexico. 

Parabombylius  dolorosus  (Will.) 

One  female  taken  on  Shoal  Creek  m-ar  JSth  Slivet.  Austin, 


76  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  I  Mar.,  '26 

Texas.  March  31,  hovering  over  some  water  plants,  may  per- 
haps not  be  this  species,  although  it  differs  only  slightly.  It 
lacks  the  white  tomentnm.  as  apparently  did  some  of  Williston's 
specimens :  there  are  also  no  spots  of  tomentum  on  the  sides 
of  the  abdomen,  but  those  on  the  center,  tho  small,  are  strik- 
ingly prominent  on  the  black  background.  These,  with  the 
orange-red  tomentum  on  the  scutellum,  give  this  specimen  a 
very  characteristic  appearance. 

Parabombylius  pulcher  n.  sp. 

¥.  Ground  color  opaque  black,  pleurae  grayish,  face  with 
long  black  hairs  and  shorter,  shining"  orange  ones.  Front 
orange!  tomentose  with  scattered,  long,  black  hairs,  more 
abundant  on  the  ocellar  tubercle.  Occiput  with  bushy  orange 
pile.  Antennae  black,  first  joint  with  long  spiny  hairs  and 
with  a  few  orange  scales  on  the  outside,  second  joint  one  half 
as  long  as  the  first,  with  shorter  spines  ;  third  about  equal  to 
first  two  together,  fusiform  and  slender,  a  scattered  group  of 
short  spines  towards  its  distal  end.  At  the  end  of  the  third 
joint  are  three  annuli,  the  last  of  which  is  light  yellow.  Meso- 
notum  and  scutellum  with  long  black  hair  and  scattered  orange- 
red  tomentum  ;  mixed  orange  and  black  hair  above  the  wings 
and  on  the  pleurae,  shorter  and  mostly  orange  below.  Ab- 
domen with  scattered  orange-red  tomentum  and  long  black 
hairs.  Two  small,  but  conspicuous,  spots  of  yellow  scales  at 
the  apex  of  the  first  segment,  in  the  center  'below  the  tip  of 
the  scutellum  ;  a  patch  of  orange-red,  stiff  hairs  on  the  sides 
of  the  first  segment  and  on  the  dorsum  of  this  segment  for 
about  one-fourth  of  the  way  across  from  each  side ;  second 
and  third  segments  with  similar  patches  of  hairs,  but  black 
on  the  basal  half;  fourth  segment  with  shorter  but  similar  hairs. 
\Tenter  orange  tomentose  with  long-  black  hairs.  Legs  yellow, 
bases  and  under  part  of  femora  dark  brown ;  spines  black ; 
underside  of  front  femora  with  scattered,  long,  black  hairs  : 
the  last  joints  of  the  tarsi  dark  brown ;  legs  covered  with 
yellow  and  black  scales.  Wings  hyaline,  basal  half  of  cell  R 
and  cell  C  f umose,  the  former  ending  in  a  darker  spot.  Length 
6  mm. 

Holotype  female  collected  at  Austin,  Texas,  May  17,  1924. 
in  my  own  collection. 

Parabombylius  subflavus  n.  sp. 

c?.  Ground  color  black,  venter  somewhat  gravish  ;  face  with 


XXXV11, 


'26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  77 


long-  hairs,  dark  yellow  on  the  lower  part,  brown  and  black 
above  ;  a  tuft  of  long  black  hairs  above  the  ocellar  tubercle. 
Occiput  yellow  pilose,  a  patch  of  silvery  white  scales  opposite 
each  humeral  angle  of  the  thorax.  Antennae  black,  first  two 
joints  with  long,  stiff  hairs,  a  few,  short,  scattered  spines  toward 
the  end  of  the  third;  third  joint  about  equal  to  the  first  two 
together,  fusiform  and  slender  with  a  distinct  constriction  near 
its  base.  At  the  end  of  the  third  joint  are  three  annuli  the 
last  of  which  is  light  yellow.  Most  of  the  thorax  and  abdomen 
covered  with  whitish  yellow  pile.  A  patch  of  silvery  scales  in 
the  center  of  abdominal  segments,  2.  3,  4,,  5  and  6;  a  tuft  of 
blackish  pile  on  the  sides  of  segment  2;  the  pile  at  the  bases 
of  segments  3,  4  and  5  is  more  white  than  at  the  apex.  On 
the  venter  there  are  a  few,  long,  black  hairs  toward  the  apex ; 
the  pile  on  the  coxae  is  mixed  black  and  yellow.  Legs  yellow, 
coxae,  tarsi,  basal  half  of  four  front  femora,  basal  fourth  of 
hind  femora,  and  tips  of  tarsi  dark  brown.  Spines  black,  most 
of  scales  on  legs  yellow.  Wings  hyaline.  Length  5.5  mm. 

Holot\pe    male,    from    Wilcox,    Ariz.,    August    1     (A.    K. 
Fisher),  in  the  collection  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Parabombylius  vittatus  n.  sp. 

?.  Ground  color  black,  face,  front,  and  first  joint  of  anten- 
nae with  long,  stiff,  black  pile.  Front  with  appressed,  orange- 
red,  curly  tomentum ;  occiput  with  orange-red  tomentum, 
lighter  below.  Third  joint  of  antennae  longer  than  first  two 
together,  broader  than  either :  second  and  third  with  short 
bristles:  three  annuli  -is  in  the  other  species.  Thorax  and 
scutellum  orange-red  tomentose  and  sparsely  black  pilose.  A 
stripe  of  short  white  pile  from  the  humeri  to  the  bases  of  the 
wings  is  continued  as  a  yellow  stripe  above  the  bases  of  the 
wings ;  two  patches  of  similar  white  pile  just  back  of  the 
.-nicies  of  the  eyes  on  the  mesonotum,  a  third  in  the  middle 
i'ist  in  front  of  the  scutfllum.  Abdomen  (greasy)  is  largely 
black  tomentose,  orange-red  tomentose  towards  the  apex  with 
scattered,  very  long,  black  hairs  here  and  on  the  scutellum. 
The  pile  on  each  side  of  the  first  segment  is  yellow,  with 
repressed,  white  tomentum  at  the  apex:  similar  tomentum 
occurs  on  the  sides  of  the  dor<um  of  -egments  4  and  5  and 
in.  the  center  of  2,  3,  4  and  5.  Venter,  pleurae,  and  coxae 
entirely  black  tomentose  and  pilose.  Le^s  a  d:irk  chocolate 
brown,  ligther  toward  the  tips.  Wings  hyaline,  lightly  tinged 
with  brownish.  Length  7.5  mm. 


78  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '26 

Holotypc  female   from  Filmore  Canyon,  Organ   Mountains 

(alt.  about  5700  ft.),  New  Mexico  (Townsend).  in  the  collec- 
tion of  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Parabombylius  maculosus  n.  sp. 

?.  Ground  color  black,  lighter  beneath,  face  with  short,  stiff 
hairs,  black  with  a  few  yellow  ones  intermixed ;  front  orange 
tomentose  with  scattered,  black  hairs.  The  white  scales  occupy 
the  entire  area  between  the  antennae  and  the  eyes.  Occiput 
yellow  pilose,  a  patch  of  white  scales  opposite  each  humerus. 
First  two  joints  of  antennae  with  short,  scattered,  bristly  hairs; 
third  with  a  few  shorter  ones ;  third  joint  broader  than  first 
or  second,  longer  than  first  two  together,  with  three  annuli,  the 
third  yellow.  Thorax  and  scutellum  with  appressed,  short, 
golden-yellow  pile ;  a  stripe  of  short,  white  pile  above  the 
bases  of  the  wings  between  the  humeri  and  post-alar  callosity ;  a 
shorter,  similar  stripe  opposite  the  dorsal  angle  of  each  eye; 
another  short  stripe  in  the  center  anterior  to  the  base  of  the 
scutellum ;  scutcllar  spines  yellow.  Abdomen  with  appressed, 
yellow  pile,  white  tomentum  on  the  base  of  segment  1,  on  each 
side  of  the  dorsum  of  segments  3  and  4  and  the  center  of  6, 
a  patch  of  black  pile  on  the  sides!  of  segment  2 ;  venter  and 
pleurae  yellow  pilose,  the  latter  lighter  toward  the  front ;  coxae 
with  a  few  black  hairs.  Legs  yellow,  base  of  femora,  coxae 
and  tarsi  darker.  Wings  hyaline.  Length  5  mm. 

Holotypc  female  from  Tucson,  Ariz.,  August  14,  1909  (A. 
K.  Fisher),  in  the  collection  of  the  U.  S.  National  Musteum. 

This  may  possibly  be  the  female  of  snbflavus,  but  since  it 
differs  greatly  and  since  it  comes  from  a  quite  widely  separated 
locality,  I  have  described  it  as  distinct. 

On  the  Genus  Anomis  (Lepid.,  Phalaenidae). 

By  WM.  BARNES  &  F.  H.  BENJAMIN,  Decatur.  Illinois. 

Anomis  Hbn. 
Type  Anomis  crosa  Hbn. 

1821?,  Hubner,  Zutr.  Exot.  Schmett.,  II.  19,  No.  144.  ff.  287- 

288,  crosa  sole  species  and  therefore  type. 
1823?,   lliibncr,   Samml.  Exot.   Schmett.,   II,  pi.  411,   ff.    1-4, 

c.racta  sole  species  mentioned. 
1825.  Hubner,  Verz.  bek.  Schmett.,  p.  249,  mentions  e.vacta  and 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  79 

crosa  but  gives  no  reference  to  exact  a  as  if  at  the;  time  of 

writing  the  Verzeichniss  the  name  exact  a  was  unpublished. 
1874,   Grote,  Bull.   Buff.   Soc.   N.   S.,   II,  23,  type  desi-naU-d 

erosa. 
1895,  Grote,  Abh.  Nat.  Ver.  Bremen,  XIV,  100,  type  designated 

erosa;  p.  122. 

The  genus  A  no-mis  presumably  should  be  used  in  place  of 
Cosmophila  Bdv.  Gonitis  Gn.,  type  cditrix  Gn.,  is  probably 
synonymous.  Alabama  Grt.,  type  argillacca  Ilbn.,  is  closely 
allied  and  likely  synonymous.  Grote,  1895,  Abh.  Nat.  Ver. 
Bremen,  XIV,  122,  has  proven  that  his  prior  designation  of 
argillacca  as  type  of  Alctia  is  not  valid,  the  Verzeichniss  having 
priority  over  the  Zutrage  as  far  as  this  genus  is  concerned. 
Hampson,  1905,  Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  B.  M.,  V,  436,  is  appar- 
ently correct  in  designating  vitcllina  as  type  of  Alctia,  a  species 
belonging  to  the  Hadeninae  (sensu  Hampson).  Here  it  falls  to 
the  genus  Hampson  calls  Sideridis  (type  evidcns  by  Hampson, 
1905,  Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  B.  M.,  V,  436)  but  Mythimna  Ochs. 
(type  albipnncta  by  Duponchel,  1829,  Hist.  Nat.  Lep.  Fr.,  VII, 
(2),  71)  will  replace  Sideridis  Hbn.  on  our  lists,  with  addi- 
tional synonyms  Hyphttare  Hbn.  (type  albipnncta  by  Hampson, 
1905,  Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  B.  M.,  V,  436)  and  Crocigrapha  ( irt. 
(type  normani,  sole  species).  In  place  of  Mythimna  Ochs.  on 
our  lists  Ccrastis  Ochs.  (type  rubricosa  by  Duponchel,  1829. 
Hist.  Nat.  Lep.  Fr.,  VII,  (2),  72)  may  be  used.  Orthosia  <  )dis. 
takes  as  type  instabilis  by  Curtis,  1828,  Br.  Ent,  I,  237.  which, 
if  Hiibner's  Tentamcn  be  accepted,  will  fall  as  a  synonvm  of 
Graphiphora  Hbn.  (type  gotlnca  sole  species).  This  would 
take  the  place  of  Moninia  Hbn.  as  used  by  Hampson,  replacing 
Orthosia  of  the  Check  List.  If,  however,  the  Tentamcn  is  re- 
jected, OrtJwsia  may  stand. 

Anomis  flava   Fabr. 

1775,  Fabricius,  Syst.  Ent.,  p.  601,  Koctita. 

Mr.  Tarns  has  shown  that  tiara  Fabr.  is  apparently  the  oldest 
available  name  for  the  species  with  serrate  male  antennae  ;  that 
il  takes  as  synonyms  stigmatizuns  Fabr.  (  1775,  Syst.  Knt.,  p. 
601),  xoHthindyma  Bdv.  (1833,  Lep.  Mad.,  p.  94),  indico  (in. 


80  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '26 

(1852,  Noct.,  II,  396),  variolosa  Wlk..  (1857.  C.  B.  M.,  XI, 
750),  cdentata  Wlk.,  (1857,  C.  B.  M.,  XI,  750),  and  presum- 
ably aurantiaca  Prittwitz.  (  1867,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.,  XXVIII, 
277),  but  that  it  is  apparently  unrepresented  in  the  western 
hemisphere  except  by  the  race  fimbriago  Steph.  (1829.  111.  P>r. 
Ent.,  Haust.,  Ill,  67),  which  takes  as  synonym  serrata  B.  & 
McD.  (1913,  Cohtr.  N.  H.  Lep.  N.  A.,  II,  (4),  169.). 

A.  flava  and  its  synonyms  should  be  intercalated  on  our  lists 
so  that  fiinbriago  may  be  given  its  correct  status. 

Anomis  erosa  tingescens  Dyar. 
1913,  Dyar,  Ins.  Insc.  Menst.,  I,  103,  Cosnwphila. 
1924,  Tarns,   Trans.    Ent.    Soc.    Loud.,    (1924),   p.    22,   crosa, 
Cosriwphila. 

Described  from  two  females,  Santiago,  Cuba,  ( W.  Schaus ) . 

Mr.  Tarns  sinks  the  name  as  a  synonym  of  erosa  Hbn.,  thus 
adding  it  to  our  lists. 

Examination  of  Dr.  Dyars  types  in  connection  with  the 
U,  S.  N.  M.  neotropical  material  indicates  that  they  represent 
at  least  a  valid  race. 

We  know  of  no  specimens  from  the  United  States  so  the 
name  should  not  be  added  to  our  lists. 

Anomis  texana  Riley. 

1885,  Riley,  4th  Kept.  U.  S.  Ent.  Comm.,  p.  350;  Notes,  p. 

120;  biol.,  (pi.  II,  ff.  4-5-6),  Anomis. 

fuscostigma  Ckll. 
1885,  Riley,  4th  Kept.  U.  S.  Ent.  Comm.,  p.  350;  Notes,  p.  120; 

biol.,  (pi.  II,  f.  6  as  exacta],  Anomis. 
1889,   Cockerell,   The   Entomologist,    (1889),   p.   4,   'texana   a, 

Anomis. 

form  albostigma  Ckll. 
1885,  Riley,  4th  Rept.  U.  S.  Ent.  omm..  p.  350;  Notes,  p.  120; 

biol.,  (p.  IT,  f.  6a  as  exacta  var)  ;  texana,  Anomis. 
1889,   Cockerell,  The  Entomologist,    (1889)    p.   4,   texana   b, 

Anomis. 

Prof essor  •  Cockerell  applied  the  names  fwsc&stigma  and 
albostigma  to  the  figures  of  Riley.  Riley 's  notes  (p.  120), 
indicate  that  when  he  gave  the  name  texana  to  exacta  Auct.  £ 
Riley  nee.  llbn.,  that  he  considered  the  form  with  the  dark 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  81 

stigma  typical  of  his  species  We  therefore  suggest  the  restric- 
tion of  the  name  tc.vana  to  forms  similar  to  Riley's  fig.  6,  which 
will  cause  the  name  fuscostigma  to  fall  into  the  synonymy.  The 
name  albostigma  mav  be  saved  for  the  form  with  the  white 
reniform. 

Dr.  Schaus  has  kindly  supplied  us  with  a  specimen  from 
Mexico  similar  to  typical  tc.vana. 

Anomis  editrix  Gn. 

1852,  Guenee,  Spec.  Gen..  41,  Noct.,  II,  404,  Gonitis. 

1913,  Dyar.  Ins.  Insc.  Menst.,  I,  4.  cdetri.v  (  !),  Gonitis. 

Described  from  Haiti. 

We  possess  a  single  specimen  from  St.  Petersburg,  Florida, 
December,  which  was  sent  to  Dr.  Schaus  and  by  him  deter- 
mined as  cditriv.  The  record  is  presumably  authentic. 

We  might  add  that  the  Barnes  Collection  possesses  two  speci- 
mens   of    another    species    of    Anomis   labeled    "Chokoloskee, 
Florida,"  but  these  may  be  dealers'  material  and  we  will  not 
add  another  name  to  the  lists  because  of  uncertainty  as  to  the 
authenticity  of  the  labels. 


Changes  of  Address. 

C.  F.  Adams,  5014  East  7-Street,  Kansas  City. 

E.  O.  Essig,  201  Agriculture  Hall,  Univ.  California,  Berke- 
ley, California. 

P.  W.  Fattig,  312  Randolph  Street,  Farmville,  Virginia. 

S.  W.  Frost,  Research  Lab.,  State  College,  Arndtsville, 
Pennsylvania. 

Louise  Knobel,  East  3-Street,  Hope,  Arkansas. 

Josef  X.  Knull.  1120  X.  17-Street,  Harrisburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

August  E.  Miller,  1004  Garridd  Ave..   rrbana.  Illinois. 

Ik-nnet  A.  Porter,  2  East  Locust  Street.  Vincennes,  Indiana. 
fornia. 

P.    H.   Timberlake,    Citrus    Expt-r.    Station,    Riverside-,    Cali- 

Owen  Bryant,   Banff,  Alberta.  Canada. 

R.  A.  Leussler,  115  So.  52-Street.  Omaha.   Xebraska. 

I..  G.  Centner,  225   liailey  St.,   East   Lansing,   Michigan. 

Prof.  L.  Brunei-,  3033  Deakin  St..   I'.crkdrv,  California. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  MARCH,  1926. 


Proof-reading  and  the  News. 

For  at  least  a  decade,  the  second  page  of  the  cover  of  the 
NEWS  has  borne  the  announcement:  "Proof  will  be  sent  to 
authors  only  when  specially  requested."  This  notice  was  orig- 
inally inserted  in  the  interest  of  more  prompt  publication,  with 
the  idea  of  saving  time  which  might  be  lost  in  the  mails,  or  in 
non-receipt  of  proof  by  authors  away  from  their  offices  or  resi- 
dences. It  appears  that  this  notice  has  given  rise,  in  some  quar- 
ters at  least,  to  the  impression  that  the  NEWS  is  disinclined  to 
allow  authors  the  opportunity  of  looking  over  proofs  of  their 
articles.  We  wish  to  dissipate  this  idea.  We  shall  gladly  send 
proof  to  every  contributor  who  desires  it,  and  who  will  mark 
his  MS.  to  this  effect  when  sending  it  in,  or  who  will  notify 
us  of  his  wish  on  receiving  from  us  the  acceptance  of  his  paper 
for  publication.  If  delays  occur  in  receipt  by  us  of  corrected 
proof,  such  delays  will  mean  nothing  more  than  the  possible 
postponement  of  the  article  in  question  to  a  later  number  of  the 

NEWS. 

—       —  »  — 

Notes  and  Ne\vs. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  GLEANINGS  FROM  ALL  QUARTERS  OF  THE  GLOBE 

An  Early  Record  of  a  Commercial  Entomologist. 

In  "The  Unfortunate  Traveller  or  the  Life  of  Jacke  Wil- 
ton," by  Thomas  Nashe,  printed  in  London  in  1594,  Jack 
Wilton,  the  clever  rogue  of  the  tale,  tells  about  his  visit  to 
Rome  in  part  as  follows:  "There  was  a  poore  fellowe  during 
my  remainder  there,  that  for  a  newe  tricke  that  hee  had 
inuented  of  killing  Cymescs  and  scorpions,  had  his  montebanke 
banner  hung  vp  on  a  high  pillar,  with  an  inscription  about  it 
longer  than  the  king  of  Spaines  stile.  I  thought  these 
Cymesses  lyke  the  Cimbrians,  hadde  beene  some  straunge  Na- 
tion hee  hadde  brought  vnder,  and  they  were  no  more  but 
thinges  lyke  sheepe-lice,  which  aliue  haue  the  most  venimous 
sting  that  maye  bee,  and  beeing  dead,  doe  stinke  out  of  meas- 
ure, Saint  Austen  compareth  heretikes  vnto  them."  In  a  later 
edition,  the  word  "sheepe-lice"  was  replaced  by  "lice." 

Thomas  Nashe,  who  has  been  called  the  founder  of  the  his- 
torical novel,  was  born  in  1567,  at  Lowestoft,  but  nothing  ap- 

82 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  83 

pears  to  be  known  about  where  and  when  he  died.  According 
to  H.  F.  PJ.  Brett-Smith,  editor  of  a  recent  reprint  of  "The 
I'nfortunate  Traveller1,"  it  is  doubtful  if  Xashe  had  ever  been 
out  of  England,  but  it  is  probable  that  he  talked  with  travellers 
or  obtained  suggestions  from  his  readings.  In  view  of  this 
there  may  or  may  not  be  a  trace  of  fact  in  the  statement  quoted 
above.  However  this  is  unimportant  and  does  not  detract  from 
the  drollness  of  the  account. 

HARRY  B.  WEISS,  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey. 

Lepidoptera  Added  to  the  British  Museum. 

\\Y  note  from  The  Entomologist  that  the  collection  of  Hes- 
periidae  formed  at  the  Hill  Museum.  \Vitley.  which  amounted 
to  more  than  30,000  specimens,  and  included  many  types  has 
been  presented  to  the  National  Collection  in  the  I'ritish  Mu- 
seum. Prior  to  this,  during  1922,  Mr.  Joicey  also  handed  over 
to  the  same  collection  the  whole  of  his  collections  of  the  follow- 
ing families  of  moths:  Notodontidae,  Lasiocampidae,  Limaco- 
didae,  Epiplemidae,  Thyatiridae,  Callidulidae,  Drepanidae.  Cos- 
sidae,  Bombycidae,  Megalopygidae,  Uraniidae,  Psychidae.  Thy- 
rididae  and  Arbelidae,  consisting  of  29,717  specimens,  upwards 
of  300  types.  An  exchange  of  his  collection  of  A  grins  with  the 
Castniidae  in  Madame  Fournier's  collection  was  made. 


Ants  as  Vermin-Exterminators. 

\Ve  read  in  the  Entomologist's  Record  that  in  Northern 
Siberia  there  are  immense  areas  of  forests  which  are  in- 
habited only  by  a  few  wandering-  Tungus,  nomads,  depend- 
ing entirely  upon  the  chase  for  their  existence.  They  have 
a  strange  intolerance  of  vermin,  a  characteristic  that  may 
well  be  copied  by  many  civilized  peoples.  They  object  to 
the  presence  of  various  parasitic  insects  in  their  primiti\e 
abodes,  and  have  an  original  way  of  getting  rid  of  them. 
About  the  end  of  September  they  collect  an  ants'  nest  and 
bring  it  into  their  huts.  The  ants  quickly  exterminate  the 
vermin,  and  the  intense  winter  frosts  then  soon  cause  the 
ants  to  disappear,  so  that  these  practical  myrmecologists 
can  enjoy  the  warmth  of  their  primitive  home>  in  peace. 

Butterfly  Show  in  Los  Angeles,  California. 

The  Fifth  Annual  Butterfly  Show  of  the  Lor<|tiiii  \atural 
History  Club  of  the  Southwest  Museum  will  be  held  during 
the  month  of  February,  1926.  The  number  of  specimens  to  be 
exhibited  is  estimated  at  11,000.  loaned  by  fifteen  members. 

There   will   be   displays   of   local    (California)    material, 


Unfortunate    Traveller    by    Thomas     Xaslu,     'I  In      IVrcy     Kc- 
prints,  No.  1,  Oxford,  Basil  Blackvvell,  1920. 


84  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '26 

collections  of  West  Coast  butterflies,  exhibits  of  Exotic  butter- 
flies and  displays  of  articles  manufactured  by  commercial  con- 
cerns.' 

A  large  showing-  of  aberrant  butterflies  of  the  West  Coast 
will  be  one  of  the  many  attractions. 

Collections  of  moths  will  be  shown,  exotics,  and  also  an  espe- 
cially fine  collection  of  American  Noctuidae. 

The  prizes  will  be  in  ribbon  form,  and  there  will  be  nine 
awards,  the  highest  award  being  for  the  discovery  of  new  spe- 
cies. CHARLES  IXGHAM,  Secretary. 


Hoplothrips  major  (Hood),  a  Correction (  Thysanoptera) 

In  the  papers  referred  to  below,  Hoplothrips  major  (Hood) 
should  replace  Trichothrips  itlini  (Fab.). 

Trichotkvips  *uhni  ( Fab. )  in  New  Jersey  ( Bull.  Brook. 
Ent.  Soc.  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  3,  pp.  94-97,  1923). 

Additional  notes  on  Fungous  Insects  (  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.  Vol.  34,  1921,  p.  170). 

This  correction  is  necessary  in  view  of  a  recent  letter  from 
Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  ( to  whom  specimens  had  been  sent  for 
identification)  enclosing  a  communication  from  Prof.  J.  D. 
Hood  (to  whom  they  had  been  forwarded).  Prof.  Hood 
states  that  the  species  has  likely  been  described  from  some  other 
country.  He  has  specimens  collected  in  Japan  and  is  inclined 
to  believe  that  the  species  is  the  one  described  in  1840  as 
Thrips  fungi  Zetterstedt  in  Ins.  Lapponica,  p.  312.  However, 
in  the  absence  of  authentic  specimens  of  that  species,  Prof. 
Hood  thinks  that  it  would  be  best  to  call  it  Hoplothrips  major 
(Hood),  1914.  According  to  his  letter  it  is  very  common  in 
New  York,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey  and  Connecticut  and 
appears  to  have  been  introduced  into  America.  The  two  papers 
listed  above  deal  with  its  common  occurrence  in  fungi  and 
under  rotten  bark  in  New  Jersey. 

HARRY  B.  WEISS,  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey. 

Coleoptera  from  Nevada  and  Arizona. 

Mr.  Morgan  Hebard  and  Mr.  James  A.  G.  Rehn  are  most 
indefatigable  collectors.  While  their  search  is  chiefly  for 
Orthoptera,  many  interesting  species  of  other  orders  have  been 
added  to  the  collections  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia  through  their  efforts.  The  Hebard-Rehn 
Expedition  of  1924,  visiting  little  known  areas  in  central 
Nevada  and  southern  Arizona,  was  no  exception  in  this  re- 
spect. As  a  result  of  that  two  months'  trip  the  Academy  is 
richer  by  three  hundred  seventy-one  (371)  specimens  of  Cole- 
optera alone. 

Among  the  more  interesting  species  have  been  added : 
Cratoccra  capitata  Chd.,  Lytta  coopcri  Lee.,  Elcodes  wickhami 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  85 

Horn,  Embaphion  clon^uluin  Horn,  .luiniodonus  ^ranosns 
Fall,  Cymatodcra  couuuis  \Yolc.,  Estlu'supiis  parcus  Horn, 
Acmaeodera  cuprina  Spin,  (a  bright  green  form,  not  cotypVal 
with  Jalapa  specimens;,  .IciiHieodera  opacnla  Lee.,  .Icuniro'/cni 
alicia  Fall,  Afctuleptns  fcinonihts  Schff.,  Cross/ Jius  atcr  I.cc. 
(a  red  variety  which  may  he  new),  Conotruchelus  arizonicus 
Schff.,  Agrilus  cupreomaculatus  Duges. 

-l^i-ilus  cnprcoiiHicnhitits  Duges  was  taken  in  the  l!aho<|u:- 
vari  Mountains,  southern  Arizona,  and  is  the  first  record  of 
this  species  occurring  north  of  the  Mexican  liorder;  the  type 
was  described  from  Tupataro ;  there  is  one  example  of  this 
beautiful  species  labeled  Tepic  in  the  United  States  National 
Museum.  FRANK  R.  MASON,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 

On  the  New  Arachnid  Genus  Tijuca,  Mello-Leitao. 

There  has  just  come  to  my  hands  the  May,  1925,  number  of 
the  Bolethn  do  MHSCU  National  do  Rio  dc  Janeiro  (  \'ol.  1,  Xo. 
6),  in  which  I  am  surprised  to  find  a  new  genus  of  spiders  of 
the  family  Zodariidae  described  by  Dr.  Mello-Leitao  under  tin- 
name  Tijuca  (  p.  461  ).  Tijnca,  the  aboriginal  name  of  the  high- 
est peak  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  does  pos- 
sess a  certain  romantic  significance,  but  it  is  not  available  for  a 
lowly  spider  because  Lesson  (Ccnturic  Zoologiqitc,  p.  30,  pi.  6, 
1830)  appropriated  it  nearly  a  hundred  years  ago  for  a  remark- 
ably beautiful  bird  that  was  discovered  in  the  same  region.  As 
I  have  had  nothing  to  do  with  either  the  discovery  or  the  diag- 
nosis of  the  new  spider,  it  is  not  my  place  to  propose  another 
generic  name  for  it.  That  should  be  done,  and  done  immedi- 
ately, by  Dr.  Mello-Leitao,  before  the  confusion  has  a  chance  to 
spread. 

ERNEST  G.  HOLT,  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED   BY   E.    T.    CRESSOX,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted. 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  ins- 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  record'  u 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  tin'  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pert;iining  t'>  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 


86  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  I. Mar.,  '26 

1 — Trans.,  The  .American  Entomological  Society.  4— 
Canadian  Entomologist.  5 — Psyche.  8 — The  Entomologist's 
Monthly  Magazine.  9 — The  Entomologist.  10 — Proc.  Ent. 
Soc.  Washington.  13 — Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology, 
Claremont,  Cal.  14 — Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.  17— 
Ent.  Rundschau,  Stuttgart.  18 — Internationale  Ent.  Zeit., 
Guben.  22 — Bulletin  of  Ent.  Research,  London.  24 — An- 
nales,  Soc.  Ent.  de  France.  33 — Bull,  et  Annal.  Soc.  Ent. 
Belgique.  39 — The  Florida  Entomologist.  45 — Zeit.  f.  \Vis- 
senschftl.  Insekentb.,  Berlin.  51 — Notulae  Ent.,  Helsing- 
fors.  59 — Encyclopedic  Ent.,  Paris.  63 — Deutsche  Ent. 
Zeit.,  "Iris."  64— Zeit.,  Oesterr.  Ent.  Ver.,  \Yien.  69- 
Comptes  Rendus,  Acad.  Sci.,  Paris.  75 — Annals  and  Mag.  of 
Nat.  History,  London.  77 — Comptes  Rendus,  Soc.  Biologic, 
Paris.  89 — Zool.  Jahrbucher,  Jena.  104 — Zeit.  f.  Wissen. 
Zool.,  Leipzig.  107 — Biologisches  Zentralblatt.  108 — Jour. 
Washington  Acad.  Sci.  Ill — Archiv.  f.  Xaturg.,  Berlin. 
119 — Proc.,  Nat.  Acad.  Sci.,  Washington.  141 — American 
Naturalist.  154 — Zoolog.  Anzeiger. 

GENERAL. — Bergroth,   E.   E. — Obituary   with   portrait. 
51,  v,  101-5.    Buckstone,  A.  W.    W. — Migration  of  Insects. 

9,  1926,  5-8.    Butler,  E.  A.— Obituary  with  portrait.    8,  1926. 
24.     van  Emden,  F. — Zur  kenntnis  der  eizaehn  der  arthro- 
poden,   insbesondere   der   coleopteren.      104,   cxxvi,   622-54. 
Forbes,  S.  A. — The  lake  as  a  microcosm.     Bui.  Nat.   Hist. 
Surv.,  Illinois,  xv,  537-50.     Forbin,  V. — Comment  on  nour- 
rit  "Les  infirmes"  clans  un  jardin  zoologique. —  La  Nature. 
1925.  382-3.    Hayward,  K.  J.— Mites  on  insects.    9,  1926,  14. 
Hunter,  W.  D. — Obituary  with  portrait  and  bibliography. 

10,  xxvii,  169-81.  Light,  S.  S. — Fauna  and  flora  of  apple  bark. 
75,  xvii,  126-49.    Lutz,  A. — Adolpho  Lutz  :  a  leader  in  South 
American  medicine  and  biology.     By  M.  M.  Metcalf — -Sci. 
Month.,   1926,   113-4.     McAtee,  W.  L.— Policies  relating  to 
type  specimens  of  insects.     10,  xxvii,   181-7.     Maulik,  S.— 
Study  <>f  taxonomic  zoology. — Nature,  cxvii,  82.     Meissner, 
O. — Zur   richtigen   betonung   der   lateinischen    namen.      14, 
xxxix,  146-7  (cont.).   Meissner,  O. — Wellentod  der  insekten. 
18,  xix,  307-8.      Morse,   A.   P. — Some   rarities   from    Essex 
County,  Mass.   5,  xxxvii,  298.   Pierce,  W.  D. —  Principles  and 
utilization  of  climatic  control  of  insects.     Lectures  in  Appl. 
Ent.,  (1).   Pt.  2,  p.  81-113.     Roeber,  J.— Luft  und  inzucht. 
17,  xlviii,  2-3.  Ruediger,  E. — Entomologie  und  zettelkatalog. 
17,  xlviii,  3-4.      Uffeln,  K. — Industriemelanismus.      18,  xix, 
301-5.     Weiss,  H.  B. — Similarity  of  insect  food  habit  types 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  87 

on  the  Atlantic  and  western  Arctic  coasts  of  America.     141, 
Ix,  102-4.    Zur  klaerung  cler  rassenfrage  in  der  entomologie 
64,  x,  109-12. 

ANATOMY,     PHYSIOLOGY,      MEDICAL,     ETC.— 

Anderson,  E.  G. — Crossing  over  in  a  case  of  attached  X- 
chromosome  in  Drosophila  m. — Genetics,  x,  403-17.  Bridges 
&  Anderson — Crossing  over  in  the  X-chroinosome  of  trip- 
loid  females  of  Drosophila. — Genetics,  x,  418-41.  Demerec, 
M. — Reddish — a  frequently  "mutating"  character  in  Droso- 
phila virilis.  119,  xii,  11-16.  Jeffrey  &  Hicks — Evidence  as 
to  the  cause  of  so-called  mutations  in  drosophila. — Genetica. 
vii,  273-86.  Metz,  C.  W. — Chromosome  studies  on  Sciara 
(Diptera).  141,  Ix,  42-56.  Muller,  H.  J.— Regionally  differ- 
ential effect  of  X  rays  on  crossing  over  in  autosomes  of 
Drosophila. — Genetics,  x,  470-507.  Muller  &  Dippel — Chro- 
mosome breakage  by  x-rays  and  the  production  of  eggs  from 
genetically  male  tissue  in  drosophila. — Brit.  Jour.  Exper. 
Biol.,  iii,  85-122.  Payne,  N.  M. — Effect  of  environmental 
temperature  upon  insect  freezing  points. — Ecology,  vii,  99- 
106.  Warren,  E. — Spermatogenesis  in  spiders  and  the  chro- 
mosome hypothesis  of  heredity. — Nature,  cxvii,  82-3. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Hayward,  K.  J. 

Mites  on  insects.  9,  1926,  14.  Kuekenthal  &  Krumbach.^ 
Handbuch  der  zoologie.  iii.  Tardigrada.  Von  F.  Richtei>. 
pp.  1-68;  Pentastomida.  Von  R.  Heymons.  pp.  69-128. 
Millot,  J. — La  secretion  de  la  soie  chez  les  araignees.  77, 
xciv,  10-11.  Savory,  T.  H. — Evolution  in  spiders.  Sci. 
Progress,  London,  xx,  475-80.  Zebrowski,  G. — Preliminary 
report  on  the  morphology  of  the  American  dog  tick.  1, 
li,  331-69. 

(N)  *Chamberlin,  R.  V. — New  sp.  of  the  lithobiid  genus 
Nampabius  from  Tennessee.  4,  Ivii,  291.  *Crosby  & 
Bishop. — A  new  gen.  and  two  n.  sps.  of  spiders  collected  bv 
Bufo  quercicus.  39,  ix,  33-6. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Abbott, 
C.  E. — Relative  importance  of  vision  and  the  chemical  sen>e 
in  Anax  larvae.  5,  xxxvii,  315-8.  Johnson,  C.  W. — Man- 
tispa  interrupta  and  M.  brunnea  in  New  England;  5,  xxxvii. 
318.  Pulkkinen,  A. —  Ueber  die  larven  einiger  odoiiaten.  51, 
v.  111-14. 

(N)  *Curran,  C.  H. — Descr.  of  two  insects  found  in  im- 
ported food-stuffs.  4,  Ivii.  292-3.  *Tillyard,  R.  J.— Kan>a- 


88  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  (Mar.,  '26 

permian  insects.     VII.     Order  Mecopteru.     Am.   |<>urn.  Sci., 
xi,  133-64. 

(S)  *Snyder,  T.  E. — New  termites  from  Guatemala, 
Costa  Rica  and  Colombia.  1C8,  xvi,  18-28. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Glasgow,  R.  D.— Specimen  of  Mel- 
anoplus  differentialis  with  four  ocelli.  5,  xxxvii,  285-90. 
Hollande,  C. — Les  cellules  a  urates  des  Acridiens  orthop- 
teres  et  la  genese  de  ces  urates.  69,  clxxxi,  1175-6.  Iwa- 
nowa,  S.  A. — Zur  frage  ueber  die  spermatophorbefruchtung 
bei  den  Acridodea  (Locusta  migratoria).  154,  Ixv.  75-86. 
Rabaud,  E. — Variation  chromatique  chez  Mantis  religiosa. 
77,  xciv,  36-7. 

(N)  *Hebard,  M. — North  American  genus  Inscudderia 
(Tettigoniidae,  Phaneropterinae).  1,  li,  321-30. 

(S)  *Hebard,  M. — Dermaptera  and  Orthoptera  from  the 
state  of  Sinaloa,  Mexico.  II,  Saltatorial  Orthoptera.  1,  li, 
265-310. 

HEMIPTERA.— Neiswander,  C.  R.— On  the  anatomy  of 
the  head  and  thorax  in  Ranatra.  1,  li,  311-20.  Teyrovsky, 
V. — Studie  o  larvach  corixidi.  (Etudes  sur  les  larves  des 
corixides.)  Pub.  Faculte  Sci.  Univ.  Masaryk,  Brno,  1925, 
Cis.  57,  13  pp. 

(N)  *Drake,  C.  J. — Concerning  some  Tingitidae  from  the 
gulf  states.  39,  ix,  36-9. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bird,  H.— New  life  histories  in  Pnpai- 
pema  No.  23.  4,  Ivii,  303-6.  Clark,  A.  H. — Some  unusual 
and  interesting  butterflies  from  eastern  Massachusetts.  5, 
xxxvii,  293-8.  Cook,  W.  C. — Some  weather  relations  of  the 
pale  western  cutworm  (  Porosagrotis  orthogonia).  A  pre- 
liminary study.  Ecology,  vii,  37-47.  Ochmann. — Ein 
kleiner  beitrag  zur  experimentellen  beeinflussung  der 
herbstgeneration  von  Van.  urticae.  18,  xix,  257-60.  Paillot, 
A. — Sur  un  vibrion  parasite  des  chenilles  de  Pieris  brassicae. 
77,  xciv,  67-9. 

(N)  *McDunnough,  J. — Notes  on  some  sps.  of  the  genus 
Anarta.  4,  Ivii,  307-9.  *Reuss,  T. — Boloria  reiffi.  18,  xix. 
279-80.  Seamans,  H.  L. — Notes  on  the  genus  Copable- 
pharon  in  Alberta.  4,  Ivii.  287-90. 

(S)  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Terias  leuce  in  Argentina.  9, 
1926,  11.  *Ehrmann,  G.  A. — New  sps.  of  exotic  Papilioni- 
dae.  59,  (B),  111,  vol.  i,  88-92.  *Hering,  M.— The  macro- 
lepidoptera  of  the  world.  Fauna  americana,  Pt.  172,  Fain. 
Dioptidae;  beginning.  :i:Hering  &  Hopp. —  Fine  sammelaus- 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XFAVS  89 

beute  des  W.  Hopp  aus  dem  Choo  •  \\<  >lumbiens.  63,  xxxix. 
181-207.  Kremky,  J. —  Xeotropi>chr  Danaididrn  in  der 
sammlung  des  Polnischen  Naturhist.  Staatsm.  in  Warschan. 
An  Zool.  Mus.  Polonici  Hist.  Xat.,  iv.  141-275.  *Le  Cerf,  F. 
-Description  de  quelques  Morphox  59,  (1>).  Ill,  vol.  i,  US- 
108.  *Lathy,  P.  L. — Notes  on  the  American  Theclinae.  On 
the  identity  of  Catagramma  idas.  75,  x\\i,  35-47;  48. 
*Stichel,  H. — -Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Riodiniden  fauna 
Suedamerikas.  VI.  45,  xx,  256-64. 

DIPTERA.— Bischoff,  W.— Die  metamori)husc  der  Lipo- 
neura  decipiens  var.  minor  (Blepharoceridae).  89,  li,  Syst., 
329-74.  Edwards,  F.  W. — Extraordinary  matins-habits  in 
a  mosquito.  8,  1926,  23.  Schander  &  Meyer. — Untersuch- 
ungen  ueber  die  fritfliege.  Ill,  1924,  A.  12,  p.  12-87. 
Senior-White  R. — Physical  factors  in  mosquito  ecology.  22, 
xvi,  187-248. 

(N)  *Bequaert,  J. — Notes  on  Hippoboscidae.  I.  Lynchia 
We'yenbergh  and  Lynchia  Speiser  are  not  congeneric.  5, 
xxxii,  265-77.  *Cole,  F.  R. — Notes  on  the  diptera  of  Laguna 
Beach,  Cal.  13,  xvii,  55-59.  Curran,  C.  H. — Some  syrphicl 
synonymy.  4,  Ivii,  307.  *Curran,  C.  H. — (See  under 
Smaller  orders.)  Hendel,  F. — Neue  uebersicht  uber  die 
bisher  bekannt  gewordenen  gattungen  der  Lauxaniidae, 
nebst  beschreibung  neuer  gattungen  u.  arten  [ne\v  neotropi- 
cal species  described].  59,  (B),  II,  vol.  ii,  103-12.  John- 
son, C.  W. — New  sps.  of  diptera  from  N.  Carolina  and 
Florida.  5,  xxxvii,  299-302.  Seguy,  E. — Sur  les  Lucilia  et 
les  Chrysomyia  de  Macquart  et  de  Robineau-Desvoidy.  II, 
59,  (B),  III,  vol.  ii,  93-4.  Shannon,  R.  C.— Note  on  the  dis- 
tribution and  synonymy  of  a  myiasis  producing  fly  (Lucilia 
argyricephala).  10,  xxvii,  196. 

(S)   *Brues,  C.  T. — Some  myrmecophilous  Phoridae  from 
the  Neotropical  region.    5,  xxxvii,  303-12.     *Curran,  C.  H.— 
Descriptions  of  four  new  Neotropical  Diptera.  1,  li,  259-64. 

COLEOPTERA.— Blair,  K.  G.— C  hi  the  luminosity  of 
Pyrophorus.  8,  1926,  11-15.  Chittenden,  F.  H.— Historical 
notes  on  Brachyrhinns  rugifrons.  4,  Ivii,  290-1.  Forbes, 
W.  T.  M. — Second  abdominal  pleurite  in  the  higher  coleop- 
tera.  5,  xxxvii,  290-2.  Meissner,  O. — Rueckgang  auch  der 
kaeferfauna.  14,  xxxix,  137. 

(N)  *Fall,  H.  C.— New  coleoptera.  XI.  4,  Ivii.  309-12. 
^Glasgow,  R.  D. — New  I'hyllophaga  (Scarabaeidae).  4, 

Ivii,  2')3-6. 

(S)    *Achard,  J. —  Xotc-s   sur   le>    I 'la^ioik-ra    .\meri(|iu-   rt 


90  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '26 

descriptions  especes  nouvelles.  24,  xciv,  427-39.  *Britten, 
H. — A  new  bromeliadicolous  ptilid  (Trichopterig-id)  beetle 
from  Trinidad.  8,  1926,  10-11. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Alpatov,  W.  W.— Ueber  die  ver- 
kleinerung  der  russellange  der  honigbiene  vom  sueden  nach 
dem  norden  bin.  154,  Ixv,  103-111.  Kroening,  F. — Ueber 
die  dressur  der  biene  auf  toene.  107,  xlv,  496-507.  Parker, 
J.  B. — Notes  on  tbe  nesting  habits  of  Bembex  comata.  10, 
xxvii,  189-95.  Robertson,  C. — Habits  of  the  hibiscus  bee, 
Emphor  bombiformis.  5,  xxxvii,  278-82.  Sturtevant,  A.  H. 
—Notes  on  the  ant  fauna  of  oak  galls  in  the  Woods  Hole 
region.  5,  xxxvii,  313-4.  Verlaine,  L. — Sur  la  precarte  des 
caracteres  distinctifs  des  Vespa  vulgaris  et  germanica  et  sa 
signification  biologique.  33,  Ixv,  315-49. 

(N)   Gahan,   A.   B. — Interesting   records    of    two     little- 
known  parasitic  hymenoptera.     10,  xxvii,  188.     Meyer,  R.— 
Zur  bienengattung  Sphecodes.      Ill,   1924,  A,    12,   p.    1-12. 
[Also  neotropical.] 

SPECIAL  NOTICES. 

British  Hydracarina.  By  Soar  &  Williamson.  Pub.  by 
The  Ray  Society,  London,  1925,  214  pp.,  pis.  Altho  this 
work  treats  of  the  British  species,  it  should  be  of  interest 
to  American  students  on  account  of  its  monographic  nature. 


THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  DRAGON  FLIES  OF  THE  GENUS  So- 
MATOCHLORA,  by  E.  M.  WALKER.  University  of  Toronto 
Studies,  Biolog'ical  Series  No.  26.  1925.  8vo.,  202  pages,  17 
text  figs.,  35  pis. 

In  1912  the  same  author  put  forth  a  notable  work  having 
a  similar  title,  except  that  the  generic  name  was  Acsluui :  it 
formed  No.  11  of  this  same  Biological  Series;  a  notice  of  it 
appeared  in  the  NEWS  for  June,  1912,  pages  283-6.  During 
much  of  the  intervening  time  Dr.  Walker  has  been  engaged 
upon  the  present  work,  for,  like  Acshna,  Somatochlora,  the 
largest  of  the  Corduliine  genera,  is  more  fully  represented  in 
species  in  the  northern  part  of  North  America  and  his  location 
in  Toronto  has  enabled  him  to  study  these  dragonflies  more 
easily  than  students  farther  south. 

The  species  of  Somatochlora,  as  the  name  suggests,  are,  for 
the  most  part,  green  insects,  especially  of  a  metallic  green  on 
head  and  thorax,  the  eyes  of  a  brilliant  green  above.  Many 
of  them,  in  the  early  days  of  adult  life,  "commonly  fly  at  a  con- 
siderable height,  often  30  to  50  feet  or  more,"  so  that  "often 
it  is  hopeless  to  attempt  their  capture."  "At  other  times  one 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  91 

may  find  an  individual  patrolling  a  small  shady  opening,  partly 
surrounded  by  trees,  and  at  such  times  they  fly  hack  and  forth 
or  around  the  space  at  an  average  height  of  about  4  or  5  fret 
and  are  then  fairly  easily  captured."  "Few  of  thr  species  are 
easily  obtained  in  settled  districts;  most  of  them  are  local  even 
where  the  genus  is  well  represented,  and  they  are  seldom  abun- 
dant even  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  their  breeding  places. 
They  are  shy  denizens  of  the  wilderness,  being  seen  at  their  lies! 
in  the  northern  coniferous  forests  and  the  mountains,  and  in 
consequence  of  the  comparatively  remote  nature  of  their  habi- 
tats our  knowledge  of  their  habits  and  early  stages,  as  well  as 
their  taxonomy,  has  lagged  behind  that  of  other  genera  of 
Oclonata."  Those  of  us  who  have  watched  Somatochlora  hope- 
lessly overhead  in  the  pine  barrens  of  Xew  Jersey,  or  have 
sought  it  along  Indianan  creeks,  appreciate  full  well  Dr. 
Walker's  remarks  on  "the  rarity  of  large  series  of  Somatochlora 
in  collections  and  the  difficulties  attending  the  field  study  of  the 
species."  Yet  he  has  examined  about  1300  specimens  in  his 
own  and  other  museums. 

Somatochlora  comprises  about  36  described  species,  21  in 
North  America,  16  in  Eurasia;  .V.  salilhcr^i  Trybom,  18S'1, 
from  Siberia,  regarded  as  identical  with  S.  walkcri  Kennedy. 
1917,  from  Alaska,  is  common  to  the  two  continents.  In  Xorth 
America,  Fort  Simpson  on  the  Mackenzie  River  and  the  Ktis- 
kokwim  River,  Alaska,  both  at  about  61°  4CK  Xorth  Latitude, 
are  the  most  northern  localities  yet  observed  for  this  genus, 
while  a  female  of  S.  filosa  has  been  taken  east  of  Fort  Meade, 
Florida.  The  genus  is  most  richly  represented  in  the  Canadian 
life  zone. 

The  treatment  of  the  subject  matter  is  similar  to  that  in  the 
author's  Aeshna,  although  the  order  followed  is  not  always  the 
same.  The  general  part  of  the  preset  it  work  occupies  37  pages, 
as  compared  with  54  in  the  former  ;  special  mention  should  be 
made  of  the  description  of  the  eggs  and  first  seven  larval  instars 
of  S.  kennedyi  and  illustrated  in  plates  xvii  and  xxv.  The 
development,  under  laboratory  conditions,  was  very  slow:  eggs 
collected  in  July,  1923,  hatched  in  April,  1924;  six  or  seven 
moults  occurred  up  to  September  29,  after  which  and  up  to 
Jan.  9,  1925,  no  moults  were  recorded,  although  at  this  last  date 
the  nymphs  were  still  in  good  condition.  Details  are  reserved 
for  future  publication  when  the  life  history  has  been  more  hilly 
worked  out.  Dr.  Walker  thinks  at  least  three  winters  are  pa>sed 
in  the  course  of  the  life  cycle  and  that  very  probably  in  tin- 
far  north,  if  not  elsewhere,  four  years  may  be  required. 

"Southern  species  of  Somatochlora  tend  to  be  more  slender 
and  more  elongate  than  northern,  somewhat  less  metallic,  with  a 


92  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '26 

scantier  pubescence.  .  .  .  No  definite  geographical  races 
appear  in  the  material  I  have  examined,  unless  the  form  de- 
scribed as  S.  incnrvata  is  merely  a  large  local  southern  race  of 
S.  forcipata." 

Twenty-one  species  are  recognized,  two  of  them  (georgiana 
and  whitehousei}  here  described  as  new.  Separate  keys  to  the 
adult  males,  to  the  adult  females  and  to  the  known  nymphs  (13 
species)  are  given.  The  full  specific  descriptions  occupy  136 
pages ;  many  of  them  are  accompanied  by  a  map  of  North 
America  in  the  text  showing"  the  distribution  of  the  species  in 
question.  Twelve  pages  contain  the  list  of  references. 

The  first  four  plates  show  dorsal  and  lateral  views  of  the 
male  appendages;  apices  of  female  abdomens  follow  in  thre_' 
more.  The  color  patterns  of  the  entire  body  for  both  sexes,  in 
black  and  white  halftones  (not,  alas,  as  in  the  beautiful  colored 
figures  of  the  AcsJina  monograph!)  fill  pis.  viii-xiv.  Then 
come  the  genitalia  of  the  second  abdominal  segment  of  the 
males  (  2  pis. ),  the  early  stages  (9  pis. ),  reproductions  of  photo- 
graphs of  body  and  wings  (8  pis.)  and  of  two  habitats  (2  pis. ). 

Like  its  predecessor,  this  monograph  has  been  well  and  care- 
fully done  and  few  works  in  odonatological  literature  equal  it 
in  the  detailed  information  which  it  contains. 

P.  P.  CALVERT. 
—   <•»  — 

Doings  of  Societies. 

The  Third  International  Congress  of  Entomology,  Zurich, 

19th-26th  July,   1925. 

I.  Resolution,  Horn — Escherich — Nuttall. 

The  Section  II  for  Systematics  and  Geographical  Distribution 
having  had  under  consideration  the  relation  of  Systematics  to 
Applied  Entomology  wish  to  record  the  following  observations 
and  recommendations : 

OBSERVATIONS.  1.  An  enormous  expansion  in  Applied  En- 
tomology has  recently  taken  place  throughout  the  world.  This 
has  necessitated,  as  a  first  step,  the  exact  determination  of  an 
immense  number  of  insects.  The  result  has  been  to  show  the 
utter  inadequacy  of  the  present  means  for  undertaking  such 
work. 

2.  While  the  existing  organization  of  Applied  Entomology  is 
efficient  in  some  countries  (notably  in  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain),  the  number  of  trained  workers  available  in  all 
countries  is  generally  recognised  as  totally  insufficient.  Every- 
where the  systematic  specialist  is  overburdened,  and  his  load 
has  now  become  an  intolerable  one. 


XXXvii,    '261  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XK\V.-,  93 

3.  Neither  Systematic  nor  Applied  Entomology  has  yet  re- 
ceived due  recognition  in   academic  circles.      Entomology  has 
long  been  the  Cinderella  of  the  Sciences.     Entomological  work, 
especially  Systematic  Entomology,  has  been  regarded  as  being 
definitely    inferior   in   quality    to    work    in    other   branches    of 
Zoology.     It  is  within   the  knowledge  of  the   framers  of   this 
resolution  that  postgraduate  students  have  been  advised  not  to 
undertake  research  in  Systematic  Entomology  on  the  ground 
that  it  led  nowhere.     At  few,  if  any,  European  Universities  is 
Systematic  Entomology  accepted  as  a  qualification  for  a  degree. 

4.  Such  facts  constitute  a  grave  danger  to  science,  both  pure 
and  applied,  and,  as  a  remedy  for  this  state  of  affairs,  the  Sec- 
tion II  proposes  the  following 

RECOMMENDATIONS.     A.  With   regard  to    Universities : 

1.  That  the  teaching  of  Systematic  Entomology  at   I  "niversi- 
ties  be  adequately  provided  for  by  the  establishment  of  chairs 
especially  devoted  thereto ; 

2.  That  meritorious  systematic  work  should  be  regarded  as 
qualifying  candidates    for  ordinary  and   advanced   degrees   at 
Universities. 

B.  \Yith   regard  to  Museums : 

3.  That   immediate   steps   should   be   taken    to    increase   the 
number  of  entomological  assistants,  both  systematic  and  tech- 
nical, in   Museums  and  that  this  should  be  done  in  a  manner 
proportionate  to  the  amount  of  specific  work  entailed  ; 

4.  That  in  the  appointment  of  persons  to  administrative  posts 
in  Museums  and  like  institutions  due  regard,  inter  al:a,  should 
be  given  to  a  candidate's  experience  in  systcmatics. 

C.  With  regard  to  Bibliographical  Institutions : 

5.  That  each  country  should  have  a  central   Bibliographical 
Institute  ( Library  )   for  Entomology. 

This  Resolution,  framed  by  W.  Horn,  K.  Escherich  and  <  1. 
H.  F.  Nuttall,  and  in  addition  signed  by  C.  Borner,  J.  Davidson. 
II.  Eidmann,  K.  Eckstein,  K.  Jordan,  R.  Kleine,  O.  Morgen- 
thaler,  A.  Schuberg,  M.  Schwartz,  F.  Stellwaag,  J.  Waterston 
and  C.  B.  Williams,  was  unanimously  agreed  to  at  the  General 
Meeting  of  the  Congress  on  the  25th  July. 

II. Resolution  proposed  by  the  Section   Y.   for   Applied   Ento- 
mology. 

This  Congress  considers  it  essential  that  the  problems  under- 
lying Applied  Entomology  should  lie  studied,  and  desires  to 
impress  upon  Governments  and  Institutions  concerned  with 
Applied  Entomology  that  time  must  be  devoted  to  Systematic 
Entomology  and  fundamental  research  such  as  Insect  I'hysiol- 
ogy.  Ecology  and  Pathology,  since  only  by  the  study  of  these 
can  insect  control  be  placed  on  a  sound  basis. 


94  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '26 

This  Resolution,  signed  by  C.  Bolivar  Pieltain  (Spain),  C. 
Bonier  (Germany),  J.  Davidson  (England),  T.  Bainbrigye 
Fletcher  (India),  L.  (3.  Howard  (  l\  S.  A. ),  J.  Jablonowski 
(Hungary),  R.  Stewart  MacDougall  ( England ),  G.  A.  K. 
Marshall  (England),  J.  M.  Munro  (England),  O.  Schneider- 
Orelli  (Switzerland),  F.  Schoevers  (Holland),  F.  Stellwaag 
(Germany),  W.  R.  Thompson  (U.  S.  A.),  I.  Tragardh  (Swe- 
den), F.'\V.  Urich  (Trinidad),  C.  B.  Williams  (Egypt)  was 
unanimously  agreed  to  at  the  General  Meeting  of  the  Congress 
on  the  25th  July. 

Nomenclature. 

The  provisional  committee,  elected  for  the  duration  of  the 
Congress,  proposed  and  the  Congress,  in  its  General  Meeting 
of  25th  July,  unanimously  passed  the  following  resolution  : 

The  Congress  considers  it  desirable  to  express  the  opinion 

(  1  )  that  in  future  (i.  e.,  from  the  time  when  the  revised  rules 
of  nomenclature  have  become  law)  it  shall  be  compulsory  for 
the  publication  of  a  new  genus  to  be  accompanied  by  a  de- 
scription of  the  genus  as  well  as  by  the  citation  of  an  already 
known  species  or  by  the  description  of  a  new  one ;  and 

(2)  that  in  future  a  new  name  published  must  be  accompa- 
nied by  a  description  in  words  (or  a  reference  to  a  former  such 
description)  also  in  the  case  of  Lepidoptera. 

Dr.  J.  Waterston  proposed  and  the  Meeting  unanimously 
agreed  that  this  Resolution  be  sent  to  all  Editors  of  Entomolog- 
ical Journals. 

OBITUARY. 

The  Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine  and  The  Entomol- 
ogist, of  London,  for  November  last,  contain  obituary  no- 
tices of  Prof.  HAROLD  MAXWELL  LEFROY,  whose  death  on 
October  14,  1925,  as  a  result  of  exposure  to  insecticidal 
gases  in  his  laboratory  in  London,  attracted  universal  atten- 
tion in  the  daily  papers  of  the  time.  We  summarize  their 
accounts  as  follows:  He  was  born  January  20,  1877,  at 
Itchell  Manor,  Crundall,  Hants,  England;  educated  at  Marl- 
borough  School  and  at  King's  College,  Cambridge,  and  at 
the  latter,  under  the  influence  of  Dr.  David  Sharp,  special- 
ized in  entomology.  From  1899  to  1903,  he  was  Entomolo- 
gist to  the  Imperial  Department  of  Agriculture  for  the  West 
Indies,  and  was  stationed  chiefly  at  Barbados.  From  1903 


XXXVli,    '261  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  95 

to  1910,  he  was  Imperial  Entomologist  for  India,  then  re- 
turned to  England.  In  1912  he  became  Professor  of  Ento- 
mology in  the  Imperial  College  of  Science  at  South  Ken- 
sington, a  position  which  he  occupied  at  his  death,  and 
where  he  was  largely  occupied  with  researches  into  the  life- 
histories  and  the  means  of  destruction  of  injurious  insect:-. 
During  the  Great  War  he  was  called  to  the  British  army  in 
Mesopotamia  to  deal  with  the  house-fly  problem,  and  later 
to  Australia  on  account  of  the  grain  weevils.  His  chief 
publications  are  Indian  Insect  Pests  (19' I'M.  Indian  Insect 
Life  (1910)  and  A  Manual  of  Entomology  (1923).  A  notice 
of  the  second  of  these  will  be  found  in  the  XEWS  for  Febru- 
ary, 1910,  page  91.  The  writer  in  the  first  magazine  cited 
at  the  beginning  of  this  notice  links  the  name  of  Lefroy  with 
that  of  Arthur  Bacot  as  those  of  martyrs  to  the  cause  of  ento- 
mological research  in  the  service  of  man. 


On  January  30,  1926,  GEORGE  ALEXANDER  EH R MAN  died  at 
his  home,  2314  Sarah  Street,  Pittsburgh,  in  the  sixty-fourth 
year  of  his  age. 

Mr.  Ehrman  was  born  February  2,  1862,  not  far  from  the 
residence,  which  he  owned,  and  in  which  he  had  lived  for  the 
last  thirty-six  years  of  his  life.  In  his  boyhood  he  completed 
a  course  in  the  public  schools  of  Pittsburgh  and  then  began  to 
earn  his  livelihood  in  a  glass-factory.  He  became  a  very  skill- 
ful workman  and,  being  of  an  inventive  turn,  produced  a  num- 
ber of  devices,  which  came  into  general  use  in  the  manufacture 
of  blown  and  pressed  glass.  He  was  long  connected  with  the 
Macbeth-Evans  Glass  Company  and  the  United  States  Gl 
Company  of  Pittsburgh.  During  the  later  years  of  his  life  he 
was  employed  in  the  Research  Laboratory  of  the  Mesta  Ma- 
chine Company  at  \Yest  Homestead.  Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Ehrman  amassed  a  competence  by  energy  and  thrift  and 
was  able  during  most  of  the  years  of  his  later  life  t«>  -ratify  his 
inborn  love  of  natural  history.  He  was  particularly  interested 
in  entomology  and  especially  in  the  Lepidoptera  and  Cole- 
optera.  He  likewise  took  an  interest  in  "niithology.  lie  was 
one  of  a  group  of  young  men  in  Pittsburgh,  chiefly  of  German 


96  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '26 

descent,  who  in  the  final  decade  of  the  last  century  be^an  to 
collect  and  study  the  insect-fanna  of  western  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Entomological  So- 
ciety of  Western  Pennsylvania.  Subsequently  he  became  a 
member  of  a  number  of  similar  societies  both  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe. 

At  first  Mr.  Ehrman  made  extensive  collections  of  the  Lepid- 
optera  and  Coleoptera  of  western  Pennsylvania  ;  later  he  became 
attracted  to  the  showier  exotic  forms,  making  a  specialty  of  the 
genus  Papilio.  His  collection,  representing-  this  genus,  is  very 
extensive.  Not  long  before  his  death  he  informed  the  writer 
of  these  lines  that  he  believed  his  collection  to  contain  almost 
all  of  the  species  which  have  been  attributed  to  this  genus,  as 
well  as  a  great  number  of  subspecific  forms  and  aberrations. 
It  is  understood  that  his  entire  collection  in  pursuance  of  his 
wishes  is  to  become  the  property  of  the  Carnegie  Museum. 

Mr.  Ehrman  wrote  a  number  of  articles,  which  appeared  from 
time  to  time  in  various  entomological  publications.  In  these 
he  either  described  species  and  varieties,  which  he  believed  to 
be  new  to  science,  or  recorded  his  observations  upon  habits  or 
habitats.  More  than  a  dozen  of  his  papers  appeared  in  the 
earlier  volumes  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS;  others  were  pub- 
lished in  The  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society, 
the  Canadian  Entomolo<gist,  and  elsewhere.  These  articles,  so 
far  as  the  Lepidoptera  are  concerned,  mainly  relate  to  the  genus 
Papilio,  the  genus  Catocala,  and  the  butterflies  and  moths  of 
Liberia,  from  which  country  he  received  a  good  deal  of  inter- 
esting material.  His  papers  of  coleopterological  content  treat 
mainly  the  various  species  of  the  genus  Cychrns  and  its  allies, 
of  which  he  brought  together  a  considerable  assemblage  from 
all  parts  of  the  world. 

Mr.  Ehrman  was  an  industrious  and  enthusiastic  worker,  a 
genial  companion,  and  a  good  story-teller,  whose  mirth-provok- 
ing tales  of  life  in  a  glass-factory  will  long  be  remembered  by 
his  friends.  I  le  never  was  married.  He  is  survived  by  a 
brother,  Mr.  Robert  Ehrman,  and  two  sisters,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Fritz,  of  Pittsburgh,  and  Mrs.  Kate  Roessler,  of  Terre  I  laute, 
Indiana. 

W.  J.  HOLLA  x n. 


APRIL,  1926 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXXVII 


No.  4 


PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
.Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  SectiM 
Act  of  Octobers,  '91?.  authorized  January  15, 


JAMKS  RIDINGS 
1803-1880 

CONTENTS 

Williams — The  Butterflies  of  Avon,  Connecticut  (Lepid.,  Rhopalocera)  97 

Payne — Landmarks  in  the  History  of  the  Study  of  Insect  Hibernation.  99 
Parman — Migrations  of  the  Long-Beaked  Butterfly,  Libythea  bachmani 

Kirtland  (Lepid. :    Libytheidae)  .    .    .        101 

Fletcher — Notes  on  the  Migration  of  the  Snout  Butterfly  (Lepid.,  Liby- 
theidae)   • 106 

Cockerell  and  Hicks— A  New  Parasitic  Bee  from  Colorado  (Hymen.: 

Coelioxynae) 107 

Bell — Remarks  on  Hesperia  freija  Warren  (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera).  .    .  109 

McMurray — Ceratina  dupla  (Hym.:  Ceratinidae) 110 

Ewing — Key  to  the  Known  Adult  Trombiculas  (Adults  of  Chiggers)  of 
the  New  World  with  Descriptions  of  Two  New  Species  (Acarina, 

Trombidoidea) Ill 

Fisher — A    New   Acmaeodera  from  Nevada  Infesting  Purshia   (Col.: 

Buprestidae) 114 

Editorial— The  Need  for  Systematic  Entomologists ll(i 

Personal  Mention      117 

"Butterflies  of  California" 117 

McMurray — Cocoon  Spinning  fHymen.  :  Parasitica) IIS 

Aldrich — Occurrence    of   Morellia    podagrica    Lw.   in    North   America 

(Dip.  :    Muscidae)  .  .        Hit 

Entomological   Literature 120 

Review  of  Balfour-Browne's  Concerning  the  Habits  of  Insects 124 

Obituary— Edward  Albert  Butler 12' 

— Dr.  Sigmund  Exner 12ti 

-Prof.  G.  B.  Grassi 127 

—John  L.  Healy 12 s 


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ENTOMOLOGICALJEWS 

VOL.  XXXVII  APRIL,   1926  No.  4 

The  Butterflies  of  Avon,  Connecticut  ( Lepid., 

Rhopalocera). 

By  ROSWELL  C.  WILLIAMS,  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

During1  the  years  1902  to  1914  I  spent  from  two  to  four 
week-encis  each  season  in  my  Mother's  home  in  Avon,  Connecti- 
cut, collecting-  and  observing-  the  butterflies  that  were  flying  in 
that  locality,  and  I  publish  herewith  a  list  of  the  species  cap- 
tured and  their  time  of  appearance  as  observed  by  me  during 
that  period.  I  was  in  Avon  at  one  time  or  another  throughout 
the  season  with  exception  of  the  last  two  weeks  in  September. 

The  house  is  on  the  side  of  a  hill  known  as  Talcott  Mountain 
and  at  an  elevation  of  about  three  hundred  feet,  the  top  of  the 
mountain  having  an  elevation  of  about  seven  hundred  and  fifty 
feet.  The  collecting  was  all  done  within  a  mile's  radius  of  my 
Mother's  home.  Avon  is  eight  miles  west  of  Hartford  and 
seven  miles  north  of  Farmington,  Connecticut.  While  this  list 
probably  does  not  include  all  of  the  species  that  may  be  found 
there,  it  is,  at  any  rate,  a  definite  record  of  actual  captures. 
Some  of  the  insects  were  only  seen  once.  Anthocharis  gcnntia 
is  represented  by  a  single  female,  which  was  caught  on  the 
front  porch.  The  most  northern  p'revious  record  that  I  am 
familiar  with  is  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  as  recorded  by  Mr. 
Scudder.  Satyrodes  cantlnts  was  only  observed  once,  but  there 
were  several  individuals  flying. 

I'icris  protodicc  was  not  observed  until  1911,  and  then  it 
appeared  to  be  somewhat  abundant.  A  small,  swampy  lot  of  a 
few  acres  back  of  the  house,  having  an  abundant  growth  of 
wild  flowers,  would  sometimes  be  fairly  alive  with  the  Argyn- 
nids  and  idalia  was  always  abundant. 

The  accompanying  list  shows  the  distribution  of  the  species 
for  each  of  the  four  weeks  of  each  month. 

The  nomenclature  used  is  that  of  the  I'-ames  &  Mel  hinimugh 
list,  except  for  some  changes  1  have  made'  in  the  names  nf  the 
I  lesperiidae. 

97 


98 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[Apr.,  '26 


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XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  99 

Landmarks  in  the  History  of  the  Study  of 
Insect  Hibernation. 

By  NELLIE  M.  PAYNE,  University  of  Minnesota. 

It  is  a  far  cry  from  the  simple  observations  of  an  Aristotle 
that  insects  do  hibernate  to  the  refined  measurements  of  the 
Danish  physiologist,  Krogh,  on  the  rate  of  metabolism  during 
hibernation.  This  tiny  portion  of  the  great  field  of  physiology 
has  already  yielded  varied  and  interesting  results. 

The  first  landmark  in  the  history  of  the  study  of  insect 
hibernation  is  the  work  of  Aristotle.  He  knew  that  insects 
hibernated  in  a  state  of  torpor. 

The  Roman  period  and  the  dark  ages  of  science  we  pass  by  to 
come  upon  the  work  of  Reaumur  and  ITuber.  These  workers 
deserve  a  high  rank  among  the  pioneers  in  experimental  and 
observational  entomology.  It  is  surprising  to  see  how  modern, 
how  accurate,  and  how  ingenious  were  the  methods  used  by 
these  workers,  the  former  nearly  two  hundred  years  ago.  The 
observations  of  Reaumur  and  Huber  on  the  hibernation  of  bees 
stand  out  with  amazing  force  and  freshness.  Reaumur  also 
did  the  first  quantitative  experiment  to  determine  the  exact  de- 
gree of  low  temperature  which  insects  can  endure  and  still  live. 
His  material  was  larvae  found  in  wood.  His  method  was  to 
place  these  larvae  in  thin  glass  tubes  in  freezing  mixtures  of 
marine  salt  and  water.  He  recorded  the  temperature  of  the 
freezing  mixture  by  means  of  the  thermometer  which  he,  him- 
self, had  lately  invented.  Reaumur  is  known  to  biologists 
as  a  lover  of  pure  science  and  often  thought  to  be  a  scholarly 
recluse.  Yet  a  careful  study  of  his  life  shows  that  he  was  a 
busy  man  of  affairs.  He  held  the  offices  which  today  would  be 
the  equivalent  of  the  National  Research  Council  Chairmanship, 
the  Secretaryships  of  Commerce  and  of  the  Interior,  besides 
managing  his  own  large  estates. 

The  next  workers  along  the  path  are  Englishmen,  Kirbv  and 
Spence  (1818).  They  devote  a  chapter  of  thirty-five  P:ILU> 
to  a  study  of  insect  torpidity  and  insect  hibernation.  They 
ascribe  the  hibernation  of  insects  to  a  provision  of  the  all\vi\e 
Creator  against  a  time  of  want.  \ot  content  with  mere 


100  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

philosophizing-  these  authors  perform  some  experiments  on 
the  hibernation  of  bees.  They  also  sum  up  the  work  of  pre- 
ceding- authors. 

The  next  significant  landmark  is  the  work  of  Vaudoner 
(1827)  on  the  lethargy  of  caterpillars.  Yaudoner  emphasized 
the  periodicty  of  hibernation.  He  was  one  of  the  first  workers 
to  state  clearly  that  insects  could  go  into  a  state  of  hibernation 
when  the  temperature  was  still  high  and  the  food  supply  was 
plentiful.  The  work  of  Vaudoner  has  been  overlooked  by  many 
later  biologists  but  is  suggestive  of  the  possibility  of  experi- 
mentation along  many  lines  relating  to  lethargy  and  hibernation. 

Along  with  the  advance  in  experimentation  in  the  acquiring 
of  knowledge  comes  the  invention  and  perfection  of  instru- 
ments of  precision.  Nobili  and  Melloni  (1833-4)  were  the  first 
workers  to  use  the  thermocouple  method  to  determine  the 
temperature  of  insects.  This  instrument  had  been  devised  by 
Seebeck  about  ten  years  previous. 

One  of  our  own  countrymen,  Scudder  fl8S7),  deserves  to 
stand  as  a  landmark  in  this  smaller  field  of  insect  study  under 
consideration  as  he  does  in  the  larger  fields  of  paleontology  and 
taxonomy.  His  treatise  on  insect  hibernation  and  insect  leth- 
argy forms  the  subject  of  two  excursus  in  his  Butterflies  of  the 
Eastern  United  States  and  Canada. 

The  next  outstanding  worker  is  Bachmetjew.  He  summar- 
ized the  literature  of  the  preceding  workers,  made  extensive 
additions  of  his  own  and  analyzed  the  data  thus  obtained  to  make 
one  coherent  theory  of  the  vital  temperature  minimum  of  in- 
sects. He  used  the  thermocouple  method  to  determine  the 
freezing  point  of  insects.  He  published  his  results  from  1898 
to  1901,  this  last  date  marking  the  publication  of  his  monu- 
mental work.  Experiment  elle  entoinologiscJic  Studien  i'oin 
physicalisch-chemischen  Stand  finnkt  aits,  Band.  I.  We  can  say 
monumental,  although  the  volume  contains  but  one  hundred  and 
sixty  pages.  The  new  viewpoint  that  is  expressed  in  the  title 
so  clearly,  that  no  one  can  fail  to  grasp  the  import,  is  the  qual- 
ity that  makes  this  book  outstanding.  Quantitative  physico- 
chemical  entomology  was  now  possible. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \E\VS  101 

Krogh  in  Denmark  forms  another  outstanding  worker.  His 
nse  of  insect  material  in  the  study  of  quantitative  physiology 
demonstrates  a  few  of  the  great  possibilities  present  in  the 
investigation  of  insect  material.  Krogh's  (1914)  measure- 
ments of  rate  of  metabolism  at  low  temperatures  and  during 
hibernation  are  an  expression  of  the  quantitative  study  of  hi- 
bernation, which  has  already  yielded  varied  and  interesting 
results. 

Only  a  few  of  those  who  have  contributed  to  the  study  of 
hibernation  have  here  been  mentioned,  and  only  those  who 
lay  in  the  direct  line  of  development  as  near  as  that  line  can 
be  ascertained  today.  To  the  workers  of  today  in  the  new  field 
of  insect  hibernation,  it  may  be  well  to  point  out  that  there 
were  earnest  investigators  two  hundred  years  ago  in  this  same 
field.  To  these  pioneers  we  must  give  credit  and  also  learn 
something  at  least  from  their  worthy  efforts. 


Migrations  of  the  Long-Beaked  Butterfly,  Libythea 
bachmani  Kirtland  (Lepid.  :  Libytheidae).1 

By  D.  C.  PARMAN,  Assistant  Entomologist,  Bureau  of  Ento- 
mology, United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Since  the  establishment  of  the  laboratory  at  Uvalde,  Texas, 
in  the  fall  of  1913  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Entomology, 
the  Long-beaked  Butterfly  has  frequently  been  observed.  It  is 
thought  that  a  brief  record  of  these  observations  may  be  of 
value  to  those  interested  in  the  study  of  insect  behavior.  Xo 
general  flights  of  the  long-beaked  butterflies  were  noted  until 
the  summer  of  1916;  a  few  small  flights  occurred  during  the 
summer  of  1917  and  a  few  specimens  were  seen  in  1918,  but 
no  flights  of  consequence  were  observed  that  year.  A  con- 
siderable number  of  these  butterflies  appeared  in  migration 
during  the  summer  of  1921,  but  all  of  these  flights  were  very 
small  compared  with  the  flights  of  1916. 

It  has  not  been  possible  to  correlate  the  climatic  conditions  of 
the  two  years  with  the  flights.  The  summer  of  1'Mo  was  omi- 

iApproved  for  publication  by  the  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Ento- 
mology, United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 


102  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

paratively  rainy  and  rather  cool,  whereas  the  summer  of  1921 
was  relatively  hot  and  dry.  The  migrations  observed  during 
both  years  took  place  in  the  month  of  August,  always  after 
rains,  which  were  generally  light  as  compared  to  other  rains  of 
the  season.  Butterflies  have  been  observed  in  large  numbers 
during  other  years  in  the  bottoms  along  the  streams  and  in  low 
valleys,  but  apparently  no  migrations  took  place.  The  number 
of  butterflies  which  took  part  in  the  migrations  of  1916  is 
almost  unbelievable. 

The  amount  of  rainfall  in  inches  for  the  period  during  which 
the  writer  has  been  stationed  at  Uvalde  was  as  follows :  for 
1914,21.18;  1915,  13.65;  1916,  33.34;  1917,  11.80;  1918,  12.00; 
1919,  38.52;  1920,  18.24;  1921,  17.86;  1922,  20.95;  1923, 
29.84;  1924,  15.68. 

The  precipitation  by  days  during  the  months  from  May  to 
September  of  the  two  years  when  large  migrations  occurred 
was  as  follows,  in  inches  : 

1916.  May  1  .28,  2  .22,  18  .28,  20  (trace),  21  .77,  total 
1.55.  June  15  .58,  16  .05,  30  .09,  total  .72.  July  5  .5,  9  1.77, 

14  .68,  21  .4,  23  .37,  27  .6,  28  .92,  30  .15,  31  .51,  total  6.20. 
August  1  1.3,  6  (trace),  7  .4,  16,  17  (trace  each),  19  3.1,  21 
.4,  24  (trace),  28  2.0,  total  7.20.    September  1  3.01,  2  2.01,  13 
.35,  14  .25,  total  5.62. 

1921.  May  1  2.4,  10  (trace),  11  .3,  15  .8,  16  .06,  17  1.68, 
total  5.22.  June  3  .2,  8  (trace),  10  .05,  12  .5,  13  1.73,  14  .4, 

15  .04,  total  2.92.    July  6  (trace),  7  .42,  8  .22,  11  .3,  30  .22, 
total  1.16.     August  28  .19,  29  .1,  total  .29     September  8  .33, 
9  .61,  11  .02,  29  .24,  total  1.20. 

MIGRATIONS  OF  1916 

During  the  early  part  of  the  summer  and  early  fall  of  1916. 
large  numbers  of  many  species  of  Lepidoptera  were  present  in 
the  vicinity  of  Uvalde.  Butterflies  were  by  far  the  most  con- 
spicuous and  were  probably  the  most  abundant.  The  roadsides 
were  lined  with  them  and  reports  were  received  of  automobile 
radiators  becoming  clogged  with  them  to  the  extent  of  stop- 
ping the  air  circulation  sufficiently  to  cause  the  engine  to  over- 
heat. The  writer  took  many  mutilated  specimens  from  radia- 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMoi.dCH  Al.    .\K\VS  103 

tors,  but  never  observed  a  radiator  with  a  sufficient  number 
on  it  to  interfere  seriously  with  cooling-.  Libvthea  bachinani 
was  probably  the  predominating-  species,  but  several  others 
were  almost  as  abundant  and  were  more  noticeable  in  the  roads  ; 
L.  bac/iniani  kept  more  to  the  heavy  growths  of  grasses,  weeds 
and  timber,  and  in  low  moist  places  it  was  the  only  species 
observed  to  make  definite  migratory  flights. 

The  first  migration  occurred  August  1  ;  the  last,  August  28. 
Many  individuals  were  observed  before  and  after  the  above 
dates.  A  single  one  was  found  November  10,  about  4  p.  m. 
in  the  warm  sun  on  the  west  side  of  the  insectary  in  a  semi- 
stupor,  but  was  fresh  in  appearance  and  unmutilated.  This  was 
the  last  observed  during  the  fall.  It  was  found  dead  on  the 
ground  the  next  morning. 

The  flights  always  took  place  in  the  afternoon  and  generally 
from  4  p.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  The  largest  flights  occurred  after 
rains  which  fell  on  the  previous  day  or  night.  A  few  indi- 
viduals were  observed  to  pass  nearly  every  day  during  August 
and  the  first  days  of  September,  but  in  most  cases  these  flights 
could  not  be  considered  as  general  migrations,  for  the  travel 
was  broken  and  at  times  out  of  the  general  course.  The  move- 
ments were  in  a  general  easterly  direction.  At  times  they  devi- 
ated slightly  to  the  north  or  south,  more  often  to  the  south. 
The  prevailing  wind  during  August  was  from  the  southeast. 
The  migrations  never  took  place  when  there  was  more  than  a 
moderate  breeze  and  then  the  divergence  was  to  the  north.  Dur- 
ing calm  afternoons  the  movement  was  decidedly  to  the  south- 
east. When  there  was  any  decided  air  movement  the  butter- 
flies flew  low.  No  migration  was  observed  when  there  were 
heavy  clouds  or  the  least  precipitation. 

The  insects  moved  almost  in  a  straight  line  and  seemingly 
without  effort  on  calm  days  at  a  speed  of  from  10  to  15  miles 
per  hour,  as  was  judged  on  several  occasions  by  driving  with 
the  flight  in  an  automobile.  The  movement  would  slow  as  the 
air  movement  increased.  If  an  individual  was  disturbed  and 
thrown  behind  any  natural  obstruction,  it  would  fly  about  in 
an  indefinite  way  until  it  finally  came  in  contact  with  the  regular 


104  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

stream  and  would  then  proceed  with  it.  When  a  migrant 
was  flying  low  enough  to  encounter  natural  obstructions  it 
would  keep  the  same  general  course  and  move  over  the  object 
from  6  to  not  more  than  24  inches  from  it.  On  calm  days, 
individuals  were  observed  as  high  in  the  air  as  the  unaided 
eye  could  detect  (from  125  to  150  feet). 

The  number  of  butterflies  in  the  flights  was  small  at  first, 
but  increased  until  the  last  flights  would  literally  fill  the  air. 
The  following  excepts  are  from  notes  made  on  the  days  of  the 
most  extensive  migrations : 

Aug.  1  :  A  large  number  of  butterflies  is  flying  southeast 
just  above  the  natural  obstructions  up  to  as  far 
into  the  air  as  the  natural  eye  can  detect.  Speci- 
mens taken  by  climbing  to  top  of  house.  Flight 
began  about  5  :30  p.  m. ;  none  flying  at  sundown. 

Aug.  2 :  No  specimens  observed  flying  this  morning.  A  few 
are  flying  at  6  p.  m. 

Aug.  8:  While  driving  west  of  town  observed  butterflies  mi- 
grating east  in  about  double  the  numbers  of  the  first 
flight.  They  are  coming  from  the  cane  fields  at  4 
p.  m. 

Aug.  9:  Thousands  of  the  long-beaks  are  coming  from  the 
cane  fields  four  miles  west  of  town,  where  they  were 
apparently  feeding  on  the  blooms  of  the  cane  heads. 
Many  of  the  cane  heads  were  entirely  covered. 
Heavy  migrations  east  were  observed  at  5  :30  p.  m. 

Aug.  10:  A  few  long-beaks  began  passing  the  laboratory  close 
to  the  ground,  headed  in  a  northeasterly  direction.  A 
light  breeze  was  blowing  from  the  southeast.  The 
breeze  is  stronger  at  3  p.  m.  and  the  flight  has 
stopped. 

Aug.  17 :  A  few  of  the  long-beaks  have  been  observed  in  flight 
during  nearly  all  of  the  still  evenings  of  late,  but 
this  afternoon  the  air  is  full  at  4  o'clock.  This  is 
the  largest  flight  observed  and  at  times  the  sky  is 
almost  hidden.  All  are  passing  to  the  east.  At  5 
p.  m.  a  strong  breeze  came  up  from  the  east  and  the 
flight  stopped. 

Aug.  25:  While  driving  to  Uvalde  from  a  point  20  miles  awav, 
observed  many  long-beaks  to  be  flying  east  between 
3  and  5  p.  m. 

Aug.  28:  About  3  p.   m.  a  flight  toward   the  east  began.     A 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\VS  105 

light  breeze  was  blowing  from  the  east.  The  butter- 
flies were  flying  close  to  the  ground  and  followed 
very  closely  over  obstructions.  At  5:30  the  wind 
had  become  calm,  the  butterflies  had  arisen  in  the 
air  as  high  as  could  be  seen,  the  lower  ones  just 
above  the  buildings.  The  flight  increased  until  the 
air  was  full  at  6  p.  m.  and  lasted  30  minutes.  6 :45 : 
not  a  specimen  can  be  seen. 

MIGRATIONS 'OF  1921 

On  July  30  at  the  laboratory,  a  few  individuals  were  trying 
to  fly  against  a  strong  breeze  from  the  southeast ;  2  p.  m.  they 
flew  close  to  the  ground  and  many  alighted  on  mesquite  trees 
in  the  back  yard.  Nothing  was  observed  on  July  31,  but  on 
August  1,  at  the  laboratory,  the  long-beaks  were  migrating  in 
moderate  numbers  to  the  east  against  a  moderate  breeze  from 
the  southeast.  Five  miles  north  of  town  they  were  flying 
in  greater  numbers  than  at  Uvalde,  which  was  a  considerable 
flight.  On  August  2,  only  an  occasional  adult  was  migrating 
to  the  east. 

No  more  migrations  were  observed  during  the  year  at  the 
laboratory,  but  Mr.  A.  P.  Nicholson,  instructor  in  Sydney  Uni- 
versity, Sydney,  Australia,  who  was  visiting  in  Uvalde  and 
making  a  study  of  the  insect  fauna,  made  the  following  obser- 
vation on  August  27  and  28: 

About  three  miles  north  of  Concan,  on  August  27,  a  large 
number  of  butterflies,  probably  the  long-beak,  was  observed 
flying  steadily  in  the  same  direction.  As  near  as  I  can  judge, 
the  direction  of  the  flight  was  south  by  east,  as  it  was  incline!  1 
a  little  more  to  the  east  than  the  direction  of  the  road.  The 
insects  were  flying  at  a  fair  height,  on  the  average  about  2( )  <  >r 
30  feet  from  the  ground.  The  flight  was  observed  from  about 
5  to  6  o'clock,  and  on  proceeding  south  along  the  road,  I  con- 
tinued to  observe  the  insects  for  two  or  three  miles.  There 
had  been  heavy  rains  during  the  day  and  the  tlight  was  observed 
to  have  commenced  a  short  time  after  the  weather  had  cleared. 

On  August  28,  about  6:30  p.  m.,  the  insects  were  again  ob- 
served but  in  small  numbers.  This  was  at  a  point  about  three 
miles  northwest  of  Uvalde.  Again  the  insects  were  flying  in  a 
general  southeasterly  direction. 

Although  a  few  specimens  of  Libythca  have  been  seen  each 


106  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NK\VS  [Apr.,    '26 

year  from    1922  to   1924,   inclusive,   no  migrations   have  been 
observed  at  Uvalde  since  1921. 

FOOD  HABITS 

Ccltis  sp.  is  given  as  the  food  plant  of  Libythca  baclunani. 
This  tree  is  not  uncommon  in  this  district,  but  no  case  of  de- 
foliation has  been  observed. 

The  adults  have  been  found  on  several  sweets :  Aphis  honey, 
fruits,  sugars  and  flowers.  They  apparently  prefer  the  sorghum 
flowers  to  anything  else.  In  many  sorghum  fields  they  have 
been  observed  in  large  numbers;  at  times  in  1916  there  was 
scarcely  a  flowering  head  that  did  not  have  from  1  to  10  of 
them  on  it. 


Notes  on  a  Migration  of  the  Snout  Butterfly  (Lepid., 

Libytheidae). 

By  ROBERT  K.  FLETCHER,  College  Station,  Texas. 

On  September  23d,  1925,  there  passed  through  College  Sta- 
tion, Texas,  a  great  migration  of  the  Snout  Butterfly,  Libythca 
baclutianni,  Kirt.  The  butterflies  were  proceeding  southward  at 
an  estimated  speed  of  eight  miles  an  hour.  The  wind  was 
blowing  from  the  south  at  an  estimated  rate  of  from  three  to 
five  miles  an  hour.  The  day  was  warm,  97  degrees  F.,  with 
bright  sunshine.  The  greatest  number  of  individuals  passed 
through  between  2  P.  M.  and  6  P.  M. 

There  were  thousands  of  butterflies  and  the  most  striking 
features  were  the  manner  and  steadiness  of  their  flight.  The 
great  majority  were  flying  within  three  feet  of  the  ground.  An 
obstruction  in  their  path,  say  a  board  fence  or  small  house, 
would  hardly  cause  them  to  perceptibly  pause,  before  they  flew 
over  or  around  it.  If  one  were  missed  with  the  net  it  might 
swing  to  one  side  but  the  southward  flight  would  be  immedi- 
ately resumed.  The  migration  passed  with  the  steady  persi st- 
ance of  a  deep-flowing  stream. 

About  twelve  hours  later  a  "norther"  struck  College  Station. 
The  temperature  dropped  to  65  degrees  F.  while  the  wind 
changed  to  the  north  and  increased  to  twenty  miles  an  hour. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTO.MHI.or.lCAL    NEWS  107 

Did  these  butterflies  migrate  because  of  this  "norther"?  Wea- 
ther fleeing  southward  before  it?  In  other  words  were  they 

f  ^~3  - 

started  upon  their  migration  by  a  drop  in  temperature  prob- 
ably accompanied  by  an  increase  in  wind  velocity?  I  do  not 
think  so.  First,  they  passed  through  here  about  twelve  hours 
ahead  of  the  "norther."  Second,  ho\v  could  they  have  gained 
so  much  time  on  the  "norther"  with  its  wind  velocity  of  twenty 
miles  an  hour?  This  is  supposing,  of  course,  that  the  increased 
cold,  which  might  be  considered  to  have  initiated  their  migra- 
tion, was  accompanied  by  a  wind  of  this  velocity.  Third,  why 
did  they  continue  on  their  way  after  they  had  gained  twelve 
hours  and  against  a  south  wind? 

Dr.  Alvin  R.  Cahn,  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  in  an  article 
upon  the  Migration  of  Animals,  (American  Naturalist,  Xov.- 
Dec.  1925),  offers  as  an  explanation  of  this  phenomenon: 
"Physiological  changes  going  on  within  the  body,  mainly  the 
sex  organs."  Cannot  the  southward  migration  of  these  butter- 
flies be  better  explained  in  this  way  than  by  assigning  it  either 
to  instinct  or  to  an  immediate  response  to  a  single  stimulus? 

Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  kindly  had  the  species  determined  for  me. 

A  New  Parasitic  Bee  from  Colorado 
(Hymen.  :  Coelioxynae). 

By  T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL  and  CHAS.  H.  HICKS,  University  of 

Colorado,  Boulder,  Colorado. 
Holcopasites  haematurus  sp.  n. 

<$. — Length,  little  over  7  millimeters  ;  head  and  thorax  black, 
with  appressed  white  pubescence  ;  region  about  antennae  covered 
with  rather  long,  white  hairs;  head  and  thorax  densely  coarsely 
punctured  but  shining  between  punctures;  labrum  black,  not 
carinate,  proximal  part,  at  least,  covered  with  long,  white  pile; 
mandibles  simple,  proximal  quarter  black,  distal  quarter  cas- 
taneous  ;  joint  3  of  antennae  as  long  as  4+5  ;  antennae  black, 
scape  curved  and  rather  coarsely  punctured;  maxillary  palpi 
5-jointed,  long  and  slender,  proximal  joint  about  as  Ion-  as  two 
distal  joints,  second  and  third  slightly  longer  than  last  two: 
labial  palpi  4-jointed,  first  joint  much  longer  than  second; 
tongue  long  and  pointed  at  tip. 

Scutellum  conspicuously  but  obtusely  bilobed  :  IIU-M  ipleurae 
bulging,  truncate  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  ;  tegulae  castaneous  ; 


108  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

wings  dusky,  especially  on  apical  margins  ;  stigma  and  nervures 
black  ;  basal  nervure  meeting  nervulus ;  first  cubital  cell  nearly 
twice  as  large  as  second ;  second  broad,  receiving  recurrent 
nervures  very  near  base  and  apex  ;  legs  black  ;  tibial  spurs  pale 
red. 

First  four  segments  of  abdomen  entirely  red  ;  fifth  red  with 
large,  round,  black  spot  in  the  middle ;  apical  segments  black  ; 
first  segment  with  two  widely  separated  patches  of  white  hair 
on  basal  portion  and  a  little  on  lateral  margins  ;  segments  2 — 5 
with  basal  and  lateral  patches  of  white  hair;  venter  with  narrow 
white  hair  bands ;  apical  plate  parallel  sided,  broadly  rounded  at 
apex. 

In  Crawford's  key  this  species  runs  nearest  to  H.  illmoiensis 
Robertson,  but  is  larger,  with  the  abdomen  brighter  red  and  the 
apical  plate  black  (red  in  H.  iUinoiensis).  The  position  of  the 
recurrent  nervures  is  quite  different  from  that  of  H.  stei'cnsi 
Crawford. 

Boulder,  Colorado,  June  21,  1925,  at  White  Rocks  (Chas. 
H.  Hicks)  ;'  on  the  Mowers  of  a  boraginaceous  plant.  Type  in 
Cockerell  collection. 

In  1878  Cresson  described  Pliilercinus  fulviventris,  collected 
by  Hy.  Edwards  in  California.  Ashmead  in  1899  made  this  the 
type  of  a  peculiar  American  genus,  Neopasites,  Crawford  in 
1916  added  a  second  species,  N.  cressoni,  also  from  California. 
However  Ashmead  also  separated  a  genus  Holcopasites,  with- 
out including  any  named  species.  The  form  he  had  in  hand,  to 
which  he  had  given  a  manuscript  name,  proved  to  be  the 
Phileremus  illinoicnsis  of  Robertson.  For  a  number  of  years 
it  was  held  that  this  Holcopasites  could  not  be  separated  from 
Neopasites,  so  that  several  species  were  catalogued  under  the 
latter  name.  But  Crawford,  having  access  to  specimens  of  the 
true  Neopasites,  was  able  to  find  good  distinguishing  characters, 
and  accordingly  revived  Holcopasites  for  all  the  species  except 
the  two  cited  above.  The  generic  name  is  really  to  be  credited 
to  Crawford,  who  (  Ins.  Ins.  Mens.  Ill,  1925,  pp.  123-124)  first 
cited  a  species,  and  gave  a  table  for  the  separation  of  the  known 
forms.  Today  w*  know  nine  species  of  Holcopasites.  including 
the  one  described  above.  Neopasites  cainia  Ckll.  becomes 
Holcopasites  cainia.  The  species  occur  from  Washington, 
D.  C.,  to  Texas  and  Colorado,  and  north  to  Alberta. 


XXXVJi,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  109 

Remarks  on  Hesperia  freija  Warren 
(Lepid.  :  Rhopalocera). 

By  E.  L.  BELL,  Flushing,  Xew  York. 

Under  the  title  "A  New  European  Skipper,"  Mr.  1'..  C.  S. 
Warren  described  Hcspcria  freija  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Entomological  Socict\  of  London,  parts  1-2,  pages  Ivi-lvii, 
1924,  and  figured  it  on  Plate  B,  figures  1  to  5  ;  in  his  paper 
Air.  Warren  states  that  the  species  is  found  "in  Colorado  at 
an  altitude  of  13,000  feet;  Labrador  and  other  parts  of  X. 
America;  and  in  the  extreme  north  of  Europe." 

As  the  title  of  this  paper  does  not  indicate  the  occurrence 
of  the  species  in  North  America,  it  might  w.-ll  escape  notice, 
and  it  will  therefore  be  of  interest  to  students  of  North  Amer- 
ican Hesperidse  to  know  of  this  addition  to  the  described 
species  of  our  fauna.  Frclja  is  similar  to  ccntanrcae  Rambur 
and  probably  confused  with  it  in  collections  containing  Cana- 
dian or  western  specimens.  Mr.  Warren,  however,  points  out 
that 

H.  freija  is  readily  distinguished  from  ccntanrcae  by  the 
complete  row  of  white  spots  between  the  median  band  and  the 
white  marginal  band  on  the  underside  of  the  hind-wings,  and 
their  characteristic  arched  shape.  These  spots  are  only  very 
rarely  all  present  in  ccntanrcae  and  always  of  quite  irregular 
formation.  Also  by  the  want  of  the  tooth-like  white  spot, 
projecting  from  the  outer  margin  of  the  hind-wing  in  ccn- 
tuitrcac,  along  both  sides  of  nervure  5.  This  tooth-like  pro- 
jection is  never  present  in  freija.  Further,  freija  is  a  smaller 
insect  than  ccnlanreac,  and  in  shape  its  wings  are  usually  much 
more  elongated  than  the  wings  of  the  latter  insect. 

Mr.  Warren  also  states  that  the  genitalia  of  freija  are  dis- 
tinct from  those  of  cenlanrcae :  and  that  Prof.  Reverdin  fig- 
ured the  genitalia  of  freija  as  those  of  eentanreae  in  his  "Re- 
vision of  the  Genus  I  lesperia,"  plate  402,  figure  5023. 

In  response  to  my  inquiry  in  regard  to  the  type  material  of 
freija,  Mr.  Warren  has  written  me  that  the  type  specimens  of 
freija  are  a  male  from  Labrador  in  the  collection  ot  Prof. 
Reverdin,  and  a  female  from  Lapland  in  his  o\vn  collection; 
his  other  American  records  are  from  specimens  in  the  liritish 


110  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

Museum  from  "Colorado ;  Alberta ;  Labrador ;  Colorado,  Bul- 
lion Mountains,  13,000  feet."  The  European  frcija.  he  states, 
is  confined  to  Lapland. 

In  the  writer's  collection  there  has  been  for  some  time,  a 
female  specimen  collected  on  the  top  of  Pikes  Peak,  Colorado, 
on  June  28th,  1922,  by  Mr.  George  P.  Engelhardt,  of  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  and  during  the  early  part  of  1925,  a  few,  somewhat 
worn,  males  and  females  were  received  from  Mr.  E.  J.  Oslar, 
who  collected  them  on  Ouray  Peak,  Colorado,  in  August ;  all 
of  these  specimens,  it  was  noted,  differed  from  specimens  of 
ccntanrcac  taken  in  New  Jersey ;  shortly  after  the  receipt  of  the 
Ouray  Peak  specimens,  Mr.  Warren's  paper  came  to  the  writer's 
notice  and  a  comparison  of  the  specimens  with  the  figures  of 
frcija  /eft  little  doubt  that  they  were  that  species,  though  some 
of  them  showed  slight  variation  in  maculation  from  the  figures 
and  all  averaged  somewhat  larger  than  the  New  Jersey  speci- 
mens of  ccntanrcac,  not  smaller,  as  stated  in  Mr.  Warren's 
paper.  However,  the  writer  has  no  specimens  of  either  species 
from  Europe  or  Labrador,  and  their  relative  size  may  be  dif- 
ferent when  comparison  is  made  with  specimens  from  other 
localities. 

Specimens  from  Ouray  Peak  were  sent  to  Mr.  Warren,  and 
he  has  very  kindly  made  a  genitalic  examination  of  the  males 
and  pronounces  them  to  he  frcija,  though  he  says  that  they  are 
not  so  distinctly  marked  as  his  type  specimen.  It  would,  of 
course,  be  expected  that,  in  view  of  the  widely  separated  locali- 
ties from  which  they  came,  some  variation  would  be  found. 


Ceratina  dupla   (Hym. :  Ceratinidae). 

Is  the  little  bee,  Ceratina  dnpla,  like  the  poor — and  the  crows? 
Do  we  always  have  it  with  us  ?  It  is  among  the  last  to  fly  in 
the  fall  ;  in  midwinter  I  have  seen  these  small  carpenter  bees, 
head  down,  deep  in  sumac  borings.  I  should  think  it  would  get 
tired,  standing  there,  waiting  for  April  and  the  willow  blossoms. 
No  wonder  they  come  in  crowds  to  the  very  first  spring  flowers, 
they  have  been  ready  for  them  so  long.  Specimens  have  been 
taken  in  April,  May,  July,  August,  September— doubtless  they 
are  present  also  in  June.  N.  McMuRRAY,  Clearfield,  Penna. 


XXXvii,    '2(>]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NK\\S  111 

Key  to  the  Known  Adult  Trombiculas  (Adults  of 
Chiggers)  of  the  New  World  with  Descriptions 
of  Two  New  Species  (Acarina,  Trombidoidea). 

By  H.  E.   EWIXG,   Bureau  of   Entomology,   United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

In  the  past  but  three  adults  of  chiggers  (adult  Trombiculas) 
have  been  known  from  the  New  World.  The  first  to  be  dis- 
covered was  Trombicula  coarctata  HcHcsc.  This  species  was 
described  in  1888  and  is  known  to  occur  in  Paraguay  and 
Argentina.  The  next  adult  described  was  Trombicula  splen- 
clciis  Ewing,  which  was  taken  in  a  tamarack  swamp  near  Por- 
tage, Wisconsin,  on  September  2,  1909,  by  the  writer.  The 
third  adult  was  described  by  the  writer  in  1920  as  Trombicula 
ciiuiabui'is  from  specimens  taken  at  East  Falls  Church,  Vir- 
ginia, ;>nd  Xorth  Beach,  Maryland,  during  the  summer  of  1919. 
The  larva  of  this  third  species  has  since  been  reared.  It  proved 
to  be  the  common  North  American  chigger,  Trombicula  irritans 
Riley. 

In  this  paper  two  more  adult  Trombiculas  are  described, 
one  from  Peru  and  one  from  Panama.  These  new  species  are 
both  very  large,  each  being  fully  twice  as  long  as  our  common 
Xorth  American  chigger. 

Members  of  the  genus  Trombicula  may  be  recognized  from 
all  other  harvest  mites  (Trombidiidae )  in  their  adult  state 
by  having  a  deep  constriction  of  the  body  'slightly  in  front 
of  the  middle.  They  are  found  in  moist  soil  or  in  moist 
organic  accumulations,  especially  in  tropical  or  subtropical 
woods. 

Trombicula  alleei,  new  species. 

Color  of  preserved  alcoholic  specimen,  a  brownish  cinnibar. 
Palpi  slender,  extending  almost  to  the  tips  .if  first  femora: 
thumb  of  palpus  only  very  slightly  swollen  and  scarcely  sur- 
passing the  claw;  distal  segment  with  rather  weak  but  strongly 
curved  palpal  claw  and  on  its  inside  a  comb  of  three,  subequal, 
approximate  spines.  Eyes  large  and  conspicuous  with  strongly 
curved  corneas,  situated  above  first  coxae  and  far  in  front  of 
the  pseudostigmatic  area.  Pseudostigmatic  area  conspicuous, 
posterior  lobes  touching  on  median  line  and  oval;  pseudo- 


112  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

stigmata  small,  situated  almost  on  the  lateral  margins  of 
pseudostigmatic  area ;  pseudostigmatic  organs  very  slender, 
flagelliform.  Setae  of  body  medium,  longer  on  the  shoulders 
and  posterior  margin.  They  are  colored  and  provided  with 
conspicuous  barbs  for  about  four-fifths  of  their  length,  but 
the  barbs  toward  the  tip  are  smaller.  . 

First  pair  of  legs  much  the  longest,  second  and  third  pairs 
subeciual  and  slightly  shorter  than  the  fourth  pair.  Tarsus  I 
slightly  curved,  slightly  swollen,  and  very  slightly  longer  than 
tibia  T  ;  tibia  I  longer  than  patella  T  ;  patella  I  and  femur  I  sub- 
equal  ;  tarsus  II  and  tarsus  III  each  almost  one  and  one-half 
times  as  long  as  tibia  II  and  tibia  III,  respectively;  tarsus  IV 
considerably  longer  than  tibia  IV;  tibia  IV  but  very  slightly 
longer  than  patella  IV. 

Length,  2.5  mm.  ;  width,  1.4  mm. 

Type  locality. — Barro  Colorado  Island,  Panama,  Canal  Zone. 

Type.— Cat.  No.  953,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

Described  from  a  single  specimen  taken  on  Barro  Colorado 
Island,  Panama,  Canal  Zone,  by  Professor  W.  C.  Alice,  of  the 
University  of  Chicago.  This  large  species  is  quite  different 
from  any  adult  Trouibicula  heretofore  known  from  America. 
It  is  similar,  however,  to  the  second  species  to  be  described  as 
new  in  this  paper,  from  which  it  is  differentiated  particularly 
in  the  nature  of  the  body  setae  as  indicated  in  the  appended  key 
to  the  known  Trombiculas  of  the  New  World. 

Trombicula  peruviana,  new  species. 

Color  of  preserved  specimen  a  light  brownish  orange.  Palpi 
slender,  reaching  to  about  the  tips  of  first  femora ;  palpal  thumb 
slender,  not  swollen,  and  slightly  surpassing  the  palpal  claw  ; 
penultimate  segment  very  slender  and  bearing  at  its  free  end  the 
rather  small  palpal  claw  which  is  slightly  over  one-half  as 
long  as  the  segment  bearing  it.  In  addition  to  the  palpal  claw, 
the  penultimate  segment  bears  on  its  inside  a  comb  of  three 
long,  approximate  spines,  the  middle  of  which  is  larger  than 
the  other  two.  Eyes  projecting,  with  strongly  curved  corneas 
and  situated  far  in  front  of  the  pseudostigmatic  area.  Pseu- 
dostigmatic  area  large,  posterior  lobes  oval,  approximate  to 
median  line  ;  pseudostigmata  situated  near  the  lateral  margin  of 
pseudostigmatic  area ;  pseudostigmatic  organs,  very  slender, 
flagelliform  and  with  a  few  pectinations.  Setae  of  body  very 
long,  especially  on  the  shoulders  and  posterior  margin;  barbed 
conspicuously  for  about  two-thirds  their  length,  but  the  tips 
almost  bare. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  113 

First  pair  of  legs  much  longer  than  the  others ;  tarsus  I 
slightly  swollen,  almost  straight  and  about  one-fourth  lor.ger 
than  tibia  I  ;  tibia  I  clearly  longer  than  patella  I  ;  patelbi  1  and 
femur  I  subequal.  Tarsus  II  and  tarsus  Til  about  one  and 
one-fourth  times  longer  than  tibia  II  and  tibia  ITT.  respectively. 
Tarsus  IV  not  swollen,  considerably  longer  than  tibia  IV.  and 
tibia  IV  considerably  longer  than  patella  TV. 

Length.  2.5  mm. :  width.  1.5  mm. 

Type  Locality.— Peru.    Type.— Cat.  Xo.  954.  U.  S.  X.  M. 

Described  from  a  single  adult  collected  in  Peru.  June.  1920, 
("El  Campaniento,  Col.  Perene").  This  specimen  was  sent 
to  the  United  States  Xational  Museum  from  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, by  Professor  Cyrus  R.  Crosby.  T.  peruviana,  new 
species,  differs  from  T.  ailed,  new  species,  particularly  in  the 
nature  of  the  body  setae,  as  has  been  stated. 

Key  to  the  Known  Adult  Trombiculas  of  the  AYsv  ITorhl. 

A.  Eyes  present  and  well  developed:  setae  of  body  but  slightly 
longer  on  the  posterior  margin  than  on  the  shoulders, 
and  colored. 

B.  Eyes  with  strongly  convex  corneas  and  situated  far 
in  front  of  base  of  dorsal  groove;  length  of 
adults  over  2  mm. 

C.    Setae  of  body  shorter  and  distinctly  barbed  to  the 
tips,   those   on    the   shoulders   about   half   as 

long  as  femur  I T.  alleei,  new  species. 

CC.    Setae  of  body  longer  and  indistinct! v  barbed  to- 
ward the  tips,  those  on  the  shoulders  about  as 
long"  as  femur  I..  .  T.  pentt'iana,  new  species. 
BB.    Eyes  with  corneas  less  convex  and  situated  approxi- 
mate,  laterally,   to   the  expanded   base   of   do;>al 
groove;  length  of  adults  about   1   mm. 

T.  irritaus   (  Ri1    ,  ) . 

A.\.  Eyes  vestigial  or  absent;  setae  of  body  usually  c<  Isider- 
ably  longer  on  the  posterior  margin  than  on  the 
shoulders. 

15.  Posterior  lobes  of  pseudostigmatic  area  smaller,  more 
or  less  angulate  and  situated  immediately  behind 
the  pseudostigmata ;  body  setae  not  thinner  at 
their  tips  than  elsewhere. ...  T.  eotire/ata  I'.erlese. 
1511.  Posterior  lobes  of  pseudostigmatic  area  larger, 
rounded,  and  not  situated  behind  the  pseudostig- 
mata; body  setae  thinner  at  their  tips  than  else- 
where  T.  splendt'iis  Ewing. 


114  .        ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

A  New  Acmaeodera  from  Nevada  Infesting 
Purshia  (Col.  :  Buprestidae). 

By  W.  S.  FISHER,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology. 
Acmaeodera  purshiae,  new  species. 

Rather  broadly  elongate,  broadly  rounded .  in  front,  more 
strongly  attenuate  posteriorly,  and  moderately  convex  above 
(nearly  straight  below  and  strongly  arcuate  above  when  viewed 
in  profile),  strongly  aeneous  above  and  beneath,  with  a  feebly 
brownish  tinge,  and  each  elytron  ornated  as  follows :  a  small 
round  yellow  spot  at  humeral  angle,  a  larger  rounded  yellow 
spot  at  base  near  scutellum,  a  broad  irregular  transverse  fascia 
at  basal  fourth,  a  slightly  oblique  fascia  at  middle,  a  similar 
fascia  at  apical  fourth,  and  a  small  oblique  fascia  at  apical  sixth, 
which  extends  narrowly  along  the  lateral  margin  to  apex,  all  the 
fasciae  extending  from  the  lateral  margin  to  the  first  or  second 
stria,  the  anterior  two  yellow  with  the  median  part  red,  while 
the  posterior  two  have  the  external  part  red  and  the  internal 
area  yellow. 

Head  nearly  flat,  with  a  short  longitudinal  carina  on  the 
occiput;  surface  densely  and  coarsely  punctate,  the  punctures' 
round,  rather  deep,  more  closely  placed  on  the  front,  and  from 
the  center  of  each  arises  a  long,  fine,  erect  hair,  the  intervals 
smooth  and  moderately  shining;  epistoma  broadly  and  deeply 
angularly  emarginate  in  front,  forming  a  broadly  rounded  lobe 
on  each  side  of  the  emargination ;  antennae  serrate  from  the 
fifth  joint. 

Pronotum  strongly  transverse,  and  moderately  convex, 
one  and  three-fourths  times  as  wide  as  long,  slightly  narrower 
in  front  than  behind,  widest  just  behind  the  middle,  with  a 
broad  impression  on  each  side  in  front  of  the  posterior  angles, 
and  a  broad,  obsolete  one  in  front  of  the  scutellum ;  sides  feebly 
arcuately  rounded,  not  flattened,  and  the  margins  only  visible 
anteriorly  from  above  ;  anterior  margin  feebly  arcuately  emar- 
ginate, with  a  slightly  angulated  median  lobe ;  base  transversely 
truncate ;  surface  rather  densely  and  coarsely  punctate,  the 
punctures  rather  small  and  widely  separated  on  the  disk,  but 
becoming  much  larger  and  more  or  less  confluent  toward  the 
sides,  and  rather  densely  clothed  with  very  long,  fine,  erect 
hairs,  the  intervals  smooth  and  shining. 

Elytra  moderately  convex  anteriorly,  and  feebly  flattened  on 
disk  toward  apex,  only  slightly  wider  than  pronotum  at  base, 
and  rectangular  at  the  humeral  angles;  sides  nearly  parallel 
to  middle,  where  they  are  slightly  arcuately  expanded,  then 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    .\K\VS  115 

strongly  arcuately  attenuate  to  the  tips,  which  are  conjointly 
arcuately  rounded,  with  the  lateral  margins  coarsely  serrate 
posteriorly;  humeri  strongly  develo])ed  ;  surface  striato-punc- 
tate,  the  striae  not  impressed  on  the  disk,  but  becoming  deeply 
impressed  toward  the  apex  and  sides,  with  the  punctures  coarse 
and  distinctly  separated  in  the  discal  striae,  but  more  or  less 
confluent  at  the  sides,  the  intervals  flat,  and  from  two  to  three 
times  as  wide  as  the  striae  on  disk  (the  sutural  intervals  not 
expanded  anteriorly),  with  a  single  row  of  widely  separated 
punctures  from  each  of  which  arises  a  very  long,  erect,  incon- 
spicuous hair. 

Abdomen  beneath  sparsely  and  not  very  coarsely  punctate 
on  the  basal  segment,  the  punctures  becoming  coarser  and  more 
numerous  on  the  apical  segments,  moderately  clothed  with  long. 
semierect,  cinereous  hairs,  and  the  intervals  smooth  and  shin- 
ing; last  segment  acutely  rounded  at  apex,  with  a  distinct  sub- 
apical  carina.  Prosternum  rather  densely  and  coarsely  punc- 
tate ;  anterior  margin  with  a  distinct  tooth  on  each  side  of  the 
middle;  prosternal  process  convex,  and  the  sides  parallel  to 
behind  the  coxal  cavities,  twice  as  wide  as  the  cavities,  and 
broadly  rounded  at  apex. 

Length,  7-8  mm. ;  width,  2.5-3  mm. 

Type  locahi\f — Reno,  Nevada. 

Type  and  paratype.— Cat.  No.  28323.  United  States  Na- 
tional Museum. 

Described  from  two  specimens.  The  type  was  cut  from  a  cell 
in  a  dead  twig  of  Purshid  tridcntata,  January  4,  1923,  on  the 
slope  of  Mount  Rose,  five  miles  southwest  of  Reno,  Nevada, 
at  an  altitude  of  5,000  to  6,000  feet,  by  II.  S.  I'.arber,  and  the 
paratype  was  reared  June  27,  1923,  from  dead  branches  of  the 
same  plant  collected  at  the  type  locality  by  Mr.  I'.arber.  This 
plant  is  locally  called  "I  tuck  I'rnsh"  and  is  very  abundant  on 
the  hills  around  Reno.  Many  of  the  plants  show  considerable 
work  of  this  beetle,  as  well  as  that  of  various  other  species  of 
borers. 

This  species  belongs  to  the  siniiafuc  group  as  designated 
by  Fall  (Jour.  X.  Y.  Fnt.  Soc.,  Vol.  7.  1S<)9,  p.  5),  and  in  his 
table  of  this  group  runs  to  foiycsi  l;all,  from  which  it  differs 
in  having  the  elytra  ornated  with  distinct  transverse  yellow  and 
red  fasciae. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  APRIL,   1926. 

The  Need  for  Systematic  Entomologists. 

In  the  News  for  March,  page  93,  we  published  some  obser- 
vations and  recommendations  of  the  International  Congress  of 
Entomology  held  at  Zurich  last  July  to  the  effect  that  present 
means  are  inadequate  for  the  exact  determination  of  the 
immense  number  of  insects  of  which  Applied  Entomology  must 
take  cognizance  ;  everywhere  the  systematic  specialist  is  over- 
burdened and  his  load  has  become  intolerable ;  neither  Sys- 
tematic nor  Applied  Entomology  has  yet  received  due  recogni- 
tion in  academic  circles  ;  that  the  teaching  of  Systematic  Ento- 
mology at  Universities  be  adequately  provided  for  by  the  estab- 
lishment of  chairs  especially  devoted  thereto;  that  meritorious 
systematic  work  should  be  regarded  as  qualifying  candidates 
for  ordinary  and  advanced  degrees  at  Universities  ;  that  immedi- 
ate steps  should  be  taken  to  increase  the  number  of  entomologi- 
cal assistants,  both  systematic  and  technical,  in  Museums  and 
that  this  should  be  done  in  a  manner  proportionate  to  the 
amount  of  specific  work  entailed. 

In  his  address  on  "The  Smithsonian  Institution,  its  Func- 
tion and  its  Future"  delivered  before  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement -of  Science,  Jan.  1,  1926,  and  published 
in  Science  for  Feb.  5,  Dr.  Austin  H.  Clark  said  (p.  153)  : 

"It  is  the  duty  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  to  protect  us 
from  the  ravages  of  insect  pests.  But  work  in  economic  ento- 
mology requires  as  a  starting  point  an  accurate  identification  of 
the  insect  to  be  studied.  .  .  .  The  accurate  identification  of 
an  insect  is  by  no  means  a  simple  matter.  In  the  first  place 
there  are  more  than  six  hundred  thousand  different  kinds  of 
insects  known  .  .  .  new  kinds  are  being  described  at  the 
rate  of  about  six  thousand  every  year.  .  .  .  Unless  one 
happens  to  be  an  expert  in  the  particular  group  concerned  it  is 
almost  hopeless  to  attempt  to  trace  out  [a  given  insect]  .  .  . 
Many  insects,  sometimes  of  widely  different  habits,  are  so  very 
similar  that  it  is  practically  impossible  to  distinguish  them  with- 
out an  actual  comparison  by  an  expert  with  specimens  in  a  ref- 
erence collection.  .  .  \Ye  can  see  from  all  this  that  economic 
entomology  must  have  the  services  of  a  staff  of  competent  men 

116 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  117 

trained  to  note  the  differences  between  the  various  kinds  of 
insects.  The  Smithsonian  proposes  to  aid  in  maintaining  such 
a  staff  of  workers  in  pure  research.  As  a  natural  corollary  to 
this  work,  the  Smithsonian  will  publish  monographs  in  wiiich 
the  widely  scattered  information  will  he  presented  as  the  basis 
for  efficient  advance. 

The  entomologists  clearly  recognize  the  existence  of  a  short- 
age of  systematists  and  the  necessity  for  supplying  the  demand. 
Can  those  having"  the  power  to  meet  this  need  be  made  to  see 
the  present  difficulties  of  the  situation  and  provide  a  living 
wage  for  each  of  those  human  beings  who  are  willing  and 
desirous  of  devoting  themselves  to  insect  taxonomy? 


Notes  and   News. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  GLEANINGS  FROM  ALL  QUARTERS  OF  THE  GLOBE 

Personal  Mention. 

Science  for  Feb.  12,  1926,  stated  that  Prof.  G.  F.  Ferris,  of 
the  department  of  entomology  of  Stanford  University,  has 
returned  to  the  University  with  a  collection  of  plants  and  insects 
from  Tres  Marias,  a  group  of  islands  off  the  west  coast  of 
Mexico,  and  that 

Dr.  Raymond  C.  Shannon,  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomol- 
ogy, left  for  Buenos  Aires  on  Jan.  30,  where  he  is  going  to 
study  the  mosquitoes  of  the  region  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Argentine  government. 

Mr.  Chas.  T.  Greene,  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology, 
has  gone  to  Panama  to  make  a  special  study  of  the  fruit  flies 
and  particularly  Anastrcpha.  He  expects  to  be  there  for  about 
three  months. 

"Butterflies  of  California." 

The  work  which  is  in  process  of  publication  under  this  title 
bears  promise  of  issuance  in  about  three  months.  When  com- 
pleted, it  will  contain  over  sixty  full  page  colored  plates  and 
numerous  half  tone  figures.  Fifty-one  of  these  color  plates  are 
now  completed.  Sets  of  these  plates  which  included  Xos.  2 
to  38  were  distributed  to  important  Libraries,  Museums,  and 
specialists  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  the  individual 
plates,  as  far  as  published,  are  on  sale  at  the  Dawson  Hook- 
Shop,  627  So.  Grand  Avenue,  Los  Angeles. 

Dr.  John  Adams  Comstock,  the  author,  who  has  for  six  years 
been  the  Director  of  the  Southwest  Museum  has  resi-iu-d  from 


118  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

that  position  and  reentered  the  practice  of  medicine.  He  will 
retain  the  post  of  Honorary  Curator  of  Entomology,  and  his 
numerous  other  scientific,  connections,  and  thus  have  more  time 
at  his  disposal  to  devote  to  the  study  of  the  lepidoptera.  Mr. 
Charles  L.  Haskell  succeeds  Dr.  Comstock  as  Director  of  the 
Southwest  Museum. 


Cocoon   Spinning    (Hymen.:   Parasitica). 

Last  August  (1924),  a  big  lima  larva  broke  out  in  para- 
sites and  it  was  pleasing  to  watch  the  tiny  things  spin  cocoons. 
The  head  of  the  translucent,  whitish  grub  makes  a  break  in 
the  green  skin  of  its  host,  pushes  through,  and,  moving  from 
side  to  side,  gradually  works  its  way  out. 

The  caudal  end  of  the  little  creature  rests  on  the  big  worm, 
the  body  bends  over  and  the  spinneret  begins  to  work :  the 
cocoon  being  started  at  the  lower  end.  The  head  moves  up  a 
certain  distance  and  a  strand  of  silk  comes  out,  the  head  goes 
down  and  the  loop  is  fastened.  The  process  reminds  one  of 
pulling  taffy.  From  side  to  side  the  weaving  goes  on  until 
it  extends  up  well  above  the  spinner's  head,  like  a  netted  wall 
standing  up  in  front  of  the  worm.  One  larva  seemed  to  make 
six  loops  each  way  and  another  turned  after  every  ninth  loop. 
When  spinning  this  coat  there  is  a  certain  degree  of  regularity: 
each  loop  seems  to  be  of  the  same  length — .but  they  are  not 
joined  to  the  preceding  row  very  exactly  and  it  looks  like 
a  curly  mass  of  white  rather  than  a  network  when  completed. 

At  the  summit  the  insect  makes  a  few  circles,  making  the 
loops  completely  around  one  way,  then  turning  the  head  and 
making  them  completely  around  the  other  way.  It  thrusts 
its  head  through  this  circle,  crawls  in  and  down  until  its  head 
reaches  the  place  where  the  spinning  was  begun.  Its  back  is 
now  covered  with  the  dainty,  fuzzy  tangle  of  threads.  For 
an  instant  the  larva  is  standing  on  its  head,  but  is  apt  to  drop 
over,  so  the  bare  venter  is  next  the  back  of  the  lima.  The  larva 
stoops  over,  resumes  spinning-  and  makes  the  second  side 
of  the  outer  part  of  the  cocoon  in  precisely  the  same  manner 
as  the  first,  only  fastening  the  rows  on  the  sides  to  the  other 
portion  each  time  before  it  turns. 

Next  a  few  little  stitches  are  made  at  the  end  and  a  few 
short  stitches  down  to  or  below  the  center:  a  long  stitch  is 
drawn  up  to  the  top.  Again  little  stitches  go  down  and  one 
long  one  comes  up.  The  one-half  is  gone  over  in  this  fashion, 
then  the  larva  turns  around  and  weaves  at  the  other  end  in 
the  same  way.  15 y  this  time  it  is  getting  pretty  well  tied  up 


xxxvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  \K\VS  119 

in  a  cage  and  it  is  not  easy  for  the  eye  to  follow  its  move- 
ments. But  to  see  how  the  small  ichneumon  wove  the  outer 
coat  crosswise,  joining-  it  lengthwise  and  the  next  coat  it  wove 
lengthwise,  joining  it  across  the  middle,  was  interesting. 

The  old  luna  must  be  a  patient  creature  as  it  hangs  for  days 
while  fifty  or  more  of  these  active  worms  come  through  its 
skin  and  weave  their  nests.  If  the  luna  would  shake  a  bit, 
they  would  all  tumble  off,  for  after  the  spinning  is  started 
they  are  never  closely  attached  to  the  host.  This  big  worm 
is  covered  with  wounds,  some  of  them  soon  get  black,  perhaps 
it  feels  too  sick  to  be  anything  but  quiet. 

N.  McMuRRAY,  Clearfield,  Pennsylvania. 


Occurrence  of  Morellia  podagrica  Lw.  in  North  America. 

(Dip.:    Muscidae). 

On  June  27,  1924.  I  collected  a  male  of  the  above  European 
species  at  Marshfield,  Oregon  :  and  on  July  25  I  collected  a 
male  and  a  female  at  Summit  Station,  Montana,  at  the  south 
edge  of  Glacier  National  Park,  altitude  5200  feet. 

After  identifying  the  species,  being  impressed  by  the  wide 
distance  between  the  two  localities,  it  occurred  to  me  to  examine 
the  western  material  of  the  common  nearctic  Morellia  /ttieans 
Mcq.  in  the  National  Museum  (  now  including  my  own  western 
material),  to  see  if  the  species  had  not  been  previously  collected, 
and  not  noticed.  However,  I  found  no  mixture  of  podagrica 
in  the  collection ;  the  three  specimens  mentioned  are  all  I  know 
from  North  America,  and  it  will  have  to  pass  as  a  coincidence 
that  I  found  it  twice  on  a  single  western  trip  after  collecting 
in  the  West  for  the  greater  part  of  the  last  thirty  years. 

The  genus  Morellia  has  been  discussed  and  tabulated  by  Mai- 
loch  in  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  1923,  520. 
From  Pyrdlia  it  differs  in  having  no  ventral  bristle  on  the  mid- 
dle tibia.  Our  two  nearctic  species  (there  are  several  neo- 
tropical )  differ  in  the  male  by  such  striking  characters  that 
they  are  very  easily  separatee!.  In  micans  the  male  middle 
tibia  is  thickened  apically,  warped  so  as  to  be  concave  length- 
wise behind,  and  has  on  its  outer  edge  a  row  of  delicate  dense 
upright  cilia,  longer  near  the  base ;  the  hind  tarsus  has  on 
the  upper  surface  a  row  of  upright  hairs  about  twice  as  Ion- 
as  the  thickness  of  the  segments.  In  podagrica.  a  noticeably 
larger  species,  the  tip  of  the  middle  femur  has  a  tuft  of  stout 
bristles  situated  on  a  swelling  :  the  middle  tibia  is  slender  at 
the  extreme  base,  then  suddenly  expanded  into  a  hump  on  the 
outer  side  at  one-sixth  its  length,  which  bears  numerous  small 


120  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

spiny  hairs  turned  backward.  The  hump  gradually  diminishes 
toward  the  tip  of  the  tibia,  and  there  are  some  short,  erect, 
spiny  hairs  all  along  the  outer  edge.  The  hind  tarsus  does  not 
have  striking  hairs  above. 

The  females  are  not  easily  separated.  I  identified  my  Mon- 
tana specimen  from  collecting  it  with  the  male  and  not  getting 
males  of  inicans  at  the  same  time.  I  have  seen  but  one  European 
female,  which  is  extremely  like  that  of  our  abundant  mica  us. 
Podagrica  was  described  by  Loew  in  Wiener  Ent.  Monats- 
schrift,  I,  45,  1852,  as  a  Cyrt one nra. 

J.  M.  ALDRICH, 
U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  "Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

4 — Canadian   Entomologist.    6 — Journal,  New  York  Ent. 
Soc.     7 — Annals,  Entomological  Society  of  America.     10— 
Proc.,  Ent.  Soc.  Washington.    19 — Bull.,  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc. 
55 — The  Pan-Pacific  Entomologist.    77 — Comptes  Rendus, 
Soc.  Biologic,  Paris.     78 — Bull.  Biol.  France  et  de  la  Bel- 
gique.      108 — Joifr.    Washington    Acad.    Sci.       Ill — Archiv 
f.   Naturg.,   Berlin.     133 — Jour.   Experimental  Zool.     135— 
Quart.  Jour.  Microscop.  Sci.  154 — Zoolog.  Anzeiger. 

GENERAL.— Baerg,  W.  J.— Effect  of  the  venom  of  some 
supposedly  poisonous  arthropods  of  the  can'al  zone. — 7,  xviii, 
471-8.  Casey,  T.  L.— Obituary  by  F.  E.  Blaisdell.— 55,  ii. 
90-1.  Cushman,  R.  A. — Location  of  individual  hosts  versus 
systematic  relation  of  host  species  as  a  determining  factor  in 
pamsitic  attack. — 10,  xxviii,  5-6.  Herms,  W.  S. — Entomo- 
logical observations  on  Farming's  and  Washington  Islands, 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEW-  121 

together  with  general  biological  notes. — 55,  ii,  49-54.  Roh- 
wer,  Baker  &  Ball. — Entomological  taxonomy:  its  aims  and 
failures. — 108,  xvii,  53-67.  Weiss,  H.  B. — The  insects  of  the 
Panchatanatra. — 6,  xxxiii,  223. 

ANATOMY,     PHYSIOLOGY,      MEDICAL,      ETC.- 

Gatenby,  J.  B. — Spermatogenesis  in  spiders  and  the  chromo- 
some hypothesis  of  heredity. — Nature,  cvii,  233-4.  Hilton, 
W.  A. — Some  remarks  on  the  peripheral  nervous  system  of 
insects. — 7,  xviii,  537-42.  Pagden,  H.  T. — Parthenogenesis 
in  Methoca  ichneumonides. — Nature,  cxvii,  199.  Sokolska, 
J. — Les  heterochromosomes  pendant  la  spermatogenese  de 
araignee  domestique  (Tegenaria  domestica). — Bui.  Intern. 
Acad.  Polon.  Sci.  et  Let.,  1925,  (B),  477-91.  Weber,  H.- 
Das  problem  der  gliederung  des  insektenthorax.— 154,  Ixv, 
233-48. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Barrows,  W.  M. 

-Modification  and  development  of  the  arachnid  palpal  claw, 
with  especial  reference  to  spiders. — 7,  xviii,  483-525.  Larson, 
A.  O. — Further  notes  on  human  sufferings  caused  by  mites, 
Pediculoides  ventricosus. — 55,  ii,  93-5.  Millot,  j. — Con- 
tribution a  histophysiologie  des  araneides. — 78,  Suppl.,  viii. 
238  pp.  Pavlovsky,  E.  N. — Studies  on  the  organization  and 
development  of  scorpions.  V.  The  lungs. — 135,  Ixx,  135-46. 
Turchini  et  Millot. — Sur  la  fluorescence  en  lumiere  ultra- 
paraviolette  filtree  (lumiere  de  Wood)  des  glandes  serici- 
genes  et  de  certains  elements  figures  du  sang  des  araignees. 

-77,  xciv,  171-73. 

(N)  *Chamberlin  R.  V. — Notes  on  some  centipeds  and 
arachnids  from  the  Carlsbad  cave  of  New  Mexico. — 10, 
millipeds  from  Utah. — 55,  ii,  55-63.  *Crosby,  C.  R. — Some 
xxviii,  1-5. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Hand- 
schin,  E. -- Subterrane  colletmbolengesellschaften.  -  -  111, 
1925.  A.  1,  p.  119-38.  Wachter,  S.— Hatching  of  the  eggs  of 
Peripsocus  californicus. — 55,  ii,  87-9. 

(N)  *Ferris,  G.  F. — The  mallophagan  family  Menoponi- 
dae. — Parasitology,  xviii,  1-3. 

(S>  *Snyder,  T.  E. — Five  new  termites  from  Panama  and 
Costa  Rica. — 10,  xxviii,  7-16. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Davis,  W.  T.— Grasshopper   Melano- 

plus  differentialis  on  Staten  Island,  X.  N". — 19,  xx.  199. 
Kloska,  T. — Das  haemolymphysystern  in  kopte  von  I'latta 


122  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

orientalis. — Bui.  Intern.  Acad.  Polon.  Sci.  et  Let.,  1924,  (B), 
461-67.  Kuhl,  W. — Die  variabilitat  der  abdomenalen  koer- 
peranhange  bei  Forficula  aitricularia, — 154,  Suppl.,  1.  p. 
145-52.  Weiss,  H.  B. — Cockroaches  for  tetanus  and  indiges- 
tion.— 6,  xxxiii,  232. 

HEMIPTERA. — Abbott,  C.  E. — Associative  memory  in 
the  larvae  of  Anax  junius. — 7,  xviii,  533-6.  Beamer,  R.  H. 
—Notes  on  the  oyiposition  of  some  Kansas  cicadas. — 7,  xviii, 
479-82.  Morrison,  H.— Scale  insects.— Sci.  Month.,  1926, 
243-46.  Weiss,  H.  B. — Distributional  records  of  Corn- 
stock's  mealy  bug  in  N.  J. — 6,  xxxiii,  237. 

(N)  Ferris,  G.  F. — Observations  on  the  Chermidae. — 4, 
Iviii,  13-20.  *Gillette  &  Palmer. — Two  n.  sps.  of  the  genus 
Lachnus— 7,  xviii.  526-32.  *Knight,  H.  H.— New  Rhina- 
cloa  and  three  new  sps.  of  Lepidopsallus  (Miridae). — 19,  xx, 
225-8.  *Teague.  M.  M. — Review  of  the  genus  Aclerda  (Coc- 
cidoidea). — 7,  xviii.  432-44. 

(S)  *Metcalf  &  Bruner. — Membracidae  of  Cuba. —  19,  xx. 
203-214. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Barber,  G.  W.— Observations  on  the 
response  of  adults  of  the  European  corn  borer  to  light  in 
egg  laying. — 7,  xviii,  419-31.  Bell,  E.  L. — Hylephila  phy- 
laeus. — 19,  xx,  231.  Gerould,  J.  H. — Inheritance  of  olive- 
green  and  blue-green,  variations  appearing  in  the  life-cycle 
of  a  butterfly,  Colias  philodice. — 133,  xliii,  413-28.  Hamlin, 
J.  C. — Note  on  opuntia  insects. — 55,  ii,  54.  Harrison  &  Gar- 
rett. — Induction  of  melanism  in  the  lepidoptera  and  its  sub- 
sequent inheritance. — Proc.  R.  Soc.  London,  (B),  xcix, 
241-63.  Learned,  E.  T. — Notes  on  the  early  stages  of  Estig- 
mene  prima  (Arctiidae). — 4,  Iviii,  1-2.  Rogers,  W.  P.— 
Note  on  Pieris  rapae  and  Brephos  infans. — 19,  xx,  228. 
Wood,  W.  C. — Hints  on  mounting  lepidoptera. — 19,  xx. 
229-31. 

(N)  Barnes  &  Benjamin. — New  U.  S.  lepidoptera  records 
with  notes. — 10,  xxviii,  16-21.  *Barnes  &  Benjamin. — 
Changes  in  the  synonymy  of  L.  arising  from  examination 
of  some  types  in  the  Brooklyn  Museum.  (Phalaenidae  iv 
Pyralidae). — 19,  xx,  189-99.  '*Barnes  &  Benjamin.— Notes 
on  Lophoceramica  artega  (Phalaenidae).  A  new  pyralid 
from  California,  with  notes  on  Decaturia  pectinalis  (Pyra- 
lidae). The  hyperboreus  group  of  Hepialus  (Hepialidae ). 
-55,  ii,  63;  64;  81-4.  Bell,  E.  L.— Remarks  on  Myscelus 
epigona  and  Eudamus  casica  (Hesperiidae). — 6,  xxxiii. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  123 

227-32.    *Engelhardt,  G.  P.— Studies  of  X.  A.  . \eger iidae.- 
19,  xx,  215-17.     Meyrick,    E. — Genera    insectorum.      Fa.-r. 
184,  290  pp.    Heterocera.  Fam.  Gelechiaclae.    *Nakahara,  W. 
—Some  Rhopalocera  of  eastern  U.  S.,  including  three  new 
forms.— 19,  xx,  221-4. 

DIPTERA. — Harnisch,  O. — Vergleichemlc  studien  ueber 
den  eisenstoffwechsel  der  chironomidenlarven. — 154,  Suppl., 
1,  p.  96-104.  Kemper,  H. — Morphogenetische  untersuchung 
des  tracheensystems  von  Psychoda  phalaenoides. —  (Aus 
dem  Zool.  Inst.  der  Westfael.  Wilhelms-Univ.  zu  Muenster 
i.  W.,  Zoologie,  34  pp.  Liang,  S. — Morphologic  des  hypo- 
pygiums,  der  mannlichen  genitaldruesen  und  des  verdau- 
ungs-sy stems  von  Thaumastoptera  calceata  (Tipulidae).— 
Ill,  1925,  A,  1,  p. 1-31.  Simm,  K. — Phytomyza  lateralis.  Ein 
beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  morphologic  und  biologic. — Bui. 
Intern.  Acad.  Polon.  Sci.  et  Let.,  1924,  (B),  735-52.  Sturte- 
vant,  A.  H. — Seminal  receptacles  and  accessory  glands  of 
the  diptera,  with  special  reference  to  the  acalypterae. — 6, 
xxxiii,  195-215.  Zuercher,  L. — Dr.  L.  Zuercher's  dipterrn- 
ausbeute  aus  Paraguay. — 111,  1925,  A,  1,  p.  34-45. 

(N)     Johannsen,     O.     A. — Beris     quadridentata     Walker 
(Stratiomyidae). — 19,  xx,  214. 

COLEOPTERA.— Hatch,  M.  H.— Habitats  of  coleop- 
tera. — 6,  xxxiii,  217-23.  Kirk  &  Knull. — Annotated  list  of 
the  coleoptera  of  Pennsylvania. — 4,  Iviii,  21-26.  von  Lenger- 
ken,  H. — Beeinflussung  des  lebenszyklus  von  Tenebrio 
molitor  durch  aeussere  faktoren. — 154,  Suppl.,  1,  p.  132-5. 
Pieron,  H. — La  persistance  a  obscurite  clu  rythine  lumineux 
du  lampyre. — La  Feuil.  des  Natural..  Paris,  xlvi.  186-88. 
Strouhal,  H. — Missbildungen  bei  einer  coccinellidenlarve.— 
154,  Ixv,  113-16.  Van  Dyke,  E.  C.— Where  to  find  Zacotus 
matthewsi. — 55,  ii,  95. 

(N)  *Blaisdell,  F.  E.— Studies  in  the  Alelvridac.  V.— 4, 
Iviii,  8-13.  *Blaisdell,  F.  E.— A  Xew  Melanastus  from 
Texas.  (Elateridac).— 10,  xxviii,  22-23.  *Blaisdell,  F.  E.— 
Revised  check-list  of  the  sps.  of  Eleodes  inhabiting  America, 
north  of  Mexico,  including  Lower  California  and  adjacrm 
islands. — 55,  ii,  77-80.  *Brown,  W.  J. — New  sp.  of  Syrigo- 
(U-rmella  (Scarabaeidae).— 19,  xx,  200-2.  *Champlain'  & 
Knull. — Two  new  X.  A.  coleoptera.  (  Buprestidae  and 
Cerambycidae). — 7,  xviii,  469-70.  *Hatch  &  Angel— A  ne\\ 
N.  A.  Necrophorus.— 6,  xxxiii,  216.  *Schaeffer,  C.—  XYw 
sps.  and  var.  of  N.  A.  Cassidini  (Chrysomelidae  I. — 6,  xxxiii, 


124  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

233-7.  *Schott,  F.  M. — On  some  C.  in  New  Jersey. — 6, 
xxxiii,  224-5.  '*Van  Dyke,  E.  C. — New  sps.  of  Carabidae  in 
the  subfamily  Harpalinae,  chiefly  from  western  N.  A. — 55, 
ii,  65-76. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Lo  Liu,  C.— Observations  on  the 
acroglossal  buttons  and  on  the  submentum  of  hymenoptera. 
—7,  xviii,  445-55.  Lczinski,  P. — Ueber  die  spinndruesen  der 
wespenlarven.  I.  Entwickelung  und  anatomic. — Bui.  Intern. 
Acacl.  Polon.  Sci.  et  Let.,  1924  (B).  715-34.  Weiss,  H.  B.- 
The  bee,  the  wasp,  the  ant,  insects  of  the  physiologus. — 6, 
xxxiii,  238-42. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES. 

Report  of  the  international  conference  of  phytopathology 
and  economic  entomology.  Holland,  1923.  This  report  of 
290  pp.  is  of  special  interest  to  economic  entomologists,  but 
the  following  papers  therein  are  among  those  which  may  be 
of  interest  to  others:  Contribution  a  1'etude  cle  la  famille 
"Aphididae  Pass."  Par  L.  Gaumont ;  Die  anatomischen  und 
mikrochemischen  veraenderungen  des  kartoffelleptoms. 
Von  Dr.  von  Brehmer.  (The  report  contains  for  the  most 
part  papers  on  potato  pests.) 


CONCERNING  THE  HABITS  OF  INSECTS.  By  F.  BALFOUR- 
BROWNE,  M.  A.,  etc.,  Lecturer  in  Zoology  (Entomology)  in 
the  University  of  Cambridge.  Cambridge  at  the  University 
Press  1925.  7>4  x  5  inches,  pp.  x,  169,  9  pis.,  2  maps,  4  text 
figs..  6s.  net. 

"This  book  is  the  outcome  of  a  course  of  lectures  'adapted  to 
a  juvenile  auditory'  delivered  at  the  Royal  Institution  during 
the  Christmas  holidays  1924.  Its  object  is  not  so  much  to 
describe  the  life  histories  of  various  insects  as  to  explain  how 
these  life  histories  were  worked  out,  in  the  hope  that  others 
may  be  encouraged  to  do  similar  work."  The  methods  employed 
and  the  histories  studied  are  based  very  largely  on  the  author's 
own  researches,  which  have  been  published  in  various  scientific 
journals.  It  would  have  added  much  to  the  usefulness  of  the 
present  well-written  and  entertaining-  volume  if  references  to 
the  places  of  publication  of  these  researches  had  been  given. 
In  Lecture  I,  Insect  Collecting  and  What  it  may  lead  to,  dealing 
with  the  general  and  local  distribution  of  aquatic  beetles  in  tin1 
British  Isles,  the  author  has  sketched  his  own  entomological 
biography  and  how  he  was  led  to  study  problems  of  insect  com- 
munities and  of  geographical  distribution.  Lecture  IT,  The 


XXXVJi,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    .MOWS  125 

Habits  of  Bees  and  Wasps,  is  suggestive  of  methods  for  rear- 
ing, observing  and  experimenting"  with  a  few  of  the  attract  ur 
solitary  species.  Lecture  III,  The  Habits  of  Caterpillars,  is 
literally  strung  upon  threads  of  their  silk,  tracing  the  develop- 
ment of  shelters  made  by  caterpillars  which  herd  together  from 
a  mere  carpet,  then  as  a  general  web  spread  indefinitely  over 
the  food  material  and  then  as  a  definite  fixed  home.  The  author 
was,  we  believe,  the  first  to  publish  the  complete  life-history  of 
any  dragonfly  from  egg  to  imago  (I 'roc.  Zool.  Soc.  London, 
1909,  pp.  253-285).  It  is  very  appropriate,  therefore,  that 
Lecture  IV  is  on  The  Habits  of  the  Dragonfly,  wherein  the 
main  outlines  of  his  findings  are  retold,  with  additions  and 
comparisons  from  other  sources,  and  with,  as  in  the  other 
lectures,  suggestions  as  to  problems  still  to  be  elucidated. 

Mr.  Balfour-Browne  also  first  worked  out  the  complete  life 
history  of  Dytiscits  lapponicus  and  so  The  Habits  of  the  Water 
Beetle  forms  the  subject  matter  of  Lecture  V,  including  also 
Hydrophilus  piccns,  Hydrous  caraboidcs  and  Donacia.  Empha- 
sis is  laid  on  the  fact  that  "as  in  the  case  of  the  dragonflies,  dif- 
ferences in  structure  and  habit  may  occur  in  closely  related 
forms,  differences  which  frequently  appear  to  be  so  trivial  and 
yet  which  mean  a  great  deal  to  the  insects  themselves  in  the 
way  that  they  fit  into  the  communities  to  which  they  belong." 

"It  may  well  be  asked  by  some  of  those  who  have  listened  to 
the  earlier  lectures  of  this  course,  What  is  the  use  of  all  the 
work  which  has  been  described?  And  I  can  answer  without 
any  feeling  of  shame  that,  so  far  as  I  know,  the  work  is  of  no 
use  whatever  and  that  my  only  object  in  undertaking  it  was 
that  I  was  curious  and  wanted  to  know  how  the  insects  lived. 

"I  believe  that  there  is  still  an  ancient  Physical  or  Mathe- 
matical Society  which,  at  its  annual  banquet,  drinks  the  follow- 
ing toast :  'Here's  to  the  Society  ;  let  no  one  ever  do  anything 
that  is  of  any  use  to  anybodv.'  This  sounds  a  very  selfish, 
unchristian  wish  but  it(is  the  true  scientific  attitude — to  do  the 
work  for  the  work's  sake  and  never  mind  whether  or  not  it  is 
going  to  be  useful. 

"But  a  large  amount  of  work  done  for  its  own  sake  turns 
out  to  be  of  use  and,  although  we  seldom  recognise  what  we 
owe  to  the  humble  naturalist,  he  has  contributed  largely  to  our 
herdth  and  comfort." 

In  these  paragraphs  Lecture  VI,  The  Habits  of  Insects  and 
the  Work  of  Man.  opens  and  it  continues  with  illustrations  of 
the  last  sentence  quoted  which  are  much  more  familiar  to  u- 
in  America  than  many  of  the  relations  described  in  the  preced- 
ing lectures — insects  of  importance  in  agriculture,  the  mosquito 


126  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

and  malaria  and  yellow  fever,  Havana  and  Panama,  parasitic 
insects  and  the  balance  of  nature. 

Although  originated  for  a  "juvenile  auditory",  the  book  has 
not  been  "written  down"  and  no  adult 'need  scorn  its  style  or  its 
contents.  '  The  insects  described,  although  British,  are  not 
viewed  from  any  local  standpoint  but  interpreted  in  a  broad, 
biological  way.  The  summary  and  the  quotations  given  above 
justify  the  belief,  we  hope,  that  this  is  "a  different  kind  of 
book"  and  one  which  is  well  worth  reading. 

P.  P.  CALVERT. 


OBITUARY. 

EDWARD  ALBERT  BUTLER,  author  of  A  Biology  of  the  British 
Hcmiptera-Hct  croft  era,  "a  landmark  in  the  progress  of  the 
ecological  study  of  the  Hemiptera  and  destined  to  become  a 
classic  of  the  subject,"  died  at  Clapham,  England,  November 
20,  1925.  He  was  bom  at  Alton,  Hants,  March  17,  1845.  From 
1865  to  1919  he  taught,  or  was  vice-principal,  in  schools  in 
Hastings  and  Tollington,  London.  His  interest  in  the  Ilemip- 
tera  was  due  to  the  suggestion  of  Edward  Saunders,  after 
whose  death  in  1910  he  became  the  foremost  authority  on  Brit- 
ish Heteroptera.  His  interest  lay  entirely  in  biology  and  life 
histories,  not  at  all  on  the  systematic  side.  His  collections  have 
been  acquired  by  the  British  Museum  of  Natural  History.  A 
portrait  accompanies  an  obituary  notice  in  the  Entomologists' 
Monthly  Magazine  for  Jan.,  1926,  and  another  notice  is  in  the 
same  month's  Entomologist. 


The  death  of  DR.  SIGMUND  EXNER  in  Vienna,  on  February 
6,  was  announced  in  Science  for  February  26.  According  to 
Who's  Who  in  Science  International  1913,  he  was  born  in  1846, 
educated  at  Vienna  and  Heidelberg,  professor  of  physiology 
in  the  University  of  Vienna  and  was  a  Hofrath  and  an  Ober- 
sanitatsrath.  To  entomologists  he  was  well  known  for  his  work 
Die  Physiologic  dcr  facet  tirteu  Augcn  i'on  Krcbscn  und  I»- 
scktcn,  Wien,  F.  Deuticke,  1891.  Some  of  his  earlier  papers  on 
vision  by  compound  eyes  are  listed  in  Packard's  Tc.vtbook  of 
Entomology  \>.  263.  The  frontispiece  of  his  book  of  1891  is  an 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  127 

actual  photographic  print  of  the  imago  of  a  window  and  a 
church  steeple  seen  through  it,  as  obtained  by  a  camera  and  a 
microscope  attached  to  the  lenses  and  crystalline  cones  of  an 
eye  of  Hydrofkilus.  He  distinguished  between  appositional 
and  superpositional  images  formed  by  compound  eyes  of  insects 
in  day  and  at  night  respectively,  and  gave  figures  showing  the 
different  positions  occupied  by  the  pigment  in  these  two  kinds 
of  eyes. 

In  the  NEWS  for  July,  1925,  p.  224,  the  death  of  Prof. 
G.  M.  GKASSI  was  recorded.  From  an  address  delivered  in  his 
honor  by  Prof.  F.  Silvestri*  we  summarize  his  career  as  fol- 
lows. Grassi  was  born  in  Rovellasca,  Province  of  Como, 
March  27,  1854,  was  educated  in  schools  at  Saronno  and  Como. 
at  the  Universities  of  Pavia  under  Golgi,  Messina  under 
Kleinenberg,  Heidelberg  under  Gegenbaur  and  Biitschli  and 
\\urzburg  under  Semper.  In  the  autumn  of  1883  he  was  made 
professor  of  zoology,  anatomy  and  comparative  physiology  in 
the  I'niversity  of  Catania  and  in  1895  he  was  called  to  that 
of  Rome.  From  his  earliest  studies  on  intestinal  worms  he 
proceeded  to  those  on  protozoa  (especially  of  termites),  on 
the  misdeeds  of  the  flies  (Malefizi  delle  Mosche  1883)  as 
carriers  of  eggs  of  worms  and  of  spores  of  fungi,  on  the  embry- 
ology of  the  bee,  the  morphology  and  phylogeny  of  the  Arthro- 
pods, the  biology  of  Termites,  on  the  connection  of  malaria  with 
AnopJiclcs,  the  life  history  of  Phlebotomns,  on  Phylloxera  in 
Italy,  as  well  as  important  researches  on  Chaetognaths,  the 
development  of  the  vertebral  column  and  of  marine  eels.  From 
1908  on  he  was  a  member  of  the  Italian  Senate. 

In  his  study  of  the  embryology  of  the  bee  he  made  use  of  the 
method  of  sections,  then  relatively  new.  and  asserted  the 
bipolar  origin  of  the  encloderm,  from  an  anterior  and  a  pos- 
terior plate  in  opposition  to  the  views  then  held  of  its  origin 
from  yolk  cells,  lietween  1884  and  1880  he  made  a  complete 
study  of  the  Thysanura,  leading  to  the  conclusion  that  they 
are  the  most  primitive  insects,  of  Scolopendrella  and  of  the 
arachnid  which  he  discovered  and  described  as  Kocncnia 

*  Onoranze  a  Battista  Grassi  Discorso  dd  I'mt".  Filippn  Silvoiri. 
Roma  Tipografia  del  Scnato  1925.  47]  >p. 


128  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,    '26 

mirabilis.  For  his  work  with  the  aid  of  Sandias,  on  the  con- 
stitution and  development  of  the  society  of  termites,  together 
with  his  studies  on  the  Muraenoid  eels,  he  was  awarded  the 
Darwin  gold  medal  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London.  He  be- 
lieved himself  to  have  shown  that  the  neoteinic  or  complemental 
royalties  of  Termites  become  such  in  consequence  of  a  special 
diet  to  which  they  are  subjected  by  the  workers.  In  1898- 
1900,  he  gave  especial  attention  to  the  malarial  problem,  show- 
ing that  all  the  Italian  species  of  Anopheles  (but  not  of  Citlc.r, 
Plilebotoinns  or  Mycterotypns)  propagate  malaria  and  fol- 
lowed the  entire  cycle  of  development  of  Plasmodium  in 
Anopheles  clavigcr,  rinding  it  to  be  identical  with  that  described 
by  Ross  for  Proteosoina.  His  results  of  this  period  are  summed 
up  in  his  Studi  di  uno  zoologo  sidla  malaria  (1900),  followed 
by  a  second,  enlarged  edition  in  1901,  which  appeared  also  in 
German.  In  1917  he  returned  to  the  malaria  problem  on  which 
he  continued  to  publish  to  the  time  of  his  death,  on  May  5,  1925. 


JOHN  L.  HEALV  of  Chicago,  Illinois,  passed  away  very  sud- 
denly on  January  22,  1926.  He  was  born  at  Bolton,  Vermont, 
May  12,  1864,  but  spent  his  youth  at  Belleville,  Illinois,  remov- 
ing to  Chicago  in  1882. 

He  was  an  enthusiastic  collector  of  Lepidoptera  from  boy- 
hood and  often  recounted  his  experiences  in   Belleville.      His 
present  collection  was  started  about  1891.     Mr.  Healy  formerly 
had  many  correspondents  but,  owing  to  ill  health,  his  activities 
lapsed  for  a  time,  although  he  always  kept  in  touch  with  local 
collectors.    During  the  last  three  or  four  years,  when  his  health 
improved  somewhat,  he  devoted  considerable  time  to  his  own 
collection.     A  year  or  two  ago  he  transferred  it  to  the  Chicago 
Academy  of   Sciences  reserving  the  right  to  work  with  it  at 
will  and  it  now  passes  into  the  hands  of  the  Academy  without 
qualification.     He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the   Chicago 
Entomological   Society  in   1899,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
was    its    presiding   officer.      He    will    be    missed    by    the    local 
Entomologists  for  a  long  time  to  come. 

He    left    surviving    him    his    wife    and    two    children,    both 
married.  ALEX.  K.  WVATT. 


MA.Y,   1926 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVII  No.  5 


-£ 


MAY     3  1926 


CONTENTS 

Maxson  and  Hottes — A  New  Tribe  and  a  New  Species  in  the  Subfamily 

Pemphiginae  (Homop.  :  Aphididae) .  129 

Cockerell— Entomological  Experiences  in  South  America 133 

Barnes  and  Benjamin — Types  of  North  American  Lepidoptera  in  the. 

Natural  History  Museum, -Vienna 13U 

Thysanoptera  Collecting  Kit 140 

Felt — A  New  Predaceous  Midge  on  Roses  (Dipt.:   Cecidomyiidae)       .  141 
Ewing— Two  New  Spider  Mites  (Tetranychidae)  from  Death  Valley, 

California  (Acarina) 142 

Knight — Teaching  Elementary  Entomology  in  the  United  States  and 

Canada .        . •  .    .  144 

Raymond  and  Elnora  Shannon— A  Dipterological  Tour  in  Europe  .    .  149 

Gunder— A  New  and  Inexpensive  Lining  for  Insect  Boxes 152 

Editorial — Anniversary  Congratulations  to  Vienna 153 

75th  Anniversary,  Zoological-Botanical  Society 153 

Personal  Mention 154 

Bates— A  Generic  Correction  ('Lepidoptera) 154 

Painter — Notes  on  the  Prey  of  Asilidae  (Dipt.) 154 

Entomological  Literature 155 

Review  of  R.  Torres  Rojas'  Estudios  Entomologicos  Lepidopteros.  .    .  160 

Obituary — Louis  Bartholomew  Woodruff 160 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  V. 


GEORGIA    GILLETTE!  N.  SP.-MAXSON  AND  HOTTES. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XXXVII  MAY,   1926  No.  5 

A  New  Tribe  and  a  New  Species  in  the  Subfamily 
Pemphiginae  (Homop. :  Aphididaej. 

A.  C.  MAXSON  &  F.  C.  HOTTES,  University  of  Minnesota. 

(Plate  V.) 

In  1911,  Wilson  (1)  erected  the  genus  Georgia  for  itlini  a 
new  species  of  aphid  from  the  elm.  Raker  (2)  placed  Georgia 
in  the  tribe  Eriosomatini.  The  senior  author  (3)  following 
Baker  also  placed  this  genus  in  the  tribe  Eriosomatini.  Later, 
after  having  examined  Wilson's  type  and  material  from  Iowa, 
representing  an  undescribed  species  of  Georgia,  it  became 
apparent  that  this  genus  did  not  belong  in  the  tribe  Eriosomatini. 
Neither  did  it  fit  in  any  other  tribe  of  the  subfamily  Pemphi- 
ginae. Therefore,  a  new  tribe  has  been  erected  for  the  accom- 
modation of  Georgia  including  Wilson's  ulini  and  the  species 
described  as  new  in  this  paper. 

GEORGIINI  nei\.'  tribe. 

This  tribe  differs  from  Eriosomatini,  to  which  it  is  ciosely 
related,  in  having  all  generations  produced  on  one  host ;  in 
having  the  sexuals  produced  by  the  3rd  generation  which  has 
been  produced  in  the  pseudo-gall  formed  by  the  stem  mother; 
in  the  venation  of  the  hind  wing;  and  in  the  structure  of  the 
antennae  and  wax  pores. 

Characters:  Antennae  of  fundatrix  five-segmented.  Cornicles 
slightly  raised  rings.  Wax  pores  composed  of  irregularly 
shaped  areas  and  bands;  made  up  of  many  small  several-sided 
facets.  Rudimentary  gonapophyses  wanting.  Fundatrigenia 
apterous.  Antennae  six-segmented.  \Ya.\  pores  similar  in 
structure  to  those  of  the  fundatrix.  Cornicles  as  in  fundatrix. 
Rudimentary  gonapophyses  wanting.  Sexuparae  alate  ;  Anten- 
nae six-segmented;  secondary  sensoria  weakly  developed,  nol 
encircling  the  segments.  Fore  wing  with  M  usually  once  forked, 
sometimes  simple.  Hind  wing  with  M  well  developed ;  Cn 
absent  or  obsolete  over  part  of  its  length.  Cornicles  as  in  the 
fundatrigenia.  Rudimentary  gonapophyses  absent. 

129 


130  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  (May,  '26 

Georgia  gillettei  n.  sp. 

The  type  material  was  collected  by  Prof.  J.  E.  Guthrie,  June 
18,  1924  on  Ulnnis  aiiicricana,  at  Ames,  Iowa.  It  was  also  col- 
lected by  the  junior  author  on  the  same  host  on  May  24,  1924, 
May  30,  1924,  and  June  6,  1924.  At  these  times  it  was  quite 
common  in  the  vicinity  of  Ames.  Numerous  attempts  were 
made  during  the  spring'  and  summer  of  1925  to  collect  more 
material  but  without  success. 

This  species  works  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaves  causing 
them  to  curl,  thus  forming  a  pseudo-gall  within  which  the 
aphids  may  he  found  in  large  numbers.  The  leaves  at  the 
terminal  ends  of  the  branches  seem  to  be  preferred. 

Description.  Fundatri.r:  General  color  greenish-blue  which 
is  somewhat  softened  by  the  presence  of  a  down-like  pulveru- 
lence  which  covers  the  head,  thorax  and  abdomen.  Antennae 
yellowish-brown.  Legs  yellowish-brown.  Antennae  five-seg- 
mented. ( Fig.  A )  Segments  IV  and  V  bear  transverse  rows 
of  small,  dark  tubercles  each  terminating  in  a  short  spine. 
Permanent  sensoria  at  the  distal  end  of  IV  and  at  base  of  spur 
without  fringe  of  cilia.  Wax  pores  on  base  of  head,  seg- 
ments of  the  thorax  and  segments  I  to  VIII  of  the  abdomen, 
composed  of  many  small,  several-sided  facets ;  not  bordered  by 
chitinous  ring.  Those  on  segments  VII  and  \  III  of  the  ab- 
domen form  an  unbroken  band  reaching  the  lateral  margins 
of  the  abdomen.  On  the  remaining  segments  of  the  abdomen 
and  the  thorax,  these  bands  are  broken  into  more  or  less  irreg- 
ularly formed  areas,  four  to  a  segment.  The  wax  pores  on 
the  lateral  margins  of  the  prothorax  are  much  larger  than 
the  two  dorsal  ones.  The  latter  are  usually  bordered  in  front 
by  dark,  more  or  less  crescent-shaped  spots.  Two  large  wax 
pores  are  present  on  the  base  of  head  (Fig.  G)  nearly  meeting 
at  center  line.  Cornicles  slightly  raised  rings,  weakly  devel- 
oped, indistinct. 

Beginning  a  short  distance  above  the  buccal  lobe  and  extend- 
ing over  the  front  there  is  a  dark,  olive-brown  area.  This  area 
begins  narrowing  a  short  distance  back  of  the  base  of  the  head. 
Frequently  this  narrow  portion  is  forked.  In  either  case  it 
separates  the  two  wax  pores  on  the  base  of  the  head.  Eye 
tubercles  dark  brown.  Beak,  subgenital  plate,  anal  plate  and 
cauda,  brown. 

Measurements:  Body  2.6mm  long,  1.7mm  wide.  Relative 
lengths:  Antennal  segments;  1,  4.5;  II,  4.0;  III,  12.0;  IV,  4.5; 


XXXvii/'26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  131 

V,  3.5.    Beak  reaching  2nd  coxae  ;  terminal  segment  equal  to  or 
longer  than  hind  tarsi.     Front  femur,  14;  tibia,  18;  tarsus,  5: 
Center  femur,  15;  tibia,  22;  tarsus,  6:  Hind  femur,  19;  tibia, 
26.5 ;  tarsus,  6.5. 

Fundatrigcnia:  Apparently  the  young  of  the  stem  mother 
are  all  apterous.  These  apterous,  viviparous  females  (  funda- 
trigenia)  give  birth  to  the  sexuparae. 

General  color  greenish-blue.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen 
clothed  with  down-like  pulverulence.  Antennae  (Fig.  Ci  six- 
segmented  ;  no  secondary  sensoria,  segments  bearing  several 
bristle  like  hairs.  Permanent  sensoria  on  Y  and  VI  without 
fringe  of  cilia.  Cornicles  (Fig.  E)  raised  rings;  distinct;  on 
slightly  raised  cones  surrounded  by  a  circle  of  bristles  on  small 
tubercles.  Beak  reaching  to  the  third  coxae.  Cauda  broadly 
rounded.  (Fig.  F)  Wax  pores  on  thoracic  segments  and  seg- 
ments I  to  VII  of  the  abdomen.  Those  on  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments VII  and  VIII  form  a  continuous  band  reaching  lateral 
margins.  On  other  segments  of  the  abdomen  and  the  thorax 
the  wax  pores  are  more  or  less  irregular  in  form.  Four  to  a 
segment.  Eyes  three- faceted. 

Measurements:  Length  of  body,  1.2mm;  width,  ./mm.  Rela- 
tive lengths:  Antennal  segments,  I,  3.0;  II,  3.25;  III,  10.5; 
IV,  4.5  ;  V,  6.5  ;  VI,  5.5.  Front  femur,  15.5  ;  tibia,  1S.O ;  tarsus, 
6.0;  Middle  femur,  17.5;  tibia,  24.5;  tarsus,  6.75:  Hind  femur, 
20;  tibia,  24.5;  tarsus,  7.5. 

Sexupara:  General  color:  head  greenish-brown,  lightly  pul- 
verulent; eyes  brownish-black;  antennae  yellowish-brown. 
Thorax  greenish-brown,  lightly  pulverulent.  Legs  yellowish- 
brown,  tarsi  slightly  dusky.  Abdomen  greenish-blue,  rathei 
pulverulent.  Antennae  ( Fig.  H )  six-segmented.  Segments 
III,  IV,  Y,  and  VI  with  slightly  raised  secondary  sensoria;  not 
distinctly  annular.  Sensoria  not  encircling  the  segments,  some 
not  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  joint ;  frequently  short  oval. 
Number  of  secondary  sensoria;  III,  9-16;  IV,  3-5;  V,  0-4; 

VI,  0-1.     Segments  V  and  VI  with  well  developed,  permanent 
sensoria,  membrane  raised,   constricted   at  the   base.     Two   or 
three  small  sensoria  (Fig.  L)  near  large  permanent  one  on  VI  : 
membrane   raised   at   center   forming  a   small    cone.      YT    with 
transverse  rows  of  very  short  bristles.      Y   indistinctly   imbri- 
cate.    Beak   (Fig.   1!)    reaching  3rd  coxae;  apical  joint  lon-i-r 
than  the  hind  tarsus  (Fig.  D)  exclusive  of  claws.     \Ying  vena- 
tion variable.     M  of  fore  wing  normally  once  forked;  occasion- 
ally M  of  one  or  both  wings  simple.     Fork  of  M  usually  short. 
Distance   from  tip  of   wing  to   fork   rarely  over  two-thirds  of 
that  to  base  of  stigmal  vein.     Hind  wing  with  M  present  ;  Cn 


132  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May.    '26 

wanting  or  obsolete  through  a  portion  of  its  length.  Cornicles, 
raised  rings  on  slightly  raised  cones  surrounded  by  a  circje  of 
bristles  on  small  tubercles.  Caucla  broadly  rounded.  Wax 
pores  on  abdomen  (Fig.  I)  composed  of  many  several-sided 
facets  not  surrounded  by  chitinous  ring ;  on  the  seventh  and 
eighth  segments  consisting  of  a  continuous  band  reaching  the 
lateral  margins  of  the  segments  and  covering  nearly  their  whole 
length.  Other  segments  with  bands  broken  into  four  or  more 
areas  of  irregular  shape.  There  is  a  small  wax  pore  on  the 
inner  posterior  margin  of  the  lateral  lobes  of  the  mesothorax. 
not  visible  in  many  specimens.  Prothorax  with  two  large  dorsal 
pores  nearly  meeting  at  the  middle  of  the  segment.  Lateral 
pores,  if  present,  indistinct.  There  is  a  small  oval  wax  pore 
on  either  side  of  the  median  line  at  the  base  of  the  head  (Fig. 
M).  In  many  specimens  these  are  very  indistinct,  possibly 
wanting  in  some. 

Measurements:  Body  1.56mm  long;  .69mm  wide.  Relative 
lengths:  Antennal  segments;  I,  3.0;  II,  3.5;  III.  18.0;  IV,  6.0; 
V,  6.5;  VI,  5.0.  Front  femur,  22;  tibia,  27:  tarsus,  7:  Middle 
femur,  19;  tibia,  30;  tarsus,  8:  Hind  femur,  24;  tibia,  37; 
tarsus,  9.  Apical  joint  of  beak,  9.25.  Fore  wing,  100  long; 
36  wide:  Hind  wing,  60  long,  16  wide. 

Holotype  Sexupara,  collected  June  18,  1924,  at  Ames,  Iowa, 
by  J.  E.  Guthrie ;  in  the  collection  of  the  junior  author. 

Comparison  of  Georgia  itlnii  and  G.  gillettei: 

ulnii  gillcttci 

IV  of  antennae  longer  than  IV  of  antennae  equal  to  or 
V.  shorter  than  V. 

Secondary  sensoria  on  V,  3  Secondary  sensoria  on  V,  0 
to  5,  most  common  number,  3  to  4,  most  common  number  1 
to  4.  to  2. 

Terminal  joint  of  beak  dis-         Terminal  joint  of  beak  equal 
tinctly  shorter  than  hind  tarsi,     to  or  longer  than  hind  tarsi. 
Hind  wind  with  Cu  wanting.          Hind  wing  with  Cu  wanting 

or  obsolete  through  a  portion 
of  its  length. 

LITERATURE  QUOTED. 

1.  1911.     WILSON,  H.  F.     Two  New  Genera  And  Seven 

New  Species  of  the  Family  Aphididae.    Canadian 
Entomologist,  Vol.  43,  p.  64. 

2.  1920.     BAKER,    A.    C.      Generic    Classification    of    the 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  133 

Hemipterous  Family  Aphididae.  United  Stairs 
Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletin  Xo.  826, 
p.  67. 

3.  1923.  MAXSON,  ASA  CHANDLER.  Guide  to  the  Insects 
of  Connecticut,  Part  IV.  The  I  k-miptera  or 
Sucking  Insects  of  Connecticut,  Family  Aphidi- 
dae, Subfamily  Pemphiginae,  p.  314. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  Y. 

Fig.  A.  Antenna  of  Fundatrix 

B.  Beak  of  Sexupara 

"      C.  Antenna  of  Fundatrigenia 

D.  Hind  tarsus  of  Sexupara 

E.  Cornicle  of  Fundatrigenia 

F.  Cauda  of  Fundatrigenia 
"      G.  Head  of  Fundatrix 

H.  Antenna  of  Sexupara 

I.  Portion  of  wax  pore  plate  of  Sexupara 

J.  Hind  wing  of  Sexupara 

K.  Fore  wing  of  Sexupara 

L.  Tip  of  antennal  joint  IV  Sexupara 

M.     Head  of  Sexupara 


Entomological  Experiences  in  South  America. 

(The  following  are  extracts  from  a  letter  to  the  Editor 
with  footnotes  added  on  correcting  proof.) 

You  may  be  interested  to  hear  about  our  travels,  and  like  to 
extract  a  news  item  for  the  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  We  had  a 
day  and  a  half  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  on  the  way  down,  and  visited 
the  Institute  Oswaldo  Cruz  where  Dr.  C.  Chagas  showed  us 
all  over  the  place,  and  explained  the  truly  wonderful  work  they 
are  doing.  I  made  notes,  and  hope  to  write  an  account  of  the 
visit  at  some  later  date.1 

When  we  got  to  Buenos  Aires,  July  4,  1925,  it  was  raining 
hard,  and  very  chilly.  There  was  no  collecting  to  be  done,  but 
we  were  there  a  week,  and  later  for  a  few  days,  and  greatly 
enjoyed  meeting  the  local  naturalists.  Holmberg,  well  known 
for  his  studies  of  bees  and  other  things,  was  extremely  cor- 
dial, and  is  still  actively  interested  in  Entomology,  though  in 

was  done,  and  appeared  in  Nature,  Dec.  26. 


134  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '26 

poor  health.  He  expects  to  write  a  full  account  of  the  Argen- 
tine Ccrccris,  and  also  to  write  more  on  Coclio.vys.  At  the 
Buenos  Aires  Museum  I  met  Brethes,  and  at  the  Dept.  of 
Agriculture  C.  A.  Lizer  and  E.  E.  Blanchard.  Lizer  works 
on  Coccidge  and  has  a  lot  of  interesting  species  to  describe. 
The  country  is  especially  rich  in  Ccroplastcs. 

I  also  went  to  La  Plata  and  visited  Carlos  Bruch,  who  has 
the  most  beautifully  arranged  collection  of  Coleoptera  I  think 
1  ever  saw.  He  also  works  on  ants.  He  has  prepared  a  mono- 
graph of  certain  of  the  South  American  Tenebrionidse,  with 
very  many  beautiful  photographic  illustrations.  The  British 
Musuem  sent  him  materials,  which  he  has  made  good  use  of. 
(.Unfortunately  it  appears  that  at  present  there  are  no  funds 
for  publication.  Dr.  Bruch  also  has  a  very  remarkable  series 
of  myrmecophiles  from  nests  of  Eciton. 

Leaving  Buenos  Aires  after  a  week  we  went  north  to  the 
Province  of  Jujuy,  where  we  were  most  hospitably  enter- 
tained at  the  Leach  Estates  at  San  Pedro  de  Jujuy.  We  had  to 
go  on  mules  to  the  locality  for  fossil  insects  at  Sunchal,  in  the 
Santa  Barbara  Mountains,  east  of  San  Pedro.  We  had  a 
small  tent  loaned  by  the  Standard  Oil  geologists  and  spent 
several  days  in  the  vicinity  of  the  fossil  beds.  Sunchal  consists 
of  a  single  miserable  ranch,  but  the  surrounding  country  is 
very  fine  and  interesting,  with  enormous  trees  and  flocks  of 
green  parrots,  but  no  monkeys,  to  our  regret.  It  is  nearly  on 
the  tropic,  yet  it  was  cold,  and  almost  half  the  time  we  were 
in  a  sort  of  Scotch  mist.  We  were  greatly  persecuted  by 
Leptus  mites  and  ticks — but  there  were  no  mosquitoes.  In 
fact,  insect  life  was  almost  wholly  dormant,  though  I  picked 
up  a  half  frozen  Tcrias.  A  few  beetles,  etc.,  could  be  obtained 
under  stones,  and  I  got  a  single  species  of  Coccid  which  1 
think  is  new.-  We  had  no  trouble  in  finding  the  fossil  bed, 
which  is  a  greenish  shale  with  a  conchoidal  fracture.  It  is  a 
very  important  and  easily  recognized  formation  in  this  part  of 
the  country,  and  as  the  age  was  somewhat  in  dispute  we  are 
glad  to  be  able  to  establish  without  question  that  it  is  fresh 

2It  proves  to  be  Alichtensia  attcnuala  Hempcl,  previously  known  from 
Brazil. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  135 

water  tertiary.  Later  studies  may  place  it  more  definitely. 
It  was  a  dramatic  moment  when  my  wife  pulled  out  a  piece  of 
shale  on  which  were  the  first  fossil  representatives  of  Orthop- 
tera  (a  grasshopper  leg),  Heteroptera  and  l-'ulgoridea  ever 
found  in  South  America.  I  got  representatives  of  (irvlli'l.r 
and  Forficulidse.  The  mass  of  the  collection  consists  of  beetle 
elytra,  of  which  we  must  have  many  species.  The  general  run 
of  things  suggests  the  upper  Eocene,  but  it  may  he  more  re- 
cent. \Yhen  I  got  hack  to  Huenos  Aires  I  left  at  the  Museum 
there,  and  also  at  La  Plata,  directions  for  finding  these  de- 
posits, and  have  hopes  that  the  Argentine  workers  will  con- 
tinue the  investigation,  which  will  certainly  continue  to  give 
important  results,  as  at  the  Florissant.  It  is  the  only  locality 
for  Tertiary  insects  we  know  of  in  South  America,  except  that 
two  flies  in  Amber  from  Colombia  may  be  of  Tertiary  age.  At 
San  Pedro  de  Jujuy  I  caught  the  only  bee  I  got  in  Argentine, 
a  species  of  Cliloralictus  just  like  those  of  the  United  States 
It  may  be  Halictus  (Cl  parainorio,  or  damcornm,  or  new.::  1 
found  the  Coccid  Chrysoin  Chains  aoniduui  quite  a  pest  at  San 
Pedro.  There  was  apparently  no  mealy  bug  on  the  sugar  cane 
but  they  have  a  moth  borer,  I  presume  Diatraca. 

After  returning  to  Buenos  Aires  for  a  few  davs.  we  left 
for  Mendoza,  going  almost  direct  west  to  the  foot  of  the  Andes. 
Here  we  spent  a  few  days,  and  examined  the  Rhaetic  beds  at 
Minas  do  Petroleo.  where  Wieland  discovered  the  first  fossil 
insects  ever  found  in  South  America,  namely  a  fine  Ilomop- 
teron  (described  as  a  Tipulid )  and  a  Dipteron.4  The  fossil 
plants  of  this  locality  were  truly  magnificent,  but  all  our  efforts 
to  find  insects  failed.  It  would  probably  be  necessary  to  work 
for  a  long  time  to  get  any.  Mr.  I).  ( ).  King,  of  Mendoza.  a 
very  keen  geologist,  accompanied  us,  and  now  that  he  knows 
the  horizon  we  hope  that  he  will  make  some  discoveries. 

\Ve  crossed  the  Andes  to  Valparaiso,  enjoying  the  wonder- 
ful and  beautiful  scenery,  and  took  the  "Santa  Ana"  tor 
Mollendo.  I'eru.  \Ye  collected  a  little  on  the  hill  above  Val- 


•"•It   proved   new. 

4This   is    small   and   obscure.      Tillyard   thinks    it    cannot    be    Dip- 
terous. 


136  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '26 

paraiso,  but  got  little  of  interest  and  although  there  were  many 
flowers,  no  bees  were  flying.  On  August  7,  we  had  a  few 
hours  at  Antofagasta,  Chile.  One  of  the  passengers  remarked 
that  there  were  no  insects  to  he  had  there,  except  fleas.  I 
headed  cheerfully  for  the  mountain  slopes  back  of  the  town, 
sure  that  I  should  find  something.  I  thought  I  knew  deserts, 
but  never  had  I  seen  such  a  one,  not  a  green  thing  anywhere, 
except  in  one  place  a  single  young  seedling  of  Mesembryan- 
themum.  It  might  have  been  the  surface  of  the  moon.  With 
assiduous  search  I  got  one  Thysanuran,  very  pale,  under  a  rock, 
and  a  single  Tineid  moth.5  In  a  very  desert  place  at  Mollendo 
I  later  got  another  Thysanuran ;  they  seem  to  be  able  to  live 
where  hardly  anything  else  will.  Were  the  first  insects,  in 
Silurian  or  Devonian  times,  similar  to  these  in  character  and 
habits,  and  hence  never  possibly  to  be  found  as  fossils?  In 
the  town  at  Antofagasta,  is  a  small  irrigated  area  with  culti- 
vated plants,  and  on  the  edge  of  this  I  got  some  Tenebrionids, 
probably  local  species. 

These  extreme  desert  conditions  prevail  along  the  coast  of 
northern  Chile,  but  eventually -there  appears  a  sand  hill  and 
strand  vegetation,  so  that  off  Ilo,  the  first  place  in  Peru,  I 
caught  a  considerable  series  of  moths  at  the  ship's  lights. 
They  were  not  at  all  tropical  in  aspect  but  consisted  of  Agro- 
tids,  a  Pterophorid,  a  Deilephila  and  some  Geometrids,  quite 
after  the  fashion  of  the  sand  hill  fauna  in  Europe. 

Arriving  at  Mollendo,  we  left  the  boat  to  pick  up  the  next 
one  ("Santa  Elisa" )  two  weeks  later.  Wre  took  tickets  for 
Cuzco  and .  after  spending  a  night  at  Arequipa,  went  on  to 
Juliaca  near  Lake  Titicaca.  But,  unfortunately,  I  was  very 
ill  from  soroche,  or  mountain  sickness,  when  we  got  to  alti- 
tudes of  13,000  to  14,000  feet,  and  so  we  had  to  return  to 
Arequipa  from  Juliaca  and  it  took  me  several  days  to  recover 
at  Arequipa  (7550  ft.).  Fortunately  we  found  very  good 
quarters  at  the  Wagner  Hotel,  and  every  one  was  extremely 
kind.  We  had  wondered  whether,  as  the  feeling  runs  so 
high  on  the  Arica  question,  there  would  appear  any  feeling  of 

5A  species  of  Gnorimoschema,  as  I  learn  from  Mr.  Busck. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  137 

hostility  to  us  as  Americans,  but  we  were  treated  with  the 
greatest  kindness  and  courtesy  everywhere.  As  soon  as  I  was 
able  to  get  about,  we  took  a  street  car  to  Tingo,  where  there 
is  good  collecting  gound,  and  on  the  first  trip  got  nine  species 
of  bees,  including  a  small  Hylaeid  obtained  by  my  wife,  which 
may  prove  to  represent  a  new  genus.6 

We  called  on  Dr.  Escomel,  the  one  naturalist  of  the  town, 
a  very  enthusiastic  and  learned  man.  He  is  a  very  busy  physi- 
cian and  does  Entomology  only  as  a  hobby — but  he  knows  his 
insects  well,  and  has  made  many  discoveries.*  On  the  very 
morning  of  the  day  we  first  saw  him,  I  had  collected  Antho- 
phora  cscomeli  Brethes  at  Tingo,  and  had  been  severely  bitten 
by  the  pretty  little  Siundium  cscomeli  Roubaud.  Me  had  made 
a  special  study  of  the  genus  Pscudomdoc  in  Peru,  being  inter- 
ested because  it  seems  that  the  Incas  used  them  in  a  medicinal 
way,  as  Europeans  do  Cantharis  (Lytta).  Dr.  Escomel  had  de- 
scribed several  new  species  of  Pscudomcloc  and  reviewed  those 
already  known,  but  going  out  to  Tia  Baya,  beyond  Tingo,  we 
were  fortunate  enough  to  find  another  new  species,  which  he 
had  never  seen,  in  numbers.  It  seems  to  be  confined  to  a 
particular  species  of  plant,  on  which  we  found  it  again  at  Yura.7 
The  fauna  about  Arequipa  is  a  desert  one,  with  distinct 
Chilean  elements,  as  seen  by  the  appearance  of  some  of  the 
bees,  but  whether  any  of  the  species  are  identical  with  those 
of  Chile  I  could  not  tell  in  the  field.  A  very  fine  Ptiloglossa 
was  common,  and  at  flowers  of  Opiuitia  were  many  examples 
of  a  jet  black  Lithurgus.8  Other  genera  obtained  were  Thygater, 
Anthidiwn,  MegacJnle  (several  species),  Camptopoeum,  Cen- 
tris,  Collctcs,  various  Halictines,  etc.  Dr.  Escomel  showed 
us  what  he  had,  and  gave  me  a  number  of  insects,  but  evidently 
the  fauna  is  very  limited,  for  we  had  captured  a  large  propor- 

"It  forms  a  very  remarkable  new  genus,  with   Australian  affinities. 

[*Dr.  Escomel  is  the  author  of  an  Essai  sitr  la  Parasitologie 
d'Arequipa  (Peron)  ct  dc  ses  cin'iroiis  in  the  Bulletin  dc  la  .S'onV/.1 
dc  Pathohxjic  c-vutitjue  of  Paris,  Vol.  XVII,  pp.  906-925,  1924,  an  ab- 
stract of  which  is  given  in  the  Rci'inv  of  .-IppHt'd  Entomology,  XI11, 
Series  B,  p.  35,  for  March,  1925.— Editor.] 

"It  has  been  described  and  will  be  published  by  Dr.  Escomel.     It  lives 
on  Coldcnia  parri  flora. 

8 Both  proved  new. 


138  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [^lay,  '26 


tion  of  the  species  obtained  in  years  by  Dr.  Escomel.  It  seems 
for  instance  that  there  is  only  one  local  mosquito,  only  one 
Tabanid,  and  of  butterflies  only  Dionc,  Pyraineis,  a  Pierid, 
a  few  skippers,  and  Escomel  had  one  Papilio  of  cresphontes 
type,  doubtless  coming"  in  since  the  days  of  cultivation.  The 
Sphingids  seem  to  consist  of  a  DettephMa  (common)  and 
Phlcgcthontius.  I  saw  only  one  species  of  grasshopper.  '•'  \Ye 
brought  back  a  fair  lot  of  things,  however,  and  with  those 
furnished  (and  others  promised)  by  Dr.  Escomel,  it  will  eventu- 
ally be  possible  to  get  a  fair  idea  of  the  insect  fauna  of  this 
locality,  —  very  interesting  for  comparison  with  our  own 
Arizona  and  Xew  Mexico  deserts.  One  remarkable  feature 
is  the  absence  of  ants.  I  could  not  find  any  outside  the  culti- 
vated area.  Also,  I  did  not  see  a  single  mutillid. 

Leaving  Arequipa  for  the  coast,  we  pass  though  a  broad  belt 
of  utter,  lifeless  desert,  but  in  the  lowest  slopes  (1,000-2,000 
ft.  )  is  a  flora  which  makes  the  hillsides  green,  and  owes  its 
existence  to  the  sea  fogs.  I  could  see  bright  flowers  here  and 
there  from  the  train,  and  they  were  not  the  same  as  those  of  the 
Arequipa  desert.  This  zone  we  were  unable  to  explore  but 
it  would  be  of  very  great  interest  to  investigate  its  fauna 
and  flora. 

Since  we  got  on  the  "Santa  Elisa,"  there  was  little  oppor- 
tunity for  collecting.  A  short  stop  at  Pisco  produced  a 
Deiopcia,  a  male  mosquito,10  and.  a  few  other  things  in  the 
herbage  around  a  patch  of  cotton.  At  Callao<  we  merely  went 
on  to  Lima,  and  saw  that  city,  without  reaching  any  collect- 
ing ground. 

I  had  an  hour  on  the  coast  of  northern  Peru,  at  Paita,  and 
we  got  several  bees.11  The  black  ^Icgacliile  (M.  piitrcnsis) 
which  Townsend  discovered  at  Piura.  and  which  I  described 
from  the  male,  was  found  at  Paita  in  both  sexes.  Later  we 
came  through  the  Panama  Canal,  and  at  lialboa  I  met  Zetek. 

THEO.  D.  A.  COCKERELL. 


°A  Trimerotropis,  determined  by  Rebn. 
WAedes  scapularis  Rondani,  determined  by  Dyar. 
11  Four  were  new. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  139 

Types  of  North  American  Lepidoptera  in  the 
Natural  History  Museum,  Vienna. 

By  \\'M.  I!  \K.\ES  &  F.  H.  BEXJAMIX,  Decatur,  Illinois. 

Dr.  H.  Zerny  has  kindly  furnished  us  with  a  list  of  the  types 
of  North  American  Lepidoptera  in  his  charge.  This  \ve  pub- 
lish just  as  received  from  Dr.  Zerny,  believing  it  will  he  of 
interest  to  others  besides  ourselves. 

We  note  two  of  Huebner's  types  listed,  and  hope  that  any 
other  authors  knowing  of  the  whereabouts  of  other  Huebner 
types  will  publish  upon  them. 

Verzeichnis  der  Typen  nordamerikanischer  Lepidopteren 
im  Naturhistorischen  Museum  in  Wien. 

1.  Papilio  aincriciis  Koll.     1  <$  Neu-  Granada   (Sulkowsky). 

2.  Tcrias  ingrata  Fold.     3  c?c?  Potrero,  Mexico  (Hedemann). 

3.  Ercsia    archcsilca    Fcld.       1     J1    2    ??    Cordoba,    Mexico 
( Hedemann ) . 

4.  Leucochitonea  pastor  Fcld.     1   d1  Lerma,  Mexico   (  Hede- 
mann), 1  <$  Ypanema  ( S.  Paulo,  Brasilien )    (Natterer). 

5.  Leucochitonea  pnlvcnilcnta  Fcld.     2  c&?  Orizaba.   Mexico 
(  Hedemann  ) . 

6.  Noctua   aprica    Hb.    (Acontia   aprica    Tr. )       1    d   ex   coll. 
Mazzola. 

7.  Sarothnpa  nilotica  Rglifr.     1  c?  1  ?  Ramleh  bei  Alexandrien 
(Hornig  1881). 

8.  Eiiclidia  aquamarina  Fcld.  &  Rghfr.     1  c?  Californien   (ex 
coll.  Lederer). 

9.  Siculodes  fratcrcnla   Pagcnst.      1    J1   Californien    (ex   coll. 

Lederer ) . 

10.  Homophysa  fnliniiiaHs  Led.     1  d"  1  $  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

11.  Scybalista  rcstionalis  Led.     1  ?  Brasilien  (Natterer). 

12.  Pilocrocis  raincnlalis  Led.  1  $  (  Patria  ignota). 

13.  Dichogama  Redtenbacheri  Led.    1  <$  (ex  coll.  Paryss),  1  ? 
(ex  coll.  Stentz  ). 

14.  Hatys  obscitralis  Led.     1  c?  1  ?   (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

15.  Botys  fliictnosalis  Led.     \  d  (  ex  coll.  Irichtel). 

16.  Terastia  subjectalis  Led.     1  J1  (  patria  ignota  i. 

17.  Crocidophora  pustuliferdUs  Led.     2  c^d1  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

18.  Crocidoplwra  tuberculalis  Led.     1  c?  Tennessee  (Poeppig"). 

19.  Hnfys  nuiiiealis  Led.    1  <S  (ex  coll.  Fichtel  i ,  4  ??  Tennessee 
i  I'oeppig). 

20.  Bol\s  oblunalis  Led.     1  c?  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

21.  Botys  h  n  in  Hal  is  Led.     \  <$  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 


140  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May,    '26 

22.  Botys  intricatalis  Led.    1  o"  1  ?  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

23.  C in d aphia   inccnsaUs  Led.      1    ?   Brasilien    (Schott),    1    ? 
Ypanema  (S.  Paulo,  Brasilien)  (Natterer). 

24.  Botys  perte.vtalis  Led.     2  <$<$  Tennessee  (Poeppig). 

25.  Bolys  snbjectalis  Led.     1  o"  (  Patria  ignota). 

26.  Botys  inconcinnalis  Led.     1  o"  1  ?  Cex  coll.  Fichtel). 

27.  Botys  futilalis  Led.     1  J1  (Patria  ignota). 

28.  Botys  singnlaris  Led.    2  <$<$  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

29.  Botys  proceralis  Led.     1  o"  ( ex  coll.  Fichtel ) . 

30.  Pyralis  rubricalis  Hb.     1  ?  (ex  coll.  Podevin). 

31.  Botys  siniilalis  Led.    2  <$<$  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

32.  Parapoynx  crctaccalis  Led.     1  ?  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

33.  Hydrocampa  gemiialis  Led.      1   <$  Tennessee    (Poeppig), 
1  c?  1  ?  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

34.  Omphalocera    cariosa    Led.      1    <3    Ypanema    (S.    Paulo, 
Brasilien  )    ( Natterer ) . 

35.  Prionopteryx  achatina  Z.     1  $   (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

36.  Crainbns  pc.vcllns  Z.     1  <$  (Cotype)   (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

37.  Crambns    niacropterellns    Z.      1    $    Nordamerika    (Baron 
Lederer ) . 

38.  Crambns  saltncllns  Z.    1  <$  (ex  coll.  Fichtel)   (syn.  striatel- 
lus  Fenn). 

39.  Cr -ambus  exsiccatus  Z.      \    <$  Nordamerika    (Baron   Led- 
erer). 

40.  Crambus   tenninellus   Z.      1    <$    (Cotype)    Nordamerika^ 
elegans  Clem.1 

41.  Crambus  polyactinelliis  Z.     1  ?  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

42.  Crambus  chalybirostris  Z.     1  c?  (ex  coll.  Pareyss). 

43.  Hcmimatia  scortealis  Led.     1  <$  3  ??  (ex  coll.  Fichtel). 

44.  Salcbria  turpidclla  Rag.     \  <$  (patria  ignota). 

45.  Nephoptery.r  annulosella  Rag.     1  ?  Texas  (Boll  1876). 

46.  Homoeosoma  te.ranella  Rag.     1  <3  1  $  Texas  (Boll  1876). 

47.  Euzophera  ferruginella  Rag.     1  ?  Texas  (Boll  1876). 


Thysanoptera  Collecting  Kit. 

Mr.  Dudley  Moulton,  Horticultural  Commissioner  of  the 
County  of  San  Francisco,  has  prepared  and  is  sending  to 
entomologists  interested  in  collecting  Thrips,  a  small  "Thysan- 
optera Collecting  Kit",  containing  vials,  alcohol,  a  brush  and 
memorandum  sheets.  Those  interested  in  this  order  should 
find  one  of  these  kits  a  valuable  aid  in  his  collecting  parapher- 
nalia. (Pan-Pacific  Ent. ) 

1  This  name  has  been  omitted  from  the  Barnes  &  McDunnough 
Check  List. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  141 

A  New  Predaceous  Midge  on  Roses  (Dipt. : 
Cecidomyiidae). 

By  E.  P.  FELT,  Albany,  Xew  York. 

The  small  midge  described  below  was  reared  in  August.  1925. 
by  Miss  Grace  H.  Griswold  of  the  Department  of  Entomology, 
Cornell  University.  The  species  attracted  notice  because  of  its 
spinning  cocoons  upon  the  leaves.  This  insect  is  very  probably 
predaceous,  the  larvae  possibly  subsisting  upon  red  mites  or 
other  small  forms  occurring  upon  the  rose.  It  is  related  to 
Fclticlla  aincricana  Felt  from  which  it  is  easily  distinguished 
by  a  number  of  structural  characters. 

J 

Feltiella  ithacae  n.  sp. 

d. — Length  .8  mm.  Antennae  one- fourth  longer  than  the 
body,  rather  thickly  haired,  pale  yellowish,  14  segments,  the  5th 
with  stems  each  with  a  length  2l/>  and  3J/^  times  their  diam- 
eters, respectively.  Palpi,  the  first  segment  quadrate,  the  sec- 
ond l/2  longer  than  the  first  and  the  3rd  and  4th  probably  longer 
than  the  second  and  nearly  equal.  Mesonotum  fuscous  yellow- 
ish, the  submedian  lines  and  scutellum  yellowish,  post-scutellum 
fuscous  yellowish,  abdomen  yellowish  transparent.  Genitalia 
slightly  fuscous,  wings  hyaline,  halteres  yellowish  basally, 
fuscous  apically,  legs  fuscous  yellowish,  the  pulvilli  as  long  as 
the  strongly  curved  claws,  those  of  the  anterior  and  mid-legs 
unidentate.  Genitalia,  basal  clasp  segment  rather  long,  mod- 
erately stout,  terminal  clasp  segment  long,  slender.  Dorsal 
plate  short,  deeply  and  triangularly  emarginate,  the  lobes 
broadly  rounded ;  ventral  plate  short,  broadly  rounded,  sparsely 
setose  apically. 

?. — Length  1.2  mm.  Antennae  about  half  the  length  of  the 
body,  rather  thickly  haired,  fuscous  yellowish,  14  segments,  the 
5th  with  a  stem  about  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  cylindrical 
basal  enlargement,  the  latter  with  a  length  about  2l/>  times  its 
diameter.  Terminal  segment  somewhat  produced  with  a  length 
3  times  its  diameter,  the  apex  narrowly  rounded.  Palpi,  first 
segment  short,  irregular,  the  second  with  a  length  about  3  times 
its  diameter,  the  third  twice  the  length  of  the  2nd  and  the  4th  as 
long  as  the  3rd.  Mesonotum  dark  brown,  scutellum  yellowish, 
post-scutellum  and  abdomen  fuscous  yellowish  :  ovipositor  short. 
the  lobes  slender  with  a  length  3  times  the  width.  Other  char- 
acters practically  as  in  the  male. 

Colors  from  alcoholic  specimens. 

Type  Cecid.  A3360,  X.  Y.  State  Museum. 


142  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May.  '26 

Two  New  Spider  Mites  (Tetranychidae)  from  Death 
Valley,  California  (Acarina). 

By  H.  E.  EWING,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology. 

That  temperatures  much  ahove  100°  F.  are  frequently  fatal 
to  plant-feeding-  arthropods  is  well  known.  It  is  of  special 
interest,  therefore,  to  report  two  new  species  of  thriving  plant- 
feeding  mites  from  the  Death  \  alley  of  California.  The  mites 
were  taken  in  the  month  of  August,  1925,  at  Furnace  Creek 
Ranch,  by  Mr.  Bruce  Drummond  and  transmitted  to  the  Bureau 
of  Entomology  by  Walter  T.  Swingle,  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant 
Industry.  In  transmitting  the  specimens  Mr.  Swingle  states: 

"I  would  not  be  surprised  if  this  would  turn  out  to  be  an 
interesting  new  species  and  undoubtedly  this  mite  must  be  able 
to  withstand  extraordinary  heat  conditions,  since  Weather 
Bureau  recording  thermometers  show  the  temperature  to  go  as 
high  as  134°  F.  in  the  shade  at  Furnace  Creek  Ranch.  Mr. 
Drummond  reports  that  the  temperature  went  up  to  124°  I7, 
on  July  \7  and  that  a  dozen  or  more  birds  that  tried  to  fly 
dropped  dead  on  the  -ground." 

Tetranychus  thermophilus,  new  species. 

9. — Bright  red ;  shape  typical  for  the  genus.  Palpi  shorter 
than  femur  I,  stout.  Palpal  claw  medium,  strongly  curved. 
Thumb  broader  than  long,  yet  slightly  surpassing  the  palpal 
claw;  finger  of  thumb  (terminal  spine)  as  broad" as  long  and 
evenly  rounded  distally ;  dorsal  pectinate  spine  equal  to  the 
finger  in  length.  Mandibular  plate  evenly  rounded  in  front ; 
chelicerae  very  slender,  yet  about  typical  for  the  genus.  Abdo- 
men stout ;  setae  moderate,  simple.  Legs  of  moderate  length, 
but  clothed  with  large  setae,  those  on  the  posterior  tibiae  being 
the  longest.  Tenent  hairs  of  tarsi  of  moderate  length,  with  a 
flattened  knob  at  tip  of  each,  inner  two  considerably  longer  than 
the  outer  two.  Tarsal  claw  six-cleft,  the  two  inner  prongs  close 
together  and  apparently  stouter  than  the  others  ;  prongs  of  claw 
exceedingly  fine  toward  tip  and  about  as  long  as  the  outer 
tenent  hairs.  Length,  0.57  mm.  ;  width.  0.32  mm. 

d1. — About  half  as  large  as  female,  yellowish  to  orange. 
Dorsal  palpal  spine  very  sharp  and  situated  on  conspicuous 
tubercle.  Tarsal  claw  I  over  half  as  long  as  tenent  hairs,  two- 
cleft  to  base  with  one  of  the  elements  a  little  smaller  and  differ- 
ently curved  from  the  other :  tarsal  claw  1 1  same  as  I ;  tarsal 
claws  III  and  IV  similar  to  those  of  female,  but  prongs  shorter. 
Penis  short,  stout ;  without  basilar  lobe  and  without  terminal 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  143 

barb;  inner  lobe  straight,  as  in  tclarius:  shaft  twice  as  stout  as 
inner  lobe  and  terminated  with  a  sharply  downcurved  and  some- 
what procurved  hook  which  is  drawn  to  a  very  fine  point. 
Lenth,  0.37  mm.;  width,  0.16  mm. 

Type  locality. — Death  Valley,  California. 

Type  j/«fe.r— Cat.  No.  957,  U.S.N.M. 

Described  chiefly  from  male  and  female  on  type  slide,  but  in 
part  from  several  specimens.  All  material  taken  at  Furnace 
Creek  Ranch,  Death  Valley,  California,  August  20,  1925,  on 
greasewood,  Coznllia  sp.,  by  Mr,  Bruce  Drummond.  The 
female  of  this  species  is  similar  to  red  representatives  of  Tet- 
rauyclius  tclarius  Linneus.  The  males  have  the  tarsal  claws  of 
legs  I  and  II  similar  to  those  of  Tetran\chus  borcalis  Ewinsr, 

— '  O  ' 

but  the  genital  armature  is  of  an  entirely  different  type  from 
that  of  any  described  species  of  the  genus. 

Petrobia  drummondi,  new   species. 

General  appearance  similar  to  Bryobia;  color  yellowish 
brown.  Palpi  very  long,  almost  as  long  as  femur  I  ;  segment  I 
twice  as  long  as  broad;  segment  T I  almost  twice  as  long  as 
broad  ;  thumb  very  small ;  claw  rudimentary.  Mandibular  plate 
large,  long,  broadest  at  the  middle  and  rounded  in  front;  notch 
wanting.  The  chelicerae  arise  almost  at  the  front  margin  of 
the  mandibular  plate  and  extend  backward  for  about  two-thirds 
the  length  of  the  same,  then  bend  downward  and  forward. 
Dorsal  surface  of  body  sparsely  clothed  with  stout,  pectinate, 
slightly  curved,  and  in  some  instances  slightly  clavate,  setae  : 
four  of  these  on  the  posterior  margin  are  conspicuous.  Ante- 
rior legs  much  longer  than  the  others;  patella  over  one-half  as 
long  as  femur;  tibia  slightly  longer  than  patella;  tarsus  equal 
to  tibia.  Legs  II  and  III  equal  and  shorter  than  IV.  Femur  of 
leg  IV  slightly  enlarged.  Length,  0.39  mm. ;  width,  0.23  mm. 

Type  locality. — Death  Valley,  California. 
Type  (Holotypc).—Cz.\.  No.  958,  U.S.N.M.- 
A    single    specimen     included     with     those    of     Tctraiivclius 
tkermopkilus,  new  species,   hence  collection   data   the  same  as 
for  that   species.      This   species,    which    is   the     fourth     to   1  e 
reported   for  the    genus    Petrobia     f  Tetran\china  > .   in    Xorth 
America,  is  nearest   P.   tritici    (Kwing).      It    differs     from   /'. 
tritici  in  having  shorter  front  legs,  much  longer  (over  twice  a- 
long)  palpi,  and  larger  and  stouter  dorsal  setae. 


144  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May,    '26 

Teaching  Elementary  Entomology  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada. 

By  PAUL  KNIGHT,  University  of  Maryland. 

This  paper  is  the  result  of  a  survey  the  author  conducted 
while  at  the  University  of  Illinois,  in  the  spring  of  1925.  There 
has  arisen  recently  a  lively  interest  in  the  improvement  of 
teaching-  methods  in  entomology,  and  this  paper  will  help  to 
bring1  out  a  number  of  points  regarding  the  elementary  course. 

The  first  step  was  to  conduct  a  survey  among  the  colleges 
and  universities  where  entomology  is  taught.  This  paper  will 
summarize  the  results  of  a  questionnaire  sent  out,  with  no 
attempt  at  drawing  conclusions.  This  questionnaire  had 
several  faults  which  will  be  brought  out  later,  but  will  give 
teachers  of  their  chosen  subject  an  idea  of  some  of  the  things 
that  are  taking  place  at  present. 

On  the  whole  the  results  were  quite  satisfactory,  as  shown 
by  the  extreme  interest  taken  by  a  number  of  very  well  known 
entomologists.  Fifty  of  these  questionnaires  were  sent  out, 
distributed  as  widely  as  possible  over  the  country.  In  less  than 
a  month  thirty-nine  replies  were  returned,  most  of  them  show- 
ing thoughtful  consideration.  It  was  very  gratifying  to  note 
that  invariably  the  most  careful  consideration  was  from  the 
stronger  departments,  and  those  neglecting  to  answer  were, 
with  few  exceptions,  minor  departments.  Only  one  indicated 
the  opinion  that  the  undertaking  was  not  worth  while.  Nine 
of  the  replies  were  accompanied  by  letters  giving  much  ad- 
ditional information.  Four  valuable  replies  were  received  from 
Canadian  institutions. 

Interest  was  evinced  by  such  remarks  as  these :  "I  am 
very  much  interested  in  this  subject";  "I  should  like  to  hear 
from  you  when  you  have  correlated  your  replies  and  results"  ; 
"I  believe  the  subject  is  an  important  one";  "My  colleagues 
and  I  have  been  very  much  interested  in  your  recent  question- 
naire." These  and  many  others  came  from  men  who  have  the 
respect  of  entomologists  throughout  the  country. 

Following  are  the  questions  and  the  results  compiled  from 
them  : 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  145 

Question  7.  Is  entomology  a  separate  department  or  is  it 
in  the  zoology  department? 

Of  the  total  number  reporting"  there  was  seventeen  separate 
departments,  five  departments  combined  with  zoology,  and  one 
biology  department.  The  University  of  California  has  tin- 
department  of  entomology  combined  with  that  of  parasitology. 

Question  2.  Do  conditions  in  college  entomology  as  you 
know  them  need  improvement?  How  would  you  improve  con- 
ditions ? 

Not  all  answered  this  question,  but  nineteen  stated  definitely 
that  conditions  need  improvement,  and  only  three  stated  to  tin- 
contrary.  Three  were  indifferent,  with  such  answers  as  "\\'e 
prosper,"  "To  a  degree,"  "Xo  more  than  the  other  sciences." 
The  second  part  of  the  question  gave  room  for  much  individual 
expression,  and  showed  a  varying  degree  of  opinion  as  to 
present  conditions.  They  can  be  summed  up  in  these  groups : 
emphasizing  equipment,  emphasizing  fundamentals,  standard- 
ization, better  pre-requisites,  popularization  of  the  subject, 
covering  of  less  material,  more  teachers,  suitable  text,  good 
laboratory  guide,  more  time  in  class,  emphasis  on  the  quality 
of  teaching,  separate  department,  emphasis  on  the  collection, 
getting  away  from  cut  and  dried  formalities.  Then-  seemed 
to  be  quite  a  reaction  towards  the  popularization  of  the  subject. 

Question  3.  Is  entomology  a  particularly  difficult  subject 
to  teach  ? 

Most  entomologists  consider  their  subject  easy  to  teach, 
shown  by  the  fact  that  twenty-six  men  stated  to  this  effect. 
Three  men  considered  it  difficult  at  least  in  a  measure.  Others 
\\vre  indifferent  to  the  question.  "The  tremendous  number  of 
species,  their  small  size,  and  the  fact  that  most  of  tlu-  teaching 
must  be  done  in  the  dormant  season"  make  entomology  difficult 
to  present.  Tlr's  is  the  statement  of  I'rofessor  C.  L.  Metcalf. 
"Principal  difficulty  the  selection  of  material  from  a  great  in 
of  available  data,"  Professor  P.  S.  Welch.  Professor  II.  M. 
Parshley  thinks  a  principal  difficulty  i-  getting  the  students 
acquainted  with  a  sufficient  number  of  insects. 

Question  4.  How  many  semesters  or  quarters  does  the  ele- 
mentary course  cover?  How  much  credit  is  given? 


146  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  ^la,  '26 


This  question  showed  a  great  variety  of  answers,  ranging 
from  one  quarter  of  two  credits,  to  two  semesters  of  four 
credits  each.  The  replies  showed  the  one  semester,  three  credit 
course  most  popular.  Professor  M.  H.  Swenk  was  offering 
the  most  complete  course  of  any  reported. 

Question  5.  Is  the  time  you  have  sufficient  for  such  a 
course?  If  not,  what  is  the  most  desirable  length  of  time? 

Twenty-five  stated  that  their  time  was  not  sufficient,  while 
eleven  answered  in  the  affirmative.  Some  did  not  answer.  The 
opinion  as  to  the  most  desirable  length  of  time  varied  con- 
siderably, but  in  every  case  where  the  allotted  time  was  too 
short  there  was  an  indication  to  this  effect. 

Question  6.  Can  the  elementary  course  be  technical  in 
character  and  still  have  strong  economic  emphasis? 

This  question  seems  to  be  causing  considerable  discussion 
among  teachers  of  entomology  at  present,  and  the  questionnaire 
indicated  a  strong  reaction  towards  a  practical  first  course,  with 
the  view  of  motivating  the  student's  interest  before  taking  him 
into  the  more  technical  phases.  Twenty-four  indicated  that 
the  elementary  course  could  be  economic,  while  only  ten  stated 
to  the  contrary.  Every  answer  to  this  question  was  emphatic. 
A  number  of  important  departments  have  changed  recently 
from  a  technical  to  a  practical  first  course,  and  are  enthusiastic 
with  the  results.  Others  have  been  using  this  method  for  a 
few  years,  evidently  with  success. 

Question  7.  From  what  angle  is  your  elementary  course 
approached,  morphological,  systematic,  or  economic? 

The  replies  to  this  question  showed  a  serious  omission  from 
the  questionnaire,  namely  that  of  the  biological,  physiological, 
and  ecological  phases  of  the  subject,  as  these  are  becoming  more 
recognized  every  day  as  fundamental  parts  of  our  science.  The 
emphasis  in  the  courses  reported  was  varied,  and  consisted  of 
a  variety  of  combinations.  The  economic  emphasis,  and  a 
combination  of  the  systematic,  and  economic  included  over  half 
the  courses  reported,  while  five  more  said  all  three  of  these 
points  were  emphasized.  Only  one  course  was  mainly  system- 
atic and  one  morphological.  Whatever  was  left  out  the 
tendency  was  to  include  the  economic.  Four  men  definitely 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  147 

called  attention  to  the  omission  of  the  phases  previously 
mentioned,  showing  clearly  that  these  are  becoming1  taught 
more  than  ever.  Professor  A.  C.  Kinsey  has  a  very  unique 
course  in  that  it  is  40  per  cent,  insect  behavior,  with  consider- 
able time  devoted  to  insect  ecology.  The  other  phases  receive 
a  smaller  but  balanced  attention.  His  course  is  primarily  a 
cultural  one,  and  very  likely  in  his  case  a  decided  improve- 
ment over  the  older  type  of  course  as  his  department  does  not 
train  agricultural  students.  Professor  Swenk  devotes  several 
class  periods  to  the  history  of  entomology. 

Question  8.     Do    you    take    up    economic    insects    l>v    their 
systematic  or  their  economic  classification  ? 

Evidently   each   way    has    its    merits,    as    the    teachers    wen 
equally  divided  in  their  opinion.     Five  more  stated  that  they 
used  both,  four  used  neither,  and  one  varied  from  one  year  to 
the   next.      The   economic   classification    held    the    most    favor 
\\ith  those  teaching  a  practical  first  course. 

Question  9.     Do  you  study  one  or  two  insect  pests  of  a  crop 
in  detail  or  more  in  a  general  way? 

Of  those  reporting  on  the  question,  thirteen  studied  a  few 
important  pests  of  certain  crops,  and  seven  studied  more  in  a 
general  way.  Two  more  used  both,  two  used  the  latter  in  sub- 
ordination to  the  former,  and  one  studied  the  most  important 
pest  in  each  family.  (  )nly  six  did  not  use  either,  and  these 
were  in  the  more  classical  courses,  where  it  probably  would 
be  unwise  to  spend  much  time  on  the  agricultural  phases. 
Question  10.  \Yhat  is  your  basic  text? 

From  the  thirty-five  reports  on  this  question  the  results 
were  naturally  varied.  ( "omstock's  new  edition  headed  the  list 
with  eight  adoptions.  Fernald's  Applied  Entomology  is  next, 
with  seven,  Sanderson  and  Peairs'  Insect  Pests  four,  and  Fol- 
som's  Entomology  three.  Fach  of  the  following  we're  reported 
once:  Lutx's  FiVldbook,  Sanderson  and  Jackson's  Flenientary 
Entomology,  Sanderson  and  Peairs'  School  Fntomologx . 
(>  Kane's  Injurious  Insects.  Five  combinations  were  noted,  in 
which  ('omstock.  Folsom,  and  Sanderson  and  Peairs  figured 
most.  Two  original  unpublished  texts  were  report <  d. 

Question  11.  Do  you  make  much  use  of  laboratory  and 
class  outlines? 


148  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '26 

( )ut  of  thirty-three  replies  to  this  question  twenty-six  were 
using  outlines  considerably,  and  only  four  were  not  using  them, 
while  three  were  using  them  only  slightly.  One  man  indicated 
a  recent  reaction  against  outlines  for  laboratory  and  class  use. 

Question  12.     Do  you  make  much  use  of  library  facilities? 

Many  answering  this  question  seemed  to  think  it  was  too 
obvious,  evinced  by  such  remarks  as  "I  should  think  this  would 
go  without  saying" ;  ''How  can  you  otherwise  do  adequate 
teaching?";  "Yes,  naturally."  However,  of  the  thirty-two 
replies  twelve  indicated  that  there  were  reasons  why  they 
could  not  use  the  library  to  any  extent  in  a  beginning  course. 
The  main  reason  given  was  lack  of  time. 

Question  13.  This  called  for  the  filling  out  of  a  tabular 
form  concerning  the  time  allotted  to  the  various  divisions  of 
the  course,  and  the  type  of  teaching  materials  used  for  the 
same.  No  doubt  the  criticisms  leveled  at  this  were  justified. 
As  previously  stated  there  were  several  serious  omissions.  It 
was  also  too  fixed  and  arbitrary,  making  it  difficult  for  many 
to  adjust  the  subject  matter  of  their  course  to  it.  A  progressive 
course  is  naturally  varied  from  year  to  year. 

In  spite  of  these  difficulties  eleven  men  filled  it  out  quite 
completely,  and  nine  more  partially.  Nine  more  could  not  fill 
it  out  for  the  reasons  stated  above.  Their  tabulation  showed 
the  emphasis  about  the  same  as  given  in  question  7.  It  also 
showed  that  there  is  much  teaching  material  being  used  to 
facilitate  the  lecture  and  laboratory  presentation.  Many  indi- 
cated that  the  collection  and  the  field  trip  were  becoming  one 
of  their  most  important  means  of  teaching,  and  the  tendency 
away  from  the  formal  lecture  was  noticeable. 

Question  14.  If  any  of  this  material  is  published  do  you 
wish  your  name  used? 

Nineteen  men  were  willing  for  their  names  to  be  used,  four 
unwilling,  and  nine  indifferent.  If  the  data  are  ever  published 
in  their  entirety  use  will  be  made  of  the  opinions  of  many  of 
these  men.  The  following  aided  me  materially  in  this  work: 
J.  J.  Davis,  D.  M.  DeLong,  C.  L.  Fluke,  L.  Haseman.  A.  C. 
Kinsey,  W.  Lochhead,  C.  L.  Mctcalf.  R.  A.  Muttkowski,  H.  M. 
Parshley,  W.  A.  Riley,  J.  M.  Robinson,  H.  C.  Severin,  E.  W. 
Stafford,  M.  H.  Swenk,  E.  C.  VanDyke,  P.  S.  Welch. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  149 

A  Dipterological  Tour  in  Europe. 

By  RAYMOND  C.  and  ELNORA  S.  SHANNON,  "Washington,  D.  C. 

A  brief  account  is  here  given  of  a  trip  to  Europe,  from  June 
10  to  September  10,  1925,  during  which  the  writers  visited  a 
number  of  the  principal  dipterological  centers. 

Our  first  stop  was  at  the  Museum  d'Histoire  Xaturelle,  Paris, 
where  we  met  Mons.  E.  Seguy,  an  excellent  Dipterist  and  artist. 
He  is  at  present  occupied  with  an  illustrated  encyclopedia  of  the 
I  )iptera  of  France.  An  examination  was  made  of  the  Muscidae 
(old  sense)  in  the  collections  of  Macquart,  Meigen,  and  Pan- 
delle  and  the  remaining  material  of  the  Robineau-Desvoidy  col- 
lection. Among  other  Diptera  one  species  was  noted  in  the 
modern  collection  which  is  of  particular  interest,  Caniposclla 
insignata  Cole  (Quito?),  the  second  specimen  known  of  this 
remarkable  species  of  Cyrtidae. 

We  had  a  very  delightful  visit  of  several  days  with  Professor 
and  Madame  Herve-Bazin  at  their  beautiful  chateau,  Le  Pat\>. 
at  Segre.  They  possess  one  of  the  very  neatest  collections  of 
insects  we  have  ever  seen,  which  includes  many  Chinese  Dip- 
tera collected  by  themselves.  We  transacted  an  exchange  of 
Syrphidae  and  were  given  the  loan  of  their  entire  collection  of 
Calliphoridae.  The  well-wooded  grounds  surrounding  their 
chateau  also  afforded  us  excellent  collecting. 

Turin,  Italy,  proved  to  be  very  rich  dipterologically.  \Ve 
visited  Professor  Mario  Bezzi,  who  has  perhaps  the  most  com- 
plete privately  owned  collection  of  Diptera  in  the  world,  and 
he  was  very  generous  in  the  exchange  we  transacted.  At  his 
suggestion  we  made  a  trip  to  Mont  Cenis  in  the  Italian  Alps. 
once  the  favorite  collecting  grounds  of  the  dipterist  Meigen. 
The  Museum  in  Turin  houses  the  collection  of  Bellardi's  Mexi- 
can Diptera  which  contains  a  number  of  type  specimens 
described  by  Bellardi  and  ( iiglio  Tos.  Professor  Borelli,  in 
charge  of  the  collection  of  insects,  very  kindly  afforded  us 
facilities  for  examining  the  types,  which  are  in  verv  fair  condi- 
tion. 

At  Florence,  Italy,  we  obtained  permission  from  tin-  .Museum 


150  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '26 

authorities  to  examine  the  Rondani  collection  of  Diptera,  which 
is  likewise  in  a  fair  state  of  preservation. 

Our  next  point  of  entomological  interest  was  at  the  home  of 
Theodor  Becker  in  Liegnitz,  Germany.  Herr  Becker  is  now 
85  years  of  age,  but  is  healthy  and  active  and  is  at  present 
engaged  in  work  upon  the  Ephydridae.  He  possesses  an  admir- 
able collection  of  European  and  Asiatic  Diptera,  practically  all 
of  which  he  has  collected  himself. 

We  made  an  entomological  excursion  to  Mezimeste,  Czecho- 
slovakia ( formerly  Halbstadt,  on  the  northern  border  of  Hun- 
gary), an  old  favorite  collecting  ground  of  Dr.  E.  A.  Schwarz. 
Here  we  found  one  of  the  most  curious  species  of  acalyptrate 
Diptera,  Amphipogon  spectrum  Wahlberg,  of  the  family  Sep- 
sidae  (determined  by  T.  Becker). 

Time  did  not  permit  other  entomological  visits  in  Germany, 
and  we  returned  to  Paris,  finished  our  investigations  at  the 
Museum  and  left  for  London. 

We  were  kindly  received  at  the  British  Museum  of  Natural 
History  by  Major  E.  E.  Austen  who  granted  permission  to 
examine  the  collection  of  Diptera,  including  the  Walker  types, 
Bigot's  types  of  Syrphidae  and  the  Biologia  Centrali-Arnericana 
material.  A.bout  200  species  named  by  Walker  under  "Ulusca" 
(some  probably  noinuia  nuda)  were  examined  and  the  proper 
generic  location  in  many  cases  was  ascertained.  Mr.  F.  W. 
Edwards  showed  us  the  collection  of  Culicidae  and  was  very 
liberal  with  information. 

Mr.  Edwards  took  us  for  a  visit  to  Cambridge  where  we 
met  Dr.  D.  D.  Keilin  and  Dr.  I.  M.  Puri  (student  of  Simuli- 
idae)  who  showed  us  through  the  new  Cambridge  building  of 
Parasitology.  We  spent  the  week  end  at  Mr.  Edwards's  home 
and  occupied  ourselves  on  Sunday  by  collecting. 

Nearly  three  weeks  were  spent  in  London.  During  this  time 
we  were  surprised  by  the  visits  of  Professor  J.  S.  Hine,  Dr. 
C.  H.  Kennedy  and  Professor  O.  A.  Johannsen  who  were  like- 
wise bent  on  examining  types  at  the  British  Museum.  We  also 
met  Mr.  E.  Brunetti,  and  Mr.  A.  J.  Engel  Terzi,  the  artist  of 
many  beautiful  illustrations  of  Diptera. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  151 

We  left  Europe  with  nearly  a  thousand  exchanged  speci- 
mens, more  than  a  thousand  collected  specimens  and  about 
fifteen  hundred  loaned  specimens,  the  latter  including  some 
undescribed  material  from  the  abundant  collections  of  Wallace 
(from  the  Malay  Archipelago),  Bates  (from  the  Amazon)  and 
Darwin  (from  Patagonia). 

We  wish  to  thank  very  heartily  all  of  the  above  named  gen- 
tlemen and  Madame  Herve-Bazin  and  Mrs.  Edwards,  as  well 
as  Dr.  Laura  Gambetti  and  Signorina  Giulia  Goss,  both  of 
Turin,  Italy,  for  the  very  courteous  and  kindly  attention  that 
they  showed  us. 

A  list  of  the  collections  that  were  examined  is  appended. 
.Museum  d'Histoire  Xaturelle,  Paris,  France. 

Meigen   collection.      Mostly    European    Diptera   including 
many  type  specimens.     Condition  fair. 
Macquart  collection.     A  cosmopolitan  collection  containing 
.    numerous  types  in  fair  to  poor  condition. 
Robineau-Desvoidy   collection.      Largely   destroyed   but   a 
number  of  the  types  remain  in  identifiable  condition. 
Pandelle    collection.      An    important    collection    consisting 
mostly  of  French  Diptera  in  very  good  condition. 
Modern   collection.      Very   extensive,   containing   material 
from  all   parts   of   the   world  and   largely   worked   up   by 
Surcouf  and  Seguy. 

A  number  of  minor  collections,  such  as  the  Diptera  collec- 
tion of  Dufour,  are  still  held  intact. 

Collection    of    Herve-Bazin,    (Prof.    J.    Herve-Bazin,    Segre, 
Maine  et  Loire,  France. ) 

An  excellent  collection  of  Diptera,  mostly  of  the  Old 
World.  Contains  many  types  of  Oriental  and  African 
Syrphidae. 

Museo  Storia  Natural,  Turin,   Italy. 

Bellardi  collection  of  Mexican  Diptera.  Contains  types 
described  by  Bellardi  and  Giglio  Tos,  practically  all  "in  a 
fair  state  of  preservation. 

Collection  of   Bezzi.    (Prof.   Mario  Bezzi,   Via    Pio  Quintu   3, 
Turin,  Italy. ) 

A  remarkably  complete  collection  from  all  parts  of  the 
world  with  numerous  types  in  many  families. 


152  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May,    '26 

Royal  Zoological  Museum,  Florence,  Italy. 

Rondani  collection.  A  rather  limited  but  important  col- 
lection, chiefly  European,  in  a  fair  state  of  preservation. 

Collection  of   Becker    (Herr  Theodor  Becker,   Wissenburger- 
strasse   13,  Liegnitz,  Germany.) 

A  fine  collection  of  European  and  Asiatic  Diptera  with 
many  types. 

British  Museum  of  Natural  History,  London,  England. 

Contains  a  number  of  very  important  collections  of  Dip- 
tera, the  most  noted  of  which  are  the  Walker  collection, 
the  Bigot  types  of  Syrphidae  and  Tabanidae,  the  Biologia 
Centrali-Americana  material  and  a  very  extensive  modern 
collection  of  Diptera  from  all  parts  of  the  world. 


A  New  and  Inexpensive  Lining  for  Insect  Boxes. 

Cork  or  compressed  cork  in  sheets  has  long  been  used  for 
lining  the  bottom  of  insect  cases,  but  it  is  rather  expensive 
and  generally  has  to  be  pieced  together.  Compressed  turf  or 
peat  has  also  been  employed.  In  the  West  where  the  Yucca 
plant  stock  is  available,  its  pith  is  sometimes  used  for  this 
purpose  by  first  being  thoroughly  dried  and  then  sawed  into 
desirable  slabs,  but  these  slabs  never  make  a  smooth  looking 
job  in  the  bottom  of  one's  boxes. 

Recently  a  compressed  cane-fibre-board  material  under  the 
trade  name  of  celotex  has  been  put  on  the  market.  It  is 
not  made  as  an  entomological  product  but  is  used  by  the 
building  trade  people  as  a  substitute  for  interior  wall-board 
in  place  of  lath  and  plaster.  It  originally  comes  in  big  sheets, 
Y§  inch  thick,  by  4  feet  wide,  by  various  sizes  up  to  12  feet 
in  length.  Almost  any  lumber  yard  or  building  supply  company 
has  it  for  sale  at  less  than  3  cents  a  square  foot  sawed  to  cus- 
tomers' desired  size.  Insect  pins  when  pushed  into  it  never 
pull  or  "grab"  when  being  extracted  and  yet  they  hold  firm. 
This  is  an  advantage  over  cork  which  is  also  more  expensive. 
The  material  saws  up  easily,  lies  rigidly  flat  in  the  bottom 
of  a  box,  is  insect  proof,  very  light  in  weight  and  takes  thick 
glued  paper  readily.  I  have  used  celotex  for  several  years 
and  prefer  it  to  any  other  lining.  Also  when  mailing  speci- 
mens of  pinned  insects,  it  makes  a  good  bottom  for  the  segar 
boxes.  The  Celotex  Co..  645  No.  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago, 
III,  will  undoubtedly  be  glad  to  send  samples  to  anyone  inter- 
ested enough  to  write  in  for  them. 

J.  D.  GUXDER,  Pasadena,  Calif. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  MAY,  1926. 


Anniversary    Congratulations    to    Vienna. 

Years  ago.  when,  as  a  high  school  hoy,  we  first  frequented 
the  rooms  occupied  hy  the  American  Entomological  Society, 
then  on  the  first  floor  of  the  building  of  the  Academy  of  Nat- 
ural Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  we  saw  in  the  lihrary  a  row  of 
thick  volumes  whose  titles  were  sure  to  he  imprinted  on  a 
youngster's  memory:  V erhandlungen  dcr  kaiserlich-koniglichen 
zoologisch-botanischen  Gesellschaft  in  JTicn. 

Later,  as  our  studies  of  dragonflies  led  us  to  the  world's 
literature  on  those  insects,  we  came  to  know  some  of  the  I'cr- 
handlungen  for  the  papers  of  Friedrich  Moritz  JJrauer  which 
they  contain. 

Still  later.  March  7,  1X96,  thanks  to  the  kindness  of  Dr. 
Anton  1  landlirsch.  we  were  admitted  to  the  library  of  the 
Gesellschaft  itself,  small,  dark  rooms  on  the  third  floor  of 
\Yollzeile  Strasse  12,  in  Vienna,  and  spent  nearly  two  hours 
examining  some  books  which  we  had  not  been  able  to  find  at 
Berlin. 

Having,  then,  these  personal  points  of  contact  with  this 
tamous  society  which,  as  noticed  elsewhere  in  this  issue  of  the 
\K\VS,  will  soon  celebrate  the  seventy-fifth  anniversary  of  its 
foundation,  we  are  especially  glad  to  offer  the  congratulations 
and  best  wishes  of  the  Xi-:\vs  and  of  The  American  Entomol- 
ogical Society  to  our  Corresponding  Gesellschaft  on  this  happy 
occasion. 


75th  Anniversary,  Zoological-Botanical  Society. 
The  Zoologisch-Botanische  Gesellschaft  in  Vienna  plans  to 
celebrate  its  seventy-five  anniversary  on  May  12,  1926,  and 
is  inviting  the  participation  of  scientific  societies,  academies 
and  institutes,  especially  those  with  which  it  has  had  scien- 
tific relations,  in  the  ceremonies.  These  will  consist  of  a  meet- 
ing at  11  A.  M.  in  the  great  hall  of  the  L'niversity.  presided 
over  by  Dr.  Anton  I  landlirsch,  the  well  known  entomologist. 
author  of  Die  Fossilcn  fnscktcn  and  of  the  taxonomic  volume 
of  Schroder's  Haiidhncli  dcr  l:iit<>in<>!<>^i,'.  After  greetings 
from  various  sources.  Prof.  Dr.  Richard  Wettstein  will  deliver 
an  address  on  "Seventy  Five  Years  of  Biology."  At  7.30  p.  m. 
a  banquet  will  be  held  in  the  hotel  "Zum  Silbernen  I'.runnen." 

153 


154  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '26 

Personal  Mention. 

Dr.  R.  J.  TILLYARD,  Chief  of  the  Biological  Dept.,  Cawthron 
Institute,  Nelson,  New  Zealand,  expects  to  be  away  from  the 
Institute  from  February  to  November,  1926,  on  a  visit  to 
America  and  Europe.  Mail  to  reach  him  from  April  15  to 
end  of  September  should  be  addressed:  care  of  The  High 
Commissioner  for  New  Zealand,  New  Zealand  House  Strand, 
London,  W.  C.  2.,  England. 


A  Generic  Correction   (Lepidoptera). 

Astcrocampa  Rober.    Logotype  Apatura  celtis  Bdv.  &  Lee. 

1916.    Rober,  in  Seitz,  Macrolep.  (2),  V,  p.  549. 
Cdtiphaga  B.  &  Linds.     Orthotype  Apatnra  celtis  Bdv.  &  Lee. 

1922.     Barnes  and  Lindsey,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.  XV,  p.  92. 

Apparently  Barnes  and  Lindsey,  in  their  investigation  of 
our  generic  names,  overlooked  Rober's  action  pointed  out 
above.  As  Rober  failed  to  designate  a  type  for  his  new  name, 
1  select  celtis  Bdv.  &  Lee.  in  an  endeavor  to  simplify  this 
generic  muddle  as  much  as  possible. 

D.  M.  BATES,  Ft.  Lauderdale,  Florida. 


Notes  on  the  Prey  of  Asilidae  (Dipt.). 

Asilidae  are  in  general  supposed  to  capture  their  prey  while 
in  flight.  The  following  notes,  though  some  of  them  do  not 
necessarily  conflict  with  the  general  habits  of  the  family,  add 
interesting  variations  to  the  known  methods  of  feeding. 

Psilocunts  nudiusculus  Loew. — A  male  of  this  species  was 
captured  near  Brownwood,  Texas,  June  29th,  with  an  immature 
Lycosid  impaled  on  its  proboscis.  The  Asilid  was  found  on 
several  occasions  resting  on  the  low  branches  of  cone  flowers 
(Ratibida  coluinnaris)  which  skirt  a  dusty  roadside  where 
these  robberflies  closely  match  the  color  of  the  half  dead,  dusty 
leaves.  A  female  feeding  on  the  Cercopid,  Clastoptera  .vantlio- 
ccphala  Gerun.,  was  taken  at  Austin,  Texas. 

Era.v  barbatus  Fab. — At  Magnolia  Beach,  near  Port  Lavaca, 
Texas,  on  July  13th.  I  took  a  female  of  this  species  with  a  jump- 
ing spider  as  its  prey.  The  arachnid  was  an  adult  male  of  the 
southern  variety  of  Pcllcncs  agilis  Bks.  The  same  morning  I 
took  a  male,  Era.r  barbatus,  as  the  prey  of  another  Asilid,  the 
male  of  Dcroinyia  syinniacha  Loew.  (  ?).  Both  of  these  latter 
species  were  plentiful  on  the  shell  beach. 

Thus  on  two  different  occasions,  spiders  have  been  taken  as 
the  food  of  robberflies,  but  in  both  cases  the  insects  were  those 
that  hunt  their  prey  near  the  ground.  Both  the  spiders  have  the 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  155 

habit  of  ballooning"  and  one  of  jumping  so  that  they  might  have 
been  seized  in  the  air  as  is  the  ordinary  prey  of  the  Asilidae.  I 
am  indebted  to  Dr.  W.  M.  Barrows  for  the  identification  of  the 
spiders  and  to  Dr.  Herbert  Osborn  for  the  Cercopid. 

REGINALD  H.  PAINTER,  Ohio  State  University. 


Entomological    Literati-ire 

COMPILED  BY   E.   T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Ajachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  bpginnins:  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

4 — Canadian   Entomologist.     5 — Psyche.     8 — The   Ento- 
mologist's Monthly  Magazine.    9 — The  Entomologist.    10— 
Proc.,  Ent.  Soc.  Washington.     14 — Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Frank- 
furt a.  M.  17 — Ent.  Rundschau,  Stuttgart.     18 — Internation- 
ale Ent.   Zeit.,   Guben.     25 — Bull.,  Soc.  Ent.   France.    26— 
Ent.   Anzeiger,   Wien.      28— Ent.    Ticlskrift,    Upsala.      33- 
Bull.  et  Annal.  Soc.  Ent.     Belgique.     45 — Zeit.  f.   \Yissen- 
schftl.   Insekentb.,    Berlin.    48 — Wiener   Entomol.   Zeitung. 
49 — Ent.    Mitteilungen,    Berlin.     50 — Proc.    U.    S.    National 
Mus.    75 — Annals  and  Mag.  of  Nat.  History,  London.    79— 
Koleopterolog.    Rundschau,    Wien.     89 — Zool.    Jahrbucher, 
Jena.    104 — Zeit.  f.  Wissen.  Zool.,  Leipzig.    105 — Proc.,  Biol. 
Soc.    Washington.     107 — Biologisches    Zentralblatt.     130— 
Ohio  Jour,  of  Sciences.    135 — Quart.  Jour.  Microscop.  Sci. 
142 — Arch.  Zool.   Exper.  et  Gen.,   Paris.      149 — Ann.   Trop. 
Med.  &  Parasit.,  Liverpool. 

GENERAL. — Heinrich,  R. — Zur  richtigen  betonung  der 
harte  zeiten. — 49,  xv,  1-6.  Jost,  H. —  Ueberziehen  der  auslag- 
lateinischen  namen. — 14,  xxxix,  167-8.  Horn,  W. — 'U'eluT 
en  bei  sammlungskasten. — 14,  xxxix,  179-80.  Kieffer,  J.  J. 
Obituary — 8,  Ixii,  44.  Lundblad,  O. — En  utmarkt  prepara- 
tionsmethod  for  mikroarthropoder. — 28,  xlvi,  1-6.  McDun- 
nough,  J.  H. — The  Canadian  national  collection  of  insects.— 


156  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  ''26 

Can.  Field-Nat.,  xl,  36-40.  Meissner,  O. — Bemerkung  iiber 
die  betonung  der  latein.  namen. — 14,  xxxix,  180.  Nomencla- 
ture. A  resolution  passed  at  the  Third  International  Con- 
gress of  Entomology,  regarding  the  requirements  to  publish- 
ing new  generic  names. — 9,  lix,  41-2.  Raffray,  A. — Memorie 
e  note,  [portrait] — Atti  Pont.  Ac.  Sci.,  N.  Lincei,  Ixxvii, 
72-5.  Scheerpeltz,  O. — Das  legen  von  profilschnitten  als 
methode  zur  auffindung  von  terrikolen  insekten. — 79,  xii, 
10-15.  Schroder,  C. — Handbuch  der  entomologie.  Bd.  II, 
pp.  1-160.  Biologie.  Seamans,  H.  L. — A  simple  insect  rear- 
ing cage. — 4,  Iviii,  27-8.  Seitz,  A. — Xach  zehn  jahren. — 17, 
xliii,  5-8.  Study,  E. — Ueber  einige  mimetische  fliegen.— 
89,  xlii,  Allg.  Zoo]..  421-7.  Theobald,  F.  V.— Biographical 
note  with  portrait. — 149,  xx,  p.  iii.  Weese,  A.  O.— -"Super- 
tidal"  animal  communities  in  the  Puget  Sound  Region.— 
Univ.  Okla.  Bui.,  v,  95-7.  Weiss  &  West.— The  insects  and 
plants  of  a  strip  of  New  Jersey  coast. — 5,  xxxii,  231-43. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  MEDICAL,  ETC.— 
Bowen,  R.  H. — A  suggestion  concerning  the  interpretation 
of  Prof.  Voinov's  "appareil  spherulaire."- — 142,  Ixv,  1-4. 
Cleveland,  L.  R. — Symbiosis  among  animals  with  special 
reference  to  termites  and  their  intestinal  flagellates. — Quart. 
Rev.  Biology,  i,  51-60.  Craft,  W.  A. — Linkage  relations  in 
animals.— Univ.  Okla.  Bui.,  v,  97-99.  Eastham,  L.— Peris- 
talsis in  the  malpighian  tubules  of  diptera,  preliminary  ac- 
count: with  note  on  the  elimination  of  calcium  carbonate. 

-135,  Ixix.  385-98.  Hasebroek, — Industriemelanismus. — 18, 
xix,  330-32.  Heymons,  R. — Ueber  eischalensprenger  und 
den  vorgang  des  schluepfens  aus  der  eischale  bei  den  insek- 
ten.— 107,  xlvi,  51-63.  Meissner,  O. — Industriemelanismus? 

-18,  xix.  339-40.  Muller,  H.  J. — Induced  crossing-over 
variation  in  the  X -chromosome  of  Drosophila. — Am.  Nat., 
Ix,  192-5.  Richards  &  Robson. — The  species  problem  and 
evolution. — Nature,  cxvii,  345-7  (cont.)  Snodgrass,  R.  E.— 
Morphology  of  insect  sense  organs  and  the  sensory  nervous 
system. — Smiths.  Miss.  Coll.,  Ixxvii,  No.  8. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Smith  &  Young. 

-Distribution  of  spiders  as  correlated  with  environmental 
factors.— Univ.  Okla:  Bull..  90-1. 

(N)  *Chamberlin,  R.  V. — Two  new  American  chilo- 
pods.— 105,  xxxix,  9-10. 

(S)      *Leitao,    M. — Polyxenidas    do    Brasil. —  Bol.    Mus. 

Nac.  R.  d.  Janeiro,  ii,  51-62, 

I 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  157 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Annand, 
P.  N. — Thysanoptera  and  the  pollination  of  flowers.- -  \m. 
Nat,  lx,  177-82. 

CX)  Lestage,  J.  A. —  Notes  trichopterologiques.  IX. 
Etude  du  groupe  Psychomyidien  et  catalogue  systemati<|u<- 
des  genres  et  especes  decrits  depuis,  1907  (in  (ienera  Jn- 
sectorum).  Pt.  1.— 33,  Ivx.  363-86.  Snyder,  T.  E.— Races  or 
subspecies  in  Reticulitermes. — 105,  xxxviii,  1-6.  *Walker, 
E.  M. — The  X.  .American  dragonflies  of  the  genus  Somato- 
chlora. — Univ.  Toronto,  Biol.  Ser.,  No.  26.  2U2pp. 

(S)  *Brues,  C.  T. — Notes  on  Neotropical  Onychophora- 
5,  xxxii,  159-65.  *Snyder,  T.  E. — Change  of  name  in  Isop- 
tera. — 10,  xxviii,  51. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Crampton,  G.  C.— External  anatomy 
of  the  head  and  abdomen  of  the  roach  Periplaneta  amcri- 
cana. — 5,  xxxii,  195-226.  Eisentraut,  M. — Die  spermato- 
gonialen  teilungen  bei  Acridiern  mit  besonderer  beruck- 
sichtigung  der  iiber  kreuzungsfiguren. — 104,  cxxvii,  141-83. 

(N)  Salfi,  M. — Osservazioni  sulla  ecologia  di  alcune 
specie  di  Locustidae  e  Phasgonuridae.— Bol.  Soc.  Nat.. 
Xapoli,  xxx vi,  129-52. 

HEMIPTERA.— Mueller,     G.— Ueber     einige     missbild- 
ungen  bein  heteropterem. — 45,  xxi,  10-22.  Richards,  O.  W.— 
An   American   aphid    new   to  the    British   list    I  Melanoxan- 
therium   bicolor). — 9,  lix,  40.         Tillyard,  R.  J. —  (see  under 
Diptera.) 

(N)  DeLong,  D.  M. — Type  and  venation  of  wings  as 
factors  in  separating  certain  deltocephaloid  genera  (  la-- 
sidae). — 130,  xxvi,  42-8.  Stoner,  D. — Pentatomoidea  from 
western  Canada. — 4,  Iviii,  28-30. 

(S)      *Horvath,     G.  -  -  Wissenschaftliche     ergebn.     der 
schwed.  entomolog.  reise  des  A.  Roman  in  Ama/mias.    Tin- 
gitidae. — 28,  xlvi,  219-20  *Osborn,  H. — Neotropical  Hom<>p- 
tera   of   the   Carnegie    Museum.     Subfamilv    Cicadellinae.- 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  xvi,  155-238. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Cockayne,  E.  A.— Xotodonta  drome- 
darius  in  inverted  position  in  pupal  case-. — 9,  lix.  3().  Dur- 
ken,  B. — Farbungsvariation  der  kohlweisslingspuppen  i  Pier- 
is  brassicae)  aus  normaler  umgebung  und  nach  einwir- 
kung  farbigen  lichtcs,  in  <|uantitati\  c-r  darstellung. —  Mem. 
Pont.  Ac.  Sci.,  X.  Lincei,  (2),  vii,  251-73.  Hanstrom,  B.- 


158  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '26 

Comparison  between  the  brains  of  the  newly  hatched  larva 
and  the  imago  of  Pieris  brassicae. — 28,  xlvi,  41-52.  Meder, 
O. — Ueber  die  kennzeichnungf  von  weisslingen  zwecks  er- 

^i  » 

fassung  ihrer  wanderungen. — 18,  xix.  325-30.    Metzner,  A. 

— Feinde  gespannter  schmetterlinge. — 26,  vi,  25-6.    Torka, 
V. — Der  kiimmel  als  nahrpflanze  des  schwalbenschwanzes. 

-18,  xix.  337-9. 

(N)  *Braun,  A.  F. — New  microlepidoptera  from  Alberta 
and  Manitoba. — 4,  Iviii,  46-50.  Crumb,  S.  E. — Xearctic  bud- 
worms  of  the  lepidopterous  genus  Heliothis. — 50,  Ixviii,  Art. 
16.  von  Dalla  Torre  et  Strand. —  Lepidopterorum  catalogus 
Pars  31  :  Aegeriidae.  van  Ecke,  R. — Lepidopterorum  cata- 
logus. Pars  32  :  Cochlidionidae  (  Limacodidae).  *Heinrich, 
C. — A  new  Coleophora  from  New  York. — 10,  xxviii,  52. 
;;:Heinrich,  C. — Revision  of  the  N.  American  moths  of  the 
subfamilies  Laspeyresiinae  and  Olethreutinae. — Bui.  U.  S. 
.N.  M.,  132,  216pp.  de  Joannis,  J. — Sur  la  synonymic  de 
quelques  du  genre  Psara.  (Pyralidae). — 25,  1925,  286-90. 

(S)      *Meyrick,  E. — Exotic  microlepidoptera.    Vol.  3,  pp. 
161-256.    Michael,  O. — Ueber  einige  uebergangsformen  von 
Agrias  phalcidon  zu  Hewitsonius. — 14,  xxxix,  161-2  (Cont.) 
*Niepelt,    W. — Eine    neue    Heliconius-form    von    Bolivia.— 
18,   xix,   337.     Study,   E. — Die   gattung  Tithorea   und   ihre 
nachahmer.— 89,  xlii,  Allg.  Zool.,  428-40.  *Tams,  W.  H.  T. 
—A  new  sp.  of  the  genus  Dalcera  from  Peru  (Dalceridae). 
-9,  lix,  35. 

DIPTERA.— Hefley,  H.  M.— Parasite  of  the  larva  of  the 
tomato  worm  moth  :  Protoparce  quinquemaculatus. — Univ. 
Okla.  Bull.,  v,  77-80.  Wagner,  W.— Ban  und  funktion  des 
atmungs-systems  der  kriebelmueckenlarven. — 89,  xlii,  Allg. 
Zool.,  441-86.  Tillyard,  R.  j.— The  rhaetic  "crane-flies" 
from  So.  America  not  diptera  but  Homoptera. — -Am.  Jour. 
Sci.,  265-72. 

(N)  *Bromley,  S.  W. — The  bremus  resembling  Mallo- 
phorae  of  the  southwestern  U.  S.  (Asilidae). — 5,  xxxii, 
190-4.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— The  eocene  fossil  fly  Eophle- 
bomyia. — 5,  xxxii,  229-30.  Johannsen,  C.  A. — Notes  on 
Walker's  types  of  No.  American  Mycetophilidae. — 4,  Iviii. 
51-2.  Van  Du;:ee,  M.  C. — New  sps.  of  No.  American  Doli- 
chopodidae. — 5,  xxxii,  178-89. 

(S)  *Lengersdorf,  F. — Ueber  die  gattung  Euricrium. 
(Lestremiinae  ). — 48,  xlii,  92-4.  Pinto,  C. — -Estudos  sobrr 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  159 

siphonapteros   <>u   "pulgas,"   "Stenopsylla  cunhai"   n.   sp.— 
Bol.  In st.  Brasileiro  de  Sci.,  i,  No.  3,  p.  3-7. 

COLEOPTERA.— Brauer,  A.— Further  notes  on  tin-  im- 
position of  Bruchus  and  the  orientation  of  the  embryo  in 
the  egg  during-  development. — Univ.  Okla.  Bull.,  v.  74-6. 
Chittenden,  F.  H. — Xotes  on  the  behavior  of  Cotinis  nitida 
and  its  bird  enemies. — 105,  xxxviii,  15-18.  Lewis,  H.  C. 
Alimentary  canal  of  Passalus. — 130,  xxvi,  11-24.  Mjoberg, 
E. — The  mystery  of  the  so-called  "trilobite  larvae"  or  "For- 
ty's larvae"  definitely  solved. — 5,  xxxii,  119-58.  Zanon,  V. 
— Apparato  boecale  della  "Epicometis  squalida"  coleottero 
Jannoso  agli  ortaggi  a  Bengasi. — Atti  Font.  Ac.  Sci.,  X. 
Lincei,  Ixxvii,  46-52. 

(N)      Brown,  W.  J. — Xotes  on  the  Oklahoma  species  of 
Onthophagus.— Univ.  Okla.  Bui.,  v,  99-101.     Raffray,  A, 
Etude  sur  la  distribution  geographique  des  coleopteres  de 
la  famille  des  Pselaphides. — Mem.  Font.  Ac.  Sci.  X.  Lincei, 
(2),  vii,  1-158.    Wallis,  J.  B. — -Status  of  Gyrinus  piceolus.— 
4,  Iviii,  50. 

(S)  *Benderitter,  E. — Rutelides  nouveaux  de  Colombie. 
-25,  1925,  2-16-9.  *Bowditch,  F.  C.— Xotes  on  Galerucinae 
in  my  collection. — 5,  xxxii,  244-64.  *Luederwaldt,  H.— 
Novas  especies  do  genero  Pinotus  (Coprinae). — Bol.  Mus. 
Nac.  R.  d.  Janeiro,  ii,  67-9.  *Mann,  W.  M. — Guests  of  Eci- 
ton  hamatum  collected  by  YY.  H.  \\'heeler. — 5,  xxxii,  166-77. 
*Thery,  A. — Descriptions  de  nouvelles  especes  de  Bupres- 
tides. — An.  AIus.  Civ.  St.  Nat.  Giacomo  Doria,  H,  109-13. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Cushman,    R.   A.— Address   of   the 

retiring  president :  Some  types  of  parasitism  among  the 
Ichneumonidae.  10,  xxviii,  25-51.  Hicks,  C.  H. — A  gynan- 
dromorphic  bee  of  the  genus  Dianthidium. — Am.  Nat.,  Ix, 
199-200.  Parkar,  G.  H. — Weight  of  vegetation  transported 
by  tropical  fungus  ants. — 5,  xxxii,  227-8. 

(X)  "Bradley,  J.  C. — Two  n.  sps.  of  Chelogynus  from 
Xew  York  state  (Dryinidae. — 105,  xxxix,  7-8.  *Cushman, 
R.  A. — Ten  new  Xo.  American  ichneumon  ilies. — 50,  Ixvii, 
Art.  23.  *Malloch,  J.  R.— Systematic  notes  on  and  descrip- 
tions of  X.  Am.  wasps  of  the  subfamily  Brachvcistiinae.-- 
50,  Ixviii.  Art.  3 

fS)     *Cockerell,   T.   D.   A.— The   black   bees   of    Feru.- 
9,  lix.  28-9.    *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. —  Descriptions  and  records 
of  bees.    -C  A" III.— 75,  xvii.  214-26. 


160  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Alay,  '26 

SPECIAL  NOTICES. 

Lambillionea.  This  is  the  new  title  of  the  Revue  Men- 
suelle  cle  Societe  Entomologique  Namuroise,  beginning"  with 
Annee  26  (1926). 

Synopsis  des  Curculionides  cle  Madagascar.  Par.  A.  Hus- 
tacc  (Bui.  Acad.  Malgache  (Ser.  Nov.),  vii,  1924,  582pp. 
This  extensive  work  does  not  figure  any  species.  Its  tax- 
onomy may  interest  students  of  this  family  of  Coleoptera. 


R.  TORRES  ROJAS.  ESTUDIOS  ENTOMOLOGICOS  LEPIDOPTEROS 
(  Divulgacion  cientifico-literaria )  Cartago.  1925  Imp.  Trejos 
Hermanos  San  Jose,  Cfosta]  Rficaj.  72  pp.  Laminas  I-III. 
With  the  colaboration  of  Senores  M.  Yincenzi,  A.  G.  M. 
( iillott  and  C.  H.  Lankester,  Sefior  Torres  Rojas  has  brought 
together  in  this  little  volume  brief  essays  on  the  Lepidoptera 
under  such  titles  as  Floating  Powder  [of  wing  scales].  Wings, 
Legs  of  a  Butterfly,  Luminous  Heads,  Life  of  the  Lepidop- 
tera ( including  Invasions  of  Butterflies  in  Costa  Rica  by  Air. 
Gillott),  Means  of  Protection,  Injuries  and  Usefulness,  Costa 
Rican  Entomology  by  Mr.  Lankester.  A  noteworthy  feature 
is  the  three  plates  which  figure,  in  black  and  white  half  tone, 
46  species  of  Rhopalocera  (lam.  i,  ii )  and  34  species  of  Het- 
erocera  (lam.  iii )  frequently  found  in  Costa  Rica.  The  ex- 
planation of  the  plates  gives  briefly  the  colors  of  each  species, 
so  that  the  photographic  figures,  although  but  one-sixth  natural 
size,  should  enable  one  to  identify  them  readily.  To  an  ento- 
mologist visiting  Costa  Rica  this  pamphlet  should  be  very 
useful,  even  though  he  know  but  little  Spanish. 

P.  P.  CALVERT. 

Uv/;s  OBITUARY. 

Louis  BARTHOLOMEW  WOODRUFF,  known  for  his  work  on 
Odonata,  Membracidae  and  Coleoptera,  born  in  New  York 
City,  January  1,  1868,  died  at  Torrington,  Connecticut,  Novem- 
ber 27,  1925.  An  obituary  notice  and  a  list  of  his  publications 
on  insects  are  contained  in  the  Journal  of  the  New  York 
Entomological  Society  for  March,  1926.  He  bequeathed 
$10,000  to  the  New  York  Society,  the  income  from  which  is 
to  be  used  by  it  in  furthering  the  publication  of  papers  on 
entomology. 


JUNE,  1926 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXXVII 


No.  6 


JAMKS  RIDINGS 
1803-1880 


CONTENTS 

Editorial — Ezra  Townsend  Cresson 161 

Blatchley — Some  New  Miridae  from  the  Eastern  United  States      ...  163 
Didlake — Observations  on  the  Life- Histories  of  Two  Species  of  Praying 

Mantis  (Orthopt. :   Mantidae) .  169 

Hatch — Thomas  Lincoln  Casey  as  a  Coleopterist 175 

Fox — Conocephalus  nigropleurus  (Bruner)  in  Pennsylvania  (Orthopt.)  180 

Personal  Mention 181 

Ferris — Collecting  Homoptera  in  Mexico 182 

Entomological  Literature 183 

Review — Fernald's  Applied  Entomology •  .    .  188 

Doings  of  Societies — The  American  Entomological  Society 189 

Kansas  Entomological  Society 190 

Obituary— Dr.  Ernst  Evald  Bergroth 190 

Benjamin  Pickman  Mann 192 

Dr.  Henry  Skinner 192 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  VI. 


EZRA  TOWNSEND  CRESSON  (DECEMBER,  1895). 


JNTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XXXVII  JUNE,   1926  Xo.  6 

EZRA   TOWNSEND    CRESSON. 

(Portrait,  Plate  VI.) 

EZRA  TOWNSEND  CRESSON  died  on  April  19,  1926,  in  his 
eighty-eighth  year,  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  E.  T.  Cresson, 
Jr.,  at  Swarthmore,  Pennsylvania. 

With  James  Ridings  and  George  Newman,  he  founded  The 
Entomological  Society  of  Philadelphia  in  February,  1859 
(name  changed  to  The  American  Entomological  Society  in 
1867).  Of  this  Society  he  served  as  Recording  Secretary  one 
year  (1859),  as  Corresponding  Secretary,  sixteen  years  (1859- 
1874),  as  Curator,  eight  years  (1866-1874),  as  Editor  of  the 
Transactions,  forty-two  years  (1871-1912),  as  Treasurer,  fifty 
years  (1874-1924). 

In  1861  lie  began  a  series  of  catalogues,  synopses  and  mono- 
graphs of  the  Hymenoptera  of  North  America,  numbering 
sixty-five  papers  by  1882,  and  summarized  in  a  comprehensive 
Synopsis  of  the  Families  and  Genera  of  the  PJ\menoptcra  of 
America  north  of  Mexico  [together  with  a  Catalogue  of  tin- 
described  species,  and  Bibliography],  published  in  1887. 

From  August,  1865,  to  October,  1866,  he  edited  The  I'ructicul 
Entomologist,  "A  Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  Entomological  So- 
ciety of  Philadelphia  for  gratuitous  distribution  among  Farmers 
and  Agriculturists,"  the  first  journal  devoted  to  Economic  En- 
tomology published  in  the  United  States. 

He  headed  the  Publication  Committee  of  The  American 
Entomological  Society  which,  on  November  28,  1889,  recom- 
mended the  establishment  of  Entomological  AV?*.'.s\  For  thirty- 
seven  years  his  name  has  appeared  on  the  cover  of  this  journal 
as  one  of  its  Advisory  Committee. 

On  February  15.  1909,  the  Society  celebrated  the  fiftieth  anni- 
versary of  its  foundation  and  adopted  a  resolution  containing. 
inter  alia,  these  words:  "It  especially  rejoices  in  the  presence 
tonight  of  one  of  the  three  founders  of  the  Society,  Mr.  E.  T. 

161 


162  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '26 

Cresson,  who  from  the  very  first  has  continuously  exerted  him- 
self in  its  interests, and  with  his  own  hands  set  type 

for  its  publications,  besides  composing  long  series  of  entomo- 
logical memoirs,  principally  upon  the  Hymenoptera,  which  have 
given  to  him  and  to  the  Society  an  honorable  distinction,  both 
at  home  and  abroad.  To  many  a  younger  student  he  has  kindly 
given  his  aid,  his  advice  and  his  example.  He  has  encouraged 
and  furthered  the  progress  of  entomology  in  the  United  States 
far  beyond  the  limits  of  his  home  by  his  activity  as  author  and 
by  his  gift  of  his  most  important,  valuable  and  extensive  col- 
lection of  Hymenoptera  to  this  Society.  Thankful  for  all  his 
unceasing  labors,  this  Society  now  places  upon  its  records,  in 
his  presence,  its  deep  appreciation  of  his  services  and  extends  to 
him  its  best  wishes  for  many  additional  years  of  life  and  happi- 
ness in  that  field  of  science  which  he  has  cultivated  so  long  and 
so  well." 

Those  who  were  associated  with  him  in  this  Society,  in  the 
conduct  of  its  Transactions  and  of  the  News,  recalling  his  un- 
selfish devotion,  his  amiable  and  gentle  character,  can  not  but 
feel  a  sense  of  deep  loss  in  his  departure  from  among  us. 

Ezra  Townsend  Cresson,  son  of  Warder  and  Elizabeth 
(Townsend)  Cresson,  was  born  June  18,  1838,  at  Byberry, 
Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania.  Ever  reticent  of  his  personal 
history  he  left  few  memoranda  of  his  early  life,  even  to  his 
family.  The  active  interest  of  Dr.  Thomas  B.  Wilson  in  the 
Entomological  Society  of  Philadelphia  led  to  some  financial 
connection  of  Ezra  Cresson  with  that  philanthropist,  terminated 
by  the  latter's  death  in  March,  1865.  Cresson  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Franklin  Fire  Insurance  Company  of  Philadelphia 
in  1869.  In  October,  1878,  he  was  elected  its  Secretary,  a  posi- 
tion which  he  held  until  his  resignation  on  February  16.  1910, 
for  reasons  of  health.  In  1859,  he  married  Mary  Ann  Ridings, 
daughter  of  his  co-founder  of  the  Entomological  Society,  and 
had  four  sons  and  one  daughter,  two  of  whom,  George  Bring- 
hurst  Cresson  ( died  October  18,  1919)  and  Ezra  Townsend 
Cresson,  Jr.,  have  also  taken  an  active  interest  in  entomology. 
The  first  number  of  the  Memoirs  of  the  American  Entomo- 


XXXVU,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS  1  ( .3 

logical  Society  (1916)  consists  of  a  paper  by  Ezra  Townsend 
Cresson,  entitled  The  Cresson  T\pcs  of  Hymenoptera,  giving 
an  alphabetical  list,  under  each  family,  of  the  species  described 
by  him,  with  reference  to  the  original  description,  sex.  number 
of  the  type-specimen,  as  recorded  in  the  catalogue  of  types  in 
the  collection  of  the  society,  locality  and  condition  of  the  speci- 
mens as  found  during  the  winter  of  1913-14.  It  is  there  stated 
that  types  of  2737  species  are  enumerated.  Following  it  is  a  list 
of  the  author's  entomological  writings  "arranged  in  chrono- 
logical order  and  numbered  consecutively,  to  enable  the  student 
to  locate  the  papers  in  which  the  types  are  described." 

Method  and  order  were  among  the  most  marked  characteris- 
tics of  Ezra  T.  Cresson  and  this  paper  of  1916  furnishes  an 
almost  complete  guide  and  index  to  his  original  work  on  the 
insects  he  studied  so  faithfully. 

Further  details  of  his  entomological  labors  are  reserved  for 
publication  in  the  society's  Transactions.  Any  one  having  let- 
ters from  him  which  would  add  to  the  value  and  interest 
thereof  are  requested  to  lend  them  to  the  Editor  of  the  \ii\vs 
for  copy  or  extract.  Such  will  be  returned  promptly. 


Some  New  Miridae  from  the  Eastern  United  States. 

BY  W.  S.  BLATCHLEJY,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 
During  the  continuation  of  the  work  on  my  Manual  of 
Heteroptera  I  have  found  in  my  collection  of  Miridae,  or 
among  those  sent  me  for  examination,  a  number  of  species 
which  are  apparently  new  to  science.  Of  these  six  are  named 
and  characterized  in  the  present  paper.  I'nless  otherwise- 
stated  the  types  are  in  my  private  collection. 

Subfamily  CAPSIXAE. 

Paracalocoris  novellus  sp.  nov. 

Elongate-oval.  Dark  fuscous-brown  to  black  ;  head  with  a 
vague  pale  spot  each  side  of  base  of  vertex;  eyes  brown  with 
a  pale  curved  line  behind  and  beneath;  pronotum  fuscous  or 
blackish  with  a  wide  median  orange-red  cross-liar,  this  wid- 
ened on  sides  to  cover  side  margins  behind  the  collar  and 
with  median  ray  projected  backward,  the  latter  sometimes 


164  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '26 

reaching  on  to  scutellum  and  dividing  the  black  of  basal  half 
of  pronotum  into  two  large  spots;  concavities  behind  calli 
present  but  without  black  spots;  scutellum  either  wholly  dark 
or  orange-red  with  dark  side  margins;  elytra  wholly  black, 
the  membrane  fuscous;  legs  black  or  fuscous,  the  basal  halves 
of  femora  sometimes  orange-red;  tarsi  fuscous-brown  or  paler; 
antennae  black  with  apical  segment  dull  white,  the  basal  seg- 
ment sometimes  with  an  orange  base. 

Joint  1  of  antennae  about  as  long  as  pronotum,  thickly 
clothed  with  long,  forward-inclined,  bristle-like  hairs  ;  2  nearly 
twice  as  long  as  1,  3  slightly  shorter  and  distinctly  stouter 
than  4.  Pronotum  and  elytra  thinly  clothed  with  very  fine, 
grayish,  appressed  hairs.  Hind  tibiae  with  scattered  hairs 
which  in  no  way  obscure  the  spines.  Length  to  tip  of  mem- 
brane, 7.5-8  mm. 

Dunedin,  Bassenger  and  Lake  Wales,  Florida,  February  27- 
April  19.  Nine  examples  beaten  from  foliage  of  oak  and  bay 
along  the  margins  and  paths  of  dense  moist  hammocks.  Easily 
known  from  all  described  North  American  species  by  the  pale 
fourth  antennal,  lack  of  discal  black  spots  and  peculiar  mark- 
ings of  pronotum.  Type,  a  female,  taken  at  Dunedin,  Florida, 
April  10,  1922. 

The  only  species  of  Paracalocoris  of  which  I  can  find  definite 
mention  from  Florida  is  e.vtcrnus  (H.  S.),  which  \Yalker 
( 1873,  91 )  records  from  St.  John's  Bluff  and  which  Van 
Duzee  places  as  a  variety  of  scrufcus.  McAtee  does  not  in- 
clude it  in  his  recent  Monograph  and  doubts  its  being  a  mem- 
ber of  the  genus. 

Polymerus  clandestinus  sp.  nov. 

Elongate,  subparallel.  General  color  above  fuscous-black^ 
head  with  tylus  shining  black ;  cheeks,  lorae,  a  spot  on  middle 
of  vertex  and  another  near  each  eye,  dull  yellow;  pronotum 
fuscous-black,  the  collar,  edges  of  side  margins,  area  in  front 
and  each  side  of  calli  and  a  backward  projecting  ray  between 
them,  dull  yellow;  tip  of  scutellum  yellowish;  outer  half  of 
clavus  and  basal  fourth  of  corium  usually  more  or  less  dull 
yellow ;  embolium,  anal  ridge,  outer  apical  angle  of  corium 
and  tip  of  cuneus  also  yellowish;  membrane  a  uniform  trans- 
lucent fuscous,  feebly  iridescent,  the  veins  yellow ;  legs  dull 
greenish-yellow;  hind  femora  with  two  rows  of  small,  vague, 
brownish  dots  on  outer  face  and  usually  a  brownish  ring  near 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  1(55 

apex,  sometimes  in  great  part  fuscous-brown ;  tips  of  tarsi 
and  beak  fuscous;  under  surface  dull  yellow,  the  pleura  and 
side  margins  of  ventrals  more  or  less  fuscous.  Joint  1  of 
antennae  yellow,  fuscous  near  base  and  apex,  three- fourths 
as  long1  as  basal  width  of  vertex ;  2  yellow,  the  apical  fourth 
black,  three  and  one-half  times  longer  than  1 ;  3  fuscous,  yel- 
low at  base,  one-third  longer  than  4,  the  two  united  two-thirds 
the  length  of  2.  Upper  surface  sparsely  clothed  with  decidu- 
ous, appressed,  scale-like,  yellow  hairs,  thjese  usually  con- 
densed to  form  small  patches  on  clavus  and  corium.  Pro- 
notum  of  the  usual  form  for  the  genus,  the  calli  small  but 
distinct ;  disk  very  finely  rugose,  with  minute  punctures  be- 
tween rugae.  Scutellum  finely  transversely  rugose.  Clavus 
and  corium  very  finely  punctuate.  Beak  reaching  hind  coxae. 
Length  3.5 — 3.8  mm. 

Royal  Palm  Park,  Canal  Point  and  Fort  Myers,  Florida, 
March  4 — April  8 ;  swept  in  some  numbers  from  low  herbage 
growing  in  moist  mucky  places.  Allied  to  P.  basalis  ( Reut.  ) , 
but  smaller,  more  parallel,  without  reddish  marks,  the  second 
joint  of  antennae  much  more  slender  and  a  brighter  yellow, 
the  pale  markings  of  pronotum  distinctive.  Type  a  female 
taken  at  Royal  Palm  Park,  Fla.,  March  30,  1925. 

Subfamily  ORTHOTYLINAE. 

Pilophorus  brimleyi  sp.  nov. 

Elongate,  constricted  behind  the  middle.  Head,  pronotum 
and  scutellum  dark  blackish-brown,  shining ;  clavus  with  inner 
basal  third  and  apical  half  velvety  black;  remainder,  con- 
fisting  of  an  inverse  wedge-shaped  spot  on  outer  basal  third, 
which  extends  back  and  broadens  between  the  two  velvety 
ones,  covered  with  a  bluish  bloom;  corium  without  a  trace  of 
the  usual  sub-basal  whitish  cross-bar  of  the  genus,  the  one 
on  apical  third  present  but  short,  not  reaching  claval  suture 
and  enclosed  by  a  small  bluish  area,  narrow  basal  half  and  a 
broad  cross-bar  just  behind  the  white  one  velvety  black,  area 
behind  the  velvety  bar  and  the  entire  cuneus  steel-grav  ;  mem- 
brane dusky-translucent,  the  cells  and  a  spot  behind  tip  of 
jcuneus  darker;  femora  dark  brown,  shining,  knees  rind  tips 
.of  coxae  yellowish,  tibiae  and  tarsi  pale  brown:  pleura  dark 
•iforown,  ventrals  shining  black. 

Joint  1  of  antennae  brown,  paler  at  base  and  tip,  slightly 
Ishorter  than  width  of  base  of  vertex;  2  brownish-yellow, 


166  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '26 

darker  toward  apex,  gradually  thickened  from  the  base,  four 
times  as  long  as  1  ;  3  dull  yellow,  minutely  pubescent,  two- 
fifths  as  long  as  2 ;  4  missing.  Pronotum  campanulate,  basal 
portion  strongly  and  evenly  convex,  little  longer,  but  much 
wider  and  higher  than  front  one,  minutely  granulate  or  subalu- 
taceous.  Scutellum  small,  moderately  convex.  Elytra  strongly 
constricted,  the  basal  half  of  corium  less  than  half  the  width 
of  apical  third.  Hind  tibiae,  male,  almost  twice  as  long  as 
femora,  very  slender,  slightly  flattened,  feebly  curved.  Length 
6  mm. 

Type,  a  male  in  the  collection  of  the  Division  of  Entomology, 
State  Department  of  Agriculture,  Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 
Taken  at  Windsor,  North  Carolina,  July  7,  1925.  Named  in 
honor  of  C.  S.  Brimley,  of  Raleigh,  who  has  done  much  to 
increase  our  knowledge  of  the  insects  of  his  State,  and  who 
has  furnished  many  specimens  to  aid  my  work  on  Heteroptera. 
It  differs  from  all  described  forms  of  the  genus  in  having  but 
one  whitish  cross-bar  on  corium,  in  the  form  of  the  bluish 
bloom-covered  spot  on  clavus,  in  the  distinctly  bell-shaped 
pronotum  and  very  narrow  basal  half  of  corium. 

Subfamily  BRYOCORINAE. 
Pycnoderes  convexicollis  sp.  nov. 

c? — Elongate-oval.  Head  in  great  part  fuscous,  the  cheeks 
and  a  stripe  each  side  of  vertex  dull  yellow ;  pronotum  and 
scutellum  shining  black  with  a  faint  brassy  tinge,  very  sparsely 
pubescent  with  fine  prostrate  hairs ;  elytra  opaque  with  a  bluish 
bloom  covering  most  of  the  surface,  cuneus,  a  large  oblong 
spot  near  base  of  embolium  and  a  smaller  oval  one  near  its 
apex  pale  yellow;  apical  half  of  membrane  dusky  yellow,  its 
veins  and  a  spot  at  base  dark  brown ;  femora  dark  brown  to 
blackish,  paler  at  base,  tibiae  pale  brown,  yellowish  toward 
tips,  coxae  and  tarsi  pale  yellow,  claws  fuscous ;  under  sur- 
face black,  sterna  coarsely  punctate,  ventrals  shining,  almost 
smooth,  minutely  pubescent. 

Joints  1  and  2  of  antennae  pale  yellow,  1  three- fourths  as 
long  as  width  of  vertex,  2  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  1,  3 
and  4  dusky,  subequal  in  length,  each  about  as  long  as  2. 
Pronotum  with  sides  and  base  subequal  in  length  ;  calli  larger 
and  much  more  prominent  with  median  groove  of  basal  half 
deeper  and  lateral  impressions  better  defined  than  in  either 
of  our  other  eastern  species;  hind  margin  almost  straight, 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  167 

feebly  notched  at  middle;  embolium  slightly  narrower  with 
margin  less  curved  than  in  dilatattts  and  with  only  a  trace  of 
the  transverse  rugae  of  that  species;  membrane  surpassing- 
abdomen  by  two-thirds  its  length. 

? — Shorter  and  more  broadly  oval  than  male;  color  much 
the  same.  Gibbosity  of  pronotum  higher,  with  median  groove 
distinctly  deeper,  the  sides  and  base  more  abruptly  declivent 
and  lateral  impressions  better  defined.  Elytra  distinctly 
shorter;  embolium  slightly  wider  and  more  reflexed,  its  mar- 
gin more  strongly  curved;  membrane  surpassing  abdomen  by 
less  than  one-third  its  length.  Length,  c?  3.5 — 3.8  mm. ;  $ 
3 — 3.2  mm. 

Marion,  Putnam,  Knox  and  Posey  counties,  Indiana,  April 
26 — September  19;  swept  in  numbers  from  low  herbage  in 
dense  upland  woods  and  in  thickets  along  the  banks  of  streams. 
Type,  a  male  taken  in  Putnam  Co.,  Indiana,  August  9,  1925. 

Our  three  eastern  species  of  Pycnodcrcs  may  be  separated 
by  the  following: 

Key  to  Eastern  Species  of  Pycnodcrcs. 

a.  Legs  pale  yellow,  the  apical  third  of  hind  femora  alone 
darker;  second  joint  of  antennae  subeqnal  in  length  to 
width  of  head;  veins  of  membrane  not  distinctly  darker 
than  the  disk. 

b.     Embolium  with  a  distinct  apical  or  subapical  pale 
spot;  costal  margin  of  elytra   feebly  curved;  pro- 
notum thickly  pubescent ;  length  3.2  mm. 

QUADRIMACULATUS  Guerin 

bb.  Embolium  with  subapical  pale  spot  very  small  or 
wanting;  costal  margin  of  elytra  strongly  curved; 
pronotum  with  pubescence  scarcely  evident ;  length 

3.5 — 4   mm DILATATI/S    Renter 

uo.  All  the  femora  in  great  part  or  wholly  blackish-brown, 
tibiae  pale  brown;  second  joint  of  antennae  distinctly  lon-er 
than  width  of  head  across  eyes ;  veins  of  membrane  dark 
brown CONVEXICOLLIS  sp.  nov. 

Sixenotus  albicornis  sp.  nov. 

Uosely  allied  to  insi^nis  Rent.  Form  more  elongate  and 
subparallel.  Head  and  pronotum  shining  black,  devoid  of  the 
subaeneous  tinge  of  insignis.  Eyltra  dark  piceous-brown. 
opaque,  subtranslucent,  minutely  pubescent.  Antennae  and 
legs  a  uniform  very  pale  yellow  or  milky  white ;  membrane 
with  cells  dark  fuscous,  apical  half  dull  white,  veins  blackish. 


168  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '26 

Pronotum  relatively  longer  and  narrower  in  front  than  in 
insignis,  its  disk  more  distinctly  obliquely  strigose  with  rows 
of  punctures  between  the  strigae,  the  punctures  coarser  and 
less  dense  than  in  insignis.  Length  3.3 — 3.5  mm. 

Palmdale,  Moore  Haven,  Royal  Palm  Park,  Everglades  and 
Dunedin,  Florida,  November  19 — April  23.  Hibernates  be- 
neath boards  and  between  basal  leaves  of  sedges  and  in  spring 
swept  from  herbage  along  the  margins  of  wet  hammocks. 
Type  a  male  from  Dunedin,  Fla.,  taken  March  28,  1921. 

Sixenotus  gracilis  sp.  nov. 

Oblong-oval.  Head,  pronotum,  scutellum  and  under  sur- 
face black,  distinctly  bronzed;  joints  1  and  2  of  antennae,  em- 
bolium  and  legs  yellow,  cuneus,  membrane  and  dilated  apex  of 
embolium  white;  veins  of  membrane  and  joints  3  and  4  of 
antennae  fuscous-brown.  , 

Eyes  larger  and  vertex  narrower  than  in  our  other  three  spe- 
cies. Joint  1  of  antennae  relatively  stout,  cylindrical,  three- 
fifths  the  length  of  2 ;  3  and  4  more  slender  than  in  insignis, 
subequal,  each  slightly  longer  than  2.  Pronotum  with  basal 
lobe  narrower,  more  convex,  more  finely  and  densely  punctate 
than  in  either  of  the  others,  the  basal  margin  broadly  rounded 
or  subtruncate.  Elytra  and  ventrals  sparsely  clothed  with 
minute  golden  yellow  hairs.  Length  2.4—2.6  mm. 

Fort  Myers  and  Hillsboro  Canal,  Florida,  March  4 — 24.  The 
type  was  sifted  from  the  debris  on  the  mucky  bottom  of  an 
extinct  wet  weather  pond  at  Fort  Myers.  Easily  known  by  its 
small  size  and  pale  embolium  and  cuneus.  Type,  a  female 
taken  at  Fort  Myers,  Fla.,  March  4,  1921. 

The  four  eastern  species  of  Sixenotus  are  separated  as  fol- 
lows:  ..u.;Ai 

A't'v   to   Eastern   Species  of  Si.venotns 

a.     Antennae   and   legs   not   wholly   black;   elytra  very   finely 
and  indistinctly  pubescent. 

b.  Cuneus  and  embolium  black;  basal  joint  of  anten- 
nae distinctly  shorter  than  width  of  vertex;  larger 
and  more  robust ;  length  3.3 — 3.5  mm. 

c.  Antennae  in  part  black  or  fuscous;  legs  dull 
yellow  more  or  less  tinged  with  fuscous : 
middle  and  hind  tibiae  with  two  va,gue- 
brown  annuli INSIGNIS  Reut. 


xxxvii,  '26]  i. \TO\IOLOGICAL  NEWS  169 

cc.     Antennae   and   leg's   wholly   milky    white   or 
very  pale  yellow,  tarsal  claws  alone  darker. 

AI.BICOUMS  sp.  nov. 

bb.  Cuneus  white,  embolium  pale  yellow;  basal  joint 
of  antennae  slightly  longer  than  width  of  vertex  ; 
smaller  and  more  slender,  length  2A — 2.6  mm. 

GKACILIS  sp.  nov. 

aa.     Antennae  and  legs  wholly  black;  elytra  coarsely  and  dis- 
tinctly pnbescent;  length  2.8 — 3  mm. 

TE.NEBROSUS  Distant 


Observations  on  the  Life-Histories  of  Two  Species 
of  Praying  Mantis  (Orthopt.  :  Mantidae). 

By  MARY  DIDLAKE,  Lexington,  Kentucky. 
(Plates  VII,  VIII.) 

Two  species,  the  common  Stagmomantis  Carolina  and  a  big- 
Chinese  species,  Paratenodera  sinciisis,  have  been  reared  in 
the  laboratory  of  the  Department  of  Entomology  and  Botany, 
of  the  Kentucky  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and  carried 
through  several  generations  in  as  many  successive  years. 

The  egg-mass  of  the  foreign  species  was  found  May  8,  1917. 
on  a  shrub  in  the  nursery  of  Wood,  Stubbs  &  Co.,  Louisville. 
Kentucky,  and  brought  to  our  laboratory  by  Mr.  H.  R.  Xis- 
wonger.  The  shrub  had  been  received  either  in  a  European 
shipment  or  one  from  the  Eastern  States,  where  this  insect 
has  been  recorded  as  having  been  established. 

It  was  found  possible  to  rear  the  species  from  time  of 
hatching  until  maturity  as  described  below,  molting,  mating, 
egg-laying1,  regeneration  of  injured  limbs  and  antennae  being 
easily  observed. 

REARING. 

Eggs  taken  from  twigs  out-of-doors,  or  laid  in  the  laboratory 
were  placed  outside  all  winter.  When  they  began  to  hatch, 
in  May  or  June,  individuals  were  isolated  in  homeopathic  vials, 
tightly  stoppered.  These  vials  were  handled  in  wooden  vial 
racks  holding  about  a  dozen.  In  each  vial  a  strip  of  lilt  IT  paper 
furnished  a  support  to  which  the  baby  mantis  could  cling. 

About  the  third  molt  the  vials  became  rather  close  quarters 


170  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '26 

and  the  insects  were  transferred  to  four-ounce  wide-mouthed 
bottles  with  cork  stoppers  and  a  strip  of  cardboard  to  stand 
upon,  individuals  still  being  kept  separate.  Before  the  last 
molt  they  were  given  still  larger  accommodations,  either  quart 
specimen  jars  or  6-inch  Stender  dishes. 

FEEDING. 

As  is  well  known,  the  Praying  Mantids  are  preying  insects 
and  are  classed  as  beneficial  because  they  eat  plant  lice,  cater- 
pillars and  various  other  enemies  of  vegetation.  They  are, 
furthermore,  cannibals,  and  from  infancy  devour  each  other 
with  relish.  When  hungry  they  ate  readily  almost  every  insect 
species  that  came  their  way,  the  only  invariable  requirement 
was  that  the  food  be  served  "alive  and  kicking."  Tiny  leaf- 
hoppers,  Drosophila,  Meromyza,  minute  "looping''  caterpillars, 
etc.,  collected  in  a  sweep  net  and  distributed  to  each  vial  fur- 
nished most  acceptable  food.  Bigger  leaf-hoppers,  larger  flies 
and  caterpillars,  and  young  grasshoppers  became  suitable  food 
as  the  mantids  increased  in  size.  After  the  third  molt,  mantids 
could  capture  house-flies,  and  never  seemed  to  tire  of  the  diet. 
Quantities  of  these  were  caught  in  wire  traps  placed  outside  a 
laboratory  window,  baited  with  banana. 

Full  grown  adults  if  hungry  ate  almost  any  living  thing, 
spiders,  hairy  caterpillars,  (Data'na,  Apatela},  furry  moths,  bad- 
smelling  stink  bugs,  hard-bodied  wasps  (Vespa),  huge  cock- 
roaches and  grasshoppers  as  large  as  themselves.  Some  indi- 
viduals which  survived  late  in  the  season  when  other  insects 
grew  scarce,  relished  fat  chestnut  worms,  meal  worms,  etc. 

They  seemed  never  to  kill  other  insects  except  for  food. 
When  not  hungry  a  mantis  might  be  annoyed  for  hours  by  a 
fly,  and  make  no  effort  to  kill  it  just  to  be  rid  of  it.  Again, 
a  small  mantis  was  so  hungry  that  it  snatched  a  leaf-hop] >er 
in  one  fore-limb  and  a  pomace  fly  in  the  other  and  took  a  bite 
alternately  from  the  right  and  from  the  left. 

In  captivity  it  is  certainly  the  rule,  with  rare  exceptions,  for 
the  adult  female  to  devour  the  smaller  male,  leaving  only  his 
wings,  antennae,  spiny  legs  and  horny  jaws.  Perhaps  in 
nature  he  more  often  has  a  chance  to  escape. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  171 

MOLTS. 

As  young  manticls  hatched,  one  could  always  find  the  exuviae 
or  envelopes  left  suspended  from  the  openings  of  the  egg-mass  ; 
but  I  have  not  counted  this  as  a  molt.  Mantids  were  never 
observed  to  eat  their  cast  skins,  as  do  katydids  and  various 
other  insects.  The  following  figures  are  averages  from  39 
males  and  41  females  reared  from  eggs  to  maturity : 

Males  of  the  common  southern  mantis  (Stagnwinaiitis  Caro- 
lina) commonly  molted  six  times,  only  \5l/>%  of  those  carried 
through  having  seven  molts.  The  average  time  elapsing  be- 
tween molts  was  15  days  before  the  first  molt,  10  days  to  the 
second  molt,  9  to  the  third,  10  to  the  fourth,  12  to  the  fifth,  18 
to  the  sixth  and  18  to  the  seventh  molt ;  the  shortest  time  be- 
tween any  two  molts  was  5  days  and  the  longest  31  days. 
The  average  time  for  full  development  was  about  77l/2  days, 
the  shortest  period  recorded  being  66  days  and  the  longest,  99. 

Females  commonly  molted  seven  times,  only  17%  complet- 
ing development  with  six  molts.  The  average  time  between 
molts  was  15  days  before  the  first  molt,  9l/2  days  to  the  second 
molt,  8  to  the  third,  9  to  the  fourth,  9}/2  to  the  fifth,  14  to  the 
sixth  and  \7l/>  to  the  seventh.  The  shortest  time  between  any 
two  molts  was  6  days  and  the  longest  26.  The  average  time 
from  hatching  to  adult  emergence  was  79  days,  the  shortest 
period  being  69  days  and  the  longest  91. 

The  following  figures  are  averages  from  17  males  and  14 
females  reared  from  eggs  to  maturity : 

Both  sexes  of  the  Chinese  mantis  (Paratcnodcra  sinoisis) 
commonly  molted  seven  times,  occasional  individuals  requiring 
eight  molts.  Of  the  males  76l/>%  molted  seven  times,  the  aver- 
age time  between  molts  was  11  days  to  the  first  molt.  10  to 
second,  8l/>  to  the  third,  8  to  the  fourth,  10  to  the  fifth,  12  to 
the  sixth,  17  to  the  seventh  and  19  to  the  eighth;  the  shortest 
time  between  any  two  molts  was  6  days  and  the  longest  21. 
The  average  time  for  full  development  was  77  days,  the  quick- 
est individual  requiring  67  days  and  the  slowest  87  days. 

Of  the  females  over   85%    molted   only   seven   times.      The 


172  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [J"ne,    '26 

average  time  between  molts  was  12  days  to  the  first  molt,  10j/2 
to  the  second,  7l/2  to  the  third,  8  to  the  fourth,  10  to  the  fifth, 
1 1  to  the  sixth,  19  to  the  seventh  and  17  to  the  eighth  molt ; 
the  shortest  time  between  molts  was  6  days  and  the  longest  32 
days.  The  average  number  of  days  to  adult  emergence  was  78, 
the  shortest  being  67  and  the  longest  91  days. 

VARIATION  IN  SIZE. 

Variation  in  size  of  growing  mantids  of  the  same  age  was 
such  that  one  individual  might  be  as  large  after  the  fourth 
molt  as  another  of  the  same  sex  and  species,  after  the  fifth 
molt.  Mantids  just  hatched  measured  8  to  10  mm.  with  a 
slowly  graduated  increase  at  each  molt  until  adults  of  the  com- 
mon species  reached  a  length  of  50  to  56  mm.,  and  the  Chinese 
species  adult  measured  80  to  84  mm.  Females  were  larger, 
stronger  asd  more  robust  than  males. 

The  antennae  increase  in  length  and  in  number  of  joints  at 
each  molt  after  the  first,  our  common  species  starting  with 
antennae  4  mm.  long  and  consisting  of  35  joints ;  the  adult 
female  has  antennae  13  mm.  long  with  about  75  joints  and  the 
male  25  mm.  long  with  88  joints.  Paratcnodcra  when  hatched 
has  antennae  7  mm.  long  of  about  49  joints  and  antennae  of 
adult  female  measure  26  mm.  and  have  148  joints;  those  of 
adult  males,  35  mm.  long  with  158  joints. 

It  was  difficult  to  estimate  the  exact  number  of  joints  as  a 
few  near  the  base  became  more  or  less  fused  and  impossible  to 
distinguish. 

Only  in  the  last  two  molts  before  the  adult  condition  does  the 
number  of  joints  in  the  antennae  of  males  and  females  show 
much  difference,  and  then  the  structure  also  becomes  clearly 
differentiated,  the  antennae  of  the  male  being  longer,  much 
stouter  at  base,  and  under  the  microscope  showing  a  more 
elaborately  pitted  and  ciliated  surface. 

COLOR. 

When  hatched  all  mantids  looked  alike,  having  a  glossy  sur- 
face of  a  tan  or  brown  color,  with  a  few  dark  spots  on  the 
legs.  The  young  Paratcnodcra  showed  a  lighter  tan  stripe 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     .\K\YS  173 

along  each  side  of  the  thorax.     In  all  (if  those  observed  none 
was  green  at  first. 

Before  the  first  molt  some  appeared  lighter  brown  and  even 
had  a  slightly  greenish  hue.  After  this  molt  quite  a  number 
were  green  and  tan,  the  legs  being  usually  more  or  less  green. 
After  the  second  and  third  molts  a  few  individuals  were  ohm 
vividly  green,  but  those  reared  in  the  laboratory  invariably 
lost  the  green  color  before  maturity.  Young,  green  individuals 
caught  out-of-doors  and  kept  subsequently  in  the  house  always 
became  tan  and  brown.  Out-of-doors,  bright  green  adult 
females  seemed  rather  more  common  than  brown  ones. 

SEX  DIFFERENCES  IN  YOUNG  MANTIDS 

When  first  hatched  it  seemed  impossible  to  distinguish  male 
from  female,  but  often  after  the  first  molt,  and  with  certainty 
after  the  second,  one  could  make  out  the  sex  by  a  study  of  the 
ventral  abdominal  segments.  The  little  vials  and  motionless 
positions  of  the  young  made  this  observation  easy  on  the  living 
specimens. 

At  first  there  are  visible  dorsally,  ten  segments,  and  ventrally, 
eight.  Adult  males  show  these  same  numbers :  adult  females 
have  the  ten  recognizable  segments  dorsally,  but  only  si.r  ventral 
ones.  Young  males  invariably  show  straight  ventral  lines  of 
division  between  each  of  the  eight  segments.  But  with  females, 
after  the  first  molt,  the  sixth  and  seventh  segments  (two  next 
the  tip )  appear  slightly  notched.  After  the  second  molt  the 
notch  on  the  sixth  is  deeper  and  it  begins  to  lap  over  the  seventh. 
As  growth  proceeds,  the  seventh  and  eighth  segments  become 
much  modified  and  disappear  behind  the  sixth,  telescoping  into 
it,  so  that  by  the  fourth  or  fifth  molt  the  now  deeply  cleft  sixth 
segment  appears  the  terminal  one,  underlying  four  dorsal  seg- 
ments ;  whereas. in  the  young  of  bofh  sexes  and  in  the  adult 
male  the  terminal  ventral  segment  underlies  two  dorsal  ones. 
(See  figures  A-F,  Plate  VII.) 

EGGS. 

Normally,  I  think  eggs  would  be  laid  about  two  weeks  after 
mating,  though  the  time  observed  varied  from  two  days  to 


174  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '26 

three  weeks.  In  several  instances  as  many  as  five  lots  of  egg's 
were  produced  by  one  female  Stagmomantis  Carolina,  at  inter- 
vals of  10  days  to  two  weeks  apart,  the  last  lots  being  small 
and  imperfect.  With  both  species,  two  or  three  batches  of  eggs 
seem  quite  commonly  deposited  by  one  mantis. 

The  egg-mass  of  Paratcnodcra  is  much  larger  than  that  of 
our  common  species,  measuring-  about  2x2x2  cm.,  while  the 
latter  is  2  cm.  long,  1  cm.  broad  and  .75  cm.  thick.  Xearly  all 
those  laid  by  Paratcnodcra  in  the  laboratory  seemed  incomplete 
and  not  so  large  as  the  original  one  found  out-of-doors,  but 
produced  abundant  young  ones  the  following  spring.  The 
eggs  are  much  more  numerous  in  each  mass,  and  instead  of 
being  in  straight  rows  are  arranged  in  a  sort  of  fan-shaped 
series  about  a  central  stem  or  axis. 

Although  numerous  young  of  Paratcnodcra  sincnsis  were 
liberated  on  the  Experiment  Station  Ground  and  elsewhere, 
only  one  adult  has  thus  far  been  observed  and  no  egg-masses 
have  been  found  out-of-doors. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  VII. 

Figs.  A-F.  Changes  in  Ventral  Abdominal  Segments  of  Young 
Mantids  Distinguishing  Female  and  Male ;  also  Side 
Views  of  Tip  of  Abdomen.  A.  Before  first  molt 
Both  Male  and  Female  Show  8  segments.  Terminal 
Ventral  One  Underlying  2  Dorsal  Ones.  B.  Female 
after  first  Molt.  Sixth  and  Seventh  Segments 
Slightly  Notched.  C.  Female  after  second  Molt. 
Notches  More  Apparent.  D.  Female  after  third  Molt. 
Seventh  and  eighth  Segments  Beginning  to  Disap- 
pear behind  Notched  sixth  One.  E.  Female  after 
fourth  Molt.  Sixth  Segment  More  Deeply  Cleft  and 
Extending  Further.  F.  Female  and  Male  after  fifth 
Molt.  Female  with  Only  6  Ventral  Segments,  Tip 
Underlying  4  Dorsal  Ones.  Male  8  Segments  as  at 
First.  Drawn  by  Virginia  Anderson. 

PLATE  VTIT. 

Common    Mantids   Just   Hatching  and   Young   ( )nes 
Detached  from  Egg-Mass  before  the  Legs  are  Ready 
for  Use.    Enlarged.    Photographed  by  E.  C.  Vaughn. 
Both  plates  are  of  Stagmomantis  Carolina. 


ENT.  NEWS,   VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  VII. 


3*5 


B 


E" 


V 
c 


? 


F 


CHANGES  IN  VENTRAL  ABDOMINAL  SEGMENTS  OF  YOUNG 
STAGMOMANTIS  CAROLINA-DIDLAKE. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  VIII. 


STAGMOMANTIS  CAROLINA,  HATCHING  AND  AFTER 
HATCHING-DIDLAKE. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    N'ENYS  175 

Thomas  Lincoln  Casey  as  a  Coleopterist. 

By  MELVILLE  H.  HATCH,!    University  of  Michigan, 
Ann  Arbor,   Mich. 

Thomas  Lincoln  Casey  was  born  on  February  19,  1857,  at 
West  Point,  Xew  York,  the  son  of  Gen.  Thomas  Lincoln  Casey 
and  Emma  Weir,  and  grandson  of  Major  Gen.  Silas  Casey. 
Predestined  in  this  fashion  for  the  army,  it  is  with  no  surprise 
that  we  find  him  receiving  his  commission  as  First  Lieutenant 
twenty-two  years  later  (1879),  and  eventually  rising  to  the 
rank  of  Colonel  (1909).  The  chronological  table  at  the  con- 
clusion of  this  paper  outlines  the  principal  events  of  his  career. 

Casey  took  up  the  study  of  Coleoptera  as  a  hobby.  He  inher- 
ited sufficient  means,  not  only  to  render  him  financially  indepen- 
dent, but  to  purchase  specimens  and  literature  in  large  quan- 
tities and  to  publish  the  results  of  his  investigations  privately, 
when  such  appeared  desirable.  His  not  overly  onerous  duties 
in  the  army  allowed  him  the  time  for  collecting  and  the  study 
of  his  specimens.  By  1884,  the  year  of  his  first  published 
work,  he  had  undoubtedly  assembled  a  collection  of  consider- 
able proportions. 

A  Revision  of  the  Ciicitjidac  of  .lincrica  North  of  Mc.vico 
(84*:69-112)  published  in  the  Transactions  of  the  American 
Entomological  Society  for  1884,  and  submitted  for  publication 
on  November  9  of  the  previous  year,  apparently  constitutes 
Casey's  first  published  work.  He  was  closely  associated  with 
Leconte  and  Horn  in  the  course  of  its  preparation,  and  it  repre- 
sents the  spirit  of  those  authors  at  its  best.  Keys,  moderately 
long  descriptions  (10  to  20  lines),  figures  of  nearly  all  the 
species,  are  all  similar  to  those  found  in  Horn's  papers.  Thir- 
teen new  specimens  are  described  out  of  a  total  of  fifty-eight. 

The  same  year  however,  Casey  published  privately  three 
papers  of  an  entirely  other  tenor:  two  Contributions  to  the 


1  Contribution   from  the   Zoological   Laboratory   of  the   University 
of   Michigan. 

Throughout  the  present  paper  reference  is  ma<Ie  to  (.'a>e\'s  publica- 
tions as  listed  by  Leng  (  \()2(),  p.  375-376)  and  supplemented  by  him  in 
1925  (p.  100)  by  the  use  of  two  numerals  to  indicate  the  year  followed 
by  a  semicolon  and  an  indication  of  the  page  or  pages. 


176  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '26 

Descriptive  and  Systematic  Coleopterology  of  North  America 
(84:  1-60;  84:  61-198)  and  a  Revision  of  the  Stcnini  of  Amer- 
ica North  of  Ale.vico  (84:  1-206).  Xo  less  than  300  species,  a 
large  pecentage  from  uniques,  are  described  as  new  in  these 
papers,  148  of  these  Stenini,  out  of  a  total  of  171  species  of  that 
tribe.  In  the  first  place,  Casey  insisted  on  replacing  the  hand- 
lens  of  Leconte  and  the  earlier  entomologists  with  the  modern 
biobjective  binocular  microscope.  He  was  always  much  inter- 
ested in  securing  accuracy  of  measurement  and  eliminating  the 
personal  equation  as  far  as  possible  (98:  116-7).  He  points  out, 
for  instance,  the  tendency  of  Leconte  constantly  to  exaggerate 
his  dimensions.  Furthermore,  "It  has  been  my  aim,"  he  wrote 
(84:61)  "not  only  to  describe  the  species,  but  to  make  a  sep- 
arate study  of  each."  This  resulted  in  descriptions  averaging 
about  three-fourths  of  a  page  or  fifty  lines  long,  and  revealed 
a  mass  of  unsuspected  differences  to  which  Casey  gave  specific 
value. 

The  reason  for  their  private  publication  was  undoubtedly, 
in  part,  because  no  current  entomological  journal  would  accept 
them.  Indeed,  with  the  exception  of  the  years  1898-1900,  when 
certain  of  his  papers  appeared  in  the  Journal  of  the  New  York 
Entomological  Society,  those  of  Casey's  major  contributions 
that  were  not  published  privately,  appeared  in  the  publications 
of  various  academies  of  science  (California,  1885-87:  Xew 
York,  1888-1897;  St.  Louis.  1905-1906;  and  Washington, 
1907-1909).  This  was  undoubtedly  largely  because  of  the 
greater  facilities  for  the  publication  of  extended  memoirs 
offered  by  the  academies.  One  may  suggest,  however,  that 
the  radical  nature  of  the  work  played  some  part. 

The  basis  of  Casey's  specific  discrimination  was  an  in- 
creased attention  to  details  of  habitus  and  sculpture.  The  time 
had  arrived  when  coleopterists  looked  with  increasing  suspicion 
upon  differences  founded  upon  color  or  color  pattern.  Differ- 
ences in  proportion  and  sculpture  were  regarded  as  more  sig- 
nificant. Casey  took  up  with  this  tendency  and  carried  it 
toward  its  logical  conclusion,  until  at  the  time  of  his  death  he 
had  published  8621  pages  describing  almost  as  many  Nearctic 


xxxvii,  '26]  i-:\ TOM OLOGICAL  NEWS  177 

species  as  all  other  coleopterists  tog-ether.     I  lis  collection  is  >aid 
to  have  numbered  15,000  species. 

The  pamphlets  met  with  immediate  opposition.  |ohn  1',. 
Smith  (Em.  Amer.  1885,  Vol.  1—58-59)  found  it  "impossible 
to  say  a  word  of  praise."  The  "descriptions  are  aggravating, 
for  their  minuteness  of  detail  .  .  .  and  .  .  .  are  indi- 
vidual, and  not  characteristic  of  species."  Tin-  binocular 
microscope  that  he  used  showed  him  too  much!  Smith  con- 
cluded with  the  surmise  that  he  would  live  to  regret  the  early 
effort,  a  prediction  that  was  only  very  partially  fulfilled 
(89:325).  In  the  same  year,  Horn  (1885:108-113  )  indicated  a 
considerable  number  of  the  species  as  synonyms.  Hut  opposi- 
tion of  this  character  did  not  continue.  There  lacked  men  of 
the  temperament  to  contest  the  new  species  one  by  one,  as  they 
were  announced.  There  gathered,  instead,  a  general  mistrust 
of  the  whole  work. 

One  of  Casey's  leading  characteristics  was  that  he  did  not 
regret.  Granting  his  premises  about  the  nature  of  specific 
differences,  there  was  nothing  to  regret, — for  all  attest  to  the 
extreme  accuracy  and  honesty  of  his  work.  Very  rarely,  he 
admitted  that  he  described  a  synonym  as  in  the  case  of  Bargains 
z'iridwcnens  Beauv.  and  its  variants  (89:  325  ).  I  kit  oftener,  his 
restudy  of  old  material  led  him  to  reject  his  previous  deter- 
mination and  describe  the  specimen  as  new  or  break  up  the 
series  of  his  original  species  into  several. 

In  1888  (88:18)  Casey  published  a  criticism  of  some  of  the 
tables  in  Leconte  and  Horn's  Classification  of  the  Coleof^tera 
of  Nortli  America.  The  cudgels  were  immediately  taken  up  by 
John  Hamilton  (1888,  p.  78),  who  suggested  that  Casey  try 
constructing  some  tables  of  his  own.  The  succeeding  year-> 
constituted  Casey's  answer.  I'.ut  analysis,  rather  than  syn- 
thesis, was  always  his  dominant  interest.  I  (is  tables  are  usually 
to  species,  less  frequently  to  genera  and  tribes,  onlv  very  rarely 
to  the  primary  family  divisions  and  never  to  groups  above  the 
family.  In  the  light  of  the  relationship  of  Casey's  work  to 
Leconte  and  Horn's  Classification  of  the  ('olcoptcra  of  \orth 
America  such  a  procedure  is  understood.  Despite  his  criticism 
of  this  work,  Casey  accepted  it  as  his  point  of  departure,  and 


178  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '26 

apparently  never  went  so  far  as  to  regard  the  erection  of  an 
entirely  new  edifice  a  necessity.  Casey  ranged  over  the  entire 
coleopterous  series  to  such  an  extent  that  his  failure  to  work 
with  the  aquatic  families,  Elateridae  and  Chrysomelidae  is  as 
noteworthy  as  his  great  amount  of  attention  to  Carabidae, 
Staphylinidae,  Tenebrionidae,  Cerambycidae  and  Curculionidae. 
Among  the  families  he  monographed  for  North  America  north 
of  Mexico  are  Scydmaenidae,  Anthicidae,  Dermestidae,  Byrrhi- 
dae,  Cucujidae,  Cryptophagidae,  Phalacridae,  Coccinellidae, 
Alleculidae  and  Cisidae,  and  the  subfamilies  Rutelinae,  Dynas- 
tinae  and  Cetoniinae  among  the  Scarabaeidae.  Hamilton  would 
have  triumphed,  indeed,  could  he  have  lived  to  see  Casey  admit 
his  inability  to  construct  a  dichotomous  table  to  the  thirteen 
tribes  of  Brazilian  Barinae  (22:3).  Casey  gave  but  scant  inter- 
est and  equal  praise  to  such  work  as  Batchley's  Cole  opt  era  of 
Indiana  (11:199). 

Casey's  first  work,  despite  its  radical  character,  conformed  to 
traditional  channels  in  so  far  as  he  availed  himself  of  the  col- 
lections of  institutions  (as  the  National  Museum,  and  the 
Leconte  collection  at  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology) 
and  other  scientists  (Leconte,  Horn,  Schwarz).  As  late  as 
1890  he  acknowledges  such  aid  (90:307),  and  numerous  of  his 
earlier  types  were  in  these  collections.  In  succeeding  years, 
however,  he  ceased  from  this  custom,  and  come  to  confine  him- 
self entirely  to  his  own  collection,  which  was  amassed  largely 
by  purchase.  Among  the  more  important  of  these  purchases 
seem  to  have  been,  the  cabinet  of  Dr.  G.  M.  Levette  of  Indian- 
apolis, purchased  in  1890  (90:501  ),  and  an  extensive  collection 
of  Brazilian  Barinae  purchased  from  Herbert  H.  Smith  about 
1893.  Among  the  American  collectors  from  whom  he  obtained 
specimens  by  purchase  or  otherwise  may  be  mentioned  Wick- 
ham,  Fall,  Manee,  Knaus,  Blatchley,  and  Frost. 

He  came  to  play  a  lone  hand.  He  never  consulted  the  other 
American  collections,  and  often  regrets  his  inability  to  study  a 
particular  species  because  his  collectors  had  been  unable  to  find 
it,  when  types  may  have  been  in  existence  in  Philadelphia  or 
Boston.  In  place  of  the  types,  he  interpreted  the  published 
descriptions  with  the  greatest  strictness,  and  the  least  failure 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \E\YS  179 

of  the  specimen  at  hand  to  correspond  at  all  points  with  the 
written  description  justified  its  recognition  as  a  new  species. 
For  instance,  he  once  remarked  (05:21)  that  his  failure  to 
secure  H.  H.  Smith's  collection  of  Brazilian  Staphylinidae  wa> 
one  of  the  greatest  disappointments  of  his  scientific  career. 
Their  presence  in  the  Carnegie  Museum  rendered  them  utterly 
unavailable  for  his  purposes  !  He  displayed  little  willingness 
to  cooperate  in  the  production  of  such  a  work  as  lUatchley's 
Colcoptcra  of  Indiana  ( 1910,  p.  5  ),  though  his  help  is  acknowl- 
edged in  connection  with  Blatchley  and  Lena's  Rh\nchopliora 
(1916,  p.  6). 

The  limitations  involved  in  Casey's  procedure  in  assembling 
his  collection,  together  with  the  exhaustiveness  of  the  study 
to  which  he  subjected  his  specimens,  resulted  in  a  difficulty  of 
a  special  nature  that  accompanies  the  use  of  his  monographic 
revisions.  Even  the  most  extensive  use  of  collections,  from  all 
parts  of  the  country,  so  splendidly  exemplified  by  certain  of 
the  work  of  Schaeffer,  Leng,  Fall  and  others,  resulted  in  the 
most  unfortunate  geographic  gaps.  Casey's  procedure,  involv- 
ing only  such  material  as  he  could  purchase,  and  ignoring  the 
accumulated  collections,  left  much  more  serious  gaps.  The 
extreme  significance  that  he  attached  to  the  most  minute  varia- 
tion rendered  it  probable  that  his  taxonomic  units  were  often 
of  limited  geographic  range.  The  result  was  that  a  dispro- 
portionately small  portion  of  the  total  variational  range  of  the 
group — in  the  light  of  his  criteria — was  represented,  and  the 
chance  rendered  almost  a  certainty  that  specimens  from  numer- 
ous of  the  localities  unrepresented  in  Casey's  collection  were  as 
worthy  of  description  as  new  as  those  that  Casey  himself  recog- 
nized. Casey  himself,  undoubtedly  felt  this,  and  attributed  it 
to  the  undeveloped  condition  of  his  science.  Ikit  it  is  a  point 
that  must  be  remembered  in  the  use  of  his  keys. 

Another  departure  made  by  Casey  in  much  of  his  mono- 
graphic work,  especially  his  later  studies,  was  the  practice  of 
including  mention  of  as  many  exotic  genera  and  tribes  as  his 
material  permitted.  Tn  this  way  he  tended  to  break  away  from 
the  provincialism  that  is  still  one  of  the  outstanding  traits  of 
American  coleopterology. 

(To  be  continued) 


180  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '26 

Conocephalus  nigropleurus  (Brunei)  in  Pennsylvania 

(Orthoptera). 

By  HENRY  Fox,  Associate  Entomologist,  Fruit  Insect  Investi- 
gations, Bureau  of  Entomology,  United  States  Department 

of  Agriculture.* 

During  the  summer  of  1925  the  writer  had  the  privilege 
of  examining  a  series  of  collections  of  Orthoptera  made  on 
Montgomery  Island,  in  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  Milton, 
Northumberland  County,  Pennsylvania.  These  collections  were 
made  at  the  writer's  suggestion  by  Mr.  R.  L.  Coffin,  a  member 
of  the  staff  of  the  Japanese  Beetle  Laboratory.  Mr.  Coffin,  dur- 
ing the  summer,  was  in  charge  of  a  party  of  Government  scouts 
engaged  in  the  work  of  keeping  Montgomery  Island  and  the 
surrounding  country  under  surveillance  because  of  the  possi- 
bility of  Japanese  beetle  infestation,  a  few  of  these  insects  hav- 
ing been  taken  on  the  island  by  one  of  the  Government  scouts 
the  year  before.  The  Orthoptera  taken  on  the  island  were  gath- 
ered primarily  to  get  seasonal  data  for  comparison  with  similar 
data  from  southern  New  Jersey. 

With  a  single  exception,  all  the  species  represented  in  the 
collections  are  forms  common  to,  and  generally  known  to  occur 
in,  all  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  but  in  the  material  sent  in  I  was 
surprised  to  find  a  few  examples  of  the  handsome  black-sided 
grasshopper,  Conocephalus  nigropleurus  (Bruner),-a  species 
hitherto  unrecorded  from  the  State  and  not  previously  known 
farther  east  than  Ithaca,  New  York.  The  discovery  of  this 
species  in  north-central  Pennsylvania  is  another  instance  of  how 
persistent  local  collecting  will  often  reveal  the  presence  of  an 
unsuspected  form  far  beyond  the  supposed  limits  of  its  range. 

According  to  information  supplied  by  Mr.  Coffin,  the  species 
was  taken  in  only  a  very  limited  area,  in  a  sort  of  slough  along 
one  side  of  the  island.  During  high  water  this  is  overflowed, 
but  at  the  time  the  collections  were  made  it  was  overgrown  with 
a  variety  of  grasses  and  weeds  together  with  clumps  of  low 
willows  and  patches  of  tall  ragweed  (Ambrosia  trifida). 

*  Publication  authorized  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\\s  181 

The  species  was,;  represented  in  the  collections  by  the  follow- 
ing material : 

Montgomery    Island,     West    Milton,     Pa.,     VII     13,     1925, 

1  juv.  3,  5th  instar;  VII  20,  1925,  1  9;  VII  28,  1925,  Id1.    (R.  L' 
Coffin,  collector.) 

Other  species  of  Orthoptera  collected  at  the  same  locality 
are  the  following : 

Arphia  .vanth&ptcra  (Burm.),  VIII  10,  1  juv.  d1,  4th  instar. 
Encoptolophus  sordidus  (Burm.),  VII  6,  juvs.,  VIII  10,  jnvs. 
Dissosteira  Carolina  (Linn.),  VII  6,  juvs.;  VII  13.  1  d  2  ?, 

2  juvs.;  VII  20,  many  adults  and  juvs.;  VIII  10,  2  ?,  1  juv. ; 
VIII  17,  1  d1,  3  $;  VIII  24,  1  d1,  1  juv.  ?. 

Melanoplus  mc.ricanus  atlanis  (Riley),  VI  30,  2  d1  1  ?;  VII 
6,  2?;  VII  13,  1?. 

Mclanoplus  fcnnir-rubntin  (DeG.),  \'I  30,  juvs.;  VII  6, 
juvs.;  VII  13,  juvs. ;  VII  15,  juvs.;  VII  20,  juvs.;  VIII  10, 
6  d1,  2  ?,  many  juvs. ;  VIII  17,  11  d1,  8  ?,  numerous  juvs. ;  VIII 
24,  11  d1,  11  $;  many  juvs. 

Mclanoplus  bivittahts  (Say),  VI  30,  juvs.;  VII  6,  1  d1;  VII 
13,  3  d ;  5  ? ;  VII  20,  adults,  nymphs ;  VIII  10,  1  d1,  2  ?,  1  juv. ; 
VIII  17,  1  ?;  VIII  24,  3c?,  2?. 

Phancroptera  fnrcata  (Bruner),  VII  15,  1  juv. 

Orchelimum  vulgar c  (Harr. ),  \'II  6,  juv.;  \'II  13,  juv.; 
VII  17,  1  d1,  1  ?;  VIII  24,  2  d1. 

Orchelimum  gladiator  (Bruner),  VI  30,  1  juv.  d1.  5th  instar. 

Conocephahts  fasciatus  (DeG.),  VII  6,  juvs. ;  VII  13,  1  juv. ; 
VII  15,  juvs.;  VII  20,  2  juvs.;  VIII  10,  2  9,  2  juvs.;  VIII  17, 
2  d1,  3  ? ;  VIII  24,  2  d\  6  ?. 

Conocephalus  brcvipcnnis  (Scudd. ),  VIII  10,  1  d1 ;  VIII  17, 
I'd1,  2  ?;  VIII  24,  I'd1,  3  ?  (1  $  macropterous). 


Personal  Mention. 

An  oil  painting  of  William  Lochhead.  emeritus  professor  of 
entomology  and  zoology  in  Macdonald  College  of  McGill  Uni- 
versity. Montreal,  was  unveiled  on  March  17  by  Sir  Arthur 
Currie,  vice-chancellor  and  principal  of  the  university.  The 
portrait  was  painted  by  Mr.  G.  Home  Russell,  president  of  the 
Royal  Canadian  Academy,  on  subscription  of  a  large  number 
of  Prof.  Lochhead's  colleagues,  former  pupils  and  other  friends. 
-(Science,  March  26,  1926.) 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  JUNE,  1926. 

Collecting  Homoptera  in  Mexico. 

G.  F.  FERRIS,  Assistant  Professor  of  Zoology  at  Stanford 
University,  who  has  been  traveling  during  the  past  year  in 
Mexico  expects  to  arrive  home  about  the  first  of  June.  As  was 
announced  in  Entomological  News  of  last  July  (p.  209)  he 
originally  planned  to  accompany  a  geological  party  sailing  on 
a  private  yacht  to  Mexico  and  South  America.  Unfortunately 
the  boat  was  sunk  in  a  collision  only  a  few  days  before  the 
party  was  due  to  leave  and  he  was  compelled  to  reorganize  his 
plans. 

He  consequently  went  to  Mazatlan,  on  the  west  coast  of 
Mexico  by  train.  He  spent  some  time  about  Mazatlan,  San  Bias 
and  Tepic  and  also  visited  the  Tres  Marias  Islands,  about  sixty 
miles  off  the  coast,  which  are  occupied  only  by  a  Mexican  penal 
colony.  Also  some  time  was  spent  about  Manzanillo  and  Colima 
and  in  an  attempt  to  ascend  the  Volcano  of  Colima.  The  at- 
tempt was  frustrated,  however,  by  heavy  and  entirely  unseason- 
able rains  and  snows. 

From  Colima  he  proceeded  on  foot  with  two  burros  to  carry 
his  equipment  and  accompanied  by  a  Mexican  boy  to  Acapulco, 
a  distance  of  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  miles  through  the 
mountains,  five  weeks  being  spent  on  this  trip.  After  a  stay  of 
three  weeks  in  the  vicinity  of  Acapulco,  he  went  by  steamer  to 
Salina  Cruz  and  then  visited  and  collected  about  that  port, 
Puerto  Mexico  on  the  east  coast  and  several  other  points  on  the 
Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec.  His  last  collecting  will  be  in  the 
region  about  Mexico  City. 

His  principal  purpose  was  the  collecting  of  material  in  the 
Coccidae  and  in  this  group  a  very  extensive  collection  was  ob- 
tained. From  field  observations  alone  it  is  impossible  to  judge 
with  any  exactness  as  to  the  richness  of  the  collection,  but  it 
is  known  to  contain  a  large  number  of  unusual  forms  and,  unless 
there  proves  to  be  an  entirely  unsuspected  amount  of  duplication, 
it  may  be  roughly  estimated  that  it  numbers  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  three  hundred  and  fifty  species.  Nearly  all  of  these  are 
from  wild  hosts,  as  no  special  attempt  was  made  to  obtain  ma- 
terial from  cultivated  trees  and  shrubs. 

In  addition  to  the  Coccidae  there  is  a  small  collection  of 
Aphids,  for  the  Aphid  fauna  appears  to  be  extremely  poor,  but 
of  much  importance  for  practically  nothing  has  been  known  of 
this  family  in  Mexico.  Of  the  species  it  can  at  present  be  said 

182 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  183 

only  that  no  evidence  appears  of  the  presence  of  any  special 
and  peculiar  tropical  fauna. 

There  was  also  obtained  a  very  interesting  collection  of  Cher- 
mi  ds  (Psyllids),  this  being  especially  valuable  as  in  the  majority 
of  cases  both  nymphs  and  adults  were  secured.  It  includes  a 
number  of  gall-making"  forms  and  undoubtedly  most  of  the 
species  are  undescribed. 

An  incidental  collection  of  Aleyrodids  and  some  small  amount 
of  material  in  certain  other  groups  was  also  secured.  No  at- 
tempt was  made  to  gather  general  collections.  The  collections 
are  the  private  property  of  Professor  Ferris  but  it  is  expected 
that  they  will  eventually  be  deposited  in  the  entomological 
collections  of  the  newly  organized  [Museum  of  Biology  at  Stan- 
ford. With  the  addition  of  this  material  the  value  of  the  collec- 
tion of  Coccidae  now  contained  in  that  Museum  and  already 
probably  the  second  largest  in  the  world  will  be  very  materially 
increased. 

Professor  Ferris  reports  an  extremely  enjoyable  year,  en- 
tirely devoid  of  unpleasant  incidents  of  any  sort  and  even  of 
illness  although  wild  and  unfrequented,  and  in  part  very  un- 
healthy, portions  of  the  country  were  visited. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   E.   T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

5 — Psyche.  8 — The  Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine. 
9 — The  Entomologist.  13 — Journal  of  Entomology  and 
Zoology,  Claremont,  Cal.  14—  Ent.  Zeitschrift.  Frankfurt, 
a.  M.  15 — Insecutor  Ins.  Menstruus.  17 — Ent.  Rundschau. 
Stuttgart.  18 — Internationale  Ent.  Zeit..  (luben.  20 — So- 
cietas  Entomologica,  Stuttgart.  22 — Bulletin  of  Ent.  Re- 
search, London.  24 — Annales,  Soc.  Ent  de  France.  26 — Ent. 
Anzeiger.  Wien.  33 — Bull,  et  Annul.  Soc.  Ent.  Belgique. 
36 — Trans.,  Ent.  Soc..  London.  39 — The  Florida  Entomol- 
ogist. 47 — Neue  Beitr.  z.  Syst.  Insektenkunde.  56 — Kon- 
owia,  Wien.  59 — Encyclopedic  Ent.,  Paris.  68 — Science. 


184  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '26 

69 — Comptes  Rendtis,  Acad.  Sci.,  Paris.    71 — -Novitates  Zoo- 
logicae.      75 — Annals  and   Mag.  of   Nat.   History,   London. 
77— Comptes  Rendus,  Soc.  Biologic,  Paris.    89 — Zool.  Jahr- 
bucher,  Jena.    101 — Biol.  BulletiiOWoods  Hole,  Mass.   103- 
Proc.,  Zool.  Soc.,  London.    104 — Zeit.  f.  Wissen.   Zool.,  Leip- 
zig.   107 — Biologisches  Zentralblatt.     116 — Ann.  of  Applied 
Biology.      117 — Proc.,   Linnean   Soc.,  N.   S.   Wales.      120- 
Ann.,  Naturh.  Mus.,  Wien.     133 — Jour.  Experimental  Zool. 
153— Bull.,  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Naturelle,  Paris.     154— Zoolog. 
Anzeiger. 

GENERAL. — Bequaert,  J.— Insects  and  man  in  tropical 
America. — Natural  History,  xxvi,  133-46.  Bergroth  E.  E.— 
Obituary.— 8,  1926,  63-7.  '  Cockayne,  E.  A.— Teratological 
specimens  in  the  Hope  Dept.  of  Zool.  in  the  Oxford  Univ. 
Mus.— 36,  1925,  395-402.  Ebert,  H.— Entomologie  und  zet- 
telkatalog — 17,  xliii,.10.  Hancock,  G.  L.  R. — Winter  ento- 
mological visit  to  Central  Brazil. — 9,  lix,  49-52.  Howard,  L. 
O. — Great  economic  waste. — rNatural  History,  xxvi,  124-32. 
Karny,  H.  H. — Zur  nomenklaturfrage. — Treubia,  Buitzen- 
zorg,  vi,  442-9,  1925.  Lutz,  F.  E. — Taking-  nature  lore  to  the 
public.  Friendly  insects.  Insects  sounds. — Natural  Historv, 
xxvi,  111-24;  147-51;  206-213.  Mutchler  &  Lutz.— Principal 
orders  of  insects. — Natural  History,  xxvi,  164.  Roeher,  A.— 
Ueber  das  wesen  der  farbung  und  des  geruchs. — 26,  vi,  41-44. 
Savin,  W.  M. — Some  residents  of  a  brook. — Natural  History, 
xxvi,  184-90.  Wardle  &  Buckle.- — Principles  of  insect  con 
trol. — Pub.  Univ.  Manchester,  Biol.  Ser.  No.  3,  295  pp. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  MEDICAL,  ETC.— 
Kopec,  S. — Is  the  insect  metamorphosis  influenced  by  thy- 
riod  feeding? — 101,  1,  339-54.  Payne,  N.  M. — Freezing  and 
survival  of  insects  at  low  temperatures. — Quart.  Rev.  Biol., 
i,  270-82.  Van  Herk,  A.  H. — Les  insectes  voient-ils  des 
couleurs?  Contr.  a  la  question  par  des  experiences  faites 
sur  Scatophaga  stercoraria. — Arch.  Neerl.  Phys.  de  Homme 
et  Animaux,  x,  510-41.  Weber,  H. — Das  problem  der  glie- 
derung  des  insektenthorax. — 154,  Ixvi,  9-31;  115-32. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— du  Buisson,  M.- 

Recherches    sur    la    circulation    sanguine    et    la    ventilation 
pulmonaire  chez  les  scorpions. — Bui.  Sci.,  Ac.  R.  Belg.,  xi, 
666-80.     Gottlieb,   K. — Ueber  das   gehirn   des   scorpions.— 
104,  cxxvii,  185-243.     Brown,  B. — Another  luminous  spider. 
—68,  Ixiii,  383.     Jawlowski,  H. — Ueber  die  funktionen  des 
zentralnervensystems   des    Lithobius   forficatus    [Polish].— 
Trav.  Soc.  Sci.  Let.,  Wilno,  i,  57-72.  2924.     Petrunkevitch, 
A. — Value  of  instinct  as  a  taxonomic  character  in  spiders.— 
101,  1,  427-32. 


XXXvii,    '26]  K.\TOMOI.O<;ICAL    NEWS  1  >  r 

(S)  *Hirst,  S. — On  some  new  genera  and  specie-  of 
Arachnida  [one  sp.  from  Gorgona  Id.j.  103,  T'25.  1271-80. 
*Petrunkevitch,  A. — Spiders  from  the  Virgin  Islands. 
Tr.  Conn.  Ac.  Arts  &  Sci..  xxviii,  21-78.  *Stanley,  A.— (  )n 
the  parasitic  mites  of  the  suborder  Prostigmata  (Tnnn- 
bidioidea)  found  on  lizards  [one  sp.  cited  from  Texas].— 
Jour.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  Zool.,  xxxvi,  173-200. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Abbott, 
C.  E. — Death  feigning  in  Anax  junius  and  Aeschna  sp. 
5,  xxxiii,  8-10.  Calvert,  P.  P. — Relations  of  a  late  autumnal 
dragonfly  (Odoriata)  to  temperature. — -Ecology  vii,  185-90. 
Willem,  V. — Notes  ethologiques  sur  divers  Collemboles. 
-Bui.  Sci..  Ac.  R.  Belg.,  xi,  617-36. 

(N)  *Snyder,  T.  E. — Notes  on  termites  from  Arizona 
with  descriptions  of  two  n.  sps. — Univ.  Cal.  Pub.,  Zool., 
xxviii,  389-97.  *Tillyard,  R.  J. — Kansas  permian  insects. 
The  order  Copeognatha. — Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  xi,  315-39.  *Wat- 
son,  J.  R. — New  Thysanoptera  from  Florida  and  Key  to  Xo. 
Am.  sps.  of  Chicothrips.  3'9,  ix,  58-60. 

(S)  *  Watson,  J.  R. — Two  new  Thysanoptera  from  Cuba. 
-39,  ix,  53-5. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Abbott,  R.  L.— Contributions  to  the 
physiology  of  digestion  in  the  Australian  roach. — 133,  xliv, 
219-53.  Murray,  M.  R. — Secretion  in  the  amitotic  cells  of 
the  cricket  egg  follicle. — 101,  1.  210-34.  Pospelov,  V.  P.— 
Influence  of  temperature  on  the  maturation  and  general 
health  of  Locusta  migratoria. — 22,  xvi,  363-7.  Toumanoff, 
K. — L'action  combinee  de  1'obscurite  et  la  temperature  sur 
la  melanogenese  chez  Dixippus  morosus. — 77,  xciv,  565-6. 

HEMIPTERA.— Ackerman,  L.— Physiological  basis  of 
wing  production  in  the  grain  aphid. — 133,  xliv,  1-61.  Gim- 
ingham,  C.  T. --On  the  presence  of  an  egg-burster  in 
Aphididae. — 36,  1925,  585-90.  Janisch,  R. — Lebemveise  und 
systematik  der  "schwarzen  blattlause."-  —  Arb.  Biol.  Reichs. 
f.  Landu.  Forstw.,  Berlin,  xiv,  291-366.  Mahdihassan,  S.— 
Early  recognition  of  sex  among  lac  insects. — Jour.  Indian 
lust.  Sci.,  ix  a,  1-24.  Poisson,  R. — Les  elements  cytoplas- 
miques  figures  et  leur  evolution  au  c<>urs  de  la  spermato- 
genese  chez  Notonecta  maculata. — 77,  xciv,  562-4.  Smith, 
K.  M. — Comparative  study  of  the  feeding  methods  of  cer- 
tain hemiptera. — 116,  xiii,  109-39. 

(N)  Drake,  C.  J.— North  Am.  Tingitidae  drscribrd  b\ 
Stal.— An.  Carnegie  Mus.,  xvi,  375-80.  Stichel,  W.  Die 
systematische  stellung  der  gattung  M  vodocha.- — 56,  i\  . 
392-8. 

(S)   *Hungerford,    H.   B.— Some    Notonecta    from    South 


186  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '26 

America.  —  5,  xxxiii,  11-15.  *Larrousse,  F.  —  Descr.  de  deux 
especes  nouv.  clu  genre  Triatoma.  —  Am.  Parasit.  Hum.  et 
Comp.,  iv,  136-9.  *Osborn,  H.  —  Neotropical  Homop- 
tera.  .  .Report  upon  the  collections  in  the  subfamily 
Cicadellinae  with  descriptions  of  n.  sps.  —  An.  Carnegie 
s.;  xvi,  155-248. 


LEPIDOPTERA.—  Clark,  A.  H.—  Notes  on  the  odors  of 
some  New  England  butterflies.  —  5,  xxxiii,  1-5.  Deutsch, 
A.  —  Ueber  lauterzeugung  bei  schmetterlingen.  —  26,  33-5, 
Foester,  E.  —  Frische  Luft  und  feuchtigkeit,  ein  haupter- 
fordernis  zu  erfolgreicher  raupenzucht.  —  17,  xliii,  9.  Harri- 
son &  Peacock.  —  On  parthenogenesis  originating  in  lepidop- 
terous  crosses.  —  Trans.  N.  H.  Soc.  Northumb.,  Durham  & 
Newcas.-upon-Tyne,  vi,  201-17.  Kellogg,  V.  —  Color  dust  of 
the  butterfly.  —  Natural  History,  xxvi,  152-8.  Mjoberg,  E.— 
Strange  way  in  which  the  vishnu  moth  (Trabala  vishnu) 
deposits  her  eggs  in  the  shape  of  larvae.  —  5,  xxxiii,  6-7. 
Patch,  E.  M.  —  Adventures  of  Ctenucha  —  a  meadow  cater- 
pillar. —  Natural  History,  xxvi,  200-13.  Philpott,  A.— 
Labial  palpi  of  Trichophysetis  cretacea  and  Argyria  amo- 
enalis.  —  177,  1,  381-2.  Prueffer,  J.  —  La  phenomene  d'alleche- 
ment  des  males  par  des  femelles  cher  Lymantria  dispar. 
[Polish]—  Trav.  Soc.  Sci.  Let.,  Wilno,  i,  138-45.  Tschir- 
winsky,  P.  —  Einige  optische  beobachtungen  an  den  schup- 
pen  der  schmetterlinge.  —  89,  xlviii,  Anat.,  1-18.  Watson 
&  Lutz.  —  Our  common  butterflies.  —  Natural  History,  xxvi, 
165-83. 

(N)   Barnes  &  Benjamin.  —  List  of  diurnal  lepidoptera.— 
Bui.  So.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  xxv,  3-27.     *Barnes  &  Benjamin.— 
Synonymic  notes  and  n.  sps.  of  L.  —  15,  xiv,  1-10.   *Cockerell, 
T.  D.  A.  —  A  new  fossil  moth   from   Florissant.  —  5,  xxxiii, 
16-17.    Philpott,  A.—  Venation  of  the  Hepialidae.  —  36,  1925. 
531-35.     Rebel,  H.  —  Revision  des  formenkreises  von  Philo- 
samia  cynthia.  —  120,  xxxix,  154-76. 

(S)  *Avinoff,  A.  —  Descriptions  of  some  n.  sps  and  var. 
of  Rhopalocera  in  the  Carnegie  Mus.  —  An.  Carnegie  Mus., 
xvi,  355-74.  *Draut,  M.  —  Gross-Schmetterl.  der  Erde, 
Fauna  Amer.,  vii.  221-252.  Fletcher,  T.  B.—  On  Walker's 
types  of  plume-moths  in  the  National  Coll.:  Redescription 
and  notes.—  36,  1925.  599-639.  Haviland  &  Poulton.—  De- 
fensive colour  and  pattern  in  four  caterpillars  from  Br. 
Guiana.—  36,  1925,  575-79.  *Jones,  F.  M.—  A  new  psychic! 
from  South  America.—  26,  1925,  509-11.  Michael,  O.—  Be^ 
trachtungen  liber  die  Nymphaliden  der  Amazonasebene  und 
der  angrenzendcm  teile  der  andinen  region.  —  14,  xxxix, 
185-88.  (Cont.)  *Niepelt,  W.  —  Neue  und  wenig  bekannte 
sudamerikanische  tagfalter.  —  18,  xix,  352-4.  *Prout,  L.  B. 
—  New  Geometridae.  —  71,  xxxiii,  1-32. 


XXXvH,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  187 

DIPTERA.— Ballou,  L.  M.— Some  dipterous  galls  of  Cali- 
fornia.— 13,  xviii,  25-32.  Freeborn,  S.  B. — The  mosquitoes 
of  California. — Univ.  Cal.  Pub.,  Knt..  iii,  333-460.  Gianfer- 
rari,  L. — Esperienze  di  alimentazione  di  Calliphora  erythro- 
cephala  con  corticale  e  midollare  surrenale. — At.  Soc.  Ital. 
Sci.  Nat.  Mus.  Civ.  Milano.  Ixiv,  219-29.  Keeler,  C.  E.— Re- 
cent work  by  Gabritschevsky  on  the  inheritance  of  color  var. 
in  Volucella  bombylans. — 5,  xxxiii,  22-7.  Langeron,  M.— 
Sexualite  des  larves  de  moustiques. — An.  Parasit.  Hum.  et 
Comp.,  iv,  126-35.  MacGregor,  M.  E. — Some  effects  of 
electric  current  on  mosquito  development. — 22,  xvi.  315-17. 
Ruebsaaman  &  Hedicke. — Die  cecidomyiden  und  ihre  ceci- 
dien. — Zoologica,  xxix,  Lief.  1,  Heft  77,  112  pp.,  pis. 
Solowiow,  P. — Zur  biologie  von  Anopheles  maculipennis. 
-20,  xli,  9-10.  Thompson,  W.  R. — Recherches  sur  les  lar- 
ves des  Tachinaires  Strumia,  Winthemia,  Carcellia  et 
Exorista. — An.  Parasitol.  Hum.  et  Comp.,  iv,  111-25. 

(N)   Aldrich,  J.  M. — On  the  status  of  the  generic  name 
Anthrax    Scop.     What    is    Oestrus    nasalis    Lin.?- — 15,    xiv. 
12-15;  15-16.     *Alexander,  C.  P. — Undescribed  sps.  of  crane 
flies  from  U.   S.  and  Canada.— 15,  xiv,   19-24.    Duda,   O.- 
Monographie    der    Sepsiden. — 120,   xxxix,    1-153.     Johnson, 

C.  W. —  Distribution  of  Muscina  pascuorum  in  America. — 5, 
xxxiii,  20-1.     *Rogers,  J.  S. — A  new  Dicranomyia  allied  to 

D.  immodesta   (Tipulidae).— 39,  ix,  49-52.    *Townsend,  C. 
H.  T. — Xew  Holarctic   Muscoidea. — 15,  xiv,  24-41. 

(S)   *Bertoni,  A.  W. — Nuevo  Phlebotomus  o  karachai  del 
Paraguay. — Rev.   Soc.  Cien.   Parag.,  ii,  79.    Dyar,  H.  G.- 
Note  on   Phalangomyia.     Larva  of   Dendromyia   intonca.— 
15,  xiv,  41-3;  43-4.     *Komp,  W.  H.  W.— A  new  Culex  from 
Honduras. — 15,    xiv.    44-5.      *Seguy,    E. — Etude    sur    quel- 
ques  Calliphorines  testaces  rares  ou  pen  connus. — 153,  1925, 
439-41.     *Shannon,  R.  C. — The  occurrence  of  Phlebotomus 
in  Panama. — Jour.  Wash.  Acad.  Sci.,  xvi,  190-3. 

COLEOPTERA.— (N)  Falcoz,  L.— Position  systema- 
tique  des  genres  Diphyllus  et  Diplocoelus. — 59,  (B),  Col.. 
i,  69-73.  Fleutiaux,  E.— Remarques  et  observations  sur  le 
Catalogue  des  Elateridae,  Ire  part,  de  Schenkling. — 24,  xcv, 
91-112. 

(S)  Bertoni,  A.  W.— Coccinelidos  del  Paraguay.— Kev. 
Soc.  Cien.  Paraguay,  ii,  74.  *Bryant,  G.  E.-  New  >pirie> 
of  Phytophaga.  [one  from  Haiti].— 75,  xvii.  403-10.  ::Thery, 
A. — Recherches  synonymiques  sur  les  Huprestides  et  descr. 
especes  nouvelles.— 33,  Ixvi,  33-74.  *Wendeler,  H.-  Zwei 
neue  Taenodema-arten  aus  Costa  Rica  (Staphylinidae). 
—47,  iii,  147-8. 


188  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '26 

HYMENOPTERA.— Hannes,  .  F.— Bienenflugton  und 
fliig-elschlag-zahl.— 107,  xlvi,  129-42.  Karawajew,  W.— 
Ijeber  den  nestbau  von  Polyrhachis  tubifex  (Formicidae). 

—107,  xlvi,  143-5.  Metalnikov  et  Chorine. — Due  role  jour 
les  hymenopteres  dans  1'infection  de  Galleria  mellonella. 

-69,  clxxxii,  729-30.  Pagden,  H.  T. — Observations  on  the 
habits  and  parthenogenesis  of  Methoca  ichneumonidae 
fVespoidea).— 36,  1925,  571-98.  Schwartz,  H.  F.— Some  in- 
teresting- habits  of  our  native  bees. — Natural  History,  xxvi, 
159-63.  Stadler,  H. — Drohnenbriitigkeit  bei  wespen. — 154, 
Ixvi,  92-6. 

(N)  *Gahan,  A.  B. — Notes  on  Encyrtidae  (Chalcidoidea) 
bred  from  psyllids,  with  descr.  of  a  n.  sp. — 22,  xvi,  373-5. 
Santschi,  F. — Trois  notes  myrmecologiques. — 24,  xcv,  13-28. 
*Viereck,  H.  L. — Descr.  of  new  bees  of  the  genus  Andrena 
in  the  collection  of  Pomona  College. — 13,  xviii,  1-5. 

(S)  .  *Bertoni,  A.  W. — Himenopteros  nuevos  o  poco  cono- 
cidos. — Rev.  Soc.  Cien.  Paraguay,  ii,  74-9.  Cockerell,  T. 
D.  A. — Descr.  and  records  of  bees.  ClX. — 75,  xvii,  301-9. 


SPECIAL  NOTICES 

La  plaga  de  la  langosta  en  Mexico.  Publicado  por  el  de- 
partamento  de  informacion  y  propanganda.  Junta  Nacional 
Directora  de  la  Campana  Contra  la  Langosta.  Veracruz. 
This  publication,  of  small  octavo  size,  179  pp.,  ill.,  con- 
tains general  information  about  the  migratory  locust  and 
its  ravages  in  Mexico. 

APPLIED  ENTOMOLOGY.  An  Introductory  Text-Book  of  In- 
sects in  their  Relation  to  Man.  By  H.  T.  FERNALD.  Second 
Edition.  McGraw  Book  Co.,  Inc.,  New  York.  395  pp.  $3.50. 

The  first  edition  of  this  book  appeared  in  1921  and  was  re- 
viewed in  the  NEWS,  vol.  xxxii,  p.  285.  The  second  edition 
shows  very  little  change  in  contents,  so  we  will  refer  the  reader 
to  our  earlier  review,  confining  the  present  note  to  the  additional 
matter  incorporated,  of  which  the  following  may  be  mentoned: 
The  Mexican  Bean  Beetle  and  the  Oriental  Fruit  Moth  are 
among  the  additional  pests  included.  Mention  is  made  of  the 
discovery  in  Florida  of  a  member  of  the  new  order  Zoraptera ; 
and  additional  facts  concerning  leaf  hoppers  and  lepidopterous 
borers  are  given.  "The  chapter  on  1  fymenoptera  has  been  con- 
siderably rearranged  to  bring  it  more  nearly  into  agreement 
with  the  order  followed  by  Comstock  in  the  new  edition  of  his 

Introduction  to  Entomology a  chapter  has  been  added,  , 

dealing  with  injurious  animals  more  or  less  related  to  insects 
with  which  the  entomologist  is  expected  to  cope,"  such  as  ticks, 
spiders  and  mites.  E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 


XXXVH,    '26]  KXTO.MOI.OIilCAL     XF.\YS 

Doings  of  Societies. 

The  American  Entomological  Society. 

Meeting  of  December  17,  1925,  in  the  hall  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Skinner  presiding.  Thir- 
teen members  and  visitors  were  present. 

The  meeting  was  opened  to  nominations  of  officers  and  com- 
mittees. Dr.  Skinner  and  Dr.  Calvert  were  nominated  for 
president,  in  succession,  but  both  declined  the  nomination. 
Other  nominations  were  made  to  be  voted  on  at  the  January 
meeting. 

Mr.  F.  M.  Jones  made  a  short  communication  on  a  future 
publication  of  his  on  Psychicl  moths. 

Dr.  Skinner  made  a  few  remarks  on  the  Satyrinae  and  illu- 
strated with  mounted  specimens. 

Meeting  of  January  28,  1926,  in  the  same  hall.  Dr.  Skinner 
presiding.  Fourteen  members  and  visitors  weie  present. 

The  annual  reports  of  the  Recording  Secretary  and  the 
Librarian  were  read.  Mr.  Cresson,  Jr.,  read  an  informal  report 
of  the  Treasurer,  which  was  referred  to  the  Finance  Committee 
for  audit.  Mr.  Rehn  read  the  report  of  the  Publication  Com- 
mittee and  a  supplementary  report  of  a  later  meeting  of  the 
same  committee.  The  report  of  the  Committee  on  Collecting 
Trips  was  read  with  a  program  of  trips  for  the  1926  season. 

A  motion  made  by  Mr.  Cresson,  Jr.,  that  "until  further 
notice,  meetings  be  held  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  January, 
February,  March,  April.  May,  September  and  October,  and  on 
the  third  Thursday  of  November  and  December,"  was  passed. 

A  motion  was  made  and  passed:  "It  is  suggested  that  at  the 
meetings  to  be  held  in  February,  April,  September  and  Xovem- 
ber  of  this  year,  only  business  of  an  important  nature  be  pre- 
sented, these  meetings  to  be  considered  as  meetings  during 
which  members  and  visitors  may  consult  the  collections  and 
library  under  the  supervision  of  the  responsible  officers  and 
their  representatives." 

Dr.  Henry  Skinner  was  elected  to  honorary  membership. 
Mrs.  C.  Reed  Carey  was  elected  a  resident  member.  The  fol- 
lowing nominees,  of  the  December  meeting,  were  elected  unani- 
mously for  1926:  R.  C.  Williams,  President;  P.  Laurent,  J 'ice- 
President ;  J.  A.  C.  Rehn,  C'r>r;v.v/\ >;/<//;/-  Secretary ;  R..  J.  Tith- 
erington,  /\cc<>rdin^  Secretary;  F.  T.  Cresson,  Jr..  Treasurer: 
E.  T.  Cresson.  Jr.,  Librarian:  \\  .  }.  Coxcy,  ('urator. 

riinmee  Committee — -II.  Skinner,   M.    llebard.  \V.  J.  Coxey. 

Publication  Committee — J.  A.  ( ',.  Rehn.  P.  I'.  Calvert,  II. 
Skinner. 


190  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '26 

Library  Committee —  F.  M.  Jones,  F.  R.  Mason.  W.  J.  Coxey. 

A  motion  by  Mr.  Hornig,  giving  Dr.  Skinner  and  Dr.  Calvert 
a  vote  of  thanks  for  past  services  was  approved.  Mr.  Rehn 
moved  that  honorary  members  receive  publications  of  the  So- 
ciety free  of  charge ;  approved. 


Meeting  of  February  25,  1926,  in  the  same  hall.     Mr.  Wil- 
liams presiding.    Eight  members  and  one  visitor  were  present. 

The  meeting  was  adjourned  and  given  over  to  identification 
of  specimens  and  consultation  of  the  library  by  members. 

R.  J.  TITHERINGTON,  Recording  Secretary. 


Kansas  Entomological  Society. 

The  second  annual  meeting  of  the  Kansas  Entomological 
Society  was  held  on  April  24th.  at  Lawrence,  Kansas.  The 
program  consisted  of  informal  talks  on  the  entomological  prob- 
lems under  way  in  the  state.  Officers  selected  for  the  ensuing 
year  are  Dr.  R.  C.  Smith,  president,  and  R.  H.  Beamer,  sec- 
retary. 


OBITUARY. 

DR.  ERNST  EVALD  BERGROTH. 

The  eminent  Finnish  Entomologist,  Dr.  Ernst  Evald  Berg- 
roth,  passed  away  on  the  22nd  of  November,  1925,  in  his  68th 
year.  He  was  born  in  Jakobstadt,  April  1st,  1857,  and  very 
early  developed  an  abiding  interest  in  natural  history.  He 
entered  the  University  of  Helsingsfors  when  17  years  of  age, 
taking  a  course  in  mathematics  and  natural  sciences.  In  1879, 
shortly  before  concluding  this  course,  he  changed  to  medi- 
cine. From  Helsingsfors  he  went  to  Stockholm  to  finish  his 
studies  and  there  received  his  diploma  to  practice  in  1886  and 
in  that  same  year  was  married.  All  during  this  period,  both 
at  Helsingsfors  and  at  Stockholm,  he  kept  up  his  interest  and 
study  of  natural  history.  While  at  Helsingsfors  Dr.  Bergroth 
came  in  close  contact  with  the  celebrated  Hemipterist,  Dr. 
O.  M.  Renter,  whose  scholarly  attainments  were  a  great  in- 
spiration to  him.  At  Stockholm  he  had  the  opportunity  to 
study  the  extensive  collections  of  Hemiptera  which  were  the 
basis  of  Stal's  classic  work.  Although  Dr.  Bergroth  did  not 
at  first  confine  himself  strictly  to  the  Hemiptera,  it  must  have 


Xvii,    '26]  ENTOiMOLOGICAL    NEWS  191 

been  largely  these  two  influences  in  his  life  which  later  nat- 
urally inclined  him  in  that  direction.  After  receiving  his  di- 
ploma he  practiced  medicine  in  Finland  from  1887  to  1905, 
first  as  Community  Doctor  at  Tammela  and  later  as  Chief 
Doctor  in  Tammerfors.  He  was  very  highly  regarded  as  a 
physician  in  his  native  country:  but  his  international  reputa- 
tion was  established  not  by  virtue  of  his  profession  but  because 
of  his  scholarly  contributions  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Hemip- 
tera  of  the  world. 

Dr.  I.ergroth  lived  in  the  United  States  from  1905  to  1911, 
going  first  to  Seattle,  Washington,  where  he  remained  for  a 
few  months  and  then  to  Duluth,  Minnesota,  where  he  prac- 
ticed medicine  during  1906  and  1907.  Later,  until  1911,  he 
lived  in  Fitchburg,  Massachusetts,  from  which  place  he  re- 
turned to  resume  practice  in  his  native  country.  While  in  the 
United  States  he  apparently  made  no  extensive  collections  of 
Hemiptera  but  he  did  visit  most  of  the  prominent  museums, 
borrowing  and  studying  material  which  formed  the  basis  of  a 
number  of  his  later  papers. 

He  was  an  excellent  linguist,  speaking  and  writing  a  number 
of  languages  with  equal  facility,  and  it  was  this  great  linguis- 
tic ability  which  helped  him  to  gain  such  a  wide  knowledge  of 
entomological  literature.  After  his  sojourn  in  the  United 
States  he  became  so  adept  in  the  use  of  English  that  most  of 
his  later  papers  were  written  in  that  language.  His  mastery 
of  tongues  also  gave  him  wide  opportunities  for  publication 
in  the  entomological  magazines  in  various  countries  of  Europe. 
It  was  a  wonderful  achievement  that,  leading  such  a  busy  pro- 
fessional life,  he  could  find  the  time  to  contribute  so  much  to 
the  knowledge  of  the  Hemiptera  of  the  world.  Altogether  from 
the  appearance  of  his  first  scientific  paper  in  1878  up  to  1925 
he  had  contributed  over  300  articles,  most  of  which  are  de- 
voted to  Hemiptera.  lie  did  not  find  the  time  to  write  ex- 
tensive monographs,  as  did  other  professional  Entomologists, 
but  all  his  papers  are  of  great  importance  to  the  student  ;  for 
they  contain,  besides  the  descriptions  of  new  species,  running 
comments  and  criticisms  which  add  greatly  to  the  value  of  his 
articles. 


192  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '26 

It  is  said  that  he  possessed  no  extensive  collection  but  availed 
himself  of  the  rich  store  of  specimens  in  various  museums.  In 
addition  to  this  much  material  passed  through  his  hands  from 
collectors  all  over  the  world.  The  Hemipterists  in  the  United 
States  have  always  been  much  impressed  by  the  wide  grasp 
of  his  knowledge  of  the  subject.  His  papers  as  they  came 
along'  at  frequent  intervals,  some  five  or  six  a  year,  were  ex- 
amined with  great  interest.  His  wonderful  memory  of  sys- 
tematized facts,  his  keen  analysis  of  salient  points  and  his 
clear,  fluent  method  of  expression  make  his  papers  most  inter- 
esting and  valuable  reading  to  the  systematise  He  was  quick 
to  detect  superficial,  careless  work  and  it  was  typical  of  the 
man  that  he  could  not  tolerate  such,  his  criticisms  being  often 
quite  caustic.  How  many  of  us  were  accustomed  to  refer  to 
him  some  question  of  doubt;  how  many  of  us  were  encouraged 
along  the  way  by  his  helpful  correspondence  ! 

Though  by  his  passing  the  Entomological  world  has  been 
deprived  of  these  helpful  personal  contacts,  it  has  been  left 
richer  in  inspiration  to  research  by  the  example  of  his  life. 

H.  G.  BARBER. 

Science  for  April  2,  1926,  announces  the  death  of  BENJAMIN 
PICKMAN  MANN,  on  March  22,  at  Washington,  D.  C,  where 
he  had  been  an  examiner  in  the  United  States  Patent  Office 
since  1887.  He  was  born  at  West  Newton,  Massachusetts,  April 
30,  1848,  received  the  A.  B.  from  Harvard  in  1870,  was  govern- 
ment entomologist  in  Brazil,  1870-71  ;  consulting  economic 
entomologist,  1872-81 ;  assistant  entomologist  and  assistant  in 
the  division  of  entomology,  U  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
1881-1886;  the  first  edito/of  Psyche  (  1874-85),  and  President 
in  1883  of  the  Cambridge  Entomological  Club,  of  which  he  was 
one  of  the  foundation  members,  January  9,  1874.  A  prominent 
feature  of  the  early  volumes  of  Psyche  was  the  ''Bibliographical 
Record,"  compiled  by  Mann,  who  devoted  himself  especially  to 
this  side  of  entomology. 

Dr.  HENRY  SKINNER  died  in  the  I'olyclinic  Hospital,  Phila- 
delphia, on  Saturday,  May  29,  after  a  short  illness.  A  fuller 
notice  will  appear  later. 


JULY,  1926 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXXVII 


No.  7 


JAMES  RIDINGS 
1803-1880 


,!',"    - 


CONTENTS 

Jone»— The  Rediscovery  of  "  Hesperia  bulenta"  Bdl.-Lec.,  with  Notes 

on  other  Species  (Lepid.  Hesperiidae) 193 

Hatch — Thomas  Lincoln  Casey  as  a  Coleopterist 198 

Metcalf — A  Killing  Bottle  for  Collecting  Small  Active  Insects 203 

Porter — In  South  America 204 

Champlain  and  Knull — Notes  on  Cerambycidae  with  Descriptions  of 

New  Species  (Coleop.) 205 

Herrick — The  "  Ponderable"  Substance  of  Aphids  (Homop.) 207 

Abbott — Notes  on  the  Habits  of  Formica  dakotensis  specularis  (Emery) 

(Hym.:  Formicidae) 210 

Weiss — Frank  Cowan  and  his  "  History  of  Insects" 212 

Editorial — Henry  Skinner , 215 

Changes  of  Addresses 215 

Personal  Mention .  215 

Entomological  Literature 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  IX. 


2a 


PROBLEMA   BULENTA  1,  U  cf,  2,  2A  9;     AMBLYSCIRTES  CAROLINA  5,  5A  $, 
A.  CAROLINA   REVERSA  3,  SA  cf,  4  9.- JONES. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  N E WS 

VOL.  XXXVII  JULY,   1926  No.  7 

The  Rediscovery  of  "  Hesperia  bulenta"  Bdl.-Lec., 
with  Notes  on  other  Species  (Lepid.  Hesperiidae). 

Jly  FRANK.MORTON  JONES,  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

(Plate  IX.) 

One  of  the  puzzles  handed  down  from  the  earlier  days  of 
North  American  lepidopterology  has  been  the  identity  of  "Hes- 
peria bulenta"  (Bdl.-Lec.,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  plate  67,  1833,  with 
figures  of  the  male,  female,  under  surface  of  the  female,  the 
larva  and  the  pupa,  all  reproduced  without  text  description  from 
drawings  by  Abbot).  Do  these  figures  represent  a  species  im- 
properly accredited  to  our  fauna?  Are  they  poor  drawings  of 
a  species  more  familiar  to  us  under  another  and  later  name? 
Or  does  such  an  insect  exist,  presumedly  in  coastal  Georgia,  but 
not  rediscovered  since  Abbot's  time? 

In  the  subsequent  literature,  the  name  has  been  variously 
treated:  from  Smith's  two  lists  (1891-1903)  it  is  omitted; 
similarly  from  Skinner's  Catalogue  (1898)  and  Supplement 
(1904),  and  from  Dyar's  List  (1902);  Edwards  (1872)  lists 
it  as  a  valid  species,  accrediting  it  to  "Gulf  States";  in  his 
Catalogue  of  1877  he  refers  his  own  species,  palatka,  to  the 
synonymy  under  bulenta:  and  in  his  revised  Catalogue  of  1884 
he  restores  palatka  and  lists  bulenta  among  species  omitted  for 
want  of  authentication;  Strecker  (1878)  lists  ''pilatka1  Edw. 
as  a  synonym  of  bulenta  IUll.-Lec. ;  Scudder  (1871)  lists 
bulenta  among  species  he  has  been  unable  to  examine  or  de- 
termine, and  in  1889  he  refers  bulenta  Streck.  to  palatka  Edw., 
but  states  that  bulenta  15(11. -Lee.  is  not  the  same  insect:  Marnes 
&  McDunnough  (1917)  place  bulenta  15dl.-Lec.,  with  a  query. 
under  byssus  Edw.  (if  identical,  bulenta  would  have-  priority)  ; 
and  Lindsey  (1921)  says  he  follows  McDunnough  in  placing 
bulenta  "tentatively  as  a  synonym  of  b\ssus"  ;  Skinner  \-  \\il- 
liams  (1924)  dissent  from  previous  identifications  and  from 
the  relegation  of  the  name  to  the  synonymy,  and  list  bulenta 

193 


194  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Juty,  '26 


as  a  species  not  available  for  study  but  included  in  their  genus 
ProbI  ana,  with  byssus  Edw.  the  genotype.  We  have  then,  Ed- 
wards, Scudder,  Skinner  &  Williams,  in  their  final  references, 
agreeing  that  bnlcnta  Bdl.-Lec.  must  be  distinct  from  our  recog- 
nized allied  species. 

In  July,  1925,  the  Writer  made  a  collecting  trip  through 
coastal  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  with  Wilmington,  North 
Carolina,  as  his  southern  limit  ;  at  this  point,  crossing  the  ferry, 
which  at  frequent  intervals  connects  the  city  with  the  two-mile 
causeway  through  the  swamps  (old  rice  lands)  to  the  west,  he 
found  here  a  most  favorable  collecting  place,  especially  for  the 
Hcspcriidac;  the  embanked  roadway  offered  firm  footing,  the 
broad  ditches  on  either  side  were  choked  with  a  luxuriant  and 
varied  flora  ;  here  and  there,  abundant  blooms  of  Po<ntcderia 
attracted  the  larger  skippers,  among  which  viator  Edw.  and  an 
unrecognized  species  of  similar  size  were  frequently  noted  ;  at 
this  date  (July  28),  both  species  had  been  flying  for  some  time 
and  were  no  longer  in  prime  condition;  five  specimens  (two 
males,  three  females)  of  the  second  species  were  captured  in 
the  course  of  the  morning,  and  many  others  were  seen,  out  of 
reach. 

At  Dr.  Skinner's  suggestion,  these  insects,  which  do  not  be- 
long to  any  of  our  recognized  species,  were  compared  with  the 
Boisduval-Leconte  plate  of  bulcnta,  by  which  comparison  it 
becomes  apparent  that  they  most  probably  represent  the  true 
bulcnta  —  certainly  are  much  nearer  it  than  are  either  byssus  or 
palatka.  By  Lindsey's  keys  they  fall  to  the  genus  Atrytonc 
Scud.;  in  their  genitalic  structure  (Text  fig.  6)  they  are  close 
to,  but  abundantly  distinct  from,  byssus  Edw.,  thus  confirming 
the  rather  remarkable  prevision  of  Skinner  &  Williams  in  as- 
signing this  species,  with  byssus,  to  their  genus  Problana;  the 
following  description  and  the  accompanying  illustrations  (Plate 
IX)  should  simplify  future  recognition  of  the  species. 

Problema  bulenta  Bdl.-Lec. 

<$.  —  Head  and  collar  above  and  patagia,  golden  brown;  the 
thorax  posteriorly  and  the  abdomen  more  greenish;  beneath 
paler  and  duller,  the  palpi,  collar,  and  abdomen  almost  white; 


XXXvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  195 

* 

third  joint  of  palpi  black;  antennae  dark  above,  pale  beneath, 
annulate,  the  apiculus  ferruginous. 

\Yings  above  clear  yellow,  marked  and  bordered  with  blackish 
brown;  the  dark  basal  markings  of  bysstis  are  here  represented 
by  a  narrow  shade  following  the  cubitus  to  the  origin  of  Cu-,, 
by  the  darkening  of  the  sub-costal  and  radial  veins,  and  by  a 
few  scattered  dark  scales;  the  end  of  the  cell  is  conspicuously 
marked  on  the  yellow  ground  by  a  narrow  lunate  bar  of  even 
width,  which  merges  at  its  upper  end  with  a  dash  extending 
basally  along  the  radius  and  diffusely  to  the  costa,  whence  dis- 
tally  it  joins  the  dark  border  of  the  outer  margin  ;  the  anal  vein, 
and  thence  to  the  inner  margin,  is  dark,  and  this  area  is  over- 
laid basally  with  yellow  hairs;  the  dark  outer  margin  widens 
at  the  apex,  and  from  opposite  the  cell  regularly  to  the  anal 
angle,  with  short  dentations  between  the  veins  and  with  a  faint 
diffuse  shade  of  scattered  scales  connecting  it  with  the  discal 
hmule ;  fringes  concolorous  with  the  dark  border. 

The  secondaries  have  the  costa  broadly  darkened  ;  the  dark- 
border  of  the  outer  margin  is  narrowest  opposite  the  cell,  thence 
widening  to  the  anal  angle  and  continuing  along  the  inner 
margin,  which  basally  is  overlaid  with  yellow  hairs;  the  cell  is 
included  in  the  yellow  ground,  a  few  dark  scales  at  its  distal 
end  indicating  a  discal  bar;  the  cubitus  and  its  branches,  espe- 
cially Cu2,  are  narrowly  darkened  on  the  yellow  ground; 
fringes  dull  yellow. 

l'>eneath,  both  primaries  and  secondaries  are  yellow,  the 
secondaries  without  marks;  the  primaries  are  deeper  in  color 
basally,  paler  and  duller  apically  ;  the  end  of  the  cell  is  marked 
with  a  bar,  less  conspicuously  than  above;  the  base  of  the  win- 
is  densely  black,  this  marking  not  reaching  the  costa,  but  filling 
the  base  of  the  cell,  following  the  cubitus  to  the  origin  of  (  iij , 
the  inner  margin  broadly  to  the  anal  vein,  and  the  outer  margin 
more  diffusely  to  Ciij,  with  scattered  dark  scales  on  the  pale 
ground  between  CuL>  and  the  anal  vein;  fringes  of  both  wing> 
pale  dull  yellow.  Expanse  33  mm. 

?. — Similiar  to  the  c?  in  ground  color,  but  with  the  dark  areas 
expanded  and  the  veins  darkened;  the  discal  bar  of  primaries 
becomes  part  of  a  broad  shade  which  extends  distally  to  partial 
fusion  with  the  outer  border;  the  basal  shade  widens  to  include 
the  base  of  the  cell,  and  the  whole  costal  area  is  darkened  and 
basally  overlaid  with  ferruginous. 

The  secondaries  have  a  broad  bar  closing  the  cell  and  in  con- 
tact with  the  costal  border;  and  the  darkening  of  the  cubitus 
and  its  branches  splits  up  the  yellow  area.  I'.eneath.  the  secon- 
daries are  bright  clear  yellow,  without  marks;  the  primaries 


196 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[July,  '26 


show  more  tendency  toward  ferruginous,  and  the  black  basal 
area  fills  the  cell ;  the  diffusely  blackened  area  of  the  outer 
margin  below  Cu^  is  broader  than  in  the  c?,  and  between  this 
and  the  densely  black  basal  area  the  ground  pales  to  almost 
white.  Expanse  40  mm. 

The  c?  insect  here  described  as  bit  lent  a  agrees  with  the  Bcll.- 
Lec.  plate  in  the  absence  of  a  sex-mark  (palatka  <S  has  a  black 
sex-mark,  a  character  too  conspicuous  to  have  been  overlooked 
even  by  a  careless  draughtsman),  in  its  narrow  lunate  discal 
marking,  and  in  its  almost  clear  yellow  basal  area  (byssus  c?  has 
a  broad  diffuse  bar  at  the  end  of  the  cell,  and  is  widely  darkened 
basally)  ;  in  both  sexes,  insect  and  plate  are  in  such  detailed 
agreement  that  little  doubt  of  their  identity  remains ;  the  most 
obvious  difference,  the  conspicuous  division,  on  the  plate,  of  the 
yellow  marking  of  the  secondaries  of  the  c?,  may  readily  be  due 
to  exaggeration  by  the  copyist  of  the  normally  darkened 


Genitalia  of  Problema  bulenta  if. 

The  <$  from  which  the  drawing  of  the  genitalia  was  made 
(with  the  micro  slide),  and  the  ?  illustrated  on  Plate  IX,  have 
been  deposited  in  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadel- 
phia; the  other  c?  whose  capture  is  recorded,  at  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York;  a  ?,  in  the  Barnes 
Collection  at  Decatur ;  the  remaining  ?  in  the  collection  of  the 
author. 

On  the  trip  referred  to  above,  in  company  with  Mr.  Henry 
Bird,  the  writer  visited  the  Great  Dismal  Swamp  area  of  eastern 
Virginia.  Making  Suffolk.  Va.,  our  headquarters  (July  22  to 


XXXvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  197 

26),  we  found  ready  access  to  the  swamp,  on  foot,  along  the 
embankment  of  the  Jericho  Ditch  and  also  along  the  ramifica- 
tions of  a  logging  railroad  which  enters  the  swamp   from  its 
western    margin    a    few    miles    further    south.       Open    areas 
abounded  in  blooming  Clcthra,  which   with  other  flowers  at- 
tracted the  Hcspcriidac  in  some  abundance;  among  our  inn-r- 
esting captures  were  bright   fresh   specimens  of   .  I  inhl vscirtcs 
tc.rtor   Hbn.,   several   newly   emerged   males    (no    females)    of 
Poancs  ychl  Skinner  (extending  the  known  range  of  the  species, 
its  identity  confirmed  by  a  study  of  the  genitalia),  and  speci- 
mens which  we  at  the  time  referred  to  Amblyscirtcs  (  J^iph\cs 
Dyar)  Carolina  Skinner.   In  comparing  this  latter  series  with  the 
type  material  of  Carolina  it  became  apparent  that   while  they 
seem  in  full  agreement  structurally  and  in  the  markings  of  the 
upper  surface,   the  under  surface  of  secondaries  shows  such 
decided  divergence  that  their  identity  is  seriously  questionable. 
The  type  description  of  Carolina   reads,  "Underside: 
Inferiors  brownish  yellow,  distinctly  spotted  with  dark  brown 
dots" ;  the  Great  Dismal  Swamp  insects  reverse  this  character, 
having  the  ground  color  of  secondaries,  beneath,  dark  with  the 
spots  pale;  nor  do  the  spots  of  the  two  forms  seem  to  be  identi- 
cal in  position.     Further  investigation  shows  that  these  differ- 
ences are  neither  sexual  nor  seasonal,  and  that  the  doubtful 
form  is  by   no  means   confined   to  the   Great   Dismal   Swamp 
region.     Mr.  R.  C.  Williams,  Jr.  finds  no  significant  genitalic 
differences,  but  considers  this  condition  inconclusive  of  specific 
identity.      With    this   uncertainty  of   status,    the   new    form    is 
described  as 

Amblyscirtes  Carolina  reversa  n.  var. 

c?  and  $. — Differing  from  typical  Carolina  in  coloration  of 
under  surface  of  secondaries,  which  in  rci'crsa  are  russet  brown 
in  ground  color,  more  or  less  overlaid,  especially  along  the 
veins,  with  yellow  scales,  and  with  a  variable  number  of  yellmv 
spots;  when  the  maximum  number  of  spots  is  present,  these 
show  arrangement  in  two  ronghlv  semi-circular  rows,  the  inner 
Cat  basal  quarter  of  the  wing)  consisting  of  four,  the  outer 
(intervenular,  beyond  the  middle  I  of  seven  spots. 

Variation   in  the  amount  of  yellow  powdering  indicates  the 


198  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Juty,  '26 

possibility  that  typical  Carolina  may  result  from  a  preponderance 
of  yellow  suffusion,  leaving  the  dark  ground  in  the  form  of 
scattered  spots. 

Holotype  d,  allotype  ?,  in  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
Philadelphia ;  paratype  <$  and  ?,  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  New  York ;  paratype  c?  in  collection  of  E.  L.  Bell ;  all 
of  these  from  type  locality,  Suffolk,  Virginia,  July  22-24,  1925. 
Paratype  c?,  Southern  Pines,  North  Carolina,  VII.2S.1911,  in 
the  Barnes  collection ;  four  paratypes  retained  in  the  collection 
of  the  author,  1  <$,  1  ?  of  type  locality  and  date ;  1  c?,  Summer- 
ville,  South  Carolina,  IV.20.1907;  1  ?,  Southern  Pines,  North 
Carolina,  VII.28.1911. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  IX. 

Problcina  bulcnta  Bdl.-Lec.,  1,  la,  male;  2,  2a,  female. 
Amblyscirtes  Carolina  Skinner,  5,  5a,  female  (paratype). 
Amblyscirtes  Carolina  revcrsa  Jones,  3,  3a,  male ;  4,  female. 


Thomas  Lincoln  Casey  as  a  Coleopterist. 

By  MELVILLE  H.   HATCH, *   University  of  Michigan, 

Ann  Arbor,   Mich. 
(Continued  from  page  179.) 

Furthermore,  Casey  had  little  regard  or  interest  for  the 
bibliographical  aspect  of  his  subject.  In  one  connection  (20:3) 
he  purposely  refrained  from  considering  previous  work,  since 
he  "preferred  to  work  out  as  nearly  as  possible  an  original 
scheme,  which  by  comparison  with  the  others,  will  furnish  addi- 
tional coordinated  data  to  aid  future  students  in  this  very  diffi- 
cult subject"  (the  American  Platyninae).  He  was  criticized  in 
Germany  for  such  omission,  and  replied  that  he  was  too  much 
concerned  with  the  study  of  nature  to  spend  much  time  in 
learning  what  others  have  written  before  him  (08:163-165). 
This  attitude  was  the  more  remarkable  in  that  he  had  assembled 
a  coleopterological  library  of  unusual  completeness. 

Several  of  the  more  important  attacks  on  his  procedure  may 
be  mentioned.  Walther  Horn,  in  his  review  of  Casey's  activitv 

1  Contribution    from    the    Zoological    Laboratory   of    the   University    of 
Michigan. 


XXXvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  199 

in  the  Cicinclelidae  in  the  Genera  Insectornni  in  1915  (pp.  369- 
70,  443),  expresses  his  opinion  in  no  uncertain  terms.  Out  of 
99  new  names,  50  of  them  proposed  by  Casey  as  species,  he 
finds  86  superfluous,  and  the  remaining  thirteen  are  no  more 
than  races.  Of  19  new  forms  described  in  1914,  11  of  them  as 
species,  he  says  that  three-fourths  are  local  races  and  the 
remainder  synonyms.  Out  of  about  150  names  proposed  in 
Buprestidae  in  1909,  exactly  six  are  retained  as  valid  in  Leng's 
Catalogue  ( 1920:177-181  ),  the  work  being  that  of  A.  S.  Nico- 
lay,  W.  J.  Chamberlain  and  Leng  himself.  Out  of  34  names 
proposed  in  1912  in  OrtJiosoma  and  Prionns,  Leng  retains  four 
as  valid  (1920:266).  Casey  naturally  resented  these  attacks, 
especially  where  the  men  responsible  had  not  seen  his  types.  He 
insisted  that  no  adequate  estimate  of  his  activities  was  possible 
without  reference  to  his  material,  and  intimated  his  willingness 
to  have  his  types  consulted  (08:393). 

His  interests  were  all  in  the  direction  of  analysis.  A  species 
for  him  was  an  extremely  limited  group  admitting  little  or  no 
variation.  He  took  evolution  seriously.  He  decried  as  attacks 
on  the  inviolability  of  the  binomial  nomenclature  the  tendency 
of  such  scientists  as  Walther  Horn  in  Cicindelidae  and  Hans 
Roeschke  in  Cychrini  to  form  trinomial  and  quadrinomial 
names  (08:38-41).  He  was  not  at  all  in  sympathy  with  the 
tendency  of  these  authors  to  regard  a  species  as  a  group  of 
organisms  extending  over  a  considerable  area  and  involving 
numerous  subspecies  and  varieties,  each  in  its  turn  including 
a  considerable  range  of  individual  variation.  This  was  loose 
thinking.  These  groups  were  for  him  subgenera.  Casey  would 
have  said  that  he  could  not  be  sure  of  the  alleged  relationship 
and  that,  until  he  was,  the  only  thing  he  was  justified  in  doing 
was  to  describe  the  several  "taxonomic  units"  as  so  many 
entities.  Casey  is  never  impressed  by  the  nearness  of  a  relation- 
ship. For  him  a  species  is  ''not  at  all  closely  related"  to  any 
other  species  or  "extremely  isolated." 

The  same  principle  that  he  applied  to  species  he  applied  to 
genera.  Here,  especially  in  such  groups  as  the  I'terostichini 
and  I'latynini,  his  criterion  seems  to  have  been  an  habitudinal 
one,  as  opposed  to  the  more  structural  ones,  involving  definite 


200  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  []uty,  '26 


variations  of  mouth-parts  or  some  such  structure.  Bcmbidion 
(369  species)  and  Har  pains  (117  species)  bear  witness  to  the 
fact  that  large  genera  in  themselves  were  not  objectionable  to 
him.  In  the  last  analysis,  a  genus  was  a  matter  of  personal 
opinion  (85  :335). 

Casey's  position  on  matters  of  nomenclature  may  be  summed 
up  as  follows  :  (  1  )  The  necessity  for  adequate  descriptions. 
Types  at  best,  will  hardly  outlast  more  than  a  few  centuries, 
a  description  "printed  in  unalterable  carbon,  .  .  .  will  en- 
dure for  unlimited  time,  if  not  in  its  original  shape,  at  least  in 
.  .  .  photolithographic  reproduction"  (89:323).  The  value 
of  figures  he  recognized,  but  except  in  his  first  paper  he  never 
overcame  the  technical  difficulties  connected  with  their  prepara- 
tion. Casey  looked  forward  to  the  time,  several  centuries 
hence,  when  even  his  descriptions  would  be  regarded  as  utterly 
inadequate,  when  the  absolute  and  not  merely  the  relative  meas- 
urement of  every  portion  of  the  exoskeleton  of  even  the  most 
minute  specimens,  would  be  required.  (2)  The  inviolability 
of  the  generic  name:  In  whatever  form  it  was  first  proposed, 
regardle.ss  of  good  or  bad  philology  or  other  errors  of  tran- 
scription, provided  only  that  it  was  pronounceable,  in  that  form 
it  must  be  retained  (example,  Bcmbidion,  Monochamus}.  (3) 
The  inadvisability  of  trinomials  and  polynomials,  at  least  until 
detailed  investigation  gives  proof  of  the  affinity  of  the  forms. 
(4)  The  admissibility  of  specific  or  other  descriptions,  regard- 
less of  the  language  in  which  they  are  written. 

Casey  must  be  regarded  as  a  prophet  of  the  infinite  com- 
plexity of  taxonomic  coleopterology.  He  started  out  with  the 
certainty  that  he  could  describe  species.  He  described  for 
forty  years,  and  was  on  the  verge  of  intellectual  bankruptcy 
when  he  died.  He  had  begun  to  see  things  that  he  could  not 
describe.  The  failure  to  provide  keys  to  the  tribes  of  Barinae 
(22:3)  and  the  statement  in  the  introduction  to  his  last  work 
(24:1),  that  in  certain  cases  "a  mere  description,  however  care- 
fully drawn  up,  often  fails  to  afford  certainty  of  identification. 
it  being  necessary  to  make  direct  comparison  with  types," 
can  be  interpreted  in  no  other  way.  Casey  was  a  prophet,  but 
whether  true  or  false,  the  future  only  will  disclose  —  a  future  of 


XXXVli,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  201 

which  he  was  not  unmindful  and  of  whose  verdict  he  was 
entirely  unafraid. 

With  the  utmost  concern  for  posterity,  his  collection  and 
library  were  left  to  the  National  Museum  in  Washington. 
There  a  special  room  was  provided  for  their  reception,  which 
Mrs.  Casey,  who  survived  her  husband,  generously  equipped 
with  two  binocular  microscopes  and  adorned  with  a  portrait 
in  oil  of  the  famous  coleopterist.  There  future  students  may 
continue  the  study  of  the  problems  in  which  Casey  was  so 
deeply  interested. 

In  writing  the  above  the  author  has  drawn  freely  from  Lena's 
(1925)  and  Schwarz  and  Mann's  (1925)  obituary  notices.  It 
should  be  pointed  out  that  the  present  study  is  based  entirely 
on  published  material,  and  it  is  entirely  possible  that  a  study  of 
correspondence  and  other  original  documents  would  necessitate 
a  modification  of  portions  of  this  paper. 

CHRONOLOGY. 
Year  Age 

1857  Born.  West  Point,  N.  Y.   (Feb.   19). 

1874-75     17-18     Sheffield  Scientific  School. 
1875-79     18-22     West  Point. 
1879          22  Second    Lieutenant    (June    13). 

1881  24          First  Lieutenant  (June  17). 

1882-83     25-26     Assistant  Astronomer  with  Transit  of  Venus 

Expedition  to  Cape  of  Good  I  lope. 

1883  26          Death  of  Leconte  (Nov.  15).     Publication  of 

Leconte  and  Horn:  Class,  of  Col.  of  Xo. 
Amer. 

1884  27          First  publications:  Cucujidae,   Contributions. 

Stenini.     Residence  in  Philadelphia. 

1,885          28          Henshaw :  List  of  Col.  of  Amer.  No.  of  Mex. 

1885-86  28-29  In  California,  published  in  Cal.  Ac.  Sci. 

(1885-87). 

1886          29          On  Greer  County  Commission,  Texas. 

1888  31  Captain  (July  23);  residence  in  XYwport. 

R.  I. 

1888-93     31-36     Residence  in  New  York. 

1889-97  32-40  Colcoptcrolo-ical  Notices.  I- VII.  (  X.  Y. 

Acad.  Sci.  i 

1890          33          Purchase  of   Levette  Cabinet. 

1895  38  Third   Supplement   to    llenshaw's  list. 

1895-99  38-42  Residence  in  Virginia  (Norfolk,  Fort  .Mon- 
roe). 


202  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July>  '26 

1897  40          Death  of  George  H.  Horn  (Nov.  24). 

1898  41  Married  Laura  Welsh  of  Philadelphia  (June 

1);  Major  (July  5);  stationed  at  Hamp- 
ton Roads,  Va. 

1898-190041-43  Published  in  Jr.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.  (Cisidae, 

Coccinellidae,  Dermestidae,  etc.) 

1901  44          Residence  at  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

1902-06  45-49  Mississippi  River  Commission,  residence1 

apparently  at  St.  Louis. 

1905-06  48-49  Published  in  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis 

( Staphylinidae  ) . 

1906  49          Lieutenant  Colonel   (Sept.  26). 

1906-10     49-53     Member  and  engineering  secretary  of  Light 

House  Board. 

1907  50          Residence  at  Washington,   D.   C,  after  this 

year. 

1907-09     50-52     Published  in  Wash.  Acad.  Sci.   ( Tenebrioni- 

dae,  Buprestidae). 

1909  52          Colonel  (Sept.  21). 

1910  53  Blatchley  :  Colcoptcra  of  Indiana. 
1910-24     53-67     Memoirs  on,  the  Colcoptcra  I-XI. 
1912                        Retired  (Alar.  1). 

1916  59  Blatchley  and  Leng:  Rhynchophora  of  N.  E. 

Amer. 
1920          63  Leng:   Catalogue  of  Colcoptcra  of  America 

North  of  Mexico. 
1925          67          Died,  Washington,  D.  C.   (Feb.  3). 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
BLAISDELL,  F.  E.     1926.    Thomas  Lincoln  Casey.     Pan-Pacific 

Ent.  2:90-91. 
HAMILTON,  JOHN.      1888.     Thoroughness    in     Entomological 

Tables.    Ent.  Amer.  4:78. 
HORN,  G.  H.     1885.     Synonymical  Notes.  (No.  3)  Ent.  Amer. 

1:108-113. 
HORN,  W.    1915.    Coleoptera  Adephaga,  Fam.  Carabidae.  Sub- 

fam.  Cicindelidae,  Genera  Insectorum  Fas.  82,  1908-1915. 
LENG,  C.  W.     1920.     Catalogue  of  the  Coleoptera  of  America, 

North  of  Mexico.     Sherman,  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 
LENG,  C.  W.     1925.     Thomas    Lincoln    Casey.     Ent.    News. 

36:97-100. 
SCHWARZ,  E.  A.,  &  MANN,  W.  M.     1925.     Colonel  Thomas 

Lincoln  Casey.     Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  27:42-43,  portrait. 
SMITH,  JOHN  B.     1885.     Book  Notices.     Ent.  Amer.   1  :58-5l). 


xxxvii,  '26] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


203 


A  Killing  Bottle  for  Collecting  Small  Active  Insects.1 

My  Z.  P.  METCALF,  Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 
The  usual  method  of  collecting  small  active  insects,  such 
as  leaf  hoppers,  etc.,  is  to  collect  them  with  a  strong  bag  and 
to  take  them  from  the  bag  by  means  of  small 
cyanide  vials  which  are  held  in  the  hand  with 
the  mouth  of  the  vial  closed  by  the  thumb, 
until  the  insect  has  settled  to  the  bottom.  In 
this  way  these  active  insects  may  be  collected 
rather  rapidly.  The  chief  limitation  of  this 
method  is  that  one  must  wait  until  the  insect 
has  settled  to  the  bottom  of  the  vial  or  be- 
come quiescent  before  he  can  remove  his 
thumb  to  scoop  up  another  specimen.  On 
account  of  this  delay  valuable  specimens  will 
often  be  lost.  The  limitations  of  this  method 
were  especially  noticeable  in  some  work  the 
writer  is  doing  on  the  ecological  distribution 
of  common  leaf  hoppers  in  our  mountain  pas- 
tures. In  this  work  it  is  desirable  to  secure  all 
the  specimens  collected  on  definite  areas.  But 
by  the  usual  method,  large  numbers  of  leaf 
hoppers  would  escape  from  the  beating  bag 
before  they  could  be  collected  in  the  cyanide 
vial.  We  tried  the  method  of  placing  the 
whole  bag  in  a  large  killing  bottle  and  wait- 
ing until  the  insects  were  killed  and  then  sort- 
ing out  the  leaf  hoppers.  But  this  method 
was  slow  and  the  labor  of  sorting  out  the  dead 
leaf  hoppers  from  the  weed  seeds  and  other 
trash  was  very  tedious.  Finally  we  designed  the 
killing  tube  shown  in  the  attached  cut  which 
has  proved  very  effective.  It  consists  of  a  piece  of  glass 
tubing  about  four  inches  long  by  an  inch  in  diameter.  One 

1  Published  with  the  approval  of  the  Director  of  the  North  Carolina 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station  as  paper  number  9  of  the  Journal 
Series. 


x 


204  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Juty,  '26 

end  is  closed  by  a  cork  stopper  of  suitable  size  which  carries 
a  small  vial  containing  cyanide.  The  other  end  is  closed  by 
another  cork  stopper  which  is  pierced  by  a  glass  tube  of  suffi- 
cient diameter  to  allow  the  largest  specimen  to  pass  and  just 
long  enough  to  project  beyond  the  cork  stopper  at  either  end. 
This  small  tube  is  closed  by  a  small  stopper  to  prevent  the 
escape  of  the  cyanide  fumes  when  the  tube  is  not  in  use.  In 
use  the  insects  are  scooped  up  by  means  of  the  smaller  tube  as 
rapidly  as  possible.  Usually  they  will  pass  through  the  tube 
with  a  single  leap.  Hence  the  necessity  of  having  the  tube  as 
short  as  possible.  Once  they  have  entered  the  larger  tube 
there  is  practically  no  chance  of  their  escape  even  though 
the  smaller  tube  is  open. 

The  cyanide  may  be  placed  in  a  small  vial  as  recommended 
above,  or  it  may  simply  be  packed  around  the  cork  and  cov- 
ered by  pieces  of  cardboard  cut  slightly  larger  than  the  tube 
and  pressed  down  firmly.  Tubes,  in  our  experience,  are  more 
desirable  than  vials  because  both  stoppers  may  be  easily  re- 
moved and  the  old  cyanide  taken  out,  the  tube  cleaned  and  new 
cyanide  inserted. 

The  writer  believes  that  this  same  method  may  be  used  to 
advantage  in  collecting  other  small  insects,  especially  those  that 
are  very  active.  Hence  he  thinks  it  is  worth  passing  on  for  the 
benefit  of  others. 


In  South  America. 

Mr.  A.  F.  Porter  wrote  from  La  Paz,  Bolivia,  on  March  18: 
"I  am  spending  a  few  days  in  the  capital  of  Bolivia  after  a 
day  at  Cuzco,  looking  over  the  Inca  ruins,  and  crossing  Lake 
Titicaca.  The  snow  caps  about  this  city,  some  of  which  are 
over  22,000  feet  elevation,  are  very  beautiful.  Was  out  to  the 
Museum  to-day  and  also  saw  an  interesting  private  collection. 
Will  leave  for  Lima,  Peru,  last  of  week  and  here  my  real  col- 
lecting will  begin." 


XXXVli,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  205 

Notes  on  Cerambycidae  with  Descriptions  of 
New  Species  (Coleop.). 

By  A.  B.  CHAMPLAIN  and  J.  X.  KNTLL,*  Penna.  Bureau  of 
Plant  Industry,  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania. 

The  following"  new  forms  and  notes  have  accumulated,  and 
are  presented  herewith. 

PARAOPSIMUS  New  Genus. 

Head  slightly  impressed  between  antennae,  mandibles  with 
tooth  near  apex,  eyes  divided,  antennae  extending'  beyond  apices 
of  elytra,  scape  reaching  little  beyond  front  margin  of  pro- 
thorax.  Thorax  widest  in  middle,  with  a  lateral,  acute,  turned- 
up  tubercle  just  back  of  middle,  another  rear  base  on  each  side, 
hind  margin  emarginate  in  the  arc  of  a  circle,  emargination 
filled  with  thin  corneous  plate.  Elytra  wider  than  thorax  at 
base,  sides  nearly  parallel,  rounding  in  apical  third  to  separately 
rounded  apices.  Prosternum  extremely  narrow  between  front 
coxae,  femora  clavate,  first  joint  of  hind  tarsus  longer  than  fol- 
lowing joints  united. 

Genotype  Paraopsimus  bidentatus  new  species. 

This  genus  is  proposed  for  a  species  which  does  not  fit  either 
Opsimus  Thorns,  or  Dicentrus  Lee.  It  differs  from  Opsimus 
Thorns,  by  having  two  lateral  spines  on  the  thorax,  and  from 
Dicentrus  Lee.  by  the  clavate  femora,  length  of  antennal  joints 
and  antennae,  the  first  joint  not  being  as  long  as  the  two  follow- 
ing joints. 

This  genus  should  be  placed  in  the  Saphanini  between  Opsi- 
horns, and  Dicentrus  Lee. 


Paraopsimus  bidentatus  new  species. 

Brunneous  above  and  below,  ochraceous  pubescence  sparse, 
ventral  surface  shining,  nearly  void  of  pubescence.  Head 
sparsely  punctate  on  front,  vertex  slightly  rugose,  punctures 
sparse;  antennae  reaching  beyond  the  end  of  elytra  in  female, 
second  joint  shorter  than  third,  third  and  fourth  joints  about 
equal  in  length,  fifth  longer,  following  joints  decreasing  in 
length. 

Thorax  wider  than  long,  convex  constricted  at  apex  and  at 
base,  sides  widened  to  back  of  middle,  strongly  constricted  tn 

*  Authors  names  arranged  alphabetically. 


206  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Juty,  '26 


base,  tubercles  as  stated  above,  surface  granulate,  center  slightly 

o  a  j 

depressed,  transverse  depression  at  base.  Scutellum  as  wide  as 
long,  rounded  posteriorly.  Elytra  with  sides  nearly  parallel, 
rounding  in  apical  third  to  separately  rounded  apices,  surface 
finely  granulate,  two  faint  costae  on  each  elytron,  surface 
sparsely  covered  with  very  fine  ochraceous  pubescence,  longer 
hairs  irregularly  placed.  Ventral  surface  of  thorax  slightly 
transversely  strigose,  abdomen  sparsely  punctate.  Length  12.5 
mm.  ;  width  2.5  mm. 

Ty[>c  a  female  in  authors'  collection,  labeled  Subalpine 
Region,  A.  L.  Lovett,  and  probably  from  the  State  of  Oregon. 

StrangaUa  abdoniinalis  Hald.  —  This  species  was  reared  from 
the  sapwoocl  of  a  dead  standing  bald  cypress  (Taxodium  dis- 
tich it  in)  collected  at  Cape  Henry,  Virginia. 

Lcptostylus  baliainicus  Fisher  —  Adults  of  this  recently  de- 
scribed West  Indian  species  were  collected  at  Paradise  Key, 
Florida,  April  4  and  April  10.  (Determinations  through  the 
kindness  of  Mr.  W.  S.  Fisher.  ) 

Ataxia  brunneus  new  species. 

Resembling  Ataxia  hubbardi  Fisher  in  size  and  form,  cov- 
ered above  and  below  with  recumbent  ochraceous  pubescence, 
intermixed  with  cinerous  on  ventral  surface,  semi-erect  hairs 
arising  from  the  irregular  punctures. 

Head  coarsely  punctured,  concave  between  antennae  tubercles, 
eyes  coarsely  granulate,  antennae  not  extending  to  end  of  elytra 
in  female,  annulated,  cinereous  recumbent  pubescence  on  all 
but  first  two  joints,  long  hairs  scattered  irregularly  over  joints, 
first  joint  with  slight  trace  of  cicatrix  at  apex. 

Thorax  wider  than  long,  widest  at  base,  constricted  anteriorly, 
sides  arcuate  from  base  to  apex,  an  acute  tubercle  in  middle  on 
each  side,  disk  irregularly  densely  punctured.  Scutellum  tri- 
angular, rounded  posteriorly.  Elytra  about  two  and  one-half 
times  as  long  as  wide,  wider  than  thorax  at  base,  sides  nearly 
parallel,  rounded  anteriorly  to  separately  rounded  apices,  disk 
irregularly  deeply  punctured,  punctures  larger  and  more  numer- 
ous toward  base.  Alesosternum  with  groove  more  prominent 
posteriorly. 

Abdomen  irregularly  lightly  punctured,  last  ventral  truncate 
at  tip,  broad  concave  depression  at  apex,  legs  covered  with 
cinereous  and  ochraceous  pubescence.  Length  12.5  mm.;  width 
4  mm. 


XXXvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  207 

Type  a  female  labeled  northern  I  Hindis,  in  the  collection  of 
the  authors. 

This  species  resembles  .-Ita.ria  hnbbardi  Fisher  very  closely, 
but  can  easily  be  separated  by  the  punctures  of  the  elytra  being 
finer  and  by  the  color  of  the  pubescence  on  the  dorsal  surface. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  \V.  S.  Fisher  for  comparing  the 
specimen  with  the  type  of  Ata.via  hnbbardi  Fisher. 


The  "Ponderable"  Substance  of  Aphids  (Homop.). 

P.y  GLENN  W.  HERRICK,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

The  number  of  species  of  living  insects  is  very  great.  A  late 
authority  says  that  there  are  470,000  species  of  insects  now 
known  and  it  is  estimated  that  the  total  number  now  living  is 
probably  more  than  two  millions.  To  visualize  the  number  of 
known  species  it  may  suffice  to  say  that  if  the  mere  names  of 
these  insects  were  printed  in  two  columns  to  a  page  with  45 
names  in  each  column  they  would  fill  ten  volumes  of  500  pages 
each  and  there  would  be  20,000  names  left  over.  This  enor- 
mous number  of  living  animals  must  find  food  and  find  it  in 
abundance  if  they  are  to  maintain  themselves  on  the  earth.  A 
consideration,  however,  of  the  number,  only,  of  species  of 
insects  on  the  earth  does  not  convey  the  full  significance  of  the 
real  situation  concerning  these  tiny  animals  and  their  relation 
to  man.  A  fuller  realization  of  the  role  of  insects  on  the  earth 
will  be  grasped  when  one  considers  the  number  of  individuals 
that  may  arise  in  any  one  of  the  existing  species. 

Many  years  ago  Huxley  estimated  that  in  the  course  of  ten 
generations,  supposing  all  of  the  individuals  to  survive,  the 
progeny  of  a  single  aphid  would  "contain  more  ponderable 
substance  than  500  millions  of  stout  men  ;  that  is,  more  than  the 
whole  population  of  China."  It  has  been  of  considerable  inter- 
est in  the  light  of  some  detailed  investigations  of  the  biology 
of  certain  aphids,  especially  the  common  cabbage  aphid  (Hrci'i- 
corync  bnissicac),  to  ponder  a  bit  over  this  estimate  of  1  luxley's. 

In  a  study  of  the  life  cycle  of  the  cabbage  aphid  the  insect 
was  carried  through  a  period  of  slightly  more  than  one  year 
(Mar.  31,  1910,  to  Apr.  6,  1911)  and,  in  that  time  was  found 


208  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jury>  '26 

to  produce  thirty  generations  with  an  average  of  12  2/5  days 
for  each  generation.  It  was  also  determined  that  each  female, 
on  the  average  produced  41+  young.  From  March  31  to 
August  15  there  were  twelve  full  generations  and  by  October  2, 
sixteen  generations  had  been  produced.  To  obtain  an  approxi- 
mate idea  of  the  total  number  of  individuals,  had  all  of  them 
lived,  present  on  October  2,  it  is  but  necessary  to  solve  a  simple 
arithmetical  problem  in  geometrical  progression  in  which  the 
first  term  is  1,  the  ratio  is  41,  and  the  number  of  terms  is  16, 
to  find  the  sum  of  the  series.  We  need  not  go  far  with  this 
problem  for  it  will  be  seen,  at  once,  that  41  raised  to  the  16th 
power  will  produce  a  number  that  will  reach  many  periods  to 
the  left.  It  will  be  worth  while,  however,  to  determine,  roughly, 
the  ponderable  substance  of  the  cabbage  aphids  that  might  be 
present  at  the  end  of  the  12th  generation  by  the  middle  of 
August,  if  all  of  the  progeny  were  to  survive.  Here,  again,  we 

Ix4112— 1, 
have  a  simple  problem  expressed  by  the  formula— 

41—1 

a  solution  of  which  indicates  that,  at  the  end  of  twelve  genera- 
tions if  all  lived,  there  would  be  564,087,257,509,154,652 
aphids  present,  supposing  room  could  be  found  for  them. 
What,  then  will  be  the  ponderable  substance  of  that  number  of 
aphids?  In  other  words,  how  much  will  564-odd  quadrillion 
cabbage  aphids  weigh  ? 

With  these  queries  running  in  mind  I  selected  four,  average, 
viviparous,  agamic  females  of  the  cabbage  aphid  and  taking 
them  over  to  my  colleague  in  chemistry  asked  him  to  weigh 
them  on  his  very  accurate  balance.  Three  of  the  aphids  were 
placed  in  the  pan  of  the  balance  and  the  weights  were  care- 
fully adjusted  when  the  chemist  said  "drop  on  the  other  one." 
I  did  so  and  for  the  moment,  I  was  as  much  interested  in  the 
cunning  and  deftness  of  the  hand  of  man  in  devising  and  fash- 
ioning an  instrument  so  sensitive  and  delicately  accurate,  as  I 
was  in  the  capacity  of  an  aphid  to  reproduce  itself.  The  fourth 
apid,  at  once  became  an  elephant.  The  balance  responded  with 
fearful  vigor  and  I  caught  my  breath.  The  long  slender  pointer 
raced  through  its  arc  and  appeared  sure  to  swing  out  into  space 
and  never  return;  but  it  did  return  and  a  little  delicate  adjust- 


XXXVii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  209 

inent  showed  that  the  four  aphids  weighed  just  5.6  milligrams, 
an  average  of  1.4  milligrams  each. 

A   simple   multiplication   demonstrates    then,     that     5M-odd 
quadrillion  aphids  present  on  August  fifteenth  would  actually 
weigh  789-odd  quadrillion  milligrams  which,  by  reduction,  gives 
789,722,160,512,816  grams.     If  now  we  consider  roughly  that 
30  grams  equal  an  ounce  avoirdupois  we  find  the   weight  of 
the  aphids  to  be  26,324,072,017,093  ounces  and  a  further  divi- 
sion by   16  gives   1,645,254,501,068  pounds   which  reduced  to 
tons  gives  us  the  staggering  number  of  822-odd  million  tons  of 
ponderable  substance  in  the  progeny  of  one  stem-mother  cab- 
bage aphid  born  on  the  last  day  of  March,  provided  they  all  sur- 
vive  and  are   present   on   the   fifteenth   day   of    the    following 
August.     In  the  face  of  the  foregoing  figures  the  estimate  of 
Mr.  Huxley  pales  into  insignificance,  for  500,000,000  stout  men, 
if  they  averaged  200  pounds  each,  would  weigh  altogether  but 
a  mere  bagatelle  of  50,000,000  tons.     Moreover,  the  cabbage 
aphid,  in  the  temperate  latitude  of  New  York  State,  has  a  com- 
paratively slow   reproductive  capacity.      If    we    consider    the 
melon  and  cotton  aphid  (Aphis  gossypii)  and  its  reproductive 
capacity  as  determined  in  Texas,  we  shall  find  that  the  average 
number  of  young  produced  by  a  single  female  is  84.4,  and  that 
the  number  of  generations  in  a  year  exceeds  those  of  the  cab- 
bage aphid.     The  melon  and  cotton  aphid  at  this  rate  in  ten 
generations  would  far  outstrip  the  estimate  of  Huxley,  as  any- 
one who  has  a  taste  for  the  multiplication  table  can  determine 
in  a  few  minutes.     The  common  "green-bug"  or  spring  grain 
aphid  (Toxoptcra  grainiinini ),  each  viviparous,  agamic  female 
of  which,  produces  an  average  of  59.8  young  would  also  greatly 
exceed  Huxley's  estimate. 

Do  our  figures  seem  fanciful?  We  must  admit  they  do. 
Do  they  indicate  a  probable  situation?  Certainly  not  one  that 
has  ever  happened  so  far  as  we  know.  Is  there  a  possibility 
of  such  a  thing  taking  place?  The  life  history  of  aphids,  their 
rate  of  reproduction,  and  infested  fields  of  wheat,  melons,  and 
cabbages  that  we  have  seen  certainly  indicate-  tremendous  pos- 
sibilities in  the  direction  of  tin-  figures  we  have  given.  Who, 
then,  shall  eventually  inhabit  the  earth,  man  or  insect?  I  am  not 


210  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jury>  '26 

particularly  pessimistic  about  the  answer  and  whenever  I  begin 
to  think  of  these  matters  I  always  recall  what  one  of  my  col- 
leagues has  said;  "If  you  want  to  hear  that  the  world  is  going 
to  the  bow-wows  just  listen  to  an  economic  entomologist  talk", 
and,  at  once,  I  return  to  sanity. 


Notes  on  the  Habits  of  Formica  dakotensis  specularis 
(Emery)  (Hym.  :  Formicidae). 

BY  C.  E.  ABBOTT,  B.A.,  Elgin,  Illinois. 

In  May,  1925,  east  of  the  city  of  Madison,  I  discovered  a 
few  colonies  of  Formica  dakotensis  specularis.  The  nest  which 
most  engaged  my  attention  was  located  on  the  side  of  an  em- 
bankment, and  varied  in  height  from  two  to  eighteen  inches. 
It  was  about  a  foot  in  diameter,  and  contained  a  central  core, 
about  twelve  inches  deep,  of  loose  sticks  and  similar  materials. 
When  the  loose  material  was  removed,  the  remaining  portions 
of  the  nest  were  seen  to  consist  of  earth  much  perforated  by 
tunnels. 

A  number  of  the  adult  workers,  larvae,  and  pupae  were 
transferred  to  an  artificial  nest.  Although  the  queen  was  not 
included,  this  fragment  of  the  original  colony  prospered  for 
nearly  a  month,  and  during  this  time  frequent  notes  were 
taken  on  the  behavior  of  the  insects. 

They  would  not  eat  much  pastry,  but  were  quite  fond  of 
apple,  the  buccal  pellets  of  which  could  be  seen  near  the  feed- 
ing place  or  on  their  dumping  grounds.  Flies  and  cockroaches 
placed  in  the  nest  were  killed  and  eaten.  The  ants  pursued 
the  intruders,  bit  off  their  appendages,  and  gradually  con- 
sumed all  but  the  harder  chitinous  parts. 

The  ants  cast  all  such  waste  materials  out  of  the  nest  or 
placed  it  in  definite  spots.  When  they  were  first  moved  into 
their  new  quarters,  they  took  with  them  a  number  of  sticks 
approximately  5  cm.  long.  Later  they  threw  these  into  the 
moat  that  surrounded  the  nest.  They  finally  put  all  their  trash 
into  one  of  the  larger  depressions  of  the  nest.  Sticks,  solid 
bits  of  toweling,  buccal  pellets,  and  the  hard  parts  of  insects, 
not  to  mention  dead  members  of  the  colony,  found  their  wav 
to  this  kitchen  midden.  The  bits  of  toweling  referred  to  were 


XXXVH,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  211 

taken  from  strips  that  supported  the  glass  over  the  nest.  The 
emmets  had  a  way  of  detaching"  separate  threads,  pulling  these 
apart  to  form  a  downy  mass,  and  covering  their  larvae  with 
this  soft  material. 

The  sense  of  smell  is  well  developed  in  F.  dakotensis  spccn- 
laris.  When  a  number  of  pupae  were  taken  from  the  nest 
and  placed  with  some  hits  of  wood  resembling  them  in  size 
and  shape,  the  ants  did  not  hesitate  to  carry  the  former  back 
to  the  nest.  The  sticks,  which  I  had  purposely  handled  with 
my  fingers,  were  attacked  and  deserted.  The  breath  was  suf- 
ficiently offensive  to  the  insects,  to  bring  them  out  in  great 
numbers.  If  the  face  was  near  the  nest  at  such  times,  a  sting- 
ing sensation  and  the  odor  of  formic  acid  were  evident.  The 
introduction  of  the  breath  into  the  nest  through  a  glass  tube 
threw  them  into  a  state  of  great  excitement.  They  rushed 
about  with  waving  antennae  and  open  jaws  ;  they  attempted 
to  bite  the  tubing;  some  carried  away  the  pupae  that  were 
nearest  the  tube.  Sticks  soaked  in  methyl  salicylate  or  pyri- 
dine  were  sedulously  avoided. 

Ordinarily  fond  of  honey,  the  insects  refused  to  eat  some 
which  contained  strychnine.  Some  tried  time  after  time  to 
eat  it,  but  the  presence  of  the  drug  evidently  prevented  them 
from  so  doing.  The  drug  was  very  evident  to  human  end- 
organs. 

F.  dakotensis  spccularis  seemed  very  sensitive  to  shock.  A 
slight  jarring  of  the  nest  threw  them  into  a  panic. 

These  ants  carried  their  pupae  from  white,  blue,  or  green 
light  into  complete  darkness.  They  do  not  react  to  red.  They 
appear  to  see  objects  at  some  distance.  This  is  especially  evi- 
dent when  their  behavior  is  compared  with  that  of  Cainf>ono- 
tus  pennsylvanicus,  which  is  aware  of  intruders  in  its  nest 
chiefly  by  smell,  and  will  snap  savagely  at  their  trails.  /;.  dako- 
Icnsis  spccnhiris  will  perceive  an  enemy  at  a  distance  of  several 
centimeters.  These  ants  fasten  their  jaws  to  an  object  with  a 
steady  grip.  \Yhile  thus  engaged  the}'  often  double  thr  gaster 
under  the  thorax. 

A  small  species  of  mite,  which  was  not  identified,  was  found 
in  the  nest.  Some  were  attached  to  the  legs  of  the  ants,  while 
others  were  wandering  freely  about. 


212  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,  '26 

Prank  Cowan  and  His  "  History  of  Insects." 

By  HARRY  B.  WEISS,  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey. 

It  is  doubtful,  in  these  days  of  esoteric  entomology,  if  many 
entomologists  are  familiar  with  Cowan's  "Curious  Facts  in  the 
History  of  Insects,  including  Spiders  and  Scorpions"  pub- 
lished by  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.,  in  1865.  To  the  erudite  it 
may  seem  fanciful  and  jejune,  but  to  those  who  desire  to  see 
insects  in  their  historical  settings,  Cowan's  book  will  prove  to 
be  interesting  and  diverting. 

It  is  actually  a  collection  of  statements  ransacked  from  the 
writings  of  Greek,  Roman  and  later  authors  dealing  with  early 
beliefs  and  superstitions  about  insects.  Books  of  travel,  history, 
poetry  and  suppletive  works  in  great  number  yielded  their 
entomology  to  Cowan's  industry.  Such  historical  setting's  are 
not  scientific  facts  as  we  understand  them  today,  or  even  as  they 
were  understood  in  1865,  and  although  some  of  the  assertions 
quoted  may  have  been  true,  others  are  obviously  absurd. 
Cowan  makes  it  plain  in  the  preface  to  his  book,  that  he  is  not 
concerned  with  the  natural  history  of  insects  or  with  the  actual- 
ity of  the  facts  that  he  presents,  but  that  he  is  dealing  for  the 
most  part  with  the  averments  of  various  writers. 

The  arrangements  of  his  material  by  orders  and  families  of 
insects  has  a  particular  appeal  to  one  with  some  knowledge  of 
entomology,  making  it  possible  to  locate  immediately,  the  myths 
about  an  insect  or  family,  and  does  not  detract  from  the 
enjoyment  of  the  non-entomological  reader.  Cowan's  book 
appeared  eleven  years  after  Jaeger's  "Life  of  North  American 
Insects"  and  both  were  written  apparently  for  the  general 
reader.  Cowan's  being  notably  free  from  periphrasis  and 
technical  abracadabra  and  bringing  together  as  it  does,  a  mass 
of  insect  mythology  is  the  more  valuable  of  the  two  and  fur- 
nishes a  sort  of  early  historical  background  for  the  study  of 
entomology. 

The  author  was  born  in  Greensburg,  Pennsylvania,  December 


XXXVli,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  213 

11,  1844.  His  father  Edgar  Cowan  was  United  States  senator 
from  the  same  state,  having"  been  elected  in  1861  by  the  people's 
party  and  serving-  until  1867.  Frank  Cowan  studied  at  Mount 
Pleasant  and  Jefferson  colleges  •  but  did  not  graduate  from 
either.  In  1862  he  became  secretary  of  the  senate  committee 
on  patents,  of  which  his  father  was  chairman  and  during  the 
vacations  of  congress,  read  law  with  his  father,  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1865. 

It  was  during  the  winter  of  1863-64,  when  having  the  use  of 
the  Congressional  Library  at  Washington,  he  began  at  the  age 
of  nineteen,  the  compilation  of  his  "History  of  Insects."  Glover 
was  the  entomological  expert  at  Washington  at  this  time  and 
his  early  writings  were  published  in  the  Reports  of  the  United 
States  Commission  on  Patents.  It  is  doubtful  if  Cowan  re- 
ceived any  help  from  Glover  during  the  compilation  of  his 
book.  No  mention  is  made  of  Glover  in  the  preface  where 
Cowan  discharges  his  obligations  to  other  persons.  In  1866 
Cowan  became  one  of  the  secretaries  of  President  Johnson. 
In  1867  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  in  the  Georgetown 
medical  college  and  received  his  degree  in  1869.  Thus  he 
lived,  worked  and  studied  in  Washington  at  a  time  when 
Andrew  Johnson  was  occupied  with  post-war  reconstruction, 
constant  conflict  with  the  Senate  and  his  impeachment  by  the 
House  of  Representatives.  Later  Cowan  wrote  under  the 
titles,  "The  Personnel  of  the  United  States  Senate  at  the  Close 
of  the  War  of  1861-65,"  and  "Reminiscences  of  Andrew  John- 
son." 

From  1869  until  1872  he  practised  medicine  in  Greensburg 
and  then  became  editor  and  proprietor  of  an  industrial  journal 
known  as  "Frank  Cowan's  Paper,"  which  continued  to  1875. 
In  1878  he  was  district  attorney  of  his  county  and  in  1880-81 
made  a  tour  of  the  world,  entering  Corea  in  advance  of  treaties 
between  that  and  other  countries  and  making  an  ethnological 
collection  as  well  as  sending  to  the  United  States  government, 
information  about  the  exports  and  imports  of  Corea.  In  1882 


214  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Juty.  '26 


he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  and  in  1884-85  made  a  second 
tour  of  the  world.  In  1^895-96  he  was  general  superintendent 
of  the  Westmoreland  Hospital  and  for  some  years  previous  to 
his  death  in  1905  devoted  his  time  to  fruit-growing  and  writing. 
His  versatility  is  shown  by  his  authorship  of  various  pam- 
phlets and  magazine  articles  dealing  with  medical,  historical, 
anthropological  and  evolutionary  subjects,  by  his  musical  com- 
positions, poems,  the  work  on  insects  referred  to  above  and 
the  following  list  of  books  which  does  not  aim  at  completeness. 
It  is  recorded  that  one  of  his  articles  "The  Hvidsaerk  Inscrip- 
tion at  the  Falls  of  the  Potomac"  (1866)  was  a  deception, 
which  although  instantly  explained,  found  its  way  into  Euro- 
pean books  of  reference.  "Zomara,  a  Romance  of  Spain" 
(Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  1873)  ;  "Southwestern  Pennsylvania  in  Song 
and  Story,"  with  as  appendix  of  Battle  Ballads  (Greensburg, 
Pa.,  1878)  ;  "An  American  Story  Book,  short  studies  from  life 
in  Southwestern  Pennsylvania"  (Greensburg,  Pa.,  1881); 
"The  City  of  the  Royal  Palm  and  other  Poems"  (Rio  de 
Janeiro,  1884)  ;  "A  Visit  in  Verse  to  Halemaumau"  (Honolulu, 
1885);  "Fact  and  Fancy  in  New  Zealand."  "The  Terraces 
of  Rotomohana:  a  Poem,"  etc.  (Auckland,  N.  Z.,  1885); 
"Australia,  a  Charcoal  Sketch"  (Greensburg,  Pa.,  1886); 
"Dictionary  of  Proverbial  Phrases  Relating  to  the  Sea." 

REFERENCES. 

Allibone's  Dictionary  of  Authors,  Suppl.  by  John  Foster 
Kirk. 

Appleton's  Cyclopaedia  of  American  Biography. 
Who's  Who  in  America,  1906-07. 

Grateful  acknowledgement  is  herewith  made  for  the  help 
received  from  the  State  Library  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  the 
Rutgers  College  Library  and  Mr.  George  L.  Walters  of  Phila- 
delphia, who  furnished  me  with  notes  referring  to  such  of 
Cowan's  publications  as  were  to  be  found  in  several  Phila- 
delphia libraries,  including  that  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical 
Society. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,  JULY,   1926. 

Henry  Skinner. 

The  two  men  to  whose  exertions  the  early  years  and  suc- 
cesses of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  were  due  have  passed  away 
within  six  weeks  of  each  other.  In  last  month's  issue  we 
recounted  our  debt  to  Ezra  Townsend  Cresson.  Now  we 
sorrowfully  try  to  realize  the  departure  from  this  life  of 
Henry  Skinner.  He  was  not  the  first  editor  of  the  NEWS,  but 
he  assumed  its  direction  two  months  after  its  first  appearance 
and  continued  as  its  pilot  until  December  15,  1910,  when  after 
nearly  twenty-one  years,  he  was  relieved  at  his  own  request. 
For  an  additional  period  of  sixteen  years,  as  Editor  Emeritus, 
his  assistance  has  always  been  available. 

We  plan  to  publish  an  account  of  his  life  and  work  in  the 
next  (October)  number  of  the  NEWS. 


Changes  of  Addresses. 

C.  L.  Frankenfield,  Box  85,  Keego  Harbor,  Mich. 
Arthur  B.  Wells,  Alicia,  Saginaw  Co.,  Mich. 
Ernest  J.  Oslar,  4189  Julian  St.,  Denver,  Colo. 
J.    W.    McBurney,    Industrial    Bldg.,    Bur.   of    Standards, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Clarence  O.  Bare,  Box  1182,  Plant  City,  Fla. 

James  G.  Needham,  6  Needham  Place,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


Personal  Mention. 

Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  is  president  of  the  Southwestern 
Division  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science. 

Dr.  A.  L.  Melander  has  resigned  from  the  Department  of 
Zoology  and  Entomology  of  the  Washington  State  College 
to  accept  a  position  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

215 


216  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [JubT>  '26 

May  I  ask  you  to  announce  in  one  of  the  forthcoming  issues 
of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  that  I  have  left  today  (May  15, 
1926)  for  England,  as  a  member  of  the  Harvard  African  Ex- 
pedition. We  expect  to  be  absent  from  the  States  for  about 
a  year.  The  party  is  under  the  leadership  of  Professor  R.  P. 
Strong,  Head  of  the  Department  of  Tropical  Medicine  of  Har- 
vard Medical  School.  There  are  eight  members  in  all.  The 
Expedition  will  carry  on  medical  and  biological,  investigations, 
in  Liberia  and  in  the  Belgian  Congo.  Jos.  BEOUAERT. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Ajachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

1 — Trans.,  American  Ent.  Soc.,  Philadelphia.  4 — Cana- 
dian Ent.,  Guelph.  5 — Psyche,  Cambridge, '  Mass.  6— 
Jour.,  New  York  Ent.  Soc.,  New  York.  7 — Ann.,  Ent.  Soc. 
America,  Columbus,  Ohio.  8 — Ent.  Monthly  Mag.,  London. 
9 — Entomologist,  London.  10 — Proc.,  Ent.  Soc.,  Washing- 
ton. 11 — Deutsche  Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Berlin.  12 — Jour,  of 
Economic  Ent.  15 — Insecutor  Inscitiae  Menstruus,  Wash- 
ington. 17 — Ent.  Rundschau,  Stuttgart.  18 — Intern.  Ent. 
Zeitschrift,  Guben.  19— Bull.,  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.  20- 
Societas  Entomologica,  Stuttgart.  26 — Ent.  Anzeiger, 
Wien.  36 — Trans.,  Ent.  Soc.  London.  50 — Proc.,  U.  S. 
National  Museum.  55 — Pan-Pacific  Ent.,  San  Erancisco. 
59 — Encyclopedic  Entomologie,  Paris.  60 — Stettiner  Ent. 
Zeitung.  61 — Proc.,  California  Acad.  Sci.  69 — Comptes  R., 
Acad.  Sci.  Paris.  72— EOS,  Rev.  Espanola  Ent.,  Madrid. 
75 — Ann.  &  Mag.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  London.  77 — Comptes  R.. 
Soc.  Biologic,  Paris.  104 — Zeit.  f.  Wissens.  Zool.,  Leipzig. 
107 — Biologisches  Zentralblatt.  Ill — Archiv  f.  Natur- 
geschichte,  Berlin.  113 — Jour.  Agric.  Research,  Washington. 


XXXVli,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  217 

126 — Revista  Chilena  Hist.  Nat.    130 — Ohio  Jour.  Scicmv-, 
Columbus.      135 — Quarterly  Jour.   Microscopic   Sci.      137- 
Archiv  f.  Zoologi,  Stockholm.    141 — Amer.  Naturalist.     142 
-Archiv  Zool.  Experm.  et  Gcnerale,  Paris.    154 — Zool.  An- 
zeiger,  Leipzig. 

GENERAL.— Bateson,  W.— The  evolution  of  the  colours 
and  patterns  of  cuckoos'  eggs  and  its  relation  to  that  of 
insect  resemblances,  such  as  mimicry.— 36,  1925,  p.  xcvi- 
civ.  Bergroth,  E.  E. — Obituary  notice. — 19,  xxi,  15-17. 
Brethes,  J. — Sur  quelques  insectes  de  San  Jose  de  Maipo. 

-126,  xxix,  34-5.  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Tertiary  fossil  in- 
sects from  Argentina. — Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  xi,  500-4.  Edelsten, 
H.  M. — Weather  conditions  affecting  collecting  by  light.— 
9,  lix,  147-8.  Emery,  C. — Obituary  notice  by  A.  Forel. — 
Bui.  Soc.  Vaud.  Sc.  Nat.,  Ivi,  23-4.  Felt,  E.  P.— The  phys- 
ical basis  of  insect  drift. — Nature,  London,  cxvii,  754-5. 
Felt  &  Bishop. — Science  and  scientific  names. — 141,  lx, 
275-81.  Hamlin,  J.  C. — Biological  notes  on  important  opun- 
tia  insects  of  the  U.  S. — 55,  ii,  97.  Harrison,  L. — Ecto- 
parasitic  insects  and  Pacific  problems.  [Abstract] — Proc. 
Pan-Pacific  Sci.  Cong.,  ii,  p.  1584-5.  Herms,  W.  B.— Effects 
of  parasitism  on  the  host  and  on  the  parasite. — 12,  xix, 
316-25.  Howard,  L.  O. — Parasitic  element  of  natural  con- 
trol of  injurious  insects  and  its  control  by  man.— 12,  xix, 
271-82.  Huard,  V.  A. — Du  role  dcs  insectes  dans  la  nature. 

-Le  Naturl.  Can.,  lii,  251-6  (cont.)  Jones,  D.  W. — Some 
notes  on  the  technic  of  handling  parasites. — 12,  xix,  311-16. 
Krausse,  A. — Ewonal,  ein  neues  einbettungsmittel. — 18,  xx, 
33-4.  McAtee,  W.  L. — Insect  taxonomy :  preserving  a  sense 
of  proportion. — 10,  xxviii,  68-70.  May,  E. — Die  tier  und  der 
winter. — Ber.  Senck.  Naturf.  Ges.,  Ivi,  1-7.  Onel,  A. — In- 
sectos  que  se  fingen  muertos. — 126,  xxix,  303-4.  Ruediger, 
E. — Der  Riickgang  der  insektenwelt. — 17,  xliii,  17-18.  Rued- 
iger, E. — Entomologie  und  zettelkatalog. — 17,  xliii,  15. 
Schulze,  Kuekenthal,  Heider,  Kuhlgatz. — Nomenclator  ani- 
malium  generum  et  subgcnerum. — Preuss.  Akad.  Wissens. 
zu  Berlin,  i,  Lief.  1  ;  A-Anaj.  Shelford,  V.  E. — Methods  1"<>r 
the  experimental  study  of  the  relations  of  insects  to  weather. 

-12,  xix,  251-61.  Weiss,  H.  B. — Samuel  Purchas  and  his 
"Theatre  of  political  flying  insects."-— 6,  xxxiv,  71-7.  Wood- 
ruff, L.  B. — Obituary  notice  with  bibliographv. — 6,  xxxiv. 
23-5. 


218  I:\TOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [July>  '26 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Fischer,  E.- 
Zum  industriemelanismus. — 18,  xx,  17-18.  Frederikse, 
A.  M. — Species  crossing  in  the  genus  Tenebrio. — Jour. 
Genetics,  xvi,  353-62.  Gadeau  de  Kerville,  H. — Resultats 
de  la  decapitation  et  greffe  de  la  tete  insectes  adultes  de 
differents  ordres.— 25,^1926,  47-52.  Galant,  J.  S.— Reflec- 
torische  blutungen  bei  tier  und  mensch. — 154,  Ixvi,  193-6. 
Hughes-Schrader,  S. — Spermatogenesis  in  Icerya  purchasi 
—a  correction. — Science,  Ixiii,  500-1.  Meissner,  O. — Fort- 
dauernde  parthenogenesis  bei  Carausius  morosus. — 17, 
xliii,  14.  Paillot  et  Noel — Sur  Torigine  des  inclusions  al- 
buminoides  du  coups  adipeux  des  insectes. — 69,  clxxxii, 
1044-6.  Poisson,  R. — Sur  la  constitution  du  chondrioine 
de  appareil  de  golgi  et  de  idiosome  dans  les  cellules  sex- 
uelles  males  de  Notonecta  maculata. — 77,  xciv,  1007-9. 
Reza,  A. — Recursos  alimenticios  de  Mexico,  de  origen  ani- 
mal poco  conocidos.  Hormigas  de  guijes  o  escamoles  (1), 
Lasius  eskamole  (2). — Rev.  Mex.  Biologia,  vi,  50-65. 
Sanchez,  D. — Relaciones  entre  los  ojos  de  las  orugas  y  los 
de  las  mariposas. — 72,  ii,  53-112  (cont.).  Sokolow,  A.  J.— 
Zur  frage  der  spermatophorbefruchtung  bei  der  wander- 
houschechke  (Locusta  migratoria).  Das  weibchen. — 104, 
cxxvii,  608-18.  Spencer,  W.  P. — Occurrence  of  pigmented 
facets  in  white  eyes  in  Drosophila. — 141,  Ix,  282-5. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Barbier  et  Still- 
munkes. — Syncope  adrenalinochloroformique  et  envenima- 
tions  (Venins  de  vipere  et  de  scorpion). — 77,  xciv,  1063-4. 
Emerton,  J.  H. — Spiders  eating  snakes. — 5,  xxxiii,  60. 
Joseph,  H.  C. — Moeurs  des  araignees. — 126,  xxix,  154-160. 
L.  M. — Araignees  venimeuses  du  Brasil. — La  Nature,  1926, 
158-60.  Merle,  R. — Araignees  hissant  des  coquilles. — La 
Nature,  Paris,  1926,  239-40.  Nath,  V.— Origin  of  yolk  in 
the  eggs  of  spiders. — Nature,  London,  cxvii,  693.  Paviov- 
sky  &  Zarin. — On  the  structure  and  ferments  of  the  diges- 
tive organs  of  scorpions. — 135,  Ixx,  221-61.  Simon,  E. — El 
aracnologo  E.  Simon.  Por  C.  E.  Porter. — 126,  xxix,  230-1. 

(N)  *Bishop  &  Crosby — Notes  on  the  spiders  of  the 
southeastern  U.  S.,  with  descr.  of  n.  sps. — Jour.  Elisha 
Mitch.  Sci.  Soc.,  xli,  165-212.  *Emerton,  J.  H.— New  spider, 
from  Canada  and  the  adjoining  states. — 4,  Iviii,  115-19. 

(S)  :1:Mello-Leitao. — Trois  nouvelles  araignees  cribrlKvs 
du  Bresil.— 126,  xxix,  280-5. 


XXXVli,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  219 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Kemmer, 
N.  A. — Larva  termitovorax. — 137,  xvii  A,  n.  2'',  15pp. 
Kennedy,  C.  H. — Nymph  of  Ephemera  guttulata  with 
notes  on  the  species. — 4,  Iviii,  61-3.  Macnamara,  C. — Drum- 
ming- of  stoneflies  (Plecoptera). — 4,  Iviii,  53-4.  Smith, 
R.  C. — Life  history  and  habits  of  Eremochrysa  punctinervis. 
-19,  xxi,  48-52. 

(N)  *Mason,  A.  C. — Two  n.  sps.  of  thrips  from  Califor- 
nia.— 55,  ii,  155-7. 

(S)  *Navas,  L. — Crisopidos  neotropicos.  Insectos  neo- 
tropicos. — 126,  xxix,  8-13;  305-13.  Snyder,  T.  E. — Termites 
collected  on  the  Mulford  Biol.  Expl.  to  the  Amazon  basin, 
1921-22.— 50,  Ixviii.  Art.  14. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Caudell,  A.  N.— Melanoplus  borealis 
in  New  York  state  (Acrididae). — 10,  xxviii,  70.  Davis, 
W.  T. — Annotated  list  of  the  Dermaptera  and  Orthoptera 
collected  in  mid-summer  at  Wingina,  Va.,  and  vicinity. — 6, 
xxxiv,  27-41.  Ford,  N. — On  the  behavior  of  Grylloblatta.— 
4,  Iviii,  66-70.  Morse,  A.  P. — Two  vagrant  grasshoppers  and 
a  moth. — 5,  xxxiii,  53.  Worthington,  E.  B. — Life-cycle  of 
Forficula  auricularia. — 9,  lix,  138-42. 

(N)  Hebard,  M. — Key  to  the  N.  A.  genera  of  the  Acri- 
dinae  which  occur  north  of  Mexico. — 1,  Hi,  47-59. 

(S)  *Werner,  F. — Species  novae  Mantidarum  ex  Mus. 
Brasiliensi.— 20,  xli,  17-18. 

HEMIPTERA.— Bare,  C.  O.— Life  histories  of  some 
Kansas  "backswimmers."- — 7,  xix,  93-101.  DeLong,  D.  M. 
-Food  plant  and  habitat  notes  on  some  N.  Amer.  sps.  of 
Phlepsius. — 130,  xxvi,  69-72.  Esaki,  T. — Biological  note  on 
the  pterygopolymorphism  of  Aradus. — 19,  xxi,  29-31.  Ham- 
lin,  J.  C. — (see  under  General).  Hoffman,  W.  H. — Obser- 
vaciones  sobre  el  desarrollo  de  las  reduviidas. — 126,  xxix, 
185-8.  Hoke,  S. — Preliminary  paper  on  the  wing-venation 
of  the  hemiptera  (Heteroptera). — 7,  xix,  13-34.  Lawson, 
P.  B. — Some  "biting"  leafhoppers. — 7,  xix,  73-4.  McAtee 
&  Malloch. — Further  on  annectant  bugs. — 19,  xxi,  43-7. 
Muir,  F. — Reconsideration  of  some  points  in  the  mor- 
phology of  the  head  of  homoptera. — 7,  xix,  67-73.  Oestlund 
&  Hottes. — Chapter  in  the  life  history  of  Mordwilkoja  vaga- 
bundus  (Aphididae). — 7,  xix,  75-81.  Poisson,  R. — Anisops 
producta  (Notonectidae)  observations  sur  son  anatomie  et 
sa  biologic.— 142,  Ixvi,  181-208.  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.— Fur- 


220  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jub/>  '26 

ther    records    on    Heteroptera    from    Mass. — 19,    xxi,    53-5. 
Whittiker,   O. — Records  of  hemiptera  from   Br.    Columbia. 
—4,  Iviii,  63. 

(N)  *Barber,  H.  G. — New  Geocoris  from  Illinois. — 19, 
xxi,  38-9.  *DeLong,  D.  M. — Three  n.  sps.  of  Cicadellidae 
previously  confused  with  related  sps.  II.  The  genus  Lona- 
tura. — 1,  Hi,  89-102.  Doering,  K.  C. — A  new  sp.  of  Clasto- 
ptera  (Cercopidae). — 7,  xix,  85-7.  *Glendenning,  R. — Some 
new  aphids  from  Br.  Columbia. — 4,  Iviii,  95-8.  *Goding, 
F.  W. — New  genera  and  species  of  Membracidae.  [new 
sps.:  1,  U.  S.;  9,  S.  A.]— 1,  lii,  103-110.  *Knight,  H.  H.- 
Capsus  simulans  and  Labops  burmeisteri  recognized  from 
the  Nearctic  region  (Miridae). — 4,  Iviii,  59-60.  *  Knight, 
H.  H. — Descriptions  of  seven  n.  sps;  of  Pilophorus  (Mir- 
idae).—19,  xxi,  18-26.  *Knight,  H.  H.— Description  of  a 
new  Renodaeus  from  Texas  (Miridae). — 19,  xxi,  56-7. 
*Metcalf  &  Bruner. — A  correction  [for  Brachycentrus]. — 19, 
xxi,  28.  *Tillyard,  R.  J. — Kansas  permian  insects.  Pt.  9. 
The  order  Hemiptera. — Am.  jour.  Sci.,  xi,  381-95. 

(S)  Coding,  F.  W.— Described  Cicadidae  of  Chile.— 126, 
xxix,  232-5. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Baylis,  H.  A.— Colour-production  in 
L. :  a  further  note.— 9,  lix,  124-6.  Bell,  E.  L.— Three  rare 
butterflies  from  Long  Island,  N.  Y. — 19,  xxi,  26.  Cook, 
W,  C, — Methods  of  collecting  moths. — 4,  Iviii,  105-8. 
Engelhardt,  G.  P. — Periodical  swarming  of  Celerio  lineata 
in  Ecuador. — 19,  xxi,  27-8.  Eyer,  J.  R. — Morphological  sig- 
nificance of  the  juxta  in  the  male  genitalia  of  L. — 19,  xxi, 
32-7.  Hamlin,  J.  C. — (see  under  General).  Harrison, 
J.  W.  H. — Miscellaneous  observations  on  the  induction,  in- 
cidence and  inheritance  of  melanism  in  the  L. — 9,  lix,  121-3. 
lucci,  C. — La  capacita  di  sviluppo  dell'uovo,  vergine  o  fe- 
condato,  nei  bachi  da  seta  (Bombyx  mori). — Bol.  Istit. 
Zool.  Univ.  Roma,  iii,  86-99.  Lenz,  F. — Ueber  die  ursachen 
des  misslingens  von  raupenzuchten. — 18,  xx,  30-2.  Morse, 
A.  P. — (see  under  Orthoptera).  Porritt,  G.  T. — Induction 
of  melanism  in  the  lepidoptera  and  its  subsequent  inher- 
itance.— 8,  Ixii,  107-11.  Roeher,  A. — Ueber  lauterzeugung 
bei  schmetterlingen. — 26,  vi,  51.  Rogers,  D.  P. — Early  but- 
terflies.— 19,  xxi,  42.  Tschirwinsky,  P. — Gibt  es  ein  gleich- 
gewicht  der  farben  bei  schmetterlingen? — 107,  xlvi,  229-31. 
Vignon,  P. — Le  papillon  qui  feconde  les  yuccas. — La 
Nature,  Paris,  1926,  255-6. 


xxxvii, '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NKWS  221 

(N)  Barnes  &  Benjamin. — Resume  of  the  works  of  J. 
Hiibner  in  regard  to  the  nomenclature  employed  therein. 
—10,  xxviii,  86-92.  *Barnes  &  Benjamin. — Notes  and  new 
species  (Phalaenidae).  Two  new  western  Phalaenidae.— 
55,  ii,  106-110;  111-12.  *Blackmore,  E.  H.— Two  new  geom- 
eters from  Br.  Columbia.— 4,  Iviii,  100-3.  *Dyar,  H.  G.— 
A  new  moth  of  the  eudryas  group  from  N.  Mexico. — 15, 
xiv,  '95-6.  Engelhardt,  G.  P. — A  correction  [to  paper  on 
Aegeriidae]. — 19,  xxi,  14.  *Jones,  F.  M.— Our  largest 
psychid,  Oiketicus  dendrokomos. — 1,  Hi,  1-6.  McDunnough, 
J. — Notes  on  the  sps.  of  the  genus  Xanthotype. — 4,  Iviii, 
119-21.  Poling,  O.  C. — Notes  on  rare  and  little  known  sps. 
of  N.  A.  lepidoptera. — 4,  Iviii,  79-81.  Reuss,  T. — System- 
atischer  iiberblick  der  Druadinae  mit  einigen  neubcschrei- 
bungen.— 11,  1926,  65-70.  Seitz,  A.— Das  system  der 
schmetterlinge. — 17,  xliii,  15-16  (Cont.). 

(S)  *Dyar,  H.  G. — Notes  on  some  S.  A.  Cochlidiidae.— 
15,  xiv,  73-95.  *Giacomelli,  E. — Descripcion  de  dos  nuevas 
formas  de  Saturniadae  del  genero  Dysdaemonia  de  la  Prcia. 
de  la  Rioja.  Sobre  una  forma  de  Dione  vanillae. — 126, 
xxix,  151-3;  228-9.  *Lathy,  P.  L.— Ne\v  sps.  and  forms  of 
the  genus  Euselasia  in  the  Joicey  collection. — 9,  lix,  143-6. 
*Neustetter,  H. — Beschreibung  und  besprechung  neuer  und 
wenig  gekannter  Heliconius  formen. — 18,  xx,  34-40.  Reed, 
C.  S. — Catalogo  de  los  esfingidos  de  Chile. — 126,  xxix,  300-2. 
*Roeber,  J. — Neue  tropische  falter. — 17,  xliii,  13.  *Williams, 
R.  C. — Studies  in  the  Neotropical  Hesperioidea. — 1,  Hi, 
61-88. 

DIPTERA.— Bezzi,  M.— Le  "stupide  mosche."-  -Natura, 
Milano,  xvii,  1-19.  Crampton,  G.  C. — External  anatomy  of 
the  primitive  tanyderid  dipteran  Macrochile  spectrum  pre- 
served  in  Baltic  amber. — 19,  xxi,  1-14.  Edwards,  F.  W.- 
Another  case  of  reduced  wings  in  a  male  sciarine  fly  (My- 
cetophilidae). — 8,  Ixii,  111-13.  Flanders,  S.  E. —  (see  under 
Hymenoptera).  Hamlin,  J.  C. —  (see  under  General).  Kes- 
sel,  E.  L. — Sex-limited  polychromatism  in  Lasiophticus  py- 
rastri. — 55,  ii.  159.  Lehmann,  Loebel  u,  Grenlich. — Bci- 
trage  zur  kenntnis  der  stechmucken  Unterfrankens  mit  be- 
sonderer  beriicksichtigung  der  larvenentwicklung  von  C  u- 
lex  territans  u.  Aedes  ornatus.— 11,  1925,  420-38.  Mercier 
et  Villeneuve. — Deuxime  contribution  a  I'etude  de  anat- 
omic de  la  tete  des  dipteres  cyclorhaphes :  La  lunule  et 
ses  organes  sensoriels.— 69,  clxxxii.  1098-1  HH).  Millar, 
W.  M. — Some  observations  upon  bluwlly. — Scott.  Nat., 


222  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July,  '26 

1926,  p.  49-52.  Sergent  et  Rougebief — De  antagonisme  en- 
trc  les  clrosophiles  et  les  moisissures. — 69,  clxxxii,  1238-9. 
Twinn,  C.  R. — Notes  on  the  mosquitoes  of  the  Ottawa 
district. — 4,  Iviii,  108-11.  Zuercher,  L. — Halmfliegen  und 
massenansammlungen  von  solchen. — Mitt.  Aargau.  Naturf. 
Ges.,  xvii,  70-9. 

(N)  Aldrich,  J.  M. — Notes  on  the  metallic  green  tachi- 
nids  allied  to  Gymnochaeta,  with  keys.  .  .  —15,  xiv, 
51-8.  *  Aldrich,  J.  M. — Notes  on  muscoid  flies  with  re- 
tracted hind  cross  vein,  with  key  and  several  new  genera 
and  sps. — 1,  Hi,  7-28.  ^Alexander,  C.  P. — Undescribed  sps. 
of  Dicranoptycha  from  eastern  N.  A.  (Tipulidae). — 5, 
xxxiii,  54-59.  *Banks,  N. — Descriptions  of  a  few  new  Amer- 
ican D.— 5,  xxxiii,  42-4.  *Curran,  C.  H.— New  Nearctic  D. 
mostly  from  Canada. — 4,  Iviii,  81-89.  Curran,  C.  H. — Notes 
on  Wiedemann's  types  of  Syrphidae. — 4,  Iviii,  111-15.  *Cur- 
ran,  C.  H. — Partial  synopsis  of  American  sps.  of  Volucella 
with  notes  on  Wiedemann's  types,  [n.  sps.  descr.  only 
from  C.  &  S.  Amer.]. — 7,  xix,  50-66.  *Johannsen,  O.  A.— 
Genus  Trichotanupus  (Chironomidae). — 4,  Iviii,  99-100. 
*VanDuzee,  M.  C. — A  new  Dolichopodid  genus  with  descr. 
of  five  n.  sps. — 1,  Hi,  39-46.  *VanDuzee,  M.  C. — Further 
new  Dolichopodidae  in  the  Can.  Nat.  Coll. — 4,  Iviii,  56-9. 
*VanDuzee,  M.  C. — New  sps.  of  N.  A.  Dolicho.podidae.— 
5,  xxxiii,  45-52.  *VanDuzee,  M.  C. — Genus  Thinophilus  in 
N.  America.  (Dolichopodidae).— 7,  xix,  35-49.  *Walley, 
G.  S. — New  Canadian  Chironomidae. — 4,  Iviii,  64-5. 

(S)  Aldrich,  J.  M. — A  new  gen.  of  Helomyzidae  from 
Chile  with  key  to  genera  [of  the  world]. — 15,  xiv,  96-102. 
*  Aldrich,  J.  M. — (see  under  above  paragraph).  *Bezzi,  M. 
-New  genus  and  species  of  borborid  flies  from  South 
America. — 50,  Lxviii,  Art.  20.  *Brethes,  J. —  (see  under 
General,  also  under  Coleoptera).  Hicken,  C.  M. — Las  algas 
del  genero  "Chara"  y  los  mosquitos  genero  "Anopheles. "- 
Darwiniana,  Buenos  Aires,  i,  79-85.  Ruiz,  F. — Voracidad  de 
los  asilidos. — 126,  xxix,  220-4.  *Seguy,  E. — Especes  nou- 
velles  du  genre  Mesembrinella. — 59,  Ser.  B,  Dipt.,  ii,  195-6. 

COLEOPTERA.— Back  &  Cotton.— Anthrenus  semi- 
niveus. — 10,  xxviii,  64.  Balduff,  W.  V. — On  the  habits  and 
development  of  a  checkered  beetle  (Cymatodera  undulata). 
-1,  Hi,  29-37.  Beamer,  R.  H. — Note  on  collecting  Eleodes 
hispilabris  nupta.- — 19,  xxi,  39.  Boeving,  A.  G. —  Immature 
stages  of  Eulechriops  gossypii,  with  comments  on  the  classi- 
fication of  the  tribe  Zygopsini  (Curculionidae). — 10,  xxviii. 


XXXVli,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  223 

54-62.  Chittenden,  F.  H. — Note  on  Coccinellu  oculata. — 19, 
xxi,  37.  Davis,  A.  C. — Habits  of  Cymatodera  decipiens.— 
55,  ii,  126.  Forbes,  W.  T.  M. — Wing  folding  patterns  of 
the  coleoptera. — 6,  xxxiv,  42-68.  Giltay,  L. — Remarques  sur 
la  classification  et  la  phylogenie  cles  families  d'araignees.— 
33,  Ixvi,  115-31.  Glasgow,  R.  D. — May  beetle  with  the  pr<>- 
notum  showing  a  complete  median  division. — 19,  xxi,  40-2. 
Hamlin,  J.  C. — (see  under  General).  Munster,  A.  T. — (  )m 
praeparation,  etc.  Saerlig  av  coleoptera. —  Norsk  Ent. 
Tidssk.,  ii,  109-12.  Schott,  F.  M. — About  some  newcomers. 
-19,  xxi,  17.  Schwarz,  E.  A. — Condition  of  the  coleopter- 
ous collection  of  the  Nat.  Museum  in  1906. — 10,  xxviii, 
71-86.  Smith  &  Hadley.— The  Japanese  beetle.— U.  S.  Dept. 
Agr.,  Circ.  363.  Van  Dyke,  E.  C. — Certain  peculiarities  of 
the  coleopterous  fauna  of  the  Pacific  northwest. — 7,  xix, 
1-12.  Van  Dyke,  E.  C. — Habits  of  Trachykele  nimbosa.- 
55,  ii,  126.  Wolff  u.  Krausse. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der 
biologic  von  oelfruchtschadlingen,  insbesondere  viber  den 
anteil  der  von  Ceuthorrhynchus  assimillis.  .  .  -Ill, 
1925,  A,  Heft  4,  1-45. 

(N)  *Darlington,  P.  J. — European  subgenus  Actedium 
in  N.  A.  (Bembidion).— 5,  xxxiii,  32-5.  *Fall,  H.  C.— List 
of  the  C.  taken  in  Alaska  and  adjacent  parts  of  the  Yukon 
territory  in  the  summer  of  1924. — 55,  ii,  127-54  (cont.). 
*Van  Dyke,  E.  C. — New  sps.  of  Carabidae  in  the  subfamily 
Harpalinae,  chiefly  from  western  N.  A. — 55,  ii,  113-26. 
*Wallis,  J.  B. — Some  new  coleoptera. — 4,  Iviii,  89-95. 

(S)  *Barber,  H.  S. — A  new  cotton  weevil  from  Peru.— 
10,  xxviii,  53-4.  *Brethes,  J. — Coleoptera  et  dipteres  Chil- 
iens.— 126,  xxix,  189-208.  *Horn,  W.— On  four  new 
Cicindelidae  of  the  neotropical  region. — 126,  xxix,  180-4. 
*Pic,  M. — Melanges  exotico-entomologiques,  Ease  45,  32 
pp.  *Porter,  C.  E. — Breve  nota  sobre  los  Hesperophanes 
ehilenos. — 126,  xxix,  217-19.  Porter,  C.  E. — Nuevas  obser- 
vaciones  sobre  las  traqueas  de  los  coleopteros.  Xotas  breves 
sobre  longicornios  ehilenos.  Notas  acerca  de  un  Bruquido 
chilena.— 126,  xxix,  132-4;  184;  286.  Varas,  E.— Contribu- 
eion  al  estudio  de  los  Cicindelidae. — 126,  xxix,  36-40. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Ankel,  W.  E.— Sinne>]>liysi<>l<>-ie 
und  "Sprache"  der  bienen. —  P>er.  Senck.  Naturt".  Ges.,  Ivi. 
65-74.  Brocher,  F. — La  pollinisation  du  ])ois  sauvage  et  le 
xylocope. —  Bui.  Soe.  Zool.  Geneve,  iii,  61-3.  Cretschmar, 
M. — Spinnenfeinde  unter  den  hymenopteren. — Her.  Senck. 


224  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [July>  '26 

Naturf.  Ges.,  Ivi,  7-12.  Fernald,  H.  T. — Climate  and  color- 
ation in  some  wasps. — 7,  xix,  88-92.  Flanders,  S.  E. — Notes 
on  parasites  at  Saticoy,  Cal.,  during  the  year  1925. — 55, 
ii,  157-8.  Hill,  C.  C. — Platygaster  hiemalis  a  parasite  of 
the  hessian  fly. — 113,  xxxii,  261-75.  Reichensperger,  A.— 
Beobachtungen  uncl  versuche  mit  Cataglyphis  und  Thor- 
ictus  nebst  dessen  metamorphose. — Verh.  Naturh.  Ver., 
Rheinl.  u.  Westf.  Ixxxii,  73-110.  Robertson,  C. — Wing  veins 
of  bees  as  strengthening  elements. — 5,  xxxiii,  39-41.  Ver- 
laine,  L. — Instinct  et  1'intelligence  chez  les  hymenopteres. 
Acquisition  des  habitudes  chez  la  Vespa  germanica. — 33, 
Ixvi,  133-45. 

(N)   *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— A  new  genus  of  chalcidoid  H. 
(Callimomidae).- — 5,   xxxiii,   36-8.     *Gahan,   A.   B. — A   new 
egg-parasite    (Serphoidea). — 10,  xxviii,  67.    Rohwer,  S.  A. 
—Remarks   on    the   name   of   one   of   our   common   yellow- 
jackets. — 10,  xxviii,  93-4.     *Viereck,  H.  L. — Descr.  of  new 
ichneumon-flies  from  Canada. — 4,  Iviii,  54-6.    Viereck,  H.  L. 
— Ameloctonus    fugitivus     (Ichneumonidae). — 4,    Iviii,    65. 

(S)   Brethes,     J. —  (see     u  n  d  e  r     General)      *Cockerell, 
T.  D.  A. — Descriptions  and  records  of  bees,     [new  record 
for  Colorado;  new  sps.  from  S.  A.]. — 75,  xvii,  510-19.   *Cush- 
man,  A.  A. — A  new  Urosigalphus  parasite  on  Eulechriops 
gossypii   (Braconidae). — 10,  xxviii,  63.    *Forsius,  R. — \Yis- 
senschaftliche.  .  .  .  schwedischen  Ent.  reise  ...  in  Amazonas. 
Tenthredinoiden  und   Oryssoiden. — 137,  xvii   A,   N.   27,  27 
pp.    *Fox,  C.  L. — Expedition  to  the  Revillagigedo  Islands, 
Mexico.      The    Bcmbicini.— 61,   xv,   219-22.      *Friese,    H.- 
Neue   neotropische   bienenarten. — 60,  Ixxxvi,    1-41.    Gahan, 
A.   B. — Two  chalcidoids  described  by   Philippi. — 126,  xxix, 
47-51.     Rohwer,  S.  A. — Redescription  of  the  sawflies  char- 
acterized by  Philippi. — 126,  xxix,  41-6.     *Williams,  F.  X.— 
The  bees  and  aculeate  wasps  of  the  Galapagos  Islands.— 
61,  ii,  pt.  2,  347-57. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES. — Catalogue  of  the  Indian  insects. 

Calcutta.  This  publication  is  edited  by  a  standing  com- 
mittee of  entomologists  appointed  by  the  Entomological 
Meetings  held  in  India.  Ten  parts  have  been  issued.  Thri-e 
contain  a  systematic  arrangement  of  the  genera  and  species, 
with  bibliography  and  distributional  data  of  the  following 
families:  Acrydidae,  Culicidae,  Hombyliidae,  Trypetidae, 
Nitidulidae,  Staphylinidae,  Lasiocampidae,  Amatidae,  Zy- 
gaenidae,  and  Stephanidae.  It  should  prove  of  value  to 
students  of  these  groups. 


The  Henry  Skinner  Memorial  Number 
OCTOBER,  1926 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXXVII 


No.   8 


® 


:N^SiSiisr/rt^. 
OCT I  8  1926 


A< 


JAMES  RIDINGS 
1803-1880 


CONTENTS 

Editorial— The  Entomological  Work  of  Henry  Skinner.   .    . 

Frank  Cowan 

Cresson — Entomological  Bibliography  of  Henry  Skinner  .    .    . 
Cresson— List  of  New  Genera  and  Species  Described  by  Henry  Skinner 
Lacroix — Miscellaneous  Observations  on  a  Cranberry  Scale  Targionia 

dearnessi  (Ckll.)  (Homop.  :  Coccidae).  . 

Neave — Notes  on  Some  Alberta  Bombidae  (Hymen.).      ... 
\Vells — Notes  on  Tree) and  Shrub  Insects  in  Southeastern  Pennsylvania 
Knight — Capsus  externus  Herrich-Schaeffer  is  a  Paracalocoris  (Hemip- 

tera,  Miridae) 

Knaus— The  Coleoptera  of  the  Sandhill  Region  of  Medora,  Reno  Co., 

Kansas •  .    .    .    . 

Maxson  and  Hottes— Georgiaphis    Nom.   n.   for  Georgia   (Aphididae 

Homop.) 

Personals 

Stiles— Notice  of  Request  to  Admit  Hiibner's  (1806)  "Tentamen"  to 

Nomenclatorial  Status  under  Suspension  of  International  Rules 

(Lepid.) 

McAtee — Vernacular  Names  for  Insects 

Barnes  and  Benjamin — On  the  Nomenclature  of  a  Species  of  Polites 

(Lep.  Hesperiidae) 

Entomological  Literature 

Obituary— Abbe  Jean  Jacques  Kieffer 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

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Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 
Entomological  Society. 

Philip    P.    Calyert,    Ph.D.,   Editor;    E.    T.    Cresson,   Jr.,    Associate 
Editor;  Henry  Skinner,  M.D.,  Sc.D.,  Editor  Emeritus. 

Advisory  Committee:    Ezra  T,  Cresson,  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G. 
Rehn. 

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The  printer  of  the  NEWS  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  X 


HENRY    SKINNER    (MARCH  26,  1919) 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XXXVII  OCTOBER,   1926  No.  8 

The  Entomological  Work  of  Henry  Skinner. 

(Portrait,   Plate  X.) 

Dr.  Henry  Skinner,  editor  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  Ni;\vs  from 
March,  1890,  to,  December  15,  1910,  died  on  May  29,  1926, 
as  has  already  been  announced  in  these  pages. 

While  his  contributions  to  knowledge  of  those  "frail  crea- 
tures of  the  air,"  the  butterflies,  have  been  many  and  valuable, 
his  chief  service  to  Entomology  has  unquestionably  been  in 
and  through  his  editorship  of  this  monthly.  His  humor  and 
his  incisiveness,  even  caustic  at  times,  gave  it  a  characteristic 
tone  which  was  appreciated  far  and  wide.  The  early  numbers 
contained  no  editorials  labeled  as  such,  but,  beginning  with 
Volume  III,  Xo.  5,  for  May,  1892,  there  is  a  specific  entry 
"Editorial"  in  the  monthly  table  of  "Contents"  and  the  custom 
thus  established  has  persisted  to  this  present  writing,  although 
not  without  some  interruptions.  His  editorial  for  November, 
1892,  "The  News  Family"  (iii:  228)  *,  gives  an  interesting 
glimpse  of  the  division  of  labor  connected  with  the  produc- 
tion of  the  journal,  while  that  for  September  of  the  same 
year  amusingly  enumerates  the  editor's  trials  with  contributors' 
manuscripts. 

A  constantly  repeated  wish  to  improve  the  quality  of  the 
journal  and  to  increase  its  size  so  as  to  accommodate  the  rising 
tide  of  papers  offered  for  publication,  runs  through  many  of 
his  monthly  utterances.  This  necessarily  depended  on  an  in- 
crease of  subscribers  (ii:  119).  A  characteristic  note  is  that 
of  March,  1898:  "Instead  of  having  a  subscription  list  of 
550  it  should  be  twice  that  many  and  we  could  then  make  the 
NEWS  a  journal  of  which  to  be  proud"  (ix:  68).  :  In  May, 

*As  some  may  wish  fuller  data  on  'Dr.  Skinner's  work  or  life,  refer- 
ences to  the  sources  of  many  of  the  statements  here  made  are  givei; 
in  parentheses.  Where  merely  volume  and  page  numbers  are  given, 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  XK\VS  is  to  be  understood;  Trans,  refers  to  the 
Transactions  of  the  American  Entomological  Society;  Proc.  to  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

225 


226  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Ott.,    '26 

1907,  he  could  proudly  write:  "In  the  last  number  issued 
[April]  we  had  fifty-two  pages  and  six  full  page  plates" 
(xvih':  213).  The  editorial  for  November,  1909,  reads: 

"When  this  journal  was  commenced  in  1890  we  charged  one 
dollar  for  it  and  the  volume  for  that  year  consisted  of  168 
pages  and  no  illustrations.  The  subscribers  were  pleased  with 
our  efforts  and  gladly  paid  the  dollar  for  16  pages  per  month 
and  no  illustrations.  Not  being  published  for  gain  but  in  the 
interest  of  entomology  and  entomologists  all  income  was  put 
into  an  increased  number  of  pages  and  illustrations,  the  maga- 
zine being  really  a  mutual  affair  for  the  benefit  of  its  patrons. 
In  our  efforts  to  publish  the  papers  that  came  to  us  we  have 
steadily  increased  the  number  of  pages  and  illustrations. 

1890 168  pages no  plates 

1905 344  pages 11   plates 

1906 404  pages 15  plates 

1907 458  pages 17  plates 

1908 500  pages 25  plates 

We  have  therefore  been  giving  more  for  the  money  than  any 
entomological  journal  in  the  world.  We  can't  go  on  and 
improve  as  we  would  like  and  the  time  has  arrived  to  decide 
whether  to  maintain  the  old  price  or  increase  it.  At  the  old 
price  of  one  dollar  we  would  be  compelled  to  refuse  papers 
and  many  illustrations  and  on  mature  consideration  decided  to 
increase  the  subscription  price  to  two  dollars  a  year.  We  are 
doing  this  in  the  interest  of  those  persons  wishing  an  avenue 
of  publication  for  short  papers  and  also  in  an  effort  to  get 
papers  into  print  in  as/  short  a  time  as  possible.  It  should 
also  be  remembered  that  at  present  many  more  papers  are 
illustrated  and  for  that  reason  the  expense  of  publication  is 
infinitely  greater.  It  will  also'  enable  us  to  continue  to  pub- 
lish the  doings  of  a  number  of  entomological  societies  through- 
out the  country."  (xx:  395-6.) 

The  volume  for  1908  was  the  climax  in  point  of  size;  never 
since  has  the  NEWS  quite  attained  those  dimensions.  This 
constant  upbuilding  of  the  journal  is,  we  believe,  Dr.  Skinner's 
greatest  contribution  to  entomology.  When  we  consider  the  time 
and  energy  which  he  gave  to  this  task — not  only  the  editorial 
work  but,  since  December,  1896  (vii:  306),  supervision  of  the 
finances  and  distribution  of  the  journal,  we  can  understand 
the  exclamations  of  the  entomologists  (xx:  435-6)  which 
greeted  his  editorial  last  quoted. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  227 

Not  merely  the  size  of  the  NEWS  but  also  the  character  of 
the  illustrations  in  it  and  in  entomological  publications  in  gen- 
eral received  much  .of  his  attention.  As  a  lepiclopterist,  to 
whom  pattern  and  coloring-  count  for  so  much,  it  was  natural 
that,  he  should  strongly  advocate  the  use  of  the  half-tone 
(ii:  101-2  and  elsewhere)  when  it  was  still  a  new  process 
and  of  the  three-color  when  it  came  within  the  range  of 
possibility  (  xi :  435  ). 

His  ideal  of  an  entomological  journal  as  he  expressed  it  in 
June,  1891,  was: 

"One  that  covers  the  whole  field  and.  each  number  should 
contain  matter  that  will  please  all  its  readers.  The  dry  scien- 
tific article  should  have  a  place  along  with  that  of  a  more 
popular  and  lighter  vein.  A  journal,  any  number  of  which 
is  made  up  largely  of  a  dry  synopsis  of  a  single  family  in  an 
order,  is  of  value  to  only  a  few  readers,  and  the  large  re- 
mainder are  disappointed  and  obliged  to  wait  another'  month 
in  hopes  of  finding  something  more  tempting.  The  subscribers 
are  made  up  of  the  professional  entomologist,  the  systematist, 
the  lover  of  nature  in  general,  the  amateur  entomologist,  those 
interested  in  entomology  in  general,  those  interested  in  a  single 
order,  the  student  and  the  beginner,  and  the  scope  of  a  journal 
should  be  such  and  the  paging  sufficient  in  each  number  to 
supply  readable  matter  for  all"  (ii :  119). 

On  these  lines  he  conducted  the  NEWS  and  the  contents  of 
the  magazine  ranged  from  notes  on  the  genitalia  of  gynandro- 
morphous  Macrolepidoptera  to  verse  on  the  old  man  in  the 
tree  Vvho  was  horribly  bored  by  a  bee.  With  this  ideal  and 
the*  financial  limitations  he  was  not  always  able  to  satisfy  a 
"former  subscriber"  who  wrote:  "if  you  could  give  only  one 
plate  a  month  figuring  Noctuids  not  in  Holland's  Moth  Book, 
especially  moths  of  the  eastern  United  States,  it  would  be  a 
great  help  to  we  [sic.]  amateurs  who  have  no  State  collection 
or  others  to  help  us  identify  our  specimens"  (xxi:  182).  A 
different  problem  with  subscribers  was  that  presented  by  the 
figures  on  the  cover  of  the  NK\\  s,  but  a  humorous  defense  of 
one  of  these,  (Jiiisnain  sc.rcaitdatus  (  xiii :  54-5)  will  lie  fully 
appreciated  only  by  those  to  whom  the  paper  covers  <>f  that 
volume  are  accessible. 


228  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

But  his  editorials  were  not  confined  to  appeals  for  assist- 
ance in  improving  the  journal.  Many  of  them  urged  the  neces- 
sity of  bettering  entomological  technique;  the  careful  prepara- 
tion of  specimens,  the  use  of  proper  pins  and  especially  the 
careful  labeling  of  material  (vi:  152;  vii:  94,  120,  136;  viii : 
171 ;  xxvii :  85  ;  xxxi :  202).  The  humor  of  the  man  is  shown 
by  a  remark : 

"We  may  also  say,  in  passing,  that  we  have  coined  a  new 
word,,  'Sloppydoptera,'  which  has  reference  to  specimens  cap- 
tured with  a  baseball  bat  or  temporarily  loaned  to  the  new 
baby  as  playthings  before  being  'sent  out'  (xiii:  17). 

Repose  on  roses  rarely  exists  in  reality  and  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  even  the  satisfaction  which  the  NEWS  brought  to 
him  did  not  outweigh  the  time  and  labor  which  it  cost,  nor 
that  he  should  desire  greater  freedom  for  research  in  ento- 
mology. He  laid  down  his  editorship  December  15,  1910,  by 
his  own  desire,  and  was  immediately  elected  Editor  Emeritus 
(xxii:  1-2). 

Dr.  Skinner's  collecting  of  insects  naturally  began  in  Phila- 
delphia and  its  vicinity,  and  near  by  localities  like  Cape  May, 
New  Jersey  (i:  6-9),  were  soon  visited.  In  July,  1892,  he 
and  Philip  Laurent,  now  the  member  of  the  American  Ento- 
mological Society  of  longest  standing,  sought  insects  in 
Mitchell  County,  North  Carolina  ( iv :  21,  80-82),  and  in  Maine 
in  the  summer  of  1895  (vi:  272).  He  turned  south  again  in 
the  following  year,  to  eastern  Tennessee  and  western  North 
Carolina  (vii:  254).  In  1899,  with  Laurent  and  A.  J.  Snyder, 
he  collected  in  Utah  and  Colorado  (x:  286,  303;  xi :  363; 
xvi:  99-105;  xxiv :  450).  In  1900  he  was  in  the  Adirondacks 
(xi:  612),  and  in  1901  at  Beulah,  New  Mexico  (xii:  255), 
his  collection  furnishing  a  considerable  list  of  species  in  many 
orders  for  the  Academy  in  Philadelphia  (Trans,  xxix :  35-117). 
A  brief  trip  in  the  Orange  Mountains  of  New  Jersey,  with 
Messrs.  Kearfott  and  Daecke,  for  Pyrgits  ccntanrcac,  was 
taken  in  the  spring  of  1904  ( xv :  256).  In  1905  he  secured 
many  specimens  in  Carr  Canyon,  Huachuca  Mountains,  Ari- 
zona, with  C.  R.  Biedermann  (xvi:  275;  Proc.  1905:  926). 
Harvey's  and  Ganoga  Lakes,  Pennsylvania,  attracted  him 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  229 

along-  with  Messrs.  Lister,  Kearfott  and  the  two  \Yenzels  in 
June,  1906  (xvii:  264-5).  In  1907  he  was  in  Canada — Mani- 
toba, Saskatchewan  and  Alberta — with  Dr.  James  Fletcher 
(Can.  Ent.  xl :  14,  220;  Proc.  1907:  574).  He  collected  in 
the  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire  in  1913  (xxiv:  479 
and  Proc.  1913:  706)  and  in  1918  (xxx:  48  and  Proc.  191S: 
351)  ;  in  Cuba  in  February,  1914,  as  the  guest  of  Dr.  C.  T. 
Ramsden  (xxv:  110  and  Proc.  1914:  656)  and  in  Colorado, 
Utah  and  Wyoming-,  with  Mr.  R.  A.  Leussler  in  1920  (xxxi: 
227;  xxxii:  95;  Ann.  Kept.  Ac.  Xat.  Sci.  1921  :  30-38). 

Like  many  field  naturalists,  his  own  entomological  collection 
embraced  at  first  insects  of  all  orders,  but  some  of  these,  other 
than  Lepidoptera,  were  disposed  of  as  early  as  1890.  Still 
later  he  limited  himself  to  the  Rhopalocera.  On  an  interleaved 
page  between  pages  vi  and  vii  of  his  own  copy  of  his  Synony- 
mic Catalogue  of  the  North  American  Rhopalocera  of  1898 
is  written  in  his  own  hand  :  "Collection  of  North  American 
Butterflies  belonging  to  Henry  Skinner.  Contains  about  645 
species  and  5758  specimens  in  the  arranged  collection.  There 
are  about  5000  duplicates,  spread  and  in  papers.  Exotic  col- 
lection of  about  2000  specimens  in  a  walnut  cabinet  with  40 
drawers."  Trie  date  of  this  note  is  unknown.  In  1908  his 
collection  of  American  butterflies,  then  "numbering  over  10,000 
specimens,"  was  purchased  by  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sci- 
ences of  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  Skinner's  original  work  deals  chiefly  with  the  butterflies, 
the  Rhopalocera.  His  first  published  note  (1882),  of  but 
eighteen  lines,  gives  means  of  distinguishing  the  male  from 
the  female  of  Argynnis  id  a  Ha  by  their  respective  modes  of 
flight  and  notes  the  greater  concealment  practised  by  the 
female ;  the  author's  name,  for  perhaps  the  only  time,  appears 
as  Harry  Skinner.  A  verbal  communication  to  the  Academy 
in  the  following  .year  (1883)  recorded  his  observation  of 
Argynnis  cybclc  dropping  her  eggs  from  a  height  of  one  foot 
on  to  the  food  plant,  violets,  below;  it  was  subsequently  quoted 
by  Dr.  Scudder  and  evoked  some  discussion.  Not  until  188'» 
did  he  publish  descriptions  of  new  species — Anartla  doiuinica 
from  Hayti  and  Idyscclia  st  reck  en  from  Lower  California. 


230  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

His  Impressions  Received  from  a  Study  of  our  North  Amer- 
ican Rhopalocera  (1896)  is  one  of  his  most  general  papers. 
After  quoting-  a  familiar  definition  of  species  he  continues: 

"A  species  based  on  the  morphological  part  of  our  definition 
I  hold  to  be  purely  tentative  (as  we  must  apply  the  physiologi- 
cal part  of  the  definition  before  we  can  be  absolutely  sure  we 
have  a  valid  species,  but  unfortunately  it  is  only  seldom,  or 
after  the  lapse  of  much  time  that  specific  value  is  capable  of 
such  proof).  Now  my  idea  is  that  instead  of  relying  to  too 
great  an  extent  on  morphological  definitions  we  could  fix  the 
value  of  those  modifications  by  analogy  or  comparative  value" 
(p.  108). 

After  referring  to  causes  producing  variation  in  Lepidoptera, 
a  long  quotation  from  A.  H.  Swintotrs  Insect  Variety  is  given 
with  the  object  of  applying  Swinton's  conclusions  to  North 
American  Lepidoptera.  Going  through  thef  North  American 
Rhopalocera  he  lists  the  species  of  each  genus  with  regard  to 
their  "comparative  value." 

His  paper  on  Antigeny  in  Lepidoptera  (1913)  is  a  useful 
summary  of  the  differences,  chiefly  in  color,  between  the  two 
sexes  of  our  butterflies. 

Still  another  general  paper  was  that  on  Mimicry  in  Boreal 
American  Rhopalocera  (1912),  called  forth  by  Prof.  E.  B. 
Poulton's  address  to  the  Entomological  Society  of  America 
at  Baltimore  in  December,  1908,  on  this  subject.  After  dis- 
cussing the  question  in  some  detail,  Dr.  Skinner  took  "the 
view  that  there  is  not  enough  evidence  to  substantiate  the 
hypothesis  of  mimicry  in  North  American  butterflies." 

Without  detailing  his  work  any  further,  since  a  good  idea 
of  it  may  be  gained  by  examining  the  accompanying  bibliog- 
raphy compiled  by  Mr.  Cresson,  we  may  remark  that  it  was 
especially  to  the  knowledge  of  the  family  Hesperidae,  skippers, 
that  he  has  contributed.  His  paper  of  1895,  on  the  Boreal 
American  species  of  Pamphila,  shows  him  actively  at  work 
on  them. 

As  his  energies  were  released  from  the  editing  of  the  NEWS, 
he  took  up  the  study  of  the  male  genitalia  of  the  genus  Thanaos 
where  it  had  been  left  by  Scudder  and  Burgess  in  1870.  and 
produced  his  paper  of  1914.  The  culmination  was  reached 


XXXvii,    '26  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL      XK\VS  231 

in  the  six  papers  by  him  and  Mr.  Roswell  C.  Williams,  Jr., 
on  The  Male  Gcnitalia  of  the  Hcsperidac  of  North  America 
1922-24. 

To  beginners  in  entomology  Dr.  Skinner  was  very  kind 
and  helpful  and  when  his  death  was  formally  announced  at 
the  following  meeting  of  the  American  Entomological  Society, 
the  younger  members  spoke  appreciatively  of  the  assistance 
which  they  had  received  from  him. 

His  participation  in  entomological  and  other  scienitfic  socie- 
ties was  active.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  April  26,  1881,  and  at  its  meet- 
ings he  made  some  of  his  earliest  communications  on  Lepidop- 
tera.  He  was  elected  custodian  of  the  Entomological  Section 
of  the  Academy,  December  8,  1884,  and  December  14,  1885 
(Trans,  xi :  p.  xli ;  xii,  p.  xxiv),  having  become  a  member  of 
the  Section  November  10,  1882  (Trans,  x:  p.  xiv).  After  an 
interval  of  several  years  he  again  became  Conservator,  rather 
than  Custodian,  of  the  Section  in  1890  and  so  continued  until 
the  abolition  of  the  sections  in  1924.  He  was  also  an  Assistant 
to  the  Curators,  Special  Curator  and  Curator  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Insects  (the  title  varied  from  time  to  time),  but  in 
charge  of  that  department  from  1890  until  his  death,  and 
Curator  of  the  American  Entomological  Society  from  1885  to 
1887,  1890  to  1916,  in  which  year  the  latter  body  placed  its 
collections  on  deposit  with  the  Academy.  He  devised  a  frame 
for  holding  Schmitt  boxes  in  a  sheet  tin  case,  which  was 
speedily  adopted  for  the  Academy's  insects  (xv:  178).  The 
Academy  placed  him  on  its  Committees  on  Publication  (chair- 
man for  some  years )  and  on  Instruction  and  Lectures  and  on 
its  Council  (1907  on)  and  chose  him  a  Vice  President  in  1918. 
For  many  years  he  gave  public  lectures  on  entomological  topics 
in  the  Ludwick  Institute  course  at  the  Academy. 

By  reason  of  the  close  relations  between  the  Academy  and 
the  American  Entomological  Society,  he  entered  the  member- 
ship of  the  latter  on  March  9,  1883,  through  the  former.  He 
served  as  Recording  Secretary  of  the  Society  1898-1915,  as 
President  1916-1925  and  was  made  an  Honorary  Member  in 
1926. 


232  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [O'Ct.,    '26 

As  early  as  1892  (iii:  93-94)  he  proposed  a  national  asso- 
ciation of  entomologists.  When  the  idea,  if  not  his  own  plan, 
was  realized  by  the  formation  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  America,  he  was  elected  both  a  fellow  and  a  vice  president 
at  its  initial  meeting  in  New  York  City,  December  28,  1906 
(xviii:  62)  and  presided  at  its  Boston  meeting  August  22, 
1907J  (xviii:  369).  The  next  year,  at  Baltimore,  December 
31,  he  became  President  (xx  :  94)  and  again  presided  at  the 
Boston  meeting"  of  December  30  and  31,  1909  (xxi:  92). 

When  international  entomological  congresses  were  sug- 
gested, he  was  made  Chairman  of  the  committee  for  the  United 
States  (xx:  368).  In  1910  he  attended  the  first  Congress  at 
Brussels,  where  he  was  President  of  the  Section  on  Nomen- 
clature and  read  a  paper  on  One  Hundred  Years  of  Entomology 
in  the  United  States  (xxi:  364,  379,  381;  xxii :  48).  From 
Brussels  he  went  on  to  the  Eighth  International  Congress  of 
Zoology  at  Graz  (xxi:  477).  On  October  1,  1910,  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  permanent  committee  of  the  entomol- 
ogical congresses.  Two  years  later,  with  his  family,  he  was 
at  the  Second  Entomological  Congress  at  Oxford,  where  he 
was  vice  president  of  the  Section  on  Evolution,  Bionomics  and 
Mimicry,  August  6,  1912  (xxiii:  375,  382). 

From  March,  1913,  on  he  was  a  member  of  the  International 
Commission  of  Zoological  Nomenclature  (xxiv:  328).  A 
member  of  the  American  Association  of  Economic  Entomol- 
ogists since  June  23.  1900,  he  was  a  Vice  President  in  1903. 
He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science  and  served  as  Secretary  of  the  Council  in  1915 
and  as  General  Secretary  in  1916.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Geographical  Club  (later  Geographical  Society)  of 
Philadelphia  in  1891.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Socie- 
dad  Cubana  de  Historia  Natural  "Felipe  Poey"  in  1919  and 
of  the  American  Philosophical  Society  in  1922.  The  Univer- 
sity of  Pittsburgh  conferred  the  honorary  degree  of  doctor  of 
science  upon  him  June  14,  1911. 

He  was  Philadelphia  born,  March  27,  1861  ;  the  son  of  Wil- 
liam S.  and  Sarah  (Irvin)  Skinner.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  and  was  graduated  from  Rugby  Academy  in  1879. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL      XFAVS  233 

From  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  he  received  the  degrees 
of  B.S.  in  1881  and  AI.D.  in  1884.  He  was  assistant  to  Dr. 
Wm.  Goodell  in  the  practice  of  gynaecology  from  1884  to  1900. 
His  medical  work  also  brought  him  on  professional  visits  to 
the  inmates  of  the  Eastern  Penitentiary,  in  the  built-up  portion 
of  his  native  city,  and  gave  rise  to  his  curious  note  on  a  collec- 
tion of  18  species  of  insects  made  by  a  prisoner  within  a  yard 
14  x  17  feet  enclosed  by  stone  walls  11^>  feet  high  (i:  19-20). 
From  1900  on  he  abandoned  medicine  completely  for  entomol- 
ogy, although  his  training  naturally  caused  him  to  take  much 
interest  in  the  insect  carriage  of  human  diseases,  as  that  sub- 
ject developed. 

In  1886  he  married  Celia  Angela  Beck  of  Philadelphia  who, 
with  a  daughter,  Marian,  now  Airs.  Harvey  Madera,  and  a 
son,  Henry,  survive  him. 

Until  after  the  death  of  his  parents,  he  resided  in  the  parental 
home  at  716  North  20th  St.,  Philadelphia,  where  ever  and  anon 
he  welcomed  a  meeting  of  the  Feldman  Collecting  Social 
(vii:  93;  x:  152;  xvii :  265).  About  1907  he  moved  to  Ard- 
more,  Pennsylvania,  and  still  later  to  a  farm  between  Narberth 
and  Falls  of  Schuylkill  where  he  lived  until  his  death. 


For  nearly  forty  years  the  writer  has  been  in  contact  with 
Dr.  Skinner,  although  latterly  increasing  work  at  the  Univer- 
sity and  more  remote  residence  have  prevented  me  from  seeing 
him  as  frequently  as  in  earlier  days.  I  am  deeply  conscious  that 
he  had  a  great  influence  upon  my  life.  I  looked  to  him1  for 
sympathy  in  my  work  and  found  it.  I  think  he  felt  the  same 
toward  me.  There  is  now  a  void  which  no  one  else  can  fill. 

PHILIP  P.  CAL'VERT. 


Frank  Cowan. 

Apropos  of  Air.  Weiss's  article,  Frank  Gmr</»  and  his  "His- 
tory of  Insects",  in  the  NEWS  for  July  last,  pages  212-214,  it 
is  of  interest  to  mention  that  the  name  of  the  "Hon.  Frank 
Cowan"  occurs  in  the  NEWS  for  October,  1902  (vol.  xiii,  p. 
126), -in  the  list  of  those  who  had  signified  their  intention  to 
become  members  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  \\VxtiTii 
Pennsylvania. 


234  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

Entomological  Bibliography  of  Henry  Skinner. 

Compiled  by  E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

1882.  Some  peculiarities  of  Argynnis  id  alia.    Can.  Ent.  xiv, 
p.  20. — Scent  organ  of  Papilio.     Proc.  Ac.   Nat.  Scft   Phila., 
xxxiv,  p.  239. 

1883.  Ovipositing  of  Argynnis  cybelc.     Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  xxxv.  p.  36. 

1887.    Variation  in  Argynnis  myrina.    Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc., 
xiv.  ]>.  v. 

1889.  Two   new   species   of  butterflies.     Trans.   Am.   Ent. 
SQC.,  xvi,  p.  86-97. — A  list  of  the  butterflies  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.    (with  E.  M.  Aaron).     Can.   Ent.,  xxi,  p.    126-131,   145- 
149. — Butterflies  at  Qu'appelle,  Assa.  Can.  Ent.,  xxi,  p.  238- 
240. 

1890.  Notes  on  butterflies  found  at  Cape  May,  N.  J.,  with 
a  new  species  of  Painphila.    i,  p.  6-9.* — A  royal  Entomologist, 
i.  p.  10-11.— Philadelphia's  "White  Pasha."    'i,  p.  11.— Home- 
made cork,     i,  p.   12. — Random  notes  on  Lepidoptera.     i,  p. 
19-20. —  [Note  on]  the  Entomologische  Zeitschrift.     i,  p.  31.— 
Notes    on    Lepidoptera.      i,    p.    51-52. —  [Note    on    Ccdlosamia 
angulifera.]     i,  p.  58. —  [Note  on  the  Luna  moth],     i,  p.  76.— 
Geographical  variation,  i,  p.  84-86. —  ['Notes  on  Terms  nicippc, 
Neonympha  mitchcHii].     i,  p.   129. — Obituary'  notice,     i,   146. 

189~1.  [Note  on  the  hickory-horned  devil].  (Ed.).  Ent. 
News,  ii,  p.  1-2,  pi.  1. — Exchange  list  of  butterflies  of  America 
north  of  Mexico,  ii,  p.  12,  suppl.,  iv.  pp. —  [Note  on  the 
illustration  of  Citheronia  regalis].  ii,  p.  21,  pi.  2. — Obituary 
notices,  ii.  p.  11,  40,  80,  100,  128,  168,  188.— Inoculated  with 
electricity,  ii,  p.  55. —  [Note  on  plate  of  Kallima  paralekta}. 
ii.  p.  81-82,  pi.  5. — Elementary  entomology,  ii,  p.  89,  91, 
110-112,  137-138,  157,  177-179'  196-197.— [Notes  on  Erebus 
zcnobia,  and  Diphthera  f estiva  clcgans].  ii,  p.  92. —  [Note  on 
illustration  of  two  rare  hesperids].  ii,  p.  101-102,  pi.  1  [5a.]- 
Henry  Edwards.  (Obituary.)  ii,  p.  129-130,  pi.  6.— [Note 
on  illustration  of  the  owl  butterfly],  ii.  p.  149-150,  pi.  7 '.— 
Random  notes  on  lepidoptera.  ii,  p.  158-159. — A  new  Pain- 
phila.  ii,  p.  175. —  [Note  on  plate  showing  half-tone  color 
valuation],  ii,  p.  189-190,  pi.  9. 

1892.      [Note  on  plate  of  butterflies],     iii,   p.  49,   pi.  2.- 
Obituary  notices,     iii,   p.   72,    104,    191-192.— [Note  on   ento- 
mological   excursions].       (Ed.).       iii,    p.    93-94. —  [Note    on 

*Where  merely  volume  and  page  numbers  are  given,  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
NEWS  is  to  be  understood. 


xxxvii,   '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\YS  235 

Elcctricia  toinfooleryciisis].  iii,  p.  96. — Ovipositing  in  the 
genus  Arxynnis.  Can.  Ent..  xxiv,  p.  128-129. — (Greenland 
Lepidoptera.  (with  Levi  W.  Mengel).  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Si. 
Phila.,  1892.  p.  156-159. —  [Note  on  plate  of  papilios].  iii.  p. 
105,  pi.  4. — Entomological  ruhhish.  (Ed),  iii,  p.  118-119.— 
[Note  on  plate  of  Datmni  ministra].  iii.  ]).  129,  pi.  5. — A  new 
species  of  Eudamns.  Can.  Ent.,  xxiv,  p.  164. —  [Note  on  a 
plate  of  rare  moths.]  iii,  p.  165,  pi.  6. — A  new  species  of 
Panipltila.  iii,  p.  174-175. —  [Note  on  plate  of  Spliiii.r  ritsticu\. 
iii,  ]).  193,  pi.  7. —  [Note  on  plate  of  Protoparcc  cin^ulata}.  iii. 
p.  218,  pi.  8.— A  new  Pcunpliila.  iii,  p.  222-223.— The 
family.  (Ed.),  iii,  p.  228. — Your  photograph  wanted.  (Ed.). 
iii,  p.' 260. 

1893.  The  larva  and  chrysalis  of  Chrysophanns  dionc.   Can. 
Ent.,  xxv,  p.  22. — Isaac  C.  Martindale  (.Obituary),     iv,  p.  37- 
38,  pi.  2. — A  new  End  minis,     iv,  p.  64-65. — Two  weeks  col- 
lecting trip  in  N.  Carolina  by  Henry  Skinner,  and  description 
of  a  new  moth  by  John   B.   Smith,     iv,  p.  80-84. — Obituary 
notices,     iv.  p.  127,  280. —  [Note  on  a  life  history  collection  of 
Ocncria  disbar.]      iv,  p.   159. —  [Note  on  first1  number  of   the 
Journal  of  the  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.].    iv,  p.  185. —  [Obituary  notice 
of   Dr.   John   L.   LeConte].     iv,   p.    185,   pi.    10. — Three  new 
species    of    Pamphila.      iv,    p.    211-213. —  [Note    on    plate    of 
Argynnis  ou'eni  and  cornclia].     iv,  p.  217,  pi.   11. — Cartcro- 
cephalus  palacinoa.    Can.  Ent.,  xxv,  p.  257. — Notes  on  Argyn- 
nis cybclc  and  leto.    iv,  p.  318-319. 

1894.  Obituary    notices,      v,    p.    32,    96,    160. — Borrowing- 
books.     (Ed.),    v,  p.  72. — Tachyris  ilairc  n.  var.  neumoegenii. 
v,  p.  110,  pi.  4. — The  new  entomology.     (Ed.),     v,  p.  115.— 
Type   specimens    (Ed.),     v,  p.    142. — Edward   Norton    (Obit- 
uary),   v,  p.  162-163,  pi.  6. —  [Note  on  Thccla  acis.]  v,  p.  180. 

-Field    meeting.      (Ed.),      v,    p.    181.— The    Association    of 
Economic  Entomologists.     (Ed.),    v,  p.  248. — Benjamin  Dann 
Walsh,     p.    269-270,    pi.    9.— An    experience.      (Ed.),      v,    p. 
282. — Distribution   of   entomologists.      (Ed.),     v,  p.   310.— 
new  Eiidaunts.     v,  p.  332. 

1895.  A  monument  to  Thomas  Say.      (Ed.),     vi.  p.  45.— 
Obituary   notices,     vi,   p.   64,    132,    172,   240,    340.— Berthold 
Xeumoegen.      Obituary )     vi,     p.     66-67,     pi.     3.—  Motes     on 
Rhopalocera.  with  descriptions  of  new  species,     vi,  p.  112-114. 

—Colius  hccla.     Psyche,  vii,  p.  244. —  Popular  entomology- 
chase  for  a  butterfly,     vi,  p.  145-147. — Labeling  insects,  i  Ed.  ). 
vi.  p.  150-151. — Anew  departure.     (Ed.),     vi,  p.  187.  ,54.- 
[C.    Knist.   Seeber].      (Obituary),      vi,   p.    195-l"f>.   pi. 
new  Ac^laif   ( Mc^dtliyinns  I .     Can.    Ent.,   xxvii,  p.    17(>. --The 


236  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

Boreal  American  species  of  Pamphila.  Can.  Ent,  xxvii,  p. 
261-262. — L'Abbe  Provancher.  (Obituary),  vi,  p.  209,  pi.  9. — 
Prof.  C.  V.  Riley.  (Obituary),  vi,  p.  241-243,  pi.  10.— Rev. 
J.  G.  Morris.  (Obituary),  vi,  p.  273-274,  pi.  12.— Geographi- 
cal names.  (Ed.),  vi,  p.  322. 

1896.  Thaddeus  William  Harris.    (Note.)    vii,  p.  1,  pi.  1.- 
Report  on  the  extermination  of  the  tussock  moth,  (with  W.  J. 
Fox).     Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xlviii,  p.  12-14. — Dr.  Asa 
Fitch,    (note),     vii,   p.   65,   pi.  2. — The  new  quarters   of   the 
Society  and  Section.     (Ed.),     vii,  p.  81. — Dust.     (Ed.),     vii, 
p.   105.— Obituary  notices,     vii,  p.   128,   192,  256.— An  indus- 
trious Philadelphia  collector.      [James  Ridings.]     vii,  p.   161- 
162,  pi.   7. — Two  new  hesperids.     Can.  Ent.,   xxviii,  p.   187- 
188. —  [Note  on  the  chrysalis  of  Feniseca  tarquinius].     vii,  p. 
193,  pi.  8.— Obituary:    John  B.   Lambert,     vii,  p.  224.— Im- 
pressions received  from  a  study  of  our  North  American  Rho- 
palocera.      Jour.    N.    Y.    Ent.    Soc.,    iv,    p.    107-118. — Cocoon 
hunting  in  the  fall,     vii,  p.  257-258,  pi.  9. 

1897.  [Note   on   illustration   of   Dcilcpliila   lincata  .     viii, 
p.  49,  pi.  3. — Obituary  notices,    viii,  p.  72. — Government  ento- 
mology.    (Ed.),     viii,  p.  79-81. —  [Note  on  an  illustration  of 
a  well  equipped  entomological  laboratory],    viii,  p.  97,  pi.  6.— 
Notes  on  Rhopalocera,  with   descriptions  of  new  species  and 
varieties.     Can.  Ent.,  xxix,  p.  154-156. —  [Note  on  the  illustra- 
tion of  some  Pamphila  species],     viii,   121,  pi.  7. —  [Note  on 
Thccla  martialis].     viii,  p.   123. —  [Note  on  an  infestation  of 
red  ants],    viii,  p.  134-135. — A  new  method  of  studying  neura- 
tion.     Can.  Ent.,  xxix,  p.  199-200. — A  rare  tract.     Psyche,  viii, 
p.   102-103.— Locality  labels.     (Ed.),     viii,  p.   171.— Late  col- 
lecting.    (Ed.),     viii,  p.   197. — A  new  species  of  Dcbis.     viii, 
p.  236. 

1898.  Dr.  George  H.  Horn.     (Obituary)  ix,  p.  1-3,  pi.  1  .- 
[Note  on  Pscudosphynx  tctrio].     ix,  p.  27. — Obituary  notices, 
ix,  p.  32,  80,    104,   128,  208.— The  distribution  of  entomolo- 
gists (Ed.),    ix,  p.  68. — Loaning  specimens  for  study.     (Ed.), 
ix,  p.  90. —  [Comment  on  Cockerell's  note  on  quarantine  against 
insects],     ix,  p.  120. — Packing  of  insects.     (Ed.),     ix,  p.  149. 

-The  effect  of  the  war  in  relation  to  entomology.  (Ed.),  ix, 
p.  173. —  [Note  on  Pamphila  metca],  ix,  p.  174. — On  sending 
insects  by  mail  or  express.  .  .  .  (Ed),  ix,  p.  218-219. — Re- 
view :  Supplement  No.  1  of  Strecker's  Lepidoptera.  ix.  p.  229. 

—A  synonymic  catalogue  of  the  North  American  Rhopalocera. 
Phila.,  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  p.  1-99,  xiv. 

1899.  A  new  butterfly  from  Utah.     Can.  Ent.,  xxxi,  p.  12. 
-Review:    The  butterfly  book.     \>\  W.  J.  Holland,     x,  p.  18- 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  237 

19. — Notes  on  butterflies,  with  descriptions  of  new  species. 
x,  p.  111-113. — Obituary  notice.  x,  p.  190. — A  note  on 
Lyman's  review  of  the  Synonymic  catalogue  of  North  Amer- 
ican Butterflies.  Can.  Ent.,  xxxi,  p.  195-196. — The  fourth 
of  July.  Collecting"  in  the  Canon's  mouth,  x,  p.  286-288. 

1900.  [Xote  on  a  description  of  a  species  of  Sphinx],     xi, 
p.  334. — Obituary  notices,     xi,  p.  412,  484. — North  American 
Hesperidae.     xi,  p.  413-415,  pi.  2. —  [Color  illustration  in  ento- 
mology.]     (Ed.),     xi,  p.  434-435,  pi.  3-8.— [Note  on  Catocala 
innnbcns  var.   scintillans].     xi,   p.   445. — How  a   little   tineid 
larva  lives  on  what  is  left  of  a  big  cecropia  caterpillar,     (with 
A.  F.  Satterthwait ).     xi,  p.  502-503. — Revision  of  the  Ameri- 
can species  of  the  genus  Coenonympha.    Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc., 
xxvi,  p.  299-309,  pi.  7. — A  headlong  plunge  into  the  synonymy, 
xi,  p.  533-535,  pi.  14. — Review:     Illustrations  of  hitherto  un- 
figured  lepidoptera.    By  A.  G.  Weeks,    xi,  p.  544-545. — [Note 
on  cecropia  cocoons],     xi,  p.  632. 

1901.  [Note  on  packing  insects],     xii,  p.   158. — On  small 
collection  of  butterflies  made  in  California  and  Arizona,     xii, 
p.    170-171. —  [Note  on  shipping  insects],     xii,  p.    188-189.— 
Obituary  notices,    xii,  p.  192,  256,  pi.  9. — Review :   Monograph 
of  the   Sesiidae.     By  Wm.   Buttermuller.     xii,  p.   215-216.— 
Review:    Mosquitoes.     By  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard,     xii,  p.  216.— 
Review :    Nature  Biographies.     By  C.  M.  Weed,     xii,  p.  216- 
217. — Review:   The  Insect  Book.     By  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard,    xii, 
p.   217-218. —  [Note  on  Platysamia  cecropia].     xii,  p.  218.— 
xii,  p.  218. — Collecting  trips.     (Ed.),     xii,  p.  245. 

1902.  Ferdinand  Heinrich  Herman  Strecker.     (Obituary), 
xiii,  p.  1-4,  pi.  1. — New  species  of  Rhopalocera.     xiii,  p.  15.— 
Review:  The  elements  of  insect  anatomy.    By  J.  H.  Comstock. 
xiii,  p.  21-22. — Photographs  of  entomologists,    xiii,  p.  45-47.— 
Review:    Insects  injurious  to  staple  crops.     By  E.  D.  Sander- 
son,    xiii,  p.  58. — Obituary  notices,     xiii,  p.  64,  266,  298. — A 
new  moth  from  Alaska,     xiii,  p.  141-143. — Review:    Fumiga- 
tion methods.  ...  By  W.  G.  Johnson,     xiii,  p.   158. — A  new 
Papilio.     xiii,  p.   183. —  [Note  on  some  Hesperidae  caught  in 
the  U.   S.].     xiii.  p.    183. —  [Note  on  PsychopJwra].     xiii.  p. 
192.— Homer  Franklin  Bassett.     (Obituary),     xiii,  p.  203-205, 
pi.  10. — A  new  hesperid.     xiii,  p.  213-214. — Review:     Animal 
activities.     By  Nathaniel  H.  French,     xiii,  p.  214. —  [Minutes 
of  the  Feldman  Collecting  Social],     xii,  p.  265-266. — Review: 
Caterpillars  and  their  moths.  .  .  .  By  Eliot  &  Soule.     xiii,  p. 
296-297.— A   new  species   of   Mclituca.     xiii.   p.    304-305. 
butterfly  new  to  the  United  States,     xiii,  p.  321. — Review:    A 
nature  wooing  at  Ormond  by  the  sea.     By   \Y.   S.    I'.latchley. 


238  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

xiii,  p.  325. — A  list  of  the  insects  of  Beulah,  New  Mexico. 
(Edited  by).  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxix,  p.  35-117.  [Includes 
the  two  following  titles].  Lepidoptera  of  Beulah,  New  Mex- 
ico. Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxix,  p.  36-38.  Coleoptera  of 
Beulah,  New  Mexico.  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxix,  p.  38-41. 

1903.  How  valuable  work  may  be  done.      (Ed.),     xiv,  p. 
55-56. — A  hesperid  new  to  our  fauna,     xiv,  p.   110. — A  new 
sesiid.     xiv,  p.   126. — -Review:    A  list  of  the  North  American 
kpidoptera  and  key  to  the  literature  of  this  order  of  insects. 
By   Harrison   G.   Dyar.     xiv.  p.    128-130. — Check  list  of   the 
lepicloptera   of   Boreal   America,    (with   Smith  and   Kearfott). 
xiv,  p.  136. — A  new  variety  of  Sphinx,     xiv,  p.  168. — A  new 
variety  of  Tegrodcra.    xiv.  p.  168. — The  Psycho phora  mix  up. 
xiv,  p.  200. —  [Note  on  Thysania  senobia].     xiv,  p.  203. — A 
new   Nyctalemon.     Proc.  Ac.  Nat.   Sci.  Phila.,  Iv,  p.  298,  pi. 
13. — Notes  on  Buprestidae  with  descriptions  of  new  species, 
xiv,  p.  236-239,  pi.   14.— Charles  Alfred  Blake.      (Obituary), 
xiv,  p.  213-215,  pi.  9. — Augustus  Radcliffe  Grote.     (Obituary), 
xiv,  p.  277-278,  pi.  13. 

1904.  A    synonymic    catalogue    of    the    North    American 
Rhopalocera.     Supplement  No.  1.     34  pp. — Review:    A  moth 
book.     By  W.  J.  Holland,     xv,  p.  37. — Review :    First  annual 
report   of   the   noxious    insects   of  ....  Illinois.      By    B.    D. 
Walsh,     xv,  p.  37-38. — Review :  Synopsis  of  insect  collections 
for  distributions.   .  .   .  By  C.  A.  Hart,     xv,  p.  38. — Obituary 
notices,     xv,  p.  112,  352. —  [Note  on  the  endurance  of  a  tick], 
xv,  p.  186. — New  Meloidae  from  Arizona,     xv,  p.  217. — Re- 
view:   Harriman  Alaska  expedition,     xv,  p.  219. — The  Rev. 
Jerome   Schmitt.      (Obituary),     xv,  p.   225-226,  pi.    15. — Re- 
view :  The  honey  bee  ....  By  T.  W.  Cowan,     xv,  p.  285.— 
A  new  Thccla  from  the  Northwest,    xv,  p.  298-299.— The  lead 
eating  wasp.      (Note),     xv,  p.   306. —  [Note  on  Amblyscirtes 
clissa  and  Melanchroia  monticola].     xv,  p.  344. —  [Minutes  of 
the  Feldman  Collecting  Social],     xv,  p.  346-347. 

1905.  [Note    on    color    illustration    of    exotic    butterflies], 
xvi,  p.  33,  pi.  3. — This  is  a  joke,  xvi,  p.  84. — Obituary  notices, 
xvi,  p.  96,  160. — Alpheus  Spring  Packard.     (Obituary),     xvi. 
p.  97-98,  pi.  6. — Destructiveness  of  the  Australian  roach  Pcri- 
plancta  aitstralasiac.     xvi,   p.    183. — Review:    Mengel's  Cata- 
logue of  the  Erycinidae.     Ent.  News,  xvi,  p.  200. — A  curious 
disease  from  caterpillar  hairs.     (Note.)     xvi,  p.  203. — A  new 
Crinodcs  from  Arizona,     xvi,  p.  209,  pi.  9. — A  new  Mc^a- 
iliyiints  from  Arizona,     xvi,  p.  232. — Review:    American  in- 
sects.    By  Vernon  L.  Kellogg,     xvi,  p.  274. — Review:  Illus- 
trations of  diurnal  lepidoptera,  with  descriptions.    By  Andrew 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL      NEWS  239 

Gray  Weeks,  xvi,  p.  274. — Descriptions  of  new  Coleoptera 
from  Arizona  with  notes  on  some  other  species,  xvi,  p.  2X9- 
292.  A  review  of  a  review,  xvi,  p.  316-317. — Review:  N'orth 
American  Phylloxerinae  affecting  Hicoria  (Caryai  and  other 
trees.  By  Theodore  Pergrande.  xvi,  p.  336. — Review:  The 
butterflies  of  the  west  coast  of  the  United  States.  l'»v  \\  .  G- 
Wright,  xvi,  p.  336-33X. 

1906.  [Note  on   Dr.    Dyar's   criticism],      xvii,   p.   32-33.— 
New    butterflies    and    moths    with    notes    on     some     specie-. 
xvii,  p.  95-96. — Enraphc  ostenta.      (Xote).   xvii.  p.   101. — On 
Dr.    Dyar's    review    of    the    Hesperidae.      xvii,    p.    110-112.— 
Review:    Dr.  Dyar's  editorial,     xvii,  p.   142. — A  new  ichneu- 
monid.      xvii,   p.    150. — Up-to-date   methods    in    entomological 
publications.     (Note),    xvii,  p.  181. —  [  Minutes  of  the  Feldman 
Collecting  Social],     xvii,  p.  186. — Ophlsnia  tropicalis  in  Fair- 
mount  Park,     xvii,  p.  213. — A  new  Cuntliaris.     xvii,  p.  217.— 
[Note    on    Mcliclcptna    siicta].      xvii,    p.    229.— Mr.    Roland 
Hayward.       (Obituary),      xvii,    p.    230. — Studies    of    Pyrgus 
svrichtiis,  tcsscllata,  occidcntalis  and  montivagus.    xvii,  p.  277- 
278,  pi.  12.— [Note  on  Hesperidae].     xvii,  p.  278.— [Note  on 
Tliccla    cdwardsii}.      xvii,    p.    283. —  [Note    on    Janthinosoma 
nuisica].      xvii.    p.    350. — A    new   variety   of    Papilio    rutnliis. 
xvii,  p.  379. — A  new  Syntomcida.     xvii,  p.  379. — Review:    A 
revision  of  the  American  papilios.     By  Rothchild  and  Jordan, 
xvii,  p.  400-401. 

1907.  Rare  butterflies,    xviii,  p.  22-24. — Review:    Observa- 
tions on  the  staphylinid  groups  Aleocharinae.  .  .   .  By  T.   L. 
Casey,     xviii,  p.  26. — Another  Thccla  tangle,     xviii,  p.  45.— 
The   identity   of    Tliccla    calanus   and   cdwardsi.      Ent.    \Tews. 
xviii,  p.  47-48. — Obituary  notices,     xviii,  p.  112,  320. — Studies 
of   Tliccla   iris  and  T.  hcnrici.     xviii,  p;    129-132. —  [Note  on 
Argyiuris  nitocris  nigrocacrnlca].     xviii,  p.  318. — Tliccla   (In- 
cisalia)  polios,     xviii,  p.  327. — Cook:    In  defense  of  Incisalia 
hcnrici.     xviii,  p.  333-334. — A  new  butterfly   from  California. 
xviii,  p.  378. — A  catalogue  of  the  hemipterous   family  Alev- 
rodidae.  By  G.  W.  Kirkaldy,  and  Aleyrodidae  of  Hawaii  and 
Fiji,  with  descriptions  of  new  species.     By  Kotinsky.     (  Notice  ) 
xviii,    p.   405. — Darwinism    to-day.      By    Yernon    L.    Kellogg. 
(Notice),     xviii,  p.  405. — Insects  injurious  to  vegetables.     By 
F.  H.  Chittenden.     (Notice)     xviii,  p.  405. — Catalogue  nf  the 
neuropteroid  insects   (except  Odonata)   of  the  United  States. 
By  Nathan  Banks.     (Notice)  xviii,  p.  406. — A  revision  of  the 
American   components   of   the   tenebrionid    subfamily    Tentyri- 
inae.     By  Thomas  L.  Casey.     (Notice)  xviii,  p.  400. 

1908.  Argynnis  astarlc,  Doubl.-IIew.  Can.  Knt.,  xl.  p.  14-15. 


240  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

-The da  loki,  Skinner,     xix,  p.  43-44. —  [Butterflies  at  a  ball], 
xix,  p.  79. — A  new  publication,  the  Journal  of  Economic  Ento- 
mology,    xix,  p.  79-81. — Obituary  notices,     xix,  p.  142,  242, 
348,  396. — A  new  variety  of  Papilla  philcnor.     xix,  p.  149.— 
Entomological   literature,      xix,    p.   291,    339,   385. — Pamphtia 
manitoboidcs,  and  Painphila  sassacus,  Can  Ent.  xl,  p.  220. — 
[Note  on  Samia  Columbia  nokomis].     Can.  Ent.  xl,  p.  354.— 
First  International  Entomological  Congress,     xix,  p.  367-368. 

-Dr.  William  H.  Ashmeacl.     (Obituary),    xix,  p.  397-39"8,  pi. 
16. — James  Fletcher.     (Obituary),     xix,  p.  445-447,  pi.  19. 

1909.  [Note   on   tribute   to   Dr.    Fletcher],      xx,   p.   76.- 
Obituary  notice,     xx,  p.  96. — William  H.  Edwards.     (Obitu- 
ary),    xx,  p.  193-194,  pi.   19. — The  James  Fletcher  memorial 
fund,    xx,  p.  237. — The  relation  of  house-flies  to  the  spread  of 
disease.    N.  Orleans  Med.  &  Surg.  Jour.,  Ixi,  p.  950-959. — The 
disease  breeding  power  of  house-flies  and  the  best  methods  of 
prevention.     Perm.  Health  Bull.  No.  1,  7  pp.,  ill. — Books  re- 
viewed,    xx,  p.  438. — The  Collections  of  the  American  Ento- 
mological Society.     Hist.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  1859-1909  by  E.  T. 
Cresson,  pp.  37-41. 

1910.  Vanhornia  cucncmidarum.     (Ed.),     xxi,  p.  83,  ill.— 
Review:  Indian  insect  life.     By  H.  M.  Lefroy.     xxi,  p.  91-92. 

-Henry  Ulke.  (Obituary),  xxi,  p.  99-100^  pi.  6. — Review: 
Ant  communities  and  how  they  are  governed.  By  H.  C.  Mc- 
Cook.  xxi,  p.  143-144. —  [Note  on  sanitary  work  in  Cuba], 
xxi,  p.  232. — Review :  Fishes  in  their  relation  to  the  mosquito 
problem.  By  Wm.  P.  Seal,  xxi,  p.  286. — Review:  The  fungus 
gnats  of  North  America.  By  O.  A.  Johannsen.  xxi,  p.  286.— 
Review:  The  rat  and  its  relation  to  public  health.  By  various 
authors,  xxi,  p.  287. — Obituary  notices,  xxi,  p.  290,  436.— 
First  international  congress  of  entomology,  xxi,  p.  337-338, 
376-384. — The  growing  appreciation  of  entomology.  (Ed.). 
xxi,  p.  363-364. — The  eighth  international  zoological  congress. 
(Note),  xxi,  p.  476-477. — Two  kinds  of  war.  One  is  consid- 
ered necessary  and  the  other  is  not.  War  on  disease  carrying 
insects.  Ottawa  Nat.,  xxiv,  p.  74-76. 

1911.  Review:    Insects    and    disease.      By    R.    W.    Doane. 
xxii,  p.   45-46. — Review:   Annual    report  of   the   New   Jersey 
State  Museum,     xxii,  p.  93-94. — A  new  Argynnis  and  a  new 
Parnassius.    xxii,  p.  108. —  [Note  on  genus  Timetcs}.    xxii,  p. 
Ill,  226. — A  new  variety  of  Chionobas.  xxii,  p.  220. — Destroy- 
ing  the   gypsy   moth.      (Ed.),      xxii,    p.    225. — Colics    Hastes 
streckeri.    xxii,  p.  231. — Lycacna  cnoptcs,  battoidcs  and  glau- 
con.     xxii,  p.  259-262. — John  Eatton  LeConte.     (Ed.),     xxii. 
p.  276-277. — Review :  List  of  North  American  Cicindelidae  in 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  241 

the  Harris  collection.  By  E.  D.  Harris,  xxii,  p.  283. — Re- 
view: Illustrations  of  diurnal  lepidoptera.  By  Andrew  Gray 
Weeks,  xxii,  p.  284. — Samuel  Hubbard  Scudder.  (Obituary), 
xxii,  p.  289,  290-292,  pi.  8.— A  new  variety  of  Megathymus 
yuccae.  xxii,  p.  300. — Review :  The  house-fly.  By  L.  O.  How- 
ard, xxii,  p.  333-334. — The  larger  Boreal  American  Hesperi- 
dae,  including  Endaiiins,  I:rycidcs,  Pyrrhopyge,  and  Megathy- 
mus. Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxxvii,  p.  169-209,  pi.  10.- -The 
Boreal  American  species  of  Chlorippc.  (Doxocopa,  Apatura). 
Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxxvii,  p.  211-215. — Two  rare  species 
of  Coleoptera.  xxii,  p.  354-357. — One  hundred  years  of  ento- 
mology in  the  United  States.  Mem.  1st  Int.  Cong.  Ent.,  p. 
425-432. — New  species  or  sub-species  of  North  American  but- 
terflies, xxii,  p.  412-413. — Adclpha  (Hcterocliroa)  brcdoivi 
and  calif  arnica,  xxii.  p.  414-415. — The  cotton  moth  in  large 
numbers.  (Note),  xxii,  p.  415. — Review:  Reduction  of 
domestic  mosquitoes.  By  E.  H.  Ross,  xxii,  p.  432. — Review: 
Manual  of  Philippine  silk  culture.  By  C.  S.  Banks,  xxii,  p. 
475-476. —  [Dr.  Henry  C.  McCook  as  a  naturalist].  Jour. 
Presbyt.  Hist.  Soc.,  vi,  p.  115-121. 

1912.  Review:  Contributions  to  the  natural  history  of  the 
lepidoptera  of   North  America.     By  Barnes  &  McDunnough. 
xxiii,  p.  88-89,  189-190,  480-481.— two  new  butterflies,     xxiii, 
p.  126-127.— [Note  relative  to  Mr.  Kearfott].    xxiii,  p.  179.- 
Review :  Insect  pests  of  farm,  garden  and  orchard.     By  E.  D. 
Sanderson,     xxiii,  p.   188-189. — Review :  Butterfly  hunting  in 
many  lands.    By  G.  B.  Longstaff.    xxiii,  p.  236-237. — Life  his- 
tory of  some  American  insects  that  carry  disease.     Penn.  Med. 
Jour.,  xv,  p.  952-956. — Mimicry  in  Boreal  American  Rhopalo- 
cera.    Jour.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  xv,  p.  121-127. — A  senator  on 
medical   entomology,      xxiii,   p.   425. — A   tropical   butterfly   in 
New  Hampshire,    xxiii,  p.  473. — Review :  House-flies  and  how 
they  spread  disease.     By  C.  G.  Hewitt,     xxiii,  p.  479-480. — 
Review:  Polymorphism  in  a  group  of  mimetic  butterflies  of  the 
Ethiopian  nymphaline  genus  Pseudacraea.     By  E.  B.  Poulton. 
xxiii,  p.   480. — Review:   The  macrolepidoptera  of   the  world. 
By  Seitz.    xxiii,  p.  481-482. 

1913.  Antigeny   in   neartic    butterflies,      xxiv,    p.    23-27.— 
Review:  A  preliminary  list  of  the  insects  of  the  province  of 
Quebec.      \\\  A.   F.   Winn.     xxiv,  p.   37. — Review:   Injurious 
insects:  how  to  recognize  and  control  them.     By  W.  C.  O'Kane. 
xxiv,  p.  37-38. — A  new  hesperid  butterfly  from  Cuba.     xxiv.  p. 
72. — Notes   on    L\cacna    ncnrona.      xxiv,    p.    82-83. — William 
Forsell  Kirby.      (Obituary),     xxiv,  p.  93-94,  pi.  4. — Revu-w  : 
Insecutor  Inscitiae  Menstruus.     xxiv,  p.  139. — To  collect  lepi- 


242  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

clopterous  pupae,  xxiv,  p.  226. — Note  on  Lycacna  amyntula, 
monica  and  tejua.  xxiv,  p.  230-231. — Review:  The  entomolo- 
gist's log-book  and  dictionary  of  the  life  histories  and  food 
plants  of  the  British  macro-lepidoptera.  By  A.  G.  Scorer, 
xxiv,  p.  285-286. —  [Comparison  of  distribution  of  butterflies 
in  N.  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania],  xxiv,  p.  287. — Review:  Con- 
tributions to  the  natural  history  of  the  lepidoptera  of  North 
America.  By  Barnes  &  McDunnough.  xxiv,  p.  286. — How 
does  the  house-fly  pass  the  winter?  xxiv,  p.  303-304. — Obitu- 
ary: Rev.  Dr.  Isaac  F.  Stidhain.  xxiv,  p.  321-322. — Limcnitis 
ursula  var.  albofasciata.  xxiv,  p.  326. — Editorial :  a  little 
learning  is  a  dangerous  thing,  xxiv,  413-415. — A  new  Argynnis 
from  Utah,  xxiv,  p.  450. 

1914.  Parasites  of  the  San  Jose  scale,     xxv.  p.  39. — Re- 
view :   Etudes  de  lepidopterologie  comparee.    By  Charles  Ober- 
thur.    xxv,  p.  47-48,  379-380. — Review :  Fabre,  Poet  of  science. 
By  Dr.   C,  V.   Legros.     xxv,   p.   81-82. — On  written  history. 
(Ed.),     xxv,  p.  129. — Studies  in  the  genus  Thanaos.     Trans. 
Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xl,  p.  195-221,  ill. — Ambnly.v  strigilis  in  Florida, 
xxv,    p.    229. — Dr.    J.    Brackenridge    Clemens.       (Obituary). 
xxv,  p.  289-292,  pi.  12. —  [A  note  on  Argynnis  laurenti}.    xxv, 
p.   324. — Colias  curythcmc  and  its  varieties,     xxv,  p.   325.— 
Notes  on  Lycacna  .rcrccs,  antiacis  and  polyphcmus.     xxv,  p. 
326. — Review :   Patton  &  Cragg's  Textbook  of  medical  ento- 
mology,   xxv,  p.  333-334. — Obituary :  H.  H.  Lyman.     xxv,  p. 
335-336.— The  larva  of  Papilio  homerus   (with  E.  M.  Swain- 
son),     xxv,  p.  348-349,  illust. — Sanitation  in  Vera  Cruz,  Mex- 
ico,   xxv,  p.  417. — Callosainia  promcthca  and  angnlifera.    xxv, 
p.   468-469. — Review:    Pierce's   "The   genitalia   of    the   group 
Geometridae  of  the  British  Islands."    xxv,  p.  476. 

1915.  Review:  Die  Grossschmetterlinge  der  Erde.     By  A. 
Seitz.    xxvi,  p.  41-42. —  [Cannibalism  of  larvae  of  Papilio  phi- 
lenor].     xxvi,   p.  43. — Reviews:    Some   South  Indian  insects 

.  .  By  T.  B.  Fletcher.  Insects  injurious  to  the  house- 
hold. By  G.  W.  Herrick.  Manual  of  fruit  insects.  By  Slinger- 
land  &  Crosby,  xxvi,  p.  88-89. — Reports  on  the  doings  of 
societies.  (Ed.),  xxvi,  p.  134. — The  International  entomo- 
logical congress.  (Ed.),  xxvi,  p.  228. — How  does  the  house- 
fly pass  the  winter?  xxvi,  p.  263-264. — Lycacna  argioliis  in 
America.  xxvi,  p.  329. — Boisduval's  Lycaena  piasus  and 
Lycacna  rhaca.  xxvi,  p.  360-361. — On  buying  and  selling  in- 
sects. (Ed.),  xxvi,  p.  363. — Reviews:  Insects  and  man.  By 
C.  A.  Ealand.  The  butterfly  guide.  By  W.  J.  Holland,  xxvi, 
p.  375. — The  financial  status  of  scientific  journals.  (Ed.). 
xxvi,  p.  472. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  243 

1916.  Review:  Mimicry  in  butterflies.     By  R.  C.  Punnett. 
xxvii,  p.  43-44. — A  source  of  annoyance  and  trouble.     (Ed.), 
xxvii,   p.   85. — The   genus   Paniassiits   in   America,     xxvii,   p. 
210-215. — A  new  Catagramma  from  Brazil,     xxvii,  p.  307.— 
A  remarkable  abdominal  structure  in  certain  moths,     xxvii,  p. 
333. — Review:    Etudes)    de    lepidopterologie    comparee.       By 
Charles  Oberthur.     xxvii,  p.  377-378. 

1917.  Review:    The    lepidopterist.      xxviii,    p.    45. — Some 
synonymy  in  the  Hesperidae.     xxviii,  p.  82. — Review :  Check 
list  of  the  lepidoptera  of  Boreal  America,    xxviii,  p.  190-191.— 
Lycacna  lygdainus  and  its  races  with  a  description  of  a  new  one. 
xxviii,  p.  212-214. — Pupal  differences  in  Mcgathymits.     xxviii, 
p.  232. — New  species  of  lepidoptera.     xxviii,  p.  328-329. — In- 
sects and  war.    xxviii,  p.  330-331. — Anthocharis  gcnutia  and  a 
new  variety,    xxviii,  p.  438. — Review:    A  Year  of  Costa  Rican 
Natural  History.    By  A.  S.  and  P.  P.  Calvert.    Bull.  Brooklyn 
Ent.  Soc.  xii,  p.  44-45. 

1918.  William  D.  Kearfott.     (Obituary),    xxix,  p.  1-3,  pi. 
1. — Sclcnis  sneroidcs.     xxix,   p.  44. — Argynnis  apachcona,  a 
new  name,    xxix,  p.  67-68. — Reviews :  Etudes  de  lepidopterol- 
ogie  comparee.     By  Charles  Oberthur.     The  Latrodectus  mas- 
tans     ...     in  Peru.     By  E.  Escomel.     xxix,  p.  118-119.— 
As  to  types.     (Ed.),     xxix,  p.  148. — Some  species  of  Copac- 
odcs.     xxix,  p.   150-151. — Review:     A  study  of  the  Japanese 
Lasiocampidae  and  Drepanidae.    By  K.  Nagano,    xxix,  p.  197. 

—Reviews :  Report  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  second  entomo- 
logical meeting.  By  T.  B.  Fletcher.  Contributions  to  the 
natural  history  of  the  lepidoptera  .  .  .  By  Barnes  &  Mc- 
Dunnough.  xxix,  p.  227. — A  gynandromorph  of  Callosainia 
angulifera  and  Mclitaca  phaeton  aber.  strcckcri.  xxix,  p.  369. 

1919.  A  few  hours  on  Mt.  Washington,     xxx,  p.  48. — Re- 
view: Injurious  insects  and  useful  birds.     By  F.  L.  Washburn. 
xxx,   p.    54. — The   next   international   entomological   congress. 
(Ed.),     xxx,  p.  83. — A  new  species  of  Copaeodes.     xxx,  p. 
100. — Swat  the  fly  versus  starve  the  brute.     (Ed.),     xxx,  p. 
114. —  [Note  on  Edward's  plates  of  Argynnis  -nokoinis].     xxx, 
p.  159. — Stop  thief.     (Ed.),    xxx,  p.  175-176. — Review:  Class 
book  of  economic  entomology.    By  W.  Lochhead.    xxx,  p.  209. 

—A  new  species  of  Argynnis  from  Utah,  xxx,  p.  216. — The 
resting  place  of  collections.  (Ed.),  xxx,  p.  228. — An  inter- 
esting gynandromorphic  butterfly,  xxx,  p.  247.—Hespcri<t 
syrichius  and  montivagus.  xxx,  p.  297-298. — A  loved  and  re- 
spected entomologist,  xxx,  p.  300. — Review:  Etudes  de  lepi- 
dopterologie  comparee.  By  Oberthur.  xxx,  p.  304. 


244  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

1920.  Callosamia  Carolina  and  Samia  sccnrijcra.     xxxi.  p. 
107.— Obituary:     Dr.   H.   C.  Wood,     xxxi,  p.   115-117.— De- 
scriptions of  new  species  of  Hesperidae.     xxxi,  p.  132-135.— 
The  genus  Pyrrhocallcs  with  the  description  of  a  new  form. 
xxxi,  p.  151-153. — A  new  variety  of  Lcinoiiias.     xxxi,  p.  175. 

—Pamphila  calif  ornica.  xxxi,  p.  175. — The  genus  Choranthus 
with  a  description  of  a  new  species,  xxxi,  p.  186-187. — Labels 
on  specimens.  (Ed.),  xxxi,  p.  202-203. — Review:  Insect  be- 
havior. By  P.  G.  Howes,  xxxi,  p.  206. — Two  Syntomidae 
new  to  Mississippi,  xxxi,  p.  263. 

1921.  Obituary:      J.    S.    Johnson,      xxxii,    p.    63. — Moths 
collected  at  Hot  Springs,  Virginia,     xxxii,  p.  65-71. — A  new 
species  of  Mclitaea  from  Montana,     xxxii,  p.  89. — Reviews : 
Etudes  de  lepidopterologie  comparee.     By  C.  Oberthiir.     The 
Hesperioidea  of  America     .     .     .     By  W.  Lindsay,     xxxii,  p. 
93-94. —  [Note  on  the  butterflies  of  the  Chiricahua  Mountains, 
Arizona],     xxxii,  p.  115. — Reviews:  Check  list  of  the  insects 
of  Connecticut.    By  W.  E.  Britton.    Lepidoptera  of  the  Congo 
.     .     .     By  W.  J.  Holland,     xxxii,  p.  127. — Two  new  species 
of  Hesperidae.     xxxii,  236-237. — Atrytonc  kumskaka.     xxxii, 
p.  276-277. — Review :  Etudes  de  lepidopterologie  comparee.  By 
C.  Oberthur.    xxxii,  p.  286. 

1922.  The  identity  of  Neoininois  ridingsi  and  N.  dionysns. 
xxxiii,  p.  74-75,  fig. — Review :  Bulletin  of  the  Hill  Museum, 
xxxiii,  p.  95-96. — The  Sierra  la  Sal,  Utah.     Annual  Reports, 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  1921,  p.  30-38.— On  the  male  genitalia 
of  the  larger  Hesperidae  of  North  America.  (With  R.  C.  Wil- 
liams).   Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xlviii,  p.  109-127,  ill. — Review: 
Etudes     de     lepidopterologie     comparee.       By     C.     Oberthur. 
xxxiii,  p.  251-252. — Protoparcc  rnstica  in  Florida  and  Mr.  T. 
L.  Mead,     xxxiii,  p.  280. 

1923.  "Kindness  to  butterflies."      (Ed.),     xxxiv,  p.  26.— 
Obituary :  H.  J.  Elwes.  xxxiv,  p.  64. — A  new  genus  and  species 
of  sphinx,     xxxiv.  p.  138. — On  the  male  genitalia  of  the  Hes- 
peridae of  North  America.     Paper  ii.   (with  R.  C.  Williams). 
Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xlviii,  p.  283-306,  ill. — On  the  male  geni- 
talia of  the  Hesperidae  of  North  America.     Paper  iii.    (  with 
R.  C.  Williams).     Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  xlix,  p.  129-153,  ill. 

-Duty  on  insects  imported  into  the  United  States.  (Ed.). 
xxxiv,  p.  244-245. — Annotated  list  of  the  Hesperiidae  of  Cuba 
(With  C.  T.  Ramsden).  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  Ixxv, 
p.  307-321. 

1924.  Loan   of   types.      (Ed.),     xxxv,    p.    22. — Obituary: 
Philip  Nell,  xxxv,  p.  35. — Obituary:  Nathaniel  Charles  Roth- 
child,     xxxv,  p.  76. — On  the  male  genitalia  of  the  Hesperidae 


XXXvii,     '26  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL      NEWS  245 

of  North  America.  Paper  iv.  (with  R.  C.  Williams).  Trans. 
Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1,  p.  57-74,  ill. — Kloneus  babayaga.  xxxv,  p. 
229-230. — Duty  on  insects  again.  (Ed.),  xxxv,  p.  256. — Re- 
view :  fitudes  de  Lepidopterologie  Comparee  par  Charles  Ober- 
thur.  Fasc.  xxii,  part  I.  Ent.  News,  xxxv,  p.  262. — On  the 
male  genitalia  of  the  Hesperidae  of  North  America.  Paper  v. 
(with  R.  C.  Williams).  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  1,  p.  141-156,  ill. 
—On  the  male  genitalia  of  the  Hesperidae  of  North  America. 
Paper  vi.  (with  R.  C.  Williams).  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  1,  p. 
177-208.— Charles  Oberthur.  (Obituary  and  Ed.),  xxxv,  p. 
267-269. — Review :  Manual  of  tree  and  shrub  insects.  By  E. 
P.  Felt,  xxxv,  p.  342. 

1925.  Third  international  congress  of  entomology,     xxxvi, 
p.  57. — Coleman  T.  Robinson.     (Ed.),    xxxvi,  p.  309,  ill. 

1926.  Enodia  portlandia,  andro,  madia  and  crcola.     xxxvii, 
p.  42-43. — Review:  Manual  of  injurious  insects.     By  G.  W. 
Herrick.      xxxvii,    p.    62. 

Editorials — Those  with  titles  are  listed  above  chronologically : 
Ent.  News,  ii,  p.  119;  iii,  p.  93,  152-153,  205 ;  iv,  p.  8,  46,  86-87, 
122,  195,  228,  296,  322;  v,  p.  14,  42-43,  219;  vi,  p.  17,  82,  116- 
117,  224,  291,  vii,  p.  9,  45,  136,  176,  203,  268,  306 ;  viii,  p.  10,  36, 
55-56,  100,  133,  220;  ix,  p.  25-26,  118,  199,  254;  x,  p  13  41 
67,  101,  176-177,  246,  264,  290;  xi,  p.  335,  369,  402,  473-474, 
504,  536,  571,  602-603,  633;  xii,  p.  20,  55-56,  84,  119,  148 
180,  210,  284;  xiii,  p.  16-17,  54-55,  88,  117,  157,  189,  215,  259- 
260,  292,  322-333;  xiv,  p.  27,  88,  127,  158,  207,  240,  274,  303, 
334;  xv,  p.  36,  75-76,  103,  137,  170,  254,  283,  305.  343;  xvi 
p.  21.  54-55,  87,  120,  199,  239,  273,  309,  332;  xvii.  p.  29,  68, 
100,  140,  180,  221,  261,  346,  398;  xviii,  p.  25,  59,  106,  160,  213, 
254,  317,  364,  399,  449;  xix,  p.  34,  78,  140,  181,  233,  290,  338, 
384,  436,  492;  xx,  p.  42,  90,  136,  178,  235,  286,  326,  362,  395- 
396,  435-436;  xxi.  p.  42,  132,  182-183,  230-231,  278-279,  326, 
419;  xxiii,  p.  39. 

.Minutes  of  The  American  Entomological  Society:  Ent. 
Xc-ws,  ix,  p.  79,  101-102,  157,  184,  262;  x,  p.  51-52/108-110, 
219,  302-303;  xi,  p.  380,  483,  514-515,  610-611  ;  xii,  p.  28-29 
63.  127-128.  191-192,  325-327:  xiii,  p.  62,  128,  196-197,  230- 
231,  331-332;  xiv.  p.  64,  131-133,  211-212,  275-276,  338-339; 
xv,  p.  78-79,  139-140,  347;  xvi,  p.  27-28,  62-63,  206,  341-342; 
xvii,  p.  101-102,  103,  184-185,  229;  xviii.  p.  31-32,  266-2f,8. 
454-456;  xix,  p.  497;  xx,  p.  237-240,  440-441,  497:  xxi,  p. 
333,  428;  xxii,  p.  138,  335-336.  479-480;  xxiii.  p.  191-192, 
382-384,  482-484:  xxiv,  p.  189-191,  430-432;  xxv.  p.  188-191, 
427-429;  xxvi,  p.  143,  238-239,  335;  xxvii,  p.  44-45.  187. 

Minutes  of  the  Entomological   Section  of  the  Academy  of 


246 


ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS 


[Oct.,  '26 


Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia :  Ent.  News,  i,  p.  48,  63-64, 
79-80,  115,  150;  ii,  p.  18-20,  60,  80,  126-127,  146-147,  187- 
188;  iii,  p.  22-23,  72,  103,  128,  164,  239-240;  iv.  p.  21-22,  98, 
133,  163,  208,  241-242,  308-309,  336-337;  v,  p.  24,  85-86,  154, 
193-194,  233-234,  292;  vi,  p.  94,  166,  197-198,  302-303,  331; 
vii,  p.  58-59,  148-150,  283-284;  viii,  p.  206-207,  230-231,  254- 
255;  ix,  p.  31,  54-55,  126-127,  183-184,  231 ;  x,  p.  20-21,  79-80, 
155-156,  273-274;  xii,  p.  346-347,  380,  482,  608,  609;  xii,  p. 
29-30,  63,  95-96,  160,  221-222,  293-294;  xiii,  p.  26-27,  62,  96, 
168,  332-333;  xiv,  p.  62-64,  130-131,  164,  308;  xv,  p.  48,  108- 
109,  174-175,  287-288,  316-317;  xvi,  p.  23-24,  55-57,  311-312; 
xvii,  p.  103-104,  182,  183-184;  xviii,  p.  28-31,  265-266,  456- 
457;  xix,  p.  440-444;  xx,  p.  183-186,  443-444;  xxi,  p.  334-337; 
xxii,  p.  46,  138-139,  237-239,  379-381 ;  xxiii,  p.  138-141,  384- 
385;  xxiv,  p.  142-143,  286-288,  477-480;  xxv,  p.  141-143,  477- 
480;  xxvi,  p.  143-144,  334,  431-432. 

Reports  of  the  Entomological  Section  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia :  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1890,  p.  483-484;  1891,  p.  499-500;  1892.  p.  497;  1893,  p. 
565-566;  1894.  p.  474-475;  1895,  p.  577-578;  1896,  p.  582-583; 
1897,  p.  547-548;  1898,  p.  514-515;  1899,  p.  544;  1900,  p.  772- 
773;  1901,  liii,  p.  771-772;  1902,  liv,  p.  807;  1903,  Iv,  p.  814- 
815;  1904,  Ivi,  p.  850;  1905,  Ivii,  p.  926-927;  1906,  Iviii.  p. 
589-590;  1907,  lix,  p.  574-575;  1908,  Ix,  p.  637-638;  1909,  Ixi, 
p.  581-582;  1910,  Ixii,  p.  684-685;  1911,  Ixiii,  p.  600-601 ;  1912, 
Ixiv,  560-562;  1913,  Ixv,  p.  704-705;  1914,  Ixvi,  p.  665;  1915, 

Ixvii,  p.  588. 

•    — 

List  of  New  Genera  and  Species  Described  by 
Henry  Skinner. 

Compiled  by  E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

COLEOPTERA. 

Cantharidae.  Epicanta  abadona,  Ent.  News, 

Cantharis  pilsbryi,  Ent.  News,  xv,  p.  217. 

xvii,  p.  217.  Epicauta  alastor,  Ent.   News, 

Cleridae.  xv,  p.  217. 

Cleris  biniaculatus.  Ent.  News,  Tegrodera  aloga,  Ent.  News, 

xvi,  p.  291.  xiv,  p.  168. 

Cymatodera      tricolor.      Ent.  Buprestidae. 

News,  xvi,  p.  292.  Acmacodcra  bicdcrmani,  Ent. 

Meloidae.  News,  xiv,  p.  239. 

Calopasta  zvenzeli,  Ent.  News,  Tyndaris  barberi,  Ent.  News, 

xv,  p.  217.  xiv,  p.  238. 


xxxvii,  '26]               ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  247 

Tyndaris    chamaclconis,    Ent.  Cerambycidae. 

News,  xiv,  p.  237.  Acanthocinus     linearis,     Ent. 

Tyndans  olneyac.  Ent.  News,  ,., 

xiv,  p.  236  News'  xvl'  P-  290' 

Tyndaris  prosopia,  Ent.  News,  Lypsimena  tignna,  Ent.  News, 

xiv,  p.  237.  xvi,  p.  291. 

Scarabaeidae.  Oncideres  qucrcus,  Ent.  News, 

Plusiotus  bcycri,  Ent.    News,  xyj         291 
xvi,  p.  289. 

HYMENOPTERA. 

Ichneumonidae. 
Mctopius  harbecki,  Ent.  News,  xvii,  p.  150. 

LEPIDOPTERA. 

Papilionidae.  Argynnis  apacheana  nom.  n., 

Parnassius    immaculate,    Ent  Ent.  News,  xxix,  p.  67. 

News,  xxii,  p.   108.  Argynnis      californica,      Ent. 

Papilio  astcrias  alunata  Skin-  News,  xxviii,  p.  328. 

ner    &    Aaron,    Can.    Ent.,  Argynnis  laurenti,  Ent.  News, 

xxi,  p.  127.  xxiv,  p.  450. 

Papilio  philcnor  hirsuta,  Ent.  Argynnis   platina,   Can.    Ent., 

News,  xix,  p.  149.  xxix,  p.  154. 

Papilio  polyxcnes  curvifascia,  Argynnis  sak  unt  ala,  Ent. 

Ent.  News,  xii,  p.  183.  "News,  xxii,  p.  108. 

Papilio  rutulus  arcticns,  Ent.  Argynnis  snyderi,   Can.   Ent., 

News,  xvii,  p.  379.  xxix,  p.  154. 

Pieridae.  Argynnis  Utah  en  sis,   Ent. 

Anthocharis   gcnutia    flavida,  News,  xxx,  p.  216. 

Ent.  News,  xviii,  p.  438.  Catagramma    oberthuri,    Ent. 

Colias  hccla  pallida  Skinner  &  News,  xxvii,  p.  307. 

Mangel,    Proc.    Acad.    Nat.  Ercsia   tc.vana  scminole,   Ent. 

Sci.  Phila.,  1892,  p.  156.  News,  xxii,  p.  412. 

Picris  rapac  immaculata,  Can.  Lcmonias  paliucri  marginalis, 

Ent.,  xxi,  p.   128.  Ent.  News,  xxxi,  p.  175. 

Tachyris    ilaire    newnoegenii,  Melitaca    arida,    Ent.    News, 

Ent.  News,  v,  p.  110.  xxviii.  p.  328. 

Satyridae.  Melitaea    d am  o  etas,    Ent. 

Chionobas  alberta  oslari,  Ent.  News,  xiii.  p.  304. 

News,  xxii,  p.  220.  Melitaca  glacialis,  Ent.  News, 

Debis  creola,  Ent.  News,  viii,  xxxii,  p.  89. 

p.  236.  Melitaca     maria,     Can.    Ent., 

Ercbia  epipsodca  sinc-occllata,  xxxi,  p.    12. 

Can.  Ent.,  xxi,  p.  239.  Melitaca     ncwnoegeni,      Ent. 

Nymphalidae.  News,  vi,  p.  113. 

Anartia  dominica,  Trans.  Am.  I'liyciodcs  barncsi.  Can.  Ent., 

Ent.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  86.  xxix,  p.   155. 


248 


ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS 


[Oct.,  '26 


Libytheidae. 

Mesosemia      ramsdcni,      Ent. 
News,  xxiii,  p.  126. 

Lycaenidae. 
Lycaena  chlorina,  Ent.  News, 

xiii,  p.   15. 

Lycaena   lygdamus    Columbia, 
Ent.  News,  xxviii,  p.  213. 
Lycaena  ncurona,  Ent.  News, 

xiii,   p.    15. 
Thecla    d  a  m  o  n     discoidalis, 

Can.  Ent.,  xxix,  p.  156. 
Thecla  johnsoni,   Ent.   News, 

xv,  p.  298. 
Thecla  loki,  Ent.  News,  xviii, 

p.  378. 
Thecla  sarita,  Ent.  News,  vi, 

p.  112. 

Hesperiidae. 
Aegiale  streckeri,   Can.    Ent., 

xxvii,   p.    179. 
Amblyscirtes  celia,  Ent.  News, 

vi,  p.  113. 
Bungalotis  canalis,  Ent.  News, 

xxxi,  p.  134. 
Bungalotis    immacndata,    Ent. 

News,  xxxi,  p.  133. 
Callimormus  dimidiatus,  Ent. 

News,  xxxi,  p.  134. 
Choranthus    haitcnsis,    Ent. 

News,  xxxi,  p.  187. 
Copacodcs      chromis,      Ent. 

News,  xxx,  p.  100. 
Cyclogypha  gundlachi  Skinner 

&    Ramsden,    Proc.    Acad. 

Nat.  Sci.  Phila,  Ixxv,  p.  314. 
Ephyriades     cubensis,     Ent. 

News,  xxiv,  p.  72. 
Eudamus  acmilea,  Ent.  News, 

iv,  p.  64. 
Eudamus   coyote,    Can.    Ent., 

xxiv,  p.  164. 
Eudamus  outis,  Ent.  News,  v, 

p.  332. 
Eudamus  panms,  Ent.  News, 

xxxi,  p.  134. 


Eudamus  protillus  rautcrbcrgi, 

Ent.  News,  vi,  p.  113. 
Lerodca  neamatlila  Skinner  & 

Williams,  Trans.  Am.  Ent. 

Soc.,  Ixix,  p.  145. 
Mcgathymus  neumoegeni  ste- 

phensi,  Ent.  News,  xxiii,  p. 

126. 
Megathymus    polingi,    Ent. 

News,  xvi,  p.  232. 
Mcgathymus    yuccae    navajo, 

Ent.  News,  xxii,  p.  300. 
Alimoniadcs    acmulus,    Ent. 

News,  xxxi,  p.  132. 
Mimoniadcs      amans,      Ent. 

News,  xxxi,  p.  132. 
Myscelia  streckeri,  Trans.  Am. 

Ent.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  87. 
Pamphila  aaroni,  Ent.  News, 

i,  p.  6. 
Pamphila  alcina,   Ent.    News, 

iv,  p.  212. 
Pamphila  Carolina,  Ent.  News, 

iii,  p.  222. 
Pamphila  errans,  Ent.   News, 

iii,  p.  174. 
Pamphila  hoivardi,  Can.  Ent., 

xxviii,  p.  187. 
Pamphila  mystic  pallida,  Ent. 

News,  xxii,  p.  412. 
Pamphila   oslari,   Ent.    News, 

x,  p.  112. 
Pamphila  panoquinoidcs,  Ent. 

News,  ii,  p.  175. 
Pamphila     pawnee     montana, 

Ent.  News,  xxii,  413. 
Pamphila  quinquemacula,  Ent. 

News,  xxii,  p.  413. 
Pamphila     sassacus     dacotae, 

Ent.  News,  xxii,  p.  412. 
Pamphila  scitddcri,  Ent.  News, 

x,  p.  111. 
Pamphila  stigma,    Can.    Ent., 

xxviii,  p.  188. 
Pamphila   s  t  r  c  c  k  e  r  i,   Ent. 

News,  iv,  p.  21 1. 


xxxvii,   '2(>| 


K.\T()M()I.O<;IC.\1.      NF.\VS 


249 


Pamphila  sylvanoidcs  utahcn- 

sis,  Ent.  News,  xxii,  p.  413. 
Pamphila  vierecki,  Ent.  News, 

xiii,  p.  213. 
Pamphila    ychl.,  Ent.     News, 

iv,  p.  212. 
Pseud osarbia    fl  a  v  o  fasciata, 

Ent.  News,  xxxii,  p.  236. 
Protcides   jamaiccnsis,    Ent. 

News,  xxxi,  p.  133. 
Pyrrhocallcs  antiqua   oricntis, 

Ent.  News,  xxxi,  p.  152. 
Pyrrhopygc    sangaris,    Ent. 

News,  xxxii,  p.  236. 
Pyrrhopygc    mridita\s,    Ent. 

News,  xxxi,  p.  132. 
P  y  r  g  u  s    occidentalis,    Ent. 

News,  xvii,  p.  96. 
Tclegonns     antiguus,     Ent. 

News,  xxxxi,  p.  133. 
T/ianaos  burgessi,  Trans.  Am. 

Ent.  Soc.,  xl,  p.  203. 
Tlianaos  scuddcri,  Trans.  Am. 

Ent.  Soc.,  xl,  p.  215. 
Thymelc  angustiis,  Ent.  News, 

xxxi,  p.  133. 

Sphingidae. 
Kloneus  babayaga  n.  gen.  &  n. 

sp.,    Ent.    News,    xxxiv,   p. 

138. 
Sphinx    luscitiosa    una,    Ent. 

News,  xiv,  p.  168. 

Syntomidae. 
Cosnwsoma    rubrigutta,    Ent. 

News,  xvii,  p.  96. 


Syntomeida    b  c  f  a  n  a  ,    Ent. 

News,  xvii,  p.  379. 

Arctiidae. 
Rnscino     arida,     Ent.     News, 

xvii,  p.  95. 

Uraniidae. 
Nyctalemon     curvata,      Proc. 

Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila..  1903, 

p.  298. 

Noctuidae. 

Anarta  bcsla  Skinner  &  Men- 
gel,   Proc.   Acad.   Nat.   Sci. 

Phila.,  1892,  p.  158. 
Autographa    olivacca,    Ent. 

News,  xxviii,  p.  329. 
Erythroecia     hcbardi,     Ent. 

News,  xxviii,  p.  329. 
Rhcscipha  snowi,  Ent.  News, 

xvii,  p.  95. 

Notodontidae. 
C  r  i  n  o  d  c  s  biedervnani,  Ent. 

News,  xvi,  p.  209. 

Geometridae. 
Glaucopte'ryx  i  m  in  a  c  u  I  a  t  a 

Skinner    &    Mengel,    Proc. 

Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1892, 

I).  159. 
Psycho phora    fasciata.     En  t  . 

News,  xiii,  p.  141. 

Aegeriidae. 
.•I  I  buna    beutenmulleri,    Ent. 

News,  xiv,  p.  126. 


Miscellaneous   Observations   on   a   Cranberry   Scale 
Targionia  dearnessi  (Ckll.)  (Homop.  :  Coccidae).1 

By  DONALD  S.  LACROIX. 

During  the  fall  of  1924  the  writer  found  a  peculiar  scale 
insect  on  the  cranberry  in  the  town  of  Sandwich,  Massachusetts. 
The  insect  at  once  became  of  interest  because  of  its  apparently 

1  Contribution  from  the  Entomological  Laboratory  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Amherst,  Mass. 


250  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

solitary  mode  of  existence,  an  unusual  trait  among  the  Coccidae. 
The  full-grown  females  could  be  found  scattered  here  and  there 
over  the  bog,  only  one  scale  to  an  upright,  though  in  rare  cases 
two  scales  were  found  on  the  same  stem.  Further  investigations 
indicated  that  the  insect  occurred  on  many  widely  separated 
cranberry  bogs  and  under  a  variety  of  conditions.  It  appeared 
to  be  fully  as  abundant  on  bogs  subjected  to  regular  flowages 
as  on  dry  bogs.  It  infested  the  Early  Black,  Howe  and  Chip- 
man  varieties  with  no  apparent  preference  for  any  one  of  the 
three  kinds.  No  injury  of  any  importance  could  be  traced  to 
the  activities  of  the  scale.  A  similar  insect  was  found  on  bear- 
berry  (Arctostaphylos  uva-ursi)  around  the  edges  of  cranberry 
bogs. 

Specimens  from  both  food  plants  were  identified  by  Dr. 
Harold  Morrison,  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  as  Targionia 
dcarncssi  (Ckll.) 

This  species  occurs  throughout  the  United  States  from  Wis- 
consin to  Florida,  west  to  California,  and  north  into  Canada. 

Food  plants  listed  are  bearberry,  cranberry,  summer  fare- 
well (Kuhnistera  pinna ta)  and  "several  unknown  weeds." 

DESCRIPTION. 

Scale  of  adult  female  sub-oval,  2  mm.  long;  moderately  con- 
vex ;  color  dirty  white  to  pale  gray;  exuviae  subcentral,  yellow  ; 
ventral  scale  thick. 

Scale  of  adult  male  elongate,  parallel-sided,  1  mm.  long  and 
0.5  mm.  wide;  color  white;  exuvia  at  one  end,  color  yellow; 
covered  with  a  white  secretion. 

Adult  female—  :"Dark  yellowish-brown,  after  prolonged  boil- 
ing in  KHO  becoming  transparent  and  almost  colorless, 
except  that  the  lobes  remain  dark  brown.  No  circumgenital 
grouped  glands.  Only  one  pair  of  lobes,  these  short,  parallel, 
very  close  together,  practically  contiguous  at  the  tips,  their  ends 
broad  and  obliquely  truncate,  breadth  of  a  lobe  greater  than  its 
length  beyond  the  general  margin.  Apparently  no  squames. 
Margin  irregularly  bluntly  serrulate;  a  small  projection  near 
the  lobes,  and  two  much  larger  ones  at  considerable  distances 
beyond,  much  in  the  style  of  A.  bigeloviae.  Anal  orifice  oval, 
a  considerable  distance  from  the  hind  end.  Surface  striated, 
with  rows  of  small  round  dorsal  glands,  much  in  the  manner  of 
A.  bigeloviae.  Mouthparts  large."1 

2Cockerell,  Can.  Ent,  XXX,  266-267,  1898.    A.  bigeloviae  refers  to 

Aspidiotus  bigeloviae,  the  genus  in  which  dearncss>i  was  originally  placed. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL      \K\VS  J51 

Adult  male — 0.5  mm.  long;  reddish  brown  in  color;  legs  light 
yellow,  with  sparse  hairs ;  tarsi  terminated  with  single,  slightly 
curved  sharp  claw ;  wings  hyaline ;  antennae  8-segmented,  each 
segment  with  numerous  hairs;  stylus  one-half  the  length  of 
body,  ending  in  a  sharp  pointed  elongation. 

LIFE  HISTORY. 

Adult  females  live  over  winter  beneath  the  scale  covering. 
Eggs  become  evident  within  the  body  of  the  female  late  in  the 
spring  and  were  found  in  one  female  in  the  laboratory  in  early 
winter,  December  24,  1924. 

The  first  crawling  young  hatched  June  16,  1925,  and  three 
days  later  most  of  the  young  which  hatched  on  that  date  had 
settled  down  on  the  fresh  growth  of  cranberry  and  had  started 
to  secrete  a  covering.  The  first  stages  of  this  secretion  resemble 
filaments  of  absorbent  cotton,  but  finally  become  matted  together 
and  the  outlines  of  the  individual  strands  are  lost. 

The  tendency  of  the  crawling  young  is  to  settle  down  at  the 
base  of  a  leaf  stem  or  a  bract,  and  in  the  majority  of  cases  on 
new  growth.  Some  settled  on  old  wood.  The  young  also  exhibit 
a  "wanderlust"  and  move  away  from  the  upright  bearing  the 
parent  to  search  for  new  uprights  where  the  females  live  the 
rest  of  their  lives.  Only  occasionally  did  the  writer  find  more 
than  one  female  on  an  upright.  The  males,  on  the  other  hand, 
tend  to  colonize,  and  anywhere  from  one  to  ten  may  be  found 
to  an  upright. 

On  July  13,  1925,  the  first  second  stage  female  was  found. 

On  August  5,  1925,  the  first  male  pupa  was  found  beneath 
its  scale  covering,  and  males  were  emerging  August  20-24,  1925. 
By  September  1,  1925,  practically  all  the  females  were  full 
grown.  Judging  from  these  observations,  it  would  seem  that 
the  length  of  life  of  the  female  from  hatching  to  the  attainment 
of  full  growth  is  about  seventy-five  days. 

The  stem  of  the  cranberry  becomes  somewhat  swollen  where 
the  female  is  attached  to  the  upright.  This  swelling  is  first 
noticeable  about  six  weeks  after  the  female  has  started  feeding. 

PARASITES. 

This  scale  is  subject  to  parasitism  to  a  considerable  extent. 
Possibly  one-third  of  the  scales  found  on  a  bog  in  the  fall  will 
show  exit-holes  of  parasites.  Two  species  of  1  lymenoptera 
were  reared  from  the  scale  and  were  determined  by  Mr.  A.  I'.. 
Clahan,  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology,  as  Coccidencyrtus  ensifer 
(How.),  and  Sii^ni^liora  sp.  probably  new. 


252  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

Notes  on  Some  Alberta  Bombidae  (Hymen.). 

By  FERRIS  NEAVE, 
Department  of  Zoology,  University  of  Manitoba. 

The  following  notes  are  based  on  specimens  of  Bombidae 
collected  in  Jasper  National  Park,  Alberta,  during  the  summer 
of  1925,  together  with  a  few  records  gathered  during  a  stop- 
off  at  Edmonton.  The  species  found  are  not  the  result  of  an 
exhaustive  search,  but  were  picked  up  from  time  to  time  during 
the  course  of  other  work.  Nevertheless,  the  number  of  species 
which  were  obtained  in  this  way,  together  with  the  fact  that  the 
altitudes  of  the  various  localities  were  carefully  noted,  seems  to 
justify  a  brief  record  of  the  forms  which  were  encountered. 

I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin  for  the  determination  of 
several  of  the  species  here  listed. 

The  country  at  Edmonton  is  Transitional  in  character  and 
several  species  were  obtained  here  which  are  probably  absent 
from  the  mountains. 

The  Jasper  records  are  all  from  the  Canadian  Zone  or  higher. 
At  the  localities  where  Bombidae  were  collected,  the  Hudsonian 
Zone  begins  roughly  at  4,500  feet  and  the  timber-line  runs  at 
about  6,500  feet. 

B.ombus  occidcntalis  Greene.    Jasper,  up  to  3,800  feet. 

B.  tcrricola  Kirby.    Edmonton1 ;  Jasper,  up  to  3,600  feet. 

B.  borealis  Kirby.    Edmonton. 

B.  kirbycllus  Curt.    Jacques  Lake,  4,700  feet. 

B.  strenuns  Cress.  Mt.  Edith  Cavell,  6,700  feet.  A  northern 
form,  previous  recorded  from  Alaska  and  Hudson  Bay  Country 
(Franklin,  Bombidae  of  the  New  World,  p.  298.') 

B.  tcrnariits  Say.    Edmonton,  common. 

B.  liuntii  Greene.    Edmonton. 

B.  bifarins  Cress.   Jasper,  up  to  3,700  feet. 

B.  melanopygus  Nyl.  Jasper  ;  Jacques  Lake  ;  Maligne  Lake  ; 
Mt.  Edith  Cavell.  Altitudes,  3,800-6,700  feet.  Apparently  the 
commonest  species  in  the  Hudsonian  Zone,  from  which  it  ex- 
tends into  the  Canadian  on  the  one  hand  and  the  Arctic  Alpine 
on  the  other. 

1  The  altitude  of  Edmonton  is  approximately  2,100  feet.  The  lowest 
level  visited  at  Jasper  was  3,400  feet. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL      NEWS 

B.  sylvicola  Kirby.  Medicine  Lake  ;  Maligne  Lake  ;  Mt.  Edith 
Cavell.  Altitudes,  4,600-7,000  feet. 

B.  vagans  Smith.  Edmonton  ;  Jacques  ;  Medicine  Lake  ;  Jas- 
per, up  to  4,500  feet. 

B.  ccntralis  Cress.  Medicine  Lake;  Jacques  Lake;  Mt.  Edith 
Cavell.  All  the  specimens  obtained  were  from  the  Hudson- 
ian,  4,600-5,600  feet. 

B.  mi.vtus  Cress.  Medicine  Lake  ;  Twin  Lakes  ;  Jacques  Lake  ; 
Maligne  Lake  ;  Mt.  Edith  Cavell.  Hudsonian,  extending-  into 
the  Arctic  Alpine,  4,600-6,700  feet.  Some  of  the  males  were  so 
dark  as  to  be  colored  like  B.  I'agans,  with  which  they  sometimes 
occurred. 

B.  calif  ornicus  Smith.    Jasper,  1  female,  3,800  feet. 

Psith\rus  insiilaris  Smith.  Edmonton  ;  Jasper  ;  Jacques  Lake  ; 
Maligne  Lake.  Up  to  5,500  feet. 

P.  ashtoni  Cress.  Jasper,  2  males,  3,500  feet  and  3,800  feet. 
Regina  is  the  most  westerly  record  given  for  this  species  by 
Franklin. 

P.  sucklc\n  Greene.   Edmonton. 

P.  fcrnaldac  Franklin.  Mt.  Edith  Cavell,  5,900  feet.  Speci- 
mens of  P.  tricolor  Franklin,  which  is  probably  the  male  of  this 
species,  were  taken  in  company  with  the  above  female  and  also 
at  Medicine  Lake  and  Maligne  Lake  at  altitudes  ranging  from 
4,600  feet  to  6,700  feet. 

While  further  collecting  would  doubtless  extend  the  vertical 
range  of  these  species,  the  evidence  obtained  is  probably  suffi- 
cient to  show  roughly  the  zones  commonly  occupied  in  the 
localities  in  question.  As  is  to  be  expected,  the  vertical  dis- 
tribution of  most  of  the  forms  corresponds  in  a  general  way 
with  the  regional  distribution  so  far  as  it  is  known.  B.  tcrncola, 
borcalis,  ternarius  and  varans  are,  speaking  comparatively, 
southern  and  eastern  forms,  while  B.  occidcntalis,  Jntntii  and 
calif  ornicus  may  be  similarly  regarded  as  southern  and  western. 
The  territories  of  several  of  these  species  overlap  at  Edmonton, 
but  none  of  them  except  vagans  was  found  at  any  considerable 
altitude  at  Jasper.  On  the  other  hand,  uiclano^y^ns,  ini.rtits, 
kirl>\'clfus,  svlricola  and  strcnitns  are  typically  northern  forms, 
and  the  data  given  above  indicate  that  in  the  latitude  of  Jasper 
they  are  most  plentiful  above  the  Canadian  Zone.  B.  strcintiis 
in  particular  is  probably  confined  to  the  upper  slopes,  l-rom 


254  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

the  data  obtained,  B.  vagans,  B.  mclanopygiis  and  P.  insnlaris 
would  seem  to  have  the  greatest  depth  of  range. 

Rearranged  on  the  basis  of  their  vertical  distribution,  the 
species  listed  appear  to  fall  into  five  groups,  the  members  of 
each  group  being  co-extensive  in  the  localities  given,  as  follows  : 

I.  B.  borcalls,  B.  tcrnarins,  B.  huntii,  P.  suckleyi.  II.  B.  occi- 
d cut alis,  B.  tcrricola,  B  bifarius,  B.  californicus,  P.  ashtom. 
III.  B.  vagans,  P.  insnlaris.  IV.  B.  kirbycllus,  B.  mclanopygus, 
B.  sylvicola,  B.  cent  rails,  B.  mi.vtns,  P.  fcrnaldac.  V.  B.  stren- 
uus. 


Notes  on  Tree  and  Shrub  Insects  in  Southeastern 

Pennsylvania. 

By  A.  B.  WELLS,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry, 
Bryn  Athyn,  Pennsylvania. 

The  juniper  webworm;  Dlchomeris  inarginellus  Fab.,  is  com- 
mon on  Irish  and  Swedish  junipers  in  southeastern  Pennsyl- 
vania. A  few  moths,  many  pupae  and  a  few  caterpillars  were 
observed  June  3,  1925.  Moths  and  pupae  were  observed  June 
29,  1925,  and  moths  and  parasites  were  observed  July  7,  1924. 
Pupae  were  observed  May  18,  1925,  by  Mr.  Floyd  Smith.  Small 
larvae  in  hibernating  webs  have  been  observed  during  Septem- 
ber, October,  November,  December  and  January.  Dusting  and 
spraying  with  arsenates  in  April  gave  a  slow  but  finally  fairly 
complete  killing  of  the  larvae. 

Moths  of  the  arborvitae  leaf  miner,  Argyrcsthia  tliniclla 
Packard,  were  observed  flying  from  the  first  of  June  to  the 
15th  of  July  though  very  few  were  seen  after  the  middle  of 
June.  Caterpillars  in  mines  were  observed  this  fall. 

Moths  of  the  common  bagworm,  Thyridopteryx  cphemerae- 
formls  Haw.,  were  observed  September  8,  1925. 

Moths  of  the  white  pine  tube  builder,  Eulla  pinatnbana 
Kearf.,  were  observed  April  15  and  July  15,  1925,  there  being- 
two  broods,  the  caterpillars  of  the  second  brood  hibernating  in 
the  tubes  made  of  webbed  needles. 

Moths  of  the  larch  case  bearer,  Coleophora  laricella  Ilubner, 
were  observed  May  21,  1925. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  255 

Caterpillars  were  collected  July  8,  webbing  the  terminal  leaves 
of  larch  twigs  together  and  feeding  on  them.  Moths  emerged 
August  5,  1925,  but  were  destroyed  by  dermestids  before  they 
could  be  identified.  They  were  probably  of  the  genus  h'ccnr- 
varia,  two  species  of  which  have  been  recorded  as  feeding  on 
larch. 

Moths  of  the  lilac  borer,  Podoscsia  syringac  Harris,  were 
observed  flying  the  first  week  in  June. 

Aloths  of  the  Rhododendron  clearwing,  Acgcria  rhododcndri 
Beutni.,  were  observed  from  June  9  to  June  18,  1925. 

Moths  of  the  peach  borer,  Acgeria  c.ritiosa  Say,  were  ob- 
served July  27,  July  30  and  August  3,  1925. 

Dried  up  unopened  peony  buds  were  observed  late  in  August 
and  it  was  noticed  that  they  were  infested  with  small  dark  cater- 
pillars. These  were  reared  and  found  to  be  larvae  of  Moodna 
ostrinella  Clemens.  The  moths  emerged  September  5th  and 
later  and  some  of  the  caterpillars  had  not  yet  pupated  in  Janu- 
ary, 1926.  This  peony  budworm  seems  to  be  widely  distributed 
around  Philadelphia. 

Junipers  of  the  prostrate  variety  of  the  species  coiiinmnis 
have  usually  been  found  infested  with  a  distorting  mite,  Erio- 
plrves  qnadrisctiis  juniperinns  Nalepa,  which  causes  a  waiting 
of  the  needles  and  often  kills  twigs. 

The  roots  of  recently  killed  pines  and  spruces  have  been 
found  infested  with  the  grubs  of  the  white  pine  weevil,  Pissodcs 
strobi  Peck,  and  of  Pales  weevil,  Hylobins  pales  l>oh.  There 
is  no  external  evidence  of  the  presence  of  the  grubs  in  the  bark 
and  sapwood  of  the  roots  except  the  death  of  the  plants.  The 
gnawing  of  the  bark  of  the  branches  by  the  adult  weevils  is 
very  noticeable.  Adults  have  been  beaten  from  infested  trees 
in  April,  May,  July  and  September. 

Adults  of  the  European  sawfly,  Acantholyda  erythrocephala 
Linn.,  were  beaten  from  Pine  and  Cornu-s  at  Chestnut  Hill  in 
May.  This  insect  has  not  been  recorded  from  the  United  States 
before. 

Adults  of  the  European  birch  sawfly  leaf  miner,  I:cinisa 
pitinila  Klug,  were  observed  August  4th  and  a  new  generation 


256  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

of  adults  appeared,   from  leaves  collected  August  7th,  on  the 
5th  of  September. 

Adults  of  the  Crataegus  sawfly  leaf  miner  were  observed 
swarming,  mating  and  laying  eggs  on  the  4th  of  May  and  full 
grown  larvae  were  beginning  to  drop  from  the  leaves  June  1, 
1925.  This  sawfly  was  Prof  en  nsa  collaris  MacGill. 

A  gall-forming  maple  borer  was  observed  emerging  on  July 
3.  1925.  These  borers,  Xylotrcchns  aceris  Fisher,  were  found 
in  125  trees  of  221  red  maples  in  one  nursery. 

An  oak  borer,  Arhopahts  fulminans  Fab.,  was  found  killing 
large  black  oak  trees  in  a  woods  near  Paoli.  An  adult  was 
captured  July  23,  1925. 

The  linden  borer,  Saperda  vestita  Say,  was  observed  emerg- 
ing the  1st  of  May  and  later. 

An  adult  long-horn,  Cyrtophorus  vcrrucosus  Oliv.,  was  taken 
on  linden  April  22,  1925. 

Corniis  gall-midges,  Cecidomyia  spp.,  were  observed  May  11. 
1925. 

The  rose  stem  girdler.  Agrilns  viridis  var.  fagi  Ratz.,  was 
observed  June  2,  1924  and  an  unemerged  adult  was  cut  from  a 
rose  stem  April  13,  1925. 

The  round  headed  apple  tree  borer,  Saperda  Candida  Fab.,  was 
observed  on  Crataegus  leaves  May  28,  1925. 

Bark  borers,  Ips  and  Toinicus  spp.,  were  destructive  to  pines 
during  the  summer  drought. 

Adults  of  the  mottled  willow  borer,  Cryptorhynchus  lapathi 
Linn.,  were  observed  July  24  and  28,  1925,  and  September  5 
and  October  16,  1924. 

The  dogwood  sawfly,  Macremphytus  vcrsicolor  Norton,  was 
abundant  in  1925.  The  partly  rotten  base  of  a  flowering  dog- 
wood was  observed  honeycombed  by  the  larvae  of  this  sawfly 
after  their  last  molt  seeking  a  place  to  pupate  the  last  week  in 
August.  Red-twigged  and  other  dogwoods  were  partially  de- 
foliated in  July  and  August. 

Adults  of  the  box  psylla,  Psylla  bn.ri,  were  observed  in 
June,  August  and  September,  1925. 

Adults  of  the  box  leaf  miner,  Monarthropalpus  bn.vi  Labou. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  257 

were  observed  from  May  7  till  June  1,  1925  and  the  first  week 
in  June,  1924. 

Oystershell  scale  crawlers  were  observed  May  28,  June  1 1 
and  26,  and  August  13  and  27,  1924,  and  May  6  and  IS,  June  2, 
July  20,  24,  27  and  28,  and  August  3  and  12,  1925. 

Pine  needle  scale  crawlers  were  observed  May  26  and  August 
13,  1924,  and  May  18,  July  20  and  July  28,  1925. 

Scurfy  scale  crawlers  were  observed  May  18,  and  July  27 
and  29,  1925. 

Euonymus  scale  crawlers  were  observed  June  11,  19  and  26, 
and  August  27,  1924,  and  May  18  and  26,  June  2,  July  27,  and 
August  10,  1925. 

San  Jose  scale  crawlers  were  observed  June  26,  August  13, 
and  October  14,  1924,  and  June  19,  July  16,  27  and  30,  and 
August  3,  12  and  27,  1925. 

Juniper  scale  crawlers  were  observed  June  29,  1924,  and  June 
2..  10  and  23,  1925. 

Tulip  tree  scale  crawlers  were  observed  June  9,  1924,  and 
October  6,  1924. 

European  elm  scale  crawlers  were  observed  July  27,  1925. 

Galls  of  the  Sitka  spruce  gall  aphis  on  Colorado  blue  spruce 
opened  the  first  half  of  July,  1925. 

Large  larvae  and  new  cocoons  of  the  European  pine  sawfly, 
Diprion  simile  Hartig,  were  observed  June,  1925.  Over-winter- 
ing cocoons  were  collected  this  fall. 

August  26,  1925,  European  pine  shoot  moth  larvae  in  buds. 

September  9,  1925,  a  large  sour  gum,  Nyssa  syhatica,  was 
seen  about  a  mile  west  of  Oakmont,  in  Delaware  County,  the 
leaves  of  which  were  heavily  infested  with  the  larvae  of  the 
sour  gum  case  cutter  or  leaf  miner,  Antisplla  nyssacfoliclla  Cle- 
mens, and  the  larvae  had  already  begun  to  cut  out  oval  cases 
from  the  leaves.  The  larvae  of  this  moth  have  destroyed  the 
beauty  of  this  fine  tree  for  many  years  according  to  its  owner. 
Abundant  work  of  these  caterpillars  was  observed  in  the  woods 
between  Bryn  Athyn  and  Willow  Grove  this  fall.  According 
to  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt,  the  larvae  begin  linear  mines  in  July  and 
expand  them  to  blotch  mines  later. 


258  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

Adults  of  a  holly  leaf  miner,  Phytomysa  spp.,  were  beaten 
from  holly  at  Chestnut  Hill,  May  11,  1925. 

Adults  of  Elaphidion  mucronat'um  Say  were  taken  on  black 
oak  at  Berwyn,  June  26,  1925.  This  beetle  was  suspected  of 
being  partly  responsible  for  the  death  of  a  number  of  recently 
transplanted  trees  which  were  also  infested  with  flat  headed 
borers  and  fungi. 

An  adult  female  of  Purpuricenus  hmneralis  Fab.  was  taken 
on  Juglans  sieboldiana  Maxim,  near  the  Goshen  Church,  east 
of  West  Chester,  August  12,  1925. 

Thanks  are  clue  to  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt,  Prof.  H.  E.  Hodgkiss,  Mr. 
Floyd  Smith,  with  whom  some  of  these  observations  were  made 
and  who  sent  a  number  of  specimens  to  Washington  for  identi- 
fication, and  to  the  American  Entomological  Society,  the  collec- 
tions of  which  were  consulted  for  identification  of  specimens. 


Capsus  externus  Herrich-Schaeffer  is  a  Paracalocoris 
(Hemiptera,  Miridae).* 

By  HARRY  H.  KNIGHT,  Ames,  Iowa. 

No  doubt. most  workers  will  agree  that  the  recognition  of 
a  long  lost  species  of  an  early  entomologist  gives  much  more 
satisfaction  than  the  finding  of  a  new  or  unnamed  species. 
The  present  writer  finds  this  to  be  particularly  true  of  the 
species  which  forms  the  subject  of  this  paper. 

Some  time  ago  Dr.  H.  M.  Parshley  sent  me  some  inter- 
esting Miridae  collected  in  Florida  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Johnson. 
Among  these  I  have  recognized  a  species  that  I  feel  sure  must 
be  Capsus  externus  Herrich-Schaeffer,  described  in  1848 
( Wanzenartigen  Insecten,  viii,  p.  16,  fig.  791)  with  locality 
given  as  "Wohl  aus  Nordamerika."  In  1916  Mr.  W.  L.  Mc- 
Atee  published  a  revision  of  the  genus  Paracalocoris  Distant 
(Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  ix,  pp.  366-390),  with  keys  to  the  species 
and  varieties  which  has  proved  a  most  useful  contribution. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Capsus  externus  H.  S.  was  not 

*Contribution  from  the  Departmant  of  Zoology  and  Entomology, 
Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  259 

definitely  placed  at  that  time,  but  material  was  not  available 
for  study.  In  referring  to  this  species  Mr.  McAtee  states 
(p.  366)  :  "Species  that  have  been  referred  to  Paracalocoris, 
probably  erroneously,  include  two  described  by  Herrich- 
Schaeffer.  One  of  these,  Capsus  tctrasti^ina  has  been  placed 
in  Rcsthcnia  by  Stal.  The  other,  Capsus  cxtcrnus,  in  the 
writer's  opinion,  is  not  a  Paracalocoris.  It  is  true  that  the  two 
central  velvety  black  spots  on  the  thorax  mentioned  in  the 
original  description  suggest  that  the  insect  is  a  member  of 
this  genus,  but  no  Paracalocoris  has  the  first  antennal  joint 
"as  long  as  head  and  thorax  together,"  a  condition  plainly 
stated  in  the  description  and  delineated  in  the  illustration  of 
Capsus  c.i'tcrnus."  Van  Duzee's  Catalogue  of  Hemiptera 
(1917)  places  externus  H.  S.  as  a  variety  of  Paracalocoris 
scrupcns  (Say). 

The  most  distinctive  character  of  e.rternus  H.  S.  which 
impresses  one  at  first  glance,  is  the  unusually  long  first  antennal 
segment,  and  in  certain  specimens  measured  it  is  quite  as  long 
as  prothorax  and  head  taken  together  when  viewed  from  the 
normal  dorsal  aspect.  To  correctly  interpret  the  original  de- 
scription I  believe  we  must  consider  the  length  of  head  and 
thorax  as  the  distance  between  base  of  pronotum  and  front 
of  head  when  the  specimen  is  set  with  hemelytra  approximately 
horizontal  as  viewed  by  the  artist,  and  not  tilted  with  pronotal 
disk  horizontal  as  one  would  do  when  taking  the  greatest  length 
of  pronotum.  Two  specimens  of  e.rternus  H.  S.  are  at  hand 
which  agree  in  all  details  of  coloration  with  the  original  figure 
(fig.  791)  except  that  the  front  of  the  head  is  black,  leaving 
a  pair  of  orange  glabrous  spots  each  side  of  vertex  and  a 
smaller  spot  just  above  base  of  each  antenna;  in  addition  the 
anterior  half  of  the  calli  also  black.  These  specimens  are  so 
nearly  typical  that  I  feel  they  should  be  classed  as  such.  Both 
specimens  have  the  lateral  margins  of  the  scutellum  narrowly 
black  just  as  shown  in  the  original  figure,  a  de-tail  worth  not- 
ing in  recognizing  the  typical  form  of  the  species.  For  pur- 
poses of  comparison  UK-  following  description  is  offered  with 
accurate  measurements  of  critical  characters. 


260  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

Paracalocoris  externus  (Herrich-Schaeffer),  Wanzenarti- 
gen  Insecten,  viii,  p.  16,  fig.  791,  1848. 

<3.  Length  7.1  mm.,  width  3.1  mm.  Head:  width  1.23  mm., 
vertex  .57  mm.,  length  .94  mm.  Rostrum,  length  2.43  mm., 
just  attaining  posterior  margins  of  intermediate  coxae.  An- 
tennae: segment  I,  length  1.64  mm.;  II,  2.77  mm.:  Ill,  1.11 
mm. ;  IV,  .91  mm. ;  black,  segment  IV  reddish  brown  on  basal 
half.  Pronotum ;  length  1.47  mm.,  width  at  base  2.36  mm.; 
length  of  head  and  pronotum  as  viewed  from  above  when  body 
is  held  horizontal,  1.65  mm.,  which  is  practically  equal  to  length 
of  antennal  segment  I.  This  distance  is  less  than  the  actual 
greatest  length  of  pronotum  (1.47  mm.)  and  head  (.94  mm.) 
which  is  obtained  when  the  disk  of  pronotum  is  turned  up  to 
a  horizontal  position. 

?.  Length  7.2  mm.,  width  3.2  mm.  Head:  width  1.21  mm., 
vertex  .57  mm.  Antennae:  segment  I,  length  1.64  mm.;  II, 
2.57  mm. ;  HI,  1  mm. ;  IV,  broken.  Pronotum :  length  1.5  mm., 
width  at  base  2.34  mm.  Length  of  head  and  pronotum  as 
viewed  from  above  when  body  is  held  horizontal,  1.8  mm., 
which  is  only  slightly  greater  than  length  of  antennal  seg- 
ment? I. 

Plesiotypcs:  d  ?  April  18,  1919,  St.  Augustine,  Florida 
(C.  W.  Johnson)  ;  author's  collection. 

The  genital  claspers  of  externus  H.  S.  are  very  similar  to 
those  of  other  species  in  the  genus,  the  left  clasper  having  at 
upper  side  of  base  a  rounded  lobe  which  tapers  to  a  point 
posteriorly.  This  character  is  the  best  I  have  found  for 
separating  the  species  of  Paracalocoris  Dist.  from  those  of 
Calocoris  Fieber.  Externus  H.  S.  is  about  the  size  of  limbus 
McAtee  but  the  first  antennal  segment  is  longer  as  indicated ; 
the  pilosity  of  the  hind  tibiae  is  short  as  in  limbus. 

Certain  color  varieties  of  Paracalocoris  externus  H.  S.  are  at 
hand  and  all  of  them  have  the  dark  areas  deep  black  and  con- 
trasting sharply  with  the  orange  colored  hypodermal  areas. 
There  is  no  indication  of  intergrade  shades  of  color  such  as 
appear  in  varieties  of  scrupeu-s  (Say),  for  example  delta 
McAtee  and  varius  McAtee.  The  color  varieties  studied  may 
be  separated  by  the  following  key. 

Key  to  color  varieties  of  Paracalocoris  externus  H .  S. 

1.    Hemelytra  with  embolium  and  cuneus  orange  colored.  ...   2 
Hemelytra  with  embolium  and  cuneus  black 3 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  261 

2.  Scutellum  orange  colored typical  extennts  IT.  S. 

Scutellum  black solittus  n.  var. 

3.  Scutellum  with  some  orange  color 4 

Scutellum  entirely  black 5 

4.  Scutellum  orange  colored,   with  not  more   than  narrow 

lateral  margins  black ;  pronotum  with  orange  color  ex- 
tending transversely  across  hind  margins  of  calli,  in- 
cluding the  pair  of  impressed  spots,  and  reaching  upon 
the  propleura,  also  extending  posteriorly  along  median 

novellus  Blatch. 
Scutellum   with   median   line  only   orange  colored, 

scissus  n.  var. 

5.  Pronotum  transversely  marked  with  orange  nearly  as  in 

novellus    totus   n.    var. 

Pronotum  black  between  the  calli  and  along  median  line 
of  disk,  the  orange  color  reduced  to  a  small  area  each 
side  which  includes  the  impressed  spots  then  extending 
laterally  upon  the  propleura notatns  n.  var. 

Paracalocoris  externus  solutus  n.  var. 

Structurally  not  differing  from  the  typkal  externus  H.  S. 
but  with  the  scutellum  uniformly  black. 

Type:  ?  April  18,  1919,  St.  Augustine,  Florida  (C.  W. 
Johnson)  ;  author's  collection. 

Paracalocoris  externus  novellus  Blatchley. 

Paracalocoris  novellus  Blatchley,  Ent.  News,  xxxvii,  p.  163, 
1926. 

Pronotum  and  scutellum  colored  nearly  as  in  the  typical 
externus  H.  S.  but  differs  in  having  the  hemelytra  uniformly 
black. 

Records:  FLORIDA — c?  April  6,  Daytona,  ?  April  18,  1919, 
St.  Augustine  (C.  W.  Johnson).  9  Dec.  19,  1915,  9  April  19, 
1920,  Dunedin;  9  April  15.  1913,  Ormond  (W.  S.  Blatchley). 
9,  Inverness  (Robertson).  GEORGIA — cT  May  1,  1903,  Thomas- 
ville  (antennae  broken). 

Paracalocoris  externus  scissus  n.  var. 

Pronotum  colored  as  in  novellus  but  scutellum  black  with  nar- 
row median  line  orange  colored;  legs  entirely  black. 

Type:  9  April  20,  1919,  St.  Augustine,  Florida  (C.  W.  John- 
son) ;  author's  collection.  Paratype:  9  April  15,  1915,  Ormond, 
Florida  (W.  S.  Blatchley). 


262  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

Paracalocoris  externus  totus  n.  var. 

Pronotum  colored  as  in  novellus  but  the  scutellum  uniformly 
black. 

Type:  <$  April  20,  1919,  St.  Augustine,  Florida  (C.  W.  John- 
son) ;  author's  collection.  Paratypc:  ?  December  19,  1915, 
Dunedin,  Florida  (W.  S.  Blatchley). 

Paracalocoris  externus  notatus  n.  var. 

Black,  the  pronotal  disk  with  orange  color  reduced  to  a  small 
area  each  side  which  includes  the  impressed  spots  then  extends 
laterally  to  cover  dorsal  half  of  propleura ;  femora  orange 
colored  on  middle. 

Type:  3  April 20,  1919,  St.  Augustine,  Florida  (C.  W.  John- 
son) ;  author's  collection. 


The  Coleoptera  of  the  Sandhill  Region  of  Medora, 
Reno  County,  Kansas. 

By  WARREN  KNAUS,  McPherson,  Kansas. 

The  Sandhill  Region  of  Medora  is  located  25  miles  south- 
west of  McPherson,  and  7  miles  northeast  of  Hutchinson, 
Kansas.  The  Rock  Island  and  Frisco  Railways  intersect  at  the 
small  town  of  Medora,  two  miles  from  the  crest  of  the  sand 
hills.  The  hills  extend  about  10  miles  southeast  and  approxi- 
mately 15  miles  west  and  north-west.  The  width  of  the  belt 
is  from  one  to  one  and  a  half  miles  and  the  altitude  is  about 
1500  feet.  Little  River  flows  from  one  to  three  miles  north 
of  the  hills. 

Between  the  hills  are  small  valleys  and  draws,  with  running 
rivulets  and  ponds  in  the  blowouts  in  wet  seasons. 

Small  groves  of  cottonwoods,  willows  and  sand  plums  are 
scattered  over  the  region  with  "Button  brush",  Ccphalantlms 
occidentals;  the  grasses  and  flowering  and  other  plants,  grow 
luxuriantly  in  the  valleys  and  small  meadows.  Yuccas,  wild 
morning  glory,  two  or  three  species  of  Asclcpias,  sensitive  and 
wild  roses  are  found  in  the  hills. 

It  is  the  object  of  this  paper  to  call  the  attention  of  ento- 
mologists to  this  region  as  a  prolific  breeding  ground  for  all 
orders  of  insects  and  especially  of  Coleoptera. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  263 

In  a  paper  as  restricted  as  this  one,  only  the  outstanding  and 
rare  species  taken  in  this  region  can  be  mentioned. 

In  Cicindelidae,  sixteen  species,  varieties  and  forms  are 
found,  the  more  conspicuous  and  rare  are:  forniosa  Say,  lengi 
W.  Horn,  form  wichitana  Csy.,  scutcllaris  Say,  and  the  form 
with  an  ante-apical  white  spot  on  each  elytron,  cuprasccns  Lee., 
and  the  form  insomnis  Csy.  In  Pasiinachus,  of  the  Carabidae, 
the  form  angustiilus  Csy.,  of  clongatns  Lee.,  and  obsolctns 
Lee.,  a  plains  form;  Helluomorpha  praeusta  Dej.,  Chlaenius 
ncbraskensis  Lee.,  Geopiiuts  flnviaticus  Csy.,  Nothopus  valens 
Csy.,  Stcnomorphus  scolopa.v  Csy.  In  Dytiscidae,  Erctcs  stic- 
ticus  Linn.  In  Gyrinidae,  Gyrinus  analis  Say.  In  Coccinelli- 
dae,  Brachyacantha  albifrons  Say.  Cardiophorus  cardisce  Say, 
on  white  sand,  and  Orthostethus  infuscatus  Germar,  on  wil- 
lows and  decaying  watermelons  in  August  and  September,  in 
Elateridae. 

Buprestidae  are  represented  by  Antha.ria  viridifrons  Gory 
and  Agrila.i'ia  flavimana  (Gory).  Chrysobothris,  form  ala- 
barnae  Gory  of  femorata  (Oliv). 

In  Cleridae  the  rare  Hydnocera  knausi  Wick,  is  occasionally 
taken  by  beating.  Characteristic  Tenebrionidae  are  Lobometo- 
pon  plumbeum  Lee.,  and  Bothrotes  knausi  Csy.  Elcodes  hispila- 
bris,  form  nupta  Lee.,  the  rarest  of  hispilabris  forms,  occurs 
from  April  to  September.  Amniodonus  fossor  Lee.,  hardly 
distinguishable  from  the  sand,  can  be  taken  from  June  to 
August. 

The  species  of  Scarabaeidae  are  especially  abundant.  Can- 
thon  depressipcnnis  Lee.,  and  praticola  Lee.  occur  occasionally. 
Canthon  lecontei  Harold,  the  smallest  Canthon  in  this  region, 
occurs  the  last  half  of  June  and  the  first  half  of  July.  The 
eggs  are  laid  on  rabbit  droppings  which  are  buried  from  one 
to  two  inches  in  the  sand.  Small  mounds  of  sand  indicate  the 
female  may  be  found  at  the  bottom  of  the  burrow  and  fre- 
quently the  male  also. 

Phanaeus  difformis  Lee.  is  the  prevalent  representative  here 
of  the  genus  and  is  fairly  abundant,  but  differing  much  in  size 
and  the  length  of  the  frontal  horn. 

Onthophagus  is  represented  by  three  characteristic  species. 


264  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

guatemalicnsis  Bates,  a  blueblack  species  reaching  up  from 
Central  America,  and  tnbcrculifrons  Harold,  recognized  for  the 
first  time  this  season  by  W.  J.  Brown  of  the  Department  of 
Entomology  of  the  A.  &  M.  College,  Stillwater,  Okla.  This 
species  occurs  with  pennsylvanicus  Har.  and  resembles  it  very 
closely  in  appearance. 

Two  Aphodins  distinctive  of  this  region  are  knausi  Fall,  a 
small  pale  species  attracted  to  light  the  first  half  of  July,  taken 
here  first  in  1923,  and  a  larger  species,  tvalshi  Horn. 

Two  species  of  Ataenius  that  come  to  light  are  figurator 
Harold  and  cognatus  Lee. 

One  Ochodacus,  fairly  common  to  light,  June  and  July,  is 
kansanus  Fall.  Bolboccras  fossatus  (Hald.)  is  a  brownish 
yellow  species  of  fairly  large  size  that  is  taken  in  limited  num- 
bers each  season  in  June  and  July.  It  burrows  a  perpendicular 
hole  from  8  to  12  inches  in  the  sand  and  also  is  attracted  to 
light.  It  has  great  strength,  and  forces  its  way  into  the  sand, 
rarely  throwing  sand  above  or  around  the  opening  of  the 
burrow. 

Odontacus  filicornis  (Say)  is  rarely  taken  at  light. 

Gcotrupes  is  represented  by  opacus  Hald. 

The  rare  form  of  Troginae  found  here  is  Glaresis  inducta 
Horn.  A  specimen  or  two  was  taken  at  light  in  July,  1923, 
and  this  last  season  ten  came  to  light  July  24.  The  sand  hills 
are  the  northern  range  of  this  species. 

The  rare  species  of  Serica  is  ochrosoma  Dawson.  It  is 
taken  only  sparingly  at  light  April-May— never  in  numbers. 

Diazus  ntdis  Lee.  is  taken  in  July  on  bare  sand  late  in  the 
afternoon. 

Phyllophaga  lanccolata  (Say),  crassissima  (Blanch.),  bi- 
partita  Horn  and  rngosa  (Melsh)  are  common  species. 

P.  longitarsns  Say  was  first  taken  here  early  in  July,  1923, 
at  light,  and  July  24th,  this  year,  375  specimens  were  taken  at 
light  in  less  than  two  hours.  During  this  time  18  specimens 
of  gracilis  (Burm.)  were  taken — all  females. 

Polyphylla  hammondi  Lee.,  is  the  only  species  of  the  genus 
taken  here ;  June-July  at  light. 

Anoinala  ludovlciana  Sch.  occurs  the  last  week  of  June  and 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  _'f  O 

the  first  week  in  July  on  bare  sand  or  low  vegetation,  mating; 
most  abundant  from  5  to  7  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 

A  variety,  modulata  Csy.,  is  attracted  to  light  in  July. 

A  new  species  of  Strigodermella,  knaitsl  Brown,  was  taken 
by  sweeping  in  1923  and  1925  and  will  be  described  by  W.  J. 
Brown  of  the  A.  &  M.  College,  Stillwater,  Oklahoma. 

Cotalpa  suscribrata  Wick.,  occurs  in  May-June  and  feeds  on 
willows  and  cottonwoods  early  in  the  evening.  During  the  day 
it  clings  to  the  leaves  and  twigs. 

Stratcgns  mormon  Burm.  is  the  largest  finest  Scarabaeid 
found  north  of  the  range  of  Dynastcs  tityus  L.  It  was  first 
taken  in  this  region,  a  pair,  May-June  1913.  Since  then  it  has 
been  taken  abundantly.  Its  burrows  are  usually  under,  or 
adjacent  to,  a  horse  or  cattle  dropping  from  six  months  to  a 
year  old.  Burrows  are  from  a  half  to  three-fourths  of  an 
inch  in  diameter  and  usually  made  by  the  male  and  are  from 
4  to  12  inches  deep  in  the  sand.  The  fibers  from  the  droppings 
are  packed  around  the  bottom  of  the  burrow  and  contain  the 
eggs.  The  males  appear  April,  May,  and  the  females  are  the 
last  to  be  found  alive  as  late  as  July  6-10. 

Two  specimens  of  the  rarest  Euphoria,  acstuosa  Horn,  have 
been  taken  in  this  region,  both  in  April-May.  The  species  was 
described  from  Kansas.  Citprasccns  Csy.,  a  variety  of  sepnl- 
chralis,  is  taken  here  in  flowers  in  August.  StcpJianitclia  pili- 
pcnnis  Kratz,  is  also  taken  here,  April-May,  Sept. 

In  Cerambycidae,  Panmdra  brunnca  (Fab.)  came  to  light 
July  24th. 

Cyllcnc  char  a  (Say)  and  a  variety,  and  Intosa  Lee.  are  taken 
in  August  and  September  on  golden  rod  blossoms. 

The  strikingly  handsome  Plectrodcra  scalator  Fab.  is  taken 
June-July,  mating. 

Tetraopcs  caucsccus  Lee.  is  found  each  year  feeding  on  the 
broad-leaved  milkweed,  June-July. 

Chrysomelidae  are  fairly  numerous  in  species.  Lcma  cor- 
nuta  Fab.  and  collaris  Say  are  swept  from  low  growing  plants. 

Pachybrachys  diversa  Fall,  vcstigialis  Fall,  lichccki  Fall, 
atom-anus  Melsh,  pawnee  Fall  and  I  it  ruins  Fall  are  taken  on 
willows. 


266  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

Metachroma  parallclum  Horn  is  found  on  willows  during 
the  day  but  flies  early  in  the  evening  and  feeds  on  cottonwood 
foliage.  The  male  is  black  but  the  female  is  brownish  yellow 
in  color. 

Zygogramma  disrnpta  Rogers  and  Calligrapha  scalans  Lee. 
are  beaten  from  willows. 

An  undescribed  species  of  Anisostena  was  beaten  from  wil- 
lows June  18,  1907. 

Mylabrina  discoidcus  Say  occurs  in  July-August,  feeding 
during  the  day  on  Convolvuli  and  flying  to  light  at  night. 
All  males  taken  Aug.  25. 

In  Curculionidae,  Apion  robustum  Sm.,  occidentale  Fall  and 
attenuatmn  Say  are  found  on  sunflowers. 

Chalcodermus  collaris  Horn  also  taken  on  sunflowers. 

Calandra  robustus  Horn,  medorcnsis  Satth.,  costipennis 
Horn,  maidis  Chitt.,  May-June,  soltaui  Chitt.,  July,  and  de- 
structor Chitt,  May,  all  occur  in  this  region.  Maidis  and 
destructor  damage  growing  corn. 

Scores  of  Coleoptera  not  listed  in  this  paper  are  in  my  col- 
lection taken  in  this  region.  I  It  is  equally  rich  in  the  other 
orders  of  insects.  The  sheeted  background  of  a  300  candle 
power  gasoline  lantern  on  a  quiet  July  evening  in  the  dark  of 
the  moon,  by  9.30  o'clock  will  be  crowded  with  a  seething 
mass  of  night  flying  beetles,  Noctuid,  Geometrid,  Pyralid  and 
other  moths,  Neuropteroid  insects,  Hymenoptera  and  Hemip- 
tera.  The  region  is  a  paradise  for  insect  life  and  a1  source 
of  never  ending  delight  to  the  collector. 

Some  day  this  Medora  Sand  Hilli  region  will  be  set  aside 
and  reserved  for  insect,  bird  and  wild  animal  life. 


Georgiaphis  Nom.  n.  for  Georgia  (Aphididae,  Homop.). 

In  the  May  number  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  the  writers 
erected  the  tribe  Gcorgiini  for  the  genus  Georgia.  When  Wil- 
son established  the  genus  Georgia  for  his  species  ulmi  in  1911, 
the  name  had  already  been  used  by  Baird  in  1853  in  the  Rep- 
tilia,  by  Thomas  in  the  Coleoptera  in  1857,  and  by  Bourguig- 
nant  in  the  Mollusca  in  1882.  Since  then  the  name  has  been 
used  by  Hall  as  a  generic  name  in  the  Arachnida. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NE\VS  267 

This  fact  makes  necessary  the  selection  of  new  names  for 
the  genus  and  tribe,  for  which  Georgiaphis  and  Georgiaphidini 
are  suggested. 

Shortly  after  our  paper  appeared,  the  junior  author  came 
across  a  paper  by  Mordwilko  in  which  he  places  Georgia  us  a 
synonym  of  Colop/ia  Monell.  In  this  we  do  not  agree.  The 
only  real  resemblance  between  the  two  is  the  absence  of  one 
vein  in  the  hind  wing.  The  galls  produced  by  the  two  genera 
differ;  Colopha  produces  a  true  gall  while  Georgia  phis  merely 
causes  the  leaves  to  curl.  The  wax  pores  of  the  two  differ  in 
structure;  Mordwilko  mentions  the  fact  that  they  might,  but 
apparently  had  no  material  upon  which  they  could  be  made  out. 
The  sequence  of  generations  is  different.  Colopha  has  the 
Pemphigus  type  of  life  history  while  the  life  history  of  Geor- 
gia phis  does  not  resemble  any  known  type  of  the  sub-family. 
These  reasons  seem  to  us  to  be  more  than  sufficient  for  retain- 
ing the  genus  proposed  by  Wilson  under  the  new  name. 

Thanks  are  due  Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  for  calling  our 
attention  to  the  fact  that  the  name  Georgia  was  preoccupied. 

A.  C.  MAXSON,  Longmont,  Colorado,  and  F.  C.  HOTTES, 
Dept.  of  Animal  Biology,  University  of  Minnesota,  Minne- 
apolis, Minnesota. 

Personals. 

On  the  recommendation  of  Professor  F.  V.  Theobald,  the 
noted  Dipterist,  of  the  Agricultural  College,  Wye,  Kent,  Eng- 
land, H.  F.  Barnes,  a  scholar  of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture 
and  Fisheries,  will  spend  a  part  of  his  scholarship,  some  5 
months  beginning  October  1,  1926,  studying  the  gall  midges, 
Itonididae,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt,  State  Ento- 
mologist, a  world-recognized  authority  in  this  large  and 
important  group. 

Mr.  S.  A.  Rohwer  spent  several  days  at  the  Philadelphia 
Academy  studying  the  types  of  Hymenoptera. 

Dr.  A.  W.  Lindsay  of  the  Indiana  University  has  been 
studying  the  types  of  Cynipidae  at  the  same  Academy. 

Dr.  C.  E.  Mickel  of  the  University  of  Minnesota  spent  a  few 
days  here  studying  the  types  of  Dasymutilla. 

Dr.  M.  D.  Leonard  is  now  entomologist  of  the  Wilson 
Toomer  Fertilizer  Co.,  Orlando,  Fla. 

Mr.  Henry  L.  Viereck  has  resigned  from  the  Entomological 
Branch,  Canadian  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  and  is  located  in 
Philadelphia. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  OCTOBER,  1926. 

Notice  of  Request  to  Admit  Hubner's  (1806)  "Tentamen" 

to  Nomenclatorial  Status  under  Suspension  of 

International  Rules.    (Lepid.) 

The  Secretary  of  the  International  Commission  on  Zoological 
Nomenclature  has  the  honor  to  invite  attention  of  the  zoo- 
logical profession  to  the  fact  that  application  has  been  made 
for  the  Suspension  of  the  International  Rules,  in  the  case  of 
Hubner's  (1806)  "Tentamen''  in  order  to  establish  its  nomen- 
clatorial  availability. 

Briefly  summarized :  The  formal  nomenclatorial  status  of 
this  document,  involving  about  100  names  admitted  by  some 
authors  as  of  generic  rank,  has  been  under  controversy  for 
many  years,  and  opinion  of  specialists  in  Lcpidoptcra  is  still 
divided. 

The  arguments,  as  submitted,  in  favor  of  Suspension  of 
Rules,  maintain  that:  (1)  there  are  sound  reasons  both  for 
admitting  and  for  denying  recognition  to  the  "Tentamen," 
from  the  standpoint  of  interpreting  the  Rules;  (2)  the  evidence 
pro  and  con  is  not  sufficiently  conclusive  to  remove  the  ques- 
tion from  debate;  (3)  the  rejection  of  the  "Tentamen"  will 
produce  greater  confusion  than  uniformity,  will  necessitate 
a  vast  amount  of  undesirable  labor  and  economic  loss  of  time 
and  work:  (4)  if,  on  the  ground  of  expediency,  the  Rules  can 
be  suspended  in  this  case,  the  nomenclature  of  the  Lepidoptera, 
as  used  for  the  past  30  years,  can  be  largely  maintained. 

The  "Tentamen"  is  one  of  the  most  important  and  most  con- 
troversial cases  ever  submitted  to  the  Commission.  A  discus- 
sion, with  essential  bibliographic  references,  will  be  found  in 
"Smithsonian  Misc.  Coll.,  v.  73(4)"  (now  in  press). 

The  Commission  will  delay  announcement  of  vote,  on  the 
requested  Suspension,  at  least  until  Sept.  1,  1927,  in  order  to 
give  interested  authors,  and  especially  entomological  societies. 
opportunity  to  study  the  premises  and  to  present  to  the  Com- 
mission their  views  and  arguments,  pro  and  con,  regarding  the 
action  requested. 

In  order  to  protect  groups  other  than  Lepidopiera,  a  prere- 
quisite to  Suspension  of  Rules  would  be  that  representative 
specialists  in  Lcpidoptcra  agree  upon  and  furnish  the  Commis- 
sion definite  bibliographic  references  to  the  107  names  which 
they  view  as  genotypes. 

C.  W.  STILES,  Secretary  to  Commission, 
U.  S.  Hygienic  Laboratory,  Washington,  D.  C. 
August  21,  1926.  " 

268 


XXXVli,    '26]  F.XTO.MOLOGICAL      XKWS  269 

Vernacular  Names  for  Insects. 

The  writer  has  collected  thousands  of  vernacular  names  of 
birds,  and  hundreds  of  them  for  plants,  and  is  convinced  of  the 
great  desirability  of  placing-  on  record  all  such  UTIUS  and  their 
usage  which  may  prove  to  be  either  very  local  or  rather  gen- 
eral, or  fleeting  or  lasting.  Whatever  the  vagaries  of  local 
names,  they  remain  the  best  source  of  satisfactory  standard 
vernacular  names,  for  which  there  is  a  steadily  increasing  de- 
mand. Will  not  some  entomologist  cultivate  this  very  interest- 
ing field,  and  give  us  a  basis  for  a  set  of  vernacular  names  that 
will  have  some  intrinsic  significance?  In  this  search  it  is  well 
to  consult  books,  and  it  is  necessary  to  consult  men,  preferably 
in  the  course  of  field  work,  and  in  as  many  regions  as  prac- 
ticable. Mrs.  Annie  Trumbull  Slosson  has  written  ( Journ.  X. 
Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  1,  No.  1,  March,  1893.  pp.  1-5)  entertain- 
ingly of  some  of  her  experiences  along  this  line,  and  clearly 
points  out  the  possibilities  of  the  quest. 

If  the  same  rule  applies  to  insects  that  is  apparent  among 
birds  and  plants,  the  more  strongly  characterized  forms  will 
prove  the  more  stimulating  to  the  production  of  local  names. 
In  illustration  of  this  principle  may  be  cited  the  Gyrinids, 
unique  in  appearance  and  behavior,  and  already  known  to  be 
the  recipients  of  a  variety  of  vernacular  appellations.  Lackey 
bugs  (Mass.),  sugar  bugs  (Mel.),  apple  bugs  (N.  J.,  Md., 
Ind.),  and  eel  bugs  (N.  C.),  are  terms  applied  to  them,  besides 
the  deliberately  invented  but  also  very  appropriate  Comstock- 
ism  "whirligig  beetles." 

Local  names  of  insects  as  well  as  those  of  birds  and  plants 
will  be  found  linked  with  folk  lore.  Examples  that  occur  to 
me  at  the  moment  are  thei  doodle  bug  of  children's  rhymes, 
pointers  (for  finding  lost  articles,  Phalangids,  Ind.),  and  love 
bugs  (talismans  for  overcoming  feminine  coyness,  Clcindchi 
6-gnttata,  Md. ).  The  study  of  local  names  is  one  of  many- 
sided  interest,  and  whoever  undertakes  it  will  not  only  benefit 
those  who  must  talk  and  write  about  insects,  but  also  will  have  a 
hobby  rich  in  interest  and  pleasure. — W.  L.  MC/\TEE,  U.  S. 
Dept.  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 


On  the  Nomenclature  of  a  Species  of  Polites 
(Lep.  Hesperiidae). 

I'olitcs  themistocles  Latr. 

1823,  Latreille,  Encyc.  Method.,  IX.  723,  769,  ignot.,  Hes- 
peria. 

taunias  Fabr.    (lapsus  calami) 

1787,  Fabricius,  Mant.  Ins.,  II,  84,  Papilio,  "P.  P.  V." 


270  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

1924,  Skinner  &  Williams,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  L,   152, 
f.  11  c?  g-enit.,  Polites. 

thaumas  Fabr.    (homonym) 

1793,  Fabricius,  Ent.  Syst.,  Ill,  (1),  327,  Hcspcria;  "H.  U." 

?  phocion  Fabr.   (homonym) 

1798,  Fabricius,  Ent.  Syst.,  Suppl.,  p.  431,  Hcspcria,  "H.  U. 
c ernes  Bdv.  &  Lee. 

1833,  Boisduval  &  Leconte,  Lep.  Am.  Sept.,  pi.  LXXVI, 
ff.  1-2,  Hcspcria. 

ahaton  Harris. 

1862,  Harris,  Ins.  Mass.  Inj.  Veg.  Ed.  Ill,  317,  f.  140,  Hcs- 
pcria. 

"Papilo  tamnas"  Fabr.  was  apparently  a  lapsus  calami  or 
typographical  error  and  emended  to  thaumas  by  Fabricius, 
both  names  with  the  same  types.  Under  Art.  19  of  the  Inter- 
national Code  such  errors  may  be  corrected.  The  name  tanuias 
therefore  becomes  unavailable.  "Hcsperia.  tliaumas"  Fabr.  is  a 
homonyn  of  thaumas  Hufn.  and  is  unavailable.  "Hespcria 
phocion"  Fabr.  was  sunk  as  a  homonym  by  Latreille,  because 
of  another  "Hcsperia  phocion"  Fabr.  Latreille  erected  the 
name  thcmistodcs  in  place  of  phocion.  The  species  was  un- 
known to  him.  His  name  takes  the  same  type  as  phocion. 

The    name    themist&cles   has   been   generally    omitted    from 
North  American  lists.     The  latest  revisional  paper,  by  Skin- 
ner and  Williams,  uses  taumas  for  the  name  of  the  species. 
WM.  BARNES  &  F.  H.  BENJAMIN,  Decatur,  Illinois. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record. 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

4— Canadian  Ent.,  Guelph.  6 — Jour.,  Ntjw  York  Ent. 
Soc.,  New  York.  7 — Ann.,  Ent.  Soc.  America,  Columbus, 
Ohio.  9 — Entomologist,  London.  10 — Proc.,  Ent.  Soc. 


XXXVJi,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  271 

Washington.     12 — Jour,  of  Economic  Ent.     14 — Ent.  Zeit- 
schrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.     17 — Ent.  Rundschau,  Stuttgart.    18 
— Intern.  Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Guben.     20 — Societas  Entomol- 
ogica,    Stuttgart.      21 — The    Entomologist's    Record.      25— 
Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France.     27— Bull.  Soc.   Ent.  Italiana.     39 

-The  Florida  Entomologist.     42 — Ent.   Meddelelser,  Kjo- 
benhaven.     49 — Ent.   Mitteilungen,   Berlin.      50 — Proc.,  U. 
S.    National   Museum.      54 — Bol.   Soc.   Ent.   Espana.      55— 
Pan-Pacific  Ent.,  San  Francisco.     56 — Konowia,  Wien.  58 

—Ent.  Berichtens,  s'Gravenhage.  59 — Encyclopedic  Ento- 
mologie,  Paris.  60 — Stettiner  Ent.  Zeitung.  61 — Proc., 
California  Acad.  Sci.  67 — Bull.  Soc.  Ent.,  Egypte.  70— 
Entomologica  Americana,  Brooklyn.  71 — Novitates  Zoo- 
logicae.  72 — Revue  Russe  d'Entomologie.  75 — Ann.  & 
Mag.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  London.  77 — Comptes  R.,  Soc.  Biol- 
ogic, Paris.  78 — Bull.  Biol.  France  et  Belgique.  107— 
Biologisches  Zentralblatt.  109 — Ann.  Hist.  Nat.  Mus.  Nat., 
Hungarici.  116 — Annals  of  Applied  Biology.  134 — Annales 
de  Biol.  Lacustre,  Brussels.  138 — American  Mus.  Novi- 
tates. 141 — Amer.  Naturalist.  154 — Zool.  Anzeiger,  Leip- 
zig. 

GENERAL — Bequaert,  J. — Medical  and  economic  ento- 
mology. Pt.  2  of  Medical  Rept.  of  the  Hamilton  Rice  7th 
Exped.  to  Amazon.  Cont.  from  Harvard  Inst.  for  Trop. 
Biol.  &  Med.,  No.  4  p.  157-257.  British  Museum.  Dates  of 
publication  of  early  catalogues  of  natural  history  issued  by 
the  British  Museum.  By  C.  D.  Sherborn.— 75,  xvii,  271-2. 
[This  list  includes  most  of  those  on  insects.]  Cave,  C.  J.  P. 

-The  physical  basis    of    insect    drift. — Nature,  cxviii,  50. 
Collecting  and  preserving  insects. — Mary.  Acad.  Sci.,  Bull., 
v,   37-48.     Cresson,    E.    T. — Obituary    note. — Science,    Ixiv, 
8-9.     Davis,   A.   C. — Preparation   of  soft   bodied   insects.— 
55,  ii,  p.  180.     Fulda,  O. — Sammelreise  nach  Kuba.— Insek- 
tenborse,  xliii,  17,  (Cont.).   Gossard,  H.  A. — Memorial  to.— 
7,  xix,  p.  255-7.   Hayward,  K.  J. — A  simple  breeding  cage.— 
21,  xxxviii,  93-4.     Horn,  W. — Ueber  den  verleib  der  ento- 
mologischen   sammlungen   der  welt. — Suppl.   Ent.,   Nr.    12, 
133   pp.     Hunter,  W.   D. — Memorial   to. — 7,  xix,   p.   257-8. 
Kuekenthal  u.   Krumbach. — Handbuch   der   zoologie.      Bd. 
iv,  Lief.  1.  (See  Attemus  under  Arachnida.)     Le  Cointe,  P. 

-L'Amazonie    Bresilienne.   Tome   ii,    Insectes,   p.   369-400. 
Lucas,  W.  J. — Insect  orders. — Proc.  So.  London  Ent.  & 
H.  Soc.,   1925-26,   1-6.     Meissner,  O. — Kuv/.c  btMiK-rkunLTii 
iiber  einige  neuere  naturwissenschaftliche  theorien. 
Hasebroeksche    phanomen. — 20,    xxxxi,    p.    29-30.      Poehl- 


272  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

mann. — R,iickgang  der  insektenwelt. — 17,  xliii,  p.  25-26. 
Shannon,  H.  J. — A  preliminary  report  on  the  seasonal 
migrations  of  insects. — 6,  xxxiv,  p.  199-206.  Tillyard,  R. 
J. — Fossil  insects  in  relation  to  living  forms. — Nature,  cxvii, 
828-30.  Van  Duzee,  E.  P. — An  entomological  code. — 55,  ii, 
p.  214-5.  Wade,  J.  S. — The  friendship  of  two  old-time 
naturalists  [Dr.  T.  W.  Harris  and  H.  D.  Thoreau]. — Sci. 
Month.,  1926,  152-160.  Weiss,  H.  B.— Entomological  obser- 
vations of  Captain  Cook. — 6,  xxxiv,  p.  222. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Crew,  F.  A.  E.- 

Abnormal  sexuality  in  animals. — Quart.  Rev.  Biol.,  i, 
315-59.  du  Buisson,  M. — Observations  sur  la  ventilation 
tracheenne  des  insectes. — Bui.  Sci.,  Acad.  R.  Belg.,  xii, 
127-38.  Grosvenor,  T.  H.  L. — Variation. — Proc.  So.  Lon- 
don Ent.  &  N.  H.  Soc.,  1925-26,  39-53.  Hussey,  P.  B.- 
Studies  on  the  pleuropodia  of  Belostoma  flumineum  and 
Ranatra  fusca,  with  discussion  of  these  organs  in  other 
insects. — 70,  vii,  1-80.  Jackson,  D.  J. — Inheritance  of 
brachypterous  and  macropterous  wings  in  Sitona  hispidula. 
-Nature,  cxviii,  192-3.  Jucci,  C. — Comportamento  eredi- 
tario  di  tin  carattere  fisiologico  nei  bachi  da  seta. — 27,  Iviii, 
56-63.  Kuekenthal  u.  Krumbach. — Handbuch  der  zoologie. 
Bd.  3,  p.  211-272,  Arthropoda.  von  Lengerken,  H. — Ueber 
eischalensprenger  bei  insekten. — Der  Naturf.,  iii,  113-20. 
Mclndoo,  N.  E. — An  insect  olfactometer. — 12,  xix,  545-71. 
Meissner,  O. — Melanismus  und  mendelismus. — 18,  xx,  p. 
115-6.  Meissner,  P. — Monophagie  und  polyphagie. — 18,  xx, 
p.  130-131.  Pearl  &  Penniman. — Culture  media  for  Droso- 
phila. — 141,  Ix,  347-66.  Przibram,  H. — Transplantation  and 
regeneration  :  their  bearing  on  developmental  mechanics.— 
Br.  Jour.  Exp.  Biol.,  iii,  313-30.  Stern,  C. — Vererbung  im 
Y-chromosom  von  Drosophila  melanogaster. — 107,  xlvi, 
344-8.  Toumanoff,  K. — Sur  la  teneur  en  tyrosinase  des  dif- 
ferentes  organes  de  Dixippus  morosus. — 77,  xcv,  372-74. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Attemus,  C.  G- 

Myriopoda,  Pauropoda,  Diplopoda  in  Kuekenthal  u.  Krum- 
bach's  Handbuch  der  zoologie  Bd.  iv,  Lief.  1,  128  pp. 
Birula,  A. — Zur  ausseren  morphologic  der  fossilen  und 
recenten  skorpione. — 154,  Ixvii,  61-7.  Bonnet,  P. — Sur  le 
nombre  de  mues  que  subissent  les  araignees. — 25,  1926,  67-9- 
Braendegaard,  J. — A  case  of  lateral  hermaphroditism  in  a 
spider. — 42,  xvi,  p.  13. 


xxxvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  273 

(N)  *Miner,  R.  W. — A  fossil  myriapod  of  the  genus  Para- 
julus  from  Florissant,  Colorado. — 138,  No.  219,  5  pp.  *Nut- 
tall,  Warburton  &  Robinson. —  (See  Ticks  under  Special). 

(S)  Bequaert,  J. —  (See  under  General,  p.  168-178).  Fran- 
ganillo,  R.  P.  P. — Aracnidos  nuevos  o  poco  conocidos  de  la 
isla  de  Cuba. — 54,  ix,  p.  42-68.  *Oudemans,  A.  C- — Acarol- 
ogische  aanteekeningen.  58,  vii,  97-102. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Bengts- 
son,  S.— La  nutrition  des  larves  des  Ephemeres. — 134,  xiii, 
215-17.  Gros,  A.  J. — Quelques  conseils  pour  les  elevages  en 
aquarium  des  larves  des  Ephemeres. — 134,  xiv,  49-52. 
Hubault,  E. — Recherches  sur  la  structure  intime  des  etuis 
des  larves  de  certains  Trichopteres. — 134,  xiii,  99-105. 
Hubault  et  Lestage. — Etudes  sur  la  biologic  des  Plecop- 
teres. — Ann.  Biol.  Lacustre,  xiv,  217-22.  Lestage,  J.  A.— 
Contribution  a  1'etude  des  larves  des  Ephemeres. — 134,  xiii, 
225-302. 

(>N)  Bequaert,  J. — (See  under  General,  p.  179-183,  for 
Isoptera).  *Carpenter,  F.  M. — Fossil  insects  from  the 
lower  permian  of  Kansas. — Bui.  Mus.  Comp.  Z.,  Ixvii, 
437-44.  *Ewing,  H.  E. — Some  recent  generic  derivations  of 
the  mallophagan  genus  Philopterus. — 10,  xxviii,  145-50. 
*Ewing,  H.  E. — Rev.  of  the  Am.  lice  of  the  genus  Pediculus, 
together  with  a  consideration  of  the  significance  of  their 
geographical  and  host  distribution. — 50,  Ixviii,  Art.  19. 
*Fox,  C. — Some  new  Siphonaptera  from  California — 55,  ii, 
p.  182-6. 

(S)  *Navas,  R.  P.  L. — Algunos  insectos  del  Brasil. — Bro- 
teria,  xxiii,  5-15.  *Priesner,  H. — Un  genero  nuevo  y  curioso 
del  orden  physopodos  o  thysanopteros  de  Mexico.  Ein 
neues,  absonderliches  Thysanopteren  genus  aus  Mexiko.— 
Mem.  y  Rev.  Soc.  Cien.,  Ant.  Alzate,  xliv,  485-9.  Watson, 
J.  R. — Adiciones  a  los  Thysanoptera  de  Cuba. — Mem.  Soc. 
Poey,  vii,  46-7. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Caudell,  A.  N.— Diestrammena  oc- 
curring in  wells  (Tettigonidae). — 10,  xxviii,  150.  Morstatt, 
H. — Neues  von  ohrwurm. — Kosmos,  xxiii,  234-5.  Woll- 
man,  E. — Observations  sur  une  lignee  aseptique  de  blattes 
(Blattela  germunica)  datant  de  cinq  ans. — 77,  xcv,  164-5. 

(N)  *Caudell,  A.  N. — A  ndw  sp.  of  stone  cricket  from 
Arkansas  (Tettigonidae). — 10,  xxviii,  96-7.  *Cockerell,  T. 
D.  A. — A  fossil  orthopterous  insect  formerly  referred  t<> 


274  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

Mecoptera. — 10,  xxviii,    142.     *Davis  &   Smith. — Notes   on 
the  genus  Stenopelmatus  with  descr.  of  a  n.  sp. — 55,  ii,  p. 
174-80.     Spencer,  G.  J. — An  earwig  new  to  Br.  Columbia.— 
Proc.  Pacific  Coast  Ent.  Soc.,  ii,  65-6- 

HEMIPTERA.— Brocher,  F.— Observations  biologiques 
stir  la  larve  de  la  cicadelle  (Ptyelus  spumarius). — 134,  xiii, 
205-13.      Davis,   W.   T.— Cicadas   or   harvest    flies   of   New 
Jersey. — Circ.  97,  N.  J.  Dept.  Agric.,  27  pp.    Myers,  J.  G.— 
Dry-season  studies  of  cane   Homoptera  at  Soledad,  Cuba, 
with  a  list  of  the  coccids  of  the  district. — Contr.  Harvard 
Inst.  Trop.  Biol.  &  Med.,  iii,  69-110.    Tanaka,  T.— Homolo- 
gies    of    the   wing   veins    of   the    hemiptera. — Annot.    Zool. 
Japon.,  xi,  33-58. 

(N)  *Barber,  H.  G. — Notes  on  Coreidae  in  the  collections 
of  the  U.  S.  National  museum  with  description  of  a  new 
Catorhintha  (Heteroptera). — 6,  xxxiv,  209-216.  *Davis, 
Wm.  T. — New  cicadas  from  California  and  Arizona  with 
notes  on  several  other  species. — 6,  xxxiv,  p.  177-198.  *Drake 
&  Harris. — Notes  on  American  Anthocoridae  with  descr.  of 
new  forms. — Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  xxxix,  33-46.  *McAtee, 
W.  L. — Notes  on  Neotropical  Eupteryginae,  with  a  key  to 
the  varieties  of  Alebra  albostriella  (Jassidae. — 6,  xxxiv,  p. 
141-176.  *McAtee,  W.  L. — Revision  of  the  Am.  leaf  hop- 
pers of  the  jassid  genus  Typhlocyba. — 50,  Ixviii,  Art.  18. 
*MacDougall,  A.  P. — Some  n.  sps.  of  Macrosiphum  from 
Br.  Columbia  (Aphididae). — 55,  ii,  p.  165-73.  Schrader,  F. 
—Notes  on  the  English  and  American  races  of  the  green- 
house white-fly  (Trialeurodes  vaporariorum). — 116,  xiii, 
189-96.  Van  Duzee,  E.  P — Labops  burmeisteri. — 55,  ii,  p. 
163. 

(S)  Bequaert,  J. —  (For  Heteroptera  and  Homoptera  see 
under  General,  p.  184-89.)  *Bruner,  S.  C.— On  the  genus 
Macrocephalus  in  Cuba  (Phymatidae).  Sinopsis  de  los 
Reduvidos  de  Cuba. — Mem.  Soc.  Poey,  vii,  55-64;  65-82, 
:i:Bruner  &  Fracker. — Notes  on  Cuban  Reduviidae. — 7,  xix, 
p.  247-51.  Melichar,  L. — Monographic  der  Cicadellinen.— 
109,  xxi,  p.  195-243;  xxii,  p.  329-410. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Adkin,  R.— Melanism  in  the  lepidop- 
tera.— Proc.  So.  London  Ent.  &  N.  H.  Soc.,  1925-26,  7-21. 
Cramer,  F. — Butterfly  migration. — Nature,  cxviii,  191-2. 
Essig,  E.  O. — A  butterfly  migration. — 55,  ii,  p.  211-12.  Frost, 
S.  W. — Certain  genitalic  characters  in  Laspeyresia  molesta 
and  L.  prunivora. — 7,  xix,  p.  198-201.  Hering,  M. — Biologic 


XXXvH,     '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL      NEWS  275 

der  schmetterlinge. — Biol.  Studienb-  III.  herausg.  W. 
Schoenichen,  Berlin,  480  pp..  ill.  LeCerf,  F. — Contribution 
a  1'etude  des  organes  sensoriels  des  L. — 59,  (B,  IIIj.  i,  133- 
58.  Le  Moult,  E. — Observations  sur  1'androniorphisme  et  le 
gynomorphisme  chez  les  Agrias. — 59,  (B,  III),  i,  131-2. 
Mansion,  J. — La  ponte  d'un  abdomen  isole  de  Sericaria 
mori—  25,  1926,  p.  109-11.  Noel  et  Paillot.— Sur  le  ch<m- 
driome  des  cellules  pericardiales  du  bombyx  du  murier  et 
de  Pieris  brassicae. — 77,  xcv,  43-5.  Rocci,  U. — L'influenza 
,  delle  luci  monochromatiche  sui  lepidotteri. — Atti,  Soc.  Lig. 
Sci.  e  Let.,  Pavia,  iv,  275-86.  Strecker,  J.  K. — Additions  to 
a  list  of  the  diurnal  L.  of  the  vicinity  of  Waco,  Texas.— 
Contr.  Baylor  Univ.  Mus.,  No.  1,  2  pp.  Tshirvinskij,  P.  N. 
—A  propos  de  la  compensation  des  couleurs  sur  les  ailes 
des  L.  [in  Russian]— 72,  xix,  79-82.  Watson  &  Lutz.— Our 
common  butterflies. — Am.  Mus.  N.  H.,  Guide  Leaflet  Ser. 
No.  38,  rev.  ed.  Weiss,  H.  B. — Lepidopterous  larvae  as 
aids  in  magic. — 6,  xxxiv,  p.  208.  Williams,  C.  B. — Migra- 
tions of  butterflies. — Nature,  cxviii,  118-9. 

(N)  Barnes  &  Benjamin. — On  the  placement  of  "Pseu- 
danarta"  flavidens  ( Phalaenidae).  On  the  distribution  of 
Omphalocera  occidentals  (Pyralidae). — 55,  ii.  p.  187-8. 
*Comstock,  J.  A. — A  new  aberrant  butterfly  from  southern 
California. — Bui.  So.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  xxv,  48.  Eyer,  J.  R.— 
Characters  of  family  and  superfamily  significance  in  the 
male  genitalia  of  microlepidoptera.- — 7,  xix,  p.  237-46.  Hay- 
ward,  K.  J. — Notes  and  observations. — 9,  lix,  p-  228-229. 
Hayward,  K.  J. — Miscellaneous  notes  from  Argentina.  IV. 

-21,  xxxviii,  109-10. 

(S)  Bequaert,  J.— (See  under  General;  p.  189-93.)  *Bie- 
dermann,  R. — Formes  nouvelles  de  'Nymphalidae  Ameri- 
caines.— 59,  (B.  Ill),  i,  121-3.  *Clark',  B.  P.— Descr.  of 
twelve  now  Sphingidae  and  remarks  upon  some  other  sps. 

-Proc.  N.  Eng.  Zool.  Club,  ix,  45-59.  *Le  Moult,  E.— De- 
scription de  formes  pen  connues  ou  nouvelles  des  genres 
Papilio,  Agrias  et  Morpho. — 59,  (B.III),  161-72.  Niepelt, 
W. — Wenig  bekanntes  iiber  columbische  morphiden. — 18, 
xx.  83-4. 

DIPTERA.— *Curran,  C.  H.— Grisdalemyia,  a  new  genus 
of  Tachinidae. — 4,  Iviii.  133-5-  *Curran,  C.  H. — Xearctic 
sps.  of  the  genus  Rhaphium  (Dolichopodidae). — Trans.  R. 
Can.  Inst.  xv,  249-60  (Cont.).  Goetghebuer,  M. — Note  sur 
la  biologic  at  la  morphologic  de  Lipmieura  belgica  ( Ble- 


276  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

pharoceridae). — 134,  xiii,  107-18.  Goetghebuer,  M. — Meta- 
morphoses de  Dactylocladius  distylus  (Chironomidae).— 
Ann.  Biol.  Lacustre,  xiv,  275-80.  Jepson,  F.  P. — House 
flies  and  their  connection  with  manuring  operations  on 
estates  in  Ceylon. — Dept.  Agr.  Ceylon,  Bui.  74,  16  pp- 
Rogers,  J.  S. — Some  notes  on  the  feeding  habits  of  adult 
crane-flies. — 39,  x,  5-7.  Thompson,  W.  R. — Recherches  sur 
les  larves  des  tachinaires  Strumia,  Winthemia,  Carcelia  et 
Exorista. — Ann.  Parasit.  Hum.  et  Comp.,  iv,  207-27. 

(N)  Aldrich,  J.  M. — Notes  on  Hypochaeta  and  related 
genera  of  muscoid  flies. — 10,  xxviii,  143-5.  *Allen,  H.  W.—  » 
No.  Amer.  species  of  two-winged  flies  belonging  to  the 
tribe.  Miltogrammini  (Tachinidae). — 50,  Ixviii,  Art.  9. 
*Aldrich,  J.  M. — No.  Amer.  two-winged  flies  of  the  genus 
Cylindromyia  (Ocyptera). — 50,  Ixviii,  Art.  23.  Bequaert, 
J. —  (See  under  Hymenoptera).  Bezzi,  M. — Sulla  posizione 
sistematica  del  genre  di  "Estridi"  anthophasia. — At.  Soc. 
Ital.  Sci.  Nat.,  Milano,  Ixv,  1-5.  *Czerny,  L. — Erganzungen 
und  berichtigungen  zu  meiner  monographic  der  Helomyzi- 
den. — 56,  v,  53-6.  *Felt,  E.  P. — 'New  gall  midges  from  New 
England.— Oc.  Pap.  Boston  Soc.  N.  H.,  v,  207-8.  *Free- 
born,  S.  B. — A  new  chaoborid  gnat,  Chaoborus  lacustris.— 
55,  ii,  p.  161-3.  *Ide,  F.  P.— Descr.  of  two  n.  sps.  of  Platy- 
cheirus  (Syrphidae). — 4,  Iviii,  155-6.  Mueller,  A. — Ueber 
den  bau  des  penis  der  tachinarier  und  seinen  wert  fur  die 
aufstellung  des  stammbaumes  und  die  artdiagnose. — 56,  v, 
72-8.  Shannon,  R.  C. — The  occurrence  of  an  American 
genus  in  Europe  and  a  European  genus  in  America  (Syrphi- 
dae and  Sepsidae). — 10,  xxviii,  112-14.  *Shannon,  R.  C. — 
Synopsis  of  the  American  Calliphoridae. — 20,  xxviii,  115-39. 
*Van  Duzee,  M.  C. — A  new  sp.  of  Scenopinidae  from  Cal. 
-55,  ii,  p.  164. 

(S)  *Alexander,  C.  P. — Studies  of  the  crane  flies  of 
Mexico.  II. — 7,  xix,  p.  158-79.  Bequaert,  J. — A  dipterous 
parasite  of  a  snail  from  Brazil,  with  an  account  of  the 
arthropod  enemies  of  mollusks. — Med.  Rept.  Hamilton  Rice 
7th  Exped.,  p.  292-303.  Bequaert,  J. — (See  under  General; 
p.  193-249).  *Borgmeier,  T. — Novos  subsidies  para  o  con- 
hecimento  da  familia  Phoridae. — Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  R.  d. 
Janeiro,  xxv,  85-281.  *Curran,  C.  H. — New  D.  from  the 
West  Indies.— 138,  No.  220,  14  pp.  Duda,  O.— Die  G.stari- 
canischen  Drosophiliden  des  Ungarischen  national- 
museums  zu  Budapest. — 109,  xxii,  p.  149-229.  *Malloch,  J. 
R. — New  genera  and  sps.  of  acalyptrate  flies  in  the  U.  S.  N. 


XXXVll,    '26]  FA'TOMOI.OGICAL      XE\VS  277 

M. — 50,  Ixviii,  Art.  21.  *Seguy,  E. — Sur  deux  calliphnrino 
nouveaux. — 25,  1926,  62-4.  Wieland,  G.  R. — South  Ameri- 
can fossil  insect  discovery. — Am.  Jour.  Sci..  xii.  130-5. 

COLEOPTERA. — Breitenbecher,  J.  K. — Variation  and 
heredity  in  Bruchus  quadrimaculatus. — 4,  Iviii.  131-3.  Chit- 
tenden,  F.  H. — A  foreign  cabbage  flea-beetle  in  the  U.  S. 

10,  xxviii,  139-41.     Davis,  A.  C. — A  luminous  Zarhipis. — 55, 

11,  p.  210.     Falcoz,  L. — Adelphophagie  chez  les  larves  d'une 
coccinelle.— Le  Feuil.   Nat.,  1926,  p.   108.     Fenton,  F.  A.- 
Observations  on  the  biology  of  Melanotus  communis  and 
M.  pilosus.— 12,  xix,  502-4.     Forbes,  Wm.  T.  M.— The  wing 
folding    patterns    of    the    coleoptera. — 6,    xxxiv,    p.    91-115. 
Hardy,  G.  A. — Cerambycidae  of  Vancouver  Island. — Rq>t. 
Prov.  Mus.  N.  H.,  1925,  p.  C24-C33.     Heikertinger,  F.— Die 
ameisenmimese. — 107,  xlvi,  351-82.  Ihering,  H.  v. — Zur  ver- 
breitungsgeschichte  der  Cicindeliden. — 49,  xv,  156-61.  Ochs, 
G.— Die    Dineutini.— 14,   xxx,   61-74    (Cont.)      Orest,   M.- 
Beitrage  zur  generationsfrage    einiger    borkenkaefer. — 154, 
Ixvii,    81-7.      Marriner,    T.    F.— A    hybrid    coccinellid. — 21, 
xxxviii,  81-3.     Pic,  M. — >Un  cas  de  nomenclature. — 25,  1926, 
p.   124.     Reichardt,  A. — Note  sur  les  types  des  Histerides 
decrits  par  Hochhut   [Russian]. — 72,  xix,   157-8.     Roberts, 
A.  W.  R. — On  the  early  stages  of  some  weevils. — 116,  xiii, 
197-218.     Schilder,  F.  A. — Variationsstatistische  studien  an 
kafern. — 14,    xxxi,    75-96.      Sulc,    K. — O    vonavem    organ u 
Staphylinidu,   cinnem   ze  letu. — Pub.   Haute   Ecole  Vetern. 
Brno,  RCS,  i,  Sig.  6,  20  pp.,  1922.     Sweetman,  H.  L.— Re- 
sults of  life  history  studies  of  Diabrotica  12-punctata  (Chry- 
somelidae). — 12,  xix,  484-90.     Urban,  C. — Ueberwinternde 
kafereier. — 49,  xv,  108-113. 

(N)  Beamer,  R.  H. — Notes x  on  Griburius  montezuma 
(Chrysomelidae).— 55,  ii,  p.  209-10.  Bernhauer  et  Scheer- 
peltz. — Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  82.  Staphylinidae 
VI,  499-988  pp.  Chittenden,  F.  H.— An  introduced  beetle 
related  to  the  tomato  weevil. — Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
xxxix,  71-4.  *Gentner,  L.  G. — New  N.  Am.  Halticinae  with 
notes  on  other  species. — 4,  Iviii,  149-54.  Hetschko,  A.- 
Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  85.  Lathridiidae,  86  pp. 
Pars  83,  Thorictidae,  Catopochrotidae,  Monoedidae,  Synteli- 
idae,  Cossyphodidae,  15  pp.  Horn,  W. — Coleopterorum 
catalogus.  Pars  86,  Carabidae :  Cicindelinar.  345  pp.  Mutch- 
ler  &  Weiss. — Leaf  beetles  of  the  genus  Galerucella  known 
to  inhabit  N.  Jersey.— N.  J.  Dep.  Agr.,  Circ.  98.  Obenber- 
ger,  J. — Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  XI.  I'.uprestidae  I. 


278  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

212  pp.  Pic,  M. — Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  87.  Phlo- 
eophilidae,  Rhadalidae,  Prionoceridae.  11  pp.  St.  George, 
R.  A. — Taxonomic  studies  of  the  larvae  of  the  genera  Tene- 
brio  and  Neatus. — 10,  xxviii,  102-111.  *Tanner,  V.  M.— A 
n.  sp.  of  Plastoceridae  in  the  genus  Euthysanius. — 55,  ii,  p. 
188-90. 

(S)  *Fisher,  W.  S. — Descriptions  of  new  West  Indian 
longicorn  beetles  of  the  subfamily  Lamiinae. — 50,  Ixviii, 
Art.  22. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Balduf,  W.  V.— On  the  bionomics 
of  some  H.  from  a  bur  oak  cynipid  gall. — 4,  Iviii,  135-43 
(Cont.).  Bugnion,  E. — Nouvelle  etude  des  organes  buc- 
caux  de  la  scolie.— 67,  1925,  p.  291-380.  Davis,  W.  T.— The 
wasp,  Bembidula  quadrifasciata. — 6,  xxxiv,  89-90.  Prison, 
T.  H. — Contribution  to  the  knowledge  of  the  interrelations 
of  the  bumblebees  of  Illinois  with  their  animate  environ- 
ment.— 7,  xix,  p.  203-234.  Mansion,  J. — Gestes  dysharmoni- 
ques  de  la  ponte  de  Cryptus  seductorius. — 25,  1926,  122-3. 
Pietsch,  A. — Etwas  vom  gift  der  schlupwespen. — Unsere 
Welt,  xviii,  154-9.  Rabaud,  E. — Acquisition  des  habitudes 
et  reperes  sensoriels  chez  les  guepes. — 78,  lx,  313-33.  Spen- 
cer, H. — Biology  of  the  parasites  and  hyperparasites  of 
aphids. — 7,  xix,  p.  119-57.  Stuhlinger,  R. — Die  bienen.— 
Aus  der  Heimat,  xxxix,  89-93. 

(N)  Bequaert,  J. — Date  of  publication  of  the  Hymenop- 
tera  and  Diptera  described  by  Guerin  in  Duperrey's  "Voy- 
age de  la  Coquille".— 49,  xv,  186-95.  *Fox,  C.  L*.— A  new 
Nomada. — 55,  ii,  p.  212.  Friese,  H. — Die  nachtbienen-gat- 
lung  Megalopta.— 60,  Iviii,  p.  111-135.  *Schwarz,  H.  F.- 
North  Am.  bees  of  the  genus  Heteranthidium. — 138,  No. 
218,  16  pp. 

(S)  Bequaert,  J. —  (See  under  General;  p.  249-57). 
Claude- Joseph,  F. — Recherches  biologiques  sur  les  hymen- 
opteres  du  Chili  (Melliferes). — Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  Zool.,  (10), 
1926,  113-240.  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Descriptions  and 
records  of  bees. — 75,  xvii,  657-65.  *Dozier,  H.  L. — Some 
new  Porto  Rican  scale  parasites  (Encyrtidae). — 10,  xxviii, 
97-102.  *Mickel,  C.  E.— A  new  sp.  of  Dasymutilla  from 
Cuba.— 49,  xv,  197-8.  *Timberlake,  P.  H.— Miscellaneous 
new  chalcid  flies  of  the  hymenopterous  family  Encyrtidae. 
—50,  Ixix,  Art.  3.  Viereck,  H.  L. — Descr.  of  seven  andre- 
nids  in  the  collection  of  the  Calif.  Ac.  Sci. — 61,  xv,  p.  399- 
408.  *Viereck,  H.  L. — Preliminary  revision  of  some  Champ- 


xxxvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   \K\VS  27(> 

sinae,  a  subfamily  of  Ichneumonoidea.    Pt.    2. — Trans.    I\. 
Soc.  Can.,  xx.  Sec.  V,  173-86.     *Weld,  L.  H.— Field  note- 
on  gall-inhabiting  cynipid  wasps  with  description.-  of  n.  sps. 
-50,  Ixviii.  Art.  10' 

SPECIAL  NOTES 

Animal  Ecology,  with  special  reference  to  insects.  \\\ 
R.  N.  Chapman.  Burgess-Brooke,  Inc.,  Minneapolis.  This 
is  a  mimeographic  production  in  two  parts  of  187+183 
sheets  respectively,  and  represents  the  outline  of  a  course 
in  the  ecology  of  insects  which  has  been  offered  at  the 
University  of  Minnesota  for  nine  years. 

British  Spiders:  Their  haunts  and  habits.  By  T.  H.  Sav- 
ory. Oxford  Univ.  Press,  1926,  180  pp..  ill.  '$2.00.  This 
small  octavo  book,  altho  treating  of  British  spiders,  should 
be  interesting  to  American  students,  especially  to  those 
who  would  like  to  take  up  the  study  of  these  animals.  The 
author  divides  his  book  into  two  parts,  the  first  part  going 
into  the  life  history  of  the  spider,  its  instincts,  senses,  and 
anatomy.  All  told  in  a  manner  easily  understood.  The 
second  part  takes  up  the  classification  of  the  more  common 
spiders,  giving  the  student  a  general  idea  of  the  taxonomy. 
An  appendix,  includes  directions  on  collecting  and  preserv- 
ing, a  bibliography  of  the  principal  \vorks  published  in 
Europe  and  America,  and  finally  a  glossary.  On  the  whole 
a  very  readable  book  for  any  nature  student. 

Entomologica  Americana.  Published  by  the  Brooklyn 
Entomological  Society.  Once  more  takes  its  place  among 
our  current  journals.  The  publication  will  be  issued  in 
four  numbers  a  year,  and  will  average  approximately  50-60 
pages  to  a  number.  Each  number  will  carry  one  paper  such 
as  monographs,  synopses  of  smaller  groups,  biological 
studies,  morphology,  embryology,  revisions  and  other 
lengthy  productions.  The  annual  subscription  price  is  set  at 
$4.00  a  volume. 

Entomological  collections.  In  Supplementa  Entomol- 
ogica, Nr.  12,  133  pp.  Dr.  Walther  Horn  has  an  extensive 
paper  entitled  "Ueber  den  Verleib  der  entomologischen 
Sammlungen  der  Welt  (ein  Beitrag  zur  Geschichte  der 
Entomo-Museologie).  This  work  should  be  found  useful 
by  entomologists.  The  collections  are  listed  alphabetically 
under  their  original  owners,  with  present  locations  given. 

The  Fauna  of  British  India.  A  volume  of  this  lainou- 
work  on  coleoptera  treats  of  the  subfamilies  Chrysomelinae 


280  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Oct.,    '26 

and  Halticinae  of  the  Chrysomelidae.  By  S.  Maulik,  442 
pp.,  map  of  India. 

Proceedings  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Ent.  Society.  Vol.  2,  No. 
4,  pp.  47-66.  This  number  records  the  minutes  of  the  95th 
to  99th  meetings,  and  the  students  of  the  coleoptera  will 
find  some  interesting  notes  therein,  especially  on  the  Meloi- 
dae,  Hydrophilidae  and  Tenebrionidae.  Also  on  forest  in- 
sects. 

Ticks;  a  monograph  of  the  Ixodoidea.  By  G.  H.  F.  Nut- 
tall  and  C.  Warburton.  Part  3  of  this  work  treats  of  the 
genus  Haemaphysalis,  contained  in  pages  349-550  of  Vol.  I. 
Part  4  treats  of  the  genus  Amblyomma  by  L.  E.  Robinson  and 
commencing  Vol.  II,  302  pp.  These  parts  contain  some  new 
species  from  S.  America. 

The  Zoocecidia  of  the  Netherlands  East  Indies.  By  Mrs. 
J.  and  Dr.  W.  M.  Doctors  van  Leeuwen.  This  comprehensive 
work  of  601  pages  and  numerous  illustrations  will  probably 
prove  useful  to  any  student  of  insect  galls. 

It  is  so  much  easier  and  more  satisfactory  to  list  titles 
which  include  the  order  and  family  treated,  that  we  recommend 
all  authors  to  indicate  such  when  ever  possible. 


OBITUARY. 

The  Abbe  JEAN  JACQUES  KIEFFER  died  December  30,  1925, 
at  Bitche  (Moselle)  in  his  69th  year.  For  many  years  he  was 
on  the  teaching  staff  of  the  Saint-Augustin  College  at  Bitche, 
Lorraine.  His  published  papers,  from  1884  on,  deal  with  the 
flora  and  fauna  of  that  province,  including  Neuroptera  and 
gall-forming  insects  of  several  orders,  with  gall-making  Dip- 
tera  and  Hymenoptera  and,  in  most  recent  years,  with  Chirono- 
midae  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  An  obituary  notice  by  F. 
W.  Edwards  is  in  the  Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine  for 
February,  1926;  a  list  of  his  papers  from  1884  to  1900  is  in 
vol.  XVI  of  the  Royal  Society's  Catalogue  of  Scientific  Papers. 
His  article  on  the  Cecidomyiidae,  in  Wytsman's  Genera  Insec- 
toruni,  was  reviewed  at  some  length  in  the  NEWS  for  April, 
1914  (vol.  xxv :  185-188)  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt.  His  voluminous 
monograph  of  the  proctotrupoid  (Hymenopterous)  family 
Scelionidae,'  of  nearly  900  pages,  forming  lieferung  48  of  the 
encyclopedic  series,  Das  Tierreich,  has  been  published,  March, 
1926,  since  his  death. 


Subscriptions  for  1927  may  be  Paid  Now 

NOVEMBER,   1926 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVII  No.  9 


JAMI  s  RIDINGS 
11803-- 1860- 


CONTENTS 

Gunder — Butterfly  Collections  in  Book  Style 281 

Allen — Observations  upon  the  Early  Maggot  Stage  of  Linnaemyia  comta 

Fall.  (Diptera:  Tachinidae) 283 

Harris — Notes  on  Some  American  Nabidae  (Hemiptera) 287 

Champlain  and  Kirk — Bait  Pan  Insects 288 

Alexander — Undescribed -Species  of  Crane-fli'es  from  the  Eastern  United 

States  and  Canada  (Dipt.  :  Tipulidae).     Part  III 291 

Weiss — Insects  as  Litigants 297 

Curran — Co  ncern  ing  the  Genus  Chalcomyia  Williston  (Syrphidae,  Dipt.)  299 
Howard — The  People  are  becoming  Better — Especially  the  Entomolo- 
gists (as  Editorial) 300 

New  Prize  Fund  of  the  Entomological  .Society  of  France 301 

Changes  of  Addresses 301 

Basinger— Th-inaos  clitus  (Lepid. :   Hesperiidae)  in  California  ...  301 

Entomological  Literature -. 3n'_' 

Review — Bering's  Biologic  der  Schmetterlinge ;in!i 

Obituary— Fernand  Meunier 312 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 
Entomological  Society. 

Philip   P.   Calyert,    Ph.D.,   Editor;    E.   T.   Cresson,   Jr.,   Associate 
Editor;  Henry  Skinner,  M.D.,  Sc.D.,  Editor  Emeritus. 

Advisory  Committee:    Ezra  T.  Cresson,   Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G. 
Rehn. 

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SUBSCRIPTIONS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  All  remittances,  and 
communications  regarding  subscriptions,  non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of 
reprints,  and  requests  for  sample  copies,  should  be  addressed  to  Entomo- 
logical News,  1900  Race  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
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MANUSCRIPTS.  Address  all  other  communications  to  the  editor,  Dr. 
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TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors  when  requested.  Twenty-five 
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copies  are  desired  this  should  be  stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will 
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STATED  MEETINGS 

Of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held  at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M., 
on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June,  July,  August, 
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solicited;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 


The  printer  of  the  NEWS  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
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•f  copies  will  He  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rate*. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  XI. 


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O 

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3) 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XXXVII  NOVEMBER,  1926  No.  9 


Butterfly  Collections  in  Book  Style. 

By  J.  D.  GUXDER.  Pasadena,  California. 
(Plate  XI). 

Most  collectors  mount  their  butterflies  on  pins  and  keep 
the  assembled  species  in  cabinet  drawers  of  one  sort  or  another. 
This  undoubtedly  is  the  best  way  where  only  a  short  series  is 
desired  in  a  general  collection  and  where  a  vast  field  is  covered 
or  represented.  It  is  also  better  because  the  specimens  can  be 
picked  up  at  will  for  examination  and  their  position  in  boxes 
changed  about  as  is  necessary. 

On  the  Pacific  Coast  during  the  last  few  years,  there  has 
been  a  tendency  among  collectors  to  mount  their  specimens 
under  glass  or  cotton  without  the  use  of  pins.  This  manner 
of  preserving  a  collection  is  well  suited  where  a  restricted 
territory  is  represented,  such  as  the  confines  of  California  or 
the  Pacific  Coast,  for  example. 

Three  of  these  collection  'methods  are  shown  on  the 
accompanying  Plate  XI.  They  are  really  butterfly  collections 
put  up  in  books  !  Each  book  holds  a  single  species  in  long 
series  in  both  sexes  from  the  largest  to  the  smallest  and  from 
the  lightest  to  the  darkest  in  different  variation.  These  books 
or  placks,  as  they  are  called,  can  be  kept  upright  on  a  library 
shelf ;  can  be  stacked  up  and  handled  or  even  dropped  without 
real  harm  to  the  specimens,  and  being  sealed,  are  pest  proof. 
The  cost  of  the  glass,  cardboard,  cloth,  etc.,  is  not  excessive  and 
if  one  is  adept  at  binding,  they  can  be  home-made  at  a  sur- 
prisingly reasonable  price.  The  cost  of  a  collection  put  up  in  this 
way  is  no  greater  than  a  good  insect  cabinet  with  glass  drawers 
and  the  occupied  space  not  nearly  so  large.  Another  advantage 
is  that  one  can  pack  the  books  around  and  exhibit  the  specimens 
in  a  crowd  without  fear  that  they  will  become  damaged. 

Style  No.  1  represents  a  book  of  Dryas  calliope  IMv.  from  the 
collection  of  Mr.  Charles  Ingham  of  Los  Angeles.  No  cotton 

281 


282  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

is  used,  but  the  specimens  are  supported  between  beveled  glass 
panels  and  both  upper  and  under  sides  may  be  examined.  Space 
for  original  description  is  found  on  the  inside  front  cover  and 
the  inside  back  cover  records  date  and  locality  for  each  speci- 
men. The  binding  is  in  brown  leather,  hand-imbossed  in  gold 
with  "Butterflies  of  California"  and  check  list  number.  Speci- 
mens may  be  easily  removed  by  an  ingenious  idea  which  Mr. 
Ingham  has  conceived.  The  complete  glass  container  fastens 
to  the  outer  cover  with  auto  snaps. 

No.  2  shows  the  style  adopted  by  the  Author.  The  butter- 
flies shown  are  Glaucopsyohc  .vcrccs  Bdv.,  a  Plebine  found 
around  San  Francisco.  Males  are  in  the  first  two  rows  to  the 
left  and  females,  the  two  rows  to  the  right.  The  specimens  rest 
on  white  jewelers'  cotton  in  a  central  cardboard  container 
which  can  be  removed  from  the  outer  cover  parts,  thus  giving 
ready  access  for  examination.  Contiguous  to  the  specimens 
under  the  white  name  card  at  the  bottom  is  a  space  for  para- 
cide  which  can  be  refilled  from  the  rear.  Each  butterfly  is 
located  by  a  number  which  corresponds  with  a  record  on  the 
inside  cover.  There  is  also  data  room  for  special  notes.  Be- 
fore being  placed  inside,  all  the§  specimens  are  de-greased  with 
high  test  gasoline  and  afterwards  subjected  to  a  half  hour  of 
moderate  oven  heat  to  kill  possible  infection.  The  book  meas- 
ures 1  inch  by  6  by  15  inches  and  are  in  black  leatherette. 

No.  3  pictures  the  style  of  mounting  used  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Corn- 
stock,  of  Los  Angeles,  for  preserving  his  reference  collection. 
The  butterflies  shown  are  Euphydryas  quino  Behr.  The  males 
are  in  the  left  compartment  of  the  book  and  the  females  in  the 
right.  Complete  data  labels  are  under  each  specimen.  This 
manner  of  arrangement  is  unique  and  the  double  compartment 
idea  in  each  book  allows  plenty  of  room  for  long  series.  Each 
plack  is  fastened  to  the  outer  cover  with  a  strong  cloth  hinge. 
The  outer  binding  is  in  green  sack  cloth  and  the  species  name 
and  check  list  number  are  given  on  the  front  edge. 

All  the  above  described  book  placks  are  privately  made  and 
are  not  offered  for  sale. 


XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  283 

Observations  upon  the  Early  Maggot  Stage  of  Lin- 
naemyia  comta  Fall.  (Diptera:  Tachinidae).1 

By  H.  W.  ALLEX. 

A  study  of  the  literature  indicates  that  Liiuwcin\ia  comta  is 
widely  distributed  over  Europe,  and  in  North  America  from 
southern  Canada  to  the  Central  American  countries.  Within 
this  wide  range  it  appears  to  be  not  uncommon  but  has  rarely 
been  reported  in  conspicuous  numbers.  It  has  been  found  to 
be  parasitic  upon  a  number  of  Noctuid  larvae  living-  in  herbace- 
ous vegetation  and  having  a  more  or  less  clandestine  habit  of 
life;  including  the  greasy  cutworm  (Agrotis  ypsilon  Roll.), 
the  dark-sided  cutworm  (Eii.roa  messoria  Harr.)  (3),  the 
granulate  cutworm  (Fcltia  aniic.ra  Treit. )  (5),  the  variegated 
cutworm  (Lycophotia  margaritosa  Hueb.)  (4),  the  pale  west- 
ern cutworm  (Porosagrotis  orthogonia  Morr. )  (6),  and  the 
fall  armyworm  (Lapliygnia  frugipcrda  S.  &  A.)  ( 1  )  in  North 
America,  and  it  has  been  reared  from  Satnrnia  pavonica  L.  in 
Europe  (2).  Seamans  (6)  has  reported  that  comta  and  Gonia 
capitata  are  quite  effective  controls  of  the  pale  western  cut- 
worm during  the  wet  seasons,  and  reasons  that  the  greater 
effectiveness  at  such  times  is  not  due  to  a  greater  abundance  of 
parasites  but  rather  to  what  he  terms  the  leaf  "ovipositing"  hab- 
its of  these  two  parasites  coupled  with  the  tendency  of  the  host 
to  feed  more  on  the  exposed  foliage  in  the  wet,  cloudy  weather. 
While  his  deductions  appear  well  grounded,  he  seems  not  to 
have  observed  the  great  difference  in  the  reproductive  habits 
of  the  two  species  concerned,  and  the  fact  that  comta  is  a 
larvipositing  form  with  a  different  method  of  spanning  the 
gap  between  adult  and  host. 

The  adult  females  were  moderately  abundant  at  Agricul- 
tural and  Mechanical  College,  Mississippi,  during  the  spring 
of  1925.  Several  were  captured  and  caged  with  suitable  food 
and  foliage.  These  adults  deposited  maggots  on  the  foliage 
quite  freely.  Since  larviposition  upon  foliage  is  the  normal 
habit  of  the  Ilchiiunnyia  group  to  which  this  species  has  been 

]A     contribution      from     the     Mississippi     Agricultural     Experiment 
Station,   A.  and  M.  College,  Mississippi. 


284 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Nov.,  '26 


assigned,  it  is  believed  that  the  activity  of  the  caged  indi- 
viduals closely  approached  that  of  free  individuals  in  the  field. 
Smooth  vetch  was  the  only  foliage  exposed  in  the  cage.  Mag- 
gots were  deposited  on  all  parts  of  this,  but  by  far  the  largest 
number  were  attached  to  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves, 
comparatively  few  being  placed  on  the  stems.  The  presence 
of  host  caterpillars  within  the  cage  was  not  necessary  to  stim- 
ulate the  female  to  larviposition. 

The  black,  free-living  maggots  were  approximately  0.8  mm. 


FIG.  i. 

Two    free    living    maggots    of    Linnacmyia    cotnta    Fall    in    characteristic    upright 
position   on   a   leaf   of   vetch. 

in  length,  and  at  first  sight  appeared  like  minute  particles  of 
buoyant  black  soot  oscillating  in  the  air  currents  passing  over 


XXXVli,    '26  J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  285 

the  surface  of  the  foliage  to  which  they  were  attached.  The 
attachment  to  the  substratum  was  by  means  of  a  small  mem- 
branous cup  in  which  the  extreme  posterior  end  of  the  maggot 
was  seated.  When  at  rest,  they  did  not  lie  closely  appressed 
to  the  substratum,  as  in  the  case  of  some  related  species,  but 
assumed  a  position  nearly  perpendicular  to  it  ( fig-.  1 ) .  In 
this  position  the  head  is  retracted  and  the  whole  body  fore- 
shortened and  more  or  less  clavate,  differing  characteristically 
from  the  fusiform  shape  of  many  young  Tachinid  maggots. 
The  conspicuous  black  color  of  the  maggot  is  due  to  its  cover- 
ing of  numerous  cuticular  plates  arranged  in  a  mosaic.  These 
undoubtedly  serve  to  protect  the  maggot  from  unfavorable 
atmospheric  conditions,  since  the  free-living  maggots  remain 
alive  on  the  substratum  for  several  days.  The  free-living  mag- 
got was  found  to  be  extremely  sensitive  to  vibrations  of  the 
substratum,  and  became  highly  excited  when  disturbed,  swing- 
ing its  head  about  in  wide  circles.  It  forsook  the  basal  mem- 
brane much  more  readily  than  in  some  related  species,  and 
crawled  rapidly  about  over  the  substratum  for  some  seconds, 
as  if  seeking  the  host,  but  finally  coming  to  rest  once  more  in 
the  characteristic  upright  position.  The  maggots  attached 
themselves  quite  readily  to  armyworms  and  variegated  cut- 
worms when  they  were  placed  within  striking  distance. 

After  attaching  themselves,  the  maggots  crawled  over  the 
body  of  the  host  for  a  period  varying  from  a  few  seconds 
to  several  minutes,  finally  coming  to  rest  on  the  spot  selected 
for  penetration.  Penetration  was  usually  effected  through  the 
dorsum  of  the  first  abdominal  segment,  or  of  the  preceding 
or  following  segments,  occasionally  occurring  elsewhere  on  the 
body  though!  rarely  through  the  venter.  The  act  of  boring 
through  the  cuticula  of  the  host  was  accomplished  with  star- 
tling rapidity,  the  time  required  for  penetration,  as  observed 
for  several  maggots  on  the  variegated  cutworm,  varied  from 
less  than  a  minute  to  five  minutes.  Penetration  was  directly 
downward  into  the  body  of  the  host  through  both  cuticula  and 
hypodermal  layer.  Caterpillars  in  the  last  three  instnrs  were 
offered  to  the  maggots.  All  were  attacked  and  penetrated  with 
equal  avidity  and  ease.  The  entrance  punctures  of  the 


286  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

gots  did  not  close  behind  them  as  in  some  species  but  were 
maintained  as  primary  breathing  pores,  at  least  throughout  the 
instar  of  the  host  in  which  penetration  was  effected,  and  the 
succeeding  instar.  In  the  single  specimen  completing  the  de- 
velopment under  observation,  the  maggot  emerged  from  the 
caterpillar  in  its  last  instar,  pupating  outside  the  body  of  its 
host. 

While  comta  adults  were  present  in  moderate  numbers  over 
a  mixed  infestation  of  armyworm  and  variegated  cutworm,  no 
specimens  of  this  species  were  reared  from  the  somewhat  lim- 
ited collections  of  these  two  pests  made  in  the  field.  Notwith- 
standing the  fact  that  free-living  maggots  penetrated  these 
hosts  most  readily,  in  insectary  experiments,  only  one  specimen, 
which  was  inoculated  into  an  armyworm,  came  through  to 
maturity.  Of  16  caterpillars  of  the  variegated  cutworm  into 
which  maggots  penetrated,  only  2  were  able  to  pass  through  to 
normal  emergence  of  adult  moth,  the  remaining  14  perishing, 
though  not  in  a  single  case  permitting  the  maturing  of  the  para- 
site. It  is  quite  possible  that  a  similar  condition  may  exist  in  the 
field.  In  such  a  case,  the  work  of  the  parasite  might  be  of 
considerable  importance,  yet  would  almost  certainly  be  largely 
overlooked  in  field  observations  or  even  in  the  usual  insectary 
routine  in  which  the  rate  of  parasitism  is  based  on  the  number 
of  hosts  producing  mature  parasites,  and  may  explain,  in  part, 
the  paucity  of  rearing  records  for  this  species. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

(1)  ALDRICH,  J.  M.     1915.     Results  of  Twenty-five  Years 
Collecting  in  Tachinidae.     Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.  vol.  8.  p.  83. 

(2)  BAER,  W.      1921.     Die  Tachinen  als   Schmarotzer  der 
Schadlichen  Insekten,  p.  97. 

(3)  COQUILLETT,  D.  W.     1897.    Revision  of  the  Tachinidae 
of  America  North  of  Mexico.     U.  S.  Bur.  Ent.,  Tech.  Ser. 
Bull.  7,  p.  18. 

(4)  GILLETTE,  C.  P.  and  LIST,  G.  M.     1920.     llth  Ann. 
Rept.  State  Ent.  of  Col.  p.  18. 

(5)  JONES,  T.  H.    1918.    Miscellaneous  Truck  Crop  Insects. 
U.  S.  D.  A.  Bull.  703  p.  12. 

(6)  SEAMANS,  H.  L.     1923.     Forecasting  Outbreaks  of  the 
Pale  Western  Cutworm  in  Alberta.    Can.  Ent.  vol.  55,  p.  51. 


xxxvii,  '26J  K. \TOMOLOGICAL  \E\vs  287 

Notes  on  Some  American  Nabidae  (Hemiptera).* 

By  HALBERT  M.  HARRIS. 

Nabis  vanduzeei  Kirkaldy,  Wien.   Ent.  Zeit,  XX,   1901,  p. 
223. 

Renter  (Mem.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  XV,  p.  Ill,  1908)  expressed 
the  opinion  that  this  form  is  nothing  more  than  a  variety  of 
N.  ftqvomarginatus  Scholtz.  He  pointed  out  that  it  differed 
from  flavomarginatus  in  general  body  form  and  in  color.  He 
further  said  (erroneously)  that  the  male  claspers  of  the  two 
are  of  the  same  type,  and  this  apparently  is  the  character  which 
led  him  to  consider  the  two  as  conspecific.  However,  after 
having  examined  specimens  of  vanduzeei,  brachypterous  males 
and  females  and  macropterous  females,  in  series  from  Colorado 
and  Montana,  and  specimens  of  flavomarginatus  from  England, 
Russia  and  Finland — including  specimens  of  both  forms  bear- 
ing Renter's  determination  labels — the  writer  is  led  to  consider 
the  two  forms  as  specifically  distinct.  This  view  is  based  not 
only  on  those  differences  as  noted  by  Reuter  but  also  on  dif- 
ferences in  the  character  of  the  male  claspers  apparently  over- 
looked by  him.  In  flavomarginatus  the  clasper  possesses  on  the 
outer  surface  of  its  blade  a  prominent  backwardly  projecting 
hook,  a  structure  that  is  not  present  in  vanduzeei.  This  hook, 
present  in  only  one  other  North  American  species,  Nabis  sub- 
coleoptratns  Kirby,  and  there  in  a  much  less  prominent  degree, 
is  perhaps  of  even  greater  specific  value  than  the  mere  outline 
of  the  claspers. 

Pagasa  fusca  var.  nigripes,  new  variety. 

Structure  similar  to  typical  fusca  from  which  it  may  readily 
be  separated  by  the  deeper  glistening  black  color  of  the  dorsum 
and  by  having  black  legs. 

Holotypc:  Brachypterous  male,  Pingree  Park,  Colorado, 
August,  1925,  C.  J.  Drake,  collector.  Allotype,  same  data  as 
type.  Paratypes,  brachypterous  males  and  females  taken  with 
the  types  by  C.  J.  Drake,  R.  H.  Beamer  and  P.  B.  Lawson. 
The  types'  are  deposited  in  the  author's  collection,  paratypes 
in  the  collections  of  the  author,  Dr.  C.  J.  Drake,  University  of 
Kansas  and  Colorado  Agricultural  College. 

*Contribution  from  the  Department  of  Zoology  and  Entomology. 
Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 


288  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

Bait  Pan  Insects. 

By  A.  B.  CHAMPLAIN  and  H.  B.  KIRK,  Harrisburg, 

Pennsylvania.* 

The  use  of  bait  pans  of  fermented  syrups  to  check  up  on 
the  activities  of  the  oriental  fruit  moth  has  resulted  in  the 
accumulation  of  data  on  a  number  of  other  insects  that  were 
attracted  by  these  substances. 

Two  quart  pans,  filled  with  molasses  and  water,  including 
yeast  enough  to  quickly  start  fermentation,  were  hung  upon 
alternate  trees  throughout  the  peach  orchard.  The  pans,  after 
a  time,  contained  baits  of  varying  proportions  and  a  difference 
in  the  comparative  values  of  the  different  concentrations  was 
noted,  but  all  worked  fairly  well.  The  bait  with  a  watery  con- 
sistency gave  better  results  than  the  thicker  mixture. 

This  is  offered  as  a  suggestion  for  a  unique  method  of 
trapping  insects,  especially  beetles,  many  interesting  species 
being  attracted  to  these  fermented  syrups  that  are  not  often 
taken  in  numbers  under  ordinary  collecting  conditions. 

Moths  and  butterflies  were  very  much  in  evidence,  but  no 
attempt  was  made  to  identify  or  check  up  on  them  with  the 
exception  of  the  oriental  fruit  moth  and  several  other  economic 
species  for  comparison,  and  they  will  not  be  considered  in  this 
paper.  Adult  peach  tree  borers  were  found  in  the  pans  from 
June  19  until  August  24,  and  by  far  the  greater  majority  were 
•  males. 

Adult  males  of  the  Sialid,  Chauliodes  pcctinicornis  Linn., 
were  taken  in  numbers  in  the  bait  pans  from  June  llth  con- 
tinuously until  August  6th.  During  this  period  but  one  female 
was  taken  (July  6).  It  is  stated  in  the  New  York  State 
Museum  Bulletin  No.  68,  Aquatic  Insects  of  Nczv  York  State, 
page  457,  that  the  adults  have  not  been  known  to  take  food 
but  it  is  evident  from  these  observations  that  they  are  attracted 
to  fermenting  syrups.  As  many  as  ten  males  have  been  taken 
from  one  pan.  The  streams  in  which  these  insects  breed  are 
between  one-eighth  and  one-quarter  of  a  mile  distant. 

Lace-wing  flies,  adults  of   Chrysopa  sp.,  were  taken  in  the 

*Received   for  publication  January  28,  1926 — EDITOR. 


xxxvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  289 

pans  from  June  22  until  August  12  continuously.     Sexes  not 
noted. 

Very  few  examples  of  Orthopterous  and  Hemipterous  insects 
were  taken,  and  they  were  considered  as  accidental  introduc- 
tions. 

In  the  Coleoptera  a  great  variety  of  material  was  taken  and 
a  number  of  families  were  represented  by  certain  characteristic 
groups  of  genera  and  species. 

Carabidae  were  taken  at  intervals  during  the  summer  and  it 
is  likely  that  many  of  them  were  accidental  or  attracted  by 
other  insects.  Among  them  were  included  Calosonut  scrutator 
Lee.  and  C.  caliduni  Fab.,  Galcrita  and  a  number  of  smaller 
forms. 

Several  specimens  of  Necrophorus  and  SilpJia  siiriinnnciisis 
were  taken,  representing  the  Silphidae. 

Neopyrochroa  flabclhita  Fab.  was  taken  a  number  of  times 
during  July  and  one  specimen  of  N.  fcnwralis  Lee.,  of  the 
Pyrochroidae. 

Elateridae  were  represented  by  a  few  genera  in  great  num- 
bers and  a  few  individuals  of  other  genera.  Alans  oculatns 
(  L. )  June  6,  16,  19;  Monocrepidius  Hindus  (DeG.)  occurred 
continuously  in  considerable  numbers  from  July  5  to  August 
12;  Liinonins  sp.,  June  19  until  July  25 ;  Ludius  hieraglyphicus 
(Say)  one  specimen  August  6;  Hemicrepidius  memnonius 
Hbst.,  July  15  until  August  10;  ParallchstctJius  attctntatus 
(Say),  July  6,  15,  20  and  28;  Mclanotns  sp.  occurred  in  great 
numbers  throughout  the  season  from  June  16  until  August  12. 

Scarabaeidae  were  scarce  with  the  exception  of  one  genus— 
Euphoria;  our  common  species,  Euphoria  fulgida  (Fab.),  was 
very  plentiful  in  the  pans  from  June  16  until  August  12,  and 
E.  inda  Linn,  from  August  6  until  September  28.  There  were 
as  many  as  one  dozen  of  the  latter  taken  in  one  pan  during  the 
last  part  of  the  season. 

Cerambycidae  were  well  represented  and  it  is  likely  that, 
werU  the  pans  placed  in  more  favorable  locations  for  forest 
insects,  the  catch  would  have  been  considerably  greater. 

Chion  cinctus  ( Drury )  was  taken  June  16;  and  l-'.huria  </m/./- 
rl^cmuiata  (Say),  July  10  and  August  12. 


290  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

Two  species  of  the  Elaphidionini  were  taken  in  great  num- 
bers during  the  summer  season  and  it  is  a  curious  fact  that  the 
great  majority  of  the  specimens  were  males.  Hypcrtnallus  znl- 
losus  (Fab.),  June  11  continuously  until  Aug.  10;  and  Elaphi- 
dlon  mucronatum  (Say),  June  16  continuously  until  August  12. 

Of  the  Lcpturini,  Gaurotes  cyanipennis  ( Say )  was  taken 
June  19  and  July  1;  Strangalcpta  vittata  (Oliv. ),  June  22; 
Strophiona  nitcns  (Forst. ),  July  3  and  15;  Typoccnts  velutina 
(Oliv.),  July  15  to  30;  Ophistomis  luteicornis  (Fab.),  June  22 
to  July  25,  continuously. 

Cyllcne  robiniae  (Forst.)  taken  October  23;  Arhopalus  ful- 
ininans  (Fab.),  June  19  to  23  ;  Xylotrechus  acwninatus  (Fab. ) 
several  on  June  22. 

Purpuriccnus  humcralis  ( Fab. ) ,  a  species  not  commonly 
taken  in  numbers  under  ordinary  collecting  conditions,  was 
plentiful  from  June  19th  continuously  until  August  10.  The 
greater  number  of  individuals  were  males.  The  rare  species, 
P.  a.villaris  Hald,  was  taken  from  July  1  to  13 — a  number  of 
fine  specimens  in  perfect  condition,  both  sexes.  Leptostylus 
acullfer  ( Say ) ,  June  22. 

It  is  quite  likely  that  a  trap  line  of  these  pans  scattered 
throughout  a  forest  area  would  yield  some  wonderful  returns 
in  rare  and  interesting  species  of  Cerambycidae,  and  no  doubt 
some  new  facts  might  be  discovered  concerning  the  feeding 
habits  of  these  interesting  insects.  Why  the  preponderance  of 
males  in  so  many  instances?  What  condition  of  the  fer- 
mented mixture  contains  the  attractive  agent,  and  just  what  is 
this  substance? 

Hymenopterous  insects  were  plentiful  in  the  syrup,  which 
was  to  be  expected.  Quite  a  variety  of  Ichneumonoids  were 
observed  and  a  number  of  other  families  represented.  The 
most  prevalent  were  hornets.  Common  Yellow  Jackets  ( ]'"cspa 
sp.)  were  taken  continuously  from  June  1  until  August  26. 
Vespa  maculata  occurred  in  the  pans  from  Jtme  19  until  August 
12.  SpJiccius  speciosus  was  taken  July  28,  August  4,  6,  12. 
Polistes  sp.  occurred  from  June  22  until  August  26. 

Very  few  honey  bees  were  found  in  the  pans,  the  only  obser- 


xxxvii,  '26]  K.\TH.M<>i.o<;ir.\i.  XFAVS  291 

vations   July   6,    13,    15.      Bumble   bees   were   taken   plentifully 
from  July  3  continuously  until  August  4. 

Of  the  Diptera,  there  were  a  great  number  of  small  speeies 
that  were  not  studied.  One  interesting  observation  was  the 
presence  of  male  Tabanits,  especially  T.  atratns  which  occurred 
continuously  from  June  16  until  July  23. 


Undescribed  Species  of  Crane-flies  from  the  Eastern 
United  States  and  Canada  (Dipt. :  Tipulidaej. 

Part  III. 

By  CHARLES  P.  ALEXANDER,  Massachusetts  Agricultural 
College,   Amherst,   Massachusetts. 

In  this  installment,  a  few  species  of  the  genus  Tipnla  are 
considered,  most  of  them  belonging  to  the  so-called  tricolor 
group.  As  before,  the  majority  of  the  specimens  were  in- 
cluded in  collections  received  from  Professor  J.  Speed  Rogers, 
collected  by  himself  and  Air.  Hubbell.  One  other  specimen 
was  sent  by  Mr.  Curran  and  another  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Johnson. 
My  sincere  thanks  are  extended  to  the  above  gentlemen  for 
this  co-operation. 

Tipula  brevifurcata  sp.  n. 

Allied  to  T.  iroquois  Alexander ;  vertical  tubercle  produced 
into  a  small  elevated  dusky  knob;  lateral  praescutal  stripes 
entire ;  median  stripe  split  by  a  capillary  dark  brown  vitta ; 
male  hypopygium  with  the  ninth  tergite  large,  the  distal  end 
narrowed  into  a  median  decurved  lobe  that  is  split  at  apex, 
into  two  short  divergent  points. 

c?.  Length  about  12  mm.;  wing  15.5  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  relatively  elongate,  pale  brown, 
very  sparsely  pruinose  ;  nasus  short  and  blunt ;  palpi  brownish 
black.  Antennae  with  the  scapal  segments  yellow  ;  tlagellum 
black,  the  extreme  bases  of  the  first  few  segments  vaguely 
paler;  antennae  of  moderate  length,  if  bent  backward  extend- 
ing about  to  the  root  of  the  halteres ;  flagellar  segments  only 
moderately  incised.  Head  gray,  the  vertical  tubercle  produced 
into  a  small  elevated  dusky  knob. 

Pronotum  obscure  yellow.  Mesonotal  pracscutum  huffy 
gray,  with  three  brown  stripes,  the  lateral  stripes  entire,  the 
median  stripe  obliterated  anteriorly,  becoming  evident  at  about 


292  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Nov.,  '26 

opposite  the  cephalic  ends  of  the  lateral  stripes,  narrowly  mar- 
gined with  darker  brown  and  split  for  its  whole  length  by  a 
capillary  dark  brown  median  vitta ;  scutum  buffy,  each  lobe 
virtually  covered  by  two  confluent  brown  marks ;  scutellum 
testaceous ;  postnotal  mecliotergite  pale  whitish  gray.  Pleura 
pale,  covered  with  a  dense  white  bloom.  Halteres  pale,  the 
knobs  inf uscated.  Legs  with  the  coxae  pale,  sparsely  pruinose ; 
trochanters  obscure  yellow ;  femora  yellow  basally,  passing  into 
dark  brown  near  midlength ;  remainder  of  legs  brownish  black ; 
legs  very  long  and  slender,  the  tibiae  longer  than  the  femora, 
the  tarsi  exceeding  the  tibiae.  Wings  tinged  with  brownish 
yellow,  the  base  and  costal  region  clearer  yellow ;  stigma  dark 
brown;  wing-apex  distinctly  suffused  with  brown;  vein  €HI 
and  ni-cii  seamed  with  brown ;  narrow  brown  seams  along  the 
cord ;  vein  2nd  A  narrowly  seamed  with  darker ;  veins  dark 
brown,  those  in  the  costal  region  paler.  Venation :,  Cell  R% 
large,  the  veins  enclosing  it  diverging;  petiole  of  cell  MI  about 
twice  in;  basal  deflection  of  M^-\->2  relatively  long. 

Abdominal  tergites  brownish  yellow,  the  outer  segments 
becoming  darker ;  tergites  five  to  seven  narrowly  ringed 
caudally  with  paler ;  lateral  margins  of  the  tergites  broadly 
yellowish;  ninth  tergite  uniformly  darkened;  sternites  obscure 
yellow,  the  basal  segments  variegated  with  darker.  Male  hypo- 
pygium  of  moderate  size,  the  tergite  distinctly  separated  from 
the  sternite  by  a,  suture  that  extends  back  to  beneath  the 
eighth  segment.  Ninth  tergite  very  large,  the  basal  portion 
arched,  the  apical  portion  suddenly  narrowed  into  a  median 
decurved  blackened  lobe,  its  apex  split  into  two  short  divergent 
points.  Basistyle  large  but  the  sutures  separating  it  from  the 
sternite  almost  obliterated.  Outer  dististyle  relatively  long  and 
narrow,  obscure  yellow,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  obtuse  apex. 
Inner  dististyle  appearing  as  a  heavily  blackened,  shiny,  hook- 
like  spine.  Dorso-caudal  angle  of  the  median  region  of  the 
ninth  sternite  produced  into  a  small  straight  subchitinized  rod. 
Aedeagus  elongate,  projecting  conspicuously  from  the  genital 
chamber. 

Habitat.— Tennessee.    Holotypc:  3,  Scott  Co.,  May  30,  1922 
(J.  S.  Rogers);  No.  6. 
Type  returned  to  Professor  Rogers. 

Tipula  floridensis  sp.  n. 

Belongs  to  the  tricolor  group ;  closely  allied  to  T.  fratcrna 
Loew ;  size  large ;  wing-apex  entirely  darkened  ;  whitish  fascia 
at  the  cord  not  entirely  traversing  the  wing ;  male  hypopygium 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  293 

with  the  lobe  of  the  ninth  tergite  elongate,  subrectangular 
in  outline;  outer  dististyle  with  the  setae  sparse  and  incon- 
spicuous. 

<$.  Length  about  15  mm.;  wing  18  mm.  $.  Length  about 
20  mm. ;  wing  19  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  the  head  obscure  yellow,  the  con- 
colorous  nasus  long  and  slender  ;  palpi  brown.  Antennae  of 
moderate  length,  in  male,  if  bent  backward,  extending  about 
to  the  base  of  the  abdomen ;  basal  segment  dark  brown,  sparsely 
pruinose ;  second  segment  a  little  paler  ;  flagellar  segments  bi- 
colorous,  the  base  of  each  dark  brown,  the  long-  pedicel  yellow, 
this  latter  color  becoming  darker  on  the  outer  segments  which 
thus  become  more  uniformly  infuscated.  Head  dark  gray, 
the  anterior  vertex  paler.  In  the  female,  the  antennae  arc- 
shorter  ;  head  with  a  capillary  brown  median  vitta. 

Mesonotal  praescutum  brownish  gray  with  three  brown 
stripes,  all  of  the  latter  indistinctly  bordered  with  darker,  the 
median  stripe  further  split  by  a  capillary  brownish  black  vitta 
that  becomes  obsolete  before  the  suture ;  scutum  brownish 
gray,  each  lobe  with  two  darker  brown  areas ;  scutellum  paler 
brownish  gray ;  postnotal  mediotergite  light  gray  pruinose. 
Pleura  clear  light  gray,  the  dorso-pleural  membrane  obscure 
yellow.  Halteres  pale  brown,  the  extreme  base  of  the  stem 
paler,  the  knobs  darker.  Legs  with  the  coxae  pale,  pruinose ; 
a  brown  spot  at  base  of  fore  coxa ;  trochanters  obscure  testace- 
ous yellow ;  femora  brownish  yellow,  the  tips  narrowly  and 
vaguely  darkened  ;  tibiae  obscure  brownish  yellow,  darkening 
outwardly ;  tarsi  similar,  the  terminal  segments  uniformly 
brownish  black.  Wings  dark  "brown,  this  color  including  the 
entire  wing-apex  ;  proximal  end  of  stigma  yellow,  the  distal 
end  dark  brown ;  cells  M,  Cu  and  the  Anal  cells  largely  pale, 
the  outer  ends  more  darkened ;  a  relatively  narrow  but  con- 
spicuous whitish  obliterative  band  crosses  the  wing  before  the 
cord,  extending  from  the  yellow  stigma  far  into  the  base  of 
cell  A/3,  the  inner  end  of  cell  1st  M2  being  included;  center 
of  cell  M±  extensively  pale ;  veins  dark  brown,  pale  in  the 
obliterative  areas.  Venation :  Basal  section  of  R->  fully  one- 
half  r;  cell  1st  M-2  relatively  long  and  narrow:  petiole  of  cell 
A/!  about  one-third  the  cell ;  cell  2nd  A  relatively  narrow. 

Abdominal  tergites  pale  yellowish  brown,  with  a  broad  dark- 
brown  sublateral  stripe,  the  ground-color  becoming  more 
pruinose  on  the  posterior  segments;  lateral  margins  of  seg- 
ments broadly  paler ;  sternites  light  brown.  Male  hypopygium 
with  the  caudal  margin  of  the  ninth  tergite  bearing  a  con- 
spicuous strongly  depressed,  subrectangular,  median  lobe,  the 


294  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

sides  gradually  narrowed  outwardly,  the  tip  truncate,  with  the 
apical  angles  rounded.  Outer  dististyle  compressed,  the  apex 
truncated,  the  surface  of  the  style  on  distal  half  with  sparse 
short  setae  that  are  more  numerous  on  the  ventral-outer  angle 
but  still  inconspicuous.  Ninth  sternite  with  a  deep  V-shaped 
notch,  the  margins  of  the  incisions  fringed  with  conspicuous 
elongate  setae  that  completely  fill  the  aperture.  Ovipositor 
with  the  tergal  valves  slender,  dark  brown. 

Habitat. — 'Florida.  Holotypc:  c?,  Gainesville,  Alachua  Co., 
March  28,  1922  (J.  S.  Rogers);  No.  28.  Allotyfc:  ?  March 
14,  1922. 

Type  returned  to  Professor  Rogers. 
Tipula  concava  sp.  n. 

Belongs  to  the  tricolor  group  ;  praescutum  with  three  brown 
stripes  that  are  narrowly  margined  with  darker  brown,  the 
median  one  further  split  by  a  capillary  dark  brown  vitta ;  wings 
brown,  longitudinally  vittate  with  whitish  subhyaline ;  cell  R5 
largely  pale ;  male  hypopygium  with  the  median  lobe  of  the 
ninth  tergite  very  broad,  its  caudal  margin  broadly  emarginate. 

d.  Length  12.5 — -13  mm. ;  wing  12 — 13.5  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  obscure  yellow,  darker  laterally, 
the  nasus  slender.  Antennae  with  the  scapal  segments  dark 
brown ;  tiagellum  bicolorous,  the  basal  segment  yellow,  the 
succeeding  segments  with  the  basal  enlargements  narrowly 
blackened,  the  remainder  yellow ;  on  the  outer  segments  the 
ground-color  passes  through  brownish  yellow  to  yellowish 
brown.  Head  grayish  brown,  narrowly  clearer  gray  on  the 
orbits,  the  center  of  the  vertex  with  a  slightly  darker  brown 
median  vitta ;  anterior  vertex  buffy. 

Pronotum  obscure  yellow,  with  three  brown  spots.  Meso- 
notal  praescutum  buffy  with  three  brown  stripes  that  are  nar- 
rowly margined  with  dark  brown,  the  median  stripe  further 
divided  by  a  capillary  vitta  of  the  same  color ;  in  some  speci- 
mens the  interspaces  are  clouded  with  darker ;  scutum  brownish 
buff,  each  lobe  with  two  contiguous  darker  brown  areas ;  scu- 
tellum  buffy  gray,  in  cases  with  a  vague  capillary  darker  line ; 
postnotal  mecliotergite  buffy  with  a  longitudinal  brownish  line 
on  either  side.  Pleura  light  gray,  vaguely  striped  longitudinally 
with  darker  gray.  Halteres  pale,  the  knobs  infuscated.  Legs 
with  the  coxae  and  trochanters  pale,  whitish  pruinose ;  femora 
obscure  yellow,  the  tips  narrowly  blackened  ;  tibiae  yellowish 
brown,  the  tips  narrowly  darker;  tarsi  uniformly  dark  brown. 
Wings  brown,  longitudinally  vittate  with  whitish  subhyaline, 


XXXvil,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  295 


the  latter  color  including  all  of  cells  R  and  M  except  the 
and  seam  along  Rs  and  most  of  the  cubital  and  anal  cells 
except  their  more  infuscated  outer  ends  ;  a  conspicuous  obliter- 
ative  area  before  the  cord,  extending  from  cell  1st  R},  acros*. 
the  proximal,  third  of  cell  1st  M-2  into  the  basal  half  of  cell 
M3  ;  center  of  cell  M±  extensively  pale;  outer  half  of  cell  Rr, 
more  or  less  distinctly  whitened,  cell  MI  uniformly  darkened  ; 
cell  2nd  M%  sometimes  vaguely  paler  at  center  ;  veins  dark. 
Venation  :  Cell  MI  about  equal  to  its  petiole. 

Abdominal  tergites  obscure  yellow,  with  a  broad  brown 
longitudinal  stripe  on  either  side,  the  lateral  margins  of  the 
segments  broadly  grayish,  the  caudal  margins  narrowly  of  the 
same  color  ;  sternites  obscure  brownish  yellow,  the  caudal  mar- 
gins of  the  segments  paler.  Male  hypopygium  with  the  ninth 
tergite  produced  medially  into  a  broad  and  relatively  short 
blackened  lobe,  the  caudal  margin  of  which  is  conspicuously 
and  broadly  emarginate. 

Habitat.  —  Eastern  United  States.  Hol'otype:  d,  Hanover, 
Jefferson  Co.,  Indiana,  July  22,  1921  (J.  S.  Rogers);  No.  64. 
Paratopotype,  d";  paratypes,  d,  Ann  Arbor,  Washtenaw  Co., 
August  6,  1921  (J.  S.  Rogers);  No.  2:  d,  Winnipauk,  Con- 
necticut, June  16,  1909  (C.  W  .  Johnson),  in  the  Boston  Society 
of  Natural  History. 

Type  returned  to  Professor  Rogers. 

Tipula  concava  bears  a  resemblance  to  T.  clnta  Loew  in  the 
relatively  diffuse  wing-pattern.  It  is  readily  told  from  the 
other  described  species  of  the  group  by  the  broadly  concave 
apex  of  the  median  lobe  of  the  tergite  of  the  male  hypopygium. 

Tipula  parvemarginata  sp.  n. 

Belongs  to  the  tricolor  group  ;  head  brownish  gray  to  gray, 
with  a  capillary  dark  brown  median  vitta  ;  antennal  flagellum 
dark  brown,  the  extreme  bases  of  the  segments  restrictedly 
paler;  wings  suffused  with  pale  brown,  the  disk  without  con- 
spicuous subhyaline  or  hyaline  longitudinal  vittae  ;  .1/3+4  very 
short  to  lacking;  male  hypopygium'  with  the  median  lobe  of 
the  ninth  tergite  broad,  with  a  small  median  notch. 

d.  Length  about  12  —  13  mm.  ;  wing  12.5  —  13  mm.  9.  Length 
14  —  15  mm.;  wing  15  —  16  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  obscure  yellow,  the  nasus  con- 
spicuous ;  palpi  dark  brown.  Antennae  with  the  scapal  ^eg- 
ments  obscure  yellow,  the  flagellum  dark  brown,  with  the 


296  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

extreme  proximal  ends  of  the  basal  enlargements  of  the  seg- 
ments paler.  Head  brownish  gray,  the  front  and  posterior 
orbits  clearer  gray;  a  capillary  dark  brown  median  vitta.  In 
cases  th.e  ground-color  of  the  head  is  clear  gray. 

Mesonotal  praescutum  grayish  brown  with  three  nearly  con- 
col.orous  or  slightly  more  reddish  brown  stripes  that  are  vaguely 
margined  with  darker  brown,  the  median  stripe  split  by  a 
similar  dark  brown  vitta  ;  in  some  cases,  the  ground-color  and 
stripes  are  of  a  much  clearer  gray  ;  scutum  obscure  yellow, 
the  lobes  largely  covered  by  two  contiguous  dark  brown 
marks  ;  scutellum  and  postnotum  buffy  or  grayish  buffy,  with 
a  very  narrow  capillary  brown  line.  Pleura  yellow,  the  sterno- 
pleurite  and  anepisternum  sparsely  pruinose.  Halteres  pale, 
the  knobs  dark  brown.  Legs  with  the  coxae  pale,  sparsely 
pruinose  ;  trochanters  yellow  ;  femora  and  tibiae  obscure  brown- 
ish yellow,  the  tips  narrowly  infuscated  ;  tarsi  brownish  yellow, 
soon  passing  into  brownish  black.  Wings  suffused  with  pale 
brown,  the  base  and  costal  region  darker,  this  color  including 
the  cephalic  half  of  cell  R,  most  of  cell  1st  RI  and  the  stigma; 
no  distinct  hyaline  vittae  as)  usual  in  the  tricolor  group,  the 
center  of  the  wing  in  cells  R  and  M  being  only  slightly  paler 
than  the  remainder  of  the  ground-color;  obliterative  a-peas 
along  the  cord  include!  the  outer  end  of  Rs,  basal  section  of 
Mj-f-2  and  the  basal  portion  of  the  first  section  of  M%  ;  stig- 
mal  region  somewhat  brighter  brown  than  the  ground-color  ; 


a  dusky  cloud  on  the  anterior  cord  ;  Cu\  and  especially  m-cu 
seamed  with  brown  ;  veins  dark  brown.  Venation  :  Petiole 
of  cell  MI  about  equal  to  or  longer  than  ;/;  ;  MS  +4  very  short, 
only  about  one-half  longer  than  the  punctiform  basal  section 
of  vein  M4.  In  cases,  vein  M3+4  is  obliterated,  both  veins 
M3  and  M4  arising  directly  from  the  end  of  M. 

Abdominal  tergites  obscure  yellow,  with  a  broad  dark  brown 
sublateral  stripe,  these  ending  on  the  seventh  tergite  ;  eighth 
tergite  yellow,  with  a  median  brown  spot  ;  sternites  obscure 
yellow,  the  caudal  margins  of  the  segments  narrowly  grayish  ; 
seventh  and  eighth  sternites  infuscated  ;  hypopygium  largely 
yellow.  Male  hypopygium  with  the  ninth  tergite  obscure  yel- 
low, with  a  more  or  less  distinct  brown  line  on  either  side, 
in  cases  fused  into  a  single  median  blotch  ;  caudo-median  area 
of  the  tergite  produced  caudad  into  a  short  broad  median  lobe 
that  has  a  small  U-shaped  notch,  the  lateral  lobules  thus  formed 
being  microscopically  spiculose.  Outer  dististyle  of  moderate 
size  and  width. 

In  the  female,  the  basal  flagellar  segments  are  more  uni- 
formly pale, 


xxxvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  297 

Habitat.  --  Xortheastern  Xorth  America.  Holntypc:  d, 
Devil's  Lake,  Xorth  Dakota,  July  23,  1920  (T.  H.  Hubbclli: 
No.  39.  Allotopotypc,  9,  August  8,  1920;  No.  161.  Paratopo- 
tyfcs.  6  33,  July  23— August  14,  1920;  Nos.  39,  48,  161,  196; 
paratypes,  ^Turtle  Alts..  Xorth  Dakota,  July  30.  1920  (T.  II. 
Hubbcll);  Xo.  88;  d.  Portage  la  Prairie,  Manitoba,  July  2. 
1924  (A.  J.  Hunter),  in  the  Canadian  Xational  collection;  d, 
Ann  Arbor,  Washtenaw  Co.,  Michigan.  June  28.  1920  (J.  S. 
Rogers) :  Xo.  20. 

Type  returned  to  Professor  Rogers. 


Insects  as  Litigants. 

By  HARRY  11.  WEISS,  Xew  llrunswick,  Xew  Jersey. 

In  these  times  insects  are  occasionally  the  causes  of  litiga- 
tion but  never  the  litigants.  Such  was  not  the  case  some  cen- 
turies ago  when  legal  prosecutions  of  the  lower  animals  were 
not  unusual.  In  France,  Spain  and  Italy  the  lower  animals 
were  subject  to  the  laws  and  in  Switzerland,  they  could  in 
addition  be  admitted  as  witnesses.  There  are  instances 
recorded,  of  a  writ  being  served  against  rats -in  the  diocese  of 
Autun,  of  a  sow  and  six  pigs  being  charged  with  the  murder 
of  a  child  at  Lavegny  in  1457,  of  a  process  issued  against 
leeches  at  Lausanne  in  1451,  and  of  a  cock  being  tried  at  Basle 
in  1474  for  laying  an  egg. 

A  law  suit  between  the  inhabitants  of  the  Commune  of  St. 
Julien  and  the  beetle  Rliyuchitcs  anrcns  is  said  to  have  lasted 
more  than  forty  years,  or  from  1445  to  1487.  and  was  not  settled 
even  them.  At  one  time  the  people  proposed  a  settlement  of 
the  case  by  giving  to  the  beetles  in  perpetuity,  a  piece  of  their 
district,  not  a  poor  piece,  but  a  productive  one.  The  attorney 
for  the  beetles  objected  but  the  court  over-ruled  the  objection 
and  appointed  agents  to  survey  the  land.  This  they  did  and 
finding  it  well  supplied  with  water  and  trees,  the  land  was 
deeded  in  due  form  to  the  insects.  Unfortunately  this  did  not 
end  the  case  because  it  was  discovered  later  that  some  one  had 
an  ancient  right-of-way  over  the  land,  which  if  taken  advan- 
tage of  might  disturb  the  insect  owners;  and  so  the  contract 


298  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

was  invalidated  and  the  case  started  anew.  During-  the  progress 
of  the  suit  the  lawyers  had  to  be  paid  and  other  expenses  such 
as  those  for  religious  processions  and  ceremonies  were  incur- 
red. A  district  could  not  start  a  suit  of  this  kind  unless  its 
taxes  were  fully  paid  up. 

Domestic  animals  were  tried  in  the  common  criminal  courts 
and  if  convicted,  the  penalty  was  death.  Wild  animals  were 
tried  in  the  ecclesiastical  courts  and  punished  by  banishment 
and  death  by  exorcism.  St.  Patrick,  for  example,  exorcised 
the  snakes  of  Ireland  into  the  sea  and  St.  Bernard,  being  irri- 
tated one  day  by  the  persistent  activities  of  a  blue-bottle  fly, 
said,  "Be  thou  excommunicated,"  and  thus  unintentionally 
caused  the  death  of  all  the  flies  in  the  district.  In  Purchas's 
"Pilgrims,"  locusts  are  spoken  of  as  being  exorcised  and  excom- 
municated so  that  they  flew  away  and  again — "In  the  yeere 
1603,  at  Fremona,  great  misery  happened  by  Grasse-hoppers, 
from  which  Paez  freed  the  Catholikes,  by  Letanies  and  sprink- 
ling the  Fields  with  Holy-water ;  when  as  the  Fields  of  Here- 
tikes,  seuered  only  by  a  Ditch  were  spoyled  by  them.  Yea,  a 
Heretike  vsing  this  sacred  sprinkling,  preserued  his  corne, 
which,  to  a  Catholike  neglecting  in  one  Field,  was  lost,  and 
preserued  in  another  by  that  coniured  aspersion  (so  neere  of 
kinne  are  these  Locusts  to  the  Deuill,  which  is  said  to  hate  Holy- 
water)." 

Manoel  Felix  reported  that  red  ants  ate  the  alter  cloths  in  the 
Convent  of  St.  Antonio,  Maranham,  Brazil,  and  also  brought  up 
pieces  of  shrouds  from  the  graves,  for  which  they  were  prose- 
cuted by  the  friars.  Another  case  deals  with  the  unwelcome 
activities  of  ants  in  a  convent  at  Avignon,  whereupon  they  were 
sued,  excommunicated  and  ordered  to  move  within  three  days 
to  a  place  alloted  to  them  in  the  middle  of  the  earth.  Accord- 
ing to  the  clerical  statement,  this  the  ants  did,  taking  away  with 
them,  their  young  and  their  provisions. 

The  right  to  exercise  the  power  of  trying  domestic  animals 
is  said  to  have  been  based  on  the  Jewish  law  as  laid  down  in 
Exodus  XXI,  28  and  other  places  in  the  Old  Testament.  Law- 
yers were  appointed  to  defend  the  animals  and  the  whole  event, 
including  the  sentence  was  carried  out  with  extreme  formality. 


xxxvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  299 

If  the  residents  of  a  district  were  being  annoyed  by  specific 
animals,  the  court  appointed  experts  to  inspect  the  area  and 
report  their  finding's.  A  counselor  was  selected  to  defend  the 
animals  and  to  show  cause  why  they  should  not  appear  in  court. 
They  were  then  summoned  three  times  and  failing-  to  appear, 
a  decision  was  given  against  them  by  default.  The  court  then 
issued  a  monitoirc  admonishing  them  to  leave  the  district  within 
a  specified  time,  "under  penalty  of  adjuration."  Failing  to 
disappear  within  the  time  set,  exorcism  was  pronounced  with 
due  gravity.  The  courts  however  did  everything  that  they 
could  to  delay  this  last  pronouncement  because  of  the  danger 
that  the  animals  might  fail  to  pay  attention  to  it.  thereby  plac- 
ing them  in  a  ridiculous  position.  The  animals  in  some  cases, 
instead  of  vanishing  after  being  execrated,  multiplied  and  were 
more  destructive  than  before.  This  was  attributed  bv  the  erudite 

J 

jurists  of  the  time  not  to  a  lack  of  court  power,  nor  to  an  unjust 
sentence,  but  to  the  malignant  hostility  of  the  Prince  of  Dark- 
ness. 

REFERENCES. 

Cowan,  Frank — Curious  History  of  Insects   (Phila.   1865). 

Chambers,  R.  (eel.)— Book  of  Days  (London,  1862-64). 

Purchas,  S. — Purchas  his  Pilgrimes  (London,  1625,  1626). 

Southey,  Robt.— History  of  Brazil  (London,  1817,  1822). 


Concerning  the   Genus   Chalcomyia   Williston 

(Syrphidae,  Dipt.). 

Shannon  (Proc.  Km.  Soc.  Wash.,  xxviii,  111-114)  gives  a 
key  to  this  genus  and  describes  a  new  species,  C.  bcckcri.  This 
latter  is  almost  certainly  a  synonym  of  Psilota  ruficornis  Zett. 
which  has  been  placed  in  the  genus  Myolepta  Xewm.  since  1858. 
Chalcasyrphus  Curran  should  be  considered  a  genus  distinct 
from  Chalcomyia.  At  the  time  the  subgenus  was  erected  only 
the  female  was  known  but  males  have  since  been  examined. 
In  this  genus  the  abdomen  is  narrow  and  elongate,  in  both 
sexes,  whereas  in  Chalcomyia  it  is  very  broad  in  the  female 
and  broad  in  the  male,  dnilcosyrplius  alra  Curran  is  undoubt- 
edly the  female  of  dcprcssa  Shannon  and  this  latter  should  be 
considered  as  the  genotype  of  Clialcosyrplms  Ciirran.  Chal- 
comyia aiioiii<i/a  Shannon  evidently  belongs  to  the  genus  ('ynor- 
liiiui  or  Cynorhinella,  and  is  certainly  not  L~lialcoin\la. 

C.  H.  CUKKAX,  Ottawa.  Can. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  NOVEMBER,  1926. 

The  People  are  Becoming  Better — Especially  the 

Entomologists. 

It  is  a  joy  to  know  that  in  some  respects  people  are  chang- 
ing to  the  better.  Surely  scientific  men  are  growing  broader 
and  more  unselfish — more  considerate  of  one  another  and  more 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  humanity  as  a  whole.  The  spe- 
cialist always  draws  his  examples  from  his  own  class  after 
making  a  generalization,  and,  just  as  the  beetle  chaser  in  Van 
Bruyssel's  charming  "Population  of  an  Old  Pear  Tree"  said 
"especially  with  the  Buprestidae,"  so  in  this  case  I  say  "es- 
pecially with  the  economic  entomologists." 

There  is,  for  example,  a  striking  contrast  between  the 
mutually  helpful  attitude  of  the  entomologists  all  over  the  world 
at  the  present  day  in  the  important  matter  of  introducing  para- 
sites and  other  natural  enemies  of  destructive  insects  into  one 
country  from  another  and  the  attitude  assumed  by  B.  D.  Walsh 
for  John  Curtis  sixty  years  ago  in  the  imaginary  correspon- 
dence which  he  supposed  to  have  taken  place  between  Asa 
Fitch  and  Curtis  concerning  the  importation  of  the  parasites  of 
the  wheat  midge  from  England  into  New  York  State  (Practical 
Entomologist,  vol.  II,  p.  54).  Look  it  up  in  your  library,  and 
then,  when  you  have  read  it,  consider  present  conditions  and 
think  how  glad  Guy  Marshall  or  Imms  of  England,  Marchal 
of  France,  Berlese  or  Silvestri  of  Italy,  Escherich,  Reh  or  Wal- 
ther  Horn  of  Germany,  Horvath  or  Jablonowski  of  Hungary, 
Pospelov  of  Russia,  Kuwana  of  Japan,  Fletcher  of  India,  Wil- 
liams of  Egypt,  Lounsbury  of  South  Africa,  Tillyard  of  New 
Zealand,  or  any  of  the  growing  army  of  younger  workers 
would  be  of  a  chance  to  help  us  in  any  way!  Then  think  how 
gladly  we  welcome  the  foreign  entomologists  who  are  visiting 
us  in  increasing  numbers  and  what  a  privilege  it  is  to  us  of 
the  present  generation  to  be  of  assistance  to  any  one  of  the  men 
I  have  named,  or  in  fact  to  any  other  good  worker,  no  matter 
in  what  country  he  may  be  working.  Economic  entomology— 

300 


XXXV'ii,     '26]  KXTii.Mnl.OGICAL    \K\VS  301 

the  fight  of  humanity  against  the  insects — has  become  broadly 
international,  and  there  are  no  barrier  lines  between  the  workers 
of  different  nations. 

So  much  for  the  international  aspects  suggested  by  Walsh's 
imaginary  correspondence.  Am  I  right  in  my  strong  impres- 
sion that  the  relations  among  our  own  American  workers  are 
vastly  better  than  they  were  in  the  days  of  Walsh?  When  I 
think  of  the  rivalries  and  jealousies  of  my  earlier  days,  when 
I  remember  the  harshly  critical  articles  that  were  published 
from  time  to  time,  I  believe  that  my  present  impression  is 
right :  the  people  are  becoming  better — especially  the  entomolo- 
gists. L.  O.  HOWARD. 


New  Prize  Fund  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  France. 

At  its  meeting  on  April  14,  1926.  the  Entomological  Society 
of  France  accepted  an  offer  made  to  it  by  M.  H.  Gadeau  de 
Kerville  of  20,000  francs  to  establish  a  fund  the  income  of 
which  is  to  be  given  annually  as  a  prize  to  a  French  author  of 
a  printed  or  manuscript  paper  on  the  biology  of  a  group  of 
Arthropods  (or  even  of  a  single  species),  not  to  be  limited  to 
insects.  (Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  1926,  no.  7,  p.  74). 


Changes  of  Addresses. 

Kenneth  A.  Salman,  82  Pleasant  Street,  Amherst,  Mass. 

L.  J.  Bottimer,  Vienna,  Va. 

Melville  H.  Hatch,  Dept.  of  Animal  Biology,  University  of 
Minnesota,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

P.  W.  Fattig,  Emory  University,  Ga. 

C.  F.  Adams,  6017  Woodlawn  Ave.,  Chicago,  111. 

Hal  Newcomb,  Box  135,  Highland  Park  Sta.,  Los  Angeles. 
Cal. 

Clarence  O.  Bare,  Box  4583,  Tampa,  Fla. 

A.  L.  Melander,  Dept.  of  Biology,  College  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Henry  L.  Yiereck,  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Thanaos  clitus  (Lepid. :    Hesperiidae)  in  California. 

Thanaos  clitus  Edwards  was  reared  from  larvae  feeding  on 
Hosackia  sp.  The  larvae  were  taken  at  Torrey  Pines,  San 
Diego  County,  California,  April  23,  1926. 

A.  J.  BASIXGER,  Riverside,  Calif. 


302  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XE\VS  [Nov.,    '26 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   E.   T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers 'in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

1 — Trans.,  American   Ent.  Soc.,  Philadelphia.     4 — Cana- 
dian   Ent.,    Guelph.     5 — Psyche,    Cambridge,    Mass.     9— 
Entomologist,     London.       li — Deutsche     Ent.    Zeitschrift, 
Berlin.    12 — Jour,  of  Economic  Ent.     13 — Jour,  of  Ent.  and 
Zoology,  Claremont,   Cal.     14 — Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt 
a.    M.      17 — Ent.   Rundschau,   Stuttgart.      18 — Intern.   Ent. 
Zeitschrift,    Guben.      19— Bull.,    Brooklyn    Ent.    Soc.      22- 
Bull.  of  Ent.  Research,  London.    26 — Ent.  Anzeiger,  Wien. 
39 — The   Florida   Entomologist.     45— Zeit.   f.   Wissenschfl. 
Insektenbiol.,  Berlin.    47 — Neue  Beitr.  z.  System.  Insekten- 
kunde,    Berlin.     56 — Konowia,   Wien.     63 — Deutsche   Ent. 
Zeitschr.,  "Iris,"  Dresden.     75 — Ann.  &  Mag.  of  Nat.  Hist., 
London.     77 — Comptes    R.,    Soc.    Biologic,    Paris.      100— 
Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Philadelphia.     103 — Proc.  Zool.  Soc. 
London.       118 — Die     Naturwissenschaften,     Berlin.     124— 
Revue  Suisse  de  Zool.,  Geneve.     127 — Archiv  f.  Entwickl. 
der  Organis.,  Berlin.    133 — Jour.  Experimental  Zool.    141— 
Amer.  Naturalist.     154 — Zool,  Anzeiger,  Leipzig. 

GENERAL. — Anon. — De  la  chasse  et  de  la  collection  des 
insectes. — Le  Naturaliste  Canadian  liii,  pp.  36-39,  illus. 
Anon. — Guide  to  the  exhibited  series  of  insects  in  the  de- 
partment of  entomology  British  Museum  (Natural  History), 
4th  edition.  London,  British  Museum,  1926,  65  pp.,  illus. 
Aue,  A.  U.  E. — Wie  ich  sammele  und  ziiche. — 14,  xxxx,  p. 
281-284.  Austen,  E.  E. — Instructions  for  collectors:  no  7. 
Blood-sucking  flies,  ticks,  etc.  5th  edition,  revised  and  en- 
larged. London,  British  Museum  (Natural  History),  1926. 
28  pp.,  illus.  Balss  &  Gross — Arthropoda  [Summary  of 
literature  of  1913  on]. — Zoologischer  Jahresbericht  fiir  1913, 
pp.  264-327.  Berlin,  1924.  Cory,  E.  N.— The  new  day  in 
Entomology. — 12,  xix,  pp.  603-606.  Durig,  A. — Sigmund 
von  EXIHT  Ewarten  em.  [Obituary] — Leopoldina  Berichte 


XXXvii.    '2o|  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NIi\VS  303 

(1.  Kaiserlich  cleutschen  Akademie  der  Naturforscher  zu 
Halle  Bd.  2,  pp.  229-230.  Leipzig.  Hellen,  W.— Die  In- 
sektenfauna  im  Nadelabfall  der  Fichtenwaelder  [in  Finnish, 
German  summary]. — Meddelanden  af  Societas  pro  Fauna  et 
Flora  Fennica,  xlix,  pp.  132,  226.  Helsingfors  1925.  Lind- 
berg,  H. — Insekt-oekologische  Beobachtungen  auf  Aland 
[in  Finnish,  German  summary]. — Meddelanden  af  Societas 
pro  Fauna  et  Flora  Fennica.  xlix,  pp.  48-57,  226.  Helsing- 
fors 1925.  Osthoff,  H. — Die  Hundstage. — Der  Naturfreund, 
iii.  pp.  231-235,  Deimolcl,  Aug.,  1926.  Pelseneer,  P. — La 
proportion  relative  des  sexes  chez  les  animaux. — Mem. 
Acad.  R.  Belg.,  Clas.  Sci..  viii,  p.  120-52.  Fetch,  T.— Studies 
in  entomogenous  fungi. — The  British  Mycological  Society 
Transactions,  xi,  pp.  50-66,  illust.  Cambridge  [Engl.]. 
Richards,  O.  W. — Studies  on  the  ecology  of  English  heaths. 
III.  Animal  communities  of  the  felling  and  burn  succes- 
sions at  Oxshott  Heath,  Surrey. —  Journal  of  Ecology,  xiv. 
pp.  244-281,  Cambridge  [Engkf.].  "Sherborn,  C.  D.— Index 
animalium  sive  index  nominum  quae  ab  A.  D.  MDCCLVIII 
generibus  et  speciebus  animalium  imposita  sunt.  2nd  sec- 
tion Jan.  1801 -Dec.  1850.  Parts  vii-ix,  concolor — Eury- 
stomus.  London,  British  Museum.  June,  Nov.,  1925,  Feb., 
1926.  Stauder,  H. — Wetterstiirze  und  insektenwelt. — 26, 
vi,  p.  124-126.  Tavares,  J.  da  S. — Xova  contributicao  para 
o  conhecimento  da  cecidologia  Brazileira. — Broteria,  xxii, 
fasc.,  iii,  pp.  5-55,  illus.  Caminha,  1925.  Tschauner,  W.— 
Zum  artikel:  "Entomo-Molochie."-  -17,  xliii,  p.  30-21. 
Weiss,  H.  B. — Francesco  Redi,  the  father  of  experimental 
entomology.— Sci.  Month.,  1926,  220-24.  Wright,  J.  C.- 
Obituary  notice  by  G.  P.  Engelhardt. — 19,  xxi,  p.  128. 
Various  Authors.  Arachnoidea,  Hexapoda  [Abstracts  of 
recent  literature]  Zoologischer  Bericht  Bd.  9,  Heft  8-10, 
pp.  332-358.  Verlag  von  Gustav  Fischer  in  Jena,  1926. 
Various  authors  JReferata  of  literature  on  genetics,  includ- 
ing insects,  etc.]  Resumptio  Genetica,  Deel  II,  Afl.  1, 
>'Gravenhage,  1926. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Capra,  F.— Su  un 

preteso  ibrido  tra  Coccinellidi. — Bolletino  d.  Societa  En- 
tomologica  Italiana,  Iviii,  pp.  113-116.  Genova  [Genoa]. 
Haber,  V.  R. — The  blood  of  insects,  with  special  reference 
to  that  of  the  common  household  german  or  croton  cock- 
roach. II.  The  appearance  of  lipomicrons  in  the  blood  of 
Blattella  germanica.  III.  The  tracheal  system  of  the  ger- 
man cockroach. — 19,  xxi,  p.  61-100.  Hellen,  W. — Kopula- 
tion  z:\vischen  verschiedenen  Arten  desselbrn  i^cmis 
(Cole-op). —  Meddelanden  at"  Societas  pro  Fauna  et  Flora 


304  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [  Nov.,    '26 

Fennica,  xlviii,  pp.  5-6,  263.  1925.  Henke,  K. — Zur  frage 
der  funktion  cler  insektenocellen. — 118,  xxxvii,  842.  Mast, 
S.  O. — Photic  orientation  in  insects. — 141,  Ix,  p.  479-82. 
Myers,  J.  G. — Tillyard's  work  on  insect  phylogeny. — 5, 
xxxiii,  p.  92-95.  Petrunkevitch,  A. — Tarantula  versus  taran- 
tula hawk  :  a  study  in  instinct. — 133,  xlv,  p.  367-98.  Schrader 
F.  &  S.  H. — Haploidy  in  Icerya  purchasi. — Zeitschr.  f.  wiss. 
Zool,  128  Bel,  1  Heft,  pp.  182-200,  illus.,  July  24,  1926. 
Leipzig.  Sporen  E. — Einiges  iiber  sprung  und  ansprung 
zum  fluge  bei  insecten. — 127,  cvii.  400-6.  Timofeeff-Res- 
sovsky,  H.  A.  &  N.  W. — Ueber  das  phanotypische  mani- 
festieren  des  genotyps. — 127,  cviii,  146-70.  Whiting,  P.  W.' 
-Two  wing  mutations  in  Habrobracon  and  their  method  of 
inheritance. — 141,  Ix,  p.  443-54.  Young  &  Plough. — On  the 
sterilization  of  Drosophila  by  high  temperature. — Biol. 
Bull.,  li,  p.  189-98. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Attemus,  C.  G.- 

Kiikenthal  u.  Krumbach's  Handbuch  der  zoologie,  Chilo- 
poda  klassifikation.  Bd.  4,  Lief.  2,  p.  189-240.  C.  D.— Notes 
on  a  spider  [behavior]. — Victorian  Nat.,  xliii,  p.  127-8. 
Cuthbertson,  A. — Spiders  as  natural  enemies  of  crane-flies. 
-The  Scottish  Naturalist,  no.  160,  July-August,  1926. 
Edinburgh,  pp.  127-129.  Hase,  A. — Ueber  die  Giftwirkung 
der  Bisse  von  Tausendfiissen. — Centralbl.  f.  Bakteriologie 
Parasitenkunde  u.  Infektions-Krankbeiten,  Abt.  1,  99  Bd., 
Heft  4/5,  pp.  325-332,  ill.,  Aug.,  1926.  Navas,  L.— Sinopsis 
de  los  Quernetos  (Aracnidos)  de  la  peninsula  iberica.— 
Broteria,  xxii,  fasc.  iii,  pp.  99-130,  illus.,  Caminha,  1925 
[new  tribal  names]. 

(S)  Correa  Nieto,  A. — Metriopelma  breyerii  Becker, 
tarantula  qui  existe  en  el  Valle  de  Mexico. — Boletin  de  la 
Direccion  de  Estudios  Biologicos,  iii,  num.  4,  p.  65.  Mexico. 
*Verhoeff,  K.  W.— Chilognathen-Beitraege.— 154,  Bd.,  68, 
pp.  57-71,  illus. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Klocke,  F. 

-Beitrage  zur  Anatomic  und  Histologie  der  Thysanoptera. 

-Zeitschr.  f.  wiss.  Zool.  128  Bd.,  1  Heft,  pp.  1-36,  July  24. 
1926,  ill.  Leipzig.  Schmidt,  E. — Beobachtungen  aus  dem 
Leben  der  Calopteryx  splendens  und  anderer  einheimischer 
Libellen.— 56,  v,  p.  134-144.  Smith,  R.  C.— The  trash- 
carrying  habits  of  certain  lace  wing  larvae. — Sci.  Month., 
1926,  265-67. 

(N)  *Canby. — A  new  species  of  Collembola  from  Cali- 
fornia.— 13,  xviii,  p.  41-42.  *McDunnough,  J.  H. — Notes  on 
North  American  Ephemeroptera  with  descriptions  of  new 
species. — 4,  Iviii,  p.  184-201.  Watson,  J.  R. — Ecological  and 


XXXVJi,    '2n|  K.\T().\ln|.()(,lCAl,    \K\YS  31)5 

geographical  distribution  of  Thysaiioptera  of  Florida. — 39, 
x.  p.  21-24  27. 

(S)  *Kistiakowsky,  A.  -  -  Zwei  neue  Nitzschia  -  \ru-n 
(Liotheidae,  Ordo  Mallophaga).— 154,  Bel.,  68.  pp.  10-14. 
Leipzig,  Aug.  5,  1926.  *Navas,  L. — Algunos  insectos  del 
Museo  de  Paris. — Broteria,  xxi.  pp.  99-114.  Caminha,  1924. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Anon.— Le  probleme  des  sauterelles. 
-La  Nature,  Paris,  14  aout,  1926,  p.  50.  Anon. —  Pink 
Katydids. — Museum  Bulletin,  Staten  Island  Institute  of 
Arts  &  Sciences  ix,  no.  1  [p.  4]),  Aug.,  1926.  Crampton, 
G.  C. — The  affinities  of  Grylloblatta  indicated  by  a  study  of 
the  head  and  its  appendages. — 5,  xxxiii,  p.  78-85.  Haber, 
V.  R.  (see  under  Anatomy).  Howes,  P.  G. — Music-Makers 
of  the  Rain  Canon. — Nature  Magazine,  viii,  pp.  155-157, 
Washington,  Sept.,  1926 

(N)  Spencer,  G.  J. — The  occurrence  in  British  Columbia 
of  an  earwig  so-far  unrecorded  in  Canada. — 4,  Iviii,  p.  183- 
184. 

(S)  *Hebard,  M.— The  Blattidae  of  French  Guiana.— 100 
Ixxviii,  pp.  135-244,  illus. 

HEMIPTERA.— de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.— On  some 
heteroptera  from  the  Canal  Zone,  collected  by  Dr.  J.  G. 
Sanders. — 19,  xxi,  p.  108.  de  la  Torre-Bueno,  j.  R. — Some 
remarks,  al  vuelo,  on  tingitid  names. — 19,  xxi,  p.  116-117. 
Tissot,  A.  N. — Some  observations  on  the  life  history  of  the 
citrus  aphid  (Aphis  spireacola). — 39,  x,  p.  26-27. 

(N)  *Baker,  C.  F. — Nomenclatorial  notes  on  the  Jassoi- 
dea. — Phil.  Jour.  Sci.,  xxx,  p.  347.  Clark,  L.  B. — Aquatic 
hemiptera  from  Manitoba. — 4,  Iviii,  p.  203-205.  *Drake,  C.  J. 
—An  undescribed  tingitid  from  Arizona. — 19,  xxi,  p.  126- 
127.  *Knight,  H.  H. — Notes  on  species  of  Polymerus  with 
descriptions  of  four  new  species  and  two  new  varieties 
(Miridae)— 4,  Iviii,  p.  164-168.  *Knight,  H.  H.— Descrip- 
tions of  nine  new  species  of  Bryocorinae  (Miridae) — 19,  xxi, 
p.  101-108.  *McAtee,  W.  L. — Notes  on  Homoptera  from 
Illinois,  with  descriptions  of  neAv  forms,  chiefly  Euptrry- 
ginae — State  of  Illinois  Natural  History  Survey  Bulletin 
xvi,  art.  iii,  pp.  127-136.  Urbana,  111.,  July,  1926.  *Mac- 
Dougall,  A.  P. — An  American  species  of  the  genus  Pachy- 
pappella  (Aphididae) — 19,  xxi,  p.  119-123.  *de  la  Torre- 
Bueno,  J.  R. — Limnometra  skusei,  a  new  name — 19,  xxi. 
p.  129. 

(S)   *Crawford,    D.    L. — Psyllidae    of    South    America- 


306 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 


Broteria,  xxii,  pp.  56-74.  illus.  Caminha,  1925.  *Drake,  C. 
J.— Notes  on  some  Tingitidae  from  Cuba. — 5  xxxiii.  p.  86-88. 
^Green,  E.  E. — On  some  new  genera  and  species  of  Coc- 
cidae.— 22,  xvii,  p.  55-65.  *Schmidt,  E.— Neue  Siidameri- 
kanische  Coreiden.— 11,  1926,  p.  137-144. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Adkin,  R._Pieris  rapae  and  some 
other  butterflies  in  the  spring  of  1926. — 9,  lix,  p.  253-254. 
Davis,  W.  T.— The  Black  Witch  [Erebus  odora  in  Staten 
Island]. --Museum  Bulletin  Staten  Island  Institute  of  Arts 
&  Sciences  IX,  no  2  [p.  4],  Sept.,  1926.  Gibbs  &  Chen  Yen. 
-Flacherie  or  "wilt  disease"  of  silkworms. — China  Journal 
of  Science  &  Arts,  v,  pp.  83-87,  illus.  Shanghai,  Aug.,  1926. 
[Huard,  V.  A.]. — Petite  Faune  entomologique  du  Canada 
Vol.  IV.  Les  Lepidopteres. — Le  Naturaliste  Canadien,  liii, 
pp.  25-26.  [Announcement  of  intention  to  publish  this  un- 
published volume  by  the  late  Abbe  Provancher  soon]. 
Knoch,  V. — Mit  fangnetz  und  karbidlampe  auf  nachtfalter- 
fang.— 18,  xx,  p.  181-183.  Machida,  J.— Crossing  experi- 
ments with  gipsy  moths.  Development  of  the  ovary  in  the 
silkworm. — Jour.  Col.  Agr.  Univ.  Tokyo,  vii,  p/237-92; 
293-352.  Minami,  S. — Untersuchungen  uber  flugelmosaik 
intersexueller  mannchen  von  Lymantria  dispar. — 127,  civ, 
(1925),  25-49.  Mosley,  C.— Pierids  eaten  by  a  cat.— 9,  lix, 
p.  254.  Reuss,  T. — Neues  iiber  den  sexualkult  bei  schmet- 
terlingen. — Die  Umschau,  xxx,  644-46.  Zielaskowski,  H.— 
Dasychira  pudibunda  und  kimstlicher  melanismus. — 18,  xx, 
p.  158-160.  Zikan,  J.  F.— (see  under  Coleoptera). 

(N)  *Hampson,  G.  F. — Descriptions  of  newr  genera  and 
species  of  Lepidoptera  Phalaenae  of  the  subfamily 
Noctuinae  (Noctuidae)  in  the  British  Museum  (Natural 
History).  London,  British  Museum,  Apr.  24,  1926.  641  pp. 
Seitz,  A. — Die  Gross-Schmetterlinge  der  Erde.  Exoten 
Lieferungen  396-399  (396  Indo-Australica  155;  397,  399 
Africana  56,  57 ;  398  Americana  187)  Alfred  Kernen,  Stutt- 
gart. Riley,  N.  D.— Colaenis  and  Dione  (Nymphalidae)  : 
A  revisional  note  on  the  species. — 9,  lix,  p.  240-245. 

(S)  *Clark,  B.  P. — A  revision  of  the  Protoparces  of  the 
Galapagos  Islands.— Proc.  New  England  Zool.  Club,  ix,  pp. 
67-71.  Aug.  30,  1926.  *Gaede,  M.— Amatidendes  Berliner 
zoologischen  museums. — 11,  1926,  p.  113-136.  *Gehlen,  B. 
-Neue  Sphingiden.— 18,  xx,  p.  172-176.  *Hering,  M.- 
Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Zygaeniden. — 63,  xl.  p.  109-112. 
*Hering,  M. — Neue  siidamerikanische  Heteroceren  im  Ber- 
liner Museum.— 63,  xl,  p.  129-134.  *Niepelt,  W.— Nachtrag 


XXXvii.    '26  j  ENTOMOLOGICAL     \K\VS  307 

und  berichtigung  zn  Xcuc  uncl  wenig  bekanntr  Midameri- 
kanische  tagfalter. — 18,  xx,  p.  137-8.  :|:Stichel,  H. — Bcilra-c 
zur  kenntnis  cler  Riodinidenfauna  Siidamerikas. — 11,  1026, 
81-101. 

DIPTERA.— Austen,  E.  E— The  house-fly,  its  life  his- 
tory, importance  as  a  disease  carrier  and  practical  measures 
for  its  suppression,  2nd  edition.  London,  British  Museum 
(Natural  History),  1926,  68  pp.,  illtis.  Cameron,  A.  E.- 
Bionomics  of  the  Tabanidae  of  the  Canadian  prairie. — 22, 
xvii,  p.  1-42.  Cousin,  G. — Influance  du  temps  reserve  a  la 
nutrition  sur  les  phases  de  cycle  evolutif  et  les  meta- 
morphoses de  Calliphora  erythrocephala. — 77,  xcv,  565-8. 
Cuthbertson,  A. — (See  under  Arachnida).  Hase,  A. — Bci- 
traege  zur  Kenntnis  der  Lebensweise  der  Eristalis-Lar- 
ven. — 154,  Bd.  68,  pp.  33-51,  illus.  Jobling,  B. — Compara- 
tive study  of  the  structure  of  the  head  and  mouth  parts  in 
the  Hippoboscidae. — Parasitology,  xviii,  p.  319-49.  Roh- 
dendorf,  B. — Morphologisches  studium  an  ausseren  genita- 
lorganen  der  calliphorinen.- — Rev.  Zool.  Russe,  vi,  p.  126-8. 
Schuurmans  Stekhoven  Jr.,  J.  H. — The  blood  sucking 
Arthropods  of  the  Dutch  East  Indian  Archipelago,  VII. 
The  Tabanids  of  the  Dutch  East  Indian  Archipelago  includ- 
ing those  of  some  neighbouring  countries. — Treubia,  vi, 
Supplement  Avril,  1926.  Utrecht.  Pp.  552,  illus.  [An  ex- 
tensive monograph  which  may  be  useful  to  students  of 
Tabanidae  generally.]  Timofeeff-Ressovsky,  N.  W. —  Ein 
fall  geschlechtsgebundener  balancierter  lethalfaktoren  bei 
Drosophila  melanog. — 127,  cvii,  651-71.  Wardle  &  Taylor. 
-Tbe  cephalic  skeleton  of  contrasting  types  of  cranefly 
lurv.c— 103,  102n.  pt.  1,  pp.  1-23,  illus.  Wardle,  R.  A.  " 
The  respiratory  system  of  contrasting  types  of  cranefly 
larvae.— 103,  1926,  pt.  1,  pp.  25-48,  illus. 

(N)  *Alexander,  C.  P. — Undescribed  species  of  the  genus 
Limnophila  from  eastern  North  America.  (Tipulidae).— 
19,  xxi,  p.  109-115.  Austen,  E.  E. — On  the  genus  Crataer- 
ina,  and  its  allies.  (Hippoboscidae). — Parasitology,  xviii,  p. 
356-60.  Baranoff,  N. — Erne  neue  Simuliiden-Art  und 
bemerkungen  iiber  das  system  cler  Simuliiden. — 47,  iii,  p. 
161-164.  Cresson,  E.  T.,  Jr. — Concerning  the  types  of 
Mallaphora  rex  and  Chrysomela. — 5,  xxxiii,  ]).  91.  *Cur- 
ran,  C.  H. — Descriptions  of  new  Canadian  diptera. — 4,  Iviii, 
p.  170-175.  Johnson,  C.  W. — The  synonymy  of  Actina 
viridis. — 5,  xxxiii,  p.  88-90.  *Seamans,  H.  L. — A  new 
species  of  muscid  from  Alberta. — 4,  Iviii,  p.  175-176.  *Wal- 


308  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

ley,  G.  S. — Four  new  Canadian  Chironomidae. — 4,  Iviii,  p. 
205-207. 

(S)  *Lengersdorf,  F. — Neue  Sciariden — (Lycoriiden — ) 
arten  aus  Siidamerika— 11,  1926,  p.  164-168.  *Tavares,  J. 
da  S. —  (See  under  General.) 

COLEOPTERA. — Beaulne,  J.  I. — Les  Coleopteres  du 
Canada  xliiie  famille  Elateridae. — Le  Naturaliste  Canadian, 
liii,  pp.  46-48.  Chittenden,  F.  H. — Note  on  the  blister 
beetle  Macrobasis  murina. — 19,  xxi,  p.  118.  Graham,  S.  A. 
-Biology  and  control  of  the  white  pine  weevil,  Pissodes 
strobi  Peck. — Bull.  449  Cornell  Univ.  Agric.  Exper.  Sta. 
Ithacca,  New  York,  June,  1926,  32  pp.,  illus.  Heikertinger, 
F. — Ueber  den  Fuehler  von  Mimeciton  und  seine  Anpas- 
sung.— 154,  Bd.  68,  pp.  17-24,  illus.  Leipzig  Aug.  5,  1926. 
Strouhal,  H. — Pilzfressende  coccinelliden  (Psylloborini).— 
45,  xxi,  p.  131-143.  Zikan,  J.  F. — Reichtum  oder  armut  der 
schmetterlings  und  kaferfauna  in  Siid-Brasilien. — 45,  xxi, 
p.  144-147. 

(N)   Criddle,    N. — A    note   on   the    synonymy   of   certain 
species  of  Physonota.— 4,  Iviii,  p.  207-208.  .  *Fall,  H.  C.- 
Two  new  names  and  a  correction  in  synonymy. — 19,  xxi, 
p.  125. 

(S)    *Marshall,  G.  A.  K. — Two  new  species  of  Curcul- 
ionidae   from   Haiti. — 22,  xvii,  p.   53-54.      *Wasmann,  E.— 
Die   Paussidengattungen   des   baltischen    Bernsteines    (265. 
Beitrag  zur  Kenntniss  der  Myrmecophilen). — 154,   Bd.  68, 
pp.  25-30,  illus. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bacynskyj,  L.— Ueber  die  Gift  und 
Dufour-driisen  bei  Apis  mellifica  [in  Russian]. — Zbirnik 
matematichno-prirodopisno-likarskoi  sekschii,  Bd.  xxiii-xxiv, 
Leopoli  [Lemberg]  1925,  pp.  149-152.  Bouget  &  de  Vir- 
ville. — Les  fourmis  et  la  flore. — Les  Feuil.  Natural.,  An. 
47,  p.  117-9.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Descriptions  and  records 
of  bees.— 75,  xviii,  p.  216-227.  Davis,  W.  T.— Wasps  and 
bees  as  water-straddlers. — 19,  xxi,  p.  127.  Ferriere,  C.— 
Note  sur  un  chalcidien  a  developpement  polyembryonique. 
-124,  xxxiii,  585-96.  Genieys,  P. — Aberration  de  la  ponte 
d'un  hymenopterc  parasite. — La  Feuil.  Natural.,  An.  47,  p. 
121-2.  James,  H.  C. — The  anatomy  of  a  British  phytoph- 
agous Chalcidoid  of  the  genus  Hannolita  (Isosoina)— 
103,  1926,  pt.  1,  pp.  75-182,  illus.  Paoli,  G.— Revisione  del 
genere  Aspidiotisphagus  How. — Bolletino  d.  Societa  Ento- 
mologica  Italiana,  Iviii,  pp.  97-105.  Geneva  [Genoa]. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  309 

Slosson,   E.   E. — Learning   from    bees. — Sci.    Month.,    1926, 
p.  281-4. 

(N)  *Banks,  N. — Several  new  species  of  Psammocha- 
ridae. — 4,  Iviii,  p.  201-203.  "Compere,  H. — Descriptions  of 
new  coccid-inhabiting  Chalcidoid  parasites  (Hymen.).— 
University  of  California  Publications  in  Entomology,  iv, 
no.  1,  pp.  1-31,  illus.  Berkeley.  *Kieffer,  J.  J. — Scelioniclae 
(Proctotrupoidea). — Das  Tierreich  48.  Lieferung,  pp.  xxxvi, 
885,  illus.  Berlin  u.  Leipzig  Walter  de  Gruyter  &  Co. 
Maerz,  1926.  [Bibliography  up  to  1916.]  'Mitchell,  T.  B.- 
New  species  of  Megachile,  with  notes  and  corrections. — 1, 
Hi,  p.  111-118.  Schmiedeknecht,  O. — Opuscula  ichneumon- 
ologica.  Fasc.  42,  p.  3283-3362. 

(S)  *Alfken,  J.  D. — Die  mir  bekannten  Chilenischen 
arten  cler  bienengattung  Corynura. — 11,  1926,  p.  145-163. 
*Tavares,  J.  da  S. — (See  under  General). 

SPECIAL  NOTICES 

Insecta  Matsumurana.  Edited  by  Prof.  S.  Mutsmnura. 
Issued  by  The  Entomological  Museum,  Hokkaido  Imperial 
University,  Sapporo,  Japan.  The  first  number  of  this  new 
journal  has  just  appeared.  The  journal  is  to  contain 
descriptions  of  the  new  species  of  insects  collected  by  Dr. 
Matsumura.  Its  papers  are  to  be  in  English,  German,  or 
French. 

Zoological  Record.  Insecta.  Prepared  by  The  Imperial 
Bureau  of  Entomology.  This  part  of  volume  42,  1925,  has 
just  appeared,  containing  421  pages. 


BlOLOGIE  DER   ScHMETTERLINGE,   VOn   DR.    MARTIN    HfiRIXC,: 

(Berlin,  Julius  Springer,  1925). — This  is  an  amazing  book. 
In  some  five  hundred  pages  it  covers  practically  the  whole 
field  of  the  biology,  in  the  stricter  sense,  of  the  butterflies  and 
moths ;  and  also  gives  an  equally  full  account  of  the  structure 
of  the  various  stages,  though  the  systematic  side  is  neglected. 
It  is  difficult  to  see  how  a  single  man  has  managed  to  cover 
the  field  of  published  data  so  completely.  I  find  in  each  field 
that  I  have  sampled,  not  only  the  generally  accepted  and  better 
known  facts,  but  an  extraordinary  mass  of  other  items  less  well 
known,  and  not  a  little  that  I  believe  to  be  unpublished.  In 
the  matter  of  published  material  apparently  not  only  tin-  we'll 
known  scientific  sources  seem  to  have  been  covered,  but  also 
the  obscurer  and  more  popular  sources  which  frequently  con- 
tain important  points  of  ecology,  habits  and  life  history. 


310  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

There  are  some  points  that  seem  to  me  worthy  of  criticism, 
and  a  few  errors  and  omissions  surprising-  in  an  otherwise  so 
perfect  piece  of  work.  On  p.  4  the  "ocelli"  of  the  larva  are 
referred  to.  It  is  now  well  known  that  the  so-called  ocelli  of 
caterpillars  are  not  true  ocelli,  hut  are  the  isolated  ommatidia 
of  a  degenerate  compound  eye.  The  essential  differences 
between  the  compound  eye  and  the  ocellus  of  an  insect  are 
as  follo'ws  :  In  the  compound  eye  each  group  of  retinal  cells 
(retinulae)  is  supplied  by  a  separate  lens  and  cornea,  and  is 
composed  of  about  seven  elements  ;  in  the  ocellus  there  is 
a  single  cornea  and  no  lens  for  a  group  of  retinulae,  each 
of  which  is  composed  of  two  or  three,  rarely  four  elements.* 
The  figure  of  the  caterpillar  ommatidium  (Macrothylacia 
rubi,  as  Gastropaclia )  in  Schroeder's  "Handbuch,"  vol.  1, 
fig.  125,  shows  these  features  plainly,  and  Hering's  figure 
on  p.  185  obviously  represents  the  same  structure,  though 
it  is  not  labelled  "larva."  For  the  true  ocellus  of  the  Lepid- 
optera  see  E.  Link  :  Zool.  Jahrb.  AM.  Anat.  27,  p.  233  fig.  E. 
It  shows  two-cell  retinulae  grouped  under  a  single  cornea. 

On  p.  59,  in  the  discussion  of  monophagy  and  polvphagy  of 
caterpillars,  the  intermediate  condition,  where  members  of  a 
group  of  closely  related  genera  are  attacked  (oligophagy)  is 
not  sufficiently  considered.  This  is  perhaps  a  serious  omis- 
sion, as  so  many  of  the  primitive  forms  show  it,  and  probably 
the  whole  discussion  of  the  primitive  character  of  polyphagy 
should  be  inverted.  Early  oligophagous  types  are  the  Eriocra- 
niidae,  Papilionidae  and  Hesperiidae  as  a  whole,  Nepticulidae, 
and  some  genera  of  Incurvariidae  such  as  Prodo.rns  and  Para- 
clcmcnsia.  The  last  is  unusual  in  being  practically  confined 
not  merely  to  a  single  genus,  but  to  a  single  species.  It  might 
well  be  argued  that  the  relatively  few  polyphagous  primitive 
forms  (such  as  Hepialus  Iiiiiiuili}  originally  fed  on  some 
Cryptogam  now  extinct,  and  have  been  forced  to  substitutes. 
The  botanical  omniscience  of  the  Ithomiids  ( Xeotropidae)  is 
vitiated  by  the  fact  that  one  or  two  species  feed  on  "Yuca" 
or  Cassava  (Euphorbiaceae).  I  suspect  similarity  of  smell 
( from  the  insect  point  of  view)  is  more  important  than  botani- 
cal kinship.  The  association  of  Vitaceae  with  Lythraceae  and 
Onagraceae  by  no  less  than  five  genera  (Dcsniia,  Alypia,  Eit- 
ciryas,  Pliolus,  Chocrocampa  s.  1J  is  another  striking  case 
overlooked  by  Dr.  Hering.  Ambrosia  and  Compositae  should 
be  added  to  the  foods  of  Tischcria  on  p.  61. 

*This  difference  fails  in  larvae  of  Coleoptera  and  Hymeneoptera, 
which  have  a  structure  of  intermediate  type  in  the  position  of  the 
compound  eye. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  311 

^  American  workers  will  be  likely  not  to  recognize  our  familiar 
Fcniscca  tarquinius  under  the  name  of  "Polyommatus  porsen- 
na"  on  p.  73. 

On  p.  76,  one  is  left  with  the  impression  that  the  dorsal 
glands  mentioned  are  of  general  occurrence.  In  fact  they  are 
limited  to  the  Lymantriidae,  and  even  there  are  absent  from 
such  highly  aberrant  forms  as  Doa.  The  curious  use  described 
for  them  in  the  gold-tail,  should  be  verified  in  other  forms, 
and  other  soft-haired  caterpillars  should  be  examined  to  see 
if  they  show  anything  similar  (Apatelodes,  for  instance). 

On  p.  78  the  statement  is  made  that  forms  with  evenly  dis- 
tributed bristles  are  primitive.  In  fact  the  exact  opposite  is 
true,  evenly  distributed  bristles  being  limited  to  a  few  more 
or  less  specialized  groups  (all  except  the  butterflies  highly 
specialized),  and  the  primitive  forms  have  a  sparse  and  highly 
irregular  pattern. 

It  does  not  seem  sufficiently  clear,  that  in  the  case  of  the 
sphingid  horn,  and  the  ocelli,  only  the  cuticle  is  renewed  at 
the  molt,  the  soft  parts  being  withdrawn.  The  Gracilariidae 
also  do  not  not  undergo  their  hypermetamorphosis  at  the  first, 
but  at  one  or  another  of  the  later  molts.  The  statement  that 
the  young  Phyllocnistis  larva  is  a  tissue  feeder  is  surprising. 
Marmara  in  any  case  is  a  sap-feeder  its  whole  life. 

The  discussion  of  the  genealogy  of  the  Lepidoptera  is  per- 
haps still  a  matter  of  opinion,  but  a  couple  of  points  in  the 
table  on  p.  43  would  satisfy  very  few, — notably  the  wide  separa- 
tion of  the  Castniidae  and  Hesperiidae,  and  of  the  Gracilariidae 
from  the  Lyonetiidae.  The  arrangement  of  the  families  of 
higher  moths  is  to  me  merely  a  mystery,  it  seems  to  follow 
neither  the  old  conceptions  based  on  the  "Bombyx"-like  ap- 
pearance or  the  venation,  nor  the  more  recent  systems  based 
on  egg,  larva  and  tympanum,  all  three  of  which  would  asso- 
ciate the  Dioptidae  and  Notodontidae  with  the  Noctuidae  etc., 
and  the  Bombycidae,  at  least  distantly,  with  the  Saturniidae. 

The  tympanum,  p.  193  etc.,  seems  to  have  been  a  source1  of 
trouble,  the  two  figures  on  p.  194  being  entirely  unrecogniz- 
able. In  fig.  58  I  suppose  an  arctiid  is  represented,  but  the 
tympanic  membrane  is  extraordinarily  large  for  a  form  with 
the  spiracle  on  the  outer  side  of  the  hood,  and  there  is  nothing 
either  in  figure  or  text  to  indicate  that  the  part  of  the  body  that 
bears  it  is  the  tliora.r.  In  the  figure  it  seems  to  belong  to  a 
mysterious  extra  segment  (labelled  merely  "Thorax"  I,  while 
the  text  moves  it  onto  the  abdomen.  The  other  figure  appears 
to  be  synthetic,  combining  features  of  the  (  ieomctridae  i  where 
the  membrane  is  on  the  first  segment  of  the  abdomen,  and 


312  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '26 

more  or  less  faces  the  thorax),  with  the  Drepanidae,  where  it 
lies  farther  back ;  and  perhaps  shows  some  influence  also  of 
Urania,  where  it  is  really  on  the  second  segment,  as  described 
in  the  text.  Not  only  my  not  wholly  satisfactory  paper  in 
Psyche  seems  unknown  to  Dr.  Hering,  but  also  the  very  full 
and  important  monograph  by  Eggers  (Zool.  Jahrbucher,  Anat. 
41:273-3/T>)  is  unmentioned. 

The  chapter  on  geographical  distribution  is  very  interesting, 
and  carefully  worked  out.  I  wonder  if  more  allowance  might 
not  be  made  for  relatively  recent  extinction  of  formerly  world- 
wide forms  ;  as  in  other  groups  where  fossils  are  known,  this 
has  turned  out  to  be  the  true  reason  for  several  distributions 
formerly  credited  to  "Notogaea"  or  "Lemuria."  An  interesting 
case  is  the  South  American  and  African  Hypanartia  <  Antanar- 
tia).  This  might  be  thought  of  as  an  example  of  an  early  land- 
bridge,  but  in  fact  the  group  (genus  in  the  broad  sense)  is 
represented  in  North  America  by  the  fossil  Prodryas  pcrsc- 
plionc,  and  the  genus,  which  is  closely  related  to  Vanessa,  may 
really  have  been  world- wide. 

The  chapter  on  mines  is  of  special  interest,  but  perhaps  the 
complicated  system  of  Greek  names  for  the  various  types  of 
feeding  habit  might  prove  more  a  source  of  confusion  than  a 
necessity.  Some  of  the  generalizations  also  would  have  to  be 
modified  to  take  in  the  American  forms. 

The  figures  on  the  few  plates  are  well  selected,  and  are  beau- 
tiful reproductions,  but  apparently  were  grouped  almost  hap- 
hazard. In  some  cases  the  effect  is  unfortunate,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  Bistons,  where  the  hybrid  is  separated  by  some 
dozen  pages  from  its  parents.  With  a  little  less  enlargement 
all  could  have  gone  easily  on  the  same  plate. 

There  is  a  short  bibliography,  selected  on  no  obvious  prin- 
ciple. Jordan  is  for  instance  represented  by  one  of  the  least 
important  of  his  papers.  American  titles  are  completely  absent. 

WM.  T.  M.  FORBES. 


OBITUARY. 

The  death  of  FERNAND  MEUNIER,  member  of  the  Entomologi- 
cal Society  of  France  since  1890  and  author  of  a  large  number 
of  notes  and  memoirs  on  fossil  insects,  was  announced  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Society  March  24,  1926,  but  without  any  par- 
ticulars as  to  the  date  or  place  of  his  decease.  (Bull.  Soc.  Ent. 
Fr.  1926,  no.  6,  p.  65). 


Subscriptions  for  1927  may  be  Paid  Now 

DECEMBER,   1926 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVII  No.  10 


1, 


JAMES  RIDINGS 
1803-1880 


CONTENTS 

Frontispiece — Kansas  Entomological  Society Plate  XII 

Knight— A  Key  to  the  North   American  Species  of  Macrolophus  with 

Descriptions  of  Two  New  Species  (Hem.:  Miridae).  .    .  313 
Little — Notes  on  the  Acrididae  of  Brazos  County,  Texas  (Orthoptera)  .  316 
Shepard  — Notes  on  the  Distribution  of  Hesperiidae  in  Western  Massa- 
chusetts (Lepidoptera) 3ly 

Personal 394 

Smith — Erebus  odora  in  Massachusetts  (Lepid.:  Noctuidae)  .    .    .  324 

Porter — Collecting  in  South  America 325 

Hatch — Concerning  the  Insect  Collection 329 

Additions  to  the  Insects  in  the  United  States  National  Museum  ....  332 

Editorial— Welcome  to  Philadelphia 333 

Horvath — Tenth  International  Congress  of  Zoology  in  Budapest,  1927. 

Preliminary  Announcement 333 

Entomological  Literature 334 

Review — Hering's  The  Ecology  of  Leaf-Mining  Insect  Larvae 341 

Review— Two  Recent  Text-books  on  Ecology 343 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVII. 


Plate  XII. 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XXXVII  DECEMBER,   1926  No.  10 

A  Key  to  the  North  American  Species  of  Macrolophus 

with  Descriptions  of  Two  New  Species 

(Hem.:  Miridae).* 

By  HARRY  H.  KNIGHT,  Ames,  Iowa. 

It  now  appears  that  three-  species  have  been  passing-  under 
the  name  Macrolophus  separatum  Uhler,  all  of  which  have  the 
same  general  color  aspect  yet  differ  distinctly  in  the  structure 
of  antennae  and  head,  not  to  mention  a  few  minor  characters. 
From  a  study  of  the  original  description  of  separatum  Uhler  it 
is  impossible  to  know  the  type  locality  of  the  species  and  like- 
wise the  particular  specimens  from  which  the  description  was 
drawn.  If  the  type  is  selected  from  the  Grenada  specimens  it 
is  possible  that  the  species  might  prove  different  from  the  form 
here  redescribed.  For  the  present  I  determine  separatus  Uhler 
as  the  species  with  hemelytra  having  a  fuscous  point  at  base  of 
each  hair  except  on  narrow  outer  margin,  and  in  distribution 
found  from  the  transition  to  lower  austral  life  zones. 

The  best  characters  for  distinguishing  the  species  of  Macro- 
lophus appear  to  be  in  the  relative  length  of  antennal  segments, 
width  of  head  and  vertex,  size  of  eyes  and  position,  and  width 
and  length  of  the  pronotum.  The  genitalia  appear  to  be  generic 
in  character,  and  noteworthy  in  having  the  right  clasper  greatly 
reduced  and  inconspicuous ;  and  in  this  connection  I  have 
studied  the  genotype,  Macrolophus  nnbilus  (H.  S.). 

Macrolophus  separatus  (Uhler). 

1894  Dicyphus  separatus  Uhler,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London  for 
1894,  p.  194. 

The  form  I  take  to  be  separatus  Uhler  has  the  following 
characters:  d1.  Length  4.3  mm.  Head:  width  .54  mm.,  vertex 
.28  mm. ;  lateral  width  of  an  eye  .20  mm.,  space  between  eye 
and  pronotal  collar,  .114  mm.;  without  trace  of  a  fuscous  vitta 
behind  dorsal  margin  of  eye.  Rostrum,  length  1.79  mm., 

*Contribution  from  the  Department  of  Zoology  and  Entomology, 
Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 

313 


314  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

scarcely  attaining  posterior  margins  of  hind  coxae.  Antennae : 
segment  I,  length  .38  mm.,  black;  II,  1.17  mm.,  yellowish, 
narrow  apex  blackish;  III,  1.28  mm.,  slender,  yellowish  to 
dusky;  IV,  .51  mm.,  fusco-brownish.  Pronotum :  length  .66 
mm.,  width  at  base  1.06  mm. 

?.  Length  4.2  mm.  Head:  width  .56  mm.,  vertex  .285  mm.; 
lateral  width  of  an  eye  .20  mm.,  space  between  eye  and  pronotal 
collar  .114  mm.  Antennae:  segment  I,  length  .34  mm.;  II, 
1  mm.,  practically  equal  to  width  of  pronotum  at  base;  III, 
1.2  mm.;  IV,  .52  mm. 

Plcsiotypes:  rf,  ?,  Sept.  22,  1907,  Hessville,  Indiana  (W.  J. 
Gerhard).  Records:  ALABAMA — ?  August,  1918,  Kushla 
(A.  H.  Sturtevant).  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA — ?  July  27,  1885, 
d1  August  5,  1885,  Washington  (O.  Heidemannj  ;  these  speci- 
mens determined  as  separatns  by  Uhler.  FLORIDA  --d1  ?, 
"Jacksonville."  ILLINOIS — J1  August  4,  Chicago  (W.  J.  Ger- 
hard). INDIANA— d  ?  September  22,  1907,  Hessville  (W.  J. 
Gerhard).  MARYLAND — 2?  August  7,  Annapolis  Junction;  c?$ 
September  11,  1892,  Blandensburg  (O.  Heidemann).  NORTH 
CAROLINA — 2$  July  25,  Tryon  (W.  F.  Fiske),  collected  at 
light. 

Macrolophus  longicornis  new  species. 

Color  characters  suggestive  of  scparatus  Uhler,  but  dis- 
tinguished by  the  longer  antennae  as  compared  with  the  head 
and  pronotum;  length  of  antennal  segment  I  equal  to  (?),  or 
greater  than  (c?)  width  of  head. 

d1.  Length  4.5  mm.,  width  1.03  mm.  Head:  width  .48  mm., 
vertex  .27  mm. ;  lateral  width  of  an  eye  .156  mm.,  space  between 
eye  and  pronotal  collar  .14  mm.  Rostrum,  length  1.76  mm., 
nearly  attaining  posterior  margins  of  hind  coxae.  Antennae : 
segment  I,  length  .51  mm.,  pale,  apex  blackish;  III,  1.52  mm., 
slender,  pale;  IV,  .52  mm.,  pale  to  dusky.  Pronotum:  length 
.56  mm.,  width  at  base  .86  mm.  General  coloration  greenish 
yellow,  and  darkened  with  fuscous  nearly  as  in  separatus  Uhler, 
but  the  fuscous  points  on  corium  much  fainter  and  confined 
to  inner  half;  length  of  antennal  segment  II  about  equal  to 
basal  width  of  pronotum  plus  width  of  head  (1.32  mm.). 

?.  Head:  width  .50  mm.,  vertex  .28  mm.  Antennae:  segment 
I,  length  .50  mm.  ;|  II,  1.20  mm.,  length  much  greater  than 
width  of  pronotum  at  base;  III,  1.52  mm.;  IV,  .54  mm.  Pro- 
notum: length  .54  mm.,  width  at  base  .91  mm. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  315 

Holotypc:  3  July  24,  1920,  Cranberry  Lake,  New  York  (C. 
J.  Drake);  author's  collection.  Allotype :  9  July  29,  1920, 
Wanakena.  New  York  ( C.  J.  Drake).  Paratypcs:  ?  July  15, 
1920,  allotypic.  c?  July  21.  1920,  Branford,  Connecticut  (B.  H. 
Walden).  d1  2  9  July,  1888.  Muskoka  Lake  District,  Ontario 
(E.  P.  Van  Duzee)  ;  Iowa  State  College  collection. 

Macrolophus  brevicornis  new  species. 

Suggestive  of  longiconiis  but  the  antennae  distinctly  shorter, 
segment  I  not  equal  to  width  of  head  ;  distinguished  from  sc pa- 
nit  us  as  shown  in  the  key. 

3.  Length  3.6  mm.,  width  .96  mm.  Head :  width  .48  mm., 
vertex  .26  mm.;  lateral  width  of  an  eye  .157  mm.,  or  a  trifle 
greater  than  the  space  (.114  mm.)  between  eye  and  base  of 
head  where  the  collar  normally  fits  against  it.  Rostrum,  length 
1.34  mm.,  reaching  to  middle  of  hind  coxae.  Antennae:  seg- 
ment I,  length  .34  mm.,  scarcely  equal  to  width  of  vertex 
plus  dorsal  width  of  an  eye ;  II,  .88  mm.,  being  a  trifle  longer 
than  width  of  pronotum  at  base,  the  apical  one-fourth  blackish; 
III,  1.03  mm.,  length  greater  than  segment  II  which  is  unusual 
in  the:  family  Aliridae ;  IV,  .43  mm.  Pronotum :  length  .54 
mm.,  width  at  base  .84  mm. 

9.  Head :  width  .47  mm.,  vertex  .25  mm. ;  lateral  width  of 
an  eye  .157  mm.,  space  between  eye  and  pronotal  collar  .114 
mm.  Antennae:  segment  I,  length  .33  mm.;  II,  .75  mm.,  not 
equal  to  width  of  pronotum  at  base;  III,  1  mm.;  IV,  .38  mm. 
Pronotum:  length  .54  mm.,  width  at  base  .84  mm.;  thus  an- 
tennal  segment  II  is  not  equal  to  basal  width  of  pronotum  in 
the  female. 

General  coloration  lemon  yellow,  sometimes  greenish  yellow ; 
head  with  a  fuscous  stripe  behind  dorsal  margin  of  the  eye ; 
hemelytra  with  fuscous  points  more  distinct  than  in  longicornis, 
basal  two-thirds  of  corium  without  fuscous  points  at  base  of 
hairs  except  one  row  bordering  claval  suture. 

Holotypc:  3  August  19,  1920,  Lakehurst,  New  Jersey  (Win. 
T.  Davis  )  ;  author's,  collection.  Allolypc:  same  data  as  the 
type.  Paralyses:  IOWA— 2d\  1$.  July  1.  1894.  c?  July  26,  c? 
Aug.  18,  1895,  9  June  20,  1896,  Ames  ( E.  D.  Ball )  ;  Iowa  State 
College  collection.  KANSAS — 9,  "Kans."  M  \KVI.\\D — c?  Oc- 
tober 12,  1901,  Glen  Echo  (O.  H.  Heidemannt.  MISSOURI- 
9,  Forest  Park,  St.  Louis. 


316  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

Key  to  the  species  of  Macrolophus. 

1.  Length    of    antennal    segment    I    equal    to    width   of    head 

across  eyes 2 

Length  of  antennal  segment  I  equal  to  or  slightly  greater 
than  width  of  head  across  eyes;  length  of  segment  II 
distinctly  greater  than  basal  width  of  pronotum. 

longicornis  n.  sp. 

2.  Head  with  postocular  space  nearly  equal  to  lateral  width 

of  an  eye,  a  fuscous  stripe  behind  dorsal  margin  of  eye; 
antennal  segment  II  with  apical  one-fourth  blackish ;  basal 
two-thirds  of  corium  without  fuscous  points  at  base  of 
hairs  except  one  row  bordering  claval  suture. 

brcvicornis  n.  sp. 

Head  with  postocular  space  equal,  to  little  more  than  half 
the  lateral  width  of  an  eye;  antennal  segment  II  narrowly 
fuscous  at  apex ;  corium  with  three  or  four  rows  of  fus- 
cous points  on  basal  two-thirds separatus  Uhler 


Notes  on  the  Acrididae  of  Brazos  County,  Texas 

(Orthoptera). 

By  V.  A.  LITTLE,  College  Station,  Texas 
For  the  past  two  years  the  writer  has  intensively  collected 
and  made  many  notes  upon  this  family.  The  work  was  not 
limited  to  the  summer  months  alone  but  extended  over  the  en- 
tire year.  Much  of  the  data  of  the  seasonal  appearance  of  the 
adults  was  obtained  from  caged  specimens. 

Brazos  County  is  located  in  the  east  central  part  of  Texas, 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  north  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
It  lies  in  that  part  of  the  Gulf  Costal  Plain  known  as  the 
"East  Texas  Timber  Belt."  The  general  elevation  ranges 
from  two  hundred  to  four  hundred  feet  above  sea  level,  slop- 
ing gently  toward  the  southeast. 

TRYXALINAE. 

MERMIRIA  BIVITTATA  Serville.  Fairly  common.  Taken  as 
early  as  May  29.  Found  usually  in  damp  spots  in  rank  grass. 

MERMIRIA  MACULIPENNIS  MACULIPENNIS  Bruner.  Very 
rare. 

TRYXALIS  BREVICORNIS  Linnaeus.  Very  rare.  Not  found 
earlier  than  the  latter  part  of  July. 


XXXVn,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  317 

MESOCHLOA  ABORTIVA  Bruner.  Common.  Both  adults  and 
nymphs  taken  throughout  the  year.  Found  in  greatest  numbers 
along  small  streams  in  pastures. 

SYRBULA  ADMIRABILIS  Uhler.  Common.  Reaches  maturity 
as  early  as  June.  Rank  grass  of  lowlands  its  favorite  habitat. 

AMBLYTROPIDIA  OCCIDENTALS  Saussure.  Rare.  Found  in 
fall  and  spring  among  post  oak  and  hickory  leaves. 

DICHROMORPHA  viRiDis  Scudder.  Rather  rare.  Found  in 
pasture  lands  among  water  courses. 

ORPHULELLA  PICTURATA  Scudder.  Common.  Taken  as  early 
as  the  middle  of  May. 

ORPHULELLA  PELIDNA  Burmeister.  Common.  Reaches  ma- 
turity as  early  as  June  1. 

BOOPEDON  NUBILUM  Say.  Fairly  common.  Reaches  matur- 
ity in  early  June. 

BOOPEDON  AURIVENTRIS  McNeill.  Rare.  Taken  as  early  as 
May  29.  Found  in  ungrazed  pasture  lands. 

AGENEOTETTIX  DEORUM  Scudder.  Taken  sparingly  in  pas- 
tures. Not  confined  to  sandy  soils.  Reaches  maturity  by  mid- 
summer. 

PSOLOESSA  TEXANA  Scudder.  Rare.  Found  in  post  oak  woods 
in  April. 

OEDIPODINAE. 

ARPHIA  XANTHOPTERA  Burmeister.  Common.  July  8,  earli- 
est date  taken.  Found  in  post  oak  woods. 

ARPHIA  SULPHUREA  Fabricius.  Common.  Reaches  maturity 
as  early  as  the  middle  of  April.  Found  in  post  oak  woods  and 
edges  of  old  fields  and  pastures. 

CHORTOPHAGA  VIRIDIFASCIATA  De  Geer.  Common.  Winter 
passed  in  nymph  stage.  Adults  taken  as  early  as  February  6. 

ENCOPTOLOPHUS  SUBGRACILIS  Caudell.  Taken  sparingly  in 
pastures  among  goat  weeds. 

HIPPISCUS  RUGOSUS  Scudder.  Very  common  in  pasture 
lands.  Reaches  maturity  in  early  June. 

HIPPISCUS  SAUSSUREI  Scudder.  Fairly  common  in  pastures 
and  waste  lands.  Adults  taken  in  April. 

DISSOSTEIRA  CAROLINA  Linnaeus.  Fairly  common.  Adults 
seen  as  early  as  May.  Widely  distributed. 


318        .  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

SPHARAGEMON  COLLI  Scuclder.  Taken  sparingly  in  post  oak 
woods. 

SPHARAGEMON  CRISTATUM  Scudder.  Common  in  sandy  soils. 
Adults  taken  as  early  as  April  17. 

SPHARAGEMON  AEOUALE  Say.    Very  rare. 

TOMONOTUS  AZTECUS  Saussure.  Very  rare.  Found  on  red 
clay  and  gravel. 

MESTOBREGMA  FUSCIFRONS  Stal.  Common.  Overwintering 
nymphs  reach  maturity  in  early  March.  Brood  hatching  from 
overwintering  eggs  reach  maturity  in  early  June. 

MESTOBREGMA  ASPERA  Scudder.  Very  rare.  Found  only  in 
fall. 

PSINIDIA  FENESTRALIS  Serville.  Very  common  on  sandy 
soils.  Adults  taken  as  early  as  latter  part  of  April.  Nymphs 
found  throughout  winter. 

TRIMEROTROPIS  CITRINA  Scudder.  Common.  Adults  taken 
as  early  as  April  17. 

HADROTETTIX  TRIFASCIATUS  Say.  Common.  A'lay  20,  earli- 
est date  taken.  Usually  found  in  rocky  waste  lands. 

LOCUSTINAE. 

ROMALEA  MICROPTERA  Beauvois.  Fairly  common.  Reaches 
maturity  in  early  June. 

SCHISTOCERCA  AMERICANA  Drury.  Common.  Adults  taken 
throughout  the  year. 

SCHISTOCERCA  OBSCURA  Fabricius.  Common  in  late  summer 
and  fall. 

SCHISTOCERCA  DAMNIFICA  Saussure.  Rather  rare.  Found 
in  fall,  winter  and  spring  in  post  oak  woods. 

PARAIDEMONA  PUNCTATA  Stal.  Common.  Taken  through- 
out the  vear. 

«* 

CAMPVLACANTHA  OLIVACEA  Scudder.  Rather  common. 
Taken  in  August  and  fall  on  goat  weeds  and  broom  weeds  near 
post  oak  woods. 

HESPEROTETTIX  SPECIOSUS  Scudder.  Common  in  fields  and 
pastures.  Latter  part  of  May  earliest  date  taken. 

MELANOPLUS  SCUDDERI  Uhler.  Most  abundant  and  widely 
distributed  short-winged  species  we  have.  One  specimen  taken 
in  mid-winter. 


xxxvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  319 

MELANOPLUS  TEXANUS  Scudder.  Found  only  in  the  spring  in 
post  oak  woods.  Reaches  maturity  in  April. 

MELAXOPLUS  PLEBEJUS  Stal.  Very  common  in  low  lands  on 
edges  of  fields  and  pastures. 

MELANOPLUS  FLAVIDUS  Scudder.  Taken  sparingly  during 
summer  and  fall  in  pastures  and  uncultivated  fields. 

MELANOPLUS  ATLAXIS  Packard.  Rather  common.  Adults 
taken  in  numbers  as  early  as  April  9.  Found  chiefly  in  pas- 
tures. 

MELANOPLUS  FEMUR-RUBRUM  De  Geer.  Rather  common. 
Maturity  reached  in  late  spring  or  early  June. 

MELANOPLUS  BISPINOSUS  Scudder.  Very  common.  Adults 
taken  as  early  as  latter  part  of  April. 

MELANOPLUS  IMPIGER  Scudder.  Rather  rare.  Maturity 
reached  by  the  middle  of  June.  Found  in  uncultivated  fields. 

MELANOPLUS  KEELERI  Thomas.  Rather  rare.  Found  along 
edges  of  lowlands  in  woods  and  thickets.  Taken  not  earlier 
than  June. 

MELANOPLUS  DIFFEREXTIALIS  Thomas.  Maturity  reached 
in  early  June.  Most  destructive  locust  in  Texas. 

MELANOPLUS  PONDEROSUS  Scudder.  Found  in  numbers 
along  the  margins  of  fields  feeding  on  foliage  of  trees  and 
shrubbery.  Reaches  maturity  in  early  summer. 


Notes  on  the  Distribution  of  Hesperiidae  in 
Western  Massachusetts  (Lepidoptera). 

By  H.  H.  SHEPARD,  College  Park,  Maryland. 
My  early  collecting  clays  were  spent  on  a  farm  and  its  neigh- 
boring woods  and  fields  on  the  hills  of  Phillipston,  a  small 
town  in  northwestern  \Yorcester  County,  Massachusetts,  about 
ten  miles  from  the  New  Hampshire  line-  and  directly  south  of 
Mt.  Monadnock.  This  portion  of  Massachusetts  has  many 
faunal  characteristics  in  common  with  New  Hampshire,  even 
its  more  northern  White  Mountain  region,  as  will  appear  from 
facts  set  forth  in  this  paper.  The  hills  in  Phillipston  are  of  an 
altitude  of  1100-1300  feet  above  sea  level.  Xo  low  point  is 
much  more  than  two  hundred  feet  lower  than  the  first  figure. 


320  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Dec.,  '26 

Although  I  had  collected  for  several  years  previously  to 
1919,  I  had  not  taken  much  notice  of  the  Hesperiidae.  At 
that  time,  however,  I  became  interested  in  them  through  my 
first  and  best  friend  in  entomology,  Mr.  C.  V.  Blackburn,  of 
Stoneham,  Mass.  Since  then  I  have  made  a  list  of  Hesperiid 
captures  with  notes,  and  think  it  will  be  of  interest  to  lepidop- 
terists  in  general  and  to  those  of  New  England  in  particular. 
I  have  attempted  to  give  comparative  notes  from  other  parts 
of  western  Massachusetts,  especially  as  I  have  for  the  past  five 
years  been  located  at  Amherst  in  the  Connecticut  Valley,  con- 
tinuing the  collecting  of  skippers  in  that  locality. 

Amherst  is  located  in  a  very  interesting,  and  a  somewhat 
peculiar,  land- formation.  The  Connecticut  Valley  at  this  point 
is  nearly  ten  miles  broad,  flat  and  fertile  with  hills  to  the  east 
and  west.  On  the  north  there  are  hills  which  shut  in  the.  val- 
ley close  to  the  river  in  that  direction.  South  of  Amherst  the 
Holyoke  Range,  of  which  Mt.  Tom  forms  the  western  end, 
lies  directly  across  the  valley  as  a  narrow  ridge  900  feet 
higher  than  the  floor  of  the  valley,  Amherst  itself  being  nearly 
300  feet  above  sea  level.  This  protected  bit  of  valley  affords 
a  place  for  the  more  southern  forms  of  life  to  find  a  favorable 
home,  provided  they  can  find  their  way  through  the  Holyoke 
Range,  certainly  a  most  formidable  barrier  at  most  points. 
Amherst  is  about  thirty  miles  southwest  of  Phillipston,  and  its 
butterfly  fauna  makes  quite  a  contrast  to  the  northern  elements 
in  that  of  the  latter. 

I  have  used  in  his  paper  the  classification  of  Hesperiidae 
that  A.  W.  Lindsey  uses  in  his  ''Hesperioidea  of  America 
North  of  Mexico,"  February,  1921. 

Hesperiidae  taken  in  Phillipston,  Massachusetts. 

EPARGYREUS  TITYRUS  Fabr.     In  mid-June  and  later. 

THORYBES  PYLADES  Scud.  As  early  as  June  4.  Eggs  are 
laid  on  the  leaves  of  white  clover. 

THANAOS  ICELUS  Scud.  &  Burg.  Earliest  date,  May  24.  I 
have  reared  this  species  from  a  larva  found  on  poplars. 

T.  PERSIUS  Scud.     Captured  on  May  27  in  1920. 

Race  LUCILIUS  Scud  &  Burg.  Larvae  found  on  garden  col- 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

umbines  (Aquilc^la)  in  considerable  numbers  in  late  summer. 
Specimens  reared  from  columbine  seem  to  always  exhibit  -( In- 
distinct markings  of  litcilins,  but  I  should  want  to  rear  a  Ion- 
series  before  making  anything  like  a  definite  statement. 

T.  JUVENALIS  Fabr.  Earliest  date,  May  27.  This  species 
and  icelus  have  been  the  most  common  species  of  the  genus  in 
my  experience  in  Massachusetts. 

T.  iioRATirs  Scud.  &  Burg.    Taken  on  July  13.  1919. 
at  all  a  common  species  in  Massachusetts. 

CARTEROCEPHALI'S  PALAKMON  Pallas.  My  best  capture.  As 
far  as  I  can  ascertain  this  species  had  never  been  taken  in 
Massachusetts  up  to  this  time.  My  specimen  was  taken  in  a 
freshly  cut-off  woodland  swamp  at  an  elevation  of  somewhat 
over  1000  feet  on  June  20.  1920.  It  was  flying  in  the  bright 
sunshine  in  a  rank  growth  of  raspberry  briars  in  full  bloom. 

Three  of  the  four  specimens  of  palacmon  that  are  contained 
in  the  collection  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  are 
labelled  from  White  Mountain  localities  (two  from  Bretton 
Woods  and  one  from  Franconia  )  :  the  fourth  specimen  is  evi- 
dently an  old  one  and  bears  no  locality  label. 

As  compared  to  palacmon  from  England,  my  specimen  is  a 
little  smaller  and  quite  differently  marked,  the  checker-spots 
of  yellow  being  smaller  and  covering  the  wings  less.  It  agrees 
with  White  Mountain  specimens  of  palacmon. 

PAMPHILA  METEA  Scud.  Appeared  in  1920  in  considerable 
numbers  on  May  30  and  for  a  week  or  so  thereafter.  I  found 
it  only  in  a  certain  field  covered  with  old  matted  bunch-grasses 
where  were  some  wild  strawberries  in  blossom  around  which 
the  skippers  flew  to  some  extent.  They  were  found  almost 
equally  abundant  throughout  the  field,  however,  and  prob- 
ably laid  their  eggs  on  the  type  of  grass  present  there. 

P.  LEONAKDTS  Harris.  Taken  on  roadside  flowers  on  Sep- 
tember 3  and  thereafter:  not  particularly  common. 

P.  SASSACUS  Harris.  A  common  skipper  flying  soon  after 
habouiok  in  the  early  summer.  My  earliest  date  in  Phillipston 
seems  to  be  June  10,  but  I  believe  this  species  would  turn  up 
there  at  least  a  week  earlier. 


322  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

POLITES  MANATAAOUA  Scud.  An  uncommon  species  of 
which  I  have  a  record  from  Phillipston  dated  July  8. 

P.  TAUMAS  Fabr.  (=ccriies  Bd.  &  Lee.)  Very  common.  My 
earliest  date  is  June  18,  but  this  species  also  must  occur  much 
earlier. 

P.  PECKIUS  Kirby.  Extremely  common  in  early  June  and 
practically  all  summer. 

P.  MYSTIC  Scud.  Common  ;  a  little  later  in  appearing  than 
the  two  preceding.  My  earliest  record  for  Phillipston  is  June 
18,  1918. 

CATIA  OTHO  A.  &  S.,  race  egcrcinct  Scud.  Earliest  on  July 
8,  1919. 

POANES  HOBOMOK  Harris.  Usually  about  the  first  of  the 
common  Pamphilids  to  appear.  June  4  is  my  earliest  for 
Phillipston.  The  dark  female  pocalwntas  Scud,  occurs  at  about 
the  same  time. 

ATRYTONE  LOGAN  Edw.  I  have  taken  one  specimen  on  July 
7,  1919. 

A.  VESTRIS  Bdv.     Rather  common;  found  by  July  13. 

ATRYTONOPSIS  HI  ANN  A  Scud.  I  found  this  species  on  May 
29,  1921,  in  the  same  field  that  mclea  occurred  in  on  May  30 
of  the  year  before.  Not  at  all  common. 

AMBLYSCIRTES  VIALIS  Edw.  Flying  in  mid-June  in  dry 
grass  fields,  usually  near  woods.  My  earliest-  date  at  this  place 
is  June  15,  1920. 

Hcsperiidae  taken  in  Amhcrst,  Massachusetts. 

The  dates  given  are  the  earliest  ones  recorded.  Asterisk  (*) 
indicates  date  from  specimen  in  collection  at  Massachusetts 
Agricultural  College. 

EPARGYREUS  TITYRUS  Fabr.,  May  29,  1923. 

THOR^BES  PYLADES  Harris,  May  27,  1925. 

T.  DAUNUS  Cramer,  July,  1922. 

PHOLISORA  CATULLUS  Fabr.,  May  18,  1925. 

THANAOS  ICELUS  Scud.  &  Burg.,  May  22,  1925. 

T.  BRIZO  Bdv.  &  Lee.,  May  3,  1925. 

T.  PERSIUS  Scud.,  May  8,  1922. 

*race  LUCILIUS  Scud.  &  Burg.,  July  18,  1904  (labelled- 
"det.  bv  Skinner"). 


XXXVil,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  323 

*T.  MARTI  ALLS  Sciul.,  J  vine  15.  1894. 

T.  JUVENALIS  Fabr.,  A])ril  27,  1925. 
*T.  TERENTIUS  Scud.  &  Burg.,  July  25,  1905. 

ANCIYLOXYPHA  NTMITOR  Fabr.,  May  31,  1921. 
:::PAMPHILA  LEONARDOS  Harris,  August  11,  1904. 

P.  SASSACUS  Harris,  May  28,  1922. 

POLITES  VERNA  Edw..  June  30.  1922. 

*P.    MANATAAOTA    Scild.,   July    12,    1905. 

P.  TAUMAS  Fabr.,  May  27,  1925. 
P.  PECKIUS  Kirby,  May  27,  1925. 
P.  MYSTIC  Scud.,  June  8,  1922. 

CATIO  OTHO  A.  &  S..  race  cgcreuict  Scud.,  June  28.   1922. 
*POANES  MASSASOIT  Scud.,  August  5,  1905. 
P.  HOBOMOK  Harris  (typical  form).  May  20,  1925. 

9form  POCAIIONTAS  Scud.,  May  20,  1925. 
ATRYTONE  VESTRIS  Bdv.,  July  6,  1922. 
ATRYTONOPSIS  HIANNA  Scud.,  May  28,   1922. 
AMBLYSCIRTES  VIALIS  Pxlw.,  May  31,  1925. 

To  this  list  of  24  species  of  Hesperiidae  from  Aniherst  may 
be  added  three  mentioned  from  there  by  Scudder  in  his  liut- 
terflies  of  Eastern  L'nited  States  and  Canada  : 

THANAOS   HORATIUS   Scud.  &     AMBLYSCIRTES  •  HEGON    Scud. 

Burg.,  (  =sanwsct  Scud. ). 

ATRYTONE  LOGAN  Edw., 

Four  other  records  by  Scudder  add  to  a  list  of  Hesperiidar 
taken  in  the  Connecticut  Valley  not  more  than  20  miles  from 
Amherst : 

ACHALARUS      LYCIDAS      A.       &        PAMPHILA    METEA  Scud,    from 

S.  at  Mt.   Holyoke,  S])ringneld, 

POANES      VIATOR      Edw.      from        AxRYTONE  BIMACULA  G.  &  R. 

Holyoke,  at  Mt.  Tom. 

( 'oin^iriilh'C  \otcs 

The  occurrence  of  such  species  as  iycidas,  delimits  i  hat/i- 
yllns),  and  tcrcntiits  at  Amherst  very  well  illustrate  the  ad- 
vance of  southern  species  along  the  lowlands  of  the  north.  It 
is  in  just  the  same  manner  that  the  northern  puluciii/>u  ad- 


324  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

vanced   southward   along  the  highlands   south   of   the   White 
Mountains.* 

I  am  convinced  that  the  reason  that  numitor  is  not  repre- 
sented in  the  Phillipston  list  is  that  my  collecting  there  has 
been  confined  almost  entirely  to  the  hills.  Scudder  says,  con- 
cerning numitor  —  "In  New  England  it  is  abundant  south  of  the 
northern  boundary  of  Massachusetts,  but  has  been  recorded 
from  only  two  localities  north  of  it  .  .  ."  It  "frequents  low 
marshy  meadows  and  the  borders  of  runlets  passing  through 
them  .  .  . "  The  late  Dr.  Russell,  a  well-known  collector  in 
Winchendon,  Massachusetts  (a  town  bordering  Phillipston  on 
the  northeast),  records  numitor  from  that  place  in  his  "List 
of  Lepidoptera  No.  1."  This  region  is  certainly  the  border-line 
for  n  limit  or.  It  is  a  very  striking  species  on  the  lowlands  be- 
cause it  is  so  numerous,  but  within  a  short  distance  in  the  hills 
it  is  never  seen. 

The  distribution  of  Hesperiidae  in  this  region  is  interest- 
ing also  from  the  seasonal  point  of  view.  In  the  spring  of 
1925  careful  records  were  kept  of  early  captures  in  Amherst  and 
many  new  records  were  made.  It  was  an  exceptional  year  for 
brizo  which  was  very  common,  while  icclus  did  not  appear 
until  much  later  than  was  expected.  Further  than  this  it  will  be 
sufficient  to  refer  the  interested  reader  to  the  dates  given  in 
each  list.  Those  dates  in  the  Amherst  list,  however,  will  give 
the  better  picture  of  seasonal  distribution  of  the  various  species 
in  Western  Massachusetts,  as  more  records  were  made  at 
Amherst. 

Personal. 

Dr.  H.  H.  Knight  spent  the  summer  of  1926  at  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum,  naming  and  arranging  the  collection  of 
Miridae. 


Erebus  odora  in  Massachusetts  (Lepid. :    Noctuidae). 

A  fine  male  specimen  of  Erebus  odora  was  taken  here  Sep- 
tember 27,  1926,  and  is  now  in  my  collection. 

E.  J.  SMITH,  Sherborn,  Massachusetts. 

[*  Compare  W.  F.  Fiske's  "List  of  Rhopalocera  taken  in  Webstei; 
New    Hampshire,"    Ent.    News,    vii,    pp.    241-2,    Oct.,    1896.— EDITOR.] 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  325 

Collecting  in  South  America. 

By  A.  F.  PORTER. 

[From  a   letter  addressed  to   Dr.   Henry  Skinner  and   written   fr^m 
Choramazu,   Peru,  June  24,   1926.] 

I  have  been  in  Peru  now  just  three  months  and  have  had 
about  two  months  actual 'collecting.  1  spent  two  weeks  in  Lima 
with  my  wife  and  after  she  sailed  for  home  I  left  by  train  for 
Oroya  and  Cerro  de  Pasco  where  the  Cerro  de  Pasco  Copper 
Corporation  has  its  mines.  I  had  letters  from  President  Drew 
of  this  Corporation  to  the  officials  here  and  was  shown  every 
courtesy  during  my  visit  at  Oroya  and  in  Cerro  de  Pasco.  I 
was  given  a  pass  over  the  railway  and  when  I  went  to  the 
hospital  for  an  examination  for  dysentery  and  asked  for  my 
bill  I  was  told  there  was  no  charge,  so  you  see  I  was  treated 
royally.  The  mines,  smelters,  etc.,  are  all  very  interesting  and 
it  was  indeed  a  pleasure  to  be  in  and  with  Americans  once  more 
after  six  months  of  Brazil,  Uruguay,  Argentine  and  Chile. 

The  railway  trip  from  Lima  up  to  Oroya  is  very  interesting. 
The  railway  reaches  the  highest  altitude  of  any  railway  in  the 
world  at  a  station  called  Ticlio,  altitude  16,500  feet  above  sea 
level,  At  such  heights  many  people  are  stricken  with  what  is 
known  as  sorclic  and  indeed  some  are  unable  to  pass  over  this 
railway  because  of  the  altitude.  However,  I  escaped  and  suf- 
fered no  inconvenience  at  all.  The  views  along  the  route  are 
grand  and  to  me  more  so  than  on  the  Transandean  Railway 
over  which  I  passed  enroute  from  Argentine  to  Chile.  At  Ticlio 
there  were  about  three  inches  of  snow  on  the  ground  and  one 
felt  more  comfortable  in  an  overcoat. 

After  four  days  in  Oroya  and  Cerro  de  Pasco,  I  took  pas- 
sage in  an  auto,  (a  Dodge)  from  Oroya  to  Tarma  and  on 
to  the  village  known  as  La  Merced  where  the  real  jungle 
starts.  This  trip  was  also  very  interesting  if  one  can  concen- 
trate on  the  scenery  and  not  think  about  the  rate  of  sperd  at 
which  one  passes  over  a  very  dangerous  road.  ( )ne  descends 
at  the  rate  of  50  to  60  kilometers  per  hour  ( about  30  to  35 
miles  per  hour)  over  a  road  which  twists  and  turns  back  and 
forth  and  /;;  places  with  only  ten  to  twelve  inches  to  spare 


326  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

between  the  wheel  tracks  and  the  edge  of  the  cliff,  a  drop  of 
from  100  feet  to  1000  feet  should  the  auto  go  over  ( as  one  did 
only  three  weeks  ago,  killing  all  passengers).  I  was  delighted 
with  the  beauty  and  ever  changing"  scenery  at  every  turn.  First 
at  the  highest  altitudes  only  rocks,  then  a  little  grass  and  shrubs 
and  flowers  and  as  one  reaches  an  altitude  of  5000  to  3000  feet 
the  forests  begin  and  at  2000  feet  tropical  jungles  abound  on 
every  side.  In  one  place  we  passed  under  a  beautiful  water- 
fall the  road  being  cut  into  the  side  of  the  cliff.  Many  streams 
are  crossed  and  some  beautiful  waterfalls  are  seen,  and  all  this 
midst  a  wonderful  flora  such  as  only  the  tropics  can  produce. 
At  La  Merced  one  passes  the  night  at  a  small  hotel  and 
next  day  I  took  mules  and  was  on  my  way  to  Colonia  del 
Perene  one  of  the  five  Haciendas  of  the  Peruvian  Corpora- 
tion where  I  had  arranged  to  stop  and  make  my  headquarters 
with  Sr.  Yalle  Riestra,  a  very  superior  Peruvian  gentleman, 
who  is  in  charge  of  all  the  Haciendas.  Here  I  was  met  by 
my  kind  host,  shown  to  my  room,  and  made  myself  at  home. 
After  about  two  weeks  collecting  in  and  about  the  Colony,  I 
was  furnished  mules  and,  with  a  Chuncha  Indian  boy,  I  passed 
on  over  a  charming  but  very  bad  trail  to  Hacienda  Xo.  3 
of  the  Colony  where  I  spent  a  month  with  my  Indian  boy 
collecting.  Near  the  "Casa"  was  a  small  creek  which  I  named 

o 

Butterfly  creek  because  of  the  great  quantities  of  "Mariposas" 
along  this  stream,  and  in  one  place,  some  distance  up  from 
the  house,  a  beautiful  waterfall,  some  thirty  feet  or  more  high, 
I  called  Cacia  falls  because  of  the  number  of  Morpho  cacia 
taken  here.  My  favorite  location  was  on  top  a  great  boulder  in 
the  center  of  the  stream  where  I  would  sit  by  the  hour  and 
watch  these  gorgeous  beauties  zigzag  up  and  down  along  with 
two  other  species  of  Morpho.  I  found  that  by  pinning  a  bat- 
tered specimen  on  the  rim  of  my  net  these  morphos,  seeing 
the  flash  of  blue  in  the  sunlight,  were  attracted  to  the  net  and 
not  a  few  were  captured  in  this  manner.  I  left  after  twenty- 
eight  days'  actual  collecting  with  1782  specimens  to  miy  credit 
and  my  Indian  boy  brought  in  1002  more,  so  you  see  we  were 
busy. 


xxxvii,  '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  327 

Returning  to  the  Colonia  del  Perene,  I  secured  four  mules 
and  a  driver,  and  with  my  Indian  boy  as  guide  \ve  started  on 
a  two-day  trip  to  Choramazu  with  tent,  provisions  for  one 
month,  camera  and  collecting  outfit.  I  pitched  my  tent  near 
a  beautiful  river,  water  clear  as  crystal  and  fine  and  cold  for 
drinking.  The  first  three  days  were  rainy  and  not  much  taken 
but  the  fourth  day  broke  bright  and  clear  and  I  was  off  at 
eight  o'clock.  I  found  a  small  creek  bed  which  led  away  back 
up  a  ravine  and  following  this  I  came,  here  and  there,  to 
swarms  of  butterflies  resting  in  clamp  places  along  the  stream. 
I  never  saw  so  many  butterflies  in  all  my  experience,  they 
would  rise  in  swarms  of  hundreds  at  times  and  in  other  places 
not  so  many.  There  were  many  species  in  these  swarms  and 
it  was  indeed  hard  for  the  eye  to  follow  any  one  individual, 
zigzagging  in  and  out  among  so  many  other  common  species. 
As  I  passed  on  I  came  to  a  great  monarch  of  the  forest  which 
at  some  time  had  fallen  across  the  stream  formin'-  a  dam  over 

o 

which  the  water  passed  forming  a  beautiful  cascade.  Here  I 
took  my  first  Papilio  za Brians  and  twenty  more  in  the  same 
place  have  since  fallen  into  my  net.  They  are  not  difficult  to 
net  if  you  succeed  on  the  first  stroke  but  once  they  take  alarm 
they  are  off  and  do  not  return  as  many  other  species  of  butter- 
flies do.  I  called  this  "Cascada"  Zagrious  and  here  T  have 
spent  many  hours  of  watchful  waiting  for  these  great  orange, 
yellow  and  black  beauties.  Among  those  taken  were  two  with 
secondaries  almost  all  black.  I  think  it  is  called  Bacciis  or 
Baclnis,  but  am  not  sure.  Cascada  Zag'rious  is  also  my  favorite 
bath  and  I  try  each  day  to  have  a  dip  in  its  cool  refreshing 
waters.  It  beats  any  shower  bath  I  ever  saw  to  sit  under  this 
great  log  allowing  the  water  to  pour  over  one's  shoulders,  and 
is  most  exhilarating  after  a  long  hot  day's  collecting. 

I  heard  many  stories  before  coming  to  the  (.'hauchamayo 
Valley,  of  the  many  dreaded  insect  pests,  the  terrible  Fevers, 
"tigers,"  (they  call  all  jaguars  "tigers"  here),  venomous  snakes, 
etc.,  etc.,  and  many  of  my  friends  urged  me  not  to  go  into  this 
dreaded  region,  but  the  lure  of  nature's  most  wonderful  flora 
and  fauna  led  me  on  and  I  have  survived  two  months  in  the 


328  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

heart  of  the  jungle  and  hope  to  live  through  three  months 
more.  I  am  told  the  death  rate  in  the  valley  is  four  or  five  per 
month  out  of  a  population  of  some  500  people  living-  in  the 
colony  and  scattered  huts  here  and  there,  but  I  think  most 
of  these  can  be  laid  to  improper  protection  and  care,  with  poor 
food. 

I  take  six  grains  of  quinine  daily  as  a  prophylactic  and  take 
a  head  net  to  wear  in  places  where  mosquitoes  are  bad ;  my 
cot  is  covered  with  a  mosquito  net  and  my  tent  door  and 
window  also.  I  use  a  2  per  cent  mercuric  iodide  soap  to  wash 
with  and  at  my  bath  as  well.  This  soap  I  find  disinfects  the 
hands  and  body  from  insect  bites,  etc.,  and  helps  to  heal  any 
wound  or  cut.  It  is  a  Parke,  Davis  and  Co.  product  and  I 
always  carry  it  with  me  on  collecting-  trips  to  the  tropics  or 
at  home.  Another  essential  on  tropical  jungle  trips  is  good 
food  and  plenty  of  it,  for  collecting  is  hard  work  and  the  body 
requires  substantial  food  to  keep  one  going  here.  Our  menu 
today  was  "Outspe,"  a  sort  of  wild  rabbit  without  the  long 
ears ;  they  are  very  palatable  and  my  Indian  boy  knows  where  to 
get  them.  But  to  go  on  with  the  menu :  boiled  rice,  canned 
peas,  crackers,  and  cheese,  cocoa — not  so  bad  for  the  heart 
of  the  jungle.  Another  thing  I  consider  essential  to  good 
health  in  the  jungle  is  a  good  canvas  folding  cot  with  mosquito 
net.  I  also  carry  two  woolen  blankets  and  one  comforter  or 
quilt  and  find  an  air  mattress  adds  considerably  to  one's  com- 
fort. I,  always  wear  light  weight  all  wool  underwear  which 
protects  one  from  chills  should  one  get  soaked  in  a  sudden 
tropical  downpour  and  a  pair  of  light  gloves  with  fingers  cut 
out  would  add  protection  to  the  hands  and  wrists  from  a 
tiny  gnat  found  plentifully  here  while  collecting  or  in  camp. 

[A  later  letter  from  Mr.  Porter,  at  Colonia  del  Perene,  stated 
that  he  expected  to  leave  on  October  1  for  Ecuador,  spend 
three  months  in  that  country  and  then  on  to  Colombia  for 
four  months.  Mr.  Judson  Coxey,  of  the  American  Entomologi- 
cal Society,  plans  to  join  Mr.  Porter  at  Buenaventura,  Co- 
lombia.] 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  329 

Concerning  the  Insect  Collection. 

By   MELVILLE   H.   HATCH.  *    University   of   Michigan. 

While  much  has  been  written  about  the  collecting  nf  insects, 
there  is  relatively  little  concerning  the  organization  of  the  in- 
sect collection.  The  following  treats  of  certain  aspects  of  this 
matter/  The  function  of  the  insect  collection  is  dual,  and  suc- 
cess in  its  maintenance  depends  upon  the  distinctness  with 
which  the  two  are  kept  separate  in  the  collector's  or  curator's 
mind.  They  are  its  reference  function  and  its  research  function. 

The  collection  organized  for  reference  will  contain  a  limited 
number  of  specimens  (which  may  range  upward  from  one  or 
two)  of  each  type  or  form  which  it  is  desired  to  represent. 
Males  and  females,  wherever  distinguishable,  should  be  treated 
as  separate  types,  as  well  as  color  or  structural  variants,  named 
or  unnamed.  In  this  way  a  single  species  may  come  to  be  repre- 
sented by  anywhere  up  to  several  dozen  short  series  of  speci- 
mens in  the  case  of  highly  variable  species.  In  case  the  vari- 
ants recognized  are  not  distinguished  in  the  literature,  they 
should  be  numbered,  lettered,  or  named  in  the  collection  and 
notes  made  as  to  the  distinguishing  characters.  No  attempt 
should  be  made  to  illustrate  geographical  distribution. 

A  collection  of  Coleoptera  so  organized  is  useful  for  the  de- 
termination of  specimens  by  comparison,  for  the  interpretation 
of  the  literature*  for  morphological  purposes  where  occasional 
specimens  may  be  selected  for  dissection,  and  for  the  study  of 
fossils. 

The  scope  of  the  research  collection  is  much  more  extensive. 
As  a  basis  for  the  study  of  individual  variation  or  geographical 
distribution  and  as  the  depository  of  material  that  has  served 
as  the  basis  of  ecological,  life  history,  or  other  studies,  there 
is  no  limit  to  the  number  of  specimens  of  a  type  it  should 
involve.  It  recognizes  that  a  species  is  only  an  induction  based 
on  individual  specimens  and  that  the  larger  the  series  the  more 
valid  the  induction  becomes. 

The  difficulties  of  ever  mounting  costs  and  increasing  insect 

*Contrilnition  from  the  Zoological  Laboratory  of  tlu-  University  nf 
Michigan. 


330  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Dec.,  '26 

boxes,  ultimately  tending  to  terminate  in  chaos,  to  which  the 
private  collection  is  so  frequently  subject,  are  probably  due  in 
great  measure  to  a  failure  to  keep  these  two  functions  separate 
in  mind  and  practice.  A  reference  collection  of  beetles,  if  rigidly 
limited  in  the  number  of  specimens  maintained  per  species  or 
type,  can  be  expanded  to  contain  an  appreciable  portion  even 
of  this  order  without  becoming  unmanageable.  A  thousand 
Schmidt  boxes,  containing  an  average  of  25  to  50  species  each, 
provide  space  for  from  twenty-five  to  fifty  thousand  species. 

The  value  of  a  reference  collection  for  the  individual  student 
of  Coleoptera  or  the  museum  is  of  the  same  general  nature  as 
that  of  the  library. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  is  easy  for  the  research  collection  to 
grow  to  such  an  extent  as  to  become  unmanageable  or  very 
expensive.  Only  the  largest  museums  can  attempt  to  collect 
series  in  all  groups  and  for  all  regions.  Individuals  and  most 
museums  must  confine  their  attempts  to  one  or  a  few  groups 
or  one  or  a  few  regions.  Every  museum,  from  largest  to 
smallest,  should  assemble  series  from  at  least  its  own  immediate 
region  (county,  state,  or  country,  as  circumstances  may  per- 
mit). No  investigator  should,  however,  confine  himself  in 
monographic  work  to  a  single  collection,  but  should  borrow 
material  as  extensively  as  possible. 

The  following  points  may  be  noted  in  the  organization  of  a 
reference  collection.  Each  determination  label  should  bear  in 
addition  to  the  complete  name  of  the  form  (genus,  subgenus  in 
parentheses,  species,  variety,  and  author  of  the  last  component 
of  the  name)  the  name  of  the  determiner  and  year  in  which  the 
determination  was  made,  since  only  thus  may  the  accuracy  of 
the  determination  be  estimated.  The  author  finds  it  impracti- 
cable to  arrange  his  collection  in  one  series  for  the  world.  Not 
only  is  the  Junk-Schenkling  Cole  opt  erorum  Catalogue  not  com- 
pleted, but  its  arrangement  of  species  under  the  genus  is 
alphabetical,  a  most  unsatisfactory  arrangement  for  cabinet 
purposes.  The  Coleoptera  portion  of  the  Genera  Inscc/ontin, 
in  which  the  species  are  arranged  naturally,  to  say  nothing  of 
its  great  cost,  is  still  more  incomplete.  Furthermore,  for  or- 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  331 

clinary  purposes,  only  the  Xearctic  series  is  usually  required. 
Therefore  the  author  arranges  his  collection  in  three  series. 
(1)  The  Nearctic  series  is  arranged  according-  to  the  Leng 
catalogue  or  a  subsequent  revision,  in  which  each  species  label 
is  given  the  Leng  catalogue  number.  (2)  The  European 
series  is  arranged  at  present  according  to  the  Reitter,  Heyden, 
and  Weise  Catalogus  Col  copter  arum  Europac  published  in 
1906.  In  the  future,  however,  collections  from  this  area  should 
be  arranged  according  to  Winkler's  Catalogus  colcoptcroruui 
regionis  palacarcticac,  now  in  process  of  publication,  which  will 
allow  for  the  inclusion  of  species  from  Palaearctic  Africa  and 
Palaearctic  Asia.  The  introduction  of  serial  numbers  in  this 
excellent  work  makes  it  possible  to  place  numbers  on  the  species 
labels  as  with  the  Leng  catalogue.  (3)  An  exotic  series  from 
the  rest  of  the  world  arranged  according  to  the  Coleopterorum 
Catalogus  where  available  and  the  best  obtainable  sources  other- 
wise. The  presence  of  the  species  in  the  collection  is  indicated 
by  placing  an  "x"  before  the  name  of  the  species  in  the  Nearctic 
or  Palaearctic  catalogues.  In  the  Coleopterorum  Catalogus 
an  "'x''  indicates  the  presence  of  a  species  in  the  exotic  series, 
and  a  "N"  or  "P"  its  presence  in  the  Nearctic  or  Palaearctic 
series. 

But  coleopterists  are  mortal !  The  great  Coleoptera  collections 
in  this  country  have  been  willed  to  museums.  Lesser  ones  are 
willed  to  museums  or  broken  up  and  sold.  Each  generation  of 
coleopterists  must  start  in  anew  to  build  up  its  material  equip- 
ment. Further,  at  no  museum  known  to  the  author  in  the 
entire  country,  except  the  National  Museum,  is  there  any  pros- 
pect of  a  succession  of  coleopterists  being  maintained.  Many 
do  not  have  a  coleopterist  at  the  present  time.  The  author, 
therefore,  is  led  to  enquire  whether  or  not  the  advancement  of 
coleopterology  would  be  better  served  by  having  collectionc 
passed  from  individual  to  individual,  so  that  the  pupil  might 
start  in  as  regards  material  equipment  where  the  master  left 
off. 

Several  comments  may  be  made  on  such  a  proposal. 

(  1  )    This  plan  would  be  unnecessary  if  all  mleopleri^ts  were 


332  ENTOMOLOGICAL  .NEWS  [Dec.,  '26 

assured  of  positions  in  or  near  museums  with  large  collections. 
The  possession  of  such  a  collection  would  not  make  a  man  un- 
available for  a  museum  position,  though  it  might  be  necessary 
to  arrange  that  he  should  make  no  additions  to  his  collection 
while  in  the  services  of  the  museum. 

(2)  Special  provisions  might  or  might  not  be  desirable  for 
the  deposition  of  types. 

(3)  Provisions  would  have  to  be  made  so  that  the  bequest 
would  not  become  a  burden  to  the  recipient.     It  might  be  pro- 
vided that  the  recipient  should  select   only  the  material  that 
would  supplement  his  own  reference  series.    The  residue  might 
be  deposited  in  a  museum. 

(4)  A  certain  standard  of  ethics  would  have  to  be  main- 
tained.    Material  secured  in  this  way  should  not  be  subject  to 
sale  at  all  or  to  disposal  except  to  students  who  would  carry 
on  the  original  stipulations. 

Special  collections  involving  extended  series  are  probably 
best  deposited  in  museums  as  at  present. 

Such  a  plan  would  mean  that  large  collections  would  be  not 
alone  in  the  hands  of  middle  aged  men  who  have  spent  all  their 
lives  in  their  formation,  but  in  the  hands  of  young  men  as  well, 
who  would  be  able  to  make  extra  progress  thereby.  At  least, 
let  the  idea  be  considered. 


Additions  to  the  Insects  in  the  United  States 
National  Museum. 

The  U.  S.  National  Museum  has  recentlv  received  as  dona- 

•* 

tions  two  important  collections  of  insects.  One  of  these  is  from 
John  D.  Sherman,  Jr.,  of  Mount  Vernon,  New  York,  com- 
prising about  20,000  specimens  of  water  beetles  of  the  families 
Dytiscidae  and  Haliplidae,  and  representing  about  forty  years 
of  entomological  activity  on  the  part  of  the  donor.  This  Mr. 
Sherman  gives  "in  loving  appreciation  and  honor  of  Dr.  E.  A. 
Schwarz."  The  second  donation  is  from  Dr.  E.  A.  Chapin, 
formerly  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  but  recently  ap- 
pointed to  the  staff  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  as  a  specialist 
in  beetles.  This  collection  comprises  fleas,  lice  and  other  ecto- 
parasites, and  is  the  largest  addition  in  this  group  ever  received 
by  the  museum.  (Science,  Oct.  29,  1926,  pp.  424-5.) 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  DECEMBER,  1926. 


Welcome   to   Philadelphia. 

The  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science 
and  its  affiliated  and  associated  societies,  will  meet  at  Philadel- 
phia, December  27,  1926,  to  January  1,  1927.  The  University  of 
Pennsylvania  and  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Phila- 
delphia offer  meeting-  places  to  the  visitors  and  extend  to  them 
a  cordial  welcome.  Among-  those  coming  to  this  city  the  NEWS 
looks  for  many  entomologists,  who  will  find  a  hearty  greet- 
ing awaiting  them  in  the  Department  of  Insects  of  The 
Academy,  and  on  the  part  of  The  American  Entomological 
Societv. 


Tenth  International  Congress  of  Zoology  in  Budapest,  1927. 
Preliminary  Announcement. 

The  Ninth  International  Congress  of  Zoology  in  session 
at  Monaco  in  March,  1913,  decided  to  hold  the  tenth  meet- 
ing in  1916  at  Budapest.  Hungary,  under  the  presidency 
of  the  undersigned.  Unfortunately  the  events  of  the  war 
made  it  impossible  to  adhere  to  this  decision,  and  the 
meeting  of  the  Tenth  Congress  had  to  be  postponed.  The 
present  international  situation  is  now  such,  however,  that 
this  congress  can  be  held  during  the  coming  year. 

In  accord  with  the  Permanent  Committee  of  the  Inter- 
national Congress  of  Zoology  I  have  the  honor,  therefore, 
to  announce  that  the  Tenth  International  Congress  of 
Zoology  will  meet  in  Budapest,  Hungary,  on  September  4 
to  9,  1927,  and  thai  all  /.oologists  and  friends  of  zoology 
arc  herebv  cordially  invited  to  attend. 

The  detailed  program  of  the  Congress  will  be  issued  before 
the  end  of  the  present  year  and  sent  to  those  interested. 

I  Budapest,  Hungarian  National  Museum,  September  4.  1(>2(>. 

DR.  G.  HORVATH, 
President,  Tenth  International  Congress  of  Zoology. 

Director,    Department  of  Zoology,     Hungarian     National 

Museum. 

333 


334  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Dec.,  '2(> 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   B.   T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

1 — Trans.,  American   Ent.  Soc.,   Philadelphia.     4 — Cana- 
dian  Ent.,    Guelph.     6 — Jour.,  New  York  Ent.  Soc.,  New 
York.     7 — Ann.,  Ent.  Soc.  America,  Columbus,  Ohio.     8— 
Ent.   Monthly   Mag.,    London.     9 — Entomologist,   London. 
10 — Proc.,  Ent.  Soc.  Washington.     12 — Jour,  of  Economic 
Ent.      14— Ent.    Zeitschrift,    Frankfurt    a.    M.      18— Intern. 
Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Guben.     19— Bull.,  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.    20 
— Societas    Entomologica,    Stuttgart.      21 — The    Entomolo- 
gist's Record.     22 — Bull,  of  Ent.  Research,  London.     25— 
Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France.     29 — An.  Rept.,  Ent.  Soc.,  Ontario. 
36 — Trans.,  Ent.  Soc.  London.    39 — The  Florida  Entomolo- 
gist.   48 — Wiener  Ent.  Zeitung.     50 — Proc.,  U.  S.  National 
Museum.     55 — Pan-American   Ent.,    San    Francisco.      57- 
Revue  Men.,  Soc.  Ent.  'Namuroise.    72 — Revue  Russe  d'En- 
tomologie.     75— Ann.  &  Mag.  of  Nat.  Hist.,  London.     77- 
Comptes   R.,   Soc.   Biologic,   Paris.     89 — Zool.   Jahrbucher, 
Jena.      101 — Biological    Bui.,    Woods    Hole.    Mass.      104- 
Zeit.   f.   Wissens.   Zool.,    Leipzig.      107 — Biologisches    Zen- 
tralblatt.      133 — Jour.   Experimental   Zool.     135 — Quarterly 
Jour.  Microscopic.  Sci.     154 — Zool.  Anzeiger,  Leipzig. 

GENERAL.— Boycott,  A.  E.— The  reaction  to  flea 
bites. — Nature,  London,  cxviii,  p.  591.  Britton,  W.  E.— 
Some  insects  and  entomologists. — 29,  Ivi,  p.  55-63.  Chap- 
man, R.  N.  et  al. — Studies  in  the  ecology  of  sand  dune  in- 
sects.— Ecology,  vii,  p.  416-26.  Griddle,  N. — The  entomo- 
logical record  [for  Canada]. — 29,  Ivi,  p.  104-107.  Davis, 
J.  J. — Opportunities  in  entomology. — Proc.  Indiana  Acad. 
Sci.,  xxxv,  p.  299-302.  Essig,  E.  6. — Insects  in  the  Yose- 
mite  museum. — 55,  iii,  p.  43.  Felt,  E.  P. — The  distribution 
of  insects  and  the  significance  of  extralimital  data. — 29,  Ivi, 
p.  44-50.  Fisher  &  Ford. — Variability  of  species. — Nature, 


xxxvii,  '26]  K.\To.\ioi,o<;ic.u.  .\K\vs  335 

London,  cxviii,  p.  515-6.  Flanders,  S. — Insect  enemies  of 
the  codling  moth  in  the  vicinity  of  Ventura,  California.— 
55,  iii,  p.  44-45.  Heikertinger,  F. — Wie  \vird  man  spezial- 
ist?  Erstes  stuck  cler  artikelreihe :  "Die  schule  des  spe- 
zialisten."-—  48,  xliii,  p.  49-68.  Hering,  M. — Die  okologie 
der  blattminierenden  insektenlarven. — Zool.  Bausteine,  Ber- 
lin, i,  253  pp.,  ill.  Huxley,  J.  S. — The  outlook  in  biology.— 
Rice  Inst.  Pamphlet,  xi.  p.  241-338.  Leng,  C.  W.— The 
resting  place  of  some  collections. — 6,  xxxiv,  p.  286-287. 
McGregor,  E.  A. — A  device  for  determining  the  relative 
degree  of  insect  occurrence. — 55,  iii,  p.  29—33.  Meissner, 
O. — Kurze  bemerkungen  iiber  einige  neuere  naturwissen- 
schaftliche  theorien.— 20,  xli,  p.  37-38.  Mote,  Wilcox,  Davis. 
-The  natural  "cleaning  up"  habit  of  insects. — 12,  xix,  p. 
745.748.  Osborn,  H.  F.— The  problem  of  the  origin  of 
species  as  it  appeared  to  Darwin  in  1859  and  as  it  appears 
to  us  to-day. — Science,  Ixiv,  p.  337-41.  Poulton,  E.  B. — 
The  evolution  of  the  colours  and  patterns  of  cuckoo's  eggs 
and  its  relation  to  that  of  insect  resemblances,  such  as  mimi- 
cry.— 36,  1925,  p.  xcvi-civ.  Rau,  P. — The  ecology  of  a  shel- 
tered clay  bank;  a  study  in  insect  ecology. — Trans.  Acad. 
Sci.  St.  Louis,  xxv,  p.  158-276.  ill.  Smith,  H.  S.— The  fun- 
damental importance  of  life-history  data  in  biological  con- 
trol work.— 12,  xix,  p.  708-714.  Stiles,  C.  W.— Notice  of 
request  to  admit  Hubner's  (1806)  ''Tentamen"  to  nomen- 
clatorial  status  under  suspension  of  international  rules. — 
4,  Iviii,  p.  234.  Swezey,  O.  H. — Recent  introductions  of 
beneficial  insects  in  Hawaii. — 12,  xix,  p.  714-720.  Van 
Dyke,  E.  C. — The  value  of  life  history  studies  from 
the  viewpoint  of  systematic  entomology. — 12,  xix,  p.  703- 
707.  Weiss,  H.  B. — Two  quasi  entomological  essays  of  the 
eighteenth  century.— 4,  Iviii,  p.  209-211.  Weiss,  H.  B.— 
Peter  Pindar  and  the  entomology  of  his  poems. — 6,  xxxiv. 
p.  231-24  p.  Wheeler,  W.  M. — Emergent  evolution  and  the 
social. — Science,  Ixiv,  p.  433-440. 

ANATOMY,   PHYSIOLOGY,   ETC.— Abney,    L.— The 

occipital  suture  and  it>  relation  to  a  protocular  sclerite.- 
7,  xix,  p.  286-289.     Altenburg,  E.— A   working  model   for 
demonstrating  the   mosaic  theory  of  the  compound  eye.- 
Brit.  Jour.  Exp.  Biol..  iv,  p.  38-45.     Bodines,  J.  H.— Hydro- 
gen ion  concentration  in   the  blood  of  certain  insects   (Or- 
thoptera).— 101,  li,  p.  363-69.     Cameron,  J.  A.— Regenera- 
tion in  Scutigera  forceps.— 133,  xlvi.  p.   169-79.     Crampton, 
G.  C. — A  comparison  of  the  neck  and  prothoracic  sclerites 
throughout   the   orders   of   insects    from    the    standpoint   of 


336  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

phytogeny. — 1,  Hi,  p.   199-248.     Eisentraut,  M. — Ueber  das 
auftreten  von  chromosomenblaschen  in  den  reifeteilungen 
einiger   acridier. — 104,   cxxviii,   p.   253-66,   ill.      Hargitt,   C. 
W. — Studies  in  behaviorism. — Proc.  Indiana  Ac.  Sci.,  xxxv, 
p.  269-73.     Hein,  H. — Das  punktauge. — Kosmos,  Stuttg.,  x, 
p.  356-9,  ill.     King,  S.  D. — Note  on  the  oogenesis  of  Peripa- 
topsis  capensis. — 135,  Ixx,  p.  553-8.     Oka,  H. — Ein  interes- 
santer  fall  von  korpertorsion  bei  insekten. — 154,  Ixviii,   p. 
205-8,  ill.     Plunkett,  C.  R. — Interaction  of  genetic  and  en- 
vironmental factors  in  development. — 133,  xlvi,  p.  181-244. 
Rudolfs,  W. — Studies  on  chemical  changes  during  the  life 
cycle  of  the  tent  caterpillar   (Malacosoma  americana). — 6, 
xxxiv,  p.  249-256.     Stern,  C. — Eine  neue  chromosomenaber- 
ration   von    D.    melanogaster   und    ihre   bedeutung   fur   die 
theorie  der  linearen  anordnung  der  gene. — 107,  xlvi,  p.  505-8. 
8. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Bradbury,  O.  C. 

—Some  phases  of  the  embryology  of  the  carnation  mite.— 
Jour.  E.  Mitchell  Sci.  Soc.,  xlii,  p.  94-98.     Ewing,  H.  E.- 
The  life  history  and  biology  of  the  tree-toad  chig-ger,  Trom- 
bicula  hylae. — 7,  xix,  p.  261-267.     Flaig,  W. — Spinnen  auf 
der  fischjagd. — Kosmos,  Stuttg.,  x,  p.  339-42,  ill. 

(N)  Savory,  T.  H. — The  classification  of  spiders:  some 
comments  and  a  suggestion. — 75,  xviii,  p.  377-381.  *Vitz- 
thurn,  H.  -— Acari  als  commensalen  von  Ipiden. — 89,  Syst., 
Hi,  p.  406-503. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Fedorow, 

B. — Zur  anatomic  des  nervensystems  von  Peripatus. — 89, 
Anat.,  xlviii,  p.  273-310.  Krafka,  J. — The  so-called  occipi- 
tal suture  in  the  trichopterous  larvae  and  in  other  orders. 
-7,  xix,  p.  281-285.  Wiebe,  A.  H.— The  first  three  larval 
stages  of  Hexageniai  bilineata. — Ohio  Jour.  Sci.,  xxxvi,  p. 
267-75,  ill. 

(N)  *Moulton,  D. — New  American  Thysanoptera. — 1,  Hi, 
p.  119-28,  ill.  *Moulton,  D. — New  California  Thysanoptera 
with  notes  on  other  species. — 55,  iii,  p.  19-28. 

(S)  *Navas,  L. — Insectos  exoticos  neuropteros  y  afines.— 
Broteria,  Zool.,  xxiii,  p.  79-93,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Rummel,  C.— Observations  on  po- 
lygamous and  supposedly  cannibalistic  insects  of  the  order 
Orthoptera. — 19,  xxi,  p.  144. 

(N)  *Hebard,  M. — A  revision  of  the  N.  Amer.  genus 
Belocephalus  (Tettigoniidae). — 1,  Hi,  p.  147-86,  ill. 


i 
XXXVli,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\VS  337 


HEMIPTERA.—  Olsen,  C.  E.—  A  review  of 
monograph  of  the  genus  Deltocephalus.  —  6,  xxxiv..  p.  265- 
268.  Palmer,  M.  A.  —  Life  history  studies  of  >e\  en  described 
species  of  the  genus  Lachnus.  —  7,  xix,  p.  300-330.  Readio, 
P.  A.  —  Studies  on  the  eggs  of  some  Reduviidae.  —  L'niv. 
Kans.  Sci.  Bull.,  xvi,  p.  157-80.  ill. 

(N)  *Ball  and  DeLong  —  Three  new  species  of  Delto- 
cephalus.— 6,  xxxiv,  p.  241-242.  Blatchley,  W.  S.—  Hetm.p- 
tera  or  true  bugs  of  eastern  Xo.  America.  —  Xature  Pub. 
Co.,  Indianapolis,  1116  pp.  ill.  *Dozier,  H.  L.  —  Notes  on 
new  and  interesting  delphacids.  —  6,  xxxiv.  p.  257-263.  *Es- 
sig,  E.  O.  —  The  madroma  aphis.  —  55,  iii,  p.  42-43.  *Knight, 
H.  H.  —  Descriptions  of  eleven  new  species  of  Phytocoris 
from  eastern  North  America  (Miridae).  —  19,  xxi,  p.  158- 
168.  Robinson,  W.  —  The  genus  Erythroneura  north  of 
Mexico.  —  'Univ.  Kans.  Sci.  Bull.,  xvi.  p.  101-156,  ill. 

(S)  *Drake,  C.  J.  —  South  Am.  species  of  the  genus  Tin- 
gis.  —  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  xvii,  p.  83-5.     *Goding,  F.  W.— 
New  Membracidae.—  6,  xxxiv.  p.  243-46;  J79-281.     *Osborn, 
H.  —  Faunistic  and  ecologic  notes  on   Cuban  homoptera.— 
7,  xix,  p.  335-366. 

LEPIDOPTERA.—  Anon.—  Chez  les  papillons.—  Nat. 
Can.,  liii,  p.  49-50.  Beuret,  H.  —  Remarqucs  sur  la  variation 
des  ocelles  de  revers  chez  les  Lycenes.  —  57,  1926,  p.  70-72. 
Clark,  A.  H.—  Our  giant  moths.—  Sci.  Monthly,  1926,  p.  385- 
97,  ill.  Dow,  R.  P.  —  Migration  of  1'yrameis  cardui.  —  6, 
xxxiv,  p.  287-288.  Englehardt,  G.  P.  —  Melitaea  harrisi  from 
Long  Island.  N.  Y—  19,  xxi.  p.  157,  [Fladung,  E.  B.|- 
Common  butterflies  of  Maryland.  —  Bui.  Mary  Acad.  Sci.. 
v,  p.  58-64.  Hayward,  J.  K.  —  Miscellaneous  notes  from 
Argentina.  VI.  —  The  earlier  stages  of  Papilio  thoas  race 
brasilensis.  —  21,  xxxviii,  }>.  130-133.  Kusnezov,  N.  J.  —  Mor- 
phology of  the  copulatory  structure's  in  some  cases  of  gy- 
nandromorphism  in  lepido])tera.  —  101,  li.  p.  245-5n.  Mace, 
H.  —  Pieris  brassicae  and  its  parasite.  Apanleles  glomeni- 
tus.  —  9,  Ixix,  p.  278-79.  Przegendza.  —  (Jeber  Xygaenenbas- 
tardierung.  —  14,  xxxx,  p.  317-319.  Rostand,  J.  —  Intliu-nrc 
dc  diverses  conditions  exterieures  sur  le  Bombyx  dis])aratc\ 

-25,  1926,  p.  151-152.     Rummel,  C.—  Observations  on  the 
propagation   and   behavior  of  Telea   polyphemus.  —  19,   xxi. 
p.     156-57.       Smith,    T.  —  The    breeding    of     lepidoptera.- 
Trans.  N.  Strath.nl  I-ield  Club.  lx,  ]».  96-102.     Stiles,  C.  W. 

—Zoological  nomenclature.     [In  re.  the  "Tentamen"].-  -Sci- 
ence, Ixiv,  p.  381.     Van   Duzee,  E.   P.  —  Interesting  m<>th> 


338  ENTOMOLOGICAL    .\K\VS  [Dec.,    '2<J 

from  Mill  V'alley,  California. — 55,  iii,  p.  33.  Yagi,  N. — Co- 
cooning  behavior  of  a  saturnian  caterpillar  (Dictyoploca 
japonica)  ;  a  problem  in  analysis  of  insect  conduct. — 133, 
xlvi,  p.  245-62. 

(N)  *Barnes,  W.  &  Benjamin. — A  new  Xylomyges  from 
California  (Phalaenidae). — 55,  iii,  p.  12.  *Barnes  &  Benja- 
min.— New  species  of  Coloradia  (Saturniidae). — 55,  iii,  p. 
13-15.  Barnes  and  Benjamin. — Synonymic  notes  on  Arc- 
tiidae. — 55,  iii,  p.  16-18.  *Barnes  and  Benjamin. — A  new 
form  of  Sabulodes  caberata  (Geom). — 55,  iii,  p.  41.  Bell, 
E.  L. — Notes  on  some  Hesperiidae  from  Alabama  (Rhopa- 
locera). — 6,  xxxiv,  p.  269-271.  *Draudt,  A. — Seitz's  Die 
Gross-schmetterlinge  der  erde,  Fauna  Amer.,  Lief.  188, 
189,  Vol.  7,  p.  293-308,  ill.  |  n.  sp.  from  Mexico].  *Gehlen, 
B.— Neue  Sphing-iden.— 18,  xx,  p.  248-252.  *McDunnough, 
J. — A  ne'w  Haploptilia  from  sweet  fern. — 4,  Iviii,  p.  218. 

(S)  *Bouvier,  E.  L. — Additions  a  nos  connaissances  sur 
les  saturniens  hemileucides  des  genres  Catocephala,  Molippa 
et  Micrattacus.— 72,  ii,  p.  205-215.    Hayward,  K.  J.— Miscel- 
laneous   notes    from    Argentina.      V. — Life-history    of    Pa- 
pilio  hellanichus.  Hew. — 21,  xxxviii,  p.  116-120.     May,  E.— 
Lepidopteros  do  genero  Morpho  no  Rio  e  seus  arredores.— 
Bol.  Mus.  Nac.  R.  d.  Janeiro,  ii,  p.  89-90. 

DIPTERA. — Cousin,  G. — Sur  le  retard  cle  la  nymphose, 
la  limite  extreme  du  jeune  et  la  realimentation  possible  des 
larues  de  Calliphora  erythrocephala. — 77,  xcv,  p.  601-3. 
Dunn,  L.  H. — Mosquitoes  bred  from  dry  material  taken 
from  holes  in  trees.— 22,  xvii,  p.  183-187.  Edwards,  F.  W.— 
The  pairing  of  the  bumble-bee  fly. — 9,  lix,  p.  277-278.  Ga- 
britschevsky,  E. — Convergence  of  coloration  between  Amer- 
ican pilose  flies  and  bumblebees. — 101,  Ii,  p.  269-86.  Jezew- 
ska,  M. — Les  changements  de  la  teneur  en  tryptophane  ;iu 
cours  du  developpement  des  chrysalides  des  mouches 
(Musca  vomitoria) — 77,  xcv,  p.  910-12.  Wilcox,  J. — The 
lesser  bulb  fly,  Eumerus  strigatus  in  Oregon. — 12,  xix,  p. 
762-772. 

(N)    Aldrich,  J.   M. — American   two-winged   flies   of  the 
genus  Microphthalma  with  notes  on  related  forms. —  [incl. 
n.   sp.   from  S.  Am.]— 50,  Ixix,  Art.   13.     *Allen,  H.  W.- 
Notes  on  some  N.  Am.  species  of  Achaetoneura  with  a  de- 
scription of  one  n.   sp.    (Tachinidae). — 1,  Iii.  p.   187-98,  ill. 
*Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — The  genus  Dixa  in  Colorado   (Dixi- 
dae. — 10,  xxviii,  p.   166.     *Curran,  C.  H. — Two  new   Cana- 
dian   Psychodidae. — 4,    Iviii,    p.    228-29.      *Enderlein,    G. 
Zur  kenntnis  der  bombyliidensubfamilie  Systropodinae   (n. 


xxxvii,  '26  J  ENTOMOLOGICAL  M-:\vs  339 


gen).  —  48,  xliii,  p.  69-92.  *Felt,  E.  P.  —  A  new  spruce 
midge  (Itonididae).—  4,  Iviii,  p.  229-230.  *Hohman,  W. 
A.  —  Notes  on  Ceratopogoninae.  —  10,  xxviii,  p.  156-159. 
*Hoffman,  W.  A.  —  Two  new  species  of  American  Lepto- 
conops  (Chironomidae).  —  22,  xvii,  p.  133-136.  Johannsen, 
O.  A.  —  Notes  on  the  synonymy  of  some  New  \'ork  state 
Chironomidae.  —  6,  xxxiv,  p.  273-277.  *Johnson,  C.  W.— 
Revision  of  some  of  the  N.  Am.  sps.  of  Mydaidae.  —  Proc. 
Boston  Soc.  N.  H.,  xxxviii,  p.  131-145.  ill.  *Painter,  R.  H.— 
The  lateralis  group  of  the  bombylid  genus  Villa.  —  Ohio 
Jour.  Sci.,  xxvi,  p.  205-12.  *Van  Duzee,  M.  C.—  New  Doli- 
chopus  in  the  Canadian  national  collection.  —  4,  Iviii,  p.  230- 
232.  *Van  Duzee,  M.  C.  —  The  genus  Micropeza  in  North 
America.  —  55,  iii.  p.  1-4.  *Van  Duzee,  M.  C.  —  A  table  of 
the  North  American  species  Hydrophorus  with  the  descrip- 
tion of  a  new  form.  —  55,  iii,  p.  4-12. 

(S)  *Alexander,  C.  P.  —  -Undescribed  species  of  crane 
flies  from  Cuba  and  Jamaica  (Tipulidae).  —  6,  xxxiv,  p.  223- 
230. 

COLEOPTERA.—  Eggers,   F.—  Die   mutmassliche  funk- 
tion    des    Johnstonschen    sinnesorgans    bei    Gyrinus.  —  154, 
Ixviii,  p.  184-92,  ill.   Falcoz,  L.,  —  Sur  les  stigmates  des  larves 
de  curculionides.—  25,   1926,  p.    141-142.     Gowdey,  C.   C.- 
The  banana  fruit-scarring  beetle  (Colaspis  hyperchlora).— 
22,  xvii  p.   137.     Hatch,  M.  H.  —  Palaeocoleopterology.  —  19, 
xxi,  p.  137-142.     Hudson,  H.  F.  —  Egg  studies  of  the  clover 
leaf  curculio   (Sitones  hispidulus).  —  29,  Ivi,  p.  79.     Inukai, 
T.  —  Statistical    studies    on    the    variation    of    stagbeetles.— 
Tr.  Sapporo  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.,  ix,  p.  77-90.  ill.    Kurisakl,  M.— 
On   the   number   of   the   abdominal    segments    and   the    ex- 
ternal differences  between  female  and  male  of  coccinellids. 
[Japanese  with  English  resume].  —  Tr.  Sapporo  Nat.   Hist. 
Soc.,  ix,  p.   141-47,  ill.     Thompson,  W.  L.  —  A  life  history 
study  of  important  lady-beetle  predators  of  the  citrus  aphid. 
-39^  x,  p.  40-46. 

(N)  Chamberlin,  W.  J.  —  Catalogue  of  the  lUtprestidae  of 
No.  America,  north  of  Mexico.  —  Pub.  by  author  at  Corval- 
lis,  Oreg.,  289  pp.  *Chittenden,  F.  H.—  Two  new  species  m 
Attelabus  with  notes.—  10,  xxviii,  p.  162-165.  *Chittenden, 
F.  H.  —  A  new  and  remarkably  large  species  of  Eupagoderes, 
—19,  xxi,  p.  169-170.  Hardy  and  Preece.  —  Notes  mi  sonic 
spcies  of  Cerambycidae  from  the  southern  portion  <>i  Van- 
couver Island,  if.  C.—  55,  iii.  p.  34-40.  *Hatch,  M.  H.- 
Anchomenus  decorus  ab.  syracusensis  nov.  —  6,  xxxiv,  p. 
247-248.  *Hopping,  G.  R.—  A  new  Melasis  with  a  key  to 
the  species.  —  4,  Iviii,  p.  225-9,  ill.  Leng,  C.  W.  —  <  )rtho- 


340  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '2o 

perus  scutellaris. — 6,  xxxiv,  p.  285-286.  Portevin,  G. — Les 
grands  necrophages  du  globe.  Silphini,  Necrodini,  Necro- 
phorini. — Encyc.  Ent.,  Ser.  A,  Pt.  6,  270  pp.  ill.  Wilson,  J. 
W. — Genitalia  of  some  of  the  Coccinellidae. —  lour.  E. 
Mitchell  Sci.  Soc.,  xlii,  p.  63-74. 

(S)  *Bruch,  C. — Nuevos  histeroidos  ecitofilos. — Rev.  Mus. 
de  la  Plata,  xxix,  p.  17-33.  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Some 
tertiary  fossil  insects.—  -  75,  xviii,  p.  313-324.  *Mann,  W. 
M. — New  neotropical  myrmecophiles.  -  -  Jour.  Wash.  Ac. 
Sci.,  xvi,  p.  448-55.  *Mann,  W.  M. — Three  new  termito- 
philous  beetles  from  British  Guiana. — 10,  xxviii,  p.  151-155. 
*Ohaus,  F. — Three  n.  sps.  of  Rutelinae  ( Lamellicornia)  in 
the  Carnegie  museum. — Ann.  Carn.  Mus.,  xvii,  p.  S7-9. 
*Pic,  M. — Sept  coleopteres  exotiques  nouveaux. — 25,  1926, 
p.  153-155.  *Spaeth,  F. — Monographic  der  zur  gruppe  der 
Coptocyclitae  gehorigen  amerikanischen  Cassidinen  :  I.  Die 
gattungen  mit  gekammten  klauen. — Suppl.  Ent.,  Nr.  13. 
108,  pp. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bird,  R.  D.— The  external  anatomy 
of  the  adult  of  Hoplocampa  halcyon  (Tenthredinoidea).— 
7,  xix,  p.  268-279.  Brannon,  C.  H. — Relation  of  tempera- 
ture, light  and  humidity  to  the  behavior  and  longevity  of  a 
joint  worm  parasite  (Eurytoma  sp.). — Jour.  E.  Mitchell 
Sci.  Soc.,  xlii,  p.  99-108.  Flemming,  S. — Ein  auffallender 
nestbefund  bei  hummeln. — 89,  Syst.,  Hi,  p.  395-406.  Gabrit- 
schevsky,  E. —  (See  under  Diptera).  Gautier,  Bonnamour, 
et  Gaumont.— Observations  biogiques  sur  Aphidius  cardui. 
(Braconidae).— 25,  1926,  p.  148-149.  Griswold,  G.  H.- 
Notes  on  some  feeding  habits  of  two  chalcid  parasites. — 7, 
xix,  p.  331-334.  Hannes,  F. — Noch  einmal  "Der  Bienen- 
flugton."- — 107,  xlvi,  p.  563-4.  Karnal,  M. — A  study  of  some 
hymenopterous  parasites  of  aphidophagous  Syrphidae. — 12, 
xix,  p.  721-730.  Leiby,  R.  W. — The  origin  of  mixed  broods 
in  polyembryonic  hymenoptera. — 7,  xix,  p.  290-299.  Mace, 
H. —  (See  under  Lepidoptera.)  Scott,  H. — Ants  collecting 
seeds  of  Chelidonium  majus. — 8,  Ixii,  p.  241.  Tokuda, 
Y. — Studies  on  the  honey  bee,  with  special  reference  to  the 
Japanese  honey  bee. — Tr.  Sapporo  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.,  ix,  p. 
1-27,  ill. 

(N)  *Curran,  C.  H. — A  new  sawfly  infesting-  cottonwood 
in  British  Columbia  (Tenthredinidae). — 4,  Iviii,  p.  233-234. 
*Foutis,  R.  M. — Notes  on  the  Belytinae  with  descriptions 
of  new  species  from  the  state  of  New  York. — 19,  xxi,  p.  145- 
156.  *Frison,  T.  F. — Descriptions  and  records  of  N.  Am. 
Bremidae  together  with  notes  on  the  synonymy  of  certain 
sps.— 1,  Hi,  p.  129-45.  *Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W.— Descriptions 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  341 

of  ne\v  reared  parasitic  hymenoptera  and  some  notes  on 
synonymy. — 50,  Ixix,  Art.  7.  *Walley,  G.  S. — A  new  Saga- 
ritis  from  western  Canada. — 4,  Iviii,  p.  225. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Correction.— Under  General  in 
the  July  number  of  this  journal  p.  217,  we  credited  a  title 
to  W.  Bateson  in  error.  This  should  have  been  E.  B.  Poul- 
ton. 

Opinions  rendered  by  the  international  commission  of 
zoological  nomenclature  No.  97.  Did  Hiibner's  tentamen, 
1806,  create  monotypic  genera?  (Smith's  Misc.  Coll.  Vol. 
71,  No.  4,  p.  19-30. 


DIE  OKOLOGIE  DER  BLATTMINIERENDEN  INSEKTENLARVEN  von 
DR.  MARTIN  HERING.  Zoologische  Bausteine,  Ausschnitte  aus 
dem  Gesamtgebiet  der  Zoologie.  Band  I  Heft  2:1-253,  1926.— 
Dr.  Martin  Hering  is  well  known  as  an  authority  on  leaf- 
mining  insects  and  has  described  more  than  a  score  of  new 
species  especially  in  the  genus  Phytomyza  (Diptera).  His 
papers  have  been  published  in  numerous  German  periodicals 
from  1920  to  1926. 

The  present  paper  "The  Ecology  of  Leaf-Mining  Insect 
Larvae"  summarizes,  in  a  large  measure,  his  previous  work  and 
adds  many  original  observations,  covering  the  field  in  an  admir- 
able manner.  He  has  drawn  freely  from  the  investigations 
of  other  workers  which  greatly  enhances  the  value  of  the  study 
and  he  has  selected  representative  species  from  the  whole  world 
to  illustrate  his  ideas  and  theories  regarding  the  leaf-mining 
habit.  The  task  of  summarizing  the  habits  of  species  so  scat- 
tered in  four  orders  of  insects  is  not  an  easy  one  and  the 
author  has  accomplished  it  remarkably  well.  The  paper  shows 
careful,  painstaking  work  and  keen  observation.  It  contains 
two  hundred  and  fifty  three  pages,  is  well  written  and  amply 
illustrated  with  text  figures  and  includes  two  plates,  one  a  poly- 
chrome showing  color  changes  in  certain  mines.  There  is  in 
addition  an  excellent  bibliography  of  more  than  four  hundred 
entries  arranged  alphabetically  according  to  authors. 

The  study  is  introduced  by  a  definition  of  a  mine  and  a 
description  of  the  tissues  of  a  leaf  eaten  by  leaf-miners, 
nomenclature  of  leaf-mines,  previously  published  by  the  author, 
is  summarized.  Names  are  also  given  for  each  type  of  leaf- 
mine.  \Yhile  this  terminology  may  have  its  value  especially  to 
designate  certain  types  of  mines  hitherto  unnamed,  it  is  doubt- 
ful whether  the  old  mine  names,  in  use  since  tli<-  lime  "t 
Reaumur,  Swammerdam  and  DeGeer  will  ever  be  abandoned. 
In  considering  the  various  types  of  mines,  the  author  apparently 


342  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

does  not  distinguish  between  the  bast-miners  (Marmara  and 
other  genera)  and  the  cambium-miners  (certain  species  of 
Agromyza).  The  former  feed  on  dead  plant  cells  while  the 
latter  feed  on  living  plant  cells. 

A  series  of  chapters  follow  dealing  with  the  various  habits 
and  problems  of  the  miners  in  their  peculiar  abode,  the  leaf. 
They  are  first  reviewed  in  relation  to  miners  of  other  plant 
tissues.  All  are  alike  in  that  they  have  a  similar  protective 
covering  and  take  similar  food.  The  temporary  leaf-miners 
form  a.  connecting  link  between  the  true  leaf-miners  (sta- 
tionary leaf-miners)  and  the  miners  of  other  tissues. 

In  concluding  the  general  discussion  on  miners,  the  author 
gives  a  systematic  arrangement  of  the  mining  genera  with 
criteria  for  determining  to  what  order  of  insects  the  mines 
belong. 

The  author  then  proceeds  to  a  discussion  of  the  leaf-min- 
ing" species,  taking  up  at  first  the  eggs.  The  subsequent  chap- 
ter deals  with  the  course  and  distribution  of  the  mine  on  the 
leaf.  Considerable  space  is  devoted  to  a  discussion  of  the 
larva  in  relation  to  its  mining  habit,  showing  modifications  and 
adaptations  of  the  larvae  to  the  mining;  habit.  Tragardh  has 
been  followed  closely  especially  in  the  discussion  of  the  Lepi- 
doptera.  The  food  habits  are  discussed  in  comparison  with 
the  food  habits  of  the  free- feeding  larvae,  the  principal  dif- 
ference being  that  the  mining  larvae  feed  on  parenchyma  and 
the  sap  of  epidermal  cells  while  the  free-feeding  larvae  eat  a 
wider  range  of  plant  cells.  The  chapter  closes  with  a  dis- 
cussion of  the  Coleophora  and  a  key  to  the  types  of  cases  they 
construct. 

In  discussing  the  nourishment  of  the  larvae,  the  author  points 
out  conditions  peculiar  to  leaf-mining  larvae  such  as,  the 
added  protection  from,  the  coverings  of  the  mine,  the  higher 
temperature  and  the  greater  moisture  conservation  in  the 
mine.  In  logical  sequence  a  description  of  Monophagous,  Poly- 
phagous  and  Oligophagous  miners  follows,  with  a  list  of  the 
plant  families  and  the  insects  mining  upon  them. 

The  discussion  of  the  disposal  of  the  excrement  brings  up 
new  ecological  problems  which  have  been  discussed  but  little 
in  literature.  The  larvae  show  ingenious  ways  of  avoiding 
their  waste  material. 

The  chapter  on  the  change  of  color  in  the  mine  involves 
considerable  chemistry  and  botany.  Certain  conditions  within 
the  mine  as  the  presence  of  frass  and  the  interference  with 
the  fibrovascular  bundles  introduce  new  factors  in  connection 
with  the  leaf-mining"  larvae.  Reference  is  also  made  to  the 
change  in  color  of  certain  larvae. 


XXXvii,    '26]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  343 

A  chapter  is  devoted  to -the  miners  of  aquatic  plants.  Some 
excellent,  original  observations  are  added,  especially  concern- 
ing certain  females  that  descend  into  the  water  to  lay  their 
eggs  and  certain  larvae  that  fall  into  the  water  and  seek 
new  leaves  in  which  to  mine. 

The  part  dealing  with  the  enemies  of  leaf-miners  is  largely 
new,  especially  the  inquilines  of  miners  and  the  symbiotic  or- 
ganisms as  the  yeasts,  bacteria  and  molds  that  live  in  the  mine. 

The  author  goes  into  considerable  detail  concerning  the 
nature  of  the  injury  to  the  plant,  discussing  the  proliferation 
of  the  parenchyma  calls  in  the  mine  chamber  in  an  attempt  of 
the  plant  to  overcome  the  injury.  This  response  of  the  plant 
eventually  leads,  in  some  species,  to  the  production  of  galls. 

The  concluding  chapter  deals  with  the  geographical  distri- 
bution of  leaf -miners  and  a  word  about  specialists  who  are 
studying  leaf-miners. 

We  believe  that  this  paper  is  a  valuable  contribution  to 
entomology  and  especially  to  our  knowledge  of  the  leaf-min- 
ing insects,  and  should  be  highly  valuable  not  only  to  the 
student  of  leaf-mining  insects  but  to  the  ecologist,  the  plant 
physiologist,  the  morphologist  and  to  those  who  desire  to 
become  better  acquainted  with  some  of  the  most  interesting  and 
highly  specialized  of  insect  life-histories. 

S.  W.  FROST. 


Two  Recent  Text-books  on  Ecology 

ANIMAL  ECOLOGY.  By  A.  S.  PEARSE,  Professor  of  Zoology, 
University  of  Wisconsin.  McGraw-Hill  P>ook  Co.,  Inc.,  New 
York,  1926.  Pp.  ix,  417.  $4.00— ANIMAL  ECOLOGY  WITH  ES- 
PECIAL REFERENCE  TO  INSECTS.  By  ROYAL  N.  CHAPMAN,  The 

University  of  Minnesota.  Burgess-Brooke,  Inc.,  Minneapolis, 
1925.  [The  Preface,  however,  is  dated  June,  1926.]  Pp.  ix, 
187,  183.  $4.85. — The  former  is  a  volume  printed  as  usual  on 
both  sides  of  each  leaf,  measuring  9^4x6x1  J4  inches;  the  lat- 
ter is  mimeographed  on  one  side  only  of  each  leaf  resulting 
in  a  tome  lOj^xS^xl^  inches,  weighing  3  pounds,  15  ounces, 
and  so  bound  as  to  require  considerable  muscular  effort  to 
keep  it  open  at  a  desired  place.  Prof.  Pearse  tells  us  that 
"Animal  ecology  may  be  said  to  have  three  chief  aspects:  (I) 
descriptive,  (2)  quantitative,  (3)  analytic  and  synthetic";  his 
own  book  is  a  descriptive  ecology  and  catalogues  a  large  num- 
ber of  ecological  facts.  Prof.  Chapman's  work  belong  in  the 
second  division:  "Quantitative  data  have  been  presented  as 
far  as  possible"  (p.  ii).  In  the  tir.sl  1 k  the  subject  inatlrr 


344  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Dec.,    '26 

is  grouped  under  Physical,  Chemical,  (Chap.  II)  and  Bio- 
logical (III)  Factors,  Succession  (IV),  Marine  (V),  Fresh- 
water (VI )  and  Terrestrial  (VII)  Animals,  Relations  of  Ani- 
mals to  Plants  (VIII)  and  to  Color  (IX),  Intra-  (X)  and 
Inter-  (XI)  Specific  Relations  and  the  Economic  Relations  of 
Ecology  (XII).  The  subject  matter  of  the  second  volume  is 
treated  as  A.  Autecology  and  B.  Synecology.  These  terms, 
proposed  by  Schroter  in  1910,  are  equivalent  respectively  to 
the  "individual  ecology"  and  "associational  ecology"  of  C.  C. 
Adams  of  1913.  Autecology  of  Chapman  thus  considers  the 
topics  dealt  with  in  Pearse's  chapters  II-IV  and  parts  of  IX- 
XI,  while  Synecology  embraces  much  of  Pearse's  chapters  IV- 
VII  and  XII.  As  an  illustration  of  Prof.  Chapman's  view- 
point, the  following  paragraph  from  the  .discussion  of  biotic 
potential  may  be  quoted  (pt.  I,  pp.  145-6)  ;  "In  the  considera- 
tion of  the  effects  of  the  various  physical  factors  of  the  environ- 
ment, some  indication  was  given  of  the  amount  of  information 
which  has  accumulated  with  regard  to  the  action  of  these  fac- 
tors. In  general,  this  information  is  all  measured  in  terms  of 
physical  processes  and  in  addition  to  this  there  is  no  standard 
method  of  tabulating  it.  It  is  possible  that  when  we  have 
terse  methods  of  expressing  these  effects  in  terms  of  their 
action  on  organisms,  the  day  may  come  when  tables  will  be 
prepared  of  the  various  physical  coefficients  and  constants  of 
species  in  much  the  same  way  that  we  now  have  them  for 
the  various  elements  and  their  compounds  in  the  physical  and 
chemical  tables.  This  would  be  a  striking  contrast  to  our  pres- 
ent method  of  burying  quantitative  data  in  long  descriptive 
papers.  It  would  make  it  possible  for  future  generations  to 
obtain  a  brief  summary  of  the  knowledge  of  the  past  without 
going  thru  untold  numbers  of  volumes."  In  Prof.  Pearse's 
ninth  chapter  insects  naturally  receive  much  attention  and  he 
is  more  sympathetic  with  theories  of  warning  coloration  and 
of  mimicry  than  most  American  writers  have  been  in  spite  of 
his  slap  at  ''the  enthusiasm  that  is  so  characteristic  of  the 
Poultonean  School."  Heterodox  is  the  statement  that  "the 
insect  pupa  that  is  formed  as  an  outgrowth  from  the  larva  is 
to  be  interpreted  as  a  separate  generation  from  the  larva" 
(p.  341).  Both  works  contain  extensive  bibliographies;  Prof. 
Pearse's  unfortunate  practice  of  quoting-  frequently  from  late 
editions  of  his  authors  (e.g.  Bates  1892,  Wallace  1905 — p. 
311)  can  not  fail  to  give  a  distorted  historical  perspective  to 
unsophisticated  readers,  but  his  book  is  provided  with  an  index, 
which  Prof.  Chapman's  lacks. 

P.  P.  CALVERT. 


INDEX    TO    VOLUME    XXXVII. 


(•"indicates  new  genera,  species  or  varieties) 
ABBOTT,  C.  E.     Notes  on  the  habits  of  Formica  dakotensis 

specularis    210 

ALDRICH,   J.    M.      Occurrence   of   Alorcllia   podagrica   in 

North    America 119 

The  Dognin  collection  of  Lepidoptera  at  the  U.  S.  Na- 
tional   Museum 55 

ALEXANDER,  C.  P.  Underscribed  species  of  crane-flies  from 

the  eastern  United  States  and  Canada.    Parts  II,  III  44,  291 
ALLEN,  H.  W.    Observations  upon  the  early  mag-got  stage 

of  Linnacniyia  conita  (ill.) 283 

BARNES  &  BENJAMIN.     On  the  genus  Anomis 78 

On  the  nomenclature  of  a  species  of  P elites 269 

Types  of   North  American   lepidoptera  in  the   Natural 

History   museum,    Vienna 139 

BARBER,  G.  W.  A  short  list  of  Scutelleroidea  collected  in 

New  Mexico  in  1916 43 

BARBER,  H.  G.     Obituary:  Ernst  Evald  Bergroth 190 

BASINGER,   A.   J.     Thanaos   clitus   in   California 301 

BATES,  D.  M.     A  generic  correction 154 

BELL,  E.  L.     Remarks  on  Hcspcria  freija 109 

BENJAMIN,  F.  H.   (see  Barnes  &  Benjamin.) 
BLATCHLEY,  W.  S.     Some  new  Miridae  from  the  Eastern 

U.  S..  163 

CALVERT,  P.  P.     Anniversary  congratulations  to  Vienna 

(Ed.)   153 

The  entomological  work  of  Henry  Skinner  (ill.) 225 

Entomology  at  the  "Convocation  Week"  meetings,  De- 
cember 28,  1925,  to  January  2,  1926.     (Ed.) .54 

Ezra   Townsend  Cresson    (Obituary)    (ill.) 161 

Henry   Skinner    (Ed.) 215 

The  need  for  systematic  entomologists   (Ed.) 116 

Obituary :   Harold   Maxwell   Lefroy 94 

345 


346  INDEX 

Obituaries :    Edward   Albert   Butler ;    Sigmund   Exner ; 

G.  B.  Grass!  126 

Obituary :  Fernand  Meunier 312 

Obituary :    Harry    Arthur    Gossard 64 

Obituary :   Jean   Jacques   Kieffer 280 

Obituary:   Louis   Bartholomew  Woodruff 160 

Obituary :    Walter   David    Hunter 32 

Obituary  notice  of  Franz  Friedrich  Kohl 31 

Proof-reading  and  the  News   (  Ed. ) 82 

Review  :  Concerning  the  habits  of  insects 124 

Review:  Estudios  entomologicos  lepidopteros 160 

Review :  North  American  dragonflies  of  the  genus  So- 

matochlora    90 

A  suggestion  for  subject  indexes  (Ed.) 17 

Two  recent  text-books  on  ecology   (Rev.) 343 

Welcome  to  Philadelphia  (Ed.) 333 

CHAMPLAIN  &  KNULL.     Bait  pan  insects 288 

Notes  on  Cerambycidae  with  descriptions  of  new  species  205 
COCKERELL,  T.  D.  A.    Entomological  experiences  in  South 

America 133 

A  new  parasitic  bee  from  Colorado. 107 

CRESSON,  E.  T.,  Jr.    Entomological  bibliography  of  Henry 

Skinner    234 

Entomological  literature   (see  under  General  subjects.) 
List   of   new   genera   and   species   described   by   Henry 

Skinner    246 

Review :  Applied  entomology 188 

CURRAN,  C.  H,  Concerning  the  genus  Chalco-myia 299 

DAVIDSON,  W.  M.     A  new  Californian  syrphid 40 

DIDLAKE,  M.     Observations  on  the  life-histories  of  two 

species  of  praying  mantis  (ill.) 169 

EWING,  H.  E.  Key  to  the  known  adult  trombiculas 
(adults  of  chiggers)  of  the  New  World,  with  descrip- 
tions of  two  new  species Ill 

Two    new    spider    mites   (Tetranychidae)    from    Death 

Valley,    Cal 142 

FELT,  E.  P.    A  new  predaceous  midge  on  roses 141 


INDEX  .J47 

FERRIS,  G.  F.    Collecting-  Homoptera  in  Mexico 182 

FISIIKR,  \V.  S.     A  new  Acmacodcra  from  Nevada  infest- 
ing-  Purshia 114 

FLETCHER,  R.  K.     Notes  on  a  migration  of  the  snout  but- 

terfly    106 

FORBES,  W.  T.  M.     Review:  Biologic  dcr  schmctterlinge  309 

Fox,  H.     Conocephalus  mgroplcurus  in  Pennsylvania...  180 
FROST,  S.  W.     Review:  Die  oekolog-Je  der  blattminieren- 

den    insektenlarven 341 

GUNDER,  J.  D.     Butterfly  collections  in  book  style  (ill.  )  281 

A  new  and  inexpensive  lining  for  insect  boxes 152 

Several  new  aberrant  lepidoptera   ( ill. ) 1 

HAIMBACII,  F.    Obituary  :  Henry  W.  Wenzel  ( ill. ) 29 

HARRIS,  H.  M.     Notes  on  some  American  Nabidae 287 

HATCH,  M.  H.     Concerning  the  insect  collection 329 

Thomas  Lincoln  Casey  as  a  coleopterist 175,  198 

HERRICK,  G.  W.     The  "ponderable"  substance  of  aphids  207 

HOLLAND,  W.  J.     Obituary:  George  Alexander  Ehrman  95 

HOLT,  E.  G.     On  the  new  arachnid  genus  Tijuca 85 

HORVATH,  G.     Tenth  international  congress  of  zoology  in 

Budapest,    1927.      Preliminary  announcement 333 

HOTTES,  F.  C.  (see  Maxson  &  Hottes.) 
HOWARD,  L.  O.     The  people  are  becoming  better — espe- 
cially the  entomologists 300 

INCH  AM,  C.     Butterfly  show  in  Los  Angeles 83 

Collecting  in  the  West   57 

JONES,   F.   M.     The   rediscovery  of   "Hesperia  bulenta," 

with  notes  on  other  species   ( ill.) 193 

KNATS,    W.     The   coleoptera   of   the   sandhill    region   of 

Aledora,  Reno  County,  Kansas 262 

KNIGHT,  H.  H.     Capsus  c.rtcnnts  is  a  Paracalocoris.  . .  .  258 
Description  of  four  new  species  of  Plagiognathus  from 

the  eastern  L".  S 9 

A  key  to  the  North  American  species  of  Macroloplms 

with  descriptions  of  two  new  species 313 

KNIGHT,    P.      Teaching    elementary    entomology    in    the 

United  States  and  Canada.  144 


348  INDEX 

KNULL,  J.  N.   (See  Champlain  &  Knull. ) 

LACROIX,  D.  S.    Miscellaneous  observations  on  a  cranberry 

scale,  Targionia  dearnessi   249 

LITTLE,  V.  A.     Notes  on  the  Acrididae  of  Brazos  County. 

Texas ' .   316 

McATEE,  W.  L.     Notes  on  Nearctic  Hemiptera 13 

Vernacular   names   for   insects 269 

McMuRRAY,  N.     Ceratina  dupla 1 10 

Cocoon  spinning 118 

Oviposition    of   Brenthis   bellons 57 

MASON,  F.  R.     Coleoptera  from  Nevada  and  Arizona.  .     84 
MAXSON  &  HOTTES.    Georgiaphis  nom.  n.  for  Georgia.  .  .  .   266 

A  new  tribe  and  a  new  species  in  the  subfamily  Pem- 

phiginae   (ill.)    129 

METCALF,  Z.  P.    A  killing  bottle  for  collecting  small  active 

insects  ( ill. )    203 

NEAVE,  F.     Notes  on  some  Alberta  Bombidae 252 

OSBURN,  R.  C.    A  new  species  of  the  genus  Condidca.  ...      51 
PAINTER,  R.  H.     Notes  on  the  genus  Parabombylius . ...      73 

Notes  on  the  prey  of  Asilidae 154 

PARMAN,  D.  C.     Migrations  of  the  long-beaked  butterfly, 

Libythca  bachmani 101 

PAYNE,  N.  M.     Landmarks  in  the  history  of  the  study  of 

insect    hibernation 99 

PORTER,  A.  F.     Collecting  in  South  America 325 

ROOT,  F.  M.     Review:  Insects  and  disease  of  man 62 

SHANNON,  R.  C.  &  E.  S.     A  dipterological  tour  in  Eu- 
rope        149 

SHEPARD,  H.  H.    Notes  on  the  distribution  of  Hesperiidae 

in   western   Massachusetts 319 

SKINNER,  H.    Enodia  portlandia,  andromacha  and  creola     42 

Review :    Manual   of   injurious   insects 62 

SMITH,  E.  J.     Erebus  odora  in  Massachusetts 324 

SMITH,  M.  R.     Assistance  wanted  in  the  study  of  ants.  .      53 

SNODGRASS,  R.  E.     Review:  Dytiscus  marginalis 24 

STILES,  C.  W.    Notice  of  request  to  admit  Hiibner's  "Ten- 

tamen"   to   nomenclatorial   status   under   suspension   of 

international  rules 268 


INDEX 


349 


TITHERINGTOX.  R.  J.     Minutes  of  The  American  Entom- 
ological Society 189 

WEISS,   H,   B.     An  early   record   of  a   commercial  ento- 
mologist      82 

The  entomological  observations  of  John   Esquemeling, 

buccaneer,  on  the  island  of  Hispaniola  in  1666 70 

A  few  additions  to  the  diptera  of  New  Jersey 18 

Frank  Cowan  and  his  ''History  of  Insects" 212 

Holothrips  major,  a  correction   84 

Insects  as  litigants 297 

WELLS,  A.  B.     Notes  on  tree  and  shrub  insects  in  south- 
eastern Pennsylvania 254 

WILLIAMS,  R.  C.    The  butterflies  of  Avon.  Connecticut.  .  97 

WYATT,  A.  K.     Obituary :  John  L.  Healy 128 

GENERAL   SUBJECTS  France,   Entomological  society 

of,    Prize    fund 301 

American    Entomological    So-  ~ 

-,.  1on       Genera    and    species    described 

ciety,    Minutes 189  _   . 

.      .  .     .  by  Henry  Skinner 246 

Anniversary  congratulations  to  ,     ~          .  _.. 

,,.  1C,       Hibernation,     History    of    the 

Vienna  study  of...  99 

Bait  pan  insects  .  288       Risto;y  of  .^^  Cowan>s__     212 

Bibliographical    entomological  Insects  attacked  by  insects 

R.?;Ctl°na7  142,  154,  169,  283 
Bibliography   of   Henry   Skni-  International  congress  of  zool- 
ogy,   Tenth 333 

Celotex  for  lining  insect  boxes  152      Kansas    entomological    society 

Changes  of  address,  56,  81,  215,  301  pi.    x{{ 190 

Collecting    in    South    America  325       Killing    bottle    for    small    ac- 

Collecting  in  the  west.,  tive   insects    (ill.) 203 

Collection,  Concerning  the....  329       Landmarks   in   the   history   of 

Collections  in  book  style  (ill.)  281           the  study  of  insect  hiberna- 

Commercial      entomologist,  tion    99 

Early     82       Lecture  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt ....     57 

Convocation    week    meetings.     54       Lining   for  insect  boxes 152 

Cowan's    history    of    insects..  212       Literature,    Entomological 

Dognin   collection 56          20,  58,  85,  120,  155,  183,  216,  270, 

Elementary     e  n  t  o  m  o  1  o-  302,   334. 

gy,    Teaching 144       Litigants,     Insects    as 297 

Entomological  work  of  Henry  National     museum     (U.    S.), 

Skinner  225           Additions    to    the    insects..   332 

Experiences    in    South    Amer-  Observations   of   John   Esque- 

ica    133          meling     70 


350 


INDEX 


People   becoming   better 300 

Plants  attacked  by  insects,  13,  114, 
129,    141,   163,  205,  249,  254. 

Plants    visited    by    insects,   42,   73, 
133,  254. 

Prize   fund  of  the  entomolog- 
ical society  of  France 301 

Proof-reading    82 

Shrub  insects  in  Pennsylvania  254 

Skinner,    Entomological    work 
of   Henry 225 

Subject     indexes,      Suggestion 
for     17 

Systematic    entomolog- 
ists,    Need    for 116 

Teaching      elementary      ento- 
mology        144 

Text-books    on    ecology,    Re- 
cent      343 

Third  international  congress  of 
entomology    92 

Tree    insects    in    Pennsylvania  254 

Types    in    the   natural    history 
museum,    Vienna 139 

Vermin-exterminators,  Ants  as     83 

Vernacular    names 269 

Vienna    natural    history    mu- 
seum,   Types    in 139 

Vienna,      Zoological-Botanical 
Society,  75th  anniversary. ..  .153 

Welcome  to  Philadelphia 333 

OBITUARY  NOTICES 

Bergroth,  E.  E 190 

Butler,    E.    A 126 

Cresson,    E.    T.    (port.) 161 

Ehrman,   G.    A 95 

Exner,     S 126 

Gossard,   H.  A 64 

Grassi,   G.   B 127 

Healy,  J.   L 128 

Hunter,   W.    D 32 

Kieffer,    J.    J 280 

Kohl,  F.  F 31 

Lefroy,    H.    M.... 94 


Mann,    B.    P 192 

Meunier,    F 312 

Skinner,  H.   192,  215,  225    (port.) 

Wenzel,  H.  W.    (port.) 29 

Woodruff,  L.  B 160 

PERSONALS 

Ball,   E.   D 19 

Barber,   H.   G 56 

Barnes,   H.   F 267 

Bequaert,    J 216 

Britton,  W.  E 19 

Casey,  T.  L.  as  a  coleopterist 

175,  198 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A 215 

Cowan,   F 212,  233 

Esquemeling,    'J 70 

Felt,  E.  P 19,  57 

Ferris,  G.  F 117,  182 

Greene,  C.  T 1 17 

Herrick,  G.  W 19 

Hull,   F.  M 56 

Kellogg,    V.    L 56 

Knight,    H,.    H 56,  324 

Leonard,    M.    D 267 

Liljeblad,    E 19 

Lindsey,  A.  W 267 

Lochhead,  W 181 

Melander,  A.  L 215 

Mickel,  C.  E 267 

Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W 19,  56 

Nicolay,  A.  S 19 

Porter,    A.    F 16,  204 

Rohwer,  S.  A 267 

Sandhouse,   G 19 

Shannon,    R.    C 117 

Sherman,  F 19 

Tillyard,    R.   J 154 

Viereck,    H.    L 267 

REVIEWS 

Balfour-Browne :     Concerning 

the  habits  of  insects 124 

Chapman:    Animal    ecology..  343 

Fernald:  Applied  entomology.  188 


INDEX 


351 


Fox :    Insects    and    disease    of 

man  62 

Hering:  Biologic  der  schmet- 

terlinge  309 

Hering:  Oekologie  der  blatt- 

minierenden  insektenlarven.  341 
Herrick:  Manual  of  injurious 

insects  62 

Korschelt :  Dytiscus  margiu- 

alis  24 

Pearse  :  Animal  ecology 343 

Rojas :  Estudios  entomologi- 

cos  lepidopteros  160 

Walker:  North  American  dra- 

gonflies  of  the  genus  Soma- 

tochlora    90 

GEOGRAPHICAL 

DISTRIBUTION 

Alabama:   Hem.,  313.   Lep.,  42. 
Arizona:   Col.,  84.   Dip.,  73.  Hem,, 

13. 
California:    Arach.,    142.    Dip.,   40. 

Lep.,  1,  301. 
Canada:  Dip.,  42,  291.  Hem.,  313. 

Hym.,  252.  Lep.,   1. 
Central   America:    Arach.,   111. 
Colorado:   Hem.,  287.   Hym.,    107. 

Lep.,  109. 
Connecticut:       Dip.,     291.      Hem., 

313.  Lep.,  97. 

'District   of   Columbia:    Hem.,   313. 
Florida:    Col.,   205.    Dip.,   44,   291. 

Hem.,  13,  163,  258.     Lep.,  42,  78. 
Georgia :    Dip.,   44.    Lep.,   42. 
Illinois:   Col.,  205.  Hem.,  313. 
Indiana:  Dip.,  291.  Hem.,  163,  313. 
Iowa:  Hem.,  129,  313. 
Kansas:  Col.,  262.  Hem.,  313. 
Kentucky:    Orth.,    169. 
Maryland:   Hem.,   13,  313. 
Massachusetts:      Dip.,     42.      Hem, 

249.  Lep.,  319,  324. 
Michigan  :  Dip.,  291. 
Mississippi :  Dip.,  73,  283. 


.Missouri:   Hem.,  313. 

Xcvada:   Col.,  84,   114. 

New   .k-rsey:    Dip.,   18.   Hem.,   313. 

XY\v   Mexico:    Dip.,   73.   Hem..  43. 

Xe\v    York:    Dip.,    141.     Hem.,    9. 

13,  313. 
Xorth    Carolina:    Hem.,    I'i3,    313. 

Lep.,  193. 

Xorth  Dakota  :  Dip.,  51,  291. 
Ohio:  Dip.,  73. 
Oregon:  Col.,  205.  Dip.,  119.  Hem., 

13. 
Pennsylvania:  Col.,  254,  288.  Dip., 

288.    Hem.,    9,    13,    254.    Hym., 

110,    254,    288.    Lep.,    254.    Neu., 

288.  Orth.,  180. 
South  America:  Arach.,   111.  Col., 

133.  Hem.,  287.  Hym.,  133,  Lep.,' 

325. 

Tennessee:   Dip.,  291. 
Texas:    Dip.,    73,    154.    Hem.,    13. 

Lep.,   101.   Orth,  316. 
Virginia :  Col,  205.  Dip,  42.  Hem, 

9.  Lep,  193. 
Washington:   Hem,   13. 
Wisconsin:   Hym,  210. 

ARACHNIDA 

allcci*,    Trombicula    Ill 

Chiggers    (See    Trombicula) 

coarclata,  7  roinhiciilu 113 

drummondi*,  Pctrobia  143 

irritant,    Troiuhicula    113 

Key  to  1'rtimbicuhi  of  the  New 

World     Ill 

pcruviancfr,  Troinhiciila   112 

Petrobia     (See    drummondi) 
Spider  mites  from   Death  Val- 
ley        142 

xf-h-ndcns,    Tnnnbicula    113 

Tetranychidae    142 

Tefranyclnis    (  See    thcnnofhi- 

lus } 

thermophilus*,  Tcfraiiyclins  . .   142 
Tijncit,    Xote    on 85 


352 


INDEX 


Trombicula,      Key      to      New 

World    species Ill 

Trombidoidea   Ill 

COLEOPTERA 

Actnacodcra     infesting     Pur- 

shia   114 

Ayrilus      (see      cuprcomacula- 

tus) 

Ataxia  (see  brunucus) 
bidcntatus*   Paraopsimus    ....   205 
Bolboceras   (see  fossatus) 

brunncus*,   Ataxia    206 

Buprestidae   114 

Canthon   (see  lecontei) 

Cerambycidae    205 

cuprcomaculatus,  Agrilus   ....     85 

fossatus,    Bolboceras    264 

lecontei,    Canthon     263 

mormon.    Strategics    265 

Paraopsimus*   205 

purshiac*,  Acmacodera   114 

Sandhill     region    of    Medora, 

Kansas,    Coleoptera    of. .  . .  262 
Stratcgus   (see  mormon) 

DIPTERA 

Aedes  (see  taeniorhynchus) 

albopencillatns,   Parabombylius     75 

anomala,  Chalcomyia   299 

Asilidae,   Prey  of    154 

ater,    Paraboinbyiius    75 

atra,  Chalcosyrphus  299 

avis*,   Rhaphidolabis    50 

beckcri,    Chalcomyia    299 

bremfurcata*,  Tipula   291 

Cecidomyiidae     141 

Ccriodcs  (see  dnrani) 
Chalcomyia  (see  beckcri,  ano- 

Wfo/fl,  dcprcssa) 
Chalcosyrphus    (see  atra) 

cointa,  Llnnaemyia  283 

concava*,    Tipula    294 

Condidea  (see  transvcrsa,  I  at  a, 

sc.rfasciata  ) 


cniiiiptoni*,    Dicranoinyia 47 

Crane  flies    (See  Tipulidae) 
Culicoidcs    (see  furens) 

cwrani*,    Dicranota     50 

dcpressa,  Chalcomyia   299 

Dicranomyia    (see    rogcrsiana, 

lacroixi,  cramptoni) 
Dicranota    (see   currani) 
dolorosus,  Parabomybylius  ...     75 

durani*,   Ceriodcs    (ill.) 40 

Fclticlla    (see  ithacae) 

floridensis*,  Tipula  292 

furcns,    Culicoidcs    73 

Hcxatoma    (see   microccra) 

ithacae*,  Fclticlla    141 

lacroixi*,  Dicranomyia    46 

lata,    Condidea     53 

Linnacmyia  cointa,  Early  mag- 
got   stage    (ill.)     283 

macnlosus*,  Parabombylius   . .     78 
Maggot    stage    of    Linnacmyia 

cointa  (ill.)    283 

microccra*,   H'fxatoma    49 

Midge  on  roses,  Predaceous..    141 
Morellia    podagrica    in    North 

America    119 

Muscidae    1 19 

Nematocera,  Interrelationships 

of  the    (ill.)    33,  65 

New  Jersey  diptera,  Additions 

to 18 

Observations  Upon  early  mag- 
got stage  (ill.)  283 

Paraboinbyiius  (see  atcr,  albo- 
pcncillatits,  dolorosus,  macu- 
losus.  subflavus,  syndemus, 
rittatus,  pulclicr) 

parveinaryinata*,  Tipula  295 

podagrica,  Morellia  119 

Predaceous  midge  on  roses...  141 
Prey  of  Asilidae,  Notes  on..  154 
Psychodoid  diptera,  Thoracic 

sderites    of     (ill.)     33,    65 

pulcher*,,  Parabombylius  76 

Rhaphidolabis  (see  or/.?) 


INDEX 


353 


rogcrsiana*,  Dicranomyia   ....  45 

scxfasciata,  Condidea  53 

Simulinin     73 

subflavus*,  Paraboinbylius  ...  76 

syndcsmus.   Parabombylius    . .  74 

Syrphidae    40,  51,  299 

Tachinidae     283 

tacniorhynchus,   Aedes    72 

Thoracic  sclerites,   Phylogene- 

tic  study  of   (ill.)    33,  65 

Tipula  (see  brevijurcata,  flori- 

dcnsis,    concava,    parvemar- 

ginata) 

Tipulidae  44,  291 

Tour   in    Europe,    Dipterolog- 

ical  149 

transversa*,  Condidea 51 

I'ittatus*,   Paraboinbylius    ....  77 

HEMIPTERA 

Aethalion  (see  quadratum) 

albiconris*,  Sixcnotus    167 

Alcaeorrhynchits  (see  grandis) 

Aphididae    129,    266 

Asarcopus  (see  palmarum) 
atricornis,  Elasmostethus    ....     13 
atricornis*,    Plagiognathus    .  .       9 
Atyinna  (see  castancac) 

aurifascia,  Callicentrus   15 

bclfragii,  Metatropiphorus 14 

borealis,    Ccresa    15 

brc<i>icornis* ,  Macrolophus  . . .  315 

brimleyi*,  Pilophot'us  165 

Callicentrus  (see  aurifascia) 
Capsus  cxtcrnus  is  a  Paraca- 

Incoris 258 

cnrinatits*,  Plagiognathus  ....     10 

castancac,  Atyinna 15 

Ccresa  (see  borealis,  ritulus) 

Cicadellidae  16 

clandestinus*,  Polymcrus   ....    164 

Coccidae     249 

Collecting  Homoptera  in  Mex- 
ico        182 

cmiTCxicollis*,  Pycnodcres .  . . .   166 


Coreidae  13 

Cranberry  scale  (see  Tarijiania 
dearnessi) 

deanicssi,  Targ'wnia   249 

dilatatus,  Pycnoderes  \t>7 

dis par,    Plagiognathus 11 

Dysdcrcits   (see  obscuratus) 
Elasmostethus  (see  atricornis) 
Enscelis   (see  stactogalus) 

cxtcrnus,    Paracalocoris    260 

Irulgoridae     16 

Georgia  (see  gillettci,  nlmi  also 
Georgiaphis) 

Georgiaphis*  266 

Georgiini*    129 

gillettci*,    Georgia    (ill.)     ....    129 

gonagra,  Lcptoglossus   13 

gracilis*,    Sixcnotus     168 

grandis,    Alcaeorrhynchiis    ...      13 

inopinus*,  Plagiognathus    11 

insignis,  Sixenotus    168 

intrusus*,  Plagiognathus 12 

jurgiosits,   Savins    13 

Leptocoris    (see   trivittatus) 
Lcptoglossus  (see  gonagra) 
longicornis*,  Macrolophus    . . .  314 
Macrolophus,  Key  to  N.  Amer. 

species  313 

Membracidae 15 

Membracis   (see  mexicana) 
Metatropiphorus  (see  bclfragii) 

mexicana,  Membracis 15 

Miridae 9,  163,  313,  258 

Xabidae    14 

Xabidae,    Notes   on    American  287 
Xabis   (see  vanduzcci) 
Xezara    (see    tot-quata) 

nigripcs*,    Pagasa   fusca 287 

iwtatus,    Paracalocoris    cxtcr- 
nus    262 

novellus*,  Paracalocoris 163 

novclliis*,     Paracalocoris     cx- 
tcrnus      261 

obscuratus,  Dysdcrcus   14 

Paracalocoris  (see  solutus,  no- 


354 


INDEX 


rcllits,    scissus,    tutus,    nota- 

tiis,  extcrnus) 
Pagasa    (see   nigripcs) 

palmarnm,  Asarcop-ns 16 

Pemphiginae,    New   tribe    and 

new  species  in  the   (ill.)----    129 

Pentatomidae    13 

Pilophorus  (see  brimlcyi) 
Plagiognathus    (see  atricornis, 

carinatus,    dispar,     inopinus, 

intrusits) 

Polymerus  (see  clandestwus) 
Ponderable      substance       o    f 

aphids   207 

Pycnodercs  (see  convexicollis, 

quadrimaculatus,    dilatatus) 

Pyrrhocoridae     14 

quadrat  um,  ActJialion 15 

quadrimaculatus,    Pycnodercs.    167 
Savins    (see  jurgiosus) 
scissus*,    Pamcalocoris    cxter- 

inis  261 

Scutelleroidea   43 

scparatus,  Maci'olophus    313 

Sixenotus  (see  albicornis,  gra- 

cilis,  insignis,  tcnebrosus) 
solutus*,   Pamcalocoris    cxtci'- 

nus  261 

siactogalus,  Euscclis    16 

Targionia  dcarnessi,  Observa- 
tions   on    249 

tenebrosus,  Sixenotus 169 

Thaumastotheriidae    14 

Thaiimastothcrium    14 

torquata,  Nezara  viridula 13 

totus*,     Paracalocoi'is     cxtcr- 

IIHS  262 

triinttatiis,  Lcptocoris    13 

uiini,    Georgia    132 

vanduseei,   Nab  is    287 

Z'itulus,  Cercsa  15 


HYMENOPTERA 

Ants,  Assistance  in  the  study 


of 


53 


Ants  as  vermin-exterminators  83 
Bombidae,  Notes  on  Alberta..  252 
Ccratina  (see  dupla) 

Ceratinidae    110 

Cocoon  spinning   [by  parasitic 

hymenoptera]    118 

Coelioxynae   107 

dupla,   Ccratina    110 

Formica  dakotcnsis  spccularis, 

Habits  of    210 

Formicidae    210 

haonatwus*,  Holcopasitcs  . .  .   107 
Holcopasites  (see  liaanaturus) 
Parasitic      bee,      Holcopasitcs 

hacinatunts    107 

sessile,    TapinoDia    53 

spccularis,    Formica    dakotcn- 
sis    210 

Tapinoma   (see  sessile) 

LEPIDOPTERA 

albiradiata*,  Euphydryas  rubi- 

cuuda    (ill.)     3 

alb  o  stigma,  Anomis  te.rana  . .     80 
Amblyscirtcs  (see  rcversa,  Ca- 
rolina) 

andromacha,  Enodia    42 

Anomis,  Note  on    78 

Anthocharis    (see   gemitia) 

Asterocampa   154 

bachmani,    Libytlica 101,    106 

bcllona,   BrcntJiis    57 

bin  igrimaculella*,     Parnassius 

clodiits    bald u r    (ill.) 8 

blackmorei*,    Euphydryas    im- 

biyena    bcani    (ill.) 2 

blackmorei*,    Mclituca    palla 

(ill.)    6 

Brenthis  (see  bcllona,  obscnri- 

pcnnis,  serratimarginata ) 
British    Museum,    Lcpidoptera 

added   to    83 

bulcnta,  Hcsp'cria  (ill.)    193 

Butterflies    of    California     [J. 
A.   Comstock's],   Notice   of.    117 


INDEX 


355 


canthus,  Satyrodes    97 

Carolina,  Amblyscirtes  (ill.)  .  .  .    198 
carol  \nac*,     Melitaca    wrigliti 

(ill.)    3 

Carterocephalus  (see  palaemon) 

Ccltiphaga   154 

clitus,  Thanaos 301 

Collecting    trip     for     S.     Am. 

lepidoptera   16 

Collections  in  book  style,  But- 
terfly  (ill.)    281 

crcola,  Enodia   42 

cdilri.r,  Anoinis   81 

Enodia  (see  portlandia,  andro- 

inaclia,  crcola) 

Erebus  odora  in  Massachusetts  324 
Euphydryas    (see    blackmorei, 
albiradiata,    nigrisupernipen- 
nis,  victoriae) 

flava,  Anoinis  79 

ftcija,  PIcsperia  109 

i/cinitia,  Antlwcharis    97 

He  odes   (see  maciilinita) 
Hesperia  bulenta,  Rediscovery 

of    (ill.)    193 

Hesperia    (see  frci/a) 
Hesperiidae  ....109,  193,  269,  301 
Hesperiidae  in  western  Massa- 
chusetts    319 

Hubner's  "Tentamen"   268 

Libythea  bachimuii.  Migrations 

of    101,    106 

Libytheidae    101,    106 

long-beaked       butterfly       (see 
Libythea  bachinani) 

lucilius,  Thanaos   320 

maciilinita*,    Her  odes    cuprcus 

(ill.)    8 

Melitaca     (see    polinc/i,    caro- 

lynac,    blackmorei,    pcarlac) 

Migrations   of   Libythea   bacli- 

mani  101,  106 

nigrisupcrnipcnnis*,  Euphydry- 
as  perdiccas    (ill.) 4 


Noctuidae 324 

Nomenclature   of   Politcs   spe- 
cies    269 

Nymphalidae     57 

obscuripennis*,    lircnthis    cpi- 

thorc    (ill.) 7 

odora,   Erebus    324 

Oviposition  of  Brcnthis  bello- 

na     57 

palaemon,  Carterocephalus  . . .   321 
Parnassius    (see    biniyriinacu- 

lella) 
pcarlae*,       Melitaca       acastus 

(ill.)    5 

Phalaenidae  78 

Pieris    (see  protodice) 
Plebeius   (see  spinimaculata) 
polingi*,  Melitaca  pola  aracluic 

(ill.)    2 

Politcs  (see  thcniistoclcs) 

portlandia,  Enodia    42 

Problcma    (see    Hesperia    bu- 
lenta} 

protodicc,  Pieris    97 

rez'ersa*,    Amblyscirtes    Caro- 
lina   (ill.)    197 

Satyrodes   (see  canthus) 
serratimarginata*,        Brent  his 

inyrina  (ill.) 7 

Show  in  Los  Angeles,  Butter- 
fly         83 

Snout  butterfly    (see  Libythea 

bachmani) 
spinimaculata*,  Plebeius  icari- 

oides    (ill.) 8 

Tentamen,   Hubner's    268 

tc.rana,    Anoinis    80 

Thanaos  clitus  in   California.   301 
Thanaos  (sec-  luciilins) 

Ihemistocles,    Politcs    269 

tii'.t/csccns,  Anoinis  erosa   ....     80 
victoriae*,     Euphydr\as     tay- 
lori    (ill.)  4 


356 


INDEX 


ORTHOPTERA 

Acrididae      of      Brazos      Co., 

Texas    316 

Carolina,    Stagmomantis    (ill.)    171 
Conoccpliahis    nigroplcnnis    in 

Pennsylvania     180 

Life-histories  of  praying  man- 
tis   (ill.)     169 

Mantidae    169 

nigroplcnnis,  Conoccphalus   .  .    180 


Paratcnodcra     sincnsis,     Life- 
history   of    (ill.)    171 

sincnsis,  Paratenodera  (ill.) 
Staymoinantis    Carolina,    Life- 
history   of    (ill.)    171 

THYSANOPTERA 

Hulotlirips   (see  major) 

major,    Holothrips    84 

Thysanoptera  collecting  kit...    140 


EXCHANGES 

This  column  is  intended  only  for  wants  and  exchanges,   not  for 
advertisements  of  goods  for  sale.     Notices  not  exceed- 
ing three  lines  free  to  subscribers. 


These  notices  are  continued  as  long  as  our  limited  space  will  allow;  the  new 
ones  are  added  at  the  end  of  the  column,  and  only  when  necessary  those  at  th» 
top  (being  longest  in)  are  discontinued. 


Wanted- — Living  pupae  or  cocoons  of  American  moths  and  butter- 
flies. Collectors  communicate,  Head  &  Co.,  Burniston,  Nr.  Scar- 
borough, England. 

Will  exchange  Coleoptera  of  Illinois  for  those  from  other  parts  of 
the  continent. — Carl  Selingcr,  4419  Dover  St.,  Chicago,  111. 

Thysanoptera :  A  small  pocket  collecting  outfit  containing  vials, 
brush  and  memo  sheets,  sent  free  to  entomologists  interested  in 
collecting  thrips  especially  in  foreign  countries.  Dudley  Moulton, 
244  California  Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Wanted — Bombyliidae  and  Trypetidae.  Will  exchange  local  Bom- 
byliids  and  Trypetids  and  other  Diptera.  Harold  C.  Hallock,  Jap- 
anese Beetle  Lab.,  Riverton,  N.  J. 

For  Exchange:  Butterflies  and  moths  from  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Wanted :  Spfaingidae,  Arctiidae,  Catocalinae.  Henry  Wormsbacher, 
1357  St.  Charles  Ave.,  Lakewood,  Ohio. 

Wanted  for  Cash — Saturnidae  of  the  WORLD.  A  few  duplicates 
for  sale.  W.  Judson  Coxey,  Drexel  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 

I  will  collect  Coleoptera,  Lepidoptera,  Hemiptera,  etc.,  in  southwest 
Arkansas  for  those  so  interested.  Miss  Louise  Knobel,  East  3d  St., 
Hope,  Arkansas. 

Wanted — Bembidion  (Coleoptera,  Carabidae)  from  South  Amer- 
ica, Africa,  Australia,  India.  Will  buy  or  exchange  for  North 
American  Species.  Howard  Notman,  136  Joralemon  St.,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

Pselaphidae  desired  from  all  parts  of  N.  A.  for  study.  Will  deter- 
mine for  privilege  of  study  or  pay  cash.  Am  monographing  family. 
F.  C.  Fletcher,  Dept.  of  Entomology,  Cornell  Universitv,  Ithaca, 
N.  Y. 

Buprestidae — I  am  making  a  revisional  study  of  the  North  Ameri- 
can Agrilus,  and  will  be  glad  to  examine  any  material  in  this  genus 
collected  north  of  Mexico.  W.  S.  Fisher,  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Chrysomelidae — Desire  to  exchange  coleoptera,  especially  in  family 
Chrysomelidae.  Send  me  your  offerta  in  this  family  and  your 
desiderata  in  coleoptera.  Paul  N.  Musgrave,  601  Walnut  Ave.,  Fair- 
mont, W.  Va. 

Wanted — Cicindeliclae  &  Cerambycidae  in  exchange  for  local  cole- 
optera. Address  Ernest  Baylis,  5011  Saul  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Buprestidae  of  the  world  and  N.  A.  Carabidae  and  Rhynchophora 
wanted  in  exchange  for  other  Coleoptera.  Will  buy  rare  specie-. 
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ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 

VOLUME   XXXVIII,   1927 


JAMES  H.  B.  BLAND, 
1833-1911 


PHILIP  P.  CALVERT,  PH.D.,  Editor 
E.  T.  CRESSON,   JR.,  Associate  Editor 


ADVISORY  COMMITTEE  : 

PHILIP  LAURENT  J.  A.  G.  REHN 

CHARLES  LIEBECK  JOHN  C.  LUTZ 

J.  CHESTER  BRADLEY,  PH.D.  MAX  LISLIUK,  JR. 

FRANK  MORTON  JONES 


PUBLISHED  BY 
THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.: 

THE  ACADEMY    OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES 
LOGAN  SQUARE 

1927 


The  several  numbers  of  the  NEWS  for  1927  were   mailed  at  the  Post 
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No.  1 — January  January  8,  1927 

"  2 — February February  9 

'•  3 — March  .March  4 

"  4-April April  8 

"  5— May  May  4 

"  6 — June June  9 

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"  9— November .October  31 

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SUBSCRIPTIONS  FOR  1927  ARE  NOW  DUE 


JANUARY,  1927 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXXVIII 


No.   1 


* 


I  0  70?; 


JAMKS  H.  B.  BLAND, 
1835-1911 


CONTENTS 

Weiss  and  Schott— Anton  Hochstein,  Illustrator  of  Trimble's  "Insect 

Enemies  of  Fruit  and  Fruit  Trees  " 

Savin — Food   Preferences  of  the  Black  Cricket  (Gryllus  assimilis)  with 

Special  Reference  to  the  Damage  Done  to  Fabrics  (Orthop.)  .  . 
Miller— Another  "Black  Witch"  in  the  North  (Lepid.  :  Noctuidaei  .  . 
Miller— Oddities  in  Cocoons  of  some  Common  Saturnidae  (  Lepid.)-  • 
Metcalf — Homopterological  Gleanings  No.  2.  The  Types  of  Certain 

Genera  of  Membracidae 

Hicks— Megachile  subexilis  Ckll.,  a  Resin-Working  Bee  (Hymenoptera: 

Apoidea) 

Correction  for  December,  1926,  Entom.  News.  .    . 

Change  of  Address. 

Ris — The  Study  of  Insect  Relations  (as  Editorial) 

.Entomological  Literature 

-   Review— Syllabus  der  Insektenbiologie,  von  Dr.  Hans  Blunck   .    .    . 

Review — Essig's  Insects  of  Western  North  America 

Obituary — Curtis  G.  Lloyd 

Obituary— F.  D.  Morice,  T.  Nawa,  E.  Giglio-Tos 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIII. 


Plate  I. 


ANTON     HOCHSTEIN. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XXXVIII  JANUARY,   1927  No.  1 

Anton  Hochstein,  Illustrator  of  Trimble's  "  Insect 
Enemies  of  Fruit  and  Fruit  Trees." 

By  HARRY  B.  WEISS  and  FRED  SCHOTT, 
New  Brunswick,  New   Jersey. 

(Portrait,    Plate    I). 

In  1865,  William  Wood  and  Company  of  New  York  pub- 
lished a  "Treatise  on  the  Insect  Enemies  of  Fruit  and  Fruit 
Trees"  by  Isaac  P.  Trimble,  M.D.*  The  greater  portion  of  the 
book  is  monopolized  by  accounts  of  the  plum  curculio  and  cod- 
ling moth,  and  of  the  eleven  plates  eight  treat,  for  the  most 
part,  of  the  work  of  the  plum  curculio.  Nine  of  the  eleven 
plates  are  colored  and  the  title  page  bears  the  statement,  "Nu- 
merous Illustrations  drawn  from  Nature,  by  Hochstein,  under 
the  immediate  supervision  of  the  Author."  Seven  of  the  col- 
ored plates  demonstrate  mainly  various  fruits  injured  by  either 
the  plum  curculio  or  codling  moth,  another  is  occupied  almost 
entirely  by  different  stages  of  the  plum  curculio  and  another 
by  the  work  of  the  codling  moth  under  bark,  together  with  the 
heads  of  birds.  The  two  remaining  plates  are  black  and  white 
illustrations  showing  the  application  of  devices  for  trapping 
the  plum  curculio  and  codling  moth. 

The  colored  plates  appear  to  have  been  done  by  hand — by 
the  application  of  water  colors  to  black  and  white  prints,  and 
the  tinting  in  general  ranges  from  very  good  to  somewhat 
inferior.  Taken  as  a  whole,  the  colored  plates  are  fair  and 
with  several  exceptions  show  some  skill.  The  black  and  white 
drawings  are  the  least  attractive  and  rather  illy  done,  but  on 
the  other  hand  they  illustrate  perfectly  the  devices  which  the 
author  of  the  text  evidently  wanted  brought  out.  In  fact,  the 
same  can  be  said  of  all  the  plates,  as  they  exemplify  completely 
just  what  the  text  is  concerned  with.  The  plate  of  the  plum 
curculio  is  the  poorest  of  all,  the  delineation  and  coloring  t-spe- 

*For  an  account  of  the  author  see  Ent.  News  Vol.  XXIX,  pp.  29-32. 

1 


2  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

cially  being  imperfect,  and  the  same  is  true  of  the  small  figures 
of  insects  scattered  over  the  other  plates.  Hochstein  had  some 
difficulty  in  painting  insects  and  was  more  skillful  with  other 
subjects.  On  page  seventy-three  of  the  "Treatise,"  Trimble, 
writing  about  the  metallic  tints  of  the  plum  curculio,  states  "I 
have  often  wished  that  these  vivid  colors  could  be  transferred 
to  canvas  ;  and  my  friend  Hochstein  has  several  times  made 
the  attempt,  but  he  has  now  abandoned  the  undertaking  as. 
beyond  his  power." 

Anton  Hochstein  was  born  in  Bavaria,  September  3,  1829, 
and  acquired  his  artistic  training  in  \\  hat  was  known  as  the 
Diisseldorf  School.  He  came  to  this  country  about  1849  with 
his  father  and  mother,  tv/o  brothers,  Louis  and  August,  and  a 
sister,  Barbara,  the  entire  family  going  to  a  farm  near  Buffalo, 
New  York.  A  grocery  business  was  started  by  his  brothers 
Louis  and  August  about  1860  at  the  corner  of  Garden  and 
Seventh  Streets,  Hoboken,  Anton  not  being  very  active  therein. 
Louis,  it  appears,  served  in  the  Civil  War,  and  Anton  at  that 
time  lived  in  New  York  City  where  he  was  engaged,  according 
to  Mrs.  J.  K.  McDougal,  now  living  in  Hoboken  and  formerly 
on  intimate  terms  with  the  Hochstein  family,  in  doing  illustra- 
tions for  Henderson  or  Young  and  Elliott,  seedsmen's  cata- 
logues and  probably  for  some  of  Kate  Greenaway's  books  for 
children.  It  was  not  possible  to  verify  either  of  these  state- 
ments by  the  location  of  such  illustrations. 

Mrs.  McDougal  stated  also  that  Anton  studied  in  Munich 
and  traveled  considerably  in  Europe,  but  did  not  know  whether 
such  activities  took  place  before  or  after  his  residence  in  New. 
York  City.  He  is  supposed  to  have  lived  in  New  Jersey  from 
about  1869  on,  or  some  42  years,  at  58  Seventh  St.,  Hoboken, 
or  what  is  now  162  Seventh  St.,  in  an  old-fashioned  three-story 
and  basement  brick  building,  a  short  distance  from  Stevens 
College.  This  is  five  or  six  years  later  than  the  time  Trimble 
says  the  original  paintings  for  his  "Treatise"  were  made  at 
Newark,  New  Jersey.  In  view  of  this  Anton  might  have  moved 
to  New  Jersey  prior  to  1869,  or  he  perhaps  lived  in  New  York 
and  made  trips  to  Newark  to  do  Trimble's  work. 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  3 

Hochstein  appears  to  have  been  interested  in  the  painting-  of 
various  subjects,  using  both  oil  and  water  colors,  some  of  his 
pictures  depicting-  rural  scenes,  Swiss  and  Scotch  views,  Mowers, 
fruits,  birds  and  insects.  The  Free  Public  Library  of  Hoboken 
owns  some  of  his  paintings,  a  Mower  panel  in  water  colors  and 
an  oil  painting  of  about  a  dozen  Lepidoptera.  In  the  office  of 
Mr.  August  Peter,  of  Hoboken,  there  is  a  bird  group  in  oil 
by  Hochstein  which  appears  to  be  very  well  done.  His  ability 
should  not  be  judged  entirely  by  the  colored  plates  in  Trimble's 
book,  because  some  of  his  other  work  is  far  superior.  His  pic- 
tures were  exhibited  at  Weber's  art  shop  on  Washington  Street 
near  4th  Street,  Hoboken,  some  time  between  1892  and  1916, 
but  the  sales  were  said  to  have  been  rather  slow  because  of  the 
.absence  of  discrimination  among  Hoboken's  art  patrons  at  that 
time  and  their  unwillingness  to  pay  what  they  considered  too 
high  a  price. 

Airs.  B.  Sontag,  the  present  occupant  of  the  house  where 
Anton  lived  with  his  brother  Louis  and  sister  Barbara,  and  a 
young  girl  at  the  time,  recalls  him  as  a  jovial,  socially  inclined 
man,  not  overly  concerned  with  prosaic  or  mercenary  matters, 
and  similar  recollections  were  made  by  others  who  knew  him. 
-Mrs.  Sontag  remembers  that  an  acquaintance  once  asked  him 
to  replace  a  water  scene  with  a  grass  effect,  "ein  grass  garten 
anstreichen,  und  das  wasser  austreichen."  Anton  became 
vastly  indignant,  exclaiming  "das  wasser  austreichen:'  Ich 
bein  kein  austreicher  und  anstreicher ;  ich  bein  ein  artist!" 

The  Hoboken  Library,  of  which  Thomas  F.  Hatfield  was 
librarian  at  the  time,  was  the  rendezvous  of  a  coterie  of  artists 
and  the  ethically  inclined,  and  here  were  exhibited  many  of 
Hochstein's  water  colors.  Hochstein  was  also  intimate  with 
William  Peter,  then  head  of  the  Peter  Brewing  plant  at  Wee- 
hawken  St.  and  I  fudson  Ave.,  receiving  from  him  moral  encour- 
agement and  perhaps  financial  aid.  It  requires  no  great  stretch 
of  the  imagination  to  recreate  the  convivial  scenes  presented  by 
these  friendly  meetings  in  a  day  when  seidels  bumped  openly 
and  freely  and  when  the  leading  figure  of  the  juntas  was  the 
proprietor  of  a  brewery ! 


4  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

Whether  the  remuneration  for  his  pictures  and  semi-com- 
mercial work  was  inadequate  or  whether  his  habits  were  such 
as  to  preclude  the  acquisition  of  much  worldly  goods  is  now  a 
matter  of  conjecture.  Anton  never  married  and  at  his  death  on 
November  3,  1911,  in  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Hoboken,  at  the 
age  of  83,  he  left  nothing  by  which  success  is  usually  measured. 
His  death  was  pronounced  by  Dr.  Henry  T.  Von  Deeston  to 
have  been  due  to  chronic  myocarditis  and  he  was  buried  in 
the  Hoboken  Cemetery  November  5,  from  Volk's  Mortuary. 
His  sister  Barbara,  the  last  of  the  family,  lived  but  a  few  years 
afterward. 

The  photograph  accompanying  this  account  was  obtained 
through  the  courtesy  of  the  present  librarian,  Mrs.  Nina  Hat- 
field,  of  the  Hoboken  Library,  and  is  from  an  original  taken  a 
few  years  before  his  death.  A  short  death  notice  ( inserted  by 
Mrs.  McDougal)  occurs  in  the  "Hudson  Observer"  for  Friday 
and  Saturday,  November  3  and  4,  1911.  In  Cassino's  "Natural- 
ists Directory"  for  1884  he  is  listed  as  a  "botanical  artist"  and 
in  "Catalogus  Plantarum  in  Nova  Caesarea  Repertarum" 
(1874)  by  Willis  his  name  occurs  in  the  botanical  directory  as 
A.  H.  Hochstein. 


Food  Preferences  of  the  Black  Cricket  (Gryllus 

assimilis)  with  Special  Reference  to  the 

Damage  Done  to  Fabrics  (Orthop.).* 

By  MARGARET  B.  SAVIN,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

For  five  years  during  my  August  vacation  at  Avalon,  New 
Jersey,  I  have  been  interested  by  the  black  Gryllus  which  is 
so  abundant  in  sandy  fields  and  in  houses  there.  These 
crickets  possess  an  annoying  characteristic,  which  is  not  con- 
stant, but  rather  spasmodic,  the  habit  of  chewing  holes  in 
woolen  and  cotton  goods  such  as  suits,  sweaters,  overcoats, 
dresses  and  curtains.  Having  seen  articles  damaged  by  crickets 
in  this  way,  I  determined  to  discover,  if  possible,  the  causes  for 

*Submitted  to  the  Graduate  School  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  partial  fulfillment  of  the  requirements  for  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts. 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  5 

such  action  on  the  part  of  these  insects  which  are  normally 
vegetarians.  Various  theories  have  been  advanced  for  the 
stimulus  which  urges  Gryllus  to  attack  woolen  materials,  but 
no  definite  attempts  to  find  its  food  habits  and  preferences  have, 
so  far  as  I  can  learn,  been  made. 

Observers  (Popenoe  1917,  Quaintance  1907)  of  the  dam- 
age done  by  crickets  upon  strawberries,  mushrooms,  cran- 
berries, grain  and  other  food  crops  urge  the  use  of  ground 
potatoes  or  carrots  with  arsenic,  or  of  deep  vessels  of  vinegar, 
as  a  means  of  control.  Severin  ( 1920)  reports  heavy  damage 
worked  upon  alfalfa  seeds  and  seed  pods  and  also  on  binder 
twine.  The  control  he  suggests  is  a  bait  of  bran,  molasses, 
oranges,  water,  and  arsenic.  As  a  bait  for  trapping  specimens 
for  my  work,  I  used  finely  cut  potatoes  and  carrots  in  a  large 
box  in  the  high  grass.  Many  times  I  visited  the  trap  but  found 
the  scheme  unsuccessful.  After  making  various  types  of  boxes 
and  using  the  suggested  liquids  and  solids,  I  finally  resorted 
to  catching  them  by  hand  in  the  field  or  by  a  tumbler  in  the 
house. 

Beginning  my  work  on  the  first  of  August,  I  found  that 
all  of  the  crickets  which  I  caught  were  wingless  nymphs.  This 
was  true  for  the  first  two  weeks.  Evidently  in  this  locality 
Gryllus  reaches  the  adult  stage  only  at  the  end  of  the  second 
week  in  August. 

The  specimens  when  first  caught  averaged  eighteen  milli- 
meters in  length.  In  the  adult  form  they  became  very  little 
larger,  with  antennae  half  again  as  long  as  the  body,  shiny 
black  heads,  dull  greyish  thorax  and  brown  wings. 

To  locate  Gryllus  in  the  sandy  fields  of  high  grass  beside 
the  house,  it  was  necessary  to  lift  up  pieces  of  driftwood,  or 
disturb  piles  of  damp  grass  freshly  cut  from  the  lawn,  or  turn 
over  a  piece  of  damp  carpet  or  cardboard.  By  this  method  I 
secured  some  twenty  individuals  one  afternoon. 

Most  of  the  fifty  crickets  upon  which  I  experimented  were 
caught  in  the  house,  either  beside  the  fireplace,  running  across 
the  floor  of  a  room,  in  a  drawer  of  the  kitchen  cabinet  among 
the  linen  towels,  on  the  shelves  among  the  groceries,  in  the 


6  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan., '27 

vegetable  basket,  or  in  a  shoe  on  the  bedroom  floor.  The 
method  I  used  most  in  securing  the  subject  was  to  place  over  it 
a  tumbler,  after  which  I  slipped  a  card  under  the  edge  closing 
the  top.  By  this  procedure,  the  individual  was  not  harmed  at 
all  and  it  was  an  easy  matter  to  cover  the  glass  with  a  piece  of 
netting'.  From  experience  I  learned  that  the  cotton  mosquito 
netting  which  I  used  to  cover  the  tops  of  the  glasses  was  im- 
practical. About  six  of  the  first  crickets  caught  escaped  from 
confinement  during  the  night,  by  chewing  holes  in  the  netting. 
I  soon  made  caps  of  aluminum  screening  to  fit  the  jelly  glass 
cages  used  for  the  work.  Each  numbered  glass  confined  a  sep- 
arate specimen,  for  which  was  kept  a  card  containing  its  num- 
ber, size,  sex  and  the  date  and  time  of  capture.  For  the  food 
trials  the  exact  time  of  feeding  and  time  required  for  eating 
was  recorded. 

As  only  nine  of  the  fifty  died  during  imprisonment  and  five 
of  the  nine  lived  normally  from  nine  to  twenty-five  clays,  I 
judge  that  the  jelly  glass  quarters  were  not  ill-adapted.  When 
the  males  became  winged,  they  chirped  loud  and  long  during 
the  clay  as  well  as  the  night  which  seemed  to  indicate  that  they 
were  comfortable.  Of  course,  a  pipette  of  water  was  given 
each  specimen  daily. 

When  the  cricket  was  caught  it  was  confined  with  water 
only,  for  a  certain  period,  in  order  to  have  the  subjects,  as  far 
as  possible,  in  the  same  state  of  hunger.  This  period  of  fast- 
ing averaged  twenty  hours. 

Among  the  foodstuffs  tried,  were  carefully  measured  pieces 
of  raw  tomato,  peach  and  potato,  lima  bean  pods,  green  lima 
beans,  cooked  lima  beans,  cooked  corn,  sugar,  cornstarch,  dried 
beef,  raw  beef  and  sweet  cake.  The  following  is  a  complete 
list  of  "foods"  used  in  the  experiments. 

Tomato  (raw)  Suiting — grey — new — clean. 

Potato    (  raw  )  Suiting — grey — new — spotted       (peach 

juice). 

Carrot  (raw)  Suiting — grey — new — spotted  (bacon). 

Lima  bean  (raw)  Suiting — blue — old — perspired. 

Corn   (raw)  Suiting — blue — old — spotted    (bacon 

grease). 


xxxviii,  '27  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\VS  7 

Lima  bean   (cooked  )  Suiting" — blue — new — clean. 

Pea   (cooked)  Suiting — blue — new — spotted. 

Corn  (cooked)  I'.roudcloth — henna — new — clean. 

Lima  bean   ( in  pod  )  Broadcloth — henna — new — s  potted 

I  peach  juice  ). 

Lettuce  Linen — white — new — spotted     (peach 

juice  ). 

Peach    (raw)  Linen — pink — new — clean. 

Blackberry  (raw)  S'lk- -tan — new — spotted. 

Green  grass  Silk — pink — new — clean. 

Green  leaf  of  Peren-  Cotton — white — old   (a  curtain). 

nial  Sweet  Pea 

Sugar  Cotton — white — new — clean. 

Cornstarch  Rubber — blue  and  white. 

Sweet  cake  Paper — with  paste. 

Dried  beef  Paper — without  paste. 

Bacon'  Paper — crepe — new — clean. 

Mosquito    (  dead  )  Corn  worm  pupa. 
Housefly  (dead  ) 

To  my  surprise  there  was  not  a  thing  in  this  list  of  varied 
carbohydrate,  protein,  fat,  and  mineral  matter  which  was  not 
eaten  in  part  or  entirely,  by  at  least  one  if  not  all  individuals. 

Though  a  careful  record  of  results  was  kept,  I  feel  that  the 
average  times  required  for  eating  various  foods  are  hardly 
an  indication  of  preference.  To  my  mind,  the  results  obtained 
for  foodstuffs  are  seriously  affected  by  the  molting  process 
which  was  going  on  until  the  middle  of  August.  Frequently 
I  found  a  pale,  motionless  cricket  which  had  just  molted  with 
its  chitinous  shell  lying  beside  it.  At  times  I  discovered  one 
consuming  the  last  bits  of  the  newly  cast  skin.  Obviously 
the  insect  would  not  be  hungry  after  having  eaten  its  molt, 
nor  would  it  be  in  condition  to  eat  during  the  critical  time 
twenty-four  hours  or  so  before  the  beginning  of  the  process. 
Thus,  pieces  of  food  remained  several  days  in  the  glass  before 
they  were  eaten,  while  a  normal  active  cricket  would  consume 
them  within  five  or  six  hours. 

The  following  reproductions  of  the  records  kept  for  subjects 
numbered  22  and  34  will  serve  to  illustrate  method,  times 
of  feeding,  and  type  of  results  obtained  in  the  work. 


8  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

No.  22.     Male — length  19  mm.     Nymph  ;  adult  in  16  days. 
8/5  -   -  5:00  P.  M. — caught  in  field  beneath  wet  carpet;  con- 
fined with  water. 
8/6  -   -  2:30  P.  M. — given  1  by  3  bv  3  mm.  piece  of  potato. 

-  5:30  P.  M.— gone. 

8/7     -11  :15  A.  M. — given  cooked  corn  kernel. 

-  8:45  P.  M.— gone. 

8/10 —  9:00  A.  M. — given  green  lima  bean. 
8/11- -  9:00  A.  M. — 2/3    eaten;    given    navy    blue    suiting, 

new,  25  bv  27  mm. 

mS 

8/12—-  8:00  P.  M. — no  result;  given  small  cooked  lima  bean. 

8/13--  7:30  P.  M.— bean  well  eaten. 

8/19—10:30  A.  M.— given  grass. 

8/20—11:00  A.  M.— no  result. 

8/21 — 11:30  A.  M. — just   molted   to   adult.      I    removed   skin 

from  glass. 
8/21-  -  2  :30  P.  M. — given  new  grey  suiting  spotted  in  center 

with  peach  juice. 
8/22—  6:00  P.  M.— no    result. 
8/25-     1:00  P.  M.— no  result. 
8/26 —  7:30  P.  M. — one  corner  chewed,  cloth  not  taken  into 

body. 
8/29 —  9:30  A.  M. — one   corner  well    frayed.      Cloth   left   in 

and   lettuce   given.      Began   on   latter  at 

once. 

-12:00  P.  M. — all  gone — given  rubber  flower. 
8/30 —  7:00  P.  M. — well  damaged  -    -  edges  of  white  center 

chewed. 

No.  34.     Female  adult. 

8/12-    1  :15  P.  M.— caught  on  porch  floor. 

8/14—-  9:30  A.  M. — given  navy  blue  suiting,  new — one  cor- 
ner sweetened  by  lemonade.  It  imme- 
diately investigated. 

-  9:40  A.  M. — chewed    a    ragged    hole    in    side    where 

spot  is. 

8/15 — 11:00  A.  M. — no   further  damage — spot  of  bacon   fat 

put  on. 

8/16 — 10:00  A.  M. — good    sized    hole    chewed    but    not    on 

spotted    portion ;    given    new    suiting- 
clean. 

8/18 —  6:00  P.  M. — large  holes  chewed. 

8/19 — 10:10  A.  M. — much  damaged;  given  2  blades  of  grass 

(each  50  mm.  in  length). 

-  2:00  P.  M. — grass  gone  all  but  15  mm. 
8/20—10:20  A.  M.— grass  all  gone. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOI.OC.ICAI.  xi-:\vs  9 

-11:15  A.   M. — given  small  green  lima  bean — began  to 
eat  at  once. 

-  7:30  P.  M. — completely  gone. 

8/21 —  2:30   P.   M. — given  rubber  flower  from  bathing  cap- 
began  to  eat  at  once  and  continued  for 
three  hours. 

8/22—  6:00  P.  M.— petals  greatly  damaged. 

8/24 —  9:30  A.  M. — given  clean,  new,  grey  suiting. 

8/26 —  7:30  P.  M. — greatly    damaged.      Bits   of    cloth    lying 

about. 

8/27 — 11:30  A.  M. — given   cotton   curtain   2   thicknesses   and 

hem  ( 4  thicknesses  ) . 

8/28 —  8:30  P.  M. — hole    through    two    thicknesses;    put    in 

glass  with  No.  43  male. 

8/29—  9:30  A.   M.— neither   harmed.      Given    lettuce.      Both 

eating  at  it. 

8/30 — -12:00  A.  M. — given  piece  of  blue  rubber. 

-  7:00  P.  M.— 5  small  holes  in  it. 

As  I  was  particularly  interested  in  the  reactions  to  cloth, 
most  of  the  days  were  devoted  to  trials  on  woolen  and  cotton 
materials.  The  work  of  necessity  went  slowly.  With  the 
vegetables,  I  had  to  first  determine  the  approximate  amount  of 
a  cricket's  meal  in  order  to  have  the  food  eaten  within  as 
short  a  time  as  possible.  Most  of  the  tests  with  foodstuffs 
were  performed  with  nymphs,  as  they  were  the  only  indi- 
viduals available  in  the  early  part  of  the  month. 

Sixteen  of  the  specimens,  I  brought  back  with  me  to  Phila- 
delphia, with  the  intention  of  trying  adult  crickets  on  potato, 
tomato,  carrot,  etc.  The  reactions  to  food  in  the  city  were 
quite  abnormal,  as  foods  preferred  at  the  shore,  such  as  beans 
and  corn  were  ignored  ;  so  that  most  of  the  results  for  these 
trials  are  omitted.  They  seemed  to  thrive  upon  lettuce  and 
moist  bread  when  kept  together  for  a  week,  in  one  large  can 
with  sand  in  the  bottom  and  aluminum  screening  on  top. 

In  order  to  distinguish  the  trials  made  in  the  city  from  those 
made  previously,  I  lettered  the  subjects.  The  record  card  for 
K  is  here  included.  A  liking  for  both  animal  and  vegetable 
matter  is  exemplified. 

K.  Female  adult. 

9/g  .-10:00  P.  M. — confined   in   jelly   glass    with    1    inch   of 

sand  on  bottom.    Given  water. 


10  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [  Jan.,  '27 

9/9  -   -5:07  P.  M. — given  three  house  flies   (dead). 

-  5:20  P.  M.— all  eaten. 

9/10 —  6:15  P.  M. — tomato  given  and   1   raw  corn  kernel. 
9/1 1- -  6:00  P.  M. — both  gone;  given  raw  beefsteak — rbegan 

at  once. 

-  6:08  P.  A  I. —gone. 

9/13—  —given  cooked  lima  bean  ;  eaten  in  a  few 

hours.       Subject    laying    many    eggs    in 
sand. 

Of  all  the  vegetables  used  in  the  food  trials,  I  should  say 
that  green  lima  beans  proved  most  popular,  with  cooked  corn 
kernels  coming  next  on  the  list.  This  I  state  from  my  observa- 
tion at  the  time  when  feeding  was  going  on.  My  statistics 
do  not  seem  to  bear  this  out.  As  I  have  stated,  the  apparent 
inaccuracies  must  be  due  to  the  interference  of  the  molting 
process.  In  a  study  of  "Field  Crickets  in  Manitoba,"  N.  Crid- 
dle  observed  that  they  like  green  peas  and  soft  corn  grains. 
This  reference  I  was  pleased  to  read  after  completion  of  my 
tests,  as  it  seems  to  confirm  my  results.  From  the  figures  for 
raw  and  cooked  lima  beans  and  corn,  given  in  Table  III,  I  con- 
clude that  the  cooked  vegetables  are  preferred. 

From  my  results,  I  cannot  see  that  carrots  and  potatoes  are 
especially  desired,  as  others  (Felt  1909,  Popenoe  1917)  indi- 
cate. The  table  of  statistics  gives  a  shorter  time  for  potatoes 
than  for  beans  and  corn,  but  the  portion  of  potato  given  was 
a  cube  1  by  3  by  3  millimeters,  which  is  small  compared  to  a 
small  bean  or  a  corn  kernel. 

(To  be  continued) 


Another  "Black  Witch"  in  the  North  (Lepid.:  Noctuidae). 

On  July  25,  1926,  while  visiting  a  property  on  S.  Cottage 
Grove  Ave.,  Urbana,  Illinois,  in  the  interests  of  a  termite 
eradication  program,  I  noticed  a  much  battered  specimen  of 
Erebus  odora,  the  "Black  Witch,"  lying  on  the  window  sill. 
It  was  dead.  Upon  inquiring  of  the  owner  I  learned  that  the 
moth  had  been  picked  up  in  the  street  on  the  above  date  and  was 
then  in  the  same  condition  as  when  I  first  saw  it.  The  speci- 
men was  a  female.  Strong  southwest  winds  had  prevailed  dur- 
ing the  two  days  preceding  the  capture,  which  may  account  for 
the  presence  of  this  southern  resident  in  this  northern  locality. 
—AUGUST  E.  MILLER,  State  Natural  History  Survey,  Urbana, 
Illinois. 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  11 

Oddities  in  Cocoons  of  some  Common  Saturnidae 

(Lepidoptera). 

By  Arcrsr  K.  MILLER.  I'rbana,  Illinois. 
Beginning  during-  1913  and  continuing  for  a  period  of  five 
years,  it  became  a  hobby  with  me  to  scour  the  country  for  a 
radius  of  ten  miles  about  Zanesville,  Ohio,  for  insect  specimens 
of  whatever  kind  1  might  chance  to  find.  Saturnid  cocoons 
were  quite  common  and  each  year  I  collected  from  1,000  to 
3,000  or  more  of  the  several  species  occurring  in  the  locality. 
Among  these  were  many  that  differed  in  varying  ways  from 
normal  specimens.  The  more  outstanding  deviations  have  been 
of  such  interest  to  me  that  1  am  presenting  them  with  the 
thought  that  they  may  be  of  some  interest  to  others.  I  have 
have  not  spent  much  time  in  trying  to  determine  how  often 
similar  facts  have  been  recorded. 

Samia  cecropia  Linnaeus. 

On  March  10,  1914.  1  found  a  large  cocoon  of  this  species 
spun  on  a  small  elm  tree  overhanging  the  Licking  River.  Dur- 
ing the  flood  of  March,  1913,  this  specimen  had  apparently 
been  submerged  for  a  period  of  several  days.  The  sediment 
had  filtered  into  and  thoroughly  impregnated  the  outer  case 
of  the  cocoon.  Upon  drying  it  had  become  very  hard  and  gave 
the  cocoon  almost  a  stone-like  texture.  The  submergence  had 
not  killed  the  pupa.  At  the  time  for  emergence  the  adult  had 
split  the  pupal  skin  and  attempted  to  work  its  way  to  the  out- 
side. It  was  able  to  push  its  head  through  the  opening  of  the 
inner  case  but  then  encountered  the  mud-blocked  exit  of  tin- 
outer.  It  had  apparently  labored  hard  to  pass  through  this  as 
hairs  and  scales  were  nearly  all  worn  off  the  head  region.  The 
specimen  was  a  female  and  had  extruded  a  number  of  sterile 
eggs  behind  it  in  the  inner  case  of  the  cocoon.  The  wings 
were  very  small  and  much  malformed  but  the  color  was  quite 
bright  a  year  later. 

On  December  15,  1916,  a  cecropia  cocoon  was  found  on  an 
old  rail  fence  that  had  partly  fallen  down  since  the  spinning-  of 
the  cocoon.  One  of  the  rails  had  fallen  across  the  opening  of 
the  outer  case  effectually  blocking  it.  The  cocoon  was  evi- 


12  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan., '27 

clently  spun  during  1915.  The  moth,  also  a  female,  had  at- 
tempted to  emerge.  It  was  unable  to  do  more  than  push  the 
head  through  the  opening  of  the  inner  case.  In  this  position 
it  had  apparently  struggled  to  escape,  for  all  the  hairs  and 
scales  were  worn  from  the  head,  but  to  no  avail.  No  eggs  were 
deposited  in  this  case  and  the  wings  were  badly  malformed  and 
the  antennae  torn. 

During  the  years  between  1913  and  1918  numerous  paired 
and  triple  cocoons  of  this  species  were  found.  No  case  has 
ever  come  to  my  notice  in  which  either  of  the  cocoons  was  so 
placed  as  to  impede  the  egress  of  the  moth  from  the  other  co- 
coon. Several  specimens  of  twin  cocoons  have  been  found 
which  appeared  to  have  been  spun  at  the  same  time  since  there 
apparently  had  been  a  slight  interweaving  of  the  silk  between 
them.  In  two  cases  caterpillars  had  spun  their  cocoons  against 
deserted  ones  of  preceding  years.  Sexual  pairing  has  not  been 
the  case  where  cocoons  have  been  thus  found  in  close  contact 
with  each  other. 

Those  who  secure  cocoons  by  searching  them  out  from  among 
natural  environments  and  do  not  rear  the  insects  to  this  stage 
can  imagine  with  what  satisfaction  I  gathered  79  healthy 
specimens  of  cecropia  cocoons  from  three  small  trees  within 
six  feet  of  each  other.  A  cottonwood,  a  wild  crab,  and  a 
peach-leaf  willow  comprised  the  group  and  the  cocoons  were 
almost  equally  distributed  among  them.  I  judged  that  a  fer- 
tile female  had  become  injured  near  this  spot  and  this  large 
number  of  cocoons  were  all  the  progeny  of  one  individual. 

Callosamia  promethea  Drury. 

On  February  14,  1917,  a  cocoon  of  this  species  was  taken 
and  upon  testing  it  it  seemed  to  contain  the  pupa  of  a  parasite 
rather  than  of  a  moth.  It  was  cut  open.  The  outer  and  inner 
cases  were  normal  in  orientation  and  proportion,  but  the  cater- 
pillar had  pupated  in  an  inverted  position,  that  is,  the  head  of 
the  pupa  was  directed  toward  the  ground,  which  is  a  condition 
quite  unusual  for  any  suspended  species.  The  pupa  was  removed 
and  kept  under  careful  observation  and  during  the  following 
summer  a  normal  female  moth  appeared.  Had  the  cocoon 
remained  undisturbed  it  seems  safe  to  conclude  that  the  moth 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  13 

would  never  have  emerged  although  it  might  have  broken  the 
pupal  skin.  The  host  was  Primus  serotina.  I  secured  no 
progeny  from  this  moth. 

On  March  10,  1917,  a  twig  of  Primus  serotina  was  found 
upon  which  nine  healthy  cocoons  of  this  species  had  been  spun 
on  about  11  inches  of  twig.  Each  leaf  in  this  length  had  been 
taken  by  a  caterpillar  for  spinning  its  cocoon. 

On  November  17,  1918,  a  double  cocoon  of  promcthca  was 
found  upon  Primus  serotina.  Selecting  a  large  leaf  of  the 
host,  one  caterpillar  had  formed  a  normal  cocoon  using  the 
lower  half.  After  completion  another  larva  had  used  the 
remaining  upper  half  in  such  a  way  as  to  seal  up  the  lower 
cocoon  so  that  it  would  have  been  impossible  for  the  moth  to 
emerge.  A  normal  female  appeared  from  the  upper  cocoon 
in  due  time. 

In  addition  to  these  finds  I  have  frequently  secured  cocoons 
of  cccropia  and  promcthca  containing  from  one  to  six  or  more 
kernels  of  corn.  Because  the  silk  about  the  cocoon  openings 
was  always  pushed  in  as  though  from  the  driving  of  the  beak 
of  some  bird,  it  has  been  my  opinion  that  these  cocoons  were 
serving  as  caches  for  some  bird,  although  I  have  never  seen 
birds  in  the  act  of  placing  the  grain  in  them.  The  corn  has 
always  been  in  the  loose  middle  layer  of  silk,  although  in 
proinethca  they  were  never  pushed  beyond  view  as  one  looked 
into  the  top  of  the  cocoon.  These  grains  of  corn  have  never 
been  observed  to  interfere  with  the  emergence  of  the  moths.  I 
have  never  seen  birds  removing  the  kernels. 

Since  coming  to  Illinois  this  past  winter  I  have  seen  several 
cocoons  of  the  white-marked  tussock  moth  into  which  several 
grains  of  corn  had  been  inserted. 

Telea  polyphemus  Cramer. 

During  each  year  of  my  collecting  several  cocoons  of  this 
species  were  found  in  which  the  larva  had  spun  side  by  side, 
giving  twin  or  paired  cocoons.  I  have  never  found  specimens 
in  which  one  cocoon  interfered  in  any  way  with  the  emergence 
of  the  moth  from  the  other.  Some  have  been  spun  together  in 
leaves  upon  the  host  plant  while  others  have  been  spun  in  this 
manner  among  leaves  upon  the  ground. 


14  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

Homopterological  Gleanings  No.  2.     The  Types  of 
Certain  Genera  of  Membracidae. 

By  Z.  P.  METCALF.  l 

The  types  of  the  genera  of  Homoptera  have  never  been 
fixed.  Sometimes  the  accepted  types  do  not  conform  to  the 
rules  of  nomenclature  and  need  to  be  changed.  There  is  ap- 
parently in  the  minds  of  many  entomologists  who  are  not  sys- 
tematists  confusion  between  the  generic  concept  as  applied  to 
the  actual  insects  and  the  names  that  are  to  be  applied  to  these 
insects.  The  former  are  not  amenable  to  rules,  and  the  con- 
ception of  what  constitutes  generic  limits  is  constantly  shift- 
ing as  our  technique  grows  better  and  we  give  more  and  more 
attention  to  the  finer  details.  Names,  however,  are  not  only 
subject  to  rules,  but  they  must  conform  to  rules  or  nomencla- 
tural  chaos  is  the  result.  For  our  purpose  we  may  accept  the 
"Entomological  Code"  of  Banks  and  Caudell,  as  the  rules  are 
'especially  applicable  to  entomology  and  are  very  clearly  stated. 
If  we  are  to  achieve  stability  in  nomenclature,  it  can  be  done 
only  by  laying  a  firm  foundation  on  a  carefully  considered  set 
of  rules.  With  these  rules  in  mind,  a  survey  of  Dr.  Funk- 
houser's  manuscript  of  the  "Catalog  of  Membracidae"  shows 
the  following  changes  to  be  necessary. 

1.     The  Genus  Combophora. 

The  genus  Combophora  was  established  by  Germar  in  1833, 
Silbermann's  Rev.  Ent.  1 :  177,  for  two  species,  Ccntrotus 
horridus  Fabr.  and  C '.  trifidns  Fabr.  In  the  same  volume,  page 
227,  Burmeister  monographs  this  genus,  describing  fourteen 
species  in  all  including  horrida  and  trifida,  as  well  as  two 
species,  vulnenins  and  Besckii  (sic),  described  as  new  by  Ger- 
mar. Besckii  cannot,  therefore,  be  the  type  of  Combophora,  as 
it  was  not  included  in  the  genus  at  the  time  of  its  original 
description.  Of  the  two  species  originally  included,  liorriJa 
belongs  to  Hctcronotns  Laporte  1832  and  trifida  Fabr.  belongs 
to  Cyphonia  Laporte  1832.  The  name  Combophora  is,  there- 
CD  Published  with  the  approval  of  the  'Director  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina Agricultural  Experiment  Station  as  paper  number  8  of  the  Jour- 
nal Series. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  15 

fore,  not  valid  as  its  only  included  species  belong  to  previously 
described  genera.  The  only  name  available  for  the  genus 
Combo  f-hora  auctorum  seems  to  be  Anchistrotns  P> nekton,  1903, 
Mon.  A'lemb  :  147,  haplotype  A.  obcsiis  I5uckton. 

2.     The   Genus   Hoplophora. 

The  genus  Hoplophora  was  first  used  by  Perty  for  a  genus 
of  Orthoptcni?  Delect.  Anim.  Brasiliam  1830  (1830-34).  The 
part  on  Orthoptera  must  have  been  published  prior  to  1833,  as 
it  is  reviewed  in  Silbermann's  Rev.  Ent.  I:  1833,  (vide  Metcalf, 
Ent.  Xews  XXXII:  238).  Germar,  Silbermann's  Rev.  Ent.  I: 
177,  proposed  the  same  name  for  a  genus  of  Homoptera  Mcui- 
bracidae,  citing  Membracis  sagittata  Germar  and  Membracis 
triqngulum  Germar.  Sagittata  was  removed  to  the  genus 
Platycotis  by  Stal  in  1869,  Hemip.  Fabr.  II :  37,  and  is  now 
considered  a  variety  of  P.  vittata  Eabr.,  the  type  of  Platycotis. 
Kirkaldy  recognized  that  Hoplophora  was  preoccupied  and 
proposed  Hoplophorion  as  a  new  name.  This  name  will  stand, 
and  Membracis  trian^uluin  Germar  is  its  type. 

3.  The    Genus    Enchotypa. 

The  genus  Enchotypa  Stal  1869  has  as  its  type  Hoplophora 
granadcnsis  Guerin,  cited  by  Stal  in  error  for  Hoplophora 
fainnairci  Guerin.  Stal  later  corrected  this,  but  this  correction 
cannot  stand  according  to  the  "Entomological  Code."  96: 
"The  genotype  of  a  monobasic  genus  is  the  only  specific  name 
cited  irrespective  of  misidentifications  or  restrictions."  The 
name  Enchotypa  is  a  synonym  of  Potnia  Stal  1866,  type  Uin- 
bonia  rcnosa,  Germ.  I  propose  the  name  Stalotypa,  type  H. 
fainnairci  Guerin,  for  the  genus  formerly  known  as  Enchot\pa 
Stal. 

4.  The    Genus    Hemiptycha. 

The  genus  Hemiptycha  was  described  by  Germar  in  1833, 
Silbermann's  Rev.  Ent.  I:  177,  for  the  following  species: 
Membracis  galcata  Fabr.,  M.  obtccia  Fnbr.,  M.  bimaculata 
Fabr.  and  Ccntrotns  spinosits  Fabr.  In  Silberman's  Rev. 

^According    to    Scuddcr's    Nomenclator    Zoolni-iai.s ;    Xeuroptcra    ac- 
cording to  d'Orbigny's  Diet.  Hist.  Nat. 


16  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

Ent.  Ill:  244-247,  Germar  described  this  genus  more  in  detail 
and  added  six  species.  Many  species  have  been  added  to  this 
genus  by  the  various  workers  since  that  time,  but  most  of 
these  have  been  removed  to  other  genera  until  at  the  present 
time  only  three  species  are  generally  recognized  as  belonging 
to  this  genus,  and  three  others  are  doubtfully  referred  here. 
Of  these  species  Membracis  pnnctata  Fabr.  1775  (equals 
Hemiptycha  ccrznts  Germar  1835 )  was  named  as  type  by 
Blanchard  (d'Orbigny's  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.  VI:  533)  and  has 
been  generally  recognized  as  the  type  since  that  time.  This 
species  was  not  included  in  the  genus  until  1835,  therefore, 
this  designation  cannot  stand.  The  disposition  of  the  four 
species  originally  included  in  the  genus  by  Germar  is  as  fol- 
lows :  Centrotus  spinosus  Fabr.  1803  (Membracis  sf>inosus 
Fabr.  1775  )  is  the  haplotype  of  the  genus  Umbonia,  Burmeister 
1835,  Handb.  Ent:  138;  Membracis  biinacitlata  Fabr.  1794 
is  the  haplotype  of  the  genus  Thclia  Amyot  and  Serville,  Hist. 
Nat.  Ins.  Hemip. :  540;  Membracis  galcata  Fabr.  is  one  of  the 
two  species  mentioned  by  Stal  when  he  established  the  genus 
Archasia  1867,  Bid.  Hemip.  Syst :  556.  It  was  designated  as 
the  logotype  for  this  genus  by  Van  Duzee  1916,  Check  List 
Hemip.  North  Amer.  60.  Membracis  obtccta  Fabr.  is  the  hap- 
lotype of  the  genus  Hypselotropis  Stal.  1869  Hemip.  Fabr. 
II :  26.  Since  this  name  had  already  been  used,  Kirkaldy  pro- 
posed the  name  Gclastophora  for  Hypselotropis,  Ent.  XXXVII : 
279.  By  elimination  M.  obtccta  Fabr.  becomes  the  type  of 
Hemiptycha  Germar  1833,  and  Hyselotropis  Stal  1869  and 
Gelastophora  Kirkaldy  1904  are  synonyms.  While  the  only 
remaining  species  is  not  necessarily  the  type  of  the  genus, 
it  would  seemi  to  cause  much  less  confusion  in  this  case  to 
select  M.  obtecta  Fabr.  as  the  type  of  Hemiptycha.  Hemiptycha 
Auctor.  is  without  a  name,  and  I  propose  Hemikyptha,  type 
M.  punctata  Fabr. 

5.  The   Genus   Membracis. 

The  genus  Membracis  was  described  by  Fabricius  in  1775, 
Syst.  Ent:  675,  including  fourteen  species.  The  only  one  of 
these  species  that  would  be  considered  as  typical  of  the  genus 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  17 

at  the  present  time  is  Cicada  foliata  Linneus  1766.  So  far  as 
I  have  been  able  to  discover  there  has  been  no  definite  type 
fixation  for  this  genus.  Kirkaldy  states,  Entomol.  XXXIII: 
27,  that  Fabricius  gives  atrata  as  a  pseudotype,  1803  Syst. 
Rhyng:  6,  but  this  is  incorrect,  as  there  is  nothing  to  indicate 
a  type  designation,  and  so  far  as  I  can  discover  generic  types 
were  not  used  at  that  time.  Again  Kirkaldy,  Ent.  XXXIII: 
264,  states  that  Latreille,  Xouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.  XXIV,  gives 
foliata  as  the  type  of  Membracis.  I  do  not  have  a  copy  of 
this  volume  before  me  at  the  present  time,  but  I  do  not  re- 
member that  generic  types  were  designated  in  this  work.  My 
opinion  in  this  matter  has  veen  verified  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Fox, 
Assistant  Librarian,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadel- 
phia. Van  Duzee,  Cat.  Flemip :  560,  gives  Membracis  Fabr., 
logotype  atrata  Fabr..  but  this  cannot  be  correct  as  atraia  was 
not  one  of  the  originally  included  species.  Since  the  type 
of  this  genus  has  apparently  never  been  designated,  I  would 
designate  Cicada  foliata  Linn.  1766  as  the  type  of  Membracis 
Fabr.  1775. 

Megachile  subexilis  Ckll.,  a  Resin-Working  Bee 
(Hymen.:  Apoidea). 

By  CHARLES  H.   HICKS,  University  of  Colorado, 
Boulder,    Colo. 

The  Megachile  bees  are  commonly  termed  the  "Leaf-cut- 
ters" because  of  a  very  general  habit  they  have  of  cutting 
pieces  out  of  rose  leaves,  rose  petals,  poppy  petals,  the  petals 
of  hollyhocks,  aspen  leaves,  and  from  the  leaves  and  petals  of 
a  host  of  other  plants.  The  pieces  cut  are  of  two  general 
shapes,  small  round  ones  and  oblong  larger  ones.  The  former 
are  used  for  the  ends  and  the  latter  for  the  sides  of  the 
thimble  or  oblong-shaped  cells  into  which  the  pollen  and  egg- 
are  placed  and  in  which  the  young  bee  develops,  spins  its  cocoon, 
pupates  and  from  which  it  later  emerges  mature.  The  cells 
may  be  placed  in  tunnels  in  the  ground,  e.  g.,  M.  pcrihirla,  or  in 
the  old  stems  of  plants,  e.  g.,  M.  montk'aga,  or  in  various  and 
unique  places, 


18  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

This  habit  of  cutting-  leaves  is  one  of  long  standing  as  evi- 
denced by  the  fact  that  Professor  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  has  found 
unmistakable  evidence  of  it  having  existed  more  than  a  mil- 
lion years  ago.  Fossil  leaves  have  been  found  at  Florissant, 
Colorado,  from  shales  dating  back  to  the  Miocene  Period,  from 
which  the  characteristically  shaped  pieces,  similar  to  those  made 
by  the  Mcgachile  bees  of  today,  have  been  cut.  In  one 
specimen  a  number  of  these  had  been  cut,  the  edges  sharp 
and  clearly  defined,  showing  that  they  could  not  have  been 
the  result  of  some  chance  injury.  It  seems  very  probable  that 
these  were  made  by  Mcgachile  bees,  for  the  cuttings  from  the 
leaves  are  so  very  like  those  of  today  while  fossil  Megachile 
bees  are  found  from  these  same  rocks.  The  fact  that  a  number 
of  pieces  were  cut  from  one  leaf  suggests  that  the  bee  had  a 
habit  of  returning  to  the  same  leaf  for  material.  This  habit 
is  observed  very  often  now  where  a  rose  may  be  found  com- 
pletely riddled  from  the  many  visits  of  a  bee. 

Many  observers  have  recorded  finding  Mcgachile  bees  using 
pieces  of  leaves  and  petals  for  cells  and  the  habit  is  so  well 
known  that  no  attempt  will  be  made  to  enumerate  the  species 
observed.  Today  the  Mcgachile  bees  are  numerous  and  wide- 
spread and  wherever  observed  have  been  found  to  possess 
this  same  habit  with  a  very  few  exceptions.  Some  of  these 
exceptions  were  first  noted  by  Mr.  Henry  Hacker  (1915)  who 
found  certain  of  these  species  in  Australia  using  resin  for 
their  nests.  The  bees  found  there,  which  have  been  termed 
"resin-workers,"  are  M.  hackcri  Ckll.,  M.  rhodnra  Ckll.,  M. 
mystacca  (Fb.),  and  M.  nstitlata  (Sm.).  These  bees  Profes- 
sor Cockerell  has  placed  in  a  new  subgenus  called  Hackeriapis. 
He  informs  me  that  Mr.  F.  H.  Timberlake  has  found  M. 
schauinslandi  Alfken,  an  Hawaiian  species,  a  resin  worker  and 
sometimes  using  keyholes  for  sites. 

Hacker  found  specimens  of  M.  ustulata  carrying  masses  of 
a  resinous  substance  in  their  mandibles  with  which  they  line 
crannies  and  holes  in  timber.  A  resin  cell  was  taken  contain- 
ing a  half-grown  larva  of  this  species.  M.  inyslacca  was  found 
to  use  resin  with  which  it  lined  the  clay  cells  of  the  nest  of  a 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  19 

wasp,  Sccliphron  lactnin.  The  exit  holes  were  sealed  up  with 
the  same  material.  Hacker  did  not  find  M.  rliodnra  nesting. 
but  he  inferred  that  it  used  resin  for  the  bees  were  observed 
visiting-  a  Eucalyptus  tree,  from  which  resin  had  oozed,  and 
rasping  the  patch  ot"  resin  with  the  mandibles.  Both  sexes 
were  captured  on  these  resin  patches  and  he  inferred  that  the 
males  assist  the  females  in  constructing-  the  cells.  This  latter 

o 

point  should  be  actually  observed  before  ascribing  the  func- 
tion to  the  male.  M.  Jiackcri  was  bred  from  an  old  clay  nest 
of  Ablspa,  the  cells  having  been  lined  with  resin  which  also 
filled  up  the  exit  holes.  It  is  quite  probable  that  more  resin 
workers  will  be  found.  A  species  recently  described  by  Pro- 
fessor Cockerell  (1925)  called  M.  orthostoma  and  found  on 
Sibuyan  Island,  Philippines,  had  a  large  mass  of  resin  sticking 
to  the  mandibles. 

Many  bees  of  the  genus  Megachile  here  in  Colorado  have 
"been  observed  to  use  leaves  in  the  construction  of  cells,  among 
which  are  M.  pcrbrcvis,  M.  brcvis,  M.  niontwaga,  M.  fortis 
t'cs/ali,  M.  u'ootoni  and  others.  In  this  country  there  seems 
to  be  no  record  of  any  bees  of  this  genus  which  do  not  use 
leaves  in  the  nest.  M.  snbc.rilis  affords  an  unique  and  inter- 
esting exception,  building  its  nest  of  resin  and  using  neither 
leaves  nor  petals.  The  following  account  is  based  on  my  ob- 
servation and  study  of  the  species. 

The  nest  was  found  April  28,  1926,  in  the  side  of  an  almost 
vertical  sandstone  cliff  at  White  Rocks,  near  Boulder,  Colo- 
rado. The  nest  was  about  10  feet  above  the  ground  and  the 
outer  evidence  was  a  plug  of  resin  completely  filling  a  hole  in 
the  rock.  The  rock  was  not  so  hard  but  that  the  nest  could  be 
dug  out  with  a  jackknife.  The  tunnel  went  in  for  3  inches 
and  had  2  cells.  The  plug  to  the  outside  was  5  mm.  in 
length  and  5  mm.  in  thickness.  Immediately  below  this  was  a 
cocoon  very  thin,  light  in  color  and  surrounded  on  the  sides  by 
resin  2  to  4  mm.  in  thickness.  The  extreme  thinness  of  this 
cocoon  was  in  sharp  contrast  to  that  of  M.  montivaga  which 
has  a  cocoon  quite  thick  and  dense.  It  is  probable  that  M. 


20  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

subc.vilis  is  admirably  protected  by  the  resin  and  rock  and  a 
thick  cocoon  is  not  needed. 

A  very  thin  partition  of  resin  separated  the  inner  cell  from 
the  outer  and  from  it  a  larva  was  taken  April  28.     This  larva, 
from  the  inner  cell,   was   surrounded  by  a  cocoon  similar  to 
that   from  which  M.  subc.vilis  later  emerged  although  some- 
what thicker.     The  larva  pupated  May  8  and,  from  its  form, 
appeared  to  be  a  Coclio.vys  pupa.     On  May  24  the  pupal  skin 
was  cast  after  which  the  bee  remained  inactive  for  two  days 
while  the  wings  and  nervures  of  the  wings  changed  from  clear 
transparency  to  dark  margins  and  light  nervures.     The  next 
day  the  bee  was  somewhat  active  and  on  the   following  very 
active.    This  date,  May  28,  was  considered  to  be  the  time  when 
it   had   reached  maturity.     The  bee   was   determined  to  be  a 
female  Coclio.vys  gilcnsis  Ckll.,  agreeing  in  most  points  with 
the  specimens  in  the  collection   except  that  the  tegulae  were 
dark  instead  of  the  usual  reddish  color.     This  parasite  along 
with  the  host  was  kept  at  about  21  degrees  C.  from  the  time 
secured  until  the  bees  reached  maturity,  the  development  thus 
being  materially  hastened.     The  larva  of   C.  gilcnsis  winters 
over  in  the  larval  stage  as  probably  does  that  of  M.  snbe.rilis 
also. 

Last  summer  at  Boulder,  males  of  M.  subc.vilis  were  taken 
June  20  and  July  3;  females  were  taken  August  9  and  11. 
It  seems  probable  that  we  have  more  than  one  brood  here  a 
year. 

Professor  Cockerell  has  kindly  identified  these  specimens 
collected  and  reared  and  has  given  me  references  to  the  known 
resin-workers. 

All  the  resin  bees  of  the  genus  Megachile  observed  by  Hacker 
had  parallel-sided  abdomens  and  were  quite  similar  in  appear- 
ance. The  species  found  using  resin  by  Timberlake  look  much 
like  these  bees  in  shape  and  in  the  dark  color  of  the  wings  and 
the  red  pile  of  the  abdomen  and  thorax.  M.  subc.vilis  has  a 
parallel-sided  abdomen  and  a  very  little  reddish  pile  on  the 
male.  Robertson  '03  has  proposed  a  new  genus,  Oligotropus, 
for  a  species  very  closely  related  to  M.  sitbe.vilis.  The  writer 


XXXviii,  '27]  KXTO.MOLOGICAL    NEWS  21 

does  not  feel  capable  at  present  of  attempting-  to  determine 
the  proper  classification  of  this  species.  However,  from  a 
comparison  of  the  genitalia  of  M.  sithc.rilis  with  the  genitalia 
of  other  bees  of  the  genus  Megachilc  no  radical  difference  was 
observed.  This  species  has  a  parasite  common  to  the  genus, 
does  not  differ  greatly  morphologically  from  other  bees  of  the 
genus  Megachilc  and  has  therefore  been  considered  a  species  of 
it.  A  more  complete  and  comparative  study  of  this  and  other 
resin  workers  may  show  good  reasons  for  separation. 

REFERENCES. 

COCKERELL,  T.  D.  A.  1908.  Entomologist,  Dec.,  p.  292  (table 
of  Oligotropus). 

ID.  1922.  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist,  x,  Sept.,  p.  267  (Hack- 
criapis  n.  subgenus). 

ID.  1925.  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist,  xvi,  Oct.,  p.  417  (M.  or- 
thostonia  Ckll.,  and  quotes  Timberlake  in  footnote  con- 
cerning M.  schauinslandi  Alfken). 

HACKER,  H.  1915.  Mem.  Queensland  Mus.,  iii,  Jan.,  pp.  137-8 
(M.  ustttlata  Sm..  M.  rhodura  Ckll..  M.  hackeri  Ckll). 

RAU,  P.  1926.  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  xxv,  No.  7 
(Aug.),  p.  203  (Resinous  material  in  hole  of  M.  cam- 
panulac  Robertson,  a  species  of  Oligotropus :  "but  I  had 
no  way  of  knowing  whether  this  or  another  insect  had 
done  the  storing"  I. 

ROBERTSON,  C.  1903.  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxix,  p.  168 
(Oligotropus). 


Correction  for  December,  1926,  Entomological  News. 

Page  316,  2d  line,  should  read 

'''  L  Length  of  antennal  segment  I  not  equal  to  width  of 
head,"  etc. 

The  proof  as  returned  by  the  author  was  correct;  in  reset- 
ting the  line  to  bring  the  first  word  further  out  to  the  left, 
the  compositor  omitted  the  word  "not."- —EDITOR. 


Change  of  Address. 

Mr.  Melville  H.  Hatch  from  Department  of  Zoology,  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan.  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  to  Department  of 
Animal  Biology.  I'niversity  of  Minn- sola.  Minneapolis,  Min- 
nesota. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPHIA,    PA.,   JANUARY,    1927. 


The  Study  of  Insect  Relations 

If  the  past  teaches  us  to  understand  the  main  outlines  of 
the  distribution  of  our  insect  world,  we  will  learn  to  grasp  the 
details,  the  exact  occurrence,  the  reality  itself,  in  so  far  as  we 
give  ourselves  up  to  the  present.  This  means  a  flight  away 
from  books,  catalogs,  theories  and  formal  logic  into  out  of 
door  life.  Simple  as  this  seems,  it  is  difficult  to  the  city  man 
of  to-day  wrapped  up  in  books,  writing  and  speech.  But  if  he 
has  gone  through  the  books  and  theories  and  has  not  become 
too  old  thereby,  he  will  perhaps  still  be  capable  of  hearing 
from  living  Nature  some  of  her  secrets,  which  are  not  withheld 
from  him  as  long  as  he  receives  them  naively  and  free  from 
theories. 

To  understand  the  single  species  in  its  surroundings,  in  its 
natural  relations,  is  an  alluring  aim,  the  accomplishment  of 
which  raises  us  far  above  the  activities  of  the  mere  collector 
and.  cataloger,  although  many  obstacles  He  in  the  way.  Be 
it  briefly  intimated  that  we  entomologists  must  follow  the 
botanists  who  today  study  plant  associations  as  unities  and 
have  made  their  relations  to  soil  and  climate,  their  succession 
in  time  and  their  transformation  in  the  same  locality  the  sub- 
ject of  comprehensive  researches.  On  this  theme  there  are 
many  fine  works  which  concern  our  land,  yet  it  is  self-evident 
that  all  is  yet  in  flux  and,  unfortunately,  not  free  from  the  un- 
fruitful strife  of  the  schools. 

But  the  methods  of  research  can  not  be  simply  carried  over 
from  the  botanical  to  the  entomological  field ;  the  moving 
animal  is  not  to  be  conceived  in  the  same  way  in  his  relations 
to  his  surroundings,  in  which  he  is  in  general  freer  than 
the  plant,  fixed  in  its  habitat.  The  idea  of  association  and 
especially  that  of  succession  requires,  for  its  transfer  to  corre- 
sponding relations  in  the  insect  world,  a  careful  testing  before 
it  can  be  accepted  from  botany.  Above  all,  the  relations  of 
insects  are  more  complicated  in  this :  that  their  associations 
presuppose  the  associations  of  plants  and  consequently  offer  a 
potentially  higher  complication  of  their  dependences.  Almost 
all  this  awaits  a  coming  generation  of  entomologists. — F.  Ris. 

[From  his  address  on  The  Geographical  Distribution  of  the 
Insects  of  Switzerland  at  the  Third  International  Congress  of 
Entomologists,  Zurich,  July  20,  1925.  Verhandlungen  of  tin- 
Congress,  Bd.  II.  pp.  1-19,' Weimar,  1926.] 

22 


xxxviii, '27]  EXT- ).Moi.or,ir.\r,  \K\VS  23 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED    BY    E.    T.    CRESSON.    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  !,<•  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  |iertainini:  to  Xcotropicul  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

4 — Canadian  Ent..  Guelph.  6 — Jour.,  New  York  Ent. 
Soc.,  New  York.  7 — Ann.,  Ent.  Soc.  America,  Columbus, 
Ohio.  9 — Entomologist,  London.  8 — Ent.  Monthly  Mag., 
London.  11 — Deutsche  Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Berlin.  12 — Jour, 
of  Economic  Ent.  15 — Insecutor  Inscitiae  Menstruus, 
\\  ashington.  17 — Ent.  Rundschau,  Stuttgart.  18 — Intern. 
Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Guben.  21 — The  Entomologist's  Record. 
26 — Ent.  Anzeiger,  Wien.  30 — Tijdschrift  voor  Entomo- 
logie.  The  Hague.  33 — Bull,  et  An.,  Soc.  Ent.  Belgique. 
37 — Proc.  Hawaiian  Ent.  Soc.  49 — Ent.  Mitteilungen,  Ber- 
lin. 50 — Proc.,  U.  S.  National  Museum.  64 — Zeit.  Oesterr. 
Ent.  Ver.,  Wien.  71 — Xovitates  Zoologicae.  72 — Revue 
Russe  d'Entomologie.  75 — Ann.  &  Mag.  of  Nat.  Hist., 
London.  77 — Comptes  R.,  Soc.  Biologic,  Paris.  101 — Bio- 
logical Bui.,  Woods  Hole,  Mass.  103 — Proc.  Zool.  Soc., 
London.  104 — Zeit.  f.  Wissens.  Zool.,  Leipzig.  107— 
Biologisches  Zentralblatt.  Ill — Archiv  f.  Naturgeschichte, 
Berlin.  116 — Annals  of  Applied  Biology.  131 — Ent.  Blaet- 
ter,  Berlin.  133 — Jour.  Experimental  Zool.  141 — Amer. 
Naturalist.  153 — Bull.  Museum  Xat.  Hist.  Naturelle,  Paris. 
154 — Zool.  Anzeiger.  Leipsig. 

GENERAL.  Anon.  Common  names  of  insects  approved 
for  general  use  by  Amer.  Assoc.  Econ.  Ent.  First  supple- 
ment.— 12,  xix,  p.  797-799.  Brues,  C.  T.  Remarkable 
abundance  of  a  cistelid  beetle,  with  observations  on  otlu-r 
aggregation^  of  insects. — 141,  Ix,  p.  526-45.  Campbell.  T.  G. 
Insect  food>  of  the  aborigines  [of  Australia]. — Austr.  Mu>. 
Mag.,  Sydney,  ii.  p.  407-10.  Giglio  Tos.  E.  Xecrologia.- 
Mon.  Zool.  Italiano,  xxxvii,  p.  237-40.  Keller,  G.  J..  Obitu- 
ary notice. — 6,  xxxiv,  p.  *)$.  Kieffer,  J.  J.  Xecrologia.— 


24  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

Marcellia,  xxii,  p.  130-33,  ill.  Marchal,  P.  L'insecte  et 
1'homme. — Rev.  Scientifique  Paris,  Ixiv,  p.  673-79,  ill.  Mi- 
randa Ribeiro,  A.  de.  Nocoes  synthethicas  de  zoologia  Bra- 
silica.  S.  Paulo.  Arthrogastra,  p.  56-59;  Myriapodes,  p.  60-61 ; 
Insectos,  p.  62-75.  Morice,  F.  D.  Obituary. — 8,  Ixii,  p. 
268-69,  Port.  Schroeder,  C.  Handbuch  der  entomologie. 
Lief.  21-22  (Bd.  2,  p.  161-480.)  Tarns,  W.  H.  T.  Some 
hints  on  the  preparation  and  study  of  genitalia. — 21,  xxxviii, 
p.  145-149,  in.  Weiss,  H.  B.  Two  entomologists  of  the 
eighteenth  century :  Eleazar  Albin  and  Moses  Harris.— 
Sci.  Mo.,  Dec.,  p.  558-64.  Willis,  J.  C.  Age  and  area.- 
Quart.  Rev.  Biology,  i,  p.  553-71. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.    Driver,  E.  C.    The 

temperature-effective  period — The  key  to  eye  facet  number. 
-133,  xlvi,  p.  317-32.  Golden,  H.  M.  Die  kauenden  in- 
sektenmundteile  und  ihre  beziehung  zur  nahrung. — 111, 
1925,  A,  7,  p.  1-47.  Hamlett,  G.  W.  D.  The  linkage  dis- 
turbance involved  in  the  chromosome  translocation  I.  of 
Drosophila,  and  its  probable  significance. — 101,  li,  p.  435-42. 
Kinney,  E.  A  cytological  study  of  secretory  phenomena  in 
the  silk  gland  of  Hyphantria  cunea.— 101,  li,  p.  405-34,  ill. 
Reznitschenko,  M.  S.  The  influence  of  the  thyroid  gland 
on  the  development  of  D.  melanogaster  [Russian;  English 
resume]. — Trans,  lab.  Exper.  Biol.  Zoop.  Moscow,  ii,  p.  181- 
200.  Whitting,  P.  W.  Influence  of  age  of  mother  on  appear- 
ance of  an  hereditary  variation  in  Habrobracon.' — 101,  li, 
p.  371-84,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.       Adensamer,  W. 

Ueber  den  ban  der  mundteile  von  Scutigerella  immaculata. 
-Ill,  1925,  A,  7,  p.  146-62.  Morland,  D.  On  the  micro- 
scopic examination  of  bees  for  acari. — 116,  xiii,  p.  502-5,  ill. 
Motas,  C.  Introduction  a  1'etude  des  hydracariens. — An. 
Univ.  Grenoble,  Sec.  Sci.-Med.,  iii,  p.  47-92.  Nath,  V. 
Origin  of  yolk  in  the  eggs  of  Scolopendra. — Nature,  Lon- 
don, cxviii,  p.  660-1.  Oudemans,  A.  C.  Kritisch  historisch 
overzicht  der  acarologie. — 30,  Ixix,  suppl.,  500  pp.,  ill. 

(N)  Oudemans,  A.  C.  Halarachne-studien. — 111,  1925, 
A,  7,  p.  48-108.  Oudemans,  A.  C.  Etude  du  genre  No- 
toedres  et  de  1'espece  Acarus  bubululus. — Arch.  Neerl.  Sci. 
Exac.  et  Nat.,  La  Haye,  iv,  145-262,  ill. 

(S)  *Vignon,  M.  P'.  Especes  nouvelles  dans  les  genres 
Typophyllum  et  Cycloptera— 153,  1926,  p.  171-8. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.    Adolph,  E. 

Zur  morphologic  der  ephemeridenflugel. — N.  Act.   Leop.- 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  25 

Carol.  Deut.  Akacl.  Naturf..  Abh.  cvi.  X.  1,  145  pp.,  ill. 
Emerson.  A.  E.  Development  of  soldier  termites. — Zoo- 
logica.  X.  Y.  Zool.  Soc.,  vii,  p.  69-100.  Popoma.  A.  L'eber 
die  ernahrung  der  libellen-larven  an  der  Wolga. — Mikrok<»- 
mos,  Stuttgart,  xx.  p.  29-32.  Snyder.  T.  E.  Biology  of  the 
termite  castes. — Quart.  Rev.  Biology,  i,  p.  522-52. 

(X)  *Bagnall,  R.  S.  Brief  descriptions  of  new  Thysanop- 
tera. — 75,  xviii,  p.  545-560.  Ulmer,  G.  Bae'tis  luridipennis 
aus  N.  A.  ist  ein  Siphlonurus. — 49,  xv,  p.  223-225. 

HEMIPTERA.  Ewing,  H.  E.  Wing  production  in 
plant  lice. — 141,  Ix,  p.  576-8.  *Muir,  F.  Some  remarks  on 
Dr.  Hem  Singn-Pruthi's  paper  on  the  morphology  of  the 
male  genitalia  in  Rhynchota. — 37,  vi,  ]).  323-332,  ill. 

(N)  *Ball,  E.  D.  A  new  species  of  Aphelonema  with 
notes  on  others  (Fulgoridae). — 4,  Iviii,  p.  241-245.  *Knight, 
H.  H.  Descriptions  on  six  new  miridae  from  eastern  X.  A. 
(Miridae). — 4,  Iviii,  p.  252-256.  *Patch,  E.  M.  [Description 
of  a  new  species  of  Macrosiphum]  (Aphididae). — 7,  xix,  p. 
334. 

(S)  *Harris,  H.  M.  Distributional  notes  on  some  neo- 
tropical bugs  of  the  family  Nabiclae,  with  description  of  a 
new  species. — 50,  Ixix,  art.  21,  p.  1-4.  *Muir,  F.  Atopo- 
cixius,  a  new  genus  of  uncertain  position  in  the  Fulgoroidea. 
-37.,  vi,  p.  335-336,  ill.  *Stichel,  W.  Die  gattung  Micro- 
tomus  (Reduv.)— H,  1926,  p.  179-190,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Derbeneff.  B.  Changement  de  la 
musculature  de  Stilpnotia  salicis  sous  1'influence  du  froid 
sur  la  chrysalide  [Russian;  Frence  resume] — Rev.  Zool. 
Russe,  Moscow,  vi,  p.  20-32,  ill.  Hein,  S.  Ueber  bein-und 
blutverlust  bei  raupen. — 64,  xi,  p.  98-100.  McDunnough, 
J.  M.  La  luminosite  oculaire,  chez  les  lepidopteres. — Xat. 
Canadian,  Quebec,  liii,  p.  73-74.  Reub,  Dr.  Ist  der  "Seitz" 
praktisch?— 17,  xliii.  p.  39-40.  Schwanwitsch,  B.  N.  On 
the  modes  of  the  wing-pattern  in  nymphalids  and  certain 
other  families  of  the  rhopalocerous  lepidoptera. — 103,  1926, 
p.  493-508,  ill.  Sprottau.  O.  M.  Ermnerungen  aus  Siid- 
Amerika.  Paul  Hahnel>  letzte  reise  nach  dem  Amazonas. 
—Separate  from  Insektenborse,  Aug.  8,  1926.  Swezey, 
O.  H.  Butterflies  of  Banff,  Canada,  and  vicinity,  collected 
in  July  and  August.  1922.— 37,  vi,  p.  289-290.  Titschack,  E. 
L'ntersuchungeii  uber  das  wachstum  den  nahrungsver- 
brauch  und  die  eierzeugung.  II.  Tineola  biselliella. — 104. 
cxxviii.  p.  509-69.  Williams,  C.  B.  \'oluntary  or  involun- 
tary migration  of  butterflies. — 9,  lix,  p.  281-288.  Wilson,  O. 
Silk  and  its  maker. — Nature  Mag.,  Washington,  Dec.,  1926, 
p.  355-9,  ill. 


26  ENTOMOLOGICAL   xi:\vs  |  fan.,  '27 

(N)  *Bird,  H.  New  life  histories  and  notes  in  Papaipema 
No.  24.— 4,  Iviii,  p.  249-252.  -Bcttimer,  L.  J.  Notes  on 
some  L  from  eastern  Texas. — 133,  xxxiii,  p.  797-819. 

(S)  *Dyar,  H.  G.  New  lepidoptera  from  Mexico  (Ly- 
caemdae).--15,  xiv,  p.  140-1-18.  *Neustetter,  H.  Besprech- 
ung  einer  Heliconius-ausbeute  aus  Franzosisch-Guayana 
und  beschreibung-  der  neuen  formen  aus  derselben. — 18,  xx, 
p.  278-282.  *Prout,  L.  B.  New  Geometridae  in  the  Tring 
Musuem.— 71,  xxxiii,  p.  179-188.  *Roeber,  J.  Lepidoptero- 
logisches.— 49,  xv,  p.  226-230. 

DIPTERA.  Curran.  C.  H.  The  distribution  in  Canada 
of  the  European  scavenger  fly,  Muscina  pascuorum. — 4, 
Iviii,  235-236.  De  Meijere,  J.  C.  H.  Die  larven  der  Agro- 
myzinen  (Fortsetzung  und  schluss). — 30,  Ixix,  p.  227-307. 
*Dyar.  H.  G.  A  note  in  Psychodidae.— 15,  xiv,  p.  148-149. 
Greene,  C.  T.  Descriptions  of  larvae  and  pupae  of  two- 
winged  flies  belonging  to  the  family  Leptidae. — 50,  Ixx, 
Art.  2.  Hering,  M.  Nachgewissene  parthenogenetische 
fortpflanzung  bei  einer  blattminierenden  acalyptraten 
muscide. — 154,  Ixviii,  p.  283-7.  Nitzulescu,  V.  Sur  1'arma- 
ture  buccale  des  Tabanides. — 77,  xcv,  p.  1152-4,  ill.  Roeher, 
A.  Ueber  leuchterscheinung  und  biologische  strahlung 
(leuchtende  fliegenlarve). — 26,  vi,  153-160. 

(N)  *  Alexander,  C.  P.  Records  of  crane-flies  (Tipulidae) 
from  Ontario. — 4,  Iviii,  p.  236-240.  ^Alexander,  C.  P.  Un- 
described  species  of  crane-flies  from  the  U.  S.  and  Canada 
II  (Tipulidae).— 15,  xiv,  p.  114-122.  *Curran,  C.  H.  The 
species  of  Hilara  occurring  in  Banff  and  vicinity  (Empidi- 
dae). — 4,  Iviii,  p.  245-249.  *Dyar,  H.  G.  Three  psychodids 
from  the  Glacier  National  Park  (Psychodidae). — 15,  xiv,  p. 
103-106,  ill.  Some  apparently  new  American  psychodids. 
(Psychodidae).— 15,  xiv,  p.  107-111.  *Johnson,  C.  W.  A 
revision  of  some  of  the  No.  Amer.  species  of  Mydaidae.— 
Proc.  Boston,  Soc.'N.  H..  xxxviii,  p.  131-145,  ill."  Mueller, 
A.  Der  stammbaum  der  deutschen  tachiniden  auf  grund 
der  penisform. — N.  Act.  Leop. -Carol.  Deut.  Akad.  Naturf., 
Abh.  108,  30  pp.,  ill.  *Stewart,  M.  A.  Two  new  Siphonap- 
tera  from  New  York. — 15,  xiv,  p.  122-126. 

(S)  *Brunetti,  E.  New  and  little-known  Cyrtidae. — 75, 
xviii,  p.  561-6C6.  "Dyar,  H.  G.  Notes  on  Panama  mos- 
quitoes (Culicidae). — 15,  xiv,  p.  111-114.  Note  on  Coreth- 
rella  appendiculata  (Culicidae). — 15,  xiv,  p.  150.  :!:Malloch, 
J.  R.  Exotic  Muscaridae  (Calliphoridae). — 75,  xviii,  p.  496- 
530. 


XXXviii,  '27  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    .\F.\VS  27 

COLEOPTERA.  Breuning,  S.  Einige  worte  zu  Jean- 
nel's  theorie  der  Adephagen-skulptur. — 49,  xv,  p.  230-245. 
Cipriani,  L.  Le  nova  mimetiche  del  cuculo  come  indizio 
di  important!  possibilita  organiche. — Riv.  Biologia,  Milano, 
viii,  p.  459-72.  Reichensperger.  A.  Eine  bemerkung  zu 
pars  83  des  Coleopterorum  C'atalogus  1926. — 49,  xv.  p.  245- 
246.  Rueschkamp,  F.  Zu  Horn's  "Gerliigelte  Caraben." 
49,  xv,  ]>.  2-16-248.  Schilder.  F.  A.  Rhipiphoriden-Studien. 
-131,  xxii,  p.  114-117. 

(S)  :|:Benick,  L.  Xene  Megalopsidiinen  and  Steninen, 
vorwiegend  aus  dem  zoologischen  museum  in  Hamburg.— 
49,  xv,  p.  262-279.  :|: Jordan,  K.  Some  new  Anthribidae  in 
the  British  Museum.— 71,  xxxiii,  p.  146-170.  *Marshall, 
C.  A.  K.  On  ne\v  neotropical  Curculionidae. — 75,  xviii,  p. 
530-544.  *Nevermann,  F.  Eine  neue  Starira  aus  Costa 
Rica.— 131,  xxii.  p.  113-114. 

HYMENOPTERA.  ,  Anon.  Das  schneckenhaus  als 
bienenwohnung.  -  -  Kosmos,  Stuttgart,  xxiii,  p.  398-99. 
Bluethgen.  P.  Eine  entgegnung  aut"  den  aufsatz  Meyers 
'Zur  Bienengattung  Sphecodes."-  —  111,  1925,  A,  7,  p.  163-8. 
Heikertinger.  F.  Die  ameisenmimese. — 107,  xlvi,  p.  5()3- 
625.  Kraube,  A.  Loch-und  rinnenschalen  fur  entomo- 
logische,  besonders  myrmekologische  zwecke. — 18,  xx,  p. 
288.  Kusnezov-Ugamsky,  N.  N.  Beitrage  zur  zoogeo- 
LM'aphie  der  Tenthredinoidea. — Bui.  Univ.  Asie  Cent,  Tach- 
kent,  livr.  13,  p.  87-98.  [Russian  with  German  summary.] 
Ncvikcft,  P.  A.  Zur  frage  der  individuellen  variabilitat  der 
giftapparates  bei  Apis  mellifera  |  Russian  ;  German  resume]. 
-Rev.  Zool.  Russe,  Moscow,  vi,  p.  68-76.  Olufsen,  Dr. 
Das  duftorgan  der  biene. — Der  Xaturf.,  Berlin,  1926-27,  p. 
413-6.  ill.  Seyser,  W.  Anfanger  pra'])arate  Y.  Yon  der 
honigbiene,  den  hummeln  und  wespen. — Mikro.  f.  Naturf., 
P>erlin,  i\-,  ]).  272-6,  ill.  Verlaine,  L.  Reines  fecondees  des 
hymenopteres  sociaux  peuvent-elles  normalement  engendrer 
des  males?— 33,  Ixiv.  p.  287-314.  Wasmann,  E.  Zur  streit- 
frage  der  ameisenmimikry. — 154.  Ixviii,  ]>.  273-82.  Zheloch- 
cvtsev,  A.  Ueber  den  ban  der  legerohre  von  Dolerini  [Rus- 
sian ;  German  resume]- — Rev.  Zool.  Russe,  Moscow,  vi,  p. 
1-19. 

(X)  *Compere,  H.  Xe\v  coccid-inhabiting  parasite- 
(Encyrtidae)  from  Ja]>an  and  California.— Univ.  Cal.  Pub. 
Ent.,  iv,  p.  33-50,  ill.  :|:Schwarz,  H.  F.  Xo.  American 
Dianthidium,  Anthidiellum  and  Paranthidium. — Am.  Mu>. 
Movitates;  Am.  Mus.  X.  H..  Xew  \m-k.  Xo.  22n.  Smith  & 
Compere.  Establishment  in  California  of  Coccophagus 


28  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [  Jan.,  '27 

modestus    (Aphelinidac)    with    notes    on    its    life-history.— 
Univ.  Cal.  Pub.,  Ent.  iv.  p.  51-61. 

(S)  Berland,  L.  Les  Sphegidae  clu  museum  national  de 
Paris.— 153,  1926,  p.  163-70.  *Ceballos.  G.  Estefanidos  del 
museo  cle  Madrid  (Stephan.) — 72,  ii,  p.  135-147.  ill. 


SPECIAL  NOTICES.  Monograph  of  the  tribe  Hes- 
periidi  (European  species)  with  revised  classification  of  the 
subfamily  Hesperiinae  .  .  based  on  the  genitalic  armature 
of  the  males  (Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  London,  Ixxiv,  p.  1-170,  ill. 
Although  treating  of  the  European  species,  this  paper  will 
prove  to  be  of  interest  to  all  students  of  this  family  of  the 
lepidoptera. 

SYLLABUS  DER  INSEKTENBIOLOGIE,  von  DR.  HANS  BLUNCK  : 
First  installment  (Berlin,  Gebriider  Borntraeger,  1925). — The 
first  part  of  Doctor  Blunck's  ambitiously  planned  Syllabus  of 
the  Biology  of  Insects  has  appeared.  It  includes  the  Coleoptera 
through  Histeridae,  and  is  issued  as  a  pamphlet  of  136  pages. 
Doctor  Blunck  has  undertaken  a  stupendous  task.  That  is  to 
record  all  that  has  been  published  upon  the  life  histories  of 
insects,  group  by  group  and  species  by  species.  The  literature 
of  this  subject  is  extremely  fragmentary  and  diffuse.  Short 
notes  have  been  published  in  every  language  and  in  every 
country,  and  it  is  Doctor  Blunck's  aim  to  make  it  all  available 
to  workers  in  the  most  condensed  way  and  in  the  form  of  a  list. 
Very  many  renowned  specialists  are  co-operating  with  him, 
and  the  total  result  will  be  invaluable  to  workers  ;  and.  more 
than  that,  it  will  be  a  stimulus  to  investigation,  since  by  refer- 
ring to  its  pages  any  one  can  easily  see  the  gaps  in  our  knowl- 
edge that  are  to  be  filled.  The  general  plan  as  elaborated  so 
far  is  to  issue  six  volumes,  as  follows:  Volume  1,  Apterygota, 
Ephemerida,  Odonata.  Perliclae,  Dermaptera,  Orthoptera, 
Isoptera;  Volume  2,  Corrodentia,  Thysanoptera,  Hemiptera, 
Pediculidae ;  Volume  3,  Neuroptera,  Trichoptera,  Lepidoptera ; 
Volume  4a,  Coleoptera ;  Volume  4b,  Coleoptera  with  Strepsip- 
tera ;  Volume  5,  Panorpatae,  Diptera,  Aphaniptera  ;  Volume  6, 
Hymenoptera. 

If  the  subsequent  parts  are  done  as  well  as  this  first  part  of 
the  Coleoptera  (and,  by  the  way,  it  seems  strange  that  a  part 
of  Volume  4  should  be  published  as  the  first  one  of  the  general 
scheme)  all  workers  will  be  delighted.  On  account  of  the 
great  mass  of  material,  the  author  has  found  it  necessary  to 
use  a  large  number  of  symbols  and  many  abbreviations  in  the 
German  language,  but  a  little  practice  will  enable  its  ready 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  29 

use.  I  am  delighted  with  the  whole  plan.  Of  course.  I  am  not 
a  Coleopterist,  and  have  therefore  asked  my  colleague.  Mr. 
Herbert  S.  Barber,  for  his  opinion  of  this  first  part.  He  sha  < •> 
my  great  interest  in  the  work,  and  tells  me  that  he  heartily 
welcomes  the  appearance  of  this  first  number.  He  tells  me 
that  it  will  be  "indispensable"  for  ready  reference  in  the 
National  Museum.  Of  course  he  does  not  mean  indispensable, 
since  he  and  his  fellow  workers  have  done  very  well  down  to 
the  present  time  without  it,  but  I  imagine  the  reader  will  catch 
his  meaning.  He  has  pointed  out  to  me  a  very  few  omissions 
of  American  records,  but  has  pointed  out  also  a  number  of 
records  which  brought  together  in  this  way  give  us  much  better 
ideas  as  to  group  habits  than  we  would  be  likely  to  gain  in  any 
other  way. 

Of  course,  as  the  work  goes  on  the  degree  of  completeness 
must  be  expected  to  vary  to  some  extent  with  the  different 
collaborators,  but,  with  such  an  excellent  guide  as  this  first 
part  will  be  to  them,  a  complete  whole  of  very  great  value  can- 
not fail  to  eventuate.  L.  O.  HOWARD. 


INSECTS  OF  WESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA.  By  E.  O.  ESSIG. 
New  York :  Macmillan  Co.,  1926.  Pp.  1035.  766  figures.— The 
appearance  of  this  book,  by  the  Associate  Professor  of  Ento- 
mology in  the  University  of  California,  puts  the  whole  subject 
of  Western  insects  on  a  new  and  better  footing.  For  the  first 
time,  we  have  a  usable  guide  to  our  insect  fauna  west  of  the 
hundredth  meridian.  Within  the  limits  of  a  single  volume, 
even  of  more  than  a  thousand  pages,  it  is  impossible  to  describe 
or  even  mention  all  the  genera  and  species,  but  nearly  all  the 
commoner  or  more  important  ones  are  referred  to.  Species  of 
economic  importance,  or  otherwise  specially  interesting,  are 
briefly  described,  and  usually  well  figured.  The  recorded  habits 
are  very  fully  cited,  and  the  references  to  literature  are  un- 
usually complete.  In  short,  the  book  is  packed  as- full  of 
valuable  information  as  possible,  and  in  the  hands  of  an  intelli- 
gent student,  professional  or  amateur,  it  will  be  a  constant  and 
indispensable  source  of  information.  For  those  in  other  regions 
it  will  also  be  of  great  value,  and  perhaps  especially  to  Ento- 
mologists in  foreign  countries,  who  have  difficulty  in  keeping 
informed  concerning  the  progress  of  American  Entomology. 
It  may  not  be  unreasonable  to  hope  that  the  impetus  given  to 
western  Entomology  by  Essig's  work  will  lead  to  other  develop- 
ments. The  next  thing  to  plan  for  should  be  a  series  of 
volumes,  dealing  with  the  several  orders,  and  including  all 
known  genera  and  species.  The  Lepidoptera  of  A'ra'  York  and 
Neighbouring  States,  by  Forbes  (1923)  would  serve  as  a  model, 


30  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

though  the  fuller  treatment  of  the  Fauna  of  British  India,  could 
this  style  be  adopted,  is  greatly  preferable.  The  greatest 
obstacle  to  the  development  of  such  a  plan  is  undoubtedly 
financial,  but  Entomologists  should  conceitedly  urge  the  claims 
of  their  science,  supporting  them  by  facts  well  known  to  them, 
but  almost  wholly  unknown  to  the  general  public.  For  example, 
I  learn  from  Mr.  H.  S.  Smith  that  the  total  value  of  the  oranges 
in  California  in  1925  was  $79,200,000.  The  value  of  the  lemons 
was  $18,000,000.  Los  Angeles  and  Orange  counties  have 
approximately  half  the  citrus  acreage  of  the  whole  state. 
Los  Angeles  County  in  1925  had  53,458  acres  of  bearing  citrus 
trees.  Orange  County  had  41,773  acres.  They  average  about 
90  trees  to  the  acre.  Los  Angeles  County  spends  over  a  million 
dollars  a  year  fighting  insects  on  the  citrus  trees ;  Orange 
County  about  nine  hundred  thousand.  Without  constant  effort, 
breeding  the  Cryptolaemus  ladybug  in  specially  constructed 
insectaries  and  turning  them  loose  every  year  in  the  orchards, 
the  Citrophjlus  mealy-bug  would  undoubtedly  ruin  the  whole 
industry.  The  black  and  red  scales  have  to  be  fought  in- 
cessantly, and  now  with  renewed  vigor  because,  following  the 
teachings  of  Darwin,  they  have  through  a  process  of  survival 
of  the  fittest  developed  resistance  to  cyanide  fumes.  We,  who 
cheerfully  eat  oranges  throughout  the  season,  little  imagine  the 
trained  intelligence,  labor  and  expense  which  make  it  possible 
for  us  to  have  them  at  all.  Such  considerations,  of  an  economic 
nature,  should  in  themselves  convince  any  one  of  the  importance 
of  supporting  Entomological  research  and  publication.  Yet 
they  may  be  reinforced  by  others,  in  some  respects  even  more 
weighty.  It  is  difficult  to  exaggerate  the  moral  value  of  interest 
in  nature,  or  the  pleasure  derivable  from  such  interest.  Though 
we  are  fed,  housed  and  clothed,  we  shall  never  be  really  worth 
while,  to  ourselves  or  others,  until  we  learn  to  appreciate  the 
beautiful  world  in  which  we  live  and  the  marvelous  order  of  the 
universe.  This  appreciation,  like  our  rggard  for  persons,  is 
necessarily  partly  intellectual  and  partly  emotional,  and  must 
rest  on  a  basis  of  knowledge. 

Examining  the  details  in  Essig's  book,  I  marvel  at  the  general 
accuracy.  In  such  a  mass  of  detail,  occasional  slips  must  occur, 
but  those  I  notice  are  few,  and  generally  due  to  mistakes  in 
the  literature  cited.  Thus  on  page  830  an  Alcyrodcs  is  called 
" euphorbiara" .  It  was  named  euphorbiarum,  but  Quaintance 
and  Baker,  not  recognizing  a  genitive  plural,  wanted  to  make 
the  word  agree  in  gender  with  Alcyrodcs,  and  Essig  copied  the 
mistake.  I  am  credited  wjth  publishing  Murgantia  mgricans,  a 
synonym  of  M.  histrionica,  because  it  so  appears  in  Van  Duzee's 


XXXviii,  '27|  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  31 

Catalogue.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  1  published  only  a  variety 
nigricans,  the  dark  form  common  along  the  coast  of  Southern 
California.  There  is  no  dispute  as  to  the  existence  of  this 
form,  and  it  stands  exactly  where  I  left  it.  The  error  in  thi> 
case  arose  simply  from  the  method  of  citation  in  the  Van  1  )uzee 
catalogue.  There  is  more  serious  confusion  in  the  Lepidop- 
terous  family  Aegeriidae.  .-llcatlwc  is  printed  .llcuthce. 
Aegcria  is  made  to  include  two  quite  distinct  genera,  Ac^crla 
of  the  later  lists,  and  S\naniJicdon  or  Conopia,  the  .-ic^cria  of 
former  times.  This  is  the  consequence  of  the  way  names  have 
been  shuffled  and  changed  in  this  group,  utterly  confusing  to 
anyone  who  has  not  closely  followed  the  literature.  It  is  rather 
singular  that  it  is  said  of  the  larvae  of  the  sawrly  Xcinatoticura 
iiiak'accaruui  that  they  "do  not  appear  to  attack  cultivated 
hollyhocks,"  when  the  title  of  the  original  paper,  duly  cited.  \vas 
"A  New  Sawrly  which  is  Injurious  to  Hollyhocks."  A  few 
years  ago  I  again  found  the  larvae  in  Santa  Fe,  infesting  holly- 
hocks in  the  garden  of  Dr.  E.  L.  Hewett.  The  list  of  nnyHies 
is  by  no  means  up  to  elite  ;  it  ignores  the  work  of  Dodds  and 
McDunnough. 

Although  the  title  refers  only  to  insects,  other  terrestrial 
arthropods  are  included,  and  there  is  a  most  serviceable  account 
of  the  Isopoda,  scorpions,  ticks  and  mites,  etc.  Only  a  few  of 
the  most  conspicuous  spiders  are  cited.  An  excellent  feature  is 
the  large  number  of  references  to  recorded  parasitism,  involving 
among  other  things  a  summary  of  the  species  of  parasitic 
Hymenoptera.  Many  of  the  chapters  have  been  submitted  to 
specialists,  with  the  result  that  we  often  find  new  or  almost  new 
synonymy,  and  other  evidences  of  revisional  work.  The  very 
full  index  is  greatly  to  be  commended. 

T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL. 


OBITUARY. 

On  the  morning  of  November  llth,  1926,  CURTIS  G.  LLOYD 
died  at  Bethesda  Hospital  in  Cincinnati  at  the  age  of  (^.  Dur- 
ing a  lifetime  that  was  largely  devoted  to  scientific  work  he 
built  up  in  Cincinnati  what  is  probably  the  largest  collection 
of  fungi  in  the  world.  Together  with  his  brothers  John  I'ri 
Lloyd  and  Nelson  Ashley  Lloyd,  he  founded  the  Lloyd  Library 
in  Cincinnati.  This  library  contains  more  than  52,000  volume, 
and  is  foremost  in  works  on  Matcria  Medica  and  Mycology. 


32  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '27 

The  bulletins  of  this  library  he  edited,  and  for  the  most  part 
wrote.  They  are  27  in  number.  Five  of  them  are  mainly 
entomological  and  were  prepared  at  Cornell  University 

They  are  as  follows : 

No.   1.   North  American  Cacldisflv  Larvae,  by   T.  T.   Lloyd. 

J  ^        J  J 

No.  2.  Notes  on  the  Biology  of  some  of  our  North  American 

Species  of  Mayflies,  by  Helen  E.  Murphy. 
No.  3.  Morphology,  Anatomy  and  Ethology  of  Nemoura,  by 

C.  F.  Wu. 
No.  4.  Neotropical    Mayflies,    by   James    G.    Needham    and 

Flelen  E.  Murphy. 

No.  5.  A  Preliminary  Biological  Survey  of  the  Lloyd-Cor- 
nell Reservation,  by  members  of  the  scientific  staff 
of  Cornell  University. 

The  University  of  Cincinnati  last  June  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Science. 

Dr.  Lloyd  was  a  real  promoter  of  conservation.  While  many 
others  talked  wild-life  preserves,  he  quietly  brought  them  into 
existence :  first  a  fine  area  of  virgin  forest  near  his  boyhood 
home  at  Crittenden,  Kentucky,  which  he  filled  with  wild  flowers. 
Then  three  of  the  choicest  bits  of  nature  near  to  Cornell  Uni- 
versity:  one  an  area  of  cold,  upland  bogs  near  McLean ;  another 
a  wild  flower  preserve  in  a  woodland  near  Slaterville  Springs  ; 
and  the  third  a  region  of  potholes  in  beech  woods  at  Ringwood 
Hollow.  All  these  he  placed  in  the  permanent  keeping  of  a 
board  of  trustees  for  the  benefit  of  the  public. 

J.  G.  NEEDHAM. 

The  deaths  of  the  following  entomologists  were  announced 
in  Science  for  Nov.  19,  1926:  Rev.  FRANCIS  DAVID  MORICE, 
of  England,  Hymenopterist,  on  September  23  in  his  seventy- 
eighth  year ;  TASUSHI  NAWA,  of  Japan,  known  for  his  work  on 
termites,  aged  seventy  years  ;  and  Professor  ERMANNO  GIGLIO- 
Tos,  professor  of  zoology  in  the  University  of  Turin. 


The  number  for  the  NEWS  for  December,  1926,  was  mailed  at  the 
Philadelphia  Post  Office  on  December  10th,  1926. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS  FOR  1927  ARE  NOW  DUE 
FEBRUARY,  1927 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVIII  No.  2 


FEB  1  5  1927 
.<* 


JAMES  H.  B.  BLAND, 
1833-1911 


CONTENTS 

Savin — Food  Preferences  of  the  Black  Cricket  (Gryllus  assimilis)  with 

Special  Reference  to  the  Damage  Done  to  Fabrics  (Orthop.)  .  .          33 
Abbott — An  Aberrant  Specimen  of  Necrophorus  tomentosus  (Weber) 

(Coleop.:   Silphidae) 39 

Knight— Note  on  the  Collecting  of  Say's  Mulatto-Bug)  Cydnoides  albi- 

pennis  Say).(Hemiptera,  Cydnidae) 40 

Curran — Synopsis  of  the  Syrphid  Genus  Copestylum  Macq.  (Diptera).        43 

Larson — The  Automobile  vs.  Insects 47 

Gunder — A  New  "  Skipper"  Aberration  (Lepid.  :  Hesperiidae).  ...          51 
Van  Duzee — The  North  American  Nematoproctus  (Diptera:  Dolicho- 

podidae) 53 

The  Chilean  Society  of  Natural  History  . 54 

Editorial — Entomology  at  the  "Convocation  Week"  Meetings,  Decem- 
ber 27,  1926,  to  January  1,  1927 

Prof.  Cockerell  plans  a  trip  abroad 57 

Miller — A  Case  for  the  English  Sparrow  as  an  Insect  Destroyer  (Lepid. ). 

An  Indian  Entomologist  to  Visit  the  United  States 

Personal .^'.' 

Entomological  Literature 5'.* 

Obituary— Major  John  Coney  Moulton <J4 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 103, 

Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January  15,  1911. 


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Advisory  Committtee  :  Philip  Lattrent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XXXVIII 


FEBRUARY,   1927 


No.  2 


Food  Preferences  of  the  Black  Cricket  (Gryllus 

assimilis)  with  Special  Reference  to  the 

Damage  Done  to  Fabrics  (Orthop.). 

By  MARGARET  B.  SAVIN,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

(Continued  from  page  10.) 

Table  I  is  a  summary  of  a  fuller  table  copies  of  which  are 
deposited  with  the  Graduate  School,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  with  the  American  Entomological  Society.  It  will 
give  some  idea  of  the  time  required  for  consuming  certain  raw 
and  cooked  vegetables  and  the  age  and  sex  of  the  subjects 
used.  If  the  food  was  not  touched  a  blank  space  is  left. 

TABLE  I. 


Food. 

Tomato    (raw,    pyramid 

10     mm.,     1-16     mm. 

thick) 
Potato  (raw,  1x3x3 

mm. ) 
Carrot     ( raw.     pyramid 

10     mm.,     1-16     mm. 

thick ) 

Lima     Bean     (raw,     10 
mm.  in  diameter) 

Lima    Bean    (cooked,    10 
mm.  in  diameter  ) 

Corn  (  raw,  1  kernel ) 


Corn  (cooked,  1  kernel)      3 


Crickets  Tested. 

4  $  nymphs 

1  d  adult,  1  d  nymph 

7  ?  nymphs 
6  d  nymphs 

3  ?  nymphs 

1  d  adult,  1  d  nymph 

2  d  nymphs 

4  9  nymphs 
4  ?  adults 

3  d  nymphs 

4  d  adults 

2  ?  nymphs 

1  ?  molting 

3  d  nymphs 

2  d  adults 
1    ?  nymph 

5  ?  adults 

1   d  nymph 

3  d  adults 

nymphs 


7  d  nymphs 
3  d  molting 

33 


Time  in  hours 

required  for 

consuming  food. 

.75  to  12. 


.75  to  34. 
.75  to  17.5 
1.25  to  28. 

37.   and   58. 

5.3  to  48. 

8.25  to  48. 
24.     to  32. 
8.5 
23.5 
96. 

23.5  to  63. 
63.  and  96. 

6. 
24. 

5.5 
24.     to  26. 

5.     to  24. 

9.5  to  24. 


34  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NE\VS  [Feb.,    '27 

Some  interesting-  feeding-  habits  were  observed,  such  as  the 
eschewing-  of  the  skin  of  the  tomato  and  peach  and  of  the 
hilum  of  the  bean.  The  skin  of  the  corn  kernel  was  eaten  last. 
all  of  the  part  within  having  been  gouged  out.  Each  of  two 
individuals  was  given  a  whole  lima  bean  pod.  Both  crawled  up 
to  the  top  of  the  pod  and  began  eating  at  the  stem  end,  work- 
ing back.  No  attempt  was  made  to  secure  the  beans  until 
they  were  reached  in  the  course  of  feeding.  It  required  eight 
days  to  consume  the  entire  pod.  This  behavior  is  contrary 
to  that  reported  of  crickets  in  alfalfa  fields  (Severin  1920). 
We  read :  "When  the  pest  has  opened  up  the  seed  pod,  it  pulls 
out  the  developing  seed  and  devours  it." 

A  small  nymph  caught  in  a  basket  of  corn  was  confined  with 
a  corn  ear  worm.  Both  continued  to  be  lively  for  six  days 
when  the  caterpillar  went  into  a  chrysalis  and  the  cricket 
molted.  Two  days  later,  the  nymph  had  eaten  one-half  of  the 
pupa.  Several  writers  (Bintner  1891,  Chittenden  1896,  Grid- 
die  1925)  have  recorded  the  cannibalistic  tendency  of  Gryllits 
and  its  liking  for  animal  matter ;  Cricldle  reared  his  first  nymphs 
on  tabanid  flies  alone.  My  observations  bear  this  out  very  de- 
cidedly. Nine  adults  were  given  three  fresh  killed  house  flies 
apiece.  These  were  devoured  in  an  average  time  of  eighteen 
minutes. 

Two  of  the  confined  specimens  for  some  unknown  reason 
chewed  off  and  ate  their  own  hind  legs,  first  one  and  then  the 
other.  To  my  knowledge,  they  had  not  been  injured  nor  were 
they  hungry.  Both  continued  to  live  for  ten  days  until  1 
chloroformed  them. 

We  discovered  in  a  closet,  an  all-rubber  bathing  cap  trim- 
med with  blue  and  white  rubber  flowers,  which  had  many  small 
holes  chewed  in  it.  As  the  damage  could  have  been  laid  to  a 
mouse,  I  put  an  unharmed  rubber  flower  in  each  of  the  glasses 
of  three  adult  crickets.  Immediately  they  began  to  bite  into 
the  rubber  and  continued  working  for  three  hours.  Most  of 
the  chewed  bits  were  actually  taken  into  the  body,  although 
there  were  some  fragments  lying  on  the  bottom  of  the  glass. 
I  repeated  this  experiment  with  several  other  specimens  and 
found  that  there  is  no  question  of  the  liking  for  rubber. 


XXXVlii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  35 

Lintner  in  1891  reported  that  crickets  will  "gnaw  holes  into 
I;oots  and  shoes."  We  found  a  new  leather  traveling-  hag-  much 
scarred,  the  black  grain  and  finish  having  been  entirely  chewed 
off.  Though  I  did  not  attempt  a  proof  of  the  cricket's  guilt, 
1  do  not  doubt  that  it  \vas  responsible  for  the  damage  to  the 
leather. 

Some  magazine  pictures  which  had  been  pasted  in  an  upper 
room  on  the  brick  fireplace  chimney  were  much  chewed,  at  the 
corners  especially.  This  observation  suggested  that  Gryllns 
will  eat  paper  and  paste.  I  put  on  one  glass  a  piece  of  Ameri- 
can bond  paper  with  well-dried  paste  in  the  center,  and  in 
another  glass  paper  with  fresh  moist  paste  in  the  center.  The 
paper  was  finally  eaten  on  the  edges  where  no  paste  had  been 
put,  but  apparently  not  used  for  food,  as  many  tiny  bits  of 
paper  lay  scattered  on  the  bottom  of  the  glass. 

Many  references  to  the  economic  status  of  Gryllns  mention 
the  case  first  quoted  by  Lintner  (1893)  of  the  damage  done  by 
crickets  to  a  new  suit,  belonging  to  a  friend  of  Mr.  Win.  B. 
Marshall,  of  the  New  York  State  Museum,  when  he  was  visit- 
ing at  Cape  May. 

From  conversation  with  those  who  frequently  sojourn  in 
the  less  built  up  parts  of  seashore  resorts,  from  state  agricul- 
tural bulletins,  and  references  of  entomologists  (Herrick  1914, 
Felt  1909,  Lutz  1921,  Criddle  1925)  and  from  my  own  experi- 
ence, I  know  that  the  field  cricket  does  cause  damage  to  cloth- 
ing, particularly  to  woolens.  This  habit  has  been  observed  in 
Gryllns  domcsticus  also  (Morse  1922,  Surface  1913,  Lugger 
1896.)  It  was  my  inU-ntion  to  determine  why  the  crickets  turn 
their  attention  away  from  their  normal  vegetable  diet  to  cloth 
matt-rials. 

Lintner  proposed  that  "clothing  long  worn  and  charged 
with  animal  matter  from  person  and  from  extraneous  sources 
might  naturally  be  supposed  to  attract  crickets  that  have  ac- 
quired the  taste  indicated  above."  The  reference  is  to  the 
flesh  of  putrid  birds.  From  the  results  I  obtained  with  house 
flies  offered  as  food,  this  taste  seems  to  me  to  be  well  estab- 
lished and  certainly  not  acquired  since  my  experiments  began. 

As   1   had  always  suspected  that  spots  of  grease  or  food  on 


36 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Feb.,  '27 


clothing  would  attract,  I  placed  in  some  g'lasses  clean  pieces 
of  new,  navy  blue,  woolen  suiting,  and  in  others  pieces  of  the 
same  spotted  with  bacon  grease  or  with  lemonade  or  sweetened 
peach  juice.  After  a  time,  the  cloth  was  chewed  in  holes  of 
no  regular  size  or  shape.  However,  in  almost  every  case,  the 
areas  eaten  were  not  those  which  had  been  spotted.  Most 
pieces  were  damaged  only  on  the  edge  and  but  one  or  two  were 
actually  cut  on  the  spotted  portion. 

I  used  pieces  of  old  suiting  soiled  with  perspiration.  This 
was  attacked  in  the  same  manner.  No  discrimination  on  tin- 
part  of  the  feeders  was  evidenced.  They  did  not  begin  at  once 
to  bite  the  cloth,  but  only  after  a  day  or  more  had  passed  and 
no  other  food  had  been  offered.  The  average  time  required 
before  the  cloth  was  first  damaged  was  forty- four  hours  for  all 
kinds  and  conditions  of  woolen  material.  I  believe  that  this  co- 
incidence means  nothing,  however,  as  the  number  of  cases  used 
was  too  few. 

The  results  given  in  the  following  table  for  woolen  fabrics 
show  that  the  time  elapsing  before  the  first  damage  to  the  ma- 
terial, varies  greatly  with  different  individuals. 

TABLE  II. 


Food 

Suiting    (wool, 
old — spotted 

Broadcloth  (new) 
Suiting    (new) 


Suiting    (wool, 
new — spotted) 


Sex 

and 

Individual 
number  of 
Cricket 

Time  in  hours 
elapsing  before 
first  damage 

Nymph 
or  Adult 

^ 

7 
30 
35 

24. 
120. 
.08 

Nymph 
Nvmph 
Adult 

c? 

11 

71. 

Adult 

$ 

34 

56. 

Adult 

O 

36 

24. 

Adult 

o 

40 

27. 

Adult 

(? 

18 

24. 

Adult 

<? 

19 

71. 

Adult 

c? 

22 

144. 

Adult 

o 

31 

72. 

Adult 

9 

34 

.16 

Adult 

$ 

35 

23. 

Adult 

o 

41 

72 

27. 
27. 

\vmph 
Adult 

o 

46 

.16 

Adult 

XXXVlil,    "27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XE\V>  37 

One  specimen  did  show  great  avidity  for  cloth.  It  was  ;. 
cricket  caught  late  at  night  on  the  bedroom  floor  and  put  in  a 
glass  containing  one  inch-and-one-half  square  of  henna  col- 
lored  broadcloth,  soaked  some  twelve  hours  before  with  sweet- 
<ened  peach  juice.  On  the  following  morning,  the  square  inch 
of  cloth  was  in  unrecognizable  form.  It  had  been  chewed  into 
three  larger  pieces  and  innumerable  smaller  ones. 

Lugger,  in  a  Minnesota  Agricultural  Bulletin,  stated  in 
1896,  that  "house  crickets  cause  damage  by  eating  clothes,  es- 
pecially if  these  are  wet."  This  statement  I  was  unable  to 
prove.  In  fact  the  cloth  tested  frequently  became  wet  when 
the  water  was  given  to  the  cricket  each  day,  but  the  saturated 
condition  did  not  seem  to  hasten  the  damage. 

As  I  expected,  my  experiments  show  a  decided  preference 
on  the  part  of  Gryllus  for  materials  of  wool.  In  a  drawer  of  the 
kitchen  cabinet  where  towels  were  kept,  I  found  a  clean  but 
old  cotton  net  curtain  folded  many  times  and  riddled  with 
holes,  made  through  several  thicknesses  of  material.  I  put 
a  whole  piece  of  curtain,  three  times  folded,  in  with  one  of  the 
specimens.  It  was  quickly  chewed  in  several  good-sized  holes. 
All  other  pieces  of  cotton  materials  were  untouched.  Pink 
and  white  linen,  tan  and  pink  silk  and  colored  voile  were 
placed  in  the  glasses  of  a  number  of  individuals.  Some  of  these 
were  sampled,  as  could  be  seen  by  a  very  slight  nick  on  one 
edge,  but  no  real  damage  was  done. 

Though  experiments  with  linen  were  unsuccessful,  I  found 
as  I  was  packing  a  green  linen  dress  to  return  home,  that  a 
large  circular  hole  had  been  made  in  it.  This  was  undoubtedly 
the  work  of  a  cricket.  So  many  of  my  daily  results  were  like 
this.  The  subjects  did  not  adhere  to  any  one  method  or  habit 
and  seemed  almost  temperamental. 

Table  III  shows  average  times  required  for  consuming  foods. 
The  averages  cited  for  fabrics  refer  to  the  amount  of  time 
elapsing  before  the  first  damage  was  done.  Unfortunately 
the  number  of  subjects  (crickets)  used  for  various  food  varies 
considerablv. 


38  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Feb.,    '27 

TABLE  III. 

Aver-    Long-  Short-  No.  of  Nymph      Adult    Male  Female 

age        est  est      Sub-      Aver-        Aver-     Aver-     Aver- 

Food  Time      Time  Time    jeots        age  age        age          age 

Tomato    (raw) 6.       12.  1.3  4 

Potato     (raw) 6.       34.  3.  11  4.7     16.4 

Carrot     (raw) 25.9     58.  1.25  5  47.       11.5 

Lima    Bean     (raw)...   20.5     53.  8.5  14     32.7       8.4     16.2     26. 

Lima   Bean    (cooked).   50.1     96.  23.5  9     41.7     79.       51.4     47.6 

Corn    (cooked) 13.8     24.  5.  9     13.8  15.3     12.8 

Corn    (raw) 5.5       6.  5.5  2 

Cloth    (new) 44.       71.  24.  4 

Cloth  (old  spot) 44.  120.  .8  3 

Cloth    (new    spot) 44.  144.  .16  9 

3  flies 3        .66        .10  9  .3 

Undoubtedly  crickets  prefer  raw  and  cooked  vegetable  food 
to  woolen  and  cotton  fabrics.  The  cause  of  attacking  the  lat- 
ter I  do  not  yet  understand.  Whether  they  are  actuated  by 
hunger  or  by  a  desire  to  escape  from  under  a  fold  in  a  garment, 
I  do  not  know  and  very  much  doubt.  "Pure  wantonness"  as  one 
worker  (Chittenden  1896)  has  put  it,  seems  to  be  the  best  ex- 
planation, although  it  does  evade  the  question. 

The  peculiar  attraction  to  rubber  as  a  food  and  their  eager- 
ness in  eating  it  made  me  think  as  I  watched  them,  that  they 
preferred  it  to  the  most  favored  vegetables.  The  explanation 
of  this  fact  is  still  a  question  in  my  mind. 

Forty-two  different  types  of  food  were  offered  to  one  or 
more  of  the  fifty  crickets  used  in  experimentation.  I  cannot 
say  that  crickets  will  refuse  to  try  any  article  on  this  list  from 
vegetables  to  rubber.  Scarcely  will  two  individuals  require  the 
same  amount  of  time  for  eating,  nor  will  they  go  about  the 
task  in  the  same  way.  A  better  demonstration  of  tempera- 
mentalism,  if  they  could  be  guilty  of  such  a  trait,  one  could  not 
find.  With  Lutz  and  Criddle,  I  agree  upon  the  title  "Omniv- 
orous Gryllus." 

LITERATURE  CONSULTED. 

Ackert  &  Wadley— 1921— Tr.  Am.  Micros.  Soc.  40,  97-115. 

Britton— 1924— Conn.  Bull.,  256,  311. 

Chittenden— 1896— U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.  Bull.  No.  IV,  Pp.  55,  53. 

Criddle— 1925— Canadian  Entom.,  Vol.  LVII,  No.  4. 

Felt— 1909— N.  Y.  St.  Mus.  Bull.,  129,  30. 

Fernald— 1921— Applied  Ent.,  88. 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  39 

Herrick — 1914 — Household  Insects,  41. 
Herrick— 1921— Amer.  Micro.  Soc.  Trans.,  40,  1 16. 
Lintner — 1893 — 8th   Report   on    Inj.   and   other    Insects    of 
-State  of  N.  Y.,  in  45th  Rep't.  N.  Y.  St.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 
Lugger— 1896— Bull.  48,  Minn.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  30 
Lugger— 1897— Bull.  55,  Minn.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta. 
Lutz— 1921— Field  Book  of  Insects    P.  74 
Morse— 1922— Psyche,  29,  225. 
Popenoe— 1917— U.  S.  Farmers'  Bull.,  789,  12. 
Quaintance— 1907— Bull.  42,  Fla.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  551-600. 
Riley,  C.  V.— 1888— Insect  Life,  Pp.  87-88. 
Severin— 1919— So.  Dak.  R.,  17. 
Severin— 1920— So.  Dak.  R.,  28. 
Severin— 1922— So.  Dak.  R. 
Smith,  T.  B.— 1892— Ent.  News,  P.  261-3. 
Smith,  J.  B.— 1892— Bull.  90,  N.  J.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta. 
Surface,  H.  A.— 1913— Penn.  Dept  Agr.  Zool.  Ill,  1,  18. 
Webster,  F.  M.— 1882— Amer.  Nat.  XVI,  P.  513. 
Webster,  F.  M.— 1889— Insect  Life  II,  P.  89. 
Wilson— 1923— Virgin  Islands,  Bull.,  4,  33. 


An  Aberrant  Specimen  of  Necrophorus  tomentosus 
(Weber)    (Coleop. :   Silphidae). 

Recent  investigations  have  obliged  me  to  collect  numbers 
of  Necrophorus  beetles  of  various  species.  About  midnight 
of  July  8,  a  specimen  oi  N.  tomentosus  was  taken  on  a  piece 
of  slightly  old  meat  in  a  pile  of  bricks  in  my  own  yard  at 
Elgin,  Illinois,  the  right  elytron  of  which  is  marked  as  follows: 

The  sub-basal  and  sub-apical  spots  are  united  by  a  band  of 
the  same  color.  This  band  is  approximately  2mm.  wide,  and 
covers  the  median  half  of  the  elytron.  It  is  narrower  by  about 
l/2 mm.  at  the  point  where  it  fuses  with  the  sub-apical  spot  than 
it  is  where  it  joins  the  sub-basal.  Thus,  instead  of  the  usual 
black  between  the  spots,  extending  in  an  uninterrupted  band 
from  the  outer  to  the  inner  margin  of  the  elytron,  only  a  black 
spot  approximately  2x2mm.  extends  from  the  outer  margin  to 
the  middle  of  the  elytron. 

Careful  examination  revealed  no  other  abnormalities  in  color- 
ing or  in  external  structure.  Although  I  have  had  much  ex- 
perience with  various  species  of  Necrophorus  for  many  years, 
f  have  never  before  found  an  aberrant  specimen,  nor  noticed 
any  discussion  of  such  in  the  journals.  I  should  be  pleased  to 
hear  from  any  one  who  has  found  such  a  specimen. 

CYRIL  E.  ABBOTT,  Dept.  of  Zool<>^\. 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore.  Mi  I. 


40  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '27 

Note  on  the  Collecting  of  Say's  Mulatto-Bug  (Cyd- 
noides  albipennis  Say)  (Hemiptera,  Cydnidae).* 

By  HARRY  H.  KNIGHT,  Ames,  Iowa. 

While  on  a  collecting'  trip  in  Colorado  during  August,  1925r 
the  writer  along  with  Dr.  C.  J.  Drake,  collected  several  speci- 
mens of  an  interesting  bug  belonging  to  the  family  Cydnidae. 
Because  of  its  remarkable  color  pattern,  which  we  had  not 
seen  elsewhere  in  collections,  we  knew  at  once  that  our  find 
represented  at  least  a  rare  or  little-known  species.  Members 
of  the  family  Cydnidae  are  commonly  called  negro-bugs,  appar- 
ently since  a  majority  of  them  are  deep  black  in  color.  The 
bug  we  collected  has  the  large  scutellum  and  basal  area  of 
pronotum  reddish  brown,  head  and  part  of  pronotum  black, 
with  lateral  margin  of  pronotum  and  the  chitinized  part  of  the 
wing  white,  except  for  a  small  brownish  spot  near  apex  of 
corium.  The  color  combination  of  this  bug  suggests  on  first 
casual  glance  a  Coccinellid  beetle  rather  than  a  Cydnid.  Be- 
cause of  this  illusion  I  have  a  recollection  of  allowing  the  first 
specimen  to  escape,  since  in  my  net  Coccinellids  did  not  take 
precedence  over  Hemiptera. 

The  writer  took  nine  female  specimens  while  Dr.  Drake 
collected  eight  others,  August  4,  1925,  along  the  main  automo- 
bile road  about  three  miles  north  of  Wray,  Colorado.  These 
specimens  were  taken  by  sweeping  sedges  found  growing  along; 
the  course  of  a  small,  spring  fed  stream  which  arises  on  the 
west  side  of  the  road,  passes  under  a  bridge  and  flows  south- 
east. We  were  at  a  point  where  the  first  low  foot  hills  rise 
from  the  great  plains  of  eastern  Colorado. 

After  looking  up  the  literature  I  find  this  insect  was  first 
described  as  Thyreocoris  albipennis  by  Thomas  Say  (Descrip. 
N.  Sps.  Heter.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  2,  1831).  It  was  next  men- 
tioned in  the  year  1876,  when  Uhler  ( Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  G«og. 
Surv.,  I,  p.  271)  quotes  the  original  description  of  albipennis 
Say  and  remarks : 

"Obtained  by  Mr.  Say  in  Nebraska  near  the  Missouri  River. 

*Contrihution  from  the  Department  of  Zoology  and  Entomology, 
Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 


xxxviii,  '27J  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NE\VS  41 

The  specimen  described  by  Mr.  Say  was  a  mutilated  one.  with- 
out a  head.  The  description  is  copied  here  with  a  view  to  call 
the  attention  of  collectors  to  this  remarkable  insect,  and  to 
enlist  those  who  are  favorably  situated  to  endeavor  to  recover 
it  for  the  advancement  of  our  knowledge  in  this  branch  of 
modern  science." 

The  rediscovery  of  the  species  is  recorded  by  Professor  Her- 
bert Osborn  (Ent.  News,  IV,  p.  91,  1893)  in  which  he  states: 

"In  a  collection  of  Colorado  Hemiptera  which  I  have  recently 
had  the  pleasure  of  examining  for  Prof.  C.  P.  Gillette,  of  Fort 
Collins,  Colorado,  I  found  a  specimen  which  agrees  in  every 
particular  with  Say's  description.  I  can  have  no  hesitation  in 
referring  it  to  his  species,  and  considering  it  a  very  well 
marked  and  distinct  species.  Say  described  it  under  the  name 
of  Thyrcocoris  albipennis,  but  it  should  be  referred  to  Cori- 
mclacna." 

The  following  year,  Prof.  Osborn  (Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  I, 
pt.  4,  p.  121,  1894)  again  recorded  the  same  specimen. 

Van  Duzee  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxx,  1904)  changes  the 
name  of  albipennis  Say  to  Corimclacna  Sayi  since  that  name 
is  preoccupied  in  the  genus  Corimclacna  by  C.  albipennis  Esch- 
scholtz  (1822).  He  also  gives  a  redescription  of  the  species 
based  upon  two  specimens  which  were  recognized  in  the  col- 
lection of  the  Colorado  Agricultural  College  at  Fort  Collins, 
having  been  collected  in  the  foot  hills  about  thirty  miles  north- 
west of  Fort  Collins.  Van  Duzee  remarks  that:  "These  indi- 
viduals and  another  sent  by  Prof.  Gillette  to  Prof.  Herbert 
Osborn  and  recorded  by  him  (1893  and  1894),  are,  so  far  as 
I  can  learn  the  only  known  specimens. 

It  remained  for  Zimmer  (  Univ.  Xeb.  Studies,  xi,  1912,  p. 
247)  to  report  the  finding  of  a  large  series  of  specimens  when 
he  states : 

"Very  little  is  known  concerning  the  habits  or  distribution 
of  this  insect  owing  to  its  apparent  rarity.  Say  described  it 
in  1831  from  a  specimen,  lacking  a  head,  collected  in  'Missouri 

.  .  on  the  Missouri  river.'  The  exact  locality  is  indeter- 
minable, but  there  is  a  probability  that  the  place  was  some- 
where within  the  present  limits  of  Xebraska.  Since  that  time, 
two  specimens  have  been  collected  at  Fort  Collins,  Colorado, 
and  the  occurrence  recorded.  Another  individual,  thought  to 
be  of  this  species,  was  recorded  from  the  same  locality  but  was 


42  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '27 

later  found  to  be  the  immature  form  of  rcnonnata  Uhler. 
Aside  from  these  specimens  no  others  have  come  to  light.  For 
some  time  there  has  been  a  specimen  in  the  collection,  taken 
at  Halsey,  Nebraska.  On  August  25,  1911,  when  I  was  col- 
lecting' at  that  locality,  Mr.  A.  G.  Vestal,  who  was  with  me, 
called  my  attention  to  a  bug  which  he  had  picked  up.  I  found 
it  to  be  an  individual  of  the  present  species  and  search  revealed 
the  presence  of  such  an  abundance  of  others  that  I  wTas  able 
to  secure  a  hundred  or  more  in  a  comparatively  short  time.  The 
habitat  of  the  species  here  was  a  sandy  stretch  of  ground,  occu- 
pied by  a  prairie-dog  town  and  covered  with  typical  Nebraska 
sandhill  vegetation,  including  among  the  plants  Euphorbia 
geycri.  This  plant,  growing  flat  on  the  ground  and  spreading 
out  rather  broadly,  sheltered  the  insects,  which  were  found, 
sometimes  a  dozen  or  more  at  a  time,  under  the  prostrate  sterns 
and  leaves.  The  same  plant  grew  higher  up  on  the  hills  and 
in  the  blow-outs,  and  I  found  the  bug  once  in  such  a  location 
on  September  2,  when  I  collected  a  dozen  or  more.  On  Sep- 
tember 15,,  at  Crawford,  Nebraska,  I  collected  another  specimen 
in  a  canyon  of  the  pine  ridge  near  the  canyon's  mouth,  although 
I  did  not  take  it  from  the  Euphorbia,  and  at  Halsey,  again,  on 
the  23d  of  the  same  month  I  found  it  still  abundant,  although 
after  a  heavy  frost." 

We  next  find  mention  of  this  insect  by  Malloch  (111.  Nat. 
Hist.  Surv.  Bull.,  xiii,  p.  209,  1919)  when  he  describes  the  new 
genus  Cydnoidcs,  and  includes  four  species,  of  which  one  is 
sayi  (Van.  D.).  Knowing  of  the  rarity  of  this  species,  Malloch 
states :  "I  take  this  opportunity  to  extend  its  hitherto  known 
range  by  recording  the  collection  of  three  fine  female  specimens 
of  sayi  at  Fort  Brown,  Brownsville,  Texas,  November  29,  and 
December  9,  1910,  by  Mr.  Hart." 

More  recently.  Van  Duzee  (Ent.  News,  xxxiv,  p,  305,  1923) 
gives  a  re-arrangement  of  the  species  of  Thyreocorinae  and 
lists  Cydnoidcs  albipcnnis  (Say)  as  the  correct  name  for  the 
species.  After  looking  up  the  literature  I  find  that  Scut  client 
albipcnnis  Eschscholtz  ( Entomographien,  1822,  p.  159,  also 
Dorpat.  Naturw.  Abhandl.,  I,  1823,  p.  159)  described  from 
Chili,  still  remains  in  the  genus  Corimclacna,  thus  albipcnnis 
Say  is  not  preoccupied  in  the  genus  Cydnoidcs  and  the  name- 
can  be  revived. 

Such  is  the  known  history  of  Say's  mulatto-bug. 


XXXVlii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  43 

Synopsis  of  the  Syrphid  Genus  Copestylum  Macq. 

(Diptera,)* 

By  C.  H.  CURRAN,  Ottawa,  Ontario. 

In  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  volume  21,  pp.  222-25,  1910,  Dr. 
J.  M.  Aldrich  published  a  valuable  review  of  this  genus,  but  did 
not  make  any  attempt  to  interpret  the  Townsend  species  in  rela- 
tion to  those  already  described.  However,  he  had  examined 
the  types  of  the  species  described  by  Townsend,  which  were  in 
the  California  Academy  of  Science  and  determined  that  several 
of  the  species  placed  in  the  genus  Volucclla  by  Townsend 
actually  belonged  to  Copestylum.  While  at  Kansas  .University 
several  years  ago  I  discovered  the  type  of  }rolucclla  inops 
Townsend  and  found  that  it  was  the  same  as  Copestylum  mar- 
ginatum  Say. 

From  Townsend's  descriptions  the  only  conclusions  which 
can  be  drawn  are  that  all  but  one  are  absolutely  synonyms  of 
Copestylum  marginatum  Say,  while  the  remaining  species  is 
undoubtedly  the  same  as  C.  lintbipennis  Williston.  The  descrip- 
tions of  the  five  species  listed  here  as  synonyms  of  margina- 
tum show  very  little  difference  of  importance,  and  much  more 
striking  color  variations  are  obtainable  in  large  series.  The 
species  herein  described  as  new  does  not  agree  with  any  pub- 
lished descriptions,  although  it  has  long  been  confused  with 
marginatum.  It  remains  to  be  seen  whether  C.  simile  Giglio- 
Tos  is  distinct  from  marginatum,  but  until  series  of  this  form 
are  available  it  will  not  be  possible  to  decide  this  question. 

Table  of  Species. 

1  .  Fourth  abdominal  segment  clothed  with  abundant  erect 
pale  pile,  sometimes  with  coarser  black  hairs  inter- 
mixed   2 

Fourth   abdominal   segment   clothed   with    sparse,  coarse, 
somewhat   flattened,   sub-appressed   whitish  hair. 

caudatum  n.  sp. 

2.      Wings  at  most  a  little  darkened;  with  a  blackish  spot  at 

base  of  stigma  and  along  the  anterior  crossvein.  .  .3 

Subapical   half  of   the  wing  brown  in   front  of  the  third 

vein   limbipennis  Will. 

*( 'nnt ril union    from    the    Division    of    Systematic    Entomology,    En- 
tomological   Branch,    Dcpt.    of    Agriculture,    Ottawa. 


44  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '27 

3.  Fourth  abdominal  segment  without  black  hairs;  scutellum 

broadly  pale  haired  on  the  border 4 

Fourth  abdominal  segment  with  longer  coarse  black  hairs 
intermixed  with  the  pale  ones  on  much  of  the  sur- 
face;  venter  wholly  black  (in  ??) .  .  .  .lentum  Will. 

4.  Venter  black,   with  the  narrow  lateral  border  pale;  legs 

black  except  the  bases  of  the  tarsi.  .  .  .simile  G.-T. 

Venter  with  the  second  and  third  segments  yellowish,  the 

second  sometimes  mostly  black.  .  .marginatum  Say. 

Copestylum  limbipennis  Williston. 

Synopsis  N.  Amer.  Syrphidae,  152,  1886. 

Volucella  lucasana  Townsend,   Pr.   Calif.  Acacl.   Sci.,  iv,  615, 

1894.  (Apr.   1895). 

Readily  recognized  by  the  color  of  the  wings.  There  is  a 
specimen  before  me  from  Mission,  Texas,  Dec.  5,  1910.  Town- 
send's  description  agrees  quite  well. 

Copestylum  simile  Giglio-Tos. 
Boll  R.  Univ.  Torino,  vii,  No.  123,  p.  2,  1892. 
Copestylum   parvum   Giglio-Tos,   Boll.   R.   Univ.   Torino,   vii, 
No.  123,  p.  2,  1892. 

Giglio-Tos,  in  his  Dittcri  del  Messico,  expresses  doubt  about 
these  two  forms  representing  different  species.  The  differences 
indicated  in  the  descriptions  appear  to  be  insufficient  to  retain 
them  as  distinct  species. 

Copestylum  marginatum  Say. 

Volucella  marginata   Say,  Journ.   Acad.   Nat.   Sci.,   Phila.,  vi, 

167,  1829.     (Mexico). 
^Copestylum  flavivcntris  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.,  suppl.  i,  125, 

1846.     (Colombia). 
Copestylum  distinctum  Giglio-Tos,  Ditteri  del  Messico,  i,  41, 

1892  (Mexico.) 
Volucella  estebana  Townsend,  Pr.   Calif.  Acad.   Sci.,  iv.  612, 

1894  (1895).     (Lower  Calif.) 
Volucella  sodomis  Townsend,   Pr.  Calif.   Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  616, 

1894  (1895).     (Lower  Calif.) 
Volucella  fax  Townsend,   Trans.   Amer.   Ent.   Soc.,   xxii,  42, 

1895.  (Colo.) 

Volucella  inops  Townsend.     Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxii,  43, 

1895.     (Colo.) 
Volucella  toltec  Townsend,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxii,  45, 

1895.     (Mexico),     (toltcca  Aldrich). 


lii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\YS  45 


The  types  of  the  species  described  by  Townsend  from  Lower 
California  were  examined  by  Dr.  Aldrich  shortly  before  they 
were  destroyed,  but  in  his  discussion  of  them  no  indication  of 
synonymy  was  given.  The  type  of  in  ops  I  have  seen  and  it  is 
quite  evidently  the  same  as  inarginatuin.  In  other  cases  tilt- 
descriptions  leave  little  doubt  as  to  the  synonymy.  C.  distiiictuin 
G.-T.  is  only  a  variety  of  uiar^inatmn,  there  being  many  inter- 
mediate forms, 

Copestylum  lentum  Williston. 

Copestylum    niar^inatum    lentum    YVilliston.    Syn.    X.    Amer. 
Syrphidae,  152,  1886. 

I  consider  this  to  be  quite  distinct  from  niarginatum  as  the 
scutellum  bears  all  black  hairs  while  in  marginatum  the  disc 
bears  short  black  hair  and  the  border  longer  pale  pile.  In  the 
specimen  of  lentum  before  me  the  thorax  is  all  black-haired 
except  laterally  in  front  of  the  suture  and  above  the  anterior 
coxae,  where  shorter,  fine,  crinkly,  pale  pile  is  quite  evident. 
Abdominal  venter  wholly  black,  at  least  in  the  male. 

Copestylum  caudatum  new  species. 

Distinguished  from  the  remaining  species  in  the  genus  by 
the  sparse,  coarse,  somewhat  flattened  hairs  on  the  fourth  ab- 
dominal segment  and  sides  of  the  others.  Length,  7  to  8  mm. 

c?.  —  Face  bleached  yellowish,  a  rather  broad  median  vitta,  a 
very  broad  stripe  separating  the  face  and  cheeks,  the  cheeks 
except  an  anterior  stripe  and  spot  at  the  posterior  corner  of  the 
eyes,  and  the  front,  except  a  large  orbital  spot  on  either  side. 
shining  black  ;  the  black  color  covers  the  whole  of  the  antennal 
tubercle.  Vertical  triangle  and  occiput  black,  the  posterior 
orbits  broadly  grayish  pollinose.  Pile  cinereous,  a  broad  band 
of  black  pile  on  the  eyes  in  front.  Antennae  reddish  brown  tn 
brownish  red.  the  third  segment  narrowed  on  the  apical  fourth  ; 
arista  black,  densely  short  haired  above  and  on  the  lower  edge 
except  basally. 

Thorax  shining  black,  the  lateral  margins  of  the  mesonotum, 
a  pair  of  oval  longitudinal  prescutellar  spots  and  the  scutellum, 
translucent    reddish   yellow.      Pile   wholly   cinerous,    fine. 
large  reddish  spot  on  the  mesopleura  above. 

Legs  black;  apices  of  femora  and  basal  third  to  half  of  the 
tibiae,  yellow  ;  apices  of  the  anterior  four  tibiae,  more  or  k-^ 
broadly,  and  the  first  three  segments  of  all  the  tarsi,  reddi>h 


46  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Feb.,    '27 

Hair  black  except  on  the  anterior  basal  third  of  the  middle 
tibiae. 

Wings  hyaline,  the  veins  mostly  yellowish ;  a  black  spot  at 
the  base  of  the  stigma  and  along  the  anterior  crossvein.  Squa- 
mae and  fringe  white,  the  rim  yellowish  tinged.  Halteres 
whitish  yellow. 

Abdomen  shining  black,  the  second  segment  with  a  pair  of 
moderately  large  lateral  triangles  which  are  slightly  concave  in 
front,  slightly  oblique  behind,  almost  touch  the  base  of  the  seg- 
ment laterally  and  are  broadly  separated  from  the  posterior 
margin,  the  spots  separated  from  each  other  by  more  than  one- 
third  the  width  of  the  segment.  Third  segment  with  a  pair  of 
large,  basal  yellowish  spots  which  are  narrowed  towards  either 
end,  the  ends  rounded,  separated  more  or  less  broadly  from  the 
lateral  margins  and  narrowly  so  from  each  other.  Fourth  seg- 
ment with  obscure  reddish  tinge  towards  either  side  basally. 
Pile  very  short  on  the  disc,  longer,  sparse,  whitish  laterally 
and  on  the  fourth  segment,  more  or  less  flattened  and  rather 
coarse ;  on  the  second  and  third  segments  the  hair  is  black 
behind  the  pale  spots  and  between  them  except  basally,  else- 
where whitish.  Venter  black,  the  incisure  between  the  second 
and  third  sternites  broadly  reddish,  the  sides  of  the  basal  ster- 
nites  very  narrowly  reddish ;  pile  cinereous,  long,  black  on  the 
apices  of  the  terminal  sternites. 

9. — Cheeks  reddish  yellow  with  a  brown  stripe  across  the 
middle ;  the  yellow  of  the  face  extends  broadly  to  above  the 
middle  of  the  front  along  the  orbits  and  is  joined  inwardly  to 
an  oval  spot  on  either  side  below  the  middle ;  vertex,  produced 
triangularly  to  the  neck,  yellow.  Pale  markings  of  the  thorax 
yellowish.  Abdomen  much  more  extensively  pale,  the  black 
markings  mostly  replaced  by  ferruginous,  the  second  segment 
yellow  on  the  basal  two-thirds  or  three- fourths,  the  pale  spots 
on  the  third  segment  occupying  two-thirds  the  length  of  the 
segment,  subrectangular,  the  spots  on  the  fourth  segment  simi- 
lar but  rounded  posteriorly  on  the  inner  border,  the  apex  of  the 
segment  pale  yellow.  Second  and  third  sternites  yellowish,  a 
narrow  median  vitta  and  most  of  the  third  segment  rusty  red- 
dish. 

Holotypc,  3,  Medicine  Hat,  Alberta,  May  8,  1926,  ( F.  S. 
Carr).  No.  2304  in  the  Canadian  National  Collection,  Ottawa. 
Allotype,  ?,  Oak  Creek  Canyon,  Arizona,  (F.  H.  Snow).  Para- 
types:  c?,  same  data  as  holotype ;  2<3,  Jemez  Springs,  New  Mex- 
ico. 

The  allotype  is  evidently  an  unusually  pale  specimen. 


XXXvifi,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  47 

The  Automobile  vi.  Insects. 

By  A.  O.  LARSON,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology 
Dr.  Howard  (1)  says  that  "even-  man  who  studies  insects 
and  who  records  his  results  is  doing  greatly  needed  work  airl 
work  that  sooner  or  later  will  help  to  lead  to  a  close  under- 
standing of  insect  life  which  may  bring  about  its  control  by 
man."  Whether  one  observes  the  insects  and  their  activities, 
or  the  agencies  which  aid  or  hinder  their  ever-increasing  spread 
and  multiplication,  such  observations  can  be  beneficial  only  after 
they  are  made  available  to  others. 

In  this  paper  the  writer  purposes  to  show  that  the  automobile 
not  only  acts  as  a  carrier  of  insects,  thereby  aiding  the  insects 
to  establish  themselves  in  new  sections,  but  also  in  at  least  the 
following  four  ways,  performs  noteworthy  service  in  reducing 
the  number  of  insects  with  which  man  has  to  contend : 

1.  It  aids  in  keeping  down  the  number  of   house  flies  by 
reducing  or  making  inaccessible  the  quantity  of  pabulum 
necessary  for  the  fly  larvse. 

2.  In  some  sections  it  greatly  aids  in  the  control  of  certain 
species  of  mosquitoes,  by  means  of  the  oil  drippings,  in- 
cluding garage  wastes,  which  enter  the  drainage  systems 
and  there  serve  as  efficient  larvacides. 

3.  By  filling  hedge  rows  with  dust  and  debris,  it  destroys  the 
favorite  breeding  places  of  certain  insects  thereby  reduc- 
ing their  numbers. 

4.  It  destroys  immense  numbers  of  insects  by  running  over 
and  crushing  those  on  the  highways  and  by  striking  against 
others  in  flight. 

The  automobile  has  long  been  recognixed  as  an  important 
factor  in  the  distribution  of  insects  from  one  section  to  an- 
other. Titus  (2)  in  1910  recognized  it  as  one  of  the  means 
by  which  the  alfalfa  weevil  \vas  carried  into  uninfested  areas, 
and  it  has  frequently  been  mentioned  as  an  important  factor 
in  the  distribution  of  the  Japanese  beetle,  the  European  corn 
borer,  the  gipsy  and  brown-tail  moths  (1),  the  melon  fly  (3), 
the  Mediterranean  fruit  fly,  the  cotton  boll  weevil,  and  other 
important  insects. 

Ik-cause  of  the  recognized  importance  of  the  automobile  a> 


48 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Feb.,    '27 


an  insect  carrier,  certain  states  have  instituted  automobile  in- 
spection on  the  principal  highways  leading  from  certain  insect- 
infested  areas.  The  importance  of  this  inspection  in  California 
is  emphasized  by  the  variety  of  insects  taken  at  the  northern 
border  stations  during  the  past  season  (1925).  A  list  of  these 
follows : 


Name  of  Insect 

Agonoderus  sp, 
Allograpta  sp  
Amara  sp 

Num- 
ber of 
Speci- 
mens 

1 

1 

10 

1 

3 
2 
1 
1 
3 
11 
6 
1 
1 
2 

4 
5 
26 
1 

7 
1 
7 
1 

1 
1 

3 
1 
3 

Nnm 
her  ol 
Autos 
carry 
ing  Ir 
sects 

1 

1 

8 
1 
3 
2 
1 
1 
3 
7 
5 
1 
1 
2 

4 
4 
18 

1 

1 
1 
3 
1 
1 
1 

3 
1 
3 

„ 

t 

i                                  \ 

Name  of  Insect           S 
r-                                                    i 

Ceratomegilla 
vittigera 

Nutn- 
Num-     her  of 
ier  of     Autos 
ipeci-     carry- 
nens      ing  In- 
sects 

3        2 
2        2 

2        2 

1         1 
1         1 

3        3 

1         1 
1         1 

1         1 
54        3 
1         1 
1         1 
1         1 

10        8 

42       18 
1         1 

5        4 

1         1 
1         1 
1         1 

1         1 

Chalcid    .  .  .  

Anatis  sp.  

Chilocorus 
bivulnerus  

Anelastes  sp 

Ant  lion  larvae  .  .  . 
Anthicid 

Chlorochroa 
congrtia  , 

Anthonomus  sp.   .  . 
Aphodius  sp  

Chrysobothris  sp.    . 
Chrysomelid 
(undetermined)   . 
Chrysomphalus 
aurantii  

Aradus    

Aradus  lugubris 
Ataenius  abditus  .  . 
Attagenus  piceus  .  . 
Bembidium  sp  
Berytid 
(undetermined)   . 
Hlapstinus  sp  
Brachyrhinus  ovatus 

1  ^T"iif*n  1  n 

Chrysopid  larva  .  .  . 
Cicadel.lid 
(undetermined)   . 
Cimex  lectularius  .  . 
Cistela  opaca  

Cleonus  sp  

Clerus  sp  

Bruchus 

quadrimaculatus  . 
Caddice  fly  

Coccinellid 
(undetermined)   . 
Coleoptera 
(undetermined)   . 
Collops  sp  

Calathus  sp  

Calosoma    

Coniontis  sp  

Camponotus  

Coreid 
(undetermined)  . 
Corizus  sp  

Cardiophorus  sp.  .  . 
Carabid 
(undetermined)   . 
Centipede   

Corimelaenid    
Cydnid 
(undetermined)  . 

Cerambycid    .  . 

*This  list   was  kindly  furnished  by  Mr.  A.  C.  Fleury,  Supervising 
quarantine  officer  of  the  California  Department  of  Agriculture. 


xxxviii,  '27] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    XE\\ >, 


49 


Name  of  Insect 


Num- 

ber of 

Speci- 

mens 


1 
1 
3 
? 

4 
1 

43 


Dendroctonus  sp.  .  . 
Dendroctonus  valens 
Dermacentor  sp.   .  . 
Dermestes  vulpinus 
Dermestid  larvae  .  . 

Diachus  sp 

Dorytomus  sp 

Dorytomus 

cuneatulus 1 

Dorytomus 

inaequalis    123 

Drosophilids     2 

Elaterid  larvae    ...        3 

Eleodes  sp 5 

Eleodes  tricostata    .        3 

Ephestia  sp 27 

Epicauta  maculata.        1 
Eusattus  dubius  ...        1 

Formica    1 

Geocoris  sp 1(> 

Gyrinid 3 

Haltica    3 

Harpalus  sp 1 

Heliothis  obsoleta 

larvae    3 

Hesperiid    1 

Hemipterous 

nymphs   11 


Hippodamia  sp. 
Hippodamia 

crotchii    

Hippodamia 

convergens   .  .  . 
Hippodamia 

5-signata 

Hippodamia 

parenthesis   .  .  . 

1  lister  sp 

Hoplia  callipyge 
Hydnocera  sp.  .  . 
Hymenorus  sp.   . 
I  Ivpi-ra  postica  .  , 


1 


Num- 
ber of 
Autos 
carry- 
ing; In- 
sects 

1 
1 

3 

2 

4 
1 

13 

1 

38 

1 

3 

5 

3 

1 

1 

1 

1 
11 

1 

3 

1 

3 
1 

9 

1 


1  1 

2  2 

'.       5  5 

1  1 

(>  6 

,324(>  52(» 


Num- 
ber of 

Name  of  Insect  Speci- 

mens 

Hvpera  punctata  .  .  1 
Jassid 

(undetermined)  .  2 
Lepidopterous 

larvae    70 

Lepidosaphes  beckii  1 

Luperodes   varipes.  1 


Lygus  sp 

Lygaeus  kalmii    ...  1 

Lygaeus  reclivatus.  1 

Lygus  pratensis  ...  19 

Magdalis  sp 1 

Alachilid 

(  undetermined )  .  2 

Malachiid 1 

Membracid 

(  undetermined  )  .  2 

Metachroma  sp.  ...  1 
Aletachroma 

calif ornicum  ....  13 
Metoponium 

faustum    2 

A 1 irid 

(  undetermined)  .  10 
Moths 

(  undetermined  )  .  7 

Monoxia  sp 3 

Xotoxus  sp 4 


Noctuid  larva 
Xotonectid 

(  undetermined ) 
Nyctoporis  sp.  . .  . 
Xysius  ericae  .... 

I  Vntatomid     

Periplaneta  sp.  .  .  . 
Perla 


1 

1 
1 
7 
1 
1 
1 

Phaedon  sp 30 

Phalangiid    3 

Porcellio  sp 1 

Pristoscelis 2 

Pseudoscorpion   ...       1 
I  'ten  istiVhus  sp •> 


Num- 
ber of 
Antos 
carry- 
ing In- 
sects 

1 

2 

53 
1 
1 

1 
1 

9 
1 

2 
1 

2 
1 

1 
1 
6 

5 
3 
3 
1 

1 
1 
4 
1 
1 
1 

4 
3 
1 
2 

} 
3 


50 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[Feb.,  T27 


Name  of  Insect 

Reduviid 

(undetermined) 

Saprinus  sp 

Saprinus  lugens  .  . 
Sawfly  larva 

Scarabaeid    

Scatophaga  sp.  .  .  . 

Scorpion 

Serica  sp 

Sitones  sp 

Sitones  hispidulus 

Silpha  sp 

Snout  beetle 

( undetermined ) 
Sphenophorus 

vomerinus 


Num- 

Num- 
ber of 

Num- 

Num- 
ber of 

ber  of 

Autos 

ber  of 

Autos 

Speci- 

carry- 

Name of  Insect 

Speci- 

carry- 

mens 

ing  In- 

mens 

ing  In- 

sects 

sects 

Solpugid  

4 

4 

3 

3 

Spondylis 

1 

1 

eupiformis    

1 

1 

3 

3 

Springtail  

1 

1 

1 

1 

Staphylinid     

2 

2 

2 

2 

Stenochidus 

2 

1 

carbonarius     .... 

1 

1 

5 

3 

5 
2 

Tenebrioides 

4 

2 

mauritanicus    .  .  . 

3 

3 

6 

5 

Tenebrionid 

4 

4 

(undetermined  )  . 

8 

7 

Trichodes  sp  

2 

2 

e 

4 

Trirhabda  sp    

2 

^^ 

2 

i~j 

O 

T^ 

Tribolmm  confusum 

1 

1 

3 

3 

Triatoma  protractus 

1 

1 

The  above  list  emphasizes  the  danger  of  injurious  insects 
being  transported  into  a  state  where  agriculture  is  of  such 
tremendous  importance,  and  where  the  establishment  of  pests 
would  be  so  disastrous.  The  magnitude  of  the  task  of  keeping 
out  one  of  these,  the  alfalfa  weevil,  Hypcra  postica,  is  shown 
by  A.  C.  Fleury  in  a  letter  dated  December  15,  1925,  in  which 
he  says : 

"During  the  first  eleven  months  of  the  year  1925  there  have 
been  inspected  118,286  automobiles.  At  the  northern  stations, 
all  automobiles  entering  California  are  stopped  and  those  car- 
rying camping  equipment  are  required  to  unload  for  inspec- 
tion. All  tents,  blankets  and  other  equipment  are  thoroughly 
examined  and  shaken  out  on  a  canvas-'covered  platform  and 
all  insects  removed  are  cyanided  and  sent  to  this  State  office 
for  determination  and  statistical  purposes.  These  stations  are 
maintained  principally  to  intercept  the  alfalfa  weevil,  which 
experience  has  shown  is  readily  carried  in  camping  equipment 
when  it  has  been  used  in  an  area  where  the  insect  occurs.  It 
is  not  necessary  that  the  tourist  spread  his  blankets  or  pitch 
his  tent  in  an  alfalfa  field,  for  if  the  blankets  have  been 
spread  on  the  ground  in  the  vicinity  of  an  alfalfa  weevil  inl'es- 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  51 

tation  during  the  period  in  which  the  adult  weevil  is  active, 
there  are  almost  certain  to  be  alfalfa  weevils  present  when  the 
automobile  reaches  our  border  station.  I  have  found  that  one 
of  the  easiest  ways  to  gather  adult  alfalfa  weevils  is  to  spread 
a  coat  or  blanket  on  some  growing-  alfalfa  and  leave  it  there 
for  a  short  period.  Upon  examining  the  under  side  of  the 
article  the  adult  weevils  will  be  readily  found,  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  it  may  be  practically  impossible  to  find  them  upon 
examining  the  alfalfa  itself. 

"There  are  a  number  of  automobile  camp  grounds  in  the 
vicinity  of  Reno,  Nevada,  where  the  weevil  is  quite  prevalent, 
and  while  all  growing  alfalfa  has  been  eradicated  from  these 
camps  it  is  an  absolute  certainty  that  alfalfa  weevil  will  be 
found  in  the  blankets  of  all  tourists  camping  in  these  grounds, 
provided  they  have  not  used  their  blankets  from  the  time  they 
leave  the  camp  until  they  arrive  at  our  border  station." 

"In  shaking  out  the  blankets  at  the  border  stations,  many 
insects  other  than  alfalfa  weevil  are  found  and  these  are  also 
sent  to  this  office.  These  stations  are  kept  open  from  the  early 
part  of  June  until  the  middle  of  October,  the  time  varying 
according  to  weather  conditions.  You  will  note  that  3246 
alfalfa  weevils  were  taken  from  529  automobiles.  While  the 
inspectors  make  a  special  effort  to  gather  up  and  send  in  all 
alfalfa  weevils  shaken  from  the  blankets,  the  work  will  not 
always  permit  of  their  gathering  up  all  the  other  insects,  and 
therefore  the  list  is  not  an  accurate  record  of  all  insects  taken 
from  automobiles  at  these  stations.  It  will,  however,  give  some 
idea  of  the  wide  range  of  insects  carried  in  automobiles,  some 
of  them  injurious  and  some  of  them  beneficial." 

(To  be  continued) 


A  New  "Skipper"  Aberration  (Lepid. :  Hesperiidae), 

By  J.  D.  G UNDER,  Pasadena,  California. 

Urbanus    tessellata    (Scud.),    var.    occidentalis    (Skin.), 
ah.  ?  skinneri  nov.  aberr. 

Figures  Xo.  1  illustrate  the  upper  and  under  sides  of  a  typical 
female  var.  occidentalis  (Skin.)  and  figures  marked  \<>.  II 
show  the  aberration.  These  figures  are  greatly  enlarged. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Feb.,    '27 


Upper  side.  The  primaries  of  this  aberration  are  quite 
melanic  except  for  a  single,  complete,  submarginal  row  of  odd- 
sized  and  elongated  white  spots  near  outer  margin,  which  spots 
tend  to  become  larger  as  they  approach  both  the  inner  angle  and 
the  apex  ;  and  a  few  small  flashes  of  thin  white  marks  at  and 
above  extremity  of  cell.  The  secondaries  are  more  suffused 
with  white  than  in  normal  specimens,  having  a  heavy,  squarish 
row  of  white  spots  slightly  hack  from  the  outer  margin,  instead 
of  the  minute  rows  normally  found  adjacent  to  this  margin  ; 
this  row  fuses  with  the  normally  placed,  but  enlarged,  discal 


Upper 


Under 


11 

area  white  spotting  from  the  cell  extremity  to  the  costal  margin. 
Under  side.  Primaries  melanic  in  accord  with  the  upper 
surface  markings,  and  secondaries  with  a  broad  white  band  all 
thru  discal  area,  except  for  two  black  spots  near  SM  vein ;  base 
conglomerate  with  black  spots ;  and  a  band  or  row  of  confluent 
black  spots  on  outer  margin.  Fringes,  body  and  antenna  as  in 
the  typical  species. 

Aberrant  grade  and  degree:  melanic;  final. 

Data.  Holotype  ?,  Expanse  26  mm.,  (Author's  Coll.),  Los 
Angeles,  Los  Angeles  County,  California,  July  7,  1926. 

Named  in  honor  of  my  friend,  the  late  Dr.  Henry  Skinner  of 
Philadelphia,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  many  kindnesses. 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  53 

The  North  American  Nematoproctus 
(Dipt.  :  Dolichopodidae). 

By  M.  C.  VAN  DUZEE,  Buffalo,  New  York. 

Table  of  species,  Males. 

1.  Lower  orbital  cilia  and  beard  yellow rcnusins  Wheeler. 

•  Lower  orbital  cilia  and  beard  snow  white .2 

2.  Middle  tarsi  with  last  two  joints  slightly  flattened  and  wid- 

ened ;  fore  tarsi  plain terminalis  Van  Duzee. 

-  Middle  tarsi  plain  ;  fore  tarsi  with  a  fringe  of  long  black 

hair  on  one  edge  of  apical  half  of  first  and  whole  of 
second  joint jucundus  new  species. 

Nematoproctus  jucundus  new  species.  ^:  Length  4.5  mm. 
Face  very  narrow,  the  eyes  almost  touching  on  the  middle  of 
the  face.  Palpi  small,  yellow  with  a  few  black  hairs.  Front 
green,  the  silvery  white  pollen  of  the  face  extending  over  it  so 
as  to  almost  conceal  the  ground  color.  Lateral  and  inferior 
orbital  cilia  short,  snow  white,  as  are  also  the  bristles  on  lower 
part  of  the  head.  First  and  second  antennal  joints  yellow, 
second  a  little  infuscated,  first  without  hair,  third  brown, 
slightly  yellow  at  base,  the  long  basal  arista  brown  with  very 
short  pubescence. 

Dorsum  of  thorax  blue,  polished,  with  green  and  violet  reflec- 
tions, which  form  indistinct  lines  ;  pleune  and  scutellum  more 
green.  First  abdominal  segment  green,  second  and  third  yel- 
low, fourth  black,  apex  of  abdomen  more  greenish  black ;  hairs 
on  the  dorsum  black,  on  the  venter  of  the  first  three  segments 
yellow.  Hypopygium  concealed;  it  has  long  black  filaments 
fringed  with  stiff,  short,  black  hairs,  a  few  at  apex  longer. 

Fore  cox?e  wholly  yellow  with  short  yellow  hair  and  black 
bristles  at  tip ;  middle  and  hind  ones  yellow  with  a  black  streak. 
Femora,  tibiae  and  fore  and  middle  tarsi  yellow ;  extreme  tips 
of  middle  tibia?,  apical  fourth  of  hind  tibia?,  last  two  joints  of 
middle  tarsi  and  whole  of  posterior  ones,  black;  fore  tarsi  with 
the  last  joints  infuscated,  first  joint  fringed  above  on  apical 
half  with  black  hairs,  which  become  longer  toward  the  tip. 
second  joint  fringed  with  bristle-like  hairs,  the  hairs  being  of 
nearly  equal  length  and  as  long  as  those  at  tip  of  first  joint : 
both  joints  have  a  row  of  little  black  hairs  below,  which  are 
as  long  as  width  of  joint,  fourth  and  fifth  joints  have  this  row 
continued  but  the  hairs  are  more  spine-like  and  bent  at  tips  ; 
last  two  joints  of  middle  tarsi  not  or  scarcely  widened;  join^ 
of  fore  tarsi  as  47-20- 14-9--8;  of  middle  ones  as  56-28-20-9-8; 
those  of  the  posterior  pair  as  42-42-35-11-9.  Calypters  and 
halteres  yellow,  the  former  with  white  cilia. 


54  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Feb.,    '27 

Wings  dark  grayish ;  third  vein  bent  backward,  parallel  with 
fourth  at  tip;  last  section  of  fifth  vein  55-,  cross-vein  30-fiftieths 
of  a  millimeter  long;  sixth  vein  sinuous,  not  reaching  quite  to 
the  wing  margin. 

$ :  Face  of  parallel  width,  quite  wide,  silvery  white,  lower 
part  longer  than  wide,  a  little  shorter  than  upper  portion, 
silveiy  white.  Palpi  half  as  long  as  the  face,  oval,  yellow,  with 
a  few  black  hairs  and  silvery  pollen ;  front  green,  the  pollen  of 
the  face  extending  over  lower  half ;  antennae  as  in  the  male. 

Thorax  green  with  blue  reflections,  sometimes  with  only  a 
median,  blue  line ;  posterior  edge  of  pleurae  yellow.  First  three 
abdominal  segments  and  venter  of  fourth  yellow,  apical  seg- 
ments green  with  wide,  lateral  edges  of  fourth  and  very  nar- 
row edges  of  fifth  yellow;  hairs  of  abdomen  black,  except 
on  venter  of  last  two  segments,  where  there  are  a  few  yellow 
hairs. 

Coxae,  legs  and  feet  colored  as  in  the  male,  except  that  the 
fore  and  middle  tarsi  are  more  blackened  towards  their  tips. 
Joints  of  fore  tarsi  as  39-40-26-15-11;  those  of  middle  ones  as 
uO-29-21-9-8;  those  of  posterior  pair  as  44-39-27-16-10. 

Described  from  one  male  and  six  females  which  I  took  in 
the  bed  of  the  old  canal  at  Amity  Hall,  Benvenue,  Pennsyl- 
vania, June  4,  1925. 

Type  and  allotype  in  the  author's  collection. 


The  Chilean  Society  of  Natural  History 

A  new  scientific  society  was  organized  recently  in  Santiago, 
Chile,  with  the  name  The  Chilean  Society  of  Natural  History 
(  Sociedad  chilena  de  Historia  natural).  The  first  officers  are 
as  follows:  President,  Professor  Carlos  E.  Porter,  Zoologist, 
Entomologist;  Vice-President,  Professor  Francisco  Fuentes  M., 
Chief  of  National  Herbarium  ;  Secretary,  Mr.  Gualterio  Looser, 
Honorary  Aid  in  Anthropological  Section  of  National  Museum  ; 
Assistant  Secretary,  Professor  Gilberto  Montero,  Professor  of 
Natural  Sciences ;  Directors,  Professor  Marcial  R.  Espinosa, 
chief  of  Cryptogamic  Botany,  National  Museum ;  Professor 
Miguel  R.  Machado,  Chief  of  Geological  and  Mineralogical 
Section,  National  Museum ;  Fr.  Flam.  Ruiz  P.,  Professor  of 
Natural  History,  specialist  in  Apidae.  The  address  of  the 
Society  is : — Casilla  2974,  Santiago,  Chile. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,   FEBRUARY,   1927. 

Entomology   at    the    "Convocation    Week"    Meetings* 
December  27,  1926,  to  January  1,  1927. 

The  eighty-third  meeting-  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  and  meetings  of  many  affiliated  socie- 
ties were  held  in  Philadelphia  during  the  week  noted.  Ento- 
mological subjects  were  discussed  in  the  following  numbers  of 
papers  listed  on  programs,  but  not  all  of  these  papers  were 
delivered: 

Entomological  Society  of  America ^S 

American  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists 102 

American  Society  of  Zoologists  alone 13 

Same,  Joint  Genetics  Section 5 

Same,  with  Ecological  Society  of  America 1 

Ecological  Society  of  America  alone 1 

American  Society  of  Parasitologists 4 

American  Phytopathological  Society 1 


Total 167 

This  total  (167)  exceeds  those  of  the  Kansas  City  and  Xew 
Haven  meetings  of  1925-6  (158)  and  Washington  meeting  of 
1924-5  (166),  but  not  that  of  the  Cincinnati  meeting  of  1923-4 
(180).  This  last  total  included  41  brief  papers  composing  the 
symposium  of  that  year  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Ameri- 
ca. If  we  deduct  this  number,  the  number  of  papers  on  the 
programs  of  the  two  entomological  societies  in  1926-7  is  higher 
than  for  any  of  the  meetings  of  the  last  four  years. 

The  subjects  treated  in  these  167  papers  were  as  follows: 

i  Physiology 23 

Teaching  Entomology   ....  1      Behavior 2 

Technique 3     Ecology 13 

Cytology 4     Ontogeny (> 

Anatomy 4    Genetics 

55 


56  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,  '27 

Parasites  of  Insects 6         Products - 3 

Insects   affecting   Alan   and  Do.  Forest  and  Shade  Trees  8 

Animals 7  ii 

Evolution 1     Orthoptera 3 

Taxonomy 4     Isoptera 2 

1  Ubliography 1      Ephemerida 2 

Nomenclature 1     Mallophaga 1 

General  Subjects 2     Anoplura 1 

General  Economic  Entomol-         Thysanoptera 1 

ogy 20     Homoptera 13 

Insecticides  and  Appliances. 23     Heteroptera    4 

Apiculture 10     Coleoptera 28 

Insects   affecting   Cereal,  Hymenoptera  (excl.  Apis).   6 

Forage  and  Field  Crops .  .  13     Apis 12 

Do.  Truck  Crops   1      Lepidoptera    31 

Do.  Greenhouse  Plants   ...   5  Diptera  (excl.  Drosophila)  .  15 

Do.  Fruit 17     Drosophila 3 

Do.  Household  and   Stored          Siphonaptera 1 

Many  of  these  figures  are  duplicated  both  between  sections  i 
and  ii  and  also  within  each  section. 

The  Entomological  Society  of  America  met  Tuesday  and 
Wednesday,  December  28  and  29,  for  its  twenty-ninth  annual 
meeting,  under  President  Dr.  Wm.  A.  Riley,  of  the  University 
of  Minnesota,  and  Second  Vice  President  Dr.  Annette  F.  Braun, 
of  Cincinnati.  The  American  Association  of  Economic  Ento- 
mologists, including  its  sections  on  Plant  Quarantine  and  In- 
spection and  Apiculture,  held  its  thirty-ninth  annual  meeting 
December  28  to  January  1.  President  Arthur  Gibson,  Dominion 
Entomologist,  presided  at  most  of  the  general  sessions. 

The  annual  public  address  of  the  Entomological  Society  was 
given  by  Prof.  G.  H.  F.  Nuttall,  F.R.S.,  Quick  Professor  of 
Biology  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  England,  and  Director 
of  the  Molteno  Institue  for  Research  in  Parasitology  in  the 
same  University.  He  spoke  on  "Insect  Parasites  of  Man,"  de- 
scribing the  characteristics  and  habits  of  various  mosquitoes, 
Hies,  bedbugs,  fleas,  ticks  and  lice  in  relation  to  human  beings. 
This  lecture  was  given  in  the  lecture  hall  of  The  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  on  Tuesday  evening,  December  28,  and  was 
attended  by  over  300  persons.  Following  it  a  smoker  was 
extended  to  all  entomologists  by  those  of  Philadelphia. 


XXXVlil,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  57 

The  banquet  of  the  Economic  Entomologists,  to  which  all 
others  were  also  invited,  was  given  at  the  Hotel  Walton  on 
Thursday  evening,  December  30,  and  was  participated  in  by  an 
equal  number.  The  members  of  the  Japanese  Beetle  Laboratory 
at  Riverton,  New  Jersey,  provided  an  entertaining  and  amusing 
program  in  which  music,  comic  sketches  by  local  talent  and 
remarks  by  Doctors  W.  E.  Britton,  L.  O.  Howard,  Edith  M, 
Patch,  ( ilenn  \V.  Herrick  and  W.  H.  Brittain  were  delightfully 
mingled. 

The  sessions  of  the  two  societies  were  held  in  Logan  Hall  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  were  well  attended,  the 
Economic  Entomologists  being  frequently  present  to  the  number 
of  250  and  more.  In  a  separate  room  were  displayed  exhibits 
of  enlarged  photographs,  physiological  apparatus,  nomenclature 
charts,  microscopic  slides,  life  histories  and  a  living  larva  of  a 
remarkable  Nemopterid,  Crocc,  from  the  pyramids  of  Egypt, 
shown  by  members  of  both  societies. 

Philadelphia  bade  the  Entomologists  welcome  and  we  believe 
that  our  visitors  enjoyed  their  sojourn  among  us, 

Prof.  Cockerell  Plans  a  Trip  Abroad. 
Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  has  been  given  sabbatical  leave  of 
absence  from  the  University  of  Colorado  for  the  academic 
year  1927-28  and  hopes  to  carry  out  the  following  program: 
Leaving  Boulder  in  June,  he  will  go  to  England  and  after 
a  few  days  there  to  Leningrad.  Thence  he  will  go  to  Irkutsk, 
Siberia,  and  examine  the  U~st  Balei  fossil  beds,  perhaps  on  to 
Chita  to  see  the  Trans-Baikal  fish  and  insect  shales  and  in 
any  case  visit  Lake  Baikal  and  see  as  much  as  possible  of  its 
peculiar  fauna.  On  the  return  trip  perhaps  two  weeks  in 
Russian  Turkestan.  Reach  Leningrad  about  September  20- 
<  )ctol.er  1  and  spend  three  weeks  or  a  month  in  European 
Russia,  meeting  the  scientific  men  and  working  on  his  collec- 
tions at  the  Russian  Academy.  Perhaps  visit  Saratov  to  see 
the  sunflower  work.  Back  to  England  about  October  25-No- 
vemher  1  ;  a  month  in  England,  further  work  on  his  collections 
at  the  P>ntish  Museum.  About  December  1  go  to  India  and 
Siam.  about  February  1  to  Australia  and  Xew  Zealand.  Home 
by  way  of  South  Sea  Islands  and  California,  returning  to 
P.oulder  about  September  1.  192S. 


58  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Feb.,    '27 

A  Case  for  the  English  Sparrow  as  an  Insect  Destroyer 

(Lepidoptera). 

Altho  one  usually  considers  the  English  sparrow  as  a  bird 
of  no  value,  more  often  one  of  distinct  harm  because  of  its 
aggressive  disposition  when  in  association  with  many  of  our 
native  birds,  there  is  slowly  accumulating  a  volume  of  data 
which  indicates  that  our  earlier  judgment  concerning  this  bird 
has  been  prejudicial  or  that  we  are  witnessing  a  marked  change 
in  food  habit.  The  following  observations  are  offered  in  behalf 
of  the  English  sparrow. 

During  four  years'  study  of  truck  crop  insects  about  Chil- 
licothe,  Ohio,  from  1922  to  1926,  I  frequently  witnessed  flocks 
of  this  bird  industriously  moving  about  the  extensive  cabbage 
patches  common  in  that  locality.  By  carefully  watching  their 
behavior  I  felt  certain  that  they  were  searching  for  something 
on  the  plants.  They  would  hop  from  plant  to  plant,  often 
along  the  rows  between  the  plants,  and  from  time  to  time  pick 
at  some  object  on  the  leaves.  An  examination  of  the  cabbage 
showed  the  larvae  of  the  cabbage  looper  and  the  imported 
cabbage  worm  to  be  present  in  large  numbers.  Could  it  be 
that  our  despised  sparrow  was  eating  an  equally  despised 
insect?  Further  observation  showed  that  such  was  the  case. 

Remarking  to  various  cabbage  growers  that  the  sparrows 
were  becoming  somewhat  of  a  benefit,  I  was  surprised  to  learn 
that  they  too  had  observed  this  habit  from  time  to  time  during 
several  years.  Thus  it  seems  that,  even  with  an  abundance  of 
grain  and  seeds  for  food,  this  bird  is  slowly  becoming  a  factor 
of  control  in  the  case  of  the  depredations  of  these  two  cater- 
pillars. 

Since  residing  in  Illinois  my  attention  has  been  called  on  two 
occasions  to  the  English  sparrow  again  functioning  in  a  bene- 
ficial role.  A  resident  of  Urbana,  111.,  whose  name  I  was 
unable  to  secure,  related  having  seen  a  sparrow  at  work 
attempting  to  subdue  a  large  Cecropia  caterpillar.  Whether 
the  bird  had  pulled  the  insect  from  a  tree  was  not  certain,  but 
when  observed  the  bird  was  busily  engaged  driving  its  beak  into 
the  luckless  worm  as  it  lay  on  the  ground  and  with  bull-dog 
energy  it  would  then  shake  its  victim.  The  sparrow  was  re- 
ported to  have  been  somewhat  averse  at  first  to  attacking  the 
writhing  larva,  but  as  the  energies  of  the  latter  became 
exhausted  the  sparrow  became  more  confident  and  soon  was 
able  to  carry  off  its  prize. 

Mr.  J.  C.  Frankenfeld  has  also  related  having  observed  a 
similar  episode  between  a  sparrow  and  an  almost  full  grown 
Cercropia  caterpillar. — AUGUST  E.  MILLER,  State  Natural  His- 
tory Survey,  Urbana,  Illinois. 


XXXVlii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  59 

An  Indian  Entomologist  to  Visit  the  United  States. 

On  the  24th  of  December  last,  Prof.  T.  V.  Raimkrislmn 
Ayyar,  B.A.,  F.E.S.,  F.Z.S.,  an  eminent  Indian  Entomologist, 
expected  to  arrive  at  San  Francisco,  by  the  Japanese  boat  S.  S. 
Siberia  Maru.  Mr.  Ayyar  was  the  first  Indian  to  take  up  the 
study  of  Entomology  in  his  country.  He  joined  the  entomo- 
logical department  of  the  Government  of  India  in  1903  and  has 
been  doing  entomological  work  ever  since. 

In  addition  to  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Tropical  Entomology 
in  general,  Mr.  Ayyar  has  specialised  in  Hymenoptera,  Coccidae 
and  Thysanoptera,  and  earned  a  worldwide  reputation. 

Though  Mr.  Ayyar  is  new  to  America  his  publications  are 
quite  familiar  in  entomological  circles.  He  comes  here  with  a 
view  to  see  at  first  hand  the  work  done  by  American  entomolo- 
gists and  get  into  personal  touch  with  them.  He  will  spend  a 
few  months  in  visiting  the  important  Natural  History  Must-urns 
of  the  country  and  return  to  India  via  England,  France,  Ger- 
many and  Italy. 

Personal. 

Dr.  R.  H.  Painter  has  been  appointed  Assistant  Professor  of 
Entomology  at  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College, 


Kntomological   Literature 

COMPILED  BY   E.   T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

1'upers  <>f  systematic  nut  lire  will  he  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  lie^iiininir  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  :ire  preceded  \,y  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A.  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published  in  the  Entomological  News  are  not  listed. 

1 — Trans..  American  Ent.  Soc.,  Philadelphia.  8 — Ent. 
Monthly  Mag..  London.  12 — Jour,  of  Economic  Ent.  14— 
Ent.  ZeitschriU,  Frankfurt  a.  M.  18— Intern.  Ent.  Zeit- 
schnft,  Guben.  23 — Boll..  Laboratories  Zool.  Gen.  e  Agr.. 
Por;ici.  25 — Piull.  Soc.  Ent.  France.  26 — Ent.  An/eiger, 
\Vien.  27— Hull.  Soc.  Ent.  Italiana.  45— Zcit.  f.  Wissen- 
schfl.  Insektenbiol.,  Berlin.  50 — Proc.,  U.  S.  National 


60"  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    "27 

Museum.     55 — Pan-Pacific  Ent.,  San  Francisco.     58 — Ent. 
Berichten,  s'Gravenhage.    69 — Comptes  R.,  Acad.  Sci.  Paris. 
70 — Entomologica    Americana,    Brooklyn.      71 — Novitates 
Zoologicae.      77 — Comptes   R.,   Soc.    Biologic,   Paris.     78— 
Bull.     Biol.     France    ct     Belgique.       101 — Biological     Bui., 
Woods  Hole,  Mass.     103 — Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London.     105- 
Proc.    Biological    Soc.    Washington.      139 — Bull.    Southern 
Cal.    Acad.    Sci.,    Los    Angeles.      146 — Anales,    Mus.    Nac. 
Hist.   Nat,,    Buenos   Aires.      154 — Zool.   Anzeiger,    Leipzig. 

GENERAL.  Aue,  A.  U.  E.  Wie  ich  sammele  uncl 
ziichte. — 14,  xxxx,  p.  417-419.  Buxton,  P.  A.  The  coloniza- 
tion of  the  sea  by  insects :  with  an  account  of  the  habits  of 
Pontomyia,  the  only  known  submarine  insect. — 103,  xlv, 
p,  807-814.  Grabe,  A.  Einiges  zur  frage  des  industrie- 
melanismus. — 18,  xx,  p.  317-319.  Hingston,  R.  W.  G.  Ani- 
mal life  at  high  altitudes. — Smiths.  Rep.  1925,  p.  337-347,  ill. 
Hoffmann,  A.  Entomologen  addessbuch.  2d.  Auflage. 
Wien,  1926,  330  pp.  Howard,  L.  O.  The  needs  of  the 
world  as  to  entomology. — Smith.  Rep.  1925,  p.  355-372. 
Keler,  S.  A  good  type  of  cage  for  rearing  parasites. — 12, 
xix,  866-867,  ill.  Longin  Navas,  S.  J.  Un  nouveau  carac- 
tere  pour  la  systematique  des  insectes. — Assoc.  Avanc.  Sci., 
Sess.  49,  Grenoble,  1925,  p.  416-17.  McAtee,  W.  L.  The 
role  of  vertebrates  in  the  control  of  insect  pests. — Smiths. 
Rep.  1925,  p.  415-437,  ill.  Schulze,  Kuekenthal,  Heider  u. 
Kuhlgatz.  Nomenclator  animalium  generum  et  subgen- 
erum.  Band  1,  Lief.  4,  Einleitung  u.  litteraturverz.  A- 
Hew.— Berlin,  Preuss-Akad.  Wissensch.  W.  T.  C.  Tax- 
onomy in  biology. — Nature,  London,  cxviii,  p.  901-2. 
Wagner,  F.  Nachtrage  und  richtigstellungen  zu  Ad.  Hoff- 
manns entomologen-addressbuch. — 26,  vi,  p.  189-190. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.     de  Baehr,  V.  B. 

Sur  les  bases  cytologiques  de  1'heredite. — La  Cellule,  xxxvi, 
p.  373-444,  ill.  Balfour  van  Burleigh,  C.  P.  G.  C.  't  sluit- 
mechanisme  der  insectenstigmata. — 58,  vii,  p.  109-110. 
Bonnier,  G.  Temperature  and  time  of  development  of  the 
two  sexes  in  Drosophila. — Brit.  Jour.  Exp.  Biology,  London, 
iv,  p.  186-95.  Bouin,  P.  Les  cineses  de  maturation  et  la 
double  spermatogenese  chez  Scolopendra  cingulata. — La 
Cellule,  xxxv,  p.  373-421,  ill.  Cappe  de  Baillon,'  P.  Varia- 
tion et  parthenogenese.  Note  sur  la  biologic  de  quelques 
phasmides.— 78,  Ix,  p.  473-82,  ill.  Cappe'  de  Baillon,  P. 
Contribution  a  1'etudc  des  glandes  segmentaires  chez  les 


iil,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  61 


insectes  (Dermapteres  et  Orthopteres).  —  La  Cellule,  xxxvi, 
p.  255-85,  ill.  Cuscianna,  N.  L'Anatomia  dell'Apis  mellif- 
ica,  di  razza  italiana.  —  23,  xviii,  p.  37-77,  ill.  Demoll,  R. 
Die  atmung  der  luftatmenden  insekten.  —  154,  Lxix,  p.  8-16. 
Foa  e  Romeo.  La  variubilita  nelle  uova  del  baco  da  seta 
studiata  in  rapporto  alia  produzone  del  sesso.  —  23,  xviii, 
p.  130-149.  Gatenby  &  Bhattacharya.  Notes  on  the  cyto- 
plasmic  inclusions  in  the  spermatogenesis  of  the  Indian 
scorpion.  —  La  Cellule,  xxxv,  p.  253-62,  ill.  Jucci,  C.  Su 
1'eredita  de  la  capacita  d'accrescimento  in  incroci  reciproci 
tra  varie  razze  di  bachi  da  seta  (Bombyx  mori).  —  23,  xviii, 
p.  116-129.  Jucci,  C.  La  fecondita  nei  Bombyx  mori  studi 
statistic!  sui  caratteri  della  ovificazione  (numero,  grandezza 
e  peso  delle  nova)  in  varie  razze  di  bachi  da  seta.  —  23, 
xviii,  p.  225-237.  Kleine,  R.  Die  abhangigkeit  der  getreide- 
halmfliege  (Chlorops  taeniopus)  von  der  temperatur.  —  45, 
xxi,  p.  91-98.  Kowalski,  J.  Les  phenomenes  de  cata-  et 
d'anachromase  dans  les  autosomes  et  1'heterochromosome 
des.  .  .  Orthopteres.  —  La  Cellule,  xxxvi,  p.  7-83.  May,  E. 
Die  beiden  haupttypen  der  legeapparate  bei  den  insekten. 
18,  xx,  p.  301-308,  ill.  Morgan,  T.  H.  The  bearing  of 
genetics  on  the  cytological  evidence  for  crossing-over.  —  La 
Cellule,  xxxvi,  p.  111-23.  Portier  et  de  Rorthays.  Sur  la 
composition  chimique  de  1'atmosphere  interne  des  cocons 
de  Bombyx  mori.  —  77,  xcv,  p.  1394-5.  Snodgrass,  R.  E. 
From  an  egg  to  an  insect.  —  Smiths.  Rep.  1925,  p.  373-414. 
Vecchi,  A.  Ulteriori  esperienze  sull'alimentazione  del  baco 
da  seta  con  Madura  aurantaica.  —  27,  Iviii,  p.  122-136. 
Vejdovsky,  F.  Ouelques  remarques  sur  la  structure  et  le 
developpement  des  cellules  adipeuses  et  des  oenocytes  pen- 
dant la  nymphose  de  1'abeille.  —  La  Cellule,  xxxv,  p.  63-103, 
ill.  Walton  &  Wright.  Hydrogen-ion  concentration  and 
the  distribution  of  Limnaea.  .  .  with  a  note  bearing  on 
mosquitoes.  —  Parasitology,  xviii,  p.  363-367.  Whiting,  P. 
W.  Heredity  of  two  variable  characters  in  Habrobracon. 
—Genetics,  xi,  p.  305-16. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.  Pavlovskij,  E. 
Zur  morphologic  des  weiblichen  genitalapparats  und  zur 
embryologie  der  scorpione.  —  Ann.  Mus.  Zool.,  Acad.  U.  R. 
S.  S.,  xxvi,  p.  137-205,  ill. 

(S)  *Oudemans,  A.  C.  Acarologische  aanteekeningen 
Ixxxii.—  58,  vii,  p.  119-126. 


62  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,  '27 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.  Essig, 
E.  G.  Swarming  termites. — 55,  iii,  p.  92.  Millet,  J.  G. 
Un  geste  cle  chasse  du  fourmilion. — La  Nature,  1926,  p. 
415-6,  ill. 

(S)  *Snyder,  T.  E.  Nasutitermes  benjamin!,  a  new  name 
for  Eutermes  insularis. — 105,  xxxix,  p.  143. 

ORTHOPTERA.  (N)  Fulton,  B.  B.  Geographical 
variation  in  the  nigricornis  group  of  Oecanthus. — Iowa  Coll. 
Jou/.  of  Sci.,  i,  p.  43-61,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.     (N)   *Hottes,  F.  C.     Two  n.  gen.  and 
r.  n.  sp.  of  Aphididae. — 105,  xxxix,  p.   115-120,  ill.     *de  la 
'Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.    The  family  Hydrometridae  in  the  west- 
ern hemisphere. — 70,  vii,  128  pp. 

LEPIDOPTERA.  Bethune-Baker,  G.  T.  Hiibner's 
"Tentamen"  (1806).— 8,  Ixii,  p.  287.  Clark,  A.  H.  Carniv- 
orous butterflies.— Smiths.  Rep.  1925,  p.  439-508.  Colton, 
H.  S.  The  unnatural  history  of  the  clothes  moth. — Sci. 
Monthly,  xxiv,  p.  45-57.  Flanders,  S.  E.  Variations  in  the 
seasonal  development  of  the  walnut  codling  moth  and  its 
host  as  influenced  by  temperature. — 55,  iii,  p.  93-94.  Frost, 
S.  W.  Apple  leaf-rollers  of  the  genera  Amorbia,  A'rchips, 
Eulia,  Pandemis  and  Peronea. — 12,  xix,  p.  813-819.  Paillot 
e:  Noel.  Stir  1'origine  des  pigments  dans  les  cellules  hypo- 
dermiques  de  Pieris  brassicae. — 77,  xcv,  p.  1372-4.  Pati- 
jaud.  E.  An  sujet  du  sens  special  attribue  a  nos  Bombyx 
pour  la  recherche  des  femelles. — 25,  1926,  p.  164.  Portier 
et  de  Rorthays.  Recherches  sur  la  charge  supportee  par 
les  ailes  des  lepidopteres  de  diverses  families. — 69,  clxxxiii, 
p.  1126-9.  Rostand,  J.  Influence  de  Tether  sur  les  ceufs  de 
Bombyx  mori — 25,  1926,  p.  170. 

(N)  *Barnes  &  Benjamin.  Generic  synonymy  (Pha- 
laenidre)  ;  New  subspecies  of  Euparthenos  nubilis  (Pha- 
Isenidas,  Catocalinre). — 55,  iii,  p.  64-74;  p.  74.  *Barnes  & 
Benjamin.  Notes  on  diurnal  L.,  with  additions  and  cor- 
rections to  the  recent  "List  of  diurnal  lepidoptera."-— 139, 
xxv,  p.  88-98.  Barnes  &  Benjamin.  The  Hiibner  Tentamen. 
-139,  xxv,  p.  99-104.  Cottle,  J.  E.  Euphydryas  quino.- 
55,  iii,  p.  75-76. 

(S)  Jordan,  K.  On  a  pyralid  parasitic  as  larva  on  spiny 
saturnian  caterpillars  at  Para. — 71,  xxxiii,  p.  367-370.  Jor- 
dan, K.  Some  new  Agaristidae,  with  remarks  on  nomen- 
clature.— 71,  xxxiii,  p.  371-378.  Krueger,  R.  Eine  neue 
Castnia.  (Castnia  minerva) — 18,  xx,  p.  297-298.  ::  Meyrick, 


rxxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  (o 

E.     Exotic  microlepidoptera,  iii,  p.  257-320.     *Michael,  O. 
Ueber  einige   neue  Agriasformen   vom   Amazonasgebiet.— 
14,  xxxx,  p.  420-422.     *Stichel,  H.     Beitrage  zur  kenntnis 
der  Riodinidenfauna  Sudamerikas. — 45,  xxi,  p.  98-110. 

DIPTERA.  Nitzulescu,  V.  Contribution  a  Tetudc  de 
1'appareil  buccal  des  simulidcs.— 77,  xcv,  p.  1336-8.  Vaiadez, 
S.  M.  Pequena  contribucion  para  la  parasitologia  Mexicana 
[Cuterebra]. — Mera.  Soc.  Cien.  "Anton.  Alzate,"  xlv,  p.  1-12, 
ill.  Villeneuve,  J.  Les  mouches  qui  voyag'ent.  Especes 
naissantes  chez  les  Calliphorinae. — Ajss.  Avanc.  Sci.,  Sess. 
49,  Grenoble,  1925,  p.  413-15. 

(N)  *Alexander  C.  P.  Three  undescribed  Eriopterine 
-crane-flies  from  California  (Tipulidre). — 55,  iii,  p.  77-79. 
Cameron,  A,  E.  The  occurrence  of  Cuterebra  (Oestridae) 
in  western  Canada. — Parasitology,  xviii,  p.  430-35.  ill. 
*Cresson,  E.  T.  Descriptions  of  new  genera  and  species 
of  diptera  (Ephydridae  and  Micropezidae). — 1,  Hi.  p.  249- 
274.  *Shannon,  R.  C.  Review  of  the  American  xylotine 
syrphid-flies. — 50,  Ixix,  Art.  9,  52  pp.  The  chrysotoxine 
syrphid-flies. — 50,  Ixix,  Art.  11,  20  pp. 

COLEOPTERA.  Grandi,  G.  Contribute  alia  cono- 
scenza  biologica  di  alcuni  lamellicorni  fillofagi.  .  .  .  23, 
xviii,  p.  159-224,  ill.  Howes,  P.  G.  The  truth  about  Her- 
cules.— Nature  Mag.,  Jan.,  p.  27-29,  ill. 

(N)  *Chapin,  E.  A.  On  some  Coccinellidae  of  the  tril  e 
Telsimini,  with  descr.  of  new  sps. — 105,  xxxix,  p.  129-134. 
*FallJ  H.  C.  Additions  to  the  list  of  Alaskan  coleoptera 
taken  in  the  summer  of  1924.— 55,  iii,  p.  59-63.  Knull,  J.  N. 
The  Buprestidas  of  Pennsylvania. — Ohio  Sta.  Univ.  Studies, 
ii,  71  pp.  ill.  Van  Dyke,  E,  C.  Notes  on  Listronotus 
obliqus ;  and  Dyslobus  (Amnesia)  granicollis. — 55,  iii,  p.  63. 
Winters,  F.  C.  Notes  on  the  Hydrobiini  (Hydrophilid?e)  of 
Boreal  America. — 55,  iii,  p.  49-58. 

(S)  *Benderitter,  E.  Description  d'un  Rutelide  nouveau 
tie  Colombie.— 25,  1926,  p.  160-161.  *Brethes,  J.  Sur  urn- 
collection  de  Coccinellides  (et  un  Phalacride)  du  British 
museum.  Coccinellides  du  British  museum,  (avec  une  nou- 
velle  famille  de  coleopteres). — 146,  xxxiii,  p.  145-175;  195- 
214.  *Pic,  M.  Melanges  exotico-entomologiques,  l-'asc. 
46,  32  pp. 

HYMENOPTERA.  Balduf,  W.  V.  Tclenomus  cosmo- 
])ei>lae,  an  egg  parasite  of  Cosmo]>epla  bimaculata.— 12, 


64  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,    '27 

xix,  p.  829-841.  Prison,  T.  H.  Experiments  in  rearing 
colonies  of  bumblebees  in  artificial  nests. — 101,  lii,  p.  51-67. 
Hachfeld,  G.  Zur  biologic  der  Trachusa  byssina  (Megach). 
—45,  xxi,  p.  63-84.  Koelsch,  A.  Auf  dem  wege  zum  bien- 
enstaat. — Kosmos,  Stuttgart,  xxiii,  p.  424-9,  ill.  Marechal, 
P.  Etude  biologique  de  1'Osmia  aurelenta. — 78,  Ix,  p.  561- 
92,  ill.  Parker,  R.  L.  Collection  and  utilization  of  pollen  by 
the  honeybee. — Cornell  Univ.,  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Mem.  98, 
55  pp.,  ill.  Strand,  E.  Enumeration  des  hymenopteres  qui 
jusq'a  1'annee  1926  ont  etc  decrits  dans  les  travaux. — 14, 
xxxx,  p.  409-412. 

(N)   *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.     An  interesting  new  bee  from 
California. — 55,  iii,  p.  58.     *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.     Some  bees 
in  the  collection  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences.— 
55,   iii,   p.   80-90.     Porter,   B.   A.     American   wasps   of  the 
genus  Sceliphron.- — 50,  Ixx,  Art.  1,  22  pp.,  ill. 

(S)  *Menozzi,  C.  Neue  ameisen  aus  Brasilien. — 154, 
Ixix,  p.  68-72,  ill. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.  A  Naturalist  in  East  Africa.  By 
G.  D.  H.  Carpenter.  Oxford,  1925.  187  pp.,  ill.  This  book 
has  much  of  interest  to  the  general  entomologist,  there 
being  chapters  containing  notes  on  the  habits,  mimetics, 
butterfly  collecting,  insects  at  night,  stridulating  insects, 
flies  and  their  prey,  and  experiments  with  a  monkey  on  the 
relative  edibility  of  insects.  .  .  supporting  the  theory  of 
natural  selection. 


OBITUARY. 

Major  JOHN  CONE^  MOULTON  died  in  London,  June  6,  1926. 
lie  was  born  December  11,  1886,  and  was  educated  at  Eton 
College  and  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  He  was  Curator  of 
the  Sarawak  Museum  from  1909  to  1914,  served  in  the  war,  was 
Director  of  the  Raffles  Museum  and  Library  at  Singapore  1919- 
1923  and  since  1923  Chief  Secretary  to  the  Rajah  of  Sarawak. 
His  entomological  publications  include  papers  on  Malayan 
Cicadidae,  Butterflies  of  Borneo  and  Mimicry  in  Bornean  But- 
terflies. Further  details  concerning  his  life  are  to  be  found  in 
the  Entomologists'  Monthly  Magazine  (London)  for  October, 
1926,  from  which  we  have  made  this  abstract. 


MARCH,  1927 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVIII  No.  3 


JAMBS  H.  B.  BLAND, 
1833-1911 


CONTENTS 

Larson — The  Automobile  vs.  Insects 65 

Johannsen— The  Genus  Stenoxenus  (Chironomidae,  Diptera) 70 

Van  Duzee — Three  New  Species  of  Psilopus  from  North  America,  and 

Notes  on  caudatus  Wied.  (Dipt.:  Dolichopodidae) 

As  Editorial — Horn— The  New  Index  to  Entomological  Literature  .    .  77 

Personals 78 

Aldrich— Chiromyia  oppidana  Scopoli  occurring  in  the  United  States 

(Diptera) 79 

Banks — The  Bowditch  Collection  of  Coleoptera 

Entomological  Literature 80 

Review — Monograph  of  the  Tribe  Hesperiidi,  B.  C.  S.  Warren  ....  87 

Review — How  Insects  Live,  by  Walter  H.  Wellhouse 89 

Review— Heteroptera  of  Eastern  North  America,  by  W.  S.  Blatchley. .  90 

Review— Heteroptera  or  True  Bugs  of  Eastern  North  America  ...  91 

Review— The  Insects  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand,  by  R.  J.  Tillyard  92 

Review — First  Lessons  in  Nature  Study,  by  E.  M.  Patch 93 

Review — Zoologie  im  Grundriss,  by  W.  Stempell 

Doings  of  Societies — The  American  Entomological  Society 95 

Obituary — Dr.  Cyril  Luckes  Withycombe 96 

Obituary— J.  C.  Huguenin 

Obituary— George  Lewis 

Obituary — Rev.  Francis  David  Morice 96 


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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XXXVIII  MARCH,  1927  No.  3 

The  Automobile  vs.  Insects. 

I!y  A.  O.  LARSON,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Kntnmolngy 
(Continued  from  page  51) 

Although  the  automobile  is  so  important  a  factor  in  the 
transportation  of  injurious  insects,  it  must  also  he  recognized 
as  an  effective  agency  in  reducing-  their  numbers. 

As  early  as  1896,  when  motor  cars  were  rare,  Dr.  Howard 
(4)  predicted  that  the  replacing  of  the  horse  by  the  automobile 
would  very  greatly  reduce  the  number  of  house  flies  in  many 
localities.  This  prediction  has  been  fulfilled.  Yiosca  (5)  re- 
viewing the  house  fly  situation  in  New  Orleans,  states  that 
within  the  last  few  years,  there  has  been  a  marked  decline  of 
the  house  fly  pests  in  that  city.  In  discussing  the  causes  of 
this  decline  he  says,  "Xo  doubt  a  very  significant  factor  is  that 
which  caused  the  decrease  of  the  sparrow,  viz. :  the  increase  of 
the  automobile.  Not  only  does  the  consequent  decrease  in  the 
number  of  horses  mean  less  manure,  but  that  which  is  deposited 
on  the  streets  is  soon  rolled  over  and  scattered  by  automobiles 
and  is  thus  quickly  dried  or  otherwise  made  inaccessible  to 
fly  larvae.  The  paving  of  streets  facilitates  this  destruction  by 
traffic  of  the  chief  pabulum  for  the  fly  larvae." 

Discussing  Culc.r  quinqiicfasciatus,  the  chief  night-biting 
mosquito  of  New  Orleans,  Viosca  (6)  says,  "Organic  pollution 
such  as  is  characteristic  of  city  wastes  determines  its  prevalence, 
and  it  is  therefore  the  chief  gutter  breeder  of  the  citv.  Natural 
enemies  do  not  usually  play  any  appreciable  part  in  the  con- 
trol of  this  species,  because  of  the  artificial  character  of  its 
choice  habitat.  *  The  installation  of  surface  drainage 

and  paving  was  not  followed  at  once  by  a  corresponding  reduc- 
tion of  the  species  in  the  paved  sections,  and  there  was  evidence 
of  widespread  breeding  in  the  surface  canals.  This  would 
have  been  a  difficult  problem  to  deal  with  were  it  not  for  the 
advent  of  the  automobile,  the  oil  drippings  from  which,  includ- 

65 


66  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Alar.,  '27 

ing  garage  wastes,  enter  the  drainage  system  and  there  serve 
as  efficient  larvacides.  Our  chief  habitats  today  are 

found  in  open  gutters  on  unpaved  streets,  and  open  drainage 
canals  in  suburban  sections  where  the  oil  wastes  do  not  control 
the  situation." 

Dr.  Howard  has  informed  me  that  at  the  Second  Interna- 
tional Entomological  Congress  at  Oxford  in  1912,  the  Rev. 
F.  Morice  stated  that  motoring-  was  destroying'  many  famous 
old  entomological  localities  in  England  by  filling  the  hedge- 
rows full  of  dust  and  debris.  This  condition  might  be  expected 
to  exist  along  unpaved  country  roads,  where  in  dry  weather 
every  passing  automobile  would  be  followed  by  a  great  cloud 
of  dust. 

During  the  summer  one  can  scarcely  motor  through  an  agri- 
cultural section  without  noting  the  great  numbers  of  insects 
that  are  killed  by  automobiles. 

In  August,  1915,  Mr.  Giffard  (7)  resorted  to  the  automobile 
as  a  means  of  collecting  insects  in  California.  In  this  work  he 
used  the  ordinary  collecting  muslin  net  as  a  trap,  holding  it  at 
the  side  of  the  car  when  the  speed  was  not  more  than  12  to  15 
miles  per  hour.  Speaking  of  his  interesting  collection  obtained 
on  two  trips  in  three  hours  of  traveling,  he  says : 

"Of  the  Colcoptcra  there  are  eight  families,  consisting  of 
16  genera  and  18  species,  totaling  43  specimens.  Of  the 
Hymcnoptera  there  are  five  families,  consisting  of  14  genera, 
and  16  species,  totaling  28  specimens.  Of  the  Hemiptera  there 
are  six  families,  consisting  of  9  genera  and  9  species,  totaling 
18  specimens.  The  numerous  Dipterous  were  undetermined. 
The  grand  total  comprises  three  orders,  19  families,  39  genera, 
and  43  species.  In  all  89  specimens,  excluding'  Dipterons." 

This  record  is  interesting  because  of  the  absence  of  the  butter- 
flies and  dragon-flies  which  must  have  been  very  numerous 
in  Santa  Clara  County  at  that  time.  The  complete  absence 
of  these  insects  is  readily  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  they 
are  able  to  dart  away  from  a  slowly  moving  vehicle.  However, 
two  or  more  insects  per  mile  were  caught.  How  many  escaped 
after  entering  the  net  is  problematical.  There  was  no  special 
attracting  force  in  the  net  either  to  draw  the  insects  into  it 


xxxviii,  '27]  EXTO.MOL<M;ICAL  XE\VS  67 

or  to  hold  them  after  they  were  within,  but  the  front  of  the 
automobile,  having  an  area  several  times  as  great  as  that  of 
the  net,  also  acted  as  an  insect  trap,  the  motor-impelled  air 
current  of  the  cooling  system  serving  as  an  added  force  to 
draw  the  insects  into  it.  There  they  were  killed  or  crippled 
by  the  impact  of  their  bodies  against,  or  by  contact  with  heat 
and  oil  under  the  hood  of  the  machine.  As  the  speed  of  the 
automobile  is  increased,  the  chances  for  insects  to  escape  from 
its  path  are  lessened,  and  the  force  of  the  ingoing  current  of 
air  being  also  increased,  even  the  very  swift  fliers  are  caught. 
The  suction  of  the  air  current  makes  butterflies  appear  to  dart 
against  the  front  of  a  speeding  automobile,  where  they  fre- 
quently remain  attached  until  it  stops.  When  the  fan-driven 
air  current  is  no  longer  sucked  through  the  radiator,  the  butter- 
flies usually  fall  to  the  ground,  but  they  are  often  so  deeply 
embedded  in  the  air  spaces  of  the  radiator  that  they  do  not 
fall.  Where  two  insects  per  mile  are  caught  in  so  small  a 
space  as  an  insect  net  moving  at  12  to  15  miles  per  hour, 
how  many  must  be  killed  by  the  front  of  a  rapidly  speeding 
automobile  ? 

On  September  10,  1925,  while  driving  through  the  San 
Joaquin  Valley,  I  decided  to  record  the  number  of  automobiles 
that  I  met  and  the  number  of  butterflies  contained  thereon. 
Twenty-five  miles  of  wide  smooth  paved  road  between  Merced 
and  Turlock  gave  a  good  opportunity  for  making  such  a  record. 
I  left  Merced  at  4.25  P.  M.  and  arrived  at  Turlock  at  5.20  P.  M., 
making  the  25  miles  in  55  minutes.  Over  this  distance  all 
automobiles  and  trucks  were  recorded.  In  some  instances  it 
was  impossible  to  get  an  exact  count  of  the  butterflies  on  the 
front  of  the  radiator,  but  a  fairly  accurate  count  was  obtained. 
The  faster  the  machines  were  moving  the  more  butterflies  thcv 
caught.  Some  cars  and  practically  all  trucks  carried  no  butter- 
flies. Most  of  the  trucks  and  some  of  the  other  machines 
were  moving  too  slowly  to  catch  butterflies  as  they  passed. 
In  all,  I  recorded  212  automobiles  carrying  490  butterflies. 
This  was  about  two  and  three-tenths  butterflies  for  each  ma- 
chine or  about  twenty  butterflies  to  the  mile  and  nine  each 
minute  of  travel. 


68  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '27 

The  next  day  while  going  from  Waterford  to  Modesto,  over 
a  distance  of  twelve  miles,  my  machine  caught  six  butterflies 
just  before  noon.  At  noon  I  noticed  a  car  standing  at  the 
curb  with  40  butterflies  on  the  front  of  its  radiator.  It  reminded 
me  of  the  appearance  of  most  rapidly  moving  automobiles 
along  any  of  the  roads  of  southern  California  during  the  time 
of  the  remarkable  flight  of  the  painted  lady,  Vanessa  cardui. 
in  1924.  During  that  time  newspapers  reported  that  motorists 
were  sometimes  compelled  to  stop  and  remove  the  butterflies 
from  their  machines  in  order  to  give  their  engines  proper 
ventilation.  Undoubtedly  this  was  true  in  some  instances  with 
air-cooled  machines. 

On  September  17,  while  driving  to  Sacramento,  I  recorded 
the  number  of  butterflies  on  all  automobiles  other  than  trucks 
which  I  met  over  the  first  five  miles  after  leaving  Modesto. 
This  distance,  I  traveled  in  15  minutes,  between  2.15  and  2.30 
P.  M.  I  noted  45  automobiles  carrying  174  butterflies.  This 
was  approximately  four  to  the  machine,  35  to  the  mile,  and 
12  every  minute.  Several  species  were  included  but  the  alfalfa 
butterfly.  Eurymus  eurytheme,  the  cabbage  butterfly,  Pontl-a 
rapac,  and  the  painted  lady.  JTancssa  cardui,  were  present  in 
greatest  numbers.  The  first  named  was  probably  more  numer- 
ous than  all  others  combined. 

These  butterflies  were  not  all  caught  on  the  measured  dis- 
tances in  which  thev  were  recorded,  neither  do  thev  give  an 

j  j       -j 

accurate  check  on  the  numbers  that  were  being  killed  by  the 
machines  because  many,  possibly  several  times  as  many,  of 
the  butterflies  were  crippled  or  killed  and  knocked  to  the  pave- 
ment, where  they  could  be  seen  as  they  were  moved  about  by 
the  breezes.  The  count  represents  only  those  which  were 
firmly  attached  to  the  machines  moving  in  one  direction,  that 
is,  those  that  were  held  in  place  as  a  result  of  the  currents  of 
air  which  rush  inward  through  the  radiators. 

This  insect  mortality  is  not  confined  to  butterflies  alone. 
Moths,  dragon-flies,  beetles,  bumblebees  and  other  bees,  wasps, 
hornets,  species  of  flies  too  numerous  to  mention,  grasshoppers, 
aphids  and  other  flying  insects  are  killed  in  tremendous  num- 
bers, not  only  by  the  radiator  but  also  by  the  windshield,  wind 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  69 

wings  and  other  parts  of  the  automobile.  On  smooth  paved 
roads  the  windshield  often  becomes  smeared  with  the  smashed 
bodies  of  bees  and  soft-bodied  flying  insects. 

Caterpillars,  beetles  and  other  crawling  insects  are  killed 
in  smaller  numbers,  but  in  a  state  having  one  and  one- fourth 
millions  of  automobiles  and  thousands  of  miles  of  paved  roads, 
as  California  has,  the  number  of  crawling  insects  which  are 
killed  must  daily  mount  to  large  figures.  The  number  of  butter- 
flies and  moths  which  arc  killed  each  day  probably  runs  into 
the  millions  over  part  of  the  summer  and  autumn  and  into  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  daily  over  a  much  longer  period  of 
time.  Large  numbers  are  thus  killed  even  during  the  warm 
days  of  winter.  On  December  26th  in  Riverside  County,  I 
saw  as  many  as  three  butterflies  on  the  fronts  of  some  auto- 
mobiles. 

In  this  connection  the  observations  of  H.  R.  Dill,  of  the 
University  of  Iowa,  published  in  Science  (8)  are  of  interest. 
Air.  Dill,  discussing  the  number  of  animals  killed  by  automo- 
biles, called  attention  to  the  dead  insects  that  were  taken  from 
the  back  of  his  automobile  radiator  and  from  the  catch  pan 
below.  Xearly  one  pint  of  insects  was  removed,  in  which  he 
was  able  to  recognize  20  grasshoppers,  17  cabbage  butterflies, 
16  bot  flies,  14  honeybees,  and  parts  of  many  house  flies,  moths, 
and  beetles.  These  insects  \\cre  the  residual  accumulation  of 
about  2,000  miles  of  travel ;  many,  of  course,  had  disintegrated 
or  fallen  along  the  way.  Air.  Dill  thought  one  pint  a  fail- 
estimate  of  the  quantity  of  insects  killed  by  a  car  of  average 
size  in  traveling  2,000  miles,  stating  that  larger  cars  traveling 
at  a  higher  speed  would  kill  many  more.  Allowing  one  pint 
as  the  average  catch  of  one  car,  he  makes  the  interesting 
deduction  that  the  eighteen  million  cars  now  in  use  in  this 
country  would  kill  a  block  of  insects  30  feet  square  and  as 
high  as -the  Woolworth  lluilding  in  Xew  York  City. 

LlTF.R. \TCRE   ClTEI). 

1.  HOWARD,  DR.  L.  6.  1925.  The  Needs  of  the  World 
as  to  Entomology.  Annals  of  Ent.  Soc.  of  America,  Vol.  18, 
No.  1. 


70  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,:.$27 

2.  TITUS,  DR.  E.  G.     1910.    Utah  Bui.  110. 

3.  BACK,  E.  A.  and  PEMBERTON,  C.  E.    1917.    The  M'efon 
Fly  in  Hawaii.    U.  S.  Bui.  No.  491,  1917,  p.  45. 

4.  HOWARD,  DR.  L.  O.     1896.    U.  S.  Ent.  Bui.  No.  4,  New 
Series. 

5.  VIOSCA,  PERCY,  JR.     1924.    The  House  Fly  Situation  in 
New  Orleans.      Monthly   Bui.   Municipal   Health   Department 
Commission  Govt.  City  of  New  Orleans,  Vol.  12,  No.  6. 

6.  VIOSCA,  PERCY,  JR.     1924.     A  Bionomical  Study  of  the 
Mosquitoes  of  New  Orleans  and  Southeastern  Louisiana.     Re- 
port of  the  Entomologist,  Parish  of  Orleans  and  City  of  New 
Orleans,  Rpt.  Bd.  Health,  1924,  pp.  35  to  52. 

7.  GIFFARD,  WALTER  M.     1916.     Notes  and  List  of  Insects 
Trapped  in  Alameda  and  Santa  Clara  Counties,  Calif.,  during 
a  short   Auto  Trip   whilst   Speeding   along  the   Main   Roads. 
Proc.  Hawaiian  Ent.  Soc.    Vol.  3,  No.  3,  pp.  227-231. 

8.  DILL,  H.  R.     1926.     Is  the  Automobile  Exterminating 
the  Woodpecker?     Science,   Vol.   LXIII,   No.    1620,  Jan.    15, 
1926.  pp.  69-70. 

The  Genus  Stenoxenus  (Chironomidae,  Diptera). 

By  O.  A.  JOHANNSEN,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 
Thus  far  but  two  species  of  this  peculiar  Ceratopogonine 
genus  have  been  described,  one  from  the  United  States,  the 
other  from  Peru.  A  second  Peruvian  species  is  described  here- 
with. The  following  key  will  serve  to  distinguish  them. 

1.  Yellowish  species;  the  anterior  branch  of  the  radius  ends  in 

the  costa  beyond  7/8  the  wing  length.  Peru..fuhus  n.  sp. 

Blackish  species ;  anterior  branch  of  the  radius  ends  almost 

opposite  the  middle  of  the  anterior  branch  of  M 2 

2.  Basal  antennal  segment,  black,  very  large,  broader  than  long. 

N.  J johnsoni  Coq.  (Ent.  News  10:  60,  1899). 

Basal  antennal  segment  yellow,  of  moderate  size,  as  broad 
as  long.     Peru. 
dimorphus  Kieffer  (Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.  7:  46,  1909). 

Stenoxenus  fulvus  n.  sp.  $.  Head  rusty  yellow,  s.hining; 
front  nearly  one-third  as  wide  as  the  head,  not  excavated ;  face 
broader  than  the  front,  prominent,  produced  downward,  taper- 
ing, dark  amber-colored,  with  few  erect  hairs;  the  proboscis 
small ;  palpi  yellow,  short,  apparently  three-segmented,  first 
about  as  long-  as  broad,  last  one  somewhat  smaller  and  shorter 
than  the  second.  Antennae  somewhat  shrivelled  in  drying. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

of  the  usual  Ceratopogonine  type,  first  segment  of  moderate 
size,  yellow,  subglobular,  the  second  one  cylindrical,  yellow,  the 
intermediate  segments  somewhat  darker,  the  apical  ones  paler 
yellow,  hairs  sparse.  Kyes  hare,  moderately  einarginate  at  the 
base  of  the  antennae. 

Thorax  including  scutellum,  yellow,  shining,  not.  produced 
over  the  head,  not  bristly  but  sparsely  pilose  with  short  yellow, 
more  or  less  depressed  hairs. 

Abdomen  shrivelled  in  drying,  elongate,  brown,  shining, 
venter  more  yellowish,  sparsely  pale  haired. 

Legs  slender,  yellow,  sparsely  short-haired.  The  segments 
of  the  fore  legs  have  the  proportions  45  :  45  :  25  :  11  :  3  :  3  : 
5  :  the  middle  legs  are  slightly  longer  but  with  about  the  same 
proportions ;  the  segments  of  the  hind  legs  are  as  73  :  80  :  48  : 
22  :  3  :  3  :  5.  The  fourth  tarsal  segment  of  all  the  legs  is 
pilose  below,  spoon-shaped,  with  the  articulation  of  the  fifth 
within  the  cavity  ;  claws  with  a  small  tooth  ;  empodium  vestigial  ; 
pulvilli  absent ;  hind  tibia  broadened  apically,  with  a  dark, 
curved  spur ;  first  and  second  tarsal  segments  each  ciliated 
below  with  a  row  of  closely  set,  small,  slightly  curved  setae, 
each  set  on  a  brown  base  that  bears  in  addition  two  small 
divergent  hairs  ( ctenidiobothriae,  Enderlein,  1903). 

Wing  bare.  4  mm.  long,  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  In 
the  pinned  specimen  the  anterior  longitudinal  veins  appear  to 
be  coalescent  as  far  as  the  forking  of  the  media,  as  shown  in 
Coquillett's  and  Kieffer's  figures  (1.  c. ),  but  in  a  balsam  mount 
the  wing  flattens  out  and  then  the  subcosta,  radius  and  media, 
though  close  together  and  parallel,  are  distinct  from  each  other  ; 
the  subcosta  is  evanescent  at  the  tip  ending  free  about  the 
middle  of  the  wing:  anterior  branch  of  R  rises  at  the  middle 
of  the  wing-length  just  proximad  of  the  origin  of  the  r-m 
crossvcin.  runs  very  close  to  the  radial  sector  and  then  curves 
forward  to  join  the  costa  at  about  0.11  the  wing  length  from 
the  apex  measured  parallel  to  the  longitudinal  axis:  from  the 
point  where  the  anterior  branch  curves  forward  the  radial 
sector  gradually  approaches  the  costa,  joining  it  tangentially 
very  distinctly  behind  the  wing  tip;  the  r-m  crossvein  is  short 
and  ol)li(|iie  in  position,  located  but  very  little  beyond  the  mid 
length  of  the  wing.  The  media  is  very  delicate  and  colorless, 
the  anterior  branch  running  about  as  indicated  in  Kieffer's 
figure,  but  less  sinuate  at  the  tip;  the  two  sections  of  the  pos- 
terior branch  are  perpendicular  to  each  other,  the  latter  is 
nearlv  straight,  curving  posteriorly  only  slightlv  at  the  apex; 
the  cubitus  forks  at  about  one-sixth  of  the  wing-length  from 
the  base,  the  anterior  branch  joins  tin-  wing  margin  slightly 


72  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '27 

distad  of  the  crossvein,  the  tips  of  the  two  branches  are  sep- 
arated by  a  distance  equal  to  seven-eighths  of  the  maximum 
width  of  the  wing ;  the  anal  vein  is  somewhat  sinuate,  its  tip 
approaching  and  almost  touching  the  posterior  branch  of  the 
cubitus  a  little  beyond  the  fork ;  anal  angle  strongly  developed. 
Halteres  yellow.  Length  2  mm. 

The  holotypc  in  the  Cornell  University  collection  was  taken 
by  Dr.  J.  C.  Bradley  at  La  Chorerra,  Putumayo  district,  Peru, 
on  August  17,  1920.  __ 

Three  New  Species  of  Psilopus  from  North  America, 
and  Notes  on  caudatus  Wied.  (Dipt.:  Dolichopodidae). 

By  M.  C.  VAN  DUZEE,  Buffalo,  Xew  York. 

Psilopus  parvicauda  new  species. 

d1:  Length  3  mm.,  of  female  4  mm.  Face  blue  with  white 
pollen,  bare.  Front  green.  Palpi  small,  black,  with  white  hair; 
proboscis  yellow.  Antennae  black,  small,  second  joint  with  two 
bristles  below,  which  are  about  as  long  as  the  antenna  ;  arista 
about  as  long  as  the  head  height. 

Thorax  and  abdomen  green  ;  thorax,  scutellum  and  base  of 
abdomen  with  violet  reflections,  bristles  and  hairs  black,  hairs 
on  the  venter  of  abdomen  mostly  black.  Hypopygium  small ; 
its  lamella?  very  small  with  short  black  hair. 

Fore  coxae  and  all  femora  and  tibiae  yellow,  tips  of  posterior 
tibiae  black ;  middle  and  hind  coxae  wholly  black,  anterior  pair 
with  a  few  white  hairs  on  front  surface  and  two  black  bristles 
near  the  tip;  all  femora  with  a  few,  long,  white  hairs  below; 
fore  tibiae  with  three  extremely  small  bristles  on  upper  posterior 
edge ;  middle  and  hind  ones  with  one  bristle  near  basal  third 
of  upper  surface.  Fore  and  middle  tarsi  infuscated  from  tip 
of  first  joint,  hind  tarsi  wholly  black  with  a  bristle  below  at  base 
of  first  joint,  apical  joint  very  slightly  widened;  middle  basi- 
tarsus  with  two  or  three  spines  below  on  apical  half.  Joints 
of  fore  tarsi  as  41-12-9-6-5;  of  middle  ones  as  48-16-13-7-5; 
joints  of  posterior  pair  as  37-16-12-6-6.  Calypters  yellow  with 
a  black  border  and  cilia  ;  halteres  yellow. 

Wings  grayish  ;  last  section  of  fourth  vein  with  its  fork  at 
right  angles,  the  part  from  the  crossvein  to  the  fork  27,  from 
fork  to  wing  margin  25-fiftieths  of  a  millimeter  long;  cross- 
vein  18,  last  section  of  fifth  vein  16-fiftieths  long. 

?:    About  as  in  the  male;  it  has  the  last  joint  of  posterior 


XXXVlii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  73 

tarsi  slightly  widened,  the  bristles  of  the  legs  as  in  the  male,  the 
violet  reflections  extend  onto  the  front  and  to  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen. 

Described  from  three  specimens,  which  I  took  at  \\ainrleet, 
Ontario,  July  20  &  26.  1924.  Type  and  allot  ype  in  the  author's 
collection. 

Psilopus  graenicheri  new  species. 

In  addition  to  the  characters  given  under  eandtitiis  below, 
the  following  points  may  help  identify  the  species.  Length 
4-5  mm.  Third  antennal  joint  small,  nearly  round,  not  long- 
er than  wide,  second  joint  with  two  bristles  which  are  as 
long  as  the  antenna,  the  others  short;  arista  dorsal,  as  long 
as  the  eye  height.  Wing  venation  as  in  caudntns  \Yiedemann 
and  cockerelli  described  below.  Longest  hairs  at  tip  of  hypo- 
pygiuni  83-fiftieths  of  a  millimeter  long.  The  male  has  on  the 
middle  basitarsi,  besides  the  hooked  spines  below,  a  row  of 
hairs  or  slender  bristles  on  upper  anterior  edge,  which  are 
as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  joint  ;  fore  tibia?  with  two  bristles 
on  upper  posterior  edge  and  one  on  lower  posterior  edge,  also 
two  very  small  ones  on  posterior  surface  near  the  base:  joints 
of  fore 'tarsi  as  48-14-12-7-6;  of  middle  ones  as  51-15-10-5-5; 
those  of  posterior  pair  as  42-20-12-7-7.  Both  male  and  female 
have  on  the  posterior  tibiae  a  rather  long  bristle  at  basal  third 
of  upper  anterior  surface  and  one  a  little  smaller  at  apical  third. 

The  female  has  three  bristles  above  on  fore  tibia?,  no  bristles 
long  enough  to  notice  below  ;  middle  tibia-  with  one  large  bristle 
on  upper  anterior  edge  near  basal  third,  one  near  the  middle 
and  a  very  small  one  near  the  base,  below  they  have  one  before 
and  one  after  the  middle;  ioints  of  fore  tarsi  as  5.vl()-12-S-7  : 
of  middle  ones  as  47-26-1 5-X-7  :  joints  of  posterior  pair  as 
52-21-15-9-9. 

Described  from  ten  males  and  sixteen  females,  all  taken  at 
Miami,  Florida,  in  January,  February  and  May,  \()24,  by  S. 
Graenicher,  after  whom  I  take  pleasure  in  naming  the  species. 

Type  and  allotype  in  the  Canadian  National  Collection. 

Psilopus  cockerelli  new  specie>. 

J1:  Length  4  mm.  Face  green  with  blue  rellections  and  long 
white  hair;  front  shining  green.  Antenn:e  black,  second  joint 
with  two  bristles  below,  which  are  as  long  as  the  antenna,  third 


74  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Alar.,    '27 

joint  small,  not  longer  than  wide ;  arista  dorsal,  as  long  as  the 
height  of  the  head. 

Thorax  green  with  blue  reflections,  its  bristles  moderately 
long ;  pleurae  dulled  with  white  pollen.  Abdomen  green,  second 
segment  with  blue  reflections  ;  fourth  segment  with  the  base 
purple  then  with  a  little  brilliant  coppery,  the  apical  part  more 
golden  bronze  ;  fifth  of  nearly  the  same  color.  Hypopygium  as 
in  scobinator  Loew ;  the  height  of  the  apical  end  is  24-fiftieths 
of  a  millimeter,  the  longest  hairs  at  tip  are  16-fiftieths,  its 
appendages  very  small. 

Coxae  black,  anterior  pair  more  blue  with  long  white  hair ; 
femora  blue-green,  their  tips  and  the  trochanters  yellow,  all 
femora  with  a  row  of  white  hairs  below,  which  are  not  as 
long  as  their  width.  Tibia?  yellow,  posterior  pair  black  on 
apical  fifth.  Fore  tarsi  black  from  tip  of  first  joint,  hind  tarsi 
wholly  black  ;  middle  tibia?  with  a  long  erect  spur  at  tip,  a  row 
of  four  bristles  on  lower  anterior  edge  of  basal  half  and  one 
bristle  above  at  basal  third,  also  one  above  near  the  tip ;  middle 
basitarsus  with  a  row  of  hooked  spines  below  and  a  row  of 
nearly  erect  bristles  above,  which  are  as  long  as  the  width  of 
the  joint  and  a  little  bent  at  tip.  Joints  of  fore  tarsi  as  54-15- 
11-5-6;  those  of  middle  ones  as  47-17-14-8-5;  joints  of  pos- 
terior pair  as  46-19-15-7-8,  Calypters  yellow  with  a  black 
edge  and  cilia  ;  halteres  yellow. 

Wings  grayish  hyaline;  cross-vein  26-fiftieths  of  a  millimeter 
long ;  from  the  cross-vein  to  fork  of  fourth  vein  40,  from  fork 
to  wing  margin  27,  last  segment  of  fifth  vein  23-fiftieths  of  a 
millimeter ;  fork  at  nearly  right  angles  to  fourth  vein,  curved 
in  a  nearly  regular  arc  to  its  tip. 

Described  from  one  male,  given  me  by  Prof.  Cockerell  and 
taken  by  him  at  Boulder,  Colorado.  Type  in  the  author's 
collection. 

This  species  looks  very  much  like  scobinator  Loew;  it  differs 
from  that  species  in  having  a  row  of  slender,  erect  bristles  on 
upper  edge  of  middle  basitarsus. 

Psilopus  caudatus  Wiedemann  and  its  allies. 

While  in  Ottawa  in  November,  1925,  Mr.  C.  Howard  Curran 
called  my  attention  to  a  series  of  what  seemed  to  be  caudatus, 
taken  at  Miami,  Florida;  they  differed  in  some  respects  from 
the  ones  taken  in  the  north  and  also  from  Dr.  Becker's  drawing. 


XXXVlii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

which,  as  I  understand,  was  made  from  South  American  speci- 
mens. 

These  three  forms  agree  in  size,  form  and  color:  all  have- 
long1  hairs  at  tip  of  the  abdomen  and  also  have  a  pair  of  some- 
what clubhed,  hypopygial  appendages;  they  also  all  have  tin- 
long  spur  at  tip  of  middle  til>i;e,  the  hooked  bristles  or  spine- 
on  lower  surface  of  middle  basitarsus  and  conspicuous  white 
hair  on  the  face. 

In  all  three  forms  there  are  finger-like  formations  at  the 
tip  of  the  hypopygial  appendages ;  in  the  northern  form  there 
are  two  such  fingers;  in  the  Miami  specimens  there  are  three 


DETAILS   OF   THE    PSILOPUS   CAUDATUS  GROUP. 

Fig.  i,  Hypopygium  of  Ps.  graenicheri  new  species.  Fig;.  2,  Tip  of  the  hypopvgial 
appendage  with  its  three  finger-like  projections,  same  species  as  the  precediug.  Fig.  3, 
Hypopygium  of  Ps.  caudatus  Wiedemann.  Fig.  4,  After  Dr.  Becker's  drawing  of  Ps, 
caudatus  Wied.  ;  this  is  probably  Wiedemann's  South  American  species  smaragdul'U  . 

such  fingers,  this  form  I  am  calling  graenicherij  Dr.  Becker 
in  his  drawing  shows  two  groups  of  three  fingers  to  each 
appendage. 

Wiedemann  described  cuitdahts  from  (leorgia  (  Au>sereuro- 
paische  Zweirlugelige  Insekten,  Vol.  ii,  p.  224,  1920):  thi-  is 
no  doubt  our  northern  form  and  the  same  that  Dr.  Loew  de- 
scribed in  1864  as  candatalits  from  Illinois  and  .Missouri  ;  1  have 
seen  specimens  of  this  form  from  several  of  the  northern  states 
and  Ontario,  also  from  (leorgia,  I '.radeiitown,  Florida,  and  I 'tab 
Lake,  near  Lehi,  I'tah,  all  of  these  agree  in  having  only  two 
fingers  to  each  appendage  (  Figure  3).  If  Dr.  llerker's  draw- 
ing was  made  from  a  South  American  specimen,  as  i  sup] 


76  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '27 

it  may  have  been,  it  probably  is  smaragdulus  Wiedemann,  de- 
scribed from  South  America  on  the  page  following  the  descrip- 
tion of  caudatus ;  it  differs  from  both  of  the  other  forms  in 
having  two  groups  of  three  fingers  to  each  appendage  (Figure 
4)  ;  the  Miami,  Florida,  specimens  in  the  Canadian  National 
collection  have  three  fingers  to  each  appendage  (Figures  1 
and  3). 

Both  North  American  species  (caudatus  and  gracnicheri) 
have  long-  bristles  on  the  venter  of  the  last  two  segments  of  the 
abdomen  in  both  male  and  female ;  white  hair  on  lower  surface 
of  all  femora  ;  fore  coxae  with  white  hair  and  two  black  bristles, 
one  at  apical  third  and  one  near  the  tip  ;  fore  and  middle  femora 
each  with  several  black  bristle-like  hairs  near  the  tip,  those 
on  anterior  pair  on  posterior  surface  and  those  on  middle  ones 
on  anterior  surface  ;  posterior  femora  with  one  preapical  bristle, 
and  posterior  basitarsi  with  a  bristle  at  base  below  in  both  sexes. 
Psilopus  caudatus  Wiedemann. 

The  male  has  one  bristle  on  fore  tibiae  at  basal  fourth  of 
upper  anterior  edge  and  three  on  upper  posterior  edge,  all 
very  small;  middle  tibiae  with  one  large  bristle  near  basal  third 
of  upper  anterior  edge,  one  or  two  smaller  ones  near  apical 
third  of  upper  posterior  edge  and  three  slender  ones  on  lower 
anterior  edge  of  basal  half.  In  the  female  the  fore  tibiae  have 
two  bristles  on  lower  posterior  edge,  one  near  the  middle  and 
one  near  the  base,  also  one  above  near  basal  fourth  ;  middle 
tibiae  with  two  bristles  on  upper  anterior  edge,  a  large  one  at 
basal  third  and  one  at  apical  third,  also  one  near  the  middle  of 
upper  posterior  edge;  below  they  have  one  pair  near  the  middle 
and  sometimes  a  very  small  pair  beyond  these. 

Both  male  and  female  have  one  large  bristle  near  basal  third 
of  upper  posterior  edge,  but  none  near  apical  third  as  found 
in  the  male  of  graenicheri.  Joints  of  fore  tarsi  of  the  male  as 
44-14-1 1-7-6  ;  of  middle  ones  as  48-18-13-8-6;  those  of  posterior 
pair  as  42-19-13-7-7.  the  two  apical  joints  are  scarcely  widened. 
Joints  of  fore  tarsi  of  female  as  37-15-12-6-5;  of  middle  ones 
as  48-19-14-7-6;  those  of  posterior  pair  as  40-19-8-5-6.  The 
longest  hairs  at  tip  of  hypopygium  are  57-fiftieths  of  a  milli- 
meter long. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPHIA,    PA.,   MARCH,    1927. 


The  New  Index  to  Entomological  Literature. 

The  twenty-sixth  number  of  Dr.  \Yalther  Horn's  Et  Mcmi- 
nissc  ct  vaticinari  liccat,  after  briefly  referring  to  the  ever 
increasing  bibliographical  difficulties  of  the  entomologist  and 
the  existing  means  of  coping  with  them,  continues: 

Along  with  the  annual  summaries  there  exists  the  necessity 
for  retrospective  bibliographies  covering  long  periods  of  time. 
It  is  no  accident  that  the  historically  greatest  biographer  of 
the  entomological  world,  Hagen,  has  trodden  this  path  in  his 
Bibliothcca  Entomologica.  For  a  long  while  my  thoughts  have 
been  turned  as  to  whether  it  would  be  possible  to  walk  in  his 
paths  ;  in  the  last  twelve  months  the  plan  has  assumed  a  prac- 
tical form.  For  some  weeks  it  has  been  in  execution.  The 
Entomological  Institute  under  my  direction  had  to  alter  essen- 
tially its  work ;  Entomobibliography  shall  gradually  become 
one  of  its  chief  functions. 

Since  Hagen's  Bibliothcca  has  long  been  out  of  print  and  a 
large  number  of  the  most  widely  scattered  additions  to  it  exist, 
I  have  decided  to  prepare  a  new  edition  of  it,  with  the  aid 
of  Herr  S.  Schenkling.  Even  now  we  can  say  that  we  will 
give  in  it  more  than  1000  additions  and  corrections.  Since 
its  outer  form  will  be  essentially  different  from  that  of  the 
"old"  Hagen,  we  consider  it  sacrilegious  to  retain  the  old  name 
Bibliothcca  Entomologica:  classical  works  should  not  be  plas- 
tered over.  The  new  edition  will  therefore  receive  the  title 
"Index  Litteraturac  Entomologicae,  Band  I,  die  gesamte  bis 
1863  erschienene  entomologische  Literatur  umfassend"  [Index 
to  Entomological  Literature,  Volume  I,  comprising  all  the  en- 
tomological literature  published  up  to  1863].  This  first  volume 
will  appear  in  four  parts  (as  numbers  14.  15,  16  and  17  of 
Supplemented  Entomologica;  probably  at  11  marks),  the  first 
of  which,  it  is  hoped,  will  come  out  about  the  middle  of  next 
year  [i.  e.,  1927].  Supplementary  to  this  there  will  be  es- 
tablished, in  the  Deutsche  Entomologische  Institut,  a  great 
card  catalog,  comprising  all  the  later  literature  up  to  current 
issues,  which  will  be  at  the  international  service  of  every  en- 

77 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '27 

tomologist  for  information.  Whether,  and  in  what  form,  this 
may  be  published  later  remains  in  the  bosom  of  the  future. 
I  hope,  however,  to  live  to  see  published  that  part  of  it  treat- 
ing of  the  literature  from  1864  to  1893  or  1900,  or  even,  if  pos- 
sible, to  1912  (the  date  of  beginning  of  Guy  Marshall's  in- 
dexes). 

It  is  intended  to  give  with  each  volume,  as  a  supplement, 
a  large  number  of  portraits  of  the  entomologists  of  the  cor- 
responding period.  The  price  of  these  supplements  will  vary. 

I  see  very  clearly  that  this  new  task  of  the  institute  under 
my  direction  is  a  very  great  one,  for  which  only  scanty  means 
are  at  hand.  Many  difficulties  can  be  overcome  by  organiza- 
tion and  this  depends  upon  whether  it  may  be  possible  to 
organize  a  small  international  group  of  collaborators  who, 
looking  at  bibliography  from  the  standpoint  of  the  specialist, 
will  each  of  them  supervise  a  particular  subdivision  of  the 
literature.  I  hope  it  will  be  possible  in  this  way  to  raise  bibliog- 
raphy to  a  generally  recognized  independent  branch  of  en- 
tomology. The  fate  of  entomology  of  the  future  rests  in  great 
part  on  its  shoulders.  (Entom.  Mitteilungen,  XV,  No.  3-4, 
pp.  209-211.  Berlin-Dahlem,  July  1,  1926). 


Personals. 

The  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum  have  appointed  Major 
E.  E.  Austen,  deputy  keeper  of  the  department  of  entomology 
at  South  Kensington,  to  the  keepership  of  the  department  on 
the  retirement  of  Dr.  C.  J.  Gahan  from  this  position  on  Janu- 
ary 20.  (Science,  Dec.  31,  1926). 

Dr.  H.  W.  Allen  has  been  assigned  to  the  parasite  work  of 
the  Japanese  Beetle  Laboratory,  Riverton,  New  Jersey. 

Dr.  Alfred  E.  Emerson,  of  the  University  of  Pittsburgh,  will 
make  a  year's  study  in  Europe,  to  work  on  the  phylogeny  of 
termite  castes. 

Dr.  E.  A.  Schwarz  has  retired  from  activity  in  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture,  but  retains  his  title  of 
Honorary  Custodian  of  the  Coleoptera  in  the  National  Mu- 
seum. 

Mr.  M.  McPhail  has  accepted  a  position  as  entomologist 
in  the  lower  valley  substation,  Mercedes,  Texas. 

Mr.  David  Dunavan  is  an  assistant  professor  in  Zoology 
and  Entomology  at  the  South  Carolina  Agricultural  College. 

American  entomologists  will  be  pleased  to  learn  that  Pro- 
fessor Mario  Bezzi,  a  great  authority  on  the  Diptera  of  the 
world,  has  been  promoted  by  being  made  Professor  of  Zoology 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \E\VS  ~' > 

and  Director  of  the  Zoological  Museum  in  the  Royal  Uni- 
versity of  Turin.  Professor  IJezzi  began  his  active  career  as 
a  dipterist  some  forty  years  ago  in  Sondrio,  Italy,  and  ha- 
been  for  a  long  time  connected  with  the  Lyceum  in  Turin. 
He  is  now  justly  advanced  to  one  of  the  prominent  scientific 
positions  in  his  country,  succeeding  Professor  Krmanno  ( iiglio- 
Tos.  who  died  a  few  months  ago. 

Chiromyia  oppidana  Scopoli  occurring  in  the  United  States 

(Dipt.) 

Several  specimens  of  this  European  species  have  been  taken 
on  windows  in  entomological  offices  in  Washington,  D.  C. 
I  have  seen  one  collected  by  Frederick  Knab,  on  May  10, 
1911  ;  one  by  W.  L.  AIcAtee,  on  May  28,  1912;  three  by'j.  R. 
Malloch,  on  June  3,  1922;  and  another  by  the  same  collector 
on  May  19,  1925.  The  specimens  are  in  the  Biological  Sur- 
vey except  the  one  collected  by  Knab  and  one  of  Malloch's 
first  lot,  which  are  in  the  National  Museum.  The  species 
differs  from  those  previously  known  in  this  continent  in  hav- 
ing the  third  antennal  joint  black,  a  striking  mark.  The 
species  was  originally  described  as  Musca  oppidana  by  Scopoli 
in  his  Ent.  Carniolica,  1763,  p.  349.  Becker  has  given  a  good 
description  in  Zeitsch.  f.  Hym.  u.  Dipt..  IV,  1904,  131 ;  he 
erroneously  referred  it  to  the  genus  Pclctophila.  Bezzi  cor- 
rected this  and  gave  full  synonomy  in  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Nat., 
XLIII,  1904,  10;  this  is  quoted  in  the  Palaearctic  Catalogue 
EV,  p.  233.  Malloch  incorporated  Bezzi's  generic  synonomy 
in  a  review  of  the  known  American  species,  in  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 
Wash..  XVI,  1914,  179-181,  but  did  not  include  oppidana. 

J.  M.  ALDRICH. 

The   Bowditch   Collection  of  Coleoptera. 

The  family  of  the  late  Mr.  Fred.  C.  Bowditch  has  presented 
his  great  collection  of  Coleoptera  to  the  Museum  of  Compara- 
tive Zoology.  There  are  two  principal  portions:  (1)  a  gen- 
eral collection  of  Coleoptera  of  the  world  based  on  the  famous 
G.  D.  Smith  collection,  and  (2)  special  collection  of  the  Chry- 
somelidae,  containing  the  Jacoby  collections  (except  part  of 
the  second),  the  Tring  Museum  collection,  and  an  enormous 
amount  of  other  material.  Of  the  Chrysomelidae  there  is  an 
arranged  collection  in  over  250  double  boxes  contained  in  29 
metal  cabinets,  and  an  immense  amount  of  miscellaneous  ma- 
terial, partly  unassorted.  The  Jacoby  collection  contained  over 
2000  types,  and  Mr.  Bowditch  added  several  hundred  more. 

N.  BANKS. 


80  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '27 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED   BY  E.    T.    CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following'  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published    in   the   Entomological    News  are   not   listed. 

1 — Trans.,  American  Ent.  Soc.,  Philadelphia.  4— 
Canadian  Ent.,  Guelph.  6 — Jour.,  New  York  Ent.  Soc., 
New  York.  7 — Ann.,  Ent.  Soc.  America,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
8 — Ent.  Monthly  Mag..  London.  9 — Entomologist,  London. 
10 — Proc.,  Ent.  Soc.,  Washington.  11 — Deutsche  Ent. 
Zeitschrift,  Berlin.  13 — Jour,  of  Ent.  and  Zoology,  Clare- 
mont,  Cal.  17 — Ent.  Rundschau,  Stuttgart.  18 — Intern. 
Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Guben.  19 — Bull.,  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc. 
27 — Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  Italians.  36 — Trans..  Ent.  Soc.  London. 
49 — Ent.  Mitteilungen,  Berlin.  50 — Proc..  U.  S.  National 
Museum.  56 — Konowia,  Wien.  63 — Deutsche  Ent.  Zeit- 
schr.,  "Iris  "  Dresden.  69 — Comptes  R.,  Acad.  Sci.  Paris. 
74 — Acta  Ent.  Mus.,  Pragae.  75 — Ann.  &  Mag.  of  Nat. 
Hist.,  London.  79 — Koleopterolog.  Rundschau,  Wien.  101 
-Biological  Bui.,  Woods  Hole,  Mass.  127 — Archiv  f. 
Entwickl.  der  Organis.,  Berlin.  133 — Jour.  Experimental 
Zool.  137— Archiv  f.  Zoologi,  Stockholm.  153— Bull. 
Museum  Nat.  Hist.  Naturelle,  Paris.  154 — Zool.  Anzeiger,  • 
Leipzig. 

GENERAL.— Angleman,  J.  B.— Obituary  notice.  19, 
xxi,  p.  181.  Anon. — Pour  1'amour  cle  Pentomologie.  Le 
Naturl.  Canadian,  liii,  p.  121-3.  Baudrimont,  A. — Attrac- 
tion que  peut  exercer  sur  les  insectes  la  lumiere  refletee  par 
les  surfaces  liquides.  Act.  Soc.  Linn.  Bordeaux,  Ixxvii, 
p.  113-117.  Baudrimont,  A. — Sur  1'attraction  des  insectes 
par  le  miroitement  de  1'eau  au  bord  de  la  mer.  Act.  Soc. 
Linn.  Bordeaux,  Ixxvii,  p.  1-25-128.  Bell.  E.  L.— Collect- 
ing at  Wilmington,  North  Carolina,  and  Suffolk,  Virginia. 


xxxviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  81 

6,  xxxiv.  p.  351-354.  Cockayne,  E.  A. —  Homoeosis  and 
heteromorphosis  in  insects.  36,  Ixxiv,  p.  203-230,  ill. 
Giglio-Tos,  E. — Xecrologie.  Rev.  Gen.  Sci.  Pur.  et  Appl., 
xxx vii,  p.  689-690.  Heikertinger,  F. — Der  gartentopf  als 
insektenzuchtgerat.  79,  xii.  p.  177-191.  Holmquist,  A.  M.— 
Studies  in  arthropod  hibernation.  7,  xix,  p.  395-428,  ill. 
Horn,  W. — Et  meminisse  et  vaticinari  liceat.  I'eber  den 
auftakt.  49,  xv.  p.  329-330.  Janson,  O.  E. — Obituary.  8, 
Ixiii,  ]).  15-16,  ill.  Kieffer,  J.  J. — Biography  with  portrait. 
Broteria,  Ser.  Zool.,  xxiii,  p.  126-148.  McAtee,  W.  L.— 
No'mina  conservanda  from  the  standpoint  of  the  taxonomist. 
10,  xxviii.  p.  189-190.  Morice,  F.  D. — Obituary.  9,  lix,  p. 
328.  Robertson,  C. — Flowers  and  insects.  XXIV.  Ecology. 
Brooklyn,  viii.  p.  113-132.  Weiss,  H.  B. — James  A.  Turner 
and  his  "Remarks  on  the  Linnaean  orders  of  insects."  4, 
Iviii,  p.  287-289.  Weiss,  H.  B. — Insects  and  homeopathic 
magic.  6.  xxxiv.  p.  342.  Weiss,  H.  B. — The  entomology 
of  Hakluyt's  "Voyages."  The  entomology  of  Pliny  the 
Elder.  6,  xxxiv,  p.  354 ;  355-359.  Williams,"  C.  B.— Further 
records  of  insect  migration.  36,  Ixxiv.  p.  193-202.  Wilson, 
G.  F. — Insect  visitors  to  sap-exudations  of  trees.  36,  Ixxiv, 
p.  243-254.  ill. 

ANATOMY,     PHYSIOLOGY,      MEDICAL,     ETC.— 

Eltringham,  H. — On  the  abdominal  glands  in  Colaenis. 
Dione.  and  Eueides.  On  the  structure  of  an  organ  in  the 
hind-wing  of  Myrmeleon  nostras.  36,  Ixxiv,  p.  263-266.  ill.  ;  p. 
267-268.  ill.  Fink,  D.  E. — A  micro  method  for  estimating 
the  relative  distribution  of  glutathione  in  insects.  Science, 
Ixv,  p.  143-145.  Grabe,  A. — Einiges  zur  (rage  cles  indus- 
trie-melanismus.  18,  xx,  p.  309-315.  Hosselet,  C — Sur  la 
genese  de  myofibrilles  de  structure  radiee  dans  les  myo- 
blastes  des  pattes  de  Culex  annulatus.  69,  clxxxiv,  ]>.  II1'- 
121.  King,  S.  D. — Note  on  the  oogenesis  of  Peripatopsis 
capensis.  Quart.  Jour.  Micro.  Sci..  Ixx,  p.  553-8.  ill.  Komai, 
T. — The  culture  medium  for  drosophila.  Science.  Ixv.  p. 
42-43.  Redfield,  H. — The  material  inheritance  of  a  .-ex- 
limited  lethal  effect  in  Drosophila  melanogaster.  Genetics, 
Brooklyn,  xi,  p.  482-502.  Rudolfs,  W. — Studies  on  chemical 
changes  during  the  life  cycle  of  the  tent  caterpillar  (Mala- 
cosoma  americana).  Nitrogen  and  its  relation  to  moisture 
and  fat.  6,  xxxiv,  p.  319-330,  ill.  Spencer,  W.  P.— A  gyn- 
andromorph  in  Drosophila  funebris.  Am.  Nat.,  Ixi,  p.  89-91. 
Sturtevant,  A.  H. — The  effect  of  the  bar  gene  of  Drosophila 
in  mosaic  eyes.  133,  xlvi,  p.  493-498,  ill. 


82  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '27 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Hirst,  S.— Note 
on  the  development  of  Allothrombium  fuliginosum. 
Jour.  R.  Microsc.  Soc.,  xlvi,  p.  274-276,  ill.  Phisalix  et 
Marcenac. — La  soi-distant  immunite  naturelle  du  Cien 
sloughi  aux  venins  de  scorpion  et  de  vipere,  ainsi  qu'ua 
virus  rahique.  153,  1926,  p.  275-277.  Smith,  F.  R.— Obser- 
vations on  scorpions.  Science,  Ixv,  p.  64. 

(S)  Enderlein,  G.— Psyllidologica  VIII.  49,  xv,  p.  397- 
401.  *Lombardini,  G. — Duo  nova  genera  acarorum.  27, 
Iviii,  p.  158-161,  ill.  *Myers  &  Salt.— (See  under  Hemip- 
tera).  *Roewer,  C.  F. — Fauna  sumatrensis.  Opiliones- 
Laniatores.  49,  xv,  p.  297-302.  *Sellnick,  M. — Alguns  no- 
vos  acaros  (Uropodidae)  Myrmecophilos  e  termitophilos. 
Arch.  Mus.  N,iac.  R.  de  Janeiro,  xxvi,  p.  29-56,  ill. 

THE   SMALLER  ORDERS   OF  INSECTA.— Babaud, 

E. — Sur  le  regime  alimentaire  des  larves  de  Chrysopa  vul- 
garis.     La  Feuil.  Natural,    xlvii,  p.  164-167. 

(N)  Hill,  G.  F. — The  genus  Porotermes  (Isoptera). 
Proc.  R.  Soc.  Victoria,  xxxviii,  p.  143-149.  *Huggins,  J. 
R. — Variations  in  size  of  Calopteryx  maculata  and  a  pro- 
posed new  subspecies  (Odonata;  Agrionidae).  1,  Hi,  p. 
355-364,  i1!.  *MrDunnouprh,  J. — New  Canadian  Ephemer- 
idae  with  notes  IV.  4,  Iviii,  p.  296-303,  ill. 

(S)  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — A  new  mayfly  from  Peru, 
19,  xxi.  p.  189-191.  *Esben-Petersen,  B. — Fauna  sumatren- 
sis. Neuroptera  88.  49,  xv,  p.  404-407,  ill.  *Longinos 
Navas,  R.  P. — Algunos  insectos  del  Museo  de  Paris. 
Broteria,  Ser.  Zool.,  xxiii,  p.  95-115,  ill.  *Samal,  J. — Fauna 
sumatrensis.  Plecoptera.  49,  xv,  p.  302-305,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Griddle,  N.— The  life  history  and 
habits  of  Anabrus  longipes.  4,  Iviii,  p.  261-264.  Hugues, 
A. — Sur  la  repartition  geographiquc  des  orthopteres.  La 
Feuil.  Natural.,  xlvii,  p.  168.  Meissner,  O. — Ein  fall  von 
neotenie  bei  Carausius  morosus.  17,  xliii,  p.  45. 

(N)  *DeLong  &  Cartwright. — The  genus  Chlorotettix. 
A  study  of  the  internal  male  genitalia.  Including  the  de- 
scription of  a  new  species.  7,  xix,  p.  499-511,  ill. 

(S)  *Hebard,  M. — -Studies  in  Dermaptera  and  Or- 
thoptera  of  Colombia.  Fourth  paper.  Orthopterous  family 
Tettigoniidae.  1,  lii,  p.  275-354,  ill. 


XXXVlii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  83 

HEMIPTERA.— M  u  i  r  ,  F.— The  morphology  of  the 
aedeagus  in  Delphacidae  (Momoptera).  36,  Ixxiv,  p.  377- 
381),  ill.  Olsen,  C.  E. — Some  interesting  cicadellid  papers. 
19,  xxi,  p.  185-187.  de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.— Kentucky 
heteroptera  new  to  the  state.  19,  xxi,  p.  190-191. 

(N)  Esaki,  T. — Remarks  on  the  Linnean  species  of 
Xepa  and  Laccotrephes  (Xepidae).  19,  xxi,  p.  177-181. 
Coding,  F.  W. — Classiiication  of  the  Membracidae  of 
America.  6,  xxxiv,  p.  295-317.  *Hottes,  F.  C. — Two  new 
species  of  Aphididae  from  Minnesota.  1'roc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.  Vol.  xxxix,  114  pp.  *Hungerford,  H.  B. — Some  new 
Corixidae  from  the  north.  4,  Iviii,  p.  268-272,  ill.  *Hun- 
gerford,  H.  B. — Some  undescribed  Corixide  from  Alaska. 
/,  xix,  p.  461-463,  ill.  *Hungerford,  H.  B. — Some  new 
records  of  aquatic  hemiptera  from  northern  Michigan  with 
the  description  of  seven  new  Corixidae.  19,  xxi,  p.  194-200. 
ill.  :i:Knight,  H.  H. — Descriptions  of  seven  new  Paracalo- 
coris  with  keys  to  the  Nearctic  species  and  varieties 
(Miridae).  7,  "xix,  p.  367-377. 

(S)  *Myers  &  Salt. — The  phenomenon  of  myrmecoidy, 
with  new  examples  from  Cuba.  36,  Ixxiv,  p.  427-436,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Anon.— Xew  Long  Island  lepidop- 
tera  records  from  a  White  Cedar  swamp.  19,  xxi,  p. 
187.  Babcock,  K.  W. — The  European  corn-borer.  Pyrausta 
nubilalis.  1.  A  discussion  of  its  dormant  period.  Ecology, 
Brooklyn,  viii,  p.  45-59.  Bell,  E.  L. — Atrytanopsis  vierecki 
from  Texas.  6,  xxxiv,  p.  317.  Bell,  E.  L. — Collecting  notes 
for  Long  Island,  Xew  York.  19,  xxi,  p.  202.  Cleare,  L. 
D. — On  the  life  historv  of  Caligo  illioneus  illioneus.  (  Mor- 
phidae).  36,  Ixxiv,  p.  361-366,  ill.  Crumb,  S.  E.— The 
bronzed  cutworm  (Nephelodes  emmedonia  ).  10,  xxviii,  p. 
201-207,  ill.  Eltringham,  H. — On  a  new  organ  in  the  ab- 
domen of  Eryphanis  polyxena.  36,  Ixxiv,  p.  367-369,  ill. 
Forbes,  W,  T.  M. — The-  species  of  lliibner's  tentamen.  10, 
xxviii.  p.  191-201.  Ford,  E.  B. — Zygaenidae  attracted  by 
the  female  of  Lasiocampa  quercus.  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  London. 
I,  p.  20-21.  Kreig. — E.  Titschack  :  Untersuchungen  iiber  den 
temperatureinfluss  auf  die  kleidertnotte  (Tineola  biselliella). 
18,  xx,  p.  333.  Mousley,  H. — Thanaos  juvenalis.  4,  Iviii.. 
p.  293.  Mousley,  H. — Notes  on  the  birds,  orchid-,  ferns 
and  butterflies  of  Mount  Royal.  Montreal ;  Further  notes 
on  the  orchids,  ferns  and  butterflies  of  North  Hatl<-\  <  Hie- 
bec.  Canadian  Field  Nat.  xl,  p.  181-183;  p.  17S-17<>.  Phil- 


84  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '27 

pott,  A.- -The  uncus  in  the  micropterygoidea.  36,  Ixxiv, 
p.  371-376,  ill.  Plunkett,  C.  R. — The  experimental  produc- 
tion of  melanism  in  lepidoptera.  Am.  Nat.,  Ixi,  p.  82-88. 
Rummel,  C. — Notes  on  aberrations  of  New  Jersey  butter- 
flies. 19,  xxi,  p.  203  (cont.)  Townsend,  M.  T.— The  break- 
ing-up  of  hibernation  in  the  codling  moth  larva.  7,  xix, 
p.  429-439. 

(N)  *Barnes  &  Benjamin. — 'Notes  and  new  species, 
(Phalaenidae).  4,  Iviii,  p.  303-310.  Barnes  &  Benjamin.— 
On  the  placement  of  the  names  caduca  and  retis  (Phalaeni- 
dae). 19,  xxi,  p.  182-184.  Bell,  E.  L— Remarks  on  Megi- 
stias  neamathla ;  A  new  locality  for  Thanaos  tristis ;  Addi- 
tional records  of  the  distribution  of  some  North  American 
Hesperiidae.  19,  xxi,  p.  184;  192.  *Blackmore,  E.  H— Two 
new  greyas  from  British  Columbia  (Incurvariidae).  4,  Iviii, 
p.  294-296.  Buckstone,  A.  A.  W. — Pyrameis  cardui  flying 
at  night,  etc.  9,  Ix,  p.  16.  Burger!,  H. — Lepidopterorum 
catalogus.  Pars  33:  Zygaenidae  I  (Generis  Zygaena  pal- 
aearctica  pars).  91  pp.  Forbes,  W.  T.  M. — The  relation- 
ships of  some  aberrant  pyralids.  6,  xxxiv,  p.  331-338,  ill. 
Riley,  N.  D. — On  the  identity  of  certain  Hesperiidae  de- 
scribed by  Latreille.  36,  Ixxiv,  p.  231-241. 

(S)  *Hering,  M. — Zur  Kenntnis  der  siidamerikanischen 
Nymphaliden-gattung  Dione.  63,  xl,  p.  195-204.  *Meyrick 
E. — On  micro-lepidoptera  from  the  Galapagos  Islands  and 
Rapa.  36,  Ixxiv,  p.  269-278.  *Niepelt,  W. — Neue  Morpho- 
formen  von  Columbien.  18,  xx,  p.  329.  *R6ber,  J. — 
Lepidopterologisches.  49,  xv,  p.  372-377. 

DIPTERA. — Bonnamour,  S. — Elevages  et  nouvelles 
liste  dipteres  fongicoles.  Ann.  Soc.  Linn.  Lyon,  Ixxii,  p. 
85-93.  Bromley,  S.  W. — The  external  anatomy  of  the  black 
horse-fly  Tabanus  atratus.  (Tabanidae.)  7,  xix,  p.  440- 
460,  ill.  Hendel,  F. — Bemerkungen  zu  Dr.  Beckers  arbeit 
iiber  die  palaarktischen  Ephydriden  1926.  11,  1926,  p.  353- 
355.  Mueller,  A. — Zur  kenntnis  des  penis  der  Acalypteren. 
56,  v,  p.  240-246.  Smirnov  u.  Zhelochovtsev. — Verander- 
lung  der  merkmale  bei  Calliphora  erythrocephala  unter  dem 
einfluss  verkiirzter  ernahrungsperiode  der  larve.  127,  cviii, 
p.  579-595,  ill.  Zavrel,  J. — Die  mundteile  der  Tanypinen- 
larven.  Bull.  Inertn,  Acad.  Sci.,  Prague,  xxi,  p.  247-263,  ill. 

(N)  *Aldrich,  J.  M. — Descriptions  of  new  and  little 
known  diptera  or  two-winged  flies.  50,  Ixix,  Art.  22,  26  pp. 
*Curran  &  Alexander. — Diptera  collected  by  the  late  Allan 


xxxviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\VS 

Crawford  on  Wrangel  Island.    4.  Iviii.  p.  28'.'-2'>3.     *Curran, 
C.  H.  ---A  new  species  of  Comantella.     (Asilidae.  )     4,  Iviii. 
p.  310-312.     *Felt,  E.  P.— Xew  non-gall  making  Itonididae. 
4,  Iviii.  p.  265-268.    :;:Fe'lt,  E.  P. — Three  western  gall  midg< 
13,  xviii,  p.  79-81.    Hendel,  F. — Beitnige  zur  systematik  dcr 
Agromyzulen.      154,   Ixix,   p.   24S-271.     Johannsen,   O.  A.— 
Uianie>a    (  Psilodiame-a  )    lurida    (Chironomidae).      19,   xxi. 
p.  205. 

(S)  *  Alexander,  C.  P. — Xew  >pecie>  of  erane-tlies  from 
South  America  I.  (Tipulidae.)  7,  xix.  p.  378-394.  ^Alexan- 
der, C.  P.—  Xe\v  <>r  little-known  Tipulidae  in  the  collection 
of  Deutsches  Entomologisches  In-titut.  49,  xv.  p.  386-392, 
ill. 

COLEOPTERA.^Arrow,  G.  J.— Mimicry  in  coleop- 
tera.  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  London,  I,  p.  18-19.  Baudrimont, 
A. — Xote  complementaire  sur  la  stridulation  du  prione 
tanneur.  Act.  Soc.  Linn.  Bordeaux,  Ixxxvii,  p.  111-113. 
Benick,  L. — L~eber  atmungsintervalle  einheimischer  Dy- 
tisciden.  154,  Ixix.  p.  164-70.  Cockayne,  E.  A. — Terato- 
logical  coleoptera :  Heteromorphosis,  reduplication  of  leg, 
incomplete  union  of  pronotum.  36,  Ixxiv,  p.  261-262,  ill. 
Dobzhansky,  T. — Ueber  die  morphologic  und  systematische 
stellung  einiger  gattungen  der  Coccinellidae  (tribus  Hippo- 
damiina).  154,  Ixix,  p.  200-208.  Hatch,  M.  H.-  \~otes  on 
the  morphology  of  the  eyes  of  coleoptera.  6,  xxxiv,  p.  343- 
348.  ill.  Hern,  W. — Zur  faunistik,  synonymic  etc.  der  Cic- 
cindelinen.  49,  xv,  p.  36(^-372.  Kleine,  R. — K«'»nnen  myr- 
mekophile  Brenthiden  fliegen?  Folia  Myrm.  et  Termit.,  I,  p. 
8-13,  ill.  Netolitzky.  F. — Aus  der  praxis  des  kafersammlers. 
Ueber  das  sammeln  auf  lehmboden.  79,  xii.  p.  207-209. 
Scheerpeltz,  O. — Aus  der  praxis  des  kafersammlers.  I'eber 
das  sammeln  ripikoler  insekten  auf  schlamm,  sand,  und 
schotterbanken.  79,  xii,  p.  245-257. 

(X)  *Buchanan,  L.  L. —  A  new  otiorhynchid  with  sin- 
gle tar-al  claws.  10,  xxviii,  p.  179-181.  :|:Chittenden,  F. 
H. — A  new  species  of  Listroiiotus  from  north  of  Mexico. 
6.  xxxiv,  p.  341-342.  Fisher,  W.  S. — Xew  cactus  beetles. 
10.  xxviii,  i).  214-21S'.  :i:Hatch.  M.  H. —  New  and  noteworthy 
Histeridae  from  Alberta.  4,  Iviii.  p.  272-27n.  Hatch,  M. 
H. — Tillyard  on  Permian  coleoptera.  19,  xxi,  p.  1()3.  Oben- 
berger,  J. —  Ke\i>ioii  mono'graphique  des  Trachyde^  |)achy- 
scheloides  de  rameri(|ue.  (  P>upre.-4  )  74,  iii.  p.  3-149,  ill. 
*Schaefrer,  C. —  Xew  specie^  of  Boloschesis  (Chlamys)  with 


86  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '27 

notes    on    known    species    (Chrysomelidae ;    Fulcidacinae). 
10,  xxviii,  p.  181-187. 

(S)  *Arrow,  G.  J. — Fauna  sumatrensis.  Endomychidae 
and  Erotylidae.  49,  xv,  p.  248-262.  *Aurivillius  C.— Neue 
oder  wenig  bekannte  coleoptera  Longicornia.  27,  xviii, 
No.  9,  22  pp.  *Fisher,  W.  S. — Fauna  sumatrensis.  Bupres- 
tidae.  49,  xv,  p.  282-295.  *Kessel,  F. — Synopse  geral  do 
genero  Laemophloeus  con  a  descripcao  de  algumas  novas 
especies  sul-americanas.  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  R.  de  Janeiro 
xxvi,  p.  59-93.  *Kleine,  R. — Fauna  sumatrensis.  Lycidae. 
49,  xv,  p.  280-281.  ill.  *Kleine,  R. — Ein  neuer  Rhaphi- 
rhynchus  aus  Brasilien.  (Brenthidae)  74,  Hi,  p.  177.  Moser 
J. — Fauna  sumatrensis.  Melolonthini.  Cetonini.  49,  xv,  p. 
296-297.  *Pic,  M. — Coleopteres  exotiques  nouveaux  ou  peu 
connus.  Ann.  Soc.  Linn.  Lyon,  Ixxii,  p.  73-77.  *Reichen- 
sperger,  A. — Cryptomimus,  eine  neue  myrmekoide  Staphyl- 
inidengattung.  Zool.  Anz.,  Ixix,  p.  113-25,  ill. 

HYMENOPTfERA.— Balduf,  W.  V.— The  bionomics  of 
Dinocampus  coccinellae.  7,  xix,  p.  465-498,  ill.  Bugnion,  E. 
— Les  pieces  buccales,  les  sac  infrabuccal  et  le  pharynx  des 
fourmis.  Folia  Myrm.  et  Termit.,  I,  p.  33-44,  ill.  Frisch, 
K.  v.. — Ueber  den  farbensinn  der  fische  und  der  bienen. 
Schrif.  Yer.  Yerbr.  Naturh.  Kennt.  Wien.  lix,  p.  1-22. 
Krausse,  A. — Ein  neues  formicarium.  Folia  Myrm.  et 
Termit.,  I,  p.  13-14,  ill.  Lovell,  J.  H. — Why  do  honey-bees 
swarm.  Maine -Nat.,  vi,  p.  23-28.  Myers  and  Salt. —  (See 
under  Hemiptera.  Schwarz,  H.  F. — Observations  on  the 
bees  of  Rangeley,  Maine.  Maine  Nat...  Portland,  v,  p.  136-48. 
Staeger,  R. — Messor  Barbarus  als  ersteller  gemanerter  ober- 
nester  oder  nestkuppeln.  Folia  Myrm.  et  Termit.,  I,  p.  21-2'), 
ill.  Staeger,  R. — Unterirdische  "grabkammern"  in  einem  nest 
von  Formica  pratensis.  Folia  Myrm.  et  Termit.,  I,  p.  14-21, 
ill.  Whiting  &  Whiting. — Gynandromorphs  and  other  ir- 
regular types  in  Habrobracon.  101,  lii,  p.  89-120,  ill. 

(N)  Bliithgen,  P. — Beitrage  zur  synonymic  der  bien- 
engattung  Halictus  (Apid.).  *  11,  1926,"  p.  348-352.  *Brad- 
ley,  J.  C. — Descriptions  of  North  American  species  of  Pris- 
taulacus  (Aulacidae).  19,  xxi,  p.  173-176.  *Crawford,  J.  C. 
-North  American  bees  of  the  genus  Panurginus.  10, 
xxviii,  p.  207-214,  ill.  *Fouts,  R.  M. — Notes  on  Serphoidea 
with  description  of  new  species.  10,  xxviii,  p.  167-179. 
*Kamal,  M. — Four  new  species  of  parasites  for  aphidoph- 
agous  Syrphidae.  4,  Iviii,  p.  283-286. 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  87 

(S)  *Berland,  L. — Les  Sphegiclae  du  museum  national 
de  Paris.  153.  1926,  p.  200-206,  282-285  (cont.).  *Cockerell, 
T.  D.  A. — Descriptions  and  records  of  bees.  75,  xviii,  p. 
621-627.  Menozzi,  C. — Due  nuove  specie  di  *Eciton  (Fonn- 
icidae).  Folia  Myrm.  et  Termit.,  I,  p.  29-32,  ill.  Reichen- 
sperger,  A. — Das  female  von  Eciton  mattogrossensis.  49, 
xv,  p.  401-404,  ill. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES 

Novitates  Macrolepidopterologicae.  K  a  t  a  1  o  g  der  in 
"Seitz"  nicht  enthaltenen  und  seitden  neu  beschriebenen 
palaearktischen  macrolepidopteren.  Herausg.  von  Otto 
Bang-Haas.  Band  1,  bis  zum  jahre  1920.  Dr.  O.  Staucl- 
inger  und  A.  Bang-Haas,  Dresden-Blasewitz.  1926,  238  pp. 


MONOGRAPH  OF  THE  TRIBE  HESPERIIDI  (EUROPEAN  SPECIES) 
with  Revised  Classification  of  the  Subfamily  Hesperiinae 
based  on  the  Genitalic  Armature  of  the  Males.  By  B.  C.  S. 
WARREN,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  London,  Ixxiv,  pp.  1-170.  111.— 
Many  years  ago  the  writer  sent  to  Dr.  J.  L.  Reverdin  in  Switzer- 
land a  large  number  of  the  species  of  American  Hesperiidae  and 
slides  of  the  genitalia.  Dr.  Reverdin  at  that  time  contemplated 
monographing  the  family,  and  did  write  several  papers  on  the 
European  and  some  of  the  American  forms.  Then  there  was  a 
lapse,  the  war  and  other  distractions  intervening,  and  finally 
he  wrote  me  that  he  had  abandoned  the  idea  on  account  of  his 
inability  to  secure  sufficient  representation  of  the  American 
species  and  I  was  not  aware  until  the  publication  of  the  paper, 
referred  to  above,  that  he  had  turned  his  material  and  data 
OV..T  to  Mr.  \Yarren,  to  continue  the  work.  The  results,  how- 
ever, show  that  Reverdin's  choice  of  his  successor  was  well 
made,  and  Mr.  \Yarrcn's  sixteen  years  of  labor  have  resulted 
in  a  remarkable  paper  which  seems  to  be  the  last  word  as  to 
the  European  species  and  which  also  contains  a  great  deal  of 
information  on  the  subject  of  the  male  genitalia  and  on  the 
other  species  of  the  old  world. 

Mr.  \\arren  states  that  he  has  sacrificed  artistry  to  accu- 
racy in  figuring  type  and  typical  insects  though  sometimes 
broken  or  with  the  abdomen  removed,  but  the  excellent  photo- 
graphs of  the  butterflies  and  the  genitalia,  their  unusual  clear- 
ness and  accuracy  in  reproduction,  and  the  general  Mi-up  of 
the  plates,  without  crowding  and  well  arranged,  make  it  ex- 
ceedingly pleasing  to  the  eye,  and  in  my  opinion,  truly  artistic. 
The  sixty  plates  give  figures  of  all  the  European  species  with 


88  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '27 

many  variations,  the  male  genitalia  of  each  and  also  of  many 
of  the  old  world  extra-European  species,  together  with  many 
enlargements  of  the  insects  and  details  of  the  genital  armature 
most  useful  jru their  identification,  some  of  them  being  super- 
ficially very  similar. 

It  is  now  generally  conceded  that  the  male  genitalia,  in  most 
groups  of  the  Hesperiidae,  offer  the  best  characters  for  sepa- 
rating the  species,  and  Mr.  Warren  goes  further  (and  I  agree 
with  him)  that  these  characters  are  also  of  the  highest  gen- 
eric value.  The  information  given,  the  deductions  made  by  him, 
and  the  nomenclature  used  in  describing  and  discussing  these 
characters  are  sensible  and  clear. 

Of  the  species  of  Hesperiidae  covered,  there  are  two  which 
occur  in  America,  centaur cae  and  Warren's  own  species, 
freija.  His  paper  will  stimulate  interest  in  this  country,  and 
our  collectors  will  overhaul  their  series,  so  that  we  may  be 
able  to  map  out  more  accurately  the  distribution  of  these  two, 
which  may  be  migrants  from  the  European  Metropolis  of  the 
Genus  Hesperia. 

A  word  on  the  terms  used  in  describing  the  genitalia  may 
be  of  interest.  The  words  "clasp,"  "valve,"  and  "harpe," 
have  been  used  indiscriminately  to  mean  the  entire  structure 
of  the  grasping  organs.  Mr.  Warren  uses  the  word  "clasp" 
for  the  entire  structure ;  the  word  "harpe"  for  the  dorsal  lobe ; 
the  word  "cuiller"  (a  very  apt  one)  for  the  external  ventral 
lobe ;  the  internal  proximal  portion,  he  calls  the  "ventral  plate," 
and  he  also  very  interestingly  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  clasp  is  separable  laterally. 

All  of  this  is  excellent,  and  I  believe  the  nomenclature  should 
be  generally  adopted.  However,  the  process,  which  Mr.  War- 
ren designates  as  the  "lateral  apophysis  of  the  tenth  sternite" 
might  be  called  the  "scaphium,"  as  used  by  Pierce  for  a  proc- 
ess below  the  uncus,  a  structure  which  is  present  in  a  very 
large  percentage  of  the  Hesperiidae. 

As  to  the  taxonomy,  Mr.  Warren  has  rather  reversed  the 
usual  American  conception  of  some  of  the  terms.  We  have 
been  using  the  word  "race"  in  the  same  sense  that  he  uses  the 
word  "subspecies,"  and  he  has  sunk  "race"  to  mean  the  low- 
est form  of  variation  just  above  "aberration."  Our  conception 
of  "race"  carries  with  it  the  idea  of  locality,  and  we  have 
been  using  the  word  "form"  for  variation  in  a  given  locality, 
whether  seasonal,  dimorphic,  color  phase,  or  otherwise.  I  call 
attention  to  this,  not  in  a  critical  mood,  but  that  students  may 
understand  the  values  of  these  terms  as  rather  generally  used 
by  the  American  and  many  European  writers. 


XXXviii,    '27]  KNTOMnLtHilCAL    XKNVS  .S'  ' 

It  is  a  pity  to  wind  up  a  review  of  such  a  remarkably  studi- 
ous and  fine  paper  with  a  criticism,  but  it  seems  the  custom  for 
reviewers  to  do  this  so  I  will  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  .Mr. 
Warren,  whose  selection  of  the  generic  names  was  based  on 
Tutt's  diagnoses,  was  evidently  unaware  of  the  publication  of 
Dr.  Lindsay's  paper  on  the  "Types  of  Hesperioid  Genera," 
which  appeared  in  the  "Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  America"  in  March,  1925.  I  am  perfectly  aware  of  the 
long  time  frequently  elapsing-  between  the  manuscript  and 
the  printed  page,  and  I  appreciate  that  this  time  must  have 
been  long  extended  in  a  paper  so  elaborately  illustrated  as  this 
one,  nevertheless,  some  one  of  his  friends  should  have  called 
his  attention  to  this  situation.  Of  course,  the  paper  can  not 
be  considered,  like  the  Tentamen,  as  non-published,  and  if 
Lindsey  is  correct  (and  I  believe  him  to  be  98%  right)  most 
of  the  generic  names  mentioned  by  Mr.  Warren,  with  the 
exception  of  those  erected  by  himself,  will  have  to  be  replaced 
by  others.  R.  C.  WILLIAMS,  JK. 

I  low  [NSECTS  LIVE;  an  Elementary  Entomology  by  WALTER 
H.  WELLHOUSE.  The  Macmillan  Company,  Xew  York.  435 
pages,  ill.  S5.00. — In  this  book  we  have  a  manual  which  is  in- 
tended to  give  students  of  economic  entomology  the  necessary 
fundamental  knowledge  of  insects  as  a  class,  especially  of  those 
illustrating  the  principal  habits  of  the  insect  group  as  well  as 
the  principal  orders  of  the  group.  Most  of  the  species  chosen 
are  widely  distributed  over  North  America  and  are  commonly 
seen  by  any  observing  person.  The  book  should  appeal  to 
county  agents  of  the  farm  bureaus,  teachers  of  agriculture, 
farmers  and  fruit  growers,  who  lack  the  training  given  by  the 
introductory  course  and  have  taken  only  an  economic  entomol- 
ogy course  while  in  school.  His  plan  differs  from  the  usual 
one,  in  that  there  are  fewer  species  used  as  types  with 
more  lengthy  discussions  as  to  their  biology,  life  history,  and 
appearances  at  different  stages,  with  many  well  chosen  illustra- 
tions. Each  discussion  is  supplemented  by  "References."  L 
ing  a  list  of  articles  wherein  more  detailed  information  ma\ 
gleaned,  and  is  a  very  creditable  adjunct.  The  text  is  very 
readahU  .  especial!}-  appealing  to  the  layman,  and  the  matter 
is  all  apparently  original,  showing  that  much  of  the  scattered 
literature'  had  to  he  consulted  b\-  the  author,  in  its  preparation. 
Most  of  the  illustrations  are  sharp  and  well  made.  A  key  to 
the  principal  orders  and  families  is  given  and  i>.  as  the  author 
states,  "nothing  more  than  a  short  cut  to  finding  out  what  a 


90  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '27 

specimen  is  by  the  elimination  of  other  groups."  It  is  augmented 
by  crude  but  suggestive  figures  of  the  typical  insect.  A  chapter 
on  the  Phylum  Arthropoda  is  included  with  the  idea  that  after 
the  student  has  learned  the  ways  of  the  insect  group  he  should 
associate  that  group  in  its  proper  place  among  the  small  crea- 
tures which  are  apt  to  be  confused  with  insects.  Another 
chapter  gives  suggestions  for  collecting  and  preserving  insects. 
Although  the  author  says  that  "due  regard  for  the  system- 
atic relationship  of  the  species  is  given,''  this  phase  has  not  been 
carried  out  as  it  could  and  should  have  been  without  inter- 
fering with  the  general  plan  adopted  by  the  author.  The  se- 
quence of  the  orders  in  the  main  body  of  the  book  is  not  in 
conformity  with  that  given  in  his  chapter  on  the  families  of  in- 
sects, and  neither  is  in  accordance  with  any  proposed  system. 
This  seems  to  be  the  only  adverse  criticism  of  any  importance 
that  can  be  made,  but  his  arrangement  absolutely  breaks  up  any 
concept  of  the  proper  sequence  of  the  orders,  families  and  gen- 
era. However,  the  sequence  of  the  families  in  his  chapter  on 
the  orders  and  families  of  the  class  insecta  is  what  may  be 
considered  correct.  E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

HETEROPTERA  OF  EASTERN  NORTH  AMERICA,  with  especial 
Reference  to  the  Faunas  of  Indiana  and  Florida.  By  W.  S. 
BLATCHLEY,  1116  pages,  215  figures,  xii  plates.  The  Nature 
Publishing  Co.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.  1926. — The  author  of  this 
volume  has  published  three  manuals,  "The  Coleoptera  of  Indi- 
ana" (1910),  "Orthoptera  of  Northeastern  America"  (1920), 
and  with  Charles  W.  Leng,  "Rhynchophora  or  Weevils  of 
Northeastern  America"  (  1916),  which  have  proven  of  real  serv- 
ice to  professional  entomologist  and  amateur  collector  alike, 
and  we  wonder  how  we  ever  managed  to  get  along  without 
them.  Professor  Blatchley  has  the  faculty  of  preparing  simple, 
concise,  descriptive  matter  which  any  one  can  understand.  The 
work  on  the  Heteroptera  is  on  the  same  plan  and  is  nearly  as 
large  as  his  "Coleoptera  of  Indiana"  ;  it  is  printed  on  the  same 
kind  of  coated  paper,  making  a  rather  heavy  volume  weighing 
about  four  and  three-fourth  pounds.  Though  I  have  not  yet 
had  the  opportunity  of  using  the  keys  and  descriptions,  I  ex- 
pect to  find  them  workable,  especially  if  they  compare  at  all 
with  those  of  the  author's  other  manuals.  In  this  work  on  the 
Heteroptera,  Blatchley  describes  one  new  subfamily,  four  new 
tribes,  one  new  genus,  29  new  species,  and  four  new  varieties. 
Four  of  the  new  species  were  described  from  Indiana  and  24 
species  and  two  varieties  from  Florida.  On  page  1087,  a  table 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

gives  the  number  of  species  in  each  of  the  forty  families  treated 
in  the  work  and  also  their  distribution  as  regards  Florida,  Indi- 
ana and  other  states.  Of  the  1253  species  treated,  414  are  re- 
corded from  Indiana  and  548  from  Florida;  187  species  arc 
common  to  both  states  and  209  species  arc  recorded  only  from 
Florida.  A  bibliography  of  23  pages,  though  admittedly  incom- 
plete, contains  most  of  the  principal  reference  works. 

There  has  been  considerable  activity,  during  the  last  few 
years,  among  students  of  the  Heteroptera,  and  books  like  this 
of  Professor  Blatchley's  have  a  tendency  to  stimulate  further 
activity.  Of  course  some  workers  are  waiting  for  that  great 
work  now  in  preparation  on  the  lieteroptera  of  the  World,  but 
until  it  appears  this  book  by  Professor  Blatchley  will  be  most 
useful.  In  fact  a  book  of  limited  scope  is  often  more  useful 
to  the  majority  of  workers  in  the  geographical  area  which  it 
covers  than  the  more  pretentious  work.  It  is  evident  that 
Blatchley's  new  book  on  the  Heteroptera  will  be  a  welcome 
addition  to  our  list  of  manuals  treating  of  various  groups. of 
insects.  W.  E.  BRITTON. 


HETEROPTERA  OR  TRUE  Br<;s  OF  EASTERN  NORTH  AMERICA 
with  Especial  Reference  to  the  Faunas  of  Indiana  and  Florida. 
r>y  \V.  S.  BLATCHLEY.  The  Nature  Publishing  Company, 
Indianapolis.  9'/j  x  6l/[  inches,  pp.  1116,  12  pis.,  215  text  figs., 
$10.00. 

The  assiduous  Air.  IHatchley  has  produced  another  of  his  ex- 
traordinary manuals.  What  a  half-dozen  of  authors  (includ- 
ing myself )  failed  to  do — though  they  announced  their  inten- 
tion some  years  ago — this  laborious  and  magnificently  efficient 
scientist  has  accomplished.  Here  is  a  descriptive  and  pictorial 
manual  of  the  eastern  Hemiptera-Heteroptera,  the  character 
and  value  of  which  needs  no  other  recommendation  than  to  say 
that  it  is  a  bigger  and  better  "Coleoptera  of  Indiana,"  mutandis 
inn  tat  is. 

The  author  has  acquainted  himself  not  only  with  a  vast  ma- 
jority of  the  species  occurring  within  his  limits,  but  also  with  the 
extensive  literature  which  has  lately  grown  up  about  the  sub- 
ject. He  quotes  liberally  from  keys,  descriptions  and  illustra- 
tions already  published  (  which  is  of  course  in  large  part  what 
they  are  for),  but  he  declares  his  independence  and  makes  such 
changes  in  rank  and  nomenclature  as  seem  to  him  to  be  fitting. 
(  )f  the  more  than  1200  species  treated,  29  are  described  as  new. 
and  some  ne\v  varieties  and  higher  groups  are  proposed.  Th° 
is  a  useful  bibliography  and  a  very  full  index. 


92  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '27 

Detailed  and  technical  criticism  will  be  gradually  forthcoming 
as  specialists  scrutinize  the  work,  but  it  goes  without  saying 
that  this  manual  as  a  whole  is  reliable,  comprehensive  and  as 
fully  simplified  as  the  subject  allows.  It  is,  says  Mr.  Blatchley. 
the  last  of  his  manuals ;  let  us  hope  not.  But  if  so,  the  four 
will  stand  as  a  life-work  of  rarely  equalled  value,  quite  suf- 
ficient to  justify  the  laurels  that  we  herewith  ungrudgingly 
place  athwart  his  brow.  H.  M.  PARSHLEY. 

THE  INSECTS  OF  AUSTRALIA  AND  NEW  ZEALAND,  By  R.  J. 
TILLYARD.  Angus  and  Robertson,  Ltd.,  Sydney,  1926. — The 
appearance  of  this  work  has  been  anxiously  awaited  by 
many  Americans  since  the  announcement  of  its  forthcoming" 
publication  by  the  author  during  his  recent  American  tour.  It 
is,  as  stated  by  the  author,  designed  primarily  as  a  textbook  for 
students  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand  and  secondarily  for 
those  who  maintain  an  interest  in  the  insect  fauna  of  that  region. 
However,  to  the  morphologist  and  systematist,  even  without 
an  interest  in  the  area  under  consideration,  this  work  will  rank 
as  of  prime  importance  especially  for  the  studies  contained 
therein  on  insect  wing  venation  which  comprise,  not  only  the 
bringing  together  of  recent  publications  by  Tillyard  on  the  sub- 
ject, but  also  in  several  instances  new  and  unpublished  data  on 
insect  wings. 

Nothing  since  the  publication  of  Comstock's  notable  work 
on  wing  venation  equals  the  comprehensiveness  of  this  new 
book.  Going  deep  into  the  subject  of  fossil  wings,  he  has 
made  numerous  changes  in  the  interpretation  of  the  homologies 
in  several  orders  which  simplify  the  study  especially  for  the 
beginning  student.  As  an  example  of  this,  Tillyard's  view 
that  the  vein  Cul  is  composed  of  two  branches  Cu,a  and.Cu,b 
and  that  the  vein  lying  in  the  anal  fold  is  CuL>  was  tried  on  a 
group  of  beginning  students  in  wing  venation  and  it  seemed  to 
offer  a  better  explanation  of  the  development  of  these  veins 
and  caused  far  less  confusion  in  the  interpretation  of  the  modi- 
fications of  these  veins.  The  studies  in  Odonata  dispute  the 
crossing  of  Rs  over  Mo  as  proposed  in  the  Comstock-Ntvd- 
ham  system  and  seem  to  offer  an  easier  solution  of  the  problem. 
In  the  Hymenoptera  far  more  radical  changes  are  brought  forth 
which  in  no  way  agree  with  the  complicated  MacGillivray 
system  of  terminology. 

To  those  who  heard  the  author's  lectures  on  wing  venation, 
these  changes  come  as  no  surprise.  It  is  of  interest  to  point 
out  that  much  of  the  new  data  obtained  from  fossil  insects  was 


xxxviii,   '27]  KXTOMOI.OCICAI.  .\K\VS  93 

based  on  the  relations  of  «nmvex  and  concave  veins,  a  subject 
far  too  little  emphasized  in  the  study  of  wing  venation  in  this 
country. 

The  book  is  unique  in  the  possession  of  practically  an  entire 
set  of  original  illustrations,  only  a  few  of  which  have  previously 
appeared  in  the  author's  older  volume  on  Dragonflies.  The 
large  series  of  full  page  colored  plates  painted  by  Mrs.  Till- 
yard  are  especially  commendable.  Adversely,  little  can  be  said, 
but  space  has  limited  the  amount  of  discussion  on  internal 
anatomy.  The  author's  use  of  the  term  "X.  sp."  (pages  49,  50 
and  elsewhere)  is  to  be  deplored,  since  obviously  the  descrip- 
tions do  not  accompany  the  names.  Chapter  29  on  the  fossil 
record  of  insects  is  of  especial  interest.  A  good  glossary  is 
appended  and  in  the  words  of  a  local  printer,  the  book  is  very 
well  done  typographically.  Students  of  insect  structure  can 
not  afford  to  be  without  the  work.  It  is  further  commendable 
on  the  part  of  the  author  that  he  advanced  private  funds  to- 
ward the  immense  cost  of  publication  in  order  to  keep  the 
price  within  the  reach  of  the  average  student. 

WM.  l\  HAVES,  University  of  Illinois. 

FIRST  LESSONS  IN  NATURE  STUDY.  By  EDITH  M.  PATCH, 
Dept.  of  Entomology,  University  of  Maine,  Orono.  With 
38  drawings  by  Robert  J.  Sim.  New  York,  The  Macmillan  Co., 
1926.  9*4  x  7  inches.  287  pp. — This  book,  appropriately  dedi- 
cated to  Anna  Botsford  Comstock,  is  composed  of  fifteen  chap- 
ters with  the  titles  Sugar,  Milk  and  Animals  that  feed  it  to 
their  young,  Seeds,  Meat  and  Hunters,  Hunters  that  have 
backbones,  The  Cotton  Plant  and  some  of  its  relatives,  Flax 
and  some  other  fibre  plants.  Spinners,  Fur  Coats  and  animals 
that  wear  them,  Caves  and  Dugouts,  Buildings  of  Stone  and 
other  earthy  stuffs.  Traveling  Homes,  I  louses  of  Wood,  Ques- 
tions and  Answers.  Insects  appear  in  some  of  these  chapters, 
as  bees  and  aphids  under  Sugar ;  dragonflies,  hornets  and  the 
"fiery  hunter"  [Calosoma  culidniu]  under  Meat  and  Hunters; 
caterpillars,  cecropia  and  the  silkworm  under  Spinners ;  the 
bumble  bee  and  cricket  under  Caves  and  Dugouts.  The  book, 
both  text  and  illustrations,  should  be  a  delight  to  entomologists 
of  very  tender  years.  P.  P.  CALVERT. 

ZOOLOGIE  IM  GRUNDRISS  von  Dr.  WALTER  STEM  PELL,  ord. 
Professor  der  Zoologie,  vergleichenden  Anatomic  und  ver- 
gleichenden  Physiologic,  Direktor  des  Zoologischen  Instituts 
der  Westfalischen  Wilhelms-Universitat  zu  Minister  i.  W. 
Mit  676  Abbildungen  und  Abbildungsgruppen  im  Text  und  97 


94  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '27 

Lichtbildern.     Berlin,  Verlag  von  Gebriider  Borntraeger.     I0y2 
x7  inches.     Erste   (1925)    u.  zweite  Lieferungen,  pp.    1-160, 
161-336. — A  note  on  the  second  page  of  the  familiar,  orange- 
colored,  paper  covers  of  both  Lieferungen  informs  us  that  for 
a  long  time  there  has  been  lacking  a  text  book  of  zoology  which 
treats  equally  of  all  branches  of  this  science  as  they  are  today. 
The  existing  text  books  are  mostly  comparative  morphology  and 
taxonomy  and  treat  not  at  all  or  but  briefly  of  physiological 
and  biological  problems  and  mechanics  of  development,  topics 
which  are  entering-  more  and  more  into  the  foreground.     The 
present  book  seeks  to  avoid  this  one-sidedness  and  to  present 
modern  zoology  in  its  entirety  and  as  a  unit,  bringing  the  syn- 
thetic method  into  its  own  rightful  place,  as  well  as  the  analytic. 
The  erste  lieferung  contains  a  table  of  contents  of  the  whole 
work   but   without   the   page  numbers,   so  that  information   is 
lacking  as  to  the  amount  of  space  devoted  to  each  division  of 
the  subject.     This  division  is  as  follows:     Introduction  (defini- 
tion, scope,  divisions  and  history  of  zoology — 16  pp.)  1.  Struc- 
ture and  Form  of  Animals   (extending  to  beyond  p.  336),  2. 
Life  functions  of  Animals   (Physiology  and  Development),  3 
Living  relations  of  Animals  [ecology],  4.  Descent  of  Animals 
(Phylogeny),    5.    Theoretical   Zoology   and    Conclusion.      The 
second   section   above   listed   is   in  turn   divided   into   A.    Pro- 
morphology  and  »B.   Synopsis  of   the    forms    (Taxonomy  and 
Comparative   Morphology ) .     The   ten  phyla  under  which  all 
animals  are  grouped  present  no  novel  arrangement ;  Vermes 
and  Molluscoidea  are  still  in  the  running.     The  seventh  phy- 
lum, Arthropoda  (pp.  159-208),  is  subdivided  into  three  sub- 
phyla — Diantennata     (classes     Entomostraca,     Malacostraca), 
Chelicerata    (classes   Palaeostraca,   Arachnoidea),   and  Anten- 
nata  (classes  Protracheata,  Myriapoda,  Insecta).     The  struc- 
ture and  development  of  insects  in  general  are  described  on 
pages  189-198,  while  the  following  10  pages,  in  smaller  type, 
give  the  chief  characteristics  of  each  of  the  17  orders  here  rec- 
ognized.    As  one  of  these  orders  is  the  Pseudoneuroptera,  the 
author's  conservatism  is  evident.     It  is  an  excellent  thing  for 
a  young  student  of  zoology  or  entomology  to  read  and  study 
a  text  book  of  his  science  in  one  or  more  foreign  languages  as 
well  as  in  his  own  tongue,  thereby  acquiring  facts,  views,  vo- 
cabularies, idioms  and  modes  of  expression  all  at  once.     We 
have  no  means  of  judging  the  character  of  the  last  four  sections 
of  Prof.  Stempel's  Grundnss,  but  his  first  two  lieferungen  will 


be   useful  to   the   voung   student   aforesaid. 


P.  P.  CALVERT. 


xxxviii,   '27]  EXT  IMOI.OC.IC  \L   NEWS  95 

Doings  of  Societies. 

The  American  Entomological  Society 

The  stated  meeting  of  September  23,  1926,  was  held  in  the 
hall  of  The  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 
Mr.  R.  C.  Williams,  Jr.,  President,  in  the  chair.  Seven  mem- 
bers were  present.  The  meeting-  was  given  over  to  informal 
discussion  and  determination  of  specimens. 

At  a  stated  meeting  held  October  28,  1926,  in  the  same  hall, 
Mr.  Williams  presiding,  sixteen  members  and  visitors  were 
present. 

It  was  moved  and  seconded  that  the  president  appoint  a  com- 
mitte  to  arrange  for  a  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  America  in  the  hall  of  The  Academy  on  December  28. 

The  Publication  Committee  reported  having  published  14 
papers  during  the  year  1926  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Society. 

AJ  r.  Robert  J.  Sim  was  elected  to  resident  membership. 

Announcement  was  made  of  an  oil  portrait  of  Dr.  J. 
Breckenridge  Clemens  presented  to  the  Academy  by  his  family. 

Dr.  Calvert  gave  a  short  illustrated  address  on  a  previously 
announced  subject,  "New  Characteristics  in  Identifying 
Dragonfly  Larvae."  The  differentiation  of  genera  of  Libel- 
luline  larvae  can  be  made  on  the  number  of  teeth  on  the  man- 
dibles and  also  upon  the  presence  and  arrangement  of  divided 
setae  on  the  segments  of  the  tarsi  and  on  the  tibia.  In  the  dis- 
cussion that  followed,  Dr.  Calvert  spoke  of  the  difficulties  in 
rearing  the  larvae  and  of  the  numerous  larval  instars. 

Mr.  \Yilliams  referred  to  the  recent  visit  of  Mr.  J.  D.  Guilder, 
of  California,  who  is  studying  aberrrations  of  butterflies,  and 
exhibited  several  aberrant  forms  and  an  abnormality,  namely, 
a  dark  ?  (philetd)  of  Picrls  inonustc  from  Florida  with  a  cat- 
erpillar's head.  This  insect  had  evidently  carried  the  larval 
head  case  through  the  pupal  stage,  not  being  able  to  cast  it  and 
had  emerged  in  this  manner.  In  other  respects  the  insect  was 
normal  and  was  flying  with  other  females  of  the  species  al- 
though it  must  have  been  blind. 

R.  J.  TiTiiKRixr.Tox,  Recording  Secretary. 

At  a  stated  meeting  held  November  18,  1926,  in  the  same 
hall,  Mr.  Williams  presiding,  nine  members  were  present. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Fiebiger  was  elected  to  resident  membership. 

The  meeting  was  then  continued  in  informal  discussion  and 
determination  of  specimens. 

E.  T.  CRKSSOX,  JR.,  Rec.  S'ectv  (  pro  tempore). 


96  ENTII  \IOI.OGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '27 

OBITUARY. 

.  Deaths  of  the  following  entomologists  have  been  announced: 

Dr.  CYRIL  LUCKES  WITH|YCOMBE,  lecturer  in  advanced  and 
economic  entomology  at  the  University  of  Cambridge,  known 
for  his  work  on  Neuroptera,  on  December  5,  1926,  at  the  age 
of  twenty-eight  years  (Science,  Dec.  31,  1926). 

Mr.  J.  C.  HUGUENIX,  of  1810  15th  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cali- 
fornia, in  December.  His  latest  contribution  to  the  NEWS 
was  in  July,  1921,  entitled  "Life  History  of  Pyrameis  caryae 
in  California." 

GEORGE  LEWIS,  for  many  years  recognized  as  the  chief 
authority  on  the  Histeridae  of  the  world,  died  at  Folkestone. 
England,  September  5,  1926.  He  was  born  August  5,  1839,  and 
spent  some  years  from  1862  on  in  China,  as  the  representative 
of  a  firm  engaged  in  the  tea  trade.  From  1867  to  1872  and 
from  1880-1882  he  was  in  Japan,  spending  six  months  in  Cey- 
lon on  the  return  journey  to  England.  In  all  these  countries 
he  made  collections  of  beetles ;  those  from  Japan  contain  the 
types  of  a  large  proportion  of  the  known  species ;  they  were 
acquired  by  the  British  Museum  in  1910.  His  papers  on  His- 
teridae date  from  1884  to  1915;  in  them  he  has  described  60 
genera  and  more  than  750  species.  His  collections  in  this  fam- 
ily were  bequeathed  to  the  same  Museum.  (Obit,  in  Entom. 
Mo.  Mag.,  Nov.,  1926.) 

An  obituary  notice  of  the  Rev.  FRANCIS  DAVID  MORICE, 
whose  death,  at  Woking,  England,  on  September  21,  1926,  was 
announced  in  the  NEWS  for  January  last  (p.  32),  is  in  the  En- 
tomologist's Monthly  Magazine  for  November,  1926.  He  was 
born  June  23,  1849,  educated  at  private  schools,  Uppingham, 
Winchester  and  Oxford.  He  was  ordained  in  1873,  and  taught 
at  Rugby  1874-1894.  His  interest  in  natural  history  was 
aroused  in  1885  by  his  election  as  "President  of  the  Rugby 
School  Natural  History  Society,  and  in  order  to  justify  his 
election  he  thought  he  ought  to  know  something  about  the 
things  which  were  interesting  his  boys.  A  desultory  study  of 
the  Lepidoptera  was  his  first  essay,  but  finding  that  some  of 
the  other  orders  promised  a  greater  field  of  fruitfulness  he 
turned  his  attention  to  the  Hymenoptera  and  ultimately  got  in 
touch  with  Edward  Saunders  who  became  his  friend  and 
guide."  He  published  upon  Chrysididae,  bees  and  wasps,  but 
especially  upon  the  Tenthredinidae ;  at  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  engaged  upon  a  revision  of  the  British  species  of  this 
family.  He  was  President  of  the  Entomological  Society  of 
London  in  1911  and  1912. 


APRIL,  1927 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVIII  No.  4 


JAMES  H.  B.  BLAND, 
1833-1911 


CONTENTS 

Wolcott — Notes  on  the  Pierid  Butterfly,  Kricogonia  castalia  Fab.  (Lepid. )  97 

Montgomery — Notes  on  Some  Louisiana  Dragonflies  (Odonata)-  ....  100 

Back  Volumes  of  the  News.  .  105 

Weiss— The  Entomology  of  Erasmus  Darwin's  "  Botanic  Garden  "...  106 

Weiss — Andrew  Crosse'  Acarus .  .  Ill 

Hood — Nineteen  Synonyms  in  the  North  American  Thysanoptera.  .  .  .  112 
Byers — The  Nymph  of  Libellula  incesta  and  a  Key  for  the  Separation  of 

the  Known  Nymphs  of  the  Genus  Libellula  (Odonata) 113 

Knull — Descriptions  of  Coleoptera  with  Notes  (Buprestidae  and  Ceram- 

bycidae).  .....'•• .  .  .  .  • 115 

Braun — A  New  Species  of  Holcocera  Predaceous  on  Mealybugs  (Micro- 

lepidoptera) 118 

Editorial— The  Situation  of  Systematic  Entomology 119 

Grant — Announcement  of  an  Experiment 120 

Entomological  Literature 121 

Obituary — Professor  Mario  Bezzi 128 

Obituary— Mrs.  Annie  Trumbull  Slosson 12S 


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published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 
Entomological  Society. 

Philip   P.   Calvert,    Ph.D.,   Editor;   E.   T.   Cresson,   Jr.,   Associate   Editor. 

Advisory  Committtee :  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr. 

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ADVERTISING  RATES:    Full  width  ol  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
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SUBSCRIPTIONS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  All  remittances,  and 
communications  regarding  subscriptions,  non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of 
reprints,  and  requests  for  sample  copies,  should  be  addressed  to  Entomo- 
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All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
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MANUSCRIPTS.  Address  all  other  communications  to  the  editor,  Dr. 
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delphia. Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
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ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS_ 

VOL.  XXXVIII  APRIL,   1927  No.  4 

Notes  on  the  Pierid  Butterfly,  Kricogonia  castalia 

Fab.  (Lepid.). 

l>y  ("iKokc.i-:  X.  \Yoi.o >TT.   Port-au-Prince.  Hayti. 

Records  of  an  unusual  abundance  of  a  particular  kind  of 
insect  are  by  no  means  uncommon  in  entomological  literature, 
and  indeed,  such  occurrences  are  often  of  such  economic  im- 
portance as  to  abundantly  warrant  the  entire  time  and  attention 
of  one  member  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology  being  given 
to  them.  In  some  cases,  other  features  may  outweigh  the 
economic  interest.  The  esthetic  thrill  produced  by  millions  of 
light-colored  butterflies  dancing  about  one  can  be  more  readily 
imagined  than  described,  and  the  mystery  of  where  they  all 
came  from,  and  where  they  are  going,  especially  if  they  seem 
to  be  steadily  moving  in  one  direction,  is  not  at  once  susceptible 
to  scientific  explanation. 

While  I  was  lying  sick  in  bed  in  Port-au-Prince,  Haiti,  in 
April  and  May,  1926,  considerable  numbers  of  yellow  Pierid 
butterflies  were  to  be  noted  flying  past,  often  as  high  up  as  the 
tops  of  the  royal  palms.  For  minutes  at  a  time,  all  would 
seem  to  be  going  in  the  same  general  direction,  then  some 
would  be  noticed  going  in  the  opposite  direction.  Repeated 
observations  only  served  to  confirm  the  original  impression  that 
despite  the  business-like  (for  a  butterfly)  air  with  which  they 
were  flying,  there  was  no  definite  direction  in  which  even  the 
majority  of  them  were  going.  In  July  and  August  they  were 
no  more  noticeably  abundant  than  when  first  noted,  but  early 
in  September  there  was  a  decided  increase  in  their  numbers. 
By  the  middle  of  the  month,  the  peak  of  abundance  had  been 
reached,  and  a  week  later  very  few  were  to  be  seen. 

The  center  of  maximum  abundance  appeared  to  be  the  more 
desert  portion  of  the  plain  of  the  Cul-de-Sac,  especially  towards 
the  coast,  and  by  migration,  this  was  extended  northward, 
or  north-west,  along  the  coast  line  for  possibly  as  much  as 

97 


98  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

thirty  or  forty  miles.  The  speedier  automobiles  coming  into 
Port-au-Prince  from  the  north  had  their  radiators  entirely 
covered  with  the  yellow  wings  of  the  butterflies.  Where  shal- 
low ditches  on  either  side  of  the  road  thru  the  desert  region 
held  a  little  water,  or  fresh  horse  or  burro  manure  proved 
attractive,  the  clouds  of  startled  butterflies  that  rose  up  as 
one  passed  filled  the  car,  and  momentarily  hundreds  of  soft 
bodies  and  fluttering  wings  beat  against  one's  face  and  arms. 

Despite  the  numberless  times  individual  butterflies  stopped 
to  rest  and  drink,  there  was  no  question  about  the  direction  of 
their  movement.  They  were  moving  steadily  northward,  or  as 
nearly  northward  as  the  steep  mountains  which  form  the  north- 
ern boundary  of  the  plain  and  to  the  northwest  closely  skirt 
the  coast,  allowed.  Along  the  coast,  some  of  the  butterflies 
were  flying  out  over  the  water,  but  none  were  observed  to  be 
very  far  out,  and  many  hugged  the  shore,  stopping  now  and 
then  to  sip  salty  water  from  wave-moistened  stones  or  drift- 
wood. The  highroad  and  the  railroad  right  of  way  paralleling 
the  beach,  and  even  the  low  woods  at  the  foot  of  the  mountains 
were  alive  with  their  northward-impelled  bodies. 

The  vast  majority  of  the  butterflies  were  of  a  single  species, 
Kricogonia  castalia  Fab.,  or  some  variety  of  this  species,  altho 
a  comparatively  few  may  have  been  Picris  monuste  Linnaeus, 
which  would  be  practically  indistinguishable  in  flight.  Now 
and  then  one  might  see  one  of  the  larger  and  more  intensely 
colored  Catopsilias,  or  a  black  Popilio,  or  a  chestnut  Dione 
vanillae  Linnaeus,  but  none  of  these  other  species  seemed  to 
be  more  than  temporarily  imbued  with  the  northward  urge  of 
Kricogonia. 

Of  the  early  stages  of  Kricogone  lyside,  Holland  says,  "Noth- 
ing has,  as  yet,  been  satisfactorily  ascertained  in  relation  to 
these."  Such  enormous  numbers  of  butterflies  having  devel- 
oped in  a  comparatively  restricted  desert  area  must  surely  have 
produced  a  noticeable  defoliation  of  their  host  plant  or  plants. 
Desert  vegetation  in  the  Cul-de  Sac  appears  to  consist  largely 
of  cactus  and  dwarfed  leguminous  trees.  The  cactus  was  ob- 
viously untouched  by  caterpillars.  As  the  caterpillars  of  the 


XXXVlii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  99 

allied  genus,  Catopsilia,  feed  on  the  leaves  of  various  le-tinies, 
a  careful  inspection  was  made1  of  the  foliage  of  such  trees  and 
shrubs,  but  no  indication  of  caterpillar  injury  was  noted. 

Amid  the  grey  or  bluish-green  and  feathery  leaves  of  the 
common  desert  vegetation,  the  dense  dark  green  foliage  of 
lignum  vitae,  Gnajacutn  officinalc,  is  as  distinctive  and  striking 
as  is  its  trunk,  mottled  and  blotched  like  that  of  the  buttonball. 
The  rounded  oval  of  its  leaves  had  often  before  been  noted 
as  notched  by  the  feeding  of  the  little  Otiorhynchid  beetles, 
Artipus  psittacinus  Gyllenhal  (determination  by  Dr.  Guy  A.  K. 
Marshall).  These  beetles  are  covered  with  light  green  scales 
above  and  silvery  white  ones  beneath,  and  are  so  conspicuous 
against  the  dark  green  lignum  vitae  leaves  that  they  were 
credited  with  being-  responsible  for  all  leaf  injuries  whatso- 
ever that  might  appear  on  this  plant.  My  six-year-old  daughter, 
however,  conducting  an  independent  investigation  of  her  own, 
noted  that  the  trunk  of  one  of  the  lignum  vitae  trees  was 
alive  with  a  multitude  of  wandering  caterpillars  and  these, 
on  being  reared  to  adults,  proved  to  be  Kric<>^nn\i  cast  alia  Fab., 
as  determined  by  Dr.  Wm.  Schaus,  of  the  United  States  Na- 
tional Museum. 

The  fully  grown  last  instar  larva  is  about  three-fourths  of 
an  inch  long  and  one-eighth  inch  wide,  cylindrical,  of  substan- 
tially uniform  diameter,  with  a  skin  somewhat  roughened  and 
pubescent.  The  oval  head  is  of  nearly  the  same  diameter  as 
the  body,  dull  green  in  color,  with  numerous  irregularly-shaped 
lighter  spots  on  the  dorsal  half,  the  ocelli  and  the  bases  of 
some  of  the  hairs  being  black.  On  the  body,  the  prominent 
but  narrow  silvery  or  grev  mid-dorsal  stripe  is  laterally  broadly 
bordered  with  chocolate  brown.  At  the  sides,  this  breaks  up 
into  numerous  spots  on  a  golden  yellow  background,  which 
midway  to  the  silvery  lateral  stripes  become  so  numerous  as 
to  form  a  continuous  stripe,  sharply  limited  ventrally  by  the 
golden  yellow  background.  The  lateral  silvery  stripes  are 
narrowly  above  and  scarcely  at  all  below,  margined  with  brown. 
Below,  posteriorly,  and  at  the  sutures,  the  body  is  dull  green 
like  the  head,  but  somewhat  lighter  around  the  prolegs.  The 
claws  of  the  prolegs  an-  brown;  those  of  the  true  legs  are 
semi-transparent  green. 

The  chrysalis  is  bluish   grey   in   color,   with   whitish   bloom. 


100  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

smooth  but  not  shining",  wing-  pads  prominent  and  rather 
sharply  depressed  posteriorly  to  meet  the  small  abdomen.  The 
pupal  period  was  six  days. 

From  the  chrysalids  of  other  larger  butterflies  collected  at 
the  same  time  in  this  region,  black  parasitic  wasps,  Chalcis 
incerta  Cresson,  were  reared,  but  none  of  those  of  Kricogo'nia 
were  thus  parasitized.  From  each  of  several  of  the  larvae, 
however,  two  Apantclcs  larvae  emerged  and  spun  cocoons. 
The  imagos  were  determined  by  Air.  A.  B.  Gahan,  of  the 
United  States  National  Museum,  as  A.  cassianus  Riley. 

Notes  on  some  Louisiana  Dragonflies  (Odonata). 

By  B.  ELWOOD  MONTGOMERY,  Poseyville,  Indiana. 

From  June  15  to  August  16,  1925,  while  working  at  the 
Tallulah,  Louisiana,  laboratory  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology, 
I  made  use  of  my  spare  time  to  study  and  collect  dragonflies. 
Only  holidays  and  brief  periods  in  the  late  afternoon  could  be 
given  to  this  work.  The  number  of  points  which  could  be 
visited  on  such  occasions  was  limited  but  fairly  represented 
the  local  habitats.  The  elevation  of  Tallulah,  which  is  probably 
representative  of  the  entire  district  in  which  collecting  was 
done,  is  91  feet.  Five  hundred  and  ninety-six  specimens,  rep- 
resenting twenty-eight  species  were  taken. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  E.  B.  Williamson,  of  Bluffton,  Indiana, 
for  the  identification  of  a  few  species  and  for  checking  my 
determinations  of  other  species.  Several  members  of  the  Tal- 
lulah staff  assisted  in  collecting  specimens. 

Eagle  Lake,  an  old  bayou  channel  about  four  miles  west  of 
Tallulah,  was  visited  more  frequently  than  any  other  locality. 
This  body  of  water  is  about  a  mile  long  and  has  a  maximum 
width  of  about  250  yards.  Collecting  was  done  at  only  one 
end  of  the  lake  where  the  water  was  comparatively  shallow. 
Here  the  banks  were  wooded  and  rather  free  from  low  vegeta- 
tion. Trained  and  Pantala  were  usually  to  be  found  soaring 
over  a  nearby  field  grown  up  to  a  uniform  height  of  about 
four  feet  with  weeds.  Argia  apicalis  was  frequent  in  the  paths 
among  the  trees  near  the  lake.  Pachydiplax  longipennis  was 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \E\VS  101 


abundant  about  a  small  area  of  water  smart  weed.  Enallagma 
sit/iiatnin,  Pcritlu'inis  tlniiii/iit  and  Lihcllula  inccsta  flew  along 
the  shore.  Epicordulia  princess  \vas  frequently  seen. 

I  K  ar  Lake,  about  six  miles  northwest  of  Kagle  Lake  resem- 
bles the  latter,  both  in  its  general  character  and  its  dragonfly 
fauna. 

Alligator  Bayou,  seven  miles  southwest  of  Tallulah,  was 
visited  at  a  point  where  the  bayou  spreads  out  into  a  broad 
pond  grown  up  with  Xclninho.  The  banks  were  grass-covered 
and  partly  shaded  by  trees.  Enallagma  (jcminatiim,  E.  sig- 
luitiun,  Ischnura  posita,  Nasiaeschna  pentacantha,  Perithewiis 
domitia  and  Pachydiplax  longipcnnis  were  captured  here. 

Lake  Bruin,  which  was  visited  on  July  26  and  August  8, 
is  an  old  ox-bow  cut-off  about  sixteen  miles  long  in  Tensas 
Parish,  abouty  forty  miles  south  of  Tallulah.  Collecting  was 
done  near  the  west  end,  where  a  sand  beach  extends  from  a 
few  feet  to  several  yards  back  from  the  water.  Celithcmis 
eponina  was  found  on  both  dates,  alighting  on  the  branch  tips 
of  cypress  trees  growing  in  the  water  or  on  lower  vegetation 
back  of  the  beach.  Epicordulia  prince  ps,  Trainca  lace  rat  a  and 
Brachymcsia  gravuin  Hew  over  the  water.  Perithemis  domitia 
and  Enallagma  sigiut/iim  were  found  in  numbers  at  the  water 
margin  and  the  former  less  frequently  in  the  vegetation  back 
from  the  beach  where  Erytlicuris  simplicicollis  was  common. 
Argia  apicalis,  Enallagma  civile,  E.  gciniiiatum,  Ischnura  posita, 
I.  rauibiirii,  Anomalagrion  liastatnin  and  Plathemis  lydia  were 
also  taken  in  this  vegetation. 

Collecting  was  done  frequently  at  Bayou  Roundaway,  three 
miles  south  of  Tallulah.  The  water  was  only  a  few  inches  deep 
and  the  channel,  six  to  ten  feet  wide,  was  filled  with  a  growth 
of  low  water  vegetation.  Enallagma  signatum  and  Ischnura 
posita  were  common;  Lihcllula  inccsta  was  frequently  seen; 
and  a  few  individuals  of  Libclliila  vil>rans  were  present.  A 
1  li'/iicrina  was  once  seen  here  but  was  not  taken. 

Bayou  A  I. aeon,  seventeen  miles  west  of  Tallulah,  was  visited 
on  August  9  and  15.  The  water  flows  with  a  quite  noticeable 
current  in  this  bayou.  The  channel  is  about  fifty  feet  wide  and 


102  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

the  maximum  depth  was  six  to  ten  feet  when  I  visited  it. 
Collecting  here  was  difficult  as  the  banks  were  steep  and  the 
few  islands  supporting  a  growth  of  vegetation  could  not  -be 
reached.  The  water  was  very  clear  and  fish  could  be 
easily  seen  swimming  about  at  all  depths.  The  banks  were 
wooded  and  free  from  all  herbaceous  growth.  Erythemis 
simplicicollis  was  common  in  open  areas  near  the  bayou.  Three 
species  of  Argia,  apicalis,  scdula  and  tibialis  were  taken  from 
the  bare  ground  among  the  trees.  Along  the  margin  of  the 
bayou  Hetaerina  titia,  Enallagma  signatiini,  Ischnura  posita, 
I.  ramburii  and  Anonmlagrion  hastatwn  were  found.  Macromia 
taeniolata  patrolled  the  stream ;  Tramca  and  Pantala  were 
seen  soaring  over  the  water  but  none  were  taken. 

Alligator  Lakes  were  visted  on  one  day  only.  These  are  a 
series  of  three  ponds  in  the  bed  of  an  old  bayou  in  the  deep 
woods  about  seven  to  eight  miles  southwest  of  Tallulah.  The 
water  is  shallow  and  over  the  muddy  banks  logs  and  fallen 
trees  are  thickly  scattered.  Dragonflies  were  not  abundant  but 
a  few  Macronnae  were  seen  and  one  specimen  each  of  Argia 
apicalis,  Ischmtra  posita,  I.  ramburii,  Pacliydipla.r  longipcnnis 
and  four  each  of  Libcllnla  inccsta  and  PcritJicmis  douiitia  were 
taken. 

List  of  Species. 

1.  HETAERINA  TITIA  Drury.     Bayou  Mjacon,  August  9  and 

15,  all  tenerals. 

2.  ARGIA  APICALIS   Say.      Eagle   Lake,   June   20;   July  4; 
August  12.    Bear  Lake,  July  11  and  18.    Lake  Bruin.  July  26; 
August  8.    Bayou  Macon,  August  15.    Alligator  Lakes,  August 

16.  Common  at  first  three  localities,  exceeded  in  number  by 
both  the  following  species  of  the  genus  at  Bayou  Macon.     At 
Alligator  Lakes  a  male  of  this  species  was  the  only  Argia  seen. 

3.  ARGIA  SEDULA  Hagen.     Bayou  Macon,  August  9  and  15. 
Seven  males  and  one  female  taken  on  each  day. 

4.  ARGIA  TIBIALIS   Rambur.      Eagle   Lake,   July    1.      Bear 
Lake,  July  18.     Bayou  Macon,  August  9  and  15. 

5.  ENALLAGMA   CIVILE  Hagen.     Bayou   five  miles  east   of 
Tallulah,  July  23.     Lake  Bruin,  July  26;  August  8. 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  XF.WS  103 

6.  ENALLAGMA    EXSCLAXS    Ilagen.      A    male    from     Hear 
Lake,  July  11. 

7.  EXALLAGMA  GRMixATt'M    Kellicott.      A  male   from  -Alli- 
gator Bayou,  June  20.     Xiue  males  from  Lake   llruin,  July  2(>. 

8.  EXALLAGMA    SIGXATI  M    Ma-en,      Eagle    Lake,   June   20 
and  29;  July  4  and  11  ;  August   12.     Alligator  Bayou,  June  _'<  > 
and  21.     Bayou  Roundaway,  June  27.      Hear  Lake,  July   11. 
Lake   Bruin,   July  26;   August  8.      Bayou   Macon,   August  9. 
Everywhere  common. 

9.  ISCHNURA  POSITA  1  lagcu.    Alligator  Bayou,  June  20  and 
21.    Eagle  Lake,  June  20;  July  4:  August  12.     Bayou  Round- 
away,  June  27;  July  2  and  30.     Bear  Lake,  July   11  and  18. 
Lake   Bruin,   July  26 ;   August  8.     Bayou   Macon,   August  9 
and   15.     Alligator  Lakes,   August   16.     Everywhere  common. 
Twice   as   many    specimens    of    this    species    as    of    any    other 
were  taken. 

10.  ISCHNURA  RAMBURII  Selys.     Lake  Bruin,  July  26;  Au- 
gust 8.     Bayou  Macon,  August  9  and   15.     Alligator  Lakes, 
August  16.     Both  yellow  and  green  females  were  taken. 

11.  AXOMALAGUIO.X   IIASTATUM  Say.     Eagle  Lake,  July  4. 
Lake  Bruin,  July  26.     Insect  grounds,  July  31.    Bayou  Macon, 
August  15.    Only  one  specimen  was  secured  from  each  locality; 
the  Lake  Bruin  specimen  was  a  female,  the  others  males.     The 
male    from   the   insectary   grounds   was   taken   during  a   rain, 
while  flying  actively  about  from  one  stalk  of  grass  to  another. 

12.  GOMPHUS  SP.     Individuals  of  this  genus  were  seen  sev- 
eral times  at  Eagle  Lake,  alighting  on  stumps  and  sticks  pro- 
truding above  the  water  but  Hying  at  the  approach  of  the  boat. 
A  teneral  female,  apparently  belonging  to  the  pul!;dns  group, 
was  taken  June  20. 

13.  AXAX    juxiL'S    Drurv.      Seen    many    times   at   various 
localities  during  the  summer.     A  male  was  taken  at  the  insectary 
grounds  July  27. 

14.  \ASL\Ksrn  x A    PENTACANTHA   Rumbur.     A  male  from 
Alligator  Bayou,  June  21  and  a  female  from  Bear  Lake,  July  1 1 . 

15.  MACRO  MI  A  TAENIOLATA   Kambur.     Bear  Lake,  July  11. 
Bayou  Macon,  August  9  and  11.     Four  males  were  taken. 


104  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

16.  EPICORDULIA  PRINCEPS  Hagen.     Eagle  Lake,  June  29; 
July  4  and  18;  August  11  and  12.     A  male  and  female  flying 
tandem  along  the  edge  of  the  water  were  taken  on  the  first 
date. 

17.  LIBELLULA  INCESTA  Hagen.     Eagle  Lake,  July  4  and 
11.     Bear  Lake,  July  11  and  18.     Bayou  Macon,  August   15. 
Alligator  Lakes,  August  16.    On  one  occasion  at  Bayou  Round- 
away,  where  several  individuals  of  this  species  were  patrolling 
the  bayou  channel,  they  were  noted  to  visit  the  flowers  of  a 
plant  about  three  feet  high  which  was  common  along  the  bayou. 
The  action  seemed  intentional  as  the  dragonflies  hovered   for 
a  moment  just  above  the  conspicuous  yellow  flower  then  flew 
to  the  next  where  the  action  would  be  repeated.     I  examined 
the  flowers  and  found  many  small  insects  on  them  but  I  was 
not  able  to  approach  close  enough  to  a  dragonfly  to  determine 
if  it  was  catching  these. 

18.  LIBELLULA  VIBRANS  Fabricius.     Bayou  near  Tallulah, 
July  25.     In  the  margin  of  woods  at  roadside  near  Tallulah, 
August  14. 

19.  PLATHEMIS  LYDIA  Drury.     Eagle  Lake,  July  4  and  18; 
August  12.     Bayou  seven  miles  southeast  of  Tallulah,  July  25. 
Lake  Bruin,  July  26;  August  8. 

20.  PERITHEMIS  DOMITIA  Drury.     Alligator  Bayou,  June 
2D  and  21.     Eagle  Lake,  June  20  and  29;  July  4,  11,  and  18; 
August  12.    Bayou  Roundaway,  June  27;  July  2  and  25.    Bear 
Lake,  July  18.     Lake  Bruin,  July -26;  August  28.     Alligator 
Lakes,  August  16. 

21.  ERYTHEMIS  SIMPLICICOLLIS  Say.    Eagle  Lake,  June  20; 
July  4  and  11 ;  August  12.     Bayou  Roundaway,  June  27;  July 
30.     Bear  Lake,  July  11  and  18.     Lake  Bruin,  July  26;  August 
8.      Bayou   Macon,   August   9   and    15.     While    following   an 
individual  of  this  species  at  Bayou  Roundaway,  July  30,  I  saw 
it  struck  from  above  and  carried  away  into  a  cotton  field  by  a 
robber  fly.    At  Bayou  Miacon,  August  9,  a  male  of  this  species 
was  captured  in  flight  by  a  female  of  the  Asilid,  Erax  intcr- 
ntptus  Macq.  (determined  by  Prof.  J.  S.  Mine),  which  carried 
its  prey  to  a  bare  spot  on  the  ground  several  feet  away  where 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  XENYS  105 

both  were  captured.  The  dragonfly  was  still  alive  when  taken 
from  the  net  altho  some  of  the  contents  of  its  thorax  had 
been  removed  by  the  . \silid.  A  male  of  simplicicollis,  taken  at 
Bayou  Roundaway,  July  30.  was  eating  a  moth.  A  female 
taken  at  Eagle  Lake,  July  11.  was  resting  on  a  stick  rating 
another  dragonfly,  I'crithcinis  tl  omit  in. 

22.  I'ACH  VDIIM.AX    I.OXOIPEX.XIS    r.urmeister.     Eagle   Lake, 
June  20;  July  4.     Alligator  Bayou.  June  21.      Bayou   Round- 
away.  June  27.      Bear   Lake.  July    IS.      Lake    Bruin,  July  26. 
Bayou  Alacon.  August  15.     Alligator  Lakes,  August  \<>. 

23.  CELITHEMIS    EPOXIXA    Drury.      Lake    P>ruin,   July   2'>; 
August  8. 

24.  BRACIIVMESIA  GKAVIDA  Calvert.    Lake  Bruin,  August  8. 
Several   individuals   of   this   species   were   seen   patrolling   the 
shores  or  resting  on  tips  of  sticks  extending  some  distance  from 
the  surface  of  the  water;  a  male  was  taken. 

25.  PAXTALA    FLAVESCEXS   Fabricius.      Cotton   field,   seven 
miles  northeast  of  Tallulah.  July  7.     Insectary  grounds,  July 
7  and  27.     Bayou  seven  miles  southeast  of  Tallulah,  July  25. 
Eagle  Lake,  August  12. 

26.  PANTALA  HYMEXAEA  Say.    Insectary  grounds,  July  20. 

27.  TRAMEA   LACERATA   Hagen.      Cotton   field   seven  miles 
northeast  of  Tallulah.  July  9  and  17.     Insectary  grounds,  July 
20.     Bayou  seven  miles  southeast  of  Tallulah,  July  25.     Lake 
Bruin.  July  26;  August  8.     Lawn  in  Tallulah.  July  28.     Eagle 
Lake,  August  12. 

28.  TRAMEA  OXUSTA  Ilagen.    Cotton  field  seven  miles  north- 
east of  Tallulah,   undated.      Insectary   grounds.   July  20.      Air 
field,  three  miles  east  of  Tallulah,  August  1. 


Back  Volumes  of  the  News. 

The  late  Mr.  J.  C.  Huguenin  of  San  Francisco,  a  long-time 
subscriber  to  the  XE\VS.  left  some  home-bound  volumes  of  this 
journal  from  1917  to  the  end  of  l'LY>.  Mrs.  Huguenin  will  be 
glad  to  receive  offers  for  them.  Such  should  he  addressed  to 
Mr.  R.  F.  Sternitzky,  201  Charter  Oak  Ave.,  San  Francisco, 
California. 


106  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

The  Entomology  of  Erasmus  Darwin's 
"Botanic   Garden." 

By  HARRY   B.  WEISS,  New   Brunswick,   New  Jersey. 

Erasmus  Darwin,  M.D.,  grandfather  of  Charles  Darwin,  had 
his  carriage  equipped  for  reading-  and  writing,  and  composed 
much  of  his  poetry  while  visiting-  patients.  Among  other 
things,  he  wrote  "The  Botanic  Garden,"  a  lengthy  didactic 
poem,  which,  according  to  L.  Rice-Oxley,  "taught  nothing  and 
was  not  poetical."  This  work,  published  in  London,  1791,  con- 
sists of  two  parts,  part  one  being  entitled  "The  Economy  of 
Vegetation"  and  treating  of  plant  physiology,  and  part  two, 
"The  Loves  of  the  Plants,"  dealing  with  plant  sex.  Part  two 
had  been  published  previously  and  anonymously  at  Lichfield 
in  1789.  Both  poems  are  accompanied  by  a  galaxy  of  "philo- 
sophical notes"  on  heat,  clouds,  electricity,  frost,  iron,  clay, 
comets,  the  steam  engine,  etc.,  and  although  the  entire  work 
is  mainly  of  historical  interest  to  botanists,  the  parts  of  the 
notes  that  refer  to  insects  are  reproduced  because  of  their 
quaintness. 

Of  luminous  insects,  Doctor  Darwin  wrote  as  follows : 

"There  are  eighteen  species  of  Lampyris  or  glow-worm, 
according  to  Linneus,  some  of  which  are  found  in  almost  every 
part  of  the  world.  In  many  of  the  species  the  females  have 
no  wings,  and  are  supposed  to  be  discovered  by  the  winged 
males  by  their  shining  in  the  night.  They  become  much  more 
lucid  when  they  put  themselves  in  motion,  which  would  seem 
to  indicate  that  their  light  is  owing  to  their  respiration ;  in 
which  process  it  is  probable  phosphoric  acid  is  produced  by 
the  combination  of  vital  air  with  some  part  of  the  blood,  and 
that  light  is  given  out  through  their  transparent  bodies  by  this 
slow  internal  combustion. 

"There  is  a  fire-fly  of  the  beetle-kind  described  in  the  Diet. 
Raisonne  under  the  name  of  Acudia,  which  is  said  to  be  two 
inches  long,  and  inhabits  the  West  Indies  and  South  America ; 
the  natives  use  them  instead  of  candles,  putting  from  one 
to  three  of  them  under  a  glass.  Madam, Merian  says,  that  at 
Surinam  the  light  of  this  fly  is  so  great,  that  she  saw  sufficiently 
well  by  one  of  them  to  paint  and  finish  one  of  the  figures  of 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  107 

them  in  her  work  on  insects.  The  largest  and  oldest  of  them 
are  said  to  become  four  inches  long,  and  to  shine  like  a  shout- 
ing star  as  they  fly,  and  are  thence  called  Lantern-hearers.  The 
use  of  this  light  to  the  insect  itself  seems  to  he  that  it  may 
not  fly  against  objects  in  the  night ;  by  which  contrivance  these 
insects  are  enabled  to  procure  their  sustenance  either  by  night 
or  day,  as  their  wants  may  require,  or  their  numerous  enemies 
permit  them ;  whereas  some  of  our  beetles  have  eyes  adapted 
only  to  the  night,  and  if  they  happen  to  come  abroad  too  soon 
in  the  evening  are  so  dazzled  that  they  fly  against  every  thing 
in  their  way." 

On  the  subject  "vegetable  glandulation,"  he  states  that  "The 
odoriferous  essential  oils  of  several  flowers  seem  to  have  been 
designed  for  their  defence  against  the  depredations  of  insects, 
while  their  beautiful  colours  were  a  necessary  consequence  of 
the  size  of  the  particles  of  their  blood,  or  of  the  tenuity  of  the 
exterior  membrane  of  the  petal,"  and  tells  of  a  philosopher 
"who,  contemplating  this  subject  thinks  it  not  impossible,  that 
the  first  insects  were  the  anthers  or  stigmas  of  flowers  ;  which 
had  by  some  means  loosed  themselves  from  their  parent  plant, 
like  the  male  flowers  of  Vallisneria ;  and  that  many  other  insects 
have  gradually  in  long  process  of  time  been  formed  from 
these ;  some  acquiring  wings,  others  fins,  and  others  claws,  from 
their  ceaseless  efforts  to  procure  their  food,  or  to  secure  them- 
selves from  injury.  He  contends,  that  none  of  these  changes 
are  more  incomprehensible  than  the  transformation  of  tadpoles 
into  frogs,  and  caterpillars  into  butterflies." 

Concerning  the  Diptera,  he  says—  "There  is  a  curious  cir- 
cumstance belonging  to  the  class  of  insects  which  have  two 
wings,  or  diptera,  analogous  to  the  rudiments  of  stamens  above 
described :  viz.  two  little  knobs  are  found  placed  each  on  a 
stalk  or  peduncle,  generally  under  a  little  arched  scale ;  which 
appear  to  be  rudiments  of  hinder  wings ;  and  are  called  by 
Linneus,  halteres,  or  poisers.  a  term  of  his  introduction.  A.  T. 
Bladh.  Amaen.  Acad.  V.  7.  Other  animals  have  marks  of 
having  in  a  long  process  of  time  undergone  changes  in  some 
parts  of  their  bodies,  which  may  have  been  effected  to  accom- 
modate them  to  new  ways  of  procuring  their  food."  Darwin, 


108  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

from  his  writings,  believed  in  the  theory  of  evolution  as  after- 
wards expounded  by  Lamarck. 

On  the  subject  of  insectivorous  plants,  he  writes— -"the  vis- 
cous material  which  surrounds  the  stalks  under  the  flowers  of" 
the  Catchfly  (Silcnc)  "is  a  curious  contrivance  to  prevent  vari- 
ous insects  from  plundering-  the  honey  or  devouring  the  seed." 
"In  the  Dionaea  Muscipula  there  is  a  still  more  wonderful 
contrivance  to  prevent  the  depredations  of  insects:  The  leaves 
are  armed  with  long  teeth,  like  the  antenna?  of  insects,  and  lie 
spread  upon  the  ground  round  the  stem  ;  and  are  so  irritable, 
that  when  an  insect  creeps  upon  them,  they  fold  up,  and  crush 
or  pierce  it  to  death.  The  last  professor  Linneus,  in  his  Sup- 
plementum  Plantarum,  gives  the  following  account  of  the 
Arum  Muscivorum.  The  flower  has  the  smell  of  carrion;  by 
which  the  flies  are  invited  to  lay  their  eggs  in  the  chamber  of 
the  flower,  but  in  vain  endeavour  to  escape,  being  prevented 
by  the  hairs  pointing  inwards ;  and  thus  perish  in  the  flower, 
whence  its  name  of  fly-eater.  In  the  Dypsacus  is  another  con- 
trivance for  this  purpose,  a  basin  of  water  is  placed  round 
each  joint  of  the  stem."  Of  the  Sun-dew,  "The  leaves  of  this 
marsh-plant  are  purple,  and  have  a  fringe  very  unlike  other 
vegetable  productions.  And,  which  is  curious,  at  the  point  of 
every  thread  of  this  erect  fringe  stands  a  pellucid  drop  of 
mucilage,  resembling  a  ducal  coronet.  This  mucus  is  a  secre- 
tion from  certain  glands,  and  like  the  viscous  material  round 
the  flower-stalks  of  Silene  (catchfly)  prevents  small  insects 
from  infesting  the  leaves.  As  the  ear-wax  in  animals  seems  to 
be  in  part  designed  to  prevent  fleas  and  other  insects  from 
getting-  into  their  ears.  Air.  Wheatly,  an  eminent  surgeon  in 
Cateaton  street,  London,  observed  these  leaves  to  bend  upwards, 
when  an  insect  settled  on  them,  like  the  leaves  of  the  muscipula 
veneris,  and  pointing  all  their  globules  of  mucus  to  the  centre, 
that  they  completely  intangled  and  destroyed  it.  M.  Broussonet, 
in  the  Mem.  de  1'Acad.  des  Sciences  for  the  year  1784,  p.  615, 
after  having  described  the  motion  of  the  Dionaea,  adds,  that 
a  similar  appearance  has  been  observed  in  the  leaves  of  two 
species  of  Drosera." 

On  nectar  and  nectaries  he  says  in  part  that  "Many  insects 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  109 

are  provided  with  a  long  and  pliant  proboscis  for  the  purpose 
of  acquiring  this  grateful  food,  as  a  variety  of  bees,  moths, 
and  butterflies:  but  the  Sphinx  Convolvuli.  or  unicorn  moth, 
is  furnished  with  the  most  remarkable  proboscis  in  this  climate. 
It  carries  it  rolled  up  in  concentric  circles  under  its  chin,  and 
occasionally  extends  it  to  above  three  inches  in  length.  This 
trunk  consists  of  joints  and  muscles,  and  seems  to  have  more 
versatile  movements  than  the  trunk  of  an  elephant:  and  near 
its  termination  is  split  into  two  capillary  tubes.  The  excellence 
of  this  contrivance  for  robbing  the  flowers  of  their  honey,  keeps 
this  beautiful  insect  fat  and  bulky:  though  it  flies  only  in  the 
evening,  when  the  flowers  have  closed  their  petals,  and  are 
thence  more  difficult  of  access;  and  at  the  same  time  the 
brilliant  colours  of  the  moth  contribute  to  its  safety,  by  mak- 
ing it  mistaken  by  the  late  sleeping  birds  for  the  flower  it 
rests  on. 

"Besides  these  there  is  a  curious  contrivance  attending  the 
Ophrys,  commonly  called  the  Bee-orchis,  and  the  Fly-orchis, 
with  some  kinds  of  the  Delphinium,  called  Bee-larkspurs,  to  pre- 
serve their  honey  ;  in  these  the  nectary  and  petals  resemble  in 
form  and  colour  the  insects,  which  plunder  them:  and  thus  it 
may  be  supposed,  they  often  escape  these  hourly  robbers,  by 
having  the  appearance  of  being  lire-occupied." 

The  wax  of  the  candle-berry  Myrtle  was  attributed  to  insects. 
"The  buds  of  the  Myrica  Gale  possess  an  agreeable  aromatic 
fragrance,  and  might  be  worth  attending  to  as  an  article  of  the 
Materia  Medica.  Mr.  Spnrman  suspects,  that  the  green  wax- 
like  substance,  with  which  at  certain  times  of  the  year  the 
berries  of  the  Myrica  cerifera,  or  candle-berry  Myrtle,  are 
covered,  are  deposited  there  by  insects." 

On  the  resemblance  of  some  seeds  to  insects  he  has  the  fol- 
lowing to  say:  "There  is  another  plant,  Medicago  polymorpha, 
which  may  be  said  to  assume  a  great  variety  of  shapes;  as  the 
seed-vessels  resemble  sometimes  snail-horns,  at  other  times 
caterpillars  with  or  without  long  hair  upon  them:  by  which 
means  it  is  probable  they  sometimes  elude  the  depredations 
of  those  insects.  The  seeds  of  Calendula,  Marx-gold,  bend 
up  like  a  hairy  caterpillar,  with  their  prickles  bristling  outwards, 


110  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr., '27 

and  may  thus  deter  some  birds  or  insects  from  preying  upon 
them." 

Upon  the  appearance  of  his  "Botanic  Garden."  Darwin 
gained  quite  a  favorable  but  ephemeral  reputation.  Apparently 
he  was  a  much  better  physician  and  botanist  than  poet.  Edu- 
cated at  Cambridge  and  Edinburgh,  he  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  at  Nottingham  in  1756.  Because  of  his  small  num- 
ber of  patients  he  moved  to  Lichfield  a  year  later,  and  here 
his  practice  grew  and  he  met  many  distinguished  people.  In 
1766  while  botanising  he  accidentally  met  Rousseau  at  Wootton 
Hall,  afterwards  corresponding  with  him.  It  is  said  that  he 
met  Samuel  Johnson  once  or  twice  and  that  their  dislike  was 
mutual.  Although  of  a  large  build,  he  was  quite  energetic, 
both  physically  and  mentally.  By  his  first  wife  he  had  three 
sons,  one  of  them,  Robert  Waring,  being  the  father  of  Charles 
Darwin,  and  by  his  second,  four  sons  and  three  daughters.  Al- 
though he  was  kind  to  patients  and  servants  and  charitable 
to  the  poor,  at  times  he  was  quite  magisterial  and  ill-tempered 
to  his  children. 

Darwin's  poetry  was  patterned  after  that  of  Pope,  whose 
style  was  passing  out  of  favor.  In  three  prose  interludes  in- 
serted between  the  cantos  of  his  "Loves  of  the  Plants,"  he 
expounds  his  views  on  poetry  and  states  that  "the  principal 
part  of  the  language  of  poetry  consists  of  those  words,  which 
are  expressive  of  the  ideas,  which  we  originally  receive  by  the 
organ  of  sight ;  and  in  this  it  nearly  indeed  resembles  painting." 

A  clever  parody  on  Darwin's  "Loves  of  the  Plants"  appeared 
in  the  April  16,  1798,  and  succeeding  numbers  of  the  "Anti- 
Jacobin,  or  Weekly  Examiner,"  a  publication  which  supported 
Pitt's  Government  in  the  struggle  against  France  and  its  Revo- 
lution. 

Darwin's  political  tendencies  were  liberal :  he  favored  the 
Revolution  and  corresponded  with  Rousseau.  And  so  the 
parody  served  the  double  purpose  of  attacking  the  Jacobins 
while  apparently  being  directed  against  Darwin's  poor  poetry. 
It  was  styled  "The  Loves  of  the  Triangles,  a  Mathematical 
and  Philosophical  Poem,''  inscribed  to  Dr.  Darwin  and  written 
by  Ellis,  Canning  and  Frere.  As  the  purpose  of  the  "Botanic 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  111 

Garden"  was  "to  enlist  imagination  under  the  banner  of  Sci- 
ence," the  purpose  of  the  "Loves  of  the  Triangles"  was  to 
"enlist  the  Imagination  under  the  banners  of  Geometry.'  Dar- 
win was  said  to  have  admired  the  parody,  which  now  serves 
to  keep  alive  his  otherwise  forgotten  "Loves  of  the  Plants." 


Andrew   Crosse's   Acarus. 

Andrew  Crosse,  who  dabbled  in  chemistry  and  electricity  in 
his  country  home,  Fyne  Court,  six  miles  from  Taunton,  made  a 
discovery  in  1837  that  netted  him  considerable  publicity.  In  an 
effort  to  manufacture  crystals  of  silica,  he  mixed  two  ounces 
of  powdered  flint  with  six  ounces  of  carbonate  of  potash,  fused 
them  in  a  strong  heat,  reduced  the  material  to  a  powder  and 
dissolved  it  in  boiling-  water  thereby  obtaining  potassium  sili- 
cate. A  part  of  this  he  placed  in  boiling  water  slowly  adding 
hydrochloric  acid  to  supersaturation.  This  fluid  he  subjected 
to  continuous  electric  action  through  the  intervention  of  a 
porous  stone. 

Failing  to  obtain  the  crystals  of  silica,  he  noted  however  on 
the  14th  day  after  the  beginning  of  the  experiment,  a  "few 
small  whitish  excrescences  projecting  from  the  middle  of  the 
porous  stone."  On  the  18th  day,  the  projections  were  larger 
and  terminated  in  seven  or  eight  filaments.  On  the  26th  day 
they  took  the  form  of  perfect  insects  "standing  erect  on  a  few 
•bristles  which  were  their  tails."  On  the  28th  day  they  moved 
their  legs,  later  detaching  themselves  from  the  stone  and  mov- 
ing about.  At  the  end  of  several  weeks  about  100  were  pres- 
ent, some  smaller  ones  with  six  U-gs  and  larger  ones  with  eight. 
They  were  identified  as  belonging  to  the  genus  Acarns  and 
called  Acarus  crossii. 

Mr.  Crosse  at  first  was  of  the  opinion  that  they  had  devel- 
oped from  eggs  in  the  water.  1  Ie  repeated  the  experiment  and 
the  acari  duly  reappeared.  Others  tried  it  with  similar  results. 
Some  believed  that  it  was  proof  of  spontaneous  generation. 
Others  asserted  the  impossibility  of  such  a  happening  and 
heaped  abuse  on  Mr.  Crosse.  Mr.  Crosse  himself  maintained 
no  hypothesis  and  discreetly  said  that  he  did  so  and  so  and  so 
was  the  result.  Although  it  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  Acarus, 
Mr.  Crosse  was  twice  married  and  died  on  July  6.  1S55,  in 
"the  room  in  which  seventy-one  years  before,  he  had  been 
born."  All  of  which  is  set  forth  in  volume  t\vo  of  Chamber's 
"Book  of  Days,"  published  originally  in  London,  1862-64.— 
HARRY  B.  WEISS,  New  Brunswick,  Xe\v  Jersey 


112  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr., '27 

Nineteen  Synonyms  in  the  North  American 
Thy  sanop  tera.  * 

By  J.  DOUGLAS  HOOD,  University  of  Rochester. 
Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  J.  R.  Watson  and  the  authori- 
ties at  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  it  has  been  made  possible 
for  the  writer  to  examine  the  types  of  a  number  of  the  Thy- 
sanoptera  described  recently  from  North  America  and  to  point 
out  the  synonymy  given  below.  An  exclamation  mark  (  !) 
following  a  specific  name  indicates  that  at  least  one  paratype 
of  that  species  has  been  examined  in  the  preparation  of  this 
paper;  two  such  marks  (  !!)  mean  that  the  holotype  itself  has 
been  studied. 

Chirotlirips  floridcnsis  var.  catchmgsi  Watson  !==C.  inc.vi- 

canns  Crawford  ! ! 
Scirtothrips  ozvrc\i  Watson  !  =  =  Frankliniclla  fusca  (Hinds), 

the  Tobacco  Thrips. 
Dictyothrips    floridcnsis     Watson  !  =  =  Echinothrips    amcri- 

canus  Morgan  ! 

Haplothrips  rabuni  Watson  !=  =  //.  gra minis  Hood  ! ! 
Haplothrips  qucrci  Watson  !==//.  graimnis  Hood  ! ! 
Haplothrips  cassiac  Watson  !  =  =  Lcptothrips  mali  (Fitch)**. 
Haplothrips      harncdi      Watson  !==//.       (s.      1.)      flavipcs 

(Jones)  !! 

Haplothrips  oncco  Watson  !==//.  (s.  1.)  flavipcs  (Jones)    !  ! 
Karynia    (sic     !)     weigeli    Watson  ==H.     (s.    1.)    flavipcs 

(Jones)    !  ! 
Anthotlirips    dozicri    Watson   !  =  =  Haplothrips    gozvdcyi 

(Franklin)   ! 
Zygothrips   Wyoming ensis   Watson  !  =  =  Haplothrips   Icncan- 

thcmi  (Schrank). 
Hindsiana  cocois  Watson  !  =  =  Haplotlirips  (s.  1.)   mdaleuca 

(Bagnall). 
Cryptothrips      adirondacks     Watson  !  =  =  Lcptothrips      mail 

(Fitch)     [typical]  -(-  Liothrips   citricornis   Hood  ! 
Cryptothrips  pini  Watson  !  =  =  Lcptothrips  mali    (Fitch)**. 


*Contribution   from   the    Entomological    Laboratory    of    Cornell    Uni- 
versity. 

*  *Floriclan  examples  of  this  species  are  not  quite  typical,  and  the 
study  of  further  material  may  show  that  they  represent  a  valid  sub- 
species. For  this  form  Air.  Watson  has  furnished  three  names  in  as 
many  different  genera,  namely,  Lcplothrifs  aspcrsus  macro-ocellatus, 
1913,  Haplothrips  cassiac,  1915,  and  Cryptothrips  pint,  1915.  The  first 
has  priority,  and  would  take  precedence,  of  course. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  .\F.\VS  113 

Trichothrips  salicis  Watson  ! !  ==  Cr\plothrips  rcctan«ularis 

Hood  ! ! 
Phloeothrips  florid  en  sis  Watson   \=  =  Hoplandrothrips  jcnnci 

(Jones)    !  ! 
Trichothrips  drakci  Watson    l  =  =  Hoplothrips  kani\i   major 

(Hood)    !  ! 

Neoeurhynafaothrips   Watson  =    Trichothrips    I'/.el. 
Idolothrips     fitscus      Watson  l\  =  =  Magalothrips      spinnMis 

Hood  ! ! 

The  Nymph  of  Libellula  incesta  and  a  Key  for  the 

Separation  of  the  known  Nymphs  of  the 

Genus  Libellula  (Odonata). 

By  C.  FRANCIS  BYERS,  Cornell  University. 

While  working  over  the  Odonata  collection  at  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, the  writer  turned  up  a  reared  specimen  and  exuvia  of 
Libellula  incesta.  The  material  bore  the  following  label, 
"Spring  Creek,  Dlecatur  Co.,  Ga.  Emerged  June  13,  1911. 
Coll.  J.  C.  Bradley."  The  nymph  of  Libellula  incesta  has  never 
been  described,  so  on  the  basis  of  the  above  specimen  the  fol- 
lowing description  was  made. 

Libellula  incesta  Hagen.  Nymph.  Sex  male.  Total 
length  21  mm.  Length  of  abdomen  11.5  mm.  Hind  femora 
6  mm.  Width  of  abdomen  6.5  mm.  Lateral  setae  5.  Men- 
tal setae  9,  the  first  five,  from  the  side,  long  and  close  together, 
the  fourth  being  the  longest,  the  remaining  four  small  and  fur- 
ther apart.  Median  lobe  decidedly  pointed.  Movable  hooks 
long,  straight  and  comparatively  slender.  Setae  on  the  distal 
margin  of  the  lateral  lobes  arranged  in  tufts  of  three  for  the 
most  part. 

The  ninth  abdominal  segment  as  long  on  the  ventral  side  as 
nine  plus  ten  on  the  dorsal  side.  Dorsal  hooks  on  abdominal 
segments  4-8  long  and  straight.  Lateral  hooks  on  abdominal 
segments  8  and  9  incurvate  and  sharp.  Lateral  abdominal 
appendages  one-half  the  length  of  the  inferiors. 

The  nymph  of  L.  incesta  closely  resembles  those  of  L.  a.vil- 
lena  and  L.  auripcnnis.  The  following  key  to  the  nymphs  of 
Libellula  of  North  America  will  help  to  separate  it  from  these 
other  species.  In  this  key  the  genus  Libcllnla  is  considered  as 
consisting  of  La-dona  and  Plathcnris  as  well  as  Libellula  proper. 


114  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

Key  for  tire  Separation  of  the  Known  Nymphs  of  the 

Genus  Libellula. 

1 — Mental  setae  0-3.  The  10th  abdominal  segment  well 
exposed.  Appendages  long  and  sharp,  longer  than  the 

dorsum  of  8  plus  9.     (Ladona) (2). 

-Mental  setae  8-13.  The  10th  abdominal  segment  par- 
tially contained  within  the  9th.  Abdominal  appendages 
short  and  stout,  shorter  than  the  dorsum  of  8  plus  9  in 

most  cases (3). 

2 — Mental  setae  3  on  each  side c.vusta  (syn.  julia)* 

-Mental  setae  wanting dcplanata. 

3 — Front  border  of  the  median  lobe  of  the  labium 
crenulate.  Head  widest  behind  the  eyes.  (Plathe- 

mis) ' lydia. 

-Front  border  of  the  median  lobe  of  the  labium  not 
crenulate.  Head  narrowed  behind  the  eyes.  (Libel- 
lula, sens.  st. ) (4) . 

4 — Dorsal  hooks  on  abdominal  segments  7  and  8  long  and 
sharp,  about  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  segments 
that  bear  them,  and  much  longer  than  the  surround- 
ing hairs,  if  any (5) 

-Dorsal  hooks  normally  present  on  abdominal  segments 
3-8,  those  on  7  and  8  rudimentary  and  hidden  among 

scurfy  hairs,  or  wanting (8) . 

—No  dorsal  hooks  present  on  any  of  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments  saturata.- 

$ — Lateral  setae  5 (6) . 

-Lateral  setae  6,  mental  8 cyanea. 

—Lateral  setae  7,  mental   10-11    luctnosa.~ 

-Lateral  setae  8,  mental  12-13 flavida? 

6 — Mental  setae  12-13.  Lateral  spines  of  abdominal  seg- 
ments 8  and  9  nearly  straight.  A  black  band  on  the 

head  between  the  eyes a.villena? 

—Mental  setae  8-10.     Lateral  spines  more  incurvate.     No 

black   band   on   head (7). 

7 — Segment  9  on  the  ventral  side  equal  in  length  to  seg- 
ments 9  and  10  on  the  dorsal  side.  Setae  on  the  distal 
margin  of  the  lateral  lobes  of  the  labium  arranged  in 
groups  of  three.  Lateral  spines  distinctly  incurvate. 

incesta. 

— Segment  9  on  the  ventral  side  distinctly  longer  than  9 
and  10  on  the  dorsal  side.  Setae  on  the  distal  margin  of 
the  lateral  lobes  normally  arranged  in  groups  of  five. 
Lateral  spines  less  incurvate auripennis. 


*In  spite  of  the  arguments  pro  and  con  regarding  the  true  status  of 
the  three  forms  of  the  old  genus  Ladona,  much  is  still  desired  regarding 
this  matter.  For  the  present  I  have  considered  deplanata  as  a  valid 
species  and  Julia  as  a  synonym  of  exusta. 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XE\YS  115 

S  —  Lateral     setae     (>.  mental     X  .................  forensis. 

-Lateral  setae  7,  mental   13  ............  qnadriinaculata. 

-Lateral  setae  8-9,  mental   12-13  ..........  rf  .  .  .pulchclla. 

Unknown  —  comanche,  composita,  jcsscaiui.  nodislica. 
nata,  scuiifasciata. 


All  the  nymphs  in  the  ahove  key  have  heen  described  by 
Dr.  James  G.  Needham,  excepting  L.  inccstu.  References  to 
the  original  literature  are  to  he  found  in  R.  A.  Muttkowski's 
Catalogue  of  the  Odonata  of  North  .  hnerica. 


Descriptions  of  Coleoptera  with  Notes  (Buprestidae 

and  Cerambycidae). 

By  J.  N.  KNULL,  Pennsylvania  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry. 

BUPRESTIS  STRIATA  Fab.  was  found  breeding  and  emerging 
from  a  hewn  pine  log  which  had  heen  in  an  old  log  house 
in  Clark's  Valley.  Pennsylvania.  This  indicates  that  seasoned 
lumber  without  bark  is  subject  to  infestation  by  this  species. 

CHRYSOBOTHRIS  CHRYSOELA  111.  was  found  breeding  in  dead 
branches  of  bald  cypress  (Taxodium  dlslicJiuni)  at  Cape  Henry, 
Virginia.  A  living  pupa,  which  later  transformed  to  an  adult, 
was  found  in  the  sap  wood  on  September  30th. 

ACTENODES  AKTZONICA  n.sp. — Form  and  size  of  A.  incnda.v 
Horn,  and  undoubtedly  confused  with  it  in  collections,  color 
greenish  bronze.  Head  densely  punctuate  on  vertex,  becom- 
ing rugose  on  front,  median  line  on  vertex,  clypeus  truncate 
with  obtuse  tooth  at  middle,  eves  prominent,  separated  on  ver- 
tex by  less  than  half  their  width  at  widest  point. 

Thorax  twice  as  wide  as  long,  narrower  at  apex  than  at  base, 
sides  sinuate  posteriorly,  disk  convex,  slight  suhhasal  transverse 
impression,  hind  angles  earinate,  surface  denselv  punctuate, 
punctures  becoming  more  numerous  laterally.  Flytra  wider 
than  thorax,  sides  parallel  to  back  of  middle,  then  obtusely 
rounded,  apices  acute,  side  margin  serrulate,  surface  scabrose, 
with  a  tendency  to  form  transverse  strigae.  Beneath  more 
shining  than  above,  abdomen  reticulate,  last  ventral  truncate  in 
female.  Length  16  mm.,  width  6  mm. 

Type  a  female  labeled  Tucson,  Arizona,  August  28,  in  the 
author's  collection. 

Superficially  this  species  resembles  . /.  inendn.r  I  lorn,  but 
the  distance  between  the  eyes  on  the  vertex  is  much  narrower, 
clypeal  tooth  well  developed  and  elytral  and  thoracic  sculp- 
ture is  much  coarser. 


116  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr., '27 

From  A.  calcarata  Chev.,  which  it  resembles  structurally,  it 
can  be  separated  by  the  lack  of  the  two  transverse  metallic 
bands  on  the  elytra,  no  prominent  costae,  and  the  coarser  dor- 
sal punctuation. 

According-  to  Schaeffer's  key*  the  species  would  come  after 
A.  calcarata  Chev. 

ROMALEUM  CORTIPHAGUS  Craighead — The  larva  of  this  spe- 
cies was  described  by  Dr.  Craigheadf  and  the  above  name  sug- 
gested by  him.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  author  has  reared 
a  number  of  adults  of  this  interesting"  species,  it  might  be  ad- 
visable to  give  a  brief  description  of  the  insect. 

Resembling"  R.  atomarium  Drury,  although  smaller  and  elytra 
more  convex,  brunneus,  clothed  throughout  with  irregular 
patches  of  cinereous  pubescence.  Antennae  when  laid  back 
over  dorsal  surface,  reaching  considerably  beyond  the  tips  of 
the  elytra  in  the  male,  and  extending  only  slightly  beyond  in 
the  female. 

Thorax  more  globular  than  atoinariiiin,  disk  with  similarly 
placed  callosities,  irregularly  densly  punctured,  punctures  be- 
coming larger  laterally ;  coarser  on  female.  Elytra  with  sides 
parallel,  suddenly  rounded  at  apex  ;  apices  truncate,  bispinose, 
surface  sparsely  punctuate,  becoming  less  numerous  toward 
apex.  Last  ventral  of  male  not  as  broadly  rounded  as  in  ato- 
marium,  last  ventral  of  female  rounded  with  at  most  only 
slight  emargination  ;  in  female  atomarium  emargination  is  much 
deeper.  Length  16  to  20  mm. ;  width  4.5  to  6  mm. 

Description  made  from  a  male  in  author's  collection,  reared 
July  4  from  the  bark  of  chestnut  oak  (Qucrcus  priniis)  col- 
lected at  Rockville,  Pa.,  by  the  author.  Six  other  reared  speci- 
mens at  hand. 

ROMALEUM  CYLINDRICUM  n.sp. — Resembling  R.  atoniarinin 
Drury  in  form  and  size  ;  brunneus,  clothed  above  and  below 
with  cinereous  pubescence.  Eyes  coarsely  granulate,  more 
widely  separated  on  vertex  than  atomarium,  lobe  extending 
above  antenna  relatively  narrower,  antenna  stout,  scape  clavate, 
second  joint  short,  third  longer  than  first  two  taken  together, 
fourth  shorter  than  third,  fifth  to  ninth  of  about  equal  length, 
last  two  missing. 

Thorax  wider  than  long,  very  convex,  narrower  at  base  than 
at  apex,  sides  rounded,  surface  irregularly  finely  punctuate; 
slightly  raised  laterally  making  an  irregularly  shaped  area  in 

*Chas.  Schaeffer— Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  Vol.  12,  p.  209,  1904. 
fF.  C.  Craighead— Dom.  of  Canada  Department  of  Agriculture  Tech- 
nical Bulletin  27,  page  69,  1923. 


xxxviii, '27]  EXTO.MOI.OCICAL  XEWS  117 

central  portion,  depression  in  front  of  scutdlnni.  Scntellum 
triangular.  Elytra  slightly  wider  than  thorax  at  widest  point, 
much  wider  than  thorax  at  base,  sides  parallel,  gradually 
rounded  in  posterior  third,  aphvs  truncate',  bispinose.  Ah- 
(k)inen  finely  punctined,  last  ventral  broadly  rounded,  proster- 
num  one-third  width  of  front  coxa,  between  front  coxae:  much 
wider  in  proportion  than  in  atomarium.  Length  20  mm., 
width  0  mm. 

Tyf>e  laheled  I'aradise  Ari/.ona,  II.  II.  Kimhall  collector,  in 
collection  of  the  author.  The  author  is  indehted  to  Mr.  A.  B. 
Champlain  for  the  specimen. 

ELAPHIDIOX  (AXOPLITM  )  DTXCAXI  n.sp. — Robust,  cylin- 
drical, clothed  with  recumbent  cinereous  hairs.  Eves  coarsely 
granulate,  antenna  reaching  to  beyond  middle  of  elytra,  with- 
out spines,  scape  thick,  clavate,  second  to  fifth  joints  inclusive 
campanulate,  sixth  to  eleventh  flattened,  second  short,  third 
longer  than  fourth,  fourth  shorter  than  fifth,  fifth  to  eleventh 
of  about  equal  length,  eleventh  shorter  than  tenth. 

Thorax  longer  than  broad,  cylindrical,  slightly  constricted 
at  base,  a  slight  lateral  and  basal  swelling  each  side,  disk  ir- 
regularly punctured  and  tuberculate,  brunneus  hairs  longer 
than  recumbent  cinereous  pubescence,  arising  from  each  tu- 
bercle, or  arising  at  the  base  of  the  tubercle,  median  line 
smooth.  Scutellum  rounded,  densely  pubescent.  Elytra  wider 
than  thorax,  sides  parallel,  truncately  rounded,  devoid  of  spines, 
disk  irregularly  punctured,  punctures  becoming  sparse  and  of 
smaller  size  toward  apex,  a  brunneus  hair  longer  than  recum- 
bent cinereous  pubescence  arising  from  each  puncture;  many 
of  the  basal  punctures  with  small  tubercles.  Ventral  surface 
shining,  appressed  cinereous  pubescence  arising  from  densely 
placed  minute  punctures,  longer  brunneus  hairs  arising  from 
large  sparsely  placed  punctures.  Legs  stout,  first  posterior 
tarsal  joint  longer  than  two  following  joints  taken  together. 
Length  \t>  mm.,  width  4  mm. 

T\pc  a  female  collected  at  (ilobe,  Arizona,  by  Mr.  D.  K. 
Duncan,  in  author's  collection.  The  species  is  named  for  the 
collector,  who  kindly  gave  me  permission  to  retain  the  specimen. 

The  author  is  indebted  to  Mr.  \Y.  S.  Fisher  for  kindly  com- 
paring the  specimen  with  the  Casey  collection  and  the  Xorth 
American  material  in  the  Xational  Museum  collection.  Also 
to  Prof.  H.  C.  Fall,  who  compared  it  with  his  material. 

PHYSOCNEMUM   ANDREAE  Hald.     Was    found   breeding   in 


118  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

dead  cypress  (Tax  odium  disticliu/n)  trees  which  had  been 
killed  by  the  encroaching  sand  dunes,  at  Cape  Henry,  Vir- 
ginia. Trees  up  to  two  feet  in  diameter  had  been  infested. 
The  larvae  make  irregular  galleries  between  the  bark  and  the 
sapwood,  excavating  part  of  each  as  they  travel.  These  mines 
are  often  two  feet  in  length  and  are  tightly  packed  with  granu- 
lar frass.  When  the  larva  is  mature  it  enters  the  sapwood 
and  prepares  a  pupal  cell.  The  upper  end  of  the  cell  leads 
to  the  bark  and  is  tightly  packed  with  granular  frass.  The 
adult  in  emerging  has  merely  to  clear  away  the  frass  and 
gnaw  a  hole  through  the  thin  bark.  Pupal  cells  were  found 
on  September  27th. 

A  New  Species  of  Holcocera  Predaceous  on 
Mealybugs.  (Micro-lepidoptera). 

By   ANNETTE   E/BRAUN,    Cincinnati,   Ohio. 
Holcocera  phenacocci  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  gray,  tip  of  second  segment  white,  third  seg- 
ment a  little  over  half  the  length  of  the  second;  basal  seg- 
ment of  antenna  rather  slender,  pecten  grayish  white.  Head 
and  thorax  gray.  Scales  of  the  fore  wings  whitish,  minutely 
blackish-tipped,  so  that  the  general  color  effect  is  gray ;  amongst 
these  minutely  tipped  scales  are  scattered  deeply  black-tipped 
scales ;  the  latter  become  more  numerous  toward  the  apex  and 
form  a  rather  clearly  defined  black  line  around  the  extreme 
tip  of  the  wing ;  all  other  marks  obsolete.  Cilia  pale  gray, 
marked  with  paler  whitish  lines  around  the  apex.  Hind 
wings  paler  than  the  fore  wings,  cilia  Whitish,  with  a  faintly 
fulvous  tinge.  Legs  gray,  tarsal  segments  white-tipped.  Ex- 
panse:  11  mm. 

Type  (?),  Avalon,  Catalina  Island,  California,  August, 
1926,  received  from  Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell,  who  writes  that 
on  opening  a  box  containing  specimens  of  the  mealybug,  Phena- 
coccus  colcmani  Ejhrhorn,  the  moth  flew  out.  It  may  reason- 
ably be  inferred  that  the  larva  is  predaceous  on  the  Phcna- 
coccus. 

A  male  in  the  writer's  collection  from  Alameda  County, 
California,  ratner  doubtfully  associated  with  this  species,  has 
the  basal  segment  of  the  antenna  excised,  and  the  upper  of 
the  pair  of  spots  usually  present  at  the  end  of  the  cell  in  this 
genus,  distinct. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,   APRIL,   1927. 

The  Situation  of  Systematic  Entomology. 
At  the  Third  International  Congress  of  Entomologists  at 
Zurich,  in  July,  1925.  Dr.  \Yalther  Horn,  of  Berlin,  read  a 
paper  on  the  distressing  situation  of  systematic  entomology 
with  especial  reference  to  conditions  in  Germany  and  some 
proposals  for  reform.  The  immediate  incitement  to  this  essay 
was  the  question  frequently  put  to  him :  \Yhy  has  the  situation 
become  so  difficult  in  recent  years?  A  very  brief  resume  of 
his  answers  may  be  of  interest  outside  of  the  country  of  which 
he  particularly  spoke.  He  writes : 

Some  believe  that  they  can  adduce  many  causes  which  should 
bear  the  blame — the  decline  of  power  on  the  part  of  many  to 
devote  time  and  money  to  entomological  purposes  and  which 
has  often  compelled  the  sale  of  their  collections  and  libraries; 
the  difficulties  of  the  modern  dwelling-  problem ;  the  greater 
need  of  a  pecuniary  return  for  work  done ;  a  certain  withdrawal 
of  interest  from  scientific  activities  to  richer  fields  ;  the  inclina- 
tion to  sport  and,  last  not  least,  the  collecting  of  postage 
stamps  and  much  more  of  the  same  sort.  I  willingly  grant  that 
the  stone  is  rolling  more  quickly  by  reason  of  these  circum- 
stances, but  I  do  not  believe  that  any  one  of  them  is  primarily 
responsible  for  the  conditions.  .  .  .  The  two  primary  factors 
which  have  caused  the  relative  regression  of  systematic  ento- 
mology in  Germany  and  in  the  largest  part  of  the  rest  of  the 
world  and  which,  if  a  reformation  does  not  take  place,  will 
irresistibly  do  more,  are,  in  my  opinion,  1.  The  fact  that 
systematic  entomology  rested  for  the  most  part  on  the  shoulders 
of  amateurs,  who  bore  the  load  so  long  until  systematic*  has 
become  so  gigantic  that  it  is  impossible  for  this  burden  to  be 
carried  by  those  who  can  be  active  in  it  only  as  an  avocation 

119 


120  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

through  their  love  of  the  subject.  ...  2.  The  entire  modern 
trend  of  zoology  which,  in  Germany,  partly  unconsciously, 
partly  automatically,  has  separated  itself  more  and  more  from 
taxonomy  to  attack  the  great  biological  sciences  with  their  vast 
complexes  of  problems. 

He  discusses  the  amateurs,  the  descriptive  entomologists  of 
this  group,  the  museums,  the  academies,  the  universities,  applied 
entomology,  the  scientific  publishing  facilities  and  bibliography 
as  affecting  systematic  entomology,  concluding  with  "twelve 
theses  for  the  reform  of  entomology  in  Germany/'  One  result 
was  the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  Congress  published  in  the 
NJEWS  for  March,  1926,  pages  92-93.  Another  was  the  action 
taken  by  the  Deutsches  Entomologisches  Institut.,  as  stated  in 
the  NEWS  for  March  of  this  year,  page  77. 


Announcement  of  an  Experiment. 

Dr.  Wm.  M.  Wheeler  in  his  "Social  Life  Among  the  Insects" 
says  in  substance :  We  think  it  a  wonderful  thing  that  a  wasp 
of  a  certain  species  will  select  a  caterpillar  or  spider  of  a 
certain  species,  never  varying,  sting  it,  store  it  away  and  lay 
an  egg  on  it.  Why  always  the  same  species  of  game  for  a 
certain  species  of  wasp?  Dr.  Wheeler  points  out  that  we  take 
up  the  life  cycle  at  the  wrong  place.  Start  with  the  egg.  It 
hatches  on  a  certain  species  of  caterpillar.  The  grub  eats  the 
caterpillar  and  the  smell  and  taste  are  firmly  implanted  in  its 
memory.  The  grub  metamorphoses  into  a  wasp,  but  the  nerv- 
ous system  does  not  undergo  radical  change.  The  wasp  prob- 
ably remembers  the  smell  and  taste  of  the  grub  it  ate  and 
searches  until  it  finds  another  that  answers  the  same  descrip- 
tion upon  which  to  lay  her  egg.  The  particular  species  of  cater- 
pillar is  not  vital  to  the  wasp  since  the  egg  can  be  removed 
and  placed  on  a  caterpillar  of  another  species  and  does  very 
well. 

To  carry  Dr.  Wheeler's  thought  one  step  further : 
Let  us  transfer  eggs  laid  by  various  wasps  on  specific  cater- 
pillars or  spiders  to  different  game,  raise  the  wasp  in  each 
case  and  then  give  her  the  choice  between  the  two  species  of 
game :  The  one  she  was  raised  on  and  the  one  her  mother  was 
raised  on.  If  she  selects  the  species  she  was  raised  on  and 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  121 

ignores  the  one  her  mother  selected  it  is  proven  that  memory 
lasts  through  the  metamorphosis  to  a  startling  degree.  This 
point  is  a  very  interesting  one  academically.  The  nearest  ex- 
periment I  have  heard  of  was  on  food  plants  df  Lepidoptera 
and  I  have  no  further  literature  on  the  point. 

The  practical  application  of  this  experiment  which  might 
well  prove  of  great  economic  value  would  he-  this: 

Transfer  eggs  of  wasps  laid  on  harmless  or  at  least  not 
economically  harmful  caterpillars  or  spiders  to  caterpillars  that 
do  enormous  crop  damage  and  "train"  the  wasps  to  search  out 
these  caterpillars.  The  food  supply  is  there  if  only  we  can 
make  the  wasp  overcome  its  memory  of  the  food  of  its  fore- 
fathers by  substituting  memory  of  the  pest  we  want  destroyed. 

Dr.  Paul  Gilmer  of  the  U.  S.  Biological  Laboratory  at 
Wichita  now  working  on  the  apple-destroying  coddling  moth 
has  kindly  offered  to  share  his  equipment  with  me  this  Summer 
to  attempt  to  carry  out  this  experiment. 

This  is  published  in  hopes  that  others  may  apply  this  prin- 
ciple to  other  pests.  An  attempt  elsewhere  might  succeed  when 
conditions  here  might  prevent  success. 

CHAPMAN  GRA.NT,  Major,  I'.  S.  Infantry. 


Kntomological    Literature 

COMPILED   BY   E.    T.   CRESSON,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic-  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  continuing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  Kn- 
tomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Knto- 
mology,  see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  1!. 

Papers  published   in   the    Entomological    News  are   not   listed. 

4 — Canadian  Ent,  Guelph.  10 — Proc.,  Ent.  Soc..  Wash- 
ington. 11 — Deutsche  Ent.  Zeitschrift.  Kerlin.  12 — Jour, 
of  Economic  Ent.  14 — Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M. 
17— Ent.  Rundschau.  Stuttgart.  18 — Intern.  Ent.  Zeit- 
schrift, Guben.  21 — The  Entomologist's  Record.  London. 
24 — Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France.  25— Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France. 


122  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

27— Boll.  Soc.  Ent.  Italiana.  33— Bull,  et  An..  Soc.  Ent. 
Belgique.  39 — The  Florida  Entomologist.  41 — Bull.  Soc. 
Ent.  Suisse.  45 — Zeit.  f.  Wissenschfl.  Insektenbiol.,  Berlin. 
51 — Notulae  Ent.,  Helsingfors.  59 — Encyclopedic  Ento- 
mologie,  Paris.  69 — Comptes  R.,  Acacl.  Sci.  Paris.  77— 
Comptes  R.,  Soc.  Biologic,  Paris.  107 — Biologisches  Zen- 
tralblatt.  113 — Jour.  Agric.  Research,  Washington.  114— 
Ann-Epiphyties,  Paris.  125 — Verhandl.  Zool.-Bot.  Ges., 
Wien.  127 — Archiv  f.  Entwickl.  der  Organis.,  Berlin. 
130 — Ohio.  Jour.  Sciences,  Columbus.  131 — Ent.  Blatter, 
Berlin.  133 — Jour.  Experimental  Zool.  141 — Amer.  Natu- 
ralist. 151— 6c.  Pap.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  154 — Zool. 
Anzeiger,  Leipzig. 

GENERAL.— Bethune-Baker,  G.  T.— Note  on  Dr.  Ver- 
ity's method  of  nomenclature.  A  sub-species,  a  race,  a  local 
form  or  a  form!  What  are  they?  (21,  xxxix,  p.  10-11.) 
Brerner,  H. — Ueber  die  tagezeitliche  konstanz  in  schliipf- 
termine  der  imagines  einiger  insekten  und  ihre  experimen- 
telle  beeinflussbarkeit.  (45,  xxi,  p.  209-216.)  Case,  E.  C.- 
Environment  of  tetrapod  life  in  the  late  paleozoic  of 
regions  other  than  North  America.  (Carnegie  Inst.  Pub., 
No.  375,  211  pp.,  ill.)  Caullery,  M. — L'histoire  des  fourmis 
de  Reaumur.  (Revue  Sci.,  Paris,  Ixv,  p.  65-70,  ill.)  Cham- 
berlin,  W.  J. — The  army  of  silent  tree  killers.  (Am.  Forest. 
&  Forest  Life,  Mar.  1927,  p.  141-144,  ill.)  Ferriere,  C.— La 
phoresie  chez  les  insectes.  (41,  xiii,  p.  489-496.)  Gibson,  A. 

—International  entomology — retrospective  and  prospective. 
(12,  xx,  p.  47-62.)  Grassi,  B. — Commemorazione.  (Atti  dei 
Lincei.  Mem.  Cl.  Sc.  Fis.,  ii,  p.  xix-lxiii,  port.)  Graves,  P.  P. 

—Species,  subspecies  and  race.  (21,  xxxix,  p.  22-25.) 
Greer,  T. — Nomenclature.  (21,  xxxix,  p.  28-29.)  Haeckel,  E. 

-Dr.  Roger  Verity  and  nomenclature.  (21,  xxxix,  p.  29-30.) 
Howard,  L.  D. — The  needs  of  medical  entomology.  (141, 
Ixi,  p.  173-179.)  Manter,  J.  A.— Charts  and  forms  as  aids 
in  teaching  economic  entomology.  (12,  xx,  p.  76-79.) 
Nagel,  P.— Das  ratsel  der  "trilobitenlarve."  (131,  xxii,  p. 
173-179,  ill.)  Robinson,  W. — Water  binding  capacity  of 
colloids  a  definite  factor  in  winter  hardiness  of  insects. 
(12,  xx,  p.  80-88,  ill.)  Rogers,  W.  H. — Lycaenidae  and  ants. 
(Viet.  Nat.,  Melbourne,  xliii,  p.  276.)  Sibley  et  al. — A  pre- 
liminary biological  survey  of  the  Lloyd-Cornell  reservation. 
Insect  and  some  other  invertebrates.  (Bull.  Lloyd  Libr.. 
No.  27,  p.  87-247.  ill.)  Tarns,  W.  H.  T.— The  classification 
of  varieties  and  the  application  of  the  terms  in  present  use. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEW.-  123 

(21,  xxxix,  p.  25-26.)  Tillyard,  R.  J.— The  principles  of 
biological  control  in  economic  entomology.  (  Xature.  cxix. 
p.  202-205.)  Trouvelot,  B.— Recherches  de  biologic 'appli- 
qtiee  sur  la  teigne  des  pommes  de  terre  &  ses  parasites. 
Etude  des  conditions  de  pullatiori  des  insectes.  (114,  x.  p.  1- 
132,  ill..  1924.)  Turner,  H.  J.— Xotes  on  nomenclature. 
(21,  xxxix,  p.  11.)  Turner,  H.  J. — Nomenclature.  (21, 
xxxix,  p.  30.)  Warren,  B.  C.  S.— Suggestions  on  nomen- 
clature. (21,  xxxix,  p.  20-22.)  Wheeler,  G.— Xote  on  varie- 
tal nomenclature.  (21,  xxxix,  p.  27-28.)  Wightman,  A.  J.- 
Notes  on  nomenclature.  (21,  xxxix.  p.  26-27.) 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Agar,  W.  E.— The 

regulation  of  behaviour  in  water-mites  and  some  other 
arthropods.  (Jour.  Comp.  Psych.,  vii,  p.  39-74.)  Campbell, 
F.  L. — 'Notes  on  silkworm  nutrition.  (12,  xx,  p.  88-90.) 
Dubois,  R. — La  torpeur  nymphale  et  1'autonarcose  car- 
bonique.  A  propos  d'une  note  de  P.  Portier  et  de  Mille  de 
Rorthays  sur  "La  composition  chemique  de  1'atmosphere 
interne  des  cocons  de  Bombyx  mori."  (77,  xcvi,  p.  263-265.) 
Handlirsch,  A. — Handbuch  der  zoologie.  Insecta.  Bd.  4. 
Lief.  4,  p.  403-448,  ill.  Harrison,  J.  W.  H.— Experiments 
on  the  egg-laying  instincts  of  the  saw-fly.  Pontania  salicis, 
and  their  bearing  on  the  inheritance  of  acquired  characters, 
.  .  .  (Proc.  Roy.  Soc.,  London,  Biol.  Sci.,  (B),  ci,  p.  115- 
126.)  Huxley,  J.  S. — Discontinuous  variation  and  heter- 
ogony  in  Forficula.  (Jour.  Genet.,  London,  xvii,  p.  309-327, 
ill.)  Levy,  R. — Intoxication  de  Tecrevisse  par  les  venins 
de  deux  myriapodes  chilopodes.  Lithobius  forficatus  et 
Cryptops  anomalans,  p.  256-257.  Action  antitoxique  du 
sang  de  Lithobius  forficatus  vis-a-vis  du  venin  de  la  meme 
espece  et  vis-a-vis  du  venin  de  Cryptops  anomalans.  p.  258- 
259.  (77,  xcvi.)  Mavor,  J.  W. — A  comparison  of  the  sus- 
ceptibility to  X-rays  of  Drosophila  melanogaster  at  various 
stages  of  its  life-cycle.  ( 133,  xlvii.  ]>.  63-83. )  Mohr,  O.  L.— 
The  second  chromosome  recessive  hook  bristles  in  Droso- 
phila melanogaster.  (Hereditas,  Lund,  ix,  p.  169-179.) 
Rostand,  J. — Sur  la  greffe  cephalique  chez  les  insectes. 
(25,  1926,  p.  237-238.)  Smirnov  u.  Zhelochovtsev.— Eirnvir- 
kung  der  nahrungsmenge  auf  die  merkmale  von  Drosophila 
funebris.  (154,  Ixx,  p.  58-64,  ill.)  Teodoro,  G. — Un  metodo 
rapido  e  semplice  per  mettere  in  evidenxa  il  secreto  serico 
nel  dotto  escretore  del  seritterio.  (27,  lix,  2-4,  ill.)  Timo- 
feeff-Ressovsky,  H.  A.  u.  N.  W. — Genetische  analyse  einc-r 
freilebenden  Drosophila  melanogaster  population.  (127,  cix, 


124  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS  [Apr. ,'27 

p.  70-109,  ill.)  Vignon,  P. — Sur  la  nervation  primitive  de 
1'aile  des  insectes  et  sur  les  changements  que  les  orthopteres 
ont  apportes  an  plan  originel.  (69,  clxxxiv,  p.  234-236,  ill.) 
Weber,  H. — Das  problem  der  gliederung-  des  insektentho- 
rax.  Die  stigmenstellung.  (154,  Ixix,  p.  311-332,  ill.) 
Weed,  A. — Metamorphosis  and  Reproduction  in  apterous 
forms  of  Myzus  persicae,  as  influenced  by  temperature  and 
humidity.  (12,  xx,  p.  150-157,  ill.) 

ARACHNIDA   AND    MYRIOPODA.— Baerg,   W.   J.— 

Tarantulas  as  pets.  (Nature  Mag.,  Mar.  1927,  p.  173-176. 
ill.)  Brazil  e  Vellard. — Contribuicao  ao  estudo  do  veneno 
das  aranhas,  2d  Mem.  (Mem.  Inst.  Butantan,  Sao  Paulo, 
iii,  p.  243-299,  ill.)  Emerton,  J.  H.— Spiders.  (Bull.  Boston 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  no.  42,  p.  3-8,  ill.)  Giltay,  L. — La  tneta- 
merisation  du  sternum  des  araignees.  (33,  Ixvi,  p.  322-324, 
ill.)  Hiley,  H.  H. — Development  of  the  male  gonopods 
and  life  history  studies  of  a  polydesmid  millipede.  (130, 
xxvii,  p.  25-43,  ill.)  Kastner,  A. — Der  bau  des  weberknech- 
tes.  (Mikro.  fur  Naturf.,  Berlin,  v,  p.  41-44,  ill.) 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Kling- 
stedt,  H. — Beobachtungen  iiber  die  biologic,  insbesondere 
das  eierlegen  von  Limnophilus  decipiens  (Trich.)  (51,  vi, 
p.  118-120.)  Vignon,  P. — Sur  les  origines  ancestrales  des 
libellules.  (69,  clxxxiv,  p.  301-303,  ill.) 

(N1)  *Ewing,  H.  E. — Descriptions  of  new  gen.  and  sps. 
of  Mallophaga,  together  with  keys  to  some  related  genera 
of  Menoponidae  and  Philopteridae.  (Jour.  Wash.  Ac.  Sc., 
xvii,  p.  86-96.)  *McDunnough,  J.— A  new  Ephemerella 
from  Illinois  (Ephemeroptera).  (4,  lix,  p.  10.)  *Needham, 
J.  G. — A  baetine  mayfly  nymph  with  tusked  mandibles. 
(4,  lix,  p.  44-47  ill.)  '*Watson,  J.  R.— New  Thysanoptera 
from  Florida.  (39,  x,  p.  60-62.) 

(S)  *Navas,  R.  P.  L. — Neue  insekten  (Neuropt.).  (11, 
1926,  p.  428-431,  ill.)  *  Watson,  J.  R.— A  new  Liothrips 
from  Santo  Domingo.  (39,  x.  p.  59-60.) 

ORTHOPTERA. — Chopard,  L. — Sur  1'existence  de  tym- 
pans  femoraux  chez  certains  Gryliides.  (25,  1926,  p.  202,  ill.) 
Hood,  J.  D. — Gryllus  domesticus,  as  a  household  pest  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y.  (Gryllidae).  (10,  xxix,  p.  22-23.) 

HEMIPTERA. — Ekblom,  T.— Morphological  and  bio- 
logical studies  of  the  Swedish  families  of  Hemiptera- 
Heteroptera.  (Zool.  Bidrag,  Uppsala,  x,  p.  31-179,  ill.) 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  125 

Knight,  H.  H. — Notes  on  the  distribution  and  host  plants 
of  some  North  American  Miridae.  (4,  lix,  p.  34-44.)  Mal- 
lach,  N. — Bemerkungen  zur  lebensweise  von  Aphelocheirus 
montandoni  (Naucor.).  (11,  1926,  p.  426-427,  ill.)  Snod- 
grass,  R.  E. — The  head  and  mouth  parts  of  the  Cicada. 
(10,  xxix,  p.  1-16,  ill.) 

(N)  *Beamer,  R.  H. — New  species  of  Erythroneura 
(Cicadellidae).  (4,  lix,  p.  30-31.)  Hottes,  F.  C.— A  note 
concerning-  the  date  of  publication  of  two  aphid  genera. 
(Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  xl,  p.  47-48.)  *Knight,  H.  H.- 
Descriptions  of  twelve  n.  sps.  of  Miridae  from  the  Dist.  of 
Columbia  and  vicinity.  (Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  AX'a^h..  xl,  p.  9-18.) 
Morrison,  H. — An  apparently  new  sugar-cane  mealybug. 
(113,  xxxiii,  757-759  pp.,  ill.)"  Tissot,  A.  N.— The  identity 
of  the  new  citrus  aphid,  Aphis  spiraecola.  (39,  x,  p.  56-57.) 
Vayssiere,  P. — Contribution  a  1'etucle  biologi(|iie  et  system- 
atique  des  Coccidae.  (114,  xii,  p.  197-382,  ill.) 

(S)  *Larrousse,  F. — Etude  biologique  et  systematique 
clu  genre  Rhodnius  (  Reduvidae).  (Ann.  de  Parasitalogie 
Hum.  et  Comp.,  v,  p.  63-88,  ill.) 

LEPIDOPTERA. — Crowell,  M.  F.— The  European  corn 
borer.  The  relation  of  the  larv?e  to  submergence.  (New 
Ham.  Agric.  Expe.  Sta.  Techn.  Bull.  30,  19  pp..  ill.)  Gold- 
schmidt  u.  Fischer.  Erblicher  gynandromorphismus  bei 
schmetterlingen.  (127,  cix,  p.  1-13,  ill.)  Goldschmidt  u. 
Katsuki.  Erblicher  gynandromorphismus  und  somatische 
mosaikbildung  bei  Bombyx  mori.  (107,  xlvii,  p.  45-54,  ill.) 
Harrison,  J.  W.  H. — Melanism  in  the  lepidoptera  and  its 
evolutionary  significance.  (Nature,  London,  cxix.  p.  318.) 
Hayward,  K.  J. — Miscellaneous  note^  from  Argentina.  (21, 
xxxix,  p.  18-20.)  Mac  Andrews,  A.  H. — Biological  notes  on 
Zeiraphera  fortunana  and  Ratzeburgiana  (Eucosmidae). 
(4,  lix,  p.  27-29.)  Muller-Rutz,  J. — Weitere  genitalunter- 
suchungen  an  kleinschmetterling-en.  (41,  xiii,  p.  477-479.) 
Reub,  T. — Ueber  funktion  der  Sexualarmaturen  bei  lepi- 
dopteren  (Rhop.)  und  die  resultierende  weiterentwicklung 
meines  versuchten  natiirlichen  systems  der  Dryadinae.  (11, 
1926,  p.  431-440,  ill.)  Stearns,  L.  A.— The  hibernation 
quarters  of  Laspeyresia  molesta.  (12,  xx,  ]).  185-190,  ill.) 
Strand,  E. — Catalogue  des  microlepidopteres,  que  j'ai 
decrits  jusqtfa  1'annee  1926.  (18,  xx.  p.  371.)  Strand,  E.- 
Liste  des  rhopaloceres  et  grypoceres  exotiques  decrits  dans 


126  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

mes  travaux  jusqu'en  1926.  (Bui.  Soc.  Zool.,  France,  li, 
p.  397-418.)  Volker,  U. — Mitteilungen  ueber  das  aufsuchen 
der  raupen  von  fiir  die  jenaer  kalkberge  charakteristischen 
noctuiden.  (18,  xx,  p.  378-384.) 

(N)  *Barnes  &  Benjamin. — Notes  and  new  species.  (4, 
lix,  p.  4-10.)  *Bottimer,  L.  J. — Notes  on  some  lepidoptera 
from  eastern  Texas.  (Jour.  Agric.  Res.  xxxiii.  p.  797-819, 
ill.)  Die  Gross-Schmetterlinge  der  Erde. — Fauna  Ameri- 
cana. Lief.  179,  180.  Vol.  vii.  p.  181-204.  Von  M.  Draudt. 
*McDunnough,  J. — TXvo  new  Canadian  tortricids.  (4,  lix, 
p.  33-34.  ill.) 

(S)  *Boy,  H.  C. — Fine  neue  Agrias-form.  ( 18,  xx,  p. 
344.)  *Pic,  M. — Trois  heteromeres  nouveaux.  (25,  1926. 
p.  203-204.)  Schade,  F. — Entomologische  skizzen  aus  Para- 
guay. Ceratocampiden.  (17,  xliv.  p.  4.)  *Stichel,  H.— 
Vorarbeiten  zu  einer  Revision  der  Riodinidae  (Erycinidae). 
(11,  1926,  p.  385-400.) 

DIPTERA.— Chittenden.  F.  H— Tritoxa  flexa,  the  black 
onion  fly  (Ortalidae).  (4,  lix,  p.  1-4,  ill.)  Curran,  C.  H.- 
Note  on  the  identity  of  Conops  brachyrhynchus.  (4,  lix, 
p.  32.)  Greene,  C.  T. — The  larva  and  puparium  of  Oedema- 
tocera  dampfi.  (10,  xxix,  p.  18-19,  ill.)  Jancke,  O. — Ueber 
die  brutpflege  einiger  malakostraken.  (Arch.  f.  Hydrob., 
Stuttgart,  xvii,  p.  678-698.  ill.)  Johnson,  C.  W.— The  infes- 
tation of  bluebirds'  nests  by  Protocalliphora.  (Bull.  North- 
east. Bird-Band  Assoc.  iii,  p.  1-3.)  Lundblad,  O.  Zur 
kenntnis  der  flohe.  (154,  Ixx,  p.  7-26,  ill.)  O'Kane,  W.  C.- 
Black  flies  in  New  Hampshire.  (New  Ham.  Agric.  Exper. 
Sta.  Tech.  Bull.  32,  23  pp..  ill.)  Mercier  et  Villeneuve.- 
Les  muscles  gubernateurs  de  la  lunule  chez  Eristalis  tenax. 
Dimorphisme  sexual.  (69,  clxxxiv,  p.  299-301,  ill.)  Pavlov- 
ski  j,  E. — Zur  vergleichenden  anatomic  des  mannlichen 
geschlechtsapparats  der  flohe.  fin  Russian]  (Revue  Russe 
Ent.  xx,  p.  5-15,  ill.)  Rogers,  J.  S. — Notes  on  the  biology 
of  Atarba  picticornis.  (Tipulidae.)  (39,  x,  p.  49-52.  ill.) 
Roubaud  et  Colas-Belcour. — Action  des  diastases  dans  le 
determinisme  d'eclosion  de  1'oeuf  chez  le  moustiques  de  la 
fievre  jaune  (Stegomyia  fasciata).  (69,  clxxxiv,  p.  248-249.) 

(N)  Aldrich,  J.  M. — Notes  on  the  dixiid  genera  Cordyli- 
gaster  and  Eucordyligaster.  (Jour.  Wash.  Ac.  Sci.,  xvii. 
p.  84-86.)  *  Alexander,  C.  P.— The  crane-flies  (Tipulidae) 
of  New  England:  Second  Supplementary  list.  (151,  v,  223- 
231  pp.)  *Curran,  C.  H.— The  species  of  the  Tachinid 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  127 

genera  related  to  Lydella,  as  represented  in  the  Canadian 
national  collection.  (4,  lix,  p.  11-25.)  :1:Curran,  C.  H.—  \ 
new  species  of  Mallochiella  (  Alilichiidac  ).  (4.  lix,  p.  49-50.) 
Shannon,  R.  C. — Note1-  on  and  descriptions  of  s\  rphid-tli--  - 
of  the  subfamily  Cerioidinae.  <  lour.  \\'ash.  Ac.  Aci..  xvii. 
p.  38-53.)  Twinn,  C.  R.— Mosquitoes  from  Baffin  Land. 
(4,  lix.  p.  47-49,  ill.) 

(S)  *Aldrich,  J.  M. — A  ne\v  spccio  of  Oedematocera 
reared  from  the  tropical  migratory  locust.  (10,  xxix.  p. 
17-18.)  *Hermann,  F. — Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  Asiliden. 
Der  verwandtschaftskreis  des  gen.  Holcocephala.  (125, 
Ixxiv  and  Ixxv,  p.  153-191,  ill.) 

COLEOPTERA.— Bott,  R.— Die  IHuMi^rschichte  von 
Gyrinus  natator.  (18,  xx,  p.  361-367,  ill.)  Kolbe,  H. — Zur 
morphologic  der  arten  von  Cerapterus,  einer  gattung  der 
coleopterenfamilie  des  Paussiden.  (11,  1926,  p.  369-384.) 
Lesne,  P. — Ouelques  particularites  biologiques  des  Gas- 
troidea  (Chrysomelidae).  (59,  (B)  Col.  ii.  p.  95-96.) 
Plavilstshikov,  N.  N. — Addenda  et  corrigenda  concernant 
le  Coleopterorum  Catalogus,  parties  73  et  74  (Lamiinae). 
(59,  (B)  Col.  ii,  p.  49-68.)  Urban,  C.— Ueber  die  Olibrus- 
larve  (Phalacr.)  (11,  1926,  p.  401-412,  ill.) 

(N)  Heller,  K.  M. — Bestimmungsschlussel  aussereurop- 
aischer  kafer :  Calandrini  spurii  (Laogenia  etc.)  und  ver- 
wandte.  (131,  xxii,  p.  180-187,  ill.)  *Horn,  W.— Ueber  die 
cicindelinen  vom  mexikanischen  californien :  Ueber  den 
ersten  cicindelen-bastard :  Ueber  historische  exemplare  der 
Motschnlsky'schen  sammlung.  (131,  xxii,  p.  169-173.) 
Kleine,  R. — Bestimmungstabelle  der  Brenthidae.  (14,  xxxx, 
p.  341-344.) 

(S)  *Fisher,  W.  S. — A  new  ccrambycid  beetle  from 
Colombia  and  Central  America.  (10,  xxix.  p.  23-24.) 

HYMENOPTERA.— Brocher,  F.— Observations  sur  le 
Perithous  mediator.  Etude  anatomique  de  la  tariere,  de 
ses  muscles  et  de  son  fonctionnement.  (24,  xcv,  p.  391- 
410,  ill.)  Compere  &  Smith.  Notes  on  the  life-history  of 
two  oriental  chalcidiid  parasites  of  Chrysomphalus.  (Univ. 
Cal.  Pub.  Ent,  iv,  p.  63-73.  ill.)  Prison,  T.  H.— The  distri- 
bution of  Bremus  kincaidii.  (P)remidae).  (4,  lix,  p.  ?.) 
Hayes,  W.  P. — Another  host  of  Pristocera  armifera  CBethy- 
lidae.)  (10,  xxix,  p.  20-22.)  Voukassovitch,  P.— Observa- 
tions biologiques  sur  la  Macrocentrus  abdominalis,  bra- 
conide  parasite.  (77,  xcvi,  p.  379-381.) 


128  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,  '27 

OBITUARY. 

I  have  received  a  letter  from  Mrs.  Bezzi,  announcing  the 
death  of  her  husband,  Professor  MARIO  BEZZI,  which  occurred 
suddenly  on  January  14,  1927.  He  was  about  59  years  old. 
This  is  a  great  loss  to  D'ipterology,  especially  as  in  his  new 
position  he  expected  to  be  able  to  do  more  than  ever  on  the 
subject.  J.  M.  ALDRICH,  United  States  National  Museum. 


The  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society  for 
December,  1926,  contains  an  announcement  of  the  death  of 
Mrs.  ANNIE  TRUM;BULL  SLOSSON,  on  October  4,  1926,  at  her 
home,  26  Gramercy  Park,  New  York  City,  followed  by  an 
appreciation  of  her  work,  entomological  and  otherwise,  by 
William  T.  Davis.  If  Dr.  Henry  Skinner  were  alive,  he,  better 
than  anyone  else  connected  with  the  NEWS,  could  have  ex- 
pressed our  regrets  at  the  passing  of  Mrs.  Slosson,  just  as  he 
paid  tribute  to  her  living  as  "A  Loved  and  Respected  Ento- 
mologist," in  our  number  for  December,  1919.  But  Dr.  Skinner 
crossed  over  before  Mrs.  Slosson  and  it  devolves  upon  us  to 
say  that  we  too  were  helped  by  her  collections  and  the  free 
use  of  her  material  and  were  cheered  and  amused  by  her 
breezy  letters.  Here  are  a  few  sentences  from  one  dated 
"February  28,  '21,"  after  a  long  gap  in  our  correspondence: 
"I  recognized  the  old  familiar  handwriting  at  once !  I  am  very 
well  now — for  an  old  woman.  Alas,  my  one  dilatatus  is  of 
the  inferior  sex,  a  male,  poor  thing.  And  it  is  labelled  simply 
'Florida.1  But  I  think  you  may  be  right  about  its  being  taken  at 
Sfuwanee]  Springs,  for  I  usually  labelled  my  Ch[arlotte]  Har- 
bor finds  more  definitely.  We  shall  never  know !  It  is  good 

to  hear  from  you  again has  gone  and 

got  engaged,  infant  that  he  seems  to  me.  You  will  be  surprised 
to  hear  that  his  choice  is  the  'loveliest  creature  ever  made.'  Ah, 
what  it  is  to  be  young  and  have  dreams." 

It  so  happens  that  the  same  number  of  the  Journal  (page 
370)  mentions  the  receipt  by  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History  of  Mrs.  Slosson's  collection  about  November,  1925. 

P.  P.  CALVERT. 


MAY,  1927 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVIII  No.  5 


•r: 

MAY 


JAMES  H.  B.  BLAND, 

1833-1911 


CONTENTS 

Gunder— New   Transition    Forms  or    "abs"   and   their  Classification 

(Lepid.,  Rhopalocera.) HH. 

Blatchley— Some  New  Species  of  Coleoptera  from  Indiana  and  Florida  13ii 

Entomological  Scrap-books  of  Dr.  C.  V.  Riley 144 

Howard — Concerning  Phoresy  in  Insects 145 

Rehn — A   New   Generic   Name    for   Enkrates    of    Burr    (Dermaptera : 

Chelisochidae)    .  14,s 

Fletcher— Undescribed  Pselaphidae  Collected  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Bradley  in 

Panama  (Coleoptera) 14;i 

Frost— Beneficial  Insects  Trapped  in  Bait-pails l.xi 

Rohwer — Should  Insect  Collections  be  Passed  on  to  Individuals  ?  .    .    .  157 

Entomological  Expedition  in  Patagonia 15,s 

Tov     send — Prodiaphania,  New  Name  for  Diaphania  Macquart  (1843) 

Preoccupied  (Dipt.,  Muscoidea) 15!' 

Entomological  Literature 15:t 

Review— Revista  Chilena  de  Historia  Natural.  .  K',4 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIIi. 


Plate  II. 


NEW     RHOPALOCERA-GUNDER. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XXXVIII  MAY,   1927  No.  5 


New  Transition  Forms  or  "abs"  and  their  Classifica- 
tion (Lepid.,  Rhopalocera). 

L!y  J.   1).  (irxiiKK,   1'asadena,  C'ali  fornia. 
(\\'it'i    Plate   i  I  ) 

With  icferuice  to  classification  of  Lepid«  ptc  a  in  America,  1 
I  elieve  we  consider  a  species  as  a  pi  imc  group  ol  individuals 
reproducing  their  own  in  kind.  When  a  segregated  nearby 
group  or  a  separate  far-away  group  is  di<covere  1  whose  in- 
dividuals are  constantly  similar  to.  yel  consistently  atypical  of.  a 
prenamed  group,  we  term  this  newer  colon  v  a  race.  The  \\o  d  i 
race,  variety  and  perhaps  subside-  seem  to  be  identical.  <  )uv 
modern  check  lists  have  shunned  the  old  phrase  subspecies: 
variety  is  somewhat  vernacular  and  used  too  often  in  the  popular 
collecting  sense  of  signiling  anything  different,  whik-  race  is 
definitely  conclusive  and  self-explanatory,  hence  it  has  a  moiv 
justifiable  acceptance  for  scientific  record  and  parlance.  If 
existing  along  with  and  bred  within  a  species  or  w'thin  a  race, 
are  found  frequently  and  continually,  deviating  ind'.vidu  il 
which  are,  as  a  rule,  practically  counterparts  of  one  another, 
tlun  thesj  kinds  are  called  forms,  b'orms  may  be  se:;:on:;l. 
sexual  and  I  might  say.  evohitionally  fixed.  Individuals  which 
occur  irregularly  within  a  species  or  within  a  race  and  which  by 
change  of  color  or  by  change  of  pattern  graduate  with  persist- 
ent characteristic  similaritv  from  mar  parental  ty|  e  tip  to  deli- 
niteK  limited  variation  away  from  the  parental  type  are  called 
transition  forms,  or  are  more  generally  known  as  "aberration 
or  "abs." 

The  word  "aberration"  and  its  slang  concept  "sport"  have 
always  seemed  to  me  to  be  early  entomological  misnomers. 
Their  position  in  the  classification  of  Lepidoptera  is  certainly 
not  generally  understood  and  their  continued  long  usage,  in 

place  of  the  phrase  "transition  form,"  has  l>d  some  collectors  to 

129 


130  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '27 

the  belief  that  such  specimens  are  like,  "freaks"  of  a  "never- 
to-occur-again"  type;  whereas,  "freaks"  have  a  very  different 
and  definite  status  compared  to  transition  forms.     "Freaks"  are 
rarely  occurring  malformed  specimens  which  depart  in  some 
striking   manner    from    their    co-constituents    due    to    harmful 
external  agencies.     For  example,  "freaks"  are  such  specimens 
as:     dwarfs      (C\'ii.     cardui     minor     Ckll. )  ;     venation     mal- 
formations   (Dryas  cybclc   bartschi   Reiff.   and   Dryas   coronis 
baroni  Edw. )  ;  chrysalis  burns  (see  note  under  No.  11  specimen 
described  herewith  )  ;  monstrosities  and  all  other  ill  formations 
due  to  a  host  of  unusual  causes.    Such  specimens  should  not  be 
named  and  have  no  place  except  it  may  be  in  the  synonymy  of 
their  kind  for  record.     Perhaps  some  day  a  "butterfly  medical 
book"  will  appear  to  cure  all  ails   for  the  little  dears,   so  at 
that  remote  time,  a  classification  of  "freaks"  will  be  in  order!! 
Regarding  hybrids  it  has  been  the  custom  to  give  names  desig- 
nating the  different  states  of  relationship  in  successive  genera- 
tions by  graphically  and  numerically  demonstrating  the  rela- 
tionship of  two  parental  lines.     The  scientific  value  of  these 
records,  made  mostly  among  moths,  remain  to  be  seen,  as  more 
has  been  done  in  Europe  that  in  America  with  these  experi- 
ments.    Very  few  hybrids  exist  by  name  in  our  catalogues  of 
diurnals  and  these  will  probably  be  left  in  stutii  quo  for  some 
time  to  come. 

Transition  forms  or  "abs."  are  of  great  biological  significance. 
By  the  frequency  of  their  appearence,  one  genus  may  be  said  to 
be  in  a  more  rapid  state  of  evolutionary  change  than  another. 
By  the  aberrant  design  or  the  cycle  of  their  color  transition,  one 
may  foretell  what  their  future  witholds  or  what  their  past  has 
hitherto  left  unveiled.  Work  on  these  forms  can  hardly  be 
said  to  have  commenced  and  the  real  need  at  the  present  time  is 
to  classify  them  into  like  groups.  This  would  save  a  piling  up 
of  names  in  the  future,  fix  present  types,  and  at  the  same  time 
form  a  basis  of  real  indentification. 

Regarding  "ab."  names.  At  the  present  time  they  are  named 
by  their  degree  of  aberrancy;  for  example,  if  one  row  of  spots 
on  a  specimen  was  absent,  that  individual  received  a  name;  if 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  131 

two  rows  were  absent  on  another  like  specimen,  it  also  was 
given  a  name;  if  all  the  rows  of  spots  were  gone  on  a  third 
specimen,  that  too  was  given  a  title.  It  is  easy  to  see  that  all 
these  specimens  should  be  listed  under  innnaculisin,  for  they 
all  vary  in  a  like  manner,  only  in  different  amounts,  by  degrees. 
Demonstrating  my  contention  still  further:  if  a  -peciir.en  wa 
partly  black-shaded,  on  either  wings,  it  received  a  name:  if  the 
upper  wings  only  were  all  black  on  another,  it  got  a  name:  if 
the  lower  wings  only  on  still  another  were  all  black,  it  too  was 
christened;  and  if  again  still  another  like  specimen  was  found 
which  was  black  all  over,  it  was  thought  quite  right  to  give  it  a 
special  designation.  Hut  all  these  specimens  should  fall  under 
one  heading,  to  wit:  melanifusism,  and  the  name  of  the  first 
named  specimen,  regardless  of  its  degree  of  aberrancy,  should, 
by  right  of  nomenclatorial  priority,  represent  this  grade  of 
transition  forms,  with  all  other  names  following  in  its  synon- 
ymy. The  Nymphalinae  group  show  many  "abs."  listed  and 
under  proper  classification  these  names  will  have  to  be  de:di 
with  in  the  future  something  like  the  following  Euph\dr\\is 
species,  to  wit : 

Present  Listing— 

EUPHYDRYAS 

No.  204  chalcedona  (Dbldy.  &  Hew.) 
ab.   fusimacula   (  Barnes  } 

i/nin.leli  (  Cool,  i 
ab.  lorquini   (  Oberth.) 

suprafusa  Comst. 
ab.  supranigrella  Coins/, 
ab.  fusisecunda  Coinst. 
ab.  hemimelanica  Comst. 
ab.   mariana    (  Barnes  ) 
ab.   omniluteofusca  (i under 
ab.  hemiluteofusca  C under 

1'iditre  Listing 

EUPHYDRYAS 

No.  204  chalcedona  (Dbldy.  &  Hew.) 
ir.   fonn   omniluteofusca   Guilder 
hciiiilitteofusea  Gunder 


132  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May, '27 

tr.  form  fusimacula  (Barnes) 

lorqitini  (  Oberth.  ) 

grundcli   ( Cool. ) 

suprafusa  Comst. 

fusisecnnda   Comst. 
tr.  form  mariana  (Barnes) 

supranigrella  Comst. 

hemimelanica  Comst. 

I  find  that  all  transition  forms  definitely  divide  into  two  general 
divisions,  those  which  have  "Change  of  color"  and  those  which 
have  "Change  of  pattern."  There  must  have  been  "color" 
before  "pattern,"  so  I  place  it  first,  and  arrange  the  sequence 
of  order  beginning  with  black  in  one  and  ending  with  black  in 
the  other.  Thus : 

1.  melanism  (to  black) 

Change  of  color—        2.  chromatism  (to  any  spectrum  color) 

(pigmental)  3.  albinism  (to  white) 

4.  pellucidism  (to  no  color,  iridescent) 

5.  immaculism  (lacking  design) 
PI                                    6.  Albifusism  (ivhitc  radiation) 

7.  chromatifusism  (color  radiation) 

8.  melanifusism   (black  radiation) 

The  fact  of  color  is  the  main  thought  to  be  kept  in  mind  in 
an  "ab."  classification  scale.  Insects  at  the  equator  have  prac- 
tically acquired  all  the  pigmental  spectrum  colors,  while  those 
in  our  temperate  zone  are  either  losing  or  gaining  their  share ; 
so  color  change  is  a  relatively  frequent  phenomenon  among 
our  American  diurnals,  as  is  maculation  change,  though  it  is 
less  generally  understood,  there  being  so  many  hereditary  com- 
plications. I  have  before  me  upper  and  under  side  photographs 
of  95%  of  the  listed  American  "ab."  types  and  I  find  they  all 
fit  easily  into  the  above  classification.  No  one  species  on  earth 
at  the  present  time  can  have  representatives  in  all  eight  of  the 
above  divisions ;  even  our  most  aberrant  and  commonly  col- 
lected species  among  the  Euphydryas  can  have  at  the  most  only 
three  of  four,  possibly  five,  representatives  in  the  cardinal 
grades.  Each  genus  varies  in  this  regard. 


XXXviii,  '2/1  EXTOMOLM<;iCAL     \K\VS 

The  numbers  of  the  ti-ures  on  Plate  II  correspond  to  the 
numbers  placed  in  front  of  tbe  species  in  tbe  text.  Tbe  size 
of  all  tbe  specimens  on  tbe  plate  Ins  been  slightly  reduced.  I  have 
adopted  the  abbreviation  tr.  form,  for  transition  form,  in 
place  of  "ah."  not  only  for  all  tbe  above  given  reasons,  but 
because  it  gives  to  these  new  specimens  and  their  predeces- 
sors an  entomological  rating  more  in  accord  with  their  true 
position;  a  rank  by  name.-  which  they  have  not  held  heretofore. 

1.  Lycaena  editha   Mead   (fig.   la,  ?),  vanduzeei  ?  nov.  tr. 

form  (  fig.  1  ) . 

(rf>f>cr  side.  Primaries:  normal,  except  for  total  absence 
of  submarginal  row  of  round  black  spots.  Secondaries:  as 
in  primaries,  this  submarginal  row  is  lacking  except  for  a 
remnant  or  spot  of  reduced  size  opposite  cell. 

Under  side.     Normal.     Maculation  unchanged. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  immaculism ;  well  de- 
veloped degree. 

Ihilu:  llo'otype  ?;  ex].an:  e  oOir.m.  ;  Deer  Paik.  Placer 
County,  C'a'.i  fornia  ;  T\  ]  e  in  coll.  of  the  Calif.  Acad.  of  Sci- 
ence, San  Francisco,  Cal'f.  Xam.d  in  honor  of  K.  P.  Van 
D'uzee.  San  Francisco. 

2.  Cynthia    virginiensis    I)ru..    simmsi    9    nov.    tr.    form 

(fig.  2). 

This  specimen  is  a  parallel  of  Cvn.  curditi.  tr.  form  clvini 
Ramb.  (half-tig.  2a )  and  of  Cyn.  en  rye.  tr.  form  tnuelleri 
Letch,  (half-tig.  2b  |  in  that  the  region  on  both  upper  and 
under  sides  of  the  primaries  near  the  costal  margin  from  the 
cell  is  dark  with  apical  white  spots  fused  inward  and  the  lower 
half  of  the  wing  above  tbe  inner  margin  is  a  clear,  normal, 
red-brown  color  and  free  of  the  u.^ual  black  designs.  The  veins 
of  the  upper  side  secondaries  are  more  heavily  darkened,  es- 
pecially through  tbe  limbal  area;  the  round  colored  spotting 
is  somewhat  blurred  ;  and  the  lines  adjacent  to  the  outer  margin 
indistinct  or  lacking.  (  )n  the  under  side  of  the  secondaries 
the  ground  color  of  the  basal  and  discal  areas  is  entirely  black- 
ish with  only  the  white  \vins  showing,  very  little  of  the  com- 
plicated lattis-work  designs  in  evidence:  the  two  round  spots 
are  normal,  perhaps  .-omewhat  blurred:  tbe  line-  parallel  and 
near  to  the  outer  margin  absent  or  blended. 


134  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May,  '27 

Classification;  Transition  form;  melanifusism  ;  degree  very 
near  final. 

Data:  Holotype  ?;  expanse  52-f-mm. ;  Montreal,  Canada, 
Sept.  12,  1913,  (H.  M.  Simms);  in  coll.  of  II.  M.  &  F.  H. 
Simms,  Stourbridge,  Wor.,  England,  to  be  donated  as  a  gift 
to  the  British  Museum,  London,  as  its  permanent  future  de- 
pository. One  paratype  $,  (a  lesser  degree  of  melanifusism}  ; 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  1898;  in  coll.  of  Am.  Mus.  of  Nat. 
Hist.,  X.  Y.  Named  for  Mr.  Harold  M.  and  F.  H.  Simms, 
Stourbridge,  Wor.,  England. 

Note:  The  holotype  specimen  was  mentioned,  but  unnamed, 
by  Mr.  H.  M.  Simms  in  the  Ent.  News,  Vol.  XXV,  p.  33,  1914. 

3.  Euphydras  chalcedona  D.  &   H.,  race  olancha  Wright 

(fig.  3a,  ?),  malcolmi  ?  nov.  tr.  form   (fig.  3). 

Rows  of  white  spots  on  both  primaries  and  secondaries  of 
both  wings  elongated  and  fused  or  run-together  through  their 
respective  interspaces,  especially  in  the  discal  areas.  Similar, 
for  example,  to  Euphy.  phaeton,  tr.  form  supcrba  Stkr.  or 
Euphy.  chalcedona,  tr.  form  fusimacula  Barnes,  only  in  a  less 
aberrant  degree. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  albifusism;  semi-final  de- 
gree. 

Data:  Holotype  ?;  expanse  44mm.;  Casa  Diablo,  Mono 
County,  California,  June  22,  1925  ;  in  coll.  of  Author.  Named 
for  Mr.  Geo.  Malcolm,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

4.  Junonia  coenia  Him.,  wilhelmi  <$  nov.  tr.  form  (fig  4). 

Typical  specimens  generally  have  two  spots  or  ocelli  on 
the  upper  side  of  the  secondaries.  This  specimen  only  has 
one.  The  upper  spot  remains  while  the  lower  spot  has 
entirely  disappeared,  otherwise  the  specimen  is  normal  on 
both  sides. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  immaculism ;  typical  speci- 
mens are  so  constant  regarding  disappearance  of  spotting  (not 
irregular  spotting)  that  it  is  doubtful  if  a  much  further  degree 
of  immaculism  will  occur. 

Data:  Holotype  3 ;  expanse  44mm.;  Los  Angeles,  Cali- 
fornia, Sept.  15,  1910,  (Schrader);  in  coll.  of  Author.  A 
paratype  ?;  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  Oct.  15,  1913,  (Schrader); 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   \i-.\vs  U3 

in  coll.  of  Los  Angeles  Museum.  Los  Angeles.  Calif.;  this 
paratype  ?  is  well  illustrated  in  tin-  Hull.  So.  Calif.  Acad.  of 
Sci..  Sept. -Dec.  issue.  \9>(>.  j,l.  1,  fig.  9.  \amed  in  honor  of 
Mr.  \Yilhelm  Schrader  of  Los  Angeles  \vlio  has  been  experi- 
menting- with  the  Jnnonia  groii])  for  years. 

5.  Phyciodes  orseis  Ld\v..  edwardsi  ?  nov.  tr.  form  (tig.  3  i. 
Upper  side.      Discal   and  basal   areas  of  hoth   wings  melanic 

inward  from  snl;marginal  row  of  roundish  red-brown  spots 
(this  is  the  first  low  following  the  Innate  row  at  outer  mar- 
gin) ;  reddish  cell  spotting  slightly  in  evidence  through  this 
darkened  area. 

Under  side.  Normal,  except  for  slight  fusing  of  color 
through  inner-half  area  on  primaries. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  melanifusism  ;  semi-ad- 
vanced degree. 

Ihita:  Holotype  ?;  expanre  38mm.;  laheled  California,  no 
date  given;  in  coll.  of  \Ym.  Barnes,  L\vat:ir,  Illinois.  Named 
in  honor  of  \Y.  IL  Edwards. 

Note:  Normal  specimens  of  this  specie;,  together  with  this 
tr.  form  (unnsme'd)  are  shown  in  C'omstock's  "  llnttertlies  of 
California." 

6.  Euptoieta  claudia  Cram.,  dodgei  ?  nov.  tr.  form  (fig.  6). 

Upper  side.  Primaries:  cell  spots  enlarged  and  wholly 
black;  row  of  normally  lighter  colored  spots  through  center 
discal  area  become  row  of  corresponding  black  shaded  spots; 
lunate  row  and  lines  at  outer  margin  fusel  black  and  not 
clearly  cut.  Secondaries:  lines  at  outer  margin  which  nor- 
mallv  form  clear  cut  lunate  spots  become  broad,  forming- 
fused  row  of  softly  shaded  spots:  just  following  these,  an  area 
of  dark  fuscous  which  formerlv  comprised  the  position  of  the 
round  black  spots  of  normal  specimens;  all  spotting  of  inner- 
half  slightly  blurred. 

Under  side.  Primaries  espcciallv  correspond  with  the  change 
occurring  on  the  reverse  side,  in  having  the  cell  spots  entirely 
black  and  with  the  black  row  through  the-  discal  area.  The  mac- 
ulation  of  the  secondaries  is  slightly  blurred,  otherwise  normal. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  melanifusism:  of  a  suffi- 
ciently advanced  degree  to  show  the  tendencv  of  this  tvpe  \\ln-h 

.  I 

is  rare  for  such  a  constant  species. 


136  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May, '27 

Data:  Holotype  $;  expanse  60mm.;  near  Scribner,  Dodge 
County,  Nebraska,  July,  1885;  type  in  the  coll.  of  Mr.  E.  A. 
Dodge,  Santa  Ciuz,  Calif.,  who  at  a  later  date  may  deposit 
came  in  the  Acad.  Coll.  at  San  Francisco.  I  am  pleased  to 
name  this  specimen  in  honor  of  Mr.  Dodge  of  Santa  Cruz. 

7.  Lemonias   alma   Stkr.    (fig.   7a,   ?),   koebelei   9   nov.   tr. 

form   (fig.  7). 

Corresponds  precisely  with  Lcm.  fulrict,  tr.  form  sinefascia 
Wins,  in  lacking"  all  transverse  submarginal  black  lines  on  un- 
cle.' side  primaries  and  submarginal  black  spot-enclosing  band 
on  under  side  secondaries ;  however,  the  cell  and  basal  area 
maculation  remains  the  same  except  for  absence  of  heavy  black 
line  reaching  costal  margin  on  under  side  secondaries.  On  the 
upper  side  the  specimen  is  normal  except  for  a  slight  suppres- 
sion of  white  maculation  throughout  the  yellow-brown  color. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  immaculism;  degree  final 
as  in  Lcm.  Icanira,  form  obsolcta  Hy.  Edw.  for  example. 

Data:  Holotype  ?;  expanse  36mm.;  Argus  Mts.,  Inyo 
County,  California,  April,  1891  ;  in  Koebele  coll.  at  Acad.  of 
Sci.,  San  Francisco,  Calif.  Named  for  the  late  Mr.  Koebele 
of  San  Francisco. 

Note:-  Regarding  the  species,  it  is  to  be  remembered  that 
Leu:,  a',  ma  Stkr.  has  the  sub-basal  black  band,  whereas  Leiu. 
fit 'via  Edw.  is  without  this  maculation.  Their  aberrations 
therefore  differ  in  this  respect. 

8.  Euphydryas  bernadetta  Leuss.  (fig.  8a,  orig.  c?  paratype 

#9),  leussleri  J1  nov.  tr.  form  (fig.  8). 

Rows  of  whit^-  spots  on  both  primaries  and  secondaries  of 
both  wings  elongated  and  fused  or  run-together  through  their 
respect  ve  interspaces,  especially  in  the  discal  areas.  Similar, 
for  example  to  Euph.  phaeton,  tr.  form  superba  Stkr.  or  Enph. 
chalcedona,  tr.  foim  fuslmncnla  1'arnes,  only  in  a  less  aberrant 


cegree. 


Classification:  Transition  form;  albifusism  ;  semi-final  de- 
giee. 

Data:  Holotype  d ;  expanse  37mm.;  near  Harrison,  Sioux 
County,  Nebraska,  June  5,  1919;  in  coll.  of  Mr.  R.  A.  Leussler, 
( )maha,  Neb.  Named  in  honor  of  Mr.  Leussler  who  first 
discovered  this  species. 


XXXVlii,  '27]  EXToMol.o<;ir.\I.     NEWS  137 

9.  Dione  vanillae  L.,  race  insularis  Mayn.  (part-tig.  9a,  ?), 

fumosus  ?  nov.  tr.  form   (fig.  9). 

Occasionally  specimens  occur,  more  often  among  females, 
where  the  color  of  the  wings  is  a  decided  brown  instead  of  the 
normal  yellow  reddish-brown.  This  pigmental  change  of 
color  is  more  noticeable  on  the  primaries  and  outer-halt"  of 
secondaries;  the  inner-half  of  the  secondaries  along-  the 
costal  margin  retains  the  normal  shade  with  perhaps  a  more 
reddish  tint.  All  maculation  remains  unchanged. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  chromatism  (color  change 
from  red-brown  to  brown,  the  next  stage  of  which  would  lie  to 
black  ) . 

Data:  Holotype  ?;  expanse  77mm.  ;  Los  Angeles.  Los  Ange- 
les County,  California,  Sept.  15,  1910;  in  coll.  of  Author. 

Note:  Western  specimens  seem  to  have  this  color  change 
more  than  those  from  the  East.  S.itx  in  his  Am.  text  says 
£ome  So.  Am.  specimens  are  seasonal  forms  in  this  regard. 

10.  Danaus  menippe  11  l>n.   (cut-tig.   lOa,  ?),  americanus  ? 

nov.  tr.  form  (fig.  10). 

Upper  side.  Distinguished  from  typical  specimens  on  the 
primaries  by  having  the  veins  very  broadlv  black  practically 
enclosing  their  interspaces.  The  ground  color  of  both  wings 
is  a  more  yellow-brown,  instead  of  red-brown  and  on  the 
primaries  this  ground  color  is  darker,  being  shaded  over 
lightly  with  black  scaling.  On  the  secondaries,  the  ground 
color  is  generally  lighter  through  the  basal  area  and  adja- 
cent to  the  inner  margin. 

Under  side.  Ground  color  of  primaries  darker.  Macula- 
tion unchanged. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  melanifusism  ;  degree  evi- 
dently near  final,  paratypes  and  others  examined  I  eing  similar. 

Data:  Holotype  $;  expan-c  "./mm.;  Sunny  (lien  Ranch, 
Biewster  County,  Texas  (Poling),  July,  192(>;  in  coll.  of 
Author.  One  paratype  ?;  Evanston.  Illinois,  1905;  in  Cmn- 
stock  coll.  at  Los  Angeles  Museum,  Los  Angeles,  Calif,  (il- 
lustrated in  Butterflies  of  California,  pi.  17.  f.  ,\  but  errone- 
ously labeled  fumosus  Hist.)  One  paratype  ?;  Provo.  Ctah 
(Spalding),  July  26,  1909;  in  Barnes  coll..  Decatur,  Illinois. 


138  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '27 

One  paratype  ?;  Santa  Cruz,  Calif.,  Oct.  15,  1917;  in  coll.  of 
E.  A.  Dodge,  Santa  Cruz,  Calif.  The  Monarch  Butterfly  is 
a  native  of  North  America,  hence  the  appropriate  designation 
of  americanus. 

11.      (not    illustrated)      Danaus    menippe    Hbn.,    nivosus   c? 
nov.  tr.  form. 

The  ground  color  of  this  specimen  is  entirely  white  on  all 
surfaces,  no  red-brown  in  evidence.  The  macul'ation,  veining, 
etc.,  remain  unchanged  and  are  as  in  all  typical  specimens. 

Classification:    Transition  form  ;  albinism  ;  color  change  final. 

Data:  Holotype  <$ :  expanse  87mm.;  Jefferson  Barracks, 
Missouri,  Aug.  21,  1908;  in  coll.  of  Author.  A  paratype  $; 
Mt.  Lebanon,  Allegheny  County,  Pennsylvania,  Oct.  2,  1921 ; 
in  coll.  of  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania. 

Note:  I  have  examined  syn.  pulchru  Stkr.  at  Field  Museum, 
Chicago,  and  recently  Mr.  Gerhard  kindly  sent  me  photographs 
of  both  upper  and  under  sides  of  it.  This  specimen  is  correct- 
ly synonymized  with  the  species  because  the  pattern  of  its 
partial  white  color  malformation  is  of  irregular  disposition 
on  the  wings  due  to  chrysalis  burn,  a  malady  probably  af- 
fecting the  pupa  during  its  latter  stage  which  results  in  mal- 
disposition  of  the  pigmental  fluids.  I  also  recently  examined 
fwiwsns  Hist,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.,  and 
find  it  to  be  a  perfectly  good  type  for  chromatism,  a  natural 
change  of  color  to  a  darker  or  different  shade.  There  are  a 
number  of  examples  of  fuiuosiis  Hist,  around  the  country  in 
collections  and  I  have  a  fair  one  in  my  own.  In  naming-  the 

•^  o 

above  nov.  tr.  form  uh'osits,  I  have  taken  into  consideration 
the  chance  of  artificial  modification,  such  as  bleaching  or 
fading ;  neither  of  these  two  type  specimens  exhibit  either  of 
these  indications.  The  Pittsburgh  paratype  was  freshly 
caught  and  later  personally  mounted  by  Mr.  Kahl.  Albin- 
ism is  of  course  a  thousand  times  more  common  among  the 
Euryinus  for  example,  than  it  is  among  species  of  other 


genera. 


For  explanation  of  Plate  II.  see  page  133,  lines  1-3. 


xxxviii,  '27]  EXTOMOI.OGICAL  NEWS  139 

Some  New  Species  of  Coleoptera  from  Indiana 

and  Florida. 

My  \Y.  S.  I '.LATCH  i. KY,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 
In  my  collecting  in  recent  years  at  Koval  I 'aim  Park  in 
extreme  southern  Florida  and  other  points  in  that  State,  as 
well  as  in  southern  Indiana,  a  number  of  apparently  un- 
described  species  of  beetles  have  been  taken,  eight  of  which 
are  characterized  and  named  in  the  present  paper.  The  types 
of  all  are  in  my  private  collection.  The  sequence  followed  is 
that  of  the  Leng  "Catalogue  of  the  Coleoptera  of  America 
North  of  Mexico." 

Family  ORTHOPERIDAE. 
Corylophodes  flavo-ocellus  sp.  nov. 

Rather  broadly  oval,  convex.  Above  chocolate-brown, 
strongly  shining,  the  middle  of  elytra  with  a  large,  rounded. 
common,  sutural,  yellowish  spot;  pronotum  with  a  broad,  pale. 
reflexed,  hyaline  border;  head,  antennae  and  legs  dull  straw- 
yellow;  under  surface  reddish-brown,  shining.  Antennae,  as 
in  other  members  of  the  genus,  11-jointed,  the  five  joints 
between  the  third  and  basal  one  of  club  short,  gradually  wider. 
Pronotum  with  front  margin  broadly  rounded,  concealing  the 
greater  part  of  head,  its  disk  and  that  of  elytra  impum-tate. 
Tibiae  and  hind  margin  of  each  ventral  segment  ciliate  with 
?.  row  of  stiff  seta-like  hairs.  Length  .8  mm. 

Royal  Palm  Park,  Florida,  April  7.  Described  from  seven 
specimens  beaten  from  the  flowering  branches  of  cabbage  pal- 
metto, Sabal  palmetto  (  \Yalt.  I.  Allied  to  C.  iinpunctiitus  Casey, 
but  that  species  is  more  narrowly  oval,  devoid  of  yellowish 
elytral  spot,  and  with  ventrals  not  ciliate.  7'v/v  a  male,  Kmal 
I 'aim  Park.  Florida.  April  7,  l'L'5. 

Orthoperus  aeneocollis  sp.  nov. 

Broadly  oval,  convex.  I  lead  and  pronotum  a  polished  pur- 
plish-bronze; elytra  black  with  a  bluish  tinge;  antennae  brown- 
ish, paler  at  base  ;  legs  and  under  surface  piceous-brown.  1  lead 
with  vertex  minutely  sparsely  punctate,  its  front  concave,  the 
clypeal  suture  deep;  clypeus  with  a  low.  median,  transver.se 
tubercle.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  sides  margined. 
broadly  curved,  basal  margin  Insinuate,  disk  minutely  sparsely 
punctate.  Elytra  conjointly  broadly  oval,  suture  not  margined, 
disk  distinctly,  rather  coarsely,  thickly,  shallowly  punctate. 
Length  .8  mm. 


140  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '27 

Royal  Palm  Park,  Florida,  December  /-March  29.  Three 
specimens  beaten  from  fallen  dead  leaves  of  the  royal  palm, 
Orcodo.ru  rcgia  H.B.K.,  in  the  dense  hammock  on  Paradise 
Key.  Type  from  Royal  Palm  Park,  March  29,  1925.  The 
handsome  purplish-bronzed  head  and  pronotum,  tuberculate 
clypeus  and  rather  strong  punctuation  of  elytra  distinguish 
this  from  other  known  species  of  Orthoperus. 

Family  ELATERIDAE. 

The  genus  Melanotus  is  represented  in  southern  Florida  by 
numerous  species,  several  of  which  are  as  yet  undescribed. 
Examples  of  all  Florida  species  on  hand  were  sent,  in  1921, 
to  R.  II.  Van  Zwaluwenburg,  then  connected  with  the  U.  S. 
Bureau  of  Entomology,  who  was  at  that  time  making  a  critical 
study  of  this  difficult  genus,  based  mainly  on  the  male  genita- 
lia.  Fie  returned  them  with  the  statement  that  three  of  them 
were  very  probably  new  species.  A  lack  of  time  on  my  part 
has  since  prevented  their  description.  They  are  therefore 
named  in  the  present  paper. 

IVlelanoLus  simulans  sp.  nov. 

Elongate,  rather  slender,  sides  subparallel.  Pale  chestnut- 
brown,  shining,  everywhere  clothed  with  rather  long,  prostrate, 
whitish  hairs.  Antennae  reaching  middle  of  mesosternum, 
joint  2  subglobose,  one-half  as  long  as  3,  the  latter  narrower 
and  slightly  shorter  than  4.  Head,  excluding  eyes,  subquadrate, 
coarsely,  rugosely  punctate,  front  of  clypeus  broadly  rounded. 

Pronotum  one-third  longer  than  wide,  sides  parallel,  hind 
angles  unicarinate  ;  disk  notably  convex,  minutely,  very  sparse- 
ly punctate,  the  punctures  separated  by  three  or  four  times 
their  own  diameters,  each  bearing  a  whitish  prostrate  hair. 
Elytra  at  base  not  wider  than  pronotum,  thence  evidently,  but 
feebly,  tapering  to  apex,  disk  with  rows  of  close-set  rather 
fine  punctures  ;  intervals  feebly  convex,  twice  as  wide  as  the 
strial  punctures,  each  with  two  rows  of  minute  punctures, 
from  which  arise  the  prostrate  hairs.  Ventrals  finely,  evenly 
aciculate-punctate.  Length  9.2 — 9.4  mm. 

Described  from  two  males  (one  iy[>c]  in  the  author's  col- 
lection, taken  at  Dunedin,  Florida,  March  15,  1918.  Of  it 
Van  Zwaluwenburg  wrote :  "This  might  be  mistaken  for  M. 
an^ustalits  (Erh.)  were  it  not  for  the  parallel  sides  of  prono- 
tum and  the  distinct  genitalia,  which  are  similar  to,  but  longer 
than  those  of  M.  inorosus  Cand." 


xxxviii, '27]  KXTUMOLOGICAI.   NEWS  141 

Melanotus  obscuratus  >p.  n<>v. 

Elongate,  rather  robust.  Dark  chestnut-brown,  shining: 
antennae,  pronotum.  legs  and  has.'  of  elytra  dull  red  or  red- 
dish-brown. Antennae  reaching  middle  coxae,  joint  2  sub- 
globose,  3  one-half  longer  than  2.  the  two  united  two-thirds 
the  length  of  4.  Head  coarsely,  densely,  rugosely  punctate; 
clypeus  concave,  its  front  margin  broadly  rounded. 

Pronotum  one-half  longer  than  wide,  sides  parallel  from 
base  to  apical  third,  thence  feebly  convergent  or  curved  to 
apex;  disk  at  middle  strongly  convex  with  sides  declivent. 
finely  and  sparsely  punctate,  the  punctures  separated  by  twice 
their  diameters;  hind  angles  prolonged,  not  carinate,  their  tips 
truncate.  Elytra  as  wide  at  base  as  pronotum.  sides  subparallel 
to  apical  third,  thence  feebly  converging  and  slightly  curved 
to  apex;  disk  with  rows  of  rather  coarse,  close-set  puncture^  ; 
intervals  flat,  only  one-half  wider  than  strial  punctures,  each 
with  two  rows  of  minute  punctures,  each  hearing  a  rather 
short,  fine  yellowish  hair.  L'nder  surface  finely  and  sparsely 
punctate,  each  puncture  bearing  a  prostrate  whitish  hair. 
Length  10  mm. 

Type  a  male  taken  at  Ormond.  Florida.  April  13,  1913. 
This  was  returned  by  Van  Zwaluwenburg  without  comment 
and  labelled  "new  species." 

Melanotus  piceatus  sp.  nov. 

Elongate,  robust  for  the  genus.  Piceous-brown,  coarsely 
clothed  with  whitish  hairs,  these  longer  and  prostrate  on  proim- 
tum,  shorter  and  inclined  on  elytra  ;  legs  and  antennae  a  paler 
reddish-brown.  Antennae  reaching  middle  coxae,  joint  2  sub- 
globular,  one-half  as  long  as  3,  the  latter  slender,  subclavate, 
as  long'  as  4.  Head  coarsely,  densely  rugosely  punctate;  front 
of  clypeus  very  broadly  rounded  or  subtruncate. 

Pronotum  one-fourth  longer  than  wide,  sides  subparallel, 
feebly  curved  near  apex;  hind  angles  prolonged,  slightly  diver- 
gent and  with  a  rather  long  and  prominent  median  carina  ;  disk 
coarsely  and  evenly  punctate,  the  punctures  dense  on  sides,  on 
middle  separated  by  more  than  their  own  diameters.  Elytra 
as  wide  at  base  as  pronotum,  thence  evidently  feebly  converg- 
ing to  apex;  strial  punctures  of  disk  relatively  small,  sepa- 
rated by  their  own  diameters;  intervals  tlat.  twice  as  wide'  as 
strial  punctures,  each  with  two  irregular  rows  of  minute  hair- 
bearing  punctures.  Punctures  of  the  under  surface  rather 
sparse  and  moderate  in  size,  those  of  the  last  two  ventrals  elon- 
gate, coarse  and  crowded.  Length  14 — 15  mm. 


142  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May, '27 

This  is  a  rather  common  species  about  Dunedin,  Florida, 
in  spring,  occurring  on  flowers  of  huckleberry  and  other  low 
herbage  and  beneath  pine  blocks  and  other  cover.  Taken  in 
copulation  April  22.  Superficially  it  resembles  our  common 
northern  717.  fissilis  Say,  but  the  pronotum  is  distinctly  longer 
with  sides  more  parallel,  and  disk  more  finely  punctate.  T\pc 
a  male,  taken  at  Dunedin,  Florida,  March  17,  1922. 

In  his  notes  commenting  on  the  species  of  Mclauotits  sent 
him.  Air.  Van  Zwaluwenburg  wrote:  "I  am  inclined  to  think 
M.  dcprcssns  and  .17.  paranipnnclatns  synonyms.  The  type  of 
the  latter  is  a  female,  of  dcprcssits,  a  male.  The  separating 
differences  as  stated  in  the  original  descriptions  are  apparently 
sexual."  Both  were  described  from  Pennsylvania  and  on 
the  same  page1  by  Alelsheimer,  and  if  synonyms,  the  name 
depressus  has  priority. 

Family  COCCINELLIDAE. 
Scymnus  pellio  sp.  nov. 

Elongate-oval,  convex.  Black,  moderately  shining,  thickly 
pubescent  with  short,  stiff  inclined  yellow  hairs ;  head,  an- 
tennae, legs  and  two  cross-bars  on  each  elytron  yellow  ;  these 
bars  widely  separated,  one  extending  from  near  the  basal  third 
of  suture  obliquely  to  near  humerus,  its  outer  end  somewhat 
widened  ;  the  other  on  apical  fourth,  transverse,  its  inner  end 
not  reaching  suture  and  widened  to  form  a  club-like  mark 
or  cross-bar;  under  surface  piceous,  last  two  ventrals  reddish- 
yellow.  Metacoxal  line  forming  an  oblique  curve  to  the  first 
ventral  suture  and  joining  the  latter.  Length  1.3  mm. 

Type  a  male,  swept  from  roadside  herbage  at  Royal  Palm 
Park,  Florida,  April  2,  1925.  Belongs  to  Horn's  group  A2 
but  differs  from  all  other  described  members  of  the  group  in 
the  position  and  form  of  the  yellow  markings  of  elytra. 

Family  CHRYSOMELIDAE. 

In  1824  Thomas  Say  described3  a  Colas  pis  6-notata  and  men- 
tioned it  as  "inhabiting  the  United  States  and  found  in  con- 
siderable numbers  on  the  common  Juniper  in  July."  Say's 

iProc.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.  of  Philadelphia,  IT,  1844,  p.  151. 
2Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  XXII,  1895,  p.  87. 

3Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  of  Philadelphia,  III,  1824,  p.  445;  ibid,  Leconte 
ed.  II,  1859,  213. 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \E\VS  14.3 

species  is  listed  in  the  Leng  Catalogue  as  Par  la  canclla  sex- 
notata  (Say).  It  occurs  in  numbers  on  Junior  in  lioth  In- 
diana and  Florida,  is  not  variable  in  color,  occurs  only  on 
Juniper  and,  in  my  opinion,  is  a  distinct  and  valid  species.  In 
recent  years  I  have  taken  on  Juniper  in  southern  Indiana 
another  form  which,  while  resembling  somewhat  in  color  and 
markings  the  sc.rnotuta  of  Say,  differs  widely  in  the  sculpture 
of  the  pronotum  and  other  characters,  and  which  I  now 
describe  as 

Paria  juniperi  sp.  no\. 

Oblong-oval,  strongly  convex-  I  lead  and  pnmotum  reddish- 
brown,  the  former  often  with  a  vague,  median,  darker  spot. 
Elytra  dull  yellow,  each  with  three  more  or  less  distinct  pice- 
otis  spots;  the  basal  one  oblong,  placed  near  and  within  the 
umbone  ;  the  others  submedian  and  subparallel,  sometimes 
coalescent,  the  apex  of  the  inner  one  projecting  behind  the 
other;  legs,  under  surface  and  basal  half  of  antennae  Dale 
reddish-brown,  the  terminal  antennal  segments  fuscous.  Head 
finely,  sparsely,  rather  unevenly  punctate,  the  front  with  a 
short,  median  sulcus. 

Pronotum  three-fifths  wider  than  long,  side  margins  broadly 
curved,  front  angles  obtuse,  hind  ones  rounded:  disk  every- 
where, except  on  lower  flanks  and  near  apex,  deeply,  coarsely, 
longitudinally  striate-punctate.  F.lytra  with  nine  rows  of 
rather  small  punctures,  these  more  or  less  evanescent  on  sides 
and  near  apex.  Under  surface  sparsely,  finely,  unevenly  punc- 
tate. Length  2.8  —  5  mm. 

Crawford  and  Harrison  Counties.  Indiana.  August  3'  '-Sep- 
tember 1.  Frequent  on  Juniper  on  high  won  led  slopes  near 
Wyandotte  Cave.  The  sculpture  of  the  pronotum  recalls  that 
of  Metachroma  qucrcata  Fab.,  though  the  striae  are  much  mou- 


coarse.  In  P.  se.niota/a  (Say),  the  pronotum  is  finely  and 
very  sparsely  punctate,  and  the  lower  surface  of  the  body  is 
in  great  part  black.  Type  a  male  taken  in  Crawford  County. 
Indiana,  September  1,  1923.  I\ira!\pc  in  collection  of  the 
Brooklyn  Museum,  Hrooklvn  X-  Y.  The'  genus  Paria  is  sadly 
in  need  of  revision,  several  of  the  forms  as  scllata.  opacicollis 
and  se.vnotata,  treated  by  Leng  and  others  as  varieties  of 
canclla  Fab.,  having  a  distinct  host  plant  and  varying  little 
if  any  in  distinctive  color  and  sculptural  characters. 


144  KXTOMOl.OGICAL    NEWS  [May,  '27 

Aphthona  schaefferi  sp.  nov. 

Oblong-uval,  convex.  Color  a  nearly  uniform  testaceous  or 
straw-yellow,  moderately  shining,  the  last  antennal  segment 

-•  -•  Cj  "  O 

alone  fuscous.  Antennae  slender,  two-thirds  as  long  as  body, 
joints  2 — 4  subequal,  each  slightly  shorter  than  5 — 8,  which 
are  also  subequal,  pubescent  and  feebly  clavate,  9 — 11  thicker, 
forming  a  loose  club,  11  slightly  longer  than  10,  its  tip  ob- 
tusely pointed. 

Pronotum  subquadrate,  convex,  very  minutely  and  sparsely 
punctate;  side  margins  broadly  curved,  feebly  reflexed,  slightly 
angulate  at  apical  fourth  and  again  near  base.  Elytra  one- 
third  wider  at  base  than  pronotum,  conjointly  elongate-oval ; 
sides  parallel  to  apical  third,  thence  broadly  rounded  to  apex  ; 
umbones  small  but  distinct ;  disk  of  each  elytron  with  nine 
rows  of  evident  but  small  shallow  punctures,  these  evanescent 
toward  apex,  the  sutural  row  forking  near  base ;  intervals 
flat,  smooth.  Yentrals  each  with  a  transverse  row  of  very  fine 
punctures,  each  puncture  bearing  a  slender  prostrate  hair. 
Length  2.1 — 2.3  mm. 

Royal  Palm  Park,  Florida,  March  30,  1925.  Described  from 
11  specimens  taken  by  sweeping  flowers  of  herbage  along  the 
margins  of  swales  on  Long  Pine  Key.  It  is  evidently  allied 
to  the  Texan  A.  socui  Horn,  but  is  larger,  with  pronotum  not 
wider  than  long  and  with  elytral  punctures  in  distinct  striae. 
Named  in  honor  of  Chas.  Schaeffer  of  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
who.  by  his  intensive  and  critical  studies  of  Donacia  and  other 
genera  of  Chrysomelidae,  has  done  much  to  advance  our  knowl- 
edge of  this  interesting  family.  Type,  a  male  from  Royal  Palm 
Park,  Florida. 


Entomological  Scrap-books  of  Dr.  C.  V.  Riley. 

Airs.  C.  Y.  Riley,  widow  of  Dr.  Riley,  predecessor  of  Dr. 
L.  O.  Howard  as  chief  entomologist  of  the  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture,  has  donated  to  the  library  of  the  National  Museum 
the  scrap-books  of  economic  entomology  which  were  kept  by 
her  husband  in  the  period  of  his  activity  from  1865  to  1894. 
These  volumes  about  one  hundred  in  number  contain  many 
articles  of  great  historical  interest.  In  giving  these  books  to 
the  museum,  Mrs.  Riley  wished  to  have  them  housed  in  the 
same  place  as  the  Riley  collection  of  insects,  (Science,  Mar. 
18,  1927.) 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  XE\VS  145 

Concerning  Phoresy  in  Insects. 

By  L.  O.  HOWARD,  Washington.  D.  C. 

In    1896,   P.  Lesne,  of  the  Museum  of  Natural   History  in 
Paris,  proposed  the  name  phorcsic.  which  has  gradually 


into  use,  to  describe  the  carriage  of  small  in-ects  by  larger 
insects  without  the  actual  feeding  of  the  smaller  upon  the 
larger  in  the  adult  stage.  The  word  has  been  adopt;  <1  in  its 
French  form  by  several  of  the  F.uropran  writers,  and  I  used 
it  in  the  title  of  a  little  article  in  Entomological  News,  volume 
34,  page  90.  It  is  proposed  to  give  it  the  Fnglish  form,  pliorcsy. 
Apparently,  in  this  form  it  has  not  occurred  in  th.e  Fnglish 
language,  although  the  word  pliorcsis  is  used  by  electricians 
to  express  "the  cqnduction  of  substances  dissolved  in  a  liquid 
through  a  membrane  by  means  of  a  current." 

Lesne's  original  observations  which  led  to  the  coming  of 
this  word  were  made  in  Algeria  in  1893  and  were  described 
by  him  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  France 
for  March  25,  1896.  pages  lf.2-165.  He  found  a  little  Borborid 
rly  (  Liiiiosiiiu  sacra)  sitting  on  the  back  of  on^  of  the  dung- 
beetles  in  some  numbers.  Although  perfectly  able  to  rly,  the 
little  flies  stayed  on  the  backs  of  the  beetles  while  the  latter 
were  industriously  rolling  their  balls  of  dung.  He  could  pick- 
up one  of  the  beetles  in  his  fingers  without  disturbing  the 
Mies,  but  when  he  attempted  to  seize  one  of  the  latter  it  showed 
itself  to  be  very  agile.  The  flies  were  being  transported  in- 
voluntarily by  the  beetle  to  the  place  where  the  ball  of  dung  was 
to  be  stored,  after  which,  since  their  larvae  are  dung-feeders, 
they  would  lay  their  eggs  in  the  dung.  In  his  original  article 
he  mentioned  several  other  insects  which  have  somewhat  simi- 
lar habits,  .and  proposed  his  word  phorcsic  to  be  used  for  such 
transportation  phenomena  where  one  animal  acts  as  a  vehicle 
to  another  while  at  destination  this  relation  ceases. 

Of  course,  somewhat  similar  phenomena  had  previously  been 
observed  with  other  insects,  notably  the  triungulin  torm  of  the 
larva  of  certain  blister  beetles.  In  this  stage  the  larva  is  active, 
walks  readilv  and  attaches  itself  to  the  legs  and  hairs  of  bees 


140  ENTOMOLOGICAL   \K\vs  [May, '27 

by  which  it  is  carried  to  their  nests  where  it  detaches  itself 
and  lives  upon  honey  or  other  stored  food.  Considering  the 
whole  subject  as  then  known,  Lesne  makes  the  interesting 
suggestion  that  this  porterage  may  involve  the  beginning  of 
the  evolution  of  true  parasitism  and  that  the  Hippoboscid  para- 
sites of  birds  and  hairy  animals  may  have  begun  in  this  way. 

Since  the  publication  of  Lesne's  paper  a  number  of  other 
comparable  instances  have  come  to  light.  C.  T.  Brues,  for 
example,  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Sciences  for  February,  1917,  describes  a  very  interesting  case 
where  certain  Scelionicl  egg-parasites  of  Orthoptera  attach 
themselves  as  adults  to  adult  female  grasshoppers  and  are  car- 
ried by  them  until  they  begin  to  lay  their  egg-masses,  where- 
upon the  adult  parasites  lay  their  eggs  in  the  eggs  of  the  grass- 
hoppers. Later,  L.  Chopard,  in  the  Annals  of  the  Entomologi- 
cal Society  of  France  for  1922,  page  240,  describes  a  similar 
habit  on  the  part  of  a  parasite,  of  the  genus  Ricla,  of  the  pray- 
ing Mantis.  The  ovipositor  is  too  feeble  to  penetrate  the  egg 
case  of  the  Mantis,  so  the  adult,  by  attaching"  itself  to  the 
Mantis,  is  carried  about  until  the  egg-laying  begins  and  is  able 
to  oviposit  in  the  Mantid  eggs  before  the  egg  case  is  formed.  J. 
Ghesquiere,  in  a  brief  note  in  the  Bulletin  of  Agriculture  of  the 
Belgian  Congo  for  1921,  described  the  habits  of  an  egg-parasite 
of  a  Coreid  bug",  which  corresponded  very  closely  to  the  case 
just  described.  And  Ch.  Ferriere,  of  Berne,  Switzerland,  has 
just  described  another  case  where  an  egg-parasite  of  a  different 
family  has  acquired  the  same  habit  in  relation  to  a  Locustid  in 
Java,  as  studied  by  Mr.  Jacobsen. 

The  most  striking-  case  of  phoresy  of  the  type  that  occurs 
with  the  triungulin  larva  of  blister  beetles  that  has  been  de- 
scribed in  recent  years  is  the  life  history  worked  out  in  part  by 
Clausen  in  Japan  (See  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  <>/ 
America,  XVI,  1923,  p.  195).  This  writer,  it  will  be  remem- 
bered, showed  that  Schisaspidia  tenniconiis  Ashm..  a  species 
of  the  very  curious  Chalcidoid  family  Eucharidae,  lays  its  eggs 
by  the  thousands  upon  the  buds  of  certain  trees.  From  these 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  147 

eggs  come  little  larvae  which  attach  themselves  to  the  legs  of 
ants  and  are  carried  by  them  to  their  nests  where  they  b.coin  • 
parasitic  upon  the  larvae  and  pupae  of  the  ants.  This  form  ot 
parasitic  larva,  which  has  been  termed  planidium,  was  of  course 
discovered  in  the  allied  genus  Omscuia  by  Wheeler  in  1907, 
and  in  1912  by  H.  S.  Smith  in  the  larva  of  f \-rilain f>ns ;  and 
hence  in  these  three  genera  of  parasitic  1  I ymenoptera.  and  pos- 
sibly also  in  certain  of  their  relatives,  we  find  this  phenomenon 
of  phoresv  in  the  young  larva  instead  of  in  the  adult  as  in  the 
cases  described  by  Lesne,  I'.rucs,  Chopard,  (Ihesquiere  and 
Ferriere. 

An  interesting  paper  has  been  published  by  the  latter  author 
in  the  Mitlcilttngcn  der  Schiveiserischen  entomologischen  Ccscll- 
sclnr/f,  193),  p.  489-496,  in  which  he  mentions  all  of  these 
papers,  with  the  exception  of  the  ones  by  Wheeler  and  H.  S. 
Smith,  and  in  which  he  discusses  somewhat  similar  instances 
among;  the  mites  and  certain  other  true  insects,  where,  how- 

o 

ever,  for  the  most  part,  the  habit  of  true  ectoparasitism  is 
involved. 

It  seems  to  the  writer  that  this  is  a  very  fascinating  line  ot 
iii(|uiry  which  will  lead  to  the  discovery  of  many  interesting 
things.  Xot  only  is  it  worth  while  to  think  about  the  suggestions 
of  Lesne  and  Ferriere  as  to  the  origin  of  the  parasitic  habit; 
but  the  type  of  phoresy  first  recorded  by  I'.rues  may  be  found 
to  be  not  at  all  rare,  especially  with  the  Scelionidae.  It  is  not 
very  likelv  that  these  little  egg-parasites  will  often  be  found  at- 
tached to  the  bodies  of  Orthoptera  pinned  in  collections;  but 
careful  examination  of  living  Locustidae  may  reveal  them.  and. 
as  Brues'  paper  shows,  they  may  be  found  possibly  on  Orthop- 
tera placed  at  once  into  alcohol.  Moreover,  the  study  of  the 
biology  of  the  Hymenopterous  parasites  of  the  families  Euchari- 
dae  and  Perilampidae  will  doubtless  show  many  phenomena 
similar  to  those  studied  by  Wheeler,  Smith  and  Clausen/ 

^Although  T.  L.  King  has  shown  (Annals  Kntom.  Soc.  America, 
vol.  (>,  I'-Mo,  ,i"()u-321)  that  the  first-stage  larvae  of  the  I  )ipteran  Ptero- 
duntia  flaripcs  are  true  planidia,  they  attach  themselves  to  adult  spiders 
into  which  they  penetrate  as  internal  parasites. 


148  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [^ay>  '27 


A  New  Generic  Name  for  Enkrates  of  Burr 
(Dermaptera  :  Chelisochidae). 

By  JAMES  A.  G.  REHN,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 

A  few  years  ago  in  discussing  the  genus  Chclisoclics  as  found 
in  Africa,  and  particularly  the  species  Clielisoehes  flavipennis, 
I  pointed  out1  that  a  misidentification  of  Fabricius'  Forficula 
flavipennis  had  made  the  generic  name  Enkrates  Burr,2  erected 
for  that  species,  a  synonym  of  the  much  older  ChcUsochcs. 
As  emphasized  at  that  time,  an  analysis  of  the  description 
of  flavipcnnis3  shows  conclusively  that  the  insect  before  Fabri- 
cius was  the  one  later  called  Forficnla  playiata  by  Fairmaire,4 
and  not  the  one  to  which  Burr  presumed  the  name  applied,  the 
latter  being  the  species  first  named  Sphingolabis  variegata  many 
years  later  by  Kirby.5 

Burr  designated  the  genotype  for  Enkrates  as  follows,  "The 
only  known  species  is  Enkrates  flavipennis  Fabr.,  from  West 
Africa,"  which  indication  was  further  amplified  by  the  quota- 
tion of  the  original  Fabrician  reference.  In  consequence  the 
fate  of  the  generic  name  is  entirely  dependent  upon  the  generic 
position  of  flavipennis  Fabricius.  As  I  have  already  demon- 
strated6 this  species  is  properly  a  member  of  the  genus  Clicli- 
sochcs, and  consequently  Enkrates  becomes  a  synonym  of  that 
older  and  much  better  known  genus. 

The  genus  characterized  by  Burr,  and  to  which  he  intended 
to  give  a  new  generic  name,  by  his  erroneous  specific  deter- 
mination remains  unnamed.  To  supply  this  deficiency  I  pro- 
pose the  name  Euenkratcs,  taking  as  the  genotype  the  species 
which  Burr  had  erroneously  considered  Fabricius'  flavipennis, 
i.e.  Sphingolabis  varicgata  Kirby.  The  synonymy  of  this 
species  is  as  follows  : 

iBull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XLIX,  pp.  "382-383,  384-385,  (1924). 

2Trans.  Entom.  Soc.  London,  1907,  pp.  126,  131,  (1907). 

••'Entom.  Syst.,  II,  p.  5,   (1793).     [Sex     ?;  Senegal.] 

•*In  Thomson,  Archives  Entom.,  II,  p.  257,  pi.  IX,  fig.  3,  (1858).  [  ;?  ; 
Gaboon  (West  Africa).] 

sjourn.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  Zool.,  XXIII,  p.  526,  (1891),  [?  ;  Sierra 
Leone.] 

BBull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XLIX,  pp.  383-385,  (1924). 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTUMOI.OC.IC.M.     NEWS  149 

Euenkrates  variegatum   (Kirby) 

1891.     Styiingolabis  -zaric^ata    Kirby,    |ourn.    Linn.   Soc.    Lon- 
don /ool.,  XXIII,  p.   526.      I?;  Sierra   krone.  | 

1903.  Chclisoclics  rittatiis  Kurr,  Ann.  &  Ma-.  Xat.  Hist..  (7), 
XI,  ]>.  274.    [c?:   O'gowe,   \\'est   Africa    (type  locality); 
Oguega  (Ogrugui,  Xigcr  River.7] 

1904.  •  Chclisoclics  Hi/thai  us  I'.org.  Arkiv  fin-  Xoologi,  I.  p.  575, 

pi.  26,  fig.  7.  [c?.  ?;  I'.onge.  Cameroons.  | 

1907.     Enkrates  flavipennis  ]>urr.  Trans,  Kntom.  Soc.  London, 
1907.     P.  132.     (Not  Forficula  flavipennis,  Fabricius. ) 

I  have  seen  a  single  male  of  this  species,  from  Bitje,  Ja  River, 
Cameroons,  and  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Xatural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  The  species  is  one  of  the  Western 
Forest  Province,  ranging  from  as  far  west  as  Sierra  Leone, 
east  to  the  Came  :oons  (  llonge)  and  French  Congo  (Ogowe), 
north  to  Southern  Xigen'a  ( (  )^rugn  ) ." 

Undescribed  Pselaphidae  Collected  by  Dr.  J.  C. 
Bradley  in  Panama  (Coleoptera). 

J>y  I'"RA.\K  C.  FLETCHER,  Cornell  University, 
BIBRAX  gen.  nov.     (( ioiiiacerini. ) 

Head  with  a  long  antcnnal  tubercle,  antennae  closely  ap- 
proximate at  base,  g'eniculate,  eleven-segmented.  Eyes  very 
feebly  developed,  composed  of  but  a  single  facet.  Maxillary 
palpi  very  short,  four-segmented,  with  the  first  segment  ex- 
tremely minute,  visible  only  after  dissection. 

Protltoni.v  unarmed,  with  basal  transverse  and  lateral  longi- 
tudinal sulci. 

7:/V/n/  unarmed,  hunuTi  not  prominent,  discal  and  sutural 
striae  present,  base  of  each  elytron  bifoveate. 

Abdomen  with  five  visible  dorsal  and  six  ventral  segments, 
strongly  and  broadly  margined;  first  ventral  long  and  fully 
visible  from  side  to  side.  Posterior  segments  of  male  not 
emarginate  or  divided,  but  modified  as  described  below,  fe- 
male segments  simple. 

7Or  Ogrugru,  a"  seme  authors  have  it.  This  record  was  originally 
given  by  Burr  as  Oguega,  Niger  River.  I  feel  little  doubt  as  to 
the  correctness  of  my  reference  "f  it  t<>  Ogrugu.  This  locality  is  on 
the  Anamhara  tributary  of  the  Niger. 


150  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |  May,  '27 

Legs  moderate  in  length,  middle  coxae  subcontiguous,  hind 
coxae  approximate,  tarsi  with  a  single  claw  and  with  a  very 
slender  hair-like  appendage. 
Genotype,  Bibra.v  bradlcyi  sp.  nov. 

Bibrax  bradleyi  sp.  nov. 

c?.  Uniform  dark  reddish-brown,  opaque,  legs  and  antennae 
slightly  paler,  palpi  light  yellow.  Slightly  depressed,  narrowed 
anteriorly.  YestiUire  consisting  of  dense,  erect  golden  pube- 
scence, the  hairs  recurved  at  tip. 

Head  densely  and  rather  coarsely  punctured,  on  the  tubercle 
the  punctures  become  confluent  making  a  rugose  surface.  Ex- 
clusive of  the  tubercle  broader  than  long,  dorsal  surface  begin- 
ning at  basal  one-fifth  raised  into  a  broad,  medially  slightly 
canaliculate  convexity,  from  the  anterior  end  of  which  arises 
the  antennal  tubercule ;  tubercule  three-fourths  as  long  as  head, 
subconical,  finely  carinate  dorsally,  apex  slightly  expanded. 
Sides  of  head  strongly  depressed  anteriorly.  Eyes  very  feebly 
developed,  consisting  of  but  a  single  facet,  situated  on  the  pro- 
jecting sides  of  the  head  about  the  middle.  Antennae  in- 
serted under  the  tip  of  the  tubercle,  geniculate,  about  one-half 
as  long-  as  body  including  tubercle,  densely  clothed  with  golden 
recurved  hairs  which  become  straighter  and  longer  as  the  tip 
is  reached  ;  first  segment  very  long,  three-fourths  as  long  as 
the  remainder  of  the  antenna,  slightly  arcuate,  second  almost 
one-third  as  long  as  first,  obconical,  third  longer  than  broad, 
obconical,  almost  half  as  long  as  second,  fourth  and  fifth 
subequal,  subovate,  very  little  longer  than  broad,  sixth  to 
eighth  almost  globular,  eighth  slightly  smaller  than  seventh, 
ninth  to  eleventh  enlarged  to  form  a  club,  eighth  and  ninth 
transverse,  eleven  as  long  as  broad,  narrowed  and  bluntly 
pointed  at  apex.  Ventral  surface  of  head  grooved  along  the 
middle  line,  with  a  strong  fovea  at  base;  gula  on  either  side 
convex,  on  the  anterior  or  buccal  margin  armed  with  a  strong, 
sharp,  anteriorly  pointing  tooth.  Palpi  very  short,  first  seg- 
ment very  small,  visible  only  after  dissection,  second  strongly 
arcuate,  enlarged  at  apex,  third  ovate,  slightly  longer  than 
broad,  fourth  five-ninths  as  broad  as  long,  elongate-ovate, 
obtusely  pointed  at  apex,  obliquely  truncate  at  base,  with  a 
short  thick  terminal  appendage. 

Prothora.v  convex,  slightly  broader  than  long,  strongly  nar- 
rowed behind  the  middle,  with  a  dee])  basal  fovea  on  either 
side  and  a  median  one,  all  connected  by  an  ill-defined  sulcus 
which  on  either  side  passes  from  the  lateral  foveae  to  apical 
three-fourths,  forming  prominent  rounded  lobes  on  the  pro- 


XXXVJii,  '27]  KXTO.MiMJKik-Al.    \F.\VS  151 

thoracic  sides;  median  fovea  connected  with  the-  base  bv  a 
channel ;  no  median  sulcus.  The  entire  surface  densely  and 
irregularly  punctate,  the  lateral  protuberances  verv  tinelv  punc- 
tured. Surface  entirely  covered  with  dense,  erect,  golden 
pubescence,  the  tips  of  the  hairs  recurved. 

Elvira  broader  than  long,  regularly  narrowed  from  apex, 
narrower  at  base  than  thorax,  five-sevenths  as  long  as  abdo- 
men, humeri  not  prominent.  Surface  convex,  each  elytron  with 
two  foveae  at  base,  discal  stria  deep  and  broad  in  basal  half, 
but  from  then  on  becoming  fainter  to  apex,  its  bottom  with 
a  row  of  punctures;  sutural  stria  broad  and  ill-defined,  like- 
wise provided  for  its  entire  length  with  a  row  of  punctures. 

Abdomen  gradually  narrowed  from  base  to  apex  ;  first  three, 
visible,  dorsal  segments  equal,  fourth  longer;  first  four  ven- 
tral segments  about  equal,  the  fourth  flattened  and  shining  in 
the  middle,  fifth  longer  than  the  others  with  a  large,  transverse, 
shining,  and  well-defined  depression,  last  with  a  deep  circular 
fo\va-apically.  All  dorsal  segments  strongly  and  longitudinally 
convex,  their  separation  strongly  marked;  side  margins  limited 
within  by  a  deep  groove,  the  area  between  which  and  the  edge 
very  convex. 

Legs  moderately  long,  front  and  middle  coxae  subcontiguous, 
bind  coxae  approximate;  all  the  femora  clavate.  the  middle 
femora  articulating  close  to  the  coxae;  front  tibiae  arcuate,  in- 
flated, inner  surface  concave  for  the  entire  length,  this  con- 
cavity is  polished  and  limited  on  either  side  by  a  fine  carina. 
withi'n  which  is  a  row  of  minute  bristles;  middle  and  hind 
tibiae  straight.  Third  tarsal  segment  about  two-thirds  as  long 
as  second,  provided  with  a  single  claw,  but  with  a  very  slen- 
der hair-like  appendage. 

1.,'iit/tli   2.5   mm.      Hreadth,    .X  mm. 

9.  In  all  respects  similar  to  the  male  described  above,  ex- 
cept that  the  ventral  segments  are  all  evenly  convex  and  lack 
depressions  ot  any  kind. 

Described  from  one  male  and  one  female  collected  in«April, 
1924.  by  Dr.  ].  C.  Bradley,  on  llarro  Colorado  Island,  ( latun 
Lake,  Canal  /.one.  Panama,  and  to  whom  I  take  pleasure  in 
dedicating  this  very  interesting  little  beetle. 

Y'v/v.s-  in  the  collection  of  Cornell  rniversity,  llolotype  Xo. 
766.1  c?,  Allotype  No.  766.2  ?. 

Kibnt.v  is  a  very  isolated  genus  in  the  tribe  (  loniacerini  and 
is  not  at  all  closely  related  to  any  other  described  genus.  The 
strongly  margined  abdomen  and  eleven-segmented  antennae 
necessitate  placing  it  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Kthiopian  genus 


152  F.XTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May.  '27 

Ogmocerus  with  which  otherwise  it  has  hut  little  affinity.  It 
differs  from  Ogmocerus  in  the  much  more  strongly  developed 
antennal  tubercle,  small  eyes,  male  modifications  of  the  alxlo- 
men,  sub-contiguous  middle  coxae,  and  many  other  characters. 

There  is  a  very  strong-  superficial  resemblance  to  some  of 
the  Metopiini,  particularly  to  Metopielhis  hirtus  ( Reitt. )  in 
the  general  facies,  inflated  front  tibiae,  small  eyes,  and  the 
relative  length  of  the  last  two  tarsal  segments,  but  the  single 
claw,  fully  visible  first  ventral  segment,  equal  number  of  seg- 
ments in  the  two  sexes,  the  undivided  last  segment  in  the 
male,  and  the  type  of  modification  of  the  last  three  in  the  same 
sex  forbids  any  such  association. 

Raffray  has  shown  (Ann.  soc.  ent.  France.  1890.  59:  317) 
that  the  Goniacerini  do  not  invariably  possess  three-segmented 
palpi  as  he  first  supposed,  but  for  some  reason  he  failed  to 
indicate  this  in  the  generic  and  tribal  characterizations  in  the 
Genera  Insectorum,  though  four  segments  are  figured  in  the 
palpus  of  Ogmocerus  gujaiitcus. 

Euphalepsus  panamensis  sp.  nov. 

Form  strongly  ventricose ;  rufo-castaneous  throughout,  palpi 
light-yellow  ;  pubescence  rather  sparse,  pale,  and  recurved. 

Head  about  as  long  as  wide;  frontal  tubercles  prominent, 
sides  with  a  few  large  punctures  posteriorly,  otherwise  the 
surface  of  the  head  is  impunctate ;  front  depressed,  vertex  with 
a  scarcely  noticeable  depression ;  on  a  line  passing  through 
the  posterior  margins  of  the  eyes  there  are  on  each  side,  two 
extremely  minute  pore-like  foveae  separated  from  one  another 
only  by  a  very  thin  lamina,  the  foveae  being  scarcely  as  large 
as  the  coarse  punctures  of  the  antennal  tubercles.  Eyes  large, 
convex  and  prominent.  Antennae  with  a  gradually- formed 
club,  first  segment  cylindrical,  longer  than  the  others,  second 
subquadrate,  longer  than  the  remaining  segments  of  the  funi- 
cle,  third  obconic,  about  as  long  as  wide,  fourth  to  eighth  trans- 
verse, gradually  very  slightly  broader,  these  subequal  in  length, 
ninth  and  tenth  transverse,  eleven  oblong-ovate,  longer  than 
the  two  preceding,  the  last  three  broader  than  the  preceding 
forming  a  feebly  differentiated  club. 

Prathorax  gibbous,  as  long  as  broad,  slightly  narrowed  at 
base,  very  much  so  at  apex,  much  narrower  than  the  elytra  ; 
ba?al  portion  with  a  transverse,  deep  and  arcuate  stilcus  not 
dilated  at  middle ;  the  sulcus  connects  on  either  side  with  a 
broad  dee])  fovea  from  which  a  deep  and  well-marked  sulcus 
extends  anteriorly  to  half  the  length  of  the  prothorax  ;  a  very 


XXXviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XEWS  153 

tine  carina  present  between  base  of  prothorax  and  the  trans- 
verse sulcus. 

Rl\tm  strongly  convex,  much  broader  thru  long ;  base  strong- 
ly quadrifoveate,  with  a  sharp  carina,  which  on  either  side 
extends  on  to  the  elytra  in  a  well-marked  humeral  callus  which 
ends  abruptly  and  does  not  extend  further  as  a  carina;  discal 
stria  lacking,  sutural  stria  entire:  surface  clothed  with  golden 
recurved  hairs  more  sparsely  placed  than  on  the  prothorax. 

.  Ihdomcn  equal  in  length  to  the  elytra,  regularly  rounded  to 
the  apex ;  first  dorsal  segment  longer,  the  rest  subequal  ;  a 
broad  and  deep  fovea  present  on  either  side  at  the  lateral  mar- 
gins of  the  base  of  the  first  dorsal  segment. 

Length  1.6  mm.     Breadth  .9  mm. 

Described  from  one  female  -penmen  collected  in  April, 
1924,  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Bradley,  on  Ilarro  Colorado  Island,  Canal 
Zone,  Panama.  Holotyf>c  in  the  collection  of  Cornell  Univer- 
sity, Xo.  767. 

I'dnaincnsis  is  a  member  of  Raffray's  group  II,  containing 
three  heretofore  described  species,  namely,  nt^ipcs  Raffray 
from  Venezuela,  <jlobi[>enms  Reitter  from  Mexico,  and  hiimcra- 
lis  Raffray  from  Colombia. 

From  riKjlfcs,  fniitanifiisis  is  easily  known  by  its  much  smaller 
size,  by  the  very  small  and  peculiarly  formed  foveae  of  the 
head,  and  by  the  transverse  thoracic  sulcus  not  being  dilated 
or  foveate  at  the  middle. 

From  globipcnnis  it  differs  in  its  much  smaller  size,  non- 
carinate  prothorax,  the  transverse  ninth  and  tenth  antennal 
segments,  etc. 

From  hituicralis  to  which  it  is  most  closely  related,  it  may 
l.e  distinguished  by  its  smaller  size,  very  feeble  fovea  of  the 
vertex,  the  peculiar  foveae  of  the  head,  and  the  absolutely 
smooth  elvtra. 

— .  •    «•>    i 

Beneficial  Insects  Trapped  in  Bait-pails. 

|',y    S.    \Y.     FROST,    Arendt^ville.     1'cnnsylvania.* 

In  operating  bait-pails  as  traps  for  the  adults  of  the  oriental 

fruit  moth   ( Laspeyrcsia   inolcsla   Busck.i,  many  insects  were 

captured   including  beneficial,    injurious   and    forms   otherwise 

*Published    by    pcnn'\>i»n    of    the    Director    of    the    Agricultural    E> 
periment  Station  as  a  pail    of    Project   Xo.  697.     Contribution   from  the 
Department  of  Zoology  and  Entomology,  The  Pennsylvania  State  Col- 
lege No.  417. 


154  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May, '27 

classified.  Some  of  the  Lepidoptera  and  Coleoptera  were,  at 
times,  so  numerous  that  they  interfered  with  the  operation  of 
the  baits.  A  future  paper  will  he  devoted  to  rare  and  interest- 
ing insects  recovered  from  bait-pails,  but  at  present,  beneficial 
insects  are  most  important  and  have  an  economic  bearing-  upon 
the  problem  of  bait-pails  as  a  means  of  control  not  only  for 
the  oriental  fruit-moth  but  also  for  any  pest  where  such  baits 
may  seem  practical. 

This  paper  is  not  confined  to  the  predaceous  and  parasitic 
enemies  of  the  oriental  fruit-moth  but  to  all  beneficial  insects 
that  might  be  reduced  in  numbers  through  the  use  of  liquid- 
baits.  Comparatively  few  have  been  found  in  appreciable 
numbers  and  only  species  of  Chrysopidae  have  been  trapped 
in  sufficient  abundance  to  be  concerned  in  the  practical  use 
of  such  baits.  The  insects  show  a  decided  preference  for 
certain  types  of  baits.  Honey-bees,  for  example,  prefer  water 
or  sugar  solution,  Syrphidae  seem  to  like  baits  of  low  grade 
molasses,  while  Chrysopidae  were  taken  abundantly  in  all  baits 
but  show  a  preference  for  sweet  baits  rather  than  water. 

The  insects  in  question  were  caught  during  the  summer  of 
1926  from  four  hundred  and  thirty  bait-pails  placed  in  a 
peach  orchard  near  Arendtsville,  Pa.  The  baits  consisted  of 
various  mixtures,  chiefly  sugar  and  molasses  solutions,  although 
several  weak  acids  and  other  mixtures  were  used.  They  were 
duplicated  at  different  times  during  the  season  so  that  a  par- 
ticular type  of  bait  was  in  operation  throughout  the  entire  sum- 
mer from  May  to  November.  Variations  exist  due  to  the  age 
of  the  hait,  dilution,  etc.  All  baits  were  examined  once  a  week 
and.  the  insects  strained  from  them  and  taken  to  the  laboratory 
for  further  examination  and  classification. 

Ad  alia  bipunctata  ( L. )  and  other  beneficial  Coccinellidae 
were  taken  occasionally  from  baits  but  in  numbers  noticeably 
insignificant. 

Syrphidae  were  trapped  in  comparatively  small  numbers. 
During  the  early  part  of  the  summer,  Ferdinandea  dk>cs  O.  S. 
was  fairly  common  while  later  in  the  season  several  other  spe- 
cies were  taken.  In  July  a  single  specimen  of  J^oliicclla  t'csicn- 
losa  Fab.  was  captured.  Mr.  Charles  T.  Greene  has  further 
identified  specimens  of  Syrphus  ribcsii  Linn.,  MesograMima 


XXXVlii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  .NEWS  155 

polita  Say  and  M .  marginuta  Say,  which  wore  taken  from  bait- 
pails.  None  of  the  Syrphidae,  however,  were  taken  in 
abundance. 

Honey-bees  were  found  in  bait-pails  throughout  the  entire 
season,  especially  during  the  wanner  parts  of  the  summer  in 
August  and  September.  'Their  numbers  were  comparatively 
small.  Many  were  trapped  by  sugar  baits  or  by  weak  acids 
but  only  a  very  few  by  mola^e^  baits.  A  set  of  five  pails, 
containing  a  high-grade  molasses  bait,  was  placed  in  a  small 
block  of  quince  trees  within  a  radius  of  ten  feet  from  bee- 
hives. Only  three  bees  were  caught  between  May  5th  and 
August  18th,  although  the  baits  were  kept  in  prime  by  the 
addition  of  new  molasses  about  every  two  weeks.  It  would 
seem,  therefore,  that  molasses  baits  are  entirely  safe  in  the 
proximity  of  bee-hives. 

A  species  of  Hemerobiidae  was  found  in  bait-pails  in  small 
numbers  during  the  latter  part  of  the  summer.  As  little  is 
known  concerning  the  feeding  of  the  adults  of  this  family, 
these  records  may  prove  interesting. 

Several  species  of  Chrysopidae  were  attracted  to  baits  in 
large  numbers,  some  pails  caught  as  many  as  fifty  during 
their  operation.  Three  species:  Chrysopa  nigricornis  llurm., 
C.  rufilabris  liurm.,  and  C.  quadripunctata  llurm. ,  were  deter- 
mined by  Dr.  Roger  C.  Smith.  A  fourth  species  may  be  in- 
cluded, C.  interrupta  but  the  loss  of  color  due  to  the  action 
of  the  bait  and  the  preservative  made  it  impossible  to  make  an 
absolute  determination.  The  majority  of  the  adults  were  fe- 
males. Smith  (  1(»22>:::  refers  to  a  difference  of  opinion  con- 
cerning the  feeding  of  the  adults  and  remarks  that  he  found 
them  to  relish  water  and  sugar  solution.  The  enormous  num- 
bers captured  by  sugar  and  molasses  baits,  and  on  the  other 
hand,  the  comparatively  few  captured  by  plain  water,  clearly 
shows  that  Chrysopa  is  readily  attracted  to  sugar  and  molasses 
solutions. 

An  attempt  was  made  to  determine  whether  parasitic  insects, 
especially  the  parasites  of  the  oriental  fruit-moth,  were  at- 
tracted by  these  baits,  but  the  percentage  of  parasitism  was 
low  during  1925  and  1026  and  few  parasites  were  recovered 

'Cornell  Memoir  58:1328,  1922. 


156 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[May, '27 


from  baits.     This  phase  of  the  problem  needs  further  inves- 
tigation. 


•ISO 


-100 


CHHTSOPA 
~HOHIT-6EtJ 
3TKFHIDAC 
HENCftOSIWM 


-50 


MAY 


JUNE 


JULY 


AUGUST    SEPTEMBER      OCTOBER 


Chart  showing  the  comparative  numbers  of  beneficial  insects  trapped  by  baits. 

Summary  of  Beneficial  Insects  Taken  in  Bait-pails  in  1926. 


INSECT 

Honey  Bees 
Syrphidae 
Hemerobiidae 
Chrysopidae 


Low 

grade 

molasses 

85  pails 

7 

64 

0 

133 


High 
grade 

Sugar 
baits 

Sodium1 
baits 

Acid2 
baits 

Misc.2 
baits 

Water 

Total 
Num- 

molasses 

50 

100 

60 

40 

ber 

90  pails 

pails 

pails 

pails 

pails 

pails 

Insects 

17 

20 

18 

4 

6 

2 

74 

1 

0 

11 

0 

0 

0 

79 

2 

13 

3 

0 

0 

1 

19 

309 

194 

241 

6 

54 

4 

941 

From  these  notes  it  is  evident  that  bait-pails  can  be  used 
with  comparative  safety  without  attracting  beneficial  insects 
in  alarming  numbers.  While  Chrysopidae  were  trapped  in 
considerable  numbers,  it  is  not  definitely  known  that  the  adults 
are  predaceous.  A  further  knowledge  of  the  percentage  of 
males  and  females  trapped,  as  well  as  the  number  of  gravid 
females  caught,  would  be  necessary  to  settle  the  point.  Sugar 
baits  should  be  avoided  in  the  proximity  of  bee-hives. 

1  Consisting  of   1   part  molasses,   10  parts  water  with  the  addition  of 
sodium  salt  as  a  preservative. 

''  These  baits  were  continued   for  only  a  few  weeks. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,   MAY,   1927. 

Should  Insect  Collections  be  Passed  on  to 
Individuals'? 

By  S.  A.  Km i \YF.K,  I'.  S.  National  Museum. 

In  the  December  number  (pages  329-332)  of  f'.iitonu>lo</iail 
News,  under  the  title  "Concerning  the  Insect  Collection,"  Dr. 
Melville  H.  Hatch  propounds  the  rather  novel  question  as  to 
whether  it  would  not  be  advisable  to  pass  on  large  collections 
from  one  individual  worker  to  another.  It  is  a  rather  interest- 
ing idea,  but  is  probably  stimulated  by  the  enthusiasm  of 
youth.  It  is  very  difficult  to  determine  whether  a  man  in  the 
early  twenties  or  thirties  is  going-  to  continue  investigations  on 
any  of  his  pet  hobbies,  and  should  he  at  this  age  elect  to  become 
a  specialist  in  any  particular  group  of  insects,  this  desire  would 
probably  dominate  his  work  for  a  number  of  years  to  come. 
But  as  time  goes  on,  he  might  accept  a  position  in  some  institu- 
tion of  such  a  character  that  it  would  be  impossible  for  him 
to  carry  on  intensive  investigations  in  the  line  of  activity  he  had 
chosen,  and  the  collection  which  had  been  given  to  him  for  safe- 
keeping by  one  of  his  predecessors  would  lie  in  a  dormant 
condition  and  perhaps  would  not  even  be  satisfactorily  cared 
for  for  many  years.  It  is  very  rare,  when  an  individual  elects 
a  group  in  which  he  desires  to  become  a  specialist,  that  he  is 
willing  to  admit  he  has  to  give  up  his  work  in  this  group  be- 
cause of  the  pressure  of  other  duties  ;  and  I  can  foresee  that 
should  the  plan  suggested  by  Dr.  Hatch  be  accepted  and  put 
into  practice,  we  would  see  many  of  the  larger  collections  in 
the  hands  of  individuals  who  are  no  longer  active  but  who  al- 
ways dream  that  they  will  some  day  get  back  to  doing  real 
work  in  their  chosen  field. 

Another  drawback  to  the  suggestion  made  bv  Dr.  Hatch  is 
that  a  collection,  when  placed  in  the  custody  of  an  individual, 
is  not  as  available  to  other  workers  as  it  is  when  it  is  placed 
in  the  custody  of  some  public  institution.  Many  of  us  can  well 

157 


158  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '27 

remember  when  certain  specialists  have  wished  to  consult  col- 
lections of  individuals  to  examine  the  types  and  were  told  that 
they  could  do  so  only  under  the  most  rigid  conditions  and  at 
certain  specific  times.  This  is,  of  course,  a  very  serious  draw- 
back to  placing-  collections  in  the  hands  of  individual  workers, 
because  it  does  not  lend  itself  to  free  investigation  by  other 
students  and  tends  to  make  it  possible  for  one  individual  to 
monopolize  the  work  done  on  any  particular  unit. 

Collections  of  insects  that  were  formed  as  the  basis  of 
treatises  or  descriptions  could  hardly  be  considered  as  private 
property.  They  are  rather  the  property  of  Science,  and  the 
holder  of  this  collection  is  only  the  custodian,  and  as  such  he 
should  not  only  satisfactorily  preserve  these  specimens,  but  he 
should  make  them  available  for  examination  by  other  students 
of  the  same  group. 

Even  with  all  the  safeguards  suggested  by  Dr.  Hatch,  it 
seems  to  me  that  the  three  considerations  suggested  above  indi- 
cate very  conclusively  from  the  standpoint  of  science  that  it  is 
undesirable  to  pass  on  collections  from  one  individual  to  an- 
other. We  will  grant  momentarily  that  it  is  certainly  an  ad- 
vantage to  the  individual  worker,  but  as  suggested  in  my  recent 
address  before  the  members  of  the  Entomological  Society  of 
America  and  as  very  aptly  brought  out  by  Dr.  Hatch,  the 
taxonomic  work  in  the  future  must  be  done  at  institutions  con- 
taining large  collections  rather  than  at  the  hands  of  individual 
investigators  who  cannot  afford  to  build  up  or  house  an  exten- 
sive collection.  Institutions  having  the  custodianship  of  exten- 
sive collections  should  be  so  well  provided  with  space,  equip- 
ment and  personnel  as  to  make  it  possible  for  young;  students 
to  derive  full  benefit  from  these  collections. 


Entomological  Expedition  in  Patagonia. 

An  entomological  expedition  in  which  the  Departamento 
Nacional  de  Higiene,  Buenos  Aires  .and  the  British  Museum 
of  Natural  History,  London,  participated,  was  recently  ef- 
fected in  the  little  explored  forested  regions  of  northwestern 
Patagonia.  The  region  investigated  extended  from  Lago 
Nahuel  Haupi,  across  the  Andes  to  Port  Mou'att,  thence  to 
Chiloe  Island  and  from  there  northward  into  Chile  to  San- 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  159 

tiago.  The  party  consisted  of  F.  \Y.  Edwards  (  British 
Museum),  M.  F.  Edwards.  E.  S.  Shannon,  R.  C.  Shannon 
(  formerly  of  the  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. )  and 
E.  del  Ponte  (the  last  two  being  the  members  from  the;  Dept. 
Nacion.  de  Higiene).  An  attempt  was  made  to  collect  all 
orders  of  insects,  but  particular  attention  was  given  to  the 
Diptera.  Representatives  of  58  families  of  this  order  were 
taken  among  which  are  many  genera  which  are  common  only 
to  Patagonia  and  Xew  Zealand;  some  others  are  likewise  com- 
mon to  these  countries  and  to  Tasmania  and  Australia  as 
well.  A  more  complete  report  will  appear  in  the  Rci'istu  del 
Institute  Bactcriolo^ico,  Buenos  Aires.  (Science.  April  1, 
1927. ) 


Prodiaphania,  New  Name  for  Diaphania  Macquart  (1843) 
Preoccupied   (Dipt.,  Muscoidea). 

The  new  generic  name  PRODIAIM  IAXIA  is  here  proposed 
for  the  muscoid  genus  Diaphania  of  Macquart,  whose  genotype 
is  Diaphania  testacea  Macquart,  of  Australia,  described  in  1843, 
in  the  Dipteres  Exotiques,  II.  3,  277-8.  pi.  14.  f.  8.  The  name 
Diaphania  was  proposed  by  Hubner,  in  1816,  for  a  genus  of 
I'yralidae  ( Lepidoptera  ) .  which  preoccupies  Macquart's  use 
of  it.  CHARLES  H.  T.  TOWNSKND. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   E.    T.    CRESSOX,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  A  mcrica  n  <  ntomology  will  not  lit-  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatoiny.  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  he  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  tlie  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  tin-  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Ms..  Review  of  Applied  I0n- 
tomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  r,. 

Papers  published   in   the   Entomological    News  are   not   listed. 

1 — Trans.,    American    Knt.    Soc.,    Philadelphia.      9 — Ento- 
mologist. London.     10 — Proc..  Ent.  Soc.,  Washington.     17- 
Ent.  Rundschau,  Stuttgart.  21— The  Entomologist'-  Record, 
London.     22 — Bull,   of   Ent.   Research,   London.     26 — Ent. 
Anzeiger,    Wien.      28— Ent.    Tidskrift,    Upsala.      33— Bull. 


160  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May, '27 

et  An.,  Soc.  Ent.  Belgique.  34 — Mem.  Soc.  Ent.  Italiana, 
Geneva.  42 — Ent.  Meddelelser,  Kjobenhaven.  50 — Proc., 
U.  S.  National  Museum.  59 — Encyclopedic  Entomologie, 
Paris.  60 — Stettiner  Ent.  Zeitung.  64 — Zeit.  Oesterr.  Ent. 
Ver..  Wien.  69 — Comptes  R.,  Acad.  Sci.,  Paris.  80— 
Lepid.  Rundschau,  Wien.  81 — Folia  Myrmec.  et  Termit.. 
Berlin.  100— Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Philadelphia.  120- 
Ann.,  Naturh.  Mus.,  Wien.  150 — Jenaische  Zeit.  f.  Natur- 
wis:  enschaft.  154 — Zool.  Anzeiger,  Leipzig. 

GENERAL.— Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Natural  history  [of 
Colorado].  Arthropods.  (History  of  Colorado.  Chap.  4, 
p.  172-185.)  Emery,  C. — Obituary  and  bibliography.  (34, 
iv,  p.  201-222,  ill.)  Gribodo,  G. — Obituary  and  bibliography. 
(34,  iv.  p.  223-228.)  Hubault,  E.— Contribution  a  1'etude 
des  invertebres  torrenticoles.  (Suppl.  Bui.  Biol.  Fr.  et. 
Belg.,  ix,  388  pp.,  ill.)  Pochs,  F. — Bemerkungen  zu  clem 
"report  of  the  British  national  committee  on  entomological 
nomenclature."  (26,  yii,  p.  11-15,  cont.)  Scheerpeltz,  O.— 
Das  abbilden  entomologischer  objekte  uncl  praparate.  (26, 
vii,  p.  3-7,  ill,  cont.)  Sevastopulo,  D.  G. — Effect  of  naph- 
thaline on  larva.  (9,  Ix,  p.  66.)  Sich,  A. — On  nomenclature. 
(21,  xxxix,  p.  42-43.)  Thurner,  J. — Einige  interessante 
entomologische  begebenheiten.  (64,  xii,  p.  6-7.) 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Bledowski  u. 
Krainska. — Die  entwicklung  von  Banchus  femoralis.  (Bibl. 
Univ.  Lib.  Polonae,  1925,  Fasc.  16,  50  pp.,  ill.)  Cappe  de 
Baillon,  P. — J>a  descendance  des  monstres  doubles  de  Phas- 
mides  origine  des  intersexues.  (69,  clxxxiv,  p.  625-626.) 
Gerould,  J.  H. — Studies  in  the  general  physiology  and 
g'enetics  of  butterflies.  (Quart.  Rev.  Biology,  ii,  p.  58-78, 
ill.)  Knoll,  F. — Insekten  uncl  blumen.  Heft.  3.  Die  arum- 
bliitenstande  und  ihre  hesucher.  tJbe'r  den  bliitenbesuch 
der  honigbiene.  Die  erfolge  der  experimentellen  bliiten- 
okologie.'  (Abh.  Z.— Bot.  Ges.,  Wien,  xii,  p.  383-645,  ill.) 
Ljungdahl,  D. — Nagra  puppbeskrivningar.  (28,  xlvii.  p. 
184-199,  ill.)  Mclndoo,  N.  E.— Senses  of  the  cotton  boll 
weevil ;  an  attempt  to  explain  how  plants  attract  insects 
by  smell.  (Jour.  Agric.  Res.,  p.  1095-1139,  ill.)  Pruthi,  H.  S. 
-The  influence  of  some  physical  and  chemical  conditions 
of  water  on  may-fly  larvae  (Cloe'on  dipterum.).  (22,  xvii, 
p.  279-284,  ill.)  Pruthi,  H,  S.— Prothetely  in  insects.  (Na- 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  161 

ture,  cxix,  p.  391-392.)  Przibram,  H. — Kopftransplanta- 
tionen  bei  insekten.  (154,  Ixx,  p.  166.)  Weber,  H. — Das 
problem  der  gliederung  des  insektenthorax.  Das  labialseg- 
ment  uncl  das  grundschema  das  insektenthorax.  (154,  Ixx. 
p.  105-126,  ill.)  Wheeler,  W.  M. — The  physiognomy  of 
insects.  (Ouart.  Rev.  Biology,  ii,  p.  1-36,  ill.) 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Cameron,  A.  E.- 

A  local  outbreak  of  the  winter  or  moose  tick,  Dermacentor 
albipictus,  ( Ixodoidea )  in  Saskatchewan.  (22,  xvii,  p.  249- 
257,  ill.)  Verhoeff,  K.  W. — Bronns  Klassen  und  ordnungen 
des  tier-reichs.  Bd.  5,  Abt.  2,  Buch  2:  Diplopoda,  p.  129- 
480.  ill. 

(S)  *Roewer,  C.  F. — Opilioniden  aus  svid-amerika.  (Bol. 
Mus.  Zool.  A'nat.  Torino,  xl.  No.  34,  34  pp.,  ill.) 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.—  (N) 
Byers,  C.  F. — An  annotated  list  of  the  Odonata  of  Michigan. 
(Occ.  Pap.  of  the  Mus.  of  Xool.  Univ.  of  Mich.  No.  183, 
1-15  pp..  ill.) 

ORTHOPTERA.— (N)  *Hebard,  M.— A  remarkable  new 
genus  and  species  of  decticid  from  Liberty  County,  Florida 
(Tettigoniidae).  (1,  liii,  p.  1-4,  ill.)  Hebard,  M. — -Fixation 
of  the  single  types  of  species  of  orthoptera  described  by 
Cyrus  Thomas.  (100,  Ixxix,  p.  1-11.) 

HEMIPTERA— (S)  *Jensen-Haarup,  A.  C.— Prelim- 
inary descriptions  of  new  Hemiptera  in  the  collections  of 
the  zoological  museum  of  Copenhagen.  (42,  xvi.  p.  41-56.) 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Ander,  K.— Dm  larven  till  Pyrrhia 
umbra.  (28,  xlvii.  p.  79-82,  ill.)  Meyrick,  E. — Hereditary 
choice  of  food-plants  in  the  lepidoptera  and  its  evolutionary 
significance.  (Nature,  cxix,  p.  388.)  Roher,  A. — Ueber 
zweck  und  ursache  der  geselligen  lebensAveise  bci  raupen 
mancher  schmetterlingsarten.  (80,  1927,  p.  52-56.)  Rocci, 
U. — Ricerche  sulle  forme  del  gen.  Zygaena.  (34,  iv,  p.  154- 
176.  ill.) 

(S)  *Bouvier,  E.  L. — Xouvelles  contributions  a  la  coii- 
naissance  des  Saturnidae.  (59,  (B)  ii.  |).  15-32,  ill.)  Cock- 
erell,  T.  D.  A. — A  new  subspecies  of  Papilio  paeon.  (10, 
xxix,  p.  48.)  *LeCerf,  F. — Lepidopteres  nouveaux  du 
museum  d'histoire  naturelle  de  Paris  et  notes  di verses. 


162  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [May,  '27 


(59,  (B)  ii,  p.  44-48,  cont.)     Schuster  von  Forstner,  W.- 
Die  falterwelt  der  Galapagos-Inseln.     (17,  xliv,  p.  7.)     Spot- 
tau   Eulau,    O.  —  Erinnerungen    au    Sud-Amerika    [Another 
part  of  this  work  (pp.  50-64)  has  appeared  with  Insekten- 
borse  for  1927,  Nr.  6.] 

DIPTERA.  —  Abbreviations   of    Muscoid   characters.  —  In 

Supplementa  entomologica,  Nr.  14,  p.  39-42,  Dr.  C.  H.  T. 
Townsend  states  under  the  above  title  "In  future  all  mus- 
coid  descriptions  and  synopses  by  the  author  will  be  ab- 
breviated according  to  the  following  list:"  He  then  gives 
three  pages  of  abbreviations.  All  students  of  diptera  likely 
to  use  Dr.  Townsend's  papers  should  have  access  to  this 
list.  Feuerborn,  H.  J.  —  Ueber  chaetotaxis  und  typus  der 
larve  und  puppe  von  Psychoda.  (154,  Ixx,  p.  167-184,  ill.) 
v.  Frankenberg,  G.  —  Verlagerung  einer  schwimmblase  in 
den  ausgestiilpten  pharynx  bei  der  larve  von  Corethra. 
(154,  Ixx,  p.  127-134,  ill.)  Hertig  &  Hertig.—  A  technique 
for  artificial  feeding  of  sandflies  (Phlebotomus)  and  mos- 
quitoes. (Science,  Ixv,  p.  328-329.)  Johnson,  C.  W.  —  Some 
remarks  on  questionable  types.  (10,  xxix,  p.  45-46.) 
Kunike,  G.  —  Experimentelle  untersuchungen  ii  b  e  r  die 
moglichkeit  der  uebertragung  der  maul-und  klauenseuche 
durch  fliegen.  (Centralb.  Bakt.  Par.  u.  Infekt.,  Jena,  cii, 
p.  68-81.)  Petzold,  W.  —  Bau  und  funktion  des  hypopygiums 
bei  den  tachinen,  unter  besonderer  beriicksichtigung  der 
kieferneulentachine  (Ernestia  rudis).  (150,  Ixiii,  p.  1-50, 
ill.)  Roubaud,  E.  —  Sur  1'hibernation  de  quelques  mouches 
communes.  (25,  1927.  p.  24-25.)  Shannon,  R.  C.—  On  the 
characteristics  of  the  occiput  of  the  diptera.  (10,  xxix, 
p.  47-48.) 

(N)  *Dyar  &  Shannon.  —  The  North  Am.  two-winged  flies 
of  the  family  Simulidae.  (50,  Ixix,  Art.  10,  54  pp.,  ill.) 
*Krober,  O.  —  Die  Chrysops-arten  Nordamerikas  einschl. 
Mexicos.  (60,  Ixxxvii,  p.  209-353,  ill.) 

(S)    *Borgmeier,   T.  —  Phorideos   myrmecophilos   da   Ar- 
gentina.    (Bol.  Mus.  Nac.  R.  d.  Janeiro,  ii.  No.  3,  p.  1-33, 
ill.)     *Brethes,  J.  —  (See  under  Coleoptera).     *Duda,  O.— 
Monographic    der    Sepsiden.      Neotropische    region.      (120, 
xl,  p.  79-95,  ill.) 

COLEOPTERA.—  Falkenstrom,  G.—  Beitrage  zur  kennt- 
nis  der  biologic  der  halipliden  und  der  metamorphose  von 


xxxviii, '27]  F.XTOMOI.OCICAL  .\F.\\S  163 

Haliplus  iminaculaUis.  (28,  xlvii.  p.  1-28.  ill.)  Kemner, 
N.  A. — Spinnende  tenebrioniden-larven.  (28,  xlvii,  p.  65-78, 
ill.)  Kemner,  N.  A. — /.ar  Kenntnis  drr  staphyliniden- 
larven.  (28,  xlvii,  p.  133-170,  ill.)  Richmond,  E."  A.— Ol- 
factory response  of  the  Japanese  l)eetle,  Popillia  japonica. 
(10,  xxix,  p.  36-44.)  "Withycombe,  C.  L.— The  South 
American  boll-worm  of  cotton  (Sacadodes  pyralis.)  (22, 
xvii,  p.  265-271,  ill.) 

(N)  *Buchanan,  L.  L. — A  review  of  Panscopus  (Otior- 
hynchidae).  (10,  xxix,  p.  25-36,  ill.)  Tanner,  V.  M.— A 
preliminary  study  of  the  genitalia  of  female  coleoptera.  (1, 
liii,  p.  5-50,  ill. ) 

(S)  *Bretbe3,  J. — Un  coleoptere  et  un  diptere  nouveaux 
de  la  Georgic  du  Sud.  (Com.  Mus.  Nac.  Hist.  Nat.  Buenos 
Aires,  ii,  ]>.  169-173,  ill.)  :i:Chapin,  E.  A.— The  beetles  of 
the  family  Cleridae  collected  on  the  Mulford  biological  ex- 
])loration  of  the  Amazon  IK: sin.  (50,  Ixxi.  Art.  2,  10  pp.) 
*Kleine,  R — Neue  gattungcn  und  arten  aus  der  familie 
Brenthidae.  (60,  Ixxxvii,  p.  354-372.  ill.)  -Kriesche,  R.- 
NTeue  Lucaniden.  (60,  Ixxxvii.  p.  382-385.)  *Marshall, 
G.  A.  K. — Xew  injurious  ( 'urculionidae.  (22,  xvii,  p.  199- 
218,  ill.)  *Moser,  J. —  Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  Melolon- 
thiden.  (60,  Ixxxvii.  p.  198-208.)  *Thery,  A.— Recherches 
synonymiques  sur  les  Buprestides  et  descriptions  d'especes 
nouvelles.  (33,  Ixvii,  p.  33-48,  ill.) 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bugnion,  E.— Les  pieces  buccales, 
le  sac  infrabuccal  et  le  pharynx  des  fourmis.  (81,  i.  p.  59- 
71.  ill.)  Karawajew,  W. —  Kin  fall  von  lateralem  hermaph- 
roditismus  bei  ameisen  und  ein  fall  defekter  korperbildung. 
(81,  i,  p.  45-47.) 

(N.)  Bluthgen,  P. —  Beitriige  zur  systematik  der  bienen- 
gattung  Sphccodes.  (Zoo!  Jahrb.,  Syst,  liii,  p.  23-112,  ill.) 
*Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W. — A  revision  of  the  parasitic  wasps 
of  the  subfamily  Braconin.-ie  occurring  in  America,  north 
of  Mexico.  (50,  Ixix,  Art.  16,  73  pp..  ill.) 

(S)  *Reichensperger,  A. —  Eigenartiger  nestbefund  und 
nc'ue  gaslarten  neotro])ischer  Solenopsis-Arten.  (81,  i.  ]>. 
47-51.)  "Rohwer,  S.  A. — Sonic  scoliid  was])s  from  tropical 
America.  (Jour.  \\"ash.  Ac.  Sci.,  xvii,  p.  150-155.)  *Sant- 
schi,  F. — A  propos  du  Tetramorium  caespitum.  (81,  i.  p. 
52-58.)  *Santschi,  J. — Fourmis  des  Provinces  Argentines 


164  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '27 

de  Sante  Fe,  Catamarca,  Santa  Cruz,  Cordoba  ct  Los  Ande>. 
(Com.  Mus.  Nac.  Hist.  Nat.  Buenos  Aires,  ii,  p.  149-168, 

ill.)  

SPECIAL  NOTICES. 

Acta    Societatis    Entomologicae    Serbo-Croato-Slovanae. 

Volume  one,  number  one  of  the  new  publication  has  just 
been  received.  As  the  titles  and  most  of  the  text  are  in 
Russian,  no  records  will  be  made  in  this  bibliography. 

Biologic  der  Tiere  Deutschlands.  Herausg.  von  Paul 
Schulze.  Lief.  23,  Th.  41  :  Strepsiptera  von  W.  Ulrich. 
103  pp.,  ill.  This  work  should  prove  useful  to  students  of 
this  order. 

Lepidopterologische  Rundschau.  This  is  a  new  journal 
issued  with  the  Entomologischer  Anzeiger  published  by 
Adolf  Hoffmann,  Wien. 


REVISTA  CHILENA  DE  HISTORIA  NATURAL,  Volume  XXX, 
1926.  Dr.  CARLOS  E.  PORTER,  Director  and  Editor. — The  thir- 
tieth volume  of  this  important  publication  has  recently  ap- 
peared. It  covers  533  pages  and  contains  many  illustrations. 
While  articles  on  different  branches  of  natural  history  are 
published  in  the  volume,  entomology  seems  perhaps  to  hold 
the  principal  place,  and  there  are  many  notes  on  insects,  usually 
rather  short  and  of  diverse  character.  Insects  of  a  number  of 
different  orders  are  included.  While  the  language  for  the 
most  part  is  Spanish,  English  and  French  are  also  used,  and 
the  authors  are  by  no  means  confined  to  South  America.  The 
present  volume  contains  articles  by  Dr.  Walther  Horn  of 
German)'  and  Father  Navas  of  Spain.  An  interesting  feature 
of  the  volume  is  the  publication  of  a  number  of  portraits  of 
naturalists.  The  present  volume  contains  especially  good  oiu-s 
of  Dr.  R.  A.  Philippi,  Prof.  Carlo  Emery,  Dr.  Carlos  Spe- 
gazzini  and  Dr.  A.  Lipschutz.  The  volume  is  also  of  much 
interest  from  its  department  of  scientific  news,  its  series  of 
notes  from  Doctor  Porter's  correspondence,  and  from  its  ac- 
counts of  the  proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Society  of 
Chile,  of  the  Chilean  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  and  of  the 
Chilean  Society  of  Natural  History.  One  must  wonder  at  the 
indefatigable  energy  of  Doctor  Porter  and  must  praise  him 
for  this  tangible  result  of  his  long  work. 

L.  O.   1  IOWARD. 


JUNE,  1927 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXXVIII 


No.  6 


JAMES  H.  B.  BLAND, 

1833-1911 


CONTENTS 

Buchanan  —  Notes  on   Some   Light-Attracted   Beetles  from   Louisiana 

(Coleoptera)        ........................ 

Porter  —  Collecting  Experiences  in  Ecuador  .............. 

Malloch  —  A  New  Species  of  the  Genus  FanniaR.-D.  from  North  America 

(Diptera,  Anthomyiidae)   ................... 

Thorington—  Some  Coleoptera  of  the  North  Saskatchewan  Headwaters 

—Canadian  Rocky  Mountains  ............... 

Alexander  —  Undescribed  Species  of  Crane-flies  from  the  Eastern  United 

States  and  Canada  (Dipt.  :  Tipulidae.      Part  IV  ........ 

Garth—  Los  Angeles  Butterfly  Show  .....    ,    ............. 

Fernald  Entomological  Club  ..................... 

Editorial  —  Does  Familiarity  Breed  Contempt  ?  ............        ]S5 

Personals  ..........................    ...        186 

Howard  —  Additions  to  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  ..........        186 

Entomological  Literature  ..........  ..........        187 

Review  —  The  Lepidoptera  Named  by  George  A.  Ehrmann  ......         ];i5 

Doings  of  Societies  —  The  American  Entomological  Society  .......        195 

Obituary—  William  Lochhead,  Frank  R.  Mason    ..........  196 


165 
170 

176 
177 

181 
184 
LS4 


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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIII. 


Plate  III. 


MICRALCINUS    KALMBACHI,    1-6;     HALTICA     LUDOVICIANA,    7-9: 
OCHROSIDIA    NIGRICOLLIS,   1 0-1  7. -BUCHANAN. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XXXVIII  JUNE,   1927  No.  6 

Notes  on  Some  Light- Attracted  Beetles  from 
Louisiana  (Coleop.). 

By  L.  L.  BUCHANAN,  U.  S.  Biological  Survey. 
(Plate  III.) 

The  following  notes  are  based  on  a  large  assortment  of  light- 
attracted  beetles,  collected  by  E.  R.  Kalmbach,  of  the  Biological 
Survey,  during  the  summer  of  1925 l.  All  of  the  material 
was  picked  up  under  a  single  light  on  the  outskirts  of  Gueydan, 
a  small  town  about  30  miles  from  the  Gulf  Coast,  in  south- 
western Louisiana.  The  collection  probably  contains  a  good 
proportion  of  the  night-flying  beetles  of  this  locality,  and  offers 
a  fine  illustration  of  the  possibilities  of  light  collecting  under 
favorable  conditions. 

Several  hundred  thousand  specimens  of  beetles2,  represent- 
ing more  than  250  species  of  34  families,  were  secured  in  about 
two  dozen  visits  to  the  one  light,  during  the  period  from  early 
in  May  to  late  in  August.  Approximately  one-fifth  of  the 
species  taken  are  represented  by  good  series,  ranging  in  num- 
ber of  individuals  from  8  or  10  up  to  many  thousands  each. 
The  Carabidae,  especially  in  the  Clivini  and  the  smaller  Har- 
palini,  outnumbered  any  other  family  in  species  and  individuals, 
followed  by  the  Dytiscidae,  Hyclrophilidae,  Curculionidae, 
Scarabaeidae,  Anthicidae,  Staphylinidae,  Chrysomelidae,  Het- 
eroceridae  and  Elateridae. 

Of  the  species  which  came  regularly  and  abundantly,  Lis- 
sorhoptrus  simplex,  the  rice  water-weevil,  probably  heads  the 

iMany  Hemiptera  and  a  few  Diptera,  Hymenoptera  and  Orthop- 
tera  also  were  taken.  Fortunately  for  the  condition  of  the  specimens 
of  these  orders,  Lepidoptera  were  rarely  encountered. 

2It  should  be  noted  that  Mr.  Kalmbach  kept,  for  each  evening's 
representation,  a  sample  only  of  the  immense  swarms  that  some- 
times came  to  the  light;  the  total  number  attracted,  therefore,  must 
have  reached  figures  well  into  the  millions.  The  subject  of  notable 
aggregations  of  insects  is  covered  in  an  interesting  article  by 
Charles  T.  Brues,  American  Naturalist,  LX,  No.  671,  Nov. -Dec., 
1926,  pp.  526-545. 

165 


166  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XEWS  [June,  '27 

• 

list ;  one  night's  catch  of  this  beetle  numbered  several  thousand 
individuals.  Others  which  appeared  in  profusion  are  :— 
EnocJirus  oc/iracens,  Bcrosns  spp.,  Cclina  angiistata,  Lacco- 
philns  sp.,  Bidessns  spp.,  Monocrepidius  bcllus,  Eulimnichus 
atcr,  Atacnlus  and  Aph&dius  spp.  and  Anthicus  spp.  Unusual 
features  of  the  collection  as  a  whole  are  the  dominance  of 
aquatic,  subaquatic  and  epigeal  forms  ;  the  scarcity  of  certain 
arboreal  groups  ordinarily  met  with  at  light, — such  as  the 
Cerambycidae,  of  which  a  single  species  only,  Stcnodontcs 
dasystonuis  Say,  was  taken  ;  and  the  presence  of  one  species 
of  Sphenophorus  (Indovicianus  Chttn.),  the  only  record  known 
to  the  writer  of  a  member  of  this  genus  coming  to  light. 

It  is  not  desirable  to  go  into  detail  here  regarding  most  of 
the  species,  but  three  of  them  which  happen  to  be  little  known 
or  of  more  than  usual  taxonomic  interest,  are  figured  and 
briefly  discussed. 

CYCLOCEPITALA  ROBUSTA  Lee.,  a  Scarabaeid  described  from 
Texas  in  1856  but  apparently  not  recently  recognized,  was  col- 
lected at  Gueydan  in  small  numbers  about  equally  divided  be- 
tween the  sexes.  Horn  (71-336)  states  that  robusta  is  the  same 
as  nigricollis  Burmeister  (47-54),  basing  the  synonymy  on  an 
examination  of  typical  specimens  of  nigricollis  sent  him  from 
Europe  by  Leconte.  Casey  omits  the  Burmeister  and  Leconte 
names  in  his  1915  review  of  the  Dynastinae,  and  Leng  (18-260) 
lists  both  as  unrecognized  forms  of  Spihsota  Csy.  The  re- 
jection of  Horn's  synonymy,  and  the  uncertainty  regarding  the 
systematic  position  of  nigricollis  and  robusta  are  probably  due, 
in  large  part,  to  the  pronounced  sexual  differences  which  will 
be  described  later.  The  Gueydan  species  fits  rob  list  a,  accord- 
ing to  a  comparison  Mr.  Banks  kindly  made  with  the  Leconte 
type,  and  so  far  as  I  can  see  it  agrees  also,  in  all  essentials, 
with  Burmeister's  description  of  nigricollis.  It  is  significant 
that  Burmiester  mentions  particularly  the  dark  color  and  shin- 
ing surface  of  his  species,  two  very  characteristic  features  which 
contrast  strongly  with  the  pallid  coloration  of  the  other  Cy- 
cloccphala,  most  of  which  are  now  placed  with  Ochrosidio  and 
Spilosota.  The  foregoing  considerations  leave  no  reasonable 
doubt  that  Horn's  synonymy  is  correct,  and  that  nigricollis 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  167 

Burm.,  with  its  synonym  robusta  Lee.,  shcnilcl  be  reinstated  as 
a  valid  species  in  the  North  American  list. 

The  generic  position  of  nii/ricollis,  however,  is  not  clear. 
It  belongs  with  either  Spilosota  or  Ochrosidia,  differing  from 
the  former  in  the  shape  of  clypeus,  dark  color  and  more 
rounded  ligular  apex  ;  and  from  the  latter  in  the  more  widely 
separated  middle  coxae,  darker  color,  and  in  its  special  com- 
bination of  characters.  Though  there  is  little  choice  between 
the  two  generic  assignments,  it  is  perhaps  better  to  place 
nigriaollis  provisionally  with  Ochrosidia,  which  already  in- 
cludes a  considerable  diversity  of  structural  detail,  rather  than 
with  the  smaller  and  more  sharply  defined  genus  Spilosota. 
Granting  the  inclusion  of  niyricollis  in  Ochrosidia,  the  species 
will  form  the  type  of  an  additional  section,— -"Section  C",— 
of  Casey's  Group  I  (15-142)  as  follows:— 

Body  stout ;  pronotum  margined  at  base,  the  margin 
often  more  or  less  interrupted  at  middle ;  hind  tarsi  as 
in  Section  A;  larger  claw  of  anterior  male  tarsi  simple, 
i.e.,  uncleft ;  d1  hairy,  ?  glabrous,  above;  color  above,  at 
least  on  elytra,  darker  than  in  any  other  Ochrosidia,  rang- 
ing from  reddish-brown  to  nearly  black,  pronotum  paler. 
Section  C.  nigric&llis  Burm.  (syn.  robusta  Lee.)  Tex.;  La. 

OCHROSIDIA  NIGRICOLLIS  Burmeister.  Body  robust,  a  lit- 
tle stouter  and  more  convex  in  the  ? ;  more  shining  above, 
and  with  slightly  coarser  punctuation  than  in  villosa  or  im- 
ni'jculata  ;  d1  darker  above  in  general  than  ? ;  head  generally 
black  or  dark  reddish,  clypeus  a  little  paler,  pronotum  in  £ 
clear  rufous  except  for  the  submarginal  dark  spot,  in  d1  gen- 
erally marked  with  a  large  dark  cloud  each  side  of  middle 
in  addition  to  the  marginal  spots.  Elytra  reddish  to  nearly 
black,  a  little  paler  than  vertex  of  head. 

Dorsum  of  d1,  including  the  pygidium  but  excluding  the 
clypeus,  clothed  with  fine  erect  hairs  which  vary  from  one-half 
to  three-fourths  length  of  scutellum  ;  dorsum  of  ?  glabrous 
except  for  some  short  hairs  along  sides  of  elytra,  and  a  widely 
spaced  row  along  sutural  interval.  Pronotum  margined  across 
base,  the  margin  sometimes  complete,  but  generally  more  or 
less  interrupted,  rarely  entirely  absent,  at  middle.  Ligula  ob- 
long.  sides  subparallel  from  near  base  to  apical  fifth  where 
they  converge  to  the  rounded  or  sub-truncate  apex.  The 


168  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,  '27 

apical   ligular  lobes,   so  distinct  in   immaculate, ,  etc.,  are  here 
at  most  very  feebly  developed. 

Length.  10-  12  mm.  Sexual  differences  affecting  the  head, 
eyes,  antennae  and  legs  are  figured. 

HALTICA  LUDOVICIANA  Fall,  another  beetle  taken  by  Mr. 
Kahnbach,  is  of  some  interest  on  account  of  its  close  super- 
ficial resemblance  to  certain  Lupcrodcs,  such  as  L.  incraca. 

The  d  is  smaller  than  $,  with  the  antennae  relatively  a  little 
longer,  and  with  the  apical  margin  of  the  last  ventral  segment 
very  feebly  produced,  at  middle  third,  in  a  broadly  rounded, 
transversely  impressed  lobe.  The  third  and  fourth  tarsal  seg- 
ments, and  the  tips  of  first  and  second,  are  dusky.  Length, 
4.25-5.25  mm. 

The  Curculionid  genus  MICRALCLNUS  is  represented  in  the 
Gueydan  collection  by  two  examples  of  an  undescribed  spe- 
cies, and  is  brought  to  notice  here  chiefly  to  point  out  its  true 
antennal  structure.  Leconte  (76-235)  in  describing  Micral- 
cinus,  does  not  state  the  number  of  funicular  segments,  but 
assumably  knew  it  to  be  7,  since  he  included  his  genus  in  the 
Ithypori  with  genera  having  a  7-segmented  funicle.  Blatch- 
ley  did  not  have  specimens  but,  believing  the  number  to  be  6, 
transfers  the  genus  from  the  Ithypori  to  the  Cryptorhynchini, 
placing  it  next  Tyloderma  (16-488  and  494).  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  the  funicle  is  distinctly  7-segmented,  both  in  the  new 
species  and  in  M.  cribrahis  Lee.,  of  which  there  is  a  small 
series  in  the  National  Museum  collection.  The  organization  of 
the  body  in  general  is  also  of  a  normal  Ithyporid  type,  the 
shape  of  the  scrobe  and,  more  particularly,  the  structure  of  pro- 
and  meso-sternum  being  diagnostic.  In  view  of  these  facts, 
it  is  clear  that  Micralcinns  belongs,  as  Leconte  placed  it,  in 
the  vicinity  of  ConotraOhelus.  It  differs  from  any  other  of 
our  Ithyporid  genera  in  its  free  and  simple  claws,  protuberant 
mesosternum,  flat  elytral  intervals,  and  strongly  developed 
prothoracic  ocular  lobes.  The  anterior  coxae  are  narrowly 
separated, — about  as  in  Conotrachclus  crataegi. 

External  sexual  differences  of  Micrahinns,  taken  from  M. 
cribratus  Lee,  are; — d  with  a  concavity  at  base  of  abdomen, 
and  with  fore  tibiae  distinctly  arcuate;  ?  with  the  last  ab- 
dominal segment  deflexed  upward  (as  in  Apion)  and  arcuately 
flattened  across  apical  fifth;  legs  shorter  and  stouter. 

The  two  species  are  separated  as  follows ;— 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   .\K\VS  169 

1.  Femora  unarmed;  sides  of  pronotum  subparallel  in  basal 
two-thirds  ;   Florida    crihnttits   Leconte 

2.  Femora    with    a    small    tooth:    sides    of    pronotum    slightly 
converging  from  middle  to  base;  Louisiana,  kalmbachi  n.  sp. 

Micralcinus  kalmbachi,  new  species. 

Length,  4.1  mm.  (prothqrax  and  elytra);  width,  2  mm.; 
length  of  prothorax,  1.09  mm.,  width.  1.3  mm.  Body  oblong, 
ground  color  reddish,  the  elytra  irregularly  marked  with  black 
blotches.  Vestiture  of  narrow,  white,  prostrate,  scale-like  hairs. 
Prothorax  cribrately  punctured. 

Beak  sub-cylindrical,  evenly  curved,  rugosely  punctured, 
bluntly  carinate  above,  coarsely  foveate  between  the  eyes,  very 
feebly  set  off  from  head ;  vestiture  fine,  sparse,  and  lying  trans- 
versely. Head  coarsely  and  closely  punctured,  the  hairs  short- 
er and  closer  than  on  beak.  Fyes  moderately  convex. 

Punctures  of  pronotum  nearly  meeting  along  middle,  vesti- 
ture very  sparse,  but  longer,  especially  at  sides,  than  on  beak 
or  elytra.  Elytra  with  humeri  rounded,  more  prominent  than 
in  Tyloderma  foveolata,  less  so  than  in  Condtrachelus  naso. 
Strial  punctures  large  and  close,  the  striae  themselves  not  de- 
fined except  on  declivity ;  intervals  nearly  Mat,  the  sutural 
slightly  elevated  on  declivity.  Scales  6  or  8  times  longer  than 
broad,  prostrate  except  for  an  unevenly  spaced,  inclined  row 
along  alternate  intervals  (beginning  with  sutural),  condensed 
in  a  patch  at  base  of  3rd  interval,  and  showing  a  tendency  to 
form  spots  or  transverse  bands.  The  scales  are  unevenly  dis- 
tributed, being  contiguous  or  slightly  overlapping  in  a  few 
places,  widely  separated  in  others,  and  extremely  minute  and 
sparse  on  the  black  areas.  The  black  areas  differ  in  size,  shape 
and  position  on  the  two  elytra,  though  the  spot  on  declivity 
and  the  broad  streak  along  margin  from  base  to  near  apex  ap- 
pear to  be  more  constant. 

Under  surface  darker  than  above,  vestiture,  which  is  of 
hairs  rather  than  scales,  less  appressed  than  above.  Punc- 
tures large,  not  very  dense,  smaller  and  denser  on  5th  segment, 
—in  no  place  approaching  the  size  of  the  pronotal  punctures. 
Tibiae  nearly  straight,  shorter  than  femora.  The  femoral  tooth, 
more  strictly  a  denticle,  is  most  prominent  on  the  posterior 
legs,  and  hardly  visible  on  the  front  pair. 

"2  W,   Gueydan,    Louisiana,    Aug.    5,    1925,   at   light.      E.   R. 
ECalmbach. 

Type,  Cat.  No.  40101,  I".  S.  National  Museum.  Paratype  in 
collection  Biological  Survey. 


1/0  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |  |uiH',  '27 

The  mesosternal  protuberance  differs  in  the  two  examples, 
having  its  anterior  face  nearly  perpendicular  in  the  type,  but 
slightly  produced  forward  at  apex,  and  consequently  sloping 
backward  in  profile,  in  the  paratype.  In  cribratus  Lee.  the 
sides  of  the  elytra  are  a  little  more  convergent  apically,  and  the 
legs  ($)  stouter,  than  in  kalmbachi. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  III. 

Figs.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  and  6: — Micralcinus  kalmbachi,  n.  sp.  la, 
posterior  leg;  Ib,  anterior  leg.  2,  anterior  tarsus. 

Figs.  7,  8,  and  9: — Enlarged  antenna,  dorsal  view  of  body, 
and  posterior  leg  of  Haltica  ludoviciana. 

Figs.  10  to  17  inclusive: — Ochrosidia  nigricollis.  10,  end  view 
of  tip  of  posterior  tibia  of  $ ;  11,  posterior  tibia  and  tarsus 
of  $;  12,  same  of  d1;  16,  anterior  tibia  and  tarsus  of  ? ;  17,  same 
of  c?.  __^____ 

Collecting  Experiences  in  Ecuador. 

EDITOR  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS: 

Huigra,   Ecuador, 
Feb.   14th,  1927. 

In  response  to  your  request  for  a  letter  for  the  NEWS, 
descriptive  of  my  trip,  and  collecting  experiences,  during 
the  three  and  a  half  months  I  have  spent  in  this  interest- 
ing "country  of  revolutions,"  1  shall  try  to  give  you  a  brief 
account  of  my  experiences  in  Ecuador.* 

After  awaiting  the  arrival  of  Mr.  W.  J.  Coxey,  of  your 
city,  who  joined  me  in  Guayaquil  to  make  the  trip  with 
me  through  Ecuador,  we  took  train  to  lluigra.  I  had  letters 
of  introduction  to  J.  C.  Dobbie,  president  of  the  Guayaquil 
&  Quito  Railway  Company  and  also  to  Mr.  F.  J.  \Yhite, 
Mr.  Bobbie's  assistant,  who  have  their  offices  here.  It 
happened  that  we  met  these  gentlemen  on  the  train  going 
up  and  after  presenting  my  letters,  an  invitation  to  tea 
the  following  afternoon  and  a  game  of  tennis  was  extended. 
The  next  day  we  called  at  Mr.  Bobbie's  office  and  he  pre- 
sented us  with  letters  giving  vis  free  transportation  over 

*  See  the  NEWS  for  December,  1926,  pages  325-328.  Mr.  Coxey's 
narrative  of  his  expedition  has  been  published  in  the  Year  Huok  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  for  1926,  pp.  5-20,  with 
photographic  illustrations. — ED. 


XXXviii,  '27  I  ENTOMOLOGICAL    .XF.WS  171 

the  entire  line  and  funiishecl  u>  \\-ith  a  gravity  car  to  take 
our  baggage  to  Kilometer  Post  No.  (>l),  where  we  estab- 
lished our  camp  alongside-  of  the  railway  track  in  a  good 
collecting  locality.  (  >nr  cam])  was  made  a  Hag  station  and  we 
could  Hag  any  and  all  trains  at  any  time,  which  made  it  very 
easy  to  reach  go:>d  collecting  localities  either  up  or  down  the 
track,  and  then  ilag  any  train  available  to  return  to  camp.  \\  e 
spent  ten  days  here  and  secured  some  good  things.  We  ihen 
returned  to  Huigra  and  I  went  on  to  Quito,  while  Mr.  Coxey 
remained  a  few  days  in  Huigra. 

Enroute  to  Quito  one  enjoys  some  beautiful  scenery,  pic- 
turesque huts  and  villages;  quaint  Indian  venders  visit  the 
train  to  sell  fruits,  etc.,  hut  the  crowning  features  of  the  trip 
are  the  superb  views  one  gets  (if  it  is  clear)  of  Cotopaxi, 
Tunguragua,  and  the  mighty  Chimborazo  towering  something 
over  20,000  feet  above  sea  level  and  the  second  highest  moun- 
tain in  South  America.  All  the  above  are  snow-capped  and 
Tunguragua  is  an  active  volcano. 

In  Quito,  one  evening  just  before  dinner,  1  was  startled  by 
loud  shouting,  the  firing  of  rifles  and  crashing  of  glass.  On 
looking  out  I  saw  thousands  of  men  filling  the  streets  who 
were  being  driven  by  mounted  soldiers  in  front  of  them. 
These  men,  mostly  students,  remonstrated  with  clubs  and 
stones,  while  the  soldiers  used  their  swords  frequently  and 
now  and  then  a  gunshot  was  heard.  It  lasted  but  two  hours 
with  one  man  killed  and  several  injured  and  was  one  of  those 
frequent  uprisings  which  spring  up  here  at  a  moment's  notice. 
On  my  return  from  (Juito  I  stopped  at  Kiobamba  to  visit 
friends  and  outfit  with  provisions,  etc.,  for  my  trip  into  die 
interior.  1  had  secured  two  men  in  (Juito  to  accompany  me  and 
they  arrived  on  the  loth  of  November  on  which  day  we  left 
Riobamba  with  six  burros  for  cargo  and  a  mule  which  I  rode, 
my  two  men  .and  two  Indian  drivers  going  on  foot.  The  first 
day  was  through  a  sandy  desert-like  country  with  much  cac- 
tus, sand  dunes  and  other  desert  characteristics.  That  night 
we  slept  in  a  schoolhouse  and  were  off  next  day  at  5  A.  M. 
We  crossed  a  very  rickety  bridge  over  which  the  burros  had 
to  be  literally  dragged;  all  cargo  was  unloaded  and  carried 


172  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,  '27 

across  by  hand.  Our  next  difficulty  was  in  passing  with 
safety  through  a  canyon  near  the  foot  of  Tunguragua.  The 
walls  of  this  canyon  were  100  to  150  feet  high  and  composed 
of  boulders,  large  and  small,  embedded  in  fine  loose  volcanic 
ash.  The  canyon  was  from  10  to  50  feet  wide  at  the  bottom 
where  our  trail  led,  and  the  wind  whistled  down  it  with  great 
force,  carrying  a  blinding  cloud  of  volcanic  ash  as  it  went. 
The  wind  formed  the  canyon  as  no  water  ever  flows  in  it 
and  as  the  wind  blew  away  the  loose  volcanic  ash  from  around 
the  boulders  imbedded  in  the  side  walls  these  boulders  came 
crashing  down  at  intervals  so  numerous  as  to  make  it  dan- 
gerous to  pass,  but  there  was  no  other  way.  You  may  ima- 
gine how  I  felt  in  a  blinding  dust  storm  groping  along  with 
boulders  dropping  in  front  and  behind  me,  any  one  of  which 
would  have  killed  me  had  it  struck  me.  I  got  through 
with  safety  as  did  also  all  the  burros  and  all  my  men  but  one. 
One  poor  Indian  driver  was  struck  and  had  to  be  carried  up 
out  of  the  canyon,  but  after  an  hour's  delay  he  recovered  and 
we  went  on.  One  boulder  struck  a  wooden  box  on  the  back 
of  a  burro  and  broke  the  half-inch-thick  boards,  but  no  really 
serious  accident  occurred,  so  we  arrived  in  the  small  village 
of  Barios  that  night  at  7  o'clock  very  tired  and  for  my  part 
sore  and  lame,  as  I  was  not  used  to  mule  riding. 

We  rested  a  day  in  Banos  and  I  collected  a  few  things 
nearby,  visited  a  beautiful  waterfall  which  drops  some  300 
feet,  and  not  50  feet  from  this  a  large  hot  spring  gushes  forth 
and  at  about  100  feet  the  other  side  of  the  falls  is  some  of  the 
finest  mineral  water  I  ever  drank.  After  a  day's  rest  we 
went  on  to  Yunguilia  where  I  stopped  ten  days  to  collect,  but 
collecting  was  not  very  good,  so  I  took  six  mules  and  went 
on  two  days  further  to  Mera  where  I  stayed  three  weeks. 
Here,  one  evening  at  dusk,  as  I  was  busy  at  my  table  with 
sorting  and  papering  the  day's  catch,  I  heard  shouting  and 
saw  six  men  chasing  a  man  who  was  carrying  a  large  cutlass. 
On  inquiry  I  learned  that  the  man  they  were  after  had  almost 
cut  a  man's  head  off.  Sure  enough,  a  moment  later  two  women 
came  leading  this  poor  fellow  to  me  for  medical  aid.  This 
terrible  gash  gaped  some  three  inches  wide  open,  with  the 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  .VKWS  173 

blood  spurting  from  arteries  in  all  directions.  The  sight 
sickened  me,  I  was  no  doctor  and  knew  verv  little  of  what 
should  he  done,  hut  there  was  no  time  to  lose,  so  we  laid  the 
poor  fellow  down  on  a  dirt  lloor  and  with  die  crude  instru- 
ments and  knowledge  1  had  1  set  to  work.  I  first  bathed  ihe 
entire  wound  in  iodine  and  with  alcohol,  then  dipping  my 
butterfly  forceps  in  iodine  I  caught  the  arteries  one  by  one, 
pulled  them  out  and  tied  each  with  a  thread  soaked  in  iodine. 
Then  with  needle  and  thread,  dipped  in  iodine,  I  sewed  up 
the  great  gaping  wound  and  I  had  no  idea  the  human  hide 
was  so  tough.  I  broke  four  needles  on  the  job  and  had  to  use 
the  spool  to  force  the  needle  through  each  stitch.  After  this 
another  bath  in  iodine  and  cotton  and  bandages  completed  the 
job.  I  expected  to  hear  any  time  he  was  dead,  as  the  bone 
supporting  the  head  could  be  plainly  seen,  so  deep  was  vhe 
cut,  but  the  night  passed  and  he  still  lived.  I  called  to  take 
his  temperature  and  read  his  pulse.  I  gave  him  a  laxative  and 
his  brother  got  four  Indians  to  carry  him  over  the  rough 
trails  three-days'  journey  to  Ambato  to  the  clinic.  After  two 
weeks  this  poor  fellow  sent  me  a  letter,  thanking  me  for  what 
1  had  done  and  the  doctor  added  a  note  stating  that  the  man 
would  live,  and  he  did,  for  I  saw  him  in  Ambato  three  months 
later  on  my  return  from  the  Oriente  district. 

Collecting  in  and  about  Mera  was  only  fair  though  I  did  get 
one  or  two  very  good  things,  the  prize  being  the  large  white 
Morpho  fruhstorfcri.  After  three  weeks  in  Alera  I  sent  one 
of  my  men  two  days'  journey  to  Canelos  to  secure  eight  In- 
dians to  carry  my  cargo  on  to  Puyo.  We  left  at  9  A.  M.  but 
the  trails  were  very  bad  and  the  walking  was  difficult  and 
night  overtook  us  before  we  reached  our  destination,  so  ihe 
Indians  cut  palm  leaves  and  made  a  rude  shelter  to  keep  the  rain 
off.  On  other  palm  leaves,  which  were  spread  on  the  ground 
for  a  bed,  I  laid  down  in  soaked  clothing  without  food,  light, 
or  even  a  smoke  and  spent  the  night  wondering  if  I  would  get 
sick  from  my  experience.  Next  day  we  were  off  at  daylight, 
wading  through  mud  and  water  in  places  knee  deep  and  in 
one  place  one  Indian  sank  in  so  deep  that  he  could  not  extri- 
cate himself  with  the  75-pound  pack  he  was  carrying  and  had 


174  ENTOMOI.OCK'AL    NEWS  uilC,  '27 


to  be  pulled  out.  It  rained  torrents  all  the  way  and  we  ar- 
rived at  9  o'clock  that  morning  in  Ptiyo,  pretty  well  tired  out 
and  soaked  through  and  through.  A  delay  of  two  days  here 
was  needed  to  secure  other  Indians  and  two  canoes  to  go  on 
to  Indillyama,  a  one-day  trip  down  the  Pindo  and  Puyo  rivers 
where  we  arrived  safely  after  one  or  two  exciting  moments 
while  shooting  the  rapids. 

At  Indillyama  we  secured  eight  other  Indians  for  another 
hike  over  the  mountains  to  Canelos.  The  trail  followed  a 
knife-like  ridge  a  good  share  of  the  way  and  was  better  than 
the  Puyo  trail,  but  it  rained  all  day  and  we  had  to  cross  three 
rivers  which  were  high  because  of  much  rain  and  we  were 
soaked  up  to  our  waists  in  crossing  them.  The  Indians  had 
gone  on  ahead  and  one  of  my  men,  who  said  he  knew  the 
trail,  got  lost  and  we  were  wandering  about,  yelling  and  shout- 
ing for  help,  when  we  gave  up  and  had  just  completed  a  sort 
of  rude  shelter  of  leaves  under  which  to  spend  the  night,  when 
an  Indian  came  along  and  guided  us  across  the  river  and  to 
Canelos  which  was  only  a  short  distance  farther  down  and 
which  we  reached  at  7.30  P.  M. 

At  Canelos  another  wait  of  two  days  was  necessary  to  se- 
cure Indians  and  two  canoes  to  take  us  three  days  down  the 
Bobanaza  River  to  my  objective,  Sarayacu,  where  I  camped 
for  one  month  and  collected.  I  was  unfortunate  in  striking  the 
rainy  season  here,  which  made  it  difficult  to  get  around,  and 
secured  only  a  small  portion  of  what  might  be  taken  here  if 
one  could  have  sunshine.  Out  of  three  months  I  had  hut  ihree 
three  days  of  sunshine,  with  now  and  then  a  day  when  the 
sun  would  break  through  the  clouds  for  from  ten  to  twenty 
minutes  at  a  time,  two  or  three  times  a  day.  Such  weather 
conditions  considerably  reduced  the  number  of  specimens  I 
might  have  taken,  but  I  shall  never  regret  my  trip  as  1  passed 
through  some  very  beautiful  country  along  the  Pastaza  River. 
At  Puyo  one  can  take  a  canoe  down  the  Pindo  two  hours  to 
reach  the  Pastaza  and  then  twenty-eight  days  down  this  and 
the  Mararion  to  the  mighty  Amazon  and  Iquitos  and  then  by 
steamer  to  Para  and  on  to  New  York. 

On  my  return  it  required  four  days  to  reach  Canelos  from 


xxxviii,  '.27|  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\YS  175 

Sarayacu,  as  the  canoes  had  to  be  poled  up  against  the  cur- 
run.  One  day  our  canoe  was  passing  under  an  overhanging 
tree  and  a  small  green  snake  dropped  into  it  and  almost  into 
my  lap.  1  brushed  it  out  into  the  river.  Another  beautiful 
snake  we  saw  crossing  die  river.  Its  colors  were  red,  black 
and  white  bands  and  it  was  some  four  feet  long.  I  secured 
a  small  monkey  about  4  inches  high  with  its  tail  twice  that 
length  from  an  Indian  and  paid  him  5  barras  of  cloth  for  it. 
Everything  has  to  be  paid  for  with  needles,  cloth,  mirrors, 
handkerchiefs,  beads,  earrings,  finger  rings,  necklaces  and  other 
trinkets  in  dealing  with  the  Indians,  as  they  do  not  know  the 
value  of  money. 

When  we  arrived  at  Canelos  on  my  return  we  secured  eight 
Indians  to  each  of  whom  I  gave  ten  yards  of  cloth  to  take  my 
cargo  to  Barios,  an  eight-days'  trip.  They  took  my  cargo  to 
Puyo,  one  day  from  Canelos.  On  getting  up  in  the  morning 
I  found  all  my  Indians  had  departed,  taking  the  cloth  with 
them.  This  delayed  me  three  days  more  to  obtain  other  In- 
dians who  took  my  things  to  Mera.  where  I  secured  mules 
to  return  to  Banos  and  then  to  Pilileo  where  I  got  the  train 
to  Ambato  and  on  to  Riobamba  next  day.  After  a  couple  of 
days  in  Riobamba  packing  up  things  I  had  left  there  and  visit- 
ing friends,  I  came  on  to  I iuigra  where  I  have  stopped  another 
two  days  to  see  and  thank  railway  officials  and  friends  who 
had  extended  courtesies  to  me. 

Tomorrow  I  leave  for  ( luayaquil  and  on  the  17th  expect  to 
take  a  Peruvian  steamer  to  Buenaventura,  Colombia,  where 
I  take  train  one  day  to  Cali,  collect  there  two  weeks,  then 
steamer  to  Cartago,  mules  to  Ihaguc,  across  the  Quindo  pass 
and  then  train  for  Bogota,  auto  to  AIuzo  where  I  expect  to  see 
the  Government  emerald  mines  and  collect.  Returning  to 
Bogota,  I  take  river  steamer  down  the  Magdalena  River  to 
Barranquilla  and  on  to  Puerto  (  olumbia  in  train,  where  I  get 
my  boat  to  Xew  York  and/ the  good  old  I*.  S.  A.  I  will  be 
able  to  give  you  a  more  detailed  account  of  my  trip  when  I  see 
you  in  Philadelphia,  as  I  expect  to  stop  there  a  day  or  so  on 
my  return.  Very  sincerely, 

A.  F.  PORTER. 


176 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[June, '27 


A  New  Species  of  the  Genus  Fannia  R.-D.  from  North 
America  (Diptera,  Anthomyiidae). 

By  J.  R.  MALLOCH,  U.  S.  Biological  Survey. 
For  the  past  30  years  Fannia  fuscnla  Fallen  has  been  ac- 
cepted as  the  name  of  a  moderately  common  species  occur- 
ring in  this  country.  Recently  when  making  some  identifi- 
cations in  the  genus  I  noticed  that  the  hypopygium  of  this 
species  did  not  agree  exactly  with  that  of  European  ex- 
amples of  the  true  fuscnla  and  dissection  of  the  two  forms 
shows  that  they  are  evidently  distinct  species.  The  new  one 
is  described  below. 

Fannia  americana  sp.  n. 

c?  Similar  to  fuscnla  in  every  particular  except  in  the  struc- 
ture of  the  male  hypopygium.  In  fuscnla  (  Fig.  1  )  the  superior 
forceps  are  separated  from  the  main  part  by  a  very  narrow- 
slit  and  have  no  small  tooth  at  the  curve  on  under  side,  the 

process  along  the  basal  half  of  the 
forceps  on  the  upper  side  appears 
like  a  raised  rim  in  dry  specimens 
and  there  is  no  evident  separation 
between  it  and  the  forceps ;  in 
cleared  specimens  this  process  is 
seen  to  be  rather  stout,  and  rounded 
at  apex,  and  the  central  bifid  dorsal 
plate  terminates  in  a  pair  of  black 
approximated  points,  with  the  sides 
irregularly  sloping  off  and  also  blackened.  In  americana  (Fig. 
2)  the  forceps  are  more  curved,  sharper  at  apices,  and  have 
a  small  tooth  at  curve  on  under  side ;  they  are  widely  separated 
from  the  main  portion  by  a  rounded  opening,  the  process  along 
upper  margin  of  latter  is  slender  and  curved,  and  the  bifid 
dorsal  plate  is  deeply  split  at  apex,  the  apical  arms  being 
divergent,  sharp  at  apices,  and  not  blackened.  The  figures 
present  one  side  of  hypopygium  from  below. 
Length,  5.5-6.5  mm. 

Type,  Pimmit  Run,  Virginia,  June  2,  1923  (J.  M.  Aldrich). 
Type  in  United  States  National  Museum.  Paratypes,  Virginia, 
near  Plummers  Is.,  June  2,  1916;  Glencarlyn,  Virginia,  June 
17,  1917  (W.  L.  McAtee)  ;  same  locality,  June  11,  1925  (J.  R. 
Malloch);  Glen  Echo,  Maryland,  July" 23,  1921  (J.  R.  Mai- 
loch). 

I  have  seen  fuscula  Fallen  from  Bar  Harbor,  Maine. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  \i:\vs  177 

Some  Coleoptera  of  the  North  Saskatchewan  Head- 
waters— Canadian  Rocky  Mountains. 

lly  J.  MONKOK  THORINGTON,  M.  1).,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 

During  the  course  of  several  mountaineering  expeditions 
to  the  icefield  sources  of  the  North  Saskatchewan  and  Atha- 
baska  rivers,  the  writer  and  his  companions  have  noticed  the 
abundance  of  insect  life  to  be  seen  during  traverses  of  many 
of  the  higher  snowfields.  Our  attention  was  arrested  by  this 
while  at  the  Freshfield  icefield  (1922),  on  the  Columbia 
icefield  ( 1923),  and,  to  a  lesser  extent,  on  the  Hooker  and  other 
icefields  adjacent  to  Athabaska  Pass  (  1924). 

The  Columbia  icefield,  the  largest  in  the  Rocky  Mountains 
of  Canada,  contains  approximately  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
square  miles,  and  is  situated  on  the  Continental  Divide  (Alberta- 
British  Columbia)  in  Latitude  52°  12'.  It  forms  a  compact 
triple-divide,  draining  to  the  Columbia,  Saskatchewan  and 
Athabaska  river  systems.  During  the  course  of  two  crossings 
of  this  field,  we  'found  numerous  moths  and  beetles  on  the 
snow,  at  10,000  feet  and  above,  carried  up  there  by  air-currents. 
The  insects  were  alive,  although  torpid  from  cold,  and  appear 
to  be  a  dependable  source  of  food  supply  for  small  birds  that 
one  sees  wheeling  and  darting  about.  Due  to  their  small 
size  and  generally  dark  color,  the  insects  absorb  heat  and  melt 
small  pits  in  the  snow  surface  from  which  they  are  unable  to 
extricate  themselves.1 

No  systematic  attempts  were  made  at  collecting  during  these 
years  ;  we  were  not  entomologists,  but  were  primarily  interested 
in  topography  and  the  self-sufficient  ends  of  mountaineering 
sport.  However,  during  the  course  of  an  expedition  to  Glacier 
Lake,  in  July,  1926,  the  interest  of  the  North  Saskatchewan 
valleys  as  a  relatively  unstudied  area  induced  us  to  make  such 
scientific  observations  as  our  somewhat  limited  knowledge  per- 
mitted. Geology,  glacial  motion,  botany,  color  and  motion- 
picture  photography  and  entomological  collecting  were  among 
our  objectives. 

A  portion  of  the  data  obtained  has  been  published  elsewhere.2 

lTIic  Glillcrini/  Mintu/tiins  <>f  Caundii,  ].  Monroe  Thorington  (Lea, 
1925),  p.  89. 

^  The  Mountains  of  Ghicicr  Lake,  .1.  Monroe  Thoringtonj  Alpine 
Journal  xxxix,  May,  1927.  The  I. yell  and  J'resli  field  Glaciers,  Cuinidiiiii 
Rocky  Mountains,  J.  Monroe  Thorington;  Smithsonian  Miscellaneous 
Collections,  Vol.  78,  No.  6,  1927. 


178  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,  '27 

The  purpose  of  the  present  paper  is  to  report  the  coleoptera 
obtained,  as,  owing  to  lack  of  facilities  and  time,  no  other  order 
of  insects  was  collected. 

Leaving  Lake  Louise,  on  the  Canadian  Pacific  railroad,  on 
June  30,  we  proceeded  northward  by  the  Bow  (South  Sas- 
katchewan) valley  and  encamped  on  the  slopes  of  Alt.  Hector, 
reaching  Bow  Lake  on  the  following  morning.  On  July  2  we 
crossed  Bow  Pass  to  the  North  Saskatchewan,  making  camp  at 
the  upper  Wildfowl  Lake  (4800  feet).  Here  were  obtained 
Xcstolcptura  crassipes  Lee.  and  Monochamus  uionticola  Csy. 
The  ground  is  made  up  of  gravel  and  small  stones,  with  a  sparse 
growth  of  bush  and  jack-pine. 

On  July  3  we  reached  the  forks  of  the  Saskatchewan,  camping 
by  the  river  not  far  below  and  across  from  the  Glacier  Lake 
stream.  The  elevation  is  about  4200  feet,  the  soil  being  glacial 
sand  and  gravel.  Several  species  of  Bcmbidion  were  obtained 
here. 

Next  day  we  reached  the  flats  at  the  upper  end  of  Glacier 
Lake,  where  we  maintained  a  base  camp  until  July  14.  The 
elevation  is  4800  feet.  At  this  camp  were  collected  Opisthius 
richardsoni,  Kby.,  NotiopJiilits  borcalis  Harr,  and  the  rare  palae- 
arctic  Carabid  Miscodera  arctica  Payk.  In  addition  we  secured 
Cryptohypnus  noctnrnus  Esch.,  Magdalis  sp.,  Acniacops  [>ra- 
tcnsis  Laich.,  Ncoclytus  mnricatulus  Kby.,  Chrysobothris  tri- 
ncrt'ia  Kby.  and  Antha.ria  acno^astcr  Cast.  The  Buprestids  and 
Cerambycids  were  taken  on  fresh-cut  timber,  their  activity  and 
speed  making  them  difficult  to  capture. 

A  high  camp,  7000  feet,  was  made  above  the  north  lateral 
moraine  of  the  Lyell  glacier  on  July  4,  serving  for  climbs  on 
the  icefield  until  July  9.  The  ground  was  a  carpet  of  heather, 
interspersed  with  boulders  and  storm-twisted  pines.  AV/>n'</ 
hudsonica  Lee.,  XylotrccJnts  nwntanicns  Csy.  and  Lcpyrus 
colon  L.  were  found. 

On  the  Lyell  icefield,  at  10,000  feet,  only  Cerambycids  were 
seen,  but  they  were  very  common.  Criocephalkis  productus 
Lee.  and  Lcptura  pcdalis  Lee.,  were  collected  on  July  6,  during 
an  ascent  of  Alt.  Lyell. 

On  July  12,  from  a  bivouac  in  the  angle  between  the  Mons 
and  Lyell  glaciers,  the  ascent  of  Mt,  Forbes  (11,902  feet)  was 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  M:\YS  179 

made.     Xo  coleoptera  were  encountered,  but  large  aphids  were 
noticed  on  the  snow  above  11,500  feet. 

On  the  Freshfield  glacier,  during  the  course  of  measure- 
ments on  ice  motion,  on  July  15,  several  specimens  of  f'aciiyta 
litnrata  Kby.  were  found.  That  birds  do  not  take  them  from 
bare  ice  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  many  of  these  Cerambycids 
were  dead  and  partially  decomposed.  On  the  upper  snowfields, 
however,  the  specimens  were  almost  invariably  alive,  and  birds 
frequently  in  evidence. 

Returning  to  the  Saskatchewan  valley,  on  July  16,  we 
camped  on  Howse  river,  at  4300  feet,  above  the  Glacier  Lake 
stream.  Here  the  ground  was  mossy  and  green,  with  timber 
and  many  flowers.  Platynns  sp.,  Thauasiinus  undulatus  Say., 
Jndolia  sc.nnaciilata  L.  and  Syncta  carlnata  Mannh.  were  found 
here. 

Ordinary  collecting  methods  were  used  throughout  this  ex- 
pedition, although  the  technique  employed  on  the  icefields  is 
believed  to  be  unique.  We  were  a  mountaineering  party,  four 
on  a  rope,  with  definite  objectives  which  permitted  but  in- 
frequent halts  if  they  were  to  be  successfully  attained.  At  such 
times  a  collector  can  not  expect  much  sympathy  from  other 
members  of  the  party.  The  writer,  therefore,  soon  became 
adept  in  manipulating  the  climbing  rope  and  a  cyanide  bottle 
with  the  left  hand,  while  the  ice-axe  in  the  right  served  to  slice 
out  a  small  block  of  snow  in  which  the  desired  specimen  was 
seen.  The  snow  was  lifted  from  the  axe  blade  and  the  insect 
transferred  to  the  killing-bottle,  the  entire  operation  completed 
without  retarding  the  progress  of  the  climbers. 

The  Coleoptera  taken  at  the  higher  levels  were  exclusively 
Cerambycids.  These  are  strong  in  flight  and,  from  their  dis- 
tribution on  the  snowfields,  appear  to  have  come  chiefly  from 
the  Alberta  side  of  the  Continental  Divide.  Their  association 
with  moths,  aphids,  butterflies  and  wood-borers,  with  exclusion 
of  other  coleoptera,  as  typical  of  the  insect  life  on  the  snowfields, 
is  of  interest. 

While,  with  the  exception  of  Miscodcra  arctica,  no  very  un- 
usual specimens  were  secured,  yet  the  data  obtained  add  to  the 
knowledge  of  distribution  through  an  interesting  area  practically 


180  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,  '27 

unknown  to  collectors.  In  all,  one  hundred  and  sixty  Coleoptera 
were  brought  back  in  good  condition.  Mr.  Frank  R.  Mason 
has  kindly  identified  and  classified  them  as  follows:— 

CARABIDAE. 

Opisthins  richardsoni  Kby.    Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 
Notiophilus  borcalis  Harr.     Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 
*Miscodera  arctica  Payk.     Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 
Ncbrla  hudsonica  Lee.     Glacier  Lake,  7000  feet,  July  9. 
Bembidion,  several   species.      Saskatchewan  Forks,  4200   feet, 

July  3. 
Platynus  sp.     Saskatchewan  River,  4300  feet,  July  16. 

CLERIDAE. 

Thanasimus  undulatns  Say.     Saskatchewan  River,  4300  feet, 
July  16. 

ELATERIDAE. 
Cryptohypnus  noctitrnus  Esch.    Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 

BUPRESTIDAE. 

Chrysobothris  trincrvia  Kby.  Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 
Melanophila  fulvognttata  Harris.  Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet, 

July  5. 

var.  drummondi  Kby.     Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 
AntJm.via  acncogastcr  Cast.     Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 

CERAMBVCIDAE. 
Criocephalus  productus  Lee.     Lyell  Icefield,   10,000  feet,  July 

6.  _  <| 

Pachyta  liturata  Kby.     Freshfield  Glacier,  6500  feet,  July  15. 
*Judolia  sc.vmaculata  L.     Saskatchewan  River,  4300  feet,  July 

16. 

Xestoleptnra  crassipcs  Lee.  Wildfowl  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  2. 
Monocliatiuis  monticola  Csy.  Wildfowl  Lake,  4800  feet.  July  2. 
*Acmaeops  pratcnsis  Laich.  Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 
Neoclytus  muricatulus  Kby.  Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 
Xylotrechus  monianicus  Csy.  Glacier  Lake,  7000  feet,  July  9. 
Lcptura  pcdalis  Lee.  Lyell  Icefield,  10,000  feet,  July  6. 

CHRYSOMELIDAE. 

Syncta  carinata  Mannh.     Saskatchewan  River,  4300  feet.  July 
16. 

CURCULIONIDAE. 

Lepyrus  colon  L.     Glacier  Lake,  7000  feet,  July  9. 
Magdalis  sp.    Glacier  Lake,  4800  feet,  July  5. 

(Palacarctic  species  are  marked  with  an   asterisk.) 


xxxviii.  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  181 

Undescribed  Species  of  Crane-flies  from  the  Eastern 
United  States  and  Canada  (Dipt.  :  Tipulidae). 

Part  IV. 

i;\-  CHARLES  P.  ALEXANDER,  Massachusetts  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, Amherst,   [Massachusetts. 

In  the  present  installment  under  this  general  title,  four  un- 
described  species  of  the  genus  Tipula  from  the  Southeastern 
United  States  are  discussed.  As  before,  all  of  these  species 
were  collected  by  my  friend.  Professor  J.  Speed  Rogers,  to 
whom  my  sincere  thanks  are  extended  for  the  privilege  of  exam- 
ining this  important  series.  The  types  have  been  returned  to 
Professor  Rogers. 

Tipula  osceola  sp.  n. 

Belongs  to  the  tricolor  group  ;  allied  to  T.  sayi  Alexander  and 
T.  hidoviciana  Alexander;  antennae  of  male  relatively  long,  the 
tlagellar  segments  very  strongly  constricted  so  as  to  appear  bino- 
dose. 

c?.  Length  about  14  mm.;  wing  12.5  mm.;  antenna  about  5 
nun.  ?.  Length  about  20  mm. ;  wing  17-18  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  head  light  gray  above,  darker  later- 
ally, the  nasus  slender;  palpi  brownish  black.  Antennae  (c?) 
relatively  elongate,  conspicuous,  the  segments  strongly  con- 
stricted so  as  to  appear  binodose ;  scape  pale,  the  basal  segment 
pruinose  ;  first  flagellar  segment  simple  or  nearly  so,  obscure 
yellow;  second  flagellar  segment  feebly' bicolorous,  the  apex  and 
constricted  portion  being  pale,  the  remainder  black;  the  suc- 
ceeding two  or  three  segments  have  the  extreme  apex  pale  ;  the 
remainder  of  the  organ  black.  In  the  female,  the  flagellar  seg- 
ments are  simple  or  very  nearly  so  but  the  individual  segments 
are  strongly  constricted  at  the  incisures.  Head  light  gray  with 
a  broken  capillary  brown  median  vitta. 

Mesonotal  praescutum  burly,  the  lateral  margins  gray,  the 
disk  with  three  brown  stripes  that  are  narrowly  margined  with 
darker  brown,  the  median  stripe  further  divided  by  a  capillary 
dark  brown  vitta;  lateral  stripes  more  nearly  entire;  scutum 
huffy,  with  brown  marks  on  the  lobes,  the  caudal  margin  and 
remaining  sclerites  of  the  mesonotum  clear  light  gray  pruinose; 
scutellum  with  a  very  tenuous  capillary  brown  median  line. 
Pleura  gray.  I  lalteres  elongate,  the  stem  brownish  yellow,  the 
knob  dark  brown. 


182  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  f  June,  '27 

Legs  with  the  coxae  light  gray  pruinose  ;  trochanters  brownish 
yellow,  more  sparsely  pruinose  ;  femora  yellowish  brown,  gradu- 
ally darkening,  the  distal  third  or  more  black  ;  remainder  of  legs 
black. 

Wings  of  the  general  pattern  of  T.  sayi,  the  dark  brown  costal 
margin  followed  by  a  whitish  area  of  nearly  equal  width,  the 
remainder  of  the  wing  strongly  suffused  with  paler  brown.  \  en- 
ation :  Distal  section  of  R>2  entire  but  very  pale ;  vein  2nd  A 
long,  the  cell  correspondingly  narrow. 

Abdominal  tergites  brownish  yellow,  the  lateral  margins  of 
the  segments  sparsely  pruinose ;  basal  impressions  black :  ster- 
nites  similar ;  hypopygium  pale.  Male  hypopygium  with  the 
lobe  of  the  tergal  region  very  broad,  entire.  Outer  dististyle 
pale.  Abdomen  of  female  more  elongated.  Ovipositor  with  the 
tergal  valves  long  and  slender. 

Habitat. — Florida.  Holqtypc:  c?,  Gainesville,  Alachua  Coun- 
ty, November  22,  1925  (J.  S.  Rogers) ;  No.  192.  AUotopotypc: 
5,  November  10,  1923;  No.  101.  Paratopotypcs:  8  c??,  October 
27,  1923— November  22,  1925  (/.  S1.  Rogers). 

Tipula  maculipleura  sp.  n. 

Belongs  to  the  tricolor  group ;  closely  allied  to  T.  ftoridensis, 
Alexander ;  thoracic  pleura  conspicuously  marked  with  brown. 

3.     Length  about  15mm.;  wing  about  17  mm. 

Generally  similar  and  very  closely  allied  to  T.  floridensis, 
differing  especially  in  the  coloration  and  details  of  structure  of 
the  male  hypopygium. 

Antennae  bicolorous ;  wing-apex  entirely  darkened ;  whitish 
fascia  at  the  cord  not  entirely  traversing  the  wing. 

Thorax  yellowish,  with  conspicuous  brown  markings,  includ- 
ing the  following-  areas  on  the  pleura :  A  large  spot  on  the 
cephalic  half  of  the  anepisternum ;  ventral  half  of  the  sterno- 
pleurite  and  the  propleura.  The  body  of  the  type  is  discolored 
and  it  cannot  be  stated  whether  the  pleura  is  heavily  pruinose, 
as  is  usual  in  the  group.  Wings  very  similar  to  floridensis ;  cell 
C  broader  and  more  yellowish. 

Abdominal  tergites  dark,  the  lateral  margins  of  the  segments 
broadly  pale,  the  caudal  margins  more  narrowly  of  this  color; 
eighth  tergite  with  the  caudal  margin  broadly  huffy.  Male 
hypopygium  with  the  ninth  tergite  dark,  the  caudal  margin  pro- 
duced into  an  elongate  median  lobe  that  is  a  little  narrowed 
shortly  before  the  truncated  or  subtruncated  apex;  surface  of 
this  lobe  with  microscopic  gray  setulae  ;  median  area  of  the-  basal 
half  of  the  lobe  slightly  elevated  into  a  linear  ridge. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  183 

Habitat. — Tennessee.  Holot\pc:  Allardt,  Fentress  Count y. 
altitude  1650  feet.  June  14,  1924  (J.  S.  Rogers);  No.  28. 

The  only  other  regional  member  of  the  tricolor  group  with 
the  thoracic  pleura  conspicuously  marked  with  brown  is  7 . 
snbcluta  Johnson,  an  otherwise  very  distinct  specie*;. 

Tipula  synchroa  sp.  n. 

d.  Length  about  7.5-8.5  mm  ;  wing  7.8-9.5  mm.  9.  Length 
9-11  mm. ;  wing  9.5-10  mm. 

Generally  similar  to  T.  annulicomis  Say.  differing-  chiefly  in 
the  fact  that  the  two  sexes  are  similar  in  color,  not  dimorphic 
as  in  the  last-named  species.  Antennae  (<3)  elongate,  bicolor- 
ous,  the  basal  portions  of  the  segments  being  black,  the  distal 
portions  yellow. 

Mesonotal  praescutum  almost  uniformly  light  brown,  with 
a  capillary  darker  brown  median  vitta.  Wings  a  little  more 
tinged  with  brown  than  in  the  males  of  annuliconris  but  less 
darkened  than  in-  the  females  of  the  same  species. 

Abdominal  segments  yellowish  brown  or  light  brown,  the 
caudal  margins  of  the  segments  narrowly  brownish  black.  Me- 
dian lobe  of  the  ninth  tergite  of  the  hypopygium  somewhat  less 
compressed. 

Habitat. — Florida.  Holot\pc:  d,  Gainesville,  Alachua  Coun- 
ty, March  4,  1922  (J.  S.  Rogers);  No.  18.  Allotopotypc:  9, 
March  18,  1922;  No.  29.  Paratopotypcs:  <$,  September  15, 
1923,  No.  86;  9,  March  10,  1923,  No.  64. 

Tipula  oxytona  sp.  n. 

Allied  to  T.  -cor^iana  Alexander,  differing  especially  in  the 
coloration  of  the  body  and  wings  and  the  pointed  posterior  lobes 
of  the  inner  dististyle  of  the  male  hypopygium. 

c?.     Length  about  10-11  mm.:  wing1  11-12  mm. 

Frontal  prolongation  of  the  head  relatively  elongate,  shiny 
brownish  yellow  ;  nasus  lacking ;  palpi  dark  brown,  the  basal 
segment  paler.  .Antennae  with  the  scapal  segments  yellow,  the 
ilagellar  segments  dark  brown.  Head  suffused  with  brown, 
darker  medially,  the  orbits  more  huffy. 

Mesonotal  praescutum  brownish  huffy,  with  three  conspicuous 
brown  stripes  that  are  slightly  margined  laterally  with  darker 
brown;  an  ill-defined  capillary  brown  median  vitta;  in  some 
specimens,  the  anterior  end  of  the  median  stripe  is  paler  and 
in  others  all  of  the  praescutal  stripes  are  poorly-defined  except 
for  the  narrow  darker  margins  and  median  capillary  vitta; 
scutal  lobes  ImlTv,  largelv  concealed  by  two  continent  brown 
areas;  scutcllum  brownish  testaceous,  darker  medially;  postno- 


184  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '27 

turn  brown,  sparsely  pruinose.  Pleura  pale  whitish  gray  pruin- 
ose,  the  anepisternum  and  sternopleurite  indistinctly  variegated 
with  darker.  Halteres  pale,  the  knobs  brown. 

Legs  with  the  coxae  and  trochanters  pale  :  femora  brownish 
yellow,  the  tipe  narrowly  dark  brown  ;  tibiae  brown,  the  tips 
scarcely  darkened ;  tarsi  passing  through  brown  to  brownish 
black.  " 

Wings  with  a  faint  brownish  tinge,  the  stigma  brown  ;  costal 
region  brownish  yellow;  wing-base  and  a  seam  along  Cu  simi- 
larly colored;  obliterative  area  crossing  cell  ist  M-2.  Venation: 
Petiole  of  cell  MI,  about  two-fifths  to  one-half  the  cell. 

Abdomen  brownish  yellow,  the  caudal  and  especially  the  lat- 
eral margins  of  the  tergites  paler.  Male  hypopygium  large  and 
conspicuous,  constructed  much  as  in  gcorgiana.  Ninth  tergite 
with  the  lateral  lobes  strongly  incurved,  the  shiny  median  lobe 
obtusely  rounded.  Posterior  lobes  of  the  inner  dististyle  pro- 
duced cauclad  into  long  conspicuous  flattened  blades  that  run 
out  into  subacute  points,  very  different  in  shape  from  the  short, 
broad,  obtuse  blades  of  georgiana. 

Habitat. — Florida,  Plohtype:  Marion  County,  April  4,  1926 
(J.  S.  Rogers) ;  No.  4.  Paratopotype:  d :  paratypcs:  3  dd} 
Gainesville,  Alachua  County,  February  12-14,  1922  (J.  S. 
Rogers);  Nos.  3,  4. 

Los  Angeles  Butterfly  Show. 

The  Sixth  Annual  Butterfly  Show  of  the  Lorquin  Ento- 
mological Society  of  Los  Angeles,  California,  was  held  in  the 
Los  Angeles  Museum  of  History,  Science  and  Art  during 
the  month  of  March.  Fifteen  thousand  specimens  were  on 
display,  loaned  from  nineteen  private  collections.  Among  other 
interesting  exhibits  was  a  collection  of  blown  butterfly  eggs 
mounted  for  microscopic  study.  Interest  in  the  show  rivalled 
that  aroused  by  the  Los  Angeles  wildflower  shows,  and  over 
56,000  people  attended.  Splendid  publicity  was  given  by  the 
Los  Angeles  newspapers.  - 

JOHN  S.  GARTH,  Secretary,  Lorqiiln  Society. 


Fernald  Entomological  Club. 

The  old  Fernald  •  Entomological  Club  was  reorganized,  with 
Dr.  W.  E.  Hinds  as  president  and  Perez  Simmons  as  secre- 
tary, on  New  Year's  Eve  in  the  Hotel  Normandie,  Philadel- 
phia. The  speaker  of  the  evening  was  Dr.  H.  T.  Fernald. 
There  are  no  dues,  and  all  entomologists  who  have  worked  un- 
der the  Fernalds  constitute  the  membership. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPHIA,    PA.,   JUNE,    1927. 


Does   Familiarity  Breed   Contempt? 

In  the  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  ll'asli- 
•in^ton  for  November,  1926,  Mr.  \V.  L.  McAtee  writes: 

"Xomina  conservanda  have  been  adopted  for  the  chief  pur- 
pose of  preserving  familiar  names  .  .  .  Getting  at  the  root  of 
the  thing,  what  virtue  is  there  in  familiarity?  Certainly  there 
is  no  real  value  in  preserving  a  familar  nam^  unless  it  em- 
bodies a  definite  concept.  .  .  .Taxoiiomists  can  develop  their 
own  field  according  to  their  own  best  judgment,  ignoring  nomina 
conservanda  which  in  consequence  will  eventually  pass  into 
the  realm  of  forgotten  things." 

The  assumption  made  in  some  quarters  (we  will  not  say  by 
Mr.  McAtee)  that  taxonomists  or  any  other  brand  of  natu- 
ralists, can  ignore  the  work  of  the  brands  other  than  their  own  is 
extremely  short-sighted  and  disastrous.  Taxonomists  are  not 
the  only  ones  who  must  use  technical  taxonomic  terms.  The 
taxonomist  who  wishes  to  improve  his  classification  must 
frequently  review  the  work  of  anatomists  dealing  with  the 
same  group  in  which  he  is  interested,  to  determine  whether  the 
latter  have  found  characteristics,  hitherto  unused  in  systematic 
zoologv  but  which  mav  well  be  emploved  in  his  field.  If  now 

O./  -f  -^ 

a  generic  name  whose  original  application  to  one,  or  at  most 
two,  species,  like  Calcptery.v  Leach  1815,  has  been  in  use  for 
many  years  and  has  been  frequently  quoted  by  anatomists,  em- 
bryologists  and  other  non-taxonomists  so  that  it  is  familiar  to 
them  and  to  taxonomists  as  well,  has  it  not  a  definite  concept 
behind  it?  ("<//<'/>/<Tv.r  (emended  by  liurmeister  1839  to 
Calof>ter\'.\- )  was  formed  out  of  .lijrion  Kabricius  1775,  and 
Cdlopterv.v  and  .l^rion  were  used  side  by  side  and  became', 
not  later  than  1850.  the  origins  of  tribal  and  soon  (1853)  sub- 
family names,  Calopteryginae  and  . \grioninae. 

In  1890,  Kirby,  by  emphasizing  Latreille's  fixation  of  i'ir</<> 
Linnaeus  (the  species  on  which  Calcplery.v  was  based)  as  the 
"example"  of  Ayrion,  reduced  Culoptcry.v  to  synonymy  and,  by 

185 


186  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,  '27 

necessity,  was  compelled  to  propose  a  new  name,  Coenagrion, 
for  the  definite  concept  which  Agrion  had  represented  since 
1815. 

A  decade  or  more  passed  before  Kirby's  example  was  fol- 
lowed to  any  extent,  even  by  the  taxonomists.  In  the  last  sev- 
enteen years,  aided  by  a  decision  of  the  International  Com- 
mission on  Zoological  Nomenclature,  it  has  found  wider  ac- 
ceptance. 

Without  arguing  the  question  of  priority  vs.  conservation, 
it  must  at  least  be  admitted  that  he  who  searches  zoological 
literature  for  all  sorts  of  information  on  Agrion  and  Agri- 
oninae  (or  Agrionidae,  as  the  former  subfamily  has  by  some 
been  raised  to  family  rank)  must,  with  increasing  years,  as 
he  finds  item  after  item,  constantly  inquire — Does  this  apply 
to  Agrion  of  1815  to  say  1900  or  to  Agrion  since  1910?  Kir- 
by  admitted  "the  resulting  confusion."  Has  the  application 
of  the  law  of  priority  brought  any  clearer  concept  to  the  name 
Agrion ?  Did  not  the  familiar  usage  of  1815-1890  have  a  de- 
cided virtue?  Can  M:r.  McAtee  blame  a  taxonomist  who  ad- 
mits a  nomen  conservandum  under  circumstances  which,  in  his 
"own  best  judgment,"  appears  on  a  number  of  grounds  to  be 
preferable  to  a  strictly  prior  name? — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


Personals. 

Dr.  L.  O.  Howard,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology,  U. 
S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  has  been  elected  an  honorary  member 
of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society. 

Dr.  Charles  Joseph  Gahan  has  retired,  under  the  age  limit, 
from  the  Keepership  of  the  Entomological  Department  of  the 
British  Natural  History  Museum.  Major  E.  E.  Austen,  De- 
puty Keeper,  has  been  appointed  to  the  Keepership. 

Additions  to  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Dr.  William  Schaus  recently  donated  to  the  National  Mu- 
seum a  valuable  collection  of  10,000  specimens  of  moths,  most 
of  them  from  Bolivia,  which  were  purchased  by  him  from  a 
collector  of  that  country.  (Science,  April  22,  1927.) 

The  older  amateur  entomologists  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  remember  Henry  F.  Schoenborn  very  well  in- 
deed. He  was  a  business  man  in  Washington  who  had  a 
large  collection  of  Lepidoptera  and  was  much  interested  in 


XXXVlii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  187 

entomology  in  general.  His  collection  was  caved  for  admi- 
rably. His  technique  in  mounting  and  labeling  was  excel- 
lent. While  not  a  founder  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  Washington,  he  joined  at  an  early  date,  and  was  a  warm 
friend  and  associate  of  Doctor  Schwarz,  Theo.  I'ergande,  Otto 
Lugger,  Otto  1  leidemann,  and  John  I',.  Smith.  He  was  born 
in  Suhl,  Thuringia,  (  iermany,  in  1833.  and  died  in  Washington 
in  1896.  Very  recently  his  surviving  daughter  and  son.  Miss 
Theresa  F.  and  William  E.  Schoenborn  have  donated  the 
collection  to  the  C.  S.  National  Museum.  It  includes  about  ten 
thousand  specimens.  They  represent  to  a  large  extent  the  local 
fauna,  but  there  are  also  very  many  European  species. 

L.  O.   HOWARD. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED   BY   E.    T.   CRESSOX,    JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  tin- 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
.\l.\riopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  in  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insert-, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published    in   the   Entomological   News  are   not   listed. 

4 — Canadian  Ent.,  <  iuelph.  5 — Psyche,  Cambridge, 
Mass.  7 — .Ann.,  Ent.  Soc.  America,  Columbus,  Ohio.  8— 
Ent.  Monthly  Mag.,  London.  9 — Entomologist,  London 
10 — I 'roc.,  Ent.  Soc.,  Washington.  13 — Jour,  of  Ent.  and 
Zoology,  Claremont,  Cal.  14 — Ent.  Xeitschrift.  Frankfurt 
a.  M.  15 — Inseculor  Inscitiae  Menstruus,  Washington. 
17 — Ent.  kundschau,  Stuttgart.  18— Intern.  Ent.  Xeit- 
schrift, (iuben.  20 — Socirtas  Entomologica,  Stuttgart. 
21 — The  Entomologists's  Record,  London.  24 — Ann.  Soc. 
Ent.  France.  25 — I '.till.  Soc.  Ent.  France.  45 — Zeit.  f. 
Wissenschfl.  Insektenbiol..  Merlin.  48 — Wiener  Ent.  Zeit- 
ung.  49 — Ent.  Mitteilungen.  Uerlin.  50 — Proc.,  U.  S. 
National  Museum.  55  —  Pan-Pacific  Ent..  San  Francisco. 
56 — Konowia,  Wicn.  59 — Encyclopedic  Entomologie, 
Paris.  70 — Entomologica  Americana.  Brooklyn.  72 — Re- 
vue Russe  d'Entomologie.  77 — Comptes  K.,  Soc.  Piologie, 
Paris.  79 — Kolroptrmlog.  kundschau,  Wieii.  107 — P>io- 


188  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '27 

log-Jsches   Zentralblatt.     109 — Ann.    Hist.    Nat.    Mus.    Nat., 
Hungarici.     118 — Die  Naturwissenschaften,   Berlin.      119- 
Proc.,  Nat.  Acad.  Sci.,  Washington.     122 — Zeit.  f.  Morph. 
u.  Oekol.  Tiere,  Berlin.     133 — Jour.  Experimental  Zool. 

GENERAL.— Aldrich,  J.  M. — The  limitations  of  taxon- 
omy. (Science,  Ixv,  p.  381-385.)  Bethune-Baker,  G.  T.- 
Dr.  Verity  and  nomenclature.  (21,  xxxix,  p.  49-51.) 
Bird,  R.  D. — Preliminary  ecological  survey  of  the  district 
surrounding  the  entomological  station  at  Treesbank,  Mani- 
toba. (Ecology,  viii,  p.  207-220,  ill.)  Prison,  T.  H.— A 
list  of  the  insect  types  in  the  collections  of  the  Illinois 
State  Natural  History  Survey  and  the  University  of 
Illinois.  (State  of  Illinois  Dept.  of  Regis,  and  Educ.,  Bull, 
xvi,  p.  137-309.)  Handlirsch,  A. — Handbuch  der  zoologie, 
Bd.  4,  Lief.  5.  Hayes,  W.  P. — Prairie  insects.  (Ecology, 
viii,  p.  238-250,  ill.)  Hesse,  E. — Entomologische  miscellen. 
II. [Species  of  several  orders  treated].  (45,  xxii,  p.  19- 
30.)  Horn,  W. — Et  meminisse  et  vaticinari  liceat.  Ueber 
infernale  entomologen.  (49,  xvi,  p.  1-6.)  Janson,  O.— 
Obituary.  (9,  Ix,  p.  72.)  Lederer,  G. — Neue  \vege  in  der 
tierhaltung  und  -Ziichtung.  ( 14,  xxxxi,  p.  1-4,  cont.) 
Meissner,  O. — Coenobiose  an  brennessel.  II.  (20,  xlii,  p. 
13-14.)  Morin,  H. — Seltsame  tiergestalten.  ( Kosmos, 
xxiv,  p.  169-171,  ill.)  Rebler,  W. — Weitere  lichtfangergeb- 
nisse.  (18,  xxi,  p.  9-12.)  Stiles,  C.  W. — Sixty-one  names 
under  consideration  for  inclusion  in  the  official  list  of 
generic  names.  [Scorpionidea,  Araneae,  Acarina,  Thysa- 
nura,  Orthoptera,  Isoptera,  Corrodentia,  Anoplura,  Hemip- 
tera,  Dermaptera,  Siphonaptera.]  (Science,  Ixv,  p.  471- 
472.)  Thorpe,  W.  H. — Phytophagic  or  biological  races  in 
insects.  (Nature,  cxix,  p.  602).  Van  Duzee,  E.  P. — Rein- 
forced generic  names.  (55,  iii,  p.  151.)  Wolcott,  G.  N.— 
An  animal  census  of  two  pastures  and  a  meadow  in  nor- 
thern New  York.  ( 10,  xxix,  p.  62-65.) 

ANATOMY,   PHYSIOLOGY,    ETC.— Abbott,    C.   E.- 

The  effects  of  monochromatic  light  on  Formica  dakotensis 
specularis.  (7,  xx,  p.  117-122,  ill.)  Comas,  M. — Sur 
1'origine  des  pigments  des  larves  de  Chironomus.  (77,  xcvi, 
p.  866-868.)  Demerec,  M. — .Magenta-alpha,  a  third  fre- 
quently mutating  character  in  Drosophila  virilis.  (119, 
xviii,  p.  249-253.)  Harrison,  J.  W.  H. — Hereditary  choice 
of  food  plants  in  the  lepidoptera  and  its  evolutionary  sig- 
nificance. (Nature,  cxix,  p  .  562-563.)  Hersh,  A.  H.— 
Temperature  effects  in  reciprocal  crosses  of  the  bar  series 


xxxviii, '27]  EXTOMOT.OC.ICAL  XK\VS  189 

of  Drosophila.  (133,  xlvii.  ]).  227-250.)  Hertz,  E.— Ueber 
intrazellulare  symbiosr  bei  holzfressenden  kaferlarven. 
(122,  vii,  p.  279-305,  ill.)  Hetschko,  A. — Geschichtlich.es 
uber  die  wechselbeziehungen  /.wischen  blumen  und  in- 
sekten.  (48,  xliii.  p.  172-178.)  Hilton,  W.  A.— The  mus- 
cular sense  of  invertebrates.  (  13,  xix,  p.  75-76.)  Huxley, 
J.  S. — Furtber  work  on  heterogonic  growth.  (107,  xlvii,  p. 
151-163,  ill.)  Kennedy,  C.  H. — Some  non-nervous  factors 
that  condition  the  sensitivity  of  insects  to  moisture,  tem- 
perature, light  and  odors.  (7,  xx,  p.  87-106. )  MacKay, 
D.  A. — Respiration  of  insects.  (Science,  Ixv,  p.  446.) 
Payne,  N.  M. — Two  factors  of  heat  energy  involved  in  in- 
sect cold  hardness.  (  Kcology,  viii,  p.  194-196.)  Pulikov- 
sky,  N. — Die  respiratorischen  anpassungserscheinungen 
bei  den  puppen  der  simuliiden.  (122,  vii,  p.  384-443,  ill.) 
Rabaud,  E. — L'instinct  maternel  chez  quelques  araignees. 
(77,  xcvi,  p.  779-780.)  Rostand,  J. — Xouvelles  experiences 
sur  la  greffe  cephalique  chez  les  insectes.  (25,  1927,  p.  95- 
96.)  Roubaud,  E. — Les  formes  diverses  de  1'heterodynamie 
chez  les  insectes  a  plusieurs  generations.  (25,  1927,  p.  61- 
64. )  Steopoe,  I. — La  Spermatogenese  chez  Ranatra  lin- 
earis.  (77,  xcvi.  p.  1030-1031,  i'll.)  Stern  &  Bridges.- 
The  mutants  of  the  extreme  left  end  of  the  second  chrom- 
osome of  Drosophila  melanogaster.  ( Genetics,  xi,  p. 
503-530. )  Sunder  Lai  Hora. — The  mechanism  of  the  so- 
called  "posterior  sucker"  of  a  simulium  larva.  (  Nature, 
cxix,  p.  599-600. )  Voinov,  V. — Sur  1'existence  d'un  tissu 
mesenchymateux  vacuolaire  dans  les  larves  de  Chironomus. 
(77,  xcvi",  p.  1015-1017.  ill.)  Walton,  L.  B.— The  polychaete 
ancestry  of  the  insects.  1.  The  external  structure.  (Am. 
Xat.,  Ixi,  p.  226-250,  ill.)  Werner,  E. —  Die  ernahrung  der 
larvc  van  I'otosia  cuprea.  Kin  beitrag  zum  ])roblem  der 
celluloseverdauung  bei  insectenlarven.  (122,  vi,  p.  150-206, 
ill.  1926.)  Zavrel,  J. — Influence  de  la  glande  thyroide  sur 
1'accroissement  des  larves  des  Chironomides.  (77,  xcvi, 
p.  1087-1089,  ill.) 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Gabritschevsky, 
E. —  Experiments  on  color  changes  and  regeneration  in  the 
crab-spider.  Misumena  vatia.  (133,  xlvii,  ]).  251-267,  ill.) 
Gerhardt,  U. —  \\  eitere  untersuchungen  zur  biologic  der 
spinnen.  (122,  vi.  p.  1-77,  ill  V>2<>.  i 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA— Byers,  C. 

F. — An  annotated  list  of  the1  (  Monata  of  Michigan.      ( Occ. 
Pap.  Mus.  Zool.  Univ.  Mich.,  Xo.  183,  16pp. )     Effenberger, 


190  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,  '27 

Dr. — Neureclipsis  l)iniacnlatus,  eine  planktonnetze  spin- 
nencle  kochertliegenlarve.  ( Mikrokosmos,  xx,  p.  152-154, 
ill.)  Herfs,  A. — Oekologische  untersuchungen  an  Pedicu- 
loicles  ventricosus.  (Zoologica,  Berlin,  xxviii,  Hft.  74, 
68  pp.,  ill.)  Seemann,  T.  M. — Dragonflies,  mayflies  and 
stoneflies  of  Southern  California.  (13,  xix,  p.  1-72,  ill.) 
Stewart,  M.  A. — A  note  regarding  Trichopsylla  lotoris  and 
Neopsylla  striata.  ( 15,  xiv,  p.  167.) 

(  X  )  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — A  new  fossil  dragonfly  from 
the  eocene  of  Colorado.  (9,  Ix,  p.  81-82,  ill.)  Hood  & 
Williams. — A  synopsis  of  the  thysanopterous  family  Uro- 
thripidae.  (7,  xx,  p.  1-8,  ill.)  "Morton,  K.  J. — Aeschna 
subarctica  in  Europe.  (8,  Ixiii,  p.  86-89,  ill.)  Needham, 
J.  G. — The  rocky  mountain  species  of  the  mayfly  genus 
Ephemerella.  (7,  xx,  p.  107-117,  ill.) 

ORTHOPTERA.— Crampton,  G.  C.— The  abdominal 
structures  of  the  orthopteroid  family  Grylloblattidae  and 
the  relationship  of  the  group.  (55,  iii,  p.  115-135,  ill.) 
Imms,  A.  D. — On  the  affinities  of  the  Grylloblattidae.  (5, 
xxxiv,  p.  36-39.)  Maskell,  F.  G. — The  anatomy  of  Hemi- 
deina  thoracica.  (Trans.  &  Proc.  X.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Ivii,  p. 
637-670,  ill. )  Pearson,  N.  E. — A  study  of  gynandromorphic 
katydids.  (Am.  Nat.,  Ixi,  p.  283-285'.)  Ramme,  W.— Die 
eiablage  von  Chrysochraon  clispar.  ( 122,  vii,  p.  127-133, 
ill.) 

HEMIPTERA.— Champlain  &  Kirk.— The  seventeen 
year  locust.  (Nature  Mag.,  May  1927,  p.  288-290.)  Mc- 
Atee,  W.  L. — Cicadidae  of  the  vicinity  of  Washington,  D. 
C.  (10,  xxix,  p.  70-72.)  Patch,  E.  M. — Two  currant  aphids 
that  migrate  to  willow-herbs.  (Maine  Agric.  Exper.  Sta., 
Hull.  336,  p.  1-8.  ill.)  Voinov,  D. — Le  vacuome  dans  les 
cellules  genitales  males  de  Xotonecta  glauca.  (77,  xcvi,  p. 
1017-1019,  ill.) 

(N)  *Deay,  H.  O. — A  new  species  of  Deltocephalus 
(  Cicadellidae.)  (4,  lix,  p.  55.)  Downes,  W. — A  new  species 
of  Drakella  (Tingitidae. )  (4,  lix,  p.  60.)  Drake  &  Har- 
ris.— Three  n.  sps.  of  Enicocephalidae.  (Ohio  J.  Sci.,  xxvii, 
p.  102-103. )  VanDuzee,  E.  P. — Xotes  on  western  Aradidae. 
(55,  iii,  p.  139-142.) 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Babcock,  K.  W.— The  European  corn 
borer,  Pyrausta  nubilalis.  A  discussion  of  its  seasonal 
history  in  relation  to  various  climates.  (Ecology,  viii,  p. 
177-193.)  Barnes  &  Benjamin. — On  some  names  generally 


xxxviii,  '27J  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  191 

omitted  from  lists.  (15,  xiv,  p.  156-159.)  Cook,  W.  C.- 
Studies  in  the  ecology  of  .Montana  cutworms  ( L'halaenidae.) 
(Kcolo^y,  viii,  p.  158-173.)  Dampf,  A. — Zur  kenntnis  der 
duftor^ane  einii^er  neotropischcr  arten  der  Lithosiidengat- 
tun--  Agylla.  (122,  vii.  ]».  306-319,  ill.)  Lindsey,  A.  W. 
Xotes  on  phvlo^env  in  Krvnnis  "Thanaos  Auct."  (Bull. 
Dennison  L'niv.,  xxii,  p.  109-115.  ill.)  Morse,  A.  P. — An 
interesting  butterlly  capture.  (5  xxxiv,  p.  10.)  Parker  & 
Thompson. — A  contribution  to  the  study  of  hibernation  in 
the  larva  of  the  European  corn  borer  (  L'yrausta  nubilalis). 
(7,  xx.  p.  10-22,  ill.)  Philpott,  A.— The  maxillae  in  the 
lepidoptera.  (Trans.  &  I 'roc.  X.  Zeal.  Inst.,  Ivii,  p.  721- 
746,  ill.)  Poos,  F.  W. —  l'»iolo-\  of  the  European  corn  borer 
'Tvrausta  nubilalis"  and  two  closely  related  sps.  in  north- 
ern" Ohio.  ( ( )hio  J.  Sci.,  xxvii,  p.  47-94,  ill. )  Ruhland,  P.- 
Die  verkunimerung  des  Eierestockes  hei  schmetterlingen  und 
ihre  wahrscheinliche  ursache.  (  14  xxxxi,  p.  9-13,  cont.) 
Seitz,  A.— Stalachtis.  (17,  xliv,  p.  13-14.) 

(  X  )  *Barnes  &  Benjamin. — Generic  notes.  ( Phalaen- 
idae).  (15,  xiv,  p.  182-183.)  *Barnes  &  Benjamin. — Gen- 
eric notes.  (  Phalaenidae,  Cuculliinae  ).  (55,  iii,  p.  110-113.) 
*Braun,  A.  F. — Xew  microlepidoptera  from  Ontario.  (4, 
lix,  p.  56-59.)  Clark,  A.  H.—  Xotes  on  the  melitaeid  butter- 
fly Euphvdryas  phaeton,  with  descr.  of  a  n.  subsp.  and 
an.  var.  '  (50,  Ixxi.  Art.  11,  22  pp..  ill.)  Draudt,  M.— Die 
qross-schmetterling-e  der  erde.  (Faun.  Amer.,  Lief.  190. 
Vol.  7.  p.  309-324.)  Holland,  W.  J.— The  lepidoptera 
named  by  George  A.  Ehrmann.  (Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  xvii, 
]>.  229-3')4,  ill.)  *Keifer,  H.  H.— California  microlepidop- 
tera. (55,  iii,  p.  136-13S.  i  'McDunnough,  J. — Xotes  on 
certain  a^rotid  genera  and  S]>ecies.  (4,  lix,  p.  64-66.) 
-Wright,  W.  S. — A  new  geometer  from  San  I  )ie^o  County. 
(55,  iii.  p.  113-114.) 

(S)  *Dyar,  H.  G.—  -Xew  lepidoptera  from  Mexico.  (15, 
xiv.  ]).  1S3-1S7.  )  "Niepeit,  W. — Zwei  neue  sudamerikan- 
ische  Saturniden.  (18,  xxi.  p.  1-2.  ill.)  :|:Rosa,  M.— Lepi- 
(lol)teros  do  norte  do  llrasil.  I  P.ol.  Alus.  Xac.  K.  d.  Janeiro, 
ii.  No.  4,  p.  23-24.) 

DIPTERA. — Feuerborn,  H.  J. — Die  metamorphose  von 
I'sychoda  alternata.  (Zool.  Anz..  Ixx,  ]>.  315-328,  ill.) 
Hendel,  F. —  Keitra.^e  zur  <")kolo^ic-  der  a--romy/.iden.  (122, 
vii.  p.  480-4SS,  ill.  i  Johnson,  C.  W.— Dipterological  notes. 
(5,  xxxiv,  p.  33-35.1  Komp,  W.  H.  W.— (  )bser\ations  on 


192  ENTOMol.ociCAL   NEWS  [June,  '27 

Anopheles  walked  and  Anopheles  atropos.  ( 15,  xiv,  p. 
168-176.)  Krueger,  F. —  I'.iologie  nnd  morphologic  einiger 
syrphidenlarven.  (122,  vi,  p.  82-149,  ill.  1926.)  Perfiljew, 
P.  P. — Zur  anatomic  der  tiohlarven.  (122,  vii,  p.  102-126, 
ill. )  Roberts,  J.  I. — The  anatomy  and  morphology  of  Hip- 
pobosca  equina.  (Ann.  Trop.  Med.  &  Paras.,  xxi,  p.  11-26, 
ill.)  Rogers,  J.  S. — Notes  on  the  life  history,  distribution 
and  Ecology  of  Diotrepha  mirabilis.  (7,  xx,  p.  23-35,  ill.) 

(N)  *  Alexander,  C.  P. — Xe\v  or  little-known  nearctic 
species  of  Trichoceridae.  (4,  lix,  p.  66-73,  ill.)  *Alexan- 
der,  C.  P. — Undescribed  species  of  Tipnlidae  from  Utah. 
(55,  iii,  p.  143-145.)  Curran,  C.  H.— On  the  identity  of 
some  species  of  Cartosyrphns.  (4,  lix,  p.  73-74.)  Czerny, 
L. — Erganzungen  und  berichtigungen  zn  meiner  monogra- 
phic der  Helomyziden.  (56,  vi,  p.  35-49,  ill.)  Duda,  O.— 
Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  gattung  Lonchoptera.  ( 56,  vi, 
p.  89-99,  ill.)  Dyar,  H.  G.— Mosquito  notes.  (Culicidae). 
(15,  xiv,  p.  179-182.)  *Hall,  D.  G.— A  new  species  of  Sar- 
cophaga  from  Ohio.  ( 15,  xiv,  p.  176-178.  ill. )  Hearle,  E.- 
Notes  on  the  occurrence  of  Aedes  (Ochlerotatus)  nearcticus 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains  Park,  Alberta.  (Culicidae).  (4, 
lix,  p.  61-63,  ill.)  Paramonow,  S.  J. — Zur  kenntnis  der 
gattung  Hemipenthes  Lw.  (59,  (H).  Ill,  p.  150-190.) 
*VanDuzee,  M.  C. — Xorth  American  species  of  Polymedon. 
(Dolichopodidae).  (7,  xx,  p.  123-126.)  *VanDuzee,  M. 
C. — Four  new  dolichopoclids  in  the  collection  of  the  Califor- 
nia Academy  of  Sciences.  (55,  iii,  p.  146-148.) 

( S )  ^Alexander,  C.  P. — Undescribed  species  of  Tipuline 
crane-flies  from  tropical  America.  (15,  xiv.  p.  159-167.) 
*Borgmeier,  T. — Contribuicao  para  o  conhecimento  dos 
generos  Rhyncophromyia  e  Acanthophorides.  (Phoridae). 
(  I'.ol.  Mus.  Xac.  R.  d.  Janeiro,  ii,  Xo.  4,  p.  1-12,  ill.  > 
*Dyar  &  Tovar. — Xotes  on  biting  flies  from  Venezuela. 
(Culicidae,  Psychodidae).  (15,  xiv,  p.  152-155,  190.)  *En- 
derlein,  G. — Dipterlogische  studien.  (56,  vi,  p.  50-56,  ill.) 
:;:Seguy,  E. —  l)ipteres  exotiques  pen  connus.  (59,  (I>),  HI, 
p.  192-196,  ill.)  *Shannon,  R.  C.— A  review  of  the  South 
American  two-winged  Hies  of  the  family  Syrphidae.  (50, 
Ixx,  Art.  9,  34  pp.',  ill.)  :':Shannon  &  Greene,— A  bot-fly 
parasitic  in  monkeys.  (Zoopath.,  Xew  York,  i,  p.  285-290, 
ill.)  *Szilady,  Z. — Dipterenstudien.  1  Zur  kenntnis  der 
conopiden.  II  Bemerkungen  iiber  einige  scatophagiden  des 
ungarischen  national-museums.  IV.  Fine  neue  syrphide 
aus  mittel-amerika.  (109,  xxiv,  p.  586-611,  ill.) 


xxxviii, '27]  EXTO.MOI.OCICAI.  \F.\YS  193 

COLEOPTERA.— Boving,  A.  G.— The  larva  of  Xever- 
niannia  dorcatomoides  with  comments  on  the  classification 
of  the  Anobiidae  according  to  their  larvae  I  Anobiidae ). 
(10,  xxix,  p.  51-02,  ill.)  Cotton,  R.  T.— Xotes  on  the 
biology  of  the  meal  worms.  Tenehrio  niolitor  and  T.  oh- 
scurus.  (7,  xx,  ]).  SI -86.)  Gimingham,  C.  T. —  Beetles  at 
light.  (S,  Ixiii,  p.  90.)  Glasgow,  R.  D. — Another  inter- 
mediary insect  host  of  the  giant  thorn-headed  worm  of 
swine,  Phyllophaga  vehemens  (  Scarabaeidae ) .  new  to  the 
host  list  of  this  parasite.  (7,  xx,  p.  86.)  Glasgow,  R. 
D. — Another  insect  vector  of  the  giant  thorn-headed  worm 
of  swine,  Xvloryctes  sntvrns  (Scarabaeidae).  (7,  xx,  p. 
127-128,  ill.)  Hatch,  M.  "H.— The  morphology  of  Gyrinidae. 
(Pap.  Michigan  Acad.  Sci..  vii,  p.  M  1-350,  ill.)  Heymons, 
R. — Biologische  beobachtungen  am  pillendreherkafer  Sca- 
rabaeus.  (107,  xlvii,  p.  104-187.)  Heymons,  v.  Lengerken 
u.  Bayer. — Studien  iiber  die  lebenserscheinungen  der  Sil- 
phini.  (122,  vi,  p.  287-332.  ill.  1926.)  Larson,'  A.  O.— The 
host-selection  principle  as  applied  to  Bruchus  quadrimacu- 
latus.  (7,  xx,  p.  37-78.  ill.)  Scheerpeltz,  O. — Ein  staphyl- 
inide  als  bliitenschadling.  (79,  xiii,  p.  1-9,  ill.) 

(X)  Arrow,  G.  J. — A  note  on  the  coleopterous  genus 
Aserica  ( Melolonthinae ).  (10,  xxix,  p.  69-70.)  *Blake,  D. 
H. — A  revision  of  the  beetle's  of  the  genus  Oedionychus 
occurring  in  America,  north  of  Mexico.  (  50,  Ixx.  Art.  23, 
44  pp.,  ill.)  *Chittenden,  F.  H. — Classification  of  the  nut 
curculios  [formerly  Balaninus]  of  boreal  america.  (70, 
vii,  p.  129-191,  ill.)  Knaus,  W. — A  Washington  record  for 
Cicindela  westbournei.  (55,  iii.  p.  114.)  Ochs,  G. —  Ceber 
die  (  lyriniden  von  Linne  und  Kabricius.  (79,  xiii.  p.  34-42.) 
Schenkling,  S. — Coleopterorum  catalogus.  Pars  88,  Klater- 
idae  II,  265-636  pp.  *Van.  Dyke,  E.  C. — A  ne\v  species  of 
Amphizoa.  (55,  iii,  p.  97-98.)  *Van  Dyke,  E.  C- New 
species  and  subspecies  of  west  American  Cerambycidae. 
(55,  iii.  p.  99-109.) 

(  X  )  *Fisher,  W.  S. — A  new  genus  and  species  of  Col- 
eoptera  from  a  termite  nest  in  Costa  Rica  (Anobiidae). 
(10,  xxix,  p.  49-50,  ill.)  Pic,  M. — Contribution  a  1'etude 
des  coleonteres  Malacodermes.  (24,  xcvi,  p.  77-83.)  :;:Pic, 
M. — Xouveaux  Chauliognathus.  (24,  xcvi,  ]>.  84.)  :;:Por- 
tevin,  M.  G. — Deux  Silphides  nouvi-aux  des  collections  dn 
deutsches  entomologisches  institut.  (49,  xvi,  p.  52-53.) 
*Stollberg,  E.  U. —  I  )rei  neue  amerikanische  Ilisi)inen.  (49, 
xvi,  ]).  50-52.  ill.)  :|:Thery,  A. —  Ihiprestides  nouveaux  des 
Antilles.  (24,  xcvi,  p.  31-3o.  i 


194  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '27 

HYMENOPTERA.— Arnoldi,  K.  W.— Stuclien  iiber  die 
variabilitat  der  ameisen.  (122,  vii,  p.  254-278,  ill.)  Cor- 
netz,  V. — Une  vieille  experience  avec  les  founnis.  (  La 
Feuil.  Xat.  Paris,  xlvii.  p.  177-182.)  Creighton,  W.  S.- 
The  slave-raids  of  Harpagoxenus  americanus.  (5,  xxxiv, 
p.  11-29,  ill.)  Custer  &  Hicks. — Nesting  habits  of  sonic 
anthidiine  bees.  [Biol.  Bull.,  Hi.  p.  258-277.]  Frisch, 
K.  v. — Versucbe  uber  den  geschmackssinn  der  bienen. 
(118,  xv,  p.  321-327.)  Hicks,  C.  H.— Aphilanthops  quadri- 
notatus,  a  wasp  which  carries  her  prey  on  her  sting.  (4, 
lix,  p.  51-55,  ill.)  Hutson,  R. — Relation  of  the  honeybee  to 
fruit  pollination  in  Xew  Jersey.  (Xew  Jersey  Agric.  Ex- 
per.  Sta.,  Bull.  434,  p.  3-28",  ill.)"  Menozzi,  G.— Zur  kenntnis 
des  weibchens  von  Dorylus  nigricans  var  molesta  (  Formi- 
cidae).  [Zool.  Anz.,  Ixx,  p.  263-266.  ill.]  Mercet,  R.  G.- 
Nota  sobre  Lelapinos.  (Chalc.)  (72,  xii,  p.  49-63,  ill.) 
Parker,  R.  L. — The  collection  and  utilization  of  pollen  by 
the  honeybee.  (Cornell  Univ.  Agric.  Exper.  Sta.,  Mem. 
98,  p.  3-55,  ill.)  Rabaud  et  Millot. — Sur  les  guepes  "Polis- 
tes  gallicus"  infestees  par  stylops.  (77,  xcvi,  p.  944-946.) 
Rosch,  G.  A. — Beobachtungen  an  kittharz  sammelnden 
bienen  "Apis  mellifica."  (107,  Ixvii,  p.  113-121,  ill.) 
Schulze,  H. — Ueber  die  fruchtbarkeit  der  schlupfwespe 
"Trichogramma  evanescens."  ( 122,  vi,  p.  553-587,  1926. ) 
Sturtevant,  A.  H. — The  social  parasitism  of  the  ant  Harpa- 
goxenus  americanus.  (5,  xxxiv,  p.  1-9.) 

,(N)  Fernald,  H.  T. — The  digger  wasps  of  Xorth  America 
of  the  genus  Podalonia  (Psammophila).  (50,  Ixxi,  Art.  9, 
42  pp.,  ill.)  *Gahan,  A.  B. — Miscellaneous  descriptions  of 
new  parasitic  11.  with  some  synonymical  notes.  (50,  Ixxi, 
Art.  4,  39  pp.,  ill.)  Rohwer,  S.  A. — -Two  European  sawrlies 
of  the  genus  Emphytina  found  in  the  United  States.  ( 10, 
xxix,  p.  66,  67.)  Rohwer,  S.  A. — On  the  synonymy  of  a  leaf 
mining  sawfly.  (10,  xxix,  p.  67-69.)  Walley,  G.  S. — Note 
on  the  synonymy  of  Odontomerus  mellipes  ( Ichneumon- 
idae).  (4,  lix'  p."  74.) 

(S)   *Mitchell,  T.  B.— New  West  Indian  Megachile.      (5, 
xxxiv,  p.  47-57.) 


SPECIAL  NOTICES. 

Revision  der  termiten  afrikas.  III.  Monographie,  Yon 
Y.  Sjostedt.  |  K.  Svenska  Vet.  Akad.  llandl.,  (3),  iii.  No.) 
419  pp.,  ill.].  This  monograph  will  probably  be  useful  to 
some  American  students  of  this  order. 

Butterflies  of  California:     a  popular  guide  to  the  knmvl- 


xxxviii, '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  195 

edge  of  the  butterflies  of  California,  embracing  all  of  the 
477  species  and  varieties  at  present  recorded  for  the  state. 
By  John  Adams  Comstock.  Illustrated  with  (u  full  page 
color  plates  showing  all  of  the  species  known  to  inhabit  the 
state,  and  the  majority  of  those  occurring  in  the  South- 
west, together  with  half-tone  and  line  illustrations  depict- 
ing the  life  histories  of  western  butterflies.  Published  by 
the  Author  $15.00. 

This  work  will  be  found  to  be  a  valuable  addition  to 
the  library  of  the  students  of  this  order,  and  should  be 
in  all  western  libraries. 


THE  LEPIDOPTERA  NAMED  BY  GEORGE  A.  EHKMAXX.  I>y 
W.  J.  HOLLAND  (and  in  part  A.  AVIXOFF).  Annals,  Carnegie 
Museum,  Vol.  XVII,  Xo.  2,  1927.— This  paper  of  64  pages 
and  six  plates  of  photographic  reproductions  of  Ehrmann's 
types  is  a  decidedly  valuable  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of 
Lepidoptera.  It  contains  a  list  of  Ehrmann's  writings,  com- 
ments, sometimes  at  considerable  length,  on  his  species,  and 
gives  in  addition  new  information  on  some  allied  forms.  A 
large  proportion  of  the  names  become  synonyms,  and  now 
those  which  are  not  such  can  be  correctly  identified  by  the 
student.  The  fact  that  these  species  have  previously  been 
generally  mis-identified  in  the  literature  again  proves  that 
most  published  descriptions,  unless  accompanied  by  good  fig- 
ures, are  practically  worthless.  It  is  obviously  impossible  for 
workers  to  visit  all  of  the  museums  in  which  types  are  depos- 
ited, and  we  therefore  owe  Dr.  Holland  another  debt  for 
clearing  up  this  particular  set  of  pu/zles.  Dr.  AvinofT,  an 
authority  on  the  Parnassiidae,  has  written  that  portion  which 
deals  with  Ehrmann's  species  of  Parnassius, — R.  C.  WILLIAMS, 

JR.  m 

Doings  of  Societies. 

The  American  Entomological  Society. 

A  stated  meeting  was  held  January  27,  1927,  in  the  hall  of 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Science^  of  Philadelphia,  Mr.  R.  C. 
Williams  presiding.  Eleven  members  and  visitor.^  were 
present. 

The  Treasurer"^  report  was  read  and  given  to  the  Finance 
Committee  for  auditing. 

In  an  informal  report  for  the  Curator,  Mr.  Cresson  men- 
tioned some  of  the  recent  improvements  in  the  room>  of  the 


196  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,  '27 

Entomological     Department.       Miss     Louise    Knobel    was 
elected  a  resident  member. 

After  reading-  the  nominations  for  officers  and  commit- 
tees made  at  the  December,  1926,  meeting,  it  was  moved 
and  seconded  that  the  recording  secretary  cast  a  ballot 
electing  these  nominees.  They  are  as  follows :  President, 
Roswell  C.  Williams.  Jr.;  rice-President,  Philip  Laurent; 
Treasurer,  Ezra  T.  Cresson,  Jr.';  Corresponding  Secretary, 
James  A.  G.  Rehn ;  Recording  Secretary,  R.  J.  Titherington  ; 
Librarian,  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr. ;  Curator,  \V.  J.  Coxey. 

Committees:  Finance,  M.  Hebard,  W.  J.  Coxey,  F.  R.  Ma- 
son; Publication,  J.  A.  C.  Rehn,  P.  P.  Calvert,  M.  Hebard; 
Library,  F.  M.  Jones,  W.  J.  Coxey,  F.  R.  Mason. 

Mr.  Williams  read  a  notice  of  the  death  of  .Annie  T.  Slosson, 
well-known  entomologist. 

Mr.  Carl  Ilg  presented,  through  Mr.  Williams,  six  specimens 
of  Autoscrica  japonica  (Match.) 

Mr.  Hornig  gave  an  address  on  "The  Mountains  of  Silesia," 
illustrated  by  lantern  slides. 

R.    J.    TITIIERINGTON,    Recording    Secretary. 


OBITUARY. 

The  death  of  WILLIAM  LOCIIIIEAD,  professor  emeritus  of 
entomology  and  zoology  in  Macdonald  College,  McGill  Uni- 
versity, Montreal,  Canada,  on  March  26,  is  announced  in 
Science  for  April  15.  He  was  born  at  Listowel,  Ontario, 
April  3,  1864,  and  studied  at  McGill  (A.I 5.  1885)  and  at  Cor- 
nell (1886-87,  M.S.  1895).  He  taught  successively  at  Gait 
Collegiate  Institute  (1889-1894),  London  Collegiate  Institute 
(1896-1898)  and  Ontario  Agricultural  College  (1898-1905), 
where  he  was  professor  of  biology,  and  held  the  same  chair  at 
Macdonald  College  from  1905  until  a  few  years  ago,  when  he 
retired  on  account  of  ill  health.  His  work  was  chiefly  in  eco- 
nomic entomology,  especially  on  scale  insects,  the  Hessian  fly, 
pea- weevil  and  orchard  insects,  as  well  as  on  fungi  of  eco- 
nomic importance.  In  1919  he  published  an  excellent  Class 
Book  of  Economic  Entomology,  with  special  reference  to  the 
economic  insects  of  the  northern  United  States  and  Canada, 
distinguished  for  the  clear,  compact  and  methodical  arrange- 
ment of  its  subject  matter;  a  review  will  be  found  in  the  \K\VS 
for  July,  1919,  page  209. 

FRANK  R.  MASON,  collector  of  Coleoptera,  member  of  the 
American  Entomological  Society,  died  rather  suddenly  on  Mav 
28,  1927,  at  his  home  5533  Pulaski  Avenue,  Germanlown,  Phila- 
delphia. 


JULY,  1927 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVIII  No.  7 


JAMES  H.  B.  BLAND, 
1833-191' 


CONTENTS 

Calvert — Rene  Martin li)7 

List — Rocky  Mountain  Conference  of  Entomologists 205 

Knight— Acetropis  americana,  a  New  Species  of  Miridae  from  Oregon 

(Hemiptera)    . 206 

Weiss— Dru  Drury,  Silversmith  and  Entomologist  of   the  Eighteenth 

Century .        .  208 

Wyatt— Collecting  Experiences  (Lepid.:  Noctuidae)  .  .  L;14 

Wyatt  and  Beer— A  New  Form  of  Papaipema  speciosissima  (Lepid.: 

Noctuidae) 215 

Hayes — Congeneric  and  Intergeneric   Pederasty  in  the   Scarabaeidae 

(Coleop.) ' 

Crosby — Letter  to  the  Editor,  Figures  and  Descriptions 219 

Personals— Wheeler,    Nuttall,    Mank,     Bryan,    Jr.,    Hatch,    Tillyard, 

Wardle,  Jordan 219 

Collecting  Expeditions — Aldrich,   Martin  and  Van   Duzee,   Haley  and 

Harrold,  Baker 220 

The  1000th  Meeting  of  the  Jugatae.  .... 220 

Recent  Additions  to  the  British  Museum 22H 

Entomological  Literature 

Hayes — A  Note  on  the  New  Species  in  Tillyard's  "  Insects  of  Australia 

and  New  Zealand" 

Doings  of  Societies — The  American  Entomological  Society 

The  Kansas  Entomological  Society 229 


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"extras"  of  an  author's  contribution,  without  change  in  form  and  without 
covers,  will  be  given  free  when  they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five 
copies  are  desired  this  should  be  stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will 
be  published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by  au- 
thors will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


STATED  MEETINGS 

Of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held  at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M., 
on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June,  July,  August, 
November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of  November  am 
December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 


The  printer  of  the  NEWS  will   furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twent. 
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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIII. 


Plate  IV. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XXXVIII  JULY,   1927  No.  7 

Rene  Martin. 

(Portrait   and   Autograph,   Plate   IV). 

Rene  Martin,  well  known  French  student  of  the  Odonata, 
died  at  Villa  Alemana,  a  small  village  between  Valparaiso  and 
Santiago,  Chile,  August  20,  1925.  His  death  was  briefly  an- 
nounced at  the  meeting,  on  October  14,  1925,  of  the  Entom- 
ological Society  of  France,  of  which  he  had  been  a  member 
since  1891.  As  his  taxonomic  work  concerned  the  North  Amer- 
ican fauna  as  well  as  that  of  other  parts  of  the  globe,  and  as 
no  biographical  notice  in  any  entomological  journal  is  known 
to  the  writer*,  it  seems  appropriate  that  some  account  of  his 
life  and  entomological  researches  should  appear  in  the  NEWS. 
Thanks  to  the  kindness  of  his  daughter,  Madame  Montane- 
Martin,  I  have  received  a  copy  of  a  biographical  notice  by  his 
long-time  associate,  M.  Raymond  Rollinat  (Lc  Journal  dii 
Dcpartcincnt  dc  I'lndrc  of,  apparently,  July  23,  1926).  Before 
me  lie  seventy-one  letters  and  cards  from  M.  Martin  to  myself 
from  June  26,  1890,  to  July  14,  1922.  From  these  sources 
and  from  his  published  papers  the  following  is  derived. 

Rene  Martin  was  born  at  Chatellerault,  department  of 
Vienna,  France,  June  5,  1846,  of  a  family  some  of  whose  mem- 
bers had  filled  public  offices.  He  attended  the  Lycee  of  Ver- 
sailles from  1859  to  1866  and  studied  law  at  Paris  from  1866 
to  1870.  In  the  war  of  1870-71  he  served  in  the  fourth  bat- 
talion of  the  garde  mobile  of  Vienne  during  the  campaign  of 
the  Loire  under  General  Chanzy.  On  October  10,  1871,  he 
married  Mile.  Marie  Falchero.  and  as  her  property  was  located 
in  the  adjoining  department  of  Tndre,  to  the  east,  he  removed  to 
Le  Blanc  in  1872.  Here,  from  1876  to  1907,  he  was  aroitc,1 

*Not  until  the  present  article  was  in  page  proof,  did  I  learn  of  the 
obituary  in  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.,  France  xcvi,  pp.  27-30. 

1  So  Rollinat,  /.  c.,  although  M.  Martin  often  signed  his  letters  to  me 
with  "avocat"  following  his  name.  "In  France  .  .  .  there  is,  however, 
a  distinction  between  iri'ocats  and  at'oucs.  The  latter,  whose  number 
is  limited,  act  as  procurators  or  agents,  representing  the  parties  before 
the  tribunals,  draft  and  prepare  fur  them  all  formal  acts  and  writings, 
and  prepare  their  lawsuits  for  the  oral  debates.  The  office  of  the  itrn^il, 
on  the  other  hand,  consists  in  giving  advice  as  to  the  law,  and  conducting 
the  causes  of  his  clients  by  written  and  oral  pleadings.  The  number 
of  arocats  is  not  limited  .  .  ."  (Encyc.  Brit.  (13)  I,  p.  241.  1926). 

197 


198  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS 

and  here  he  devoted  much  time  to  the  study  of  the  vertebrates, 
the  Lepidoptera,  the  Neuroptera  (in  the  Linnean  sense)  and 
especially  the  Odonata ;  the  nearby  forests  of  Boischaut  and 
marshes  of  la  Brenne  furnishing  him  with  much  material.  Here 
too,  from  August  8  to  10,  1895,  I  had  the  pleasure  of  visiting 
him  and  his  family  and  of  making  some  collecting  trips  for 
dragonflies  with  him.  The  population  of  Le  Blanc  in  1891 
was  about  7400. 

Our  correspondence,  translated  here  as  elsewhere,  had  begun 
with  his  letter  of  June  26,  1890: 

I  have  seen  in  "Entomological  News"  that  you  ask  for 
Odonata  of  Europe.  I  shall  be  very  happy  to  enter  into  rela- 
tions of  exchange  with  you.  I  have  almost  all,  if  not  all  the 
species  of  France  and  vicinity  and  I  can  send  you  them  in  such 
quantity  as  you  desire.  For  example,  I  take  here  in  numbers 
Gomphns  siniilliiiuts,  graslini,  uncatus. 

I  eagerly  accepted  his  proposal  and  our  exchanges  of  speci- 
mens and  of  publications  continued  until  1922,  although  with 
a  long  interruption  previous  to  and  during  the  world  war.  In 
my  first  letter  to  him  I  asked  for  five  males  and  five  females 
of  each  species.  He  on  his  part  would  be  content  with  two 
specimens  of  each  sex,  but  in  a  few  years  requested  a  larger 
number  for  his  other  correspondents.  On  October  31,  1890, 
he  wrote : 

Indeed  the  only  French  species  which  I  have  not  taken  my- 
self are  EpitJicca  b'nnaculata,  Macromia  splcndcns,  (roinpluts 
flavipcs  and  scrpcntinus,  Nehalcnnia  spcciosa.  All  the  other 
species  I  have  found  in  the  department  of  Indre  and  the  sur- 
rounding departments.  I  even  have  the  conviction  that  I  shall 
discover  Macromia  splendens  here,  which  inhabits  la  Charente, 
but  up  to  the  present  my  efforts  have  not  been  crowned  with 
success. 

At  the  beginning  of  January  [1894]  I  went  to  pass  four  dn\s 
in  Belgium,  solely  to  visit  the  collections  of  M.  de  Sdvs-Long- 
champs.  I  spent  three  days  with  him  at  Liege  and  I  examined 
his  splendid  collections  to  the  bottom.  I  believe  no  other  col- 
lection is  as  rich,  nevertheless  I  was  astonished  how  mrinv 
species  were  lacking  even  of  those  described  by  him  .  .  .  notablv 
Oligocsclma  mod'njliani,  of  which  only  a  dozen  specimens  are 
known  in  collections  according  to  M.  de  Selys.  I  have  kept  4 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  199 

of  them,  I  have  sent  him  2  (he  had  none)  and  I  send  you  2 
(letter  of  Jan.  30,  1894). 

I  made  a  trip  into  Italy,  but  I  took  only  common  species 
except  that  in  the  south  of  France  I  captured  a  single  specimen 
of  SomotocJilora  alpcstris.  At  Genoa  I  visited  the  museum,  hut 
there  was  nothing  great  there  except  the  collection  made  by  M. 
I-Va  in  Burma  which  is  beautiful.  M.  Fea  showed  it  to  me  in 
detail.  (Letter  of  Sept.  27,  1894). 

I  remark  that  some  collections  which  I  have  studied  have 
nothing  in  insects  of  your  country.  North  America,  so  rich, 
is  not  represented  and  indeed  I  myself  have  received  nothing 
from  there  except  from  you  (Dec.  5,  1894). 

In  later  years,  of  course,  the  number  of  his  correspondents 
increased  and  included  Professors  D.  S.  Kellicott  and  J.  G. 
Needham,  Miss  Mattie  Wadsworth  and  Mr.  E.  B.  Williamson. 

On  March  28,   1896,  Mr.  Robert  McLachlan  wrote: 

In  the  beginning  of  last  month  I  had  a  hurried  visit  from  M. 
Martin.  He  arrived  in  London  on  Monday  evening — spent  the 
Tuesday  with  me — the  Wednesday  at  the  British  Museum  and 
returned  same  evening.  He  had  never  been  in  England  before. 
But  I  had  met  him  in  Paris  a  few  years  ago. 

Somewhat  more  than  a  year  later,  M.  Martin  wrote: 

It  is  with  difficulty  that  I  write  to  you,  for  two  months  ago 
I  was  the  victim  of  a  serious  accident  of  the  chase.  In  taking 
a  gun  into  my  carriage  I  received  two  shots  point  blank ;  one 
linger  of  the  right  hand  was  carried  away  and  the  left  arm 
pierced  in  several  places  so  that  I  was  near  death.  Happily  I 
am  much  better  (Aug.  16,  1897). 

On  February  4,  1899,  Mr.  McLachlan  wrote: 

M.  Martin  spent  the  day  here  on  Wednesday  last.  He  looks 
none  the  worse  for  his  gun  accident.  He  is  certainly  getting 
together  a  big  collection  of  Odonata  and  very  rapidly,  for  he 
says  he  has  over  1200  species. 

In  1900,  sometime  previous  to  November,  Madame  Martin 
died.  She  was  a  very  pleasant  person  who  spoke  English  well, 
having  lived  in  Guernsey  for  some  years.  I  still  preserve  the 
record  of  her  farewell  when  I  left  Lc  Blanc — that  I  must  repeat 
my  visit  to  them  when  next  I  came  to  France — an  opportunity 
that  never  presented  itself. 


200  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

That  to  this  loss  was  soon  added  another  is  evidenced  by  his 
letter  of  December  13,  1900: 

I  am  truly  desolated  for  I  learned,  the  day  before  yesterday, 
of  the  death  of  our  friend,  M.  de  Selys-Longchamps.  His 
decrease,  although  it  was  to  be  expected  at  any  time,  on  account 
of  the  age  of  our  old  master,  has  deeply  afflicted  me. 

The  next  letter  refers  to  the  plans  for  the  proposed  catalogue 
of  the  Selys  collections : 

I  have  arrived  from  Liege  where  I  looked  over  the  collec- 
tion of  our  friend  M.  de  Selys.  I  found  there  MM.  Ris  and 
Forster,  whom  you  know.  The  question  is  that  of  making  a 
general  history  of  the  Odonata  in  honor  of  M.  de  Selys,  based 
on  his  collection.  M.  Ris  is  charged  with  the  Libellulinae,  I 
with  the  Cordulinae  and  the  Aeschninae,  Forster  with  the 
Agrioninae.  There  are  no  collaborators  as  yet  for  the  other 
families.  Much  was  said  of  you  and  it  was  regretted  that  you 
are  so  far  from  Europe.  One  would  have  liked  to  ask  you  to 
take  the  Gomphinae  or  the  Calopteryginae.  In  any  case,  all  will 
have  much  recourse  to  you,  if  you  will,  especially  Ris  and  I. 
MM.  de  Selys  are  willing  to  spend  considerable  money  in  order 
to  have  a  very  beautiful  publication  (April  7,  1901. )2 

Under  the  date  of  January  11,  1902,  M.  Martin  asked  for 
duplicates  of  American  Cordulines  "for  I  am  occupying  myself 

-  It  seems  not  inappropriate  to  print  here  certain  other  letters  to  me, 
although  not  from  M.  Martin,  which  bear  upon  this  undertaking,  on 
account  of  their  historical  interest. 

Mr.  Robert  McLachlan  wrote  from  London,  20  May,  1901  :  As  to 
M.  de  Selys.  To  my  utter  surprise  I  found  he  had  left  me  a  consider- 
able sum  of  money  in  return  for  which  I  was  to  work  out  the  collec- 
tions. This  was  uttterly  and  totally  impossible  and  I  at  once  renounced 
all  right  to  the  money.  From  what  I  know  of  the  collections  I  don't 
think  any  of  the  parties  quite  realize  what  they  have  undertaken  to  do. 

Baron  Walter  de  Selys  wrote  on  March  22,  1901  :  In  view  of  the 
persistent  refusal  of  Mr.  McLachlan,  a  refusal  founded,  unhappily,  on 
the  state  of  his  health  (invincible  insomnia),  M.  le  Dr.  Ris  has  been 
willing  to  accept  the  scientific  direction  of  the  work  to  be  done  for  the 
publication  of  a  methodical  (and  iconographic?)  catalogue,  with  diagnoses 
of  the  new  forms,  of  the  collection  of  Odonata  left  by  my  father.  My 
father,  by  his  will,  has  imposed  upon  me,  in  spite  of  my  incompetence, 
the  heavy  burden  of  the  administrative  direction  (if  1  can  so  call  it). 
Independently  of  my  nephew  Maurice,  still  an  absolute  novice  in  this 
branch  and  whose  role  in  consequence  can  at  first  be  only  secondary,  we 
believe  we  can  count  for  the  present  in  the  number  of  collaborators  of 
the  projected  work,  MM.  Rene  Martin  and  Foerster.  If  the  Atlantic 
had  not  separated  you  from  us  we  would  not  have  been  wanting  in 
calling  upon  your  collaboration  also  .  .  . 


xxxviii,  '27]  F.XTOMOLOOICAI.   NKWS  201 

with  the  work  on  the  Cordulines  of  the  De  Selys  Collection;" 
on  September  9,  1904,  that  his  collaboration  on  the  (icncrn. 
Insectontni  of  M.  Wytsman  had  been  requested  and  on  Decem- 
ber 27  that  his  revision  of  the  Aesehnines  of  the  Selys  collec- 
tion was  approaching  completion,  followed  bv  other  letters  ask- 
ing for  information  on  certain  North  American  species  of  this 
group,  and  giving  and  offering  any  assistance  I  might  desire  in 
the  preparation  of  the  (  'donate  part  of  the  Biologia  Ccntrali- 
Americana. 

Then  came  his  removal  to  Paris. 

A  word  to  advise  you  that  I  am  leaving  the  town  of  Le  Blanc 
for  a  while.  I  am  going  to  live  in  Paris  and  take  my  collec- 
tions there.  My  new  address  is  Rue  du  Chemin  Vert  7S. 
(April  26,  1908.') 

From  Paris,  March  29,  1909,  he  wrote:  "I  am  occupying  my- 
self at  this  moment  with  the  Calopterygines  of  the  Selys  col- 
lection;" on  June  10,  1911,  from  20  Rue  d'Angouleme,  in  the 
same  city:  "I  am  about  finishing  the  manuscript  of  the  Calop- 
terygidae  of  the  Selys  collection,"  and  on  March  31.  1912,  that 
he  had  finished  it.  At  this  date  he  referred  to  his  wish,  com- 
municated also  to  Mr.  E.  B.  Willia/mson,  to  sell  his  principal 
collection  of  Odonata.  On  behalf  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Henry  Skinner  went  to  the  rooms 
in  the  Rue  d'Angouleme  in  August,  1912,  after  the  meeting  of 
the  Second  International  Congress  of  Entomology  at  Oxford. 
It  is  to  this  that  M.  Martin  refers  in  his  card  of  September  3: 

I  have  received  the  vi>it  of  the  Doctor  and  his  daughter;  he 
glanced  for  a  long  while  ( il  a  jete  un  long  coup  d'oeil)  at  my 
collection. 

Dr.  Skinner  made  an  unfavorable  report  so  that  no  further 
steps  were  taken  either  by  the  Academy  or  Mr.  Williamson  to 
secure  the  collection.  It  remained  unsold  in  1920  when  M. 
Martin  was  preparing  to  go  to  Chile,  and  he  was  still  anxious 
to  dispose  of  it.  In  a  letter  of  April  15  of  that  year  he  wrote: 
"It  contains  many  types  and  at  least  1600  specie-." 

In  two  letters  from  Chile  he  mentioned : 


202  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u,    '27 


I  have  given  my  collection  to  the  Paris  Museum.  1  have 
kept  1.  All  the  group  of  Lcstcs  of  which  I  am  making  a  mono- 
graph, 2.  A  series  of  types  of  South  America,  3.  The  Odonata 
of  Chile  (April  17,  1921).  I  have  here  a  part  of  my  collec- 
tion, the  group  of  Lestes,  .  .  .  and  a  certain  number  of  types 
of  South  America.  I  have  left  at  Brussels  my  manuscript  on 
the  Calopterygids  of  the  Selys  collection  and  that  on  the  genera 
of  Gomphines.  They  will  appear,  I  am  told,  when  the  price  of 
paper  and  printing  ink  will  permit  (Jan.  8,  1921). 

The  world  war  was  chiefly  responsible  for  a  gap  of  nearlv 
eight  years  in  our  correspondence.  In  his  letter  of  April  15, 
1920,  he  says: 

Of  my  four  sons,  I  have  lost  two  [Louis  and  Antoine]  in 
the  war.3  My  daughter  married,  a  year  and  a  half  ago,  a 
Frenchman  established  in  Chile,  who  came  to  fight  in  France 
and  she  leaves  next  September  for  Chile.  I  am  going  to  accom- 
pany her  and  I  will  spend  at  least  a  year,  perhaps  two,  in  central 
Chile.  I  am  going  to  study  the  fauna  of  that  country  and  pass 
my  time  collecting  Odonata  ...  I  have  not  received  many 
insects  during  the  war  other  than  several  boxes  of  Odonata 
from  Tonkin  and  some  sent  by  my  son,  administrator  of  the 
colonies  in  West  Africa,  who  has  collected  for  me  in  a  great 
part  of  [that  region].  He  has  sent  me  especially  some  remark- 
able Gomphines  and  I  have  been  able  to  found  several  new 
genera. 

In  the  first  letter  which  he  sent  me  from  South  America  he 
wrote  from  Villa  Alemana,  Province  of  Valparaiso  : 

I  have  been  in  Chile  a  month,  in  a  wild  country  surrounded 
by  denuded  hills  and,  farther  away,  high  mountains.  For 
six  months  not  a  drop  of  rain  has  fallen  and  the  dryness  is 
frightful.  The  heat  is  torrid.  Every  day  about  eleven  o'clock 
in  the  morning  a  wind  arises,  often  very  violent,  while  the  sun 
is  shining,  and  continues  until  six  in  the  evening.  So  I  have 
found  relatively  few  insects,  40  or  50  species  of  Coleoptera,  20 
of  Lepidoptera,  50  of  other  orders.  Happily  one  owner  had 
made  a  dam  in  a  little  brook  now  dry,  about  2  or  3  kilometers 
from  my  home,  and  above  this  dam  is  a  pretty  little  shady  pond 
and  I  go  there  almost  every  day.  Besides  I  have  made  three 
trips  into  the  mountains.  (Jan.  8,  1921). 

3  M.  Rollinat  tells  us  that  the  other  two  sons,  Hubert  and  Jacques, 
the  latter  an  administrator  in  French  Central  Africa,  also  took  part 
in  the  war. 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  203 

For  four  and  a  half  months  I  have  collected  almost  every  day 
and  I  begin  to  know  the  country  very  well,  but  winter  is  begin- 
ning, the  ( Monata,  excepting  .Icsc/ina  (lifjitiis,  disappear  and 
I  fear  I  shall  not  find  many  more  until  August.  1  have  several 
hundred  species  of  Coleoptera.  as  many  Hymenoptera,  Hemip- 
tera,  etc.,  and  only  19  species  of  <  Monata.  There  are  a  few 
diurnal  Lepidoptera  but  they,  excepting  C alias  and  \\nicssa, 
disappeared  some  day>  ago.  but  in  revenue  the  nocturnal  Lepi- 
do])tera  are  transforming  at  this  instant.  Lite  in  Chile  is  noi 
disagreeable.  I  have  visited  the  museum  of  Valparaiso  which 
is  nothing:  200  poor  birds,  2  cases  of  insects  without  names  and 
7  Odonata.  That  of  Santiago  is  good.  There  is  (|uite  a  com- 
plete collection  of  Chilean  birds  and  a  certain  number  of  Chilean 
insects.  There  is  almost  nothing  outside  of  the  zoology  of 
Chile.  I  have  determined  their  Odonata,  a  hundred  specimens 
of  which,  as  I  have  told  you,  8  or  9  are  remarkable  species. 
(April  17,  1921). 

After  a  terrible  drought  we  have  now  inundations  and  I  fear 
I  shall  hardly  find  Odonata  until  next  September  (  May  9, 
1921). 

Among  the  Fathers  of  the  Sacred  Heart  of  Santiago  be 
found  congenial  collectors  of  insects  and  took  part  in  the  for- 
mation of  an  entomological  society  in  that  city  in  1922.  Many 
notes  and  questions  on  the  Chilean  dragonflies  occupied  his  let- 
ters of  these  two  years  ;  the  last  that  I  have  is  dated  July  14, 
1922. 

M.  Rollinat  tells  us  that  by  a  letter  which  M.  Martin  dictated 
to  his  daughter  January  4,  1924,  he  learned  that  his  friend  had 
been  very  ill  since  the  beginning  of  the  preceding  year.  He  had 
been  stricken  with  cerebral  congestion  followed  by  two  later 
attacks.  He  spoke  and  walked  with  difficulty,  his  sight  was  very 
feeble,  his  faculties  could  no  longer  be  applied  to  scientific 
researches  and  this  distressed  him  extremely.  His  condition 
was  irremediable  and  he  passed  away  on  August  20,  1925. 

M.  Kollinat,  in  his  biographical  notice  already  cited,  gives  a 
list  of  titles  of  Martin's  writings,  arranged  according  to  the 
journals  in  which  they  appeared,  but  without  quoting  volumes 
or  dates.  The  entomological  papers  deal  with  the  Trichoptera, 
I'erlidae  and  Lepidoptera  of  France,  as  a  whole  or  in  part,  but 
are  concerned  chielly  with  the  Odonata.  Of  these  last,  42  arc 
known  to  me,  but  my  list  is  not  complete,  to  judge  from  that 


204  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u-    '27 


given  by  M.  Rollinat  ;  5  relate  to  the  French  fauna  (1888-89), 
1  to  that  of  Cyprus  (1894),  1  to  Turkey  (1921),  1  Syria 
(1909),  1  Algeria  (1901),  4  West  Africa  (1905-1912),  2  East 
Africa  (1907,  1915),  2  Africa  in  general  (1910,  1912),  1 
Seychelles  (1896),  2  Judo-China  (1904,  1910),  1  New  Guinea 
(1908),  1  Australia  (1901),  1  Colombia  and  Ecuador  (1896). 

1  Argentine  and  Paraguay  (1896),  2  to  Chili  (1921,  1924)  ;  6 
contain  descriptions  of  new  species  and  varieties  from  various, 
often  widespread,  localities,  including  a  number  in  South  Amer- 
ica (1895,  1898,  1900,  1902,  1907,  1921)  ;  1  gives  data  on  the 
hibernation  of  Sympccnia  fnsca  in  the  imago  stage  in  France 
(1887),  4   list   birds   in   whose   stomachs   Odonata   have   been 
found  in  different  parts  of  the  world   (1891,   1910.   1911);   1 
mentions  Odonata  found  destroying  injurious  insects   (1897); 

2  are  of  monographic  nature,  on  the  Cordulines  (  1906)  and  the 
Aeschnines    (1908-09)    respectively,    in   the   Catalogue   of   the 
zoological  collections  of  Baron  E.  de  Selys  Longchamps,  and 
1  treats  of  the  Aeschninae  in  Wytsman's  Genera  Insectoritin 
(1911),  the  only  group  of  Odonata  which  has  appeared  in  that 
series.     Alone,  or  in  collaboration   with  M.   Rollinat,   he  also 
published  on  the  vertebrates  of  the  department  of  Indre,  France. 
Reference  to  the  Zoological  Record  for  the  years  above  quoted 
will  enable  those  interested  to  find  the  journals  in  which  these 
papers  were  published. 

Martin's  work  on  the  Odonata  was  mainly  descriptive  tax- 
onomic.  He  described  165  species  or  subspecies  and  18  genera 
as  new.  In  his  monographic  works  he  adhered  rather  closely 
to  the  schemes  of  classification  proposed  by  de  Selys.  Of  his 
fascicule  on  the  Cordulines  in  the  Selys  Catalogue,  he  wrote  : 
"This  fasciculus  is  almost  a  reproduction  of  de  Selys'  Synopsis; 
the  Aeschnines,  on  the  contrary,  will  be  a  complete  monograph 
of  the  family"  (Feb.  18.  1907).  Nevertheless  his  Cordulines 
was  a  direct  stimulus  to  the  new  arrangements  suggested  by 
Mr.  E.  B.  Williamson4  and  Prof.  J.  G.  Needham.5  In  the 
Aeschnines  he  appears  to  have  overlooked  a  number  of  char- 
acters by  which  species  in  the  genera  allied  to  Gynacantha  may 
be  distinguished  from  each  other,  resulting  in  the  association 
of  a  number  of  species  under  one  specific  name,0  while  his 


xxxviii,  '27  j  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  205 

arrangement  of  genera  has  been  modified  by  Prof.  Walker.7 

M.  Martin  played  an  important  part  in  the  distribution  of 
specimens  of  both  imagos  and  larvae  of  Odonata  from  diverse 
parts  of  the  world  to  those  engaged  in  their  study.  He  col- 
lected the  exuviae  of  the  French  species  assiduously,  yet  never 
published  anything  but  general  statements  on  the  early  stages 
of  these  insects.  In  him  there  passed  away  a  man  of  great 
kindliness  and  willingness  to  help  his  correspondents. 

"To  my  good  friends  and  mentors  in  Odonatology,  M.  Rene- 
Martin  and  Dr.  F.  Ris,  I  dedicate  this  book  in  memory  of  many 
kindnesses  received  from  them,"  is  the  inscription  in  Dr.  R.  J. 
Tillyard's  Biology  of  Dragonflics.  PHILIP  P.  CALVERT. 

(The  photograph  reproduced  on  Plate  IV  is  of  1904,  the  autograph  of 
June  30,  1891.) 


Rocky  Mountain  Conference  of  Entomologists. 

Notices  have  been  sent  out  to  the  effect  that  the  Fifth  Annual 
Meeting  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Conference  of  Entomologists 
will  be  held  August  15  to  20,  1927,  in  Pingree  Park,  as  have 
the  previous  meetings.  The  entire  week  will  be  spent  in  the 
mountains,  making  the  occasion  a  combination  of  pleasure  and 
business.  The  program  will  be  arranged  so  that  all  can  have 
time  for  collecting  and  pleasure  trips.  All  members  of  the 
family  are  invited.  Transportation  to  the  Park,  which  is 
about  50  miles  from  Fort  Collins,  will  be  available  and  the 
expense  for  the  accommodations  for  the  week  will  be  at 
actual  cost.  Besides  the  regular  papers,  the  topics  of  which 
will  be  announced  later,  there  will  be  two  symposiums,  one  on 
"Problems  in  Apiculture",  and  the  other  on  "The  History  of 
and  Recent  Developments  in  Economic  Entomology."  Details 
in  regard  to  arrangements  will  be  sent  out  to  anyone  inter- 
ested. If  it  is  at  all  possible  for  any  of  the  entomologists 
reading  this  notice  to  be  in  attendance,  they  should  get  in 
touch  with  the  secretary  at  an  early  date. 

GEORGE  M.  LIST,  Secretary, 
Rocky  Mountain  Conference  of  Entomologists, 
Colorado  Agricultural  College,  Fort  Collins,  Colo. 

4Ent.  News,  xix,  pp.  428-43-1,   Nov.,   l'«)S. 

'•''Annals  Ent.   Soc.   Aim-r.   i.  np.  273-280,  Dec..   1'JilX. 
(i  See  Williamson,  Misc.  Publ.  No.  9,  Univ.  Mich.  Mus.  Zool.,  pp.  8-11, 
July  2,   1923. 
7  The  N.  Amer.   Dragonflies  of  the  genus  Acshna,  pp.   15-25,  1912. 


206  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Juty,    '27 

Acetropis  americana,  a  New  Species  of  Miridae  from 

Oregon  (Hemiptera).* 

By  HARRY  H.  KNIGHT,  Ames,  Iowa. 

The  species  here  described  represents  the  first  Acetropis  re- 
corded from  the  Nearctic  region.  Four  species  of  the  genus 
have  previously  been  known,  all  from  the  Palaearctic  region. 

Acetropis  americana  new  species. 

Allied  to  carinatus  H.S.,  but  easily  distinguished  by  the 
nonprojecting  frons  and  feebly  developed  median  carina  of 
the  pronotal  disk.  Very  finely  and  minutely  pubescent,  similar 
to  carinatus  in  this  respect. 

o*.  Length  8  mm.,  width  2.1  mm.  Head:  width  1.02  mm., 
vertex  .50  mm,;  apex  of  frons  at  base  of  tylus  only  moderately 
prominent,  not  projecting"  as  in  carinatus',  vertex  rather  sharply 
depressed;  brownish  to  black,  base  of  vertex  pale  each  side 
of  median  line,  a  pair  of  smaller  spots  each  side  of  frons  near 
front  margin  of  eyes.  Rostrum,  length  3.1  mm.,  reaching  to 
middle  of  third  ventral  segment,  brownish  to  black.  Antennae : 
segment  I,  length  .81  mm.,  brownish  black,  set  with  short, 
stiff,  black  hairs;  II,  2.76  mm.,  cylindrical,  or  very  slightly 
thicker  apically,  black;  III,  1.57  mm.,  black,  only  very  slightly 
more  slender  than  II ;  IV,  .74  mm.,  black. 

Pronotum:  length  1.06  mm.,  width  at  base  1.81  mm.;  me- 
dian carina  of  disk  apparent  but  not  prominent;  expanded 
lateral  margins  reflexed  to  a  vertical  position  on  basal  half  but 
changing  to  near  a  lateral  position  at  anterior  angles.  Scutel- 
lum  much  as  in  carinatus. 

Hemelytra  pale  to  brownish,  longer  than  in  carinatus ;  cuneus 
also  much  longer,  its  base  starting  at  a  point  just  above  apex 
of  genital  segment.  Membrane  uniformly  fusco-brownish, 
veins  yellowish  brown,  a  calloused  line  bordering  vein  near 
apex  of  larger  areole,  its  length  equal  to  half  the  length  of 
cuneus.  Legs  fusco-brownish,  tarsi  and  apices  of  tibiae  black- 
ish. 

?.  Length  7.4  mm.,  width  3  mm.  Head:  width  1.06  mm., 
vertex  .61  mm. ;  color  rather  uniformly  yellowish.  Rostrum, 
length  3.25  mm.,  reaching  upon  third  ventral  segment,  yellow- 
ish, brownish  on  apical  half.  Antennae :  segment  I,  length 
.95  mm.,  yellowish,  set  with  short  bristles;  II,  3.55  mm.,  yellow- 
s-Contribution from  the  Department  of  Zoology  and  Entomology, 
Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 


xxxviii,  '27 J  ENTOMOLOGICAL  \i-:\vs  207 

ish,  ventral  surface  and  the  apical  one-fifth  black;  III,  1.7  mm., 
black;  IV,  .77  mm.,  black. 

1'ronotum:  length  1  mm.,  width  at  base  l.X  mm.;  basal  mar- 
gin nearly  transverse,  lateral  margins  more  sharply  rellexed 
at  anterior  angles  than  in  the  male ;  median  carina  scarcely 
apparent  ;  a  black  spot  in  the  depression  near  anterior  angles, 
a  slight  but  apparent  brownish  ray  behind  each  callus.  Scutel- 
lum  pale  yellowish,  slightly  more  convex  than  in  the  male. 

Hemelytra  of  a  rather  uniform  dull  white  color,  opaque; 
embolar  margins  strongly  reilexed  like  the  lateral  margins  of 
the  pronotum  ;  cuneus  only  slightly  derlexed  ;  corium  with  an 
obsolete  brownish  stripe  apparent  on  outer  apical  half.  Mem- 
brane abbreviated,  scarcely  extending  beyond  apex  of  cuneus, 
pale  or  with  a  tinge  of  brownish,  basal  half  of  larger  areole  in- 
vaded with  the  same  opaque  white  pigment  as  that  of  the 
corium.  Legs  and  ventral  surface  rather  uniformly  yellowish, 
tarsi  blackish. 

Holotype:  <$,  July,  Corvallis,  Oregon  (A.  C.  Ikirrill)  ;  au- 
thor's collection,  Allot  \pc:  ?,  June  26,  1926,  Corvallis,  Oregon 
(C.  J.  Drake).  Paralyses:  d,  taken  with  the  type.  2?,  taken 
with  the  allotype. 

Dr.  Drake  states  that  the  female  specimens  were  swept  from 
dry  grass,  probably  a  wild  oat  grass.  Apparently  the  season 
for  this  species  was  nearly  over,  since  he  took  only  three  fe- 
males during  several  minutes  of  sweeping  the  dry  grasses. 

As  may  be  noted  in  the  description,  the  female  has  a  very 
different  aspect  from  the  male,  but  the  same  is  true  of  the 
Paiaearctic  species,  where  two  of  the  four  species  have  each 
received  names  for  both  sexes.  The  female  of  auiencana 
agrees  with  the  male  in  having  the  median  pronotal  carina 
nearly  obsolete,  the  scarcely  projecting  frons,  and  in  having 
similar  pubescence. 

Acctropis  anicricana  represents  the  migration  into  the  Nearc- 
tic  region  of  a  genus  which  is  primarily  Paiaearctic  in  distri- 
bution. It  is  another  example  of  those  forms  which  must  have 
reached  this  continent  by  way  of  the  Alaskan  land  connection, 
but  at  such  a  remote  period  that  there  has  since  been  time  to 
develop  a  species  distinct  from  the  original  common  ancestor. 


208  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '2" 

Dm  Drury,  Silversmith  and  Entomologist  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century. 

By  HARRY  B.  WEISS,  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey. 
The  same  year  that  Jonathan  Wild,  notorious  "fence,"  puhlic 
thief-taker,  director  and  as-sociate  of  thieves  and  a  thief  him- 
self, was  ushered  out  of  this  world  by  the  executioner,  Dru 
Drury  was  ushered  in.  Or,  as  the  Dictionary  of  National  Biog- 
raphy has  it,  Dru  Drury  was  horn  February  4,  1725,  in  Wood 
Street,  London.  He  was  about  three  and  a  half  months  old 
when  Wild  made  his  ungraceful  exit  at  Tyburn.  Dru  was  one 
of  eig-ht  children  which  his  father  had  by  one  of  his  four  wives, 
Mary  Hesketh,  and  the  only  one  who  lived,  the  other  seven 
dying  young.  His  father  was  a  silversmith,  and  Dru,  in  addition 
to  being  educated  with  some  care,  helped  him  in  the  business. 

During  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne,  at  which  time  Dru's  father 
was  active,  much  attention  was  given  to  the  work  of  silversmiths 
and  considerable  success  was  achieved  in  design  and  execution. 
In  fact,  the  Eighteenth  Century  opened  with  a  dazzling  display 
of  silversmiths'  art.  This  period  soon  passed,  however,  and 
was  succeeded  by  one,  lasting  until  the  close  of  the  century,  in 
which  much  skill  was  expended  upon  ornamental  gewgaws  and 
upon  the  elaboration  of  snuff  boxes,  watches,  clasps,  etc.  Detail 
and  rococo  style  were  rampant  in  gold  and  silver  work,  espe- 
cially in  France.  Dru  must  have  been  familiar  with  the  pro- 
ductions of  this  period  and  may  have  had  some  share  in 
creating  them.  Brought  up  in  an  atmosphere  of  gold  and 
silver  art  work  and  being  of  an  enquiring  mind,  he  probably 
was  familiar  with  the  work  of  the  various  famous  artists  in  the 
precious  metals. 

In  1748,  when  he  was  twenty-three  years  old,  two  important 
things  happened  to  him.  He  married  Esther  Pedley  on  June 
7  and  his  father  retired,  relinquishing  the  business  to  him.  By 
his  marriage  to  Miss  Pedley,  a  daughter  of  his  father's  first  wife 
by  her  former  husband,  he  came  into  the  possession  of  several 
houses  in  London  and  Essex,  together  with  the  annual  income 
of  between  £250  and  £300  which  they  brought.  About  this 
time  he  became  interested  in  entomology  and  the  formation  of 


XXXviii,    '27]  KNTOMOLOGICAL     XKWS 


209 


a  collection.  It  was  his  custom  for  many  years  to  insert  adver- 
tisements in  foreign  papers,  appealing  for  specimens  to  be  either 
purchased  or  exchanged  for  others.  In  1767  he  met  Fabricius, 
who  was  then  in  London,  through  Doctor  Solander  of  the  I'.nt- 
ish  Museum.  Later,  from  1772  to  1775,  when  Fabricius  spent 
the  winters  in  Copenhagen  and  the  summers  in  London,  Drury 
frequently  met  him  and  talked  shop.  Kirhy  rind  Linnaeus 
also  thought  highly  of  Drury,  and  named  insects  after  him. 

In  1770  Drury  published  the  first  of  his  three  volumes  of 
"Illustrations  of  Natural  History."  the  title  page  bearing  tile- 
following  statement:  "Illustrations  of  Natural  History  wherein 
are  exhibited  Upwards  of  Two  Hundred  and  Forty  Figures  of 
Exotic  Insects,  According  to  their  different  Genera  ;  Very  few 
of  which  have  hitherto  been  figured  by  any  Author,  Being 
engraved  and  coloured  from  Nature  with  the  greatest  Accuracy 
and  under  the  Author's  own  Inspection,  On  Fifty  Copper- 
Plates.  With  a  particular  Description  of  each  Insect;  Inter- 
spersed with  Remarks  and  Reflections  on  the  Nature  and  Prop- 
erties of  many  of  them.  By  D.  Drury.  To  which  is  added  A 
Translation  into  French.  London:  Printed  for  the  Author,  and 
sold  by  B.  White,  at  Horace's  Head  in  Fleet-street  1770." 

According  to  the  somewhat  long-winded  preface  Drury  was 
very  religious  and  considered  natural  history  and  theology  as 
inseparable.  The  text,  which  includes  descriptions,  localities, 
habits  of  some  species,  etc.,  is  accompanied  by  fifty  colored 
plates  by  Moses  Harris,  mostly  illustrative  of  the  Lepidoptera, 
although  some  plates  are  devoted  to  the  Coleoptera,  Orthoptera, 
Hymenoptera  and  Neuroptera.  Volume  II  appeared  in  1773 
and  volume  III  in  1782.  More  than  two-thirds  of  all  the  illus- 
trations are  of  Lepidoptera,  and  the  majority  of  the  plates  were 
drawn  and  engraved  by  Harris.  Some  of  the  plates  in  the  last 
volume  were  done  by  another  artist. 

Dairy's  work  was  well  received  by  contemporary  scientist-. 
The  Rev.  William  Kirby  spoke  of  it  as  an  "Opus  eJitomologicus 
splendidissimus."  Adrian  I  lardy  I  laworth,  student  of  birds, 
plants  and  insects,  author  of  many  papers  on  natural  history, 
who  later  founded,  in  1X02,  the  Aurelian  Societv  which  never 


210  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [J11^-    '-? 

reached  a  membership  of  twenty,  and  who,  upon  its  termination 
in  1806,  was  the  leader  in  establishing  the  Entomological  Society 
of  London,  afterwards  absorbed  by  the  Zoological  Club  of  the 
Linncean  Society,  called  Dairy's  books  "a  most  beautiful  and 
valuable  work  on  entomology."  Sir  James  Edward  Smith, 
physician  and  naturalist,  author  of  several  botanical  publications 
and  co-author  with  Abbot  of  the  "Natural  History  of  the  rarer 
Lepidopterous  Insects  of  Georgia,"  creator  and  first  president 
of  the  Linnsean  Society,  said,  "the  exquisite  work  of  Drury  dis- 
plays the  complete  insect  in  a  degree  of  perfection  that  leaves 
nothing  to  be  desired."  In  addition,  it  received  praise  from 
Linnaeus  and  Fabricius.  In  1785,  it  was  in  part  translated  into 
German  and  annotated  by  G.  W.  F.  Panzer. 

In  1837,  Henry  G.  Bohn,  of  London,  published  a  new  edition, 
edited  with  notes  by  Westwood  and  "brought  down  to  the  pres- 
ent state  of  Science,  with  -the  systematic  characters  of  each 
species,  synonyms,  indexes  and  other  additional  matter,"  under 
the  title  "Illustrations  of  Exotic  Entomology  containing  up- 
wards of  six  hundred  and  fifty  Figures  and  Descriptions  of 
Foreign  Insects."  In  the  preface  Westwood  acknowledges  the 
value  of  Dairy's  figures. 

Drury  purchased  in  1771  the  shop  and  stock  of  a  silversmith 
at  32  Strand,  where  for  some  years  he  made  nearly  £2000  per 
year.  Six  years  later,  however,  he  failed,  it  is  stated,  through 
no  fault  of  his  own;  but  with  the  assistance  of  his  creditors,, 
whose  confidence  he  possessed,  he  was  able  to  start  in  business 
again  the  next  year.  Perhaps  this  failure  was  responsible  for 
the  long  period  that  elapsed  between  the  publication  of  volumes 
II  and  III  of  his  "Illustrations  of  Natural  History." 

In  1787,  after  he  had  been  married  thirty-nine  years,  his 
wife  died.  He  had  seventeen  children  by  her,  but  only  three 
survived  him,  the  rest  dying  young.  The  death  rate  among  chil- 
dren in  London  during  Dairy's  early  married  life  was  high, 
although  it  gradually  declined  later.  One  London  writer  said  in 
1757  that  the  diseases  of  infants  recorded  as  "convulsions  and 
chrysoms"  were  at  their  height  between  1728  and  1757.  "In 
and  about  London,  a  prodigious  number  of  children  are  cruelly 


xxxviii,  '27]  KXTOMOLOGICAL   NK\VS  211 

murdered  by  those  infernals  called  nurses.  These1  infernal  mon- 
sters throw  a  spoonful  of  gin,  spirits  of  wine  or  1  I  unwary  water 
down  a  child's  throat,  which  instantly  strangles  the  babe.  AYhen 
the  searchers  come  to  inspect  the  body,  and  inquire  what  dis- 
temper caused  the  death,  it  is  answered  'convulsions.'  Tin's  oc- 
casions the  articles  of  convulsions  in  the  I 'ills  so  much  to  ex- 
ceed all  others."  Although  the  causes  of  the  deaths  of  Drury's 
children  are  not  known,  it  is  probable  that  they,  like  other 
children,  suffered  from  the  care,  knowledge  and  sanitation 
customary  and  in  existence  at  that  time. 

After  Drury  had  been  adding  to  his  collection  for  25  years 
and  during  that  time  spending  upon  it  a  total  of  no  less  than 
£4000,  it  contained  in  1788,  according  to  Westwond.  ''.578  speci- 
mens representing  8.370  different  species.  Of  this  latter  num- 
ber. 2,13ft  belonged  to  the  Coleoptera,  778  to  the  Hemiptera, 
2,148  to  the  Lepidoptera.  171  to  the  Xeuroptera.  533  to  the 
I  Ivmenoptera,  402  to  the  Diptera,  96  to  the  Aptera  and  over 
2,000  to  an  English  collection.  Drury's  collection  was  the  rich- 
est and  most  complete  of  its  time  and  quite  famous.  Donovan, 
naturalist,  author,  fellow  of  the  Linn;ean  Society,  and  wealthy 
until  he  was  nearly  ruined  by  his  booksellers,  spoke  of  Drury's 
"noble  and  very  magnificent  collections."  Smeathman  was  one 
of  his  best  collectors,  and  in  the  preface  of  volume  III  of 
Drury's  work  frequent  mention  is  made  of  Air.  Smeathman's 
observations. 

Drury  retired  in  1789,  at  the  age  of  64,  and  turned  his  busi- 
ness over  to  his  son.  From  then  on  he  spent  his  time  between 
London  and  Broxbourne.  At  llroxbourne  he  amused  himself 
by  collecting  insects,  fishing,  gardening,  making  wines  from 
various  fruits  and  by  experiments  in  distillation.  He  added  to 
his  collection,  until  at  the  time  of  his  death,  it  contained  some 
1 1,000  species.  About  1800  he  published  a  small  paper  of  about 
three  pages  entitled  "Directions  for  Collecting  Insects  in  For- 
eign Countries"  which  he  sent  all  over  the  world  and  which  was 
translated  into  several  languages.  Hagen  says  that  I  >rury 
offered  one  sixpence  for  every  insect  the  size  of  a  honeybee  or 


212  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |J»ly«    '27 

larger.  Drury  corresponded  with  Pallas,*  the  German  natural- 
ist, traveler,  and  explorer  in  Russia  for  the  empress  Catharine, 
and  with  the  younger  Linnaeus,  Charles,  said  to  have  been 
abominated  by  his  mother  and  subjected  from  childhood  to 
amazing  unmaternal  attention. 

Drury 's  speculations  concerned  with  the  possibility  of  ob- 
taining- gold  led  him  to  induce  many  travelers  to  join  his  pro- 
posals, which  usually  turned  out  unsatisfactorily  to  all  parties. 
In  1801  he  published  "Thoughts  on  the  Precious  Metals,  par- 
ticularly Gold,  with  directions  to  Travelers,  &c,  for-  obtaining 
them,  and  selecting  other  natural  riches  from  the  rough  diamond 
down  to  the  pebble-stone.  According  to  this  he  was  an  F.  L.  S., 
and  "goldsmith  to  her  majesty."  The  directions  are  varied  and 
extend  from  "clothing  and  diet  to  crystallography." 

He  finally  moved  to  Turnham  Green  and  his  health  became 
very  poor.  He  died  of  stone,  December  15,  1803,  and  wras 
buried  in  the  church  of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields,  London.  His 
collection  was  sold  at  auction  on  May  23,  1805.  many  insects 
being  bought  by  Donovan,  although  various  lots  were  purchased 
by  Mac  Leay,  Kirby,  General  Davies,  G.  Humphrey  and  others. 
The  total  amount  obtained  for  the  insects  was  a  little  over  £614, 
and  his  cabinets,  books  and  copper  plates  brought  about  £300 
more.  Mac  Leay  paid  £8  for  13  species  of  Bnprcstis,  Donovan 
£4  and  one  shilling  for  "Sphinx  convolvuli,  and  eight  others," 
and  various  amounts  are  recorded  for  other  purchases. 

It  is  written  that  Drury  was  a  man  of  high  honor,  of  upright 
character  and  quite  religious.  These,  however,  are  not  uncom- 
mon virtues,  and  his  chief  claim  to  fame  lies  in  his  authorship 
of  the  three  volumes  of  ''Illustrations  of  Natural  History," 
especially  the  colored  plates  which  were  done  by  Moses  Harris. 
Drury  apparently  was  one  of  the  well-to-do  enthusiastic  ama- 
teurs, who  occasionally  flourish  in  entomological  circles,  riding 
their  hobbies  furiously,  spending  their  money  lavishly,  or  what 
appears  to  be  so  to  those  not  so  well  off  financially,  acquiring 
a  profound  knowledge  of  their  subjects  and  occasionally  mak- 

*Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  in  his  interesting-  article,  "Dru  Drury, 
An  Eighteenth  Century  Entomologist,"  (Scientific  Monthly,  vol. 
XIV,  Jan.,  1922)  includes  extracts  from  some  thirty  letters  which 
Drury  wrote  to  Pallas,  Moses  Harris,  Linnaeus,  etc.  • 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

ing  more  contributions  to  science  than  some  of  their  professional 
and  supposedly  more  erudite  brothers,  but  withal,  because  they 
are  not  within  the  official  circle,  often  not  gaining  <|iiite  the 
recognition  they  deserve.  Drury  collected  earnestly  and 
actively,  and  his  cabinet,  containing  as  il  did  many  unique 
specimens,  excited  the  interest  and  admiration  of  contemporary 
entomologists  and  led  to  contacts  and  correspondence  with  them. 
Drury  lived  in  an  age  of  numerous  social  distinctions.  Vari- 
ous trades  had  their  own  customs,  their  own  localities,  and  lines 
were  drawn  more  or  less  successfully  between  the  different 
classes  of  workers  and  trades.  As  the  owner  of  a  successful 
silversmith's  shop,  Drury  supplied  some  of  the  wants  of  a  large 
luxury-liking  population  and  undoubtedly  enjoyed  some  local 
distinction,  perhaps  more  than  local  if  he  were  "goldsmith  vo 
her  majesty."  As  a  London  business  man  he  was  familiar  with 
the  outward  aspects  of  the  city,  so  interestingly  described  early 
in  the  century  in  Gay's  "Trivia"  :  dandies  in  gilded  chairs,  Pall 
Mall  with  its  perfumed  shops  and  decorated  windows,  the  fruit 
market  of  Covent  Garden,  Billingsgate  fish-wives  hawking  their 
wares,  untidy  butchers  with  greasy  trays,  vendors  of  mackerel, 
plums,  pears  and  other  seasonable  foods,  shoplifters,  cutpurses, 
card  sharpers,  pickpockets  being  chased  through  the  crowd, 
chimney  sweeps  leaving  sooty  stains  in  their  wake,  brewers  un- 
loading their  wares  into  cellars,  gayly  dressed  ladies  on  the  Mall, 
poor  wretches  in  the  pillories,  drunken  chairmen,  Thames  street 
stinking  with  the  smell  of  stale  fish,  tallow  making  and  piles 
of  cheese,  Drury  Lane  infested  by  "fair  recluses"  and  other 
sights  and  sounds  incidental  to  London  life.  As  a  prosperous 
silversmith  and  living  so  close  to  them,  such  sights  and  sounds 
probably  fascinated  him  not  at  all,  and  some  may  have  offended 
his  religious  sensibilities.  Nevertheless,  he  contributed  his  share 
to  and  was  part  of  the  encompassing  atmosphere  of  the  time. 
Although  his  entomological  descriptions  may  have  lacked  scien- 
tific precision,  his  work  had  a  part  in  advancing  the  science  and 
in  adding  to  the  then  existing  knowledge  of  insect  distribution. 
Kntomology  owes  much  to  its  amateurs. 


214  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

REFERENCES. 

ALLIBONE,  S.  A.     Dictionary  of  Authors,   (Phila.,  1870  i. 

COCKERELL,  T.  D.  A.  Dm  Drury.  An  Eighteenth  Century  En- 
tomologist, (Sci.  Mon.  vol.  xiv,  Jan.,  1922.  pp.  '>7-82). 

DAWSON,  NELSON,  Goldsmiths'  and  Silversmiths'  Work,  (New 
York,  1907). 

DICTIONARY  OF  NATIONAL  BIOGRAPHY,  (New  York  1891) 

GAY,  JOHN,  Trivia,  or  The  Art  of  Walking-  the  Streets  of  Lon- 
don, (Williams  edition.  London,  1922). 

GEORGE,  M.  DOROTHY.  London  Life  in  the  NYIII  Century. 
(New  York,  1926). 

HAGEN,  H.  A.     Bibliotheca  Entomologica,  (Leipzig,  1S62). 

HOPE,  F.  W.  Autobiography  of  John  Christian  Fahricius, 
(Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  London  vol.  iv,  pp.  i-xvi,  1845-1847). 

LOWNDES,  W.  T.  Bibliographer's  Manual,  (Bohn  edition,  Lon- 
don, 1871). 

WHEATLEY,  H.  B.  Pottery  and  the  Precious  Metals,  (Lon- 
don, 1886). 

.    ^    .  

Collecting  Experiences  (Lepid.  :  Noctuidae). 

By  ALEX  K.  WYATT,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

In  the  course  of  an  active  collecting  experience  of  over  thirty 
years,  it  is  inevitable  that  one  will  experience  an  occasional 
thrill,  whether  it  be  caused  by  an  unusual  discovery  or  an  unto- 
ward incident,  that  creates  a  bit  of  excitement  at  the  time. 

One  such  thrill  occurred  to  my  friend  and  fellow  collector. 
Mr.  Emil  Beer,  in  July,  1926,  on  a  trip  to  Hessville,  Indiana, 
after  larvae  of  Papaipcina  inquacsita.  Hessville  was  formerly 
one  of  our  favorite  collecting  places,  but  much  of  the  territory 
now  has  been  subdivided  and  sold.  It  was  originally  a  series 
of  sandy,  partly  wooded  ridges,  separated  by  sloughs.  Parts 
of  these  sloughs,  patches  of  timber  and  a  few  waste  spots  still 
remain. 

On  a  bright  July  day,  that  country  is  hot,  very  hot,  and  in  a 
wet  summer  such  as  we  had  in  1926,  mosquitoes  are  myriad  in 
number.  Digging  for  larvae  of  inquaesita  in  the  roots  of  the 
sensitive  fern  is  hard  work  at  any  time  and  particularly  so  under 
such  conditions.  Friend  Beer  persevered  however  and  found  a 
dozen  or  more.  Hot,  sweaty  and  tired  and  with  a  long  three- 
hour  ride  on  the  street  cars  in  prospect,  he  trudged  oft  toward 
the  highway. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  215 

It  was  nothing  unusual  and  only  a  good  Papaipema  collector's 
habit  to  give  just  a  little  more  than  an  ordinary  glance  at  some 
royal  ferns  along  the  path.  All  feeling  of  lassitude  disappeared 
in  an  instant,  for  the  evidence  of  Papaipema  was  nnmistake- 
able.  As  luck  would  have  it,  the  first  larva  was  crushed  in 
making  a  closer  examination.  Two  other  roots  showed  signs 
of  larvae  and  were  dug  up  and  bagged.  It  was  too  late  to  make 
a  more  extended  search  but  the  thought  of  having  again  found 
l\  speciosissima  made  him  feel  fullv  repaid  for  the  strenuous 
labor  of  the  day.  Later  it  developed  that  he  was  doubly  repaid 
because  four  specimens  developed  from  the  two  root  clumps, 
instead  of  the  two  he  expected.  Incidentally  it  might  be  stated 
that  the  roots  of  the  royal  fern,  Os  in  it  nil  a  recalls,  are  exceed- 
ingly hard  and  tough  and  without  a  hatchet  or  similar  instru- 
ment, it  is  a  difficult  job  to  dig  one  up. 

The  food  plant  of  P.  speciosissima  was  first  discovered 
by  Mr.  Otto  Buchholz  of  Elizabeth,  Xew  Jersey  as  mentioned 
by  Mr.  Henry  Bird  in  describing  the  life  history  (Can.  Ent. 
XLYII  p.  145).  I  found  a  single  larva  at  Hessville  in  1914 
and  succeeded  in  rearing  it  to  maturity.  Diligent  search  for 
several  years  thereafter  failed  to  turn  it  up  again,  probably 
due  to  extensive  fires  which  occurred  about  that  time. 

A  male  and  a  female  of  the  four  specimens  bred  in  1926  by 
Air.  Beer  were  of  the  usual  form  with  the  ordinary  spots  white. 
The  other  pair  was  without  white  markings.  This  unmarked 
form,  or  rather  dark  spotted  form,  seems  to  be  rare.  Buchholz, 
who  reared  spa'iosissiuia  in  considerable  numbers,  found  only 
two  without  white  spots  and  it  seems  odd  that  of  only  four  speci- 
mens found  together  here,  two  should  be  of  this  form.  The 
one  I  bred  in  1914  was  a  white  spotted  male. 


A  New  Form  of  Papaipema  speciosissima 
(Lepid. :  Noctuidae). 

I'.y  AI.KX  K.  \YvviT  and  EMM.  I'.EKR. 

The  dark  spotted  form  of  Papaipema  speciosissima  men- 
tioned in  the  preceding  article'  has  never  been  named  and  with 
the  approval  of  .Mr.  I  lenry  Ilird,  our  mentor  in  the  study  of 


216  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

the  Papaipemae  and  their  life  histories,  we  propose  for  it  the 
name  "regalis."     It  is  a  truly  royal  species,  its  large  size  and 
bright  color  setting  it  out  prominently  among  its  congeners. 
Papaipema  speciosissima,  G.  &  R.,  form  regalis,  new  form. 

Size,  color  and  maculation  similar  to  the  typical  form,  ex- 
cept that  the  usual  white  marked  reniform,  orbicular  and 
claviform  are  replaced  by  dark  spots  varying  in  depth  of  color 
from  a  purplish  shade  concolorous  with  the  darker  portions  of 
the  subterminal  area,  to  a  deep  sooty  black.  Expanse,  47  to 
55  mm. 

Type  male  in  collection  A.  K.  Wyatt,  from  Hessville,  Indiana, 
bred  September  5,  1926. 

Paratypcs  in  collections  Emil  Beer,  Dr.  Win.  Barnes  and 
Otto  Buchholz. 

Described  from  male  type  and  four  paratypes,  1  female  IX- 
21,  Hessville,  Indiana;  1  female  YIII-14,  N.  Arlington,  Xew 
Jersey;  1  male  IX-30  and  1  female  IX-14,  Hudson  County, 
New  Jersey. 

Mr.  Henry  Bird  writes  that  he  has  seen  a  very  black  spotted 
specimen,  taken  at  light,  at  Buffalo,  New  York. 


Congeneric  and  Intergeneric  Pederasty  in  the 
Scarabaeidae  (Coleop.). 

By  W.  P.  HAYES,  University  of  Illinois.* 
Berlese  in  his  recently  issued  second  volume  of  GU.  Insdii 
summarizes  (p.  503)  briefly  the  present  knowledge  of  sexual 
perversion  among  insects  in  which  homosexual  coupling  occurs 
among  individuals  of  the  same  sex  and  belonging  to  the  same 
species  and  among  males  of  different  species,  as  well  as  hetero- 
sexual 'instances  of  mating  between  males  and  females  of 
different  species,  genera  and  even  families.  He  points  out  that 
these  physiological  abnormalities  do  not  occur  frequent lv. 
Certain  pairings  are  obviously  infertile  but  in  others,  such  as 
interspecific  or  intergeneric  crossings,  fertilization  results  in 
the  production  of  hybrids,  advantage  of  which  is  taken  to 
further  the  work  of  insect  geneticists. 

*  Contribution    No.    108   from   the    Entomological   Laboratories   of    the 
University  of   Illinois. 


xxxviii,  '27}  ENTOMOLOGICAL  XF,\VS  217 

I'.crlese  cites  the  following  cases  of  the  crossing  of  males 
rind  females  belonging  to  different  species  in  which  the  produc- 
tion of  hybrids  is  not  possible:  Among  congeneric  species— 
Melusonia  popidi  and  .!/.  ucnca:  Cryptocephalus  labiatits  and 
C.  iritidus;  Meloloiillut  inelolontlia  and  M.  liippocastuiii. 
Among  species  belonging  to  different  genera  he  notes  —  Stroph- 
osomus  cnryli  and  Sciap/iilus  uspenitiis;  I'liosplianns  hcniip- 
tcms  and  Lainpyris  noctilitca  ;  /:picoinelis  and  .lnisoplia  I'illosa. 
These  pairs  of  species  belong  in  the  same  family,  but  inter- 
family  crossing  may  occur  as  has  been  noted  by  the  mating  of 
Donacia  siuiple.r  (  Chrysomelid;e  )  and  .llfcla!>its  coryli  (Curcu- 
lionidse)  and  that  of  Rlnitjonycha  (Tclcphorus)  fulra  (Can- 
tharidae)  and  Clytaiitlnts  nirins  (Cerambycidae). 

Homosexual  perversion,  in  which  members  of  the  same  sex 
are  attracted  to  each  other,  is  said  by  Berlese  to  be  not  rare, 
and  occurs  in  such  insects  as  Uoinhy.r  inori,  in  which  the  cause 
for  such  a  condition  is  attributed  by  him  to  some  special  con- 
dition, such  as  a  lack  of  females  or  a  debility  of  the  male.  A 
case  of  homosexual  perversion  is  recorded  by  DeKerville1  who 
notes  and  figures  the  apparent  mating  of  two  males  of  Mcl;>- 
loiillid  vulgaris,,  F.  and  cites  three-  similar  cases  of  the  same 
species  recorded  by  Laboulbene  (1859),  Maze  (1884)  and 
Xoel  (1895).  DeKerville  describes(  one  male  as  assuming  the 
"role  aclif"  and  the  other  assuming  the  "role  passif." 

The  writer  has  frequently  observed  two  interesting  types  of 
pederasty  (abnormal  sexuality  )  in  the  species  Ochrosidui 
(Cyclocepkcda)  iiniunciilata  (Oliv.)  during  the  course  of  life 
history  studies  in  Kansas.  (Juite  often  males  of  this  species 
were  observed  to  attempt  mating  with  males  of  the  same  species 
and  in  several  instance's  the  genital  organs  of  the  active  males 
were  inserted  within  the  anal  opening  of  the  passive  male. 
The  active  specimen  clung  tightly  to  the'  edges  of  the  elytra  of 
the  passive  male  and  was  carried  about  in  the  rearing  cages  in 
which  they  were  con  lined. 

More  interesting  ads  ot  this  nature  were  observed  several 
times  during  June  and  July,  1()20,  in  which  males  of  Oclirosidiu 
iiiunaeulala  <  )hv.  were  seen  to  be  vainly  attempting  to  mate 


H.  G.      I  Vr  version  suxuclle  clu-x  di-s   Coleoptercs  males. 
Bull.  Soc.   Knt.,   France   for   1896,  p.  S5. 


218  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '27 

with  males  of  P&lyphylla  hammondi  Lee.  a  species  nearly  three 
times  as  large  as  the  Ochrosidia  which  always  took  the  active- 
role.  The  tarsi  of  the  latter  species  were  firmly  clasped  under 
the  elytra  of  the  Polyphylla  and  frantic  efforts  were  made  to 
effect  a  coupling.  The  Ochrosidiac  were  persistent  in  their  at- 
tempts, often  remaining  on  the  Polyphylla  for  15  or  more 
minutes.  These  abnormal  conditions  were  always  noted  to 
occur  in  large  collecting  tins  in  which  large  numbers  of  various 
species  of  Scarabaeidae  had  been  collected  the  previous  evening. 
In  each  case  females  were  always  present  but  were  ignored 
by  the  males. 

A  similar  case  occurring  between  two  species  of  different 
genera  has  previously  been  recorded  by  the  writer2  in  which 
a  male  Cotalpa  lanigcra  Linn,  was  noted  attempting  -to  mate 
with  a  male  Pclidnota  punctata  Linn. 

DeKerville  (loc.  cit)  points  out  the  two  possible  conditions 
under  which  such  perversion  occurs  and  designates  them  as 
pcdcrastic  par  gout  and  pederast ic  par  ncccssitc.  The  instances 
here  recorded  were  apparently  those  of  choice  and  not  of  neces- 
sity since  females  were  generally  present.  Pcdcrastic  par  gout 
may  be  defined  as  coupling  between  males  in  the  presence  of 
unfertilized  females  while  pcdcrastic  par  ncccssitc  results  from 
the  absence  of  females. 

It  is  apparent  that  the  above  terms  have  some  justification  in 
their  use,  but  a  more  needed  set  of  terms  is  desired  to  distin- 
guish the  types  of  homosexuality  within  the  species  from  those 
occurring  between  different  genera  and  accordingly  the  descrip- 
tive term  congeneric  pederast v  is  proposed  for  homosexuality 
of  individuals  belonging  to  the  same  species,  such  as  has  just 
been  cited  for  Ochrosidia  males,  and  intcrgcncric  pederast  \ 
where  it  occurs  between  species  of  different  genera  as  cited  in 
the  case  of  Oclirosidia  and  Polypliylla.  So  far  as  the  writer  is 
aware  no  cases  are  recorded  of  homosexual  perversion  between 
species  of  different  families,  but  if  males  and  females  of  such 
diverse  groups  can  cross  as  quoted  above  from  I'.erlese.  it  is 
not  unreasonable  to  suppose  that  individuals  of  the  same  sex 
might  attempt  interfamily  pederasty.. 

-  Hayes,  W.  P.  A  comparative  study  of  the  life  history  of  certain 
phytophagous  scarabaeid  beetles.  Kans.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Tech.  Bull. 
16,  p.  99,  1925. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


PHILADELPH-IA,   PA.,  JULY,   1927. 


Figures  and  Descriptions. 

THE  EDITOR,  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NKWS:  The  policy  almost  uni- 
versally followed  by  editors  of  Entomological  Journals  in 
America  of  charging  the  author  for  plates  and  figures  puts  a 
premium  on  the  publication  of  unidentifiable  descriptions.  It 
would  be  better  if  the  editors  would  make  a  charge  of  at  least 
$5.00  a  species  for  all  descriptions  unaccompanied  by  adequate 
figures  and  use  this  money  to  pay  for  the  plates  of  those 
authors  who  have  enough  energy  and  interest  in  the  subject  to 
prepare  suitable  figures.  The  present  system  places  a  premium 
on  superficial  work  and  imposes  a  penalty  on  thorough  work.— 
C.  R.  CROSBY,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


«  and  Ne\vs. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  GLEANINGS  FROM  ALL  QUARTERS  OF  THE  GLOBE 

Personals. 

The  following  announcements  concerning  entomologists  have 
appeared  in  Science  of  May  13  to  June  10,  1927: 

Prof.  \Y.  M.  AYheeler  has  been  awarded  the  Dollfus  prize 
of  the  Entomological  Society  of  France. 

Prof.  G.  H.  F.  Nuttall,  of  Cambridge  University,  who 
delivered  the  annual  public  lecture  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  America  in  Philadelphia,  in  December,  1926,  has  been  made 
professor  honoris  causa  in  the  University  of  Strasbourg. 

Miss  Edith  W.  Mank,  of  Lawrence,  Massachusetts,  has  been 
awarded  by  the  P.oston  Society  of  Natural  History  a  second 
XYalker  prize  in  Natural  Hi^torv,  of  fifty  dollars,  for  a  manu- 
script entitled  "The  Pife  History  of  JJaris  scolopacca  Germ. 
(Coleop.) 

Edwin  H.  J'ryan.  Jr.,  formerly  entomologist  on  the  staff  of 
P.ishop  Museum.  Honolulu,  has  succeeded  Dr.  Stanley  C.  Hall 
as  curator  of  collections. 

Dr.  Melville  II.  Hatch  has  been  appointed  assistant  profes- 
sor of  zoology  at  the  I'niversity  of  Washington. 

I)]-.  R.  J.  Tillyard  has  been  circled  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Entomological  Society  of  Helgium. 

219 


220  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u-     -" 


Dr.  Wardle,  lecturer  in  economic  entomology  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Manchester,  will  offer  advanced  courses  in  the  division 
of  entomology,  University  of  Minnesota,  next  year. 

Dr.  Karl  Jordan,  permanent  secretary  of  the  International 
Congresses  of  Entomology  has  heen  visiting  entomological 
centres  in  the  eastern  United  States. 


Collecting  Expeditions. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich  will  collect  Diptera  in  half  a  dozen  States 
west  of  the  Great  Plains  this  summer. 

Mr.  J.  O.  Martin  and  Mr.  E.  P.  Van  Duzee.  of  the  Califor- 
nia Academy  of  Sciences,  will  collect  insects,  especially  Coleop- 
tera  and  Hemiptera,  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  and  in  the 
Sierra  Nevadas,  respectively.  Prof.  George  Haley,  of  St. 
Ignatius  College,  San  Francisco,  and  Mr.  G.  C.  Harrold,  of 
Winnipeg,  will  collect  insects  and  other  animals  on  Nunivak 
Island,  Bering  Sea,  under  the  auspices  of  the  same  Academy. 
(Science,  June  3.  10,  1927.) 

An  entomological  survey  especially  of  the  islands  of  the 
Pacific  is  being  planned  by  the  Bishop  Museum,  Honolulu,  and 
the  Hawaiian  Sugar  Planters  Association,  with  the  probable 
cooperation  of  other  groups.  Dr.  C.  F.  Baker  is  to  be  the 
scientific  head  of  the  survey,  with  headquarters  in  Honolulu. 
(A.  L.  Dean  in  Science,  June  10,  1927.) 


The   1000th   Meeting  of  the  Jugatae. 

The  One  Thousandth  Meeting  of  the  entomological  society 
of  Cornell  University  was  held  on  Saturday,  May  28th.  This 
society,  under  the  name  Jugatae,  was  founded  on  February  26. 
1897,  and  its  members  are  chiefly  graduate  students  in  ento- 
mology and  members  of  the  department  of  entomology. 

Recent  Additions  to  the  British  Museum. 

E.  Brunetti  recently  presented  to  the  department  of  ento- 
mology of  the  British  Museum  of  Natural  History  a  collection 
of  some  60,000  specimens  of  Diptera,  especially  rich  in  In- 
dian and  North  American  material.  The  collection  is  the  re- 
sult, in  part,  of  the  entomological  collecting  done  by  Mr.  Bru- 
netti during  the  last  forty  years.  The  same  department  has 
also  received,  under  the  terms  of  the  will  of  the  late  Lieutcnant- 
Colonel  F.  R.  Winn  Sampson,  a  collection  of  insects  of  the 
group  Scolytidae  (bark-beetles).  The  collection  consists  of 
some  11,000  insects  and  1400  microscopic  preparations,  and  the 
bequest  includes  a  selection  of  books,  pamphlets  and  t\vo  mi- 
croscopes. (Science,  March  4,  1927.) 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  221 

Entomological    Literature 


'l  uoi  .  r,v  !•:.  T.  (  :RESS<  >N,  j  i: 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  :it  the 
Acndi  nr,  (if  Natural  Sciences,  ot"  Philadelphia,  pertaining  t<>  the  Kn- 
tomology  <>r  tlu-  Americas  (North  anil  South),  including  Arachnids  and 
.Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelex  a  n  I  I..  American  >  lit  <  HIM  >lc  >iiy  will  not  1><  noted; 
biit  contrilnitions  in  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryologj  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic-  species  will  lie  recorded. 

Tlu-  numbers  in  Heavy-Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  tlie  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  an  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  lie  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (X).  Those  ptitainhm  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  lie  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
ofliee  of  Kxperiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  ot  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  l-.nto- 
molo'.  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  1'.. 

Papers  published    in   the    Entomological   News  are   not   listed. 

1—  Trans..  American  Ent.  Soc.,  Philadelphia.  4—  .Canadian 
Ent,  Guelph.  5—  Psyche,  Cambridge,  Mass.  6—  Jour., 
Xew  York  Ent.  Soc.,  New  York.  8—  Ent.  Monthly  Mag., 
London.  10  —  Proc.,  Knt.  Sue.,  Washington.  11—  Deutsche 
Ent.  Zeitschrift.  I'.erlin.  12  —  Jour,  of  Economic  Ent.  14- 
Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt  a.  Alain.  16  —  The  Lepidopterist. 
17  —  Entomologische  Rundschau,  Stuttgart.  18  —  Intern.  Ent. 
Zeitschrift,  Guben.  19  —  Bull.,  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.  21—  The 
Entomologist's  Record,  London.  23  —  Boll.,  Laboratorio  Zoo]. 
Gen.  e  Agr..  Portici.  24  —  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France.  25  —  Bull. 
Soc.  Ent.  "France.  26  —  Ent.  Anzeiger,  Wien.  39  —  The  Florida 
Entomologist.  43—  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  British  Columbia.  44- 
Zeit.  f.  WissenschfK  Insektenbioh.  Berlin.  49—  Ent.  Mitteilun- 
gen,  Berlin.  51—  Notulae  Ent.,  Helsingfors.  58—  Ent.  Berich- 
ten,  s'Gravenhage.  59  —  Encyclopedic  Entomologie,  Paris.  61 
-Proc..  California  Acad.  Sci.  63—  Deutsche  Ent.  Zeilschr.. 
"Iris."  Dresden.  79  —  Koleo])terolog.  Rundschau,  Wien.  80- 
Lepid.  Rundschau,  Wien.  81—  Folia  Myrmec.  et  Termit., 
Berlin.  103  —  Proc.  Zool.  S<jc.  London.  lll--Archiv  f. 
Xalurgeschichtc.  I'.erlin.  131—  l-'nt.  I'.latter,  I'.erlin.  137- 
Arcliiv  f.  Zoologi.  Stockholm.  138  —  American  Mus.  Xovi- 
tates.  139—  Hull.  Southern  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  Los.  Angeles. 

GENERAL.  —  Bodenheimer,  F.  S.  —  L'eher  rcgelm;i.ssig- 
keiten  in  dem  \vachstum  von  insekten.  I.  Das  langenwach- 
stum.  (11,  1927,  i>.  33-57,  ill.)  Brues,  C.  T.—  Animal  life 
in  hot  springs.  I  (Juar.  Rev.  I'.iol.,  ii,  p.  181-203,  ill.)  Brues, 
C.  T.  —  Observations  on  wood-boring  insects,  their  parasites 
and  other  associated  insects.  (5,  xxxiv.  p.  73-90.)  Cappe 
de  Baillon,  P.  —  Recherches  sur  la  teratologic-  des  insectes. 
(59,  (A),  viii.  287  pp.  ill.)  Comstock,  J.  A.—  Protective 


222  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u,    '27 


coloration  and  mimicry.  (139,  xxvi,  p.  1-4,  ill.)  Forbes, 
S.  A.  —  The  general  entomological  ecology  of  the  Indian 
corn  plant.  (111.  Dept.  of  Regis,  and  Educ.  Bull.,  xvi,  p. 
447-457.)  Gebien,  H.  —  Sollen  spezialsammlungen  von  in- 
sekten  in  museen  gesondert  aufgestellt  werden?  (11,  1927, 
p.  26-31.)  Horn,  W.  —  Et.  meminisse  et  vacicinari  licc-;it. 
Ueber  infernale  entomologen  II.  (49,  xvi,  p.  93-98.) 
Keiffer,  H.  H.  —  [Remarks  on  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences  expedition  to  the  Revillagigedo  Islands,  Mexico.] 
(  I  'roc.  Pac.  Coast  Ent.  Soc.,  ii.  p.  67-69.)  Knisch,  Alfred.— 
Ein  nachruf  von  F.  Heikertinger.  (79,  xiii,  p.  86-88.) 
Knoch,  V.  —  Alte  mid  neue  bekampfungsmethoden  gegcn 
insektenschadlinge.  (18,  xxi,  p.  33-35.)  Legewie,  H.— 
1  lauptprobleme  cles  iiisektenstaates.  I.  Geschlechtsbestim- 
mung,  yerwandtschaftsverhaltnisse  und  staatenbildung. 
(11,  1927,  p.  1-25.)  Lochhead,  W.—  Obituary.  (4,  lix.  p. 
121-122.)  McAtee,  W.  L.—  Notes  on  insect  'inhabitants  of 
bird  houses.  (10,  xxix,  p.  87-90.)  Martin,  Rene.  —  Notice 
necrologique  par  L.  Berland.  (24,  xcvi,  p.  27-30.)  Mey- 
rick,  E.  —  Phytophagic  or  biological  races  in  insects.  (  Xa- 
ture,  cxix,  p.  782.)  Mueller,  A.  Julius.  —  Obituary  notice  by 
F.  Heikertinger.  (79,  xiii,  p.  89.)  Poche,  F.—  Was  ver- 
stehen  die  internationalen  nomenklatur-regeln  unter  binarer 
nomenklatur?  (14,  xxxxi,  p.  81-84,  cont.)  Puengeler, 
Rudolf.  —  Obituary.  (63,  xli,  p.  1-4,  port.)  Richmond,  E.  A. 
—A  new  phototropic  apparatus.  (12,  xx,  p.  376-382,  ill.) 
Rohwer,  S.  A.  —  The  need  for  definitely  indicating  new 
synonymy  and  new  combinations  in  taxonomy.  (Science, 
Ixv,  p.  526.)  Schroeder,  C.  —  -Handbuch  der  entomologie. 
(Lief.  25-26,  p.  481-610,  ill.)  Schumann,  E.—  /urn  indus- 
triemelanismus.  (18,  xx,  p.  443-444.)  Wade,  J.  S.  —  Some 
insects  of  Thoreau's  writings.  (6,  xxxv,  p.  1-20,  ill.) 
Walther,  H.—  Ueber  melanismus.  (63,  xli,  p.  32-49.) 
Weiss,  H.  B.  —  Sir  John  Hill's  "Decade  of  Curious  Insects." 
(6,  xxxv,  p.  83-88,  ill.)  Weiss,  H.  B.  —  Insects  captured  in 
the  lookout  stations  of  New  Jersey.  (New  Jersey  Dept.  of 
Agric.  Circ.  106,  3-21  pp.  ill.)"  Weiss,  H.  B.—  Thomas  Mof- 
fett,  Elizabethan  physician  and  entomologist.  (  Sci. 
Monthly,  June,  1927,  p.  559-566,  ill.)  Wolff,  M.—  Ueber  die 
mikroskopische  untersuchung  genadelter  objekte  und  cin 
neues  universalmikroskop  fur  entomologische  zwecke.  (131, 
xxiii,  p.  36-40,  ill.) 

ANATOMY,      PHYSIOLOGY,      ETC.—  Eggers,      F.- 

Nahere    mitteilungen    iiber    das    johnstonsche    sinnesorgan 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

und  iibcr  das  ausweichvermb'gen  der  taumclkiiler.  (Zool. 
Anz.,  Ixxi,  p.  13()-15(>,  ill.)  Golowinskaja,  X. —  Das  auftre- 
ten  von  mosaikformen  bei  Lyniantria  dispar  nnter  deni  ein- 
rluss  ultravioletter  strahlen.  '  (  IJiol.  /entralM..  xlvii,  p.  19 
201,  ill.)  Hasebroek.— Tatsachen  und  kritik  in  fragen  des 
industrie-und  grosstadtmelanismus.  (18,  xxi,  p.  2r>-3(),  ill.) 
Hepp,  A.— Eulenfalter  mit  lochern  in  den  tlugeln. 
]).  93.)  Jones  &  Hepburn. — Observations  on  the  pitcher 
plant  li(|uor  of  the  Sarraceniaceae.  (Trans.  Wagner  Free 
Inst.  Sci..  Phila.,  xi,  p.  35-48.)  Ju-Chi  Li.— The  effect  of 
chromosome  aberrations  on  development  in  Bros,  melano- 
gaster.  ( t  ienetics,  xii.  p.  1-58.  i  Spooner,  C.  S.--A  study 
of  the  catalase  content  of  codling  moth  larvae.  (State  II!. 
Dept.  of  Regis,  and  Educ.  Hull.,  xvi.  p.  443-446,  ill.)  Wen, 
D. — Precocita  di  sviluppo  e  tendenza  alia  partenogenesi  nei 
bachi  da  seta  (Bombyx  mori)  di  razza  gialla  indigena.  (I'.ol. 
Soc.  Nat.,  Xapoli.  xxxvii.  p.  135-163,  ill.) 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Berland,  L.— Le 

venin  dcs  araig-nees.  (Rev.  Sci.,  Ixv.  p.  267-271,  ill.) 
Folkmanova,  B. — Einfiihrung  neuer  unterscheidungsmerkmale 
in  die  systematik  der  Lithobiiden.  (Zool.  Anz..  Ixxi,  p.  IX!- 
192,  ill.)  Locket,  G.  H. — Observations  on  the  mating  habits 
of  some  web-spinning  spiders.  (103,  1926.  p.  1125-1146.  ill.) 
Stiles  &  Hassall. — Key:catalogne  of  the  Crustacea  and 
arachnoids  of  importance  in  public  health.  ( U.  S.  Hvg. 
Lab.  Hull..  14X,  p.  197-289.)  Thor,  S.— Yorlaulige  revision. 
der  gattung  I  lygrobates  mit  phylogenetischen  bemerkungen. 
(Norsk  Ent.  Tids.  ii.  p.  118-148,  ill.) 

(  X  )  :;:Oudemans,  A.  C. — Acarologische  Aanteekeningen 
LXXIV.  (58,  vii.  p.  176-180.)  Strand,  E.— Catalogue 'des 
Arachnides  (|ue  i'ai  decrits  iuscfa  1'annee  1926.  (Ill,  1925. 
A.  hft.  X.  p.  1-61".) 

(S)  :;:Oudemans,  A.  C. — Xotizen  iiber  acari,  (Oribatidae). 
(Ill,  1925,  A.  hft.  8,  p.  120-147,  ill.) 

THE    SMALLER    ORDERS    OF    INSECTA.— Byers, 
C.  F. —  Notes  on  some  American  dragonily  nymphs  (  Odon- 
ata.  Anisoptera).     (6,  xxxv,  p.  65-74,  ill.)     Pearman,  J.  V.- 
Xotes    on    Pteroxanium    s(|uamosum    and    011    eggs    of    the 
Atropidae   (Psocoptera).     (8,  Ixiii.  ]).  107-111.  ill.)     Ryvez. 

-L'eritomologie  des  mouches  a  triutes.      Les   insectes   neit- 
ropteres.     (  La  Nature,  1927,  p.  460-461.  ill.)     Snyder,  T.  E. 

-Termites  modify  building  codes.     (12,  xx.  p.  316-321,  ill.) 


224  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u*    '27 


(N)  *Banks,  N.  —  Revision  of  the  Nearctic  Myrmeleo- 
nidae.  (Bull.  of  the  Mus.  of  Comp.  Zool.  Ixviii,  3-84  pp., 
ill.)  *Handschin,  E.  —  Collembolen  aus  Costa  Rica.  (49, 
xvi,  p.  110-118,  ill.)  :;:McDunnough,  J.  —  Xotes  on  the 
species  of  the  genus  Hexagenia  with  description  of  a  new 
species  (Ephemeroptera).  (4,  lix,  p.  116-120.) 

(S)   :::Esben-Petersen,  P.  —  New  and  little-known  species 

of  Mecoptera  and  Xeuroptera  in  the  Zoological  Museum  of 

Helsingiors.     (51,  vii,  p.  13-18,  ill.)     :;:Longinus  Navas,  R.  P. 

-Insecta  nova.      (Mem.  Acad.   Sci.   X.    Lincei.    (2}.  ix.   p. 

101-110,  ill.) 

ORTHOPTERA.—  Crampton,  G.  C.—  The  thoracic  scler- 
ites  and  wing  bases  of  the  roach  Periplaneta  americana  and 
the  basal  structures  of  the  wing-s  of  insects.  (5,  xxxiv,  p. 
59-72,  ill.  )  Burr,  M.  —  Xote  on  the  antiquity  of  some  orthop- 
terous  groups.  (21,  xxxix,  p.  75-77.)  Fry,  H.  J.  —  Grass- 
hopper culture  in  the  laboratory.  (6,  xxxv,  p.  41-50.  ill.) 
Morse,  A.  P.  —  Another  vagrant  grasshopper.  (5,  xxxiv,  p. 
134.) 

(S)  *Hebard,  M.  —  Studies  in  the  Tettigoniidae  of  Pan- 
ama. (1,  liii,  p.  79-156,  ill.) 

HEMIPTERA.—  Abbott,  C.  E.—  The  reaction  of  Datana 
larvae  to  sounds.  (5,  xxxiv,  p.  129-133.)  Hungerford, 
H.  B.  —  The  life  history  of  the  creeping-  water  bug,  Pelo- 
coris  carolinensis  (  Xaucoridae  ).  (19,  xxii,  p.  77-82,  ill.) 
Ivanov,  S.  P.  —  Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  des  geschlechtsappar- 
ats  der  Homoptera  Cicadoidea.  [Russian]  (Revue  Russe 
D'Entomologie,  xx,  p.  210-227,  ill.)  Kerkis,  J.  —  Zur  kennt- 
nis des  inneren  geschlechtsapparates  der  wasserbewoh- 
nender  Hemiptera-Heteroptera.  [Russian]  (Revue  Russe 
D'Entom.,  xx,  p.  296-307,  ill.)  Knight,  H.  H.—  On  tin- 
Miridae  in  Blatchley's  "Heteroptera  of  Eastern  North 
America."  (19,  xxii.  p.  98-105.)  McGregor  &  Newcomer. 
-The  true  identity  of  the  citrus  mite.  (12,  xx,  p.  429.) 
Reinhard,  H.  J.  —  The  influence  of  parentage,  nutrition,  tem- 
perature, and  crowding  on  wing  production  in  Aphis  gos- 
sypii.  (Texas  Agric.  Exper.  Sta.  Bull.  no.  353,  p.  5-19.) 
Schneider-Orelli  und  Leuzinger.  —  Untersuchungen  viber  die 
virginoparen  und  sexuparen  gefliigelten  der  blutlaus  des 
apfelbaumes.  (Vierteljahrs.  XTaturf.  Ges.  Ziirich,  Ixxi. 
Beibl.  Xo.  9,  84  pp.,  ill.)  Waterston,  J.  —  On  the  crop  con- 
tents of  certain  Mallophaga.  (103,  1926,  p.  1017-1020,  ill.) 

(X)    Ball,   E.   D.  —  The   genus  Clastoptera    (Cercopidae). 
(4,  lix,  p.  103-112.)     Dowries,  W.  A.  —  A  preliminary  list  of 


XXXviii.    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS 

the  Heteroptera  and  Hom.optera  of  British  Columbia.  (43, 
1927,  5-22  pp.)  Hungerford,  H.  B.— Trichocorixa  and  not 
I'orixa  for  the  genus  of  C'orixidae  found  in  America.  (19, 
xxii.  p.  96.)  Poisson,  R.— Sur  la  systematique  des  Corixi- 
dae  remarc|ue  sur  Xeocorixa  i  non  Arctocorisa)  vermiculata. 
(25,  1927,  p.  74-75.) 

(S)  :::Dozie,  H.  L.—  A  new  Fulgorid  trom  Porto  Rico.     (6, 
xxxv.  p.  53-54,  ill. )     -Drake,  C.  J.— Two  undescribed  Tingi- 
tids  from   Mexico.     (19,  xxii,  p.  116-117.)     -Schmidt,  E.- 
Xeue  zikaden-gattungen  und  arten.      (Ill,  1925,  A,  hft. 
p.  147-159.) 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bird  H. — The  fern-feeding  species  of 
I'apaipema.  (4,  lix,  p.  92-96.)  Hepp,  A.— Biologische 
beobachtungen  ( Grossschmettelinge).  (80,  i,  p.  79-80.) 
Kosminsky,  P. — Die  entwicklung  der  antennen  hei  intersexuel- 
len  weibchen  von  Lymantria  dispar.  (Biol.  Zentralbl.,  xlvii, 
]>.  243-249,  ill.)  Lenz,  F. — Ueber  die  zucht  der  gabelschwanz- 
arten.  (18,  xxi,  p.  17-22.)  Zikan,  J.  F.— Biologic  der  Heli- 
conisa-arten  (Saturnid.).  (11,  1927,  p.  58-82,  ill.) 

(  X  )  Ainslie,  G.  G. — Additions  and  corrections  to  the  list 
of  the  Crambinae  of  Florida.  (39,  xi.  p.  12-14.)  :::Barnes^& 
Benjamin. — A  new  race  of  Arctia  caja.  (139,  xxvi,  p.  5.) 
-Cassino,  S.  E. — Some  new  Geometridae.  (16,  iv.  p.  :  \. ) 
-Cassino,  S.  E.-  Xew  Geometrids.  (16,  iv,  p.  73-80.) 
-Chermok,  F.—  XY\v  forms  of  Lepidoptera.  (19,  xxii,  p. 
118-119.)  -Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— A  new  aberration  of  Basil- 
archia  weidemeyrii.  (139,  xxvi.  p.  5.)  Criddle,  N.— Lepi- 
doptera reared  in  Manitoba  from  poison  ivy.  (4,  lix,  p.  99- 
101.)  -Forbes,  W.  T.  M. — The  genus  Melinaea  with  a 
description  of  a  new  species  (  I  thomiinae  ).  (6,  xxxv.  p.  23- 
36,  ill.)  -Hill,  C.  A. — Three  new  moths  from  the  south- 
west. (139,  xxvi.  p.  6-7.)  -Morrill,  A.  W. — Description  of 
a  new  cotton  infesting  species  of  P.ucculatrix.  (10,  xxix,  p. 
94-97.  ill. ) 

(S)  -Biedermann,  R. —  Descriptions  de  Rhopaloceres 
Americains  nouveaux.  (59,  (15 ).  Lep..  p.  59-68,  ill. )  -Her- 
ing  &  Hopp.—  Xene  Limacodiden  aus  Siidamerika.  (63. 
xli,  p.  4-9.  ill.)  Hoffmann,  F. — Entomologisches  alleriei 
aus  Hrasilien.  (14,  xxxxi.  p.  50-53.  emit.)  -LeMoult,  E. 

-Description  de  formes  pen  connues  on  nouvelles  des 
genres  Papilio,  Agrias,  Morpho  et  Teracolus.  (59,  (  P>  ) .  Lep.. 
p.  69-72.)  -Niepelt,  W.—  Xeue  exotische  l\liopaloci-ren. 

(18,  xxi,  p.  49-53.)  Schade,  F. — Entomologische  ski/.xen 
aus  Paraguay.  l\.  Sphingiden.  (17,  xliv,  p.  20.)  -Schaus, 
W. — Xew  species  of  Icpidoptera  from  South  America.  I  10, 
xxix,  p.  73-82.) 


226  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July>    '2? 

DIPTERA.— Cole,  F.  R.— A  study  of  the  terminal  ab- 
dominal structures  of  male  diptera.  (61,  xvi,  p.  397-499, 
ill.)  Perfiljev,  P. — Zur  anatomic  der  Phlebotomusarten. 
[Russian]  (Revue  Russe  D'Entom.,  xx,  p.  308-319,  ill.) 

(N)  "Alexander,  C.  P. — Records  and  descriptions  of 
crane-flies  from  the  eastern  United  States.  (Tipulidae.) 
(6,  xxxv,  p.  55-63.)  *  Alexander,  C.  P. — Undescribed  species 
of  the  genus  Limnophila  from  western  North  America. 
(Tipulidae.)  (19,  xxii,  p.  110-115.)  *Curran,  C,  H.- 
Descriptions  of  nearctic  diptera.  (4,  lix,  p.  79-92,  ill.)  "'Cur- 
ran,  C.  H. — Four  new  species  of  Volucella.  (Syrphidae.) 
(19,  xxii,  p.  84-88.)  :;:Curran,  C.  H. — Synopsis  of  males  of 
the  genus  Platycheirus,  with  descriptions  of  new  Syrphidae. 
(138,  No.  247,  13  pp.)  *Hearle,  E. — A  new  Canadian  mos- 
quito (Culicidae.)  \4,  lix,  p.  101-103.)  -Johnson,  C.  W.- 
New  species  of  Scatophagidae.  (5,  xxxiv,  p.  100-103.) 
•'••"Malloch,  J.  R. — Descriptions  of  a  new  genus  and  three 
new  species  of  diptera.  (10,  xxix,  p.  90-93.)  :':Walley, 
G.  S. — Two  new  species  of  Empididae  from  Ontario. 
(Empididae.)  (4,  lix,  p.  96-98,  ill.)  Walley,  G.  S.— Review 
of  the  Canadian  species  of  the  dipterous  family  Blephari- 
ceridae.  (4,  lix,  p.  112-116,  ill.) 

(S)  *Curran,  C.  H. — New  Neotropical  and  Oriental  dip- 
tera in  the  Am.  Mus.  of  Nat.  Hist.  (138,  No.  245,  9  pp.) 
:::Curran,  C.  H.  \Tew  West  Indian  Tachinidae.  (138,  No. 
260,  15  pp.)  "Van  Duzee,  M.  C. — New  Dolichopodidae 
from  the  West  Indies.  (138,  No.  262,  10  pp.) 

COLEOPTERA.— Banks,  N.— The  Bowditch  collection 
of  Chrysomelidae.  (5,  xxxiv,  p.  134.)  Bodenheimer,  F.  S. 
— Ueber  die  okologischen  grenzen  der  verbreitung  von  Cal- 
andra  oryzae  und  Calandra  granaria.  (Curcul.)  (45,  xxii, 
p.  65-73,  ill.)  Darlington,  P.  J. — Aegialia  arenaria  in  New 
England,  with  local  records  for  other  species.  (5,  xxxiv, 
p.  98-99.)  Doane,  R.  W.— The  genus  Ips  on  the  Stanford 
campus.  (12,  xx,  p.  284-286.)  Dobrzanski,  T. — Les 
organes  genitaux  des  Coccinellidae  comme  caractere  taxon- 
omique.  ^  [Russian].  (Bui.  Acad.  Sci.,  URSS,  1926,  p.  13S5- 
1394.)  Heikertinger,  F. — Ueber  myrmekoidie  als  "anpas- 
sung"  bei  Histeriden.  (Zool.  Anz.,  Ixxi,  p.  23-43,  ill.,  Cont.) 
Hubenthal,  W. — Entomologische  irrtiimer.  (131,  xxiii,  p. 
40-42. )  Steele,  B.  F. — Notes  on  the  feeding  habits  of  car- 
rion beetles.  (6,  xxxv,  p.  77-81,  ill.)  Van  Dyke,  E.  C.- 
[Collecting  in  the  wet  belt  of  western  Oregon.]  (I 'roc. 
Pac.  Coast  Ent.  Soc.,  ii,  p.  70-72.)  Van  Dyke,  E.  C.- 
Secondary  sexual  characters  of  the  coleoptera.  (Proc.  Pac. 


XXXviii,    '27  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Coast  Ent.  Soc.,  ii,  p.  75-84.)  Viggiani,  G.— Alcunc  notizie 
sulla  morfologia  e  sulla  biologia  della  Tmpinota  hirta,  con 
speciale  riguardo  ai  danni  da  essa  recati  alle  coltiva/ioni 
erbacee  ed  arboree.  (Bol.  Soc.  Nat,  Xapoli,  xxxvii.  p. 
53,  ill.)  Watson,  E.  B.-  Notes  on  the  hibernation  of  the 
spruce  bark-beetle,  Ips  perturbatus  in  northern  Ontario. 
(4,  lix,  p.  120-122.)  West,  E.— Records  of  fungous  beetles 
in  Florida.  (6,  xxxv.  p.  63.)  Zimmermann,  A.-  -Aus  der 
praxis  des  kafersammlers.  Wo  nnd  wie  sammelt  man 
Dytisciden?  (79,  xiii,  p.  81-8(>.  ) 

(X)  Hatch,  M.  H. — A  revision  of  fossil  Gyrinidae.  (19, 
xxii,  p.  89-96,  ill.)  Obenberger,  J.— Huprestis  splendens 
und  ihre  nord-amerikanischen  \er\vandten.  (26^vii,  p. 
100,  cont. )  Strand,  E. — Animanx  divers  (a  1'exclusion  des 
Arachnides,  Lepidopteres  et  1  I ymenopteres)  noinin  - 
jusq'en  1926  dans  les  travaux.  (Ill,  1926,  A,  lift.  8,  p.  62- 

66.) 

(S)    :::Aurivillius,   C. — Cerambyciden   gesammelt   von    A. 

Roman  in  llrasilien.  (137,  xviii,  B,  No.  14,  6  pp.)  :;:Borch- 
mann,  F. — Wissenschaftliche  ergebnisse  der  bearbeitung 
der  coleopteren-sammlung  von  Franklin  Miiller.  Meloidae 
und  Lagriidae.  (49,  xvi,  p.  124-128,  ill.)  -Darlington,  P.  J. 
-Four  new  Helmidae  from  Cuba,  with  notes  on  other  West 
Indian  species.  (5,  xxxiv.  p.  91-97.)  "Fall,  H.  C.--Expedi-  . 
tion  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  to  the  Gulf  of 
California  in  1921.  The  Chrysomelidae.  (61,  xvi,  p.  381- 
393.)  :;:Pic,  M. — ^Alelanges  exotico-entomologiques,  Fasc. 
48,  32  pp.  *Uhmann,  E. — Hispinen  des  Deutsch.  Ent.  In- 
stitutes. Ueitrag  zur  Kenntnis  der  Hispinen.  (49,  xvi.  ]>. 
134-137.)  :;:Weise,  J. — Uber  bekannte  und  neue  Chrysome- 
liden  nnd  Coccinelliden  aus  dem  reichsmuseum  zu  Stock- 
holm. (  137,  xviii.  A,  No.  34.  34  pp.) 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bugnion,  E. — Les  pieces  buccales, 
le  sac  infrabuccal  et  le  ])harynx  des  fourmis.  (81,  i,  p.  27- 
42,  ill.)  Fox,  C.  L. —  [Collecting  hymenoptera  in  eastern 
Washington.  |  <  Proc.  Pacific  C'oast  Fnt.  Soc.,  ii.  ]>.  69-70.) 
Grandi,  G. — Contributi  alia  conoscenza  della  biologia  e 
della  morfologia  degli  Imenotteri  melliferi  e  predatori.  (23, 
xix,  p.  269-325,  ill.)  Hicks,  C.  H. —  1'sendomasaris  ves])oi- 
des.  a  pollen  provisioning  wasp.  (4,  lix,  p.  75-79.)  Plath, 
O.  E. — Notes  on  the  nesting  habits  of  some  of  the  less  com- 
mon Xe\v  Fnglrind  bumble-bees.  (5,  xxxiv.  p.  122-128, 
ill.)  Verlaine,  L. —  T/epeire  diademe  el  les  hymenopteres 
vulnerants.  (33,  Ixiv.  p.  61-69,  ill.  i 

(N)  :::Cushman,  R.  A.—  New  sps.  and  new  forms  of   [ch- 
neumonidae  parasitic  upon  the  gypsy-moth  parasit  "Apan- 


228  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u*    '27 


teles  melanoscelus."  (  )our.  Agr.  Res.,  xxxiv,  p.  453-458.) 
:;:Frison,  T.  H.  —  A  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
relationships  of  the  Bremidae  of  America  north  of  Mexico. 
(1,  liii,  p.  51-78,  ill.)  :;:Frison,  T.  H.  —  Records  and  descrip- 
tions of  western  bumblebees.  (Bremidae.)  61,  xvi,  p.  365- 
380,  ill.)  *Gahan,  A.  B.  —  A  new  species  of  Syntomaspis. 
(10,  xxix,  p.  99-100.)  -Mitchell,  T.  B.—  Xew"  megachilid 
bees.  (5,  xxxiv,  p.  104-121.)  *Schwarz,  H.  F.—  North 
American  bees  of  the  genus  Anthidium.  Additional  X.  A. 
bees  of  the  genus  Anthidium.  (  138,  Xos.  252,  253,  22  and  17 
PP-) 

A  Note  on  the  New  Species  in  Tillyard's  "Insects  of 
Australia  and  New  Zealand." 

In  my  recent  review  (Ent.  News,  38:  92-93,  1927)  of  Till- 
yard's "Insects  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand,"  I  took  occasion 
to  criticize  the  use  of  the  abbreviation  "N.sp."  found  frequently 
throughout  the  text  and  since  it  may  lead  to  confusion  in  the 
future,  opportunity  is  here  taken  to  record  Dr.  Tillyard's 
explanation  of  its  use  expressed  in  a  letter  to  the  writer.  Since 
the  majority  of  instances  in  which  "n.sp."  occurs  are  in  error 
and  in  view  of  the  fact  that  two  new  species  are  described  in 
the  text,  Dr.  Tillyard's  statement  seems  worthy  of  note.  The 
following  is  taken  from  his  letter  :  "May  I  remark  about  your 
criticism  re  the  use  of  'n.sp.'  in  my  book.  I  planned  the  book 
thirteen  years  ago  (the  Australian  portion)  and  began  to  write 
it  in  1923.  In  selecting  types  for  illustration,  I  found  there 
were  none  available  in  certain  large  groups,  c.c/.,  in  most  fam- 
ilies of  Thysanura,  so  I  took  available  undescribed  species,  and 
drew  and  described  them  in  my  Mss.,  calling  them  n.sp.  until 
published.  All  but  two  were  published  before  if)26.  [Italics 
by  Tillyard.  ]  The  publishers,  during  my  absence,  failed  to 
remove  the  words  'n.sp.'  and  replace  them  by  'Till.',  though  they 
were  duly  notified.  There  is  not  a  single  'n.sp.'  in  the  book 
which  has  not  been  described;  you  wil!  find,  for  instance, 
Nesoinachilis  maorieus  Till,  and  other  Thysanura  described  in 
Part  I  of  my  'Primitive  Wingless  Insects'  under  the  reference 
given  at  end  of  the  chapter  on  Thysanura.  I  worked  off  all  the 
'n.spp.'  before  the  book  was  published,  with  two  exceptions 
only,  viz.  Apachyus  austral  is  (Dermaptera)  and  Austromicron 
zygopterarum  (Hymenoptera)  :  both  of  these  are  actually 
described  in  appendices  in  the  book.  Had  I  not  been  travelling 
in  America  and  Europe  last  year,  this  little  error  about  'n.sp.1 
and  other  slips  in  publishing  would  not  have  been  allowed  to 
occur;  it  was  my  bad  luck  not  to  see  the  final  proofs."-  -\Yu. 
P.  HAYES,  University  of  Illinois. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  229 

Doings  of  Societies. 

The   American   Entomological   Society. 

Meeting  of  February  24,  1927,  in  the  hall  of  The  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  with  Mr.  R.  C.  Williams 
in  the  chair.  Thirteen  members  and  visitors  were  present. 

The  death  of  Dr.  Mario  Bezzi,  a  corresponding  member  of 
the  Society,  was  announced.  A  motion  that  the  Corresponding 
Secretary  send  a  letter  of  condolence  to  Mrs.  Bezzi  was  ap- 
proved. 

A  letter  from  the  Jubilee  Committee  for  the  celebration  of 
40  vears  of  scientific  work  of  Mr.  Andreas  Semenov  Tian- 

j 

Shansky  of  the  Zoological  Museum  of  the  Academy  of 
Sciences  of  the  U.  S.  S.  R.,  was  read,  inviting  the  Society  to 
participate. 

It  was  moved  and  seconded  that  the  President  appoint  a 
committee  of  three  to  consider  a  program  of  collecting  trips 
for  the  Spring  and  Summer  of  1927. 

Dr.  Harry  Allen  was  elected  a  resident  member  of  the 
Society. 

Mr.  Coxey  gave  the  communication  of  the  evening,  speaking 
on  his  recent  trip  to  Ecuador.  Many  excellent  lantern  slides 
and  photographs  illustrated  his  talk. 

ROBERT  J.  TITHERINGTON,  Recording  Secretary. 


The  Kansas  Entomological  Society. 

The  third  annual  meeting  of  the  Kansas  Entomological 
Society  was  held  at  Lawrence,  Kansas,  April  14,  1927.  The 
session  was  called  to  order  by  President  Roger  C.  Smith 
in  Dyche  Museum  with  twenty-two  members  present.  After 
the  introduction  of  the  new  members,  interesting-  reports 
were  given,  together  with  exhibitions  of  material,  on  new 
and  interesting  records  of  Kansas  insects.  The  report  of 
the  committee  on  a  "State  List  of  Kansas  Insects"  was  then 
made  and  the  meeting  adjourned  until  2:00  p.  m. 

In  the  afternoon  an  informal  report  was  made  by  Pro- 
fessor Js  W.  McColloch  on  the  1927  outlook  for  insect 
injury  in  Kansas.  Along  with  the  discussion  on  the  Hes- 


230  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Juty.    '27 

sian  fly  and  the  chinch  bug,  Professor  McColloch  stated 
that  termites  are  becoming  increasingly  numerous  in  the 
State.  The  Society  went  on  record  as  in  favor  of  a  building 
code  which  would  minimize  injury  from  this  pest. 

Mr.  Schenk  gave  a  very  interesting  report  on  calcium 
cyanide  dust  fumigation  of  stored  grain.  It  was  his  opinion 
there  is  a  great  future  for  this  type  of  fumigation. 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  report  of  the  entire  meet- 
ing was  that  made  by  Mr.  Warwick  Benedict  on  the  col- 
lecting in  California  and  the  rearing,  both  in  California  and 
in  Kansas,  of  Dinapatc  wrighli.  Mr.  Benedict  showed  adults, 
pupae,  mandibles  of  larvae,  and  a  section  of  a  palm  log 
fourteen  inches  in  diameter,  which  the  beetles  had  tunneled 
from  end  to  end.  The  log  was  collected  in  1924  and  beetles 
emerged  that  year  and  each  year  since. 

A  six  o'clock  dinner  was  given  for  the  society  by  the 
local  members  at  the  University  Club.  The  following  at- 
tended the  meetings :  Professor  Geo.  A,  Dean,  Dr.  Roger  C. 
Smith,  Professor  J.  W.  McColloch,  Dr.  R.  L.  Parker,  Pro- 
fessor Harry  R.  Bryson  and  Dr.  Reginald  H.  Painter,  of 
Manhattan ;  Dr.  Hazel  E.  Branch  and  Mr.  J.  R.  Norton,  of 
Wichita;  Mr.  Lyle  A.  Stephenson  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  W. 
Blachly,  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  Mr.  W.  Knaus,  McPherson ; 
Mr.  Warwick  Benedict,  Miss  Kathleen  Doering,  Dr.  H.  B. 
Hungerford,  Dr.  Paul  B.  Lawson,  Professor  R.  H.  Beamer, 
Dr.  P.  A.  Readio,  Mr.  Howard  Deay,  Mr.  Chas.  H.  Martin 
and  Mr.  E.  P.  Breakey,  of  Lawrence ;  Mr.  Schenk,  American 
Cyanamid  Sales  Co.,  New  York. 

The  meeting  of  the  Society  next  year  will  be  held  in 
Wichita,  Kansas,  at  about  the  time  of  the  meeting  of  the 
Kansas  Academy  of  Science. 

Officers  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  are  Mr.  Warren 
Knaus,  McPherson,  Kansas,  President,  and  Dr.  R.  L. 
Parker,  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan, 
Kansas,  Secretary. 

H.  B.  HUNGERFORD  and  R.  L.  PARKER,  Secretary. 


OCTOBER,  1927 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVIII  No.  8     * 


V* 

P  P  'T  7 


jAMl-.S    H.     15.    Rl  AND, 


CONTENTS 

Graenicher — On  the  Biology  of  the  Parasitic   Bees  of  the  Genus  Coe- 

lioxys  (Hymen.,  Megachilidae) 231 

Brimley — Two  new  Species  of  Diptera  from  North  Carolina   (Tachi- 

nidae,  Conopidae) 

Brimley— Notes  on  North  Carolina  Hymenoptera, 

Hall — A  new  Syrphid  (Diptera)  from  (Guatemala _ 

Stiles— Summary  of  Votes   in   Recent  American   Referendum  on  Dr. 
Poche's  Three  Propositions  to  Change  the  International  Rules  of 

Zoological  Nomenclature 241 

Personals — Needham,  Hallock,  Rehn,  Cockerell,  Townsend,  Wheeler.       241 

Entomological  Literature 242 

Review — Needham's  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Fresh  Water  Biology.  .  .    .        252 

Review — Trautmann's  Die  Goldwespen  Europas 2.ri 

Review — General  Catalogue  of  the  Hemiptera      2.S4 

Review — Biological  Survey  of  the  Mount  Desert  Region 255 

Review  —  Snodgrass's  Morphology  and  Mechanism  of  the  Insect  Thorax       25ii 
Review — Esdaile's  Economic  Biology  tor  Students  of  Social  Science  .        257 

Doings  of  Societies — The  American   Entomological  Society 

Obituary— Oliver  Erichson  Janson 

Obituary — George  Taylor  Porritt 2iil 

Obituary— Julius  Seelhorst  Meves 

Obituary — Leon  Diguet 

Obituary— Charles  Fuller  Baker 2iil 

Obituary— Alfred  Moller 

Obituary— Karl   Baldus 

Obituary— M.  L.  Godoelst 

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JNTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS_ 

VOL.  XXXVIII  OCTOBER,  1927  No.  8 

On  the  Biology  of  the  Parasitic  Bees  of  the  Genus 
Coelioxys  (Hymen.,  Megachilidae). 

By  S.  GRAENICHER,  South  Miami,  Florida. 

Although  this  genus  is  well  represented  in  both  hemispheres, 
it  is  surprising  how  little  is  known  concerning  the  life  history 
of  these  bees  that  pass  their  larval  stages  in  the  nests  of  host- 
bees  belonging  to  the  genera  Megachile,  Chalicodouia,  Antlw- 
phora  and  Tctniloniit. 

In  a  previous  paper  the  writer1  described  the  methods  of 
the  oviposition  of  the  adults,  and  the  habits  and  peculiar  struc- 
tures of  the  first  stage  larvae  of  two  species  of  Coelioxys  found 
in  the  nests  of  leaf-cutter  bees  (Megachile).  Later  on,  while 
still  a  resident  of  \Yisconsin,  he  had  an  opportunity  to  study 
the  activities  of  two  additional  species  of  Coelioxys,  and  there- 
by gained  some  more  information  on  the  subject. 

In  1897  Ferton-  published  the  results  of  some  observations 
made  in  France  on  two  species  of  Coclio.vys>  ovipositing  in  the 
nests  of  leaf-cutter  bees.  The  mode  of  oviposition  employed 
by  one  of  these  species  agrees  closely  with  what  the  writer 
has  seen  in  the  species  of  our  fauna  observed  so  far.  The 
second  species  studied  by  Ferton  shows  an  entirely  different 
mode  of  oviposition,  as  will  be  discussed  in  the  course  of  this 
paper. 

In  his  recent  work  on  the  "Bees  of  Europe"3  Friese  in- 
forms us  of  having  found  an  egg  of  Codio.rys  ntfcscens  Lep. 
in  the  nest  of  Anthop\hora  fulritarsis  Br.  suspended  from  the 
roof  of  the  cell,  and  this  constitutes  still  another  method  of 

1  S.  Gracnicher.  Some  observations  on  the  life  history  and  habits 
of  parasitic  bees.  Bull.  Wis.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.,  Vol.  3,  pp.  153-167.  1  pi., 
(1905). 

-  M.  Ch.  Ferton.  Nouvelle^  i  >l»ervations  sur  1'instinct  des  hymen- 
opteres  gastrilegides  dc  France  et  de  Corse.  Actes  Soc.  Linn.  Bordeaux, 
Vol.  52,  pp.  11-13,  plate  4,  (1897). 

:!  H.    Friese.      Die    eumpaischen    Bienen    (Apidae)    1923. 

231 


232  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

oviposition  met  with  in  Coclio.rys.     He  does  not  mention  the 
information  given  by  Ferton. 

Both  Ferton  and  Friese  have  seen  larvae  of  Coclio.rys  in 
advanced  stages  of  development,  but  they  did  not  come  across 
the  very  characteristic  first  stage  larvae. 

Referring  to  parasitic  bees  in  general,  whereby  he  mentions 
Stclis,  Coclio.vvs,  Mclccta  and  Nouiada  as  examples,  Friese 
says  that  at  first  two  eggs  are  present  in  a  cell  of  the  hostbee 
(egg  of  parasite  and  egg  of  host),  but  that  at  a  later  period 
only  the  larva  of  the  parasite  is  found.  He  goes  on  to  say  that 
it  is  usually  assumed,  that  the  egg  of  the  parasite  hatches  earlier 
than  that  of  the  host,  and  that  the  parasite  consumes  the  bee- 
bread  more  rapidly,  thereby  causing  the  death  of  the  host  larva 
by  starvation.  In  making  these  statements  he  does  not  con- 
sider the  fact,  that,  so  f,ar  as  Stclis  is  concerned,  it  had  been 
shown  by  Verhoeff4  over  thirty  years  ago,  that  the  larva  of 
the  European  species  Stclis  minuta  Nyl.  attacks  and  kills  the 
larva  of  Osiiitia  Icucomclacna  Ky.  in  much  the  same  manner 
as  in  this  country  the  Stclis  larva  kills  the  sllcidanica  larva,  as 
reported  by  the  writer. 

NEST  OF  LEAF-CUTTER  BEES  (MEGACHILE). 

The  methods  employed  by  these  bees  in  constructing  their 
thimble-shaped  cells  with  circular  or  oval  pieces  cut  from 
leaves,  are  well  known.  There  are  several  layers  of  round 
pieces  at  the  bottom  of  the  cell,  and  longer  pieces  forming  the 
wall.  After  the  cell  has  been  half-filled  with  the  food  supply 
for  the  larva  (bee-bread),  an  egg  is  placed  on  top  of  it,  and 
the  cell  closed  with  circular  pieces.  The  nests  of  some  of  the 
species  are  found  in  the  ground,  of  others  in  dead  branches  on 
the  ground,  and  in  still  others,  in  excavated  pithy  stems.  The 
cells  are  placed  end  to  end. 

MODE  OF  OVIPOSITION  OF  COELIOXYS. 

Ferton  informs  us  how  Coclioxys  quadridentata  L.  (he  calls 
it  C.  conica,  but  this  is  a  synonym)  pierces  the  inner  wall  of 
the  cell  of  Mcgaclulc  circiuncincta  K.  with  its  pointed  abdomen, 

*C.  Verhoeff.     Zool.  Anz.     Vol.  15,  p.  51,   (1892). 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  233 

and  pushes  its  egg  into  the  slit  thus  formed.  The  posterior 
portion  of  the  egg  lies  between  the  innermost  and  the  next 
layer  of  leaf-fragments,  while  the  anterior  pole  remains  inside 
of  the  cell  in  contact  with  the  bee-bread.  Ferton  pictures  a 
cell  of  the  hostbee  with  3  eggs  of  the  parasite,  as  it  appears 
after  all  but  the  innermost  layer  of  leaf -fragments  have  been 
removed.  (PI.  4,  fig.  5). 

The  ovipositing  habits  of  two  species  of  Coelio.vys  of  the 
Wisconsin  fauna,  viz.  C.  Incrosa  Cr.,  a  parasite  of  Mc</<ichilc 
I'idua  Sm.  (not  ^f.  addenda,  as  it  was  called  at  the  time)  and 
of  C.  rufitarsis  Sm.,  a  parasite  of  both  M.  latiinanus  Say.  and 
M .  mclanopliaca  Sm.,  are  identical  with  those  of  the  European 
species  considered  above.  The  same  may  be  stated  for  the 
two  following  species  of  Coclio.vys  studied  in  Wisconsin ;  C. 
rih-is  Ckll.,  a  parasite  of  M.  wootoni  Ckll.,  and  C.  modcsta  Sm., 
a  parasite  of  M.  in  fray-ills  Cr. 

That  this  is  not  the  only  method  of  oviposition  employed  by 
species  of  Coclio.rys  is  shown  by  Ferton's5  account  of  the  habits 
of  Coclio.rys  afra  Lep.,  a  parasite  of  McgacJrile  alblpila-  Perez. 
Its  egg  is  found  on  top  of  the  bee-bread,  leaning  up  against 
the  front  end  of  the  host's  egg.  The  manner  in  which 
Coclio.rys  nifcsccns  Lep.  suspends  its  egg  from  the  top  of  the 
cell  of  Anthophora  fuh'lt  arsis  Br.,  as  reported  by  Friese,  points 
to  a  third  mode  of  oviposition  within  the  genus  Coclio.rys. 

BEHAVIOR  OF  THE  ADULT  PARASITE  AT  THE  NEST. 

On  one  occasion  the  writer  came  across  a  female  of  the 
parasitic  bee  Argyroselenis  minima  Robt.  flying  along  a  clay 
bank  in  search  of  a  nest  of  its  hostbee,  Cotlctcs  cnlophi  Robt.r> 
After  having  discovered  such  a  nest,  it  spent  much  of  its  time 
studying  the  surroundings  of  the  nest,  at  first  inspecting  the 
immediate  neighborhood,  and  then  gradually  taking  in  the 
more  remote  parts  of  the  territory,  returning  to  the  nest  from 
time  to  time,  and  entering  it.  It  made  repeated  visits  to  tin1 

SM.  Ch.  Ferton.  Actes  Soc.  Linn.  Bordeaux,  Vol.  4S,  (IX')o).  AN- 
Vol.  52,  pi.  4.  figs.  9  and  10. 

0  S.  Graenicher.  A  contribution  to  our  kno\\1r<lm-  of  tin-  visual  mem- 
ory of  bees.  Bull.  Wis.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.,  Vol.  4,  pp.  138-142,  (1906). 


234  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

nest  for  several  days,  and  showed  as  much  familiarity  with  the 
site  of  the  nest  as  the  hosthee  itself. 

A  female  Coclin.i-ys  behaves  in  exactly  the  same  manner. 
The  methods  employed  by  such  a  parasitic  bee,  after  it  has 
found  a  nest,  are  identical  with  those  exhibited  by  the  hostbee 
from  the  time  it  has  started  the  construction  of  a  nest.  By 
a  thorough  study  of  the  surroundings,  the  latter  is  enabled  to 
locate  its  nest  without  any  loss  of  time  on  its  return.  There 
is  a  highly  developed  memory  for  visual  impressions  in  the 
hostbee,  and  this  seems  to  be  just  as  well  developed  in  the 
parasitic  bee. 

When  more  than  one  female  Coelio.rys  has  discovered  the 
same  nest  of  a  host,  each  one  of  them  may  come  to  the  nest 
to  deposit  its  egg.  Ferton  saw  four  females  of  Coelio.rys 
quadrinotata  appear  at  the  nest  of  Megachilc  circnincincta  at 
about  the  same  time.  At  a  nest  of  Megachilc  •i^'ootonl,  the 
writer  found  three  specimens  of  Coelio.rys  nbis  in  attendance. 
Two  of  them  (a  larger  and  a  smaller  one)  visited  the  nest. 
At  first  the  small  one  entered,  and  stayed  inside  for  a  few 
minutes.  During  this  time  the  larger  one  entered,  but  on 
finding  the  nest  occupied,  reappeared  at  once,  and  took  up  a 
position  on  a  small  plant  nearby.  After  the  small  one  had 
left,  the  hostbee  arrived  with  a  load  of  pollen,  deposited  it  in 
the  nest,  and  departed.  Thereupon  the  larger  Coelio.rys  paid 
a  visit  to  the  nest. 

There  are  no  signs  of  hostility  between  these  rival  parasites, 
either  at  the  nest  or  when  two  of  them  happen  to  meet  when 
on  the  wing.  In  the  latter  case,  the  writer  has  seen  them 
flying  around  each  other,  face  to  face,  in  a  playful  way. 

THE  EGG  OF  COELIOXYS. 

In  view  of  the  foregoing,  we  are  not  surprised  to  find  more 
than  one  egg  of  the  parasite  in  the  same  cell.  Ferton  saw  as 
many  as  three  eggs  of  Coelio.rys  quadrinotata  in  a  cell  of  Meg- 
achilc circiuncincta.  There  were  five  eggs  of  Coelio.rys  ribis 
in  a  cell  of  Mcgacliilc  woo  tout,  and  this  is  the  largest  number 
ever  found  by  the  writer  in  a  single  cell. 

The  eggs  of  the  parasite  are  placed  in  the  lower  portion  of 


xxxviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS  235 

the  cell  wall,  mostly  near  the  base.  Those'  of  the  various 
species  of  Coclio.rys  seen  by  the  writer  differ  considerably  in 
shape  and  size  from  those  of  their  hosts.  The  egg  of  Coclio.vys 
is  comparatively  shorter  than  that  of  Mcijacliilc  and  broadened 
out  at  its  cephalic  pole.  The  duration  of  the  egg  stage,  as 
observed  in  both  Coclio.vys  m  fit  arsis  and  C.  ribis,  amounts  to 
about  four  days. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Two  New  Species  of  Diptera  from  North  Carolina 
(Tachinidae,  Conopidae). 

By  C.  S.   1!  KIM  LEY,  Entomology  Division, 

X.  C.  Dept.  Agriculture. 
Neophyto  olmaba  n.  sp.      (Tachinidae). 

Much  like  N.  sctosa  Coq.  but  differs  from  it  in  the  same 
way  that  PJiytodcs  liircuh'.s  Co<|.  does;  namely  in  the  absence 
of  true  discals  on  abdominal  segments  1-3,  in  having  the  apical 
cell  long  petiolate,  and  in  the  posterior  crossvein  being  nearer 
to  the  small  crossvein  than  to  the  bend  of  the  fourth  vein. 
From  the  description  of  p.  hircidns  Coq.,  it  differs  in  having 
three  sternopleurals  instead  of  two,  in  having  no  golden  color 
on  the  face,  and  in  the  wings  being  hyaline  or  tinged  with  yel- 
low toward  the  costa.  The  middle  pair  of  marginals  on  seg- 
ment three  are  out  of  line  with  the  others,  being  further  away 
from  its  posterior  margin.  Length  6  to  9  mm. 

Type  Female,  Sunburst,  North  Carolina.  May,  1912,  F. 
Sherman.  Five  paratypes  are  from  Raleigh,  X.  C.,  C.  S. 
r.rimlev,  taken  on  April  30.  1923,  Aug.  23,  1921.  and  May 
14,  1926;  these  are  smaller  than  the  type  and  also  appear  to 
be  females,  all  having  orbital  bristles.  Type  and  paratype  will 
be  deposited  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Conops  limuva    n.  sp.     (Conopidae.) 

?  length  about  12.5  mm.  Second  antennal  joint  about  one 
and  one-fourth  length  of  third  (including  style),  small  cross- 
vein  a  little  beyond  middle  of  discal  cell,  about  opposite  tip  of 
auxiliary  vein;  ventral  plate  of  about  uniform  thickness  for 
apical  two-thirds  or  three- fourths,  somewhat  widened  at 
the  base. 

Cheeks,  face,  sides  of  front,  lower  part  of  back  of  head  and 


236  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

narrow  posterior  orbits  yellow ;  vertex,  middle  of  front  to 
antennae  and  greater  part  of  back  of  head,  black  or  dark  brown, 
the  middle  of  vertex  behind  tinged  with  yellowish.  Proboscis 
and  antennae  black. 

Thorax  and  abdomen  black  or  dark  brown,  except  for  two 
short  yellow-pollinose  stripes  on  thorax  in  front,  a  broken  ver- 
tical stripe  on  pleura  to  base  of  mid  coxa,  a  transverse  band  on 
base  of  metanotum  with  a  vertical  extension  down  each  side  of 
same,  narrow  apical  bands  on  tergites  1-3,  broad  apical  band  on 
4,  and  most  of  rest,  all  yellow  pollinose.  Legs  mostly  yellow 
pollinose,  apical  half  of  hind  tibiae  and  all  tarsi  black,  all  the 
femora  darkened  above,  claws  and  pulvilli  yellow. 

The  wings  have  the  costal  cells  anterior  to  the  first  vein 
yellow;  from  the  first  vein  and  the  costa  beyond  the  tip  of 
first  vein  to  the  third  vein  the  wings  are  blackish,  this  color 
extending  to  the  very  tip  of  the  third  vein  but  not  crossing 
it.  Posterior  part  of  wings  abruptly  hyaline,  but  with  dusky 
edging  in  discal  cell  to  posterior  branch  of  fifth  vein  and  also 
a  dusky  streak  in  front  of  fifth  vein  in  third  posterior  cell. 

Differs  from  all  American  Conops  known  to  me  except 
brachyrhynchus  in  having  second  antennal  joint  longer  than 
third  and  from  this  and  all  others  known  to  me  by  the  wings 
being  dark  down  to  the  third  vein  only,  then  abruptly  hyaline 
behind  it. 

Type  and  only  specimen,  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  June  29, 
1926,  C.  S.  Brimley,  in  the  North  Carolina  Department  of 
Agriculture  Collection. 


Notes  on  North  Carolina  Hymenoptera. 

By  C.   S.  BRIMLEY,  Entomology  Division, 
N.  C.  Dept.  Agriculture. 

I.     KEY   TO   THE   SPECIES   OF    ELIS    FABRICIUS    (SCOLIIDAE) 

FOUND  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA   (INCLUDING  A  NEW 

SPECIES  FROM  SOUTH  CAROLINA.) 

1 .  Females 2. 

Males 8. 

2.  Propodeum   smooth  on   sides,    (pronotum   with   a  pale 

band  behind)    3. 

Propodeum  striate  on  sides 4. 

3.  Two  yellow  spots   on   front  of  pronotum,   scutel   with 

yellow,    neck   yellow   above.      (Southern    Pines    and 
Aberdeen,  N.  C.,  two,  Sept.,  Oct.).    propodcalis  Rohwer 


xxxviii,  '27]  K.NTOMOLOGICAL  XK\VS  237 

No  yellow  spots  on  front  of  pronotnm,  scutel  black, 
neck  not  yellow  above.  (Eastern  and  central  North 
Carolina,  June  to  October  caroliniana  Panzer 

4.  Pronotum  with  a  pale  band  behind,  scutel  marked  with 

yellow 5. 

Pronotum  without  a  pale  band  behind,  scutel  black.  ...      6. 

5.  Pronotum    densely   and   coarsely   punctate   above,   tibiae 

and    tarsi    reddish    yellow.       (  Kittrell,    X.    C.,    July, 
one).  floridanus  Rohwer 

Pronotum  but  little  punctate  above,  tibiae  and  tarsi 
black  or  nearly  so.  (Southern  Pines.  August, 
three).  qnin(jnccincta  Fabr. 

(>.     No  pale  markings  on  the  abdomen  beyond  the  second 

segment.     (Charleston,  S.  C.,  July,  four).       bcrlyi  n.  sp. 
Segments  1-4  or  1-5  with  pale  markings 7. 

7.  Abdomen  above   with   lateral    spots  only,   venter  black, 

stripe  on  each  side  of  propodeum  undivided  or  ab- 
sent. (Whole  State,  June  to  (  )ctober).  obscnra  Fabr. 
Abdomen  above  with  the  lateral  spots  on  some  of  the 
segments  nearly  or  quite  uniting  to  form  crossbands, 
venter  with  lateral  yellow  spots,  snot  on  each  side  of 
propodeum  deeply  V-shaped.  (  Whole  State,  June 
to  October).  intcrntpta  Say 

8.  A  yellow  spot  on  each  side  of  last  abdominal  segment. 

(Raleigh  and  Kittrell,  X.  C.,  July,  two). 

atriventris  Gahan 
No  such  spots  present 9. 

9.  Hind  tibiae  mainly  yellow,  hind  femora  yellow  at  apex 

and  on  apical  half  above,  no  vertical  groove  through 
yellow  spot  below  base  of  wing.                          caroliniana 
Hind  tibiae  mainly  dark,  hind  femora  black  on  sides  to 
apex,  the  yellow  limited  to  sa  stripe  above 10. 

10.  Hind    tibiae    mostly    black,    stripes    on    postero-lateral 

angles  of  propodeum  usuallv  entire  outwardly,  yellow 
lateral  spots  present  on  ventrals  2-6.  Groove  on  yel- 
low spot  below  wing  feeble  or  absent.  Larger.  obscura 
Hind  tibiae  dusky  or  dull  reddish,  propodeal  stripes 
concave  or  emarginate  outwardly,  sixth  ventral 
usually  unspotted,  groove  on  yellow  spot  below  wing- 
base  well  developed.  Smaller.  interrupts 

Note.  Determination  of  the  last  three  species  is  based  on 
the  examination  of  a  number  of  specimens  from  Raleigh,  where 
these  species  arc  all  common  and  are  the  only  ones  of  which 
females  have  been  taken. 


238  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

Elis  berlyi  n.  sp.  $  .  Black  with  the  following  white :  very 
narrow  upper  anterior  orbits,  post-scutellum,  spot  below  base 
of  wings,  broad  band  on  first  abdominal  segment  and  large 
spot  on  each  side  of  second.  Pronotum  coarsely  and  densely 
punctate  above,  propodeum  striate  on  sides  and  behind. 
Length  18-20  mm. 

Sharply  distinguished  from  all  species  known  to  me  by  the 
absence  of  pale  markings  on  the  abdomen  posterior  to  the 
second  segment. 

Type,  female,  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  July  23,  1926,  J. 
A.  Berly,  collector ;  paratypcs,  three  females,  same  data.  One 
paratype  is  retained  for  the  collection  of  the  North  Carolina 
Department  of  Agriculture,  the  others  and  the  type  are  re- 
turned to  Professor  Franklin  Sherman,  State  Entomologist, 
Clemson  College,  South  Carolina,  whom  I  wish  to  thank  for 
the  privilege  of  examining  and  describing  this  form. 

II.     DESCRIPTION  OF  A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  CERCERIS. 
(CERCERIDAE.) 

Cerceris  natallenus  n.  sp.  Black  with  the  following  yellow 
or  reddish  yellow :  broad  anterior  orbits  reaching1  a  little  above 
base  of  antennae,  clypeal  process  except  base  but  including 
lamellae,  front  of  mandibles  except  tips,  under-side  of  scape 
and  of  basal,  two-thirds  of  flagellum,  tibiae  and  tarsi  and  ex- 
treme apex  of  femora,  broad  even  apical  band  on  dorsum  of 
second  abdominal  segment,  and  very  fine  apical  margins  to  ven- 
tral segments  2-6. 

Sculpture  about  as  in  couipacia,  except  that  the  enclosure 
instead  of  being  rugose  is  mainly  smooth  with  a  narrow  groove 
down  the  center  and  incomplete  coarse  oblique  striae  on  the 
sides,  the  mesepimeron  also  is  coarsely  transversely  striate  on 
upper  third  and  smooth  on  the  remaining  portion.  Clypeal 
process  broader  and  more  arched  than  in  com  pact  a,  the  two 
lamellae  completely  separated.  Length  15  mm. 

Type  female,  Lagrange,  North  Carolina,  August  5,  1924, 
T.  B.  Mitchell,  in  the  collection  of  the  North  Carolina  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture.  Two  other  females  and  a  male  agree 
in  the  sculpture  of  the  enclosure  and  of  the  mesepimeron,  but 
present  some  color  differences  as  follows :  the  first  a  female 
from  Bostic,  N.  C,  July  7,  1921,  T.  B.  Mitchell,  agrees  with 
the  type  except  that  the  hind  tibiae  are  dark  above  and  yellow 
beneath,  length  13  mm.;  the  second  a  female,  \Yillard,  N.  C., 


XXXVlii,    '27]  LXTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  239 

July  15,  1925,  C.  S.  Brimley,  agrees  in  structure  with  the  fore- 
going, but  the  color  of  the  head  more  or  less,  of  the  propocleum 
and  of  the  first  and  second  abdominal  segments  is  red,  and 
the  legs  are  reddish,  except  that  the  mid  and  hind  tibiae  are 
dark  above;  the  first  abdominal  segment  has  a  transve 
apical  row  of  three  yellow  spots  above,  length  13  mm.;  finally 
a  male  from  \Yillard,  N.  C.,  July  15,  1925,  C.  S.  B.,  agrees 
with  the  type  in  color,  but  has  the  hind  tibiae  dark  above  as 
in  the  Bostic  specimen,  and  the  scutellum  has  a  broad  yellow 
band  partly  divided  in  the  middle. 

In  Banks'  key  to  eastern  Ccrccris  this  runs  to  coin  pact  a. 
from  which  it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  different  sculpture 
of  the  enclosure  and  mesepimeron  as  well  as  by  differences  in 
color,  while  from  flavofasciatus  (of  which  Dr.  Rohwer  tells 
me  it  is  probably  a  variety)  it  may  be  distinguished  in  the 
female  sex  at  least,  by  the  unmarked  scutellum,  and  in  both 
sexes  by  the  predominantly  black  hind  femora. 


A  New  Syrphid  (Diptera)  from  Guatemala. 

By   DAVID   G.    HALL,   College   of   Agriculture,    University   of 

Arkansas.* 

A  new  species  of  Mcso^raiiiiiia  from  Guatemala  is  described 
herewith  from  a  series  of  specimens  in  the  collection  of  J.  S. 
Hine. 
Mesogramma  flaviplura  sp.  nov. 

Length  8-9  mm.  Face,  dark  brownish  black,  dusted  with 
yellow  along  sides.  Antennae,  including  arista,  yellowish 
In-own,  third  joint  being  somewhat  silvery  pollinose.  Frontal 
triangle  of  male  rather  narrowed  above,  almost  black,  with 
black  colored  pile,  dusted  with  whitish  pollen- a  little  before 
ocelli.  Front  of  female  blackish,  shining  and  thickly  dusted 
along  sides  with  yellow  pollen  starting  just  below  ocelli. 

Median  cinereous  stripe  of  thorax  moderately  distinct,  the 
rest  of  thorax  dark  blackish  brown,  lightly  clothed  with  dark- 
pile.  A  light  yellow  spot  on  mesopleurae,  thinly  clothed  with 
light  pile.  Scutellum  unicolorous  with  thorax,  lighter  on  mar- 
gin. Halteres  yellowish  white. 

Abdomen  of  male  of  the  same  color  as  thorax,  dark-brown 
metallic,  without  an  apparent  design  or  pattern.  Abdomen  of 
the  female  similar  to  that  ol  male,  except  a  series  of  opaque 

*Rcscarch   Paper    X<>.   54,  Journal   Series,    University  •>!'    Arkansas 


240 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Oct.,  '27 


spots  that  are  hard  to  define.  First  segment  shining',  second 
with  a  transversal  spot  extending  across  the  approximate  center, 
not  reaching  lateral  margins  ;  third  segment  with  a  more  exten- 
sive spot  showing  a  tendency  to  break  into  a  series  of  smaller 
spots,  a  large  one  on  each  side,  easily  contained  within  the 
borders  of  the  segment  and  connecting  somewhat  with  each 


Pattern  on  abdomen  of  female  Mesogramma  fiaviplura. 

other,  across  a  pair  of  median  lines.  Spots  on  the  fourth  seg- 
ment distinctly  separated,  a  pair  on  each  side  and  a  pair  of 
median  lines  or  spots.  Fifth  segment  with  a  pair  of  oblique 
spots  extending  toward  median  posterior,  a  single  median  spot 
beginning  at  the  anterior  margin,  extending  back  about  llmv 
fourths  the  distance  toward  the  posterior  margin,  taking  the 
place  of  the  median  lines  on  the  preceding  segments,  a  small 
triangular  median  spot  on  posterior  margin.  Fifth  segment  and 
hypopygium  shining  metallic  brownish  black. 

All  femora  black,  with  dark  pile,  knees  whitish.  Ilind  tibia 
black,  with  dark  pile,  remaining"  tibia  white,  with  light  colored 
pile.  All  tarsi  dark,  increasingly  so  toward  pulvillae. 

Wings,  smoked  a  deep  blackish  brown,  darker  along  margin. 

A  series  upon  which  this  species  is  based  was  collected  by 
Prof.  Hine  during  the  months  of  January,  February  and  March, 
1905,  at  Puerto  P>arrios,  Guatemala,  and  are  in  his  private1  col- 
lection at  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Type — .Female  in  the  collection  of  Prof.  Hine. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,   OCTOBER,   1927. 

Summary  of  Votes  in  Recent  American  Referendum  on 

Dr.  Poche's  Three  Propositions  to  Change 

the  International  Rules  of  Zoological 

Nomenclature. 

Referring  to  the  recent  referendum  on  Dr.  Poche's  (Vienna, 
Austria)  three  propositions  in  regard  to  the  Rules  of  Zoological 
Nomenclature,  the  undersigned  has  the  honor  to  report  to  the 
zoological  profession  the  following  results  of  the  hallot : 

Poche's  proposition  I:     8  votes  for;  549  votes  against. 

Poche's  proposition  II:     4  votes  for;  550  votes  against. 

Poche's  proposition  III:     4  votes  for;  551  votes  against. 

A  detailed  report  will  be  made  to  the  Tenth  International 
Zoological  Congress  (Budapest)  and  the  undersigned  un- 
reservedly accepts  the  unambiguous  results  of  this  referendum 
as  definite  instructions  from  the  profession  in  the  United 
States  for  him  to  cast  his  vote  (in  the  Congress  as  delegate, 
and  in  the  Commission  as  member)  against  all  three  proposi- 
tions.— C.  W.  STILES,  Professor  of  Zoology,  U.  S.  Public 
Health  Service. 


Personals. 

PROF.  J.  G.  NEEDHAM  wrote  from  Ithaca  on  July  14,  1927, 
"1  am  leaving  to-night  for  a  year  in  China." 

MR.  11. \ixoi.n  C.  HALLOCK  has  been  transferred  from  the 
Japanese  Beetle  Laboratory  at  Riverton,  New  Jersey,  to  West- 
bury,  Long  Island,  Xew  York,  for  research  work  on  the 
Asiatic  beetle,  Anoniala  oriciihtlis. 

On  July  13,  MR.  J.  A.  G.  REIIN,  recording  secretary  and 
associate  curator  of  entomology  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  set  off  on  a  second  collecting  trip 
in  Costa  Rica,  his  first  visit  to  that  country  having  been  made 
four  years  ago.  The  present  expedition  is  planned  to  visit 
especially  Pozo  Azul  in  the  Pacific  lowlands,  the  high  south 
central  mountains  of  Santa  Maria  Dota,  the1  higher  central 
volcanos  of  Irazu  and  Turrialba  and,  in  the  Atlantic  lowlands, 

241 


242  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

Talamanca  and  Santa  Clara.  He  expects  to  return  to  Phila- 
delphia near  the  end  of  September. 

PROF.  T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL  wrote  from  Leningrad,  Russia. 
July  11,  1927:  We  arrived  here  yesterday  on  the  S.S.  Soviet 
(COBET  in  Russian)  from  London.  On  the  way  had  three 
days  at  Bremen  and  saw  much  of  J.  D.  Alfken,  who  has  re- 
tired from  teaching  and  now  devotes  his  whole  time  to  the 
study  of  bees.  Was  present  at  a  meeting  of  the  Bremen  Ento- 
mological Society.  Much  kindness  shown  to  us  by  all  the 
people  in  Bremen  and  also  here  in  Leningrad.  To-day  we  saw 
the  entomological  collections  of  Academy  of  Sciences,  beauti- 
fully arranged  and  cared  for,  the  largest  series  of  Bonibus  in 
the  world,  I  think.  They  wish  to  exchange  insects  and  have 
much  to  offer  in  all  orders.  Fortunately  the  collections  were 
not  at  all  damaged  during  the  revolution.  We  expect  to  start 
for  Irkutsk,  a  journey  of  eight  days,  to-morrow.  [See  the 
NEWS  for  February  last,  page  57,  for  an  outline  of  Prof. 
Cockerell's  proposed  journey. — ED.] 

DR.  C.  H.  T.  TOWNSEND  has  been  placed  in  charge  of  the 
Peruvian  Agricultural  Institute  of  Parasitology.  (Jour.  Econ. 
Ent.) 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  France, 
March  9,  1927,  Prof.  W.  M.  WHEELER  was  awarded  the 
Dollfuss  prize  of  300  francs  for  his  work  Lcs  Socictcs  d'lu- 
scctcs.  Lcur  originc.  Lciir  evolution. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  E.   T.   CRESSON,   JR. 

LTnder  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  Kn- 
tomology  of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including'  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  not<  d; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  in  Heavy- Faced  Type  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbe.vd 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published. 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  K<  cord, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied  En- 
tomology, Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Papers  published   in  the   Entomological   News  are  not  listed. 

4— Canadian  Ent.,  Guelph.  5 — Psyche,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
8 — Ent.  Monthly  Mag.,  London.  9 — Entomologist,  London. 
10 — Proc.,  Ent.  ~  Soc. ^Washington.  11 — Deutsche  Ent.  Zcit- 
schrift,  Berlin.  12— Jour,  of  Economic  Ent.  14 — Ent.  Zeit- 
schrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.  17— Ent.  Rundsclwi,  Stuttgart. 


xxxvii'i,  '27  j  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  243 

18— Intern.  Ent.  Zeitsehrifi.  Guben.  20-  Societas  Ento- 
mologica,  Stuttgart.  21— The  Entomologist's  Record,  London. 
22— Bull.  Enl.  Research,  London.  -Ann.  Soc. 

Ent.  France.    25— Hull.  Soc.  Ent.  France.     26— Ent.  An/.eiger, 
\\'ien.      27— Hull.    Soc.    Ent.    Ttaliana.      35— Proc.,    Ent.    Soc., 
London.     45— Zeit.  f.  AYissenschil.   Insektenbiol.,  Berlin.     50- 
i'i-oc.,  U.    S.    National    Museum.      55 — Pan-Pacific    Ent..    San 
Francisco.     56—  Konowia.  Wien.     61— Proc.,  California  Acad. 
Sci.     68— Science.     69— Comptes   R.,  Acad.  Sci.,   Paris.     70- 
Entomologica    Americana.    Brooklyn.      77 — Comptes    R.,    Soc. 
Biologic,   Paris.      78 — Bull.    Biol.    France    et    Belgique.      80- 
Lepid.   Rundschau,  \Yien.      101 — Hiological  Bui.  Woods  Hole, 
Mass.    107— Biolugisches    Zentralblatt.    109— Ann.    Hist.    Nat. 
Mus.  Xat..   llungarici.     122— Zeit.  f.  Morph.  u.  Oekol.  Tiere, 
Berlin.       130— Ohio    Jour.    Sciences,     Columbus.       131— Ent. 
Blatter.  Berlin.     133— Jour.   Experimental   Zool.      135 — Quart- 
erly Jour.  Microscopic.  Sci.     144 — Ann.  Sci.  Xat.,  Zool.,  Paris. 
153— Bull.  Museum  Xat.  Hist.  Naturelle,  Paris. 

GENERAL — Bethune-Baker,  G.  T.— Remarks  on  Dr. 
Verity's  "Explanation  and  Justification."  (21,  xxxix,  p.  103- 
104.)"  Bird,  R.  D. — Xotes  on  insects  bred  from  native  and  culti- 
vated fruit  trees  and  shrubs  of  southern  Manitoba.  (4  lix,  p. 
124-128.)  Blasche,  P. — Raupen  in  hummclnest.  Selbstanferti- 
gung  von  gebrauchsgegenstanden.  (18  xxi,  p.  71.)  Bois,  N.  D. 

-Leon     Diquet     Explorateur-naturaliste,     Correspondent     du 
Museum.      (153,  l<)2f..  no.  6,  pp.  333-335.)      Bradley,  J.  C 
Xomina  conservanda.   (Science,  Ixvi,  p.   100-103.)      Chappius, 
•P.   A. — Die  tienvelt   der    unterirdischen    ^ewiisser.     (Thiene- 
mann's  Die  Binnengewasser,  ii,  p.  92-99.)      Depdolla,  Ph.— 
Die  keimzellenbildung  und  die  befruchtung  bei   den  insekten. 
(Hanbd.  der   Ent.  Schroder,  i,  p.  825         )      Essig,  E.   O.- 
Some  insects  from  the  adobe  walls  of  the  old  missions  of  Lower 
California.    (55,    iii,   p.    194-195.)      Franz   von   Tunkl.   F.- 
Uebcr  die  wertung  des  insektenlebens  vor  zweihundert  jahren. 
(26,  vii,  ]).  155-156,  Cont.)     Frohawk,  F.  W. — Range  of  vision 
in  insects.    (9,  Ix.  p.   163.)      George,  L. — (  )b-crvations  stir  la 
biolo^;c  de  deux  hvmenopteres  entomophages.    (  lUil.  Soc.  His. 
Nat.  Afr.  Nord,  1927,  p.  55-71.)     Hayward,  K.  J.— Collectin- 
experiences  in  the  Rio   Paranamini  region  of  Argentina.   (9,  Ix, 
]>.    164-1 1  >5. )      Hedicke   and   others — Hexapoda    [  Abstracts!. 
(Zoologischer  lU-richt.  l^erlin.  xii,  ]>p.  436-451.)      Houard.  C. 

— Les  collections  cccidolo.giqurs  du  Lab.  d'I'Jit.  du  Mus.  Hi-t. 
Xat.  Paris;  (lallcs  de  In  ( iuyane  Francais(\  Mem.  2.  (Marcellia, 
xxi.  ]).  971-128,  ill.)  Houard,  C. — Les  Collections  cecidologi- 
ques  du  laboraloire  d'entomologie  du  Museum  d'llistoirc  Xat- 


244  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

urelle   de    Paris:    Galles    cle   1'Amerique   tropicale.    (Marcellia, 
Avellino,  vol.  xxiii,  fasc.  1-6,  pp.  95-124.)     Howard,  L.  O.— 
The  historical  development  and  present  organization  of  applied 
entomology  in  the  United  States.   (Centralblatt  fiir  Bakteriolo- 
gie  etc.,  Jena  2te  Abt.,  Bd.  71,  pp.  105-113.)  Jordan,  D.  S.- 
Concerning   "species    grinding."     (Science,    Ixvi,    p.     14-15.) 
Lameere,  A. — Abrege  de  la  classification  zoologiqne.  (Annales 
Societe  royale  zoologique  de  Belgiqne,  Ivii,  p.  68-182.)      [Ar- 
thropods   pp.    110-135.]       Leon,    N. — Entomologia    Medicala. 
(Acad.  Romana  Bucnresti.  Stud.  Cere,  ix,  248,  pp.  ill.,  1925.) 
McAtee,  W.  L. — Notes  on  insect  inhabitants  of  bird  houses. 
(10,  xxix,  p.  87-90.)     Moznette,  G.  F. — Notes  on  some  insects 
occurring  on  the  Island  of  New  Providence,  Bahama  Archipel- 
ago, and  their  bearing  on  horticulture  in   Florida.    (Quarterly 
Bull.  State  Plant  Board  of  Florida,  xi,  p.  119-121.)  Muller  & 
Schuster  von  Forstner. — Vulkanausbriiche  und  insekten.   (17, 
xliv,  p.  22-23.)    Needham,  J.  G.  &  Christenson,  R.  O.— Eco- 
nomic Insects  in  some  streams  of  Northern  Utah.   (Bull.  201, 
Utah  Agr.  Exper.  Sta.,  Logan,  Utah,  pp.  36,  ill.)     Parisi,  B.- 
Notiziario  della  sezione  du  zoologia  del  Museo  Civico  di  Storia 
Naturale  di  Milano.  II  nuovo  ordinamento  delle    collezioni     en- 
tomologiche.    (Nature,  Milano,  xviii,  p.  42-46,  ill.)  Puengeler, 
R._Obituary(ll,  1927,  p.  97-100.)  deStefani,  T.— Piccole  note 
alctini  insetti.  (II  Nat.  Siciliano,  xxv,  p.  1-10).  Turner,  H.  J.— 
Nomenclature.  Errors.  (21,  xxxix,  p.  95-96.)  Turner,  H.  J.— 
-Races  and  their  naming.  (21,  xxxix,  p.  104-106.)     Verity,  R. 
A  few  words  of  explanation  and  justification.    (21,  xxxix,  p. 
100-103.)     Weiss,  H.  B. — Tan  Jacobz  Swammerdam.     (Sci.- 
Mon.  Mag.,  1927.  p.  220-227~  ill.) 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,   ETC.— Carpentier,    F.- 

Sur  les  trachees  de  la  base  des  pattes  et  des  ailes  de  la  sauterelle 
verte.  "Phasgonura  viridissima."  (Ann.  Soc.  Sci.  Bruxelles, 
xlvii,  B.  p.  63-86,  ill.)  Cockayne,  E.  A. — Gynandromorphs  and 
intersexes.  (35,  i,  p.  91-92.)  Codreanu,  R. — Le  cycle  evolutif 
d'un  Chironomide  a  larve  ectoparasite  d'une  nymphe  d'ephe- 
mere.  Les  conditions  de  la  mue  dans  un  cas  de  parasitisme  d'une 
nymphe  d'ephemere  par  tine  larve  cle  Chironomide  (77,  xcvi,  |>. 
1433-1435;  1435-1436.)  Crampton,  G.  C.— The  thoracic 
sclerites  and  wing  bases  of  the  roach  Periplaneta  americana 
and  the  basal  structures  of  the  wings  of  insects.  (5,  xxxiv,  p. 
59-72,  ill)  Debaisieux,  P. — A  propos  des  cnidosporides  des 
blattides.  (77,  xcvi,  p.  1404-1406.)  Demoll,  R.— Untersuchun- 
gen  iiber  die  atmung  der  insekten.  (Zeit.  f.  Biologic,  Ixxxvi,  p. 
45-66.)  Feuerborn,  H.  J. — Ueber  die  genese  der  imaginalen 
thoraxmuskulatur  und  das  tracheensystem  von  Psychoda  alter- 


XXXVJii,    '27]  K. \TOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

• 

nata.   (Zool.  An/.,  Ixxi,  p.  24l>-2(>'>,  ill.)      Goldschmidt,  R- 
\\'eitere    morphologische    untersuchungen    /urn    intersexualitat 
-problem.    (122,  vi'ii.  p.  63-95,  ill.)    de  Gryse,  J.  J.- -The  mor- 
phogeny  of  certain  types  of  respiratory  systems  in  insert  larvae. 
(  Trans".  K.  Soc.  Can",  xx,  (V),  p.  483-503.  )  Heller  u.  Meisels. 
Untersuchungen  iiber  die  metamorphose  der  insekten.      (  I'iol. 
Zentrall).,  xlvii.  p.  257-264,  ill.)     Hollande,  A.  C.— La  renova- 
tion de  repithelium  c!e  1'intestin  mover  du  criquet  egyptien.  (69, 
clxxxiv,  p.  1476-1478,  ill.)     Koch,  A. — Studien  an  leuchtenden 
tieren.  Das  leuchten  der  myriapoden.  (122,  viii,  p.  241-270,  ill.) 
Kosminsky,   P. — Intersexualitat    im   mannlichen    Kopulations- 
apparat  von  T.ymantria  dispar  L.  unterm  Einlluss  der  Tempera- 
tur.  (107,  Bd."47,  pp.  323-326.  ill.)     Lee,  M.  O— Respiration 
of  Insects.   (68,  Aug.  5,  1927.)     v.  Lengerken,  H. — Biologic 
der  tiere  deutschlands,  P.  Schulze.  Lief.  24,  Teil  40,  Coleoptera 
[V,  p.  169-346,  ill.     Levitt  u.  Spett. — Uebcr  einige  fallen  von 
verdoppelungs-anomalien  des     receptaculum     seminis     einiger 
blattkafer.  (Zool.  Anz.,  Ixxi.  p.  331-334.  ill.)     Payne,  N.  M.- 
'Measures  of  insect  cold  hardiness.  (Biol.  Bull.,  Hi.  p.  449-457.) 
Pearl,  Miner  &  Parker. — Experimental  studies  on  the  dura- 
tion    of     life.     Density  of  population     and     life     duration     in 
drosophila.    (Am.   Nat".,  Ixi,  p.  289-318.)      Pilewiczowna,  M. 
— Sur  le  metabolisme  azote  des  insectes, — Prace  Instytutu  im. 
Nenckiego   (Travaux  de  ITnstitut   Nencki),  Warsaw,  No.   53, 
1926,    pp.     1-25,     (ill.)      [Polish,     with    a    French    resume]. 
Poisson,  R. — Recherches  sur  quelques  processus  spermatogene- 
tiques.     .     .     de    Notonecta.    maculata.    (Arch.     Zool,     Exper 
Gen.,  Ixvi.  p.  23-70,  ill.)     Poulton,  E.  B.— On  certain  effects  of 
shock  upon  insect  development.   (35,  i,  p.  79-86.)   Rabaud,  E. 
— Les  rassemblements  de  males     d'halictes     et    le     phenomene 
social  chez  les  insectes.    (78,  Ixi.  p.   163-185.)      Schraeder,  T. 
—Das   hypopygium    "circumversum"   von    Gilliphora   erythro- 
cephala.      (122,  viii,    p.   1-44.    ill.)        Serebrovsky,    A.    S.— 
The  influence  of  the  "purple"  gene  on  the  crossing-over  between 
"black"  and   "cinnabar"   in   I),   melanogaster.    (Jour,   of   Gen., 
xviii,    ]).     137-175.)       Snodgrass,     R.    E. — Morphology    and 
mechanism  of  the  insect  thorax.    (Smithsonian  Miscel.    Coll.  80. 
1.   109  pp..  ill.)      Spencer,  W.    P. — The    N    chromosome    of 
Drosophila  hydei.    Jour.  Exp.  Zool.,  Ixvii.  p.  441-466.)     Stern, 
C. — Der   Einfluss   der   Temperatur   auf    die    Ansbildung   eincr 
Fliigelmutation  bei  Drosophila  melanogaster,   (107,  Bd.  47.  PP. 
361-3fi('.  ill.)     Taverne,  L. — A  propos  du  vol  godille.     (153 
1926  no.  6.  pp.  364-3t)S.  ill.)     Thompson  &  Parker.— Etudes 
sur   la  biologic-   des   insectes   parasites:   la   vie   parasitaire  et   la 
notion  morphologique  de  Padaptation.   (24,  xcvi.  p.   113-146.) 


246  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

% 

Timofeeff-Ressovsky,  N.  W. — A  reverse  genovariation  in  D. 

funebris.  Studies  on  the  phenotypic  manifestation  of  hereditary 
factors.  .  .  (Genetics  xii,  p.  124-127;  128-198,  ill.) 
Toumanoff,  K. — Sur  le  rapport  entre  la  formation  du  pigment 
vert  figure  et  la  nutrition  chez  Dixippus  morosus.  (77,  xcvi,  p. 
1392-1396.)  Ulrich,  W. — Uber  das  bisher  einzige  strepsip- 
teron  aus  clem  baltischen  bernstein  und  tibcr  eine  theorie  cler 
mengeinenbiologie.  (122,  viii,  p.  45-62,  ill.)  Vandel,  A.—  -  La 
cytologie  de  la  parthenogenese  naturelle.  (78,  Ixi,  p.  93-125.) 
Vogle,  R. — Ueber  clrei  an  Salzwasser  angepasste  Insekten- 
gattungen  an  cler  ostlicken  mittelmeerkiiste,  (Internationale 
Revue  d.  gesamten  Hydrobiologie  u.  Hydrographic,  Leipzig, 
xvii,  pp.  355-6).  [Aedes,  Ochthebius,  Eristalis.] 

ARACHNIDA    AND    MYRIOPODA— Gerhardt,    U.- 

Neue  biologische  untersuchungen  an  einheimischen  und  aus- 
landischen  spinnen.  (122,  viii,  p.  96-186,  ill.)  Kuhl, — Myrio- 
poda  [Abstracts].  (Zoologischer  Bericht,  Berlin  xii,  pp.  434- 
436.)  Nalepa,  A. — Beobachtungen  iiber  die  Verbreitung  cler 
Callmill)en.  (Marcellia,  Avellino,  Vol.  xxiii,  fasc.  1-6,  pp.  89- 
94.)  Savory,  T.  H. — Spiders  in  the  sea.  (Sci.  Prog.,  London 
xxii,  p.  104-105.)  Seyser,  W. — Die  anatomic  cler  kreuzspinne. 
(Mikrokosmos,  xx,  p  205-209,  ill.)  Vitzthum,  Graf.- 
Arachnoidea  [abstracts].  (Zoologischer  Bericht,  Berlin,  xii,  pp. 
433-4.) 

(N)  Andre,  M. — Notes  complementaires  et  synonymicmes 
concernant  divers  Thrombidiidae.  (153,  1926,  no.  6,  pp.  375- 
377.)  "Mello-Leitao,  M. — Notes  sur  quelques  Araignees  bresili- 
ennes  de  la  collection  E.  Simon.  1.  Les  Palpimanides  de  1'Ameri- 
que  du  Sud.  (153,  1927,  no.  1,  pp.  86-92,  ill.)  Roewer,  1.  F.- 
Weitere  weberknechte  I.  Erganzung  cler  "Weberknechte  cler 
Erde.",  1923.  (Abh.  Naturw.  Ver.  Bremen,  xxvi,  p.  260-402, 
ill.) 

(S)      *Mello-Leitao, — Arachnideos     de     Santa     Catnarina 
(Rev.  Mus.  Paulista,  xv,  p.  395-418,  ill.) 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.  -      Davies, 

W.  M. — On  the  trachael  system  of  Collembola,  with  special  ref- 
erence to  that  of  Sminthurus  viriclis.  (135,  Ixxi,  p.  15-30,  ill.) 
Gros  et  Lestage. — Contribution  a  1'etude  des  larves  des  ephem- 
eropteres.  (Ann.  Biol.  Lacustre,  xv,  p.  119-186,  ill.)  Hood,  J. 
D. — On  the  synomymy  of  some  Thysanoptera  occurring  in 
California.  (55,  iii,  p.  173-178,  ill.)  Needham,  J.  G.  The  life 
history  and  habits  of  a  mayfly  from  Utah.  (4,  lix,  p.  133-136, 
ill.)  Popowa,  A.  N. — Ueber  die  ernahrung  cler  Trichopteren- 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 

larven  (Neureclipsis  bimaculata  und  Hydropsyche  ornatula.) 
(45  xxii,  p.  147-159.)  Ryves.— L'entomologie  des  mouches  a 
trtiites.  Les  ephemeres.  (La  Nature,  Jul.  I1  >27,  p.  28-29,  ill.) 
Womersley,  H. — A  study  of  the  larval  forms  of  certain 
species  of  Protura.  (8,  Ixiii,  p.  149-154.) 

(N)  *Berry,  E.  W.— A  new  type  of  caddis  case  from  the 
lower  eocene  of  Tennessee.  (50,  Ixxi,  Art.  14,  4  pp.,  ill.) 
^Carpenter,  F.  M. — A  fossil  insect  from  the  lower  perminn  of 
the  Grand  Canyon.  (50,  Ixxi.  Art.  32,  4  pp.)  -Gahan,  A.  B. 
-Description  of  a  new  species  of  Mymaridae  parasitic  in 
procid  eggs.  (55,  iii,  p.  180-181.)  Garman,  P.— Guide  to  the 
Insects  of  Connecticut,  Part  V.  The  ( )donata  or  Dra-onllies 
of  Conn.  (Conn.  State  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey, 
Bull.  39,  Hartford.  331  pp.,  ill.)  -Hood,  J.  D.— A  contribu- 
tion toward  the  knowledge  of  New  York  Thysanoptera,  with 
descriptions  of  new  genera  and  species.  (70,  vii,  p.  209-241, 
ill.)  *Martynov,  A.  B. — Ueber  eine  neue  ordnung  der  fossi- 
len  insekten,  Miomoptera  nov.  (Zool.  Anz.,  Ixxii,  p.  99-109, 
ill.) 

(S)  :::Longinos  Navas,  R.  P. — Insectos  del  museo  de 
Paris  (Broteria,  Zool.,  xxiv,  p.  5-33,  ill.) 

ORTHOPTERA — Griddle,  N. — Studies  of  the  immature 
stages  of  Manitoban  Orthoptera.  (Trans.  R.  Soc.  Can.,  xx,  (V). 
p.  507-527,  ill.)  Eisentraut,  M. — Beitrag  zur  frage  der  farben- 
passung  der  orthopteren  an  die  farbung  der  umgebung.  (122, 
vii,  p.  609-642,  ill.)  Imms,  A.  D. — The  biology  and  affinities 
of  Grylloblatta.  (35,  i,  p.  57.)  Tanner,  V.  M.— Notes  on 
Orthoptera  and  Dermaptera  from  Utah.  (55,  iii,  p.  178-179.) 

(S)  :!:Chopard,  L. — Descriptions  de  Grvllides  nouveaux. 
(24,  xcvi,  p.  147-174,  ill.)  -Karny,  H.  H.— Revision  der 
Gryllacriden  des  Zool.  Inst.  in  Halle,  sowie  einiger  Tettieonii- 
den  typen  von  Burmeister  und  Giebel.  (Zeit.  f.  Naturw.  Halle, 
Ixxxviii,  p.  1-14.  *Vignon,  P. — Les  Pterochrozees  du  Musee 
entomologique  allemand  du  P>erlin-Dahlem.  Deux  varietes 
nouvelles  dans  le  genre  Ommatoptera  Pictet.  Rectification 
systematique.  (153,  1926,  No.  f>,  pp.  360-363.) 

HEMIPTERA. — Bonnamour  &  Gautier. — Nouveau  gite 
pour  Hibernation  de  Tingis  pyri.  (Tingitidae).  (25,  \(>27,  p. 
118-119.)  Davidson,  J.— On  the  biological  and  ecological  as- 
pects of  migration  in  aphides.  (Sci.  Prog.  London,  xxii,  p.  57- 
(>''.)  Davidson,  J. — (  >n  the  occurrence  of  intermediates  in 
Aphis  rtimicis  L.  and  their  relation  to  the  alate  and  apterous 
viviparous  females,  (Journal,  Linnean  Soc.,  London,  Zoology, 


248  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

xxxvi,  pp.  467-4771,  ill.)  Decary,  R. — Note  sur  1'apparition, 
les  effets  destructeurs  et  la  disparition  rapide  d'une  cochenille. 
(25,  1927,  p.  150.)  Ferris,  G.  F.— Mealybugs.  (Monthly 
Bulletin,  Dept.  Agric.  State  of  Calif.,  Sacramento,  xvi,  no.  8, 
pp.  336-342.)  Hoffmann,  W.  E. — Biological  notes  on  Lac- 
cotrephes  (Hemiptera,  Nepidae),  (The  Lingnaam  Agricultural 
Review,  Canton,  China,  vol.  4,  no.  1,  pp.  77-93,  ill.) 
Mordvilko,  A. — L'anolocyclie  chez  les  Pemphigiens  des  Pist- 
achiers,  (69,  tome  185,  pp.  295-297.)  Myers,  L.  E. — The 
generic  types  of  the  Diaspidae.  (22,  xvii,  p.  341-346,  ill.) 

(N)  Funkhouser,  W.  D. — General  catalogue  of  the 
Hemiptera.  Fasc.  1.  Membracidae.  581  pp.  (Pub.  by  Smith 
College,  Northampton,  Mass.)  Horvath,  G. — Les  noms 
generiques  de  nos  trois  grandes  cigales  indigenes.  (109,  xxiii, 
p.  93-98.)  *Knight,  H.  H. — Descriptions  of  nine  new  species 
of  Melanotrichus  Renter  from  N.  A.  (Miridae).  (4,  lix,  p.  142 
147.)  *  Knight,  H.  H. — Descriptions  of  fifteen  n.  sps.  of 
Ceratocapsus  (Miridae).  (130,  xxvii,  p.  143-154.)  :::Knowl- 
ton,  G.  F. — Notes  on  a  few  Amphorophora  (Aphididae)  of 
Utah.  (55,  iii,  p.  185-186,  ill.)  Knowlton,  G.  F.— A  new  wil- 
low aphid  from  Utah.  (55,  iii,  p.  199.)  :;:Melichar,  L.— 
Monographic  der  Cicadellinen.  (109,  xxiii,  p.  273-394.) 
*Spruyt,  F.  J. — Notes  on  Alaptus  psocidivorus  a  new  species 
of  Mymaridae.  (55,  iii,  p.  182-184,  ill.) 

(S)  *Esaki,  T. — The  water-striders  of  the  subfamily 
Halobatinae  in  the  Hungarian  National  Museum.  (109,  xxiii,  p. 
117-164,  ill.)  :-:Esaki,  T. — On  some  species  of  Potamobates. 
(Gerridae.)  (109  xxiii,  p.  251-257,  ill.)  -Hempel,  A.- 
Cerococcus  parahybensis,  n.  sp.  Note  preliminiar.  (Rev.  Mus. 
Paulista,  xv,  p.  389-394,  ill.)  "Lallemand. — Description  d'une 
nouvelle  espece  de  Cercopicle  constituant  un  nouveau  genre. 
(24,  xcvi,  p.  208.) 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Ball,  F.  J.— Notes  on  the  coridon 
group  of  Lycaena  [incl.]  Practical  hints  for  the  examination 
of  the  androconia.  (9,  Ix,  p.  121-126.)  Dampf,  A. — Contri- 
bucion  al  conociminento  de  la  morphologia  de  los  primeros 
estados  de  Hypopta  agavis  chilodora  (Gossidae).  (Est.  Flag. 
Plant.  Anim.  Mex.  No.  1,  26  pp.,  ill.)  Dietze,  K.— Schmet- 
terlinge  an  Buddleia  variabilis.  (14,  xxxxi,  p.  156-157.)  le 
Doux,  C. — Schlagschattenfreie  photographien  von  priiparier- 
ten  schmetterlingen.  (11,  1927,  p.  111-112,  ill.)  Holland,  W. 
J. — Exit  Hubner's  tentamen.  (Science,  Ixvi,  p.  4-6.)  Hor- 
hammer,  C. — Pseudoaberration  durch  keimversprengung.  (18, 
xxi,  p.  78-80.)  Machida,  J.— On  the  Secretion  of  the  Silk 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  249 

Substance  in  the  Silkworm  (Bombyx  tnori  L.),  (Journal,  (."(ill. 
Agric.  Imper.  Univ.  Tokyo,  ix,  no.  2.  pp.  119-138,  ill.)  Mecke, 
E. — Beobachtungen  iiber  gernchsinn,  wehrhaftigkeit  und  <>ri- 
entierungsvermogen  bei  schmetterlingen.  (18,  xxi,  p.  86-88.) 
Michael,  O. — -Erinnerungen  aus  Siid-Amerika.  Dr.  Paul 
Hahnels  letzte  reise  nacb  dem  Ama/onas.  (14,  xxxxi.  p.  117 
128,  cont.)  Miiller  &  Schuster  von  Forstner. — Die  kerbtier- 
welt  der  Insel  Seymour.  Xeue  entomologische  erforschung  der 
( ialapagosinseln  clurch  Beebe.  Spinngewebe  als  vogelneize : 
(20,  xlii,  p.  21-24,  ill.)  Pallister,  J.  C.— Cissia  mitchelli 
(French)  found  in  Ohio,  with  notes  on  its  habits — Satyridae 
(130,  vol.  xxvii,  pp.  203-204.)  Pronin,  G. — Lepidopterolog- 
ische  skizzen  I,  (80,  i.  p.  (>'9-101,  contd.)  Provancher  & 
Huard. — Faune  entomologique  de  la  Province  de  Quebec,  6  me 
ordre,  Les  Lepidopteres.  (Naturaliste  Canadian,  liv.  pp.  11-22. 
Quebec.)  Riley,  N.  D. — The  Oberthiir  collection.  (9,  Ix,  p. 
136-138.)  Ruediger,  E. — Schmetterlingspreise.  (17,  xliv,  p. 
21-22.)  Schneider,  H. — Kohlwdsslinge  zu  zehntausenden. 
(18,  xxi,  p.  93-95.)  Seiler,  J. — Ergebnisse  aus  der  kreuzung 
parthenogenetischer  und  zweigeschlechtlicher  schmetterlinge. 
(Biol.  Zentralb.,  xlvii,  p.  426-446,  ill.)  Showalter,  W.  J.- 
Strange  habits  of  familiar  moths  and  butterflies.  (Nat.  Geogr. 
Mag.,  Hi,  p.  77-126,  ill.)  Sueffert,  F. — Zur  vergleichenden 
analyse  der  schmetterlingszeichnung.  (Biol.  Zentralb,  xlvii,  p. 
385-413,  ill.)  Umeya,  Y.— -On  the  Degeneration  of  the  Male- 
Copulatory  Organs  of  the  Silkworm  (Bombyx  mori  L.), 
(Journal,  Coll.  Agric.  Imper.  Univ.  Tokyo,  ix,  no.  1,  pp.  57- 
84,  (ill.),  1926.)  Walker,  J.  J.— Some  insects  of  historic  in- 
terest in  the  "Dale"  collection  of  exotic  lepidoptera  at  Oxford. 
(8,  Ixiii,  p.  123-128.) 

(N)  Barnes  &  Benjamin. — Check  list  of  the  L.  of  Boreal 
Am.,  Superf.  Sphingoidea  and  Saturnioidea,  and  Bombycoi- 
dea.  (Bui.  S.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  xxvi,  p.  35-50.)  :::Barnes  & 
Benjamin.— A  new  race  of  Hemaris  diffinis  (Sphingidae). 
(Bui.  S.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  xxvi,  p.  51.)  Bouvier,  E.  L.— 
Etude  sur  les  Ceratocampides  de  la  collection  Charles  Oberthiir. 
(144,  Xe  Serie,  x,  fasc.  2,  pp.  233-288.  ill.)  [n.  sps.  Cen.  and 
So.  Am.]  *Clark,  B.  P. — Descriptions  of  twelve  new  Sphingi- 
dae and  remarks  upon  two  other  species  (Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool. 
Club,  ix,  p.  99-109.)  Draudt,  M.— Die  CJrossschmetterlinge  der 
erde  Amer.  Lief.  191,  Vol.  7,  p.  325-340,  1  pi.  Keifer,  H.  H. 
California  microlepidoptera  Tl.  (55,  iii,  p.  lc>2. )  Seitz,  A.— 
Die  grossschmetterlinge  der  erde.  Fauna  Amer.,  Lk-f.  192-196., 
Bd.  vii,  p.  341-348,  ill.,  M.  Draudt;  Bd.  vi,  p.  529-584,  ill.,  W. 


250  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

Schatis.  *  Wright,  W.  S. — Two  new  Geometridae  from  San 
Diego  County,  Cal.,  (Trans  S.  Diego  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  v.  p.  41- 
44.) 

(S)  "Hall,  A. — A  new  species  of  Anaea  (Nymphalidae) 
from  Chiriqui.  (9,  Ix,  p.  149.)  :::Kriiger,  R. — Eine  neue  Heli- 
conius-form.  (18,  xxi,  p.  86.)  "Michael,  O. — Zwei  neue  Agri- 
asformen.  (14,  xxxxi,  p,  147-148.)  :;:Neustetter,  H. — Eine 
neue  Heliconius-form.  (18,  xxi,  p.  86.)  :;:Rober,  J. — Neue 
exotische  falter.  (18,  xxi,  p.  97-100.) 

DIPTERA. — v.  Frankenberg,  G.— Die  ruckstiilpung  des 
pharynx  bei  tier  larve  von  Corethra.  (Zool.  Anz.,  Ixxii,  p.  7.i- 
80,  ill.)  Hase,  A. — Bebbachtungen  itber  das  verhalten,  den 
herzschlag  sowie  den  stech-und  saugakt  der  pferdelausfliege, 
Hippobosca  equina.  (122,  viii,  p.  187-240,  ill.)  Tillyard,  R.  J. 
-The  mechanism  of  the  so-called  'Posterior  Sucker'  of  a 
Simulium  Larva.  (Nature,  London,  July  30,  1927,  p.  154.) 
Walker,  G.  P. — A  blackfly,  (Simulium  bracteatum),  fatal  to 
goslings.  (4,  lix,  p.  123.) 

(N)  Collin,  J.  E. — On  some  characters  of  possible  generic 
importance  in  the  Hylemyia-Chortophila  group  of  the  Antho- 
myidae.  (8,  Ixiii,  p.  129-135.)  "Curran,  C.  H. — The  nearctic 
species  of  the  genus  Rhaphium  (Dolichopodidae).  (Trans.  R. 
Canadian  Inst,  xvi,  p.  99-179,  ill.)  -Curran  &  Fluke.— Revi- 
sion of  the  Nearctic  species  of  Helophilus  and  allied  genera. 
(Trans.  Wisconsin  Ac.  Sci.  A.  &  L.,  xxii,  p.  207-282,  ill.) 
*Kr6ber,  O. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Conopidae.  |n.  s.  from 
S.  Am.].  (56,  vi,  p.  122-143,  ill.)  -Van  Duzee,  M.  C.- 
contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  the  North  American  Conopi- 
dae. (61,  xvi,  p.  573-604.).  "Wagner,  J. — Ueber  die  einteilung 
der  gattung  Ceratophyllus.  (56,  vi,  p.  101-113,  ill.) 

(S)  :;:Borgmeier,  T. — Phorideos  novos  ou  pouco  conheci- 
dos  do  Brasil.  (Bol.  Mus.  Nac.  R.  de  Jan.,  ii.  p.  39-52,  ill  ) 
:;:Townsend,  C.  H.  T. — Synopse  dos  generos  nmscoideos  da 
regiao  humida  tropical  da  America,  congeneros  e  especies  novos. 
(Rev.  Mus.  Paulista,  xv,  p.  205-388,  ill.) 

COLEOPTERA.— "Dudich,  E.— Die  Cephennium-larvcn 
und  ihre  beziehung  zu  der  insektenordnung  Anisosphaeridia. 
(131,  xxiii,  p.  85-87.)  Ferris  &  Nissen. — The  larva  of  a 
species  of  the  Cassididae.  (55,  iii,  p.  169-172,  ill.)  Heikertin- 
ger,  F. — Ueber  fuhleranpassungen  bei  myrmekophilen  kafern. 
(45,  xxii,  p.  124-147.)  Kirchner,  H. — Binlogische  studien 
iiber  Carabus  cancellatus.  (122,  vii.  p.  489-534.  ill)  Kolbe,  H. 
—Die  einstammigkeit  der  Paussiden  und  die  primitive!!  gat- 


XXXviii,    '27  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  251 

tungen  dieser  myrmekophilen  coleopterenfamilie.  (Zool.  An?..,  ' 
Ixx'ii,  p.  205-218'.)  Mutcher,  A.  J.,  and  Weiss,  H.  B.— The 
Dermestid  beetles  of  Xew  Jersey.  (  X.  J.  I  >cpt .  Agric.  Circular 
Xo.  108,  Trenton,  30  pp.,  ill.)  [Keys  to  genera  and  species]. 
Potts,  S.  F. — The  alimentary  canal  <>f  the  Mexican  bean  beetle. 
(130,  xxvii,  ]>.  127-137,  ill.)  Urban,  C. — Ueber  entwicklung 
and  larven  einiger  Rhinoncus-arten.  (131,  xxiii,  p.  4c'oX.  ill.) 
VanDyke,  E.  C.— Pterosticus  horni.  (55  iii,  p.  196.) 

(N)  :::Blaisdell,  F.  E. — Miscellaneous  studies  in  the  Col- 
eoptera  No.  2.  (55,  iii,  p.  163-168.)  *Brown,  W.  J. — Four 
new  species  of  Onthophagus.  (4,  lix,  p.  128-133.)  Didier,  R. 
— Quelques  modifications  a  la  classification  des  Lucanides.  A 
propos  du  genre  Cyclommatus.  (25,  1927,  p.  101-103.) 
Everly,  R.  T. — A  check  list  of  the  Carabidae  of  Columbus, 
Ohio,  and  vicinity.  (130,  xxvii,  p.  155-156.)  -Fall,  H.  C.- 
New  Coleoptera  XII.  (4,  lix,  p.  136-141.)  -Hardy  &  Preece. 
-Further  notes  on  some  species  of  Cerambycidae  from  the 
southern  portion  of  Vancouver  Island  and  15.  C.,  with  descrip- 
tions of  some  new  varieties.  (55,  iii,  p.  1S7-193.)  :|:Van  Dyke, 
E.  C.— The  species  of  Amphizoa.  (55,  iii,  p.  197-198.) 

(S)  -Kleine,  R. — Xovos  generos  e  especies  da  fam. 
Brenthidae  da  zona  neotropica.  (Rev.  Mus.  Paulista,  xv,  p. 
421-481,  ill.)  -Melzer,  J. — Longicorneos  do  Brasil,  novos  ou 
pouco  conhecidos.  (Rev.  Mus.  Paulista,  xv,  p.  137-204,  561- 
528,  ill.)  :::Pic,  M. — Xouveaux  cok'opteres  exotiques.  (25,  1927, 
p.  139-1-40.)  "Pic,  M. — Xouveaux  Col^opteres  exotiques. 
(153,  1926,  Xo.  6,  pp.  354-359.)  Pinto  da  Fonseca,  J.— Um 
parasita  novo  do  cafeeiro  "Corthylus  afhnis".  (Rev.  Mus.  Paul- 
ista, xv,  p.  583-590,  ill.) 

HYMENOPTERA. — Combes    M., — Sur    la    "repugnance 
des  fourmis  a  se  laisser  choir"  etudiee  par  Sir  John  Lubbock. 
(144,  Xe  serie,  X,   fasc.  2,  pp.  223-231.)      Dimitrowa,  A.— 
Untersuchungen  iiber  die  beziehung  zwischen  tracheen  und  ad- 
evverlauf   ini  hymenopterenflugel.      (122,  vii,   ]>.  694-739,  ill.) 
Donisthorpe,  H.  St.  J.  K. — Gynandromorphism  in  Ants.   (35, 
i,  p.  92-93.)     Frison,  T.  H. — The  fertilization  and  hibernation 
of  queen  bumble-bees  under  controlled  conditions.  (Bremidae). 
(12"  xx,  ]>.  522-526.)     Salt,  G.— The  effects  of  Stylopization 
on  aculeate  I  lymenoptera.  (  133,  vol.  48,  no.  1,  pp.  223-331,  ill.) 
Strand,  E. — Verzeichnis  der   I  lymenoptera,  die  bis  /urn  jahre 
1('2<>  beschricben  wurden  in  den  arbeiten.    (14,  xxxxi.  p.   112- 
lld.)      -Viereck,   H.  L. — A   preliminary     revision     of     some 
Charopsinae.  a  sub-familv  of  Ichncumoiiidae.     (Trans,  R.  Soc. 
Can.,  xx,  (V),p.  173-186.) 


252  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

(N)  :::Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Northern  types  of  insects  in 
Peru.)  (9,  Ix,  p.  158-159.)  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Bees  of  the 
genera  Agapostemon  and  Augochlora  in  the  collection  of  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences.  (55,  iii,  p.  153-162.)  Gahan, 
A.  B. — Four  new  chalcidoid  parasities  of  the  pine  tip  moth, 
Rhyacionia  frustrana.  (Jour.  Agric.  Res.  xxxiv,  p.  545-548.) 
*Huber,  L.  L. — A  taxonomic  and  ecological  review  of  the  N. 
A.  chalcid-flies  of  the  genus  Callimome.  (50,  Ixx,  Art.  14,  114 
pp.,  ill.)  :;:Isensee,  R. — A  study  of  the  male  genitalia  of  cer- 
tain anthidiine  bees.  (An.  Carnegie  Mus.,  xvii,  p.  371-384,  ill.) 
Plath,  O.  E. — The  natural  grouping  of  the  Bremidae  (Bom- 
bidae)  with  special  reference  to  biological  characters.  (101,  Hi, 
p.  394-410,  ill.) 

(S)  *CockerellT.  D.  A. — Megachilid  bees  from  Bolivia 
collected  by  the  Mulford  biological  expedition.  (50,  Ixxi,  Art. 
12,  22  pp.)  *Masi,  L. — Descrizione  di  una  nuova  specie  di 
Trigonura  (Chalcididae).  (27,  Iviii,  p.  21-24.) 

SPECIAL     NOTICES.— Diptera     Danica.— Genera     and 

species  of  flies  hitherto  found  in  Demark.  By  W.  Lundbeck. 
Part  VII,  Platypezidae,  Tachinidae.  This  monograph  (of  560 
pp.  ill.)  of  the  Danish  species  of  these  families  include  some 
species  found  in  North  America.  It  is  in  English,  and  should 
be  useful  to  American  dipterological  taxonomists, 


A  GUIDE  TO  THE  STUDY  OF  FRESH-WATER  BIOLOGY.  With 
special  reference  to  Aquatic  Insects  and  other  Invertebrate 
Animals.  By  JAMES  G.  NEEDHAM,  Ph.  D.,  Litt.  D.,  Professor 
of  Limnology  in  Cornell  University,  and  PAUL  R.  NEEDHAM, 
M.  S.,  Instructor  in  the  same.  1927.  The  American  View- 
point Society,  Inc.  New  York  and  Albany.  14x21.5  cm.  88 
pp.,  24  pis.,  8  text  figs. — This  little  book  is  intended  to  make 
identification  and  recognition  of  freshwater  non-vascular  plants 
and  invertebrates  easier  and  quicker  by  condensed  keys,  tables 
and  pictures.  Orders,  families  or  genera,  but  not  species, 
are  illustrated.  The  arthropods  treated  in  keys  and  tables  are 
the  orders  of  aquatic  insect  larvae ;  nymphs  of  Plecoptera  (pi. 
1),  Ephemerida  (pis.  2,  3),  and  Odonata  (pis.  4-7)  ;  adults  of 
Hemiptera  (pi.  8)  and  Coleoptera  (pi.  13,  in  part)  ;  larvae  of 
Trichoptera  (pi.  13,  in  part,  pi.  9,  their  "houses"),  Coleoptera 
(pi.  10),  Tipulidae  (pi.  11),  Sialididae  and  Hemerobidae  (pi. 
13,  in  part)  and  orders  of  Crustacea  (pis.  14,  24).  Part  II, 
pp.  64-88,  is  composed  of  a  description  of  collecting  methods, 
apparatus  and  equipment  and  directions  for  twenty-five  prac- 


XXXV111, 


'271  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS  253 


tical  exercises  in  freshwater  biology.  The  key  to  the  orders 
of  aquatic  insect  larvae  is  the  same,  although  rearranged,  as 
that  in  the  senior  author's  chapter  on  aquatic  insects  in  \\ard 
and  XYhipple's  /<Yr\//  ll'nlcr  IHoloi/y,  lint  the  others  are  en- 
larged and  considerably  different.  The  illustrations,  chiefly 
outline'  figures,  are  much  more  numerous  than  in  that  chapter, 
and  have  been  copied  from  many  sources.  The  whole  is  a 
very  compact  pamphlet  in  flexible  covers,  convenient  and 
handy. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 

DIE  GOLDWESPEX  Eruoi'As.  von  Dr.  W.  TRAUTMANN, 
Lautawerk.  Published  by  the  author,  1927.  Paper  bound. 
I'M  pages:  4  plates  (2  colored).  -This  work  is  evidently  a 
careful  taxonomic  study  of  the  European  species  of  the  fam- 
ily Chrysididae,  which  will  supplant,  for  the  field  covered, 
larger  and  less  critical  works.  The  introduction  is  brief  and 
includes  a  good  account  of  the  morphology  of  the  group  as 
well  as  other  general  information.  In  its  larger  aspects,  the 
classification  follows  P>ischoff  (Genera  Insectorum,  fascicle 
151,  1913).  In  the  genus  'Chrysis,  the  usual  subdivisions, 
Hoioclirysis,  Gonochrysis,  etc.,  are  used  by  Trautmann  as 
"Hilfsgenera".  with  the  admission  that  they  are  extremely  un- 
natural groups.  As  in  most  works  treating  European  cuckoo 
wasps,  color  is  extensively  used  in  keys  and  descriptions,  al- 
though the  author  finds  all  characters,  with  the  exception  of 
mouthparts  and  external  genitalia.  subject  to  variation.  Color, 
though  not  always  alone,  forms  a  basis  for  the  recognition  of 
numerous  varieties  or  races  under  many  species.  C/irvsis 
Hjnitn  L.,  probably  the  most  common  of  European  species,  has 
twenty  such  varieties  recognixcd  in  this  work.  Since  varietal 
differences  seem  to  be  dependent  on  the  species  of  host,  it  is 
not  surprising  to  find  a  multiplicity  of  host  species  for  those 
Chrysididae  which  have  many  varieties.  To  mention  only 
our  example,  there  are  in  fact  twenty  host  species  accredited 
to  itjnita,  although  the  presence  of  a  beetle.  I'losinnt,  and  of  the 
social  was]).  /Y.v/V.  in  this  list,  among  solitary  wasps  and  bees, 
the  usual  hosts,  would  seem  to  need  confirmation  of  early  and 
perhaps  unreliable  records.  The  varietal  forms  have  been 
studied  with  apparent  care,  some  in  their  relationship  to  dif- 
ferent hosts.  Observations  on  the  habits  of  American  species 
would  probably  aid  the  taxonomist  in  discovering  similar 
varieties  in  many  of  them,  otherwise  obscure.  The  two  col- 
ored plates  in  this  book  rather  successfully  approximate  the 
striking  coloration  of  European  species  of  Chrysididae,  but 


254  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

the  figures  are  too  small  to  be  morphologically  satisfactory.  It 
may  be  somewhat  confusing  to  the  novice  to  find  the  captions 
of  both  generic  and  specific  descriptions  printed  in  the  same 
type,  and  both  capitalized. — LELAND  H.  TAYLOR,  West  Vir- 
ginia University. 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  OF  THE  HEMIPTERA.  G.  Horvath, 
General  Editor,  H.  M.  Parshley,  Managing  Editor.  Fascicle 
I  MEMBRACIDAE  By  W.  D.  FUNKHOUSER,  Ph.  D.,  University 
of  Kentucky.  Published  by  Smith  College,  Northampton, 
Mass.,  U.  S.  A.,  1927.  23  x  15  cm.  12  unnumbered+  581 
pp. — A  group  of  hemipterists  met  in  Cincinnati,  in  December, 
1923,  on  the  occasion  of  the  meeting  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  to  discuss  the  project 
of  a  general  catalogue  of  the  Hemiptera  of  the  world.  Two 
previous  attempts  to  produce  such — by  Lethierry  and  Severin, 
1893-6,  and  by  Kirkaldy,  1909,  had  failed  of  completion  by 
reason  of  the  deaths  of  the  authors  (Lethierry,  Kirkaldy). 
The  result  of  the  Cincinnati  conference  was  a  Publication 
Committee  of  ten  members  comprising  Messrs.  Horvath, 
Parshley  and  Funkhauser  and  H.  G.  Barber,  E.  Bergroth 
(since  deceased),  C.  J.  Drake,  H.  B.  Hungerford,  H.  H. 
Knight,  Z.  P.  Metcalf  and  J.  R.  de  la  Torre  Bueno.  The 
present  volume  is  the  first  fruits  of  their  labors.  The  unnum- 
bered pages  contain  an  Avaut-propos  by  Dr.  Horvath  (6  pp.), 
dealing  chiefly  with  details  of  nomenclature,  and  a  list  of  the 
families  "to  afford  a  glimpse  of  the  ground  that  is  to  be  cov- 
ered, to  furnish  (as  fascicle  numbers  are  added)  a  general 
index  to  the  series,  and  to  give  a  basis  for  critical  discussion 
and  revision."  It  is  stated  that  "while  a  large  number  of 
authorities  have  agreed  to  undertake  the  cataloguing  of  their 
families — in  fact  many  fascicles  are  now  in  active  preparation 
—there  are  some  opportunities  still  open,  especially  in  the 
Homoptera ;  and  the  Editors  will  take  pleasure  in  answering 
inquiries  on  this  subject." 

Dr.  Funkhauser's  portion  is  preceded  by  an  Introduction 
in  which  he  states  that  "In  cataloguing  the  Membracidae  it 
has  not  been  deemed  advisable  to  attempt  an  arrangement 
which  would  indicate  relationships  beyond  the  subfamilies  ex- 
cept in  the  Smiliinae  in  which  subfamily  the  genera  are 
grouped  into  tribes  .  .  .  The  genera  and  their  species  within 
the  subfamilies  and  tribes  are  therefore  arranged  in  alphabet- 
ical order  ....  [but  a  list,  pp.  5-8,  gives]  a  systematic  ar- 
rangement of  the  family  which  represents  the  natural  sequence 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

of  the  groups  as  well  as  we  can  determine  it  at  present 
Kadi  spedes  is  recorded  under  each  genus  in  which  it  has  ever 
been  placed,  with  a  reference  to  the  correct  location.  Thus  all 
known  synonyms  are  cross-indexed  and,  in  addition,  all  are 
included  in  the  general  index  [pp.  547-581]  ....  [Italic] 
type  used  to  indicate  synonyms  should  prevent  confusion  in 
this  arrangement  ....  It  is  hoped  that  no  citations  have  been 
omitted  which  are  necessary  to  make  clear  the  bibliographical 
history  ....  all  references  are  chronological  [ly  arranged  | 

....  Locality  references  are  arranged  as  far  as  possible  in 
a  geographical  sequence,  adjacent  localities  being  placed  to- 
gether ....  [Trinomials]  are  given  in  this  catalogue  only 
when  it  has  been  impossible  to  reduce  the  subspecies  to  syn- 
onymy or  to  recognize  it  as  distinct." 

The  catalogue  proper  occupies  pp.  9-512,  a  Bibliography 
513-545.  No  statement  as  to  the  number  of  species  and  genera 
recorded  is  given.  Such  works  as  this  are  of  undeniable  ne- 
cessity and  utility,  as  Dr.  Horvath  writes,  and  we  hope  that 
the  entire  number  of  fascicles  will  duly  and  promptly  appear. 

-P.  P.  CALVERT. 

BIOLOGICAL  .SURVEY  OF  THE  MOUNT  DESERT  REGION.  Con- 
ducted by  \Yilliam  Procter.  Part  I.  THE  INSECT  FAUNA 
with  reference  to  the  Flora  and  other  Biological  Features.  By 
CHARLES  WILLISOX  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  Insects  and  Mol- 
lusks,  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  From  the  Mount 
Desert  Island  Biological  Laboratory,  Mount  Desert  Island. 
Maine.  Published  by  the  \Yistar  Institute  of  Anatomy  and 
Biology,  Philadelphia,  \(>27.  26  x  18  cm.  247  pp.  With  a 
portrait  of,  and  dedication  to,  Charles  Henry  Fernald. — This 
list  of  insects.  3384  species,  is  preceded  by  an  Introduction. 
pp.  (M9,  in  which  evidence  is  given  from  several  sources  of 
the  great  richness,  in  plants  and  insects,  of  the  approximately 
100  square  miles  which  constitute  the  "Mt.  Desert  Region". 
The  halophilous  insects  indicate  that  there  is  a  wide  overlap- 
ping of  northern  and  southern  forms  on  this  part  of  the  coast. 
Most  of  the  data  furnishing  this  list  were  obtained  by  the 
author  during  varying  periods  in  1^18-'23.  l(J25-'2f>,  although 
no  continuous  observations  or  collections  were  made  through- 
out any  one  year.  The  Diptera  number  1197  species,  Ilymen- 
optera  692,  Lepidoptera  521,  Colcoptera  4n(),  Ilemiptera  123, 
Ilomoptera  121;  of  the  remaining  13  orders  no  one  includes 
as  many  as  100  species.  The  reason  for  the  large  number  of 
Diptera  "is  that  the  writer,  being  a  dipterist,  has  been  able  to 


256  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

determine  the  greater  part  of  the  species  collected.  The 
Hymenoptera  would  probably  prove  as  numerous  if  all  of  the 
species  could  be  determined."  There  is  an  alphabetical  index 
to  genera  and  subgenera.  This  work  will  be  of  great  value  in 
the  study  of  the  distribution  of  North  American  insects. — P. 
P.  CALVERT. 

MORPHOLOGY  AND  MECHANISM  OF  THE  INSECT  THORAX. 
By  R.  E.  SNODGRASS,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology.  Smith- 
sonian Miscellaneous  Collections,  Vol.  80,  No.  1.  108  pp., 
44  text-figs.  June  25,  1927. — In  this  excellent  memoir,  Mr. 
Snodgrass  has  returned  to  a  subject  on  which  he  has  already 
published  extensively.  The  present  essay  treats  of  the  funda- 
mental structure  of  an  arthropod  segment,  the  elemental  struc- 
ture of  a  thoracic  segment,  the  special  structure  of  a  wing-bear- 
ing segment,  the  wings  and  the  mechanism  of  Right  and  the  legs 
and  their  muscles.  The  sclerites  are,  of  course,  described  and 
interpreted,  especially  in  relation  to  the  muscles.  The  thorax 
of  the  Protura  is  given  much  attention  as  a  source  of  compre- 
hension of  the  insectan  thorax.  The  trochantin  is  held  to  have 
played  an  important  role  in  primitive  insects,  although  now 
becoming  obliterated  in  the  higher  insects  (p.  14).  The  prox- 
imal three  segments  of  the  primitive  arthropod  limb  were  the 
subcoxa,  coxa  and  first  trochanter ;  the  subcoxal  theory,  as 
proposed  in  this  paper,  assumes  that,  in  insects,  the  lateral 
walls  of  the  subcoxa,  becoming  flattened  out,  lost  the  power 
of  motion  and  furnished  the  pleural  sclerites  of  the  thorax 
(pp.  34,  99).  These  sclerites  are  described  as  forming 
primarily,  two  arches,  one,  the  eupleural,  above  the  second,  or 
trochantinal,  both  concentric  over  the  base  of  the  coxa  (p.  30). 
In  addition  to  the  descriptive  anatomical  parts  of  the  text  are 
many  considerations  and  suggestions  of  interest  to  others  than 
morphologists.  We  may  mention  the  view  expressed  in  sev- 
eral places  (pp.  14,  27,  28,  29)  that  the  pterygote  thorax  has 
not  evolved  from  that  of  the  apterygotes,  a  review  of  the  num- 
ber and  position  of  the  spiracles  (pp.  37-40),  the  rejection  of 
the  idea  that  the  past  existence  of  paranotal  prothoracic  lobes 
meant  insects  with  three  pairs  of  wings  (p.  44),  the  correlation 
of  the  predominance  of  either  pair  of  wings  (meso-or  meta- 
thoracic)  with  the  positions  of  the  phragmata  (p.  50),  the 
mechanism  of  the  wing-bearing  tergum  (pp.  56,  66-69),  the 
views  that  the  one-jointed  trochanter  of  most  insects  is  due 
to  a  fusion  of  two  trochanteral  segments  originally  correspond- 
ing to  the  basipodite  and  ischiopodite  of  crustaceans  and  chilo- 


XXXviii,    '27  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 

pods  (pp.  80,  (J3)*  that  the  tarsus,  as  the  propodite  of  tilt- 
generalized  arthropod  limb,  was  originally  a  single  segment, 
which  became  divided  and  standardized  as  five  segments  in 
adult  I'terygota  other  than  the  (  Monata.  so  that  numbers  be- 
tween one  and  five  may  represent  either  progressive  increase 
or  retrogressive  loss  (p.  81).  \Ve  may  stop  with  two  quota- 
tions from  the  closing  pages:  "The  larva;  of  more  general- 
ized adults  are  likely  to  have  acquired  many  adult  characters, 
while  those  of  more  highly  specialized  adults  may  be  of  an 
earlier  ontogenetic  stage  and,  consequently,  may  retain  more 
primitive  characters The  distinctive  character  of  in- 
sects began  with  the  development  of  the  thorax  as  the  loco- 
motor  centre  of  the  body  ...  (p.  98). — P.  P.  CALVERT. 

ECONOMIC  BIOLO<;Y  FOR  STUDENTS  OF  SOCIAL  SCIENCE.  By 
PHILIPPA  C.  ESDAILE,  D.  Sc.  (Manchester),  Reader  in 
Biology  in  the  University  of  London  King's  College  for  Wom- 
en, Household  and  Social  Science  Dept.  Part  I.  Harmful 
and  Useful  Animals  with  150  illustrations  specially  prepared 
by  the  author.  London,  University  of  London  Press,  Ltd. 
1927.  22x14.5  cm.,  pp.  xv,  175.  7s.  6cl. — The  author  says 
that  the  two  parts  of  this  work  are  "really  a  kind  of  Materia 
Domestica,  a  collection  of  facts  concerning  certain  animals  and 
plants  which  are,  or  may  be,  closely  associated  with  man  and 
his  household  ....  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  there  is  no  text- 
book on  Economic  Biology  for  students  of  Social  Science." 
Insects  occupy  pp.  50-145.  Arachnida  pp.  146-155;  in  addition, 
the  mosquitoes  are  dealt  with  on  pp.  10-18  in  Chapter  I,  Pro- 
tozoa. In  most  cases  formal  classification  and  keys  are 
omitted,  but  the  species  discussed  are  grouped  under  the  usual 
taxonomic  orders.  Descriptions  of  the  commoner  species  of 
household,  disease-conveying  and  beneficial  insects  (e.g.,  silk 
worm,  lac  insects,  parasitic  Hymenoptera),  their  life-histories 
and  the  methods  of  control  of  the  injurious  species  are  given. 
The  details  of  some  of  the  illustrations  are  not  always  accu- 
rate (c.  </.,  the  chaetotaxy  of  Calliphora  erythrocephala,  p.  137). 
The  text  is  interestingly  written  and  the  book  should  be  helpful 
to  those  for  whom  it  is  intended.  The  final  chapter.  XTY,  is 
on  "The  general  care  of  the  person  and  the  house"  (pp.  1 5o- 
160),  followed  by  a  glossary,  pp.  1M-167,  and  an  index,  pp. 
169-175.— P.  P.  CALVERT. 

*In  a  letter  of  Sept.  1.  \()27,  Mr.  Snod»rass  writes:  "I  forgot 
to  mention  that  in  making  homologies  of  leu  Moments  an  extra  se.u- 
mcnt,  tlie  'patella,'  must  he  a.vMimed  in  >piders.  /.iiiiiilu.t  and 
Pycnogonida." 


258  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

Doings  of  Societies. 

The   American   Entomological   Society. 

Meeting  of  March  24,  1927,  at  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Mr.  R.  C.  Williams  presiding;  thir- 
teen members  and  visitors  were  present. 

Mr.  Enburg  was  elected  to  resident  membership.  An  invi- 
tation was  read,  inviting  the  Society  to  participate  in  the  10th 
International  Congress  of  Zoology  to  be  held  in  Budapest. 

The  communication  of  the  evening  was  given  by  Mr.  Rehn, 
on  the  Utah  Expedition.  Mr.  Rehn  showed  how  he  and  Mr. 
Hebard  had  endeavored  to  further  their  studies  in  the  distri- 
bution of  insects,  particularly  Orthoptera,  and  to  trace 
geographical  variations.  The  places  and  methods  of  collecting 
were  well  illustrated. 

ODONATA  AND  GENERAL. — Dr.  Calvert  exhibited  the  male 
type  of  the  dragonfly,  Calof>tcry.r  inacitlala  floridana,  the  new 
subspecies  recently  described  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Huggins  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  Society  (Vol.  52,  pp.  355-364).  In  this 
connection  he  called  attention  to  a  passage  in  Prof.  R.  Hesse's 
Tier  geographic  auf  okologischer  Grundlagc  (Jena,  Gustav 
Fischer,  1924),  page  392,  translated  as  follows:  "In  homoio- 
•  thermal  animals  the  same  species  attains  a  larger  size  in  colder 
than  in  warmer  localities,  or  the  larger  species  among  those 
nearly  related  inhabit  the  colder  climate.  This  is  in  sharp 
contrast  to  the  behavior  of  the  poikilothermal  animals,  as  rep- 
tiles and  amphibians,  which  are  smaller  in  colder  localities. 
This  statement  has  been  termed  Bergmann's  Rule  after  its 
discoverer  and  formulator".  The  paper  in  which  Carl  Berg- 
mann  laid  down  this  rule  is  entitled  Ucbcr  die  /  'crlniltnissc 
dcr  Wdrmeokonomie  dcr  Thicrc  zu  Hirer  (rrosse,  published 
in  the  Goitinger  Stitdicn  von  August  Bernard  Krische  at 
Gottingen  in  1847,  pp.  598-708.  The  recent  Union  List  of 
Serials  in  the  Libraries  of  tlic  United  States  and  Canada  men- 
tions only  two  copies  of  these  Studien  as  being  in  the  United 
States,  one  in  the  library  of  Columbia  University,  New  York- 
City,  the  other  in  the  University  of  Washington,  at  Seattle. 
The  speaker  has  not  examined  Bergmann's  article.  The 


xxxviii,  '27]  EXTOMOLOC.ICAL  NEWS 

formulation  of  the  facts  in  regard  to  the  distribution  of 
mammals  and  birds  has.  in  the  United  States,  usually  been 
associated  with  the  late  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen.  Allen's  essay,  The 
Influence  of  Physical  Conditions  in  the  (ienesis  of  Species 
(Smithson.  Kept,  for  1905),  reprinted  from  the  Radical  Re- 
view of  1877,  does  not  refer  to  Bergmann  or  to  any  other 
earlier  author.  The  case  of  Caloplcry.v  inaciilata  floridana,  a 
poikili  (thermal  animal,  agrees  with  1  '.ergmann's  Rule  as  above 
stated. 

Meeting  of  April  26,  1927.  in  the  same  place,  Mr.  Williams 
presiding;  lifteen  members  and  visitors  were  present. 

It  was  suggested  in  an  informal  report  of  the  Collecting 
Trip  Committee  that  the  schedules  of  the  Leidy  Microscopical 
Club  be  followed. 

Mr.  Carl  Lorup  was  elected  to  resident  membership. 

Mr.  Cresson  read  a  notice,  in  the  Reading  Eagle,  of  the  ap- 
pointment of  Mr.  Herman  Hornig  as  curator  of  the  Mengel 
Collection,  recently  given  to  the  Reading  (Pa.)  Museum  and 
Art  Gallery  by  Dr.  Levi  W.  Mengel.  It  was  approved,  on 
motion,  that  a  letter  of  congratulation  be  sent  to  Mr.  Hornig. 

Mr.  Williams  appointed  a  committee  of  three,  Rehn,  Cal- 
vert  and  Cresson,  Jr.,  on  the  subject  of  American  objections 
to  the  propositions  of  Dr.  Poche  of  Vienna,  concerning  Zoolog- 
ical Nomenclature. 

Mr.  Williams  suggested  that  the  Society  sponsor  an  entomo- 
logical exhibit,  to  be  held  in  the  Academy  and  asked  members 
to  contribute  interesting  material. 

LEPIDOPTERA. — Mr.  Frank  M.  Jones  gave  the  communica- 
tion ol"  the  evening  on  "Observations  on  Tliyridopt  rry.r  ephem- 
erae fonnls."  Although  considerable  work  has  been  done  on 
the  life  history  of  this  insect,  the  results  are  somewhat  con- 
flicting, especially  regarding  the  possibility  of  parthenogenesis. 
The  insect  was  first  noted  in  America  in  1767.  Mr.  Jones' 
talk  was  well  illustrated  by  excellent  slides  prepared  by  himself, 
showing  various  Mages  of  the  insect,  especially  at  mating.  A 
vote  of  thanks  was  given  to  Mr.  Jones  for  his  interesting 
communication. 


260  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

Meeting  of  May  26,  1927,  in  the  same  place,  Mr.  Williams 
presiding ;  eleven  members  and  visitors  were  present. 

Mr.  Vernon  S.  L.  Pate  was  elected  to  resident  membership. 
According  to  the  recommendation  of  the  committee  appointed 
to  consider  the  letter  of  Dr.  C.  W.  Stiles,  dated  April  11, 
1927,  on  the  subject  "American  referendum,  re :  American 
objections  to  Dr.  Poche's  (Vienna)  propositions  in  Zoological 
Nomenclature."  the  Society  adopted  the  following  resolution 
to  be  sent  to  Dr.  Stiles : 

The  American  Entomological  Society  requests  the  Inter- 
national Commission  on  Zoological  Nomenclature  to  consider 
the  propositions  made  by  Dr.  Poche  and  report  to  the  Tenth 
International  Zoological  Congress  (or  if  not  possible  then,  to 
the  Eleventh  Congress)  such  modifications  in  the  International 
Rules  of  Zoological  Nomenclature  and  in  the  procedure  of  the 
Commission  as  may  seem  desirable  to  the  latter  body. 

In  view  of  the  complexity  of  the  questions  involved  in  Dr. 
Poche's  propositions  and  the  confidence  which  this  Society 
feels  in  the  International  Commission  on  Zoological  Nomen- 
clature, it  believes  that  the  decision  can  best  be  made  by  the 
Commission  in  the  light  of  its  wide  experience. 

ORTHOPTERA. — Mr.  Rehn  made  a  few  remarks  on  the 
species  of  the  Acridid  genus  Microtylopteryx,  exhibiting  speci- 
mens of  all  five  species,  four  Costa  Rican  and  one  Panamanian. 
Slides  of  representative  habitats  of  certain  of  the  species  were 

shown. 

R.  J.  TITHERINGTON,  Recording  Secretary. 


OBITUARY. 

OLIVER  ERICHSON  JANSON,  specialist  on  the  Coleopterous 
group  of  the  Cetoniinae  of  the  world,  died  at  Highgate,  Eng- 
land, November  25,  1926,  in  his  76th  year.  He  was  a  son 
of  Edward  Wesley  Janson  with  whom  he  was  long  associated 
as  dealers  in  entomological  specimens,  supplies  and  books,  a 
business  which  is  continued  by  his  two  sons  at  44  Great  Rus- 
sell St.,  Bloomsbury,  London.  His  own  collecting  was  done 
chiefly  in  Britain,  Iceland  and  Ireland.  An  obituary  notice 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  261 

and  portrait  is  in  the  Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine  for 
January  last. 

GEORCE  TAYLOR  POKRJTT,  a  member  of  the  editorial  staff 
of  the  same  Magazine,  active  in  the  study  of  I'.ritish  Lepidop- 
tera.  <  )rthoptera  and  the  Xeuropteroids,  died  January  21,  1927, 
in  the  79th  year  of  his  age.  Obituary  notices  and  portraits 
are  in  the  April  numbers  of  the  E.  -I/.  M.  and  the  Entomoloyisl. 

JULIUS  SEELHORST  MEVES,  Swedish  lepidopterist,  born  at 
Gottingen,  October  17,  1844,  died  at  Sodertalje,  August  30, 
1926.  An  obituary,  portrait  and  bibliography  are  in  Entomol- 
o(jisk  Tidskrift,  volume  47,  pp.  248-251. 

LEON  DIC.UET,  naturalist  and  explorer  of  Mexico  (1SS')_ 
1<M3)  and  Oregon  (1S95-),  died  at  Paris,  August  31.  1926. 
He  was  born  at  Havre,  France,  July  25,  1859.  His  collec- 
tions, including  insects,  were  made  for  the  Paris  Museum,  in 
whose  Bulletin  for  192(>.  Xo.  6,  a  brief  account  of  his  life 


is  given. 


The  death  of  PROF.  CHARLES  FULLER  BAKER,  on  July  21, 
1927,  was  announced  in  Science  for  July  29.  He  was  born  at 
Lansing,  Michigan,  March  22,  1872,  received  the  B.  S.  from 
Michigai)  Agricultural  College  in  1892  and  the  A.  M.  from 
Stanford  University  in  1903.  He  was  successively  connected 
as  xoologist,  entomologist,  teacher  or  curator  with  the  Michigan 
(1891-2)  and  Colorado  (1892-7)  Agricultural  Colleges.  Ala- 
bama Polytechnic  and  Experiment  Station  (1897-9),  Central 
High  School  of  St.  Louis  (  1899-1901),  Pomona  College,  Cali- 
fornia (1903-04,  08-12),  the  Experiment  Station  at  Santiago, 
Cuba  (1904-07),  the  Museu  Goeldi.  Para  (1907-08),  the 
University  of  the  Philippines  (1912  on),  the  Botanical  Gar- 
dens, Singapore  (1917-18)  and  was  botanist  on  the  H.  H. 
Smith  expedition  to  the  Santa  Marta  Mountains.  Colombia 
(  1898-99).  He  also  was  editor  or  served  on  editorial  boards, 
ofCfl  number  of  scientific  journals. 

Among  his  entomological  papers  are  A  Preliminary  List  of 
the  Hemiptcra  of  Colorado,  in  association  with  Prof.  C.  P. 
(iillette  (1895),  -/  Revision  of  American  Siplionapfera  (l'H)4). 
1  lie  Classification  of  .linerican  \i[>lnni<if>feni  (1905),  ./  Shufy 
of  the  Calorification  of  l:ieits  nota  (1912),  etc.  He  published 
a  series  of  leaflets  entitled  Inrerlehrata  I'acifica,  paged  contin- 


262  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '27 

uously,  listing  species  of  insects  which  he  collected  on  the 
Pacific  slope  of  North  and  Central  America.  To  a  criticism 
by  Dr.  Henry  Skinner  (Ent.  News,  xvi.  p.  239),  of  this  mode 
of  publication,  Prof.  Baker  made  a  vigorous  reply  (t.  c.,  pp. 
264-270,  1905),  in  which  is  included  a  list  of  the  contents  of 
the  first  seven  issues  of  this  work.  A  note  in  Science  for 
August  5  states  that  by  his  will  "his  zoological  collection,  com- 
prising more  than  50,000  specimens,  has  been  given  to  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  and  collections  of  less  extent  to  the 
universities  of  Berlin,  London,  Madrid,  Paris,  Moscow  and 
Vienna."  An  appreciation,  by  Colin  G.  Welles,  chiefly  of  his 
work  as  Dean  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  of  the  University 
of  the  Philippines,  has  appeared  in  Science  for  Sept.  9. — P.  P. 
CALVERT. 

A  biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  ALFRED  MOLLER,  mycologist, 
known  among  entomologists  for  his  observations  and  experi- 
ments on  the  fungi  cultivated  on  leaf  fragments  by  leaf-cutting 
ants  in  Brazil,  is  published  in  the  9tes  Heft  of  Hausschwamm 
Forscliniujcn  (Jena,  Fischer,  1927).  It  is  accompanied  by  a 
portrait.  Moller  was  a  grand-nephew  of  Fritz  Miiller,  and 
was  born  in  Berlin,  August,  1860,  and  died  at  Eberswalde, 
November,  1922.  In  1915-1920  he  published  an  edition  of 
Fritz  Milllers  U'crkc  Bricfc  itnd  Lcbcn  (3  vols.,  Jena,  Fischer). 

The  death  of  KARL  B ALDUS,  assistant  in  the  zoological  insti- 
tute, University  of  Heidelberg,  on  June  26,  was  announced 
in  Science  for  August  5.  He  had  recently  published  (1924) 
three  important  articles  on  Odonata :  Untcrsuchinigcn  itber  Bait  I 
mid  Fnitktion  des  Gehirnes  dcr  Larve  it.  Imago  von  Lib  ell  en 
(Zeitschr.  wiss.  Zool.  Bd.  121,  p.  557-620,  2  taf.),  Expcri- 
mcntelle  Untersuchungcn  iiber  die  Entfernungslokalisation  dcr 
Libcllcn  (Acschna  cyaiica)  (Zeitschr.  vergl.  Physiol.  Bd.  3, 
p.  475-505,  13  figg.)  ;  and  under  the  same  title  in  Die  Natur- 
wissenschaften,  Jahrg.  12,  p.  725-726. 

The  death  of  M.  L.  GEDOELST,  professor  at  the  Veterinary 
School  at  Cureghem,  Belgium,  known  for  his  publications  on 
the  larvae  of  Oestridae,  was  announced  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Entomological  Society  of  Belgium,  March  5,  1927,  but  with- 
out further  particulars. 


NEW  ADDRESS 

FOR  SUBSCRIPTIONS  FOR  1928  NOW  PAYABLE 
See  next  page. 

NOVEMBER,  1927 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XXXVIII  No.  9 


JAMH.S  H.   B.   BLAND, 
1833-1411 

• 

CONTENTS 

Gunder — Transition  Forms  (Lepid.,  Rhopalocera) '.  263 

Fulton — Concerning  some  Published  Statements  on  the  Habits  of  the 

European  Earwig  (Orthoptera  :  Forficulidae) 272 

Graenicher — On  the  Biology  of  the  Parasitic  Bees  of  the  Genus  Coe- 

lioxys  (Hymen.,  Megachilidae) 273 

Herrick— Two  New  Species  of  Thrips  (Thysanoptera) 276 

Fall — The  North  American  Species  of  I' .-bin.1-  (Coleoptera,  Dytisreidae)  2S1 

Exhibition  of  Lepidoptera 285 

Change  of  Address 285 

New  Building  at  Fayetteville ?St; 

The  Kansas  Entomological  Society.  L'Sfi 

Half-Larvae  of  Flies  Obtained  by  Ligaturing  Eggs  ( Diptera  :  Muscidae)  286 

Entomological  Literature 2N6 

Review — Bischoff's  Biologie  der  Hymenopteren  :'!''_' 

Review— Garman's  Odonata  of  Connecticut L".»4 

Obituary — George  Charles  Champion 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

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Advisory  Committtee  :  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr. 

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ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIII. 


Plate  V. 


NEW     TRANSITION      FORMS GUNDER. 


PLATE  A. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIII. 


Plate  VI. 


Euphy.  phaeton 

transition  fora  superba  (Stkr. );  ALEIFUS.ISM 


Euphy. phaeton  (Dru.); 

transition  forir  streckeri  (Ellsw.);  MELARIFUSISM 


PLATE   B. 


SEQUENCE    OF    TRANSITION     FORMS GUNDER. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIII. 


Plate  VII. 


Euphy. chalcedona    (D.&   H. ), 

transition  forir   fusiiracula    (Barnes);    ALBIFUSISM 


TVPE 


_  Eutky. ckalcedona  (D.&  H.  ) , 

transition   fortr  mariana    (Barnes);    MSLANJFUSISM 


TYPE 


SEQUENCE    OK    TRANSITION     FORMS GUNDER. 


PLATE   C. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIII. 


Plate  VIII. 


3 

PARA-        ^ 

TYPE 

4 

i.  virginiensis    (Dru.),  TYPE 

tr.f.simmsi    (Gum);    MELANIFUSISM 


tr.  f  .ahnashtee    (Fox) ;  '  itBIFTISISM 


(L.  ), 
ea(»aro/st     (Grin.  )- 


PLATE    D. 


SEQUENCE    OF    TRANSITION     FORMS GUNDER. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIII. 


Plate  IX. 


T 

'TY  PE 
—  Cyn.  cardui  (1. ) 


4^£ 
\i  (Samfc.);  ALBIFUSISM 


uyn»cuf_ye       \h  DH  •   )  J 

tr.f.*t««Uert    (letch.);    ALBIFUSISM 


SEQUENCE    OF    TRANSITION    FORMS GUNDER. 


PLATE  E. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XXXVIII. 


Plate  X. 


1.     SPECIES—  ... 

A  prime   group   oj  individuals   reproducing   thfir   own   in   kind. 


SPEt 


2.     RACE  —  (Subspecies  &  "variety"   being  synonymous)         ..... 

.1    digressing    near-by    group   nr   n   separate    tar-away    grn:ip    ui    individuals    reproducing    Ihnr    n--n 
in    kind    which    art-    constantly   similar    In.    y?t    consistently    atypical    oi.    a    predftermined    group. 


3.     FORMS— 


LOCAL   FORM- 

A  cognate  form  whose  congenial  habitat  is  definitely  restricted  to  segregated 
localities  within  the  range  oj  a  race  or  species  and  generally  contagious  to 
them;  i.  e..  altitude  in  confined  desert  l/jrnn. 

GENERAL  FORM- 

A  jorm  occurring  quite  generally  throughout  the  range  oj  a  species  or  a  race. 
This  term  is  much  abused,  names  being  given  on  slight  provocation  usually 
"representing  pacific  character  variance  understood  by  original  author." 


F. 


SEASONAL    FORM- 


F.  I'ERN.  or  F.  A 


Forms    occurring    within    a    species    or    race    only    at    certain    periods    oj    the    year. 

SEXUAL  FORM-          .........  F  $  01 

^  Forms   belonging   to   one  sex   only. 

Deviating,  cognate  individuals  or  group  oj  individuals  bred  continually  nr  at  cyclic  periods 
within  a  species  or  within  a  race  and  which  are,  as  a  rule,  practically  counterparts  oj  one 
another. 


*4.     TRANSITION   FORM—     ........... 

(Normal    form--/'.    i\ORM..    may    be    used    in    contradistinction) 

Individuals  which  occur  irregularly  within  a  species  or  within  a  race  and  which  by  change  oj 
color  or  by  change  oj  pattern  graduate  with  persistent  characteristic  similarity  jrom  near 
parental  type  up  to  definitely  limited  variation  away  jrom  parental  type.  These  may  be 
classified  for  retention  of  names  as  follows: 


Change    of   Color 


r  melanism  —  to   black 
J   chrpmatism—  to    any    spectrum    color 
I   albinism  —  to    white 
[_f  ellucidism  —  lacking   color,   iridescent 


{immaculism  —  lacking   design 
albifnsism—  white    design    radiation 
cnromatitusism  —  color   a  f  sign   radiation 
melunif  usism  —  black    design    radiation 

HYBRID—         ...............         H 

Frogemy    which    have    the    combined    essential    characteristics    oj    parents    each    unlike    in    specific 
character   relation.      (See   Zoo.    Nom.    Rulings    ic.    their    designation.) 


HERMAPRODITES,  DWARFS  &  GIANTS,  PIGMENTAL  FLUID  MISPLACE- 
MENTS DUE  TO  CRAMPED  (:)  PUPA  SHELL.  VENATION  MALFORMA- 
TIONS, CHRYSLAS  BURNS.  WING  DISTORTIONS  WITH  RESULTING 
PATTERN  CHANGE,  RUBBED  SPECIMENS,  SCALELESS,  MONSTROSITIES. 
DECREASING  OR  KILLING  COLOR  CHANGE,  FADES,  INVERTED  WINGS, 
PARASITIC  WING  PUNCTURES  and  all  so-called  freaks,  aberrations,  illforms, 
malforms,  deforms  and  sports. 

Names  given  to  specimens  which  vary  jrom  normal  due  to  the  above  listed  lepidopleric 
inflictions  jail  into  the  synonymy  and  have  no  classification  rating  by  rank  in  check 
lists  or  catalogues. 


'in   formal   description,   the   terms   shown    in    red   italics    arc   generally    followed    with    the   abbreviation    not;.,    nica 
new;   i.  e.,  species   nov.,  race  nov.,  f.  tr.   not/.,   etc.     To  mingle   in   or   use   the   general    words   variety  or  form   i 
BROAD    SENSE    OF    MEANING    when    describing    in    formal    language    is    indefinite,    confusing    and    coll  I 
Old   time   authors   were   not   particular   in    this    regard,    hence   there   is   considerable   confusion    about    their   classil  I 
captions    and   just    what    lepidopterk    iai;k    they    intended    for    their    new    specimens. 


PLATE   F. 


POSITION     OF    TRANSITION     FORMS 
IN    CLASSIFICATION  -  GUNDER. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XXXVIII         NOVEMBER,    1927  No.  9 

Transition  Forms  (Lepid.,  Rhopalocera). 

By  J.  D.  G UNDER,  Pasadena,  California. 
(Plates   V-X). 

The  transition  forms  of  the  order  Lepidoptera  represent 
the  most  tangible  and  discernible  evidence  we  ^can  offer  of 
gradual  evolutionary  change  taking  place  within  any  of  the 
orders  of  the  insect  class.  Other  popular  groups,  such  as 
Diptera,  Coleoptera,  Hymenoptera,  etc.,  record  little  available 
material  along  corresponding  lines.  Their  great  families  seem 
to  have  remained  longer  constant  through  the  decades  and 
their  present-day  specimens  evince  small  advance  alteration 
of  color  or  pattern  as  compared  with  the  kindred  subdivisions 
of  Lepidoptera  when  it  is  considered  that  all  have  been  sub- 
ject to  the  Earth's  more  recent  geographic  and  climatic  changes. 
Lepidoptera  may  therefore  be  considered  as  among  the  newer 
orders  because  of  their  more  tender  subjectivity  and  more 
obvious  state  of  flux.  For  this  reason  zoologists  in  recent 
years  have  been  more  inclined  to  recognize  and  allow  greater 
flexibility  or  subdivision  of  classification  for  this  order. 

Moths  are  generally  more  constant  than  butterflies,  at  least 
their  variants  have  been  less  recorded  or  are  less  noticeable. 
Transition  forms  of  butterflies  are  the  occasionally  occurring, 
ultra-developed  forerunners,  prematurely  representative  of  a 
potential  posterity,  which  by  forcing  an  average  of  their  style 
upon  their  kind,  eventually  produce  a  slightly  different  type  of 
butterfly  not  unlike  unto  themselves.  Some  of  these  specimens 
are  of  extremely  futuristic  design,  while  others  are  only  slight 
advances  beyond  the  mean  of  their  parentage:  (See  plates 
VI-IX.).  The  law  of  average  controls  prospective  modifica- 
tion, so  one  cannot  say  the  extreme  types  furthest  away  from 
normal,  now  found  in  transition  forms,  will  predominate; 
rather,  it  is  surmised  that  the  intermediate  grades  will  survive 
to  be  represented  in  the  next  era.  Whether  the  tentative  de- 

263 


264  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Nov.,    '27 

velopment  is  progressive  or  retrogressive  depends  upon  the 
stability  of  the  present  habitat.  Should  the  environmental 
change  be  unusually  rapid,  the  colony  is  lost;  should  time  allow 
adaptability,  it  survives,  barring  of  course  other  natural  causes 
of  elimination.  Likewise  a  long  period  of  no  change  over  an 
area  sustains  and  increases  a  colony.  This  is  the  case  at  the 
broad,  flat  equator  where  insects  rarely  change,  only  multiply, 
and  where  transition  forms  are  scarce,  if  any  exist.  So  it  is 
in  the  two  temperate  or  variable  zones  that  most  change  oc- 
curs and  phases  of  these  forms  may  be  looked  for  more  com- 
monly. With  our  present  knowledge,  it  is  impossible  to  state 
positively  that  any  one  particular  group  of  our  butterflies  are 
either  progressing  or  retrogressing,  however  the  abundance  of 
one  type  of  transition  form  over  another  may  give  a  hint.  \Ye 
know  for  example  there  are  captured  many  times  more  speci- 
mens of  Euf>hy.  phaeton  and  chalcedona  showing  albifusism 
than  melanifusism.  This  evidently  predicts  a  lighter-patterned 
progeny  in  their  future.  Whether  it  represents  reversion  to 
a  pre-existent  status  or  conversion  to  an  entirely  new  design 
is  problematical.  However,  I  do  not  believe  there  is  much  evi- 
dence ever  of  an  extended  or  total  reversion  in  nature ;  every- 
thing points  to  a  greater  complexity  of  organism  keeping  pace 
with  the  maturity  of  all  earthly  life.  Progressive  and  retrogres- 
sive development  is  manifest  by  transition  forms  in  two  very 
general  ways ;  one  which  tends  to  step-up  color  sequence  or 
add  design,  the  other  which  tends  to  reverse  color  sequence  or 
suppress  design.  Occasionally  both  tendencies  are  observed 
in  one  individual  which  is  interesting,  but  which  has  no  spe- 
cial significance  other  than  illustrating  what  was  produced  by 
the  chance  union  of  opposite  well-developed  transition  forms. 
The  ordinary  color  gradation  in  palfearctic  butterflies  is  through 
white,  cream/  yellow,  orange  to'  red  and  reverse.  Beyond  this 
range,  we  do  not  know  if  the  order  of  a  known  spectrum  is 
followed  or  not,  nor  just  where  the  division  of  pigmental  and 
refracted  colors  of  scaling  starts.  Regarding  design  change, 
the  same  tendencies  of  fusion,  broadening,  radiation,  exten- 
sion or  reverse,  or  what  ever  vou  mav  call  it,  occurs  in  all  the 


xxxviii,  '27}  KXToMoLor.icAL    M-:\VS  265 

families  from  the  Papilionidae  to  the  I  lesperiidae.  Sometime^ 
this  radiation  is  outward,  though  usually  inward,  depending 
upon  the  present  condition  of  the  particular  family  under  ob- 
servation. Melanism  should  not  he  mistaken  for  melani  fusism  : 
the  former  usually  over-casts  without  design  change,  while  in 
the  latter,  the  design  itself  changes.  The  same  difference  also 
applies  to  chromatism  and  alhinism  in  distinction  to  chromati- 
fusism  and  alhifusism.  (Note  classification  order  on  Plate  X  ). 
In  sorting  out  and  classifying  the  transition  forms  to 
which  names  have  been  given  up  to  date,  T  find  that  practi- 
cally all  these  specimens  have  been  listed  in  catalogues  and 
check-lists  under  the  term  "ah."  [erration.]  Also  placed  under 
this  term,  with  evident  equality  by  some  authors  and  systema- 
tists.  are  found  named  "freaks",  "dwarfs",  "mal  forms"  and 
various  kinds  of  physically  injured  and  ill-shaped  specimens 
which  should  not  be  recognized  by  a  created  denominative  any- 
more than  a  six-toed,  pock-marked  or  birth-marked  human  be- 
ing is  deserving  of  a  special,  specific  title  for  classification. 
Diagnosis  of  the  condition  of  these  specimens  places  them  in  a 
totally  different  category  from  transition  forms,  though  some 
have  a  superficial  resemblance,  especially  some  distorted  wing 
specimens  which  may  have  a  protogenic  analogy.  Author^ 
giving  names  to  such  off  specimens  are  not  so  much  to  be 
blamed,  considering  what  the  meaning  of  the  term  ''ab."  really 
is.  A  summary  of  dictionary  definitions  of  "aberration"  is— 
"A  •;cti/n!ci-iii(/  deviation  from  what  is  riifJil,  natural:  a  mental 
(or  pliysical)  tlisunlcr".  The  very  meaning  of  the  word,  as  it 
stands  in  our  lists,  invites  authors  to  name  "freakish"  speci- 
mens!! (See  paragraph  of  mal-lepidopteric  symptoms  on 
Plate  X).  Tt  may  be  pointed  out,  therefore,  that  "ab."  is  a 
poor  excuse  of  a  word  to  represent  in  this  day  and  age1  a  recog- 
ni/ed  division  ofclassification  in  our  Lepidoptera.  It  is  really 
an  old  time,  lay  medical  expression,  first  applied  by  early  en- 
tomologies to  what  they  thought  were  freakish  specimens  of 
little  biological  value  or  to  any  specimens  which  thev  could  not 
place  directly  in  their  cabinets  under  a  species  or  subspecies. 
ANYTHING,  they  could  not  place,  was  an  "ab."!!  So  the 


266  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Nov.,    '27 

word  has  been  handed  down  to  us,  for  the  most  part  an  un- 
challenged expression,  but  it  is  hoped  that  by  discussion  and 
study,  it  will  come  into  its  own  true  meaning  once  again  and 
therefore  become  applicable  only  for  vernacular  designation 
of  such  specimens  as  exist  outside  the  pale  of  possible  sys- 
tematic classification. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  V. 
Fig.   A.     Papilio  glaucus   L.,  form   turnus   L.,   tr.   f.  dietzi 

f.   tr.   nov. 

Similar  to  Pap.  machaon,  race  britannicns,  tr.  f.  ci'ittata 
Spengel,  as  illustrated  by  Verity.  Here  there  occurs  a  shading 
out  or  loss  of  the  black  maculation  through  the  limbal  areas 
on  both  wings  and  on  both  surfaces.  With  the;  disappearance 
of  the  black  on  the  secondaries,  the  blues  and  reds  show  more 
conspicuously  on  the  yellow  ground  color. 

Classification  :  Transition  form  ;  immaculism,  a  medium  de- 
velopment. 

Data:  Holotype  9,  expanse  88mm.  Van  Courtland  Park, 
New  York,  (H.  Dietz),  June  26,  1910.  Deposited  for  future 
safe-keeping  by  Mr.  Dietz  in  the  coll.  of  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York  City.  I  take  pleasure 
in  naming  this  fine  representative  specimen  after  that  gentle- 
man. 

Fig  B.     Papilio  glaucus  L.,  form  turnus  L.,  tr.  f.  gerhardi 

f.  tr.  nov. 

Similar  in  design  change  to  flctchcri  Kemp  (see  ill.,  Can. 
Ent,  Vol.  XXII,  p.  204,  fig.  11)  in  that  the  black  maculation 
on  both  upper  and  under  sides  radiates  considerably  inward, 
especially  through  the  limbal  areas  on  the  secondaries  and 
through  the  cell  and  apical  areas  on  the  primaries.  This 
specimen  is  noticeably  larger  and  of  a  deeper  yellow  than 
flctchcri  type  which  measures  only  75mm.  This  size  and 
color  also  make  the  corresponding  difference  between  turn  us 
and  race  canadcnsis. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  melanifusism,  well  de- 
veloped. 

Data:     Holotype    $,   expanse   94mm.      Evansville,    Indiana 


xxxviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\\S  267 

(Evans),  no  date.  In  Strecker  Coll.,  Field  Museum. 
Chicago.  I  take  great  pleasure  in  naming  this  beautiful  tr. 
f.  after  my  old  friend.  \Ym.  Gerhard,  of  the  Field  Museum, 
because  his  real  kindness  and  untiring  energy  has  given  to 
him  the  respect  of  all. 

Note:  Through  the  help  of  Dr.  McDunimugh  of  <  )ttawa, 
I  located  the  type  of  flctclicri  Kemp  in  the  Strecker  Coll. 
It  is  a  tr.  f.  of  race  canadcnsis  R.  &  J.  Another  much  more 
developed  phase  of  flctclicri  is  also  in  the  Strecker  Coll., 
labeled  Orillia,  Out.,  Dec.  1896.  The  Academy  Coll.  at 
Philadelphia  contains  a  specimen  labeled  White  River,  Out., 
and  in  the  Barnes  Coll.  there  are  two  labeled  Bay  of  Fundy 
and  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Fig.  C.  Papilio  rutulus  Luc.,  tr.  f.  fannyae  f.  tr.  nov. 
Similar  to  tr.  f.  flctclicri  of  race  canadcnsis  of  Pap.  turnus, 
also  to  tr.  f.  radiatus  of  Pa/',  troilus  and  others,  in  which  the 
black  maculation  of  the  limbal  areas  of  both  surfaces  radiates 
inward,  more  especially  on  the  secondaries  and  through  the 
apical  and  cell  areas  of  the  primaries. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  melanifusism,  a  well 
marked  amount. 

Data:  Holotype  $,  expanse  90mm.  Yoncalla,  Oregon 
(Rees),  June  10,  1926.  In  Author's  Coll.  Named  after 
Mrs.  Guilder,  my  wife. 

Note:  M.  LeCerf  of  the  Paris  Museum  has  very  kindly 
sent  a  description  (see  Bull.  Mus.  Nat.  Mist.  Paris,  Suppl.  t. 
2,  25,  1912)  and  upper  and  under  side  photos  of  his  hospi- 
tonina.  I  find  this  type  specimen  is  not  a  transition  form, 
but  a  case  of  wing  distortion  which  has  blunted  the  apex  of 
the  primaries  and  also  very  slightly  deformed  the  maculation 
and  wing  shapes.  It  is  a  "freak"  which  has  been  mistaken 
for  a  tr.  form  and  therefore  its  name  should  fall  as  a  synonym 
directly  under  the  species  rutulus. 

Fig.   I).     Papilio  eurymedon   Luc.,   form   albanus    F.   &   F., 

tr.   f.  columbiana   t".  tr.  nov. 

Similar  to  tr.  f.  flctclicri  of  race  canadcnsis  of  Pap.  turnus 
and  also  to  others  where  the  black  maculation  radiates  inward 
on  both  surfaces  through  the  limbal  areas.  In  this  specimen 


268  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Nov.,    '27 

the  extension  of  the  hlack  is  more  noticeable  on  the  primaries 
in  and  near  the  cell  areas. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  melanifusism,  a  medium 
development  only. 

Data:  Holotype  <5  ,  expanse  85mm.  Kaslo,  British  Col- 
umbia, Canada  (Cockle),  June  28,  1925.  In  Author's  Coll. 

Note:  A  translation  of  the  description  of  form  albaints 
F.  &  F.  lays  stress  principally  upon  the  light  ground  color, 
smallness,  etc.,  without  decided  reference  to  the  black  macula- 
tion.  Form  albanns  is  therefore  considered  a  northern  general 
form  of  cnryinctioii,  for  to  the  southward,  the  ground  color 
becomes  more  creamy  or  yellow.  Comstock  figures  a  speci- 
men of  form  albaints  from  my  coll.  which  is  really  a  first 
phase  of  this  tr.  f.,  though  with  not  quite  so  much  black  fused. 
Tr.  f.  cockle  i  Gun.  is  a  case  of  melanism  (black  overcasting 
without  design  change),  whereas  this  specimen  is  a  case  of 
melanifusism. 

Figs.   E.  and  El.     Papilio  philenor  L.,  race   hirsuta   Skinn. 
(under   side   half-fig.    e2),   tr.    f.    inghami    f.   tr.    nov. 
The  maculation  is  unchanged  on  this  specimen,  but  it  shows 
a  loss  of  the  blue  ground  color  or  blue  iridescence  over  certain 
areas,    particularly    around    the    cell    and    basal    areas    on    the 
under   side   of   the   secondaries.      (Compare   fig.   El   with   fig. 
E2).     On  the  primaries  there  is  a  noticeable  shading  out  to 
brownish  near  the  apical  part  of  the  limbal  area  on  both  sur- 
faces.    On     glancing    through     the     various     illustrations     of 


shown  in  color  by  Seitz  in  his  Palaearctic  Butterflies, 
it  will  be  noticed  that  many  kindred  species  have  this  brownish 
shading  in  conjunction  with  the  bluish  iridescent  ground  color. 
It  may  be  said,  therefore,  that  philenor  reaching  northward  is 
apt  to  lose  its  iridescence,  as  first  evinced  by  its  tr.  forms. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  pellucidism  (lacking  irid- 
escent color),  probably  a  near  final  phase. 

Data:  Holotype  5  ,  expanse  87mm.  Fairfax,  California 
(Ingham),  June  6,  1924.  In  Author's  Coll.  Xamed  for  Mr. 
Chas.  Ingham  of  Los  Angeles,  who  first  called  my  attention 
to  the  appearance  of  this  specimen. 

Note:  At  first  glance,  this  specimen  might  be  taken  for  a 
case  of  chrysalis  burn,  but  the  position  and  regularity  of  the 
changed  shading  does  not  warrant  this  contention. 


XXXviii,    '27J  KXTO.MoLoiiH  AL     XKWS  269 

Nut    Figured.     Papilio    marcellus    (.'ram.,    tr.    f.    broweri    f. 

tr.   nov. 

Same  as  typical  Missouri  specimens  of  this  species,  except 
that  the  red  spots  at  the  anal  angle  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
secondaries  and  also  the  streak  of  red  running  through  the 
discal  area  on  the  under  side  of  the  secondaries,  here  become 
a  decided  yellow  instead  of  being  red. 

Classification:  Transition  form;  chromatism.  color  change 
red  to  yellow. 

Data:  Holotvpe  $  ,  expanse  70mm.  \\  illard,  Missouri 
(I -'rower),  June  23,  191S.  Deposited  for  safe  keeping  in  the 

U.    S.    National    Museum,    \Yashington,    I).    ('.      Named   after 
Mr.   K.  A.  !> rower,  of  \Yillard,  Missouri. 

EXPLANATION   OF   PLATES   VI-IX. 

On  these  plates  are  illustrated  the  commonest  transition 
forms  of  the  family  Nymphalid;c.  They  are  all  untouched 
photographs  of  existing  specimens  arranged  in  convenient 
phases  of  their  transition  from  normal  parentage  up  to  near 
the  extremity  of  their  variance.  Both  sides  of  each  specimen 
are  shown  for  comparison  and  in  most  cases  a  photo  of  the 
original  type  specimen,  (which  stands  by  reason  of  prioiity 
for  the  group  name),  is  included.  Transition  forms  of 
(Dr\'us)  .-h-f/vnuis  and  ( Cynlliia)  I'ancssa  are  more  repre- 
sented in  general  collections  and  are,  therefore,  of  more  recog- 
nizable interest  to  readers.  Later,  T  hope  to  illustrate  in  the 
same  species  other  rarer  transition  forms  and  also  continue  to 
show  graphically  the  practicability  and  necessity  for  classifi- 
cation of  all  transition  form  specimens  along  the  lines  advo- 
cated. If  these  specimens  are  not  subject  to  some  system  of 
classification  in  the  near  future,  our  lists  will  become  as  in- 
comprehensible as  those  now  emanating  from  European 
sources  which,  take  for  example,  I'l/nuissius  apullo.  are  in- 
flicted with  rather  more  than  150  named  "forms,"  an  impos- 
sible amount,  many  of  which  must  be  straight  synonyms! 

Plate  VI:  (Upper  half);  ALBIFUSISM  :  No.  1,  /:»/>// v. 
phaeton  (Dru. ),  typical;  no.  5.  extreme  tr.  f.  snpcrha  (Stkr.); 
type. 


270  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Nov.,    '27 

(Lower  half);  MELANIFUSISM  :  No.  1,  Euphy.  phaeton 
(Dm.),  typical;  no.  3,  approximate  type  tr.  f.  strcckcri 
(Ellsw.)  ;  no.  5,  extreme  phase. 

Plate  VII:  (Upper  half);  ALBIFUSISM  :  No.  1,  Euphy. 
chalccdona  (D  &  H.)  typical;  nos.  2-3,  gradations  (synonyms) 
named  by  Oberthiir,  Cooledge,  Comstock ;  no.  4,  tr.  f .  fitsiina- 
cida  (Barnes),  type;  no.  5,  extreme  phase. 

(Lower  half);  MELANIFUSISM:  No.  1,  Euphy.  chalcc- 
dona (D.  &  H.),  typical ;  no.  3,  nr.  gradation  (synonym) 
named  by  Comstock;  no.  4,  tr.  f.  niariana  (Barnes),  type; 
no.  5,  extreme  phase. 

Plate  VIII:  (Upper  row);  MELANIFUSISM:  No.  1,  Cyn. 
I'irginiensis  (Dm.),  typical;  no.  4,  tr.  f.  siininsi  (Gun.),  type. 

(Middle  row)  ;  ALBIFUSISM  :  No.  1,  Cyn.  viryiniensis 
(Dru.),  typical;  no.  3,  tr.  f.  azvashtcc  (Fox),  type;  no.  5,  ex- 
treme phase. 

(Lower  left  section);  ALBIFUSISM?:  This  is  a  tr.  f.  of 
Cyn.  atlanta  (L.).  I  know  of  none  in  American  collections. 
This  photo  was  made  from  a  British  publication. 

(Lower  right  section)  ;  Figs.  2  (type,  cdwardsi  Grin.) 
and  3  show  two  hybrids  of  Cyn.  atlanta  possibly  with  carye. 
Knowing  how  tr.  fs.  look  in  this  species,  we  know  that  these 
two  specimens  are  not  tr.  fs.  Knowing  tr.  fs.,  we  are  able  to 
distinguish  hybrids  without  the  necessity  of  breed  proofing. 

Plate  IX:  (Upper  left  section);  ALBIFUSISM:  No.  1, 
Cyn.  cardui  (L. ),  typical;  no.  2,  erroneously  printed  type,  in- 
stead of  nr.  type ;  however,  this  figure  approaches  the  original 
illustration  of  tr.  f.  clyini  (Ramb.)  ;  nos.  3  &  4  show  extreme 
phases  to  which  names  undoubtedly  have  been  given  in  Europe, 
but  which  will  later  be  unquestionably  synonymized. 

(Upper  right  section);  MELANIFUSISM:  Not  numbered. 
This  is  Strecker's  type  of  tr.  f .  ate,  a  rare  tr.  f .  considering  that 
cardui  is  such  a  plentiful  butterfly.  European  lepidopterists 
please  note  this  type  illustration ! 

(Lower  half);  ALBIFUSISM:  No.  1,  Cyn.  caryc  (Hbn.), 
typical;  no.  2,  synonym  intermedia  (Grin.)  ;  no.  3,  tr.  f.  mucl- 
Icri  (Letch.),  type;  no.  4,  synonym  letcheri  (Grin.)  ;  no.  5,  ex- 
treme phase.  Up  to  date,  I  can  record  no  case  of  melanifusism 
for  car\e,  though  California  is  its  habitat. 


XXXviii,    '27|  KNTOMOLOCK'AI.     XKWS  271 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  X. 

This  plate  illustrates  the  position  of  transition  forms  in 
their  relation  to  other  divisions  of  classification.  They,  of 
course,  come  last,  being  youngest  in  point  of  time.  Whether 
hybrids  are  really  a  factor  in  general  development  is  still  un- 
known. Evidence  thus  far  offered  gives  them  little  hope; 
however,  they  should  be  listed  as  a  possible  contingency,  until 
such  time  as  it  is  definitely  learned  that  they  do  not  at  all  in- 
fluence general  development.  If  their  influence  appears  negli- 
gible now,  it  may  have  been  considerable  in  the  past  and  there- 
fore a  possibility  for  the  future.  I  have  placed  local  forms 
under  the  term  forms  and  though  they  are  always  in  geographi- 
cally isolated  colonies,  they  are  still  confluent  in  character  and 
position  with  their  parent  stock  and  their  division  is  closer  than 
that  which  differentiates  species  and  race. 

Regarding  nomenclature  in  general,  I  quote  in  part  from 
a  letter  recently  received  from  X.  D.  Riley  of  London  which 
admirably  sums  up  the  situation  :— 

"I  do  not  see  how  we  are  ever  to  arrive  at  agreement  as 
to  the  number  of  degrees  of  variation,  as  we  overlook  the 
time  factor,  or  perhaps  I  should  say,  we  cannot  include  the 
time  factor  in  any  two-dimensional  scheme  of  classification. 
The  old  linear  system  is  of  course  totally  inadequate.  Yet  if 
we  accept  the  theory  of  evolution,  theii  our  assessment  of  any 
group  of  individuals  must  make  allowance  for  time ;  ;'.  c.,  what 
evolutionary  stage  have  they  arrived  at?  Consequently,  we 
must  admit  that  there  exists  today  among  the  insects,  not  1, 
2,  4,  6,  8,  or  even  50  different  stages  of  evolution,  but  an 
infinite  number;  and,  therefore,  I  sometimes  feel  (which  may 
sound  strange  from  a  professional  systematist)  that  all  our 
schemes  of  classification  are  mere  futility.  The  safeguard  of 
course  is  that  we  cannot  recognize  all  these  infinite  gradations, 
and  therefore,  we  are  bound  for  convenience  to  apply  arbi- 
trary standards,  and  so,  bj*  degrees  and  with  much  labour,  we 
may  eventually  arrive  at  a  real  classification  of  convenience 
which  will  also  be  approximately  natural." 

[CORRIGENDA.  We  regret  that  the  following  errors  in  Plate  X,  as 
furnished  us,  require  correction:  Under  "Local  Form."  for  "contagious" 
read  "contiguous".  Under  "(ieneral  Form."  for  "pacific"  read  "specific". 
For  "hermaprodites"  read  "hermaphrodites'.'.  For  "chryslas"  read 

"chrysalis". — FIHTOK.  I 


272  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  |X()V.,     '27 

Concerning  Some  Published  Statements  on  the  Habits 
of  the  European  Earwig  (Orthoptera:  Forficulidae). 

By  B.  B.  FULTON,  Ames,  Iowa. 

In  the  Entomological  News  of  October,  1925,  (Vol.  36,  pp. 
234-238)  there  is  an  article  on  the  European  Earwig,  by  Mil- 
ton T.  Goe,  which  gives  several  impressions  which  I  believe 
to  be  misleading  and  which  I  think  should  be  corrected  in  the 
literature. 

In  writing  about  the  food  of  the  earwig  he  gives  the  im- 
pression that  they  are  mainly  carnivorous  in  diet,  and  that 
they  refuse  to  feed  on  any  kind  of  foliage.  I  have  no  reason 
to  doubt  his  statements  regarding  his  feeding  experiments,  yet 
I  am  at  loss  to  know  why  his  caged  earwigs  refused  to  eat 
plant  material,  unless  it  could  be  that  there  were  dead  earwigs 
among  them  to  feed  upon.  Earwigs  (Forficitla  uuricitlaria  ) 
prefer  meat  or  sugar  to  ordinary  foliage  if  given  a  choice,  but 
in  nature  plant  material  forms  by  far  the  largest  part  of  their 
diet.  This  is  especially  true  in  parts  of  this  country  where  the 
earwig  has  become  so  exceedingly  abundant.  In  such  places, 
if  they  had  to  depend  on  a  meat  diet,  most  of  them  would  starve 
for  there  would  not  be  enough  insects,  which  they  could  cap- 
ture, or  enough  dead  animals  to  support  a  tenth  of  them. 

Aside  from  that  it  is  a  simple  matter  on  any  warm  summer 
evening  to  observe,  with  the  aid.  of  a  flash  light,  hundreds  of 
earwigs  feeding  on  plants.  No  cage  experiments  are  neces- 
sary to  determine  that  point. 

Mr.  Goe  also  makes  the  erroneous  statement  that  dwelling 
would  be  unmolested  by  earwigs  if  reasonable  care  were  exer- 
cised not  to  carry  them  in.  Very  few  of  the  earwigs  found 
in  houses  are  carried  in  but  go  in  of  their  own  accord  in  search 
of  dark  hiding  places  to  pass  the  daylight  hours. 

Concerning  the  use  of  the  forceps,  the  statement  that  "to  the 
best  of  our  knowledge  they  are  never  used  in  combat"  may 
be  true  enough  as  stated,  but  is  misleading.  1  have  many 
times  seen  the  European  Earwig  use  the  forceps  both  as  an 
offensive  and  defensive  weapon  against  other  earwigs  and 
against  other  species  of  insects. 


xxxviii,    '27 1  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  273 

Mr.  (loe  also  .states  that  in  mating  the  male  sei/.es  the  female 
between  his  wide  open  forceps.  This  has  never  been  the  case 
in  the  many  matings  I  have  observed.  The  male  simply  slipped 
the  forceps  under  those  of  the  female  with  the  ventral  surfaces 
of  both  abdomens  in  contact,  the  two  earwigs  facing  in  opposite 
directions.  In  no  case  was  any  attempt  made  to  clasp  the 
female. 

— »    «•»   *— 

On  the  Biology  of  the  Parasitic  Bees  of  the  Genus 
Coelioxys  (Hymen.,  Megachilidae). 

By    S.    GKAENICIIEK.    South    Miami.    Florida. 

(Continued  from   page  235). 
FIRST  STACK  LARVA  OF  COELIOXYS. 

The  well-developed  first  stage  larva  has  a  brown  head  cap- 
stile  bearing  two  long  and  sharp-pointed,  sickle-shaped  man- 
dibles. These  thoroughly  chitini/.ed  structures,  which  are  so 
totally  different  from  the  corresponding  structures  in  the  first 
stage  larva  of  the  hostbee,  suggest  at  first  sight  weapons  to  be 
used  in  attack  or  defense,  and  remind  one  of  similar  structures 
in  man}-  predaceous  insects.  The  first  stage  larvae  of  Coclio.vys 
Incrosii  and  C.  ntfitursis,  described  by  the  writer  in  his  previous 
paper,  were  several  days  old.  Later  on,  with  an  ample  supply 
of  material  on  hand,  obtained  from  the  nests  of  Megacliilc 
icooloni.  he  has  been  able  to  follow  up  the  development  of  the 
first  stage  larva  of  Coclio.rys  rihis  from  the  time  it  left  the  egg 
until  moulting  took  place. 

The  newlv  hatched  larva  of  Coclio.vys  rihis  is  clear  white, 
with  its  head  slightly  broader  than  the  rest  of  the  body. 

(  hi  the  second  day  it  shows  a  marked  increase  in  size,  and 
a  brownish  coloration  of  the  middle  portion  of  its  body,  due  to 
the  color  of  the  ingested  bee-bread. 

(  )n  the  third  day  the1  body  is  considerably  larger  and  more 
slender. 

On  the  fourth  day  the  head  and  mandibles  are  brown  ('more 
heavily  chitini/ed).  and  the  latter  have  im-rca-cd  considerably 
in  length.  At  about  this  age  the  larva  passes  out  of  the  slit 
into  the  cell  on  its  way  up  through  the  bee-bread,  to  the  upper 


2/4  KXTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  |  Nov.,    '27 

surface  of  the  latter.  After  about  24  hours  the  tips  of  its 
long  and  sharp  mandibles  appear  on  top  of  the  bee-bread  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  host  egg  (or  young  host  larva),  opening 
and  closing  in  rhythmical  sequence. 

Such  a  larva  is  extremely  aggressive,  and  is  ever  ready  to 
attack  and  destroy  either  the  egg  or  the  larva  of  the  hostbee, 
or  the  larva  of  a  rival.  The  adult  parasitic  bee  is  about  as 
large  as  the  hostbee,  and  this  means  that  in  the  host's  cell 
there  is  only  enough  room  and  enough  food  for  the  develop- 
ment of  a  single  insect  of  this  size.  Only  one  occupant  of  a 
cell  is  destined  to  survive.  The  inoffensive  larva  of  the  host 
is  destroyed  without  further  ado.  When  a  number  of  para- 
sitic larvae  occur  in  the  same  cell,  they  war  among  themselves, 
and,  regardless  of  size,  the  one  that  approaches  its  adversary 
from  behind  or  from  the  side  is  in  a  position  to  deliver  the 
fatal  bite.  The  victor  partakes  of  the  liquid  contents  of  the 
victim's  body,  but  after  a  while  withdraws,  and  continues  to 
feed  on  bee-bread,  its  natural  food.  It  retains  its  aggressive 
instincts  throughout  its  first  stage.  Moulting  takes  place  at 
the  end  of  six  or  seven  days,  and  removes  the  heavy  chitinous 
head  structures.  The  resulting  second  stage  larva  resembles 
both  in  structure  and  behavior  the  larva  of  the  hostbee. 

A  comparison  of  the  exuviae  of  the  first  stage  larvae  of 
Coelioxys  rufitarsis,  C.  rib  is  and  C.  modcsta  Sm.,  shows  a 
difference  in  length  of  the  mandibles.  The  last  named  species 
of  Coclio.rys  is  a  parasite  of  Mcgachilc  infragilis  Cr.,  which 
constructs  its  nest  cells  in  hollow  upright  stems  (sumach,  bur- 
dock, etc.).  C.  rufitarsis  has  very  long  and  slender  mandibles, 
the  length  of  which  amounts  to  approximately  one  and  one- 
fourth  times  the  breadth  of  the  head\  capsule.  In  C.  ribis  the 
mandibles  are  slightly  shorter  and  not  quite  so  slender.  C. 
modcsta  differs  considerably  from  the  two  just  mentioned;  its 
mandibles  are  hardly  half  as  long  as  those  in  C.  rufitarsis. 

APEX  OF  ABDOMEN  IN  THE  FEMALES. 

The  upper  and  lower  plates  of  the  apical  segment  of  the 
abdomen  in  various  species  differ  to  such  an  extent  in  regard 
to  shape,  size  and  position  to  each  other,  that  these  characters 


XXXviii,     '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  275 

are  most  useful  in  the  differentiation  of  ihe  species.  It  is  to 
be  expected  that  there  should  he  some  connection  between  these 
structures  in  a  given  species  and  its  mode  of  oviposition.  The 
function  of  a  pointed  apex  with  its  long  slender  lower  plate, 
as  we  find  it  in  C.  ntfitarsis  and  other  species  of  our  fauna,  and 
C.  quadridentata  of  Europe,  is  explained  by  the  manner  in 
which  such  a  species  pierces  the  wall  of  the  nest  cell,  and 
pushes  its  egg  into  the  opening,  as  already  described.  But  C. 
afra,  another  European  species  observed  by  Ferton,  places  its 
egg  on  top  of  the  bee-bread,  and  leaves  a  slight  imprint  in  the 
bee-bread,  made  by  the  tip  of  its  abdomen.  In  this  bee.  the 
apical  plates  are  broad,  the  lower  one  hardly  longer  than  the 
upper  one".  C.  tc.vana  Cr.  and  allied  members  of  the  North 
American  fauna  possess  apical  structures  of  a  similar  type,  and 
may  be  found  to  employ  similar  methods  of  oviposition. 

FIRST  STAGE  LARVAE  OF  SOME  OTHER  PARASITIC 
1  I  YMEXOPTERA. 

In  a  recent  article  on  "The  Bionomics  of  Dinocampus  coc- 
cinellae  Schrank"  Balduf*  has  given  us  some  detailed  informa- 
tion concerning  the  structure,  behavior,  etc.,  of  this  Braconid 
parasite  of  ladybeetles.  The  squarish  head  capsule  of  the  first 
stage  larva,  with  its  long  curved  and  pointed  mandibles  (fig. 
4,  p.  473)  resembles  to  a  remarkable  extent  the  corresponding 
structures  in  the  first  stage  larva  of  Coclio.rys.  For  purposes 
of  comparison,  I  wish  to  call  attention  to  the  following  points 
in  the  bionomics  of  this  Braconid :  Superparasitism  (often 
more  than  one  egg  of  the  parasite  deposited  in  the  host's  body) 
leads  to  competition,  and,  as  Balduf  informs  us,  "the  first  act 
of  these  individuals  seems  to  be  an  attack  upon  one  another." 
\Ye  are  further  told  that  "in  all  cases  specifically  noted,  one 
larva  survived  the  conflict."  The  second  stage  larva  presents 
a  different  appearance  from  that  of  the  first  stage  larva,  since 
"in  the  moulting  process  the  heavily  chitinized  head  is  lost." 

This  information  shows  how  closely  the  first  stage  larva  of 
Coclio.rys  agrees  with  that  of  the  Braconid,  both  in  regard  to 

~  See  O.   Schmiedeknecht.     Die  Hymenopteren   Mitteleuropas,  p.   167. 
8W.  V.  Balduf.     Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  Vol.  19,  pp.  465-498,   (1926). 


276  KXTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Nov.,    '27 

certain  structures  and  behavior.  We  have  in  each  case  the 
same  underlying  conditions  leading  to  the  same  results.  There 
is  in  the  body  cavity  of  the  beetle,  with  its  liquid  contents,  suffi- 
cient space  and  food  for  the  development  of  one  mature 
Braconid  larva,  hardly  for  more  than  one,  a  condition  that  we 
find  parallelled  in  the  nest  cell  of  the  leaf-cutter  bee  with  its 
limited  space  and  supply  of  bee-bread.  In  each  instance  the 
first  stage  larvae  carry  on  a  fierce  struggle  among  themselves 
for  the  undisputed  control  of  space  and  food  supply  necessary 
for  the  development  of  one  individual. 

The  first  stage  larva  of  Anastatus  sp.  (Eupelmidae)  is,  ac- 
cording to  Parker  and  Thompson1',  like  the  same  stage  in  Calli- 
momidae,  Eurytomidae  and  Leucospidae,  having  a  brownish, 
heavily  chitinized  head  capsule,  which  changes  its  shape 
through  moulting,  and  becomes  white  (less  chitinized).  These 
authors  inform  us  that  there  are  "a  number  of  well-defined 
larval  types  within  the  superfamily  Chalcidoidea,"  and  they 
further  state  that  "these  types  are  readily  recognizable  only  in 
the  primary  larvae."  This  applies  also  to  the  parasitic  bees 
of  the  genus  Coclio.rys,  in  which  the  first  stage  is  the  character- 
istic stage  in  the  life  of  the  larva. 


Two  New  Species  of  Thrips  (Thysanoptera). 

By  GLENN   W.   HERRICK,   Cornell   University,    Ithaca, 

New  York. 

Thrips  veratri  n.  sp.—  9.  Length  1.28  mm.  to  1.32  mm.; 
width  of  mesothorax  .31  mm.;  greatest  width  of  abdomen  .38 
to  .39  mm.  General  color,  reddish  to  smoky-brown  with  the 
abdomen  somewhat  darkest. 

Head  a  little  wider  than  long;  wider  behind  than  in  front; 
sides  immediately  behind  the  eyes  plainly  concave  ;  sides  and 
dorsum  behind  rough  with  transverse  ridges  ;  eyes  protruding 
slightly,  black  with  a  row  of  transparent  facets  on  the  edge 
of  each  and  a  few  hairs  between  the  facets.  One  small,  sharp, 
spine  on  the  hind  border  of  each  postocular  concavity.  Ocelli 
conspicuous,  close  together,  and  each  bordered  with  a  dark 
crescent.  The  ocelli  lie  between  the  posterior  half  of  the  com- 

11  H.  L.  Parker  and  W.  R.  Thompson.  Notes  on  the  larvae  of  the 
Chalcidoidea.  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  Vol.  18,  pp.  384-398,  pi.  26-28  (1925). 


xxxviii,   '27] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL     \K\VS 


277 


pound  eyes.  Antennae  about  twice  as  long  as  the  head;  their 
bases  separated  by  the-  notched  prolongation  of  the  vertex; 
actual  and  relative  length  of  segments  as  follo\\->  :  1-22.  2-4d, 
3-5".  4-59,  5-46,  6-6f>,  7-21  microns. 


Fig.  I.  — Head  of  Thrips  vei^itri  n.  sp. 

I'.asal  segment  subglolmlar,  second  segment  constricted  at 
base,  third  and  fourth  fusiform,  fifth  constricted  at  base  and 
broadly  joined  to  the  sixth  which  is  fusiform  while  the  sev- 
enth is  short  and  tapering.  Color,  one  and  two  dark,  reddish- 
brown,  three  noticeably  lighter,  the  remaining  segments 
smoky-brown.  The  segments  bear  numerous  long  spines. 

1 'rothorax  about  one  and  one-fourth  times  as  wide  as  the 
head  and  about  the  same  length  as  the  head.  It  is  concolorous 
with  the  head.  There  are  two  long  spines  at  each  posterior 
angle  and  one  short  curved  spine  at  each  anterior  angle.  Ptero- 
thorax  about  one  and  one-third  times  as  wide  as  the  prothorax 
and  slightly  longer  than  it  is  wide,  the  mesothorax  wider  than 
the  metathorax,  dorsal  surface  of  mesothorax  plainly  retic- 
ulated. The  wings  are  well  developed  and  distinctly  brownish 


but 


lighter 


toward    base.      The    hind 


wings 


are 


lighter 


than 


278  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '27 

the  front  ones.  The  front  vein  of  fore  wing  bears  a  group 
of  seven  to  eight  spines  at  base,  one  spine  from  one-half  to 
two-thirds  of  the  distance  from  base,  one  spine  about  three- 
fourths  of  the  distance  from  base  and  two  more  spines,  one 
near  the  end  and  one  at  the  end.  The  hind  vein  bears  about 
ten  spines.  Legs  concolorous  with  each  other  but  the  tibia 
and  tarsi  of  each  are  lighter  than  the  femur  and  somewhat 
lighter  than  the  body.  The  legs  in  bleached  specimens  are 
plainly  reticulated,  particularly  the  femora.  The  legs  are 
fairlv  spinose  with  a  comb-like  row  of  about  ten  strong  spines 
on  the  inner  sides  of  the  hind  tibiae. 

Abdomen  at  base  considerably  narrower  than  pterothorax. 
gradually  widening  to  and  including  the  fifth  segment,  and 
tapering  sharply  beyond  the  seventh.  In  general,  it  is  elongate 
oval  in  shape  and  somewhat  darker  brown  than  the  prothorax. 
In  bleached  specimens  the  abdomen  shows  the  reticulations 
while  the  spines  along  the  sides  and  around  the  end  of  the 
abdomen  are  long  and  large ;  bind  margin  of  eighth  segment 
on  dorsal  side  bears  a  row  of  comb-like  spines.  The  pleurites 
of  the  abdomen  are  conspicuous  and  each  is  toothed  at  the 
posterior  end. 

Described  from  many  individual  females  taken  at  one  col- 
lection from  the  undersides  of  the  leaves  of  American  white 
hellebore  (Vcratnnn  I'iridc),  at  Ithaca,  New  York,  on  June 
27,  1924.  No  males  have  been  found.  The  thrips  live  in 
the  creases  on  the  undersides  of  the  leaves  of  this  plant  and 
have  always  been  in  abundance.  Indeed  most  of  the  leaves 
are  usually  found  to  be  seriously  injured  by  the  thrips.  The 
epidermis  on  the  underside  is  usually  scarified  and  destroyed 
giving  the  leaves  a  brown,  scorched  appearance.  The  species 
certainly  stands  very  near  Thrips  iinpar,  but  is  apparently 
distinct  from  the  latter  although  the  distinctive  characters  are 

difficult  to  define.     The  third  antennal  segment  seems  lighter 
than  that  of  iinpcir  and  the  whole  body  darker  than  that  of  the 

latter  species. 

Cotypes  'are  deposited  with  the  United  States  National 
Museum.  Others  are  in  the  collection  of  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca. 

Microthrips  leucus  n.  sp. —  9  .  Length  0.82  mm.  (0.75  to 
0.96  mm.).  General  color  pale,  almost  white  and  transparent. 


XXXVlii,     '27  |  ENTO.M  Ol.oi  iUAL     NKNVS  279 

The  fnmt  wings  are  considerably  darker  than  the  body  and  the 
ovipositor,  being  heavily  chitinzed,  is  conspicuous  from  its 
1  in  jwnish-yellow  appearance. 

I  lead,  including  mouthparts,  longer  than  wide,  widest 
through  the  eyes  (veitex);  the  cheeks  conspicuously  convex 
but  narrowing  rapidlv  to  the  mouth  cone;  there  are  two  weak 
pale  bristles  between  the  compound  eye-,  each  one  just  posterior 
to  the  base  of  an  antenna;  a  short  pale  spine  on  each  cheek 
just  back  of  each  compound  eye;  the  mouthparts  reach  well 
backward  to  the  middle  of  the  prothorax  and  are  black  at  the 
tip;  eyes  strongly  protruding,  coarsely  granulate,  and  con- 
spicuously black  with  an  edging  of  transparent  facets;  the 
ocelli  are  difficult  to  detect,  the  anterior  one  most  prominent 
and  well  forward  while  the  posterior  ones  appear  to  be  wide 
apart  and  in  line  with  the  hind  third  of  tlie  compound  eyes; 
the  maxillary  palpi  are  two-segmented  and  white.  The  an- 
tennae are  seven-segmented,  the  lengths  of  the  segments  are 
as  follows:  1-20.  2-26.4,  3-36,  4-34,  5-33,  6-31.3,  7-36.3 
microns. 

The  first  segment  is  short,  wide,  and  cylindrical,  the  second 
is  large,  globular  and  ringed  with  conspicuous  chitinous  ridges, 
the  third  is  long  and  pedunculate  with  a  conspicuous  reentrant 
angular  process  in  side  view  on  the  anterior  third  in  which 
is  a  long  prominent,  curved,  sensory  spine  and  nearby  two 
prominent  straight  spines  (Fig.  2)  ;  the  fourth  and  fifth  are 


l-ig.  2. — Antenna,  side  view,  of  ZIic>~otliri{>s  Ifucits  n.  sp. 

slightly  pedunculate:  the  sixth  is  cylindrical  but  tapering  some- 
what anteriorly  while  the  seventh  is  long  and  slender  and 
taper.-  slightly  to  the  end.  Kach  of  the  segments  bears  sev- 
eral conspicuous  spines  along  the  sides  (Fig.  2).  The  an- 
tennae, as  a  whole,  are  brownish  and  considerably  darker  than 
the  body  and  nearly  concolorous  with  the  front  wings.  The 
first  segment  is  lightest,  the  second  darkest  while  the  remaining 
ones  are  nearly  of  the  same  shade-  although  there  is  a  slight 
deepening  in  color  from  the  third  to  the  seventh. 

The  prothorax  is  wider  thai  the  head  and  considerably 
widest  at  the  posterior  margin  ;  there  is  one  weak  spine  and 
one  fairly  strong  spine  at  each  posterior  angle.  The  dorsal 


280  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Nov.,    '27 

side  is  striated  but  not  strongly  so.  The  pterothorax  of  about 
the  same  width  throughout  but  slightly  constricted  in  the  middle 
and  with  the  posterior  angles  of  the  metathorax  strongly 
rounded.  The  pterothorax  is  much  wider  than  the  prothorax. 

The  wings  reach  nearly  to  the  end  of  the  abdomen;  fore 
wings  decidedly  dark  in  color,  so  much  so  that  the  specific 
name  might  well  be  nigripennis ;  they  are  strong  and  heavy 
and  thickly  beset  with  rows  of  very  short,  black  spines;  the 
costal  margin  bears  about  22  long  slender  hairs  on  the  distal 
two-thirds  with  about  12  much  shorter  spines  on  the  proximal 
third ;  the  hind  vein  joins  the  fore  vein  at  the  end  of  the 
proximal  fifth  of  the  wing  and  the  two  anastomosed  veins  then 
run  very  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  wing  considerably  nearer  the 
costal  than  the  hind  margin  ;  there  are  five  minute  spines  on 
the  vein  widely  spaced,  the  distal  one  much  the  largest  and 
strongest.  The  hind  wings  are  very  narrow,  nearly  trans- 
parent whitish  with  the  longitudinal  vein  decidedly  brownish 
and  conspicuous.  The  legs  are  concolorous  with  the  body, 
the  ends  of  the  tarsi  being  somewhat  darker ;  each  hind  tibia 
bears  two  rather  stout  spines  at  its  inner  extremity  while  each 
hind  tarsus  bears  one  spine  in  a  similar  position  and  a  weaker 
spine  opposite. 

The  abdomen  is  wider  than  the  pterothorax  at  the  fourth 
and  fifth  segments  but  tapers  rapidly  beyond  to  the  tenth; 
tenth  as  wide  at  the  base  as  it  is  long  with  the  sides  nearly 
straight  and  slightly  converging  and  with  the  end  broadly 
rounded.  Near  the  tip  of  the  tenth  segment  there  are  at  least 
four  colorless  spines  on  both  the  dorsal  and  ventral  sides. 
There  are  also  four  similar,  perhaps  slightly  stronger  spines 
at  the  end  of  the  ninth  segment  with  other  additional  ones 
along  each  side. 

The  nymphs  of  this  species  are  delicate,  whitish  and  almost 
transparent  with  the  legs  and  antennae  concolorous  with  the 
body. 

This  species  clearly  falls  in  the  genus  Microthrips,  because 
of  its  2-segmented  maxillary  palpus,  its  7-segmented  antennae 
(1 -segmented  style)  and  the  anastomosing  of  the  longitudinal 
veins  of  the  front  wings.  Tt  is  also  distinct  from  the  one 
other  species  in  this  genus,  M.  picrcci  Morg.,  because  of  its 
characteristic  delicate,  whitish,  transparent  appearance  and  its 
conspicuous  dark  fore  wings  which  offer  a  striking  contrast 
to  the  body  as  a  whole.  It  is  separated  from  the  genus  Lciico- 


XXXV'iii,     '27|  ENTOMOLOCK AL     NEWS 

III  rips  by  its  7-segmentcd  antennae  and  by  tbe  form  and  struc- 
ture of  tbe  antennal  segments. 

Tbe  Delias  Microtlirips  was  erected  by  A.  C.  Morgan  in  l'H4 
and  described,  together  witb  tbe  one  species,  M.  piercei,  in  the 
Procccd'nnjs  of  tlic  I'nited  Stales  National  Museum.  \'ol.  46, 
]>.  19-21,  1(>14.  Figure  28  of  tbe  antenna,  which  Morgan  gives 
in  connection  witb  tbe  description  of  M.  picrcei,  answers  we'll 
for  tbis  second  new  species. 

Described  from  several  females  taken  from  a  single  low- 
growing,  narrow-leaved  fern  (Asplcniuui.')  in  the  greenhouse 
at  Kast  Lansing,  Michigan,  by  Miss  E.  I.  McDaniel  and  Mr. 
Donald  Ries  on  April  20,  1925,  at  one  collection.  Hence  all 
specimens  are  looked  upon  as  cotypes. 

Cotypes  arc  deposited  in  tbe  United  States  National  Muse- 
um. (  )thers  are  retained  in  the  Collection  of  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, Ithaca. 

I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  IT.  Priessner  for  his  courtesy  in  making 
an  examination  of  these  two  species  of  thrips  and  in  expressing 
the  opinion  that  they  were  new  species.  Also  to  A.  C.  Morgan 
for  his  trouble  in  examining  the  second  species  and  comparing 

it  with  Microtlirips  picrcei. 

—  <•»  — 

The  North  American  Species  of  Ilybius  (Coleoptera, 

Dytiscidae). 

By  IT.  C.  FALL,  Tyngsboro,  Massachusetts. 

No  table  including  all  our  described  species  of  Ilybius  has 
ever  been  offered;  which  fact,  together  with  the  rather  mono- 
tonous similarity  in  appearance  of  the  species,  has  made  accu- 
rate determinations  rather  difficult,  and  led  to  considerable  con- 
fusion in  many  collections.  There  are,  however,  a  number  of 
good  characters,  both  structural  and  sexual,  and  with  both 
sexes  ] in-sent,  or  at  least  the  male,  the  student  should  be  able 
in  most  cases  to  make  reliable  determinations. 

Dr.  Sharp  has  shown  that  the  genus  may  be  divided  into  two 
nearly  equal  groups,  as  follows. 

Mclalarsal  joints  in  llic  ir-.ile  distinctly  margined  ex- 
ternally on  their  l<wer  edtje Group     I . 

Metatarsa!  joints  of  male  not  so  margined  Group  II. 


282  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,    '27 

GROUP  I. 

This  includes  the  following  species — atcr.  sithacncus,  plcn- 
riticus,  iiiz'crsus,  sitffnsus,  4-inacnlatus,  and  angustior.  Sharp 
also  includes  in  this  group  if/mints  and  fiiliginosHS.  Of  these 
ignarns  is  so  placed  in  error,  as  the  male  hind  tarsi  are  not 
margined;  it  belongs  to  Group  II.  Fulujlnosns  is  a  European 
species  doubtfully  accredited  to  our  fauna.  If  taken  here  it 
may  be  recognized  by  the  pale  under  surface.  Of  the  remain- 
ing species  of  the  group,  atcr  (itngiilans  Lee.)  may  probably 
always  be  recognized  by  its  very  large  size  (13  mm.  or  over)  ; 
the  color  is  black,  very  feebly  or  scarcely  aenescent.  This 
species  must  be  rare  in  this  country  and  1  have  seen  only  the 
LeConte  type  of  angular  is  from  Pennsylvania. 

Size  moderately  large,  length  10  to   \2l/2   imn. 

Here  come  subacncus,  plcuriticus,  inversus,  snffitsus,  and  4- 
inaculatus. 

Subacncus  differs  from  all  its  associates  by  the  lack  of  the 
longitudinal  apical  carina  of  the  last  ventral  of  the  male ;  the 
last  ventral  is  coarsely,  closely,  longitudinally  striate  apically, 
but  without  the  central  carina. 

Suffusus  may  be  known  by  "the  whole  margin  of  the  elytra 
broadly  and  irregularly  ferruginous  hiding  the  usual  pale 
spots."  The  type  is  from  "Indian  Territory"  and  is  in  the 
Horn  collection.  I  have  not  seen  it  and  do  not  know  if  there 
are  others  in  collections. 

4-maculatus  has  the  last  ventral  in  the  male  strongly  strigoso- 
rugose  at  apex,  the  longitudinal  rugae  being  longest  at  about 
the  middle  of  each  side  of  the  apex. 

Pleuriticus  and  inversHs  have  the  apical  ventral  of  the  male 
very  little  rugose  on  either  side  of  the  short  apical  carina. 
These  two  species  are  said  by  Sharp  to  agree  in  their  sexual 
characters,  but  im'crsus  is  said  to  be  of  more  convex  and  less 
parallel  form  and  to  be  more  coarsely  reticulate.  I  have  had 
the  privilege — thanks  to  Mr.  Arrow — of  examining  a  cotype  of 
inversus  and  of  comparing  it  with  the  type  of  plcitrilicus  and 
am  more  than  doubtful  of  its  specific  validity. 


XXXV111, 


'271  KNTOMOIJM.H  Al.     NKWS  283 


Size  similler.  Icni/tli  X}/2   to  \)i/2   »""• 

Here  comes  anyitstior  alone.  The  margined  hind  tarsi  of 
the  male,  the  small  size  and  narrow  form,  will  probably  be 
sufficient  for  its  distinction.  In  addition,  it  may  be  said  that 
the  last  ventral  of  the  male  is  strongly  longitudinally  rugose 
in  about  its  apical  half,  with  distinct,  short,  median  carina, 
and  the  hind  tibiae  are  strongly  punctate  over  a  greater  part 
of  their  surface  than  is  usual. 

(  JKOUP  II. 
Size  small ,  lenytli  7l/2  to  9  in  in. 

If/Hants  and  disecdens  belong  here.  They  are  both  rather 
narrow  and  black  without  aeneous  lustre. 

lyiuints  has  the  last  ventral  of  the  male  with  distinct  apical 
carina  but  without  lateral  rugosities. 

Discedc'us  has  the  last  ventral  of  male  smooth  and  without 
carina  at  middle,  but  with  some  long  rather  coarse  lateral  striae. 

Size  larger,  lenytli  9l/2  to  lll/2  mm. 

Here  are  included  biyuttuhis,  fraterculns.  eonfusits  and 
obi  it  us. 

In  biyiittulits  the  last  ventral  of  the  male  is  carinate  at  apex. 
\Yith  this  I  include  laraiiuieus  which  is  of  doubtful  validity. 
The  type  is  slightly  smaller  and  narrower  and  with  the  sides 
a  little  less  evenly  rounded  than  in  biyitttulus  and  the  sculpture 
of  the  last  ventral  (  $  )  is  a  little  more  pronounced,  though 
identical  in  character.  There  can  I  think  be  scarcely  a  doubt 
that  biy  lift  id  us  is  the  same  as  Say's  fenestnilis,  and  if  so  ac- 
cepted the  latter  name  takes  precedence. 

Frateiriiliis.  eonfnsus  and  oblitits  agree  in  lacking  the  carina 
on  the  last  ventral  of  the  male,  and  resemble  one  another 
closely.  They  may  be  distinguished  by  the  degree  of  approxi- 
mation of  the  front  margin  of  the  hind  coxal  plates  to  the 
middle  coxal  cavity  ;  in  fralereitlits  this  distance  is  nearly  one- 
half,  in  eonfusns  one-third,  and  in  t/blitits  one- fourth  the  length 
of  the  coxal  plate.  In  the  great  majority  of  specimens  at  least, 
the  submarginal  pale  spots  of  the  elytra  are  nearly  or  quite 
lacking  in  fraterculns;  never  so  in  my  experience  in  eonfusns 
or  oblitits. 


284  K \ T< >. M <>].<><; i CAL   NEWS  [Nov.,  '27 

For  rapid  consultation  the  principal  characters  above  noticed 
are  summarized  in  the  following  table. 

Table  of  Species. 

Metatarsal  joints  in  the  male  distinctly  margined  extern- 
ally on  their  lower  edge   Group     I. 

Metatarsal  joints  in  the  male  not  so  margined Group  II. 

Group   I. 

Size  very  large,  13  mm.  or  over;  black,  scarcely  aeneous  .  .atcr. 
Size  moderately  large,  10  to  I2y2  mm. 

Last    ventral    of    male    without    median    apical    car- 

ina     sitbacneiis 

Last  ventral  of  male  with  such  carina. 

Elytra    with    broad    irregular    ferruginous    mar- 
gin      SllffllSllS 

Elytra  without  broad  ferruginous  margin. 

Last  ventral  of  male  strongly  strigoso-rugose 

at    apex     4-inaciilatiis 

Last   ventral  of   male  very   little  rugose  on 
either  side  of  the  central  carina  .  .  .  .pleuriticus 

inversus. 

Size  smaller,  8^-9^  mm. ;  form  narrow,  last  ventral  of 
male  strongly  apically  rugose    angustior 

Group  II. 

Size  small,  7^?  to  9  mm. 

Last  ventral   of  male  with  distinct  apical  carina  but 

without  lateral  rugosities   ic/uanis 

Last  ventral  of  male  smooth  at  middle  and  without 
carina,  but  with  some  rather  coarse  and  long  later- 
al striae  disced  ens 

Size  larger,  9l/2  to  Iiy2  mm. 

Last  ventral  of  male  carinate  at  apex bic/nftnlits 

Last  ventral  of  male  not  so  carinate. 

Hind   coxal   plates   j/2   their   length   from   middle 

coxal    cavities    fraterciiliis 

Hind  coxal  plates   1-3  their  length  from  middle 

coxal    cavities    confiisi/s 

Hind  coxal  plates   1-4  their  length   from  middle1 
coxal    cavities    oblihis 

1  Because  of  the  uncertainty  of  the  identifications  in  some  of 
the  published  records  it  is  unwise  to  attempt  to  state  the-  pro- 


xxxviii,    '27  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS  285 

else  limits  of  distribution  of  the  various  species.  These  are 
indicated  in  a  general  way  in  the  Leng  List,  hut  a  few  addition- 
or  amplifications  in  the  case  of  certain  species  may  here  he 
given,  these  suggested  mainly  hy  my  own  material— 

S ii hoc nc us  ranges  from  Labrador  and  .\ewfouiidland  west- 
ward to  Manitoba,  Alberta  and  Colorado. 

lynarus:  Of  this  species  1  have  examples  from  (  Htawa, 
Canada,  and  from  Arlington,  New  Jersey  (Bischoff  Coll.). 

.  Ini/ustinr  crosses  the  entire  continent  from  Labrador  to  the 
Kenai  Peninsula  in  Alaska. 

Con f HSU s  occurs  in  both  Massachusetts  and  Connectcut  but 
is  not  common. 

Oblitus.  I  have  taken  this  species  on  the  Island  of  Nan- 
tucket  and  have  a  good  series  from  White  Plains,  New  York, 
taken  by  Mr.  E.  II.  P.  Squire'. 

It  is  quite  obvious  that  the  genus  is  essentially  a  northern 
one,  and  in  our  fauna  overruns  British  America  and  Alaska, 
and  occurs  in  all  the  states  along  our  northern  boundary.  In 
the  east  only  one  species — b'njuttulus — descends  as  far  as  the 
latitude  of  Virginia.  Farther  west  suffusus  was  described 
from  Indian  Territory  and  1  have  in  my  collection  an  example 
of  a  species  allied  to  or  identical  with  hi(/uttnlns.  from  the 
Davis  Mountains  in  western  Texas. 


Exhibition  of  Lepidoptera. 

An  exhibition  of  butterflies  and  moths  will  be  held  in  the 
reading  room  of  the  library  of  The  Academy  of,  Xatural  Sci- 
ences, 1900  Race  St.,  Philadelphia,  on  Wednesday.  Thursday 
and  Friday,  November  9,  10  and  11,  1927,  from  12  to  5  I'.  M. 
The  star  feature  will  be  the  exotic  collection  of  Mr.  Judson 
Coxey.  Mr.  l\.  ('.  Williams.  Jr.,  will  show  a  selection  from 
his  Kuropcan  .series.  Mr.  !•".  Haimbach  will  furnish  some 
ninths  and  some  life-histories.  Another  table  will  be  devoted 
to  specimens  from  the  Academy's  collection  and  there  will  be 
some  other  things  of  interest.  All  are  welcome. 


Change  of  Address. 

C.  I!.  Williams  from  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  Cairo.  Egypt, 
to  Research  Institute,  Amani.  Tanga,  Tanganyika,  from  1st 
June,  1927. 


286  ENTo.MOLoCKAL     NEWS  |  X()V.,    '27 

New  Building  at  Fayetteville. 

The  Department  of  Entomology  of  the  Arkansas  University 
and  Station  will  be  housed  in  a  new  agricultural  building  now 
being  erected  at  a  cost  of  $250,000.  (Jour.  Econ.  Ent.) 

The   Kansas   Entomological   Society. 

The  Kansas  Entomological  Society  held  a  field  meeting  on 
July  3  and  4  at  the  Sand  Hills,  Meclora,  Kansas.  Many  in- 
teresting insects  were  collected  on  this  trip. 

R.  L.  PARKER,  Secretary. 


Half-Larvae     of     Flies     Obtained     by     Ligaturing     Eggs. 

(Dipt.:      Muscidae). 

Under  this  title  (in  French),  M.  Jean  Rostand  has  a  note 
in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  France  (1927, 
No.  10,  p.  163)  stating  that  if  eggs  of  CcdUphora  vomit oria 
are  ligatured  by  a  hair,  midway  between  the  two  poles,  say 
three  hours  after  laying,  at  a  temperature  of  15°  C.,  develop- 
ment continues  and  two  half-larvae  result,  one  anterior,  the 
other  posterior.  The  latter  it  is  necessary  to  extract  from 
the  egg  envelopes ;  it  makes  a  few  movements  but  soon  dies. 
The  anterior  half-larva  sometimes  left  the  egg  of  itself,  moved 
like  a  normal  laiva  and  ate;  one  of  these,  consisting  of  only 
six  segments,  was  preserved  alive  for  two  days.  If  the  liga- 
ture be  made  immediately  after  oviposition,  or  during  the 
first  hour,  development  is  completely  stopped. 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  E.   T.   CRESSON,   JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachiiida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  inserts, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published.  The  number  of 
volume  (in  bold  face),  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  within  (  ), 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  be  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  of  new 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Keview  of  Applied  Kn- 
tomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  pupers  mi  .Medical  lOnto- 
mology,  see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  1-5. 

i&F'Not.c  the-  change  in  the   method  of  riling  I  lie  bibliographical  rr./Vr- 

cnri'N.   «.v    c.rlililiini/   nbove. 

Papers  published   in   the   Entomological   News  are   not   listed. 

4 — Canadian  Ent.,  Guelph.  6 — Jour.,  New  York  Ent. 
Soc.,  New  York.  9 — Entomologist,  London.  10— T'roc., 


XXNviii,    '27  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NK\VS  287 

Kill.  Soc..  Washington.     12 — Jour,  of  Kcoiiomic  Knt.     17- 
Ent.  Rundschau,  Stuttgart.     19— Bull.,   Brooklyn   Km.  Soc. 
22 — Hull,  of   Km.    Research,    Kondon.     30 — Tijdschrift   voor 
Entomologie,  The   Ha^ue.     47 — Xeuc    Beitr.  •/..  S\  stein.  In- 
sektenkunde,   Berlin.      50 — Proc..    C.   S.    Xational    Museum. 
62 — Hull.,  Anier.  Mus.  Xat.  Hist.,  Xe\v  York.     68 — Science. 
73 — Kos.    Rev.    Kspanola     Knt..    Madrid.      77 — Comptes     R.. 
Soc.   Biologic.   Paris.      79 — Kolrop.   Rundschau.  \\'ieu.     80 
Lepid.   Rundschau,    \\'icu.     81 — Folia   Myrniec.   ct   Tennit., 
J'.erlin.      105 — Proc.     Biological     Soc.     Washington.      107- 
Biologischcs  Zentralblatt.     Ill — Archiv  f.  Naturgeschichte, 
Berlin.      116 — Annals  of  Applied   Biology.     118 — Die  Xatnr- 
\\issenschaften,     Berlin.      122 — Zcit.    f.     Morph.    u.    (  )ekol. 
Tiere,    Berlin.       138— American     Mus.     X'ovitates.        141  — 
Anier.   Xaturalist.      145 — Plnsis,    Buenos  Aires. 

GENERAL.— Baker,  C.  F.,  Biographical  note.  [68]  66: 
229-230.  Davies,  W.  M. — Methods  for  collecting  parasites 
of  earwigs.  [22]  17:  347-350.  ill.  Hardy,  G.  A.— Report 
on  a  collecting  trip  to  ( iarihaldi  Part.  B.  C.  [Report  of 
the  Provincial  Museum  of  Xatural  History  for  the  year 
1'L'O,  N'ictoria  British  Columbia]  1927':  15-25,  ill.  Heiker- 
tinger,  F. — Die  ameisenmimese.  [107]  47:  462-501.  ill. 
Johnson,  C.  W. — Biological  survey  of  the  Mount  Desert 
region  Part  1,  The  insect  fauna.  [Mount  Desert  Island 
Biological  Laboratory]:  21-227.  Muller,  Max  und  W. 
Schuster  von  For^tner.  Vulkanausbriiche  und  Insekten. 
[17]  44  (6);  22-23.  1927.  Neave,  S.  A.— The  control  of 
insect  pests  by  means  of  parasites,  [Nature]  1927,  Aug.  20: 
267-8.  Schade,  F.— Am  Serro  pelado.  [17]  44  (7): 
25-26.  1927.  de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R. — Comment  on  in- 
sects in  ocean  drift  or  tide  line.  [19]  22:  158-162. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Bugnion,  E.— Les 

pieces  buccales,  le  sac  infrabuccal  et  le  pharynx  des  Kotir- 
mis.  [81]  1:  105-139,  il.  Depdolla,  P.— Die  Keimzellen- 
bildung  u.  die  Bcfruchtung  bei  den  Insekten.  |llandb.  cl. 
Entoni.  (von  Schroeder)]  33.  Lief.,  Bel.  I.:  1073-1 11<>. 
ill.  Golowinskaja,  X. — Ueber  die  nachkommenschaft  eine^ 
durch  temperatureinwirkung  er/.ieltcn  intersexen.  |1()7| 
47:  513-516,  ill.  Handlirsch,  A. —  Die  postembryonale  !;-n- 
t  \vicklung.  |  llandb.  d.  I'jitom  (von  SchnWk-r )  |  33  Lief., 
Bd.  1:  1117-1184,  ill.  King,  R.  L.— A  dominant  body  color 
in  Drosophila  repleta.  [141]  51:  480.  Poole,  C.  F.-  The 
cpistatic  effect  of  \'e.sti.^ial  in  Drosophila.  |141  |  51:  477-480. 
Seyser,  W. — Anfangerjir-ipai  ate  X.  Chitinpriiparate  von 


288  KXTOMOLOCICAL     XK\\  S  [Nov.,    '27 

der  grille  (Gryllus  canipestris).  [Micro,  f.  Xaturf.  |  5: 
237-242,  ill.  Stern,  C. — Ueber  chromosomenelimination  bei 
der  taufliege.  [118]  1927:  740-746,111.  Whiting,  P.  W.- 
Reversal  of  dominance  and  production  of  a  secondary  sexual 
character  in  the  Mediterranean  flour-moth.  [1411  51: 
450-456. 

ARACHNIDA     AND     MYRIOPODA.— Berland,     L.- 

Contributions  a  Tetnde  de  la  biologic  des  Arachnides 
[Archives  Zool.  Exper.  Gener.]  66,  Notes  et  Revue.  Xo. 
1  :  7-29,  ill.  Emerton,  J.  H. — A  Maine  spider.  [Maine  Xat  ] 
7:  35-37,  ill.  Willmann,  C.— Ueber  oribatiden.  [Mikro.  f. 
Naturf.]  5:  1^3-200,  ill.  Wiehle,  H.— Beitraege  zur  kennt- 
nis  des  radnetzbaues  der  epeiriden,  tetragnathiden  und 
uloboriclen.  [122]  8:  468-537,  ill. 

(S)  :;:Crosby,  C.  R.,  and  S.  C.  Bishop. — Now  species  of 
Erigoneae  and  Theridiidae.  [6]  35:147-154.  2  pi.  :::Mel- 
lo-Leitao. — Dios  interessantes  arachnideos  myrmecophilo-s. 

[145]   8:  228-237,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Koeppel, 

A. — Zur  naturgeschichte  der  springschwanze.  [Micro,  f. 
Naturf.]  5:  235-237,  ill.  Lacroix,  J.  L. — Etudes  sur  les 
Chrvsopides.  L'hibernation  chez  ''Chrysopa  vulgaris". 
[Bull.  Soc.  Sc.  Nat.  Quest]  (4)  6:  1-24,  ill. 

(N)  *Davis,  W.  T. — A  new  dragonfly  from  Virginia. 
[19]  22:  155-156,  ill.  -Ewing,  H.  E. — Descriptions  ot 
three  new  species  of  sucking  lice,  together  with  a  key  to 
some  related  species  of  the  genus  Polyplax.  [10]  29  (5): 
118-121.  Ewing,  H.  E. — The  occurrence  of  Proturans  in 
western  North  America.  [10]  29:  146-147.  :;:Hood,  J.  D.- 
Three  new  Phlaeothripidae  (Thysanoptera)  from  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia.  [10]  29  (5)":  111-116.'  1  pi.  Light,  S. 
F. — A  new  and  more  exact  method  of  expressing  important 
specific  characters  of  termites.  [Univ.  Cal.  Pub.,  Ent.|  4: 
715-88,  ill.  Walker,  E.  M.— The  Odonata  of  the  Canadian 
Cordillera.  [Prov.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Victoria,  B.  C.]  16  pp. 

(S)  *Hood,  J.  D. — New  Thysanoptera  from  the  United 
States.  [6].  35:  123-142.  2  pi."  927.  '  *Needham,  J.  G.,  and 
E.  Broughton. — Central  American  stoneflies,  with  descrip- 
tions of  new  species  (Plecoptera).  [6]  35:  109-120  1  pi. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Cleveland,    L     R.— Natural    and    ex 
perimental     ingestion     of     Paramoecium     b\-     cockroaches, 
[Science]     66:'     222.     Davis,   W.   T.— Tin-    rearing  of   pink 


\\.\viii,    '27  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL     XF.WS  289 

katy-dids.  |6J  33:  171-174.  Friedrich,  H.— I  ntersuchun- 
^en  iiber  die  tibialen  sinnesapparate  in  den  mittleren  und 
hinteren  extremitaten  von  Locustiden.  |154|  73:  42-4S. 
ill. 

(N)  Caudell,  A.  N.— Problems  in  Taxonomy.  |1(')|  29 
(5):  129-132. 

(S)  Caudell,  A.  N. — Zorotvpus  longicercatus,  a  new  spe- 
cie's of  Zoraptera  from  Jamaica.  [10 1  29:  144-145,  ill. 
Rehn  &  Hebard.--The  orthoptera  of  the  \\'est  Indies.  No. 
1.  I'dattidae.  [f.2|  54:  1-320.  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— Hudson,  G.  V.— Notes  on   variation  in 

neutral  structure  of  X.  Zealand  cicadas.  |  Tr.  X.  Zeal. 
Inst.'l  58:  73-74. 

(N)  ••'Drake  &  Harris. — Xotes  on  the  s^enus  Rhagovelia 
with  descriptions  of  six  new  species.  [105]  40:  131-138. 
:;:Knight,  H.  H — Xe\v  species  and  a  new  -enns  of  Deraeo- 
corinae  from  North  America.  i.Miridae).  [19]  22:  136-143. 
:;:Lawson,  P.  B. — The  i;'enns  (assns  in  America  north  of 
Mexico.  (Cicadellidae).  [4]  '  59:  167-174,  ill. 

(S)  *Blanchard,  E.— Aphid  notes.  [145]  8:  12-22.  324- 
337.  ill.  Blanchard,  E.  E. — Sovre  tin  Tin^ido  nuevo  para 
la  fauna  argentina.  [145]  8:  361-3(>3.  ill.  :::Esaki,  T. — An 
interesting  new  ^enus  and  species  of  Hydrometridae  from 
South  America.  '[9|  60:  1S1-1S4.  -Funkhouser,  W.  D.- 
X"ew  Alembracidae  collected  by  the  ( Ornell  South  Amer- 
ican Expedition.  [6]  35  (2)  :  159-164.  1  pi.  :;:Goding,  F. 
W.— Xew  Membracidar.  III.  |n|  35:  1<>7-170.  Coding, 
F.  W. — Revision  on  the  Membracidae  of  South  America  and 
Antilles.  [6]  35:  lS3-l<n.  -Hungerford,  H.  B.— A  new 
Ramphocorixa  from  Haiti  ( Corixidae).  [138|  Xo.  278:2p]>. 
Pinto,  C — Spini^'er  domesticus.  n.  sp.  hemiptere  suceur 
d'insectes,  (  l\edn\riidae.  .subf.  Reduviinae).  [77]  97: 
833-835. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Frost,  S.  W.--Notes  on  the  life- 
liistory  of  the  four-banded  leaf-roller,  Kulia  quadrifasciana. 
|4]  59:  149-152,  ill.  Hepp,  A. —  Uiolo.uische  beobachtun- 
^•en.  ( (ji-ossschmetterlin^ci.  |  S'' )  |  1 :  79-80,  cont.  Kuehn, 
A. — Ueber  die  iinderun^  des  zeichnungsmusters  \-oii  schmet- 
tcrlin-en  (lurch  tempcraturrei/c  und  das  grundschema  der 
X\  ni])haliilen/eichmm^.  |  . \actr.  (les.  \\'iss.,  M  ath-1 'h\  s. 
l\l.|  1926:  120-141.  ill.  Noel  et  Paillot.— Sur  la  participa- 
tion du  noyau  a  la  secretion  dans  Irs  cellule--  des  tubes 
sericiyenes  die/  le  lioinbyx  du  Alurier.  |  77  |  97:  7o4  7o(>. 


290  KXTOMOLOGICAL     NKWS  |X()V.,     '27 

Philpott,  A. — The  modification  of  the  eighth  stern ite  in 
Microdes.  [Tr.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.]  58:  91-92,  ill.  Pohlman, 
Hans — Massenflug  von  Herse  convolvuli  in  alter  und  neuer- 
er  Zeit.  [17]  44:  26-27.  1927.  Rogers,  W.  P.— Collect- 
ing notes  on  Eurema  lisa  (Bdv.  &  Lee.)  in  the  vicinity  of 
Fall  River,  Massachusetts.  [19]  22:  125.  Stephan,  J.- 
Der  Schmetterling  als  Speise.  [Der  XTaturfreund,  Detmold] 
4:  266-269.  (Also  in  Unsere  Welt,  Detmold,  19 :  242-245). 

(N)  :;:Bell,  E.  L. — Description  of  a  new  race  of  Pam- 
philia  juba  Scudder  [6]  35:  175-176.  :!:Bird,  H.--A 
new  arrangement  and  a  new  generic  name  in  the  Gortynid 
series  of  the  Acronvetinae  (Lepidoptera).  [6]  35:  179- 
182.  *Dyar  &  Heinrich. — The  American  moths  of  the 
genus  Diatraea  and  allies.  [50]  71.  Art.  19:  48-pp.,  ill. 
"McDunnough,  J. — The  lepidoptera  of  the  Seton  Lake 
region  British  Columbia.  [4]  59:  152-162,  ill.  cont. 

(S)  Bouvier,  E.  L. — Etude  sur  les  ceratocampides  de  la 
collection  Charles  O'berthtir.  [Ann.  Sci.  Xat.  Zool.]  10: 
233-288.  3  pi.  6  fig.  Schade,  Fr. — Entomologische  Skizzen 
aus  Paraguay.  [17]  44:  23-24.  1()27.  *Schaus,  W.- 
New  species  of  Heterocera  from  Central  and  South  Amer- 
ica. [10]  29:  .  101-111.  Schreiter,  R.— Observaciones 
b-iologicas  sobre  las  especies  Tucumanas  de  los  generos 
Dysdaemonia,  Rothschildia  y  Copaxa.  [Univ.  Xac.  Tucn- 
man,  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.]  no.  4:  17pp.,  ill.  Sphingidae  estudio 
sobre  las  especies  Tucumanas  de  esta  familia  [I.e.]  no.  9: 
24pp.,  ill. 

DIPTERA.— Aldrich,  J.  M.— The  dipterous  parasites  of 
the  migratory  locust  of  tropical  America  (Schistocerca 
paranensis).  '[12]  20:  588-593.  Mueller,  R.— Fliegen  als 
krankheitsiibertrager.  [Die  Umschau,  Frankf.  a.  M.,]  3.1: 
648-649,  ill.  Ribeiro,  S. — A  note  on  a  simulid  larva  found 
associated  with  a  may-fly  nymph,  [jour.  &  Proc.  Asiatic 
Soc.  Bengal]  22:  69-70,  ill.  Smith,'  K.  M.— A  study  of 
Hylemyia  brassicae,  the  cabbage  root  fly  and  its  parasites. 
[fir>]  "14:  312-330,  ill. 

(N)  *Curran,  C.  H. — Some  new  American  Tachinidae. 
[19]  22:  144-154.  Curran,  C.  H. —  Four  new  American 
diptera.  [138]  Xo.  275  :  4pp.,  ill.  *Huckett,  H.  C.— A  nrw 
kelp  fly  from  Long  Island  (  Fncellia).  |1'»|  22:  K.3- 
165,  ill! 

(S)  :!:Brethes,  J. — Notas  sobre  los  Anophelinos  argen- 
linos.  [145]  8:  305-315,  ill.  Cleare,  L.  D.— Notes  on  the 


xxxviii,  '27]  KXTOMOI.OC.ICAL    NK\VS  291 

breeding  habits  of  two  mosquitos.  \22\  17:  405-409.  1  pi. 
:::Duda,  O. — Die  siidamerikanischen  Drosophiliden  unter 
beriicksichtigung  auch  der  andercn  neotropischen  sowie  der 
nearktischen  arten.  [111|  1925,  A,  ill):  1-144.  Cont 

COLEOPTERA.— Duncan,  D.  K.  An  unusual  condition 
found  in  collecting  water  beetles  in  Ari/.oiia.  |1''|  22:  14.x 
Frers,  A.  G. —  .Metaiimrfnsis  de  coleoptenis  argentino>. 
(145)  8:  S2-(>2.  ill.  Jaques.  H.  E.— A  preliminary  survey 
of  mav  beetles  in  ln\va.  |  Pn>c.  I  own  Acad.  Sci.,]  33:  337- 
339.  Knaus,  W. — 1('26  Collecting  notes  on  Kansa>  Coleop- 
tera.  [l('j  22:  12(>-127.  Rittershaus,  K.— Studien  zur 
morphologic  und  biologie  von  Phyllopertha  horticola  und 
Anomala  aenea.  [122]  8:  1-408,  ill  Spaeth,  F.—Ueber 
eine  den  palaarktischen  Arten  nahe  verwandte  neue  nord- 
amerikanische  Cassida.  ( Cassida  relicta).  [79]  13:  112-114. 

(X)  Boving,  A.  G. — On  the  classification  of  the  Mylab- 
ridae-larvae.  (Mylabridac).  [10]  29:  133-142,"  ill. 
"Brown,  W.  J. — A  revision  of  the  species  of  Aphodius  of 
Horn's  -series.  [4]  59:  162-167.  -Fall,  H.  C.— A  new 
genus  and  species  of  Dytiscidae.  [6]  35:  177-178. 
Fisher,  W.  S. — A  change  of  name  in  Anobiidae.  [10]  29 
(5):  116.  Hardy,  G.  A. — IHiorestidae  of  Vancouver 
Island;  Cerambycidac  of  same,  [Rept.  Provincial  Museum 
Xat.  Hist.,  1926]  Victoria,  ?,.  C]  1927:  32-34,  34-37,  ill. 

(S)  *Bruch,  C. — Colcopteros  nuevos  y  poco  conocidos. 
Cerambicidos  nuevos  o  poco  conocidos.  [145]  8:  199-211; 
338-348,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA. — Eidmann,  H.— Ameiscn  und  blatt- 
liiuse.  [107]  47:  537-556,  ill.  Jaubert,  G.  F.— Sur 
1'origine'  de  la  couleur  jaune  de  la  cire  des  abeilles. 
[Comptes  Rendus.  Acad.  Sci.  Paris.]  185:  405-6.  Lein- 
inger,  H. —  Kin  lateraler  /.witter  von  <  Mynerns  reniformis 
(Vespidae).  |\'erh.  Xaturw.  Ver.,  Karlsruhe,]  30:  \<>2- 
Io7  ill  Morison,  G.  D.—  \cariiu-  disease  and  the  muscles 
of  the  honey  bee  [Xatnre.  London]  1<)27.  Aug.  20:  259-260. 
Mukerjee,  D. — Digestive  and  reproductive  systems  of  the 
male  ant  "Dorylus  labiatns.  [  |our.  Ov  Proc.  Asiatic  Soc. 
Bengal.]  22:  "87-(>l.  ill.  Plath,  O.  E.— Psithyrns  labori- 
osns,  an  unwelcome  guest  in  the  hives  of  Apis  mellifica. 
[19]  22:  121-125.  Smith,  R.  C.— Observations  on  Euplec- 
trus  |)latyhypenae  Ilo\v.  ( ( "halcidaeV  a  parasite  of  noctuid 
larvae.  "1("'  22:  12S-134.  ill. 


292  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  |  Xov.,    '27 

(N)  Bertoni,  A.  de  W. — Xuevos  caracteres  para  la  classi- 
fication de  los  himenopteres  vespoideos.  |  Rev.  Soc.  C'ien. 
Paraguay  1  2:  147-148.  Phillips,  W.  J.— Two  new  species 
of  Harmolita  [10]  29  (5):  125-129.  1  pi.  *Schwarz,  H. 
F. — Notes  on  some  anthicliine  bees  of  Montana  and  Cali- 
fornia. [138]  Xo.  277:  8pp. 

(S)  Sta'rcke,  A. — B'eginnende  Divergenz  bei  Myrmica 
cobicornis  Xyl.  [30]  70:  73-84,  ill. 


SPECIAL  NOTICES. 

Students  of  geographical  distribution  and  other  aspects 
of  ecology  will  find  a  vast  mass  of  useful  meteorological 
data  in  "World  Weather  Records  Collected  from  Official 
Sources  .  .  .  Assembled  and  Arranged  for  Publication  by 
H.  Helm  Clayton."  Smithsonian  Misc.  Collections,  vol.  79 
Aug.  22,  1927,  pp.  vii,  1199. 


BIOLOGIE  DEK  HvMENOPTEREN,  eiue  Naturgeschiclite  der 
Hautfliigler,  by  H.  BISCHOFF,  Curator  at  the  Zoological  Mu- 
seum of  the  University  of  Berlin.  Julius  Springer,  Berlin,  1927. 
Pp.  viii,  598,  224  ills.  27  Reichsmark. — What  an  entranc- 
ing title,  and  what  pleasure  we  anticipate  from  the  reading 
of  a  comprehensive  account  of  the  biology  of  that  order  of 
insects  which  presents  such  a  diversity  of  habits  and  whose 
members  have  so  many  interesting  structural  and  physiological 
adaptations.  And  in  truth,  we  are  not  disappointed.  The  book 
does  give  an  excellent  summarization,  in  a  well  organized  form, 
of  the  information  at  present  available  upon  the  natural  his- 
tory of  the  hymenoptera.  In  it  materials  heretofore  widely 
scattered  have  been  brought  together,  reorganized  to  suit  the 
author's  scheme  of  presentation,  and  given  to  us  in  a  very 
condensed  but  still  remarkably  readable  form.  The  space  given 
to  any  special  subject  is  not  necessarily  in  proportion  to  the 
quantity  of  the  existing  literature,  for,  as  the  author  explains, 
in  respect  to  certain  topics  such  as  the  habits  of  honey  bees 
and  of  ants,  upon  which  adequate  comprehensive  accounts  al- 
ready exist,  he  has  given  us  only  a  relatively  brief  report. 
Theoretical  considerations  are  usually  kept  more  in  the  back- 
ground and  unsafe  generalizations  are  avoided.  The  author 
discusses,  but  does  not  overemphasize,  biological  adaptations 
as  being  useful  in  explaining  the  phylogenetic  origin  of  habits, 
such  as  parasitism,  because  of  the  probability  of  numerous 
convergences.  At  times,  however,  the  author  does  pause  to 


XXXVlii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  293 

tell  us  of  theories  essaying  to  explain  the  phenomena  he  is 
describing,  and  here  \ve  mav  not  always  agree  with  the  par- 
ticular explanation  a<lyocate<l,  a  circumstance  which  does  not 
necessarily  detract  from  our  interest  lint  rather  heightens  it. 
Regarding  the  building  of  drone  comh  hy  the  hive  hee,  the 
author  agrees  with  (Juellc's  theory  which  states  that  drone 
cells,  which  re(|nirr  more  wax  than  worker  cells,  are  built  as 
the  result  of  an  overproduction  of  wax  which  in  turn  is  due  to 
a  superabundance  oi  bees,  or,  in  queenless  colonies,  to  lack 
of  other  employment  for  the  bees  which  would  ordinarily  be 
engaged  in  nursing  the  young.  Less  crowded  working  con- 
ditions at  such  times  are  also  a  factor  in  allowing  the  individual 
cells  to  become  larger  in  diameter.  The  author  also  describes 
the  origin  of  hexagonal  cells, — the  building  and  molding  of  a 
circular  cell  by  the  bee  within  it  is  interfered  with  by  the  bees 
which  are  shaping  the  adjacent  cells  on  all  sides  so  that  a 
hexagonal  cell  results.  In  the  chapter  on  social  organization 
he  largely  concurs  in  Legewie's  recent  views.  The  production 
of  workers  is  explained  as  being  due  to  underfeeding  of  the 
larvae.  Since,  in  the  chapter  on  sexuality,  we  are  told  that 
fertilized  bee  eggs  must  contain  anlagen  capable  of  develop- 
ing into  either  queens  or  workers,  according  to  the  nature  and 
to  the  amount  ol  tood  supplied  to  the  larva,  it  is  not  clear 
how  these  anlagen  for  worker  characteristics,  present  in  the 
egg,  can  be  due  to  underfeeding  of  the  subsequent  larva.  The 
underfeeding  theory  must  therefore  be.  as  we  had  already 
suspected,  a  theory  of  the  phylogenetic  origin  of  the  worker 
caste.  Then  Buttel-Reepen's  theory,  that  since  more  female's 
than  drones  are  produced  the  extra  females  must  remain 
spinsters  and  can  help  only  in  rearing  the  offspring  of  the 
fertilized  females,  a  theory  which  our  author  rejects,  is  in 
its  method  of  reasoning  not  far  removed  from  that  of  Legewie. 
\Ye  cannot  stop  to  outline  here  the  practical  objections  which 
can  readily  be  made  to  the  above  theories  individually:  since 
such  objections  lead  only  to  the  formulation  of  accessory 
hypotheses  on  the  part  of  the  adherents.  The  author  him- 
self realizes  the  difficulties  encountered  in  attempting  an  ex- 
planation of  the  origin  of  castes.  He  realizes  the  necessity 
of  admitting  the  presence  of  anlagen  for  both  queen  and 
worker  in  the  same  egg  but  believes  that  these  worker  anlagen 
could  not  have  been  laid  down  in  the-  egg  before  the  worker 
caste  had  first  come  into  existence,  phylo^enetically.  Hut  since 
these  workers,  -aid  to  hi-  first  formed  by  underfeeding,  do  not 
reproduce,  it  is  hard  to  see  how  they  can  transmit  any  of  their 


294  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Nov.,    '27 

characteristics.  We  see  here  the  difficulties  besetting  any 
attempted  Lamarckian  explanation  and  yet  new  Lamarckian 
theories  continue  to  crop  up,  not  only  as  an  explanation  for  the 
castes  but  also  in  regard  to  feeding  habits,  nest-building, 
parasitism,  etc.,  theories  which  are  surely  not  scientific  and 
which  often  indicate  but  little  more  discernment  than  the 
older  one,  that  insects  acted  according  to  intelligence  and  rea- 
son. Except  for  the  pleasure  of  thinking  them  up,  the  value 
of  such  theories  remains  obscure.  The  volume  is  supplied 
with  a  table  of  contents,  an  adequate  subject  index  and  a 
generic  index  in  which  almost  six-hundred  genera  are  listed. 
The  page  headings  are  an  added  convenience  to  the  reader. 
The  bibliography  is  not  intended  to  be  complete  but  gives 
preference  to  the  more  recent  literature.  The  following  chapter 
headings  may  serve  to  indicate  the  scope  of  the  book.  1. 
Anatomy,  taxonomy,  phylogeny,  distribution,  variation.  2.  Lo- 
comotion and  rest.  3.  Nutrition.  4.  Respiration  and  cir- 
culation. 5.  Nervous  system  and  sense  life.  6.  Nests  of  the 
aculeate  hymenoptera.  7.  Nests  of  the  social  hymenoptera. 
8.  Eggs  and  egg-laying.  9.  Care  of  the  young.  10.  Parasitism. 
11.  Social  life.  12.  Sexuality.  13.  Ontogeny.  14.  Special 
adaptations,  diseases,  economic  significance. 

R.  G.  SCIIMIEDER. 


GUIDE  TO  THE  INSECTS  OF  CONNECTICUT,  PART  V.  THE 
ODONATA  OR  DRAGONFLIES  OF  CONNECTICUT.  By  PHILIP  GAR- 
MAN,  Ph.  D.,  Assistant  Entomologist,  Conn.  Agric.  Exper.  Sta. 
State  of  Conn.  State  Geol.  &  Nat.  Hist.  Survey,  Bull.  No.  39. 
Hartford,  1927.  331  pp.,  22  pis.,  67+ text  figs.— In  1917  Dr. 
Garman  published  an  excellent  work  on  the  Zygoptera  of 
Illinois  (Bull.  111.  St.  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  xii,  art.  IV).  Having 
joined  the  staff  of  the  Connecticut  Station  some  years  ago,  it 
is,  therefore,  eminently  appropriate  that  he  should  undertake 
the  preparation  of  the  Odonate  part  of  the  series  on  Con- 
necticut Insects  which  Dr.  W.  E.  Britton  is  pushing  on  with 
commendable  energy.  As  the  total  number  of  genera  and 
species  treated  in  this  volume  is  respectively  48  and  164,  it  has 
been  possible  to  devote  more  space  to  the  description  of  each 
species  than  was  the  case  in  parts  III  and  IV  on  the 
Hymenoptera  and  Hemiptera  respectively;  112  of  these  species 
are  stated  (p.  299)  to  have  been  actually  recorded  from  Con- 
necticut. In  this  connection  it  may  be  noted  that  not  all  the 
Connecticut  records  and  species  given  by  Dr.  R.  H.  Howe,  Jr., 
in  his  Manuftl  of  the  Odonata  of  Nczv  Eiu/land,  are  included. 


xxxviii,   '27]  ENTO.MOI.OC.K  .\r.    XK\VS 

The  numbers  of  species  described  in  this  new  work  is  such  that 
the  latter  will  be  useful  over  a  large  area  outside  of  Connecticut ; 
thus,  of  the  126  species  listed  for  Indiana  by  Williamson  in  1917 
and  1920,  107  are  dealt  with  here.  . \niong  the  more  novel  or 
peculiar  features  of  this  book  mav  be  noted  the  view  of  the 
close  relationship  of  <  Monata,  1'lecoptera  and  Xeuroptera  (p. 
17),  the  degree  of  curvature  of  the  mesopleural  (humeral) 
suture  as  separating  C'ordulinae  from  Libellulinae  (pp.  18,  200), 
the  recognition  of  the  microthorax  as  one  of  four  thoracic 
segmen-ts  (p.  21).  of  the  trochanter  as  two-segmented  (p.  23), 
the  discussion  of  the  nomenclature  of  the  venation  (pp.  23-2't) 
and  of  the  relative  rank  of  Agrionidae  |  Caloptervgidae  |  and 
Coenagrionidae  (pp.  26-27),  the  use  of  the'  labial  palpi  as  the 
primary  character  separating  the  adults  of  the  Libellulidae  and 
Aeshnidae  (p.  11')),  which  had  been  previously  done  by  Ris  in 
a  modified  form  (Cat.  Coll.  Selys,  Libel,  pp. '7.  8,  1909),  the 
non-separation  of  ( 'ordulinae  from  Libellulinae  as  such  in 
the  keys  (pp.  199-200)  and  the  use  of  Tillvard's  tribes  in  these 
groups  (ibid.).  There  is  a  useful  bibliography,  especially  that 
section  of  it  which  lists  papers  treating  of  each  State  of  the 
United  States  (pp.  296-7).  There  are  many  pages  of  outline 
figures  with,  we  are  glad  to  observe,  the  names  of  the  species 
or  genera  in  close  proximity.  At  the  end  of  the  volume  are  22 
excellent  half-tone  plates,  illustrating  whole  larvae  or  whole 
adults,  or  details  of  the  structure  of  both  stages.  \Ve  should 
not  fail  to  remark  that  much  space  in  the  text  is  devoted  to 
keys  and  descriptions  of  larvae  as  well  as  of  the  imagos. 
Altogether  Dr.  Carman  has  given  us  a  very  useful  manual  and 
it  is  in  no  censorious  spirit  that  we  add  a  list  of  some  cor- 
rections which  we  hope  will  aid  beginners  in  the  study  of  this 
group. 

I*.  30.  The  name  Boyeria  attached  to  lig.  7  should  be 
HtisiticscliiKi  as  in  the  legend  at  the  bottom  of  the  page. 

P.  35,  footnote.  The  lack  of  homology  between  the  in- 
ferior appendage  of  Anisoptera  and  the  interiors  of  the 
Zygoptera  was  pointed  out  long  be-fore  Crampton's  paper  of 
1918,  c.  ;/.,  by  Rambur,  Nevropteres,  1842,  p.  14;  Culvert. 
Trans.  Amer.  Soc.  xx,  p.  199,  1893. 

P.  37.  The  key  to  adults,  rubric  3.  second  sentence,  "meso- 
pleural suture  with  a  black  or  dark  brown  stripe"  will  not 
lead  orange  and  olive  females  of  Isclinurii  ntinhurii  and 
.liiunujhitji-ion  Inislutitin  to  these  genera  as  these  females  ha\e 
no  such  stripe  (cf.  p.  43).  The  corresponding  key  in  the  au- 
thor's Z\yo[>tcra  of  Illinois,  p.  500,  is  more  cautiously  worded. 


296  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Nov.,    "27 

P.  38.  The  character  given  for  the  separation  of  the  genera 
Tdcallagma,  and  Enallagnui,  based  on  the  point  of  termination 
of  Cu2  must  be  used  with  caution  for  the  smaller  species  of 
the  latter  genus. 

P.  125.  The  second  sentence,  -rubric  1,  key  to  adults,  seems 
to  be  self -contradictory. 

P.  129.  The  word  "cross-"  has  been  omitted  before  "vein" 
in  the  fifth<  line  from  the  bottom  and,  Dr.  Carman  adds  in  a 
letter,  in  the  first  line  of  the  descriptions  of  adults  on  pages 
126,  141  and  167. 

P.   162,  line  31.    "cephalo-mesal"  should  be  "cephalo-lateral." 

P.  171.  Aeshna  (Coryphacscluia)  ingcns  Ramb.,  of  the 
Gulf  States,  would  fall  in  Epiacschna  by  this  key  to  adults. 

Pp.  202  (under  Didyniops),  204  (under  Macromia},  207 
(under  Epicordidia),  241  (under  Libclliila],  292  (under 
Pantala),  etc.  The  term  "subtriangle,"  although  not  restricted 
by  its  definition  in  the  glossary,  p.  304,  is  on  these  pages  ap- 
plied apparently  to  the  hind  wings  only.  This  use  of  the  term 
is  rather  unfortunate,  as  some  authors,  c.  g.  Kirby.  have  em- 
ployed "subtriangular  space"  to  designate  the  area  on  the  front 
wings  which  has  also  been  called  the  "'internal  triangle." 

P.  206.  A  possible  ambiguity  in  the  first  rubric  of  the  key 
to  adults  might  be  obviated  by  inserting  in  the  fifth  line  the 
word  "not"  before  "greatly".  Some  species  of  Tctragoncuna 
(canis,  spinosa)  frequently  have  the  triangle  of  the  hind  wing 
with  a  cross-vein  and  hence  are  liable  to  mfslead  in  rubric  6  of 
this  key. 

P.  259.  The  words  "triangle  of  the"  have  been  omitted 
froni  before  "front"  in  line  34. 

P.  261-2,  key  to  adults,  rubrics  1,  4,  and  p.  262,  generic 
description  of  adults  of  Erythrodiplax.  The  characters  drawn 
from  the  point  of  origin  of  Cu2  and  the  number  of  antenodal 
cross-veins  do  not  apply  to  many  of  the  species  of  this  genus 
which  are  not  found  in  Connecticut. 

P.  284,  line  8  from  bottom.  A  transverse  carina  may  exist 
on  segment  2,  bounding  the  groove  anteriorly. 

P.  P.  CALVERT. 

OBITUARY. 

GEORGE  CHARLES  CHAMPION,  coleopterist,  collector  in  Guate- 
mala and  Panama  and  secretary  for  the  Bioloyia  Ccntnili- 
Americana,  died  August  8,  1927,  at  Woking,  England.  We 
hope  to  give  a  fuller  notice  of  his  work  later. 


NEW  ADDRESS 

FOR  SUBSCRIPTIONS  FOR  1928  NOW  PAYABLE 
See  next  page. 

DECEMBER,  1927 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XXXVIII 


No.  10 


JAMES  H.  B.  BLAND, 

1833-1911 

CONTENTS 

Hicks — Stelis  permaculata  Ckll. ,  a  Parasite  of  Heriades  carinatus  Cress. 

(Hymen.:  Stelididae  and  Megachilididae) 297 

Rohwer — What  is  the  first  Insect  known  from  North  America  ?  .    .    .    .        300 
Knight — New  Species  of  Mimetic  Miridae  from  North  America  (Hemip- 

tera) 301' 

Smith — An  Additional   Annotated  List  of  Ants  of  Mississippi,  with  a 

Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Pheidole  (Hymen.:   Forniicidae)       308 
Knight — Dacerla   downesi,   a   New   Species   of   Miridae   from    Oregon 

(Hemiptera) ...  314 

Hungerford — Coleopterist  in  the  University  of  Kansas 315 

Editorial— Changes  in  the  News  for  1928 31' 

Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  resigns  as  Chief,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology,  Dr. 

C.  L.  Marlutt  appointed  to  succeed  him 31 


Johannsen — The  Fourth  International  Congress  of  Entomology . 
Byers — Automobile  Collecting  (Odonata,  Diptera:  Tabanidae)  .  .    .    . 
Laurent — The    Oriental    Moth,   Rusicada    fulvida,   in    Peun.    (Lepid. 

Noctuidae) 

Entomological  Literature 

Review — Kingsbury  and  Johannsen's  Histological  Technique 


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JNTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS_ 

VOL.  XXXVIII          DECEMBER,  1927  No.  10 

Stelis  permaculata  Ckll.,  a  Parasite  of  Heriades 

carinatus  Cress.  (Hymen.:  Stelididae 

and  Megachilidae). 

By  CHARLES  H.   HICKS,  University  of   Colorado, 
Boulder,  Colorado. 

Many  females  of  Heriades  cariiidtns  Cress.*  were  observed 
nesting  in  tunnels  in  old  cottnmvood  stumps,  along  irrigation 
ditches  on  the  plains  east  of  Boulder,  Colorado,  during  July 
and  August,  1926.  The  stumps,  free  from  bark,  contained 
many  small  holes  and  tunnels  made  by  coleopterous  larvae 
which  served  as  nesting  places  for  bees  and  wasps.  The  tun- 
nels used  by  H.  carinatus  were  found  in  the  harder  wood; 
those  in  the  parts  soft  from  decay  being  used  very  little  or  not 
at  all.  The  bee  nested  on  all  sides  of  the  stump;  the  north 
side,  however,  being  used  the  least.  The  entrance  to  the  tun- 
nel, after  the  bee  had  finished  preparing  and  provisioning  the 
nest,  was  sealed  with  a  small  plug  of  resin,  material  which  was 
also  used  for  partitions. 

On  August  2,  a  female  was  seen  carrying  out  old  pieces  of 
wood  and  remains  of  a  former  nest.  The  hole  to  the  outside 
was  a  little  more  than  one  millimeter  in  diameter,  barely  larger 
than  the  bee.  While  working  she  would  back  out,  carrying 
the  debris  in  her  mandibles,  and  would  drop  it  a  few  inches 
from  the  nest.  This  was  usually  done  while  she  was  on  the 
wing,  although  sometimes  she  turned  about  and  dropped  it 
while  holding  on  to  the  sides  of  the  stump  with  her  feet.  The 
material  was  not  excavated  but  removed,  for  all  evidence  points 
to  the  use  of  tunnels  already  made. 

The  entrance  to  the  nest  was  marked  with  a  circle  of  ink 
and  some  observations  made  on  the  bee.  (  >n  August  3,  the 
nest  was  not  watched.  On  August  4,  the  bee  was  collecting 

*This  hoc  and  its  parasite  have  been  determined  by  Professor 
T.  D.  A.  Cockerell. 

297 


298  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,  '27 

pollen  all  forenoon.  She  would  enter  head  first,  stay  for  a 
few  seconds,  then  back  out.  Turning  around  on  the  outside, 
she  would  then  insert  her  abdomen  into  the  entrance  and  while 
holding  on  by  her  feet  and  assisted  by  her  wings  would  back 
inside  out  of  view.  This  was  repeatedly  observed  and  it  was 
always  found  that  the  first  entrance  was  to  deposit  nectar  or 
inspect  the  nest;  the  second  to  deposit  the  pollen  from  the 
ventral  scopa.  The  tunnel  was  so  narrow,  in  most  instances, 
that  the  bee  was  compelled  to  come  out  and  back  in,  in  order 
to  place  the  pollen  in  the  cell. 

An  estimate  of  the  average  period  of  time  spent  collecting 
pollen,  depositing  it  and  the  like  was  made.  The  bee  was 
found  to  remain  within  for  about  30  seconds  following  the 
first  entrance  after  each  collecting  trip;  55  seconds  were  spent 
depositing  the  pollen;  and  12  minutes  for  each  trip  to  the 
fields  collecting  pollen. 

At  this  nest  and  other  nests  of  this  stump  and  others,  speci- 
mens of  a  Stclis  parasite  were  observed  flying  about  or  entering 
the  tunnels.  This  species  is  Stclis  permaculata  Ckll.,  a  com- 
mon parasite  here  of  H.  carinatus.  The  habits  of  this  parasite 
have  been  observed  to  some  extent. 

One  S.  pcnnaculata  female  entered  the  nest  of  H.  carinatus 
while  the  latter  was  away.  She  went  into  the  tunnel  head 
first,  backing  out  after  a  few  seconds.  Immediately  she  turned 
about,  placing  her  abdomen  in  the  hole  much  as  the  host  does 
in  depositing  pollen,  and  backed  in  out  of  sight.  A  vial  was 
then  placed  over  the  entrance  and  this  individual  taken  on 
leaving  36  seconds  later.  The  purpose  of  backing  in  was 
doubtless  to  lay  an  egg,  for  there  seems  no  other  reasonable 
explanation  for  such  an  action.  Other  females  of  this  species 
were  found  to  enter  nests  of  H.  carinatus  and  I  have  since 
opened  the  tunnels  of  many,  taken  from  these  stumps  and 
located  by  the  outer  resin  plug,  and  have  found  the  larvae  of 
H.  carinatus  and  the  cocoons  of  S.  pcnnaculata.  The  cocoon 
looks  very  much  like  the  cocoons  of  S.  s'c.vmaculata  and  other 
Stclis  cocoons.  S.  pcnnaculata  has  not  before  been  found 
common,  although  this  summer  a  number  of  specimens  were 
taken  and  many  more  could  easily  have  been  secured. 


xxxviii,  '27] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS 


299 


On  August  4,  I  observed  a  specimen  of  H.  mrlnatus  working 
for  a  long  time  at  an  outer  resin  plug,  some  8  feet  above  the 
ground.  "While  she  was  working  another  female  of  the  same 
species  clashed  upon  the  one  at  work,  both  falling  to  the  ground. 
A  few  minutes  later  one  was  caught  while  working  at  the 
resin.  Soon  the  other  returned  and  worked  until  T  took  her 
15  minutes  later.  Both  were  working  at  the  same  entrance 
but  whether  each  used  the  same  tunnel  for  nesting  is  not  known. 
A  single  female  has  been  found  to  each  nest  observed,  with 
this  one  exception.  It  does  not  seem  probable  that  one  was 
stealing  the  resin  from  another  or  that  it  was  being  eaten,  for 
later  observations  showed  no  repetition  of  this  association. 

A  number  of  nests  of  H.  curiiia/us  have  been  studied.  They 
are  irregular  tunnels  varying  in  length.  One  had  a  resin  plug 
2  mm.  thick  filling  the  entrance,  followed  by  an  empty  space 
of  5  mm.,  and  again  a  resin  plug  of  4  mm.  The  cells  were 
below  this  and  were  separated  by  thin  partitions  of  resin  from 
.5  to  1.2  in  thickness.  The  resin  is  sometimes  very  light  and 
again  quite  yellow  or  almost  brown.  The  dark  color,  especially 
in  the  case  of  the  plugs,  may  be  due  to  the  bee  having  used 
older  resin  or  to  the  effects  of  weather  conditions.  The  fact 
that  the  bee  nests  in  the  harder  parts  of  the  wood  makes  it 
rather  difficult  to  take  the  nests  without  injury  to  the  larvae. 
However,  during  the  fall  and  winter  mature  insects,  both  of 
the  host  and  of  the  parasite,  have  been  reared  in  the  laboratory. 
The  development  has  been  materially  hastened  by  the  increased 
temperature  of  the  laboratory. 

An  account  of  the  habits  of  the  bees  of  the  genus  Hcriadcs 
(written  Eriadcs)  of  Europe  has  been  given  by  Friese.*  Un- 
der the  name  Eriadcs  he  also  includes  the  two  genera,  Chcl- 
ostoma  and  Trypetes. 

These  bees  have  been  found  nesting  in  holes  in  posts,  beams, 
trunks  of  trees,  straw  roofs,  in  the  loam  walls  of  houses  and 
have  been  considered  to  use,  in  most  cases,  tunnels  already 
constructed.  Friese  states  that  the  name,  "Bohrbiene" 


*Fricsc,    H.,    Die    EuropuisclK-n     BiuK-n     (Apklae). 
Leipzig.  1923. 


Berlin    und 


300  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

(Trypctcs)  by  Schenck,  is  probably  due  to  the  assumption  that 
the  animals  drill  new  holes  into  old  trunks  of  trees  but  states 
that  he  has  never  been  able  to  observe  this.  Sometimes  the 
side  tunnels  of  the  nest  of  an  Odyncnis  are  appropriated  or 
again  that  of  some  "wood  wasp."  The  partitions  between  the 
cells  are  made  of  loam,  sand  and  pebbles,  but  apparently  the 
species  do  not  use  resin  as  does  H .  carinatus  here. 

The  larvae  of  most  European  species,  if  not  all,  spin  a 
cocoon.  This  is  likewise  true  of  H.  carinatus,  the  cocoon  be- 
ing thin  and  much  larger  than  the  animal.  About  the  cocoon, 
usually  near  the  ends,  is  found  the  excrement,  between  it  and 
a  partition  of  resin.  Bees  of  the  genus  Stclis  have  been  found 
parasitic  on  bees  of  the  genus  Hcriadcs  in  Europe.  These 
parasitic  forms  resemble  very  much  the  host  in  appearance. 

According  to  Friese,  Stclis  minima  is  parasitic  on  Eriadcs 
campanularum ;  S.  pycjmaca  on  E.  trunconun;  and  the  wasp, 
Sapyga  claz'iconiis  on  E.  florisomms.  The  fly,  Anthra.r 
acthiops,  and  a  hymenopteron  of  the  genus  Gastcrnption  are 
also  parasites  of  Eriadcs. 


What  is  the  First  Insect  known  from  North  America  ? 

By  S.  A.  ROHWER,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

A  few  weeks  ago,  Professor  E.  O.  Essig-  asked  Dr.  Howard 
to  express  an  opinion  on  what  insect  was  first  described  from 
America.  The  matter  was  referred  to  my  office  for  attention 
and  was  written  up  in  some  detail.  Dr.  Essig  suggested  that 
it  would  be  well  for  this  record  to  be  published  so  it  would  be 
available  to  all  students,  and  inasmuch  as  other  workers  may 
be  interested  in  this  historical  matter  the  following  note  is 
offered. 

There  are  two  ways  to  attack  this  problem.  One  would  be 
the  first  reaction  of  the  taxonomist,  which  would  refer  to 
the  first  insect  which  had  nomenclatorial  standing.  To  find 
the  first  insect  described  from  America  under  this  method  of 
procedure,  it  is  only  necessary  to  consult  the  tenth  edition  of 
Linnaeus,  published  in  1758.  We  find  that  the  very  first  insect 
described  is  a  beetle,  Scarabaeus  hcrcules,  which  is  said  to  come 


xxxviii,  '27]  KXTOMOLOCK  AL    \K\VS  301 

from  America,  and  is  now  known  to  occur  in  Central  Amer- 
ica, the  Antilles,  Guatemala  and  Ecuador.  Restricting  our  in- 
quiry to  North  American  insects,  we  find  that  the  first  species 
to  he  validated  nomenclatorially  is  the  heetle  now  known  as 
Philcnnts  vahjus  Linn.  Other  heetles  which  were  described  in 
the  original  edition  are  Bntclnis  pisonini  (originally  described 
from  seeds  of  peas  in  America),  Silvia  aincrlcana,  Clirysonwla 
philadelphica,  and  Alans  ocitlatus.  The  first  Xearctic  Orthop- 
teroid  to  be  given  standing  in  nomenclature  is  Pcriplancta 
amcricana  (Linn.)  ;  the  first  Lepidopteron,  Papilo  aja.v  Linn.; 
the  first  Heteropteron,  Dysdcrcns  andrcac  (Linn.);  the  first 
Hymenopteron,  Evania  appendigaster  Linn. 

From  a  historical  point  of  view,  this  method  of  determining 
the  oldest  insect  known  from  our  region  is  hardly  satisfactory, 
as  the  zoologists  in  general  very  often  go  back  of  the  tenth  edi- 
tion of  Linnaeus  in  matters  of  historical  interest.  \Yithout 
delving  deeply  into  the  subject,  it  would  seem  that  one  of  the 
first — if  not  the  first — insects  to  be  definitely  recorded  from 
America  is  the  cochineal  insect.  Coccus  cacti.  This  species  un- 
doubtedly was  described  in  many  of  the  early  Spanish  accounts 
of  exploration.  It  was  definitely  mentioned  as  a  kind  of  kermes 
by  Martin  Lister  in  1672,  and  definitely  recognized  as  an  insect 
by  Antony  Van  Leeuwenhoek  in  1705. 

Occurring  along  with  the  original  technical  descriptions  of 
many  insects  in  the  tenth  edition,  there  are  references  to 
earlier  publications  on  these  animals,  and  we  find  in  the  Coleop- 
tera  references  to  literature  on  the  very  first  form  known  to 
have  been  described  dating  back  to  Roesslin,  1557  to  1616, 
and  Marcgraf,  1648;  but  these  references  apparently  do  not 
refer  to  the  insect  as  it  occurs  in  its  native  habitat. 

Mr.  Caudell,  in  looking  up  the  matter  of  the  earliest  known 
Orthopteron,  submitted  the  following  note: 

"Grvllits  (/ryllottilpu  (.'atesby.  Xat.  Mist  Car.,  vol.  1,  plate 
viii  (1731). 

"This  is  the  earliest  American  <  )rtho|>teron  noted  so  far  as 
1  know,  though  the  works  of  Madam  Maria  Sibylla  .Merian 
may  contain  some  and  are  earlier,  1705. 

"Blatta  innlt'iiiluKin'u  Aloufet,  Ins.    \nini.  Theatr.,  p.  138,  fig. 


302  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

1,  2  ( 1634),  is  older  than  the  above  and  the  insect  is  a  synonym 
of  oricntalis,  but  the  new  world  locality  is  not  there  mentioned. 
The  first  reference  to  this  species  known  to  me  with  America 
noted  as  the  habitat  is  by  Linnaeus  in  his  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  x,  p. 
424  (1785)." 

A  similar  investigation  into  the  Lepidoptera  by  Dr.  Schaus 
failed  to  reveal  any  earlier  reference  to  a  lepidopterous  insect. 

With  it  all,  however,  to  find  out  the  first  insect  mentioned 
in  literature  as  occurring  in  North  America  it  would  be  neces- 
sary to  read  all  of  the  early  accounts  of  exploration,  and  of 
course  this  would  be  hardly  worth  while ;  but  it  seems  very 
probable  that  all  of  these  accounts  will  include  some  mention 
of  the  cochineal  insect.  It  is  therefore  very  likely  that  this  is 
the  first  insect  to  be  definitely  recorded  from  America. 


New  Species  of  Mimetic  Miridae  from  North 
America  (Hemiptera).* 

By  HARRY  H.  KNIGHT,  Ames,  Iowa. 

ORECTODERUS  ARCUATUS,  n.  sp. — Smaller  and  more  slender 
than  obliquus  Uhler,  easily  distinguished  in  the  male  by  the 
arcuate  pale  mark  formed  by  the  pale  of  the  cuneus  joining 
with  that  along  inner  margin  of  corium;  female  distinguished 
by  the  strongly  clavate  second  antennal  segment  and  by  the 
polished  surface  of  abdomen. 

$  .  Length  6.7  mm.,  width,  1.9  mm.  Head:  width  1  mm., 
vertex  .44  mm.  Rostrum,  length  2.3  mm.,  reaching  to  middle 
of  intermediate  coxae.  Antennae:  segment  1,  length,  .32  mm.; 
11,  1.88  mm.,  gradually  thickened  to  clavate  (.133  mm.  thick) 
on  apical  half;  III,  1.09  mm.,  slender;  IV,  .62  mm.  Prono- 
tum :  length  .86  mm.,  width  at  base  1.39  mm.;  calli  more 
prominent  than  in  obliquus. 

Black,  shining  except  scutellum  and  mesoscutum,  legs  orange 
red,  tibia  paler,  tarsi  blackish;  hemelytra  including  membrane 
and  veins  black,  clavus  exterior  to  claval  vein,  whitish  translu- 
cent ;  corium  bordering  clavus  and  continuing  around  inner 
apical  angle  to  join  cuneus,  basal  one-third  or  more  of  cuneus, 
white,  or  whitish  translucent.  Clothed  with  simple  fuscous 
pubescence. 

*Contribution    from    the    Department    of    Zoology    and     Entomology 
Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 


xxxviii,  '27  J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NKWS  303 

$  .  Length  4.8  mm.,  brachypterous,  width  of  abdomen  1.6 
mm.  Head:  width  1.15  mm.,  vertex  .5S  mm.,  from  tip  of 
tylus  to  dorsal  margin  of  eye  1.18  mm.,  height  of  eye  .53  mm., 
width  of  eye  .33  mm.  Rostrum,  length  2.22  mm.,  reaching  to 
base  of  hind  coxae.  Antennae:  segment  1.  length  .33  mm.,; 

11,  1.81  mm.,  slender  on  basal  half,  sharply  clavate  on  apical 
third,  thickness  .20  mm.;  Ill,  broken;  orange  red,  the  clavate 
portion  fuscous  to  blackish.     Pronotum  :  length  .89  mm.,  width 
at  base  .95  mm.,  width  at  middle  .86  mm.,  constricted  imme- 
diately in  front  of  basal  angles,  broadly  convex  anteriorly,  mar- 
gins set  with  several,  heavy,  black  bristles,  coxal  cleft  visible 
from    above.      Hemelytra    represented    by    short    pads    which 
beyond  apex  of  scutellum  are  bent  sharply  erect,  much  as  in 
obliquus.     Abdomen  subglobose  beginning  with  third  segment, 
polished  and  shining,  rather  sparsely  clothed  with  fine  yellowish 
pubescence,  black,  posterior  margin  of  second  tergite  yellowish 
white.      Head,   thorax,   and   legs,   orange   red   to   dusky,   tarsi 
blackish;   wing  pads    fuscous,   paler  along   the  poorly  defined 
claval  suture. 

Holotypc:  $  May  17,  1923,  Ritzville.  Washington  (M.  C. 
Lane);  U.  S.  National  Museum  collection.  Allotype:  2  May 
16,  topotypic;  U.  S.  N.  M.  collection.  Paralyses:  $  $  May 

12,  topotypic.      $    "Colo.  1690."     Several  nymphs  taken  May  1 
are  also  present  from  the  type  locality. 

COQUILLETTIA  JESSIANA,  n.  sp. — Allied  to  balli  Kngt.,  but 
differs  in  the  longer  second  antennal  segment  which  exceeds 
width  of  pronotum  at  base,  and  in  having  membrane  pale  at 
base.  Coloration  suggestive  of  insignis  Uhler  but  differs  in 
the  small  size  and  in  the  female  by  the  polished  and  shining 
body. 

$  .  Length  4.7  mm.,  width  across  base  of  cuneus  1.33  mm. 
Head:  width  .80  mm.,  vertex  .32  mm.,  from  tip  of  tylus  to 
dorsal  margin  of  eye  .74  mm.  Rostrum,  length  1.4  mm.,  reach- 
ing to  near  hind  margin  of  sternum.  Antennae:  segment  I, 
length  .26  mm.;  II,  1.42  mm.;  Ill,  1.21  mm.;  IV,  .72  mm. 
Pronotum:  length  .78  mm.,  width  at  base  1.15  mm.;  from  base 
of  pronotum  to  tip  of  tylus  1.61  mm.,  greater  than  length  of 
second  antennal  segment. 

Coloration  dark  fuscous  brown,  head  and  scutellum  more 
brown  than  fuscous,  with  tylus.  lora,  and  juga  orange  brown; 
basal  two-thirds  of  curium  and  clavns,  and  basal  one-third  <if 
cuneus,  white,  the  apical  portions  black;  the  black  apical  band 


304  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

of  coriuni  cut  squarely  across  its  anterior  margin,  the  edge  of 
the  black  color  more  sharply  defined  than  in  insiynis. 

?  .  Length  4.4  mm.,  brachypterous,  width  across  abdomen 
1.4  mm.  Head:  width  .96  mm.,  vertex  .56  mm.  Rostrum, 
length  1.66  mm.,  reaching  between  intermediate  coxae.  Anten- 
nae: segment  I,  length  .28  mm.;  II,  1.68  mm.;  Ill,  1.27  mm.; 
IV,  .69  mm.  Pronotum:  length  .72  mm.,  width  .80  mm.  Form 
very  similar  to  insignis  but  distinguished  by  the  polished  and 
shining  surface ;  sparsely  pubescent,  without  a  vestige  of  wings. 

Holotype:  $  August  26,  1925,  Sterling,  Colorado  (H.  H. 
Knight);  author's  collection.  Allotypc:  same  data  as  type. 
Paratypes:  105  4$,  and  nymphs,  taken  with  the  types  by 
sweeping  semiarid  plains,  grassland  mixed  with  sage-brush 
(Artemisia  sp.).  2$  1?  July  22,  1900,  Denver,  Colorado 
(E.  D.  Ball).  $  June  1,  1926,  alt.  6000  ft.,  Chiricahua  Mts., 
Arizona  (A.  A.  Nichol). 

I  have  dedicated  this  interesting  species  to  my  wife,  Jessie 
Mae  Knight,  who  has  ever  been  unselfish  in  not  restricting  the 
time  I  would  spend  on  scientific  work. 

COQUILLETTIA    MIMETICA    FLORIDANA,    11.    Subsp. Coloration 

similar  to  typical  mimeticn  Osborn,  but  differs  in  the  smaller 
size,  more  slender  form  and  broader  head. 

$  .  Length  5.1  mm.,  width  at  base  of  cuneus  1.24  mm. 
Head:  width  .98  mm.,  vertex  .46  mm.  Rostrum,  length  1.63 
mm.,  not  attaining  hind  margin  of  sternum.  Antennae:  seg- 
ment I,  .34  mm.;  II,  2.04  mm.;  Ill,  1.92  mm.;  IV,  1  mm. 
Pronotum:  length  .86  mm.,  width  at  base  1.06  mm.  Distin- 
guished by  width  of  head  being  greater  than  length  of  prono- 
tum;  width  of  head  also  nearly  equal  to  width  of  pronotum  at 
base. 

Holotype:  $  July  24,  1926,  Seebring,  Florida  (E.  D.  Ball)  ; 
author's  collection.  Paratypc :  $  ,  taken  with  the  type. 

While  ftoridana  can  be  separated  from  niimctica  Osb.  by  as 
good  structural  characters  as  certain  other  species  of  the  genus, 
its  general  aspect  is  so  near  that  of  iniinctica  that  the  position 
of  subspecies  more  accurately  expresses  its  relationship  among 
other  members  of  the  genus.  It  is  interesting-  to  note  that  Dr. 
Ball  has  also  taken  typical  iniinctica  Osb.  in  Florida  (2  $  1$ 
May  15,  1926,  San  ford),  which  indicates  that  there  may  be  no 


xxxviii,  '27  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  305 

intermediate  forms  showing  a  gradual  transition  from  iniinctica 
to  floridana.  The  connecting  links  in  the  evolution  of  jlori- 
duiiu  may  already  have  disappeared. 

COQUILLETTJA     MIMKT1CA     LATICKI'S,    11.    Sllhsp. $.       Colora- 

tion  nearly  as  in  iniinctica  ()shorn.  hut  form  smaller  and  le^ 
elongate;  head  broader,  eyes  more  protruding,  width  ot  head 
distinctly  greater  than  length  of  pronotum.  In  iniinctica  the 
width  of  head  scarcely  equals  length  of  pronotum.  Differs 
from  floridana  in  the  distinctly  protruding  eyes  which  rise 
sharply  above  the  general  contour  of  frons  and  vertex ;  also 
differs  in  the  relatively  shorter  and  broader  form. 

Length  5.2  mm.,  width  1.3  mm.  Head:  width  1.01  mm., 
vertex  .37  mm.  Rostrum,  length  1.57  mm.,  scarcely  attaining 
posterior  margin  of  sternum.  Antennae :  segment  1,  length  .32 
mm.;  II,  2.04  mm.;  Ill,  1.63  mm.;  IV,  .92  mm.  Pronotum, 
length  .88  mm.,  not  equal  to  width  of  head,  width  at  base  1.3 
mm. 

$  .  Length  5.2  mm.,  wingless,  width  of  abdomen  1.5  mm. 
Head:  width  1.03  mm.,  vertex  .56  mm.,  from  tip  of  tylus  to 
dorsal  margin  of  eye  .88  mm.,  postocular  space  .207  mm. 
Antennae:  segment  I,  length  .33  mm.;  11,  1.83  mm.;  III.  1.48 
mm.;  IV,  .90  mm.  Pronotum,  length  .83  mm.,  width  .77  mm. 
Differs  from  iniinctica  in  the  narrower  postocular  space,  which 
is  much  less  than  the  lateral  width  of  an  eye  (.33  mm.).  In 
iniinctica  the  postocular  space  is  equal  to  lateral  width  of  an 
eye. 

Holotypc:  $  August  6,  Delhi.  Colorado  (C.  J.  Drake); 
author's  collection.  Allotypc :  August  16,  1925,  Sugar  City, 
Colorado  (Beamer  &  Lawson)  ;  Kansas  University  Collection. 
raratypcs:  $  2$  ,  taken  with  the  allotype.  2  £  Aug.  14,  1925. 
Olney,  Colorado  (Beamer  &  Lawson).  $  June  26,  1920, 
Fort  CoUins,  Colorado  (Geo.  M.  List). 

SERICOPHANES  FLORIDA  xrs.  n.  sp. — Distinguished  by  the 
small  size  and  dark  color;  suggestive  of  heidemanni  Popp.,  but 
female  with  prothorax  more  cylindrical  than  globose-,  venter 
white  beneath  except  first  two  M-gmcnts  and  lateral  margins. 

$.  Length  2.4  mm.,  brachypterous,  width  of  abdnmcii  .87 
mm.;  length  of  hcmelytra  AS  mm.  Mead:  width  .5<>  mm., 
vertex  .355  mm.  Rostrum,  length  .'AS  mm.,  reaching  to  ba^e 
of  hind  coxae.  Antennae:  segment  1,  length  .17  mm.;  II,  .So 
mm.;  Ill,  .56  mm.;  1  Vr,  .50  mm.  Pronotum.  length  .44  mm., 
width  at  middle  .43  mm.,  coxal  clefts  visible  from  above,  pro- 


306  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

thorax  widest  at  that  point ;  strongly  and  evenly  convex,  but 
more  cylindrical  than  globose. 

Coloration  dark  brownish  black,  having  a  dull  waxen  sheen, 
the  short  hemelytra  with  pruinose  areas  evident ;  front  and 
hind  coxae  except  base,  pale,  venter  white  beneath  except  first 
two  segments  and  lateral  margins. 

$  .  Length  2.6  mm.,  width  at  base  of  hemelytra  .68  mm. 
Head :  width  .50  mm.,  vertex  .28  mm.  Rostrum,  length  .92 
mm.,  reaching  to  middle  of  hind  coxae.  Antennae:  segment  I, 
length  .17  mm.;  II,  .77  mm.;  Ill,  .56  mm.;  IV,  .44  mm.  Pro- 
notum,  length  .50  mm.,  width  at  base  .71  mm. 

Form  and  coloration  very  similar  to  heidemanni  but  distin- 
guished by  the  small  size,  the  female  giving  the  best  characters 
for  separating  the  species. 

Holotypc:  ?  April  9,  1926,  Sanford.  Florida  (E.  D.  Ball); 
author's  collection.  Allot  y^c :  $  Aug.  25-30,  1925,  Sanford, 
Florida  (E.  D.  Ball)  ;  author's  collection.  The  writer  is  in- 
debted to  Dr.  E.  D.  Ball  for  the  collecting  and  presentation  of 
this  diminutive  ant  mimic. 

RENODAELLA,  New  Genus. 

Allied  to  Renodacus  Dist.,  tribe  Renodaeini ;  arolia  converg- 
ing at  apices  as  in  Ceratocapsus  and  Pilophonts;  genitalia  of 
the  complicated  type  as  in  Ceratocapsus.  Head  much  like  Pilo- 
phonis,  but  all  the  antennal  segments  thickened  as  in  Cerato- 
capsus, segment  II  gradually  thickened  from  base  to  apex,  not 
suddenly  enlarged  at  apex  as  in  Renodaeus.  Rostrum  reaching 
between  middle  coxae.  Pronotum  much  as  in  Pilophorns,  shin- 
ing, the  base  not  covering  mesoscutum  as  in  Rcnodacus.  Scu- 
tellum  moderately  convex,  mesoscutum  strongly  ^elevated, 
capped  by  the  moderately  down-curved  basal  margin  of  prono- 
tum.  Hemelytra  set  with  heavy,  black,  bristle-like  hairs,  much 
as  in  Rcnodacus;  also  set  with  patches  of  silvery,  scale-like 
pubescence;  dull,  opaque,  embolium  and  cuneus  shining;  clavus 
and  corium  distinctly  elevated  or  convex,  embolnr  margins  only 
moderately  sinuate.  Membrane  fully  developed  (  $  ).  Geni- 
talia complicated  in  structure  much  in  the  form  of  Ccnitocup- 
SKS. 

Genotype :  Rciwdaclla  nicJioli,  new  species. 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NFAVS  307 

RENODAELLA  XICHOLI,  n.  sp. —  $.  Length  3.2  mm.,  width 
1.06  mm.  Head:  width  .74  mm.,  vertex  .32n  mm.:  eyes  form- 
ing a  part  of  the  convex  curve  formed  by  front  of  head,  basal 
margin  of  vertex  sharp  and  overlapping  anterior  margin  of 
pronotum  as  in  Piluphonis.  Rostrum,  length  1.21  mm,,  reach- 
ing to  near  hind  margin  of  intermediate  coxae.  Antennae: 
segment  I,  length  .IS  mm.,  thickness  .05' >  mm.;  II,  .60  mm., 
gradually  thickened  from  base  toward  apex  (.074  mm.);  ill. 
.37  mm.,  thickness  .()5(>  mm.,  more  slender  near  base;  IV,  .385 
mm.,  thickness  .074  mm.,  fusiform;  clothed  with  tine  pale 
pubescence.  Pronotum:  length  .74  mm.,  width  at  base  .95 
mm. ;  basal  margin  arcuate,  disk  rather  strongly  and  evenly 
convex,  higher  on  posterior  half;  lateral  margins  concave, 
sharply  narrowed  anteriorly,  coxal  clefts  visible  from  above. 

Dark  brownish  black  to  piceous,  shining;  hemelytra  dull, 
more  brownish,  clavus  and  apical  area  of  corium  darker, 
embolium  and  cuneus  strongly  shining;  membrane  uniformly 
dark  fuscous;  coxae  except  apex  of  front  pair,  basal  one-fourth 
of  hind  and  middle  femora,  and  apical  one-third  of  tibiae,  pale. 
Clothed  with  rather  sparse,  fine,  pale  to  yellowish  pubescence, 
vertex  with  four  rather  long  pale  hairs  on  base;  clavus  and 
corium  set  with  long,  erect  black  bristles,  arranged  in  poorly 
defined  rows.  Hemelytra  bearing  several  patches  of  silvery, 
scale-like  hairs,  the  largest  of  which  forms  a  short  transverse 
band  across  corium  just  before  apex  of  clavus,  but  stopping 
short  of  claval  suture  ;  a  narrower  band  runs  from  outer  basal 
angle  of  clavus  toward  apex  of  cuneus,  also  three  or  four 
smaller  patches  of  silvery  scales  on  apical  half  of  clavus  and 
on  outer  basal  half  of  clavus.  Genitalia  distinctive,  right 
clasper  with  an  erect  dorsal  prong,  acuminate  on  apical  half 
with  the  tip  somewhat  decurved;  also  bearing  two  ventral,  in- 
curved hooks,  the  lower  member  of  which  is  twice  as  large  as 
the  other ;  on  inner  basal  part  of  clasper  a  third  hook  arises 
and  points  mesad.  Left  clasper  with  a  prominent  sharp  hook 
near  base  which  curves  upward  and  forward,  this  followed  by 
a  sharp,  needle-like  spine  just  behind;  the  main  stem  of  clasper. 
upon  reaching  median  line  of  segment,  turns  dorsally  and 
expands  into  a  rather  broad,  thin,  fish-tailed  terminal  portion. 

Holotypc:  $  September  9,  1(>25.  Santa  Kita  Alts.,  alt.  45m 
ft.,  Arizona  (A.  A.  Xichol);  author'.-,  collection.  Xamed  in 
honor  of  the  collector.  Mr.  .Andrew  A.  Xichol. 


308  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

An  Additional  Annotated  List  of  Ants  of  Mississippi, 

with  a  Description  of  a  New  Species  of 

Pheidole  (Hym.:  Formicidae).* 

By  M.  R.  SMITH,  A.  and  M.  College,  Mississippi. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  writer's  article,  "An  Annotated 
List  of  the  Ants  of  Mississippi"  in  Volume  35  of  the  ENTO- 
MOLOGICAL NEWS  for  1924,  11  species  of  ants  new  to  the 
State  have  been  collected.  Among  this  number  is  a  new 
species  of  Pheidole.  With  the  addition  of  these  species  our 
list  of  ants  known  for  the  State  now  includes  87  species.  The 
writer  believes  that  more  intensive  collecting  in  the  north- 
eastern, the  southern  and  southwestern  sections  of  the  State 
will  bring  to  light  further  species  and  probably  several  new 
ones. 

The  species  new  to  our  State  list  are  given  below  in  numer- 
ical sequence,  with  the  usual  notations  or  remarks  accompany- 
ing each  species.  The  new  Pheidole  is  also  described  here. 

Subfamily  PONERINAE. 
77. — PONERA  OPACICEPS  Mayr.     Fayette,  A.  and  M.   College, 

Sibley,  Bexley. 

The  worker  of  this  ant  bears  a  striking  similarity  to  that 
of  Poncra  coarctata  subsp.  pennsylvanica  Buckley,  our  most 
common  eastern  and  northern  species.  The  worker  can  be 
readily  distinguished,  however,  by  the  finer  and  more  contig- 
uous punctation  of  the  head.  It  measures  about  3.10  mm.  in 
length.  Its  color  is  generally  black  or  very  deep  brown,  with 
somewhat  ferruginous  or  yellowish  appendages  and  mouth 
parts.  At  Sibley,  Mr.  Andrew  Fleming  took  alate  males  and 
females  on  June  5th,  1924.  He  remarks  as  follows  concerning 
them.  "I  caught  them  while  cultivating  a  tract  near  the  creek. 
They  were  very  numerous  and  annoying,  swarming  over  my 
hands,  face  and  neck."  At  Bexley  a  colony  was  found  nest- 
ing in  a  cavity  within  a  sweet  potato  on  February  24,  1927. 
The  cavity  was  thought  to  have  been  previously  made  by  ter- 
mites. Judging  from  the  collections  made  in  this  section  of 

*A  contribution  from  the  Mississippi  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS 

the  State  this  ant  is  not  as  common  a  species  as  I'oncra  tritjoint 

var.   o  pad  or  Forel,  but   is  more  a1)imdant  than   the   following 

species. 

78. — PONERA  TXEXOKATA  Wheeler.     A.  and  M.  College. 

Only  one  colony  of  this  ant  has  been  found  in  the  state. 
Wheeler  remarks  that  the  colonies  are  unusually  small,  seldom 
numbering  over  a  dozen  to  a  dozen  and  a  half  individuals. 
The  workers  taken  from  the  colony  mentioned  above  were 
found  in  the  soil  beneath  a  rotten  limb.  In  the  vicinity  of  the 
ants  was  found  a  small  myrmecophilous  beetle  belonging  to 
the  family  Pselaphidae.  The  workers  of  ins-voni'ii  are  ferrug- 
inous yellow  throughout  and  measure  from  2.75-3.25  mm.  in 
length.  They  are  about  the  size  of  the  workers  of  Poncra 
yik'a  Roger  but  lack  the  sharply  marginate  sides  of  the  epin- 
otum  of  the  latter  species.  The  lateral  borders  of  the 
mandibles  of  the  worker  of  iiic.vorafa  are  concave  or  sinuate, 
an  easily  recognizable  character. 
79. — STRUMIGEXYS  I.OTISIAXAE  Roger.  Sibley. 

This  species  was  taken  at  Sibley  on  July  3,  1924,  by  Mr. 
Andrew  Fleming,  who  wrote  as  follows  concerning  the  ants, 
"I  found  a  small  nest  in  the  cavity  at  the  base  of  a  small  locust 
stump  I  had  pulled  up.  I  saw  a  winged  form,  presumably  a 
female.  It  appeared  to  be  a  trifle  larger  and  darker  than  the 
worker  but  I  am  not  certain,  as  it  was  running  rapidly  and  I 
failed  to  catch  it.  The  workers  are  very  slow  in  their  move- 
ments. The  stump  was  in  a  hillside  thicket  about  ten  feet 
from  an  open  field."  This  species  can  be  easily  distinguished 
from  all  the  other  described  Xorth  American  forms  by  the 
elongate,  subparallel  mandibles  of  the  worker,  each  of  which 
bears  at  its  apex  two  sub-equal  teeth  and  posterior  to  these  is 
a  very  small,  faintly  discernible  tooth. 
80. — SOLENOPSIS  PICTA  var.  near  MOERKXS  Wheeler.  Sibley. 

Workers  of  this  species  were  sent  to  the  writer  by  Mr.  An- 
drew Fleming  who  took  them  from  inside  the  twigs  of  a 
species  of  oak  and  from  insect  galls  on  red  oak.  Mr.  Fleming 
states  that  this  is  one  of  the  most  common  arboreal  ants  in 
that  section  of  the  state.  These  ants  can  be  readily  (listing- 


310  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

uishecl  from  any  of  the  other  species  of  Solenopsis  occurring 
in  the  state  by  the  black  or  deep  brown  color  of  the  workers. 
At  first  sight,  one  not  very  familiar  with  ants  might  confuse 
this  species  with  the  tiny  black  ant,  Monomorium  iiiiuiiniiiii 
Buckley.  The  workers  are,  however,  considerably  smaller 
than  those  of  the  tiny  black  ant  and  have  only  a  two- jointed 
distal  club,  whereas  the  tiny  black  ant  has  a  three-jointed  dis- 
tal club. 
81. — CREMATOGASTER  OPACA  var.  PUNCTULATA  Emery.  A.  and 

M.   College,   Sturgis. 

The  workers  of  this  ant  can  be  readily  distinguished  from 
the  workers  of  other  species  of  Creuwtogastcr  occurring  in 
this  State  by  the  abundant  and  contiguous  punctures  which 
cover  the  posterior  part  of  the  head,  the  thorax,  the  petiole 
and  the  postpetiole.  These  punctuations  give  the  body  an 
opaque  appearance.  The  epinotal  spines  are  well  developed 
and  directed  upward  and  backward.  They  are  subparallel  or 
parallel  to  each  other.  The  ants  nest  in  the  ground  and  their 
colonies  are  rather  numerous  here  at  A.  and  M.  College.  The 
workers  attend  plant  lice  and  mealy  bugs,  especially  the  sub- 
terranean forms.  We  have  taken  this  ant  in  attendance  on 
Aphis  gossypii  Glover  on  cotton,  on  the  mealy  bug,  Pscudaon- 
tonhia  sp.,  on  the  roots  of  Johnson  grass  and  on  the  mealy 
bug,  Trionymous  sp.,  on  the  roots  of  wild  aster.  The  ants 
are  often  found  trailing  over  the  ground  in  single  file  where 
they  are  apparently  in  search  of  honey  dew-excreting  forms. 
A  nest  unearthed  on  February  24th,  1927,  six  inches  below 
the  surface  of  the  ground,  contained  a  dealated  female,  many 
workers  and  some  partly  grown  larvae. 

82. — PHEIDOLE   DEXTIGULA   n.    sp. — Soldier.     Length:     2.25- 
2.5  mm. 

Head,  excluding  the  mandibles,  longer  than  broad,  about  as 
broad  in  front  as  behind,  with  rounded  posterior  corners, 
angularly  excised  posterior  border  and  distinct  occipital  groove, 
sides  subparallel.  Gula  with  two  short,  coarse,  prominent 
teeth.  Eyes  placed  near  the  anterior  fourth  of  the  head. 
Mandibles  large,  convex,  with  two  distinct  apical  and  two 
smaller  basal  teeth.  Clypeus  emarginate  mesially.  Frontal 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS 

area  small,  subtriangular,  impressed.  Antennal  scapes  ex- 
tending about  one-half  the  distance  between  the  eyes  and  the 
posterior  corners  of  the  head;  clnb  longer  than  the  remainder 
of  the  funiculus.  Thorax  short,  robust,  with  prominent  but 
rounded  humeri ;  about  one-half  as  broad  as  the  head.  Pro- 
ami  mesonotum  convex,  together  forming  a  hemispherical  mass 
when  viewed  in  profile,  the  mesonotum  with  a  faint  transverse 
impression  before  the  abrupt  posterior  surface.  Mesoepinptal 
constriction  pronounced.  Kpinotum  with  two  acute  spines 
which  are  little,  if  any,  longer  than  broad  at  the  base,  a  lateral 
ridge  extending  on  each  side  of  the  epinotum  from  the  base 
of  spines  to  the  mesoepinotal  constriction.  Petiole  approxi- 
mately twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  the  sides  slightly  con- 
stricted at  the  base  of  the  node,  node  when  viewed  from  be- 
hind rectangular  and  with  a  straight  or  very  indistinctly 
emarginate  superior  border.  Postpetiole  broader  than  long, 
slightly  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  the  petiole,  with  distinctly 
blunt,  median  conules.  Caster  smaller  than  the  head,  oval, 
with  straight  anterior  border. 

Mandibles,  clypeus  and  frontal  area  smooth  and  shining,  the 
first  longitudinally  striated  basally,  apically  with  coarse, 
widely  scattered,  piligerous  punctures.  Head  opaque,  longi- 
tudinally striated  in  the  region  of  the  front  and  cheeks;  re- 
mainder rugulose-reticulate  throughout  with  very  faint  inter- 
mediate punctulae.  Dorsum  of  pro-  and  mesothorax  rugulose- 
punctulate  with  rather  indefinitely  distributed  smooth  areas. 
Intraspinal  area  on  the  epinotum  finely  punctulate.  Pleurae 
of  the  thorax  for  the  most  part  finely  punctulate,  occasionally 
with  smooth  punctureless  areas,  one  of  these  areas  very  often 
present  on  the  mesopleura.  Superior  surface  of  the  post- 
petiole  smooth  and  shining.  Caster  very  smooth  and  shining, 
legs  less  so. 

Hairs  pale  yellowish,  long  and  abundant,  suberect  to  erect, 
more  reclinate  on  the  appendices. 

Ferruginous;  mandibles  and  clypeus  darker. 

Worker.  Length  1.3-1.5  mm.  Head,  excluding  the  man- 
dibles, slightly  longer  than  broad,  with  convex  sides  and  very 
faintly  emarginate  posterior  border.  Eyes  anterior  to  the 
middle  of  the  sides  of  the  head.  Clypeus  convex,  with  a 
median  carinnla,  which  is  most  distinct  anteriorly.  Antennal 
scapes  slightly  surpassing  the  posterior  corners  of  the  head, 
the  club  longer  than  the  remainder  of  the  funiculus.  Frontal 
area  subtriangular.  Thorax  similar  to  that  of  the  soldier,  but 
relatively  broader  in  proportion  to  the  width  of  the  head. 


312  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

Posterior  surface  of  the  mesonotum  meeting'  the  mesoepinotal 
constriction  at  an  almost  right  angle.  Node  of  petiole  and 
postpetiole  not  so  well  developed  as  that  of  the  soldier,  the 
postpetiole  almost  globular  and  lacking  the  decided  conules 
which  are  so  prominent  in  the  soldier. 

Head  opaque,  very  finely  and  clearly  punctulate  through- 
out ;  anteriorly  with  faintly  discernible  longitudinal  rugulae : 
posteriorly  rugulose-reticulate.  Mandibles,  clypeus  and  frontal 
area  smooth  and  shining,  the  first  striated  basally  and  with 
small  scattered  punctures  apically.  Thorax  opaque,  punctu- 
late, with  irregular  rugulae,  most  of  which  occur  on  the  mes- 
onotum and  are  transverse  or  longitudinal.  Petiole,  postpetiole 
and  gaster  smooth  and  shining. 

Hairs  like  those  of  the  soldier;  some  workers  with  erect 
hairs  on  the  antennal  scape. 

Color  same  as  that  of  the  soldier,  but  the  mandibles  and 
clypeus  not  quite  so  dark. 

Described  from  ten  soldiers  and  ten  workers,  the  cotypes 
of  which  are  in  the  writer's  collection. 

The  type  locality  for  this  species  is  A.  and  M.  College, 
Mississippi.  The  writer  found  these  ants  nesting  in  the  soil 
at  the  bottom  of  a  small  ravine.  Most  of  the  specimens  were 
taken  at  a  depth  of  about  six  inches,  where  they  were  found 
nesting  inside  a  small  hollow  root.  Only  soldiers,  workers  and 
larvae  were  seen.  The  ants  appear  to  be  entirely  subterranean 
in  their  habits,  since  when  exposed  to  the  light  they  attempted 
to  hide  in  the  soil.  A  small  proctrotrupid  taken  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  ants'  nest  was  determined  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Gahan,  of  the 
Bureau  of  Entomology,  as  a  species  of  Hoplogyron,  apparently 
new.  Mr.  Gahan  states  that  similar  specimens  have  been  re- 
ceived from  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  where  they  were  bred 
from  the  egg  of  the  carabid  beetle.  II  rac<!i  vims  sp. 

The  soldiers  of  this  species,  while  they  show  an  affinity  to 
the  flai'cns  group,  are  entirely  different  from  any  members  of 
that  group  with  which  the  writer  is  acquainted.  The  writer 
has  submitted  specimens  to  Dr.  W.  M.  Wheeler  and  he  is  also 
of  the  opinion  that  this  ant  is  distinct  from  any  species  of 
Plicidolc  that  he  has  seen. 

The  most  outstanding  characteristics  of  the  soldier  are  the 
rectangularly  shaped  head,  which  is  longer  than  broad,  the 


XXXVlii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

distinct  coarse  teeth  on  the  anterior  border  of  the  gula,   and 

the  prominent  median  conules  of  the  postpetiole. 

S3. — MYRMECIXA  GKAMIXICOLA  snbsp.  AMKRICANA  Emery. 

and  M.  College. 

A  nest  of  this  species  found  in  the  soil  in  a  woodland  tract 
on  July  12,  1924,  contained  a  number  of  alate  males,  workers 
and  larvae.  The  ant  is  apparently  a  very  rare  species  in  this 

state. 

Subfamily   FORMICINAK. 

84 — LASIUS  NIGER  var.   XEONIGER  Emery.     Corinth. 

Workers  taken  at  Corinth,  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
State,  agree  with  the  description  of  this  variety.  The  genus 
is  not  well  repesented  in  Mississippi,  as  the  species  do  not  ap- 
pear to  be  adapted  to  this  climate.  Xo  species  of  Lashis  have 
been  taken  further  south  in  Mississippi  than  A.  and  M. 
College. 
85.— BRACHYMYRMEX  NAXELLUS  Wheeler.  Columbus  and 

Sibley. 

What  is  apparently  this  species  of  ant  has  been  collected  in 
the  State  on  several  occasions.  A  nest  was  found  in  the  woods 
near  Columbus.  Several  small  chambers  about  one-fourth 
inch  in  diameter  were  discovered,  about  three  inches  below  the 
surface  of  the  soil.  In  these  were  found  a  dealated  female, 
about  40  or  50  workers  and  some  small  larvae. 
86. — PREXOLEPIS  (NYLANDERIA)  PARVTI.A  Mayr.  A.  and  M. 
College. 

This  small  species  of  Prcnolcpis  has  only  been  taken  once 
in  the  State.  It  does  not  appear  to  be  as  common  in  this 
vicinity  as  the  species  P.  hrursi  Wheeler.  The  workers  of 
p armlet  can  be  readily  distinguished  from  those  of  bntcsi  by 
the  absence  of  erect  hairs  on  their  antennal  scapes.  On  April 
1.  1927,  a  colony  of  this  species  was  found  in  the  soil  on  a 
hill  side  slope  beneath  some  leaves  and  a  rotten  tree  branch. 
In  the  nest  were  found  one  dealate  and  four  alate  females, 
many  workers  and  some  medium-sized  larvae. 
87. — CAMPONOTUS  CARYAE  DISCOLOR  var.  CXK.MIDATUS  Emery. 
Adaton. 


314  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

A  small  number  of  workers  of  what  the  writer  believes  to 
be  this  species  were  taken  from  beneath  the  bark  of  the  trunk 
of  an  oak  tree,  in  a  low,  not  well  drained  patch  of  woodlands. 
The  workers  were  very  timid  and  tried  to  avoid  capture  by 
frantically  running  away  or  hiding  under  flakes  of  bark  and 
remaining  perfectly  still.  Their  food  is  undoubtedly  honey 
dew. 

">•» 

Dacerla  downesi,  a  New  Species  of  Miridae  from 
Oregon  (Hemiptera).* 

By  HARRY  H.  KNIGHT,  Ames,  Iowa. 

It  is  of  considerable  interest  to  find  a  third  species  belong- 
ing to  the  remarkable  myrmecoid  genus  Dacerla  Bergroth.  Mr. 
W.  Downes  submitted  a  series  of  specimens  to  the  writer  for 
study,  with  the  observation  that  they  had  an  aspect  somewhat 
different  from  Dacerla  formicina  Parshley,  and  he  believed 
they  might  represent  a  new  species.  Mr.  Downes  found  this 
new  form  to  occur  only  at  an  elevation  of  5000  ft.  or  more, 
while  formicina  Parsh.  was  always  found  at  lower  levels  in 
British  Columbia.  Upon  comparing  these  forms  I  have  found 
a  good  structural  character  for  separating  them,  namely  the 
relation  of  the  first  antennal  segment  to  width  of  vertex.  These 
differences  hold  good  in  a  large  series  of  both  species,  thus  it 
seems  advisable  to  describe  the  new  form.  A  key  is  appended 
for  the  separation  of  the  three  known  species  of  Dacerla. 

DACERLA  DOWNESI  n.  sp. — Allied  to  formicina  Parshley,  very 
similar  in  coloration  but  form  more  robust,  antennal  segment 
I  not  equal  to  interocular  width  of  vertex. 

$.  Length  5.8  mm.,  width  of  abdomen  2.4  mm.  Head: 
width  1.29  mm.,  vertex  (narrowest  point  between  eyes)  .59 
mm.;  from  dorsal  margin  of  eye  to  tip  of  tylus  1.63  mm. 
Rostrum  reaching  to  base  of  intermediate  coxae.  Antennae : 
segment  I,  length  .50  mm.;  II,  2.43  mm.;  Ill,  1.33  m. ;  IV, 
1.30  mm. 

$.  Length  5.2  mm.,  width  of  abdomen  2  mm.  Head: 
width  1.21  mm.,  vertex  .58  mm.;  from  dorsal  margin  of  eye 

*Contribution  from  the  Department  of  Zoology  and  Entomology, 
Iowa  State  College,  Ames,  Iowa. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  315 

to  tip  of   tylus    1.48  mm.     Antennae:  segment    I,   length    .50 
mm.;  II,  2.57  mm.;  Ill,  1.4  mm.,  IV.  1.21  mm. 

Pubescence  and  coloration,  even  to  the  white  marks  on  ven- 
ter, similar  to  formicina  Parsh.  Right  genital  clasper  distinc- 
tive, broader  and  thicker  than  in  formicina. 

Holotypc:  9  July  29,  1921,  Mount  Hood.  Oregon,  alt.  6,000 
ft.  (W.  Downes)  ;  Canadian  National  collection.  Allotypc: 
taken  with  the  type;  author's  collection.  Paralyses:  16  $  9  , 
taken  with  the  types.  9  May  21,  1893,  Hood  River,  Oregon 
(U.  S.  N.  M.). 

DACERLA  FORMICINA   Parshley.     Proc.   British  Columbia  Ent. 

Soc.,  No.  18,  1921,  p.  6. 

For  comparison  with  the  new  species  here  described  the 
following  critical  characters  are  given:  9.  Head:  width  1.27 
mm.,  vertex  (narrowest  point  between  the  eyes)  .56  mm. 
Antennal  segment  I,  length  .61  mm.  $.  Head:  width  1.26 
mm.,  vertex  .56  mm.  Antennal  segment  I.  length  .65  mm. 

Key  to  the  species  of  Dacerla. 

1.  Pronotum   with   posterior  margin    produced   into   an   erect 

spine  on  median  line inflata  Uhler 

Pronotum  not  produced  into  a  spine    2 

2.  Antennal    segment    I    in    length    greater    than    interocular 

width  of  vertex formicina  Parsh. 

Antennal   segment    I   in    length   not   equal    to    interocular 
width  of  vertex   doitmcsi  n.  sp. 


Coleopterist  in  the  University  of  Kansas. 
Mr.  Warwick  P>enedict  has  been  appointed  Coleopterist  in 
the  Department  of  Entomology,  University  of  Kansas.  Law- 
rence. Mr.  Benedict,  having  retired  from  a  successful  busi- 
ness career  a  few  years  ago,  has  devoted  himself  assiduously 
to  the  study  of  the  Coleopteni  and  lias  accumulated  a  large 
private  collection  of  these  insects.  A  year  ago  he  promised 
to  donate  his  collections  upon  his  death  to  the  University  of 
Kansas,  but  recognizing  the  greater  contribution  to  science 
he  has  most  generously  offered  to  rearrange  the  University's 
collections  of  Coleoptera  incorporating  his  own  material  as  he 
proceeds. — H.  B.  HUNGERFORD,  University  of  Kansas,  Law- 
rence, Kansas. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,   DECEMBER,   1927. 

Changes  in  the  News  for  1928. 

Owing  to  the  desire  of  the  Editor  and  the  Associate  Editor 
of  the  NEWS  to  be  relieved  of  much  of  the  work  which  the 
conducting  of  this  journal  for  the  past  seventeen  years  has 
entailed,  changes  will  be  made  in  the  personnel,  beginning 
with  the  number  for  January,  1928.  The  NEWS  will  continue 
to  be  published  by  the  American  Entomological  Society,  which 
retains  its  ownership  therein.  The  present  Editor  will  remain 
in  editorial  charge  of  the  magazine,  but  will  be  assisted  in  this 
department  by  Dr.  R.  G.  Schmieder,  and  Mr.  Ernest  Baylis  as 
Associate  Editors.  Mr.  John  C.  Lutz  will  be  Business  Man- 
ager and  with  the  November,  1927,  number  has  assumed 
charge  of  the  receipt  of  subscriptions  for  1928.  His  office  for 
this  purpose  will  be  at  his  residence,  827  North  66th  St., 
Philadelphia.  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  Treasurer  of  the  So- 
ciety, will  continue  as  an  Associate  Editor.  The  Editor 
hereby  expresses  his  hearty  thanks  to  all  these  here  named 
for  the  voluntary  assistance  which  they  now  freely  offer  to 
the  NEWS  or  which  they  have  given  in  the  past.  Mr.  Cresson 
has  devoted  an  enormous  amount  of  time  to  the  compilation 
of  our  monthly  lists  of  Entomological  Literature  and  to  looking 
after  the  petty  details  of  the  business  affairs,  including  the 
distribution  of  the  magazine,  to  the  detriment  of  his  scientific 
work  and  he  richly  deserves  the  relief  which  we  believe  the 
new  arrangement  will  give  him. 

It  is  with  great  pleasure  that  we  are  able  to  announce  also 
that,  thanks  to  the  Editors  of  Biological  Abstracts,  the  NEWS 
is  able  to  avail  itself  of  such  bibliographical  data  gathered  by 
this  organization  at  the  library  of  the  American  Entomological 
Society,  as  fall  within  the  scope  of  the  department  of  Ento- 
mological Literature  of  the  NEWS.  In  this  way  a  duplication 

316 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  317 

of  effort  will  be  avoided  in  the  future.  Otherwise  the  infor- 
mation on  current  entomological  publications  given  in  the  NEWS 
will  be  as  in  the  past.  It  may  be  that  as  the  service  rendered 
by  Biological  .-ll'slracts  becomes  more  widely  appreciated,  it 
will  be  unnecessary  for  the  NEWS  to  maintain  even  its  lists  of 
entomological  articles. 

\Ve  are  anxious  to  receive  suggestions  from  our  subscribers 
that  in  their  opinion  would  make  the  NEWS  a  better  publication. 


Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  Resigns  as  Chief,  U.  S.  Bur.  Entomology 
Dr.  C.  L.  Marlatt  Appointed  to  Succeed  Him. 

After  more  than  thirty-three  years  of  service  as  chief  ento- 
mologist of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  Dr. 
Leland  O.  Howard  retired  on  October  17  as  the  chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  Entomology,  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  C.  L.  Mar- 
latt, a  member  of  the  department  since  1888,  and  who  for  the 
past  five  years  has  been  associate  chief  in  charge  of  the  reg- 
ulatory work  of  the  bureau,  and  also  chairman  of  the  Federal 
Horticultural  Board. 

Dr.  Howard  is  now  in  his  fiftieth  year  of  Government  ser- 
vice, having  joined  the  entomological  branch  of  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  in  1878  soon  after  his  graduation  from  Cornell 
University.  He  retires  as  chief  at  his  own  request,  but  this 
does  not  mean  retirement  from  service.  He  has  passed  his 
seventieth  birthday,  and  has  asked  to  be  relieved  of  the  admin- 
istrative duties  of  his  office,  but  proposes  to  devote  his  full 
energies  to  the  field  of  entomological  research  in  which  he  has 
long  been  recognized  as  perhaps  the  most  distinguished  in- 
vestigator. His  favorite  fields  are  medical  entomology  and 
parasitology. 

Dr.  Howard  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  entomological  work 
of  the  department  June  1,  1894.  In  the  years  that  have  fol- 
lowed, the  science  of  entomology  has  broadened  tremendously 
and  Dr.  Howard  has  guided  numerous  activities  which  have 
been  of  great  service  to  the  American  public. 

Two  campaigns  with  which  Dr.  J  loward  has  been  identified 
have  captured  the  public  fancy.  He  was  a  leader  in  the  mos- 
quito crusade.  As  early  as  1892  he  published  results  of  ex- 
periments showing  that  certain  types  could  be  controlled  by 
the  use  of  kerosene,  and  when  the  mosquitos  were  identified 
as  disease  carriers  he  was  able  to  recommend  methods  of 


318  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

control.  His  publications  on  the  house  fly  dating  from  1896, 
to  his  hook,  The  House  Fly  Disease  Carrier,  in  1911,  were 
largely  responsible  for  the  anti-house  fly  crusades  all  over  the 
world  in  the  last  20  years. 

Dr.  Howard  is  a  member  of  the  three  great  American  asso- 
ciations of  limited  membership,  the  National  Academy  of 
Sciences,  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  and  the  Amer- 
ican Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  He  was  Permanent 
Secretary  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science  for  twenty-two  years,  and  its  president  in  1920-21. 
He  has  been  made  honorary  member  of  many  foreign  scientific 
societies  and  is  the  only  American  member  of  the 
Academy  of  Agriculture  of  France,  and  has  received  several  dec- 
orations among  which  are  the  Cross,  Chevalier  de  la  Legion 
d'Honneur,  and  the  Cross,  Officier  de  1'Ordre  du  Merite 
Agricole.  He  has  been  a  delegate  to  many  international 
assemblies  and  an  officer  of  six  scientific  gatherings.  In 
addition  to  bachelor's  and  master's  degrees  from  Cornell,  his 
doctorates  include  Ph.D.  (Georgetown  1896),  M.  D.  (George 
Washington,  1911),  LL.  D.  (Pittsburgh,  1911),  and  Sc.  D. 
(Toronto,  1920).  The  bibliography  of  his  publications  com- 
prises 941  titles. 

Dr.  Marlatt,  who  succeeds  Dr.  Howard,  joined  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  in  1888  and  has  been  closely  associated 
with  Dr.  Howard's  administration.  When  Dr.  Howard  was 
made  chief,  Dr.  Marlatt  became  assistant  chief,  and  in  1922 
associate  chief,  in  charge  of  regulatory  work.  He  was  instru- 
mental in  promoting  the  passage  of  the  Plant  Quarantine  Act 
of  1912  and  was  appointed  to  administer  it.  Dr.  Marlatt's 
specialties  have  been  studies  of  scale  insects,  sawflies  and 
periodical  Cicadas,  known  as  locusts.  Dr.  Marlatt  holds  the 
degrees  of  B.  S.,  M.  S.,  and  D.  Sc.,  all  from  the  Kansas  State 
Agricultural  College. —  (U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  Office  of 
Information). 

[Hearty  congratulations   go   from  the  NEWS  to  one  of  its 

best  friends,  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard,  on  his  fruitful,  successful  and 

generous    direction    of    the    Federal    Bureau    of    Entomology, 

with  our  best  wishes   for  many  additional  years  of  research. 

-The  EDITORS.] 

The  Fourth  International  Congress  of  Entomology. 

The  Fourth  International  Congress  of  Entomology  is  to  be 
held  in  August,  1928,  at  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 
Previous  Congresses  have  met  at  Brussels  (1910),  Oxford 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  319 

(1912)  and  Zurich  (1925).  Every  important  interest — educa- 
tional, scientific  and  economic — will  be  provided  for  in  the 
program.  Invitations  have  been  forwarded  through  the  State 
Department  to  foreign  governments  to  send  representatives 
and  later  invitations  will  also  be  sent  to  individual  entomolo- 
gists. A  program  will  be  arranged  in  which  some  of  the  lead- 
ing entomologists  of  the  world  will  take  part.  It  is  planned 
that  in  the  forenoons  throughout  the  week  papers  of  general 
interest  are  to  be  read  before  the  members  of  the  Congress. 
In  the  afternoon  sections  will  be  formed  dealing  with  (1) 
Taxonomy,  distribution  and  nomenclature,  (2)  Morphology, 
physiology  and  genetics,  (3)  Ecology,  (4)  Medical  and  Vet- 
erinary Entomology,  (5)  Economic  Entomology  with  its  sub- 
divisions relating  to  forest,  fruit,  vegetable  and  cereal  insects, 
bees,  insecticides  and  appliances.  According  to  the  number 
of  papers  announced  each  section  may  be  subdivided  or  several 
sections  may  be  united.  Time  will  be  arranged  for  an  all-day 
visit  to  the  Geneva  Experiment  Station,  where  the  forenoon 
will  be  spent  in  looking  at  the  exhibit  of  spraying  machinery 
and  insecticides,  in  examining  the  methods  and  machinery 
used  in  controlling  the  European  corn  borer,  and  in  observing 
a  demonstration  of  airplane  dusting.  The  afternoon  will  be 
devoted  to  a  general  program.  In  addition,  the  summer  meet- 
ing of  the  New  York  State  Horticultural  Society  will  be  held 
at  Geneva  on  the  same  day,  which  will  serve  to  give  the  visit- 
ing foreign  entomologists  an  idea  of  the  general  interest  of 
American  farmers  in  entomology.  Certain  afternoon  excur- 
sions will  also  be  made  to  nearby  places  of  entomological  in- 
terest, while  immediately  after  the  meetings  some  general  excur- 
sions are  planned  to  Niagara  Falls,  to  entomological  museums 
of  eastern  cities,  and  to  the  laboratories  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Entomology  devoted  to  the  study  of  the  Gypsy  and  Brown- 
tail  Moths,  the  Corn  Borer  and  the  Japanese  Beetle. — O.  A. 
JOHANNSEN,  American  E.vcciilk'c  Secretary,  Cornell  Univer- 
sity, Ithaca,  New  York. 

Automobile  Collecting.     (Odonata,  Diptera:  Tabanidae). 

The  following  notes  on  the  automobile  and  its  relation  to 
Insects  have  been  inspired  by  A.  O.  Larson's  recent  article  on, 
"Automobile  vs.  Insects,"  (Ent.  News  Vol.  38:47-51,  65-70). 
I  have  found  the  automobile  an  excellent  contrivance  for  col- 
lecting Odonata,  especially  the  faster  living  species.  In  Honda 
I  have  collected  quite  a  few  specimens  of  Coryphaeschna  in- 
ijcns,  Ana  A'  jnnins  and  Tramca  Carolina  from  machines,  while 
the  only  specimen  of  Gynacantha  ueri'osa  that  I  secured  from 


320  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

that  region  was  taken  in  a  like  manner.  I  have  added  a  new 
Gomphus  record  (G.  dcscriptus)  to  the  Michigan  faunal  list 
by  picking  the  specimen  from  a  car  parked  on  a  side  street  in 
Ann  Arbor,  and  then  waiting  an  hour  to  ascertain  that  the 
Ford  had  not  been  driven  out  of  its  native  State  that  day. 

However  important  in  furnishing  a  mechanical  collecting 
ground  for  insects,  the  automobile  assumes  the  role  of  an  eco- 
logical factor  in  the  reaction  behavior  of  certain  Diptera, 
namely  the  Tabanids.  It  has  been  my  experience  and  also  the 
experience  of  more  assiduous  collectors  in  this  group,  that  Taba- 
nids will  congregate  around  a  standing  car  if  the  engine  is 
hot.  It  is  not  beyond  a  reasonable  doubt  to  say  that  the  Taba- 
nids (especially  Clirysops)  react  very  positively  to  heat  radia- 
tion, being  attracted  to  warm  bodies  rather  than  to  those  that 
are  not.  It  is  due  to  this  fact  probably,  that  an  over  heated 
automobile  parked  in  Horse-fly  environments  will  act  as  a  bait 
for  this  family  of  Diptera.' 

C.  FRANCIS  BVERS,  Ithaca,  New  York. 


The    Oriental    Moth,    Rusicada    fulvida,    In    Pennsylvania 

(Lepid. :  Noctuidae). 

In  the  late  summer  of  1925,  I  captured  several  specimens 
of  Rusicada  fulvida  Gn.,  at  Mt.  Airy,  Philadelphia ;  and  again, 
in  the  early  fall  of  1926.  I  was  unable  to  identify  the  moth. 
It  was  not  represented  in  my  collection,  or  in  the  collections 
of  Mr.  Frank  Haimbach  and  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia.  In  the  early  part  of  September,  1926,  Mr. 
Arthur  H.  Napier  while  walking  with  me  in  a  neighbor's  gar- 
den, called  my  attention  to  a  number  of  Rose  of  Sharon 
(Hibiscus  synacits)  shrubs  which  were  being  defoliated  by 
some  caterpillars.  We  examined  the  leaves  but  could  not  find 
a  larva.  Mr.  Napier  then  went  to  the  back  of  the  bushes  and 
soon  discovered  a  number  of  caterpillars  resting  on  the  small 
branches ;  it  was  then  quite  clear  to  us,  the  larvae  fed  at  nights 
and  hid  away  in  the  clay  time.  We  soon  gathered  about  thirty- 
five  of  the  caterpillars,  which  in  due  time  pupated.  On  the 
29th  of  April  of  the  present  year  (1927)  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  the  first  specimen  of  Kitsiciuta  fulvida  in  my  breed- 
ing cage.  From  April  29  to  May  18,  twenty-five  moths 
emerged.  My  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  J.  McDunnough  for 
identifying  this  moth. 

For  description  and  figure  of  Rusicada  fulvida  see  Seitz, 
Macrolepidoptera  of  the  World,  Vol.  Ill  of  the  Palaearctic 
Section. — PHILIP  LAURKNT,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 

Entomological   Literature 

COMPILED   BY   E.    T.   CRESSON,   JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  t"  tin-  En- 
tomology of  the  Amerieas  <X..rth  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  Anieriean  entomoio^x  \\ill  n..i  be  noted; 
but  contributions  t(i  anatomy,  physioloi;\  and  emoryology  "i  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  Anienran  or  exotic  species  uni  l>e  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  [  I  refer  to  tin-  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  following  list,  in  which  the  papers  are  published.  Tin-  number  of 
volume  (in  bold  face),  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  hel't,  «&c.  within  (  ), 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  lew  exception.--,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

Papers  of  systematic  nature  will  be  found  in  the  paragraph  beginning 
with  (N).  Those  pertaining  to  Neotropical  species  only  will  he  found 
in  paragraphs  beginning  with  (S).  Those  containing  descriptions  ot  nev\ 
forms  are  preceded  by  an  *. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Record, 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.      Also   Review   ot    Applied    K 
tomology,    Series    A,    London.      For    records    of    papers    on    Medical 
mology,   see  Review   of  Applied  Entomology,    Series    i:. 

j^fNote  the  change  in  the  method  o/  citiny  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers  published   in  the   Entomological   News  are  not  listed. 

4 — Canadian    Ent.,    Guelph.     6— Jour.,     \"e\v    York    Ent. 
Soc.     7 — Ann.,   Ent.   Soc.   America,   Columbus,    Ohio.     8- 
Ent.    Monthly   Mag.,    London.     9— Entomologist,    London. 
14 — Ent.  Zeitschrift,  Frankfurt  a.  M.     17 — Ent.  Rundschau, 
Stuttgart.     21 — The  Entomologist's  Record,  London. 
Bull.   Soc.  Ent.   France.     26.— Ent.   Anzeiger,  Wien.     33- 
Bull.  et  An.,  Soc.  Ent.  Belgique.     48— Wiener  Ent.  Zeitung. 
49_Ent.      Mitteilungen,     Berlin.     68- Science.     70— Ento- 
mologica   Americana,    Brooklyn.     79— Koleop.    Rundschau, 
Wien.     101 — Biological    Bui.,    Woods    Hole,    Mass.     111- 
Archiv    f.    Naturgeschichte,    Berlin.     122— Zeit.    f.    Morph. 
u.  Oekol.  Tiere,  Berlin.     154— Zool.  Anzeiger,  Leipzig. 

GENERAL.— Bird,  Ralph  D.— Notes  on  insects  bred 
from  native  and  cultivated  fruit  trees  and  shrubs  of 
southern  Manitoba.  [4]  49  (6)  :  124-218.  Born,  P.- 
Gefahrdete  Insekten.  [Schw.  Ent.  Anz.J  5:  1-4,  coiit. 
Brunetti,  E.— Obituary.  |8J  63:  236-237'.  Champion,  G.  C. 
-In  memoriam.  By  J.  i  Walker.  [S|  53:  197-202.  port. 
Champion,  G.  C.— Obituary.  |9J  60:  215.  Davis,  J.  J.- 
Insecls  of  Indiana  for  1926.  |  Proc.  Ind.  Acad.  Sci.|  36: 
2'M-308,  ill.  DeLong,  D.  M.—  Kntoinolo-  \  in  relation  to 
industry.  [Sci.  Monthly]  Nov.,  1927 :  429-434.  Hayward, 
K.  J. — Migration  of  insects  in  Xortheast  Argentine.  |()| 
60:  188-189.  Heller,  K.  M.— Zur  Verwaltungstechnik  rii- 
tomologischer  Sammlun-rn.  1 4(^ |  16:  242-24n.  Hetschko, 
A. — Mitteilungen  von  Kriinitz  iiber  der  Befruchtung  <U-r 
Blumen  dnrch  Insekten.  |4Sj  44:  74-75.  Horn,  W.— Et 
Meminisse  et  vaticinari  liceat.  1 49 1  16:  22('-2,:in.  How- 
ard, L.  O. — The-  P.ureau  of  l^ntoinolog\'  and  I  )r.  I..  <  >. 
Howard.  [(.SJ  66:  391.  Kloti-Hauser,  E.— Ucbcr  die 


322  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,  '27 

Anfertigung  einfacher  mikroskopischer  Praparate.  Die 
Preparation  des  mannlichen  Gentalapparates  der  Schmet- 
terlinge.  [Schw.  Ent.  Anz.]  5:  1-2  cont.  Sherborn,  C. 
D. — Index  animalium.  Part  12.  Index  haani — implicatus. 
pp.  2881-3136.  1801-1850.  Weiss,  H.  B.— Four  encyclo- 
pedic entomologists  of  the  renaissance.  [6]  35:  193-198. 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,    ETC.— Davis,    A.    C.- 

Ciliated  epithelium  in  the  Insecta.  [7]  20:  359-362,  ill. 
Glaser,  R.  W. — Studies  on  the  polyhedral  diseases  of  in- 
sects due  to  filterable  viruses.  [7]  20:  319-342,  ill.  Maz- 
iarski,  S. — Stir  le  tissti  mtisculaire  des  insectes.  [Bui.  In- 
tern. Acad.  Polon.  Sci.,  Lett.]  1926:  475-516,  ill.  Plavil- 
stshikov,  N.  N. — Kopftausch  tind  instinktveranderungen 
bei  insekten.  [154]  73:  229-243.  Saint-Hilaire,  K- 
Vergleichend-histologische  untersuchungen  der  malpighi- 
schen  gefasse  bei  insekten.  [154]  73:  218-229.  Verlaine. 
L. — Le  determinisme  dti  derotilement  de  la  trompe  et  la 
physiologic  du  gout  chez  les  lepidopteres.  (Pieris  rapae 
Linn.)  [33]  64:^  147-181.  Whedon,  A.  D.— the  structure 
and  transformation  of  the  labiuin  of  Anax  junitis.  [101] 
53:  286-295,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA    AND    MYRIOPODA.— Thomas,    M.- 

L'lnstinct  chez  les  Araignees.      [33]   61:     185-199. 

(N)  Marshall,  R. — Hydracarina  of  the  Douglas  Lake 
region.  [Tr.  Am.  Micro.  Soc.]  46:  268-285,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTA.— Montgom- 
ery, B.  E. — Records  of  Indiana  dragonrlies.  [Proc.  Incl. 
Acad.  Sci.]  36:  287-291.  Heath  and  Wilbur.— The  devel- 
opment of  the  soldier  caste  in  the  termite  genus  Termop- 
sis.  [101]  53:  145-154,  ill.  Needham,  James  G.— The  life 
history  and  habits  of  a  mayfly  from  L  tah.  [4]  49  (6): 
133-136.  illus.  Rifenburgh,  S.  A. — Raising  fleas  for  labora- 
tory purposes.  [Proc.  Ind.  Acad.  Sci.]  36:  311-312. 

(N)  *Byers,  C.  F. — Enallagma  and  Telagrion  from  west- 
ern Florida,  with  a  description  of  a  new  species.  [7]  20: 
385-392. 

(S)  "Hood,  J.  D.— A  blood-sucking  Thrips.     [9]     60:  201. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Kraub,  H.  A.— Ueber  Blattiden-Na- 
men.  [49]  16:  230-234.  Morgan,  W.  P. — Gynandromorphic 
earwigs.  A  note  on  the  mode  of  distribution  of  earwigs. 
[Proc.  Incl.  Acad.  Sci.]  36:  331-333. 

(S)  Burr,  M.  Sao  Thome  and  Principe.  [21]  39:  p. 
117-120.  Menozzi,  C. — Dermatteri  del  deutsches  entomo- 
loglsches  Museum  di  Dahlem-Berlin.  [49]  16:  234-240, 
ill. 


XXXviii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS 

HEMIPTERA.— Klevenhusen,  F.— Beitrage  zur  kennt- 
nis  der  aphidensymbiose.  [122]  9:  97-165,  ill. 

(N)  *Knight,  Harry  H. — Descriptions  of  nine  new  spe- 
cies of  Aielanotrichys  Renter  from  North  America  (Miri- 
dae).  [4]  49  (6):'  141-147.  -Gillette,  C.  P.-  Notes  on 
a  few  Aphid  species  and  the  genus  Illinoia  Wilson.  [7J 
20:  344-348,  ill.  *Hoke,  G. — boine  undescribed  Diaspines 
from  Mississippi.  (Coccidae).  [7J  20:  349-356,  ill. 

(S)  Myers,  J.  G. — Ethological  observations  on  some 
Pyrrhocoridae  of  Cuba.  [7J  20:  279-300. 

LEPIDOPTERA. — Engel,  H. — Vergleichende  morpho- 
logische  studien  iiber  die  mundgliedmassen  von  schmetter- 
lingsraupen.  [122]  9:  166-270,  ill.  Gabriel,  A.  G.— Cata- 
logue of  the  type  specimens  of  Lepidoptera  Rhopalocera  in 
the  Br.  Museum.  Part  3.  Xymphaliaae.  [Br.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.]  1927.  128  pp.  Muir,  F. — Remarks  on  the  mor- 
phology of  the  male  genitalia  in  Lepidoptera.  [8]  63: 
172-1/4.  Schade,  F. — Ambrillis  centenaria  Burm.  [17] 
44 :  28. 

(N)  :::Barnes  and  Benjamin. — A  new  race  of  Hemaris 
diffinis  (Sphingidae)  [Bull.  S.  California  Acad.  Sci.]  26  (2): 
51.  Gunder,  J.  D. — New  transition  forms  or  "ABS." 
(Rhopaloceraj.  [Bull.  S.  California  Acad.  Sci.]  26  (2):  53. 
Huggins,  H.  C. — Variation  in  the  genus  Tortrix.  [9]  60: 
211-212.  :;:McDunnough,  J. — The  Lepidoptera  of  the  Seton 
Lake  region,  British  Columbia.  [4]  59  (9) :  207-214.  *Mc- 
Dunnough,  J. — A  new  Hemimene  irom  Alberta  (Eucosmi- 
dae)  [4]  59  (9)  :  225-226.  1  fig. 

(S)  *Gillott,  A.  G.  M. — Notes  on  Costa  Rican  Chlorippi-s 
(Nymphalidae),  with  description  of  a  new  species.  [9]  60: 
198-200.  Hayward,  K.  J. — Miscellaneous  notes  from  Argen- 
tine. [21]  39:  120-122.  :;:Michael,  O. — Neue  oder  wenig 
bekannte  Agriasformen  vom  Amazonasgebiet.  [14]  41: 
257-264. 

DIPTERA. — Daltry,  H.  W. — Cannibalism  in  a  Bug  and 
in  a  Sawrly.  |9J  60:  235.  DeCoursey,  R.  M. — A  bioiiomi- 
cal  study  of  the  cluster  rly  i'ollenia  rudis  Fab.  (Calliphori- 
dae).  [7]  20:  368-382,  ill.  Myers,  J.  G.— A  sarcophagi 
"parasite"  of  solitary  wasps:  Pachyophthalmus  parasitixing 
Anci-strocerus.  [8]  63:  190-192,  cont.  Rostand,  J.— Demi- 
larves  de  mouches  obtenues  par  ligature  cles  ueufs.  [25] 
1927:  215-216.  Walker,  George  P.— A  blacktly.  (Simnliuin 
bracteatum),  fatal  to  goslings.  [4J  49  (6):  123. 


324  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

(N)  '"Alexander,  Charles  P. — Records  and  descriptions  of 
crane-flies  from  Alberta  (Tipulidae).  I.  [4]  59  (9)  :  214-225. 
2  fig.  *Curran,  C.  H.— Notes  on  Syrphidae.  [4]  59  (9) :  205- 
207.  Edwards,  F.  W. — Some  unused  characters  for  the  clas- 
sification of  the  Chironomidae  (Diptera).  [9]  60:  225-226. 
(S)  :::Alexander,  C.  P. — Studies  of  the  crane-flies  of  Mex- 
ico. Part  111.  (Tipuloidea).  [7]  20:  301-318.  *Hendel,  F. 
-Einige  neue  Bohrfliegen  (Trypetidae)  aus  dem  Ham- 
burger Museum.  [48]  44:  58-65.  *Townsend,  C.  H.  T.- 
New  muscoid  flies  in  the  collection  of  the  deutsches  ento- 
mologi'Sches  Institut  in  Berlin.  [49]  16:  277-287. 

COLEOPTERA.— Heymons,     Lengerken     u.     Bayer.- 

Studien  iiber  die  lebenserscheinungen  der  Silphini.  Phos- 
phuga  atrata.  [122]  9:  271-312,  ill.  Hopping,  Geo.  R.- 
Studies  in  the  Life  History  of  Trachychele  blondeli  Mars. 
[4]  59  (9)  :  201-204.  Schulze,  P.— Der  chitinige  gespinst- 
faclen  der  larve  von  Platydema  tricuspis.  [122]  9:  333-340, 
ill.  Scott,  H. — Notes  on  some  foreign  Coleoptera  imported 
into  Great  Britain,  and  their  biology.  [8]  63:  181-182. 

(N)  Bodenheimer,  F.  S. — Les  frontieres  ecologiques 
d'une  Cochenille  le  Guerinia  serratulae  Fab.  [25]  1927: 
195-198.  *Brown,  W.  J. — Four  new  species  of  Onthopha- 
gus.  [4]  49  (6) :  128-133.  *Chittenden,  F.  H.— The  species 
of  Phyllotreta  north  of  Mexico.  [70]  8:  1-59,  ill.  -Fall, 
H.  C.— New  Coleoptera  XII.  [4]  49  (6):  136-141.  *Hatch, 
M.  H.— Concerning  Melandryidae.  [7]  20:  363-366.  *Hatch, 
M.  H. — New  aberrations  of  Temnopsophus  and  Psuede- 
baeus  (Malachiinae).  [7]  20:  366-367.  Netolitzky,  F.- 
Gedanken  iiber  die  Urform  und  das  nattirliche  System  der 
Bembidiinen  und  der  mit  ihnen  nachstverwandten  Carabi- 
dengruppen.  [79]  13:  100-112. 

(S)  '"Bernhauer,  M. — Zur  Staphylinidenfauna  Suclame- 
rikas,  inbesondere  Argentiniens.  [Ill]  1918,  Abt.  A,  Hft. 
11:  229-264.  :;:Pic,  M. — Nouveaux  Coleopteres  exotiques. 
[49]  16:  246-255.  -Spaeth,  F. — Beschreibung  neiier  Cassi- 
den.  [Bull.  Men.  Soc.  Nat.  Luxemb.]  1926:  11-24. 

HYMENOPTERA.  -  Baumann,  C.  r.eobachtungen 
ii1)er  die  metamorphose  der  schlupfwespen  Coleocentrus 
excitator  und  Ephialtes  manifestator.  |122|  9:  313-332,  ill. 
Daltry,  H.  W. —  (See  under  Diptera).  Fintzescou,  G.  N.— 
Contributions  a  la  biologic  de  la  Mouche  a  scie  des  Kosiers. 
(Hylotoma  rosae  D.  G.).  [25]  1927:  180-183.  Strand,  E. 
-Verzeichnis  der  Hymenoptera,  die  bis  /.urn  Jahre  1('2<> 
beschrieben  wtirden  in  den  Arbeiten.  [14]  41:  253-257, 


XXXVlii,    '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL     MAYS 

cont.    Vance,  A.  M. — On  the  biology  of  some  Ichneumonids 

of  the  genus  Paniscus  Schrk.     [7]   20:  405-41(>,  ill. 

(N)  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Some  North  and  South  Amer- 
ican bees.  [7J  20:  393-400.  Micha,  I.— lieitrag  /ur  kennt- 
nis  der  Scoliiden.  (Liacos,  Diliacos  u.  Triscolia).  [Mitt. 
Zool.  Mus.  r.erlin.]  13:  1-156,  ill.  Smith,  M.  R.-  A  con- 
tribution to  the  biology  and  distribution  of  one  of  the 
legionary  ants,  Eciton  schmitti  Emery.  [7]  20:  401-404. 

(S)  :::Brethes,  J. — 1  lyinenopteres  Sud-Amerciains  du 
Deutsches  Entomologisches  Institut:  Terebrantia.  [49] 
16:  296-309,  cont.  :::Menozzi,  C.— Formiche  racolte  dal  Sig. 
H.  Schmidt  nei  dintorni  di  San  Jose  di  Costa  Rica.  (For- 
micidae).  [49]  16:  266-277,  cont. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES. 

Contribution  a  1'etude  systematique  et  biologique  des 
Termites  de  1'Indochine.  Par  J.  I'.athellier.  This  mono- 
graphic work  is  contained  in  pages  12r>-365  of  "Faune  des 
Colonies  Franchises,  Tom.  1,  and  contains  many  illustra- 
tions and  a  colored  plate.  Altho  treating  only  of  the  Indo- 
china species,  its  biological  nature  may  make  it  interesting 
to  American  students  of  this  group. 

HISTOLOGICAL  TECHNIQUE,  By  B.  F.  KiNGSBURY  and  O.  A. 
JOHANNSEN.  John  Wiley  and  Sons.  Inc..  Xew  York,  1927, 
vii,  142  pp.,  16  figs.  Price,  $2.25.— This  book,  although  desig- 
nated as  a  guide  for  a  laboratory  course  in  histology,  might  well 
be  on  the  desk  of  every  entomologist  interested  in  the  structure 
of  insects.  It  not  only  contains  the  cream  of  Professor  Kings- 
bury 's  experiences  in  the  field  of  general  histology,  but  to  it 
are  added  Professor  Jobannsen's  studies  in  insect  histology. 
In  the  chapter  on  "Special  methods"  the  authors  detail  the 
various  methods  for  the  treatment  and  sectioning  of  chitin  as 
well  as  for  staining  it.  In  another  section  of  the  book  en- 
titled "Special  methods  for  various  forms",  under  the  heading 
"Arthropoda",  means  for  the  study  of  the  tracheal  and  nervous 
systems  of  insects  are  discussed.  Directions  for  the  section- 
ing of  arthropod  eggs  and  embryos  reveal  the  special  treat- 
ment each  must  receive.  Near  the  close  of  the  book  consid- 
eration is  given  to  the  special  preservatory  methods  required 
for  coccids  and  other  forms.  In  the  words  of  the  publishers, 
"the  goal  of  the  text,  from  the  side  of  histological  technique, 
is  a  refined  method  of  analysis  from  the  chemico-physical  as 
well  as  the  morphological  aspect,  and  the  interpretation  of  our 
morphology  in  terms  of  phvsiology". —  \\'.M.  P.  HAYES,  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois,  Urbana,  Illinois. 


326  ENTOMOLOGICAL     NEWS  [Dec.,    '27 

OBITUARY. 

As  announced  in  the  NEWS  for  November,  GEORGE  CHARLES 
CHAMPION  died  at  Horsell,  Woking,  Surrey,  England,  on 
August  8,  1927.  Obituary  notices  have  appeared  in  the  Ento- 
mologists' Monthly  Magazine  and  The  Entomologist  for  Sep- 
tember, and  in  Nature  for  September  17th.  The  first  men- 
tioned is  accompanied  by  a  portrait.  These  three  supply 
biographical  information  with  particular  reference  to  his  own 
country.  Champion  has,  like  many  others,  a  special  interest 
for  American  entomologists  by  reason  of  his  taxonomic  work 
on  Coleoptera  and  Heteroptera  in  the  Biologia  Ccntrali- 
Americana. 

He  was  born  April  29,  1851,  son  of  a  Walworth  (London) 
clock-  and  watch-maker.  After  having  actively  studied 
British  Coleoptera,  he  was  engaged  by  Messrs.  Godman  and 
Salvin  to  make  collections  for  the  Biologia  in  Central  America, 
and  began  his  work  at  San  Jose,  the  Pacific  port  of  Guatemala, 
on  March  16,  1879.  In  April,  1881,  he  proceeded  to  Panama, 
where  he  remained  until  May,  1883.  His  itinerary  was  first 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  February,  1907,  and  subsequently  in 
more  detail  in  the  Introductory  Volume  (1915)  of  the  Biologia. 
He  contributed  an  account  of  his  experiences  and  methods, 
under  the  title  Tropical  Collecting,  to  the  Entomologists'  Month- 
ly Magazine  for  1884.  Discussing  the  inserting  of  dates  when 
certain  species  of  Central  American  insects  were  collected,  he 
wrote,  in  a  letter  of  March  9,  1901,  "It  is  not  very  important 
to  my  mind,  for  tropical  countries" ;  in  this  he  shared  the 
opinion  of  Schaus,  but  not  of  Gundlach,  nor,  if  I  may  add, 
my  own. 

On  his  return  to  England  he  continued  his  connection  with 
Messrs.  Godman  and  Salvin  and  the  former  records  this  ap- 
preciation of  his  work  in  the  Preface  to  the  same  Introduction. 

To  my  Secretary,  Mr.  G.  C.  Champion,  I  am  specially  in- 
debted for  the  valuable  assistance  he  has  rendered  as  collector, 
contributor,  and  also  as  subeditor,  in  which  last  capacity  his 
advice  has  been  of  inestimable  value.  His  knowledge  of  Ento- 
mology, especially  of  Coleoptera  and  Rhynchota,  has  made  him 
one  of  our  most  important  contributors,  and  he  has  either 
undertaken  alone,  or  shared  in  the  production  of,  no  less  than 
nine  volumes  of  the  'Biologia'. 


xxxviii,  '27]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

These  nine  volumes  were  Coleoptera,  Vol.  Ill,  part  1,  Serri- 
cornia:  Elateridae— Dascillidae ;  Vol.  IV,  parts  1  and  2, 
Heteromera;  Vol.  IV,  part  3,  in  cooperation  with  D.  Sharp, 
Curculionidae ;  parts  4,  5  and  7,  continuation  of  the  Curcul- 
ionidae;  VI,  part  2  with  J.  S.  Baly,  LMiytnphaga  (part). 
Rhynchota  Heteroptera,  Vol.  II:  Tingitidae  to  Corixidae. 
From  the  data  furnished  in  the  Introductory  Volume,  it  appears 
that  of  the  Heteromera  Champion  enumerated  1776  species 
of  which  he  described  1295  as  new ;  of  the  Curculionidae  treated 
in  parts  4,  5  and  7,  he  enumerated  2617  species  and  described 
2094  of  them  as  new.  For  the  Cassididae  in  the  Phytophaga 
the  corresponding  figures  are  227  and  55  and  for  the  volume 
on  Heteroptera  592  and  nearly  half  that  number.  It  will  be 
seen,  therefore,  that  Champion  described  above  3400  new 
species  in  these  groups  of  Coleoptera  alone.  The  dates  of 
publication  of  his  contributions  to  the  Biologia  fall  between 
1884  and  1911. 

In  this  connection  it  is  of  interest  to  quote  from  Champion's 
letters  to  the  writer : 

I  have  been  labeling  all  the  beetles  dealt  with  in  B.  C.  A. 
by  myself.  Have  just  got  through  about  2500  species  of 
Curculionidae  and  every  specimen  now  bears  a  printed  name 
label  .  .  .  For  some  time  past  I  have  been  sending  and  re- 
ceiving co-types  of  Cure [ulionidae]  to  U.  S.  N.  Mus.  and 
they  are  returning  the  compliment.  It  is  better  for  both 
museums.  (1.  xii.  1910). 

The  Biologia  Curculionids  worked  out  by  me  have  just 
been  presented  [to  the  British  MUM-UHI] — 2"617  species  and 
about  19,000  specimens.  (24.  2.  1911). 

After  the  Introductory  }7olninc — the  last  of  the  whole  series 
—had  appeared,  he  wrote : 

It  certainly  was  a  great  relief  to  get  that  final  volume  issued, 
so  that  the  whole  work  might  be  closed  up.  I  must  say,  at 
Mr.  Godman's  great  age,  that  the  matter  was  doubtful.  How- 
ever, he  lived  to  see  it  through  and  is  still  fairly  well  in  health. 
This  brings  my  36-year  work  to  a  close  anyway  as  regards 
the  'Biologia'.  (Nov.  16th,  1915). 

The  Biologia  did  not  conclude  Champion's  work  on  Central 
American  Coleoptera,  however,  for  a  number  of  papers  by  him, 
on  material  received  after  the  volumes  of  that  series  were 


328  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,  '27 

closed,  appeared  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Entomological  So- 
cictv  of  London  (1913-1917)  and  in  the  Annals  and  Magazine 
of  Natural  History  (1911-1926). 

His  holidays  were  often  spent  in  collecting  on  the  continent 
and  islands  of  Europe,  Switzerland,  Norway,  Corsica,  Sardinia, 
Spain  and  Portugal,  and  also  Tunis,  being  among  the  countries 
visited. 

His  eldest  son,  H.  G.  Champion,  studied  in  the  United 
States  in  1914  and  1915,  and  the  following  letters  refer  to  this 
visit. 

My  son,  H.  G.  C.,  returned  to  England  by  the  'Cameronia' 
and  left  again,  for  India,  Nov.  13th,  by  the  'Arabia'.  I  hope 
thev  will  not  be  torpedoed  in  the  Mediterranean  (Nov.  16, 
1915).  .  .  .  H.  G.  C.  reached  Bombav  safely,  thanks,  on  Dec. 
6th.  He  has  brought  a  great  many  Coleoptera  from  Califor- 
nia, etc.,  many  things  not  to  be  found  in  collections  in  this 
country,  I  am  sure !  It  will  take  me  a  long  time  to  mount 
them  all.  Shall  hand  over  a  set  to  B.  Mus.  probably  (11.  xii. 
1915). 

H.  G.  Champion's  collections  of  Coleoptera  in  India  fur- 
nished material  for  another  series  of  descriptions  of  new  forms 
by  his  father  in  recent  volumes  of  the  Entomologists'  Monthly 
Magazine.  Within  the  past  ten  years  Champion  also  published 
much  on  African  Coleoptera. 

Of  the  Magazine  G.  C.  Champion  was  an  Editor  from  1891 
to  the  time  of  his  death ;  to  it  he  is  stated  to-  have  contributed, 
before  and  during  his  editorship,  426  articles,  exclusive  of  re- 
views and  notices  of  periodicals.  He  had  also  been  an  editor 
of  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  since  1923. 

Active  in  the  Entomological  and  other  scientific  societies  of 
London,  his  modesty  prevented  his  acceptance  of  the  presi- 
dency of  the  first  named. 

He  bequeathed  his  European  and  exotic  Coleoptera  to  the 
British  Museum,  his  British  beetles  to  his  eldest  son. 

As  a  contributor  to  the  Biologia,  the  writer  has  again  looked 
over  a  long  series  of  letters  and  cards  received  from  Champion 
in  connection  with  that  work.  They  testify  to  his  scrupulous 
editorial  care,  his  untiring  helpfulness.  They  recall  a  personal 
acquaintance  begun  in  1895  and  renewed  at  the  Oxford  Con- 
gress of  1912,  and  they  leave  behind  the  pleasant  memory  of 
an  active  and  engaging  personality.  PHILIP  P.  CALVERT. 


INDEX     TO     VOLUME     XXXVIII. 


(*  indicates   new    .m-m-nt,    ^pecii  S,    names, 
ABBOTT,    C.    E.      An    aberrant    specimen    of    Xccropliorns 

tomentosus    39 

ALDRICH,  J.  M.     Chirowiyia  oppidana  occurring  in  the  I  . 

S 79 

Obituary :     Mario  Bezzi    128 

ALEXANDER,    C.    P.     Undescribed    species    of    crane-Hies 

from  the  eastern  U.  S.  and  ( 'anada.     Part  TV 181 

BANKS,  N.     The  Bowditch  collection  of  ,>'era 79 

BEER,  E.     See  Wyatt  and  Beer. 

BLATCHLEY,  W.  S.     Some  ne\v  species  of  colcoptera  from 

Indiana  and  Florida   13(> 

BRAUN,  A.  F.     A  new  species  of  Holcuccra  predaceous  on 

mealybugs    US 

BRIMLEY,  C.  S.     Notes  on  Xorth  Carolina  Hymenoptera  .   236 

Two  new  species  of  Diptera  from  Xorth  Carolina   ....    235 
BRITTON,  \V.  E.     Review:     \  leteroj'tera  of  eastern  Xorth 

America     

BUCHANAN,  L.  L.     Xotes  on  some  light-attracted  beetles 

from  Louisiana   (ill.)    165 

BYERS,  C.  F.     Automobile  collecting   319 

The  nymph  of  Libcllnla  inccsfa  and  a  key  to  the  separ- 
ation of  the  known  nymphs  of  the  genus  Lihcllula  ...    113 
CALVERT,  P.  P.     Changes  in  the  NEWS  for  1928  (Ed.) ...    316 

Does  familiarity  breed  contempt  ?     (  F.d.)    185 

Entomology  at  the  "Convocation  week"  meeting,  De- 
cember 27,  1926,  to  January  1.  1927  (Ed.)  .  .  . 

Obituary:     Annie  Trumbull  Slosson   128 

Obituary:    George  Charles  Champion 296,  326 

Obituary :     John  Coney  Moulton   64 

Obituaries:  Cyril  Lukes  \Yithycomhe:  J.  C.  Huguenin; 
George  Lewis ;  Francis  David  Morice 96 

Obituaries:  Oliver  Erichson  Jait^on,  George  Taylor 
Porritt,  Julius  Seelhorst  Meves,  I. eon  |)i-uei,  ( 'liarles 
Fuller  Baker.  Alfred  Moeller,  Karl  I'.aldns.  M.  L. 

Gedoelst    260 

329 


330  INDEX 

Obituaries :    William  Lochhead,  Frank  R.  Mason 196 

Obituary    notices :       Francis    David     Morice,     Tasushi 

Nawa,  Ermanno  Giglio-Tos   32 

Rene  Martin  (Port.)    197 

The  situation  of  systematic  entomology   (Ed.)    119 

Review :     Biological  Survey  of  the  Mount  Desert  Re- 
gion       255 

Review :      Economic    Biology    for    Students    of    Social 

Science    257 

Reviews :     First  Lessons  in   Nature  Study.       Zoologie 

im  Grundriss    93 

Review :    General  Catalogue  of  the  Hemiptera 254' 

Review :     Guide  to  the   Insects  of   Connecticut.       The 

Odonata  or  Dragonflies  of  Connecticut 294 

Review :      A    Guide    to    the    Study    of    Fresh    Water 

Biology    252 

Review :      Morphology   and    Mechanism    of    the    Insect 

Thorax    256 

COCKERELL,    T.    D.    A.     Review :      Insects    of    Western 

North   America   29 

CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.     The  American  entomological  society 

(Minutes) 95 

Entomological  literature    23,  59,  80,  121,  159,  187,  221,  242 
286,  321. 

Review :     How  Insects  Live   89 

CROSBY,  C.  R.     Figures  and  descriptions    219 

CURRAN,  C.  H.     Synopsis  of  the  syrphid  genus  Co  pest  y- 

luin    43 

FALL,  H.  C.     The  North  American  species  of  Ilybius  ....   281 
FLETCHER,   F.   C.     Undescribed   Pselaphidae  collected  by 

Dr.  J.  C.  Bradley  in  Panama   149 

FROST,  S.  W.     Beneficial  insects  trapped  in  bait-pails.  ...    153 
FULTON,  B.  B.     Concerning  some  published  statements  on 

the  habits  of  the  European  earwig 272 

GARTH,  J.  S.     Los  Angeles  butterfly  show 184 

GRAENICHER,  S.     On  the  biology  of  the  parasitic  bees  of 
the  genus  Coelio.vys 231,  273 


INDEX  331 

GRANT,  C.     Announcement  of  an  experiment   120 

GUNDER,  J.  D.     A  new  "skipper"  aberration  (ill.)    51 

New  transition  forms  or  "abs"  and  their  classification 

(Col.  PI.)    129 

Transition  forms  (ill.)    263 

HALL,  D.  G.    A  new  syrphid  from  Guatemala  (ill. ) ....   239 
HAYES,  W.  P.     Congeneric  and  intergeneric  pederasty  in 

the   Scarabaeidae    216 

A  note  on  the  new  species  in  Tillyard's  "Insects  of  Aus- 
tralia and  New  Zealand"   228 

Review :     Histological  Technique   325 

Review :     Insects  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand 92 

HERRICK,  G.  W.     Two  new  species  of  thrips  (ill.)    276 

HICKS,  C.  H.     Mcgachile  sube.rilis,  a  resin-working  bee  .  .      17 
Stelis    pcrmaculata,    a    parasite    of    Heriades   carinatiis  297 
HOOD,  J.  D.    Nineteen  synonyms  in  the  North  American 

Thysanoptera    112 

HORN,  W.     The  new  index  to  entomological  literature.  .      77 
HOWARD,  L.  O.     Additions  to  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  186 

Concerning  phoresy  in  insects 145 

Review :    Revista  Chilena  de  Historia  Natural 164 

Review  :     Syllabus  der  Insektenbiologie 28 

HUNGERFORD  and  PARKER.     Minutes :     The  Kansas  ento- 
mological society   229 

JOHANNSEN,  O.  A.     The  fourth  international  congress  of 

entomology    318 

The  genus  Stcnoxenus  70 

KNIGHT,  H.  H.     Acetropis  aincricana,  a  new  species  of 

Miridae  from  Oregon 206 

Daccrla  downcsi,  a  new  species  of  Miridae  from  Oregon  314 
New  species  of  mimetic.  Miridae  from  North  America  302 
Notes  on  the  collecting  of  Say's  mulatto-bug  (Cydnoidcs 

albipcnuis)    40 

KNULL,    J.    N.     Descriptions    of    Coleoptera    with    notes 

(Buprestidae  and  Cerambycidae)    115 

LARSON,  A.  O.     The  automobile  vs.  insects 47,     (o 

LAURENT,    P.     The   oriental   moth,    Rusicada  fnlvida,    in 
Pennsylvania    320 


332  INDEX 

LIST,   G.   M.     Rocky   Mountain  conference  of   entomolo- 
gists     205 

MALLOCH,  J.  R.     A  new  species  of  the  genus  Fannia  from 
North  America  (ill.)   176 

METCALF,  Z.  P.     Homopterological  gleanings  No.  2.     The 
types  of  certain  genera  of  Membracidae 14 

MILLER,  A.  E.  A  case  for  the  English  sparrow  as  an  in- 
sect destroyer 58 

Another  "Black  witch"  in  the  north 10 

Oddities  in  cocoons  of  some  common  Saturnidae 11 

MONTGOMERY,  B.  E.     Notes  on  some  Lousiana  dragonflies   100 

NEEDHAM,  J.  G.     Obituary  :    Curtis  G.  Lloyd 31 

PARKER,  R.  L.     The  Kansas  entomological  society 286 

PARSHLEY,  H.  M.  Review:  Heteroptera  or  True  Bugs 
of  Eastern  North  America  91 

PORTER,  A.  F.     Collecting  experiences  in  Ecuador 170 

REHN,  J.  A.  G.  A  new  generic  name  for  Enkrates  of 
Burr  148 

Ris,  F.     The  study  of  insect  relations   22 

ROHWER,   S.   A.     Should   insect  collections   be   passed  on 

to    individuals  ?    157 

What  is  the  first  insect  known  from  North  America?  .  .    300 

ROSTAND,  J.  Half-larvae  of  flies  obtained  by  ligaturing 
eggs 286 

SAVIN,  M.  B.  Food  preferences  of  the  black  cricket 
(Grylliis  assimilis)  with  special  reference  to  the  damage 
done  to  fabrics 4,  33 

SCHMIEDER,  R.  G.     Review:     Biologic  der  Hymenopteren  292 

SCHOTT,  F.      (see  Weiss  and  Schott) 

SMITH,  M.  R.  An  additional  annotated  list  of  ants  of 
Mississippi,  with  a  description  .of  a  new  species  of 
Phcidolc  308 

STILES,  C.  W.  Summary  of  votes  in  recent  American 
referendum  on  Dr.  Poche's  three  propositions  to  change 
the  international  rules  of  zoological  nomenclature  ....  241 

TAYLOR,  L.  H.     Review:     Die  Goldwespen  Europas   ....   253 

THORINGTON,  J.  M.  Some  Coleoptera  of  the  North  Sas- 
katchewan headwaters — Canadian  Rocky  Mountains  ...  177 


INDEX  333 

TITHERINGTON,   R.   J.     The   American   entomological   so- 
ciety (Minutes)   95,  195,  229,  258 

TOWNSEND,  C.  H.  T.     Prodiaphania,  new  name  for  Dia- 
phania  Macquart   (1843)  preoccupied   159 

VAN  DUZEE,  M.  C.     The  North  American  Nematoproctus     53 
Three  new  species  of  Psilopus  from  North  America,  and 
notes  on  caudatns   72 

WEISS,  H.  B.     Andrew  Crosse's  Acarus Ill 

Dru     Drury,     silversmith     and     entomologist     of     the 

eighteenth  century 208 

The  entomology  of  Erasmus  Darwin's  "Botanic  Garden"   106 

WEISS    and    SCHOTT.     Anton    Hochstein,    illustrator    of 
Trimble's  "Insect   enemies  of  fruit  and   fruit   trees" 

(ill.)    1 

WILLIAMS,    R.    C.     Review :      Monograph    of    the    Tribe 

Hesperiidi   87 

Review :     The  Lepidoptera  named  by  George  A.  Ehr- 
mann        195 

WOLCOTT,  G.  N.     Notes  on  the  pierid  butterfly,  Kricogonia 
cast  alia    97 

WYATT,  A.  K.     Collecting  experiences  (Noctuidae)    214 

A  new  form  of  Papaipema  speciosissima   215 

WYATT  and  BEER.     A  new  form  of  Papaipetna  speciosis- 
sima     215 


334 


INDEX 


GENERAL  SUBJECTS 

Albifusism 269 

American      entomological     so- 
ciety,   Minutes   95,    195,   229,  258 
Arkansas       University,       New 
building    for    department    of 

entomology    286 

Automobile    collecting    319 

Automobile  vs.  insects  ....47,  165 
Back  volumes  of  the  NEWS..  105 
Bait-pails,  Insects  trapped  in..  153 

Beneficial  insects  trapped 153 

Bergmann's    Rule    258 

Birds  and  insects 58 

Bowditch  collection  of  coleop- 

tera    79 

British  Museum,   Additions   to  220 

Changes   in   the   NEWS 316 

Chilean  society  of  natural  his- 
tory        54 

Collecting  in  Ecuador 170 

Collections   passed  on   to   indi- 
viduals        157 

Convocation  week  meetings...  55 
Darwin,  Eraemus,  Botanic 

Garden    106 

Doings  of  societies  95,  195,  229,  258 
Drury,    silversmith    and    ento- 
mologist     208 

English  sparrow  as  insect  de- 
stroyer         58 

Expedition    in    Patagonia 158 

Expeditions,      Collecting 220 

Experiment,  Announcement  of 

an     120 

Fabrics,    Damage   to 4,     33 

Familiarity     breed     contempt  ? 

Does    185 

Fernald   entomological    club...   184 

Figures   and   descriptions 219 

First    insect    known    from    N. 

Am 300 

Index    to    entomological    liter- 
ature    (Ed.) 77 

International  congress  of  ento- 
mology,   Fourth 318 

Jugatae,    The    1000th    meeting 
of  the..  ....   220 


Kansas    entomological    society  229 

289. 

Literature     23,    59,    80,     121,  159, 
187,  221,  242,  286,  321. 

Melanifusism    270 

Nomenclature,  Zoological   260 

Parasites,  Insect 100,   118,  297 

Phoresy  in  insects 145 

Plants  attacked    115,  139,  215,  278, 

304. 

Plants  visited  by  insects. .  .42,     99 
Poche's  propositions,  American 

referendum  on 241 

Relations,    Insect 22 

Riley's     scrap-books 144 

Rocky  Mountain  conference  of 

entomologists    205 

Scrap-books  of  C.  V.  Riley..   144 
Systematic  entomology,   Situa- 
tion   of 119 

U.    S.    Bureau   of    entomology 

Chief    resigns 317 

United    States    National    Mu- 
seum, Additions 186 

OBITUARY    NOTICES 

Baker,    C.    F 261 

Bezzi.    M 128 

Champion,    G.    C 296,  326 

Diguet,    L 261 

Gedoelst,  M.  L 262 

Giglio-Tos,    E 32 

Huguenin,   J.    C 96 

Janson,  O.  E 260 

Lewis,     G 96 

Lloyd,  C.  G 31 

Lochhead.    W 196 

Martin,    R.    (Port.) 197 

Mason,   F.   R 196 

Meves,  J.  S 261 

Moeller,   A 262 

Morice,  F.  D 32,     96 

Moulton.  J.   C 64 

-\a\va.     T 32 

Porritt,    G.    T 261 

Slosson,    A.    T 128 

\Yithycombe,    C.    L 96 


INDEX 


335 


PERSONALS 

Aldrich,  J.  M 220 

Allen,  H.  W 78 

Austen,  E.  E 78 

Baker,    C.    F 220 

Benedict,    W 315 

Bezzi,    M 78 

Bryan,   E.   H 219 

Cockerell,   T.   D.  A 57,242 

Drury,   D 208 

Dunavan,     D 78 

Emerson,  A.  E 78 

Gahan,  C.  J 186 

Haley,    G 220 

Hallock,    H.    C 241 

Harrold,  G.  C 220 

Hatch,  M.  H 21,  219 

Hochstein,    A.    (Port.) 1 

Howard,  L.  0 186,  317 

Jordan,     K 220 

McPhail,     M 78 

Mank,  E.  W 219 

Marlatt,   C.   L 317 

Martin,    J.    0 220 

Needham,  J.  G 241 

Nuttall,  G.  H.  F 219 

Painter,  R.  H 59 

Ramakrishna  Ayyar,  T.  V. . . .     59 

Rehn,  J.  A.   G 241 

Schwarz,  E.  A 78 

Tillyard,  R.  J 219 

Townsend,   C.   H.  T 242 

Van  Duzee,  E.  P 220 

Wheeler,  W.  M 219,  242 

Williams,  C  B 285 

REVIEWS 

Bischoff:      Biologie    der    Hy- 

menopteren  292 

Blatchley :  Heteroptera  of 

Eastern  North  America.. 90,  91 
Blunk  :  Syllabus  der  Insekten- 

biologie 28 

Esdaile  :  Economic  Biology  for 

Students  of  Social  Science..  257 


Essig:  Insects  of  Western 
No.  America 29 

Funkhouser :  General  Cata- 
logue of  the  Hemiptera  . . .  254 

Garman  :  Odonata  or  Dragon- 
flies  of  Connecticut 294 

Holland :  Lcpidoptera  Named 
by  G.  A.  Ehrmann 195 

Johnson :  Biological  Survey 
of  the  Mount  Desert  Re- 
gion    255 

Kingsbury  &  Johannsen  :  His- 
tological  technique.... 325 

Needham  &  Needham  :  Guide 
to  the  Study  of  Fresh 
Water  Biology 252 

Patch :  First  Lessons  in  Na- 
ture Study 93 

Revista :  Chilena  de  Historia 
Natural  164 

Snodgrass :  Morphology  and 
Mechanism  of  the  Insect 
Thorax  254 

Stempell :  Zoologie  im  Grun- 
driss  ;  93 

Tillyard  :  Insects  of  Australia 
and  New  Zealand 92 

Trautmann  :  Goldwespen  Eur- 
opas  253 

Warren :  Monograph  of  the 
Tribe  Hesperiidi 87 

Wellhouse  :    How  Insects  Live    89 

GEOGRAPHICAL 

DISTRIBUTION 

Alaska :     Col.,  285. 

Arizona:      Col.,     115.        Dip.,    46. 

Hem.,   304. 
California  :     Lcp.,  52.  68,  118,  133, 

268. 
Colorado:      Dip.,    74.        Hem.,    40. 

304.     Hym.,   18,   297. 
Connecticut :     Col.,  285. 
District    of    Columbia:      Dip.,    7''. 


336 


INDEX 


Florida:     Col.,  139.      Dip.,  73,  182.  ARACHNIDA 

Hem.,   304.     Lep.,   95.     Od.,   319.  Acarus  (see  crossii) 

Georgia:     Od.,   113.  Crosse's  Acarus Ill 

Illinois:     Col.,   39.     Lep.,   10.  crossii,  Acarus Ill 

Indian   Territory  :     Col.,  282. 

Indiana:      Col.,    143.       Lep.,    214,  COLEOPTERA 

216,  266.  Aberrant   specimen   of   Nccro- 

Louisiana :      Col.,    165.      Dip.,    65.  phnnts    touicntosus 39 

Od.,   100.  Actenodcs   (see  arizonica) 

Maine:     Dip.,  176.  Adalia    (see   bipunc/ata) 

Maryland:      Dip..    176.  acncocollis*,    Orthopcrus 139 

Massachusetts:     Col.,  285.  Alans   (see  omlatus) 

Michigan1:     Thysanop.,    281.  umcricana,    Silpha 301 

Mississippi:      Hym.,   308.  undrcac.    I'liysocncuutiii 117 

Missouri :     Lep.,  138,  269.  angitstior,    Ilybius 283 

Nebraska:      Lep.,    136.  Anopliuin    (see   Elaphidiori) 

New  Jersey :     Col.,  285.     Orth.,  4.  Aphthona   (see  schae  fieri) 

New   Mexico:      Dip.,  46.  arizonica*,    Actenodcs 115 

New  York:     Col.,  285.     Lep.,  278.  .Irtipns    ( *ce    psittacinns) 

Thysanop.,  278.  atcr,    Ilybius 283 

North  Carolina :    Dip.,  235.     Hym.,  Bibra.r*     149 

236.     Lep.,    134.  biguttitlits.  Ilybius 283 

Ohio:      Lep.,   11,   58.  bipnnctata.  Adalia 154 

Oregon :      Hem.,   206,   314.       Lep.,  bradlcyi*,     Bibra.r 150 

267.  Bntcluis    (see   pisornin) 

Pennsylvania:     Col.,   115,   153,282.  Buprestidae    115 

Dip.,     54,     153.     Lep.,     153,    320.  Buprcstis    (see   striata) 

Neu.,   153.  Ceramhycidae    115 

Tennessee:     Dip.,  183.  (.'lirysoholliris    (see  chrysocla) 

Texas:      Col.,    167,   285.      Dip.,  44.  chrysocla,   Chrysobothris 115 

Hem.,   42.     Lep.,   137.  Chrysomcla    (see  Philadelphia.^ 

Utah :     Dip.,   75.  Chrysomelidae    142 

Virginia:      Col.,    115.     Dip.,   176.  Coccinellidae     142 

Washington :     Hem.,  303.  confitsits,   Ilybius 283 

cortiphagus,     Roinalcniii.  .  .         116 

Africa:     Orth.,   149.  r      '      *     ,  , 

Lorylophodes    (sec    navo-ocel- 
Australia:     Hym.,    18. 

Canada:       Col.,     177,    285.      Dip., 

_.  cnbratus,    Micralcinus lov 

46,    73.     Hem.,   314.      Lep.,    134, 

_,_  C  ycloccphala    (see   robusta) 

^       ',    A  /-  i     1 -in'    •3A'-  cylindricum*,  Komalcum 116 

Central   America :      Col.,    149,   300.  „„,, 

,-,.       ~Q  discedens,    llybius ZoJ 

dmicani*,    E  lap  hid  ion..  117 

Hawaii:      Hym.,    18. 

Philippine   Islands:      Hym.,   19.  Dytisc.dac    

South  America:     Col.,   300.     Dip:,  Elaplntlion    (see  dmicam) 

72.     Lep.,  170.  Elateridae    140 

West  Indies :     Lep.,  97.  Eitplialcpsus    (see  panamensisi 


INDEX 


337 


ntgipcs,  globipcnnis,  humer- 

alis) 

fenes tralis,    Ilybius 283 

flavo-occllus*,    Corylophodcs..    139 

fratcrcuhis,  Ilybius 283 

globipennis,    EuphalepsiAS 153 

Haltica    (see  hidoviciana) 

hcrculcs,    Scat-abacus 300 

hirtus,    Metopiellus 152 

liuincralis,     Euphalepsus 153 

if/nams,    Ilybiits 283 

Ilybius.    Key   to 281 

invcrsus,    Ilybius 282 

jiinipcri*.   Paria 143 

kahnbuchi*.  Micralcinus  (ill.)  169 
Kansas,  Coleopterist  in  the 

University  of 315 

luramacus,    Ilybius 283 

Light-attracted  beetles  (ill.)..  165 
ludoviciana,  Haltica  (ill.)....  168 
Mclanotus  (see  simidans,  ob- 

scuratus,  piccatus) 
Metopiellus    (see    hirtus) 
Micralcinus,  Key  to 169 

(see    also    cribratus,    kalm- 

bachi) 

Xccrop/iorus  (see  tomentosus) 
nigricollis,    Ochrosidia    (ill.)..    167 

oblitus,  Ilybius 283 

obsciiralus*,   Mclanotus 141 

Ochrosidia    (see  nigricollis) 

ncuhitus,    flints 301 

Orthoperidae     139 

Orthoperus    (see  aeneocollis) 
paiuuncnsis*,    Euphalepsus....    152 
Paria  (see  junipcri) 
Pederasty  in  Scarabaeidae. . .  .   216 

pcllio*,   Scymnus 142 

philadelphica,    Chrysomcla. . . .  301 
Philcurus    (see  valfiits) 
Physocnemum    (see  aiidrcac) 

piccatus*,    Mclanotus 141 

pisorwm,    Bt\uchus 301 

plcuriticus,    Ilybius 282 

Pselaphidae    149 


psittacinus,     Artipus 99 

quadrimaculatus,   Ilybius 282 

nihiistn,     Cycloccphahi 166 

l\<-ma!cu>n      (see      cortiphaiius, 

cyliniiriciini ) 

riii/ipi's,    l:.:tphitlcpsus 152 

S;i.sk;tti-lii'\van,     Coleoptera     of 

North    177 

Scarabaeidae   21 1> 

Scarabacus    (see  hcrculcs) 

sclwcffcri*.    Aphthona U4 

Scy in nus    (see  pcllio) 
Silplia    (see  amcricana) 

Silphidae    39 

simulans*,  Mclanotus    140 

striatii,     Hitprcstis 115 

sitbaciicns.    flyhius 282 

toincntosiis.   Nccropliorus    ....  39 

•I'lili/us,    Philcurus    301 

DIPTERA 

amcricana*,  baunia    (ill.)    ....  176 

Anthomyiidae    176 

C  alliphora  vomitoria,  Eggs  of  286 

caudalum,  Copcstylum    45 

caiidatns.   I'silopus   (ill.)    74 

Cliiromyia   (see  oppidana) 

Chironomidae    70 

cockcrclli*.  Psilopus   73 

Conopidae    235 

Conops   (see  liiinrra) 

Copestylum,  Key  to 43 

Diaphania 1 59 

d'uiun-phus.   Slcno.rciiits    70 

difcs,  Fcrnandca    154 

Dolichopodidae    53,  72 

cstcbanu.   J'oliicclln   44 

!:annia    (see  amcricana) 

fax,  J'i'lucclla  44 

I;crdinandca    (see  dives) 

flariplura*,  Mcsni/raiiuna   (ill.)  239 

fuh'its*.  Stcno.rcnus    70 

///•(/( •nichcri*.  f'sib'pus   (ill.)...  73 

Half-larvae  of    flies    286 

inops,   Tolucclla    44 


338 


INDEX 


johnsoni,  Stenoxenus   70 

jucundus*,  Nematoproctus   ...  53 

lent  urn,  Copestylum  44 

Ligaturing  eggs  for  half -larvae  286 

limbipcnnis,  Copestylum    44 

limiiva*,  Conops 235 

lucasana,  Volucella  44 

maculipleura* ,  Tipula  182 

marginata,  Mcsogramma 155 

marginata,  VolnceUa 44 

marginatum,  Copestylum  44 

Mcsogramma  (see  polita,  mar- 
ginata, flaviplura) 
Musca  (see  oppidana,  Chiromyia) 

Muscidae    286 

Nematoproctus    (see  vcnustus, 

term  inalis,  juoundus) 
Neophyto    (see  olmaba) 

olmaba*,  Ncophyto   235 

oppidana,  Chiromyia 79 

osccola*,  Tipula   181 

o.vytona*,  Tipula   183 

parvicauda*,   Psilopus    72 

parvum,  Copestylum  44 

polita.  Me  so  gramma  155 

Prodiaphania* 159 

P  silo  pus  (see  paruicauda,  grae- 
nicheri,  cocker  ell  i,  caudatus, 
smaragduhis) 

ribcsii.  Syr  pints   154 

simile,  Copestylum 44 

smaragduhis,  Psilopus  76 

sodonis,  Volucella   44 

Stenoxenus  (see  fitlvus,  john- 
soni, dimorphus) 

synchroa*,   Tipula    183 

Syrphidae  43,  239 

SyrpJnts   (see  ribcsii) 

Tachinidae  235 

tcrminalis,  Nematoproctus    ...  53 

tcstacca,  Diaphania    159 

Tipula  (see  osccola,  macnli- 
pleuni,  synchroa,  o.i-ytona) 

Tipulidae    181 

toltcc,  Volucella 44 


rcnustus,  Ncmatoprochts  ....  53 

vasiculosa,  Volucella  154 

Volucella  (see  inops,  lucasana. 

marginata,  estebana,  sodonis, 

fa.v,  toltcc,  z'csiculosa) 

HEMIPTERA 

Acctropis   (see  americana) 

albipcnnis,  Scutcllera    42 

aldipcnnis,  Sc-n 'tell era  42 

albipennis,   Thyreocoris   40 

americana*,  Acctropis   206 

Anchi-strotus,  Type  of   15 

(see  also  obcsus) 

andreac,  Dysdercns 301 

Archasia,  Type  of    16 

arcitatus*,    Orcctodcrus    302 

atrata,  Mcmbracis   17 

bcisckii,  Combophora 14 

bimaculata,  Mcmbracis 16 

cacti,  Cocc'us  301 

Centrotiis    (see    horridus,    tri- 

fidiis,  spinosus) 

ccrvns,  Hcmiptyclia    16 

Cicada    (see  foliata) 

Coccus   (see  cacti) 

Combophora,  Type  of    14 

(see   also   bcsckii) 
Coqitillettia  (see  jcssiana,  lati- 

ccps,  floridana) 
Corimclacna   (see  sayi) 

Cydnidae    40 

Cydnoidcs    (see  albipcnnis,  rc- 

normata) 
Daccrla,  Key  to   species    315 

(see  also  doit'iicsi.  fonnicina. 

in  flat  a) 

dozwicsi*,  Daccrla   314 

Dysdcrctts    (see   andreac) 

Enchotypa    15 

fainmiirci.  Hoplophora    15 

floridana*,    Coquillettia    mimc- 

tica 304 

floridanus*,   Scricophancs    ....   305 
foliata,  Cicada    17 


I\DEX 


339 


formicina,  Daccrla    315 

gal  eat  a,  Mcmbracis  16 

Gclastrophora    16 

yratiadcnsis,  Hoplophora  IS 

Hcmikyptha*     16 

Hemiptycha,  Type  of    16 

(see  also  ccrvus) 

Hoplophora   15 

(see  also  granadcnsis,  fair- 

mairei) 

Hoplophorion,  Type  of  15 

horridus,    Ccntrotus    14 

Hypsclotropis,  Type  of    16 

in-flat  a,  Daccrla    315 

jcssiana*,  Coquillcttia 303 

laticcps*.  Coquillcttia  iniinctica  305 

Membracidae    14 

Membracis,  Type  of   17 

(see  also  sagittata,   trianyu- 

litin,    punctata,   spinosus,   bi- 

maculata,     galcata,     obtccta, 

at  rat  a) 

Mimetic  Miridae   302 

Miridae    206,    302,  314 

Mulatto-bug     (see     Cydnoides 

albipcnnis) 

nicholi*,  Rcnodaclla    307 

obcsus,  Anchistrotus    15 

obtecta,  Membracis  16 

Orectoderus    (see  arcuatns) 
Platycotis   (see  vittata) 

Potnia,  Type   of    15 

punctata,   Mcmbracis    16 

Rcnodaclla*     306 

rcnormata,  Cydnoides  42 

sagittata,  Mcmbracis 15 

sayi,  Coriniclaena 41 

Scutcllcra    (see  albipennis) 
Scricopliancs  (see  floridanns) 

spinosus,  Ccntrotus  16 

spinosus,  Mcmbracis 16 

Stalotypa*   15 

Thclia,  Type  of   16 

Thyrcocorls  (see  albipcnnis} 

trianguhim,  Mcmbracis   . .  15 


trifidus,  Centrotus  14 

Types  of  genera  of   Membra- 
cidae      14 

( 'mbtniia.  Type  of   16 

t'ittata,  rintycolis  15 

HYMENOPTERA 

afra,  Coclio.vys 233 

din  eric  ana,    Mynnccina    yraini- 

nicnla    313 

Annotated    list   of   ants,   Addi- 
tional    308 

.1  panicles    (see  cassianus} 

Apoidea    17 

appendigaster,  Evania    301 

Argyroselenis   (see  minima) 

atrh-cntris,  Elis    237 

bcrlyi*,  Elis   238 

Biology  of  Coclio.rys   231 

Brachymyrmex  (see  nanellus) 

brcris,  Meyachile 19 

Camponotus    (see   cucinidatns) 

carinatus,  Hcriadcs 297 

caroliniana,  Elis  237 

cassianus,  Apantclcs   100 

Cerceridae   238 

Cerccris   (see  natallcnus) 
cucinidatns,    Camponotus    car- 
vac  discolor  313 

Coclio.rys,  Biology  of    231 

conica,    Coclio.rys    232 

Cronatoyastcr   (see  p-unctulata) 

dcntiyula*,  Phcidolc   310 

Elis,    Key    to    North    Carolina 

species 236 

(see   also   propodcalis,   caro- 
liniana,  floridanus,    tjuinquc- 
cincta,    bcrlyi,    obscura,     in- 
tcrrupta,  atrircntris) 
Urania    (see  appendigaster) 

floridanns,     Elis 237 

Formicidae     308 

fort  is,   Meijachile 19 

Fossil    bees 18 

hacker i,   Megachilc 18 


340 


INDEX 


Hackeriapis  18 

Hcriadcs  carinatus,  Parasite  of  297 

inexorata,    Poncra 309 

intcrrupta,    Elis 237 

Lasius    (see   nconiger) 

louisianae,  Strumigenys 309 

lucrosa,     Coclinxys 233 

Megachile  (see  subexilis,  pcri- 
liirla,  montivaga,  hackeri, 
rhoditra,  mystacea,  ^tstulata, 
sclmninslandi,  orthostoma, 
perhrct'is,  brcris,  fortis,  vcs- 
tali,  wootoni) 

Megachilidae    231,  297 

minima.  Argyrosclcnis 233 

modest  a.   Coclioxys 233 

moercns,  -Solcnopsis    picta ....  309 

montivaga,    Megachile.  A 17 

Myrmecina   (see  americana) 

inystacca,    Megachile 18 

nancllus,    Brachymynnc.r 313 

imtitllcnits*,     Ccrccris 238 

in  onigcr,  Lasius  niger 313 

obscura,    Elis 237 

opuciccps,    Poncra 308 

orthostoma,    Megachile 19 

pan-ula.     Prcnolcpis 313 

pcrbrei'is,    Megachile 19 

perihirta,  Megachile 17 

pcrmacula-ta,  Stelis 297 

Phcidole    (see   dentignla) 
Ponera    (see   opaciccps,  inexo- 
rata) 
Prenolepis    (see   parvnla) 

propodcalis,    Elis 236 

pnnctulata,  Crematogaster  opa- 

ca     310 

quadridcntata,   Coelio.rys 232 

quadrinotata,     Coelio.vys 234 

quinquccincta,    Elis 237 

Resin  working  bee 17 

rhodura,    Megachile 18 

ribis,    Coclio.rys 233 

rufescens,    Coclioxys 231 

rufitarsis,    Coelioxys 233 


schauinslandi,     Megachile  .....      18 

Scoliidae    ....................   236 

Solcnopsis    (see   moercns) 
Stelididae     ..................  297 

Stelis  permaculata,  a   parasite  297 
Strumigenys    (see  loitisianae) 
sitbe.i'ilis,  Megachile  ...........      17 

tc.rana,    Coclioxys  ............   275 

itstiilata.     Megachile  ...........     18 

I'cstali,   Megachile  ............     19 

icootoni,    Megachile  ...........     19 

LEPIDOPTERA 

Aberrations   and   their    classifi- 

cation    (ill.)  ...............    129 

ajax,    Papilio  .................   301 

americanus*,    Danaiis    menippe 

(ill.)    .....................    137 

brnweri*,  Papilio   marcelhts    .  .   269 
Butterfly  show,  Los  Angeles..    184 
Callosamia    (see   promethea) 
castalia,    Kricogonia  ...........     97 

cecropia,    Sainia  ..............      11 

Cocoons    of     Saturnidae,    Od- 

dities   in  ...................      11 

Collecting  experiences  in  Noc- 

tuidae    ....................   214 

cohtmlnana*.   Papilio  eurymed- 

011   albanns    (ill.)  ...........   267 

Cynthia   (see  simmsi) 
Danaus    (see    americanus.  _   ni- 


dictzi*,  Papilio  glaitcus  titrnus 

(ill.)  266 

Dionc    (see  fumosus) 
dodgci*,       Euptoicta       claitdia 

(ill.)      ....................   135 

cdivardsi*.      Phyciodes      oreis 

(ill.)     ......  "  ..............  135 

Erebus    (see  odora) 
Buphydras       (see       malcolmi, 

Iciisslcri) 

Euptoicta    (see   dodgei) 
Exhibition  of   Lepidoptera.  .  .  .   285 
fannyae*,  Papilio  rutulus  (ill.)   267 


INDEX 


341 


fruhstorferi,     Morpho 173 

fuh'ida,    Rusicada 320 

fitmosus*,    Dlonc    -runUlae    in- 

stilaris   (ill.) 137 

gerhardi*,  Papilio  (/laitc'iss  tur- 

HHS     (ill.) 266 

Hesperiidae      51 

Holcocera   (see  phenacocci) 
Holcocera  predaccous  on 

mealybugs     118 

iiii/lnnni*.  Papilio  philcnor  liir- 

suta    (ill.) 268 

Junonia    (see  wiUiclmi) 

koebelci*,  Lemon  ins  alma  (ill.)    136 

Kricogonia    (see    cast  a  Ha,    ly- 

side) 

Laspeyresia   (see  molesta) 
Lemonias  (see  kocbclei) 
leussleri*.    Euphydryas    berna- 

detta    (ill.)    136 

Lycaena    (see   vanditzeci) 

lysidc,   Kricogonia    98 

male ol mi*.    Lnphy/lras    clialcc- 

dona  olancha  (ill.)    134 

molesta,    Laspeyresia 153 

monuste,    Pieris 98 

mnnuste,   Pieris   phileta    (with 

caterpillar     head) 95 

Morpho    (see  fruhstorferi) 
nivosus*,       Danaus       mcnippe 

(ill.)      138 

Noctuidae     214,  215 

occidentalis,  Urbanus  tessellata 

(ill.)    51 

odora,    Erebus 10 

Oriental     moth     (see     fulvida. 

Rusicada) 
Papaipema  speciosissima,  New 

form  of 215 

Papilio     (see    dictzi,    gerhardi, 

fannyae,     columbiana,     ing- 

hami,   browcri,  ajax) 

phenacocci*,   Holcocera 118 

Phyciodcs   (see  edwardsi) 
Pieridae    .  97 


Pieris    (see   iiioiutstel 

pnlypliciiiits,     Tclca  ............      13 

prontethea,  Callosamia  .......     12 

rei/tilis*,   Papaipema   speciosis- 

siuitt     ......................    216 

h'lisicntla    (see   fitlz'idn) 

Sainia    (see  cecropia) 

Saturnidae    ..................      11 

sinnnsi*,    Cynthia     riryiiiiensis 

(ill.)    .....................    133 

skiniti'ri*.     Urhanns     Icssellntti 

var.  occidentalis   (  ill.  )  ......     51 

'/>/<•((   (  see  polyphemus  ) 
Transition  forms   (ill.)  .......   2o3 

Transition      forms     and     their 

classification     (ill.)  .........   129 

('rlminis     (see    skinneri,    occi- 

dentalis) 
1'andiizcci*.      Lycaena       cditha 

(ill.)      ....................   133 

i*.  Junonia  coenia  (ill.)    134 


NEUROPTERA 

Clirysopa    (see  nigricornis,  ru- 
filabris,    quadripunctata,    in- 
terniptu  ) 
intcrruptti,     Clirysopa  ..........    155 

iiii/ric/>rnis,     Chrysopa  ........    155 

quadripunctata,   Chrysopa  .....   155 

rufilabris,    Clirysopa  ...........    155 

ODONATA 

*-lna.\-   (see  junius) 
Anomalagrion    (see  hastatum't 
apiealis,   Argia  ................    102 

Argia  (see  apiealis,  sedula,  tib- 

ia I  is) 
aitripennis,     Lihellula  .........    114 

a.rillena.      l.ihcllula  ............    114 

Rrachymesia    (see  grai'ida) 

Celitheinis    (see    eponina} 

(•/•.-'//(',   l-jiiilldi/nni  .............    102 

cyattea,    Libellula  ..............   114 

deplan,il,i.     iM'ellnla  ..........    114 

domitia,    Perithemis  ..........   104 


342 


INDEX 


Dragonflies,    Louisiana    100 

Enallagma)    (see   civile,   cxsul- 

ans,  (/cinitiatuiii,  signatum) 
Epicordulia    (see   princeps) 

cponiiia,     Cclithcinis 105 

Erythcmis  (see  simplicicollis) 

c.rsiihiiis,    Enallagma 103 

exusta,    Libcllula 114 

flai'csccns,    Pantala 105 

flaz'ida,   Libcllula 114 

forcnsis,   Libcllula 115 

geminatum,    Enallagma 103 

gravida,  Brachymcsia  105 

hastatum,  Anomalagrion 103 

Hctacrina    (see   titia) 

Iiyincnaca,    Pantala 105 

incesta,  Libcllula 104 

inccsta.  Nymph  of  Libcllula..    113 
Ischnura      (see     posita,     ram- 
Hurii) 

julia,   Libcllula 114 

junius,  Ana.r 103 

laccrata,   Tratnca 105 

Libellula,  Key  to  nymphs....  113 
(see  also  iiicesta,  exusta, 
julia,  dcplanata,  lydia,  sat- 
urata,  cyanca,  luctuosa, 
flavida,  a.rillcna,  auripen- 
nis.  forcnsis,  quadrimacu- 
lata,  pulchclla,  znbrans) 

longipcnnis,    Pachydiplax 105 

luctuosa,   Libcllula    114 

lydia,    Libcllula 114 

lydia,    Plathcmis 104 

Macromia    (see    tacniolata) 
Nasiacschna  (see  pentacantha) 

onusta,    Tramca 105 

Pachydiplax    (see  longipcnnis) 
Pantala     (see    flarcsccns,    hy- 
mcnaca) 

pentacantha,   Nasiacschna 103 

Perithcmis  (see  domitia) 
Plathcmis  (see  lydia) 

posita,  Ischnura 103 

princeps,   Epicordulia 104 


pulchclla,   Libcllula 115 

(jiiadrimaculata,    Libcllula 115 

ramburii,    Ischnura 103 

saturata,  Libcllula 114 

scditla,    Argia 102 

signahuni,    Enallagma 103 

simplicicollis,  Erythcmis 104 

tacniolata,  Macromia   103 

tibialis,  Aryia 102 

titia,    Hetacrina 102 

Trainca    (see  laccrata,  onusta) 

I'ibrans,    Libcllula 104 

ORTHOPTERA 

amcricana,  Periplaneta 301 

assimilis,    Gryllus 4,     33 

(iiiricitlaria,   Forficula 272 

Blatta    (see   molcndinaria) 

Chclisocliidac    148 

Cricket,     Black     (see     Gryllus 
assimilis) 

Earwig,   Habits  of 272 

Enkratcs,  New  name  for 148 

Euenkrates*    148 

Food  of  Gryllus  assimilis 4 

Forficulidae     272 

Forficula    (see   auricularia) 

i/ryllotalpa,    Gryllus 301 

(iryllns  (see  gryllotalpa,  assim- 
ilis) 

Habits   of    earwigs 272 

molendinaria,     Blatta 301 

Periplaneta    (see    amcricana) 
varlcgahnn,  Enkrates 149 

THYSANOPTERA 

adirondacks,  Cryptothrips 112 

Anthothrips    (see  dosieri) 

aspersus,   Leptothrips 112 

cassiae,  Haplothrips 112 

catchingsi,     Chirothrips     flori- 

d en-sis    H2 

Chirothrips   (see  catchingsi) 
cocois,    Hindsiana 112 


INDEX 


343 


Cryptothrips  (see  adirondacks, 

pint) 
Dictyothrips   (see  floridcnsis) 

dozieri,  Anthothrips 112 

drakel,   Trichothrips 113 

floridensis,    Dictyothrips 112 

floridcnsis,    Phlocothrips 113 

fuscus,    Idolothrips 113 

Haplothrips  (see  rabuni,  quer- 

ci,  cassiac,  harnedi,  oneco) 

harnedi,    Haplothrips 112 

Hindsiana  (see  cocois) 
Idolothrips  (see  fuscus) 

impar,     Thrips 278 

Karynia   (see  weigeli) 
Lcptothrips       (see       aspersus, 

macro-ocellatus) 

Icucus*,  Microthrips   (ill.) 278 

macro -ocellatus,   Lcptothrips..   112 


Microthrips     (see    Icucus,    pi- 
er ci) 

Ncocurhynclwthrips    113 

oneco,    Haplothrips 112 

owreyi,   Scirtothrips 112 

Phlocothrips  (see  floridensis) 

picrccl,  Microthrips    280 

pin!,    Cryptothrips 112 

qucrci,  Haplothrips 112 

rabuni,    Haplothrips 112 

salicis,    Trichothrips 113 

Scirtothrips    (see  oivrcyi) 
Trichothrips    (see  salicis,  dra- 

kci) 
Thrips   (see  vcratri,  impar) 

I'cratri*,   Thrips   (ill.) 276 

zcciyeli,    Karynia 112 

wyomingensis,  Zygothrips 112 

Zygothrips     (see    wyomingen- 
sis) 


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