Skip to main content

Full text of "Entomological news"

See other formats 


..•**v. 

„.(>"" 


f 


T  I 


T«l  f~  T  1  f 


i! 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

VOLUME   XLII,   1931 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 


29658J 

\* 

OM-.;   ' 


PHILIP  P.   CALVERT,  PH.   D.,   EDITOR 

ASSOCIATE    EDITORS  : 
E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR.  R.  G.  SCHMIEDER,  PH.  D. 


ADVISORY   COMMITTEE  : 

PHILIP  LAURENT  J.  A.  G.  REHN 

CHARLES  LIEBECK  JOHN  C.  LUTZ 

J.  CHESTER  BRADLEY,  PH.  D.  MAX  KISLIUK,  JR. 

FRANK  MORTON  JONES  \\".M.  W.  CHAPMAN 


PUBLISHED  BY 
THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.: 

THE  ACADEMY   OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES 
LOGAN  SQUARE 

1931 


/^ 


The  several  numbers  of  the  NEWS  for  1931  were   mailed  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  as  follows: 

No.  1— January January  13,  1931 

"  2— February January  29 

"  3— March  .March  6 

"  4— April April  1 

"  5— May  April  30 

"  6— June June  3 

"  7— July July  2 

"  8— October October  5 

"  9 — November Novembers 

The  date  of  mailing  the  December,  1931,  number  will  be  announced 
on  the  last  page  of  the  issue  for  January,  1932. 


Subscriptions  for  1931  are  now  payable. 

JANUARY,  1931 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLII 


No.  1 


HKNRY  SKINNEK 
1861-1926 


CONTENTS 

Macy — A  New  Oregon  Butterfly  (Lepid.  Lycaenidae )..  .    .  1 

Rodeck — Unusual  Numbers  of  Diapheromera  veliei  Walsh  (Orthoptera: 

Phasmidae) 

Cresson— Notes  on  the  Abstersa-Group  of  the  Genus  Tephritis,  and  a 

Description  of  a  New  Species  from  California  (Dipt.  :  Trypetiihc 

Barber — Change  of  Address 

Cole — Typha  Insects  and  their  Parasites 

Leussler — A  New  Melitaea  from  Oregon  (Lep.  Nymphalidae) .  11' 

Payne— Food   Requirements    for   the    Pupation   of    Two   Coleopterous 

Larvae,  Synchroa  punctata  Newm.  and  Dendroides  canadensis 

Lee.  (Melandryidae,  Pvrocl>  13 

O'Byrne — A  Recent  Occurrence  of  Catopsilia  philea  Joh.  in  Missouri 

(Lepid.  Pieridae) 

Smith— An  Additional  Annotated  List  of  the  Ants  of  Mississippi  <  Ilyni. : 

Formicoidea) 

Rau— The  Night  Flight  of  Diurnal  Butterflies  (Lepid.).. 

Adams  Collection  of  Diptera 

Reinhard— A  New-  Species  of  Two-winged   Fly  belonging  to  tl' 

Acronarista  (Diptera:   Tachinidae) 

Marston — Dynastes  tityus  Linn,  in  Delaware  (Coleop.: 
Wiesmann— The  Composition  of  the  Head  of  Insects. 
Additions  to  the  Index  to  Vol.  \L1,  1930..  .    . 
Entomological  Literature 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 
Logan   Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 
Act  of  October  3.  iqiy.  authorized  January  15, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 

Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors ;   John   C.   Lutz,   Business   Manager. 
Advisory   Committee :     Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G  Rehn,   Chas.   Liebeck,  J. 

Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 

Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions         .         .       $3.00 
Canada,  Central  and  South  America       .         3.15 
Foreign         .......         3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in..  $  1.20.  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  8.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  70.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of   reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  the  numbers  will  be  furnished  only  at  the  regular  rate  for  single 
copies.  Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted ;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 

Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies.  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numbers 
of  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL    XLII. 


Plate  I. 


PLEBEJUS     MARICOPA    FENDERI.-MACY. 


^ENTOMOLOGICAL  N E WS 

VOL.  XLII.  JANUARY,   1931  No.  1 

A  New  Oregon  Butterfly  (Lepid.  Lycaenidae). 

RALPH  W.  MACY,  University  of  .Minnesota,  Minneapolis. 

(Plate  I). 

For  several  seasons  the  writer  has  noted  a  small  colony  of 
large  Blues  flying  about  an  isolated  patch  of  Lnpiinis  on  a  hill- 
side six  miles  south-west  of  McMinnville,  Oregon.  These  but- 
terflies apparently  are  of  a  new  race  so  I  shall  name  it  for 
my  good  friend,  Mr.  K.  P.  Fender,  an  enthusiastic  collector. 
Plebejus  maricopa  fenderi,  f.  n. 

$.  Under  surface:  Primaries.  Uniform  bluish-gray  with  a 
very  slightly  heavier  powdering  of  blue  in  the  basal  area.  A 
semi-lunate  black  spot  occurs  at  the  apex  of  the  discal  cell.  In 
the  limbal  area  other  black  spots  form  two  crescent-shaped  rows 
of  which  the  outer  is  much  the  less  distinct — even  nearly  absent 
in  one  case.  One  each,  of  the  spots  of  the  inner  row,  occurs 
between  the  veins  R4+5  and  MI,  MI  and  M-.  M-  and  M::,  Al- 
and Ctii,  and  Cui  and  Ciii>.  Two  smaller  spots  occur  between 
Cuo  and  2nd  A.  Of  the  spots  of  the  outer  row.  one  each 
occurs  between  the  same  veins  except  that  there  is  only  one 
between  Cu^  and  2nd  A,  and  none  between  R4+r,  and  MI. 

Secondaries.  Ground  color  same  as  that  of  the  primaries 
except  that  the  basal  area  is  much  more  heavily  sprinkled  with 
blue.  There  is  a  continuation  of  the  two  rows  of  spots  of  the 
primaries,  with  spots  located  as  follows :  Inner  row  :  one  each 
between  veins  Sc  +  RI  and  R»,  R*  and  M1(  MI  and  M-,  M- 
and  M:;,  M:!  and  Ciii,  Cu\  and  Cu-,  and  two  smaller  ones  be- 
tween CuL.  and  2nd  A.  (  hiter  ro\v:  OIK-  each  between  Sc  |-  K  i 
and  Rs,  R.  and  M,,  M,  and  ML.,  M^  and  M:;.  M:,  and  Cn,. 
Cui  and  Cu2,  and  CuL.  and  2nd  A.  In  addition,  there  is  an 
indistinct  spot  near  the  base  of  cell  RI.  The  semi-Innate  spot 
at  the  apex  of  the  discal  cell  is  much  less  distinct  than  it  is  in 
the  front  wing. 

1 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,   '31 

Upper  Surface.  Blue,  shading  into  a  broad,  dark -gray  mar- 
ginal border.  The  blue  scales  tend  to  be  scattering. 

$  .     Under  Surface  :    Primaries.    The  markings  are  the  same 
as  in  the  male  except  slightly  heavier. 

Secondaries.  Light  creamy-tan.  All  of  the  spots  are  much 
heavier  but  are  arranged  as  in  the  male,  with  these  exceptions  : 
the  two  spots  of  the  inner  row  between  Cu^  and  2nd  A  are 
fused,  and  there  is  a  distinct  dark  spot  in  the  basal  area  be- 
tween veins  2nd  A  and  3rd  A. 

Upper  Surface:  Bronze,  shading  into  a  dark-gray  border 
on  the  outer  margin.  A  fairly  distinct  semi-lunate  spot  occurs 
at  the  apex  of  the  discal  cell  of  the  fore  wing. 

Both  sexes  have  a  fine  black  line  extending  along  the  edges 
of  the  outer  margins  of  the  hind  wings,  and  there  is  a  white 
fringe  on  both  wings. 

Expanse:  males,  31mm.;  females,  31  to  33mm. 

Type :  9  ,  Plate  I,  fig.  2.  Allotype :  $  ,  fig.  3.  Paratypcs : 
1  $  ,  1  $  ,  fig.  1.  All  taken  by  the  author  at  a  location  six  miles 
S.E.  of  McMinnville,  OREGON,  May  25,  1929,  and  are  now  in 
his  collection. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  I. 

Plebejus  maricopa  fenderi,  f.  n. 

Fig.   1. — Paratype.     Female,  upper  surface. 
Fig.  2. — Type.     Female,  under  surface. 
Fig.  3. — Allotype.     Male,  upper  surface. 


Unusual   Numbers  of  Diapheromera  veliei  Walsh   (Orth. : 

Phasmidae). 

The  prairie  walking  stick,  Diapheromera  vclici  Walsh,  was 
found  in  almost  incredible  numbers  on  July  25,  1930,  in  the 
sandhill  region  just  north  of  Hardin,  Colorado.  The  vege- 
tation was  literally  covered  with  them  and  they  were  also  num- 
erous on  the  ground.  From  one  clump  of  red  top  grass  about 
twelve  inches  in  diameter  the  writer  picked  nine  individuals, 
five  of  which  were  females  and  four  males.  Over  the  entire 
area  the  males  and  females  seemed  to  be  in  approximately 
equal  numbers.  Many  were  copulating.  The  insects  were  ob- 
served to  cover  an  area  of  nearly  a  mile  square  and  probably 
could  have  been  found  in  these  numbers  over  a  much  larger 
area. 

HUGO  G.  RODECK,  University  of  Colorado,  Boulder,  Col. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Notes  on  the  Abstersa-Group  of  the  Genus  Tephritis, 

and  a  Description  of  a  New  Species  from 

California  ( Diptera :  Trypetidae). 

By  EZRA  T.  CRESSDX,  JR. 

In  determining  some  material  submitted  by  Mr.  K.  L.  \Yolff 
of  the  California  Horticultural  Commission,  collected  by  him 
and  his  associates  in  their  work  on  the  insects  of  the  cocklelmrr. 
Xanthhun  canadcnsis,  two  interesting  species  of  this  genus  \\ 
encountered.  One  of  these  proved  to  be  a  specie  described 
from  California  in  1868,  but  has  since  been  considered  a  syno- 
nym  of  a  well-known  eastern  species.  The  other  is  here-  de- 
scribed as  new. 

TEPHRITIS  ABSTERSA   (Loew) 
1862.   Trypcta   ctbstersa    Loew,    Berl.    Ent.    Zeit.,    vi,    p. 

(Cent.,  II,  77.) 

1873.   Trypcta  abstcrsa  Loew,  Mon.  Dipt.  No,  Am.,  iii.  p.  . 
pi.  11,  fig.  7.     (Urellia.) 

This  species  is  typical  of  a  group  in  the  genus  Tcplintis, 
particularly  characteristic  in  having  the  radiation  of  the  in- 
fuscated  area  of  the  wings  producing  two  hyaline  costal  wedges 
in  the  marginal  cell,  two  in  the  apex  of  submarginal  cell.  one 
in  apex  of  first  posterior  and  three  in  the  second  posterior  cells  ; 
a  small  drop  in  the  apex  of  the  marginal  cell  is  also  character- 
istic and  appears  to  be  constant,  as  I  have  no  records  of  its 
absence.  The  ray  to  the  almost  hyaline  stigma  is  narrow  and 
extends  from  the  anterior  crossvein  to  the  tip  of  the  lir>t  vein  : 
the  inferior  basal  portion'^of  the  wing>  i>  more  or  less  distinctly 
maculated. 

This  species  was  originally  described  from  "Anier.  boreal.". 
probably  from  Eastern  United  States.  It  is  entirely  yellow  with 
some  infuscation  on  the  thorax  and  apical  portions  of  ibe  abdo- 
minal segments;  the  third  antennal  segment  in  both  sexes  i- 
yellow,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  rounded  apicalK  :  tin-  tat 
scarcely  longer  than  broad,  and  the  nie-onotum  i>  M-arcely  darker 
than  the  humeri.  The  wing  i>  we'll  figured  by  Loew. 

Ju   his  redcscription  of   this   species   in    1S~.\    Loew   included 


4  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,   '31 

material  from  Cuba  which  he  supposed  to  be  the  same  species, 
but  it  is  probable  that  this  was  not  the  case.  He  states  that 
"they  are  somewhat  smaller,  have  a  more  extended  blackish 
coloring,  and  the  incomplete  gray  reticulation  of  the  proximal 
half  of  the  wing  is  considerably  darker  towards  the  posterior 
margin." 

Of  this  species  I  have  seen  material  from:  Swarthmore, 
Pennsylvania,  August  5,  1906  [!<?];  Manahawkin,  New  Jersey, 
September  5,  [1  $  ]  ;  Riverton,  New  Jersey,  July  18,  [1  $  ]. 

TEPHRITIS  ACUTANGULA   (Thomson) 

1868.   Trypcta    acutangula    Thomson,    Eugenics    Reise,    Dipt., 

p.  583. 
1890.  Euarcsta  abstcrsa  Coquillett,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  vii, 

p.  265  [not  Loew]. 
1907.  Euarcsta  abstcrsa  Cresson,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxxiii, 

p.  106  [not.  Loew]. 

Coquillett  considered  this  species  synonymous  with  abstcrsa, 
with  which  treatment  I  do  not  concur  although  it  is  not  improb- 
able that  it  may  prove  to  be  a  subspecies  or  a  variety.  It  is  a 
darker  species  with  very  little  yellow  on  the  body,  and  may  be 
described  as  follows : 

Black ;  head  except  occiput  and  sometimes  third  antennal  seg- 
ment, humeri,  scutellum  apically,  halteres,  squamae,  and  legs, 
yellow.  Basal  portion  of  the  arista  also  pale.  In  the  darker 
forms  the  bristles  of  the  head  (except  postorbital  cilia),  of 
mesonotum,  humeri,  notopleura,  and  scutellum,  are  black;  all 
pile  and  other  bristles  are  white,  although  some  flexor  bristles 
of  the  femora  may  be  dark.  Thorax  and  abdomen  densely 
cinereous,  almost  obscuring  the  black  ground  color.  Face  gen- 
erally longer  than  broad,  and  third  antennal  segment  somewhat 
longer  than  broad,  generally  with  an  acute  superior  apical  angle. 

This  form  seems  to  have  quite  an  extensive  range  west  of 
the  Mississippi  River,  from  Dakota  to  Southern  California.  It 
is  noticed  that  the  California  specimens  have  the  third  antennal 
segment  generally  dark,  which  is  not  the  case  with  those  from 
other  localities  I  mention.  Of  this  species  I  have  seen  mate- 
rial from : 

Dakota  :  no  data,   [  1  ?  | . 

Minnesota :  no  data,  [ 1  $  ,  1  $  J . 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Texas:  El  Paso,  April  4-5,   (Viereck  &  Rehn),    [1  <J  ,  29  J. 

Ysleta,  April  2,  (Viereck  &  Rehn),   [  1  $  ,  1  9  ]. 

New  Mexico:  Alamogordo,  April  22  to  June,  (Yiereck  & 
Rehn),  [3  $  ,  2  9  ].  Beulah,  August  17.  (  Skinner),  [\  $  ,  2$  ]. 
Cloudcroft,  May  24,  (Viereck  &  Rehn),  [U  |. 

California:  Beverly  Hills,  September  13,  (J.  C.  Men/.ies), 
[Cal.  Hort.  Comm.,  19].  Claremont,  (Baker),  |19].  Pas- 
adena, April  6-11,  (K.  L.  \YollT),  |Cal.  Hort.  Comm.:  2$, 
2$]. 

Tephritis  wolffi  new  species. 

Identical  with  Trypcta  tcucra  Loew  of  Europe  in  wing  pat- 
tern, but  differing  mostly  in  having  the  third  antennal  segment 
of  the  male  black. 

$  .  Head  quadrate  in  profile,  with  eyes  slightly  vertical. 
Cheeks  narrow,  scarcely  as  broad  as  third  antennal  segment. 
Frons  slightly  turgid,  prominent  at  antennae ;  parafrons  broad 
with  two  frontorbital  bristles.  Eace  falling  vertically,  with 
epistoma  not  prominent.  Mesofrons  yellow  to  orange;  orbits, 
face,  cheeks  and  occiput  much  paler,  whitish.  Second  antennal 
segment  brown;  third  black,  elongate,  tapering  apically  ;  arista 
with  basal  third  white  and  yellow.  Thorax  black,  densely  ciner- 
eous, with  pale  pubescence  and  hairs.  Scutellum  pale  apically, 
with  four  bristles;  apical  pair  short.  Abdomen  rather  cylindri- 
cal, with  pale  hairs  and  pubescence;  bases  of  the  elongate  sixth 
segment  and  lateral  basal  angles  of  the  others,  dark.  Legs  pale  ; 
fore  femora  noticeably  thickened.  Length,  3  mm. 

9.  Similar,  with  third  antennal  segment  tawny;  ba>es  <>i 
fourth  to  sixth  abdominal  segments  black;  ovipositor  segment 
conical,  turgid  and  polished  black. 

Type. — Male:  Pomona,  California,  (K.  L.  Wolff;  September 
12,  1930),  [A.N.S.P.,  no.  6390].  Paratypes.—Z  $  ,  49  :  topo- 
typical.  \$,  Visalia,  California,  (Culbertson)  ;  [A.  N.  S.  \\\ 

Two  males  in  poor  condition  from  Lemon  Cone,  Tulare 
County,  California,  500  ft.  alt.,  (J.  C.  Bradley;  July  l'-ll, 
1907),  [Cornell],  are  apparently  conspi-cific  with  the  above  type 
series. 

Change  of  Address 

H.  G.  BARBER,  Roselle,  X.  Y..  to  2222  Que  St.,  N.  W., 
Washington,  D.  C. 


6  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,  '31 

Typha  Insects  and  their  Parasites. 

By  A.  C.  COLE,  JR. 
Ohio  State  University,  Columbus. 

Very  little  has  been  written  concerning  the  insect  fauna  in- 
habiting Typha,  or  cat-tails.  The  most  complete  paper  on  the 
subject  is  that  of  Claassen  ( 1921),  in  which  he  lists  the  species 
that  he  found  under  their  respective  orders  and  relates  them, 
either  directly  or  indirectly,  to  their  environment.  Several 
papers  have  been  published  on  the  taxonomy,  morphology,  and 
biology  of  the  species  considered  individually.  In  order  to  con- 
duct an  adequate  survey  of  this  group  of  insects  many  con- 
secutive years  of  study  are  required.  Several  of  these  species 
have  secondary  hosts  and  alternation  of  generations  is  not 
unlikely. 

This  paper  is  merely  a  list  of  the  insect  fauna  of  Typha, 
together  with  habitat  notes  and  a  small  amount  of  life-history 
data  compiled  after  a  four-year  survey  of  the  group.  In  view 
of  the  fact  that  Claassen  discusses  the  biology  of  a  great  many 
of  these  insects,  no  attempt  will  be  made  here  to  consider  this 
phase. 

Several  areas  were  selected  from  each  desirable  locality  in 
which  to  conduct  the  work.  Such  areas  were,  for  the  greater 
part,  typical  of  that  section  of  the  country  in  which  the  insects 
lived.  They  were  as  follows : 

Monroe,  Michigan — The  River  Raisin,  which  flows  through 
the  town,  is  bordered  on  both  of  its  banks  by  large  areas  of 
Typha  latifolia.  This  proved  to  be  an  ideal  collecting  spot  for 
the  year  of  1927.  Due  to  a  flood  in  the  spring  of  1928,  which 
destroyed  a  large  part  of  the  plants  and  killed  most  of  the  in- 
sects, collecting  in  this  region  had  to  be  almost  entirely  aban- 
doned. One  mile  east  of  Monroe  one  finds  the  shores  of  Lake 
Erie  with  its  many  acres  of  swampland.  Such  a  location  was 
especially  well  suited  for  this  work  inasmuch  as  most  of  the 
TypJiac  were  concentrated  in  large  beds  of  pure  stands  of 
Typha  latifolia.  In  the  center  of  a  wood  within  the  town  limits 
is  a  patch  of  Typha  angustifolia  which  netted  several  additional 
insects. 


xlii,  '31  j  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS 

Bolle's  Harbor,  Michigan,  located  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Eric 
and  about  five  miles  southeast  of  Monroe,  made  a  compara- 
tively good  collecting  ground,  although  the  proportion  of  Typha 
to  other  plants  in  the  association  was  not  large.  <  >nly  Typha 
latifolia  was  to  he  found  at  this  location. 

Columbus,  Ohio,  has  a  few  small  patches  of  cat-tail  along 
one  of  its  rivers,  the  ( Mentangy.  These  areas  are  small  and 
somewhat  isolated  from  other  plants  of  the  typical  pond  asso- 
ciation. 

St.  Marys,  Ohio — Along  the  St.  Marys  River  may  be  found 
several  long  areas  of  Typha  latifolia  in  which  one  finds  a  num- 
ber of  insects.  The  river  is  quite  narrow  throughout  the 
length  of  its  course  and  the  collector  may  wade  from  one  bank 
to  the  other. 

Roberts,  Idaho — Five  miles  north  of  this  town  the  author 
collected  a  few  cat-tail  insects  in  a  large  swamp  harboring 
Typha  latifolia  and  Typha  anyustifolia,  in  the  summer  of  1929. 

Bozeman,  Montana --At  approximately  five  miles  north  of 
the  city  of  Bozeman  is  a  patch  of  Typha  latifolia  from  which 
a  few  insects  were  collected  in  the  summer  of  1929. 

Everglades,  Florida — Along  the  Tamiami  Trail  in  southern 
Florida  are  huge  areas  of  Typha  latifolia  and  anyustifolia,  in 
many  cases  intermingled.  Insects  were  collected  from  this 
locality  during  the  winter  of  1930. 

Yankeetown,  Florida,  situated  on  the  Gulf  in  Northwestern 
Florida  has  several  cat-tail  swamps  nearby  from  which  cat- 
tail insects  were  collected  by  the  author  during  the  winter  of 
1930.  The  greater  part  of  the  Typha  at  that  point  belongs 
to  latifolia. 

The  only  plants  taken  into  consideration  in  this  study  were 
the  two  species  of  Typha,  namely,  latifolia  and  anyustifolia. 
By  far  the  greater  portion  of  the  insect  fauna  was  reared  from 
the  former,  this  being  the  commonest  species  and  the  most 
succulent.  In  most  cases  the  two  species  were  found  independ- 
ent of  one  another,  but  in  several  instances  were  intermingled. 

Typha  is  widely  distributed  throughout  the  t'nited  States 
and  is  found  most  abundantly  in  pond  associations.  If  is  often 
the  most  common  vegetation  bordering  inland  lakes,  and  its 


8  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,  '31 

tall,  swaying  leaf-blades  are  not  easily  confused  with  other 
plants. 

The  author  confirms  the  statement  of  Claassen  that  "where 
cat-tails  are  not  so  abundant,  a  higher  percentage  of  infesta- 
tion usually  occurs,  which  renders  it  much  easier  to  obtain 
material". 

Inasmuch  as  Typha  insects  for  the  greater  part  require  moist, 
warm  conditions  for  development,  a  duplication  of  these  factors 
is  essential  for  rearing  the  insects. 

From  this  study  of  cat-tail  insects  many  interesting  points 
have  developed.  For  instance,  in  an  article  published  by  the 
author  in  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  (1930)  the  stable  fly  has  been 
reported  parasitic  on  a  large  Lepidopterous  borer  in  the  stalks 
of  Typha  latifolia.  This  insect  has  rarely  been  recorded  as  a 
parasite.  It  has  been  reported  by  Breakey  in  the  Annals  of 
the  Entomological  Society  of  America  for  1929  as  parasitic  on 
the  iris  borer,  Macronoctua  onusta  Grote. 

Many  Lepidopterous  larvae  found  inhabiting  TypJia  have  been 
confused  with  the  European  corn  borer.  Several  of  these 
larvae  have  been  brought  to  Government  laboratories,  often  by 
irate  farmers  who  report  cat-tail  swamps  as  a  source  of  all 
the  corn  borers  infesting  their  nearby  fields.  The  European 
corn  borer  has  never  been  officially  reported  from  Typha  and 
the  author  has  been  unable  to  rear  this  species  on  any  type  of 
cat-tail.  According  to  experiments  and  observations  by  the 
author  the  larvae  will  not  feed  on  any  part  of  the  plant. 

With  a  very  few  exceptions  cat-tail  insects  seem  to  be  uni- 
versal in  their  distribution.  According  to  the  author's  observa- 
tions the  most  common  insect  inhabiting  Typha  is  Arsilonche 
albovenosa  Goeze.  This  species  has  been  recorded  from  a 
great  many  sections  of  the  United  States  and  from  both  species 
of  Typha* 

*  The  author  wishes  to  express  his  appreciation  to  Dr.  D.  M.  DeLong, 
of  the  Ohio  State  University,  for  his  advice  and  criticisms.  Also  to  the 
following  specialists  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  at  Washington,  D.  C. : 
Dr.  R.  A.  Cushman  and  Dr.  A.  B.  Gahan,  Hymenoptera ;  Dr.  J.  M. 
Aldrich  and  Dr.  C.  T.  Greene,  Diptera;  The  late  Dr.  H.  G.  Dyar,  Dr. 
Carl  Heinrich  and  Dr.  A.  Busch,  Lepidoptera ;  Dr.  E.  A.  Chapin,  Cole- 
optera ;  Dr.  A.  N.  Caudell,  Orthoptera ;  Dr.  P.  W.  Mason,  Thysanoptera. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

LEPIDOPTERA  &  PARASITES. 

(1)  ARSILONCHE  ALBOVENOSA  Goeze.  Two  larvae  were 
collected  at  Monroe,  Michigan,  July  10,  1927.  Both  of  them 
pupated  on  July  13  and  both  emerged  on  August  1  ;  one  male 
and  one  female.  The  larvae  were  found  feeding  on  the  Typha 
leaves  leaving  only  the  midrib  intact. 

From  this  species  were  reared,  at  Monroe,  Michigan :  (2) 
Blacus  sp.  and  (3)  Microhntcoir  sp.,  larval  parasites,  and  (4) 
Macrocentrus  ancylivora  Roh.  and  (5)  Pimpla  inquisitoriclla 
D.  T.,  pupal  parasites,  all  determined  by  R.  A.  Cushman  of  the 
U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Twenty  parasites  emerged  from  a  larva  of  albovcnosa,  col- 
lected from  the  leaf  of  Typha  latifolia,  five  miles  north  of 
Bozeman,  Montana,  on  August  14,  1929.  These  were  identified 
by  R.  A.  Cushman  as  (6)  Rogas  stigmator  Say.  The  host 
larva  was  found  in  a  large  patch  of  Typha  latifolia  which 
showed  very  little  leaf  damage.  The  new  stalks  were  headed 
and  the  old  stalks  fire-burned. 

(7)  Exorista  larvarum  L.,  determined  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich, 
was  collected  from  a  larva  of  A.  albovcnosa,  ten  miles  north  of 
Roberts,  Idaho,  on  August  15,  1929.     The  insect  was  taken  in 
the  larval  stage  and  it  pupated  externally.     Its  host  larva  was 
found  on  Typha  latifolia. 

Numerous  larvae  of  A.  albovcnosa  were  collected  on  Typha 
angustifolia  in  the  Everglades  of  Florida,  February  28,  1930. 
Most  of  them  were  on  or  near  the  tips  of  the  leaves  of  the  old 
stalks  only.  No  larvae  were  present  on  the  young,  immature 
stalks  and  they  showed  no  damage.  A  few  pupae  of  this  insect 
were  also  collected  from  the  exterior  of  mature  stalks. 

A  few  larvae  of  A.  albovcnosa  were  collected  from  the  leaves 
of  Typlia  latifolia  at  Yankeetown,  Florida,  on  March  6,  1930. 
Most  of  them  were  ready  to  undergo  pupation  and  none  of 
those  collected  were  parasitized. 

(8)  Alciodcs  intermedium  Cress,  is  reported  by  Claassen  as 
parasitic  on  albovcnosa. 

(9)  APATELA  OBLINITA  Abbot  &  Smith.     Two  larvae,  col- 
lected on  Typha  leaves  at   Monroe,   Michigan,  July    15,   1927, 
pupated  on  August  21,  and  emerged  as  males  on  August  29. 

Two  parasitized  larvae  were  also  collected,  from  which 
emerged  (10)  Sccliphron  caementarium  Drury*  and  (11)  Casi- 
naria  gcnuina  Nort.,  both  specimens  determined  by  R.  A.  Cush- 
man. 

*  Although  a  parasitic  habit  of  this  species  has  heretofore  been  unknown, 
the  author  reared  it  under  isolated  laboratory  conditions  during  which 
there  was  no  opportunity  for  error. 


10  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,   '31 

(12)   ENDOTHAENIA    HEBESANA  Wlk.     At   Monroe,   Michi- 
gan (1927)  larvae  were  found  feeding  on  the  seeds  of  Typha 
latifolia.     From   sixteen  larvae  only  twelve  pupated   and  ten 
/'emerged.     (13)  A  Microbracon  sp.  determined  by  R.  A.  Cush- 
man  was  collected  in  the  larval  stage. 

(14)  LYMNAECIA    PHRAGMITELLA    Staint.      Twenty    larvae 
were  collected  in  heads  of  Typha  on  July  16,  1927,  at  Monroe, 
Michigan,  from  which  nineteen  pupated  and  seventeen  emerged. 

(15)  Elachterinac  sp.  is  reported  by  Claassen  as  a  parasite 
of  phragmitella. 

Parasites.     Parasites  of  the  various  Typha  insects  are  listed 
under  their  hosts. 

(16)  COLEOPHARA  sp.    A  great  number  of  these  small  larvae 
were    found   burrowing  in   dried   stalks   of    Typha   latifolia   at 
Monroe,   Michigan,   in  the   early   spring  of    1927.     Their   life 
history  seems  to  correspond  to  that  of  Lymnaecia  phragmitella 
Staint.  as  related  by  Claassen  (1921). 

(17)  NONAGRIA   OBLONGA   Grote.      Three   larvae   were   col- 
lected from  overwintering  stalks  of  Typha  latifolia  in  a  pond 
near  the  Olentangy  River  at   Columbus,   Ohio,   December  31, 
1929.     They  xvere  all  above  the  surface  of  the  ice,  varying  in 
distance   from  one  to  six  inches.     They  appeared  to  be  quite 
dormant  at  the  time  of  collecting.    Eighteen  stalks  were  Opened, 
only  seven  showing  damage.     Two  more  larvae  were  dissected 
out  on  January  19,  1930,  from  the  same  locality.     Fifty  stalks 
were  opened,  twelve  showing  damage.     It  seems  that  infesta- 
tion by  this  insect  occurs  among  the  smaller  and  younger  plants 
and  not  in  those  which  have  headed.     In  only  very  few  cases 
have  full  grown  stalks  been  found  attacked.     The  larvae  col- 
lected were  encased  in  ice  and,  inasmuch  as  the  minimum  tem- 
perature for  the  preceding  night  was  8°  F.  below  zero,  appear 
to  be  quite  resistant  to  low  temperatures   providing  they  are 
within  the  stalks.     If  a  larva  be  removed  from  the  stalk  and 
placed,  exposed,  on  the  surface  of  the  ice,  a  quick  drop  from 
freezing  to  zero  is  sufficient  to  cause  death. 

(18)  A  panicles  eincitifonnis  Yier.  is  reported  by   Claassen 
as  a  parasite  of  oblonga. 

(19)  NONAGRIA    SUBFLAVA    Grote.      Larvae    of    this    insect 
were  found  feeding  on  leaves  of  Typha  latifolia  in  the  Florida 
Everglades  on  February  28,   1930.     The  leaves  showed  about 
100%    infestation.     Several  pupae  and  pupal  cases  were  also 
found  but  the  majority  of  the  insects  were  in  the  larval  stage. 
Holland  gives   a  very  good   description   of   this   insect   in   his 
Moth  Book  (1913).  ' 

(20)  ARCHANARA  SUBCARNEA  Kell.     At  Toledo,  Ohio,  on 
July  27,  1928,  the  author  collected  two  larvae  and  two  pupae 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  11 

in  stalks  of  Typha  latifolia.  An  adult  emerging  from  one  of 
the  pupae  was  determined  by  the  late  Dr.  H.  G.  Dyar.  From 
twenty  larvae  collected  near  Toledo,  two  species  of  parasites 
(21)  Muscina  stabulans  Fall,  and  (22)  Masiccnt  scnilis  Mg., 
were  reared,  both  being  determined  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich.  At 
Bolle's  Harbor,  Michigan,  near  Monroe,  larvae  and  pupae  of 
this  insect  were  collected  on  August  16,  1928,  from  which  also 
emerged  specimens  of  Masiccra  scnilis  and  Muscina  stabulans. 

There  seemed  to  be  a  heavy  infestation  of  this  insect  near 
Toledo,  Ohio,  but  near  Monroe,  Michigan,  twenty  miles  north 
and  on  a  mile  stretch  of  Lake  Erie  only  one  individual  was 
collected  from  approximately  1000  stalks.  On  December  27, 
1928,  a  larva  of  A.  subcarnca  was  taken  from  a  stalk  of  Typli.t 
latifolia  in  a  pond  along  the  Olentangy  River  at  Columbus, 
Ohio. 

Typha  latifolia  was  examined  at  Saint  Marys,  Ohio,  on  July 
29,  1928,  and  several  pupae  were  found  in  the  base  of  the 
stalks,  some  of  them  submerged  in  water.  Adults  reared  from 
these  specimens  were  determined  as  subcarnca  by  Dr.  Dyar. 

Arzama  obliqua  Walk.  This  name  is  in  all  probability  a 
synonym  of  Archanara  subcarnca  Kell.  inasmuch  as  its  descrip- 
tion and  life-history  as  described  by  Claassen  agree  with  the 
latter. 

(23)  Stunnia  nigrita  Town.     Reported  by  Claassen  (1921). 
This  insect  is  parasitic  on  the  larvae  of  Arzama  obliqua.     One 
adult  was  reared  at  Roberts,  Idaho,  on  August  16,   1929. 

(24)  BACTRA    MAIORINA    Hein.      An   adult   of    this    species 
emerged  from  the  head  of  Typha  latifolia  at  Monroe,  Michigan, 
on  June  21,  1928,  and  was  determined  by  Dr.  Carl  Ileinrich. 
Nothing  is  known  of  its  habits. 

(25)  CACOECIA   ROSACEANA   Harr.     One  specimen  emerged 
from  a  pupa  in  a  stalk  of  Typha  latifolia  at  Monroe,  Michigan, 
and  was  determined  by  Dr.  A.  Busck. 

(26)  UNIDENTIFIED     LEPIDOPTERON.       An     undeterminable 
larva   was   found   feeding  on  the   leaves  and   tender   stalks  of 
Typha  latifolia  at  Monroe,  Michigan  on  August  12,  1928.     A 
species   of   Hymenopterous   parasite   emerged   from   this   larva 
on  August  15  (two  males  and  three  females)  which  were  deter- 
mined by  A.  B.  Gahan  as   (27)   Eulo pints  sp. 

(28)  ARCHIPS   OBSOLETANA    Walk.      Larvae   of   this   insect 
were  found  feeding  in  the  head  of  Typha  latifolia  at  Monroe, 
Michigan,  at  Bolle's  Harbor,  Michigan,  and  at  Toledo,  Ohio, 
in  1927  and  1928. 

(29)  DICYMOLOMIA  JULIANALIS  Walk.     This  species  is  de- 
scribed by  Claassen  as  feeding  in  the  head  of  T\plia  latifolia. 

(To  be  continued). 


12  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,   '31 

A  New  Melitaea  from  Oregon  (Lep. :  Nymphalidae). 

By  R.  A.  LEUSSLER,  Omaha,  Nebraska. 
Melitaea  hewesi  n.  sp. 

$  .  Expanse  40  mm.  (centre  of  thorax  to^apex  x  2)  Upper- 
side:  Primaries,  marginal  row  of  straight,  narrow,  fulvous  spots 
edged  with  black ;  submarginal  row  of  creamy,  fulvous-tinged 
spots,  all  more  or  less  triangular  with  the  base  slightly  convex, 
those  between  veins  1  &  2  and  between  2  &  3  being  largest; 
inside  submarginal  row  there  is  a  row  of  smaller  irregular 
shaped  spots  somewhat  more  fulvous ;  and  inside  this  row  an 
irregular  row  of  lighter  spots ;  a  light  colored  bar  in  the  cell, 
a  similar  colored  spot  below  it  near  costa,'  and  another  in  cell 
near  base,  a  few  darker  fulvous  spots  separating  the  light  spots 
from  each  other ;  the  space  between  all  of  the  various  spots  on 
the  entire  wing  filled  in  with  black ;  fringes  pale  cream,  broadly 
cut  by  black  at  the  veins,  giving  the  appearance  of  a  checkered 
fringe. 

Secondaries,  marginal  and  submarginal  row  of  spots  same 
as  on  primaries,  row  inside  submarginal  row  composed  of  dark 
fulvous  spots,  row  in  discal  area  composed  of  very  pale  elon- 
gated spots ;  a  minute  pale  spot,  flanked  outwardly  by  a  curved 
fulvous  spot,  in  cell  near  base ;  basal  area,  inner  margin  and 
all  the  space  between  spots  black ;  fringes  same  as  on  primaries. 

Underside:  Primaries,  rather  pale  dull  fulvous,  with  all  of 
the  spots  of  the  upper  side  reproduced ;  the  submarginal  spots 
on  this  side  are  larger  than  on  upper  side  and  very  pale  cream, 
almost  white ;  the  marginal  fulvous  spots  continuous,  forming 
a  narrow  band,  uncut  by  veins ;  fringes  same  as  on  upper  side. 
Secondaries,  marginal  fulvous  band  as  on  primaries ;  all  spots 
of  upper  side  reproduced,  but  considerably  enlarged  and  so  pale 
as  to  be  almost  white ;  the  median  band  encloses  a  series  of 
small,  pale  fulvous  spots  or,  perhaps  more  properly,  rings  (some 
of  them  being  hollow  in  the  centre)  ;  spots  in  the  basal  area 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  narrow  irregular  fulvous  band 
as  is  usual  in  the  genus ;  all  the  pale  spots  edged  with  black. 
Body,  above  black,  beneath  pale  yellowish  white,  palpi  fulvous. 
Antennae,  black  above,  reddish  beneath. 

9  .  Expanse  48  mm.  Uppersidc:  Strikingly  different  from 
the  male,  the  ground  color  of  primaries  and  secondaries  being 
black,  and  all  the  spots  creamy  white,  excepting  those  forming 
the  marginal  band  which  are  reddish  fulvous ;  median  row  of 
spots  on  secondaries  are  mere  dots ;  fringes  same  as  male. 
Underside:  Similar  to  male;  body  and  palpi  same  as  male. 

The  above  descriptions  apply  respectively  to  the  male  holo- 
type  and  female  allotype  taken  at  Tygh,  OREGON,  about  25  miles 
south  of  the  Columbia  River  near  the  Dalles  in  Sherman  County, 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  13 

June  12,  1930,  by  Dr.  L.  I.  Hewes  of  San  Francisco,  for  whom 
I  take  pleasure  in  naming  the  species.  Besides  the  holotype 
and  allotype  there  are  before  me  9  other  males  and  11  other 
females,  all  collected  by  Dr.  Hewes,  and  I  deem  it  advisable 
to  record  here  the  variation  within  the  series.  Males  Nos.  1, 
2,  3  &  4,  Tygh,  Oregon,  June  12,  1930,  agree  with  type  and 
are  designated  as  paratypes.  Male  No.  5  same  date  and  locality 
shows  less  contrast  between  pale  and  fulvous  spots  on  upper 
side  of  both  wings,  and  the  same  is  true  of  the  under  side  of 
primaries.  Male  No.  6,  same  date  and  locality,  is  a  lightly 
marked  specimen  still  less  contrasty.  No.  7  same  date  and 
locality,  although  a  male  this  specimen  is  in  appearance  the 
same  as  the  female  form  crcinita  of  M.  palla.  Male  No.  8, 
Goodnow  Hills,  WASHINGTON,  June  26,  1927,  same  as  No.  7. 
Male  No.  9,  Tygh,  Oregon,  June  12,  1930,  is  an  albinic  speci- 
men, all  the  light  colored  spots  being  white  and  the  fulvous 
ones  very  pale.  The  variation  in  the  11  females  is  less  note- 
worthy. They  are  all  designated  as  paratypes.  6  were  taken 
at  Tygh,  Oregon,  June  30,  1929,  and  the  remaining  5  in  the 
same  locality  June  12,  1930.  There  is  some  variation  in  size ; 
in  3  of  the  specimens  the  median  row  of  spots  or  dots  is  prac- 
tically obsolete ;  in  2  others  they  are  slightly  tinged  with  red ;  in 
still  another  all  of  the  spots  are  conspicuously  large  and  in  some 
of  the  specimens  all  of  the  spots  are  chalk  white  rather  than 
creamy  white. 

What  relationship  this  species  bears  to  other  Melitaeas  I 
cannot  say.  It  probably  is  nearest  to  palla  and  i^hitncyi,  but 
in  my  opinion  is  quite  distinct.  2  male  and  2  female  paratypes 
in  collection  of  R.  A.  Leussler  at  Omaha ;  the  types  and  re- 
mainder of  specimens  returned  to  Dr.  Hewes. 


Food  Requirements  for  the  Pupation  of  Two  Coleop- 
terous Larvae,  Synchroa  punctata  Newm.  and 
Dendroides  canadensis  Lee.  (Melandryidae, 
Pyrochroidae). 

I'.y  XKI.LII-:  M.  I'AYNK. 

Fifty  grown  larvae  of  each  of  the  species,  Synchroa  pnnctata 
and  Dendroides  ctiihiilensis  were  collected  in  April,  1924,  near 
Saint  Paul,  Minnesota.  These  larvae  were  separated  from  the 


14  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '31 

oak  bark  and  frass  in  which  they  occurred,  washed  in  70% 
alcohol,  and  fed  on  filter  paper  over  night.  Then  the  larvae 
were  placed  singly  in  small  shell  vials  containing  sterilized  oak 
bark  free  from  Armillaria  nigra,  a  fungus  which  is  often  present 
in  dead  and  dying  trees.  None  of  these  larvae  pupated  the 
first  year  ending  April,  1925,  although  controls  collected  at  the 
same  time  and  fed  unsterilized  oak  bark  or  rhizomes  of  Armil- 
laria nigra,  pupated  and  emerged  as  adults  in  the  summer  of 
1924.  The  larvae  which  were  kept  on  the  sterilized  medium 
were  transported  to  Philadelphia  in  September,  1925,  and  the 
experiment  continued. 

Observations  have  been  made  on  these  larvae  for  six  complete 
years.  The  experiment  is  now  in  its  seventh  year.  Several 
larvae  have  died  but  the  death  rate  has  been  very  low  after  the 
first  four  years.  Larvae  have  been  removed  annually  or  semi- 
annually  and  approximately  half  of  them  have  been  fed  on 
rhizomes  of  A.  nigra  and  half  on  unsterilized  oak  bark.  After 
the  first  year  larvae  thus  fed  pupated  within  twenty-four  hours 
after  feeding  and  emerged  within  two  weeks.  Larvae  removed 
in  April,  1925,  required  five  days  in  which  to  pupate.  Tempera- 
ture at  which  pupae  were  kept  varied  between  20-22  degrees 
centigrade.  The  following  table  shows  the  death  rate  and  the 
larvae  pupating  after  each  special  feeding.  None  of  the  larvae 
died  during  pupation. 


SYNCHROA  PUNCTATA 

Fed  A.  nigra  or 

DENDROIDES  CANADENSIS 

Fed  A.  nigra  or 

Died  unsterilized 

Died  unsterilized 

in  larval 

oak 

Number 

in  larval 

oak 

Number 

Date 

stage 

bark 

remaining 

stage 

bark 

remaining 

April, 

1924 

0 

0 

50 

0 

0 

50 

April, 

1925 

4 

5 

41 

5 

5 

40 

April, 

1926 

1 

6 

34 

3 

7 

30 

April, 

1927 

2 

6 

26 

2 

8 

20 

Oct., 

1927 

7 

3 

16 

0 

3 

17 

April, 

1928 

0 

3 

13 

1 

3 

13 

Oct., 

1928 

0 

2 

11 

0 

3 

10 

April, 

1929 

1 

2 

8 

0 

2 

8 

Oct., 

1929 

0 

2 

6 

0 

2 

6 

April, 

1930 

0 

2 

4 

1 

2 

3 

Both  Synchroa  punctata  and  Dcndroidcs  canadcnsis  normally 
complete  their  life  cycle  within  one  year.  Thus  the  diet  of 
sterilized  food  prolonged  their  lives  to  over  six  times  the  nor- 
mal length.  The  larvae  reared  on  the  sterilized  medium  were 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  15 

healthy  and  vigorous,  but  merely  unable  to  differentiate.  The 
actual  chemical  compound  producing  pupation  in  these  two 
species  is  unknown.  The  sudden  transformation  of  the  old 
larvae  indicates  that  the  pupation-causing  substance  is  of  a 
catalytic  nature.  This  catalvst  may  or  may  not  be  specific,  since 
pupation  could  occur  either  by  addition  of  unsterilized  oak 
bark  or  of  Annillaria  nii/ra  rhizomes  to  the  diet.  However  the 
great  frequency  with  which  A.  nit/ra  was  present  in  trees  in 
which  S.  punctata  and  D.  canadcnsis  normally  fed,  lead  the 
writer  to  suppose  that  the  effect  of  unsterilized  oak  bark  on 
pupation  may  have  been  due  to  small  bits  of  Annillaria  or  other 
fungi. 

Recently  Uvarov  [1928]  has  summarized  the  literature  re- 
lating to  insect  nutrition.  This  admirable  summary  renders  a 
bibliography  to  a  brief  note  superfluous. 

LITERATURE  CITATION. 

UVAROV,  B.  P.  Insect  Nutrition  and  Metabolism.  A  Summary 
of  the  Literature.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  London.  Dec.  31, 
1928.  pp.  255-343. 


A  Recent  Occurrence  of  Catopsilia  philea  Job.  in  Missouri. 

(Lepid. :  Pieridae). 

An  unusual  capture  for  this  part  of  the  country  was  the 
taking  of  a  male  specimen  of  Catopsilia  pliilca  Job.  in  Webster 
Groves,  Missouri,  on  July  11,  1930,  by  Jack  Neavles,  a  young 
butterfly-hunter  of  my  neighborhood.  The  range  of  this  tropical 
butterfly  is  generally  regarded  as  extending  into  Texas,  but 
there  are  on  record  occurrences  of  stray  individuals  at  localities 
considerably  farther  north.  In  the  present  instance,  the  flight 
of  the  butterfly  for  so  great  a  distance  from  its  normal  territory 
may  be  definitely  correlated  with  the  protracted  hot  weather 
that  preceded  its  appearance  here. 

Cases  like  this,  in  which  butterflies  are  observed  hundreds 
of  miles  away  from  the  localities  where  they  are  known  to 
breed,  demonstrate  that  butterflies  are  capable  of  flying  enor- 
mous distances,  and  indicate  a  probability  that  such  long  flights 
may  take  place  more  frequently  than  has  been  noted  by  ob- 
servers. They  therefore  deserve  careful  study,  being  important 
aids  to  the  solution  of  some  of  the  problems  that  beset  the 
investigator  of  insect  migrations. 

HAROLD  O'Bvkxt-:,   \\Vbster  Groves,  Missouri. 


16  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,   '31 

An  Additional  Annotated  List  of  the  Ants  of 
Mississippi*  (Hym.:  Formicoidea). 

M.  R.  SMITH,  A.  &  M.  College,  Mississippi. 

In  a  previous  article  (Ent.  News,  Vol.  39,  pp.  242-246  and 
275-279,  1928)  19  additional  species  of  ants  were  recorded  for 
Mississippi.  The  present  paper  lists  20  more  species,  thus  mak- 
ing a  grand  total  of  126  species  which  have  been  recorded  for 
the  state.  Although  a  great  deal  of  collecting  for  ants  has 
been  done  in  some  parts  of  the  state,  there  are  other  areas  in 
which  no  collecting  or  only  very  little  collecting  has  been  done. 
When  these  areas  are  adequately  scouted,  it  would  not  be  sur- 
prising if  the  list  of  the  ants  of  the  state  is  extended  to  include 
150  species  or  more. 

Of  the  126  species  collected  to  date,  11  species  or  8.7  percent 
are  apparently  new  species.  New  species  have  been  found 
within  the  following  genera : — Apliacnogaster,  Stctminma,  Phei- 
dole,  Leptothorax,  Mynnica,  and  Camponotus  sub-genus  Colo- 
bo  psis. 

The  most  interesting  of  the  new  species  is  a  Stcnamma, 
which  is  apparently  distinct  from  anything  that  has  yet  been 
recorded  for  North  America.  This  species  is  of  even  further 
interest  in  that  the  genus  Stcnamma  is  very  poorly  represented 
in  this  section  of  the  country. 

Another  interesting  new  species  is  a  Colobopsis,  which  is 
allied  to  C.  impresses  in  the  general  shape  of  the  head  of  the 
soldier  (that  is,  with  subparallel  sides)  yet  is  very  distinct  not 
only  from  this  species  but  from  all  other  Colobopsis  that  have 
yet  been  taken  in  North  America. 

Subfamily  DORYLINAE 

107.  ECITON   MEX.ICANUM    (F.   Smith). 

Wiggins.  Male  specimens  of  what  is  believed  to  be  this 
species  were  taken  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Kislanko  at  trap  lights  at 
Wiggins  on  the  night  of  June  27,  1930.  Our  specimens  agree 
very  well  with  the  figure  of  this  species  as  given  by  Wheeler  in 
fig.  11,  plate  26  of  the  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Vol.  24, 

(*A  contribution  from  the  Mississippi  Agricultural  Experiment  Station) 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  17 

1908.  Wheeler  states,  "the  male  of  this  species  is  easily 
tinguished  from  all  the  known  males  of  the  genus  by  the  peculiar 
shape  of  the  mandibles  which  are  narrow,  straight  at  the  base 
and  curved  at  the  tips,  with  the  middle  of  the  external  margin 
concave  and  a  low  but  distinct  projection  on  the  inner  margin." 
I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  this  ant  is  the  male  phase  of  Eciton 
pilosns.  E.  mexicawwm  is  known  only  from  the  male.  The  male 
of  E.  pilosns  on  the  other  hand  is  not  known.  My  reasons  for 
believing  that  the  males  of  E.  iiic.ricanuui  are  very  probably 
the  males  of  E.  pilosns  will  be  given  in  a  forthcoming  article. 
108.  APHAENOGASTER  TEXANA  var.  CAROLINENSTS  \Yheeler. 
Columbus,  Starkville,  Greenwood  Springs.  The  slender,  yel- 
lowish-brown workers  of  this  "ant  might  easily  be  confused  with 
the  smaller  workers  of  Aphaenogaster  fitlra  or  some  of  its 
forms.  The  head  of  the  worker  of  carolincnsis  is  much  more 
slender  than  the  head  of  the  worker  of  A.  fnlva,  and  the  pos- 
terior corners  are  decidedly  rounder.  The  eyes  are  proportion- 
ally larger  and  the  antennae  longer. 

This  species  was  described  from  specimens  nesting  in  the  soil 
beneath  stones  in  the  open  woods  at  Trvon,  N.  C.  (Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Vol.  34,  p.  414,  1915).  In  Mississippi  I  have 
taken  the  ants  from  the  soil  beneath  logs  and  also  from  beneath 
the  bark  of  stumps.  At  Columbus,  Mississippi,  a  colony  was 
found  nesting  in  a  pine  log  near  a  fine  colony  of  Exponent 
(jilva. 

109.  STENAMMA  FOVEOLOCEPHALA  M.  R.  Smith. 
Ackerman.  Two  workers  of  this  species  were  collected  from 
the  sandy  soil  on  the  south  slope  of  a  thinly  wooded  hillside. 
2  miles  from  Ackerman,  Mississippi.  Although  a  careful 
search  was  made  for  further  specimens  none  were  found.  These 
are  the  first  workers  of  Stcnainiud  that  have  been  collected  in 
the  state.  To  date  this  is  the  fourth  species  of  Stain  in  ma  to 
be  described  for  North  America.  The  other  three  species 
as  follows:  brci'icornc  and  its  various  subspecies  rind  varieties 
ncarcticKin  (which  is  known  only  from  the  male  and  female 
phases),  and  nidiini  which  was  described  by  Dr.  Wheeler  from 
Mexican  specimens. 

This  species  differs  from  brcviconic  and  its  allied   forms  in 


18  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,  '31 

the  following  particulars:  (1)  the  eyes  are  larger;  (2)  the 
sculpturing  of  the  head  is  decidedly  f oveolate-reticulate ;  (3) 
the  rugulae  on  the  basal  surface  of  the  epinotum  are  trans- 
verse; (4)  the  postpetiole  is  longer  and  when  viewed  from 
above  subcampanulate ;  ( 5 )  the  color  is  darker,  almost  black. 
The  description  of  this  species  appeared  in  Annals  Ent.  Soc. 
of  Amer.  Vol.  23,  No.  3,  1930. 

110.  LEPTOTHORAX  WHEELERI  M.  R.  Smith. 

A.  &  M.  College,  Starkville,  Sturgis,  Adaton.  This  species 
was  recently  described  and  illustrated  in  Annals  Ent.  Soc.  of 
America,  Vol.  22,  pp.  548,  1929.  The  worker  of  this  species 
is  very  closely  related  to  the  worker  of  L.  sclmumi  and  L.  for- 
tinodis.  From  these  species  it  differs,  however,  in  the  follow- 
ing particulars:  (1)  it  has  longer  and  larger  epinotal  spines; 
(2)  the  thorax  is  not  so  compressed  laterally  and  dorsally  as 
with  the  species  mentioned  ;  (3)  the  sculpturing  is  much  coarser. 

All  of  the  nests  which  I  have  encountered  were  found  in 
cavities  in  live,  standing  trees  or  in  logs  and  stumps. 

111.  LEPTOTHORAX    (D.)    PERGANDEI  subsp.   FLAVUS   M.  R. 
Smith. 

Adaton,  Longview,  Starkville.  This  interesting  species  be- 
longing to  the  subgenus  Dichothora.v  was  also  recently  described 
in  the  Annals  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  Vol.  22,  pp.  549-550,  1929. 
Although  closely  allied  to  pcrgandci,  the  worker  can  be  dis- 
tinguished from  the  worker  of  pcrgandci  by  the  following  dif- 
ferences:  (1)  its  larger  size;  (2)  different  color  (yellow)  ;  (3) 
less  acute  meso-epinotal  constriction;  (4)  the  longer,  blunter, 
and  stouter  epinotal  spines;  (5)  the  much  larger  and  more  con- 
vex petiole,  and  the  distinctly  broader  post  petiole;  (6)  and  by 
the  longer,  coarser,  and  more  uneven  pilosity. 

All  the  colonies  which  I  have  seen  were  nesting  in  crevices 
just  beneath  the  bark  of  pine  stumps,  usually  very  near  the 
soil  level. 

112.  LEPTOTHORAX  PERGANDEI  subsp.  FLOKIDANUS  Emery. 
Louisville,  Blue  Mountain,  Ripley.    According  to  Emery  this 

subspecies  differs  from  L.  (D.)  pcnjandci  in  the  following 
particulars,  namely:  (1)  the  body  is  more  shining;  (2)  the 
epinotum  smooth  and  shining  above;  (3)  the  mesoepinotal  con- 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  19 

striction  is  punctulate,  subopaque ;  (4)  the  petiolar  node  is  nar- 
rower and  not  impressed  above;  (5)  the  postpetiole  is  hardly 
1/3  again  as  broad  as  the  petiole  and  proportionally  narrower 
than  in  pcrgandci.  Wheeler  in  addition  states  that  the  color, 
pilosity,  and  sculpture  are  the  same  in  both  forms. 

Mr.  S.  W.  Simmons,  who  collected  the  ants  at  two  of  the 
locations  mentioned  above,  informs  me  that  they  were  found 
nesting  in  the  soil  beneath  logs  and  stones. 

113.  LEPTOTHORAX   (D.)  PERGANDEI  FLORIDANUS  var.  SIMN- 
osus  M.  R.  Smith. 

Summit.  This  species  was  described  in  the  same  journal  as 
the  other  species  of  LcptotJiora.r  just  mentioned  (p.  551).  It 
is  also  a  member  of  the  subgenus  DichotJwra.v.  The  worker 
differs  from  that  of  floridanus  as  follows:  (1)  the  epinotal 
spines  are  longer  and  are  directed  more  upward  and  outward ; 
(2)  the  epinotal  spines  are  not  small  or  tuberculate  as  with 
pergandei  and  florid un us,  but  distinctly  spinose,  and  longer  than 
broad  at  base;  (3)  the  pilosity  is  longer,  coarser,  and  more  un- 
even; (4)  the  color,  although  variable,  is  somewhat  darker 
than  that  of  floridanus. 

These  ants  were  collected  from  a  rotting  pine  stump  at  Sum- 
mit, Mississippi,  the  type-locality. 

114.  STRUMIGENYS  ORNATA  Mayr. 

Louisville.  One  specimen  of  this  ant  was  collected  by  Mr. 
G.  W.  Haug  from  amongst  leaves  and  other  debris  on  the 
ground  in  a  dense  growth  of  Oak  trees  about  8  miles  northwest 
of  Louisville. 

The  worker  of  this  species  can  be  very  easily  distinguished 
by  the  exceedingly  long  clavate  hairs  which  are  directed  upward 
from  the  surface  of  the  clypeus.  The  ants  appear  to  be  rather 
rare  in  the  state. 

115.  STRUMIGENYS  CLYPEATA  var.  PILINASIS  Forel. 
Louisville.     Three  specimens  of  this  species  were  taken   by 

me  from  a  small  crevice  in  a  well  rotted  log,  lying  at  the  font 
of  a  hill  in  the  same  patch  of  woodlands  as  the  species  men- 
tioned above. 

This  species  can  be  recognized  by  the  peculiar  shape  of  the 


20  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,   '31 

head  of  the  worker,  which  tapers  very  strongly  anteriorly,  thus 
causing  the  clypeus  to  be  considerably  longer  than  broad.  The 
clypeus  is  covered  with  numerous  erect  hairs,  which  are  not  at 
all  clavate  or  scale-like  as  in  the  other  species  of  Stminigcnys. 
Also  the  exposed  sections  of  the  mandibles  are  toothed  in- 
ternally for  their  entire  length. 

116.  SOLENOPSIS    PERGANDEI     Foi'el. 

Greenwood  Springs,  Ouitman,  Biloxi,  Ackerman.  The 
worker  of  6".  peryandci  can  be  distinguished  from  the  worker 
of  S.  nwlcsta  as  follows:  (1)  it  is  a  larger  species;  (2)  the 
the  head  is  practically  quadrate;  (3)  the  node  of  the  post- 
petiole  is  about  as  long  as  wide  and  more  spherically  shaped. 
The  worker  of  S.  niolcsta  has  a  post-petiolar  node,  which  when 
viewed  from  above  appears  to  be  wider  than  long.  For  the 
description  of  pcrgandei  see  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.  Vol.  45,  p.  343, 
1901.  The  species  was  described  from  North  Carolina  speci- 
mens. 

I  have  seen  nests  of  this  ant  in  the  soil  and  also  in  crevices 
in  rotting  pine  stumps.  At  Ouitman,  alate  females  were  found 
in  the  nest  on  July  6th.  This  does  not  appear  to  be  as  com- 
mon a  species  in  Mississippi  as  m-olcsta. 

117.  Solenopsis  glolndana  subsp.  inobilcnsis  Creighton. 
Ocean   Springs,   Perkinston,    Pascagoula.     This   species   was 

first  collected  at  Mobile,  Alabama,  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Creighton  of 
Harvard  University.  At  the  time  he  wrote  me  in  regard  to  it, 
he  was  of  the  opinion  that  it  was  possibly  an  imported  species. 
This  species,  the  only  form  of  globularia  that  I  know  to  occur 
in  the  United  States,  is  very  distinct  from  our  other  species  of 
Solcnopsis.  The  worker  can  be  readily  recognized  by  its  ab- 
normally large  postpetiole,  which  when  viewed  from  above 
and  behind  is  transversely-elliptical.  The  epinotum  when  viewed 
from  the  side  is  decidedly  angular. 

Mr.  J.  P.  Kislanko,  who  collected  the  ants  at  two  of  the 
above  named  localities,  found  them  nesting  in  wood  in  both 
instances,  and  seeds  were  observed  in  their  nest  on  one  of  these 
occasions.  Mr.  R.  P.  Colmer  sent  in  specimens  from  Pasca- 
goula, which  were  stealing  canary  bird  seed  from  a  house. 


xlii,   '31]  KXTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  21 

118.  TETRAMORIUM  (TRIGLYPHOTHRIX)  STRIATIDENS  Emery. 
West  Point.     A  large  number  of   workers  of  this  imported 

Indian  ant  were  collected  from  the  brick  wall  of  a  store  in  the 
business  section  of  West  Point,  by  Mr.  E.  E.  Byrcl.  Mr.  Bynl 
stated  that  he  believed  the  ants  to  be  nesting  in  the  wall  as  he 
saw  numerous  workers  enter  and  leave  small  holes  in  the  wall. 
The  ants  are  slow  moving  in  gait  and  given  to  sulking  when 
touched  by  an  object. 

This  is  the  second  time  that  the  species  has  ever  been  re- 
corded from  the  United  States.  It  was  first  taken  in  1913  at 
New  Orleans  by  Mr.  E.  R.  Barber  (Wheeler,  Jour.  EC.  Ent. 
Vol.  9,  pp.  566-569,  1916).  This  ant,  as  Wheeler  aptly  re- 
marks, is  tending  to  become  world-wide  in  its  distribution. 
Whether  it  will  prove  a  pest  in  the  state  remains  to  be  seen. 

119.  MVRMICA  SCHENCKI  var.  SPATULATA  M.  R.  Smith. 
Starkville.     This,  the  only  species  of  Mynnica  that  has  yet 

been  taken  in  Mississippi,  is  apparently  a  new  one.  As  its 
name  indicates,  both  workers  and  females  can  be  distinguished 
from  allied  forms  of  Mynnica  by  the  exceedingly  large  spoon 
or  spatulate-shaped  lobes  at  the  base  of  the  antennae.  Viewed 
from  above  the  margins  of  the  lobes  are  very  thin  and  some- 
what reflexed.  Viewed  laterally  the  lobes  form  slightly  more 
than  a  right  angle  with  the  base  of  the  scapes  of  the  antennae. 

This  species  was  found  nesting  in  the  soil  in  a  low,  heavily 
wooded  area  5  miles  west  of  Starkville.  The  area  is  frequently 
subject  to  overflow. 

A  description  of  the  worker  and  female  of  this  species  ap- 
peared in  Vol.  23,  No.  3,  of  the  Annals  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  1930. 

120.  PHEIDOLE   LAMIA   Wheeler. 

Fayette.  Two  soldiers  and  a  number  of  workers  of  this  ex- 
tremely interesting  ant  were  collected  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Haug  from 
the  soil  at  the  base  of  a  maple  tree  in  the  old  Argentine  ant 
area  at  Fayette.  The  soldier  of  this  ant  can  be  easily  recog- 
nized at  a  glance  because  of  its  peculiarly  shaped  head,  which 
is  long  and  subcylindrical  with  truncated  anterior  portion.  The 
soldiers  are  supposed  to  use  their  heads  in  plugging  the  gal- 
leries to  the  nest.  According  to  Wheeler  the  ants  are  decidedly 


22  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '31 

subterranean  in  nature.  Mr.  Havig  informed  me  that  although 
he  made  a  very  careful  search  for  soldiers  he  only  succeeded 
in  taking  two  specimens.  Apparently  the  soldiers  are  very 
scarce  in  the  nest.  They  may  function  as  queens  as  Wheeler 
suggests.  Ph.  lamia  was  described  by  Wheeler  from  specimens 
collected  at  Austin,  Texas.  So  far  as  I  am  aware  this  is  the 
first  time  that  the  ant  has  been  taken  outside  of  that  state. 

121.  DOLICHODERUS     PLAGIATUS     PUSTULATUS     Var.     BEUTEN- 

MUELLERI  Wheeler. 

Smithville,  Biloxi.  The  types  of  this  species  are  from  the 
Black  Mountains  of  North  Carolina.  For  description  of  the 
species  see  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Vol.  20,  p.  304.  1904. 
The  worker  of  this  species  has  a  black  head  and  gaster  and  a 
reddish-brown  thorax.  The  head  and  thorax  which  bear  shal- 
low foveolae  are  glabrous.  There  are  also  erect  hairs  on  the 
upper  surface  of  the  body. 

At  Smithville  workers  were  collected  from  oak,  hickory,  and 
sumac  where  they  were  seeking  honey  dew.  At  Biloxi  on 
September  5,  1929,  the  ants  were  found  attending  aphids  on  a 
species  of  grass  in  a  marshy  area,  not  over  125  yards  from 
the  waters  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Between  the  sheaths  of 
the  grass  were  found  immature  stages  of  the  ants,  which  were 
covered  over  by  fine  down-like  hairs  that  had  been  pulled  from 
the  grass  by  the  worker  ants.  Both  winged  females  and  female 
pupae  were  found. 

Subfamily  FORMICINAE. 

122.  FORMICA  TRUNCICOLA  INTEGRA  Nylander. 
Greenwood  Springs.     These  beautiful,  robust,  red  and  black 

ants  were  found  in  large  numbers  amongst  sand,  leaves,  and 
other  debris  along  the  edge  of  a  small  stream.  In  this  vicinity 
there  were  many  elder  bushes  on  which  were  numerous  black 
aphids  that  the  workers  were  busily  attending.  When  I  at- 
tempted to  capture  the  worker  ants,  they  hid  beneath  leaves 
and  would  cautiously  peep  out  as  if  they  were  endowed  with 
intelligence.  For  a  description  of  this  species  see  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.  Harvard,  Vol.  LIII,  pp.  444-445,  1913. 

123.  CAMPONOTUS  CARYAE  subsp.  DISCOLOR   (Buckley). 


xlii,   '31  J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Corinth,  A.  &  M.  College.  This  beautiful  red  and  black  ant 
with  emarginate  clypeus  is  described  in  I 'roc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phila. 
Vol.  6,  p.  166,  1866. 

Judging  from  our  records  it  does  not  appear  to  be  as  com- 
mon a  species  as  rasilis,  which  it  resembles  in  both  appearance 
and  habits.  It  can  be  easily  distinguished  from  rasilis  by  the 
coarse,  piligerous  foveolae  on  the  cheeks  and  clypeus  of  the 
worker  and  female.  At  Corinth  a  single  worker  was  taken 
from  the  trunk  of  a  tree  in  a  low,  heavily  wooded  area.  At 
A.  &  M.  College,  Mr.  J.  M.  Langston  found  one  dealate  female 
and  3  workers  in  a  cavity  in  a  pecan  husk  on  the  college  farm. 

124.  CAMPONOTUS  (COLOBOPSIS)  OBLIQUUS  M.  R.  Smith. 
Starkville.     This  species  is  entirely  distinct  from  any  other 

species  of  North  American  Colobopsis  that  has  yet  been  de- 
scribed. With  respect  to  the  shape  of  the  head  of  the  soldier 
(that  is,  its  subparallel  sides)  it  would  appear  to  be  closely 
allied  to  C.  iin[>rcssns.  From  the  latter  species  it  differs  in  the 
following  characters:  (1)  its  smaller  size  (3.5-3.75  mm.)  ;  (2) 
the  much  coarser  sculpturing  of  the  head;  (3)  the  less  con- 
cave, truncate  surface  of  the  head;  and  (4)  in  the  more  rec- 
tangularly shaped  clypeus. 

The  workers  of  this  ant  were  found  nesting  in  a  cavity  in 
the  husk  of  a  hickory  nut,  Caryac  sp.,  which  was  gathered  in  a 
low  woodland  pasture,  5  miles  southwest  of  Starkville.  To  Mr. 
J.  M.  Langston  credit  is  due  for  collecting  this  species. 

The  description  of  this  species  appeared  in  Vol.  23,  No.  3 
of  the  Annals  Ent.  Soc.  of  Amer.  1930. 

125.  L.\sirs   liKEYicoRNis  Emery. 

Ripley.  This  species  is  apparently  confined  to  the  cooler, 
more  northern  sections  of  the  state.  Our  specimens  have  been 
collected  by  Mr.  S.  W.  Simmons,  who  informs  me  that  this  is 
not  an  uncommon  ant  in  the  area  from  which  it  is  listed  above. 
Mr.  Simmons  found  the  ants  nesting  in  the  soil  in  a  hilly, 
wooded  area.  The  worker  of  L.  brcriconiis  can  easily  be  dis- 
tinguished by  its  short  antennal  scapes,  which  do  not  extend 
entirely  to  the  posterior  corners  of  the  head.  The  maxillary 
palpi  are  6-segmented. 

126.  LASIUS  (A.)  CLAVIGER  Roger. 


24  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '31 

Ripley.  This  species  is  represented  in  our  collection  by  a 
single  dealate  female,  which  was  captured  at  the  above  named 
locality  by  Mr.  S.  W.  Simmons.  Although  L.  inter jectus  Mayr 
is  a  fairly  common  ant  in  this  state,  its  cogener  L.  clavigcr  for 
some  unexplainable  reason  seems  to  be  rare  or  absent  in  the 
areas  where  we  have  collected  intensively. 

The  worker  of  L.  clavigcr  can  easily  be  distinguished  by  the 
following  characters:  (1)  the  3-segmented  maxillary  palpi;  (2) 
the  antero-posteriorly  compressed  petiole,  the  superior  border 
of  which  is  sharp;  (3)  by  the  absence  of  teeth  on  the  superior 
borders  of  the  mandibles;  (4)  by  the  numerous  erect  hairs 
which  are  widely  distributed  over  the  dorsal  surface  of  the 
gaster. 


The  Night  Flight  of  Diurnal  Butterflies  (Lepid.). 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 

I  was  glad  that  Mr.  Hayward  was  led  to  publish  in  the 
October  NEWS  the  fine  lot  of  records  of  the  night  flight  of 
diurnal  Lepidoptera,  even  though  he  thinks  the  data  are  of  no 
scientific  value.  Notes  of  this  type  are  valuable  in  the  study 
of  psychogenesis.  I  believe  that  changes  in  habits  and  eventu- 
ally in  morphology  of  species  have  in  many  cases  had  their  in- 
ception in  just  such  cases  of  digression  from  instinct  as  Mr. 
O'Byrne's  and  Mr.  Hayward's  data  represent.  When  an  animal 
behaves  in  a  way  which  differs  from  the  established  habit  of 
the  species,  we  know  there  must  be  some  cause  for  this  digres- 
sion. Such  action  is  usually  more  difficult,  requires  more  effort, 
than  following  customary  routine ;  hence  the  cause  must  be 
more  impelling  than  is  outwardly  apparent.  I  believe  that  these 
causes  for  digression  are  usually  psychic  in  nature. 

I  fully  agree  with  Mr.  Hayward  when  he  says  that  each 
record  should  be  complete  with  full  environmental  data,  but 
I  do  not  agree  with  him  when  he  says  that  the  appearance  of 
Lepidoptera  on.  the  wing  at  unusual  times  is  purely  accidental, 
that  they  have  merely  been  disturbed  by  night  prowlers.  A 
night  in  the  field  with  sleeping  insects  will  prove  to  anyone  that 
insects,  especially  butterflies,  sleep  soundly  at  night,  and  if  dis- 
turbed they  drop  to  the  ground.  They  can  easily  be  picked  up 


xlii,   '31  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  25 

in  the  fingers,  or  a  twig  upon  which  they  are  asleep  can  be 
carried  several  miles  without  disturbing  them.* 

When  a  day-flying  male  Promcthca  mothf  conies  to  the 
female  in  the  cage  on  my  roof  at  four  a.m.,  (even  though  he 
is  only  one  out  of  many),  my  interpretation  is  that  its  organ 
for  odor  perception  is  more  highly  developed  than  that  of  its 
companions,  or  its  sex  urge  is  greater  than  its  impulse  to  sleep, 
or  both.  At  least,  its  inner  urge  for  action  must  be  different 
from  that  of  its  companions.  If  it  beats  the  other  ardent  swains 
in  its  quest  for  mating,  or  if  perchance  it  meets  a  mate  of  like 
tendencies,  there  is  ample  probability  that  the  psychic  urge  to 
this  new  departure  will  recur  in  the  offspring.  If  the  new  habit 
gives  the  creature  an  advantage  among  its  fellows,  there  is  a 
chance  that  it  may  become  permanent  in  the  species.  All  this, 
of  course,  would  be  quite  unthinkable  if  the  first  occurrence  of 
the  new  act  was  purely  accidental  or  caused  by  extraneous 
forces. 

We  are  in  the  habit  of  thinking  that  night-flying  moths  are 
active  at  any  hour  of  the  night,  and  likewise  day-flying  moths 
are  active  during  any  and  all  hours  of  the  day.  In  the  paper 
cited,  we  show  that  each  species  of  moths  with  which  we 
worked  has  a  very  definite  period  of  flight,  which  recurs  once 
in  each  cycle  of  twenty-four  hours,  and  if  a  change  of  this 
"hour"  occurs  in  a  species,  we  would  not  expect  it  to  occur  en 
masse,  but  to  have  its  inception  in  one  or  a  few  individuals  of 
the  race, — just  the  erratic  type  of  individuals  that  Mr.  O'Byrnc 
and  Mr.  Havward  mention. 


The  C.  F.  Adams  Collection  of  Diptera. 

A  collection  of  Diptera,  totalling  approximately  12,000  speci- 
mens, has  been  presented  to  Purdue  University  by  Dr.  C.  F. 
Adams,  Director  of  the  Bacteriological  Laboratory  of  the 
Indiana  State  Board  of  Health  and  formerly  Dean  and  Ento- 
mologist of  the  College  of  Agriculture  of  the  University  of 
Arkansas.  Dr.  Adams  has  retained  the  Mycetophilidae  and  a 
named  set  of  the  Culicidae,  in  which  groups  he  will  continue 
his  studies. 

*  See  Rau  and  Rau,  The  Sleep  of  Insects ;  An  Ecological  Study.  Ann. 
Ent.  Soc.  Amer.  9  :  227-274.  1916. 

t  Rau  and  Rau,  The  Sex  Attraction  and  Rhythmic  Periodicity  in  the 
Great  Saturniid  Moths.  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis  26:  82-221.  1929. 


26  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |  Jan.,   '31 

A  New  Species  of  Two-winged  Fly  belonging  to  the 
Genus  Acronarista  (Diptera:  Tachinidae)' 

By  H.  J.  REINIIARD,  College  Station,  Texas. 

In  1908,  Townsencl  established  the  genus  Acronarista  with 
tnirabilis  as  the  type  and  sole  species.1  The  description  was 
based  upon  a  single  specimen  collected  by  the  late  Dr.  H.  G. 
Dyar  at  Palm  Beach,  Florida. 

I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich  for  the  opportunity  of 
examining  the  type  specimen  now  in  the  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum. The  type  is  a  male  and  not  a  female  as  stated  in  the 
original  description.  This  correction  has  already  been  indicated 
by  W.  R.  Thompson.-  The  species  is  rare  among  our  native 
Tachinidae  and  for  more  than  twenty  years  no  additional  speci- 
mens have  been  discovered. 

A  second  species  from  Louisiana,  described  as  new  in  the 
present  paper,  seems  congeneric.  It  differs  in  having  the  arista 
situated  about  midway  between  the  base  and  apex  of  the  an- 
terior ramus  of  the  third  antennal  joint;  in  having  one  to  three 
setules  near  the  tip  of  the  first  vein  ;  and  a  number  of  other 
less  essential  details. 

Acronarista  cornuta  new  species 

Male:  Front  at  narrowest  (vertex)  0.384  of  the  head  width 
in  the  one  specimen,  widening  but  slightly  to  base  of  antennae ; 
parafrontals  faintly  pruinose  subshining  in  certain  angles,  with 
only  a  few  short  inconspicuous  hairs  outside  the  frontal  rows ; 
median  stripe  brownish-black,  uniform  in  width  to  triangle  and 
slightly  broader  than  one  paraf rontal ;  frontal  bristles  descend- 
ing to  apex  of  second  antennal  joint,  the  uppermost  one  or  two 
pairs  smaller  than  the  preceding  ones ;  ocellars  proclinate ;  ver- 
ticals one  pair  (inner)  rather  stout,  curving  backward;  orbitals 
present  (three  on  one  side  and  two  on  other),  all  proclinate; 
face  gray  pollinose,  very  deeply  excavated,  the  sides  linear,  bare, 
and  strongly  divergent  downward ;  vibrissae  large,  inserted  on 
oral  margin,  with  only  a  few  bristles  on  the  ridges  above ; 
antennae  reaching  oral  margin,  basal  joints  short,  tinged  with 
yellow;  third  wholly  black,  deeply  and  broadly  incised  to  form 
an  anterior  and  posterior  ramus  which  in  profile  are  distinctly 
bowed  effecting  a  U-shaped  appearance ;  arista  situated  slightly 

1  Tax.  Muse.  Flies,  Smith  Misc.  Colls.,  Vol.  LI,  p.  85. 
2Canad.  Ent.,  Vol.  XLIII,  p.  313. 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

nearer  base  than  apex  of  anterior  ramus,  thickened  almost  to 
tip,  penultimate  joint  only  slightly  shorter  than  the  third;  cheeks 
about  one-sixth  the  eye  height ;  proboscis  short,  fleshy ;  palpi 
yellow ;  eyes  bare. 

Thorax  and  scutellum  black,  dusted  lightly  with  bluish-gray 
pollen,  humeri  more  densely  pollinose ;  mesonotum  showing  five 
indistinct  dark  stripes  in  front  and  none  behind  suture.  Chae- 
totaxy :  humeral  2 ;  posthumeral  2 ;  presutural  1 ;  acrostichal  3, 
1  ;  dorsocentral  3,  3  ;  notopleural  2  ;  intraalar  3  (anterior  one 
minute)  ;  supraalar  3;  postalar  2;  pteropleural  1;  sternopleural 
4  (intermediate  ones  small)  ;  scutellum  with  two  lateral  be- 
sides a  weaker  apical  pair,  no  discals  ;  postscutellum  normally 
developed ;  calypters  semitransparent,  white. 

Abdomen  rather  short  and  flat,  basal  margins  of  segments 
two  to  four  with  narrow  bands  of  bluish-gray  pollen,  the  re- 
mainder of  these  segments,  including  the  first,  shining  black ; 
first  segment  without  median  marginal  bristles ;  second  with 
one  pair,  rather  small ;  third  with  a  marginal  row  situated  con- 
siderably before  the  hind  margin  ;  fourth  with  a  discal  row  but 
without  a  distinct  row  of  marginals. 

Legs  blackish,  rather  stout,  pulvilli  conspicuous  but  shorter 
than  last  tarsal  joint;  mid  tibia  with  one  bristle  an  outer  front 
side ;  hind  tibia  with  a  sparse  row  of  short  bristles  on  outer 
posterior  edge  with  one  or  two  longer  near  middle. 

Wings  hyaline;  the  hind  cross  vein  erect  joining  the  fourth 
vein  slightly  before  the  middle  between  small  cross  vein  and 
bend ;  first  vein  with  one  to  three  setules  near  the  apex ;  third 
with  one  rather  large  bristle  at  base ;  fourth  vein  with  a  broadly 
rounded  bend,  curving  outward  near  the  tip  leaving  the  first 
posterior  cell  narrowly  open  almost  in  exact  wing  tip  ;  costal 
spine  minute. 

Length,  4  mm. 

Female :  Unknown. 

Described  from  a  single  male  specimen  from  Opelousas, 
LOUISIANA,  March,  1897,  (collector  unknown)  received  from 
David  G.  Hall. 

Type:  Male,  Cat.  No.  43172  U.S.N.M. 

This  species,  like  the  genotype,  is  a  minute  fly  with  the  third 
antennal  joint  cleft  into  two  rami.  In  profile  these  are  less 
strongly  bowed  than  in  mirabilis  and  the  entire  joint  is  black. 
The  presence  of  a  few  setules  on  the  first  vein ;  the  elongated 
penultimate  joint  of  the  arista ;  and  the  insertion  of  the  latter 
nearer  the  base  of  the  third  antennal  joint  do  not  appear  to  be 
characters  of  generic  importance  in  this  case. 


28  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '31 

Dynastes  tityus  Linn,  in  Delaware  (Coleop. :  Scarabaeidae). 

From  the  paper  by  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert  on  the  occurrence  of 
this  species  in  Pennsylvania,  in  the  NEWS  for  June  and  July. 
1930,  I  was  especially  interested  to  learn  of  the  occurrence  of 
this  beetle  in  that  state,  as  I  have  collected  one  male  in  the 
vicinity  of  Newark,  Delaware,  in  1927,  although  I  can  give  no 
further  data  concerning  it. 

In  the  collection  of  the  Delaware  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station,  there  is  one  specimen,  also  a  male,  dated  August  7,  1929, 
locality  Nassau,  Delaware,  with  no  collector's  name  attached. 
I  think  the  collector  was  Dr.  H.  D.  Dozier,  as  I  remember 
pinning  the  specimen.  Nassau  is  just  this  side  of  Rehoboth 
Beach,  toward  the  southeastern  end  of  Delaware.  During  col- 
lections made  in  Pennsylvania  in  1927  and  in  the  following  year, 
I  did  not  find  another  specimen.  In  the  fall  of  1928,  I  collected 
a  number  of  immature  and  fully  grown  larvae  of  this  species  in 
the  vicinity  of  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  and  I  was  again  able  to 
obtain  some  this  past  summer  (1930). 

The  reported  occurrence  of  this  species  in  Pennsylvania  is  of 
special  interest ;  I  had  thought  Delaware  to  be  its  northern  limit. 
L.  CHESTER  MARSTON,  JR.,  Department  of  Biology, 

,«  University  of  Toronto. 

The  Composition  of  the  Head  of  Insects. 

In  the  embryo  of  Carausius  (walking  stick)  seven  pairs  of 
coelom  sacs  are  laid  down  in  the  head.  Of  these  only  the 
antennal,  manclibular,  first  and  second  maxillary  are  preserved 
for  any  length  of  time.  The  others  (labral,  preantennal,  inter- 
calary) remain  rudimentary.  The  labral  and  preantennal  belong 
to  the  primary  head  region.  The  preantennal  pair  is  to  be  con- 
sidered as  homologous  with  that  so-named  in  Scolopendra.  In 
Carausius  the  reduction  of  the  coelom  sacs  proceeds  from  behind 
forward.  The  second  maxillary  coelom  sacs  are  like  those  of 
the  thorax,  the  mandibular  are  reduced  to  their  ventral  parts. 
The  phylogenetically  oldest  secondary  head  segment  is,  there- 
fore, the  mandibuiar,  the  phylogenetically  youngest  is  the  second 
maxillary.  R.  WIESMANN  in  Leuzinger,  Wiesmann  and  Leh- 
mann :  Zur  Kenntniss  der  Anatomic  u.  Entwicklungsgeschichte 
cler  Stabheuschrecke  Carausius  inorosits  Br.  }ena,  Gustav 
Fischer,  1926,  pages  317-318. 


Additions  to  the  Index  to  Vol.  XLI,  1930. 

Under  Obituary  Notices,  insert  Rathvon,  S.  S.  234.  Under  Per- 
sonals, insert  Auxer,  S.  236.  Under  Coleoptera,  insert  Auxer  Collec- 
tion 236,  quadristriatus,  Trojiistcnnis  238,  Rathvon  Collection  199,  Raub 
Collection  236. 


List  of  the  Titles  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  Referred  to  by 

Numbers   in   Entomological    Literature 

in  Entomological  News. 


1.  Transactions   of   The   American    Entomological    Society.      Philadelphia. 

2.  Entomologische   Blatter,    red.  v.  H.  Eckstein    etc.      Berlin. 

3.  Annals  of  the   Carnegie  Museum.     Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

4.  Canadian   Entomologist.     London,    Canada. 

5.  Pysche,  A  Journal  of  Entomology.     Boston,   Mass. 

6.  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.     New  York. 

7.  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America.     Columbus,  Ohio. 

8.  Entomologists'   Monthly   Magazine.     London. 

9.  The  Entomologist.     London. 

10.  Proceedings  of  the  Ent.  Soc.  of  Washington.     Washington,  D.  C. 

11.  Deutsche  entomologische   Zeitschriit.      Berlin. 

12.  Journal  of   Economic   Entomology,   Geneva,   N.  Y. 

13.  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology.     Claremont,  Cal. 

14.  Entomologische    Zeitschrift.      Frankfurt    a.  M.,    Germany. 

15.  Natural  History,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.     New  York. 

16.  American  Journal  of   Science.     New  Haven,   Conn. 

17.  Entomologische    Rundschau.      Stuttgart,    Germany. 

18.  Internationale    entomologische    Zeitschrift.     Guben,    Germany. 

19.  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn   Entomological   Society.     Brooklyn,   N.  Y. 

20.  Societas  entomologica.     Stuttgart,   Germany. 

21.  The  Entomologists'   Record   and  Journal  of   Variation.      London. 

22.  Bulletin  of  Entomological  Research.     London. 

23.  Bollettino    del    Laboratorio     di     Zoologia    generale     e     agraria     della 

R.   Scuola   superiore   d'Agricultura   in   Portici.     Italy. 

24.  Annales  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

25.  Bulletin  de  la  societe  entomologique  de   France.     Paris. 

26.  Entomologischer    Anzeiger,   hersg.    Adolf    Hoffmann.      Wien,    Austria. 

27.  Bolletino  della  Societa  Entomologica.     Geneva,   Italy. 

28.  Ent.    Tidskrift   utgifen   af    Ent.   Foreningen   i    Stockholm.      Sweden. 

29.  Annual   Report  of  the   Ent.   Society  of   Ontario.     Toronto,   Canada. 

30.  The   Maine   Naturalist.     Thornaston,   Maine. 

31.  Nature.     London. 

32.  Boletim  do  Museu  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janiero.     Brazil. 

33.  Bull,  et  Annales  de  la  Societe  entomologique  de  Belgique.     Bruxelles. 

34.  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  hrsg.  v.   E.  Korschelt.     Leipzig. 

35.  The   Annals   of    Applied    Biology.     Cambridge,    England. 

36.  Transactions   of  the   Entomological   Society   of   London.     England. 

37.  Proceedings   of    the    Hawaiian    Entomological    Society.     Honolulu. 

38.  Bull,  of  the  Southern  California  Academy  of   Sciences.     Los  Angeles. 

39.  The  Florida  Entomologist.     Gainesville,   Fla. 

40.  American   Museum    Novitales.      New   York. 

41.  Mitteilungen  der  schweiz.  ent.  Gesellschaft.     Schaffhausen,  Switzerland. 

42.  The   Journal    of    Experimental   Zoology.      Philadelphia. 

43.  Ohio   Journal  of   Sciences.     Columbus,    Ohio. 

44.  Revista   chilena   de   historia   natural.     Valparaiso,    Chile. 

45.  Zeitschrift    fur    \vissenschaftliche    Tnsektenbiologie.     Berlin. 

46.  Zeitschrift  fiir  Morphologic  und  Okologie  der  Ticre.     Berlin. 

47.  Journal  of  Agricultural   Research.      Washington,   D.    C. 

48.  Wiener  entomologische  Zeitung.     Wien,   Austria. 

49.  Entomologische   Mitteilungen.     Berlin. 

50.  Proceedings   of   the   U.   S.   National    Museum.     Washington,    D.   C. 

51.  Notulae  entomologicae,  ed.  Soc.  ent.  helsingfors.    Helsingfors,  Finland. 

52.  Archiv   fiir    Naturgeschichte,   hrsg.  v.  K.  Strand.     Berlin. 


53.  Quarterly  Journal  of   Microscopical   Science.     London. 

54.  Annales  de  Parasitologie  Humaine  et  Comparee.     Paris. 

55.  Pan-Pacific   Entomologist.     San    Francisco,   Cal. 

56.  "Konowia".     Zeit.    fur    systematische    Insektenkunde.      Wien,    Austria. 

57.  La  Feuille  des  Naturalistes.     Paris. 

58.  Entomologische  Berichten.    Nederlandsche  ent.   Ver.     Amsterdam. 

59.  Encyclopedic  entomologique,  ed.  P.  Lechevalier.     Paris. 

60.  Stettiner   entomologische   Zeitung.     Stettin,   Germany. 

61.  Proceedings  of   the   California   Academy  of   Sciences.     San   Francisco. 

62.  Bulletin  of  the  American  Museum  of   Natural  History.     New  York. 

63.  Deutsche  entomologische  Zeitschrift   "Iris".     Berlin. 

64.  Zeitschrift  des   osterr.   entomologen-Vereines.     Wien. 

65.  Zeitschrift  fiir  angewandte  Entomologie,  hrsg.  K.   Escherich.     Berlin. 

66.  Report  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Meeting.     Pusa,  India. 

67.  University  of  California  Publications,  Entomology.     Berkeley,  Cal. 

68.  Science.     New  York. 

69.  Comptes  rendus  hebdoma.  des  seances  de  1'Academie  des  sciences.  Paris. 

70.  Entomologica  Americana,  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn. 

71.  Novitates  Zoologicae.     Tring,  England. 

72.  Revue  russe  d'Entomologie.     Leningrad,  USSR. 

73.  Quarterly   Review  of   Biology.     Baltimore,   Maryland. 

74.  Sbornik  entomolog.  narodniho  musea  v  Praze.    Prague,  Czechoslavokia. 

75.  Annals  and   Magazine  of   Natural   History.     London. 

76.  The    Scientific    Monthly.     New    York. 

77.  Comptes  rendus  heb.  des  seances  et  memo,  de  la  soc.  de  biologic.  Paris. 

78.  Bulletin   Biologique  de  la  France  et  de  la  Belgique.     Parrs. 

79.  Koleopterologische  Rundschau.     Wien. 

80.  Lepidopterologische   Rundschau,   hrsg.   Adolf   Hoffmann.     Wien. 

81.  Folia  myrmecol.  et  termitol.  hrsg.  Anton  Krausse.     Bernau  bei  Berlin. 

82.  Bulletin,  Division  of  the  Natural  History  Survey.     Urbana,  Illinois. 

83.  Arkiv   for   zoologie,   K.   Svenska   Vetenskapsakademien   i.      Stockholm. 

84.  Ecology.     Brooklyn. 

85.  Genetics.     Princeton,   New  Jersey. 

86.  Zoologica,  New  York  Zoological  Society.     New  York. 

87.  Archiv  fiir  Entwicklungs  mechanik  der  Organ.,  hrsg.  v.  Roux.     Leipzig. 

88.  Die  Naturwissenschaf  ten,  hrsg.  A.  Berliner.     Berlin. 

89.  Zoologische   Jahrbiicher,    hrsg.  v.  Spengel.     Jena,    Germany. 

90.  The  American  Naturalist.     Garrison-on-Hudson,  New  York. 

91.  Journal  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.     Washington,  D.  C. 

92.  Biological  Bulletin.     Wood's  Hole,  Massachusetts. 

93.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London.     England. 

94.  Zeitschrift   fiir  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.     Leipzig. 

95.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Soc.  of  Washington,    Washington,  D.  C. 

96.  La  Cellule.     Lierre,  Belgium. 

Q7.  Biologisches    Zentralblatt.     Leipzig. 

98.  Le  Naturaliste  Canadien.     Cap  Rouge,   Chicoutimi,   Quebec. 

99.  Melanges  exotico-entomologiques.  Par  Maurice  Pic.     Moulins,   France. 

100.  Bulletin    Intern.,    Academic    Polonaise    des    Sci.    et    des    Lett.    Cra- 

covie,   Poland. 

101.  Tijdschrift      voor      entomologie,       Nederlandsche       Entomol.       Ver., 

Amsterdam. 

102.  Entomologiske   Meddelelser,   Entomologisk   Forening,    Copenhagen. 

103.  Journal    of    the    Kansas    Entomological    Society,    Lawrence,    Kansas. 

104.  Revista  de  la  Sociedad  entomologica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  29 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA  S.  MACKEY  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF 

E.  T.  CRESSOX,  JU. 

Under  the  above  head  ii  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Anu-ri< -as  (Xnrih  and  .South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers.-  within  brackets  I  1  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in  the  January  and  June 
numbers  (or  which  may  be  secured  from  the  publisher  of  Entomological 
News  for  lOc),  in  which  the  paper  appeared.  The  number  of,  or  annual 
volume,  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  ) 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology- sge  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

jj]f*Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers    published    in   the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Dimmock,  G.— Obituary.  By  J.  H.  Emer- 
ton.  [5]  37:  299.  ill.  Enderlein,  G.— Parallelisms  der  erfah- 
rungen  in  der  belebten  Natur.  [Ent.  Jahrb.,  Krancher]  40: 
79-80,  ill.  Fulda,  O.— Eine  plauderei.  [18]  24:  321-326. 
Howard,  L.  O. — A  history  of  applied  entomology.  (Some- 
what Anecdotal).  [Smiths'.  Misc.  Coll.]  84:  564  pp*.  ill.  Lay, 
G.  W.— The  language  of  scientists.  [68]  72:  567-569.  Nom- 
enclator  animalium  generum  et  subgenerum.  Hrsg.  Schulze, 
Kukenthal,  Heider  &  Hesse.  Bd.  3.  Hyetu-Lauxanacanthis. 
Berlin,  pp.  1619-1778.  Reed,  A.  C. — Animal  parasites  of  man 
and  their  control.  [68]  72 :  611-620.  Roy,  E.— L'etude  des 
insectes.  [98]  57:  209-220.  Shaw,  E.  L.— Insects  from  Lac- 
tuca  stems.  [n|  38:  463-468.  Snodgrass,  R.  E. — How  insects 
fly.  [Smiths.  Report]  1929:  383-421,  ill.  Swett,  L.  W.- 
Obituary.  By  C.  W.  Johnson.  [5]  37:  301,  ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC. -- deLepiney,  J. - 
Note  preliminaire  sur  K-  role  de  la  vision  ocellaire  dans  le 
comportement  des  chenilles  de  Lymantria  dispar.  |  Bull.  Soc. 
Zool.,  France]  53:  479-490.  ill.  Dieuzeide,  R. — Contribution 
a  1'etude  des  Xeoplasmes  vegetaux  le  role  des  pucerons  en 
phytopathologie.  (Act.  Soc.  Linne.,  I'.ordeaux]  81:  160pp., 
ill.  Eastham,  L.  E.  S. — The  embryology  of  1'irri-  rapae- 
organogeny.  [Philo.  Trans.  R.  Soc.  London]  219,  <  I1- )  :  50 
pp..  ill.  Hovasse,  R.  -  -  Marchalina  hellenica  I  <  lennadius  ) . 
Kss.-ii  de  monogra])hie  d'une  Corhenille.  |78|  (4:  389-449, 
ill.  Lespes,  Regnier  &  Rungs. — Contribution  ;\  IVtudr  des 
phases  chez  le  criquet  pelerin,  Schistocerca  gregaria).  [(>('| 


30  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jan.,   '31 

191 :  874-878.  Marcu,  O. — Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  cler  striclu- 
lations-organe  von  Prionus  coriarius.  [34]  92:  65-66,  ill. 
Marcus,  B.  A. — Untersuchungen  ueber  die  Malpighischen 
gefasse  bei  kafern.  [46]  19:  609-677,  ill.  Napier,  L.  E.— The 
artificial  feeding  of  Sandflies.  [Indian  Jour.  Med.  Res.]  18: 
699-706,  ill.  Rabaud,  E. — L'instinct  maternel  des  araignees. 
[Bull.  Soc.  Zool.,  France]  53:  204-210.  Rabaud,  E.  -  -  Le 
stationnemont  de  1'argiope  fasciee  (Argiope  bruennichi). 
[69]  191  :  878-880.  Shull,  F.— Control  of  gamic  and  parthe- 
nogenetic  reproduction  in  winged  aphids  by  temperature 
and  light.  [Zeit.  Induk.  Abstam.  u.  Vererbung.,  Berlin]  55: 
108-126.  Staercke,  A. — Ein  neues  formicarium.  [34]  92: 
152-155,  ill.  Sweetman,  H.  L. — The  external  morphology 
of  the  Mexican  bean  beetle,  Epilachna  corrupta  (Coccinelli- 
dae).  [6]  38:  423-452,  ill.  Tanner,  M.  L.— Plant  lice  pump- 
ing in  unison.  [68]  72:  560.  Timon-David,  J. — Recherches 
sur  les  matieres  grasses  des  insectes.  [Ann.  Fac.  Sci.,  Mar- 
seille] 4:  29-207,  ill.  Toumanoff,  K.— Notes  sur  le  gynan- 
dromorphisme  chez  Carausius  (Dixippus)  morosus.  [Bull. 
Soc.  Zool.  France]  528-544,  ill.  Toumanoff  &  Veretenni- 
koff. — Resultats  preliminaires  d'experiences  d'irradiation 
par  les  rayons  x  sur  Carausius  (Dixippus)  morosus.  [78]  64: 
495-510,  ill.  Trojan,  E. — Die  dufoursche  druse  bei  Apis 
mellifica.  [46]  19:  678-685,  ill.  Tulloch,  G.  S— Thoracic 
modifications  accompanying  the  development  of  subaptery 
and  aptery  in  the  genus  Monomorium.  [5]  37:  202-206,  ill. 
Weiss,  G. — Sur  certaines  conditions  de  mort  et  de  chez  les 
abeilles  et  chez  d'autres  insectes  en  captivite.  Sur  les 
echanges  gazeux  des  abeilles.  [77]  105:  571-573;  574-576. 
Welsh,  J.  H. — Reversal  of  phototrotism  in  a  parasitic  water 
mite.  [92]  59:  165-169. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— *Jacot,  A.  P.- 
Oribatid  mites  of  the  subfamily  Phthiracarinae  of  the  north- 
eastern United  States.  [Pro.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.]  39: 
209-261,  ill.  *Marshall,  R.— Hydracarina  from  Glacier 
National  Park.  [Trans.  American  Micro.  Soc.]  49:  342-344, 
ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— *Banks,  N. 
-New  neuropteroid  insects  from  the  United  States.  [5] 
37:  223-233,  ill.  *Ewing,  H.  E.— Six  new  species  of  Mallo- 
phaga.  [10]  32:  117-123,  ill.  Light,  S.  F.— The  California 
species  of  the  genus  Amitermes  silvestri.  (Isoptera).  [67] 
5:  173-214,  ill.  Light,  S.  F.— The  Mexican  species  of  Ami- 
termes silvestri  (Isoptera).  [67]  5:  215-232,  ill.  Martynov, 
A.  V. — The  interpretation  of  the  wing  venation  and  truchea- 
tion  of  the  Odonata  and  Agnatha.  [5]  37:  245-280. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  31 

ORTHOPTERA.— Johnson,  C.  W.— The  walking-stick, 
Monomera  blatchleyi  race  atlantica  in  eastern  Massachu- 
setts. [5]  37:  285. 

HEMIPTERA.— Pack  &  Knowlton.— Notes  on  Utah 
Hemiptera.  [4]  62:  248-250.  *Pickles,  A. — Leocomia  cin- 
chonae,  sp.  n.,  a  new  Ceropid  from  Jamaica.  [75]  6:  586-589, 
ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Allen  &  Lott.— Epiblema  strenuana, 
the  host  of  certain  parasites  of  the  oriental  fruit  moth,  Las- 
peyresia  molesta.  [10]  32:  135-136.  *Bell,  E.  L.— Descrip- 
tions of  new  South  American  Hesperiidae.  [6]  38:  455-4(>!>. 
ill.  Cook,  W.  C. — An  ecologically  annotated  list  of  the 
Phalaenidae  of  Montana.  [4]  62:  257-264,  cont.  Eidmann, 
H. — Ueber  den  taxonomischen  wert  des  weiblichen  genital- 
apparates  lepidopteren.  [34]  92:  113-122,  ill.  Ford,  L.  T- 
Notes  on  some  broods  of  polymorphic  Lepidoptera.  [9]  63 : 
258.  Jordan,  K.- — 'Description  of  new  Sphingidae  and  re- 
marks on  some  others.  (S).  [71]  36:  149,  ill.  Luck,  R. — Die 
variabilitat  von  Heliconius  thelxiope  in  Franz.  Guyana.  [18| 
24 :  337-341 .  Peter  Wynne,  A.  S.  B.  F— Moths  destroyed  by- 
bats.  [9]  63:  256.  Schmith,  K. — Die  Brassoliden  des  muni- 
cips  Joinville  im  staate  Sta.  Catharina,  Stidbrasilien.  [Ent. 
Jahrb..  Krancher]  40:  150-153. 

DIPTERA.— Aldrich,  J.  M.— Notes  on  the  types  of  Amer- 
ican two-winged  flies  of  the  genus  Sarcophaga  and  a  few 
related  forms  described  by  the  early  authors.  [50]  78,  Art. 
12:  39pp.,  ill.  (S).  Barnes,  H.  F. — On  some  factors  gov- 
erning the  emergence  of  gall  midges  (Cecidomyidae).  [93] 
1930:  381-393,  ill.  *Bau,  A.— Die  ausbeute  der  deutschen 
Chaco-Expedition  1925-26.  Diptera.  XX.  Pupipara.  (S).  [5<>| 
9:  209-213,  ill.  Bequaert,  J. — Notes  on  American  Nemestrini- 
dae.  [5]  37:  286-297.  *Curran,  C.  H.— A  new  tachinid  para- 
sitic on  a  sawfly.  [4]  62:  246-247.  Dolley,  W.  L.— An  ento- 
mological sheep  in  wolf's  clothing.  [Enax  tenax]  [76]  1930: 
508-516,  ill.  Duncan,  F.  N. — Some  observations  on  the 
biology  of  the  male  Drosphila  melanogaster.  [90]  64:  545- 
551,  ill.  Hoffman,  C.  C. — La  distribution  geograiica  de  los 
mosquitos  Anopheles  en  el  estado  de  Veracruz.  |  Dept.  Salu- 
brid  Publica,  Mexico]  1929:  76pp.,  ill.  Hoffmann,  C.  C. 
Los  mosquitos  Anopheles  transmisores  del  paludismo  en  el 
valle  de  Mexico.  [Bol.  Dept.  Salubrid  Publica,  Mexico] 
1929:  16  pp.  Johnson,  C.  W. — A  bot  fly  from  the  white- 
footed  mouse.  |5|  37:  283-284.  *Lengersdorf,  F.-  XVue 
Sciara  (Lycoria)-arten  des  ZoologiM'hen  Museums  in  Ham- 
burg aus  Horueo  und  Kostarika.  [34]  92:  123-130,  ill.  Philip, 
C.  B. — Supplemental  note  regarding  mosquito  vectors  of 
experimental  yellow  fever.  [68]  72:  578.  Tulloch,  G.  S. 
A  key  to  the  biting  mosquitoes  of  New  England.  [5]  37: 


32  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,  '31 

234-244,  ill.     Wentworth,  C.  K. — Mosquitoes  versus   Culi- 
cidae.  [68]  72:  579-580. 

COLEOPTERA.— *Chapin,  E.  A.— New  Coccinellidae 
from  the  West  Indies.  [91]  20:  488-495.  *Chittenden,  F.  H. 
-New  species  of  North  American  weevils  of  the  genus  Lix- 
us.  [50]  7,  Art.  18:  26pp.,  ill.  Chittenden,  P.""  H.— New 
species  of  North  American  weevils  of  the  genus  Lixus.  [50] 
77,  Art.  18;  26pp..  ill.  Collett,  H.  R.  P.— The  burying  of 
carrion  by  Coleoptera.  [8]  66:  257-258.  von  Dalla  Torre  & 
Hustache. — Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  113.  Curculioni- 
dae:  Ceuthorrhynchinae.  150pp.  Daviault,  L. — Sur  les 
variations  des  coccinelles  du  genre  Adalia.  [98]  57:  221-224. 
*Fall,  H.  C. — New  Coleoptera  XIV,  with  notes  on  known 
species.  [4]  62:  251-257.  *Fisher,  W.  S.— New  West  Indian 
Buprestidae.  [10]  32:  125-129.  *Fleutiaux,  M.  E.— Descrip- 
tion d'un  Melaside  nouveau  de  la  collection  du  Museum 
National  d'Histoire  Naturelle  de  Paris.  (S).  [Bull.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.  Nat.,  Paris]  2:  410-411.  *Funkhouser,  W.  D.- 
New  genera  and  species  of  neotropical  Membracidae.  [6] 
38:  405-420,  ill.  *Pic,  M.  M.— Dascillides  et  Helodides 
nouveaux.  (S).  [Bull.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Nat.,  Paris]  2:  271- 
273.  St.  George,  R.  A. — The  discovery  of  what  is  possibly 
the  larva  of  an  introduced  tenebrionid,  Leichenum  variega- 
tum.  [10]  32:  122-123,  ill.  Williams,  B.  S.— A  new  method 
of  capturing  Coleoptera  in  flight.  [8]  66:  253-255. 

HYMENOPTERA.— *Benson,  R.  B.— Sawflies  collected 
by  the  Oxford  University  Expedition  to  British  Guiana, 
1929.  [75]  6:  620-621.  '  Claude-Joseph,  F.— Recherches 
biologiques  sur  les  friedateurs  du  Chile.  [Ann.  Sci.  Nat., 
Paris,  Zool.]  (10)  13:  235-354,  ill.  Constantineanu,  M.  J.- 
Quelques  anomalies  chez  les  Ichneunumides.  [Bull.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.  Nat.,  Paris]  2:  557-563,  ill.  Hoffmann,  F.— Ueber 
bienenzucht  im  tieflande  Brasiliens,  bzw.  in  Jaragua.  [Ent. 
Jahrb.,  Krancher]  40:  183.  Johnson,  C.  W. — On  the  varia- 
tion and  abundance  of  Sirex  nitidus.  [5]  37:  281-282.  *Mal- 
loch  &  Rohwer. — New  forms  of  sphecoid  wasps  of  the  genns 
Didineis.  [50]  77,  Art.  14:7 pp.,  ill.  Schmiedeknecht,'  O.- 
Opuscula  Ichneumonologica.  Suppl.  Bd.,  Fasc.  9,  Platyla- 
bus,  Cryptinae,  pp.  5-28.  *Swenk,  M.  H. — A  new  bee  of  the 
genus  Colletes  from  Panama.  [5j  37:  219-222.  Vandel,  A.— 
La  production  d'intercastes  chez  la  fourmi  Pheidole  pallid- 
ula  sous  1'action  de  parasites  du  genre  Mermis.  [  "S  |  (>4: 
457-494,  ill.  *Whittaker,  O.— Eight  new  species  of  Ser- 
phoidea  from  British  Columbia.  [10]  32:  129-135.  Willem, 
V. — L'Architecture  des  abeilles.  [Hull.  Cl.  Sci.  Acacl.  R. 
Belg.]  (5)  16:893-906,  ill. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  December,  1930,  was  mailed  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Post  Office  December  2<>,  1930. 


Subscriptions  for  1931  are  now  payable. 

FEBRUARY.  1931 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLII 


No.  2 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 


CONTENTS 

Rehn — On    Melanoplus    borealis   in   Northern    Labrador   (Orthoptera, 

Acrididae) 33 

Cole — Typha  Insects  and  their  Parasites 35 

Knowlton — Notes  on  Utah  Heteroptera  and  Homoptera 40 

Brower — Recapture  of   Marked   Cutworm   Moths   in   a    Trap    Lantern 

(Lep.  :  Noctuidae) 44 

Williamson — Common  Names  for  Dragonflies  (Odonata) 46 

Carruth — The  Meloidae  of  South  Dakota  (Coleoptera) 50 

Ochs — Relationships  of  the  Gyrinidae  (Coleoptera) 55 

Editorial — Entomology  at  the  Convocation  Week  Meetings 5<i 

Entomological  Literature 59 

Williamson — Archilestes  grandis   (Ramb.)    in  Ohio   (Odonata:    Agri- 

onidae) 63 

Cotterman — Archilestes  in  Ohio  (Odonata,  Agrionidae) Ii4 


PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January  15,  1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 

Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder,Ph.D., 

Associate   Editors ;   John   C.   Lutz,   Business   Manager. 
Advisory   Committee:     Philip  Laurent,  J.   A.  G  Rehn,    Chas.   Liebeck,  J. 

Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 

Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions         .        .      $3.00 
Canada,  Central  and  South  America      .        3.15 

Foreign 3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue.  1  in..  $  1.20.  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  8.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  70.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  the  numbers  will  be  furnished  only  at  the  regular  rate  for  single 
copies.  Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  exyense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
ti^n,  without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted ;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 

Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numbers 
of  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLII.  FEBRUARY,   1931  No.  2 


On  Melanoplus  borealis  in  Northern  Labrador 
(Orthop. :  Acrididae). 

By  JAMES  A.  G.  RE  LIN,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 

Philadelphia. 

My  friend  Dr.  Samuel  C.  Palmer,  of  Swarthmore  College, 
while  a  member  of  the  Bowdoin-Baffinland  Expedition  of  1929, 
made  a  special  effort  to  secure  specimens  of  any  Orthoptera 
encountered  in  the  course  of  the  botanical  work  on  which  he 
was  engaged  in  northern  Labrador  and  southern  Baffinland. 
On  his  return  he  placed  a  small  but  interesting  series  in  my 
hands,  and  I  am  able  to  state  it  represents  adults  and  imma- 
ture individuals  of  the  boreal  Melanoplus  borealis  (Fieber), 
which  has  been  recorded  from  Greenland,  Hudson  Bay  and 
various  localities  in  Labrador,  as  well  as  from  Alaska  and 
many  other  localities  more  to  the  southward  of  these  areas. 
Dr.  Palmer,  at  my  request,  has  kindly  supplied  the  following 
information  on  the  occurrence  of  the  species  in  the  areas 
studied : 

"The  grasshoppers  in  this  lot  consist  of  a  few  specimens 
collected  by  myself  on  the  Bowdoin-Baffinland  Expedition  of 
1929  under  Captain  D.  B.  MacMillan,  with  whom  I  went  as 
botanist.  The  expedition  occupied  three  months,  much  of  which 
time  was  spent  in  getting  to  and  back  again  from  this  northern 
region.  Several  efforts  were  made  to  secure  grasshopper  speci- 
mens but  these  were  largely  unsuccessful.  On  the  north  shore 
of  Frobisher  Bay  in  Baffinland  there  were  many  grass-covered, 
well- watered  expanses,  where  grasshoppers  could  easily  feed. 
I  searched  a  number  of  these  areas  but  did  not  see  a  single 
grasshopper.  We  were  here  from  August  19th  to  August  24th. 
Flowers  were  in  bloom  in  these  meadows  and  the  grass  was 
fresh  and  green,  indicating  that  the  weather  conditions  were 
probably  as  good  as  they  would  probably  be  at  any  time.  On 

33 


34  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

August  22nd  we  moved  to  the  south  shore  of  Frobisher  Bay,  and 
came  to  anchor  at  the  base  of  a  glacier  which  we  called  MacMil- 
lan  Glacier.  On  the  next  day  we  proceeded  out  the  bay  to  a 
point  where  a  stream  drained  a  valley  which  divided  the  Grin- 
nell  Ice  Cap.  At  the  outlet  of  this  stream  there  was  a  great 
overwash  plain  of  glacial  material.  The  top  of  this  plain  was 
very  level,  several  acres  in  extent  and  was  quite  grassy.  Sev- 
eral species  of  arctic  butterflies  were  abundant,  but  I  could  not 
find  any  grasshoppers. 

"On  our  return  to  Labrador  we  anchored  in  a  narrow  fiord 
on  Cape  Mugford.  We  came  into  this  haven  out  of  a  fog- 
bound sea  on  August  27th.  On  both  sides  rose  high  hills  to 
about  1,000  feet.  There  were  extensive  talus  slopes  around 
the  bases  of  these  mountains  and  they  spread  out  into  grassy 
meadows  as  they  neared  the  sea.  Here  I  found  a  very  few 
nymphal  specimens  of  Mclanoplus  borcalis.  They  were  very 
inactive  and  easily  caught  by  hand.  Other  insects  were  quite 
abundant  and  I  caught  several. 

"Our  next  stop  where  an  opportunity  was  offered  to  collect 
was  at  Nain  on  August  31st.  There  are  numerous  grassy  places 
about  this  town,  and  two  small  streams  poured  their  icy  waters 
into  the  bay.  Along  the  open  slopes  between  these  two  streams 
I  found  a  number  of  adult  and  nymph  forms  which  at  the  time 
I  thought  were  of  two  species,  but  which  later  proved  to  be 
but  one.  Along  the  grassy  banks  of  the  streams  I  had  hoped 
to  find  more  but  was  disappointed.  The  insects  apparently 
preferred  the  warmer  open  gently  sloping  hillsides. 

"On  our  way  north  I  did  not  see  any  grasshoppers.  The 
hillsides  still  held  large  patches  of  snow  and  the  nights  were 
cool.  On  our  return  in  late  August  the  snow  had  all  dis- 
appeared, and  the  warming  sun  had  been  strong  enough  to  make 
existence  possible  for  these  few  grasshoppers  for  a  short  time' 
in  late  summer." 

The  Cape  Mugford  specimens  number  five,  and  consist  of 
one  immature  male  and  four  immature  females  representing 
the  two  instars  preceding  maturity.  Those  from  Nain  number 
twenty-four,  and  comprise  six  adult  males,  ten  adult  females, 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 

two  immature  males  and  six  immature  females.  The  Nain 
immature  specimens  are  all  in  the  instar  preceding  maturity 
except  a  single  female  in  the  next  preceding  one. 

All  the  adult  individuals  have  well  developed  tegmina,  and 
in  size  are  similar  to  material  of  the  species  in  hand  from  Prince 
Edward  Island,  the  Province  of  Quebec  (Bic),  northern 
Indiana  (Fulton  and  Marshall  Counties),  northern  Michigan 
(Pequaming),  and  Field,  British  Columbia,  but  appreciably 
smaller  than  specimens  from  a  number  of  the  Magdalen  Islands 
and  Isle  Royale  in  Lake  Superior.  The  material  collected  was 
presented  by  Dr.  Palmer  to  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia. 

While  the  species  has  been  reported  from  Xain,  Rama  and 
some  other  Labrador  localities,  it  is  desirable  to  place  on  record 
all  possible  habitat  information  bearing  on  the  life  of  infre- 
quently studied  arctic  environments. 


Typha  Insects  and  their  Parasites. 

By  A.  C.  COLE,  JR. 

Ohio  State  University,  Columbus. 

(Continued  from  page  11) 

DIPTERA  &  PARASITES. 

(30)  PLATYCHIRUS   QUADRATUS   Say.     Four  larvae  of  this 
species  were  collected  at  Monroe,  Michigan,  on  June  19,  1927. 
All  of  them  pupated  on  June  27  and  three  emerged  on  July  3, 
1927.     They  were  reared  from  overwintering  heads  of  Typlia 
la  ti folia. 

(31)  CHAETOPSIS  AENEA  Will.     Numerous  individuals  were 
collected   in  the  larval   stage   in   all   localities   previously  men- 
tioned.    The  larvae  were  found  in  the  moist  portion  of  Typha 
latifoUa  stalks,  usually  in  the  bilrrows  of  Lepidopterous  feeders. 
The  adults  were  determined  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich. 

(32)  MACROSARGUS  CLAVIS  Wried.     Three  larvae  were  col- 
lected  from   leaves   of    1'ypha   lati  folia   at    Monroe,    Michigan, 
July  31,  1927.     From  additional  larvae  two  species  of  parasites 

•  were  reared:  (33)  Dianlinus  pulchripcs  Cwfd.,  determined  by 
A.  B.  Gahan,  and  (34)  Tiimidiscapus  sp.,  determined  by  A.  B, 
Cushman, 


36  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

(35)  DROSOPHILA   sp.     One   female  emerged   from  a   stalk 
'of  Typha  latifolia-  at  Monroe,  Michigan,  on  July  31,  1927.   The 

specimen  was  determined  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich. 

(36)  ELACHIPTERA  NIGRICEPS  Loew.     Two  adults  emerged 
from  a  stalk  of  Typha  latifolia  at  Monroe,  Michigan,  on  August 
6,  1927.    These  specimens  were  determined  by  Dr.  C.  T.  Greene. 

(37)  CORODONTA  DORSALIS  Lw.     Seven  adults  were  reared 
from   larvae   in    Typha   latifolia    stalks   at    Monroe,    Michigan. 
Three  specimens  were  determined  by  Dr.  C.  T.  Greene.     One 
parasitized  larva  was  collected  on  the  same  date   from  which 
emerged  three  undeterminable  Chalcids  on  August  17,  1927. 

(38)  APHIOCHAETA    CHAETONEURA    Mall.      One    specimen 
was  reared  from  a  larva  collected  from  a  tunnel  of  Archanara 
subcarnca  Kell.,  at  Monroe,  Michigan,  on  August  16,  1928. 

COLEOPTERA. 

(39)  CALENDRA  PERTINAX  Oliv.     The  larvae  of  this  insect 
bore  in  the  stalk  on  or  near  the  surface  of  the  ground.     Three 
specimens  were  reared  from  TypJia  latifolia  at  Monroe,  Michi- 
gan on  July  6,  1927. 

(40)  MONONYCHUS  VULPECULUS  Fab.     Larvae  of  this  spe- 
cies  were   found   feeding  on  the  heads   of    Typha   latifolia  at 
Monroe,  Michigan,  on  July  12,  1927.     The  adults  were  deter- 
mined by  Dr.  E.  A.  Chapin. 

(41)  PARIA  CANELLA  var.  ATERIMA  Oliv.     The  larvae  were 
found  in  the  leaf-sheaths  of  Typha  latifolia  at  Monroe,  Michi- 
gan, on  May  26,  1928.     Three  individuals,  two  males  and  one 
female,  were  determined  by  Dr.  E.  A.  Chapin. 

(42)  NOTARIS  PUNCTICOLLIS  Lee.     This  insect  is   reported 
by  W.  A.  Hoffman  (1915)  as  burrowing  in  the  stems  of  Typha 
latifolia.     "The  burrow  appears  very  much  the  same  as  that  of 
Calcndra  pcrtiua.r  Oliv."    (Claassen).     One  adult  was  reared 
at  Monroe,  Michigan,  on  September  2,  1928. 

HYMENOPTERA. 

(43)  EURYTOMA  BICOLOR  Walsh.     The  larvae  of  this  insect 
were  found  in  galls  in  the  stems  of  dry,  overwintered  Typha 
latifolia.     The  larvae  were  collected  at  Monroe,  Michigan,  on 
April  23,  1927,  pupated  by  April  26,  and  emerged  by  August  7. 

Fresh  stalks  of  Typha  at  various  localities  near  Monroe  were 
examined  in  June,  July,  August,  and  September  of  the  same 
year  and  no  trace  of  the  insect  was  found  in  the  new  growth. 
It  seems  that  they  are  either  periodical  or  that  they  have  an 
alternate  host. 

Specimens  of  this  insect  were  determined  by  Dr.  A.  B. 
Gahan. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XEWS 

HEMIPTERA. 

(44)  ISCHNORHYXCHUS  RESEDAE  Panz.     Specimens  of  this 
insect  were  collected  at  Monroe,  Michigan,  (1927)  in  the  3rd, 
4th,  and  5th  nymphal  stages,  being  more  abundant  however,  in 
the  third.     They  were  taken  from  the  moist  petioles  of  TyfrJia 
hit  i  folia. 

(45)  SIPHOCORYNE  NYMPHACAE  Linn.     Reported  by  Claas- 
sen.     These   insects   are   found   on   the   surface   of   the   leaves 
from  the  sheath  to  the  tip  of  the  leaf. 

(46)  APHIS    AVENAE    Fab.      Reported    by    Claassen.      This 
species    is    found    "behind   the    sheaths   of    the    leaves,    in   the 
gelatinous  material  below  the  surface  of  the  water  in  which  the 
plants  are  growing." 

(47)  RHOPALOSIPHUM  DIAXTHI  Schrank.     Reported  on  cat- 
tail by  Sanborn  (1906). 

(48)  RHOPALOSIPHUM    PERSICAE    Sulz.      Reported    on    T. 
latifolia  and  angustifolia  by  Wilson  and  Vickery  (1918). 

(49)  APHIS   GOSSYPII   Glov.      Reported   on   T\pha  latifolia 
by  Davidson  (1917)   (8). 

(50)  MACROSIPHUM     GRANARIUM     Kirby.       Reported     by 
Davidson    (1917). 

(51)  HYALOPTERUS  ARUNDINIS  Fab.     Reported  by  David- 
son  (1917). 

ORTHOPTERA  AND  PARASITES. 

(52)  CONOCEPHALUS  sp.     Several  specimens  were  collected 
in  the  egg  stage  at   Monroe,   Michigan    (1927-1928)    in  over- 
wintering stalks  of  Typha  latifolia.    They  were  found  imbedded 
between  the  pith  and  the  epidermis  of  the  stalk.     Three  adults 
were  determined  by  A.  N.  Caudell.     Two  species  of  parasites 
emerged  from  eggs:  (53)  Macroteleia  sp.,  and  (54)   Titinidis- 
capus  sp.,  both  determined  by  Dr.  A.  B.  Gahan. 

(55)  CONOCEPHALUS  sp.  Similar  to  the  above  but  with  egg 
deposition  restricted  to  certain  areas  of  the  stalk. 

THYSANOPTERA. 

.(56)  THRIPSAPHIS  BALLII  Gill.  Adults  were  collected  from 
moist  petioles  of  Typha  latifolia  at  Monroe,  Michigan,  on  July 
24,  1927,  and  were  determined  by  P.  \Y.  Mason. 

Insects  infesting  Typha  may  be  classified  according  to  their 
location  in  the  various  areas  of  the  plant  itself.  Such  a  clas>i- 
fication  follows.  The  number  following  each  name  is  that 
under  which  it  appears  in  the  preceding  list. 


38  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

INSECTS  INFESTING  THE  ROOTS. 
Calcndra  pertinax  Oliv.  (39).    Notaris  puncticollis  Lee.  (42). 

INSECTS  INFESTING  THE  STEMS. 

Coleophora  sp.  (16).  Corodonta  dorsalis  Lw.   (37). 

Nonagria  oblonga  Grote.  (17).     Aphiochacta  chactoncura 
Caooecia  rosaceana  Harr.  Mall.   (38). 

Archanarasubcarnea~K.G\l.(2Q')     Calcndra  pertinax  Oliv.   (39). 

(25).  Notaris  puncticollis  Lee.  (42). 

Clmetopsis  aenea  Wied.   (31).     Eurytoma  bicolor  Walsh. 
Drosophila  sp.   (35).  (43). 

Elachiptcra  nigriceps  Loew.        Conocephalus  sp.   (52). 

(36).  Conoccphalus  sp.  (55). 

INSECTS  INFESTING  THE  LEAVES. 

Arsilonche   albovenosa   Goeze.  Siphocoryne  nymphaeac  Linn. 

(1).  (45)." 

Apatcla  oblinta  A.  &  S.   (9).  Aphis  avcnac  Fab.   (46). 

Nonagria  sub flava  Grote.  (19).  Rhopaolasiphum  diantJii 

Unidentified  Lepidopteron  Schrank  (47). 

(26).  Rhopalosiphum  pcrsicae 

Macrosargus  clams  Wied.  Sulz.  (48). 

(32).  Aphis  gossypii  Glov.  (49). 

Paria  canella  var.  atterhna  Macrosiphum  granarium 

Oliv.    (41).  Kirby  (50). 

Ischnorhynchus  resedac  Panz.  Hyalopterus  arundinis  Fab. 

(44).  (51), 

Thripsaphis  ballii  Gill.   (56). 

INSECTS  INFESTING  THE  HEADS. 
Endothacnia  hcbcsana  Wlk.        Dicymolomia  julfanalis  Walk. 

(12).  (29). 

Lymnaccia   phragmitdla  Platychirus  quadratus  Say 

Staint.   (14).  "  (30). 

Bactra  maiorina  Hein.   (24).      Mononychus  vulpeculus  Fab. 
Archips  obsoletana  Walk.  (40). 

(28). 

INSECT  PARASITES. 

o'Blacus  sp.  (2)  ex  Arsilonche  albovenosa  Goeze. 
'Microbracon  sp.  (3)  ex  Arsilonche  albovenosa  Goeze. 
Macrocentrus  ancylivora  Rob.    (4)    ex  Arsilonche  albovenosa 

Goeze. 
Pinipla   inquisitorieUa    D.    T.    (5)    ex    Arsilonche   albovenosa 

Goeze. 

Rogas  stigmator  Say  (6)  ex  Arsilonche  albovenosa  Goeze. 
Exorista  larvarum  L.  (7)  ex  Arsilonche  albovenosa  Goeze.  • 
'  Alciodes   intennedjus    Cress.    (8)    ex    Arsilonche    albovenosa 

Goeze. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

'  Sceliphron  cacrncntarium  Drury  (10)  ex  Apatela  oblinita  A.  & 

S. 

'  Casinaria  ycnnina  Nort.    (11)   ex  Apatela  oblinita  A.  &  S. 
/  Microbrac on  sp.   (13)  ex  Endothacnia  hcbcsana  \\'lk. 
/  Apantclcs  cinctiformis  Vier.  (18)  ex  Nonayria  oblonga  Grote. 

Muscina  stabiilans  Fall.  (21)  ex  Archanara  subcarnea  Kell. 

Masiccra  scnilis  Rond.  (22)  ex  Archanara  subcarnea  Kell. 

Stunnia  niyrita  Town.   (23)  ex  Arazama  obliqua  Walk. 

Eulophus  sp.  (27)  ex  an  unidentified  Lepidopteron. 
/  Diaiilinus  pulchripcs  Cwfd.  (33)  ex  Cryptochaetum  sp. 

Tumidiscapus  sp.   (34)  ex  Cryptochaetum  sp. 

Elachterinae  sp.   (45)   ex  Lymnaccia  phragmitella  Staint. 

Macrotcleia  sp.   (53)  ex  Conoccphahis  sp. 

Tumidiscapus  sp.  (54)  ex  ConocepJmlus  sp. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

BEUTENMULLER,  WILLIAM.  1901.  Arsilonchc  albovcnosa 
Goeze.  In  descriptive  catalogue  of  the  Noctuidae  found 
within  fifty  miles  of  New  York  City.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.  14;  article  20:261. 

BIRD,  HENRY.  1902.  Boring  noctuid  larvae.  New  York  Ent. 
Soc.  Jour.  10:214-216. 

CLAASSEN,  P.  W.  1919.  A  possible  new  source  of  food  sup- 
ply. Sci.  mo.  9:179:185. 

ID.  1921.  Typha  insects :  Their  ecological  relationships.  Cor- 
nell Univ.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Memoir  47:459-531. 

COLE,  A.  C,  JR.  1929.  Archanara  subcarnea  Kell.  (Lepidop. : 
Noctuidae)  a  host  of  Masiccra  scnilis  Rond.  (Dipt.: 
Tachinidae).  Ent.  News,  Vol.  40,  No.  7:225. 

ID.  1930a.  The  preservation  of  Lepidopterous  larvae  by  in- 
jection. Ent.  News,  Vol.  41  : 106-108. 

ID.  1930/;.  Muscina  stabiilans  Fall.  (Diptera:  Muscidae) 
parasitic  on  Archanara  subcarnea  Kell.  (Lepidop.:  Noc- 
tuidae). Ent.  News,  Vol.  41:112. 

DAVIDSON,  W.  M.  1917.  The  cat-tail  rush,  Typha  hit i folia 
as  a  summer  host  of  injurious  insects.  Calif.  Com.  Hort. 
Mo.  Bui.  6:64-65. 

GROTE,  AUGUSTUS  R.  1882.  The  North  American  species  of 
Nonagria.  New  York  Ent.  Club.  Papilio  2:94-99. 

HOLLAND,  W.  J.  1913.  The  moth  book.  Doubleday,  Page  & 
Co.,  pp.  1-479. 

NEEDHAM,  J.  G.,  and  LLOYD,  J.  T.  1916.  The  life  of  inland 
waters.  Pp.  1-438. 

SATTERTIIWAIT,  A.  F.  1920.  Notes  on  the  habits  of  Calcudra 
pcrtina.v  ( )liv.  Jour.  Econ.  Ent.  13:280-295. 

WALTON,  W.  R.  1908.  Notes  on  the  life  history  of  Xona<jria 
oblonga  Gr.  Ent.  News  l():295-299. 


40  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

Notes  on  Utah  Heteroptera  and  Homoptera.1 

By  GEORGE  F.  KNOWLTON. 

Much  insect  material  has  reposed  in  the  Utah  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station  and  Utah  State  Agricultural  College  col- 
lections, but  only  a  small  portion  of  this  material  has  been 
classified  and  recorded.  An  effort  is  being  made  to  gradually 
build  up  this  collection  and  get  as  much  of  the  material  named 
as  is  possible,  so  that  it  will  become  of  assistance  in  the  recog- 
nition of  local  insects.  This  paper  records  some  of  the  mate- 
rial that  has  been  determined  in  the  past  few  years. 

The  writer  is  indebted  to  Messrs.  Herbert  Osborn,  W.  L. 
McAtee,  H.  H.  Knight,  H.  B.  Hungerford,  William  T.  Davis, 
and  R.  H.  Beamer,  for  naming  much  of  the  material  herein 

recorded. 

Order  HETEROPTERA  Linn. 

Family  SCUTELLERIDAE   (Leach). 

1.  HOMAEMUS  AENEIFRONS  (Say).    Peterson,  September  14, 
1925   (Knowlton). 

2.  HOMAEMUS  BIJUGIS  Uhl.     Providence,  August  10,   1930 
(M.  J.  Janes). 

3.  EURYGASTER  ALTER NAxus   (Say).     Logan,  May  17,  1923 
(Knowlton)  ;  Providence,  June  8,  1930  (M.  J.  Janes). 

Family  CYDNIDAE  (Billberg). 

4.  HOMALOPORUS  CONGRUUS  Uhl.     Panguitch,  July  29,  1928 
( Knowlton ) . 

Family  PENTATOMIDAE  (Leach). 

5.  BRACHYMENA  4-pusTULATA    (Fabr.).     Evans,    May    13, 
1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Farmington,  July  16,  1930  (M.  J.  Janes)  ; 
Hinckley,  July  23,  1914  (Pack). 

6.  PERIBALUS   LIMBOLARIUS    Stal.      Draper,   June   23,    1926 
(Knowlton)  ;   Farmington,   July   16,   1930   (M.   J.  Janes)  ;  on 
beets  at  Hooper,  August  24,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  on  ragweed  at 
Logan,  August   15,   1926   (Knowlton). 

7.  TRICHOPEPLA    ATRICORNIS    Stal.      Cedar,    July    25,    1926 
(Knowlton). 

8.  RHYTIDOLOMIA  FACETA  (Say).    Richfield,  August  7,  1924 
(Knowlton). 

1  Contribution  from  the  Department  of  Entomology,  Utah  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station. 

Publication  authorized  by  Director,  October  24,  1930. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \F.\YS  41 

9.  CHLOROCHROA   UHLERI   Stal.     Curlew,   August   30,    1929 
(Knowlton)  ;  Elberta,  August  7,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  on  clover, 
Garland,    August    12,    1929    (Pack)  ;    on    (inticn-czia,    Logan, 
October   4,    1929    (Knowlton)  ;    Schowell.    October    14,    1929 
(Knowlton). 

10.  C.   CONGRUA  Uhl.     On  beets  at   Benjamin,   August  26, 
1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Cache  Junction,  June  12,  1929  (Knowlton)  ; 
Farmington,  July  16,   1930   (Knowlton  and  M.  J.  Janes)  ;  on 
beets  at  Far  West,  August  17,  1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Nephi,  July 
23,    1915    (Ball);    on    beets    at    Spanish    Fork,    July   9,    1930 
(Knowlton)  ;  Stansbury  Island,  June  13,  1913   (Pack,  Hagan, 
Titus). 

11.  C.  LIGATA    (Say).     Logan,  May  21,   1908   (J.   B.   Hor- 
ton). 

12.  C.  SAYI  Stal.    Farmington,  July  23,  1930  (M.  J.  Janes)  ; 
Layton,  July  5,   1930   (Knowlton)  ;  on  wheat  at   Promontory, 
September   10,   1929   (Knowlton)  ;  damaging  wheat  in  Round 
Valley,  near  Salina,  August,  1930  (Knowlton). 

13.  CARPOCORIS    REMOTUS    Horv.     On     alfalfa,     Lewiston, 
August  13,  1929  (Pack). 

14.  EUSCHISTUS  SERVUS  (Say).     Logan,  September  2,  1903; 
Logan  Canyon,  August  15,  1912   (Hagan)  ;  on  beets  at  North 
Ogden,  June  7,   1929   (Knowlton). 

15.  E.  INFLATUS  Van  D.     On  potatoes  at  Farmington,  July 
16,  1930  (M.  J.  Janes)  and  July  20,   1930  (Knowlton). 

16.  E.   VARIOLARIUS    (P.   B.).     Farmington,  June    11,    1930 
(Knowlton  and  Janes)  ;  Provo,  August  10,  1930  (M.  J.  Janes)  ; 
numerous  on  beets  at  Spanish  Fork,  August  20,  1929  (Knowl- 
ton). 

17.  NEOTTIGLOSSA  UNDATA  (Say).     Logan. 

18.  COSMOPEPLA  BIMACULATA    (Thorn.).     Logan,    May  26, 
1909. 

19.  THYANTA    PERDITOR    (Fabr.)      Nephi,    July    23,    1905 
(Ball). 

20.  T.  CUSTATOR    (Fabr.).     On   sugar-beets  at   Farmington, 
October  9,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Grantsville.  August  27,  1929;  on 
Guticrrccia  in  Logan  Canyon,  October  4,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  on 
beets  at  Penrose,  September  28,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  on  alfalfa 
at  Providence,  June  8,  1930  (M.   J.  Janes)  ;  Mantua,    [uly  27, 
1925   (Knowlton). 

21.  T.  RUGULOSA  (Say).  On  Ainplcx  at  Locomotive  Springs, 
June  9,  1930  (Knowlton). 

22.  T.   PUNCTIVENTRIS  Van    D.     Logan,   August   24,    1909 
(Hoff). 

23.  BANASA  SORDIDA   (Uhl.).     Brigham  City,  September  25, 
1916. 


42  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

24.  PERILLUS  BIOCULATUS  var.  CLANDA  (Say).     Blue  Creek, 
July  18,  1930  (Knowlton). 

25.  PODISUS  BRACTEATUS  F.  R.    Logan,  September  26,  1909. 

Family  COREIDAE    (Leach). 

26.  A  NASA   TRISTIS    (De   Geer).     The  squash   bug  is  com- 
monly destructive  to  squash  in  Davis  and  Weber  Counties  and 
parts  of  Utah  and  Cache  Counties.    During  the  winter  of  1929- 
30  adult  specimens  kept  in  the  Experiment  Station  insectary  at 
Logan  had  a  45  per  cent  mortality.     Damage  during  the  sum- 
mer of   1930  was  ordinarily  severe,  with  numerous  reports  of 
damage  being  received  at  the  Experiment  Station. 

27.  MEGALOTOMUS  S-SPINOSUS  (Say).    Logan,  May  21,  1908 
(Horton)  and  July  4,  1923   (Knowlton). 

28.  HARMOSTES  REFLEXULUS   (Say).     losepa,  July  17,  1926 
(Knowlton). 

29.  CORIZUS   HYALINUS    (Fabr.).     Richmond,   September    1, 
1926  (Knowlton). 

30.  CORIZUS    VIRIDICATUS    Uhl.      Corinne,    June    22,     1929 
(Knowlton  and  Bo  wen). 

31.  CORIZUS  CRASSICORNIS  (Linn.).     Logan  Meadows,  July, 

1928  (Knowlton). 

32.  LEPTOCORIS  TRIVITTATUS  (Say).     The  boxelder  bug  is  a 
common  house  pest  in  northern  Utah  and  collects  in  large  num- 
bers on  the  sunny  south  side  of  buildings  during  warm  spring 
afternoons.     Frequent  inquiries  are  received  at  the  Experiment 
Station  regarding  this  pest. 

Family  NEIDIDAE  (Kirkaldy). 

33.  NEIDES  MUTICUS  (Say).     Point  of  the  Mountain,  South 
of  Salt  Lake  City,  July  20,  1909   (Titus). 

Family  LYGAEIDAE  (Schilling). 

34.  LYGAEUS   RECLIVATUS   Say.      Low,    September    19,    1(>30 
(Knowlton). 

35.  L.  KALMII  Stal.     Dry  Lake,  July  31,  1926  (Knowlton)  ; 
Logan,   June    10,    1926    (Knowlton)  ;    Promontory,    April    18, 

1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Salt  Lake  City,  June  23,  1927  (Knowlton)  ; 
Snowville,  April  16,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Stansbury  Island,  June 
13,  1913  (Pack,  Hagan,  Titus). 

36.  NYSIUS    CALIFORNICUS    Stal.      Cisco,    August    7,    1906; 
Joseph,  August  6,  1907  (Titus). 

37.  N.  ERICAE  (Schilling).    The  false  chinch  bug  is  abundant 
and  widespread  in  Utah  and  at  times  causes  damage  to  sugar- 
beets,  grains,  and  alfalfa.     The  nymphs  and  adults  appear  early 
in  the  spring,  as  soon  as  the  ground  warms  up. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  43 

38.  GEOCORIS  BULLATUS  (Say).    Logan,  September  28,  1922 
(Knowlton)  ;  Milford,  July  21,   1926  (Knowlton). 

39.  G.  FALLENS  Stal."    Magna,   May,   1927    (Knowlton). 

40.  G.  FALLENS  var.  dccoratus  Uhl.     Timpie,  July  17,   1927 
(Knowlton).      Adults   and   nymphs   of   Geocoris  sp.   are  com- 
monly   found    in   the    stomachs   of    lizards    (Ufa   stansburiana 
stansburiana  B.  and  G.)  collected  in  northern  Utah  on  deserted 
dry-farms  and  Russian  thistle  patches. 

Family  TINGIDIDAE  (Laporte). 

41.  PIESMA  CINEREA   (Say).     On  sugar-beets  at  Collinston. 
July  21,  1927  (Knowlton). 

42.  CORYTHUCHA   HiSPiDA   Uhler.      Stansbtiry   Island,   June 
13,  1913  (Pack,  Hagan,  Titus). 

Family  PHYMATIDAE   (Laporte). 

43.  PHYMATA  EROSA  (Linn.).  Logan,  August,  1929  (Knowl- 
ton). 

44.  P.  EROSA  subsp.  FASCIATA  (Gray).     Brigham  City,  Sep- 
tember 10,  1925   (Knowlton)  ;  Logan,  August,   1929   (Knowl- 
ton) ;  Spring  Canyon,  August  28,  1925   (Knowlton). 

Family  REDUVIIDAE    (Latreille). 

45.  APIOMERUS    CRASSIPES    (Fabr.).      Cedar    Spring,    June, 
1930   (Knowlton);  Logan.  July  4,   1907   (Titus). 

46.  TRIATOMA  PROTRACT  A   (Uhler).     Logan,  September  14, 

1928  (Knowlton). 

47.  ZELUS  socius  Uhl.    Skull  Valley,  August,  1929  (Knowl- 
ton) ;  Snowville,  July,   1929   (Knowlton). 

48.  SINEA  DIADEMA  (Fabr.).   Draper,  August,  1925  (Knowl- 
ton); Ogden,  July,   1929   (Knowlton). 

49.  S.    CONFUSA   Caucl.      Spring   Canyon,   August   28,    1925 
(Knowlton). 

Family  NARIDAE   (Costa). 

50.  NAIUS   FERUS    (Linn.).     Delta,  July    15,   1926    (Knowl- 
ton) ;  Lewiston,  July,  1926  (Knowlton)  ;  Promontory,  October, 

1929  (Knowlton);     Snowville,    August,     1929     (Knowlton). 
Fairly  common  in  northern  Utah,  in  the  breeding  grounds  of 
the  beet  leafhopper. 

Family  CIMICIDAE  (Latreille). 

51.  CIMEX  LECTULARIUS  Linn.     The  bedbug  was  abundant 
in  a  chicken  coop  at  Logan,  July  28,  1(>24  (Hawley  and  Knowl- 
ton).    Reports  of  infestations  and  requests  for  advice  on  con- 
trol in  houses  are  frequently  received.     To  keep  free  from 
pest  many  apartment  houses  fumigate  frequently. 

(To  be  continued). 


44  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

Recapture  of  Marked  Cutworm  Moths  in  a  Trap 
Lantern  (Lep.  :  Noctuidae). 

By  A.  E.  BROWER,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

During  the  summer  of  1929  a  study  of  the  movement  of 
moths,  by  marking  individuals  of  species  of  the  genus  Catocala 
(Noctuidae)  was  carried  out.  The  results  were  reported  in 
Ent.  News,  Vol.  41:10-15,  44-46,  1930.  In  the  summer  of 
1930  a  trial  experiment  was  made  at  Cornell  University,  in  con- 
nection with  the  operation  of  the  trap  lantern,  to  determine  the 
feasibility  of  obtaining  data  upon  the  movements  of  Noctuidae 
attracted  by  light.  Despite  the  preliminary  nature  of  the  work 
the  unexpected  results  seem  worthy  of  publication. 

The  trap  lantern  is  located  in  a  secluded  situation  near  the 
ground  between  a  large  outdoor  rearing  cage  and  a  strip  of 
timber.  The  light  used  was  a  50  watt  electric  lamp.  In  mark- 
ing the  moths  each  specimen  was  grasped  firmly  near  the  base 
of  the  wings  on  one  side  with  a  pair  of  curve-pointed  forceps 
and  a  finger  supplied  for  them  to  cling  to.  Lacquers  were  used 
for  marking  as  they  become  very  gummy  and  quick  drying  if 
left  open  to  the  air  for  a  few  hours.  A  different  mark  was 
used  for  each  night's  catch.  Colors  were  changed  as  often  as 
necessary  to  secure  simple  marks  or  combinations  of  marks. 
Each  moth  was  placed  in  a  container  as  soon  as  marked. 

The  catch  of  four  nights  was  taken  about  three-eighths  of  a 
mile  southeast  of  the  trap  and  released  in  a  growth  of  weeds 
and  grass  beside  an  overgrown  fence  row.  One  night's  catch, 
the  second,  was  tossed  out  in  the  grass  close  to  the  trap  lantern, 
marking  being  discontinued  and  the  light  turned  off  at  12:15. 
The  catches  of  the  eight  subsequent  nights  wTere  carried  about 
three-eighths  of  a  mile  west  of  the  trap;  if  this  was  done  about 
midnight  the  moths  were  released  under  an  electric  light,  but 
if  it  was  in  the  morning  they  were  released  in  a  strip  of  natural 
trees  and  bushes.  In  both  cases  the  plan  was  to  have  a  number 
of  buildings  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  and  several  electric 
lights  intervening  between  the  point  of  release  and  the  trap  lan- 
tern. Marked  moths  which  returned  were  again  carried  away 
with  those  caught  the  same  night  without  remarking  them. 

As  may  be  seen  in  the  list  of  recaptured  moths,  "recaptures" 
were  secured  as  follows;  after  eight  days,  four  moths;  nine 
days,  three ;  ten  days,  two ;  and  twelve  days,  one.  Besides, 


xlii,  '31] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


45 


many  other  specimens  were  recaptured  after  shorter  periods. 
Of  these  ten  moths  which  were  retaken  after  a  period  of  eight 
or  more  days,  three  had  been  carried  southeast  of  the  trap, 
two  had  been  released  at  the  trap,  and  five  had  been  carried  west 
from  the  trap.  It  is  significant  that  marked  moths  were  retaken 
every  night  after  the  second  night  and  marked  moths  from  each 
night's  catch  except  two  were  recaptured.  The  failure  to  re- 
capture any  moths  from  these  two  nights  was  probably  due  to 
the  small  numbers  marked  on  these  nights  with  the  premature 
closing  of  the  experiment  by  cold  nights. 

( )ne  thousand  moths  were  marked  in  this  experiment.  Ten 
moths,  or  1% ,  were  recaptured  at  the  trap  after  a  period  of 
eight  or  more  days,  the  longest  period  being  twelve  days.  The 
percentage  of  recaptures  was  slightly  higher  from  moths  carried 
southeast  of  the  trap  compared  with  those  carried  west  of  the 
trap.  Those  released  at  the  trap  were  recaptured  in  compara- 
tively large  numbers.  This  experiment  so  far  as  it  goes  indi- 
cates that  cutworm  moths  range  about  freely  in  an  area  within 
a  radius  of  three-eighths  mile ;  only  future  experiments  can 
show  how  much  farther.  The  recapture  of  twenty  moths  from 
the  catch  released  at  the  trap  might  be  expected,  but  it  seems 
extraordinary  that  so  many  of  these,  carried  away  to  a  consider- 
able distance  beyond  buildings  and  released  where  lights  could  lie 
seen  in  every  direction,  should  return  to  a  more  or  less  secluded 
trap  lantern. 

TABLE    SHOWING   THE   NUMBER   OF   EACH    SPECIES    MARKED 

EACH    NIGHT   AND   IN    PARENTHESIS  THE   NUMBER 

RECOVERED  ON  SUBSEQUENT  DATES. 


17  19 

0     19       0     21     22 


Time,  p.m.   - 
a.m.  17 

Fc-ltia  du- 

cens     &      33        46     24     61      30     25 
jaculifera  (2)     (15)          (1)    (4) 


Noctua 

c-nigrum 

N.  nor- 
maniana 

N.  liaja 
smithii 

Asjroperina     4 
cluliitans 

A.  helva          3 


5       213 

(1)  (1) 


5 
(2) 


AUGUST 

22 

23     24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

23 

24     25 

26 

7 

28 

0 

30 

Total 

48 

Tc  II  ' 

71 

54 

44 

38 

46 

13 

S3  3 

(2) 

cold 

(2) 

(3) 

(1) 

(30) 

and 

12 

stormy 

11 

13 

8 

0 

2 

1 

81 

(1) 

(3) 

5 

4 

3 

3 

1 

2 

23 

26 

23 

17 

34 

19 

14 

3 

1-4 

(1i 

(2) 

(1) 

(1) 

(9) 

25 

20 

12 

15 

2 

9 

1 

137 

(1) 

(1) 

(1) 

(5) 

6 

3 

4 

9 

4 

52 

(2) 

(1) 

122 

103 

113 

77 

18 

(5) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(1) 

(2) 

,1.1 

(51) 

5      10     14 
(2) 

3      11      11      13      11 
(2) 

38255 
(1) 

Total      ...    40     *62     52     81      74     64 
(2)  (20)    (0)    (2)    (5)    (2) 

Part  of  the  moths  were  marked  at  midnight  and  part  of  them  in  the 
morning.  Since  a  night  includes  portions  of  two  days,  each  night's  work 
is  indicated  by  two  dates.  A  dash  indicates  operation  of  trap  but  no  moths 
marked  at  midnight.  A  zero  shows  that  the  trap  was  not  operated  after 
midnight. 

*  This  night's  catch  of  moths  was  liberated  near  the  trap. 


46 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


LIST  OF  RECAPTURED  MOTHS. 


[Feb.,  '30 


FELTIA   DUCENS   AND 

Date 

No. 

JACULIFERA 

Date  of 

of  re- 

recap- 

Date 

No. 

marking 

capture 

tured 

Date  of 

of  re- 

recap- 

N.  BAJA  SMITHII 

marking 
Aug.  17P.M. 
17  P.M. 
17P.M. 

capture 
19A.M. 
19P.M. 
21A.M. 

tured 
4 
5 
3 

Aug.  17  P.M. 
22  A.M. 
22  A.M. 

21A.M. 
27—28 
31- 

C?                        1 

2 
1 

1 

19  P.M. 
21A.M. 

17A.M. 

21A.M. 
22  A.M. 
25—26 

1 

1 
2 

22—23 

Sept.      1 
(10 
31- 

Sept      1 

1 
days  ) 

1 

17P.M. 

(9 
25—26 

days) 
2 

27—28 

(9 

1--  2 

days) 

21  A.M. 
22—23 
21  A.M. 

(8 
26—27 
26—27 
28  P.M. 

days  ) 
2 
1 
1 

28P.M. 
29—30 

Sept. 
2—  3 
Sept. 
2—  3 

2 

1 

26—27 

(8 
29—30 

days) 
2 

Sept. 

1 

25—26 

29—30 

1 

AGROPERINA  DUBITANS 

17P.M. 

29—30 

1 

Aug.  17P.M. 

19A.M. 

2 

(12 

davs  ) 

26—27 

27—28 

1 

22—23 

30—31 

1 

27—28 

31- 

27—28 

(8 
30—31 

days  ) 

1 

29—30 

Sept.     1 
2—  3 

1 

25—26 

30—31 

1 

Sept. 

1 

26—27 

31- 

Sept.     1 

1 

A. 

HELVA 

(10 

days) 

Aug.  17  P.M. 

19P.M. 

1 

NOCTUA 

C-NIGRUM 

22—23 

25—26 

1 

Aug. 

21  A.M. 

22—23 

1 

22—23 

26—27 

1 

25—26 

26—27 

1 

27—28 

29—30 

1 

19P.M. 

29—30 

1 

(10 

days) 

Common  Names  for  Dragonflies  (Odonata). 

By  E.  B.  WILLIAMSON,  Museum  of  Zoology,  Ann  Arbor, 

Michigan. 

The  usefulness  of  common  names  for  insects  depends  on 
circumstances  which  are  not  the  same  in  all  orders  or  sub- 
groups. A  decision  in  any  specific  case,  therefore,  rests  largely 
with  the  specialists  concerned.  So  in  discussing  the  value  of 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  47 

common  names  for  dragonflies,  I  am  not  trying  to  define  any 
general  rules  for  the  selection  or  use  of  common  names  for 
other  insects  but  I  shall  undertake  a  discussion  of  some  common 
names  for  dragonflies,  attempting  to  determine  how  useful 
these  names  are,  or  may  be,  and  whether  or  not  they  are  appro- 
priate. Common  names  are  essentially  more  or  less  local  names 
which  find  the  barriers  of  language  insurmountable  so  I  shall 
confine  myself  still  farther  to  the  common  names  of  North 
American  dragonflies.  Such  a  discussion  seems  particularly 
needed  at  this  time.  Professor  Needham  in  his  recent  Hand- 
book of  North  American  Dragonflies  has  proposed  some  com- 
mon names  and  in  the  same  volume  has  used  names  of  earlier 
vintage.  A  second  printing  of  the  Handbook  is  promised  and 
before  that  is  done  it  seems  desirable  to  frankly  discuss  this 
matter  of  common  names  for  North  American  dragonflies.  In 
most  schools  the  Handbook  will  be  the  only  book  on  dragonflies 
available  to  the  general  student  body  for  an  indefinite  period, 
and  in  many  general  and  private  libraries  the  casual  student  will 
find  it  his  only  source  of  detailed  information  on  the  subject. 
It  will  profoundly  influence  dragonfly  work  in  North  America 
over  a  long  period,  so  its  methods  and  probable  effects  are  of 
interest  to  every  student. 

Let  us  now  take  up  these  common  names  in  detail.  Quota- 
tions are  all  from  the  Handbook.  The  insects  of  the  order 
Odonata  are  now  pretty  generally  known  as  Dragonflies.  Mos- 
quito Hawks,  Snakefeeders,  and  Snakedoctors  are  some  of  the 
other  more  local  names  which  cause  no  confusion  and  are, 
I  think,  never  misused  or  misunderstood.  In  the  past  the 
matter  of  common  names  stood  thus  for  many  years  without 
confusion  and  without  any  inconvenience  to  anybody.  I'ut 
into  this  peaceful  scene-  was  injected  the  name  "Damselfly"  for 
the  Zygoptera,  one  of  the  suborders  of  the  (  Monata.  This  name 
was  not  a  folk  name  anywhere  for  the  Zygoptera.  It  was  a 
suggested  use  of  the  name  which  was.  1  think,  too  readily  ac- 
cepted and  for  about  thirty  years  lias  been  used  without  a 
proper  understanding  in  this  connection  of  the  use  of  the  com- 
mon name  "Dragonfly".  For  example,  "the  two  principal 
groups  of  dragonflies  that  make  up  the  order  Odonata  are 
Dragonflies  proper  and  Damselflies".  But  nowhere  in  odonate 


48  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,  '30 

literature  so  far  as  I  can  recall  is  any  reference  in  the  text  to 
"dragonflies  proper",  and  later  on  in  the  Handbook  the  "Sub- 
order Anisoptera"  equals  "Dragonflies"  without  any  qualifica- 
tion. Examples  of  resulting  ambiguity  are  many.  "There  are 
more  prosaic  ways  of  getting  dragonflies.  .  .  .  Small  dragon- 
flies  and  damselflies  that  sit  on  the  low  grasses  .  .  ."  In  the 
first  line  of  the  paragraph  from  which  this  is  quoted  dragon- 
flies  equals  Odonata,  and  in  the  fourth  line  equals  Anisoptera. 
"They  all  eat  other  smaller  dragonflies."  "Dusk-flying  and 
shade  dwelling  dragonflies  run  to  somber  browns."  The  "Skim- 
mers" "are  the  commonest  and  best  known  of  dragonflies". 
And  under  Nannothemis,  "These  are  the  smallest  of  our  dragon- 
flies".  "Neoneura  .  .  .  are  slender  damselflies" ;  "Hespera- 
grion  .  .  .  are  small  .  .  .  damselflies" ;  but  "Zonagrion  are 
slender  dragonflies".  For  thirty  years  this  is  the  ambiguity 
throughout  odonate  literature  for  which  the  word  "damselflies" 
is  responsible.  It  has  been  thus  used  only  by  those  who  have 
come  directly  or  indirectly  in  contact  with  colleges,  it  was  never 
a  folk  name,  and  it  may  well  stand  as  a  warning  sign  against 
the  hasty  coining  or  new  application  of  common  names.  I 
know  of  students,  in  two  institutions  who,  when  told  to  collect 
dragonflies  (Odonata),  collected  only  "dragonflies  proper" 
(Anisoptera)  during  an  entire  summer.  As  they  were  novices 
with  an  insect  net  the  results  were  not  happy. 

In  the  Handbook,  four  families  are  discussed.  A  common 
name  for  only  one  of  these  is  suggested,  Libellulidae,  '"The 
Skimmers".  But  the  Subfamily  Libellulinae  are  called  the 
"Common  Skimmers",  and  the  species  of  the  genus  Libellula 
are  again,  like  the  Libellulidae,  only  "The  Skimmers",  a  situ- 
ation with  endless  possibilities  for  confusion.  Of  the  nine  suit- 
families,  common  names  are  proposed  for  four.  Lestinae  and 
Coenagrioninae  are  not  named  but  the  much  less  frequently  ob- 
served Macrominae  are  called  "The  Belted  Skimmers",  though 
no  genus  or  species  in  the  subfamily  is  named.  The  larger 
subfamily  in  both  genera  and  species,  the  Cordulinae,  in  which 
two  genera  have  common  names,  is  not  named.  Of  the  seventy- 
five  genera,  sixteen  are  named.  Of  these  sixteen  genera,  eleven 
have  no  species  with  a  common  name,  and  five  genera  among 
them  have  nine  named  species.  Certainly  in  the  eleven,  if  not 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  49 

in  all,  the  inevitable  result  will  be  that  the  generic  name  will 
be  used  specifically  in  different  localities  for  different  species, 
making  chaos  certain.  The  rarely  observed  Cordulegasters,  the 
single  genus  in  the  unnamed  Cordulegasterinae,  are  "The 
Biddies"  from  a  habit  of  the  nymphs  when  disturbed.  Tetra- 
goneurias  with  no  species  named  are  "Dog-tails"  or  "Wags". 
\Yhy  there  should  be  two  common  names  for  insects  so  rarely 
observed  and  only  rarely  conspicuous  is  not  clear.  And  the 
Enallagmas,  also  without  a  named  species,  are  the  "Bluets, 
etc.".  But  I  cannot  see  just  why.  And  the  beautiful  insects, 
beautifully  named  Tramea,  become  "The  Raggedy  Skimmers". 
Why  certain  genera  such  as  Celithemis,  Pantala,  Lestes,  Argia, 
and  others,  in  the  light  of  those  named,  remained  unnamed  is 
not  clear. 

Of  the  three  hundred  and  sixty  species  in  the  Handbook, 
twenty-two  are  named.  Two  of  these  are  among  the  rarest  of 
all  North  American  dragonflies,  certainly  hardly  fifty  specimens 
of  the  two  together  having  ever  been  taken.  At  least  ten  of 
them  are  either  rare  or  local,  or  both.  Two  Aeshnas  are  named. 
Based  on  the  material  studied  by  Walker,  there  are  four  un- 
named species  commoner  than  one  of  these,  and  nine  of  the 
other.  Coryphaeschna  ingcns  is  named  but  the  much  more 
widely  known,  or  at  least  seen,  Epiaeschna  hcros  is  not.  The 
rarely  seen  Nannothemis  hella  is  named  the  "Blue  Bell",  and 
the  very  abundant  Pachydipla.v  longipennis  is  called  the  "Blue 
Pirate'.',  though  neither  is  blue  as  that  term  is  used  for  Odonata. 
Since  there  is  the  single  species  in  each  genus  it  would  seem 
the  generic  names  would  serve  as  splendid  common  names.  Of 
the  one  hundred  and  four  species  of  Coenagrionidae,  includ- 
ing the  most  abundant  species  of  dragonflies  in  North  America, 
only  two  are  named,  while  the  very  rare  two  species  of  Peta- 
lurinae  are  both  named.  And  of  the  two  Coenagrionidae 
named,  one  is  one  of  the  rarer  Argias,  and  the  other  Tclcbasis 
sul-ra,  "The  Flapper."  has  the  distribution  given  as  California, 
truly  not  a  menace  to  the  country  at  large.  The  commonest 
and  most  widely  distributed  aeshnine  in  North  America,  /4m /.r 
jiuiius,  is  not  named,  but  the  rare  and  local  Aini.v  walsinghami 
is.  In  other  words  I  am  neither  satisfied  with  the  list  of  species 
selected  for  naming  nor  pleased  with  the  common  names  used. 


50  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

And  I  am  fully  persuaded  that  any  list  I  might  select  and  the 
names  I  might  propose  would  meet  with  as  little  general 
approval. 

Over  a  long  period  of  years  I  have  enjoyed  the  companion- 
ship on  collecting  trips  of  many  good  and  unselfish  friends  for 
whose  enthusiastic  help  I  have  no  words  to  express  my  appre- 
ciation. Most  of  these  men  have  had  no  connection  with  col- 
leges, yet  in  the  field  and  visiting  together  long  winter  evenings 
we  have  a  common  vocabulary  for  all  the  dragonflies  we  know. 
And  this  vocabulary  is  understandable  in  every  continent.  I 
think  we  shall  make  no  change.  But  if  there  must  be  common 
names  by  edict,  would  it  not  be  well  to  go  slowly  and  after  some 
discussion  of  each  proposal  so  that  the  feeble-minded  and 
tongue-tied  student  of  the  future,  reared  entirely  on  a  diet  of 
common  names,  may  have  bequeathed  to  him  a  nomenclator 
vulgaris  as  exact,  appropriate  and  euphonious  as  possible?  Of 
course  there  will  always  be  students  whose  work  will  require 
some  knowledge  of  a  more  universal  nomenclature  but  that  will 
just  be  their  hard  luck. 


The  Meloidae  of  South  Dakota  (Coleoptera).1 

By  LAURENCE  A.  CARRUTH,  South  Dakota  State  College, 

Brookings. 

This  paper  is  based  on  a  collection  of  963  labeled  Meloids  in 
the  Entomology-Zoology  department  of  the  South  Dakota  State 
College.  These  insects  include  thirty  species  in  ten  genera  and 
were  taken  at  eighty-one  places  in  forty-five  of  the  sixty-three 
counties  of  the  State.  Every  section  of  the  State  is  well  repre- 
sented. The  insects  were  taken  mainly  by  persons  associated 
at  one  time  or  another  with  the  Entomology-Zoology  depart- 
ment of  the  College.2  A  number  of  specimens,  including  prac- 
tically all  those  in  the  following  list  that  are  without  date  or 
collector's  data,  were  included  in  the  collection  of  the  late  P.  C. 
Truman  of  Volga,  South  Dakota,  which  was  purchased  by  the 
State  College  in  1910  or  thereabouts.  A  large  number  of 

1  Contribution  from  the  Entomology-Zoology  Department  of  the  South 
Dakota  State  College,  Brookings,  So.  Dak. 

The  writer  gratefully  acknowledges  the  assistance  given  by  Professors 
H.  C.  Severin  and  G.  I.  Gilbertson  of  the  South  Dakota  State  College, 
and  by  Mr.  H.  S.  Barber  of  the  United  States  National  Museum, 


Xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  51 

Meloids,  including  several  species  not  before  reported  in  the 
State,  have  accumulate'*  1  during  the  past  few  years  as  a  result 
of  extensive  collecting  trips  made  by  members  of  the  college 
Entomology-Zoology  department.  These  insects  were  not  classi- 
fied or  tabulated  until  recently  when  the  work  was  undertaken 
by  the  writer. 

The  collection  at  the  South  Dakota  State  College  is  the  only 
one  known  to  contain  a  representative  group  of  South  Dakota 
Meloidae.  Since  the  data  given  in  this  paper  greatly  extend  the 
ranges  of  some  species  over  those  previously  published,  and 
since  practically  no  published  reports  are  available  on  the 
Meloidae  of  adjoining  states,  it  is  believed  that  this  report  will 
be  of  interest. 

In  the  following  notes  the  subfamilies  and  genera  are  ar- 
ranged in  the  order  given  by  Van  Dyke.3  Each  species  is 

prefixed  by  the  serial  number  given  in  Leng's  "Catalog  of  the 
Coleoptera  of  North  America  North  of  Mexico."  "Sp."  below 
stands  for  specimen  or  specimens. 

Subfamily  MELOINAE. 

1.  (7973)    PYROTA   ENGELMANNI   Lee.      Chamberlain,    1    sp. 
June  15,  1928;  Parmelee,  3  sp.  June  18,  1927;  Rosebud,  1  sp. 
June  23,  1924;  all  by  (G.I.G.).     Wevvela,  1  sp.  June  19,  1930 

(L.A.C.).     White  River,   1  sp.   June  18,  1927,   1  sp.   June  15, 

1929,  (H.C.S.).     Chester,  2  sp.  June  15,  1930,  (G.B.S.). 

2.  (7980)   P.  DAKOTAXA  \Yick.    Nowlin,  1  sp.  June  25,  1928, 
(H.C.S.).     Philip,  11  sp.  June  23,   1923,   (G.I.G.).     Pierre,  4 
sp.,  no  data.    The  Pierre  specimens,  acquired  from  the  Truman 
collection,  are  probably  cotypes. 

3.  (7998)   EPICAUTA  TRICHRUS  Pall.    Chester,  3  sp.  June  21, 

1930,  on  sweet  william  (Phlox  filosa),   (G.B.S.).     Elk  Point, 
2  sp.  June  19,  1924;  Florence  (Medicine  Lake),  1  sp.  June  23, 
1927;  all  by  (G.I.G.).     Brookings,  5  sp. ;  Hot  Springs.  1  sp. ; 
Volga,  2  sp. ;  all  no  data. 

4.  (8004)    E.  FERRTGINEA  Say.     Brule  Agency,   1   sp.  Aug. 
23,  1929;  Buffalo,  1  sp.  Sep.  9,  1927;  Chamberlain,  2  sp.  June 
15,  1928;  Eureka,  16  sp.  Sept.  5,  1930;  Forestburg,  1  sp.  Aug. 

2  In  the  following  re-port,  the  collectors,  where  known,  are  indicated  by 
their  initials.     These  persons  are  thus  represented:  L.  A.  C.,  Laurence  A. 
Carruth ;    M.    F.,    Morton    I'Yedricksen ;    G.    I.   G.,   George    I.   Gilhcrtson; 
P.  H.  J.,  Paul  H.  Johnson;  L.  C.  L.,  L.  C.  Lippcrt ;  M.  K.  R.,  Merrill  K. 
Riley;  J.  A.  S.,  J.  A.  Salisbury;  H.  C.  S.,  Harry  C.  Severin ;  G.  B.  S., 
Gerald  B.  Spawn. 

3  Univ.  of  Cal.  Publications  in  Entomology,  Vol.  4,  No.  12,  pp.  404-405, 
1928. 


52  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

21,  1929;  Grass  Rope,  6  sp.  Aug.  23,  1929;  Howell,  14  sp. 
Sep.  5,  1930;  Kadoka  (Bad  Lands),  3  sp.  Aug.  25,  1929; 
McNeely,  1  sp.  Sep.  17,  1930;  Miranda,  9  sp.  Sep.  5,  1930; 
Pierre,  1  sp.  Aug.  22,  1927;  Smithwick,  3  sp.  Sep.  15,  1930; 
White  Lake,  13  sp.  Aug.  23,  1929;  all  by  G.I.G.  Capa,  6  sp. 
Aug.  12,  1919,  5  sp.  Aug.  24,  1922;  Orman  Dam,  1  sp.  Sep. 
10,  1929 ;  all  by  H.C.S.  Aurora  Co.,  4  sp.,  no  data. 

5.  (8005)   E.  SERICANS  Lee.     Buffalo,  4  sp.  June  20,  1926; 
Chamberlain,  9  sp.  June  15,  1928;  Hot  Springs,  4  sp.  June  26, 
1924,  1  sp.  Sep.  6,  '1923 ;  Newell,  3  sp.  June  29,  1923 ;  Philip, 
4  sp.  June  23,  1923,  Tulare,  1  sp.  July  13,  1928;  White  Lake, 
2  sp.  Aug.  23,  1923;  Whitewood,  1  sp.   June  21,  1926;  all  by 
G.I.G.    Capa,  3  sp.  Aug.  24,  1922 ;  Nowlin,  1  sp.  June  25,  1928 ; 
all  by  H.C.S.     Pierre,  1  sp.,  no  data. 

6.  (8007)   E.    CALLOSA    Lee.     Chamberlain,   3   sp.   June    15, 
1928;  Newell,  1  sp.  June  29,  1923,  8  sp.  July  5,  1923,  11  sp. 
Aug.    19,    1924;   all   by   G.I.G.      Capa,   8   sp.   Aug.   24,    1922 
(H.C.S.)  ;  Ipswich,  1  sp.  July  29,  1929;  Pierre,  5  sp. ;  Nowlin 
Co.,4  5  sp. ;  all  no   further  data. 

7.  (8017)   E.  MACULATA  Say.     Brule  Agency,  1  sp.  Aug  23, 
1927 ;  Cheyenne  Agency,  1   sp.  July  14,   1928 ;  Grass  Rope,  5 
sp.  June  19,  1929;  Herried,  8  sp.  June  15,  1929;  Orman  Dam, 
2  sp.  July  17,  1928;  Philip,  3  sp.  June  23,  1923;  Wall,  1  sp. 
June  24,  1921  ;  all  by  G.I.G.     Brookings,  9  sp.  June  13,  1911. 
Capa,  5  sp.  Aug.  24,   1922;  Cave  Hills,  1  sp.  July  22,  1928; 
Lemmon,  1  sp.    Aug.  24,  1924 ;  all  by  H.C.S.     Owanka,  11  sp. 
found  on   red  root    (Ccanothus  ovatus}    and  on  garden   vege- 
tables, July  14,   1930;  Parmelee,   1   sp.  June  20,   1930;  White 
River,  14  sp.  found  damaging  garden  vegetables,  July  14,  1930; 
all  by  L.A.C.     Nowlin  Co.,4  14  sp. ;  Slim  Buttes,  2  sp. ;  Volga, 
10  sp. ;  all  no  further  data. 

8.  (8019)   E.  LEMNISCATA  Fab.    Canton,  6  sp.  Aug.  3,  1922, 
(H.C.S.)     Springfield,  1  sp.  Aug.  27,  1926;  Tyndall,  \  sp.  Aug. 
27.   1929;  all  by  G.I.G. 

9.  (8024)   E.   CINEREA  Forst.     Brown's  Valley,    1   sp.    June 
23,  1927;  Elk  Point,  1  sp.  June  12,  1925;  Meckling,  2  sp.  June 
15,  1925;  Springfield,  1  sp.  June  16.  1926;  White,   1  sp.  Aug. 
10,  1927;  all  by  G.I.G. 

10.  (8032)   E.  CORVINA  Lee.     Grass  Rope,  3  sp.  Aug.  23, 
1929,  (G.I.G.)  ;  Hot  Springs,  2  sp.  Aug.  9,  1917. 

11.  (8033)   E.  PENNSYLVANICA  DeG.     Altamont,  9  sp.  Sep. 
5,   1930;  Buffalo,  2  sp.  Sep.  9,  1927;  Canton,  2  sp.  Aug.  16, 
1<)27;  Elk  Point,  1  sp.  Aug.  25,  1926;  Englewood,  1  sp.  Aug. 

1  The  specimens  labeled  "Nowlin  County"  are  from  the  Truman  Collec- 
tion and  were  probably  taken  in  the  early  nineties.  Nowlin  County  no 
longer  exists  but  has  long  since  been  enlarged  to  form  the  present  Haakon 
County. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

30;  1924;  Eureka,  9  sp.  Sep.  5,  1930;  Houghton.  2  sp.  Sep. 
5,  1930;  Howell,  14  sp.  Sep.  14,  1930;  Lake  City,  7  sp.  Sep. 
5,  1930;  Lake  Hendricks,  15  sp.  Aug.  10,  1927;  Lake  I'oinsett. 
3  sp.  Aug.  23,  1927;  Letcher,  8  sp.  Sep.  7,  1928;  Lowry,  17 
sp.  Sep.  5,  1930;  Miranda,  17  sp.  Sep.  5,  1930;  Mound  City, 
2  sp.  Sep.  5,  1930;  Smithwick,  1  sp.  Sep.  15,  1930;  Wewela, 
11  sp.  Sep.  16,  1930;  White,  1  sp.  Aug.  10,  1927;  White  Lake, 

2  sp.  Aug.  23,  1929;  all  by  (G.I.G.).     Brookings,  22  sp.  Aug. 

20,  1929;  Capa,  2  sp.  Aug.  24,  1922;  White,  1  sp.  July  26,  1922; 
all  by  H.C.S.     Brookings,  1  sp.  Aug.  4,  1929,  by  P.H.J.,  4  sp. 
Aug.  3,  6,  8  and  27,  1928,  all  from  white  sweet  clover  (Meli- 
lotiis  alba)  by  M.K.R.  and  M.F.,  5  sp.  Aug.  3,  6,  8  and  21, 
1928,  all   from  yellow  sweet  clover    (Melilotus  officiualis)    by 
M.K.R.  and  M.F.     Springfield,  7  sp.  June  15,  1930,  by  L.A.C. 
Forestburg,  1  sp.  Aug.  21,  1929;  Newell,  1  sp.  Aug.  20,  1924; 
Pierre,  3  sp.  Aug.  5,  1919;  Sisseton,  1  sp.  July  31,  1919,  1  sp. 
Aug.  29,  1921 ;  Slim  Buttes,  6  sp. ;  Yankton,  1  sp.  Aug.  7,  1916; 
all  no  further  data. 

12.  (8042)   MACROBASIS    UNICOLOR    Kirby.      Britton,    4    sp. 
[uly  10,   1927 ;  Brown's  Valley,  4  sp.  June  23,   1927 ;  Buffalo, 

3  sp.  June  20,  1925;  Canton,  1  sp.  June  12,  1926;  Centerville, 

1  sp.  June  14,   1928;  Chester,  2  sp.  June  17,   1930;  Meckling, 

2  sp.  June  13,   1925,  1  sp.   June  16,   1926;  Newell,  4  sp.  July 
5,  1925 ;  Rapid  City,  1  sp.  June  25,  1923 ;  Redfield,  2  sp.  June 

21,  1927;  Tabor,  1  sp.  June  20,  1924;  Vermillion,  4  sp.  June 
11,    1921;    Waubay,    1    sp.    Aug.    29,    1927;   all    by    (G.I.G.). 
Brookings.  1   sp.  Apr.  29,  1919,  9  sp.  June  13,  1911,  3  sp.  on 
Caragana  (Siberian  Pea)  June  16,  1930,  3  sp.  June  21,  1918, 
2  sp.  July  17,  1924;  Clover,  2  sp.  June  18,  1929;  Huron,  7  sp. 
June  >,  "1928;    Ludlow,    1    sp.   June    1,    1928;   all   by    H.C.S. 
Brookings,    13    sp.    from   yellow   sweet   clover    (Mclilotns   offi- 
cinalis)   fune  25  to  July  23,  1928,  21  sp.  from  white  sweet  clover 
(Mclilotns  alba)    July  7  to  Aug.  8,   1928;  all  by  M.K.R.  and 
M.F.     Colton,  2  sp.' June   17,    1930;   Eureka,    1   sp.  June  25, 
1930;  Irene,  1  sp.  June  17,  1930;  Parmelee,  2  sp.  June  20,  1930; 
all  by  L.A.C.    Chester,  1  sp.  June  29,  1930,  (G.B.S.).    Garden 
City,  3  sp.  June  26,  1919;  Meadow,  4  sp.  June  21,  1921 ;  Nowlin 
Co.,4  1  sp. ;  Pierre,  1  sp.  June  21,  1928;  all  no  further  data. 

13.  (19616)    M.  MURINA  Lee.     Brown's  Valley.  10  sp.  June 
23,  1927;  Englewood,  1  sp.  June  18,  1925;  Florence,  1  sp.  June 
23,  1927;  Lead,  2  sp.  July  12,  1923;  all  by  G.I.G.     Brookings, 
1  sp.  June  12,  1923;  White,  1  sp.  July  1,  1925,  all  by   M.C. 
Brookings,  6  sp.  from  yellow  sweet  clover  (  Mclilolns  officinal  is) 
June  25  to  Aug.  8,  1928,  by  M.K.R.  and  M.F. 

14.  (8053)    M.   IM  MACTI.ATA  Say.     Chamberlain.  2  sp.    July 
10,  1930,  by  H.C.S.;  White  River, 'July  14,  1()30,  29  sp.  found 
causing  injury  to  garden  vegetables   (L.A.C.). 


54  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

15.  (8054)   M.  SEGMENTATA  Say.     Chamberlain,  9  sp.  June 
15,    1928;   Grass   Rope,    11   sp.   June    19,    1929;    Oglala    (Bad 
Lands),  1  sp.  June  20,  1928;  Pierre,  1  sp.  June  25,  1928,  6  sp. 
July  15,  1927;  Wheeler  Bridge,   1  sp.  Aug.  20,   1927;  White- 
wood,  4  sp.  June  21,  1926;  all  by  (G.I.G.).     Brookings,  1  sp. 
June  15,  1924;  Chamberlain,  1  sp.  July  15,  1930;  White  River, 
2  sp.  May  26,  1921 ;  all  by  H.C.S.     White  River,  6  sp.  found 
damaging  garden  vegetables  June  14,  1930  (L.A.C.).     Interior 
(Bad  Lands),  4  sp.  June  19,  1924;  Slim  Buttes,  6  sp. ;  no  fur- 
ther data. 

16.  (8066)   LYTTA  NUTTALLI  Say.     Buffalo,  3  sp.  June  20, 
1925 ;  Newell,  5  sp.   June  29  and  July  5,   1923 ;  Sisseton  Ind. 
Res.  1  sp.  June  23,  1927 ;  all  by  G.I.G.    Brookings,  4  sp.  July  2, 
1924;  Faulkton,  2  sp.  July  10,  1922;  all  by  H.C.S.     Selby,  32 
sp.  July  20  to  30,  1927,  by  G.I.G.,  L.C.L.  and  J.A.S.     Brook- 
ings, 3  sp.  June  19,  1891 ;  Leola,  4  sp.  July  17,  1908,  no  further 
data. 

17.  (8075)   L.  BIGUTTATA  Say.     Nowlin  Co.,4  3  sp.,  no  data. 

18.  (8102)   L.  SPHAERICOLLIS  Say.     Buffalo,  7  sp.  June  20, 
1925,  2  sp.  Aug.  26,  1924;  Chamberlain,  2  sp.  June  15,  1928; 
Grass  Rope,  9  sp.  June  15,   1929;  Mobridge,  3  sp.  Aug.  20, 
1924;  Mossman,  3  sp.  July  14,   1928;  Philip,  3  sp.  June  23, 
1923;  Whitewood,  12  sp.  July  18,  1923;  all  by  G.I.G.     Camp 
Crook,  1  sp.  July  21,  1928  (H.C.S.).     Hot  Springs,  2  sp.  June 
22,  1930  (L.A.C.).     Brookings,  2  sp. ;  Mobridge,  1  sp.  July  20, 
1930;  no  further  data: 

19.  (8137)   HENOUS  CONFERTUS  Say.    Springfield,  1  sp.  June 
13,  1925,  1  sp.  Tune  15,  1928;  Yankton,  2  sp.  Aug.  30,  1930; 
all  by  G.I.G.     Yankton,  1  sp.  Aug.  6,  1923  (H.C.S.). 

20.  (8148)   MELOE  AMERICANUS  Leach.    Canton,  1  sp.  Aug. 
27,  1923;   1  sp.  Sep.   16,   1925;  Custer,   1  sp.  Sep.   11,   1927; 
Englewood,   1   sp.   Sep.    14,   1930;   Springfield,   1   sp.  Aug.  27, 
1926;  all  by  G.I.G.     Brookings,  2  sp.  Oct.  15,  1924. 

Subfamily  NEMOGNATHINAE. 

21.  (8196)   TRICRANIA  STANSBURYI  Haldeman.     Two  speci- 
mens labeled  ''South  Dakota"  were  found  in  the  former  Tru- 
man Collection. 

22.  (8156)   ZONITIS  ATRIPENNIS  Say.     Hot  Springs,  3  sp. ; 
Volga,  3  sp. ;  no  further  data. 

23.  (8158)   ZONITIS  BILINEATA  Say.     Yankton,   1    sp.  Aug. 
6,  1923,  (H.C.S.).    Aurora  Co.,  3  sp.,  no  further  data. 

24.  (8l68)   GNATHIUM  MINIMUM  Say.     Buffalo,  1  sp.  Sep. 
9,  1927;  Martin,  1  sp.  Sep.  3,  1924;  all  by  G.I.G.    Hot  Springs, 
1  sp. ;  Pierre,  14  sp. ;  Rapid  City,  1  sp. ;  Volga,  1  sp. ;  no  further 
data. 

25.  (8172)   NEMOGNATHA  LURIDA  Lee.     Newell,   1  sp.  July 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

5,  1923,  (G.I.G.).    Brookings,  3  sp. ;  Xmvlin  Co.,4  5  sp. ;  Rapid 
City,  3  sp. ;  Volga,  4  sp. ;  no  further  data. 

26.  (8174)    N.   LUTEA   Lee.      Hot    Springs,   2   sp.   June   26, 
1924;   Newell,   1  sp.   June  29,   1923;  Rosebud,  2  sp.  June  18, 
1927;  all  by  G.I.G.     VVewela,   1  sp.  June  19,  1930  (L.A.C.). 
Nowlin  Co.,4  1  sp.,  no  data. 

27.  (8175)   N.  BICOLOR  Lee.     Rapid  City,  2  sp.  no  data. 

28.  (8178)   N.  PALLIATA  Lee.     Lake  Oakwood,    1   sp.  July 
10,  1921  (H.C.S.).    Brookings,  8  sp. ;  Volga,  3  sp. ;  no  further 
data. 

29.  (8181)    N.   NIGRIPENNIS  Lee.      5   sp.   labeled  "Western 
South  Dakota"  from  the  Truman  Collection. 

30.  (8185)   N.  IMMACULATA  Say.     Aurora  Co.,  4  sp. ;  Hot 
Springs,  1  sp. ;  Nowlin  Co.,4  4  sp. ;  Rapid  City,  2  sp. ;  Volga, 
2  sp. ;  no  further  data. 

Relationships  of  the  Gyrinidae   (Coleoptera). 

Part  19  of  the  Catalogue  of  Indian  Insects  (Calcutta:  Gov- 
ernment of  India  Central  Publication  Branch  1930,  37  pp.) 
is  on  the  Gyrinoidea,  by  George  Ochs  of  Frankfurt  am  Main. 
The  following  is  taken  from  his  Preface : 

"The  Gyrinidae  are  generally  considered  as  a  family  of  the 
sub-order  Adephaga.  They  are  indeed  adephagid  in  some  gen- 
eral characters,  in  other  characters,  however,  they  are  abnormal 
and  approach  other  families,  which  are  far  from  the  adephagous 
series.  From  this  I  concluded,1  concerning  their  phylogenetic 
origin,  that  the  Gyrinidae  must  be  older  than  the  true  Adephaga, 
which  opinion  was  already  expressed  by  Lameere,2  Fowler3 
and  other  authors.  For  this  reason,  it  would  perhaps  be  best, 
to  consider  the  Gyrinidae  as  an  isolated  family,  like  for  ex- 
ample the  Palpicornia,  with  which  they  have  probably  some, 
tin  nigh  very  distant,  relations.  Nevertheless,  the  nearest  allies 
existing  are  the  Adephaga,  but  if  placed  in  this  series,  this 
requires  a  subdivision,  and  I  feel  inclined  to  follow  the  arrange- 
ment of  Leng  4  and  of  Tillyard/'  who  unite  the  true  Adephaga 
in  a  superfamily  (Caraboidea)  and  consider  the  Gyrinoidea  as 
a  section  of  equivalent  value.  I  cannot  agree  with  Hatch,1'1 
who  regards  the  Gyrinidea  [Gyrinidae?]  as  simply  derived  from 
the  Dytiscidae,  and  must  therefore  reject  the  arrangement  of 
Handlirsch,7  who  unites  the  Gyrinidae  with  the  aquatic  families 
of  the  Adephaga  in  his  Hydrocantharini." 

1  Ochs,  Ent.  Zeitschr.  Frankf.,  XXXX:  122.  1926. 
"  Lameere,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  XLIV :  376.  1900. 

3  Fowler,  Fauna  Brit.  Ind.,  Col. :  50.  1912. 

4  Leng,  Cat.  Col.  N.  Amer. :  26.  1920. 
"Tillyard,  Ins.  of  Austral.  &  N.  Zeal.:  187.  19_V 
"Hatch,  Papers.  Midi.  Acad.,  V:  4.30.  1925. 

7  Handlirsch  in  Schrocdcr's  Handb.  tier  Kntnm..  Ill:  550.  1925. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,   FEBRUARY,  1931. 

Entomology  at  the  Convocation  Week   Meetings, 
December  29,  1930,  to  January  3,  1931. 

Our  annual  summary  of  the  entomological  items  of  the 
programs  of  the  eighty-seventh  meeting  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  and  associated 
societies,  held  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  follows. 

The  number  of  papers  listed  by  the  various  societies  were : 

Entomological  Society  of  America 41 

American  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists 88 

American  Society  of  Zoologists 20 

Same,  Genetics  Section 8 

Ecological  Society  of  America 4 

American  Phytopathological  Society 1 

American  Society  of  Parasitologists 5 

American  Society  of  Tropical  Medicine 1 

Phi  Sigma  Biological  Research  Society 10 

Invited  Papers  on  Hydrobiology  and  Agriculture 

(pages  xliv-xlv  of  the  General  Program)    2 

Total    180 

These  papers  were  distributed  in  subject  as  follows: 

i                                Apiculture    3 

General  Entomology 4  Insects    Affecting    Cereals, 

History  of  Entomology  ..  1  Forage  and  Field  Crops .  22 

Collecting,    Mounting    and            Do.  Truck  Crops    5 

Rearing  Methods 5  Do.  Greenhouse  Plants   .  .  2 

Cytology 9  Do.  Fruits  and  Fruit  Trees  17 

Anatomy    3  Do.  Household  and  Stored 

Physiology   28         Products 5 

Ecology    18  Do.  Forest  &  Shade  Trees  7 

Geographical  Distribution.  13  Do.  Carrying  Plant  Disease 

Ontogeny   7          Germs 1 

Genetics    13 

Parasites  of  Insects 4  ii 

Insects,  etc.,  Affecting  Man           Acarina    4 

and  Other  Animals  ....  8     Pseudoscorpionida    1 

Taxonomy    7     Orthoptera 8 

General    Economic    Ento-             Mallophaga    1 

mology    4     Isoptera    3 

Insecticides    10     Odonata    3 

56 


xlii,    '31  J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  57 

Ephemericla   1  Lepidoptera   (excluding 

Homoptera     16  Codling    Moth,    Oriental 

Heteroptera    5  Peach    Moth    and    Corn 

Coleoptera  (excluding  llorers)     18 

Japanese  Beetle)   9         Codling  Moth   3 

Japanese  Beetle 2  Oriental  Peach  Moth  .  .      1 

Hymenoptera  (excluding  Corn  Borers 9 

Honey  Bee)   17  Diptera  (excluding 

Honey  Bee 5         Drosophila)    24 

Trichoptera    1          Drosophila    6 

Many  of  these  figures  are  duplications,  both  between  sec- 
tions i  and  ii  and  also  within  each  section. 

In  addition  to  the  above  papers  there  were  exhibits  of  Pyre- 
thrum  flowers  by  Alfred  Weed  and  of  Mounting  Coleoptera, 
especially  Micros,  by  Henry  Dietrich,  in  connection  with  the 
Entomological  Society  of  America,  and  of  the  luminosity  of 
butterfly  wings  by  Austin  H.  Clark. 

The  Entomological  Society  of  America,  Dr.  Edith  M.  Patch, 
president,  Prof.  J.  J.  Davis,  secretary,  met  December  30  and  31. 
Thanks  to  Mr.  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  we  present  the  following  comment 
on  the  sessions.  The  attendance  averaged  from  80  to  100.  Prof. 
C.  T.  Brues  showed  remarkable  motion  pictures  of  hot  springs 
in  action  and  several  of  masses  of  living  brine  fly  larvae  ( Ephy- 
dridae)  ;  he  touched  upon  naucorids  and  small  water  beetles 
forming  part  of  the  insect  life  of  hot  springs.  Prof.  J.  G.  Need- 
ham  did  not  give  his  account  of  his  airplane  trip  to  the  West 
Indies  for  dragonflies.  Mr.  C.  H.  Curran  suggested  more  broad- 
ly and  truly  comprehensive  monographs,  new  catalogs  and  more 
complete  taxonomic  descriptions.  Dr.  E.  P.  Felt  proposed  a 
system  of  letter  symbols  for  placing  insects,  based  on  the  Dewey 
library  type.  Miss  Grace  H.  Griswold  gave  the  length  of  adult 
life  in  the  Webbing  Clothes  Moth  (Tincola  hiselliclla  Hum.)  as 
6-40  days  in  the  female,  6-70  days  in  the  male,  the  bulk  of  the 
individuals  of  the  two  sexes  respectively  living  23  and  43-53 
days.  Prof.  H.  B.  Hungerford  described  his  recent  visit  to  the 
entomological  museums  of  Upsala,  Stockholm,  Copenhagen, 
Kiel,  Hamburg,  Halle,  Berlin,  Berlin-Dahlem,  Vienna,  P>uda- 
Pest,  Paris,  Brussels,  Amsterdam,  Oxford  and  London.  Prof. 
H.  Osborn  gave  notes  on  the  work  of  Jared  Potter  Kirtland  in 
Ohio.  Prof.  B.  B.  Fulton  gave  an  analysis  of  the  species  of  the 
cricket  genus  Neinohins,  spoke  of  the  application  of  previous!} 
unused  male  genital  characters,  de-scribed  the  anatomv  of  the 
genitalia  of  both  sexes,  discussed  the  physiological  and  ecological 
forms  in  several  subspecies  of  A",  fascialiis  and  illustrated  typical 
habitats  of  various  forms.  Mr.  J.  W.  Wilson  described  injury 


58  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

to  vegetables  in  Florida  by  Tibiccn  davisi.  Mr.  George  S.  Tul- 
loch  described  the  ditching  done  in  Nantucket  in  1930  to  control 
mosquitoes  as  the  first  general  major  state  project ;  the  results 
were  very  satisfactory.  Mr.  F.  H.  Wilson  gave  the  duration  of 
the  incubation  period  of  the  egg  of  Lipcums  hctcrographus  as 
6-7  days,  1st  instar  6-12  days,  2nd  instar  10-11  days,  3rd  instar 
12-14  days,  adult  (  $  )  37,  (  9  )  38  days.  Prof.  R.  H.  Beamer 
stated  that  Brood  IV  of  the  Seventeen  Year  Cicada  has  been 
known  in  Kansas  since  1825 ;  it  appeared  in  the  eastern  portion 
of  the  State  in  1930,  largely  as  the  form  cassini,  probably  local- 
ized to  specific  environments ;  he  held  scptcndccim  and  cassini 
to  be  clearly  distinct  species  (e.g.,  differences  in  number  of  eggs 
laid,  in  song)  having  in  common  only  the  periodic  habit  and 
occurrence  in  the  same  brood.  Prof.  C.  L.  Metcalf,  by  aid  of 
very  finely  presented  diagrams  and  charts,  gave  a  summary  of 
temperate  and  some  tropical  insects,  ticks,  mites  and  spiders 
that  bite  man;  he  omitted  Dcnnatobia.  Dr.  N.  E.  Mclndoo  de- 
scribed the  geotropic  and  phototropic  responses  of  the  Mexican 
Bean  Beetle  as  well  as  those  to  various  types  of  sprayed  foliage 
after  determination  of  preference  to  sour,  bitter  and  sweet  sub- 
stances. Mr.  C.  E.  Abbott  spoke  of  the  proboscis  reflex  of 
decapitated  flies. 

The  annual  public  address  of  the  Society  was  given  on  the 
evening  of  December  30  by  Prof.  H.  J.  Ouayle,  comprising  an 
account  of  several  trips  to  the  Mediterranean  area,  southern 
Africa,  Japan  and  Australia,  studying  the  Mediterranean  fruit 
fly  problem. 

At  the  business  meeting,  twenty-five  dollars  was  voted  to  the 
Zoological  Record.  The  Committee  on  the  United  States 
National  Museum  reported  the  acquisition  of  the  Barnes  collec- 
tion of  Lepidoptera  by  the  museum.  A  committee  on  the  Fifth 
International  Congress  of  Entomology  was  authorized,  the 
chairman  to  be  appointed  by  the  president.  The  new  officers 
elected  were  president,  J.  W.  Folsom;  vice  presidents,  J.  M. 
Swaine  and  Harold  Morrison;  J.  J.  Davis  re-elected  secretary- 
treasurer. 

The  annual  address  by  the  president  of  the  American  Associa- 
tion of  Economic  Entomologists,  this  year  Mr.  Franklin  Sher- 
man, was  on  Census  Taking  in  Entomology,  given  on  the  morn- 
ing of  December  31. 

The  Entomologists'  Dinner  was  on  the  evening  of  the  same 
day.  President  Sherman  presented  Dr.  W.  E.  Britton  as  toast- 
master.  Dr.  W.  J.  Holland  was  the  guest  of  honor.  Addresses 
were  made  by  Doctors  Holland,  Patch,  Felt,  Needham,  Herbert 
Osborn,  O'Kane,  Vernon  Kellogg,  Lutz,  Burgess  and  Arthur 
Gibson ;  about  300  attended. 


xlii,    '31]  EXTOMOLOGICAL    \K\VS  59 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA  S.  MACKEY  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF 

E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  I  ]  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in  the  January  and  June 
numbers  (or  which  may  be  secured  from  the  publisher  of  Entomological 
News  for  lOc),  in  which  the  paper  appeared.  The  number  of,  or  annual 
volume,  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  ) 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only,  at  their 
first  installments. 

'Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Hf^Note  the  change  in  the  method  o/  citing  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers    published    in   the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Aurivillius,  C.— Obituary.  By  L.  R.  N. 
[Norsk  Ent.  Tidsskrift]  2:  307-308.  Bibliographia  Zoologi- 
ca.  Volume  40.  472  pp.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— The  description 
and  figuring  of  imperfect  fossils.  [68]  72:  654.  Gunn,  N. 
R- — The  Norman  R.  Gunn  collection  of  butterflies.  By  E.  P. 
Van  Duzee.  [55]  7:  72.  de  Joannis,  J. — Quelques  eclair- 
cissements  a  propos  de  la  loi  de  priorite.  [Lambillionea] 
1930:  180-181.  Internationale  Kongres  for  Entomologi.— 
IV.  [Norsk  Ent.  Tidsskrift]  2:  310-315.  McDonald,  F.  W. 

-Memories  of  some  Old  London  Entomologists.   [Pro.  So. 
Lond.  Ent.  &  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]   1929-30:  1-6.    Tillyard,  R.  J. 

-A  new  theory  of  the  evolution  of  the  insects.     131  I    126: 
996-998. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Brindley,  T.  A.- 

The  growth  and  development  of  Ephestin  kuehniclla  and 
Tribolium  confusum  under  controlled  conditions  of  tempera- 
ture and  relative  humidity.  [7]  23:  741-757,  ill.  Bugnion, 
E. — Les  pieces  buccales,  le  sac  infrabuccal  et  le  pharynx  des 
lourmis.  [Bull.  Soc.  R.  Ent.  Egypte]  1930:  85-204,  ill.  Chu- 
doba,  S. — Appareil  centriolaire  dans  les  cellules  sexuelles 
males  chez  Dytiscus  marginalis.  |77]  105  :  617-619,  ill.  Dun- 
ham, W.  E. — -Temperature  gradient  in  the  egg-laying  activ- 
ities of  the  queen  bee.  [43]  30:  403-410,  ill.  Flanders,  S.  E. 
-Wax  secretion  in  the  Rhizobiini.  (Col.)  |7]  23:  808-809, 
ill.  Howland,  L.  J. — The  nutrition  of  mosquito  larvae,  with 
special  reference  to  their  algal 'food.  [22|  21:  431-440,  ill. 
Marcovitch  &  Stanley. — The  climatic  limitations  of  the 


60  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

Mexican  bean  beetle.  [7]  23:  666-686,  ill.  Mehta,  D.  R.- 
Observations  on  the  influence  of  temperature  and  humidity 
on  the  bionomics  of  Dysdercus  cingulatus.  [22]  21  :  547-562, 
ill.  Misra,  A.  B. — On  the  post-embryonic  development  of 
the  female  lac  insect,  Laccifer  lacca  (Coccidae).  [22]  21  : 
455-467,  ill.  Oakland,  F. — Studien  ueber  die  arbeitsteilung 
und  die  teilung  des  arbeitsgebietes  bei  der  roten  waldameise 
(Formica  rufa).  [46]  20:  63-131,  ill.  Paterson,  N.  F.— The 
bionomics  and  morphology  of  the  early  stages  of  Paraphoe- 
don  tumidulus.  ( Phytophaga,  Chrysomelidae).  [93]  1930: 
627-676,  ill.  Pfeiffer  &  Stammer. — Pathogenes  leuchten  bei 
insekten.  |46]  20:  136-171,  ill.  Portier,  P. — Respiration  pen- 
dant le  vol  chez  les  lepidopteres.  [69]  105 :  760-764.  Pou- 
tiers,  R. — Influence  de  certains  facteurs  sur  la  nymphose  des 
larves  de  Ceratitis  capitata.  [77]  105:  709-710.'  Regnier  & 
Lespes — Sur  1'existence  d'une  generation  estivale  chez  le 
Criquet  pelerin  (Schistocera  gregaria).  [69]  191:  1082-1083. 
Reinig,  W.  F. — Phaenoanalytische  studien  viber  rassenbild- 
ung.  Psithyrus  rupestris.  [89]  Syst.  60:  257-280,  ill.  Zacher, 
F. — Untersuchungen  zur  morphologic  und  biologic  der  sa- 
menkafer  (Bruchidae-Lariidae).  [Arb.  Biol.  Reichs.  f.  Land- 
u.  Forstw.]  18:233-384,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA   AND    MYRIOPODA.— Brumpt,    M.   E.— 

Parasitisme  latent  de  1'lxodiphagus  caucurtei  chez  les  larves 
gorgees  et  les  nymphes  a  jeun  de  divers  ixodines  (Ixodes 
ricinus  et  Rhipicephalus  sanguineus).  [69]  191:  1085-1087. 
*Ewing,  H.  E. — A  fossil  arachnid  from  the  lower  carbonifer- 
ous shales  (Pocono  formation)  of  Virginia.  [7]  23:  641-643, 
ill.  *Jackson,  A.  R. — Results  of  the  Oxford  University  Ex- 
pedition to  Greenland,  1928.  Aranee  and  Opiliones  collected 
by  Major  R.  W.  G.  Kingston  ;  with  some  notes  on  Icelandic 
spiders.  [75]  6:639-656,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Borror,  D. 
J. — Notes  on  the  Odonata  occurring  in  the  vicinity  of  Silver 
Lake,  Logan  County,  Ohio,  from  June  25  to  September  1, 
1930.  [43]  30:  411-415.  *Hilton,  W.  A.— Pauropoda  from 
North  America.  [7]  23:  765-783,  ill.  Jaffuel,  P.  F.— Contri- 
bucion  al  estudio  de  los  Mecopteros.  [44]  33:  537-549,  ill. 
(S).  *Navas,  R.  P.  L. — Insectos  Neotropicos.  Algunos  in- 
sectos  de  Chile.  [44]  33:  17-24,  326-334,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Allard,  H.  A.— The  occurrence  of  the 
crickets  Anaxipha  pulicaria  and  Cycloptilum  trigonipalpum 
(Rehn  and  Hebard)  in  the  vicinity  of  the  District  of  Col- 
umbia, hitherto  unreported  here.  [10]  32:  144-146.  *Cho- 
pard,  L. — Descriptions  de  Gryllides  americains  nouveaux. 
[44]  33:  522-531,  ill.  (S).  *Fuiton,  B.  B.— Notes -on  Oregon 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  61 

• 

orthoptera  with  descriptions  of  new  species  and  races.  [7] 
23:  611-641.  *Sjostedt,  Y. — Orthopterentypen  im  Natur- 
historischen  Reichmuseum  zu  Stockholm.  I  Mantidae.  (S). 
f83|  21  A,  No.  32:  1-43.  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— deLong,  D.  M.— Yenational  characters 
in  Typhlocybinae  Avin.q-s.  [43]  30:  398-402.  ill.  *Knight,  H. 
H. — A  new  key  to  Paracalocoris  with  descriptions  of  eight 
new  species  (Miridae).  [7]  23:  810-827.  *Osborn,  H.- 
N'orth  American  leafhoppers  of  the  Athysanella  group 
(Cicadellidae).  [7]  23:  687-720.  ill.  Rivnay,  E— Host  selec- 
tion and  cannibalism  in  the  bed  bug  Cimex  lectularius.  |7] 
23:  758-764.  *Walley,  G.  S.— Notes  and  descriptions  of 
species  of  Arctocorixa  from  Ontario  and  Quebec  (Corixi- 
dae).  [4]  62:  280-286.  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— *d'Almeida,  R.  F.— Etude  sur  le 
genre  Terias.  [44]  33  :  421-427.  ill.  Felt,  E.  P.— The  Norway 
maple  Nepticula.  [10]  32:  146-149.  *Gehlen,  B— Neue 
Sphingiden.  (S).  [14]  44:  258-259.  ill.  Hoffman,  F.— Beit- 
rage  zur  Naturgeschichte  brasilianischer  schmetterlinge.  I. 
[45]  25:  93-112.  Keifer,  H.  H.— Argyresthias  found  in 
Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Francisco.  [55]  7:  76.  *Michael,  O. 
-Neue  Agrias-Ab.  vom  mittleren  Amazonas.  [14]  44:273- 
277,  cont.,  ill.  *Sternitsky,  R.  F. — A  new  subspecies  of  Ple- 
bejus  icariodes.  [55]  7:  93-94. 

DIPTERA.— ^Alexander,  C.  P.— New  species  of  crane 
flies  from  South  America.  Part.  TV.  (Tipulidae).  [7]  23:  721- 
740.  *  Alexander,  C.  P. — New  or  little-known  species  of  the 
genus  Gnophomyia  Osten  Saken  from  Ecuador  and  Peru 
(Tipulidae).  [44]"  33:  164-168.  ill.  de  Andrade,  E.  N.— Sub- 
sidios  para  a  entomologia  agricola  Brasiliera.  VIII.  Pes- 
quizas  sobre  a  biologia  da  mosca  da  Madeira.  Pantophthal- 
mus  pictits.  [Arch.  Ins.  Biol.,  Sao  Paulo]  3:  249-286,  ill. 
Andrews,  H.  W. — The  earlier  stages  of  Diptera.  [Pro.  So. 
Lond.  Ent.  &  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  1'L*)-30:  17-29.  *da  Costa 
Lima,  A. — Sobre  especies  do  goncro  Miamyia  subgenero 
Miamyia  (Culicidae ).  [Mem.  Inst.  ()swaldo  Cruz]  24:  187- 
194.  ill.  (S).  Curran,  C.  H. — A  new  Gymnopternus  from 
Oregon  (Dolichopidae).  |4|  62:  287.  Gibbins,  E.  G.— A 
simple  method  of  making  permanent  microscope  mounts  of 
mosquito  larvae.  [22]  21:  429-430.  ill.  Leeson,  H.  S.- 
Variations  in  the  wing  ornamentation  of  Anopheles  funestus. 
|22|  21  :  421-428,  ill.  '  *Painter,  R.  H.— Notes  on  some  Bom- 
byliidae  from  the  Rq>ul)lic  of  Honduras.  [7|  23:  793-807,  ill. 
Roberts,  R.  A. — The  wintering  habits  of  muscoid  flies  in 
Iowa.  |7|  23:  784-792.  *Seguy,  E. — Note  sur  quatre  Toxo- 
dc  rAmeri(|ue  centrale  et  meridionale.  [44]  33: 


62  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,    '30 

» 

532-536,  ill.  Stuardo,  C. — Notas  entomologicas  un  genero 
de  Nemestrinidae  no  mencionado  para  la  fauna  chilena.  [44] 
33:  161-163,  ill.  *Van  Duzee,  M.  C.— New  Dolichopodidae 
from  Connecticut.  [40]  439:  5pp.  *Webber,  R.  T. — A  re- 
vision of  the  N.  A.  Tachinid  flies  of  the  genus  Achaetoneura. 
[50]  78  (10):  37  pp.,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— *Arangua,  E.  V.— Contribuciones  al 
estudio  de  los  Cicindeliclae.  VI.  Una  nueva  especie  de  Cicin- 
dela  de  Mexico.  [44]  33:  504-506,  ill.  *Carr,  F.  S— New 
Canadian  Coleoptera.  I.  [4]  62:  278-279.  *Dallas,  E.  D.- 
Ceroglossus  Chilensis  ab.  Porteri,  nov.  ab.  Sinopsis  de  la 
familia  Karumiidae  y  nota  sobre  una  especie  sud-americana 
de  la  misma.  [44]  33:  351-353,  386-394,  ill.  *Fall,  H.  C.— A 
new  Aphodius  and  a  new  genus  and  species  of  Buprestidae 
from  California.  [55]  7:  73-76.  *Fisher,  W.  S.— A  new 
species  of  Chrysobothris  infesting  strawberry  plants  (Bu- 
prestidae). [10]  32:  149-152.  *da  Fonseca,  J.  P.— Urna  nova 
especie  do  genero  Coccotrypes  Ipidae  Cryphalinae.  (S). 
[Arch.  Ins.  Biol.,  Sao  Paulo]  3:  87-92,  ill."  Hinton,  H.- 
Observations  on  two  California  beetles  [55]  7:  94-95.  *Horn, 
W. — Stir  deux  especes  nouvelles  d'Odontochila  neotropiques 
et  quelques  autres  especes  rapprochees.  [44]  33:  154-158,  ill. 
Joseph,  H.  C.— El  Pinotus  torulosus.  [44]  33:  31-46,  ill. 
Lever,  R.  J.  A.  W. — Notes  on  nomenclature  of  some  Neo- 
tropical Chrysomelidae  with  descriptions  of  two  new  species. 
[75]  6:  668-671,  ill.  *Linsley,  E.  G.— New  Pogonocherus 
and  Ecyrus  (Cerambycidae)  with  notes  concerning  others. 
[55]  7:  77-90,  ill.  *Martin,  J.  O. — Two  new  coleopterous  in- 
sects from  Arizona.  [55]  7:  70-72.  Melzer,  J. — Longicorneos 
do  Brasil,  novos  ou  pouco  conhecidos  (Cerambycidae). 
[Arch.  Ins.  Biol.,  Sao  Paulo]  3:  187-208,  ill.  d'Orchymont, 
A. — Sur  deux  Palpicornia  (  Hydrophiloidea)  chiliens  appar- 
tenant  a  la  famille  des  Hydraenidae.  [44]  33:  96-102,  ill. 
*Pierce,  W.  D. — Studies  of  the  N.  A.  weevils  belonging  to 
the  superfamily  Platystomoidea.  [50]  77  (17):  34pp.,  ill. 
*Ray,  E. — A  study  of  South  American  Mordellidae.  [Col- 
eop.  Contri.]  1:  161-172,  ill.  Tragardh,  I.— Studies  on  the 
galleries  of  the  bark-beetles.  [22 J  21  :  469-480,  ill.  *Uhmann, 
E. — Amerikanische  Hispinen  aus  den  museen  ftir  Tierkunde 
und  Volkerkunde  zu  Dresden.  [48]  47:  149-155,  ill.  (S). 

HYMENOPTERA.— *Alfken,  J.  D.— Wissenschaftliche 
ergebnisse  der  schwedischen  entomologischen  Reisen  des 
Herrn.  Dr.  A.  Roman  1914-15  und  1923-24  in  Amazonas. 
Apidae.  |83|  21  A,  No.  28:  !-!(>.  Bequaert,  J.— Ashmead's 
genus  Polistella  (  Vespidae).  [55]  7:  91-93.  :i:Borgmeier,  T. 
— Duas  rainhas  de  Eciton  e  algumas  outras  Formigas  Brasi- 


xlii,    '31]     '  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  63 

leiras.  [Arch.  Ins.  Biol.,  Sao  Paulo]  3:  21-40,  ill.  Prison,  T. 
H. — A  contribution  to  the  knowledge  of  the  bionomics  of 
Bremus  americanorum.  [7]  23:  644-665,  ill.  Herbst,  P.— 
Sobre  Caupolicana  hirsuta.  [44]  33:  65-73,  ill.  (S).  *Reed, 
E.  P. — Nuevo  genero  de  avispas  masaridas  chilenas  (Noticia 
preliminar).  1 44]  33:  507-510,  ill.  :':Santschi,  F.— Quelqnes 
fourmis  de  Cuba  et  du  Bresil.  [Bull.  Soc.  R.  Ent.  Egypte] 
1930:  75-83.  Weld,  L.  H.— Notes  on  types  (Cynipidae). 
[10]  32:  137-144.  "Wilkinson,  D.  S.— New  Species  and  host 
records  of  Braconidae.  [22]  21:  481-487.  ill.  (S). 


Archilestes  grandis  (Ramb.)  in  Ohio  (Odonata: 

Agrionidae). 

The  following  is  extracted,  at  the  Editor's  request,  from  a 
letter  from  the  undersigned  to  Dr.  F.  M.  Gaige,  dated  October 
17,  1927. 

"I  was  down  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  September  25,  1927,  and 
had  a  most  remarkable  experience.  There  is  a  little  brook 
which  runs  through  the  west  side  of  the  campus  at  the  Western 
College,  and  which  at  its  head  is  merely  a  draw.  One  branch 
of  this  draw  goes  back  of  some  houses  on  the  campus,  and  is 
apparently  little  more  than  a  sewer ;  septic  tanks  are  located  on 
it.  Another  branch  of  the  draw  goes  back  into  the  Miami 
campus,  and  receives  refuse  liquids  from  the  chemical  laboratory 
and  the  power  house.  In  fact,  the  crawfish  farther  down  in 
the  creek  and  still  within  the  campus  above  the  rustic  bridge, 
were  all  dead  so  far  as  I  could  discover,  though  there  were  a 
few  mayfly  and  stonefly  larvae  in  the  creek.  Through  the 
campus  this  little  creek  meanders  among  well-sodded  knolls  or 
rounded  hills  which  are  kept  mowed  with  lawn  mowers.  At 
one  place  it  is  dammed  to  form  a  small  pool,  possibly  an  acre 
in  extent.  A  driveway  is  built  on  the  dam,  forming  this  pool. 
Just  above  the  pool  is  a  little  rustic  foot-bridge  over  the  creek. 
Here  the  creek  is  a  foot  or  two  wide  and  when  I  saw  it  two 
weeks  ago  and  last  Monday,  there  was  a  very  small  flow  of 
water.  The  creek  bed  itself,  just  above  the  foot-bridge,  is  com- 
posed of  broken  up  thin  pieces  of  very  fossiliferous  limestone. 
There  are  a  few  small  willows,  mint,  asters,  and  such  vegeta- 
tion on  the  creek,  but  it  is  practically  entirely  open  and  virtually 
landscaped — just  a  little  artificial-looking  dab  of  scenery.  But 
when  1  walked  down  to  it  two  weeks  ago  last  Sundav,  YOU 

o  -  j 

can  imagine  my  surprise  when,  just  above  the   foot-bridge,   I 

found    .-Irchilcstcs    i/nnnlis    living.      Can   you    imagine    such    a 


64  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,  '30 

thing?  It  is  altogether  the  most  surprising  find  I  have  ever 
made  in  collecting  dragonflies.  I  collected  four  of  them  (3  $  , 
1  9  )  that  day  when  I  first  found  them  and  saw  possibly  a 
dozen  more.  Last  Tuesday  (October  11)1  collected  five  more 
(4  $  ,  1  9  )  and  saw  several  I  did  not  disturb.  Some  were 
ovipositing,  as  far  as  I  observed  (and  I  made  only  three  obser- 
vations) in  living  twigs  of  willow  and  elm,  and  in  dead  twigs 
of  sycamore.  The  twigs  selected  were  from  one  foot  to  ten 
feet  elevation,  and  in  every  case,  over  the  water.  In  ovipositing 
they  flew  in  couple,  often  alighting  on  twigs  a  little  distance 
from  above  the  water  or  even  in  trees  or  shrubs  back  from  the 
creek  bank,  but  in  no  case  was  oviposition  observed  in  a  situ- 
ation from  which  the  larvae  would  not  fall  directly  into  the 
water. 

"The  creek  flows  through  the  dam,  forming  the  pool,  in  an 
arched  cement  culvert,  and  passes  at  once  into  an  uncared  for 
brush  woodlot,  much  more  shaded  than  above  the  rustic  bridge. 
Here,  just  below  the  culvert,  several  Arcliilcstes  were  seen  on 
September  25,  but,  though  I  looked  for  them  there  on  October 
11,  none  were  seen  though  they  were  in  undiminished  numbers 
just  above  the  bridge." 

At  the  time  I  visited  Oxford  I  talked  with  a  caretaker  on 
the  Western  College  campus  who  told  me  that  in  the  sixteen 
years  he  had  been  there,  he  thought  the  creek  had  never  been 
dry,  and  that  in  the  winter  it  never  froze  but  "steamed"  all 
winter.  He  said  the  chemicals  it  carried  killed  all  the  gold  fish, 
planted  in  the  pool  several  times.  On  October  llth  I  visited 
several  other  small  streams  emptying  into  the  same  stream  into 
which  the  campus  creek  flowed  but  found  no  Archilcstcs  on 
any  of  them.  On  the  campus  stream  the  Archilcstcs  flew 
along  the  creek,  and  occasionally  breezed  out  over  the  adjacent 
lawn  to  a  distance  of  maybe  50-100  feet  from  the  stream,  flying 
2-3  feet  high,  and  returning  to  the  stream  without  alighting  at 
any  distance  from  it.  Strange  as  it  may  seem,  during  such 
flights  in  the  sun,  out  from  the  stream  and  back  again,  they 
somehow  suggested  a  gomphine — that  is  at  a  distance,  of  course. 

Arcliilcstes  grandis  was  associated  on  the  creek  with  Acshna 
miibrosa.  At  the  pond  on  the  same  date  (October  11)  were 
Sympetntm  vicinum,  Ana.r  jnnins,  Ischnura  vcrticalis  and 
Enallagma  civile.  E.  B.  WILLIAMSON,  Bluffton,  Indiana. 


Archilestes   in   Ohio    (Odonata,   Agrionidae). 

Nymphs  of  the  damselfly,  Archilcstcs,  (A.  grandis?)  have 
been  found  in  pools  about  Dayton,  Ohio.  Heretofore  the 
known  range  of  this  genus  has  been  from  Washington  to 
California,  except  in  one  instance  from  Arkansas. 

The  record  was  verified  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Needham. 

CHARLES  W.  COTTERMAN,  Dayton,  Ohio. 


Subscriptions  for  1931  are  now  payable. 

MARCH,  1931 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XLII  No.  3 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 

CONTENTS 

Hebard — The  Races  of  Diapheromera  veliei  (Orthoptera,  Phasmidae, 

Heteronemiinae) ...  65 

Laurent — Notes  on  Tremex  columba  Linn.  (Hymen. :  Siricidae)  ...  67 

Knowlton — Notes  on  Utah  Heteroptera  and  Homoptera 68 

,  Frost — New  Species  of  West  Indian  Agromyzidae  (Diptera)  ...  72 

Hatch — The  Status  of  Leng's  Classification  of  the  Coleoptera 76 

Pate — A  New  Belomicrus  from  the  West  (Hymen.:  Sphecidae)..  77 
Chamberlin — A  New  Milliped  of  the  Genus  Fontaria  from  Mississippi 

(Chilognatha:  Xystodesmidae).      

Barber — Change  of  address       79 

Talbot — The  Naming  of  Individual  Variants  in  Lepidoptera 80 

Bequaert — Midges  on  Wings  of  Odonata 82 

Barringer — Bites  by  Aphis  Lion  (Neur. :   Chrysopidae) 

Entomological  Literature 84 

Review — Bradley's  Manual  of  the  Genera  of  Beetles 88 

Review — Thomas  Say,  Early  American  Naturalist 90 

Review — The  African  Republic  of  Liberia  and  the  Belgian  Congo..  .    .  93 

Obituary— James  H.  Emerton 95 

Obituary — Jurius  Philiptschenko..  .    .  .    .  95 

Obituary — James  S.  Hine,  Fritz  Ris 96 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January  15,  1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 

Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors 
Advisory   Committee:     Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G  Rehn,   Chas.   Liebeck,  J 

Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 

Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions         .        .       $3.00 
Canada,  Central  and  South  America  •     .        3.15 
Foreign          .......         3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue.  1  in..  $  1.20.  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  8.00 
Ten  issues  "  11.00,  "  20.00,  35.00,  70.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of   the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  the  numbers  will  be  furnished  only  at  the  regular  rate  for  single 
copies.  Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  exyense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS!  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted ;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 


The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  fr»c  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies.  35  cents: 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies.  25  cents:  greater  number? 
of  copies  will  he  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


JNTOMOLOGICAJ^NEWS^ 

VOL.  XLII.  MARCH,    1931  No.  3 


The  Races  of  Diapheromera  veliei  (Orthoptera, 
Phasmidae,  Heteronemiinae). 

By  MORC.AN  HEBARD,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

Recently  in  our  studies  of  the  Orthoptera  of  Kansas  we  found 
that  Diapheromera  I'dici  Walsh,  occurred  in  its  typical  form 
over  that  entire  State,  its  maximum  abundance  being  reached  in 
the  central  Great  Plains.  It  is  apparently  less  hardy  than  Dia- 
pheromera fcinontta  (Say)  as  its  known  northern  limits  are  Lake 
Hendricks,  South  Dakota,  and  Julesburg,  Colorado,  while  toward 
the  foot  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  Colorado  (except  probably 
in  its  southern  portion)  it  disappears,  this  probably  due  there  to 
the  greater  elevation  and  consequently  more  boreal  environment 
of  the  plains. 

To  the  south  we  have  it  typical  as  far  as  Stillwater,  Oklahoma, 
Dalhart,  Texas,  and  Vaughn,  New  Mexico,  and  it  reaches  west- 
ward over  the  lower  divides  of  the  Rockies  as  far  as  Albuquerque, 
in  the  latter  State.  Further  south  in  Texas  and  New  Mexico, 
however,  we  find  it  supplanted  by  a  geographic  race  and  study 
of  the  literature  convinces  us  that  that  race  must  bear  the  name 
Diapheromera  veliei  mesilhina  Scudder.  The  following  data  lead 
to  this  conclusion. 
DIAPHEROMERA  VELIEI  MESILLANA  Scudder. 

1901.  Diapheromera  uicsillauu  Scudder,  Psyche,  IX,  p. 
189.  [[Juv.]  $  ;  between  Mesilla  and  Las  Cruces,  New 
Mexico.] 

1()07.  B\acnnculns\  te.vanus  Brunner,  Insektenfam.  der 
Phasmiden,  p.  333.  [  5  ,  $  ;  Texas.1] 

Scudder  described  mesillana  from  immature  males  and,  though 
difficult  to  associate  specifically,  we  have  sufficient  such  material 
to  be  satisfied  that  the  species  represented  is  the  same  as  that 

1  The  specimen  recorded  from  New  York  was  either  mislabeled  or  repre- 
sents a  distinct  species. 

65 


66  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

here  discussed  from  large  series  of  adults.  In  the  Rio  Grande 
valley  of  New  Mexico  this  is  the  only  species  of  this  type  present. 
Brunner's  description  of  Bacunculus  tcxanus  is  very  unsatis- 
factory. Probably  immature  material  (at  least  in  part),  in  which 
femoral  spines  are  often  lacking,  led  to  the  generic  assignment, 
as  there  is  no  Heteronemiid  found  in  the  United  States  in  which 
the  adults  have  both  median  and  caudal  femora  unarmed.  Select- 
ing Texas  as  type  locality  of  tc.ninus,  we  find  that  the  description 
fits  best  the  present  insect  of  the  forms  which  occur  in  that  State 
and  we  therefore  place  that  name  as  a  synonym.  With  the  wealth 
of  material  which  was  available  in  preparing  "Die  Insekten- 
familie  der  Phasmiden"  it  is  very  regrettable  that  the  work 
throughout  is  so  very  superficial  and  inaccurate. 


Fig.  1.     Diaphcromera  vclici  vcliei  Walsh.    Lateral  view  of  male  poculum. 

Syracuse,  Kansas.     (Much  enlarged.) 
Fig.  2.     Diaphcromera  vcliei  mesillana   Scudder.     Lateral   view   of   male 

poculum.     Foothills  of  Ord  Mountains,  Brewster  County,  Texas. 

(Much  enlarged.) 

This  race  differs  from  typical  vcliei  in  having  the  male  poculum 
very  broadly  lipped,  while  in  the  female  sex  the  femoral  apices 
are  usually  strikingly  suffused  with  black.  The  head  averages 
broader,  but  this  is  apparently  not  constant,  and  the  female  cerci 
average  considerably  shorter.  Though  in  all  central  Texan 
material  the  female  femoral  apices  are  conspicuously  black,  this 
marking  is  wholly  absent  in  a  female  before  us  from  Vaughn, 
New  Mexico  and  in  one  from  El  Paso,  Texas.  It  is,  however, 
very  decided  in  a  female  from  Pecos,  Texas  and  in  one  from 
Lake  Valley,  Sierra  County,  New  Mexico.  Absence  of  such 
marking,  never  found  in  typical  vcliei,  may  indicate  that  such  an 
individual  has  developed  in  different  plants  or  bushes  than  are 
usually  selected  by  the  present  insect. 


xlii,    '31  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  (>7 

Intergraclation  with  relief  relici  is  shown  by  the  following 
material.  A  large  series  from  Midland,  Texas,  has  the  male 
proculum  as  in  typical  vclici;  the  females  have  the  femoral  apices 
narrowly  suffused  with  black  and  the  cerci  very  elongate,  even 
more  elongate  than  the  average  for  relief  relief,  in  which  mure- 
individual  variation  in  this  feature  is  shown  than  in  relief 
uiesillana.  A  large  series  from  Melena,  Chaves  County,  New 
Mexico,  is  similar  except  that  the  female  cerci  are  slightly 
shorter,  though  much  longer  than  in  relief  inesilldnu. 

The  range  of  the  present  race  extends  from  Lake  Valley  and 
Deming,  New  Mexico,  east  to  Robstown  and  Cisco,  Texas.  It 
was  reported  from  San  Diego,  Alice  and  Victoria,  Texas,  as 
relici  by  Caudell  in  1918. 2  It  is  one  of  the  most  abundant  and 
generally  distributed  Phasmids  in  central  Texas,  where  it  is 
particularly  encountered  on  the  low  mesquite  trees  which  there 
are  thickly  scattered  over  the  plains.  Its  area  of  intergradation 
with  relici  relief  apparently  extends  from  central-northern  east 
New  Mexico  eastward. 


Notes  on  Tremex  columba  Linn.  (Hymen.:  Siricidae). 

In  the  latter  part  of  May,  near  my  home  in  the  suburbs  of 
Philadelphia,  I  noticed  a  maple  tree  that  was  dead  or  nearly 
so ;  on  examining  the  trunk  of  the  tree  I  found  numerous 
larvae  of  Trcmc.v  columba.  I  cut  out  a  section  of  the  trunk 
about  20  inches  long  and  10  inches  in  diameter,  taking  it  home 
and  placing  it  in  one  of  my  breeding  cages.  The  first  Treine.v 
emerged  on  June  16.  From  June  16  to  26,  96  males  and  10 
females  emerged  ;  7  males  and  22  females  were  obtained  from 
June  27  to  July  6,  from  July  7  to  16,  5  males  and  1  female, 
6  males  and  5  females  from.  July  17  to  31,  and  6  males  and 
4  females  during  the  month  of  August.  In  all  162  Trenie.r 
emerged  from  this  small  section  cut  from  the  trunk  of  the  tree, 
-120  males  and  42  females.  I  kept  the  log  for  some  time  but 
did  not  obtain  any  specimens  after  the  month  of  August.  Have 
wondered  how  many  hundred  Treiue.v  coluniha  there  were  in 
that  tree,  which  was  about  25  feet  high  and  12  inches  in 
diameter.  PHILIP  LAURENT. 

"  Ent.  News,  XXIX,  p.  25. 


68  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

Notes  on  Utah  Heteroptera  and  Homoptera. 

By  GEORGE  F.  KNOWLTON. 

(Continued  from  page  43). 
Family  ANTHOCORIDAE  (Am.  and  Serv.). 

52.  ANTHOCORIS  ANTEVOLENS  White.     In  leaves  curled  by 
ProcijyJiilus  fra.vinifolii  (Riley),  Hyrum,  June,  1929  (Knowl- 
ton). 

Family  MIRIDAE   (Hahn). 

53.  TRIGONOTYLUS  RUFICORNIS  (Geoff.).   On  barley  in  Cache 
Valley,    1929    (Pack);    on    beets    at    Logan,    Aprif  20,    1929 
(Knowlton)  ;  on  wheat  and  oats,  Salt  Lake  City,  1929  (Pack)  ; 
on  Chcirinia  rcpanda,  Snowville,  June,  1930  (Knowlton). 

54.  ADELPTIOCORIS   SUPERRUS    (Uhl.).      Brigham   City,    Sep- 
tember 12,  1925  (Knowlton)  ;  on  beets  at  Fielding,  August  28, 
1925    (Knowlton)  ;    on    sugar-beets,    Hooper,    June    29,    1929 
(Knowlton)  ;    Logan,    August    19,    1925    (Knowlton)  ;    Manti, 
July  26,  1927  (Knowlton)  ;  Provo,  September  8.  1923   (Haw- 
ley)  ;  Trenton,  September  7,   1923   (Knowlton). 

55.  IRBISIA  BRACHYCERUS  var.  SOLANI  Heid.    Amalga,  June, 
1928  (Knowlton);  Logan,  July  5.  1929  (Knowlton). 

56.  THYRILLUS   PACIFICUS    (Uhl.).      Howell,   July   3,    1928 
(Knowlton). 

57.  LYGUS  PRATENSIS   (Linn.).     The  tarnished  plant  bug  is 
present    throughout    Utah,    commonly    attacking    sugar-beets, 
alfalfa,  potatoes,  and  many  other  crops.     It  often  becomes  ex- 
tremely abundant  and  more  or  less  damaging. 

58.  L.  PRATENSIS  var.  HESPERUS  Kngt.     Frequently  taken  on 
beets  and  alfalfa. 

59.  L.  PRATENSIS  var.  ELISUS  Van  D.     This  species  is  com- 
mon in  Utah  and  has  been  collected  at  Arthur,  Bear  River  City, 
Cornish,    Cove,   Delta,    Farmington,    Fairfield,    Garland,    Hyde 
Park,   Logan,   Lynndyl,   Millville,   Ogden,   Riverside,   Tremon- 
ton,  Wanship,  Willard,  and  many  other  places. 

60.  MELANOTRICHUS  BREVIROSTRIS  Knight.    Bear  River  City, 
September  9,  1925   (Knowlton). 

61.  PLAGIOGNATHUS   POLITUS   Uhl.      On   beets   at   Willard, 
July  26,  1927  (Knowlton). 

62.  ATOMOSCELIS  MODESTUS   (Van  D.).     On  sugar-beets  at 
Lewiston,  June  5,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  on  mustard  at  Snowville, 
May  18,  1929  (Knowlton). 

63.  CLAMYDATUS  ASSOCIATUS  (Uhl.).    Bear  River  City,  Sep- 
tember 9,  1925  (Knowlton)  ;  Brigham  City,  September  10,  1925 
(Knowlton)  ;  Garland,  September  6,  1925  (Knowlton)  ;  Lewis- 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  69 

ton,  August  8,  1929  (  Knowlton)  ;  Trenton,  September  1,  1925 
(Knowlton). 

64.  CAMPYLOMMA   VERBASCI    (Meyer).     On   sugar-beets   at 
Ogden,  June  23,  1927  (Knowlton). 

Family  GERRIDAE  (Am.  and  Serv.). 

65.  GERRIS  REMIGIS  Say.     Benson,  April  8,  1930  (Knowl- 
ton) ;  Grantsville,  April  3,   1930    (Knowlton)  ;  Lehi,  April  4, 
1930    (Knowlton)  ;   Logan   Meadows,   April  8,    1930    (Knowl- 
ton) ;  Providence,  June,  1930  (M.  J.  Janes). 

66.  LIMNOPORUS  RUFOSCUTELLATUS  Latr.     Benson,  April  8, 
1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Logan,  and  Logan  Meadows,  April  8,  1930 
( Knowlton ) . 

Family  NOTONECTIDAE  (Leach). 

67.  NOTONECTA    IRRORATA    Uhl.      Logan,    October    1,    1922 
(Knowlton). 

68.  N.  UNDULATA  Say.   Logan,  October  7,  1922  (Knowlton). 

69.  N.    UNIFASCIATA    Guer.      Grantsville,    April    12,    1930 
(Knowlton)  ;    Lehi,   April   4,    1930    (Knowlton)  ;    Locomotive 
Springs,  April  10,  1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Pleasant  Grove,  April  4, 
1930  (Knowlton). 

70.  N.   KIRBYI   Hung.     Grantsville,   April   12,  and   May  26, 
1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Logan.  October  1,  1922  (Knowlton)  ;  Skull 
Valley,  April  12,  1930  (Knowlton  and  C.  H.  Smith). 

Family  BELOSTOMIDAE   (Leach). 

71.  LETHOCERUS  AMERICANUS  (Leidy).    Lehi,  May  27,  1930 
(Knowlton,   M.  J.  Janes)  ;  Logan,   November,    1923    (Knowl- 
ton) ;  Ogden,  August,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Salt  Lake  City,  July 
18,  1921  (Knowlton). 

Family  CORIXIDAE  (Leach). 

72.  ARCTOCORIXA  LAEVIGATA  (Uhl.).    American  Fork,  April 
4,  1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Lehi,  April  4,  1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Loco- 
motive Springs,  April  12,  1930  (Knowlton),  Logan,  April  12, 
1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Pleasant  Grove,  April  4,  1930  (Knowlton)  ; 
Salt  Lake  City,  May  27,  1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Skull  Valley,  April 
3,  1930  (Knowlton). 

Order  HOMOPTERA  Latreille. 

Family  CICADIDAE   (Latreille). 

73.  DICEROPROCTA  APACHE  Davis.     St.  George.  1919  (R.  A. 
Morris). 

74.  CACAMA  VALVATA    (Uhl.).     St.  George,  June   18,   1921 
(D.  McFarland). 


70  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

75.  OKANAGANA    UTAHENSIS    Davis.      Bountiful,    July    12, 
1929  (Pack  and  M.  J.  Janes)  ;  Cooperton,  July  3,  1929  (Knowl- 
ton)  ;   Corinne,   June  22,    1929    (Knowlton)  ;    Fort   Duchesne, 
June  25,  1926  (W.  Sorenson)  ;  Logan,  July  31,  1923  (Knowl- 
ton) ;  Mill  Creek  Canyon,  June  22,   1926   (Knowlton);  Rattle 
Snake  Pass,  July  11,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Salt  Lake  City,  July  3, 
1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Skull  Valley,  June  26,  1929  (Knowlton  and 
W.  Keller);  Snowville,  July  11,  1929  (Knowlton);  Stansbury 
Island,  June  13,  1913  (Pack,  Hagan,  Titus). 

76.  O.  SCHAEFFERI  Davis.    Beaver,  July  6,  1927  (Knowlton) 
and  June  25,  1927  (Pack). 

77.  O.  VANDUZEEI  Distant.     Bountiful,  June  22,  1929  (Pack 
and  M.  J.  Janes). 

78.  O.  GIBBERA  Davis.     Corinne,  June  22,  1929   (Knowlton 
and  M.  F.  Bo  wen)  ;  Delle,  July  24,   1929   (Knowlton)  ;  "The 
Delle",   July   24,    1929    (Knowlton)  ;    Hardup,    June   9,    1930 
(Knowlton)  ;  losepa,  June  14,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Timpie,  June 
15,  1929  (Knowlton  and  Keller)  ;  Skull  Valley,  June  12,  1929 
(Knowlton). 

79.  O.  BELLA  Davis.     Blue  Creek,  June  17,  1930  (Knowlton 
and  M.  J.  Janes)  ;  Brigham  Canyon,  June  17,  1930  (Knowlton 
and  Janes)  ;  Cache  Junction,  June  20,  1909  (C.  P.  Smith)  and 
June  23,  1912  (Hagan)  ;  Garland,  June  18,  1904;  Logan,  July 
14,  1906,  July  2,  1909  (Stewart)  ;  Logan  Canyon,  June  26,  1920 
(G.  E.  King)  ;  Sardine  Canyon,  June  20,  1930  (Knowlton  and 
M.  J.  Janes)  ;  Stansbury  Island,  June  13,  1913  (Pack,  Hagan, 
Titus). 

80.  O.    STRIATIPES     (Halcl.).      Bonneville,    July    16,     1909 
(Titus);  Bountiful,  July  12,  1929  (Pack);  Fairview,  July  10, 
1929    (Knowlton)  ;    Garland,    July    13,    1929    (Knowlton    and 
Bowen)  ;  Lehi,  July  19,  1909  (Titus)  ;  Logan;  Point  of  Moun- 
tain, south  of   Salt  Lake  City,  July  2,   1909   (Titus)  ;  Woods 
Cross,  July  17,  1909  (Titus). 

--  81.  O.  FRATERCULA  Davis.   Snowville,  June  20,  1929  (Knowl- 
ton and  Bowen). 

82.  PLATYPEDIA  PUTNAMI   (Uhl.).     Cache  Junction,  June  3, 
1912  (Hagan)  ;  Logan  Dry  Canyon,  June  29,  1912. 

83.  P.   LUTEA    Davis.      Logan    Dry    Canyon,    June   6,    1924 
(Knowlton)  ;  Provo,  June  1,  1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Salt  Lake  City, 
July  2,  1912. 

84.  P.  MOHAVENSIS  Davis.     Beaver,  June  25,  1927  (Knowl- 
ton), June,  1928  (Pack). 

Family  MEMBRACIDAE  (Germar). 

85.  CERESA  BUBALUS  (Fabr.).    Garland,  June,  1929  (Knowl- 
ton). 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  71 

86.  C.  BASALTS  Walk.     Fort  Duchesne,  August  11,  1927  (C. 
J.  Sorenson). 

87.  STICTOCEPHALA   PACIFIC  A   Van    D.     On    sugar-beets   at 
Grantsville,  August  13,  1927  (Knowlton). 

88.  S.  FESTINA  (Say.).     Hawbush,  September  14,  1929  (C. 
J.  Sorenson);  Lake  Point,  September   11,   1929   (Knowlton); 
McCormick,  September  11,  1929  (Sorenson);  Richmond,  Sep- 
tember 9,  1926  (Knowlton). 

89.  HELIRIA  RUBIDELLA  Ball.     On  apple,  Logan,  July,  1924 
(Knowlton). 

90.  TELAMONA  PYRAMIDATA  Uhler.     Newton,  July  8,  1929 
(Pack)  ;  Provo,  August  7.  1929  (Pack). 

91.  PUBLILIA  MODESTA  Uhl.    Brigham  City,  August  10,  1927 
(Knowlton)  ;  La  Point,  September  25,  1929  (C.  J.  Sorenson)  ; 
on  sage  at  Logan,  August  21,   1929   (Knowlton)  ;  on  beets  at 
Provo,  July  5,  1927   (Knowlton)  ;  Tremonton,  April  29,   1927 
(Knowlton). 

92.  LEIOSCYTA  FERRUGINIPENNIS  var.  TESTACEA  Van  Duzee. 
On  Russian  thistle,  Center,  August  17,   1929  (Knowlton)  ;  on 
Atriplcx,  Clover,  April  17,  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Elberta,  August 
7,    1929    (Knowlton)  ;    Goshen,   July    27,    1929    (Knowlton)  ; 
Lucin,    August    12,    1929    (Knowlton    and    Bowen)  ;    Ophir, 
August  17,  1929  (Knowlton). 

Family  CICADELLIDAE  (Latreille). 

93.  ONCOPSIS  COGNATUS  (Van  D.).    Salt  Lake  City,  June  22, 
1926  (Knowlton). 

94.  BYTHOSCOPUS  FRANCISCANUS    (Baker).     Brigham   City, 
September  2,  1927  (Knowlton). 

95.  HELOCHARA     COM  MUNIS     Fitch.       Common    on     grass, 
Grantsville,  April  27,  1930  (Knowlton)  ;  Hyde  Park,  April  27, 
1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Logan,  June  3,  1922  (Knowlton)  ;  Magna, 
June  27,   1930   (Knowlton);  Ogden,  April  22,    1929   (Knowl- 
ton); Sandy,  September  20,  1930  (Knowlton). 

96.  XEROPHLOEA  VIRIDIS  (Fabr.).    Amalga,  August  31,  1927 
(Knowlton)  ;    mouth    of    Logan    Canyon,    October    4,     1929 
(Knowlton)  ;  on  beets  at  Trenton,  September  20,  1929  (Knowl- 
ton). 

97.  EUTETTIX  TENELLUS   (Baker).     Abundant  in  Utah  dur- 
ing 1930,  causing  serious  damage  to  sugar-beets  and  tomatoes 
in  many  parts  of  the  state. 

98.  PHLEPSIUS    OVATUS    Van    D.      Corinne,    July    21,    1929 
(Knowlton)  ;  Garland,  July  13,  1929  (Knowlton  and  Bowen)  ; 
Willard,  April  17,  1929  (Knowlton). 

99.  P.  IRRORATUS  (Say).     Mouth  of  Logan  Canyon,  October 
4,  1929  (Knowlton). 


72  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

100  CICADUFA  SEXNOTATA  (Fall.).  Mouth  of  Logan  Can- 
yon October  q>  1929  (Knowlton)  ;  Morgan,  September  14, 

1925   (Knowlto11)- 

101.  DIKRANEURA  CARNEOLA  (Stal).  Lewiston,  July  2,  192/ 
(Knowlton)  •  numerous  on  Gutierrezia,  mouth  of  Logan  Can- 
yon, October  4,  1929  (Knowlton). 

102  EMPOASCA  ASPERSA  G.  and  B.     Austin,  June  25,   1926 

(Knowlton). 

103  E     FLAVESCENS     (Fabr.).       Hyrum,    April     17,     1930 

(Knowlton);  L°gan-  APril  20>  1929  (Knowlton). 

104  TYPHLO|CYBA  POMARIA  McAtee.     On  apple  at  Tremon- 
ton,  September  7'  1923   (Hawley). 

105  ERYTHRONEURA  COMES  (Say).     On  Virginia  creeper  at 
Bountiful,   192<?   (Pack)  ;   Brigham,    1929   (Pack)  ;  on  currant 
and  grape    Clear^e^'  I929  (Pack)  ;  damaging  Virginia  creeper 
at  Salt  Lake  C^-  Julv>  193°  (Knowlton). 

Family  FULGORIDAE   (Latreille). 
106.  ORMEN{S  SAUCIA  Van  D.    Angus,  July  9,  1927  (Knowl- 

107  LIBURNIA  GILLETTE:  Van  D.     Ogden,  April   17,   1929 

(Knowlton). 

Family  CHERMIDAE  (Fallen). 

108  APHAL>RA  CALTHAE  (Linn.).     Fairfield,  June  19,  1913 
(Titus)-  Mills-  September  19,  1930   (Knowlton). 

109  PARATRIOZA     GOCKERELLI     (Sulc.).       Damaging    early 
potatoes  in  sevrra^  Parts  °f  northern  Utah,  spring  of  1930. 

110  EUPHA]JERUS   VERMICULOSUS    Crawf.      Logan    Canyon, 
August  21    19^5    (Knowlton)  ;  on  Artemisia,   Spring  Canyon, 
August  28,'  192^   (Knowlton). 

111  ARYTAINA    RIBESIAE    (Crawf.).      Lehi,    1929    (Pack)  ; 
Salt  Lake  City  1929  (Pack) 

New  Stfecies  °^  West  Indian  Agromyzidae 

(Diptera). 

c;    ^y    FROST,  The  Pennsylvania  State  College. 

Two  new  spec'es  °^  Agromyza  are  described  and  notes  given 
on  other  specie''  °^  Agromyza  recently  taken  in  the  West  Indies. 


Agromyza  Co^menae  n-   SP- 

'\  medium  <^ze<l  species.  1  to  1.5  mm.  Male:  front,  face, 
cheeks  antenna6-  PrODOScis  and  palpi  entirely  yellow  ;  scutellum, 
pleurae  and  le^8  largely  yellow  ;  mesonotum  with  yellow  before 
the  scutellum  &  ^ront  including  orbits  slightly  wider  than  either 
eye  sides  nearly  Para^el  J  frontal  stripe  and  orbits  concolorous, 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    \K\YS  73 

not  separable;  four  pairs  of  fronto-orbitals  equally  spaced  in 
rows,  upper  three  pairs  of  equal  size  the  lower  pair  smaller  ; 
orbital  hair  sparse  but  conspicuous,  upturned ;  front  slightly 
produced  above  antennae;  cheeks  nearly  one-half  eye  height; 
one  weak  pair  of  oral  vibrissae,  distinctly  stronger  than  accom- 
panying setae  along  lower  margin  of  cheeks ;  yellow  of  cheeks 
continuing  back  of  eye  and  joining  yellow  of  orbits;  ocellar 
triangle  reddish  brown  separated  from  brown  of  occiput  by  a 
broad  yellow  line,  with  several  minute  setae  between  the  ocellar 
bristles ;  antennae  entirely  yellow,  bristle  on  second  segment 
short,  black,  a  fringe  of  minute  black  bristles  along  the  distal 
outer  edge  of  second  antennal  segment,  third  segment  (male) 
greatly  enlarged,  rounded  on  outer  edge,  sparsely  covered  with 
short  white  pile ;  arista  scarcely  one-and-one-fourth  times  the 
length  of  the  third  antennal  segment,  slender,  brown  in  color 
and  microscopically  pubescent,  basal  fourth  only  moderately 
swollen  and  bare. 

Mesonotum  marked  in  center  with  subshining  brown,  sides  of 
mesonotum  yellow,  yellow  continuing  broadly  across  anterior 
margin  leaving  a  brown  area  in  the  center  about  one-third  the 
width  of  the  mesonotum ;  anterior  callosities  entirely  yellow 
without  dark  spots ;  yellow  continuing  entirely  across  posterior 
margin  of  mesonotum,  the  posterior  edge  of  the  discal  brown 
color  divided  by  short  yellow  points  into  five  short  lobes,  the 
center  the  broadest  and  reaching  nearly  to  the  scutellum ;  sides 
of  pleurae  almost  entirely  yellow,  a  subshining  brown  triangle 
on  lower  part  of  sterno-pleurae  and  a  similar  spot  on  hypo- 
pleurae  ;  scutellum  pale  yellow  in  the  middle,  darkened  only  on 
sides  at  the  base ;  four  pairs  of  dorso-central  bristles,  the 
anterior  two  pairs  smaller,  less  than  one-half  the  length  of  the 
posterior  pairs ;  about  six  rows  of  small  acrostichals  scarcely 
reaching  to  the  third  pair  of  dorso-centrals ;  three  rows  of  small 
setae  outside  the  dorso-centrals ;  one  presutural  arising  from 
yellow  color  of  mesonotum,  two  weak  pairs  of  intraalars,  one 
mesopleural  and  one  sternopleural. 

Legs  entirely  yellow,  setae  black,  tibiae  and  tarsi  only  slightly 
darker. 

Abdomen  largely  yellow,  first  segment  yellow  on  basal  three- 
fourths,  second  and  third  segments  subshining  brown  with  yel- 
low incisures,  fourth  and  fifth  with  central  brown  spots  and 
yellow  on  the  sides,  male  genitalia  centrally  yellow,  laterally 
shining  brown. 

Wings  rather  short,  auxiliary  vein  indistinct  but  ending  sepa- 
rately in  costa  close  to  vein  one,  costa  reaching  to  vein  four, 
anterior  cross-vein  distinctly  before  middle  of  discal  cell  and 
about  one-third  from  base  of  discal  cell,  posterior  cross  vein 


74  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '31 

one-and-one-half  times  its  length  from  the  anterior  cross-vein, 
veins  two  and  three  distinctly  diverging,  veins  three  and  four 
subparallel,  second,  third  and  fourth  sections  of  costa  as 
2^2-1-1,  last  section  of  fifth  vein  one-and-three-quarters  times 
the  length  of  the  penultimate  section,  vein  five  nearly  straight 
or  bending  gently  at  the  tip  into  the  wing  margin,  sixth  vein 
reaching  three-quarters'  way  to  the  wing  margin.  Squamae 
gray,  fringe  dusky.  Halteres  yellow. 

Female  similar  in  structure  and  color  to  male  but  third 
antennal  segment  in  female  normal  in  size  and  ovipositor  shin- 
ing black. 

Holotype:  $  February  10,  1915,  St.  Vincent,  BRITISH  WEST 
INDIES  (F.  Watts)  reared  as  a  leaf-miner  on  Commclina  vir- 
(jinica.  Five  paratypcs  all  reared  as  leaf -miners  on  Commelina 
virginica  by  F.  Watts  as  follows;  2  $  and  3  9  Feb.  10,  1915, 
St.  Vincent,  B.  W.  I.  There  are  also  two  other  paratypes 
1  $  from  CUBA  reared  from  Conimcliua  mtdi flora  and  1  9 
St.  Vincent,  B.  W.  I.  (S.  C.  Harland). 

This  species  runs  close  to  angulicornis  Mall,  but  has  more 
than  two  rows  of  acrostichals.  It  also  runs  close  to  mel&mpyga 
Loew,  but  the  markings  on  the  mesonotum  are  different,  the 
anterior  cross-vein  is  distinctly  before  the  middle  of  the  discal 
cell  and  the  third  antennal  segment  in  the  male  is  greatly 
enlarged. 

Agromyza  ipomaeae  n.  sp. 

A  medium  sized  species,  2  mm. 

$  :  Front,  face,  cheeks  and  proboscis  yellow  ;  antennae  and 
palpi  black ;  cheeks  one-quarter  eye-height ;  yellow  of  cheeks 
extending  only  slightly  behind  the  eye ;  a  single  pair  of  oral 
vibrissae,  distinctly  stronger  than  accompanying  setae  along  the 
lower  margin  of  the  cheeks ;  ocellar  triangle  shining  black  only 
between  ocelli,  sides  yellow,  black  of  ocellar  triangle  continuous 
with  black  of  occiput,  several  minute  hairs  on  ocellar  triangle 
between  ocelli ;  orbits  darkened  only  very  narrowly  on  upper 
outer  angles ;  four  fronto-orbital  bristles ;  orbital  hairs  small 
and  sparse ;  basal  segments  of  antennae  dark  brown,  bristle  on 
second  segment  weak,  smaller  than  lower  fronto-orbital  bristle, 
third  segment  black,  medium  sized,  rounded  at  tip,  sparsely 
covered  with  short  white  pile,  arista  three  times  the  length  of 
the  third  antennal  segment,  pubescence  microscopic  but  dis- 
tinct. 

Mesonotum    and    scutellum    shining    black,    pleurae    largely 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

shining  black,  sutures  narrowly  yellow,  base  of  wing  yellow, 
yellow  extending  on  anterior  humeral  callosities  but  not  above 
wing  base;  humeral  bristle  arising  from  edge  of  yellow  color, 
post-humeral  bristle  arising  from  a  narrow  black  spot  on 
pleurae,  presutural  bristles  not  strong,  arising  from  edge  of 
black  on  mesonotum,  one  propleural  and  one  sternopleural 
bristle ;  two  strong  pairs  of  dorso-central  bristles  of  about  equal 
length,  a  weaker  pair  preceding  these ;  seven  or  eight  rows  of 
acrostichals  reaching  to  posterior  pair  of  dorso-centrals ;  three 
rows  of  small  setae  outside  dorso-centrals. 

Legs  subshining  black,  anterior  knees  yellow,  mid  tibiae  with 
two  distinct  posterior  mid-tibial  bristles. 

Wings  hyaline,  auxiliary  vein  distinct  from  vein  one,  ending 
independently  in  the  costa,  costa  reaching  to  the  fourth  vein, 
anterior  cross-vein  near  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell,  posterior 
cross-vein  its  length  from  the  anterior  cross-vein,  last  section 
of  fifth  vein  about  two  times  the  length  of  the  penultimate  sec- 
tion, sixth  vein  reaching  almost  to  the  wing  margin,  squamae 
gray,  edge  and  fringe  dark  brown.  Halteres  yellow. 

Holotypc:  $  June  20,  1930,  Rio  Piedras,  PORTO  Rico 
(M.  D.  Leonard)  reared  as  a  leaf-miner  on  Ipomaca  batatas. 
8  paratypcs;  1  $  June  20,  1930,  3  $  and  4  5  June  22,  1930, 
also  reared  from  Ipomaca  batatis  Rio  Piedras,  P.  R.  (M.  D. 
Leonard). 

This  species  runs  close  to  the  European  artcmisiac  Kaltb., 
but  artcm^siac  Kaltb.  has  abundant  oral  hairs  in  addition  to 
the  orbital  bristles.  It  also  runs  close  to  jucunda  V.d.W.  It 
differs  chiefly  in  having  the  orbits  entirely  yellow  and  the 
squamae  gray  in  color.  In  jncunda  V.d.W.  the  anterior  cross- 
vein  is  distinctly  beyond  the  center  of  the  discal  cell.  This  is 
a  variable  character  and  cannot  always  be  relied  upon.  The 
writer  has  jucunda  V.d.W.  reared  as  a  miner  from  Verbena, 
Ambrosia  and  Hcliaiithus.  Most  of  the  specimens  show  the 
anterior  cross-vein  beyond  the  center  of  the  discal  cell  but  one 
shows  it  near  the  center  of  the  cell  and  one  specimen  shows  no 
posterior  cross-vein  on  one  side. 

The  following  species  have  been  identified  from  material  in 
the  United  States  National  Museum. 

AGROMYZA  INAEQUALIS  Mall.,  9  $  and  4  $  Oct.  15  St. 
Vincent,  BRITISH  WEST  INDIES  (F.  Watts)  miner  on  Lima 
beans. 


76  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

AGROMYZA  PLUMISETA  Mall.,  1  £  Aug.  7  St.  Domingo, 
WEST  INDIES  (A.  Busck),  1*3  May  31,  1917,  St.  Thomas, 
W.  I.  (H.  Morrison). 

AGROMYZA  PARVICORNIS  Locw,  1  $  and  1  injured  speci- 
men Oct.  21,  1912,  Rio  Piedras,  PORTO  Rico  ( T.  H.  Jones). 

AGROMYZA  MACULOSA  Mall.  2  $  and  1  ?  July  16,  1922, 
Rio  Piedras,  PORTO  Rico,  bred  from  Asters  (F.  Stein). 


The  Status  of  Leng's  Classification  of  the  Coleoptera. 

Dr.  Clarence  E.  Mickel,  in  the  September,  1930,  issue  of  the 
Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America  (XXIII,  p. 
511),  states  that  "the  classification  of  this  order  [Coleoptera] 
used  by  the  latter  [Leng]  in  his  catalogue  of  North  American 
Coleoptera  is  the  one  now  met  with  in  current  literature."  This 
is  cited  as  partial  evidence  for  the  assertion :  "The  systems  of 
classification  in  use  at  the  present  time  for  at  least  three  large 
orders  of  insects  have  originated  in  this  country  [North 
America]."  As  applied  to  the  Coleoptera  I  do  not  believe  that 
the  literature  substantiates  such  a  conclusion. 

In  the  first  place,  Mr.  Leng's  system  is  largely  based  on  that 
of  Ganglbauer  (1903)  and  Kolbe  (1908).  So  far  as  it  departs 
from  these  systems,  it  is  characterized  by  the  following  among 
other  peculiarities :  recognition  of  Omophroniclae,  Corynetidae, 
and  Trogidae  as  distinct  families ;  division  of  the  Adephaga 
into  Caraboidea  and  Gyrinoidea ;  removal  of  the  Cupesidae, 
Rhysodidae,  and  Paussidae  from  the  Adephaga ;  division  of  the 
Staphyliniformia  into  Silphoidea  and  Staphylinoidea ; -the  aboli- 
tion of  the  Heteromera  (following  Sharp  and  Muir)  and  its 
distribution  among  the  Serricornia  and  Clavicornia  as  Mordel- 
loidea  and  Tenebrionoidea. 

Outside  of  North  America  I  am  unable  to  cite  a  single 
entomological  work  that  has  adopted  the  peculiarities  of  Mr. 
Leng's  system.  Works  that  have  appeared  since  1920  that  do 
not  follow  him  include:  Zoological  Record,  Imm's  General 
Textbook  of  Entomology,  Tillyard's  Insects  of  Australia  and 
New  Zealand,  Handlirsch  in  Schroder's  Handbuch  der  Ento- 
mologie,  Scheerpeltz  and  Winkler  in  Brohmer's  Tierwelt  Mit- 
teleuropas,  Porta's  Fauna  Coleopterorum  Italica,  and  Winkler's 
Catalogus  Coleopterorum  regionis  palaearcticae.  So  far  as  the 
classification  of  the  Coleoptera  now  in  use  throughout  the  world 
is  to  be  ascribed  to  any  one  man,  that  man  would  seem  to  be 
Ganglbauer. 
MELVILLE  H.  HATCH,  University  of  Washington,  Seattle, 

Washington. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

A  New  Belomicrus  from  the  West  (Hymen. : 

Sphecidae). 

By  V.  S.  L.  PATE,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
In  a  collection  of  Oxybeline  wasps  that  Dr.  Francis  X. 
\Yilliams  of  the  Hawaiian  Sugar  Planters'  Association  sent 
recently  for  determination  there  is  a  new  species  of  Belomicrus, 
a  description  of  which  is  appended  below  inasmuch  as  Dr. 
Williams  desires  to  publish  some  notes  on  its  life  history. 
Hitherto  nothing  has  been  known  concerning  the  biology  of 
any  ttcloinuriis  save  a  few  scattered  flower  records.  It  gives 
me  great  pleasure  to  dedicate  this  interesting  little  species  to 
its  prospective  Boswell  as  well  as  its  habitat. 

Belomicrus  franciscus  sp.  nov. 

$  .  5  mm.  long.  Black.  Mandibles  light  yellow,  apices 
piceous.  Margin  of  clypeal  bevel  above,  scape  except  a  brown 
spot  behind,  pedicel  and  fiagellum  beneath,  pronotum  to  and 
including  the  tubercles,  axillary  sclerite,  a  macula  on  each  side 
of  the  scutellum,  postscutellum,  fore  femora  apically  and  be- 
neath, middle  and  hind  femora  apically,  all  tibiae  externally 
and  metatarsi,  light  yellow;  remainder  of  tarsi  fulvous. 
Tegulae  fuliginous  subhyaline ;  squamae  and  mucro  apically 
whitish  subhyaline.  Abdomen  ferruginous,  each  tergite  with  a 
yellow  fascia  preapically,  that  of  the  first  tergite  widest ;  first 
two  sternites  deeply  infuscated,  brownish  black  discally.  Wings 
clear  hyaline,  veins  light  brown.  Face  with  appressed  short 
silky  pubescence,  remainder  of  body  silvery  puberulent. 

Head  shining,  finely  but  distinctly  punctured :  mandibles 
medially  within  with  a  distinct  inwardly  directed  tooth  ;  clypeus 
discally  tuberculate,  widely  emarginate  and  with  a  nitidous  bevel 
apically,  the  apical  margin  parallel  with  a  flat  ridge  which  is 
obtusely  angulate  at  the  tubercle  and  which  appears  superficially 
to  be  the  apical  margin  of  the  clypeus;  front  with  two  elongate, 
glabrous,  nitidous  impressions  to  accommodate  the  scapes  when 
laid  back  and  an  impressed  line  from  the  anterior  ocellus  to  the 
clypeal  tubercle;  postocellar  line  about  three  times  the  ocell- 
ocular ;  vertex  behind  the  compound  eyes  rounded;  temporal 
carinae  absent. 

Thora.v  shining,  with  puncturation  similar  to  head;  pronotum 
not  carinate,  rounded  anteriorly  and  laterally,  declivitous  an- 
teriorly; prepectus  rounded  anteriorly;  squamae  enclosing  the 
postscutellum  and  almost  contiguous  behind,  with  the  posterior 
emargination  a  shallow  Y-shaped  notch,  posterior  apices 


78  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

rounded ;  mucro  short,  straight,  apex  obtuse ;  propodeum  finely 
granulate  throughout  and  obscurely  and  indistinctly  striate 
dorsally  and  laterally,  median  fovea  above  and  lateral  carinae 
below  erased. 

Abdomen  shining,  finely  punctate,  constricted  somewhat  be- 
tween the  segments,  second  sternite  with  a  suggestion  of  a 
raised  arcuate  ridge  preapically  on  each  side. 

$  .  4.75  mm.  long.  Similar  to  the  male  except  that  the 
clypeus  is  retuse  apically  and  horizontally  striate  on  the  bevel 
below  the  tubercle.  Psammophore  with  the  mandibular,  tem- 
poral, humeral  and  femoral  ammochaetae  present  and  well  de- 
veloped. 

Holotype. —  $  ,  Lone  Mountain,  San  Francisco,  CALIFORNIA, 
1930  (F.  X.  Williams)  [Cornell  University,  Type  No.  924.1]. 
Allotypc. —  ?  ,  same  data  as  holotype.  Paratypcs. — 5  $  $  , 
same  data  as  holotype. 

This  species  belongs  to  the  forbcsi-group.  Full  details  con- 
cerning its  relationship  to  allied  species,  ultimate  location  of  the 
types,  as  well  as  figures  of  the  species  will  be  published  at  a 
later  date  in  a  forthcoming  monograph  of  the  Oxybeline  wasps 
of  the  New  World. 


A  New  Milliped  of  the  Genus  Fontaria  from 
Mississippi  (Chilognatha :  Xystodesmidae). 

By  RALPH  V.  CHAMBERLIN,  University  of  Utah. 
Among  material  recently  sent  to  me  for  identification  from 
the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology  was  a  single  adult  male  of 
the  new  species  of  Fontaria  described  below.  It  was  collected 
by  Mr.  K.  L.  Cockerham  at  Biloxi,  Miss.  The  type  is  in  the 
author's  collection. 

Fontaria  lamellidens,   sp.   nov. 

The  dorsum  and  head  light  horn  brown,  with  the  carinae 
paler.  Antennae  light  brown.  Venter  and  legs  dilute  yel- 
lowish. 

Body  of  the  typical  general  shape,  being  parallel-sided  over 
the  middle  portion  and  moderately  narrowed  at  the  ends.  The 
lateral  carinae  are  well  developed ;  posterior  margins  of  first 
few  running  slightly  forwards,  while  the  succeeding  few  are 
transverse  and  the  others  directed  in  increasing  degree  caudad 
of  transverse;  the  caudo-ectal  angle  is  in  all  but  the  first  three 


xlii,    r31]  I.. \TOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

carinae  produced  caudad  in  suhdentiform  manner,  with  apex 
rounded  ;  the  last  four  pairs  of  carinae  produced  more  strongly 
caudad  as  usual,  their  apices  all  rounded.  Carinae  all  moder- 
ately depressed ;  lateral  borders  elevated,  moderately  indented 
opposite  pores  on  porigerous  segments ;  anterior  margin  more 
narrowly  elevated. 

Head  shining,  smooth  or  nearly  so.  Vertigial  sulcus  dis- 
tinctly impressed,  ending  abruptly  above  the  level  of  insertion 
of  antennae,  but  followed  by  a  short  median  longitudinal  im- 
pressed line  at  level  of  antennae.  Vertigial  foveolae  2  2, 
each  bearing  a  long  seta.  Labral  border  set  off  by  a  fine, 
broken,  impressed  line,  paler  in  color  than  rest  of  head,  con- 
spicuously setose,  the  setae  at  lateral  ends  of  the  area  arranged 
in  denser  patches.  In  the  male  the  coxae  of  the  second  legs 
bear  the  usual  special  processes  which  are  short  and  cylindrical. 
The  anterior  sternites  in  the  male  are  without  obvious  proc- 
esses. 

The  gonopods  of  the  male  have  the  basal  portion  of  the 
telopodite  strongly  pilose  over  the  meso-ventral  surface,  the 
long  hairs  directed  mesad,  while  the  principal  blade  is  more 
sparsely  provided  with  much  shorter  hairs  along  mesal  side, 
these  present  from  base  distad  beyond  the  middle  of  blade. 
The  principal  blade  is  moderately  curved,  each  crossing  the 
other  distally;  at  the  distal  end  the  blade  is  divided  parallel 
to  the  flat  surface  into  two  lamellar  processes ;  the  ventral  one 
of  these  lamellae  moderately  curved  mesad,  the  dorsal  one  with 
inner  edge  straight,  the  other  curved,  its  distal  end  more  acute 
than  that  of  the  ventral  lamella :  the  lamellae  of  equal  length, 
parallel  with  each  other,  and  nearly  contiguous.  Inner  prong 
of  the  telopodite  glabrous,  nearly  straight,  narrowing  to  a 
slenderly  acute  tip  which  is  slightly  curved  outward,  reaching 
to  near  the  level  of  furcation  of  the  principal  blade. 

Length  of  holotype  (a  male),  about  33  mm. ;  maximum  width 
across  carinae,  8  mm. 

Locality. — MISSISSIPPI:  Biloxi.  K.  L.  Cockerham,  collec- 
tor. 

Distinguished    from    all    other    species   of    the    genus   in   the 

lamellate  form  of  the  distal  process  of  the  gonopods  as  above 
described. 

Change  of  Address. 

I  am  now  with  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology  and  located 
at  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  My  home  address  is  2222 
One  Street,  N.  YV.,  Washington,  D*.  C— H.  G.  BARBER. 


80  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

The  Naming  of  Individual  Variants  in  Lepidoptera. 

By  G.  TALBOT,  The  Hill   Museum,  Witley,   Surrey,   England. 

The  article  on  this  subject  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Klots  (Ent.  News 
xli,  pp.  298,  324)  places  before  American  Lepidopterists  an 
opinion  held  by  many  European  workers.  The  present  writer 
has  twice  referred  to  this  subject.  Firstly  re  the  question  of 
naming  teratological  specimens  (Ent.  Zeit.  42,  p.  201,  1929)  ; 
secondly  re  the  naming  of  variations  in  the  markings  of  certain 
Coleoptera  (Ent.  Record  42,  p.  70,  1930). 

The  article  by  Klots  appears  to  be  prompted  not  only  by 
the  custom  of  giving  names  to  insignificant  variants,  but  also 
by  the  attempt  made  by  Gunder  to  place  this  method  on  a 
scientific  basis.  We  agree  with  Klots  that  Guilder  has  failed 
in  his  attempt  to  classify  variants. 

Perhaps  the  reply  of  those  who  think  to  continue  this  custom 
of  naming  all  variants,  would  be  that  it  does  not  matter  what 
kind  of  variation  it  is,  but  as  a  difference  of  a  kind  can  be  dis- 
cerned, it  should  be  duly  christened  to  distinguish  it  from  a 
form  which  closely  resembles  it.  Such  a  view  could  be  held 
only  by  those  who  have  either  not  seen  a  large  collection  of  a 
variable  species,  or  who  have  not  seriously  considered  the  ques- 
tion. Let  us  take,  for  example,  a  series  of  specimens  showing 
the  development  of  a  band  on  the  wing,  from  a  wing  without 
any  trace  of  a  band  to  one  in  which  a  well-defined  band  occurs. 
If  we  call  the  specimen  with  a  half -developed  band  a  "Transi- 
tion Form",  this  term  must  be  used  for  all  the  other  specimens 
in  the  series  because  we  cannot  define  any  line  of  demarcation. 
The  use  of  the  term  "Transition  Form"  is  superfluous ;  it  must 
necessarily  include  many  pure  aberrations  which  may  never  be 
repeated  in  the  history  of  the  species. 

Before  giving  a  name  to  some  variant,  let  us  pause  and  ask 
whether  it  deserves  a  name. 

A  definitely  distinguishable  variant  can  receive  a  name,  but 
one  may  often  be  at  a  loss  to  know  whether  to  call  it  a  "Form" 
or  an  "Aberration".  In  the  absence  of  breeding  one  has  to 
judge  by  experience  or  by  the  kind  of  material.  If  more  than 
one  specimen  of  the  variant  is  known  from  the  same  locality, 
it  may  be  called  a  "Form"  as  presumably  it  is  recurrent.  Many 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  81 

such  Forms  (excluding  dimorphs  and  seasonal)  are  called 
Races  by  some  European  authors,  as  distinguished  from  sub- 
species. They  are  not,  however,  true  Races,  because  the  typical 
form  occurs  with  them,  and  predominates. 

Methods  of  classification  adopted  for  one  group  of  animals 
must  hold  good  for  all  other  groups.  There  cannot  be  one 
system  for  Lepidoptera  and  another  for  Mammals. 

Let  us  examine  the  Human  Species  from  the  Lepidopterist's 
point  of  view.  Each  individual  is  different  inasmuch  as  the 
difference  is  apparent  to  every  other  individual,  and  each  has 
a  name.  This  is  so  far  in  accordance  with  the  method  of  nam- 
ing all  differences,  but  in  Man  it  is  done  for  his  own  conveni- 
ence, and  represents  personality.  The  homologue  in  Lepidop- 
tera would  be  those  slight  variations  which  may  be  detected 
only  by  means  of  a  powerful  microscope. 

A  certain  population  of  men  differs  from  another  population 
in  several  ways,  especially  in  its  language.  Such  is  a  tribe  or 
nation,  represented  in  Lepidoptera  by  "Forms". 

Several  populations  of  Man  agree  in  certain  structural  char- 
acters, and  we  have  the  Chinese  and  Polynesian  Races  for  ex- 
ample. These  are  surely  represented  in  Lepidoptera  by  sub- 
species or  geographical  races. 

Lastly  we  have  human  aberrations,  some  pathological,  others 
characterised  by  definite  personalities  and  proved  genius.  It 
has  not  been  thought  useful  to  give  a  varietal  name  to  a  con- 
genital idiot,  nor  to  a  mathematical  genius. 

The  growing  lists  of  names  for  individual  variants  in  Lepi- 
doptera is  embarrassing  and  inconvenient.  It  is  largely  the 
work  of  amateur  zoologists  whose  knowledge  is  frequently  re- 
stricted to  a  section  of  Lepidoptera. 

If  one  has  a  good  series  of  variants  in  a  race  of  a  variable 
species  to  which  many  names  have  been  given,  one  cannot  be 
certain,  without  comparison  with  the  type  specimen,  if  any  <mr 
of  these  variants  is  to  be  called  by  a  certain  name  already  pub- 
lished. In  many  cases  no  specimen  identical  with  a  Type  would 
be  found,  and  every  individual  would  require  a  name.  As 
no-one  could  remember  what  the  majority  of  such  names  repre- 
sented, and  it  would  be  found  necessary  to  read  carefully  a  key- 


82  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

list  of  all  the  described  variants  in  the  species,  the  name  loses 
its  presumed  value  and  becomes  superfluous  to  any  study. 

The  question  now  arises  as  to  whether  we  can  accept  the 
view  expressed  by  Klots  that  "Scientific  names  should  not  be 
applied  to  any  concept  lower  than  subspecies". 

In  the  category  below  subspecies,  we  have,  perhaps,  four 
Forms  (including  specimens  comprised  under  Guilder's  "Tran- 
sition Form").  Sometimes  a  recognizable  Form  will  be  found 
to  occur  elsewhere  as  a  subspecies.  It  should  obviously  bear 
a  name.  Other  Forms  are  mimetic  examples,  and  should  bear 
a  name  to  record  their  existence,  and  to  enable  the  phenomena 
with  which  they  are  associated,  to  be  dealt  with  easily.  One 
never  knows  when  any  particular  Form  will  bear  a  new  signifi- 
cance in  connection  with  the  species-study,  or  with  some  prob- 
lem arising  out  of  the  study  of  other  species.  Furthermore, 
the  rate  of  evolutionary  change  going  on  amongst  insects  and 
other  of  the  lower  groups  of  organisms,  may  be  sufficiently 
great  for  some  alteration  in  status  to  occur  during  the  time 
which  may  be  available  to  Man  for  his  studies. 

For  these  reasons  we  believe  that  concepts  below  the  rank 
of  subspecies  may  bear  scientific  names. 

A  name  should  be  given  to  any  specimen  or  specimens  which 
show  definite  differentiating  characters,  providing  these  char- 
acters are  not  of  a  teratological  or  pathological  type. 

If  the  requisite  data  be  not  available,  the  classification  of 
the  new  Form  must  remain  sub  jndicc.  It  may  prove  to  be  a 
race,  a  local  form,  a  seasonal  or  sexual  form,  and  it  may  be  one 
among  others  remaining  to  be  discovered,  belonging  to  any  one 
of  the  forms  mentioned. 


Ceratopogonine  Midges  on  Wings  of  Odonata. 
(Dipt.:  Chironomidae). 

Dr.  J.  Bequaert  (The  African  Republic  of  Liberia  and  the 
Belgian  Congo,  Vol.  II,  p.  846,  1930)  records  the  finding  of 
female  midges  at  Gbanga,  Liberia,  September,  1926,  fixed  by 
means  of  the  proboscis  to  the  underside  of  the  wings  of  dragon- 
flies,  Trithemis  artcriosa  (Burm.)  and  Orthctniiii  inicrostiynia 
Ris.  According  to  Mr.  F.  W.  Edwards,  of  the  British  Museum, 
the  midge  is  an  undescribed  species,  probably  of  a  new  genus. 
The  only  similar  record  is  by  Jacobson  and  de  Meijere  (Tijdschr, 
v.  Ent.,  Ixvi;  135.  137,  1923). 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Bites  by  Aphis  Lion   (Neur. :  Chrysopidae). 

Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  has  called  our  attention  to  the  following 
letter  on  this  subject  in  the  Journal  of  the  American  Medical 
Association  for  December  13,  1930,  page  1X55,  which  we  reprint 
here,  as  the  original  may  not  come  to  the  attention  of  all  ento- 
mologists. 

To  the  Editor.-- A  prolonged  drought,  as  a  disturbance, 
digs  deep  into  the  daily  web  of  life.  The  aphis  lion  (Chrysopi- 
dae) usually  finds  aphides  enough  and  to  spare  ;  but  not  this  dry 
year.  As  a  result,  he  turned  to  anything  bearing  blood  and  I 
have  known  of  six  or  more  bites  this  summer.  About  the  first 
week  in  August,  sitting  under  a  large  white  oak  tree  in  my  yard, 
I  felt  a  sharp  bite  on  the  wrist  and  looked  to  find,  to  me,  a  new 
form  of  insect  sinking  his  "beak"  into  the  flexor  aspect  of  my 
wrist  so  vigorously  and  with  such  manifest  enjoyment  that  I 
became  more  interested  than  angry.  He  was  a  yellowish,  spotted, 
canoe-shaped  larva  of  some  kind  about  5  or  6  mm.  long,  with  a 
pair  of  long  curved,  almost  parallel  mandibles,  now  covered  with 
blood,  with  which  he  was  tearing  the  flesh.  Some  movement 
of  mine  made  him  move  about  an  inch  away,  where  he  started 
again,  nothing  daunted.  The  pain  was  more  like  a  bite  than  a 
sting,  but  the  after  results  indicated  some  new  and  novel  toxin. 
Interested,  I  let  him  suck  his  fill  at  the  second  bite,  and  then  I 
bottled  him  for  identification — with  the  result  mentioned.  An 
hour  later  there  was  an  intense  burning  pain,  worse  than  any 
mosquito  bite,  with  an  areola  an  inch  or  more  in  diameter  around 
the  first  bite  and  almost  none  around  the  second,  showing  seem- 
ingly a  mosquito-like  initial  injection  of  some  anti-clotting  glob- 
ulin. The  next  day  the  two  were  equally  inflamed  and  almost 
purpuric  in  tint.  It  was  not  until  the  fourth  day  that  the  inflam- 
mation began  to  decline.  Two  friends  who  saw  the  "bug"  had 
experiences  almost  as  bad,  and  one  or  two  others  who  visited  me 
had  "strange  bites"  of  untoward  severity.  Has  this  experience 
been  found  elsewhere?  I  am  anxious  to  know. 

P.  B.  BARRINGER,  M.D.,  University,  Va. 

[Dr.  Howard  in  the  first  edition  of  his  Insect  Book,  page  223, 
and  Dr.  Werner  Marchand  (£NT  NEWS,  XXXIII,  p.  120,  April, 
1922)  have  described  similar  cases,  but  in  neither  instance  do  the 
effects  of  the  bites  appear  to  have  been  as  prolonged  as  in  those 
narrated  by  Dr.  Barringer. — EDITOR,  ENT.  NEWS.  | 


84  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA  S.   MACKEY  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF 

E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in  the  January  and  June 
numbers  (or  which  may  be  secured  from  the  publisher  of  Entomological 
News  for  lOc),  in  which  the  paper  appeared.  The  number  of,  or  annual 
volume,  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  ) 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

•Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

*Jt^JJ  Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Anon. — Entomology  and  the  British  Em- 
pire. [31]  127:  61-62.  Bryson,  H.  R. — The  interchange  of 
soil  and  subsoil  by  burrowing-  insects.  [103]  4:  17-24. 
Clark,  A.  H. — Nature  narratives.  Vol.  1.  135  pp.  Baltimore, 
1929.  Cockayne,  E.  A.— Insect  teratology.  [36]  78:  209- 
226,  ill.  David,  K. — Zum  apterismus  bei  insekten.  [45]  25: 
168.  Eltringham  &  Britten. — Histological  and  illustrative 
methods  for  entomologists.  139  pp.,  ill.  Hayward,  K.  J.— 
In  far  Argentina.  [21]  43:  8-11.  Lameere,  A. —  [Sur  la 
philosophic  des  societes  d'Insectes].  [Mem.  Soc.  Ent. 
Belgique]  23:  xvii-xxxiii.  Pilsbry,  H.  A. — The  status  of 
Bul'la.  [The  Nautilus]  44:  98.  Poche,  F.  -  -  Dr.  Stiles' 
"American  referendum"  on  three  propositions  in  nomen- 
clature. [Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Gesel.  Wien]  79:  273-283.  Poul- 
ton,  E.  B. — An  appeal  for  uniformity  of  usage  in  nomen- 
clature. [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  5:  25-26.  Ruediger,  E.— 
Insekten  als  symbole.  [Ent.  Nachrich.]  4-94-97. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Andre,  M.— L'ap- 
pareil  respiratoire  du  Thrombicula  autumnalis  (Acarien : 
Earn.  Thrombidiidae).  [Assoc.  Franc  Avanc.  Sci.]  1929: 
433-434,  ill.  Bodenheimer,  F.  S. — Ueber  thermotaktisches 
verhalten,  ko'rpertemparatur  und  aktivitatsminimum  bei 
insekten.  [34]  93:  59-61.  Brindley,  M.  D.  H.— On  the 
metasternal  scent-glands  of  certain  heteroptera.  [36]  78: 


xlii,    '31  |  K.XTo.Mol.oCIC.M.     XK\VS  85 

199-207,  ill.  Crampton,  G.  C. — A  comparison  of  the  more 
important  structural  details  of  the  larva  of  the  archaic  tan- 
yderid  dipteron  Protoplasa  fitchii  with  other  holometabola 
from  the  standpoint  of  phylogeny.  [19J  25:  239-258,  ill. 
Gunn,  D.  L. — The  function  of  the  air  sacs  of  insects.  [31] 
127:  58-59.  Jancke,  O. — Zur  kenntnis  der  mannlichen 
kaudalregion  der  Anopluren.  [Zeit.  Parasit.,  Berlin]  3:  1-7, 
ill.  Lever,  R.  J.  A,  W. — A  new  endoskeletal  organ  in  the 
hind  legs  of  the  Halticinae.  [34]  92:  287-288,  ill.  Marcu,  O. 
-Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  stridulationsorgane  bei  Ipiden. 
[34]  92:  238-242,  ill.  Marcu,  O.— Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der 
tracheen  der  insekten.  [34]  93:  61-63,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— *Beier,  M.— Zur 

kenntnis  der  Chthoniiden  ( Pseudoskorpione).  [34]  93:  49- 
56.  (S).  Cook,  H.  J. — The  finding  of  large  centipedes  in 
Wyoming  and  western  Nebraska.  [68]  73:  126.  *McGregor, 
E.  A. — A  new  spinning  mite  attacking  Asparagus  plumosus 
in  Florida.  [10]  32:  161-163,  ill.  Petrunkevitch,  A.— The 
spiders  of  Porto  Rico.  Part  III.  [Trans.  Connecticut  Acad. 
Arts  &  Sci.]  31 :  188  pp.,  ill.  *Viets,  K. — Ueber  nordameri- 
kanische  Koenikea-arten  (Hydracarina).  [34]  92:  266-272, 
ill.  *Viets,  K. — Ueber  einige  Gattungen  und  arten  der  Ax- 
onopsae,  Mideopsae  und  Arrhenurae  (Hydracarina).  [34] 
93:  33-48,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Carpen- 
ter, F.  M. — The  lower  permian  insects  of  Kansas.  Part  2. 
The  orders  Paleodictyoptera,  Protodonata,  and  Odonata. 
|U,j  21  :  97-139,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— *Hebard,  M.— The  orthoptera  of  Al- 
berta. [Pro.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.]  82:  377-403. 

HEMIPTERA.— *Bueker,  E.  D.— Two  new  mealy-bugs 
(Coccidae)  in  nests  of  ants  (Lasius).  |40|  453:  3  pp.,  ill. 
Drake,  C.  J.— Notes  on  American  Tingitidae.  [  19]  25 :  268- 
272.  *Green,  E.  E. — Notes  on  some  Coccidae  collected  by 
Dr.  Julius  Melzer,  at  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil  (Rhynch.).  [60] 
91 :  214-219,  ill.  ^Johnston,  H.  G. — Four  new  species  of 
Miridae  from  Texas.  |19|  25:  295-300.  Klyver,  F.  D.- 
Euphyllura  arctostaphyli  and  Euphyllura  neveipennis 
(Chermidae).  A  difference  in  interpretation.  [10]  32:  153- 
159,  ill.  *Laing,  F.— Description  of  a  new  species  of  Aley- 
rodidae.  (Rhynch.).  (S).  [60]  91:  219-221,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bryk,  F.— Lepidopterorum  Cata- 
logus.  Par.-,  39.  Papilioiiidae  111  (Papilio).  513-676.  Bryk, 


86  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

F. — Lepidopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  42.  Dioptidae.  3-65. 
Clark,  A.  H. — Some  observations  on  butterfly  migrations. 
[76]  1931:  150-155.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Notes  on  Eury- 
mus  eurytheme  autumnalis.  [19]  25:  300.  *Hering,  M.— 
Neue  und  alte  Lepidopteren.  (S).  [Mitt.  Zool.  Mus.,  Berlin] 
16:  513-522,  ill.  Macrolepidoptera  of  the  World.  Fauna 
Americana  Part  213.  [This  part  completes  the  American 
Saturnidae  by  Drauclt  and  begins  the  Uraniidae  by  Gaede.] 
Martin  &  Ingham. — Diurnal  lepidoptera  of  Huntington 
Lake  region,  Fresno  County,  California.  [Bull.  So.  Calif. 
Acad.  Sci.]  29:  115-134.  *Meyrick,  E.— Exotic  Microlepi- 
doptera.  (S).  4:  32  pp.  Poulton,  E.  B. — Insects  collected 
by  Dr.  J.  A.  Douglas,  in  a  hitherto  unexplored  area  of 
E.  Peru.  Intense  pain  caused  by  the  bite  and  sting  of  a 
winged  female  Ponerine  ant.  The  snake-like  appearance 
of  the  S.  American  sphingid  larva  of  Pholus  labrusca,  en- 
hanced by  the  modified  caudal  horn.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  Lon- 
don] 5:  19-20,  22-24.  *R6ber,  J.— Neue  exotische  falter. 
[18]  24:  389-393,  ill.  Stichel,  H.— Lepidopterorum  Cata- 
logus. Pars  41.  Riodinidae  III:  Riodininae  II.  545-720. 
*Wurster,  C.  W. — A  melanic  form  of  Telea  polyphemus. 
[19]  25:  273-274,  ill. 

DIPTERA.— ^Alexander,  C.  P.— New  or  insufficiently- 
known  crane-flies  from  the  nearctic  region  (Tipulidae). 
Part  III.  [19]  25:  276-282.  *Bau,  A.— Lipoptena  surina- 
mensis  und  Melophagus  ovinus  bolivianus,  zwei  neue  Hip- 
pobosciden.  [60]  91:  175-177.  *Collin,  J.  E.— A  revision 
of  the  Greenland  species  of  the  Anthomyid  genus  Limno- 
phora  sens,  lat.,  with  figures  of  the  male  genitalia  of  these 
and  many  other  palaearctic  species.  [36]  78:  255-281,  ill. 
*Collin,  J.  E. — The  Oxford  University  Expedition  to  Green- 
land, 1928.  Diptera  (Orthorrhapha  Brachycera  and  Cyclor- 
rhapha)  from  Greenland.  [75]  7:  67-91,  ill.  Czerny,  L.— 
Die  Musca  annulata  (Micropez.).  (S).  |Mitt.  Deutschen 
Ent.  Gesell.]  1:  117-121.  *Hoffmann,  C.  C.— Los  simulidos 
de  la  region  Onchocercosa  de  Chiapas  (Con  descripcion  de 
nuevas  especies).  (S).  [An.  Inst.  Biol.,  Mexico]  1:  293- 
306,  ill.  Jeffrey,  E.  C. — Cytological  evidence  as  to  the 
status  of  Drosophila  melanogaster.  [90|  65:  19-30,  ill. 
*Krober,  O. — Die  siidamerikanischen  arten  der  gattung 
Scione  ( Rhinotriclista).  |60]  91:  141-174,  ill.  *Lindner,  E. 
-Revision  der  amerikanischen  dipterenfamilie  der  Rhopa- 
lomeridae.  (S).  [11]  1930:  122-137,  ill.  *Malloch,  J.  R.- 
Notes  on  some  Acalyptrate  flies  in  the  United  States  Na- 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XKWS  87 

tional  Museum.  [50]  78,  Art.  15:  32  pp..  ill.  (S).  Matheson, 
R.— Distribution  notes  on  Culicidae.  1 19]  25:  291-294.  Rou- 
baud,  M.  E. — Sur  1'existence  cle  races  biologiques  gene- 
tiquement  distinctes  chez  le  moustique  commun  Culex 
pipiens.  [69]  191:  1386-1388.  Schwardt,  H.  H.— Notes  on 
the  immature  stages  of  Arkansas  Tabanidae.  [103]  4:  1-4. 
Thorpe,  W.  H. — The  biology  of  the  petroleum  fly.  [68]  73 : 
101-102.  Thorpe,  W.  H.— The  biology  of  the  petroleum  fly 
(Psilopa  petrolii).  [36]  78:  331-343,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— Arangua,  E.  V.— Contribuciones  al 
estudio  de  los  Cicindelidae.  V.  La  Cicindela  oregona  en  los 
estados  del  sur  oeste.  [44]  33:  394-402.  *Blaisdell,  F.  E.- 
Revision  of  the  Endomychid  tribe  Liesthini  with  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  new  genus  and  a  new  species.  [1]  56:  375-390,  ill. 
*Borchmann,  F. — Die  gattung  Lystronychus  (Allecul.). 
(S).  [11]  1930:  81-121,  ill.  Bradley,  J.  C.— The  names  of 
certain  Rhynchophora.  [19]  25:  259-262.  Eggers,  H.- 
Borkenkafer  (Ipidae)  aus  Siidamerika.  Ill  [2]  26:  163-171, 
Cont.  *Fall,  H.  C. — An  interesting  new  genus  and  species 
of  Cistelidae.  [103]  4:  15-16.  *Fisher,  W.  S.— A  new  long- 
horn  beetle  from  Costa  Rica  (Cerambycidae).  [91]  21:  23- 
24.  Grosmann,  H. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  lebensgem- 
einschaft  zwischen  borkenkafern  und  pilzen.  [Zeit.  Parasit., 
Berlin]  3:  56-102,  ill.  *Hustache,  A. — Curculionides  de  la 
Guadeloupe.  [Faune  Col.  Franc.]  4:  148  pp.,  ill.  Jeannel, 
R. — Monographic  des  Trechinae.  Morphologic  comparee  et 
distribution  geographique  d'un  groupe  de  coleopteres.  (Liv. 
4).  [L'Abeille]  34:  59-122,  ill.  Kleine,  R.— Bibliographic 
der  brenthidenliteratur.  [60]  91  :  195-213.  *Ohaus,  F.- 
Eine  neue  Plusiotis  aus  Guatemala.  [60]  91 :  265-266.  ill. 
*Ohaus,  F. — Neue  brasilianische  Dynastinen.  [60]  91 :  261- 
265,  ill.  *Ohaus,  F. — XXVI.  Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der 
Rutelinen.  (S).  [  11  [  1930:  138-158,  ill.  Park,  O.— Studies 
in  the  ecology  of  forest  Coleoptera — II.  The  relation  of 
certain  Coleoptera  to  plants  for  food  and  shelter,  especially 
those  species  associated  with  fungi  in  the  Chicago  area. 
[84]  12:  188-206,  ill.  *Pic,  M.— Contribution  a  Tetude  des 
coleopteres  Malacodermes.  II.  Quelques  donnees  generales 
sur  la  systematique  et  cas  particuliers.  (S).  [24|  99:  311- 
324.  *Pic,  M. — Malacodermes  exotiques.  (S).  [Issued  with 
L'Exchange  Rev.  Linne  paged  separately.]  *Pic,  M.— 
Coleopteres  exotiques  en  partie  nouveaux.  (S).  [L'Ex- 
change  Rev.  Linne]  45:  7-8,  11-12,  16.  Schedl,  K.  E.- 
Morphology  of  the  bark-beetles  of  the  genus  Gnathotrichus. 
[Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.]  82:  88  pp.,  ill. 


88  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '31 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bruch,  C.— Nidificacion  de  "Sceli- 
phron  figulus"  y  observaciones  biologicas  sobre  esta 
especie.  [An.  Soc.  Cien.  Argentina]  110:  367-386,  ill. 
*Creighton,  W.  S. — The  new  world  species  of  the  genus 
Solenopsis  (Formicidae).  [Pro.  American  Acad.  Arts  & 
Sci.]  66:  39-151,  ill.  [New  species  from  South  America.] 
*DeGant,  F. — Two  new  species  of  parasitic  hymenoptera 
(Braconidae)  from  Ohio.  [10]  32:  163-165.  *Gahan,  A.  B. 
-Two  new  hymenopterous  parasites  of  Tachypterellus 
censors.  [91]  21:  37-39.  *Hoffmeyer,  E.  B.— Notes  on 
some  North  American  Callimomidae  (Chalc.).  [102]  17: 
213-218,  ill.  Parks,  H.  B.— Notes  on  Texas  bees.  [19]  25: 
263-267. 


SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Opinions  115-123  rendered  by 
the  International  Commission  on  Zoological  Nomenclature. 
[Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.]  73:  1-36.  [Nothing  directly  entomo- 
logical.] 

BRADLEY'S   MANUAL   OF   THE   GENERA   OF   BEETLES. 

Dr.  J.  Chester  Bradley,  Professor  of  Entomology  in  Cor- 
nell University,  has  compiled  for  the  use  of  his  students  a 
Manual  of  the  Genera  of  Beetles  of  America,  north  of  Mexico. 
It  makes  a  volume  of  360  pages  which  is  offered  to  students 
of  Coleoptera,  other  than  those  in  the  University,  through  the 
publishers,  Daw,  Illston  &  Co.,  of  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

The  work  includes  dichotomous  keys  for  determining  the 
families  of  Coleoptera  known  to  occur  in  America,  north  of 
Mexico,  pages  1  to  15,  keys  to  the  tribes  and  genera  included 
in  each  family,  pages  16  to  305,  a  taxonomic  conspectus  of 
the  genera,  pages  306  to  334,  and  an  index.  The  keys  are 
stated  in  the  preface  to  have  been  selected,  rearranged,  abbre- 
viated, combined  and  translated  from  "all  the  most  recent 
sources,  scattered  through  the  world's  literature  on  insects." 
In  some  cases  alternative  keys  are  given,  as  on  pages  16  to  22, 
where  the  tribes  of  the  Carabidae  are  defined  according  to 
Sloane  and  again  according  to  Horn;  and  in  a  few  instances 
the  keys  are  original.  Apparently  no  effort  has  been  spared 
to  make  the  work  a  complete  compilation  of  our  present  knowl- 
edge of  the  classification  of  Coleoptera ;  it  includes  even  Dr. 
Blatchley's  discovery  of  the  family  Gnostidae  (published  in 
April,  1930),  and  presents  a  view  of  recently  proposed  changes 
in  classification  and  nomenclature  that  will  be  useful  to  all. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  89 

In  dealing  with  the  changes  proposed  in  the  classification, 
Dr.  Bradley  has  followed  essentially  that  of  the  writer's  cata- 
logue ;  to  provide  ready^  reference  thereto,  the  number  of  the 
catalogue  page  for  each  genus  is  entered  in  the  List  of  Genera. 
Modifications  in  the  sequence  or  rank  adopted  in  the  catalogue 
have  been  made  only  in  cases  where  more  recent  work  has 
made  such  a  course  necessary ;  in  a  few  instances,  proposed 
changes,  characterized  as  premature  or  revolutionary,  have  been 
disregarded. 

The  matter  thus  prepared  has  been  reproduced  in  pages 
resembling  typewritten  sheets,  clearly  and  legibly  printed,  and 
reflecting  credit  upon  the  publisher  as  well  as  the  author.  In 
the  difficulty  now  existing  of  procuring  copies  of  the  Leconte 
and  Horn  "Classification,"  or  of  Blatchley's  "Beetles  of 
Indiana,"  the  need  of  such  a  manual  is  apparent ;  and  it  is 
gratifying  to  record  that  it  has  been  prepared  in  a  competent 
and  conservative  manner. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  keys,  in  which  Dr.  Bradley 
acknowledges  the  helpful  criticism  of  Dr.  W.  T.  M.  Forbes, 
and  in  the  correction  of  the  manuscript,  in  which  he  was  as- 
sisted by  Mr.  Kenneth  Caster,  errors,  though  not  entirely 
absent,  seem  to  have  been  practically  eliminated.  It  should  be 
noted,  however,  that  on  page  21,  line  8,  (35)  is  an  error  for 
(30).  It  is  probable  that  in  defining  nearly  4000  categories, 
other  errors  may  have  escaped  detection. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  add  a  few  words  as  to  the  changes 
in  families  which  Dr.  Bradley  has  adopted.  Nine  families  are 
added,  usually  on  excellent  authority;  these  are  Pseudorhor- 
phidae,  Leiodidae,  Laridae,  Ptilodactylidae,  Psoidae,  Silvanidae, 
Languriidae,  Trogidae,  and  Calendridae.  The  argument  in 
favor  of  such  changes  is  the  striking  differences  between  the 
genera  included  and  those  with  which  they  have  formerly  been 
included.  On  the  other  hand  seven  families  are  reduced  in 
rank ;  these  are  Platypsyllidae,  Leptinidae,  Brathinidae,  Coryne- 
tidae,  Pedilidae,  Plastoceridae  and  Elmidae.  In  consistency  of 
treatment  some  of  these  reductions  may  not  be  ultimately 
adopted.  The  position  assigned  to  Brathinus,  as  a  genus  of 
Omaliinae,  seems  to  the  writer  especially  inconsistent ;  but  in 
this,  as  in  the  other  changes  mentioned,  Dr.  Bradley  has  fol- 
lowed the  most  recent  author  on  the  subject. 

A  few  changes  have  been  made  in  nomenclature,  e.g.,  Elaca- 
tidae  for  Othniidae,  Ciidae  for  Cisidae,  Choragidae  for  Platy- 
stomidae ;  the  last-named,  according  to  Pierce  '30,  seems  to  be 
unnecessary. 

The   student   of  the   Colcoptera   will   find   in   this   Manual   a 


90  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

complete  and  comprehensive  guide  to  the  classification  into 
families,  trihes  and  genera,  wisely  planned  and  excellently  exe- 
cuted. Dr.  Bradley  is  to  he  congratulated  on  the  highly  suc- 
cessful completion  of  a  monumental  fcask,  a  volume  in  which, 
for  the  first  time  since  1883,  every  coleopterous  genus  of 
America,  north  of  Mexico,  is  adequately  defined. 

C.  W.  LENG. 

THOMAS  SAY,  EARLY  AMERICAN  NATURALIST.  BY  HARRY 
B.  WEISS  and  GRACE  M.  ZIEGLER.  A  Foreword  by  L.  O.  HOW- 
ARD. MCMXXXI  Charles  C.  Thomas,  Publisher,  Springfield, 
Illinois ;  Baltimore,  Maryland.  Pp.  xiv,  260,  27  illustrations. 
$5.00  postpaid. — For  the  past  few  years  Mr.  Weiss  has  been 
giving  us  vivacious  sketches  of  entomological  celebrities  of  main- 
lands. It  is  quite  appropriate,  therefore,  that  he  should  under- 
take this  more  pretentious  life  of  one  of  the  earliest  and  best 
known  American  workers  in  this  field.  He  and  Miss  Ziegler 
have  brought  together  all  that  was  previously  known  of  Say's 
life  and  added  thereto  much  unpublished  material  from  many 
sources.  The  publisher's  jacket  rightly  describes  the  book  as 
primarily  concerned  with  Say's  life  rather  than  his  scientific 
attainments,  and  Dr.  Howard  adds  that,  after  reading  the 
authors'  account  of  a  number  of  Say's  contemporaries,  "one 
feels  almost  as  though  he  himself  had  lived  at  that  time  and 
knew  these  things  as  one  knows  contemporary  things." 

Three  generations  of  Says  preceded  Thomas  Say,  the  ento- 
mologist, in  Philadelphia.  There  was  William  Say,  his  great- 
grandfather, who  is  supposed  to  have  come  over  with  William 
Penn,  who  in  1699  married  Mary  Paschall,  daughter  of  two 
others  supposedly  of  Perm's  company.  William  Say  died  in 
1714.  His  son  Thomas  (1709-1796),  saddler  and  harness- 
maker,  later  apothecary  and  "physician",  city  commissioner  and 
coroner,  was  famous  for  "the  Uncommon  Visions"  which  he 
had  when  a  young  man.  Benjamin  Say  (1756-1813)  is  "sup- 
posed to  have  graduated  as  a  physician  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1780,  although  present  available  alumni  rec- 
ords do  not  substantiate  this".  Nevertheless  he  practised  medi- 
cine, charged  fees  therefor,  and  signed  the  original  Constitution 
of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Philadelphia  as  a  Junior  Fellow, 
January  2,  1787  (the  year  of  its  foundation),  and  subsequently 
served  as  its  treasurer  for  eighteen  years. 

Benjamin  Say  married  Ann  Bonsall,  granddaughter  of  John 
Bartram,  the  botanist,  on  October  1,  1776.  Their  oldest  child, 
Mary  (Polly),  appeared  November  17,  1778;  the  second, 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  91 

Thomas,  the  subject  of  this  hook,  was  not  horn  until  June  27, 
1787.  One  naturally  looks  to  his  mother's  ancestry  as  account- 
able for  his  interest  in  natural  history  and  we  are  told  that,  as 
a  boy,  when  he  collected  beetles  and  butterflies,  "he  was  encour- 
aged by  William  Bartram,  of  Kingsessing,  his  great-uncle,  who 
induced  him  and  several  of  his  young  companions  to  contribute 
their  findings  to  his  collection  of  natural  history  specimens.' 

Thomas  Say's  brief  partnership  with  John  Speakman  in  the 
drug  business,  their  financial  failure,  doubtless  soon  forgotten 
in  his  absorption  in  the  newly  founded'  (1812)  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  are  matters  well-known.  Less 
familiar,  perhaps,  is  his  service  as  a  member  of  the  Philadelphia 
First  City  Troop  from  September  5  to  December  20,  1814,  in 
the  war  with  England,  although  his  duties  were,  apparently, 
not  outside  the  state  of  Pennsylvania. 

Say's  knowledge  of  the  world  was  chiefly  obtained  in  the  four 
expeditions  to  Florida  (1817-1818),  the  Rocky  Mountains 
(1819-1820),  St.  Peter's  River  and  Lake  Winnipeg  (1823)  and 
Mexico  (1828),  to  accounts  of  which  some  forty-seven  pages 
are  devoted.  The  first  and  fourth  were  private  journeys  with 
William  Maclure,  President  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  1817- 
1840,  man  of  means  and  friend  of  Say.  The  second  and  third 
were  performed  under  the  orders  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
John  C.  Calhoun,  and  the  command  of  Major  Stephen  H.  Long, 
of  the  United  States  Topographical  Engineers.  Say  was  Zool- 
ogist on  both  expeditions,  but  gathered  data  not  only  on  animals 
but  also  on  the  vocabularies  of  Indian  tribes. 

It  was  between  the  third  and  fourth  of  these  journeys,  or  in 
1825,  that  Say  left  Philadelphia  with  Maclure  for  New  Har- 
mony, Indiana,  to  participate  in  Robert  Owen's  communistic 
experiment.  At  New  Harmony,  on  January  4,  1827,  he  married 
Lucy  Way  Sistare,  of  New  York  City,  who  had  come  out  with 
the  same  party  ;  there  he  became  agent  for  Maclure  after  Owen's 
withdrawal  and  there  he  died  October  10,  1834. 

Entomologists  will  be  interested  in  Say's  fourteen  letters  to 
John  F.  Melsheimer,  from  April  12,  1816,  to  December  1,  1824, 
many  of  them  first  published  in  the  NEWS  for  1901  and  1902. 
Say,  indeed,  has  sometimes  been  called  "The  Father  of  Ameri- 
can Entomology",  but  he  himself  applied  the  term  "parent  of 
Entomology  in  this  country"  in  his  .-luicrican  Entomology,  to 
Frederick  Valentine  Melsheimer,  author  of  the  Catalogue  of 
Insects  of  Pcnnsvk'ania  of  1806,*  and  father  of  John  F.  Mel- 
sheimer. In  a  letter  of  November  6,  1817,  he  tells  the  latter: 

*  Compare  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  xli,  p.  196,  June,  1930. 


92  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '31 

"I  assure  you  that  Shells  and  Crustacea  are  but  secondary  things 
with  me,  INSECTS  are  the  great  objects  of  my  attention.  I  hope 
to  be  able  to  renounce  everything  else  &  attend  to  them  only." 
Either  by  choice  or  by  necessity  this  hope  itself  was  renounced, 
for  it  was  in  his  closing  years  at  New  Harmony  that  his  Ameri- 
can Conchology  was  written  and  published,  although  never  com- 
pleted. Say  had  his  troubles  with  Dermestids  in  his  collection 
as  appears  from  three  different  references  in  this  book  (pages 
54,  145,  154),  with  non-receipt  of  separata  of  his  papers  (page 
59),  with  the  non-publication  of  another  (page  148). 

Say  was  nominally  "Professor  of  Natural  History  including 
Geology"  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  Philadelphia, 
from  1822  to  1828.  Our  authors  have  not  shed  any  further 
light  on  this  part  of  his  career  than  is  already  contained  in  Fran- 
cis Newton  Thorpe's  Benjamin  Franklin  and  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,^  for  example.  It  is  not  known  whether  Say  ever 
gave  any  instruction  under  this  appointment  or  not,  although 
he  placed  his  professorial  title  under  his  name  on  the  title  pages 
of -his  American  Entomology.  The  last  three  years  of  his  ten- 
ure were  certainly  spent  away  from  Philadelphia. 

The  biography  of  Say  and  of  his  ancestors  occupies  the  first 
nine  chapters,  or  158  pages  of  the  book.  Then  follow  brief 
accounts  of  some  of  his  friends:  his  brother  Benjamin  (1790- 
1836),  William  Maclure  (1763-1840),  Titian  Ramsey  Peale 
(1800-1885),  }.  F.  Melsheimer,  Thaddeus  William"  Harris 
(1795-1856),  Nicholas  Marcellus  Hentz  (1797-1856)  and 
others  whose  interests  lay  along  non-entomological  lines.  Some 
of  his  European  correspondents  are  enumerated  in  chapter  XII. 
A  summary  of  his  published  writings  forms  chapter  XIII. 
Chapter  XIV-describes  the  period  in  which  Say  worked,  Chap- 
ter XV  the  fate  of  his  collections.  Mrs.  Say  survived  until 
November  15,  1886,  dying  in  Lexington,  Massachusetts,  at  the 
age  of  86;  chapter  XVI  bears  her  name.  Chapter  XVII  de- 
scribes the  Say  Burial  Grounds  in  Philadelphia  and  at  New 
Harmony;  it  is  in  the  latter  that  the  remains  of  Thomas  Say 
repose.  The  eighteenth  chapter  gives  the  location  of  Say's 
manuscripts  and  letters,  which  the  authors  have  so  diligently 
explored.  Chapter  XIX  discusses  the  portraits  of  Thomas  Say, 
three  of  which  are  reproduced  here.  The  Post  face  mentions 
"the  numerous  persons  whose  combined  help  made  this  life  of 
Thomas  Say  possible  and  whose  unfailing  courtesy  was  a  con- 
stant source  of  pleasure."  There  are  also  nine  pages  of  genea- 

f  Bureau  of  Education  Circular  of  Information  No.  2,  1892.  Washing- 
ton:  Government  Printing  Office.  1893.  Sec  passes  330-331  in  the  article 
on  "The  Biological  School,"  by  Joseph  T.  Ruthrock. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XEWS  93 

logical  records  of  the  Say  family  and  a  bibliography,  occupying 
ten  pages,  of  general  works,  articles  on  the  Say  family,  on 
Thomas  Say  and  on  his  contemporaries,  but  no  list  of  Say's 
writings  is  included,  probably  for  reasons  which  are  hinted  at  in 
chapter  XIII.  The  volume  concludes  with  an  index.  The  illus- 
trations, in  addition  to  the  three  portraits  mentioned  above,  com- 
prise portraits  of  Robert  Owen,  Maclure,  Charles  Alexander 
I.esueur,  John  Speakman,  Jr.,  and  Mrs.  Say,  views  in  old  Phila- 
delphia and  in  Xew  Harmony,  and  fac-similes  of  title-pages  of 
books  and  of  letters  of  Thomas  Say. 

Weiss  and  Ziegler's  Thomas  Say  thus  gives  us  a  fuller  account 
of  this  early  American  naturalist  than  we  have  ever  before 
possessed,  told  in  a  pleasing  way,  and  enabling  us  to  understand 
more  clearly  the  beginnings  of  natural  science  in  the  United 
States.  Like  all  of  Mr.  Thomas'  publications-,  the  book  is  finely 
manufactured.  P.  P.  CALVERT. 

THE  AFRICAN  REPUBLIC  OF  LIBERIA  AND  THE  BELGIAN 
CONGO.  Based  on  the  Observations  made  and  the  Material 
collected  during  the  Harvard  African  Expedition  1926-1927. 
Edited  by  RICHARD  P.  STRONG.  Cambridge,  Harvard  Univer- 
sity Press  1930.  4  to.,  2  vols.,  paged  consecutively:  Vol  I,  pp. 
xxvi,  1-568,  7  maps,  443  +  2  figs.;  Vol.  II,  pp.  ix",  569-1064,  2 
maps,  33  -|-  28  figs.  $15.00. — The  contents  of  these  finely 
printed  and  illustrated  volumes  are  divided  into  three  parts : 
1.  A  detailed  and  interesting  account  of  the  geography,  climate, 
inhabitants  and  their  peculiarities,  sanitary  and  medical  condi- 
tions, geology,  flora,  mammals,  birds,  reptiles,  amphibians  and 
insects  of  Liberia,  by  Dr.  Strong  (209  pages).  2.  Medical  and 
pathological  investigations  in  Liberia  and  the  Belgian  Congo  by 
Drs.  Strong  and  George  B.  Shattuck  (252  pages).  3.  Medical 
and  Biological  Investigations.  Eighteen  articles,  by  various 
authors,  on  helminths,  protozoa,  plants,  mammals,  birds,  rep- 
tiles, amphibians,  certain  groups  of  insects  and  photography 
(591  pages).  The  attention  now  being  directed  to  slavery  and 
prevalence  of  human  diseases  in  Liberia,  instigated  in  part  by 
this  expedition,  renders  the  presentation  of  these  conditions  very 
timely. 

Among  the  entomological  contents  of  this  report  is  the  sum- 
mary on  entomology  (pp.  189-197)  in  Part  1  and  an  extensive 
article  (205  pages)  on  Medical  and  Economic  Entomology  by 
Dr.  Joseph  Bcr|uacrt,  entomologist  of  the  expedition,  treating 
of  Arachnids,  Isoptcra,  I  letcroptcra,  Dermaptcra.  Orthoptera, 
Diptera,  Anoplura.  Mallophaga.  Siphonaptera  and  Coleoptera, 
which  is  supplemented  by  another  on  llemiptera,  Mallophaga 


94  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,    '31 

and  Anoplura,  by  G.  F.  Ferris.  Of  all  the  groups  dealt  with 
by  Dr.  Bequaert.  the  Tabanidae  receive  the  greatest  attention 
(113  pages),  at  least  one  new  subgeneric  name  and  a  number 
of  new  species  being  proposed,  while  keys  to  the  Ethiopian  gen- 
era and  to  the  species  inhabiting  the  Belgian  Congo  of  several 
genera  are  given  as  well  as  a  tentative  grouping  of  the 
family  embodying  his  views  of  the  natural  relationships 
between  the  several  genera.  Three  main  divisions,  or  sub- 
families, are  recognized  under  the  names  of  Coenomyiinae, 
Pangoniinae  and  Tabaninae,  the  distinctions  between  them 
being  chiefly  in  the  presence  or  absence  of  ocelli  and  of 
spurs  on  the  hind  tibiae,  and  the  straight  or  wavy  course 
of  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  (An).  Under  the  Mosquitoes  it 
is  remarked  that :  "In  Liberia  the  mosquitoes  most  troublesome 
and  dangerous  to  man  are  a  few  domestic  or  urban  species, 
whose  breeding  places  are  almost  entirely  the  result  of  human 
activities.  In  the  primary  rain  forest,  second-growth,  swampy 
forest,  or  mangrove,  away  from  the  towns,  one  is  but  little 
annoyed  by  these  insects.  In  the  towns,  however,  one  is  bitten 
mostly  by  Acdcs  cgypti,  Culc.r  qiunqitefasciatits.  Anopheles 
(/ainbiae  and  A.  funestus,  all  of  which  are  important  carriers  of 
human  diseases.  At  Monrovia,  I  found  that  even  these  mos- 
quitoes were  not  particularly  numerous  nor  annoying  during 
July  and  November ;  at  any  rate  they  were  much  less  abundant 
than  in  many  other  tropical  places  I  have  visited.  Dr.  A.  W. 
Sellards  had  a  similar  experience  in  March,  so  that  apparently 
much  the  same  conditions  prevail  throughout  the  year.  An 
investigation  of  the  town  and  its  immediate  surroundings  dis- 
closed relatively  few  breeding  places,  although  no  attempt  had 
ever  been  made  at  controlling  or  eliminating  them.  Some  of 
these  breeding  places,  such  as  open  ditches  of  stagnant  water 
or  empty  cans  nears  houses,  could  easily  be  dealt  with.  The 
most  difficult  to  control,  however,  will  be  the  large  open  wells, 
surrounded  by  vertical  stone  walls,  that  are  found  in  almost 
every  yard  throughout  the  town.  At  Monrovia  both  anophelines 
and  Acdcs  egypti  were  breeding  in  them.  .  .  .  Perhaps  the 
proper  solution  of  the  problem  might  be  to  stock  the  wells  with 
certain  small  fishes  that  feed  upon  mosquito  larvae." 

Prof.  Ferris  describes  and  figures  both  new  and  previously 
known  species  of  Trichodectes.  Briefer  articles  are  those  by 
C.  T.  Brues  on  Aneurobracon,  a  remarkable  new  genus  of 
Braconidae  from  Liberia,  by  C.  P.  Alexander  on  Tipulidae 
collected  by  the  Expedition  (some  new  species),  and  by  P.  P. 
Calvert  on  the  Odonata,  and  N.  Banks  on  Neuroptera,  Meco- 
ptera  and  Trichoptera,  from  the  same  source. 

P.  P.  CALVERT. 


xlii,    '31J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

OBITUARY. 

JAMES  H.  EMERTON  died  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  on  De- 
cember 5,  1930.  He  was  widely  known  as  a  student  of  spiders, 
an  illustrator  of  scientific  books  and  a  constructor  of  zoological 
and  anatomical  models.  He  was  born  in  Salem,  Massachusetts, 
in  1847.  He  published  a  series  of  papers  on  New  England  and 
Canadian  spiders  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Connecticut  Acad- 
emy of  Arts  and  Sciences  (New  Haven),  from  1882  to  1894. 
These  led  to  frequent  calls  upon  him  "for  a  smaller  and  simpler 
book  to  meet  the  wants  of  readers  who,  without  making  a  special 
study  of  the  subject"  wanted  "to  know  a  little  about  spiders  in 
general  and  especially  those  species  that  they  often  met  with.' 
The  result  was  his  book  of  243  pages  and  501  figures  entitled 
The  Common  Spiders  of  the  United  States  (Boston  &  London, 
Ginn  &  Co.,  1902).  He  also  wrote  The  Structure  and  Habits 
of  Spiders  (1878)  and  The  New  England  Spiders.  He  made 
many  illustrations  for  Packard's  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Insects, 
Scudder's  Butterflies  of  New  England,  and  non-entomological 
works  of  A.  E.  Verrill  and  C.  S.  Minot.  We  are  informed  that 
an  extensive  obituary  notice  with  a  list  of  his  papers  will  appear 
in  Psyche.  P.  P.  CALVERT. 

The  death  of  Professor  JURIUS  PHILIPTSCHENKO  on  May  19, 
1930,  at  Leningrad,  of  meningitis,  is  announced  in  a  note,  signed 
by  M.  Rimsky-Korsakow,  Y.  Dogiel,  M.  Rozanova.  T.  Lus  and 
T.  Liepin.  published  in  Science  for  January  23,  1931.  We 
quote  from  it  as  follows:  "He  was  born  on  February  1,  1882, 
in  the  family  of  an  agriculturist-scientist  residing  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Orel.  After  graduating  in  the  University  of  Petersburg, 
in  1906,  he  continued  studying  for  his  professorship  at  the  Zoo- 
logical Cabinet  at  the  University.  In  1912  he  presented  his 
dissertation  on  the  embryology  of  Apterygota,  and  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Zoology  was  conferred  on  him  for  it.  In  1917  |  he  | 
obtained  his  doctorate  on  presenting  another  dissertation  on 
the  variability  and  heredity  of  the  skull  in  mammals.  In  the 
meanwhile,  he  was  elected  first  assistant  professor,  then  reader 


96  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '31 

in  Zoology,  and  in  1919  professor  of  the  University  of  Peters- 
burg, where  he  established  the  first  chair  of  genetics  in  Russia 
and  founded  a  new  school  of  young  geneticists.  .  .  .  Some 
months  before  his  demise  [he]  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the 
department  of  genetics  of  the  Institute  of  Animal  Industry  of 
the  Lenin  Academy  of  Agricultural  Sciences  in  U.  S.  S.  R.  His 
works,  nine  of  which  represent  large  manuals  of  genetics  and 
experimental  zoology,  amount  to  1 14  in  number  .  .  .  As  to 
his  personality,  it  should  be  mentioned  that  he  was  not  only  an 
eminent  scientific  investigator  and  a  brilliant  lecturer,  but  also 
an  exceptional  man,  well  known  for  his  inexhaustible  energy, 
kindness  and  responsiveness  to  the  needs  of  all  those  who  sur- 
rounded him.  His  death  was  a  heavy  blow  to  every  one  who 
knew  him  closely  and  a  great  loss  for  science." 

Philiptschenko's  papers  on  the  Apterygota,  insofar  as  they 
were  not  published  in  Russian,  appeared  chiefly  in  the  Zcit- 
schrift  fiir  u'issencJiaftliche  Zoologic  and  comprise  his  Anato- 
mischc  Studicn  iibcr  Collcmbola  (vol.  85,  1906),  Ubcr  die 
cxcrctorisclicn  und  phagocytdrcn  Oryanc  von  Ctenolepisma 
lincata  (vol.  88,  1907),  Uber  die  Kopfdriisen  der  Thysanurcn 
(vol  91,  1908)  and  Die  Embryonalcntwicklung  von  Isotoma 
cinerea  Nic.  (vol.  103,  1912).  A  summary  of  the  last  named 
is  given  by  its  author  in  the  ZoologiscJicr  Anzcigcr  (vol.  39)  for 
the  same  year. 


Professor  JAMES  S.  HINE,  of  the  Ohio  State  University, 
known  for  his  work  on  Tabanidae,  Asilidae  and  on  Odonata, 
died  suddenly  on  December  22,  1930. 

The  sudden  and  unexpected  death,  on  January  30,  1931,  of 
Dr.  FRITZ  Ris,  at  Rheinau,  Switzerland,  after  a  brief  indisposi- 
tion, is  announced.  His  publications  on  neuropteroid  insects, 
especially  in  later  years  the  Odonata,  and  including  a  great 
monograph  of  the  Libellulinae  of  the  world,  have  given  him 
high  rank  as  an  entomologist. 

We  hope  to  present  longer  notices  of  both  these  naturalists  in 
later  numbers  of  the  NEWS. 


Subscriptions  for  1931  are  now  payable. 

APRIL,  1931 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLII 


No.  4 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 


CONTENTS 

Chamberlin — On  a  Collection  of  Chilopods  and  Diplopods  from  Okla- 
homa   97 

Cresson — Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and   Species  of  the  Dipterous 

Family  Ephydridae.     Paper  IX 104 

Montgomery — Notes  on  Some  Butterflies  of  Northeastern  Georgia.  .    .  109 
Calkins — Papilio  daunus  Boisd.  in  Scott  County,  Kansas  (Lepid.;   Pa- 

pilionidae) Ill 

Park — Abnormal  Antenna  in  Eleodes  (Coleop. ;  Tenebrionidae)    .    .    .  112 

Byers — Dixie  Dragonflies  Collected  during  Summer  of  1930  (Odonata)  113 

Entomological  Literature 119 

Review— Wheeler's  Demons  of  the  Dust  .  123 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January  15,  1991. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder,Ph.D., 

Associate   Editors. 

Advisory  Committee :  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and   South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .  .          .  3.15 

_-   Foreign  .  3.25  ,      / 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  exyense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
ti<"n,  without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
slated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 


The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numbers 
if  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XL1I. 


Plate  II. 


1.  SPIROBOLUS  OKLAHOMAE. 

2.  ORTHOPORUS  WICHITANUS. 
3-5.  EURYMERODESMUS  MUNDUS. 

6-8.  E.   BIRDI.  — CHAMBEHLIN. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XLII.  APRIL,   1931  No.  4 

On  a  Collection  of  Chilopods  and  Diplopods  from 

Oklahoma. 

By  RALPH  V.  CHAMBERLIN,  University  of  Utah. 

(Plate  II) 

There  have  been  few  records  of  Chilopods  and  Diplopods 
from  Oklahoma.  It  is  a  matter  of  considerable  interest,  there- 
fore, to  be  able  to  report  upon  an  interesting  collection  of  these 
arthropods  made  by  Professor  R.  D.  Bird  of  the  University  of 
Oklahoma  and  by  him  transmitted  to  me  for  identification.  The 
types  of  the  four  new  diplopods  represented  in  the  material  are 
deposited  in  the  author's  collection. 

CHILOPODA. 

OTOCRYPTOPS  SEXSPINOSUS  (Say). 

Murray  County,  Oct.  26,  1929.    One  specimen.    R.  D.  Bird, 
coll. 
SCOLOPENDRA  HERDS  Girard. 

Carter  County,  Ardmore,  one  specimen ;  Mount  Scott, 
Wichita  National  Forest,  one  specimen ;  Taliga,  South  Can- 
adian River,  one  specimen  taken  in  a  seine ;  south  of  Buffalo 
Lodge,  Wichita  National  Forest,  July  7,  1928 ;  near  Camp 
Boulder,  Wichita  National  Forest.  28  June,  1928,  one  very 
young  specimen. 
SCOLOPENDRA  POLYMORPHA  Wood. 

Norman.  June  9,  1929;  Woods  County,  April  29,  1930;  one 
specimen   from  each  locality. 
NEOLITHOBIUS  SUPRENAXS  Chamberlin. 

Norman,  February  23,   1929.  one  male  and  one   female  col- 
lected by  R.  D.  Bird;  Cleveland  County,  Mar.    10,   1929,  two 
males  collected  by  R.  D.  Bird;  Woods  County,  July  25,  1930, 
one  specimen. 
ARENOPHILUS  BIPUNCTICEPS   (Wood). 

Norman,  Nov.  19,  1930,  one  specimen  collected  by  N. 
Wheat ;  Woods  County,  July  23,  1930,  one  specimen  collected 
by  R.  D.  Bird. 

SCUTIGERA    COLEOPTRATA    LinnsetlS. 

Norman,  Nov.  21,  1930;  Oct.  20,  1929,  and  Jan.,  1931,  one 
specimen  on  each  date. 

97 


98  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

DIPLOPODA. 

LYSIOPETALUM  LACTARIUM  (Say). 

Wichita  National  Forest,  near  Buffalo  Lodge,  two  specimens 
taken  under  cow  dung. 
BLANIULUS  GUTTULATUS  (Bosc). 

Sussex  County,  June  15,   1930.     Three  specimens. 
ETHOIULUS  DIVERSIFRONS  (Wood). 

Cleveland    County,    April    5,    1929,    several    males    and    one 
female.     R.  D.  Bird  coll. 
PARATULUS  sp. 

Murray  County,  Apr.  5,  1929.  Several  immature  males  and 
females.  R.  D.  Bird  coll. 

Spirobolus  oklahomae  sp.  nov.    (Plate  II,  fig.  1.) 

General  color  dark  brown  or  fuscous  with  a  reddish  or  red- 
dish-brown band  caudacl  of  the  sulcus  on  each  segment,  this 
band  lighter  in  color  down  the  sides ;  collum  bordered  both 
anteriorly  and  posteriorly  with  reddish  ;  head  fuscous  except- 
ing clypeal  border,  which  is  paler.  Antennae  and  legs  reddish. 

Vertex  of  head  crossed  by  a  fine  striaform  sulcus  which  ends 
anteriorly  at  level  of  upper  border  of  eyes ;  a  similarly  fine 
medium  longitudinal  sulcus  from  lowest  level  of  antennal  sock- 
ets to  median  labral  emargination.  Occipital  region  of  head 
densely  coarsely  punctate,  the  frontal  and  clypeal  regions  more 
sparsely  and  more  finely  punctate,  shining,  in  region  between 
antennal  sockets  a  few,  fine  transverse  striae;  below  antennal 
sockets  some  fine  vertical  striae.  Antenna  of  usual  proportions, 
and  lying  in  the  usual  excavation  in  head  and  stipes.  Clypeal 
foveolae  5+5  or  6-f-6. 

Collum  ending  on  each  side  above  lower  process  of  second 
segment  in  the  typical  manner,  the  lower  end  rounded ;  mar- 
gined below  and  up  anterior  side  to  level  of  eye ;  surface 
densely  punctate  and  with  fine  coriarious  markings. 

Second  tergite  produced  forward  below  end  of  collum  on 
each  side,  the  anterior  border  of  process  conspicuously  elevated. 

All  segments  densely  punctate,  the  punctae  coarser  and 
deeper  along  depression  of  sulcus ;  transverse  sulcus  caudad  of 
middle,  acutely  angled  at  level  of  pore  which  lies  cephalad  of 
it.  Metazonites  below  crossed  by  longitudinal  striae ;  striae  at 
same  level  on  prozonite  curving  forward  and  upward. 

Anal  tergite  depressed  transversely  across  posterior  portion 
but  without  sulcus ;  caudal  angle  rounded,  surpassed  by  the 
anal  valves. 

Anal  valves  at  mesal  border  moderately  compressed  and 
elevated. 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  99 

Anterior  legs  of  male  with  proximal  joints  compressed  in  the 
anterio-cauclal  direction  as  usual,  the  third  going  ('specially  con- 
spicuously flattened,  broad  in  the  dorso-ventral  plane.  Coxal 
processes  of  third  legs  short,  columnar,  being  about  as  thick 
distally  as  proximally,  the  distal  end  bearing  at  middle  only  an 
obsolete  conical  point  which  is  easily  overlooked.  Processes  of 
fourth  and  fifth  legs  short,  with  conspicuous  conical  apices. 

In  the  gonopods  of  the  male  the  anterior  or  median  lamina 
extended  forward  at  middle  in  a  broad,  subquadrate  plate,  the 
anterior  corners  of  which  are  rounded,  and  the  anterior  margin 
scarcely  convex.  Posterior  plate  of  telopodite  of  anterior  gono- 
pod  with  outer  border  convex,  the  narrowed  apical  portion 
reflected  caudad  and  a  little  ectad  at  tip.  See  further  the  ac- 
companying figures. 

Number  of  segments  in  male  holotype,  52. 

Length,  about  73  mm. ;  diameter,  6  mm. 

Holot\pc,  male,  Murray  County,  Oct.  4,  1930.  R.  D.  Bird 
coll. 

Also  one  male  at  Buffalo  Lodge,  Wichita  National  Forest 
taken  June  15,  1928.  Two  females  Pushmatoha  County,  June 
25,  1929.  R.  D.  Bird  coll. 

This  species  resembles  S.  unir/fiiniins :  but  it  is  a  smaller 
form  differing  in  having  the  median  plate  of  the  male  gonopods 
distally  truncate  as  well  as  in  the  form  of  posterior  and  of 
anterior  gonopods  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  figure. 

Orthoporus  wichitanus  sp.  nov.    (Plate  II,  fig.  2.) 

General  color  of  the  body  fuscous  with  a  narrow  annulus 
bordering  caudal  margin  of  each  segment  lighter,  more  reddish 
though  the  lighter  annuli  are  not  conspicuous  ;  covered  portion 
of  progonites  paler.  Head  fuscous  above,  lighter  in  clypeal 
region  excepting  a  dark  band  above  the  labral  border,  this  band 
curving  upward  on  each  side. 

Head  with  a  transverse  sulcus  across  posterior  portion  of 
occiput  running  between  posterior  angles  of  eyes  and  angulate 
at  middle;  a  finer  median  longitudinal  sulcus  running  from 
angle  of  the  transverse  sulcus  across  vertex  to  join  a  line  trans- 
verse impressed  line  between  inner  angles  of  eyes.  No  median 
sulcus  below.  On  each  side  just  in  front  of  the  occipital  trans- 
verse sulcus  a  series  of  shorter,  and  overlapping,  curved  trans- 
verse lines;  the  vertical  region  otherwise  smooth  and  shining. 
Lower  frontal  region  somewhat  roughened  with  impressed, 
mostly  irregular  furrows  or  sulci,  the  adjacent  cylpeal  region 


100  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

similarly  marked  but  also  subdensely  punctate.  Labral  border 
about  18  setigerous  foveolae  in  depressions  separated  by  short 
longitudinal  ridges. 

Collum  not  inflexed  below ;  the  anterior  lateral  corner  in  the 
male  extended  forward  in  a  well  rounded  lobe  which  is  mar- 
gined with  a  sulcus.  A  second  sulcus  subparallel  to  the  mar- 
gining one  extends  farther  dorsad ;  a  third  sulcus  is  subparallel 
to  the  second  one  below  but  does  not  extend  up  dorsad  beyond 
middle  of  the  anterior  lobe ;  a  fourth  sulcus  runs  from  the 
posterior-lateral  or  lower  corner,  curving  forward  and  upward 
to  the  level  of  lower  edge  of  eye;  a  fifth  sulcus  caudad  of  the 
fourth  is  short,  like  the  third  ;  and  a  sixth  sulcus,  which  curves 
still  less  than  the  fourth,  extends  dorsad  a  little  beyond  upper 
end  of  the  latter.  On  each  side  caudad  of  these  striae  a  number 
of  irregular,  short,  more  weakly  impressed,  longitudinal  striae. 
Smooth  and  shining  above. 

Tergites  in  general  densely  but  very  finely  punctate.  Seg- 
mental  sulcus  strongly  impressed,  cross-ribbed ;  preceded  over 
prozonite  above  by  finer  transverse  striae.  Longitudinal  striae 
strongly  impressed  below,  across  metazonite.  Segmental  pore 
well  removed  from  the  sulcus  which  is  not  at  all  or  but  vaguely 
excurved  opposite  it. 

Anal  tergite  not  covering  the  valves  completely ;  angle  of 
caudal  portion  rounded,  the  caudal  triangular  portion  set  off 
by  a  strongly  impressed  transverse  sulcus,  the  tergite  in  front 
of  this  sulcus  densely  punctate,  and  caudad  of  it  strongly  punc- 
torugose.  Anal  valves  with  margins  strongly  elevated ;  surface 
punctate  but  not  rugose. 

Anterior  gonopods  each  with  ventral  end  produced  into  a 
lobe  which  bends  outward  below  base  of  cone  and  is  rounded 
at  the  end ;  the  lateral  cone  extending  directly  laterad,  acum- 
inate, terminating  in  a  slenderly  acute,  sigmoidal  tip.  Coxa  of 
posterior  gonopod  curving  upward  and  ending  about  half-way 
to  base  of  anterior  gonopod,  where  it  presents  on  the  mesal  side 
a  short  angular  prominence  or  spur ;  telopodite  broadly  laminate 
as  usual,  expanding  and  curving  toward  free  end. 

Segments  in  male  holotype,  64-66. 

Diameter  of  holotype  7  mm.;  length,  about  115  mm. 

A  female  allotype  is  about  120  mm.  long ;  diameter  10  mm. 

Holotypc,  male,  Elk  Mountain,  Wichita  Forest  Reserve,  June 
22,  1928.  Female  allotype  taken  July  9th  west  of  Elk  Moun- 
tain, N.  M.  Newport  coll. 

This  species,  the  sole  representative  of  the  genus  known  from 
this  part  of  the  United  States,  may  be  recognized  at  once  by 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  101 

the  form  of  the  conspicuous,  acuminate  lateral  cones  of  the 
anterior  gonopods  and  the  form  of  the  telopodite  of  the  pos- 
terior gonopods  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  figure. 

POLYDESMUS    PINETORUM    Bollmail. 

Norman  Black  Jack  Forest,  Feb.  26,  1930,  one  male  and  one 
female,  D.  Zeigler  coll. 

Eurymerodesmus*  birdi  sp.  nov.    (Plate  II,  figs.  6-8). 

Dorsum  in  general  brown,  with  a  wide  median  longitudinal 
strip  lighter,  sometimes  yellowish,  in  some  bisected  by  a  darker 
arterial  line ;  the  keels  also  yellowish ;  sides  and  venter  yellow, 
collum  bordered  with  yellow  all  the  way  around.  Head  with 
a  network  of  dark  lines  over  vertex ;  a  dark  spot  under  base 
of  each  antenna.  Legs  fine  yellow  to  brown,  antennae  brown, 
typically  darker  than  the  legs,  the  sixth  joint  darker  than  the 
others. 

Head  smooth.  Vertigial  sulcus  sharply  impressed,  ending  at 
level  of  antennal  sockets.  Antennae  filiform,  the  ultimate 
article  alone  narrowed,  having  the  usual  four  sensory  cones. 

Collum  narrower  than  second  tergite  in  about  same  degree 
as  latter  is  narrower  than  the  third ;  lateral  ends  narrowed  and 
distally  rounded  as  usual ;  anterior  margin  straight  over  median 
region,  the  lateral  portion  slanting  to  ends  and  a  little  incurved 
at  middle ;  posterior  margin  straight  or  slightly  incurved  over 
middle  region,  the  lateral  portion  convex,  bending  forward  to 
ends  ;  keel  narrowly  margined  on  posterior  side,  the  margina- 
tion  broader  about  ends  and  the  sulcus  paralleling  outer  margin 
and  gradually  fading  out  on  dorsal  region. 

In  the  succeeding  tergites  the  margins  of  the  keels  are 
thickened,  the  labial  margin  being  swollen  and  set  off  by  a 
distinct  depression  the  other  margins  more  narrowly  elevated ; 
lateral  margin  in  dorsal  view  evenly  convex,  smooth.  Posterior 
angles  of  16-19  keels  produced  caudad  in  incurving  degree  from 
first  of  these  to  the  19th. 

Anal  tergite  with  the  caudal  processes  narrowly  truncate  at 
the  end.  And  valves  with  margins  elevated  and  closely  op- 
pressed. Each  elevated  border  having  a  long  seta  towards  its 
upper  end.  Anal  scale  with  sides  strongly  convex,  narrowed 
caudad,  producing  an  angle  on  median  caudal  line,  each  side  of 
which  is  a  long  seta. 

In  the  male  there  is  a  pair  of  short,  rounded  prominences 
between  each  pair  of  legs  of  the  sixth  segment,  these  processes 

*  For  characteristics  of  the  genus  see  Chamberlin,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  1920,  vol.  33,  p.  97. 


102  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

strongly  setose  at  distal  ends.  On  the  seventh  segment  there 
is  on  each  side  of  the  gonopods  a  triangular  process  or  lamina 
which  is  setose.  Each  gonopod  has  a  telopodite  which  runs 
transversely  against  the  basal  lobe  to  its  mesal  end,  then  runs 
sub-ventrally  on  a  nearly  straight  blade  to  a  transverse,  sub- 
unciform  terminal  portion;  the  terminal  transverse  portion 
short  with  an  acute  and  somewhat  recurved  point;  blade 
strongly  setose  on  mesal  margin  to  apical  portion  which  has 
setae  on  caudal  side  of  base  but  is  distally  glabrous.  See  figures. 
Length,  about  32  mm. ;  width,  4.5  mm. 

Holotype,  male,  Murray  County,  Oct.  17,  1929,  R.  D.  Bird 
coll.  Also  from  the  same  locality  one  adult  male  and  one 
female  and  two  immature  specimens. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  genotype  by 
the  details  of  the  gonopods  and  by  the  triangular  form  of  the 
connected  sternal  processes  of  the  seventh  segment.  These 
processes  are  conspicuously  different  in  size  and  shape  from 
those  of  the  following  species,  E.  mundns.  The  form  of  the 
gonopods  is  shown  in  the  accompanying  figures. 

Eurymerodesmus  mundus  sp.  nov.    (Plate  II,  figs.  3-5.) 

General  color  of  the  dorsum  brown  with  the  carinae  and 
caudal  borders  of  the  tergites  brick-red;  the  brown  color  ex- 
tending down  the  sides  on  the  prozonites  farther  than  on  meta- 
zonites  beneath  the  keels,  the  sides  otherwise  and  the  venter 
light  yellow.  Collum  bordered  anteriorly  as  well  as  posteriorly 
with  red.  Head  brownish  above,  darker  over  area  between 
antennae  and  over  upper  clypeal  region,  the  labral  and  lateral 
borders  yellow ;  antennae  yellowish  tinged  with  brown.  The 
brown  denser  on  fifth  and  especially  on  the  sixth  segment,  and 
on  proximal  portion  of  the  seventh.  Legs  yellow. 

Head  smooth.  Vertigial  sulcus  sharply  impressed,  ending 
near  upper  level  of  antennal  sockets,  the  terminal  portion 
widened.  Antennae  filiform,  the  seventh  article  above  nar- 
rowed. 

Lateral  ends  of  collum  narrowly  rounded,  the  line  connect- 
ing them  running  well  caudad  of  middle ;  median  portion  of 
anterior  margin  nearly  straight,  slightly  convex,  the  lateral  por- 
tion curving  widely  and  evenly  to  lateral  end ;  caudal  margin 
bending  forward  over  lateral  portion  to  the  end.  Margined 
about  lateral  ends,  where  the  border  is  more  thickened,  and 
along  anterior  and  posterior  borders  part  way  to  the  median 
line. 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  103 

In  the  succeeding  tergites  the  anterior  corners  of  the  keels 
are  all  well  rounded.  Anterior  tergites  in  general  with  lateral 
portion  of  caudal  margins  running  obliquely  forward  and  be- 
coming more  and  more  nearly  transverse  in  middle  and  pos- 
terior regions;  posterior  angles  of  18th  and  19th  tergites  dis- 
tinctly produced,  but  distally  well  rounded ;  the  corners  of  a 
few  preceding  tergites  slightly  extended  caudad.  Lateral  mar- 
gins of  keels  as  seen  from  above  smooth  and  convex ;  the  lateral 
margins  of  keels  strongly  thickened,  the  anterior  and  posterior 
borders  more  narrowly  thickened  or  margined. 

Last  tergite  with  narrower  caudal  portion  the  sides  of  which 
converge  to  a  narrowly  truncate  apex ;  the  caudal  portion  yel- 
low except  for  reddish  stripe  at  its  base.  Valves  with  mesal 
borders  narrowly  elevated  or  thickened.  Anal  scale  semicircu- 
lar, the  caudal  margin  convex  and  with  a  setigerous  tubercle 
each  side  of  middle  region. 

Sternal  process  between  legs  of  sixth  segment  obsolete ;  and 
none  present  between  posterior  legs  of  seventh  segment ;  those 
on  eighth  segment  very  small. 

In  the  male  the  seventh  segment  presents  behind  the  gonopods 
a  pair  of  stout,  columnar  or  somewhat  clavate  processes  which 
are  united  at  base  by  a  low  transverse  lamina ;  a  low  lamina 
ectad  of  each  column  extends  laterad  and  a  little  cephalad,  its 
free  margin  slanting  from  near  middle  of  length  of  the  column 
rapidly  to  surface  of  somite.  Telopodites  of  gonopods  rising 
from  mesal  side  of  basal  segments,  each  telopodite  a  nearly 
straight  blade  which  narrows  gradually  to  level  of  free  end  of 
the  column  where  it  bends  abruptly  caudad  and  is  apically 
acute ;  the  caudal  surface  of  telopodite  densely  setose  up  to 
level  of  the  apical  portion  as  shown  in  the  figures. 

Length  of  male  holotype,  about  27  mm.,  the  width,  5  mm. 

Holotypc,  male,  Norman,  Black  Jack  Forest  at  University, 
26  Feb.,"  1930,  I).  Zeigler  coll. 

Also  from  the  same  locality  two  males,  1  male  10  mm.,  1929, 
R.  D.  Bird.  Cleveland  County,  1  male,  April  5,  1929.  A  num- 
ber of  immature  specimens,  apparently  this  species,  taken  near 
Camp  Boulder,  Wichita  National  Forest,  8th  June,  1928. 

The  species  is  conspicuously  different  from  other  known 
species  of  the  genus  in  the  form  of  the  sternal  processes  of 
the  seventh  segment  of  the  male.  These  are  columnar  in  form, 
parallel  in  position  and  are  connected  at  bases  in  the  usual  way. 
They  are  fully  as  long  as  the  gonopods  which  they  completely 
conceal  in  posterior  view.  See  figures. 


104  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  II. 

Fig.   1.  Spirobolus  oklahomae  n.  sp.,  anterior  view  of  gonopods 

of  male. 

Fig.  2.  Orthoporus  wichitanus  n.  sp.,  gonopods  of  male. 
Fig.  3.  Eurymcrodcsmus  mundus,  right  gonopod  of  male,  an- 
terior view. 
Fig.  4.  Euryinerodcsmus  mundus  n.    sp..   distal   end   of    right 

gonopod  of  male,  lateral  view. 
Fig.  5.  Eurymcrodcsjnus  mundus  n.   sp.,  sternal  processes  of 

seventh    segment    of    male,    caudal    view,    less    highly 

magnified  than  figs.  6  and  7. 
Fig.  6.  Eurymcrodcsmus  birdi  n.  sp.,  right  gonopod  of  male, 

anterior  view. 
Fig.  7.  Euryinerodcsmus   birdi  n.    sp.,   apical   portion   of    left 

gonopod  of  male,  sublateral  view. 
Fig.  8.  Eurymcrodcsmus    birdi    n.    sp.,    sternal    processes    of 

seventh  segment  of  male,  anterior  view. 


Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and  Species  of  the 
Dipterous  Family  Ephydridae.     Paper  IX.* 

By  EZRA  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Hydrellia  serena  new  species. 

Black,  including  tibiae  and  tarsi ;  palpi  fulvous,  halteres 
lemon  yellow.  Nearly  shining,  sparingly  dark  brown  pollinose, 
with  frontalia  broadly  velvety-black  from  dorsal  aspect. 
Lunule,  face,  cheeks,  tormae,  and  undersurface  of  thorax,  gray- 
ish ;  humeri  and  mesopleura  dark,  concolorous  with  mesonotum. 
Face  not  prominent  in  profile,  weakly  convex,  the  bristles  not 
much  stronger  than  the  aristal- hairs.  Antesutural  dorsocentral 
very  weak,  scarcely  differentiated  from  surrounding  setulae. 
Fifth  abdominal  segment  of  male  acutely  triangular,  slightly 
longer  than  fourth. 

Length,  2  mm. 

Type. — Male ;  Ilwaco,  WASHINGTON,  July,  1917,  (A.  L. 
Melander),  [A.N.S.P..  no.  6482 1.  Paratypcs.— 3  $  ,  6?; 
topotypical. 

This  species  is  similar  to  my  conception  of  nigricans  of 
Europe,  with  the  dorsocentrals  developed  as  in  scalaris,  but 

*  Paper  VII.     See  ENT.  NEWS,  XXXVI,  p.  165,  (1925). 
Paper  VIII.     See  ENT.  NEWS,  XLI,  p.  76,  (1930). 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  105 

the  fifth  abdominal  segment  of  male  similar  to  that  of  crunttis. 
In  our  lineal  arrangement  we  will  place  the  species  between 
tibialis  and  fonnosa. 

Hydrellia  platygastra  new  species. 

Black  including  palpi  and  antennae ;  halteres  lemon  yellow, 
extreme  apices  of  femora,  bases  and  apices  of  tibiae  and  most 
of  tarsi,  brown  to  tawny.  Somewhat  shining  especially  the 
abdomen,  obscured  by  grayish  brown  pollen.  Frons  subopaque 
with  velvety-black  frontalia.  Face  entirely  opaque,  velvety- 
brown  or  black.  Pleura  below  and  posteriorly  somewhat  gray- 
ish ;  humeri  and  mesopleura  dark,  concolorous  with  mesonotum. 
Frons  broad,  with  reclinate  frontal  bristle  very  strong;  face 
almost  flat  in  profile.  Antesutural  dorsocentral  strong  and  near 
sutural  region.  Abdomen  of  male  with  third  and  following 
segments  strongly  compressed  laterally,  dilated  dorso-ventrally  ; 
genital  segment  very  large.  Length,  2.5  to  3  mm. 

Type. — Male ;  Beaver  Creek,  Newport,  OREGON,  ( J.  M. 
Aldrich),  [A.X.S.P.,  no.  64X3  | .  Paratypcs—  1  $  ,  59  ;  topo- 
typical. 

A  species  very  easily  distinguished  by  the  dark,  velvety- 
black  face,  black  antennae  and  palpi.  The  laterally  compressed 
abdomen  of  the  male  is  very  characteristic  and  is  shared  by  but 
very  few  other  species  in  this  genus.  This  and  the  next  species 
we  will  place  following  nobilis,  but  they  seem  to  constitute  a 
small  group  of  themselves. 

Hydrellia   morrisoni   new   species. 

Very  similar  to  platygastra  but  face  is  whitish,  the  ante- 
sutural  dorsocentral  is  reduced,  and  the  hind  tarsi  very  notice- 
ably dilated  medianly. 

Black  including  palpi,  antennae  and  tibiae:  halteres  lemon- 
yellow,  tarsi  brownish.  Opaque  cinereous;  abdomen  more  shin- 
ing. Frons  and  mesonotum  dark  gray ;  frontalia  not  well 
marked;  lunule  gray;  face  white  becoming  gray  along  orbits. 
Reclinate  frontal  bristle  present;  face  in  profile  weakly  con- 
vex. Antesutural  dorsocentral  weak.  Middle  tibiae  in  male  as 
thick  as  femora;  hind  tibiae  dilated  medianly  with  convex  ex- 
tensor margin  and  flattened  anterior  surface.  Length,  2.5  mm. 

Type. — Male;  \Yhite  Mountains.  Xi-.w  H  A.MPSII  IRK  (Morri- 
son), [U.S.N.M.,  no.  43453].  Paratypc. — 1  <J  ;  topotypical. 


106  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

Hydrellia  americana  new  species. 

Very  similar  to  albilabris  Meigen  of  Europe,  but  the  pleura 
are  slightly  grayish,  not  so  intensely  hlack  as  in  that  species. 
From  tibialis  it  differs  in  having  the  frons  more  velvety-black, 
at  most  only  the  upper  part  of  the  medifrons  not  included;  the 
proocellar  bristles  are  also  weaker  in  this  species. 

Black  including  antennae  and  palpi ;  halteres  lemon-yellow. 
Subopaque,  sparingly  brownish  pollinose.  Frons  velvety-black 
except  sometimes  at  vertical  margin ;  proocellar  bristles  very 
weak,  much  weaker  than  the  frontorbitals.  Face  and  lunule 
silvery-white.  Pleura  slightly  grayish  not  opaque.  Length, 
1.5  to  1.8  mm. 

Type. — Female ;  Chesapeake  Beach,  MARYLAND,  August  2, 
(J.  "M.  Aldrich),  [U.S.N.M,  no.  43454]  Paratyfcs.— 2  9  ; 
Machias,  MAINE,  July  17,  and  19,  (C.  W.  Johnson),  [Boston 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.].  1  9  ;  Wilmington  Notch.  Adirondacks,  NEW 
YORK,  July  3,  (Aldrich),  [U.S.N.M.]. 

The  male  is  unknown. 

Hydrellia  subnitens   new   species. 

A  western  species  suggesting  our  eastern  cntralis  Coquillett, 
but  more  shining,  with  dark  tibiae,  and  very  narrow  cheeks. 

Black;  third  antennal  segment  except  disk,  mouthparts,  face, 
extremities  of  tibiae,  and  all  tarsi  except  apices,  yellow.  Hal- 
teres lemon-yellow.  Frons  rather  opaque,  brownish,  with  fron- 
talia  scracely  differentiated  from  the  trapezoidal  medifrons; 
lunule  white  as  is  also  the  face,  but  not  sericeous.  The  latter 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  weakly  and  evenly  convex  in  profile, 
with  long  slender  bristles  and  very  narrow,  linear  parafacials. 
Cheeks  very  narrow.  Arista  with  seven  to  eight  well  spaced 
hairs. 

Mesonotum  including  humeri,  notopleura  and  scutellum,  dark, 
subopaque,  brown  pollinose;  mesopleura  except  extreme  upper 
margin,  gray.  Antesutural  dorsocentral  strong,  well  removed 
from  sutural  region.  Abdomen  broad,  almost  shining,  brown- 
ish pollinose ;  fifth  segment  of  male  much  longer  than  fourth, 
rather  broadly  truncate.  Wings  long;  second  costal  section 
twice  as  long  as  third.  Length,  2.4  mm. 

Type. — Male ;  Tacoma,  WASHINGTON,  August  27,  1911, 
(A.  L.  Melander),  [A.N.S.P,  no.  6484J.  l\mit\t>cs.—2s , 
1  9  ;  topotypical. 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  107 

Hydrellia  crassipes  new  species. 

Apparently  very  similar  to  atroglauca  Coquillett,  but  with 
dark  tibiae.  I  have  not  seen  a  male  of  atror/lauca. 

Black;  palpi  and  tarsi  tawny.  Halteres  whitish.  Opaque; 
mesonotum  including  humeri,  scutellum  and  dorstim  of  abdo- 
men, dark,  subopaque,  dark  ocherous  pollinose ;  lower  occiput, 
pleura,  venter  of  abdomen,  femora  and  tibiae,  gray  to  whitish. 
Frons  opaque  black,  with  frontalia  scarcely  differentiated ; 
lunule  white.  Face  and  cheeks  plumbaceous  to  yellowish  gray, 
not  sericeous ;  former  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  in 
profile  convex,  somewhat  prominent  below  middle,  with  four 
to  six  rather  stout  bristles  each  side.  Cheeks  not  as  broad  as 
third  antennal  segment.  Arista  with  seven  to  nine  hairs. 

Antesutural  dorsocentral  strong  and  well  separated  from 
postsutural  pair,  with  intermediate  setula.  Abdomen  ovate  with 
third  to  fifth  segments  subequal  in  length;  the  fifth  triangular, 
acute  apically.  Hind  femora  of  male  stout  and  slightly  arcuate ; 
their  tibiae  with  a  conspicuous  foliaceous  flexor  dilation. 
Length.  2.2  to  2.5  mm. 

T\pc. — Male;  Sandusky,  Cedar  Point,  OHIO,  August  4, 
1902,  [Ohio  State  University].  Paralyses— 19  $  ,  289  ;  topo- 
typical. 

Hydrellia  decens  new  species. 

In  lacking  the  reclinate  frontal  bristles,  this  species  suggests 
prodinata,  Cresson,  but  here  we  have  a  very  shining,  metallic 

colored  form. 

Black  including  antennae  and  palpi ;  halteres  yellowish  white. 
Shining  to  polished,  metallic  colored;  mesonotum  including 
humeri,  and  notopleura,  dark  ;  upper  part  of  pleura  and  metan- 
otum  brownish.  Frons  and  upper  occiput  subopaque,  frontalia 
opaque  black;  reclinate  frontal  bristles  not  developed;  lunule 
gray.  Face  rather  narrow  with  parallel  facialia,  opaque  brown- 
ish to  black,  grayish  laterally;  in  profile,  weakly  convex;  bristles 
hairlike.  Arista  with  about  ten  hairs.  Antesutural  dorsocen- 
trals  strong  and  well  removed  from  the  postsutural  pair. 
Length,  2.3  mm. 

T\pc. — Female;  MARYLAND  near  Plummers  Island,  August 
12,  "1914,  (R.  C.  Shannon),  [U.S.N.M.,  no.  4.U55J.  I\mi- 
types. —  1  9  ;  topotypical.  1  9  ;  Plummers  Island.  Maryland, 
July  13,  (\V.  L.  McAtee),  [Biol.  Surv.J. 

The  male  sex  is  unknown. 


108  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

Hydrellia  pulla  new  species. 

A  robust,  strongly  bristled  species,  with  prominent  subconi- 
cal  face.  Its  systematic  position  is  rather  doubtful,  but  can  be 
placed  in  the  group  with  atroglaucu. 

Black ;  palpi  tawny,  halteres  lemon-yellow.  Upper  surfaces 
brown,  nearly  opaque ;  face,  occiput,  pleura  below,  bluish  gray ; 
humeri  notopleura  and  upper  part  of  mesopleura  dark.  Frons 
opaque  black  with  scarcely  differentiated  black  f rontalia ;  re- 
clinate  frontals  strong ;  lunule  small,  concolorous  with  face. 
Face  in  profile  conically  prominent  medianly,  with  four  to  five 
stout  bristles.  Arista  with  seven  hairs.  Antesutural  dorsocen- 
trals  strong  and  well  removed  from  sutural  region.  Length,  3 
mm. 

T\pe. — Female ;  Spencer  lake,  NEW  YORK,  June  30,  1907, 
[Cornell].  Paratypc. — 19  ;  Goshen.  CONNECTICUT,  July  6, 
1919,  (M.  P.  Zappa),  [Boston]. 

The  male  sex  is  unknown. 

Hydrellia  notiphiloides  new  species. 

A  species  allied  to  cm  rails  Coq.  but  having  the  tibiae  dark. 

Black ;  palpi  and  hateres  pale  yellow.  Opaque ;  mesonotum, 
scutellum  and  abdomen  somewhat  shining,  brown  to  grayish 
pruinose  ;  lunule,  face,  cheeks,  white,  sometimes  yellowish ;  oc- 
ciput, pleura,  lateral  margins  of  abdomen  venter,  and  femora, 
cinereous ;  humeri  gray  concolorous  with  pleura,  contrasting 
with  the  dark  notopleura  and  mesonotum.  Frons  brownish, 
with  frontalia  somewhat  differentiated,  blackish ;  reclinate 
frontal  bristle  strong.  Face  broad,  in  profile,  convex,  with 
three  to  five  stout  bristles.  Cheeks  broad,  about  one-third  eye- 
height  in  width.  Antennal  arista  with  six  hairs.  Mesonotal 
bristles  and  setulae  strong;  antesutural  dorsocentrals  strong  and 
well  removed  from  postsutural  pair.  Abdomen  with  segments 
broad,  subsequal  in  length:  fifth  of  male  convex,  acute.  Length, 
2  to  2.5  mm. 

Type. — Male;  Cedar  Point,  Sandusky,  OHIO,  August  5,  1902, 
[Ohio  State  University].  Paralyses. — \$,  59  ;  topotypical 
\$  ;  topotypical,  June  30,  \$  ;  Xantucket,  MASSACHUSETTS. 
July  20,  1910,  I  Moslem  Soc.  Nat.  I  list. J. 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  109 

Notes  on  Some  Butterflies  of  Northeastern  Georgia. 

By  ROBERT  \Y.  MONTGOMERY,  Poseyville,  Indiana. 

During  the  summer  of  1930  collecting  was  done  in  Haber- 
sham  and  Banks  counties.  Georgia.  These  two  counties  are  in 
the  edge  of  Blue  Ridge  Mountains;  collecting  was  done  at 
elevations  varying  from  1400  to  1800  feet. 

Many  types  of  localities,  including  peach  and  apple  orchards, 
shrill)  covered  pastures,  marshes,  woodlands,  roadsides  and 
flower  gardens  were  visited.  But  one  species  was  found  in 
woods  and  that  near  the  edge.  The  absence  of  flowering  vege- 
tation in  the  woods  was  no  doubt  the  reason  for  this. 

The  writer  was  accompanied  on  collecting  trips  by  II.  T. 
Vanderford  and  Erskine  M.  Livingstone. 

PAPILIONIDAE. 

1.  PAPILIO  PHILENOR   L.     Taken    from   all   localities  except 
woodlands,  June  26-September  7.     The  emergence  of  a  brood 
began  about  August  8. 

2.  PAPILIO  POLYXEXES   Fab.     A  very   few   specimens   from 
orchards  and  flower  gardens,  August   12-30. 

3.  PAPILIO  TURNUS  L.     A  few  specimens  taken  at  intervals 
from   June   30-September    1.      Flower   gardens   and    orchards. 
Form    (jlanciis   L.    from   flower  gardens   and   marsh.   June   25, 
September  1. 

4.  PAPILIO  TROILUS  L.     Marsh,  orchards  and  flower  gardens, 
July  13-September  7. 

PIERIDAE. 

5.  PIERIS    PROTODICE    Bdv.-Lec.      A    few    specimens    from 
flowers,   August  24-30. 

6.  PIERIS  RAPAE  L.     Flower  and  vegetable  gardens,  May  26- 
August  30. 

7.  CATOPSILIA  EUBULE  L.     One  specimen  from  flower  gar- 
den, August  25;  one  specimen  from  marsh,  September   1. 

8.  COLIAS  EPRYTHEME  Bdv.     Two  specimens  from  pasture, 
June  21,  September  7. 

9.  TERIAS  NICIPPE  Cram.     A  single  specimen  from  pasture, 
August  24. 

10.  TERIAS  USA   I'dv.     Captured  in  all  localities  visited,  July 
21 -September  7. 

DANAIDAE. 

11.  DANAIS    PLEXIIMTS    Fab.      Pastures,    marshes    and    or- 
chards, August  24- September  7. 


110  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

SATYRIDAE. 

12.  NEONYMPHA  GEMMA  Hbn.     Five  specimens  from  an  or- 
chard, June  16.     This  was  an  old  orchard  and  afforded  a  dense 
shade.     One  specimen  from  marsh  at  border  of  dense  woods, 
August  28. 

13.  CERCYONIS  ALOPE  Fab.     A  single  specimen  from  an  or- 
chard, August  25.     When  first  observed  it  was  resting  on  the 
top  of  an  Oriental  Fruit  Moth  bait  trap. 

NYMPHALIDAE. 

14.  DIONE  VANILLAE   L.      Taken    from   all   localities   except 
woodlands.  August   12-September   18.     A  newly  emerged  male 
taken    September    16. 

15.  EUPTOIETA   CLAUDIA   Cram.     Pastures,  orchards,  flower 
gardens,  and  roadsides,  July  12-September  7. 

16.  ARGYNNIS  DIANA  Cram.     A  single  specimen  captured  on 
street  in  Cornelia,  July   10. 

17.  ARGYNNIS  CYBELE  Fab.     Two  specimens  from  orchards, 
July  23,  Aug.  10. 

18.  PHYCIODES  THAROS  Drury.      Pastures,   orchards,   flower 
gardens  and  roadsides,  May  26-September  1. 

19.  CYNTHIA    IIUNTERA   Fab.      One   specimen   from  an  or- 
chard, August  12;  one  from  a  marsh,  September  1. 

20.  CYNTHIA  CARDUI  L.     One  specimen  from  roadside,  Julv 
27. 

21.  JUNONIA  COENIA  Hbn.     Taken  from  all  localities  except 
woodlands,  July  27-September  1. 

22.  BASILARCHIA  ASTYANAX  Fab.    Three  specimens,  all  from 
orchards,  July  27.  August  24. 

LYCAENIDAE. 

23.  STRYMON  CECROPS  Fab.     One  specimen  from  marsh  at 
edge  of   woods,   August  24. 

24.  STRYMON    MELINUS   Hbn.     One  specimen   from   an  or- 
chard, July  27. 

25.  LYCAENA   HYPOPHLEAS   Bdv.     A   single  specimen  taken 
from  a  marsh,  August  24. 

26.  EVERES  COMYNTAS  Goclt.     Pastures,  marshes  and  road- 
sides, June  17- September  17. 

27.  GLAUCOPSYCHE  PSEUDARGIOLUS  Bdv. -Lee.  Marsh,  road- 
side. August  24. 

HESPERIDAE. 

28.  EPARGYREUS  TITYRUS  Fab.     May  10-September  1. 

29.  ACHLARUS  LYCIADES  Gey.     July   10,   September  7. 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  111 

30.  TIIORYBES  PYLADES  Scud.     July  21-August  29. 

31.  THORYBES  BATHYLLUS   S.   &   A.     July  27-September  7. 

32.  HESPERIA  CENTAUREAE  Kami).     September   1. 

33.  HESPERIA  TESSELATA  Scud.     August  24. 

34.  PHOLISORA  CATULLUS  Fab.    August  26. 

35.  ANCYLOXIPHA  MCMITOR  Fab.     September  7. 

36.  HYLEPHILA  CAMPESTKIS  1'dv.     August  24,  September  7. 

37.  AMBLYSCIRTES  YIAUS  Kdw.     July  27. 


Papilio   daunus   Boisd.   in   Scott   County,    Kansas    (Lepid.: 

Papilionidae). 

The  occurrence  of  tbis  magnificent  species  of  the  genus 
Papilio  here  on  the  western  Kansas  prairie  is  very  interesting, 
geographically.  From  available  data  concerning  the  species 
daunus,  it  appears  to  be  a  typical  mountain  species,  or  at  most, 
confined  to  the  valleys  and  slopes  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 
ranges,  extending  from  Idaho  southward  into  Mexico. 

For  the  past  few  years,  I  have  usually  encountered  d aim  us 
on  my  collecting  rounds,  and  have  taken  a  few  each  year.  It 
does  not  occur  in  sufficient  numbers,  however,  to  call  it  a  com- 
mon insect  in  this  locality.  When  on  the  wing,  it  is  apt  to  be 
confused  with  specimens  of  (jlancns;  as  a  rule,  however,  glaucus 
specimens  are  much  smaller  than  daunus  and  the  larger  size 
of  daunus  may  serve  to  distinguish  between  the  two  when  fly- 
ing, as  they  often  fly  in  company  with  each  other.  The  insect, 
as  encountered  in  this  region,  has  a  very  wide  wing  expanse 
for  summer  examples,  the  females  measuring  four  and  a  half 
to  five  inches,  the  males  being  a  trifle  smaller. 

A  fact  concerning  Papilio  daunus  not  usually  known,  and 
not  mentioned  in  any  reference  books,  is  that  it  is  double- 
brooded  in  its  more  southern  limits,  the  first  brood  emerging 
from  over-wintering  chrysalids  and  appearing  during  the  latter 
part  of  the  month  of  April  and  the  first  of  May;  the  second, 
or  summer  brood,  produced  from  the  eggs  laid  by  the  females 
of  the  first  generation,  and  appearing  in  June  and  July,  and 
even  August.  The  specimens  of  the  first  brood  are  quite  small 
and  ordinary  looking,  measuring  from  three  to  three  and  a  half 
inches  as  compared  with  the  giants  of  June,  and  later,  that 
measure  four  inches  and  more. 

It  would  seem  that  daitiius  in  its  more  northern  ranges  is 
single-brooded,  and  that  it  has  been  almost  entirely  the  sum- 
mer examples,  according  to  their  size,  that  have  found  their 
way  into  collections  and  illustrations. 

VIRGIL  F.  CALKINS,  Scott  City,  Kansas. 


112  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

Abnormal  Antenna  in  Eleodes 
(Coleop.:  Tenebrionidae). 

By   ORLANDO    PARK,    Department   of    Zoology,    University   of 

Illinois. 

Among  a  number  of  tenebrionids  received  some  months  ago 
from  New  Mexico,  a  female  of  Elcodcs  carbonaria  (Say)  was 
observed  to  have  an  abnormal  right  antenna.  The  distal  border 
of  the  fifth  segment  was  distorted.  From  this  area  of  the 
segment  arose  an  accessory  structure  one  millimeter  long,  which 
bore  several  bristle-bearing  punctures.  This  palp-like  piece 
projected  distally  and  ended  in  a  thickened  knob  which  was 
distinctly  notched  on  its  apex.  Near  the  point  where  the  piece 
turned  distally,  a  small  projection  was  given  off  which  extended 
proximally,  as  can  be  noted  in  the  accompanying  figure.  This 
accessory  piece  of  the  fifth  segment  did  not  show  articulating 
surfaces  under  a  magnification  of  forty  diameters. 


An  articulating  surface  could  not  be  discerned  between  the 
malformed  fifth  and  the  sixth  segments  of  the  right  antenna, 
the  latter  being  firmly  set  into  the  fifth  in  such  a  way  that 
antennal  movement  must  have  been  peculiar  in  life. 

The  left  antenna  of  this  individual  was  normal,  normality 
being  determined  by  comparison  with  antennae  of  other  indi- 
viduals of  the  species  (12$  ?,  9$  $  )  taken  from  the  same 
area  over  a  period  of  five  years. 

Finally,  the  left  mesothoracic  femur  of  the  specimen  being 
described  had  been  diagonally  fractured  at  some  time,  and  the 
fracture  had  subsequently  healed  over  to  form  a  femur  con- 
spicuously bent  and  irregular. 

Bateson  ('94)  listed  six  cases  of  paired  supernumerary  an- 
tennae (pp.  522-523),  and  seven  cases  of  supposedly  double 
antennae  (p.  551)  in  heteromerous  beetles,  these  abnormalities 
being  reported  by  a  number  of  workers.  The  malformed 
Elcodcs  described  above,  however,  is  not  easily  treated.  In  a 
previous  note  (Park,  '28)  literature  was  cited  on  the  possible 
effect  of  injury  and  this  abnormality  might  be  the  result  of  one 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  113 

of  many  feasible  accidents.  If  so,  the  right  antenna  may  or 
may  not  have  been  injured  at  the  same  time  as  the  left  middle 
leg.  Again,  the  fifth  segment  might  not  have  been  injured,  and 
the  accessory  structure  noted  may  represent  a  duplicating  right 
antenna  in  an  undeveloped  condition.  Finally,  the  knob-like 
proximal  projection  may  be  significant,  in  that  the  litth  segment 
may  have  shown  an  abortive  tendency  to  form  a  pair  of  super- 
numerary antennae.  However,  this  latter  is  hardly  tenable  in 
view  of  the  unjointed  and  rudimentary  condition  of  the  mal- 
formation. 

T  am  indebted  to  Mr.  William  J.  Gerhard  and  to  MY.  F.mil 
Liljeblad  of  the  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  for  the 
determination  of  this  interesting  specimen.  The  latter  was 
taken  beneath  a  loose  board  on  the  ground,  at  Las  Cruces.  New 
Mexico,  by  Mr.  R.  S.  Campbell  on  July  21,  1929,  and  is  now 
in  the  collection  of  the  writer. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

BATESON,  WILLIAM,  1894.  Materials  for  the  study  of  varia- 
tion. London :  Macmillan  and  Co.,  xvi  -(-  598  pp. 

PARK,  ORLANDO.  1928.  Bifurcation  of  antenna  in  Balaninus. 
Ent.  News,  39:  219-220. 


Dixie  Dragonflies  Collected  during  the  Summer  of 

1930  (Odonata). 

By  C.  FRANCIS  BYERS.  Dept.  of  Biology,  University  of  Florida. 

During  the  summer  of  1930  the  Museum  of  Zoology  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  financed  a  collecting  trip  for  insects 
into  the  southeastern  portion  of  the  United  States.  The  author, 
from  the  University  of  Florida,  and  Mr.  Herman  Spieth.  from 
the  University  of  Indiana,  plus  a  model-T  Ford,  plus  the  field 
man's  usual  outlay  of  paraphernalia,  constituted  the  expedition. 

The  start  was  made  from  Gainesville,  Florida,  at  noon  on 
June  19th.  Camp  was  established  that  night  at  McClenny. 
Florida,  near  the  banks  of  the  St.  Marys  River.  As  the  primary 
aim  of  the  collectors  was  to  secure  specimens  of  the  insect 
orders  Odonata  (dragon-flies)  and  I^hcuicnda  ('may-flies), 
the  selection  of  camp  and  collecting  sights  was  restricted  to 
regions  near  bodies  of  water,  mostly  on  this  trip,  to  rivers. 
The  following  table  will  give  the  reader  an  idea  of  the  region 
covered  with  dates,  localities  visited,  etc. 


114 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Apr.,  '31 


TABLE. 

Date 

State 

County 

Locality 

June 

19-20 

Florida 

Baker 

McClenny 

it 

22 

Georgia 

Glynn 

Everett   City 

tt 

22-23 

Wayne 

Jesup 

it 

24-25 

Laurens 

Dublin 

tt 

25 

Wilkinson 

Irwinton 

11 

25 

ti 

Milledgeville 

it 

26 

Tefferson 

Louisville 

tt 

26-27 

Burke 

Keysville 

It 

28 

Johnson 

tt 

It 

29 

S.   Carolina 

Greenwood 

Ware  Shoals 

tt 

30 

it 

Newberry 

Chappells 

July 

1 

N.   Carolina 

Mecklenburg 

Pineville 

it 

2-3 

Wilkes 

N.   Wilkesboro 

it 

4 

Ashe 

W.  Jefferson 

tt 

4 

Caldwell 

Lenoir 

tt 

5-6 

McDowell 

Marion 

it 

8-9 

Swain 

Bryson   City 

t 

10-11 

Macon 

Highlands 

( 

13 

Georgia 

Floyd 

Rome 

4 

19-23 

Florida 

Alachua 

Gainesville 

t 

19 

« 

Liberty 

Rock  Bluff 

t 

23-24 

Georgia 

Dooly 

Vienna 

it 

24 

tt 

Spalding 

Griffin 

it 

25 

a 

Gwinnett 

Lawrenceville 

tt 

27-28 

N.  Carolina 

Cherokee 

Murphy 

tt 

30-31 

it 

Swain 

Bryson  City 

Aug. 

1-9 

tt 

tt 

region 

tt 

9 

Tennessee 

Sevier 

Sevierville 

tt 

10 

it 

tt 

Gatlingburg 

tt 

11 

a 

tt 

Elkmont 

River  System  or 
Lakes 

St.   Marys 
Altaniaha 

tt 

Oconee 
tt 

Black  Lake 

Ogechee 

Savannah 

ti 

Saluda 

it 

Catawba 
Yadkin 
New  River 

Catawba  R. 
L.  Tahoma 
Tuskasegee 

Coosa 

Apalachicola 
Flint 

it 

Yellow 

L.  Tennessee 

Tuskasegee 

Great  Smoky 

drainage 


The  following  is  the  list  of  species  of  dragon-flies  collected 
in  the  states  of  Florida,  Georgia,  South  Carolina.  North  Car- 
olina and  Tennessee  during  the  summer  of  1930  (June  19- 
August  11).  The  number  in  parenthesis  indicates  the  numher 
of  specimens  taken  of  that  species  which  it  follows.  Only  the 
names  of  the  counties  and  states  are  given.  For  additional 
information  see  the  table  of  localities.  The  total  list  numbers 
about  500  specimens,  33  genera  and  72  species. 

List  of  Species. 

SUBORDER  ANISOPTERA. 

SUBFAMILY  GOMPHINAE. 

1.  PROGOMPHUS  OBSCURUS   (Rambur) — (9)  Johnson,  Wayne 

—Georgia. 

2.  HAGENIUS     BREVISTYLUS     Selys — (1)     McDowell — North 
Carolina. 

3.  GOMPHUS   SCUDDERI    Selys — (1)    Swain — North   Carolina, 

4.  G.  SPINICEPS   (Walsh)  —  (3)    Swain — North  Carolina. 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  115 

5.  G.  PLAGIATUS  Selys — (1)   Floyd — Georgia. 

6.  G.  sp? — (2)    Floyd — Georgia. 

---'7.  DROMOGOMPHUS  AKMATTS  Selys — (2)    I.urkc     <  Inn-gin. 
8.   D.    SPINOSUS    Selys — (11)     Floyd,    Laurens.    Wilkinson--- 

Georgia  ;  McDowell — North  Carolina. 

(>.  ERPETOGOMPHUS    DESIGNATUS    Hagen — (3)    Sevier — Ten- 
nessee. 

SUBFAMILY  AESCHNINAE. 

10.  BOYERTA  VINOSA    (Say)  —  (5)    Burke — Georgia;  Cherokiv. 

Swain — North   Carolina. 

"TT.  CORYPHAESCHNA    INGENS    (Rambur) — (2)    Baker,    Glynn 
—Georgia. 

12.  ANAX   JUNIUS    (Drury)  —  (6)    Macon,    McDowell— North 
Carolina. 

13.  A.  LONGIPES  Hagen — (1)   Macon — North  Carolina. 

14.  AESHNA  UMBROSA  Walker — (1)    Swain — North  Carolina. 

15.  NASIAESCHNA    PENTHACANTHA     (Rambur)  —  (2)     Glynn, 
Wayne — Georgia. 

16.  EPIAESCHNA    HEROS     (Fabricius) — (5)     Burke,    Glynn— 
Georgia. 

SUBFAMILY  CORDULIINAE. 

17.  MACROMIA    ALLEGHANIENSIS    Williamson — (2)    Cherokee, 
Swain — North    Carolina. 

18.  M.    GEORGINA    (Selys)  —  (16)    Alachua — Florida;    Green- 
wood— South   Carolina ;   Laurens — Georgia. 

19.  M.  ILLINOIENSIS  Walsh — (4)   Cherokee,  Swain — N.  Caro- 
lina ;  Sevier — Tennessee. 

20.  M.  TAENIOLATA  Rainbur — (8)   Burke,  Laurens,  Wayne- 
Georgia. 

21.  EPICORDULIA  REGINA  Selys — (2)   Laurens — Georgia. 

22.  TETRAGONEURIA       STELLA       Williamson — (1)       Wayne— 
Georgia. 

23.  SOMATOCHLORA    ELONGATA    Scudder — (1)    Macon — North 
Carolina. 

24.  S.  LINEARIS   (Hagen)  —  (8)   Burke,  Floyd — Georgia. 

Sl'I'.KA  M  ILY   LlBELLULINAE. 

25.  CELITHEMIS  AMANDA    (Hagen)  —  (2)    Baker — Florida. 

26.  C.   ELISA    (Hagen)  —  (1)    McDowell — North   Carolina. 

27.  PERITHEMIS    SEMINOLE    Calvert — (2)     Alachua — Florida; 
Wayne — Georgia. 

28.  P.     TENERA      (Say) — (10)      Burke.     Gwinnett — Georgia: 
Greenwood — S.  Carolina. 

29.  LIBELLULA  ATRIPKNMS  Burmcister — (5)   Baker — Florida; 
Glynn.   Jefferson — Georgia.  • 

30.  L.    AXILLENA    Westwood — (7)     Baker — Florida;    Glynn, 
Wayne — Georgia. 


116  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

31.  L.     CYANEA     Fabricius — (2)     Mecklenburg.     McDowell- 
North  Carolina. 

32.  L.  FLAVIDA  Rambur — (7)  Burke — Georgia;  Swain,  Wilkes 

—North  Carolina. 

33.  L.  INCESTA  Hagen — (10)    Baker — Florida;  Burke,  Dooly, 
Glynn,  Laurens,  Wayne — Georgia. 

4.  L.  LUCTUOSA  Burmeister — (3)   Mecklenburg,  McDowell- 
North  Carolina. 

35.  L.  LYDIA  Drury — (6)  Floyd,  Gwinnett,  Laurens — Georgia; 
Macon,  McDowell — North  Carolina. 

36.  L.  PULCHELLA  Drury — (2)  Mecklenburg — North  Carolina. 

37.  L.  SEMTFASCIATA   Burmeister — (1)    Glynn — Georgia. 

38.  L.    VIBRANS     Fabricius — (9)     Burke.     Glynn,     Laurens— 
Georgia  ;  Liberty — Florida. 

39.  SYMPETRUM    VICINUM    (Hagen)  —  (3)    McDowell — North 
Carolina. 

40.  ERYTHRODIPLAX     MINUSCULA     (Rambur)  —  (8)     Baker- 
Florida  ;     Jefferson,     Wayne — Georgia ;     Wilkinson,     Mc- 
Dowell— North  Carolina. 

41.  PACHYDIPLAX  LONGIPENNIS  (Burmeister)  —  (33)  Baker  - 
Florida ;  Burke,  Dooly.  Glynn,  Gwinnett — Georgia ;  Meck- 
lenburg,   McDowell,   Wilkes.    Wilkinson — North    Carolina. 

42.  ERYTHEMIS  SIMPLICICOLLIS   (Say)  —  (8)   Baker — Florida; 
Gwinnett,     Laurens — Georgia;     McDowell,     Wilkinson- 
North  Carolina. 

43.  TRAMEA  CAROLINA   (Linne)  —  (3)  Baker — Florida;  Glynn, 
Wayne — Georgia. 

44.  T.  LACERATA   Hagen — (2)    McDowell — North   Carolina. 

45.  PANTALA     FLAVESCENS     (Fabricius)  —  (1)     Greenwood- 
South  Carolina. 

46.  P.   HYMENAEA    (Say)  —  (1)    Greenwood — South   Carolina. 

SUBORDER  ZYGOPTERA. 
SUBFAMILY  AGRIONINAE. 

47.  AGRION    APICALE    (Burmeister)  —  (8)    Burke.    Gwinnett— 
Georgia;  McDowell — North  Carolina. 

48.  A.     DIMIDIATUM      (Burmeister)  —  (9)     Dooly,     Wayne- 
Georgia  ;  Liberty — Florida. 

49.  A.  MACULATUM  Beauvais — (33)   Liberty — Florida;  Dooly. 
Jefferson,  Wayne — Georgia  ;  Greenwood — South  Carolina ; 
Ashe,  Cherokee,   Macon,  Mecklenburg,   McDowell,  Swain, 
Wilkes.  Wilkinson — North  Carolina. 

50.  HETAERINA    AMERICANA    (Fabricius)  —  (7)     Sevier — Ten- 
nessee ;  Swain — North  Carolina. 

51.  H.  TITIA  (Drury)  —  (2)  Floyd — Georgia. 

SUBFAMILY  LESTINAE. 

52.  LESTES  FORCIPATUS  Rambur — (1)  Macon — North  Carolina. 

53.  L.  RECTANGULARIS  Say --(3)  Macon,  McDowell -- North 
Carolina. 


xlH,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  117 

SUBFAMILY  COENAGRIONINAE. 

54.  ARGIA     APICALIS      (Say)  —  (38)      Burke,     Dooly,     Floyd, 
Laurens — Georgia  ;    Greenwood,    Newberry — South    Caro- 
lina ;    Caldwell,    Cherokee,    McDowell.    Swain,    Wilkes— 
North  Carolina ;   Sevier — Tennessee. 

55.  A.     BIPUNCTULATA      (Hagen )  -  -  ( 16)      Baker -- Florida ; 
Greenwood— South  Carolina  ;  Jefferson — Georgia. 

56.  A.     MOESTA     PUTRIDA     (Hagen)  —  (10)     Baker — Florida; 
Dooly,   Gwinnett — Georgia  ;   Greenwood — South   Carolina ; 
Swain — North  Carolina. 

57.  A.     FUMIPENNIS      (Burmeister)  —  (12)      Baker — Florida: 
Dooly,    Gwinnett — Georgia  ;   Wilkeshoro — North    Carolina. 

58.  A.     SEDULA      (Hagen)  —  (4)      Greenwood — S.     Carolina; 
Mecklenburg,  McDowell — North  Carolina. 

,59.  A.  TIBIALIS  (Rambur)  —  (40)  Baker,  Liberty — Florida; 
Burke,  Dooly,  Floyd,  Jefferson,  Laurens — Georgia ;  Green- 
wood— South  Carolina ;  Cherokee,  Mecklenburg.  Wayne, 
Wilkinson — North  Carolina. 

60.  A.    TRANSLATA    (Hagen)  —  (10)    Cherokee — North    Caro- 
lina; Sevier — -Tennessee. 

61.  A.    VIOLACEA    (Hagen)  —  (19)    McDowell,    Swain — North 
Carolina. 

^62.  AMPHIAGRION  SAUCIUM  (Burmeister)  —  (1)  Ashe — North 
Carolina. 

63.  CHROMAGRION    CONDITUM    (Hagen)  —  (2)    Macon — North 
Carolina. 

64.  ISCHNURA      POSITA       (Hagen)  —  (12)       Dooly — Georgia; 
Mecklenburg,     McDowell,     Swain.     Wilkes,     Wilkinson- 
North  Carolina. 

65.  I.  VERTICALIS    (Say) — (7)    Burke — Georgia;   Macon,   Mc- 
Dowell— North  Carolina. 

66.  ANOMALAGRION      HASTATUM       (Say)  —  (5)      Gwinnett— 

—Georgia ;    Macon,    McDowell,    Wilkinson — North    Caro- 
lina. 

67.  ENALLAGMA     ASPERSUM      (Hagen)  —  (2)      Macon — North 
Carolina. 

68.  E.  DAECKII  (Calvert)  —  (9)  Wilkinson — North  Carolina. 

69.  E.  DOUBLEDAYI   Selys — (3)    Dooly — Georgia;   McDowell- 
North  Carolina. 

70.  E.  DURUM   (Hagen)  —  (1)   Baker — Florida. 

71.  E.     HAGENI     (Walsh)  — (15)     Macon,    Wilkinson— North 
Carolina. 

72.  E.     SIGNATUM     (Ilagen)  —  (2)     Laurens — Georgia;     Mc- 
Dowell— North  Carolina. 


118  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

Because  of  the  great  amount  of  territory  covered  and  the 
comparatively  short  time  devoted  to  collecting,  the  results  of 
the  trip  are  mainly  of  survey  value.  The  collection  is  quali- 
tative rather  than  quantitative.  The  ratio  of  the  number  of 
species  taken  to  the  number  of  specimens  is  large. 

While  the  primary  objective  of  the  expedition  was  the  secur- 
ing of  specimens  as  indicated,  much  valuable  information  re- 
garding geographic  distribution  and  habits  of  the  insects  under 
observation  was  amassed. 

The  region  collected  over  seems  to  have  three  more  or  less 
distinct  geographic  areas  based  upon  the  distribution  of  the 
dragonfly  fauna.  These  are :  ( 1 )  North  Florida  and  southern 
Georgia,  (Alachua,  Baker,  Glynn,  Liberty  and  Wayne  Coun- 
ties). Central  Georgia  and  southern  South  Carolina,  (Burke, 
Dooly,  Greenwood,  Gwinnett,  Jefferson,  Johnson,  Laurens, 
Newberry,  Spalding  and  Wilkinson  Counties).  (3)  North 
Georgia,  North  Carolina,  eastern  Tennessee,  (Ashe,  Caldwell. 
Cherokee,  Floyd,  Macon,  Mecklenburg,  McDowell,  Sevier, 
Swain,  Wilkes  Counties). 

The  fauna  of  the  North  Carolina  area  was  markedly  different 
in  many  respects  from  that  of  the  two  regions  further  south. 
Also  within  this  area  there  seems  to  be  a  secondary  one  which 
could  be  included  in  a  circle  drawn  around  Floyd  Co.,  Ga., 
Sevier  Co.,  Tenn.,  and  Cherokee,  Macon,  and  Swain  Counties, 
N.  C. 

Some  interesting  observations  on  the  species  collected  may 
lie  noted.  Macromla  georgina  and  M.  taeniolata  were  flying 
together  at  Dublin  (Laurens  Co.)  Ga.  At  Everett  City  (Glynn 
Co.)  Ga.,  we  found  Coryphaesckna,  Nasiaeschna  and  Epi- 
aeschna  together,  and  in  addition  five  species  of  Libcllitla.  As 
the  habitat  here  was  a  broad  road-side  drainage  ditch,  skirting 
a  hammock,  the  prolific  dragon-fly  fauna  was  the  more  remark- 
able. Along  the  Saluda  river  below  Ware  Shoals  (Greenwood 
Co.)  S.  C.  both  North  American  specie-*  of  Pantala  were 
found. 

The  specimen  of  Somatachlora  clougata,  a  typically  northern 
species,  was  collected  at  Highlands  (Macon  Co.),  N.  C..  at  an 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  119 

altitude  of  4300  ft.  Its  presence  here  was  probably  due  to  the 
elevation  effect  on  temperature. 

The  capture  of  two  specimens  of  Dromogomphus  armatus 
came  as  a  surprise,  as  little  has  been  heard  from  this  species 
since  it  was  described  by  Selys  in  1854. 

The  Gomphines  of  the  North  Carolina  secondary  area  are  of 
peculiar  interest,  several  of  them  being  undescribed  species  in 
all  probability. 

As  mentioned  before  the  collection  is  essentially  fluviatile. 
Consequently  the  best  represented  of  the  genera  is  the  genus 
Argia.  There  were  149  specimens  (roughly  30%  of  the  collec- 
tion) and  all  of  the  eastern  North  American  species  (8)  taken 
in  this  group.  Contrariwise  the  genera  Enallagma  and  Ischnura 
suffered  from  confining  our  attention  to  rivers. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA   S.   MACKEY   UNDER  THE   SUPERVISION   OF 

E.   T.   CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  I  ]  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in  the  January  and  June 
numbers  (or  which  may  be  secured  from  the  publisher  of  Entomological 
News  for  lOc),  in  which  the  paper  appeared.  The  number  of,  or  annual 
volume,  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  ) 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

•Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
Indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

U^?  Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers    published    In   the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— (Review  of  Howard's 
History  of  Applied  Entomology].  |68|  73:186-188.  Emer- 
ton,  J.  H— Obituary.  By  N.  Banks.  |4|  63/  23-24.  Hart- 
zell,  F.  Z. — Ecotopographic  maps:  their  use  in  entomology 

and  notes  on  making.  |  12|  24:  151-157,  ill.  Hayward,  K.  j. 
—Some  further  notes  on  insect  migration  in  Argentina.  |('| 
64:  40-41.  Hoffman,  A. —  Entomologen-Adressbuch.  An- 
nnaire  des  entomologistes  Kntomol<  gist's  directory.  Auf. 
III.  \Yien  1930,  357  pp.  Omer-Cooper,  J. — Species-pairs 


120  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

among  insects.  [31]  127:  237.  Osborn,  H. — Bibliography 
of  Ohio  zoology.  [Ohio  Biol.  Surv.,  Bull.]  23:  353-410. 
Zwolfer,  W. — Zur  theorie  der  insektenepidemien.  [97]  50: 
724-759. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Bonnet,  P.— La 
nine,  1'autotomie  et  la  regeneration  chez  les  Araignees,  avec 
nne  etude  des  Dolomedes  d'Europe.  [Bull.  Soc.  Hist.  Nat., 
Toulouse]  59:  237-700,  ill.  Clark,  L.  B— Some  factors  in- 
volved in  the  reaction  of  insects  to  changes  in  luminous  in- 
tensity. [Jour.  Exp.  Zool.]  58:  31-42,  ill.  de  Boissezon,  P.— 
Contribution  a  1'etude  de  la  biologic  et  de  1'histophysiologie 
de  Culex  pipiens.  [Arch.  Zool.  Exp.  et  Gen.,  Paris]  70:  281- 
431,  ill.  Gorter,  F.  J. — Kocherbauversuche  an  trichopter- 
enlarven.  [46]  20:  443-532.  Mukerji,  D. — On  the  respira- 
tory system  of  the  Cybister  larva.  [Arch.  Zool.  Exp.  et 
Gen.,  Paris]  70:  433-467,  ill.  Nowikoff,  M.— Untersuch- 
ungen  iiber  die  komplexaugen  von  lepidopteren  nebst 
einigen  bemerkungen  iiber  die  rhabdome  der  Arthropoden 
im  allgemeinen.  [94]  138:  1-67,  ill.  Prell,  H.— Anopheles 
und  die  Malaria.  [Plugs.  Deut.  Ges.  angew.  Ent.]  9:  61  pp., 
ill.  Valentine,  J.  M. — The  olfactory  sense  of  the  adult  meal 
worm  beetle  Tenebrio  molitor.  [Jour.  Exp.  Zool.]  58:  165- 
228.  ill.  Zernoff,  V. — L'immunite  et  les  anticorps  non  speci- 
fiques  chez  les  insectes  (Chenilles  de  Galleria  mellionella). 
[77]  96:  151-153. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— *Bryant,  E.  B.- 

A  revision  of  the  American  species  of  the  genus  Ozyptila. 
[5]  37:  375-391,  ill.  *Mello-Leitao.  --  Aphantochilidas  e 
Thomisidas  do  Brasil.  [Arch.  Alus.  Nac.,  Rio  de  Janeiro] 
31:  9-13. 

THE    SMALLER    ORDERS    OF    INSECTS.— Brues, 

C.  T.— Jewelled  caddis- worm  cases.  |5]  37:  392-394. 
*Longinos  Navas,  R.  P. — Insectos  de  la  Argentina.  [Rev. 
Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  125-132,  ill.  *Moulton  &  Stein- 
weden. — A  new  Taeniothrips  on  gladiolus.  14]  63:  20-21, 
ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Rosas  Costa,  J.  A.— Notas  sobre  tres 
ortopteros  anomalos.  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  67-70 
ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— Baker,  A.  D.— A  study  of  the  male  gen- 
italia  of  Canadian  species  of  Pentatomidae.  [Canadian  jour. 
Res.  |  4:  148-179,  ill.,  cont.  :!:deLong,  D.  M.— A  revision 
of  the  AnuTican  species  of  Empoasca  known  to  occur 
north  of  Mexico.  |  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Tech.  Bull.  231:  60 
pp.,  ill.  Ekblom,  T. — Morphological  and  biological  studies 
of  the  Swedish  families  of  Hemiptera-Heteroptera.  [Zool. 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  121 

Bidr.  Upsal.]  12:  113-150,  ill.  *Hungerford,  H.  E.—A  new 
Velia  from  Trinidad  ( Veliidae).  [75]  7:  172-175,  ill.  *Melin, 
D. — Hemiptera  from  South  and  Central  America.  [Zool. 
Bidr.  Upsal.]  12:  151-198,  ill.  *Metcalf  &  Bruner.— Cuban 
Fulgorina.  The  families  Tropiduchidae  and  Acanaloniidae. 
[5]  37:  395-424,  ill.  Zweigelt,  F— Blattlausgallen.  Histo- 
genetische  und  biologische  studien  an  Tetraneura-und  Schi- 
zoneuragallen.  [Monograph,  angew.  Ent.]  11:  684  pp.,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bourquin,  F.— Algunas  observaci- 
ones  sobre  Castniidae.  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  173- 
174,  ill.  (S).  *Breyer,  A. — Lepidopteros  nuevos  para  la 
Rep.  Argentina.  Lepidopteros  de  Yacanto  especies  nuevas, 
raras  y  comunes.  (S).  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  151- 
152,  ifl;  169-172,  ill.  *Brown,  F.  M.— A  revision  of  the 
genus  Aphrissa.  (S).  [40]  454:  14  pp.,  ill.  Cook,  W.  C.- 
An  ecologically  annotated  list  of  the  Phalaenidae  of  Mon- 
tana. [4]  63:  1-9.  cont.  *Draudt,  M. — Neue  Amatiden  cles 
amerikanischen  faunengebietes.  [17]  48:  33-36,  cont.  (S). 
*Jorgensen,  P. — Las  especies  de  Castniidae  de  la  Argentina 
y  Paraguay.  |  Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  175-180,  ill. 
*K6hler,  P. — Un  nuevo  Saturnido  argentine,  Mesoleuca 
hruchi  sp.  n.  |  Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  149-150,  ill. 
Kohler,  P. — Los  Dioptidae  argentinos.  Notas  biologicas 
acerca  de  Ctenucha  vittigera  lativitta.  [  Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Ar- 
gentina] 3:  153-162,  ill;  167-168,  ill.  Martin  &  Ingham.- 
An  annotated  list  of  the  diurnal  lepidoptera  of  Huntington 
Lake  Region,  Fresno  County,  California.  [38]  29:  115-134, 
ill.  Nosswitz,  F. — Xota  sobre  Epistor  lugubris.  Un  Mor- 
pho  ginandromorfo.  |  Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  163; 
165-166.  ill.  *Riley,  N.  D.— A  new  Ithomiine.  [9]  64:  35 
(S).  Schwanwitsch,  B.  N. — Studies  upon  the  wing-pattern 
of  Prepona  and  Agrias  two  genera  of  South-American 
nymphalid  butterflies.  [Acta  Zool.,  Stockholm]  11  :  289-424. 
ill. 

DIPTERA.— *Bequaert,  J.— The  genus  Lasia  (Cyrtidae) 
in  Xorth  America,  with  descriptions  of  two  new  species. 
[40]  455:  11  pp.,  ill.  Bequaert,  J. — Notes  on  Hippobos- 
cidae.  2.  The  sub-family  Hippoboscinae.  |5|  37:  303-326. 
Curran,  C.  H. — First  supplement  to  the  "Diptera  of  Porto 
Rico  and  the  Virgin  Islands."  1 40 1  456:  23  pp.,  ill.  Dunn, 
L.  H. —  Rearing  the  larvae  of  Dermatobia  hominis  in  man. 
[5  |  37:  327-342,  ill.  *Gemignani,  E.  V. —  Las  especies  ar- 
gentinas  del  genero  Mallophora  y  description  de  cuatro 
nuevas  especies.  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  133-144. 
Hegh,  E.— Les  Tse-Tses.  Tome  I.  Bruxelles  1929,  742  pp., 
ill.  :i:Lindner,  E. — Die  ausbeute  der  deutschcn  Chaco-Ex- 
])edition  1925-26.  Rhopalomeridae  und  Ortalididae.  (S) 
[56]  9:  282-284.  *Malloch,  J.  R.— Exotic  Muscaridae.  [75] 


122  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

7:    185-200.      Shannon,    R.    C. — The    environment    and    be- 
havior of  some  Brazilian  mosquitoes.    [10]   33:   1-27. 

COLEOPTERA.— *Borchmann,  F.— Alleculidae  y  Me- 
loiclae.  (S).  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  85-100,  ill. 
Brown,  W.  J. — Revision  of  the  North  American  Aegial- 
iinae.  [4]  63:  9-19,  ill.,  cont.  *Bruch,  C. — Histeridos  hues- 
pedes  de  Pheidole.  Coleopteros  nuevos  y  poco  conociclos. 
(S).  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  1-12,  ill.,  31-42,  ill. 
*Chapin,  E.  A. — A  new  Serica  from  New  Jersey.  [95]  44: 
5-6.  *de  Carlo,  J.  A. — Fatnilia  Belostomidae.  Generos  y 
especies  para  la  Argentina.  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3: 
101-124,  ill.  *Ogloblin,  A.  A.— Notes  on  Bethylidae  with 
the  description  of  two  new  species  from  Missiones.  [Rev. 
Soc.  Ent.,  Argentina]  3:  15-27,  ill.  Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der 
neotropischen  Halticinen  I.  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3: 
47-53,  ill.  *Pic,  M. — Deux  nouveaux  Heteromeres  de  la 
Republique  Argentine.  Nouveaux  Coleopteres  de  diverses 
families.  (Coleopteres  nouveaux  de  la  Republique  Argentine. 
[Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  29-30,  43-46,  55-56.  *Pic,  M. 
-Nouveautes  diverses.  (S).  [Mel.  Ex.  Ent.]  Ease.  55-56: 
36  pp.,  36  pp.  *Thery,  A. — Observations  sur  quelques 
Bnprestidae  du  genre  Halecia.  (S).  [33]  70:  289-304.  *Till- 
yard,  R.  J. — Kansas  permian  insects,  part  13.  The  new 
order  Protelytroptera,  with  a  discussion  of  its  relationships. 
[16]  21:  232-266,  ill.  Tremoleras,  J.— La  fecha  de  publi- 
cation de  los  Carabidos  descriptos  por  Brulle  en  el 
"Voyage"  de  D'Orbugny.  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3: 
147-148.  Ware,  R.  E.— Some  notes  on  collecting  Ceram- 
bycidae.  [Proc.  Iowa  Ac.  Aci.]  36:  367-369.  Zotta,  A.— Un 
ejemplar  topotipo  de  la  especie  argentina  del  genero  Camp- 
todontus.  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina]  3:  145-146. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bruch,  C.— Notas  preliminares 
acerca  de  Labauchena  daguerrei.  |  Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argen- 
tina] 3:  73-80,  ill.  (S).  *Carpenter,  F.  M.— The  lower 
permian  insects  of  Kansas,  Part  3.  The  protohymenoptera. 
[5]  37:  343-374,  ill.  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Some  notes  on 
bees  of  the  genus  Andrena.  |4|  63:  22-23.  *Dettmer,  H.— 
Beschreibung  von  ftinf  neuen  Cynipidenarten,  worunter 
eine  neue  gattvmg.  (S).  [Broteriaj  26:  54-68,  ill.  Dozier, 
H.  L. — A  new  scelionid  egg  parasite  of  the  black  widow 
spider.  |10|  33:  27-28.  Haupt,  H. —  Die  einordnung  der  mir 
bekannten  Psammocharidae  mit  2  cubitalzellen  in  mein  svs- 
tem.  [Mitt.  Zool.  Mus.,  Berlin]  16:  673-797.  ill.  *Santschi, 
F. — Un  nouveau  genre  de  fourmi  parasite  sans  ouvrieres  de 
I' Argentine.  [Rev.  Soc.  Ent.  Argentina  |  3:  81-82,  ill. 
Vandel,  A. — fitude  d'un  gynandromorphe  (dinergatandro- 
morphe)  de  Pheidole  pallidula  (Formicides).  [78]  65:  114- 
129,  ill. 


xlii,    '31  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

DEMONS  OF  THE  DUST.  By  WILLIAM  MORTON  WHEELER 
Professor  of  Entomology  in  Harvard  University.  A  study  in 
Insect  Behavior.  W.  W.  Norton  &  Company,  Inc.,  Publishers. 
New  York,  1930.  Pp.  xi,  378,  frontispiece  and  47  illustrations. 
$5.00.— "The  'demons'  of  this  volume  are  the  inhabitants  of 
extreme  desertic  environments,  sand  and  dust,  It  is  scarcely 
necessary  to  state  that  the  word  'demon'  is  here  used  metaphor- 
ically and  in  the  modern  sense  of  'a  malevolent  being.'  The 
term  has  suffered  many  changes  of  meaning.  To  Homer  and 
Hesiod  it  meant  a  benevolent  supernatural  being,  or  god,  and 
when  Socrates  spoke  of  his  daimon  he  obviously  meant  a  benev- 
olent spirit  like  the  guardian  angel  of  the  devout  Catholic. 
This  volume  deals  mainly  with  two  unrelated  groups  of  insect 
demons  which  have  acquired  a  very  similar  type  of  behavior  as 
the  result  of  living  in  dry  dust  or  sand,  which  as  Buxton  (  1923) 
says  'is  in  many  ways  the  most  hostile  of  all  environments,'  for 
as  he  remarks  later  in  his  fine  treatise  [Animal  Life  in  Deserts] 
'sand  probably  presents  more  difficulties  to  the  flora  and  fauna 
which  attempt  to  colonize  it  than  does  any  other  type  of  desert' 
.  .  .  And  more  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  organisms  most 
exquisitely  adapted  to  live  under  such  difficult  conditions  is 
sure  to  arouse  a  peculiar  feeling  of  the  sinister,  malignant, 
weird  or  supernatural,  or  what  Goethe  called  the  'demoniac.' 
These  terms  are  all  fine  examples  of  the  besetting  sin  of  verbal- 
ism, of  the  tacit  assumption  that  there  must  be  an  actual  objec- 
tive existent  corresponding  to  a  mental  process  or  state  because 
we  can  coin  a  name  for  it.  If  this  be  borne  in  mind,  there  is  no 
reason  why  we  may  not  designate  as  demons  animal  organisms 
that  exhibit  disconcerting  or  even  monstrous  forms  and  behav- 
ior as  a  result  of  their  structural  and  functional  adaptation  to 
extreme  environmental  conditions."  (Pp.  40,  41.) 

After  a  chapter  devoted  to  the  eighteenth  century  naturalists, 
Pluche,  Reaumur,  Bonnet,  Roesel,  Queen  Ulrica  Louisa  of 
Sweden  and  Degeer.  to  whom  the  foundations  of  our  knowledge 
of  these  demons  is  due,  and  another  on  the  fauna  of  the  sands 
in  general,  the  third  chapter  (62  pages)  is  a  summary  of  post- 
eighteenth  century  observations  on  the  Ant-lions,  their  taxo- 
nomy, larval  structure  and  behavior.  The  fourth  to  eighth  chap- 
ters present  similar  accounts  of  those  curious  Diptera,  of  the 
family  Rhagionidae,  or  Leptidae.  to  whose  larvae  Reaumur 
applied  the  name  of  worm-lions  in  1753.  They  are  treated  as 
of  five  specific  groups:  Mediterranean,  I'cnuileo  rcrmilco  Lin- 
naeus; Sierra.  / '.  conisloc/ci  Wheeler  and  / '.  opm/ns  Coquillett; 
the  genus  Lampromyia,  of  Africa,  Spain  and  the  Canary  Is- 
lands: the  little  known  \'cnniti<jris  faircliilili  Wheeler,  of  Su- 
matra and  perhaps  Borneo;  and  two  almost  equally  little  known 


124  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Apr.,    '31 

species  from  Cuba,  Jamaica  and  Guerrero,  Mexico.  To  knowl- 
edge of  all  of  these  worm-lions,  Prof.  Wheeler  adds  much  from 
his  own  investigations  in  field  and  laboratory. 

"It  would  be  easy  to  make  a  long  list  of  the  detailed  resem- 
blances between  the  ant-lion  and  worm-lion,  including  the  vari- 
ous taxes  and  sensory  reactions  of  the  larva,  its  normally  biennial 
life-span,  the  excavation  of  the  pitfall ;  lying  in  wait,  the  pois- 
oning, burial  and  extraintestinal  digestion  of  the  prey,  the  occlu- 
sion of  the  posterior  end  of  the  stomach,  death-feigning,  the 
ability  to  remain  for  long  months  in  asitotic  stupor,  pupation  in 
the  sand,  the  wriggling  of  the  pupa  up  to  the  surface  to  permit 
eclosion  of  the  imago,  etc.  On  the  other  hand  certain  striking 
differences  are  to  be  noticed  between  the  two  insects."  (P.  280.) 

All  these  resemblances  and  differences  are  discussed  in  ap- 
propriate places  throughout  the  text,  with  true  Wheelerian 
breadth  of  view  and  humor,  nor  is  a  new  term  lacking  to  desig- 
nate these  demons  and  many  others  "which  ambush  instead  of 
actively  seeking  their  prey.  ...  I  shall  .  .  .  call  them 
lochetic  (from  lochctikos,  lying  in  wait,  entrapping).  In  this 
category  we  may  even  include  such  insectivorous  plants  as  the 
sundews  (Drosera),  pitcher-plants  (Sarracenia,  Nepenthes) 
and  the  Venus'  fly-trap  (Dionaea).  Among  animals  we  have  an 
extraordinary  diversity  of  forms,  ranging  from  the  sea-ane- 
mones, Hydroids,  corals,  tube-dwelling  Annelids,  Crinoids  and 
Polyzoa  to  many  reptiles,  such  as  the  Anniella  described  on  p. 
70  and  at  least  one  group  of  mammals,  the  cats"  (p.  284).  Many 
of  these  lochctcs  are  considered  and  the  reviewer,  unable  to  con- 
ceal his  own  peculiar  behavior  pattern,  hastens  to  add  the  un- 
mentioned  Odonate  larvae  to  the  list.  "The  ambushing  or  loch- 
etic, animals  are  also  important  as  excellent  examples  of  con- 
vergent evolution,  a  principle  which,  to  my  knowledge,  has  not 
been  treated  monographically  since  the  publication  of  Willey's 
work  in  1911"  (p.  295). 

In  connection  with  the  worm-lions  the  question  is  again  raised 
as  to  "the  relative  value  to  be  attached  to  larval  and  imaginal 
characters  in  the  classification  of  insects"  (p.  193).  It  is  not 
directly  answered,  but  the  last  complete  sentence  on  page  190 
seems  to  indicate  Prof.  Wheeler's  belief  that  the  imaginal  char- 
acters are  to  be  assigned  greater  weight. 

Two  appendices  give  translations  of  Degeer's  (1752)  and 
Reaumur's  (1753)  original  memoirs  on  the  worm-lion  and  its 
fly.  There  is  the  ever  praiseworthy  bibliography  (pp.  337-362) 
and  finally  the  index.  Although  heavier  than  is  comfortable 
for  the  hand,  the  book  is  attractively  made  and  printed  in  good 
legible  type.  P.  P.  CALVERT. 


MAY,  1031 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLII 


No.  5 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 


CONTENTS 

Dawson — Report  of  Two  Cases  of  Metathetely  in  Polyphemus  Larvae 

(Telea  polyphemus  Cramer)  (Lepid. :  Saturniidae) 125 

A  List  of  the  Existing  Entomological  Societies  in  the  United  States 

and  Canada 126 

Crampton — A  Claim  for  Priority  in  Dividing  Pterygotan  Insects  into 
Two  Sections  on  the  Basis  of  the  Position  on  the  Wings  in  Re- 
pose, with  Remarks  on  the  Relationships  of  the  Insect  Orders...  130 
Thomas — The  Predatory  Enemies  of  Elateridae  (Coleoptera) ....  137 

Cole— A  Correction  (Hemip.:  Aphididae) 140 

Snyder — A  New  Experience  (Coleop. :  Cicindelidae).. 141 

Entomological  Literature 141 

Review — Byers'  Contribution  to  the  Knowledge  of  Florida  Odonata 145 

Obituary — Prof.  John  Henry  Comstock 152 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing;  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorised  January  15,  1931. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder,Ph.D., 

Associate   Editors. 

Advisory    Committee:     Philip  Laurent,  J.   A.  G  Rehn,    Chas.   Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  sibscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and   South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .         .  ....          3.15 

Foreign  .  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  "  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
slated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numbers 
«f  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XLII. 


Plate  III. 


METATHETELOUS  LARVA  OF  TELEA  POLYPHEMUS. -DAWSON. 


_ENTOMOLQGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLII.  MAY,   1931  No.  5 


Report  of  Two  Cases  of  Metathetely  in  Polyphemus 

Larvae  (Telea  polyphemus  Cramer) 

(Lepid.  :  Saturniidae). 

By   R.    W.   DAWSON,    Department    of    Zoology,    University   of 

Minnesota. 

(Plate  III.) 

The  following  observations  were  made  incidentally  during 
the  progress  of  an  experimental  study  of  the  ecological  re- 
sponses of  the  polyphemus  moth  to  the  climatic  phase  of  its 
environment.1  Fifty-five  eggs  from  a  mating  of  Nebraska 
stock  were  incubated  at  25°  C.  and  the  emerging  larvae  reared 
on  a  progressively  declining  temperature  scale,  following  the 
series  of  mean  normal  temperatures  characteristic  of  the  climate 
at  Lincoln,  Nebraska  from  late  July  to  middle  September.  This 
temperature  progression  follows : 

25.0°  C.  for  11  days     (incubation  of  eggs)         19.4°  C.  for  3  days 

23.3°  C.  for  4  days  18.8°  C.  for  3  days 

22.7°  C.  for  S  days  18.3°  C.  for  3  days 

22.2°  C.  for  4  days  17.7°  C.  for  3  days 

21.6°  C.  for  3  days  17.2°  C.  for  3  days 

21.1°  C.  for  3  days  16.6°  C.  for  3  days 

20.5°  C.  for  3  days  16.2°  C.  for  3  days 

20.0°  C.  for  3  days 

The  object  of  the  experiment  was  to  induce  dormancy  in  the 
first  cycle,  comparable  to  that  occurring  in  the  second  at  the 
close  of  the  growing  season.  The  treatment  did  not  induce 
dormancy,  but  was  possibly  the  cause  for  two  cases  of  "meta- 
thetely",  or  partially  arrested  metamorphosis  appearing  among 
the  larvae.  At  least  one  would  suspect  a  causal  connection 
with  the  descending  temperature,  since  such  cases  are  not  com- 
mon among  lepidopterous  larvae,  and  were  not  otherwise  noted 
among  the  hundreds  of  polyphemus  larvae  reared  in  the  gen- 
eral experiments,  nor  among  the  148  other  larvae  reared  to 
maturity  from  the  same  mating. 

journal  of  Experimental  Zoology,  Feb.,  1931. 

125 


126  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

The  two  larvae  under  consideration  attained  full  size,  and 
instead  of  evacuating  the  digestive  tract  and  then  spinning,  as 
is  the  normal  procedure,  "sat  up"  to  molt,  but  without  first  spin- 
ning the  necessary  and  characteristic  silken  carpet  employed 
in  detaching  the  skin.  In  both  cases  molting  occurred  on  the 
fourth  day,  and  was  accomplished  with  difficulty,  and  only  then 
through  supplementary  aid.  The  chief  obstruction  to  casting 
the  skin  was  the  adhesion  of  the  tracheal  lining  which  in  some 
tubes  could  not  be  dislodged.  The  head  capsule  and  mouth 
parts  assumed  large  dimensions  appropriate  for  a  sixth  and 
monstrous  instar.  The  antennae  were  greatly  distended  with 
fluid,  and  the  thoracic  legs  somewhat  so,  which  rendered  them 
useless.  The  prolegs  lost  their  microscopic,  prehensile  hooks, 
and  also  became  useless.  The  larvae  became  very  weak  and 
flaccid,  and  lost  all  impulses  either  to  feed  or  crawl,  lying 
quietly  on  their  sides  like  prepupae.  Small  amounts  of  fluid 
faeces  were  passed,  and  after  four  or  five  days  of  progressive 
decline  death  occurred.  The  accompanying  life-sized  photo- 
graph conveys  a  good  impression  of  the  strange  condition  of 
these  unfortunate  larvae. 

Comparable  phenomena  occurring  in  the  confused  flour 
beetle,  Tribolinm  confusum  Duval,  and  a  review  of  the  liter- 
ature relating  to  the  subject  of  metathetely  are  given  by  Royal 
N.  Chapman  in  the  Journal  of  Experimental  Zoology,  45,  pp. 
293-299,  1926. 


A  List  of  the  Existing  Entomological  Societies  in 
the  United  States  and  Canada. 

In  the  NEWS  for  July,  1930,  page  218,  appeared  a  note  from 
Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  suggesting  our  publishing  a  list  of  these 
societies  with  an  indication  of  their  membership.  Endorsing 
this  suggestion,  we  requested  data  from  the  secretaries  of  all 
such  associations.  Following  is  the  result.  Some  responses 
have  been  so  much  delayed  that  the  information  here  presented 
is  not  all  of  the  same  date.  Errors  may,  however  lead  to  cor- 
rections from  the  organizations  listed  and  such  will  be  pub- 
lished as  promptly  as  possible  after  receipt.  Use  has  also  been 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  127 

made  of  the  "Bulletin  of  the  National  Research  Council,  May 
1930,  Number  76.  Handbook  of  Scientific  and  Technical 
Societies  and  Institutions  of  the  United  States  and  Canada. 
Second  edition."  The  societies  are  listed  in  chronological  order 
according  to  date  of  foundation. 

Entomological  Society  of  Philadelphia,  founded  February  22, 
1859,  name  changed  to  THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
SOCIETY,  February  23,  1867.  Address  1900  Race  Street.  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania.  President.  Roswell  C.  Williams,  Jr. ; 
Recording  Secretary,  Dr.  R.  G.  Schmieder;  Corresponding 
Secretary,  [.  A.  G.  Rehn.  Resident  members  61,  Correspond- 
ing members  56,  Honorary  member  1.  Current  publications: 
Transactions  since  1868,  Entomological  Ncu's  since  1890.  A 
history  of  the  Society,  by  E.  T.  Cresson,  was  published  separ- 
ately by  the  Society  in  1909. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  ONTARIO,  founded  April  16, 
1863.  Address  Ontario  Agricultural  College,  Guelph.  Ontario, 
Canada.  President,  Dr.  J.  D.  Detwiler ;  Secretary,  R.  H.  Oz- 
burn.  Active  members  145,  Honorary  members  5.  Current 
publications:  Annual  Report  since  1870,  Canadian  Entomol- 
ogist since  1868. 

BROOKLYN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  founded  1872.  Ad- 
dress c/o  Brooklyn  Museum.  Eastern  Parkway,  Brooklyn, 
New  York.  President,  W.  T.  Davis ;  Secretary,  Ernest  L. 
Bell.  Active  members  58,  Life  members  3,  Honorary  mem- 
bers 5.  Current  publications:  Bulletin  (new  series)  since  1912, 
Entomologica  Americana  (new  series)  since  1926.  Mr.  George 
P.  Engelhardt  published  a  paper  "Brooklyn  and  New  York  En- 
tomological Societies,  Past  and  Present"  in  Annals  of  The 
Entomological  Society  of  America,  volume  xxii.  number  3, 
pages  392-400.  September  1929. 

MONTREAL  BRANCH,  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  ONTARIO, 
founded  October  16,  1873.  Address  Lyman  Room,  Redpath 
Museum,  McGill  University,  Montreal,  Canada.  President, 
George  A.  Moore:  Secretary,  John  \Y.  Buckle.  Active  mem- 
bers 18,  Honorary  members  0. 

CAMBRIDGE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB,  founded  January  7.  1874. 
Address  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Cambridge,  Massa- 
chusetts. President,  C.  A.  Frost:  Secretary,  P.  J.  Darlington, 
Jr.  Active  or  resident  members  90,  Corresponding  members  0, 
Honorary  life  members  2.  Current  publications:  I'svclic  since 
1874. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  \Y.\sn  i  \GTON,  founded  Febru- 
ary 29,  1884.  Address  1729  New  York  Avenue,  Washington, 


128  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

D.  C.  President,  A.  C.  Baker;  Recording  Secretary,  J.  S. 
Wade;  Corresponding  Secretary.  S.  A.  Rohwer.  Active  mem- 
bers 186,  Honorary  members  0.  Current  publication :  Pro- 
ceedings since  1884. 

AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION  OF  ECONOMIC  ENTOMOLOGISTS,  or- 
ganized 1889  as  the  Association  of  Official  Economic  Entomol- 
ogists. Address  Melrose  Highlands,  Massachusetts.  Presi- 
dent, J.  S.  Houser;  Secretary,  A.  F.  Burgess.  Active  mem- 
bers 602,  Associate  members  550,  Foreign  members  52,  Life 
members  6.  Current  publication:  Journal  of  Economic  En- 
tomology since  1908. 

THE  NEW  YORK  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  founded  June 
29,  1892.  Address  c/o  American  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, 77th  Street  and  Central  Park  West,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
President,  Andrew  J.  Mutchler ;  Secretary  Miss  Elizabeth 
Sherman.  Active  members  130,  Corresponding  members  0, 
Honorary  members  1.  Current  publication:  Journal  since  1893. 
A  history  of  the  Society  from  1893  to  1918  by  Charles  W. 
Leng  was  published  in  the  Journal,  xxvi,  pages  129-133.  See 
also  under  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  above. 

JUGATAE,  Graduate  Students'  Seminar  in  Entomology, 
founded  February  26,  1897.  Address  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  New  York.  Chairman,  Alexander  B.  Klots.  Active 
members  65,  Corresponding  members  0,  Honorary  members  0. 

PACIFIC  COAST  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  founded  August  7, 
1901.  as  the  California  Entomological  Club.  President,  E.  C. 
Van  Dyke ;  Secretary.  J.  O.  Martin,  2617  Derby  St.,  Berkeley, 
California.  Active  members  80,  Honorary  members  5.  Cur- 
rent publications:  Proceedings  since  1901,  Pan-Pacific  Entomol- 
ogist since  1924. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  BRITISH  COLUMBIA,  founded 
1901,  reorganized  1903.  Address  Agassiz,  British  Columbia. 
President,  J.  W.  Winson  ;  Secretary,  R.  Glendenning.  Active 
members  35,  Corresponding  members  0,  Honorary  members  0. 
Current  publication:  Proceedings  since  1911,  Quarterly  Bul- 
letin since  1908. 

HAWAIIAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  founded  December  15, 
1904.  Address  Experiment  Station,  Hawaiian  Sugar  Planters 
Association,  Honolulu,  Hawaii.  Active  members  20,  Corre- 
sponding members  5,  Honorary  members  2.  Current  publica- 
tion :  Proceedings  since  1905. 

ST.  Louis  ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB,  founded  April  16,  1904. 
Secretary,  Hermann  Schwarz,  720  Clark  Ave.,  Webster  Groves, 
Missouri.  Active  members  8,  Corresponding  members  0,  Hon- 
orary members  0. 


xlii,   '311  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  129 

THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA,  founded  1906. 
Address  c/o  Secretary,  Purdue  University,  Lafayette,  Indiana. 
President,  Dr.  Edith  M.  Patch;  Secretary,  J.  J.  Davis.  Active 
members  814,  Fellows  100,  Honorary  fellows  4.  Current  pub- 
lication:  Annals  since  1908. 

LORQUIN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  founded  1913,  as  the 
Lorquin  Natural  History  Club.  Address  Los  Angeles  Mu- 
seum, Exposition  Park,  Los  Angeles,  California.  President, 
Dr.  John  A.  Comstock ;  Secretary,  John  Garth.  Active  mem- 
bers 60,  Corresponding  members  0,  Honorary  members  12. 

FLORIDA  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  founded  January  5, 
1916,  Address  Florida  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Uni- 
versity of  Florida  Campus,  Gainesville,  Florida.  President, 
C.  F.  Byers ;  Secretary,  W.  L.  Ziegler.  Resident  members  30, 
Non-resident  members  75,  Honorary  members  5.  Current  pub- 
lication :  The  Florida  Entomologist  since  1917. 

POPENOE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB,  founded  1923.  Address 
Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan,  Kansas.  Presi- 
dent, P.  G.  Lamerson ;  Secretary,  H.  L.  Caler.  Active  mem- 
bers 25,  Corresponding  members  0.  Honorary  members  0. 

KANSAS  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  founded  April  9,  1925. 
Address  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan,  Kan- 
sas. President,  George  A.  Dean  ;  Secretary,  Dr.  R.  L.  Parker. 
Active  members  51.  Corresponding  members  67,  Honorary 
members  0.  Current  publication:  Journal  since  1928. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB  OF  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA,  founded 
September  17,  1926.  President,  R.  S.  Woglum ;  Secretary, 
H.  M.  Armitage,  330  North  Bi-oadway,  Los  Angeles,  California. 
Active  members  250,  Corresponding  members  0,  Honorary 
members  0. 

CLEVELAND  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  founded  1927.  Ad- 
dress Cleveland  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
President,  Henry  Wormsbacher;  Secretary  John  C.  Pallister. 
Active  members  22,  Corresponding  members  6,  Honorary  mem- 
bers 0. 

TEXAS  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY,  founded  1928.  President, 
S.  W.  Bilsing;  Secretary,  Dr.  M.  A.  Stewart.  The  Rice  Insti- 
tute, Houston,  Texas.  Members  75  (from  Science  for  March 
20,  1931,  page  310). 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB  AT  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  KANSAS. 
Address  Lawrence,  Kansas.  President,  Lauren  D.  Anderson; 
Secretary,  Bonnie  LaMaster.  Active-  members  26.  Correspond- 
ing members  0,  Honorary  members  0. 

The  totals  of  this  List  are  Societies,  etc.,  22,  and  of  members : 


130  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

active  (resident)  2851,  non-resident  75,  corresponding  128, 
honorary  42,  life  9,  associate  550,  foreign  52,  fellows  100.  The 
names  applied  to  the  classes  of  members  have  different  mean- 
ings in  different  societies.  There  are  many  duplications  in 
the  totals  of  membership ;  thus  a  large  number  of  those  per- 
sons enrolled  in  the  two  national  societies  (American  Asso- 
ciation of  Economic  Entomologists,  Entomological  Society  of 
America)  are  members  of  both  of  these  societies  and  are  also 
members  of  one  or  more  of  the  local  societies. 


A  Claim  for  Priority  in  Dividing  Pterygotan  Insects 

into  Two  Sections  on  the  Basis  of  the  Position 

of  the  Wings  in  Repose,  with  Remarks  on 

the  Relationships  of  the  Insect  Orders. 

By  G.  C.  CRAMPTON,  Ph.D.,  Massachusetts  State  College, 

Amherst,  Mass. 

Recently,  entomologists  such  as  Bradley,  1931  (Laboratory 
Guide  to  tlic  Study  of  the  U7higs  of  Insects*),  Tillyard,  and 
others,  have  begun  to  stress  the  importance  of  separating 
winged  insects  into  two  divisions  on  the  basis  of  the  method 
of  holding  their  wings  outstretched  or  folding  them  along  the 
top  of  the  abdomen  in  repose  (i.e.,  the  division  into  Archiptery- 
gota  and  Neopterygota).  Most  surprisingly,  however,  these 
entomologists,  who  are  trained  taxonomists  meticulously  care- 
ful to  give  exact  chronological  preference  to  the  first  descrip- 
tion of  a  species  or  similar  taxonomic  group  (even  going  to 

[*Dr.  Bradley  has  written  to  the  Editor  of  the  NEWS  as  follows: 
"In  the  wing  venation  guide  which  I  have  recently  published,  I  in- 
advertently credited  Martynov  with  division  of  the  Pterygota  into 
two  groups  on  the  basis  of  whether  the  wings  were  folded  or  not. 
Crampton  subsequently  called  my  attention  in  a  letter  to  the  fact 
that  he  had  made  that  division  before  Martynov,  and  had  used  the 
terms  Archipterygota  and  Neopterygota.  I  have  therefore  made  this 
change  in  a  correction  sheet  for  my  wing  guide  .  .  .  and  have  also 
called  attention  to  the  fact  that  Crampton  was  the  first  to  so  divide 
the  Pterygota.  I  would  be  very  pleased  if  you  would  insert  an 
editorial  footnote  to  [that]  effect  ...  as  I  should  not  like  to  have 
people  feel  that  I  had  intentionally  refused  to  recognize  Crampton's 
work."  The  Editor  is  glad  to  add  this  to  Dr.  Crampton's  paper.] 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  131 

such  extremes  as  to  give  page  preference,  etc.,  where  two 
descriptions  occur  in  the  same  publication),  nevertheless,  in- 
sist upon  accrediting  the  first  division  of  insects  on  the  basis 
of  the  position  of  the  wings  to  Martynov,  1924,  whose  divisions 
"Palaeoptera"  and  "Neoptera"  were  not  published  until  several 
months  after  the  actual  first  publication  of  such  a  division,  on 
exactly  the  same  basis,  made  by  me,  and  despite  the  fact  that 
Martynov's  terms,  such  as  the  designation  "Palaeoptera",  had 
already  been  used  by  me  five  years  before  (in  1915)  to  desig- 
nate a  group  of  ordinal  rank,  including  the  Blattids,  which  do 
not  hold  the  wings  outstretched  in  repose,  and  therefore  could 
not  be  placed  in  Martynov's  group  "Palaeoptera". 

In  the  June,  1924,  issue  of  the  Journal  of  Entomology  and 
Zoology,  Vol.  16,  No.  2,  p.  33,  the  first  published  proposal  to 
divide  the  Pterygota  into  two  divisions  (the  Archipterygota 
and  Neopterygota)  on  the  basis  of  the  position  of  the  wings 
in  repose,  was  made  by  me.  and  it  was  not  until  months  later, 
in  the  fall  of  1924  that  Martynov's  paper  appeared  in  the  Revue 
Russe  d'Entomologie,  Vol.  IS.  p.  145,  in  which  he  proposed  to 
group  winged  insects  into  the  "Palaeoptera"  and  "Neoptera" 
on  exactly  the  same  basis — namely,  the  method  of  holding  the 
wings  in  repose.  The  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology  is 
a  publication  of  recognized  standing  and  has  a  wide  circula- 
tion, and  since  its  June  issue  preceded  the  fall  issue  of  the 
Revue  Russe  d'Entomologie  by  several  months,  there  can  be  no 
question  as  to  which  article  has  priority  of  publication.  Fur- 
thermore, Martynov's  term  "Palaeoptera"  is  preoccupied,  hav- 
ing been  applied  by  me  to  the  order  to  which  the  Blattids  be- 
long, in  a  paper  published  in  Vol.  26  of  the  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
NEWS  for  October,  1915,  p.  249,  so  that  this  name  was  used 
for  a  group  of  insects  which  could  not  possibly  be  included  in 
Martynov's  division  "Palaeoptera",  and  was  published  nine 
years  before  the  paper  by  Martynov,  1924.  It  may  also  be 
remarked  in  passing,  that  it  is  undesirable  to  apply  designa- 
tions ending  in  "ptera"  to  groups  other  than  those  of  ordinal 
and  superordinal  rank,  so  that  the  designations  "Palaeoptera" 
and  "Neoptera"  for  the  two  divisions  of  the  Pterygota  are  not 


132  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

so  appropriate  as  the  designations  Archipterygota  and  Neop- 
terygota  which  Martynov  has  attempted  to  supplant  with  his 
own  designations,  but  on  the  basis  of  priority,  availability,  and 
appropriateness  the  terms  Archipterygota  and  Neopterygota 
clearly  have  precedence,  and  even  if  this  were  not  so,  Marty- 
nov's  term  "Palaeoptera"  would  have  to  fall  as  a  synonym,  hav- 
ing been  preoccupied  by  me  in  1915. 

While  the  first  actual  division  of  the  Pterygota  into  two  divi- 
sions (the  Archipterygota  and  Neopterygota)  on  the  basis  of 
the  position  of  the  wings  in  repose  was  published  in  the  June, 
1924,  issue  of  the  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology,  this  was 
by  no  means  the  first  mention  of  the  fact  that  insects  which 
hold  the  wings  outstretched  in  repose  form  a  group  of  closely 
related  insects,  as  the  following  quotation  from  page  116,  Vol. 
27,  No.  5,  of  Psyche,  for  1920,  will  show  .  .  .  "As  was  pointed 
out  in  the  August,  1919,  issue  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
Entomological  Society  of  London  (p.  93),  the  Ephemerida, 
Odonata,  and  certain  Palaeodictyoptera  form  a  group  charac- 
terized by  their  inability  to  fold  their  wings  flat  along  the  top 
of  the  abdomen,  and  in  an  article  in  the  May,  1920,  issue  of 
the  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Washington 
(Vol.  22,  p.  98)  these  insects,  together  with  their  immediate 
relatives  (i.e.,  the  Protephemerida,  Ephemerida,  Protodonata, 
Odonata,  certain  of  the  Palaeodictyoptera,  etc.),  were  grouped 
in  an  ancestral  superorder  of  insects  .  .  ."  The  foregoing 
verbatim  quotation  from  a  publication  appearing  four  years 
before  Martynov's  paper,  will  clearly  prove  that  I  had  long 
considered  that  the  insects  which  hold  the  wings  outstretched 
in  repose  form  a  natural  group  (and  likewise  cited  the  chief 
representatives  of  this  group),  but  it  was  not  until  the  June, 
1924,  issue  of  the  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology,  that  an 
actual  division  of  the  Pterygota  into  two  clear  cut  divisions  was 
made  by  me  or  by  anyone  else. 

Martynov,  1924,  has  inserted  so  many  different  dates  at  vari- 
ous points  in  his  article  (a  translation  of  which  is  given  by 
F.  M.  Carpenter,  in  the  September,  1920,  issue  of  Psyche,  Vol. 
37,  p.  245)  that  the  reader  may  get  the  false  impression  that 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  133 

some  of  these  various  dates  refer  to  installments  of  the  1924 
paper  published  at  various  times ;  but,  by  referring  to  the 
original  article,  one  may  readily  see  that  the  first  report  (dated 
1922,  although  it  was  not  published  until  the  1924  article)  and 
the  date  of  handing  the  manuscript  to  the  press  in  1923,  to- 
gether with  the  postscript  added  before  the  whole  was  published 
in  the  fall  of  1924,  were  all  published  at  the  same  time,  under 
a  single  title,  in  the  fall  of  1924  (I.e.)  months  after  the  pub- 
lication of  the  article  by  me  in  the  June,  1924,  issue  of  the 
Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology. 

Discrepancies  between  the  dates  inserted  and  the  statements 
made  in  the  text  itself,  make  it  impossible  to  determine  what 
was  in  the  original  manuscript,  and  what  was  later  inserted 
before  the  publication  of  the  whole  paper  in  1924.  Thus,  Pro- 
fessor Martynov  states  on  page  168  of  his  paper  in  the  Revue 
Russe  d'Entomologie  for  1924  (or  on  page  275  of  the  1930 
translation  by  Carpenter),  that  he  was  still  collecting  material 
in  October,  1923,  to  be  used  in  the  preparation  of  his  paper, 
while  in  a  footnote  on  page  145  of  the  original  article  in  Russian 
(or  on  page  245  of  the  1930  translation  by  Carpenter)  appears 
the  statement  that  the  completed  manuscript  was  in  press  six 
months  before  this,  in  May,  1923,  and  to  clinch  the  matter  the 
date  May,  1923,  was  again  inserted  at  the  end  of  the  discus- 
sion as  a  "finis"  on  page  170  of  the  Russian  paper  (or  on  page 
278  of  the  1930  translation),  although  it  is  difficult  to  under- 
stand how  one  could  still  be  collecting  material  to  work  in 
October  and  include  his  findings  in  a  manuscript  already  in  the 
hands  of  the  publisher  six  months  before  in  May.  Discre- 
pancies of  this  kind  make  the  inserted  dates  absolutely  mean- 
ingless for  determining  what  was  in  the  original  manuscript 
and  what  was  later  added  before  the  whole  article,  together 
with  the  postscript  added  in  the  fall  of  1924,  was  published 
later  in  the  fall  of  1924.  At  any  rate,  the  actual  date  of  pub- 
lication, not  the  dates  inserted  by  the  writer,  is  what  determines 
priority  in  such  matters,  and  the  fact  remains  that  the  state- 
ments published  in  this  article,  including  its  various  inserted 
dates,  were  not  made  till  later  in  the  fall  of  1924.  while  in  the 


134  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

previous  June  of  that  year,  the  same  division  of  the  Pterygota 
into  two  divisions  based  upon  the  method  of  holding  the  wings 
in  repose,  had  already  been  published  by  me,  thus  clearly  estab- 
lishing published  priority,  which  is  all  that  counts  in  such  mat- 
ters, and  Martynov's  terms  "Palaeoptera"  and  "Neoptera"  can- 
not possibly  have  precedence  over  the  earlier  terms  Archiptery- 
gota  and  Neopterygota,  for  exactly  the  same  insects  divided 
upon  exactly  the  same  basis. 

On  page  224  of  the  Canadian  Entomologist  for  October, 
1922,  I  had  already  pointed  out  that  "...  it  would  be  impos-. 
sible  to  derive  such  a  type  as  the  Homopterous  wing  shown  (in 
the  figures)  from  that  of  Eugcrcon  which  is  supposed  to  repre- 
sent the  type  ancestral  to  the  Homoptera  and  Hemiptera,  so 
that  it  is  much  more  probable  that  the  ancestors  of  the  Homop- 
tera and  Hemiptera  were  very  like  the  common  Protorthop- 
teron-Protoblattid  stem.  .  .  .  Eugcrcon,  howrever,  is  more  like 
the  Palaeodictyoptera  and  it  possibly  may  be  regarded  as  a  spe- 
cialized Palaeodictyopteron",  and  on  page  222  of  the  same 
paper  published  in  1922,  the  Hemipteruus  insects  were  cor- 
rectly placed  in  the  group  containing  the  Psocids,  Mallophaga, 
Pediculids,  Thysanoptera,  Heteroptera  and  Homoptera.  Fur- 
thermore, in  the  June,  1924,  issue  of  the  Journal  of  Entomology 
and  Zoology,  published  five  months  before  the  paper  by  Marty- 
nov,  1924,  I  definitely  separated  Eugcrcon  from  the  Hemiptera 
because  Eugcrcon  held  its  wings  outstretched  in  repose,  and 
placed  the  Hemiptera  in  the  division  Neopterygota,  because 
they  lay  their  wings  along  the  abdomen  in  repose.  Martynov, 
1924,  is  therefore  mistaken  in  supposing  that  he  was  the  first 
to  call  attention  to  the  distinct  grouping  of  Eugcrcon  and  the 
Hemiptera,  and  he  did  not  even  indicate  the  correct  position 
of  the  Hemiptera  within  the  group  of  insects  including  the 
Psocids,  Mallophaga,  Pediculids,  Thysanoptera,  etc.  The  con- 
clusive reasons  for  separating  the  Hemiptera  from  such  forms 
as  Eugcrcon,  however,  were  not  given  in  detail  by  anyone  so 
far  as  I  am  aware,  before  the  detailed  comparison  given  in 
the  February,  1927,  issue  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn 
Entomological  Society,  Vol.  22,  p.  1. 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  135 

In  a  footnote  on  page  169,  Martynov,  1924  (I.e.)  accredits 
Lameere,  1917,  with  being  the  first  to  indicate  that  the  Plecop- 
tera  are  Orthopteroids.  Martynov  does  not  include  Lameere 
in  his  list  of  references,  but  he  evidently  refers  to  a  casual 
statement  by  Lameere,  1917,  on  page  103  of  the  Bulletin  de  la 
Societe  entomologique  de  France,  Seance  du  28  fevrier  1917, 
which  may  be  translated  as  follows :  "The  Perlids  are  Orthop- 
tera  with  aquatic  larvae  very  distinct  from  those  of  the  Subuli- 
cornes ;  (while)  on  the  contrary,  the  larvae  of  the  Ephemerids 
and  Libellulids  are  not  fundamentally  different."  Two  years 
before  this,  however,  on  page  346  of  the  October  issue  of  the 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  1915,  I  had  already  pointed  out 
that  "The  insects  which  group  themselves  about  the  Plecopteron 
center  constitute  a  second  supersection  .  .  .  and  all  are  the 
descendants  of  very  similar  ancestors.  Here  belong  the  fol- 
lowing orders :  Plecoptera,  Embiid-like  insects,  Dermaptera, 
Grylloblattid-like  forms,  Zoraptera,  Isoptera,  Phasmid-like 
forms,  Phyllium-like  forms,  grasshopper-like  forms,  Orthop- 
tera  and  others."  The  only  evidence  cited  in  this  paper  for 
assigning  the  Plecoptera  to  this  Orthopteroid  group,  however, 
is  the  statement  that  immature  Dermaptera  such  as  Dyscritinn, 
Karschiclla,  Bonnansia,  etc.,  have  cerci  like  those  of  the  Ple- 
coptera, so  that  this  reference  to  the  position  of  the  Plecoptera 
among  the  Orthopteroids  is  fully  as  casual  as  Lameere's  brief 
statement  published  two  years  later.  On  page  408  of  the 
November  issue  of  the  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  1917,  how- 
ever, very  definite  reasons  for  grouping  the  Embiids,  Forfi- 
culids  and  Plecoptera  in  a  single  superorder,  the  Panplecoptera, 
were  given,  including  the  nature  of  the  lateral  cervical  sclerites 
which  are  figured  in  detail,  the  ring-like  mesothoracic  coxae, 
typically  trimerous  tarsi,  absence  of  ovipositor  and  styli,  etc.; 
and  this  is  probably  the  first  citation  of  definite  features  of 
value  for  determining  that  the  Plecoptera  are  the  closest  to  the 
Orthopteroid  Embiids  of  all  insects,  although  a  further  de- 
tailed comparison  of  the  dorsal  region  of  the  meso-and  meta- 
thorax  (and  the  \ving  bases)  of  the  Embiids  and  Plecoptera 
is  given  in  the  February,  1918,  issue  of  Psyche.  Vol.  25,  p.  5, 


136  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

and  the  wings  of  the  Embiids  and  Plecoptera  are  compared  on 
page  214  of  the  September,  1922,  issue  of  the  Canadian 
Entomologist  (Vol.  54),  with  a  view  to  demonstrating  that  the 
closest  relatives  of  the  Plecoptera  are  the  Orthopteroid  Embiids, 
and  all  of  these  long  precede  the  casual  statement  by  Martynov, 
1924,  that  the  Plecoptera  should  be  included  in  an  Orthopteroid 
superorder  for  which  he  proposes  the  designation  "Orthop- 
teroidea". 

In  closing,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  comparison  between 
the  Hymenoptera  and  the  rest  of  the  Holometabola,  on  the  one 
hand,  and  the  Hemipteroid  Psocids  on  the  other,  as  given  on 
page  226  of  the  October,  1922,  issue  of  the  Canadian  Entomol- 
ogist, brings  out  many  reasons  for  concluding  that  the  Holo- 
metabola and  the  Psocids,  etc.,  were  descended  from  a  com- 
mon Protorthopteroid  ancestry;  and  the  adumbrations  of  the 
Hymenopterous  venation  suggested  by  comparing  Figs.  65  and 
66  (which  was  the  first  suggestion  for  a  revision  of  the  then 
prevalent  interpretation  of  the  homologies  of  the  wing  veins 
of  the  Hymenoptera)  may  possibly  indicate  a  more  correct  in- 
terpretation of  the  Hymenopterous  venation  than  some  of  those 
later  proposed.  In  fact,  Dr.  F.  M.  Carpenter  has  recently 
pointed  out  that  the  so-called  "Protohymenoptera,"  supposedly 
ancestral  to  the  Hymenoptera,  are,  in  reality,  merely  Megase- 
copterous  insects  having  nothing  to  do  with  the  ancestral 
Hymenoptera,  and  interpretations  of  the  Hymenopterous  vena- 
tions based  upon  a. comparison  with  the  unrelated  Megasecop- 
tera  are  founded  upon  too  insecure  a  basis.  What  makes  the 
matter  still  more  complicated,  is  that  Dr.  Tillyard  mistook  the 
lower  for  the  upper  surface  of  these  wings,  and  overlooked 
the  subcostal  vein  which  is  the  key  vein  for  tracing  the  convex 
and  concave  veins  in  insects,  so  that  his  comparison  of  the 
venation  of  the  Hymenoptera  with  that  of  the  Megasecopterous 
"Protohymenoptera"  is  thrown  completely  off  by  this  fact,  and 
the  true  interpretation  of  the  Hymenopterous  venation  may 
eventually  turn  out  to  be  more  nearly  like  that  suggested  by 
the  comparison  of  Figs.  65  and  66  in  the  above-mentioned 
article,  in  the  Canadian  Entomologist  for  October,  1922 ! 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  137 

The  Predatory  Enemies  of  Elateridae  (Coleoptera).1 

By  C.  A.  THOMAS,   Pennsylvania  State  College. 

In  a  recent  paper 2  the  writer  discussed  the  few  recorded 
examples  of  the  parasites  of  wireworms.  The  present  paper 
records  the  predators  known  to  feed  upon  the  various  stages 
of  these  insects.  It  is  evident  that  predators  are  more  impor- 
tant in  the  natural  control  of  the  Elateridae  than  either  para- 
sites or  diseases. 

ACARINA. 

Mites  have  been  included  among  the  predatory  enemies  of 
Elateridae,  although  in  most  instances  it  is  probable  that  those 
found  upon  wireworms  are  not  there  primarily  to  feed  upon 
them.  Mite  hypopi  (Tyroglyphidae)  are  frequently  found 
closely  grouped  upon  the  abdominal  segments  of  wireworms, 
especially  the  ninth  segment,  often  so  tightly  attached  as  to  be 
unaffected  by  the  larva's  movements  through  the  soil.  In  such 
instances  the  larva  usually  seemed  to  be  entirely  unaffected  by 
the  hypopi,  and  fed  and  molted  as  usual.  In  a  few  instances, 
however,  when  the  mites  become  common  upon  the  thorax  and 
head,  and  cover  the  spiracles,  the  wireworm  may  be  weakened 
by  its  load.  Mites  upon  wireworms  are  not  at  all  uncommon 
under  artificial  rearing  conditions,  but  are  less  frequently 
found  in  the  field.  The  records  of  mites  found  on  wireworms 
are  as  follows : 

Family  TROMBIDIIDAE  :  Lcptits  [>hala>i</ii  (.-Icarus  phalanfjii 
of  DcGccr)  fed  on  juices  of  adult  Illater  ruficaudis,  according 
to  Curtis  (1845). 

Family  PAKASJTIDAF.  :  Fisher  (18S9)  noted  a  gamasid  mite 
(Parasitus)  attached  to  the  bodv  of  an  .Hans  ocidahis  adult. 

Family  UROPODIDAE  :  Curtis  (1845)  stated  that  Uropoda 
itniJ'ilica  attached  itself  to  the  elytra  of  Mater  obsciints. 

Family  TYROGLYPHIDAE:  Tyroglyphid  hypopi  are  sometimes 
found  upon  wireworms,  and  if  these  wireworms  die  from  dis- 
ease or  other  causes,  the  hypopi  may  develop  into  the  nytnphal 

1  Publication  authorized  by  the  Director  of  the  Pennsylvania  Agricul- 
tural Experiment  Station  as  Technical  Paper   \o.  519. 
""Parasites  of  Wireworms,"  F.NT.  NEWS,  XL,  287-293,  Nov.,  1929 


138  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

and  adult  mites  and  may  then  feed  upon  the  dead  larvae.  Those 
who  have  noted  the  occurrence  of  Tyroglyphids  upon  wire- 
worms  are:  Hyslop  (1915),  on  wireworms  in  his  rearing  cages; 
Conradi  and  Eagerton  (1914),  who  found  that  Horistonotus 
uhlcri  Horn  larvae  hecame  infested  with  Rhizoglyphus  phyl- 
lo.\-crae  Rilcy,  hut  none  of  these  wireworms  matured ;  Pergande 
(1882),  who  found  Tyroglyphid  hypopi  on  Mclanotus  com- 
uiuiiis  Gyll.  larvae;  Masaitas  (1929),  frequently  found  Sela- 
tosounis  larvae  parasitized  by  Tyroglyphids  in  Russia,  as  high 
as  33%  in  the  field  in  1926;  he  thought  that  these  mites  punc- 
tured the  skin  of  the  wire  worm. 

PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA. 

Leidy   (1877)   recorded  Cliclifcr  alans  as  parasitizing  adults 

of  Alans  ocithitits. 

ARANEAE. 

Many  spiders  depend  largely  on  what  comes  to  their  webs, 
so  that  the  occurrence  of  an  occasional  entangled  click  beetle 
is  not  important.  However,  Eagerton  (1914)  reported  a  small 
field  spider.  Pence  tin  t'iridans  Htz.  as  quite  an  important  enemy 
of  the  adults  of  Monocrepidius  z'cspcrtinns  (Fab.)  and  occa- 
sionally of  Horistonotus  uhlcri.  This  spider  frequents  the 
upper  portion  of  tasseling  corn.  Hawkins 3,  of  the  Maine 
Experiment  Station,  found  an  unidentified  small  grayish  spider 
consuming  adults  of  Agriotes  mane  us  Say. 

INSECTA:  HEMIPTERA. 

Conradi  and  Eagerton  (1914),  and  Eagerton  (1914),  found 
Apiomcrus  crassipcs  Fab.  (Family  Reduviidae)  catching  adults 
of  Monocrepidius  vcspcrtinus,  and  suspected  this  and  several 
other  hemipterous  insects  of  preying  on  adults  of  Horistonotus 
uhlcri. 

COLEOPTERA. 

The  members  of  this  order  rank  second  only  to  birds  as 
predatory  enemies  of  wireworms.  Nearly  all  of  the  coleoptera 
feeding  on  Elateridae  belong  to  the  family  Carabidae,  as  shown 
by  the  following  records.  Carabid  larvae  are  subterranean  and 

adapted  for  feeding  on  soil  insects. 

Family  CICINDELIDAE  :  Cincindcla  rufivcnlris  Fab. — ate  Hor- 
istonotus uhlcri  adults — Conradi  and  Eagerton  (1914). 

3  Correspondence. 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  139 

Family  CARARIDAE:  Steropus  (Carabus)  madidus  Fab. — ate 
wireworms — Curtis  (1845). 

Calosoma  cane  elicit  nm  Esch.  adults — ate  Limonius  calif  or- 
nicus  Mannh.  adults — Graf  (1914).  C.  scmilacvc  Lee. — adults 
ate  Limonius  calif oniicits  Mannh.  adults — Graf  (1914). 

Nebria   brevicollis — ate  wireworms — Ford    (1917). 

Sca-ritcs  sp. — introduced   into  Hawaii   from   Brazil — Swezey 
(1924).    S.  siibtcrraneiis  Fab. — ate  Phcletes  ayonus  Say  larvae 
—Writer. 

Ptcrostichns  madidus — ate  wireworms — Ford  (1917).  P. 
sp. — ate  wireworms — Masaitas  (1929). 

Poccilns  lucnblandis  Say — ate  wireworms — Hawkins.  Maine 
( 1929  correspondence ) . 

Oplioims     (Pardileus)     ealccatus     Duft. — ate     wireworms— 
Masaitas  (1929). 

B  rose  us  cephalotcs  L. — ate  Limonius  pilosus  Lev.  and  Agn- 
ates lincatus  L.— Yassiliev  (1913,  1914). 

In  recent  correspondence,  Headlee  stated  that  a  heavy  in- 
festation of  wireworms  occuring  in  the  fall  in  New  Jersey  was 
apparently  much  reduced  by  Carabid  larvae,  so  that  by  the  next 
spring  the  wireworms  had  practically  disappeared  and  a  tre- 
mendous number  of  undetermined  Carabid  larvae  was  found 
in  their  place.  Whether  these  Carabids  actually  killed  off  the 
wireworms  is  not  definitely  known,  but  Headlee  believed  that 
they  had  much  to  do  with  the  disappearance  of  the  latter. 
Strickland  of  Alberta,  Canada,  also  said  that  adult  Carabids 
were  the  most  important  insect  enemies  of  wireworms.  He 
believed,  however,  that  the  larvae  of  these  Carabids  are  only 
of  secondary  importance,  and  that  they  frequently  are  devoured 
by  wireworms  with  which  they  are  confined. 

Family  STAIMI VLIXIDAK.  Hawkins,  Maine,  in  1929  corre- 
spondence, stated  that  he  found  Staphylinus  badipcs  Lee.  eat- 
ing adults  of  Atjriotes  mane  its. 

Family  ELATERIDAE.  A  number  of  elaterid  larvae  are  pre- 
dacious and  cannibalistic.  Conradi  and  Eagerton  ( 1914)  noted 
that  pupae  and  soft  molting  larvae  of  Horistonotits  nhlcri 
were  destroyed  by  larvae  of  Monocrepidius  rcspcrtinus.  They 
also  destroy  each  oilier  when  crowded  together.  Umnov  (1913) 
observed  cannibalism  among  A(/riotcs  larvae,  while  the  writer 
has  frequently  found  larvae  of  M  miocrcpidiits  In'idits  DeG.  and 
Alans  oc'iilatus  feeding  on  other  wireworms,  especially  in  ex- 


140  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

perimental  cages.  Other  elaterid  genera  which  contain  pre- 
dacious larva  are  Agryphus,  Adcloccra,  Chalcolcpidius,  Hcmir- 
hipus,  Mclanotus,  Pyrophorus  and  probably  some  others.  It 
is  not  known,  however,  how  much  good  these  wireworms  actu- 
ally do  in  the  field. 

DlPTERA. 

Only  four  records  of  diptera  feeding  on  Elaterids  have  been 
found.  The  flies  concerned  are  members  of  the  families 
Asilidae  and  Therevidae.  Kirby  and  Spence  (1846)  noted  an 
Asilus  adult  caught  with  an  elaterid  beetle  in  its  clutches,  while 
Eagerton  (1914)  found  a  robber  fly,  Proctacanthus  brcvipcnnis 
Wiecl.  catching  adults  of  Mono  ere pidiiis  vcspcrtinus.  Conradi 
and  Eagerton  (1914)  stated  that  the  same  species  killed  males 
of  Horistonotus  u-hlcri  in  South  Carolina. 

Of  the  THEREVIDAE,  Hyslop  (1910)  found  Thcrcva  cgrcssa 
Coq.  larvae  feeding  on  wireworms  at  Pullman,  Washington. 
Larvae  of  Psiloccphala  aldrichi  Coq.  and  P.  mnnda  Coq.  were 
also  associated  with  these  wireworms,  although  not  actually 
seen  feeding  on  them.  Conradi  and  Eagerton  (1914)  noted  a 
larva,  probably  P.  pictipcnnis  Wied.  (-  Epomyia  pictipennis 
Wied.)  eating  a  Horistonotus  uhlcri  larva  in  the  field. 

HYMENOPTERA. 

Ants  occasionally  devour  weak  or  dead  click  beetles  found 
on  the  ground.  Kirby  and  Spence  (1846)  told  of  several  ants 
dragging  an  Elaterid.  Horton  (1918)  stated  that  the  adult  of 
Limonius  subauratus  Lee.,  which  feeds  on  citrus  scale  excre- 
tions, is  fearless  of  the  Argentine  ant,  which  attacks  other 

insects. 

(To  be  continued). 


A  Correction  (Hemip. :  Aphididae). 

An  error  in  my  article  on  Typha  Insects  in  the  February 
NEWS  has  been  called  to  my  attention.  Thripsaphis  ballii  Gill, 
recorded  on  page  37  of  that  issue  is  an  Hemipteron  and  does 
not  belong  under  Thysanoptera  as  listed.  This  species  was 
arranged  in  the  wrong  group  at  Washington  and  came  to  me, 
as  listed,  in  a  letter. — ARTHUR  C.  COLE,  Jr.,  Department  of 
Zoology  and  Entomology,  the  Ohio  State  University,  Columbus. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  141 

A    New    Experience    (Coleop. :    Cicindelidae). 

On  February  22,  1931,  I  took  a  stroll  along  the  tracks  of 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  St.  Paul  and  Pacific  Railway,  leading 
northwest  out  of  this  city.  Turning  over  stones,  bits  of  wood 
and  other  debris  lying  on  the  railway  embankment.  I  was  indeed 
surprised  to  find  a  specimen  of  Cicindela  purfurca  under  a 
brick  that  lay  on  the  surface  of  a  sandy  spot  on  otherwise'  bare 
soil.  I  have  collected  insects  here  about  Heaver  Dam  more  or 
less  regularly  since  1888,  my  favorite  collecting  being  under 
debris  and  bark  in  early  spring,  but  never  before  have  I  found 
a  hibernating  tiger  beetle.  On  being  taken  into  a  warm  room 
the  tiger  immediately  showed  life.  As  a  lad  living  in  Fayette 
County,  Illoinois,  1  often  found  Cicindelas  hibernating  in  or 
under  rotten  logs  and  stumps,  but  this  is  my  first  experience 
in  finding  one  in  Wisconsin. 

W.  E.  SNYDER,  Beaver  Dam,  Wisconsin. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA  S.  MACKEY  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OP 

E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  I  1  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in  the  January  and  June 
numbers  (or  which  may  be  secured  from  the  publisher  of  Entomological 
News  for  10c),  in  which  the  paper  appeared.  The  number  of,  or  annual 
volume,  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  ) 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

•Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  soe  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

^f~Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  c-iting  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers    published    in   the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Bijok,  J. — AVinterarbeit  einer  entomolo- 
gischen  schulergemeinschaft  |14|  44:  326-329,  ill.  Break- 
ey,  E.  P. — Additional  notes  on  the  natural  enemies  of  the 
iris  borer,  Macronoctua  onusta.  [7]  24:  40-44.  Emerton, 
J.  H.— Obituary.  IJy  N.  Criddle.  [Canadian  Field  Nat.]  45: 
90.  Hopping,  R. — Two  very  common  mistakes  of  entomol- 
ogical writers.  [4]  63:  72-73.  Lutz,  F.  E. — In  defense  of 


142  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

insects.  [76]  1931  :  367-369.  Rowell,  L.  S— Preparation  of 
bee  slides.  [68]  73 :  320.  Stiles,  C.  W.— Is  an  international 
zoological  nomenclature  practicable?  [68]  73:  349-354. 
Wheeler,  W.  M. — Award  of  the  Leicly  medal  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  to  Dr.  W.  M. 
Wheeler.  [68]  73:  308.  Wucherpfennig,  F.— Amazonas- 
sammelreise  1930-31.  [17]  48:  59-61,  ill.,  cont.  *Zerny,  H. 
-Ergebnisse  einer  zoologischen  sammelreise  nach  Bras- 
ilien,  insbesondere  in  das  Amazonasgebiet.  [An.  Nat.  Mus. 
Wien]  44.  III.  Diptera :  Dolichopoclidae.  Par  O.  Parent. 
5-26.  IV.  Mantodea.  Von  M.  Beier.  27-32,  ill.  V.  Micro- 
Lepidoptera.  By  E.  Meyrick.  223-268,  ill.  VI.  Lepidoptera : 
Megalopygidae.  Von  W.  Hopp.  269-277,  ill. 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,   ETC.— Allard,   H.   A.- 

The  photoperiodism  of  the  firefly  Photinus  pyralis ;  its  re- 
lation to  the  evening  twilight  and  other  conditions.  [10]  33: 
49-58,  ill.  Andrews,  E.  A. — Honeydew  reflexes.  [Physiol. 
Zool.]  3:  467-484.  Gerould,  J.  H. — Premature  reversal  of 
heart  beat  in  Bombyx.  [68]  73:  323-325.  Gray,  J.— The 
post-embryological  development  of  the  digestive  system  in 
Homaledra  sabalella.  [7]  24:  45-107,  ill.  Gresson,  R.  A.  R. 
-Yolk-formation  in  Periplaneta  orientalis.  [53]  74:  257- 
274,  ill.  Henson,  H. — The  structure  and  post-embryonic 
development  of  Vanessa  urticae  (Lepidoptera).  [53]  74: 
321-360,  ill.  Hickman,  J.  R. — Respiration  of  the  Haliplidae. 
[Pap.  Michigan  Acad.  Sci.  Arts  &  Letters]  13:  277-289,  ill. 
Ripper,  W. — Versuch  einer  kritik  der  homologiefrage  der 
arthropoden.tracheen.  [94]  138:  303-369,  ill.  Robertson,  W. 
R.  B. — Hybrid  vigor — a  factor  in  tettigid  parthenogenesis? 
[90]  65:  165-172.  Sikes  &  Wigglesworth.— The  hatching  of 
insects  from  the  egg,  and  the  appearance  of  air  in  the  trach- 
eal  system.  [53]  74:  165-192,  ill.  Smith,  F.  F.— A  further 
comment  on  the  "Pumping"  habit  of  plant  lice.  [68]  73  :  364. 
Stanley,  J. — Studies  on  the  musculatory  system  and  mouth 
parts  of  Laelaps  echidninus.  [7]  24:  12pp.,  ill.  Swingle,  M. 
C. — Notes  on  digestion  in  seven  species  of  insects.  [7J  24: 
177-180.  Wigglesworth,  V.  B. — Effect  of  desiccation  on  the 
bed  bug  (Cimex  lectularius).  [31]  127:  307-308,  ill.  Wig- 
glesworth, V.  P. — Digestion  in  Chrysops  silacea  (Tabani- 
dae).  [Parasitology]  23:  73-76. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— *Beier,  M.— Die 

Pseudoskorpione  des  Wiener  Naturhistorischen  Museums. 
[An.  Nat.  Mus.  Wien]  44:  199-222,  ill.  (S). 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  143 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— *Calvert, 
P.  P. — The  generic  characters  and  the  species  of  Palaem- 
nema  (Agrionidae).  [1]  57:  110pp.,  ill.  (S).  Lestage,  J.  A. 
—Contribution  a  1'etude  des  Ephemeropteres.  VIII.  Les 
Ephemeropteres  du  Chili.  [33]  71 :  41-60,  ill.  *McDunnough, 
J. — The  bicolor  group  of  the  genus  Ephemerella  with  par- 
ticular reference  to  the  nymphal  stages  (Ephemeroptera). 
[4]  63:  30-42;  61-68,  ill.  Mills,  H.  B.— New  Nearctic  Col- 
lembola.  [40]'  464:  llpp..  ill.  Nichols,  E.  R.— "An  attempt 
to  classify  species  of  termites  from  mandibles  of  workers 
and  nymphs".  [13]  23:  18pp.,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— *Beier,  M.—  (See  Zerny,  under  Gen- 
eral). *Chopard,  L. — Sur  une  espece  nouvelle  du  genre 
Eneoptera  confondue  avec  1'E.  surinamensis  [Gryllidae]. 
(S).  [25]  1931  :  14-16,  ill.  Hebard,  M.— The  Orthoptera  of 
Alberta.  [Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.]  82:  377-403,  ill.  Heb- 
ard, M. — Studies  in  Lower  California!!  Orthoptera.  (S).  [1] 
57:  113-127,  ill.  *Karny,  H.  H.— Revision  der  Gryllacriden 
des  Naturhistorischen  Museums  in  Wien  einschliesslich  der 
collection  Brunner  v.  Wattenwyl.  [An.  Nat.  Mus.  Wien] 
44:  45-198,  ill.  (S). 

HEMIPTERA.— Jaczewski,  T.— The  male  of  Mesove- 
loidea  williamsi.  Further  notes  on  the  American  species 
of  Mesovelia.  (Heteroptera).  [10]  33:  64-65;  65-66,  ill. 
*Lallemand,  V. — Quelques  especes  et  varietes  nouvelles  de 
Cercopides  exotiques  des  collections  du  Musee  Zoologique 
de  Hamburg.  (S).  [Folia  Zool.  et  Hydrobiol.,  Riga]  2:  164- 
169.  *Melin,  D. — Hemiptera  from  South  and  Central 
America.  II.  (Contributions  to  a  revision  of  the  genus  Phy- 
mata.)  [83]  22,  No.  2:  40pp.,  ill.  Miller,  N.  C.  E.— Larval 
Heteroptera  secreting  an  obnoxious  fluid  from  the  thorax. 
[8]  67:  54-55.  Muir,  F. — A  criticism  of  Dr.  Hansen's  theory 
of  the  maxillula  in  Hemiptera.  [8]  67:  51-53.  Readio,  P.  A. 
-Dormancy  in  Reduvius  personatus.  |7]  24:  19-39,  ill. 
Schmidt,  E. — Gynopygoplax  schultzei,  eine  neue  Cercopidc 
von  den  Philippines' [17]  48:  64.  Silvey,  J.  K.  G.— Observ- 
ations on  the  life-history  of  Rheumatobates  rileyi  (Gerri- 
dae).  [Pap.  Michigan  Acad.  Sci.  Arts  &  Letters]  13:  433- 
446,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— *Busck,  A.— Two  m-\v  Peruvian 
Microlepidoptera  of  economic  importance  [Gelechiidae  and 
Oecophoridae].  [10]  33:  59-63,  ill.  Cook,  W.  C.--An 


144  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

ecologically  annotated  list  of  the  Phalaenidae  of  Montana. 
[4]  63:  25-30.  *Gehlen,  B.— Neue  Sphingiden.  [14]  44: 
362-364,  ill.  (S).  Harris,  L.— A  list  of  the  butterflies  of 
Georgia,.  [Trans.  Georgia  Nat.  Club]  1  :  27pp.,  ill.  Hoff- 
man, F. — Beitrage  zur  naturgeschichte  brasilianischer 
schmetterlinge.  II.  [45]  26:  1-8.  Hoffman,  F. — Euselasia 
eucerus.  (S).  [17]  48:  55-56.  *Hopp,  W.—  (See  Zerny  un- 
der General).  (S).  McDunnough,  J. — Note  on  the  larvae 
of  Metrea  ostreonalis  ( Pyraustinae).  [4]  63:  50.  *Mc- 
Dunnough,  J. — A  new  race  of  Sphinx  gordius.  [4]  63:  73. 
*Meyrick,  E. —  (See  Zerny  under  General).  (S).  *Niepelt, 
W. — Neue  formen  exotischer  Lepidopteren.  (S).  [18]  24: 
485-486.  Shepard,  H.  H. — Additions  and  corrections  to 
Lindsay's  "Types  of  Hesperioid  genera".  [7]  24:  173-176. 
Walker,  J.  J. — Notes  on  a  satyrine  butterfly  (Satyrus  azor- 
inus)  from  the  Azores.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  5:  77-81. 

DIPTERA.— Aldrich,  J.  M.— Collecting  flies  in  the  west. 
[Smiths.  Inst.]  Publ.  3111:  107-112,  ill.  Bromley,  S.  W- 
New  neotropical  Andrenosoma  (Asilidae)  [1]  57:  129-134. 
*Curran,  C.  H. — The  nearctic  species  of  the  Nemestrinid 
genus  Rhynchocephalus.  [4]  63 :  68-72.  Curran,  C.  H.— 
New  species  of  Chrysopilus  from  the  Neotropical  region 
(Rhagionidae).  [40]'  462:  9pp.  *Edwards,  F.  W.— New 
neotropical  nematocerous  Diptera.  (S).  [75]  7:  255-261. 
*Hall,  D.  G. — New  North  American  Sarcophagidae.  [7]  24: 
181-182,  ill.  Mukerji,  S. — Morphology  of  the  pharynx  of 
female  Culicoides  and  its  taxonomic  importance.  [31]  127: 
339-340,  ill.  *Parent,  O.— (See  Zerny  under  General). 
Twinn,  C.  R. — Observations  on  some  aquatic  animal  and 
plant  enemies  of  mosquitoes.  [4]  63:  51-61.  Van  Duzee, 
M.  C. — New  species  of  Dolichopodidae  taken  by  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  F.  W.  Edwards  in  South  America.  [75]  7:  243-255,  ill. 
Wu,  Y.  F. — A  contribution  to  the  biology  of  Simulium. 
[Pap.  Michigan  Acad.  Sci.  Arts  &  Letters]  13:  543-599. 

COLEOPTERA.— Bradley,  J.  C.— A  manual  of  the  gen- 
era of  beetles  of  America  north  of  Mexico.  Ithaca  1930. 
360pp.  *Bridwell,  J.  C. — Bruchidae  infesting  seeds  of  Com- 
positae,  with  descriptions  of  new  genera  and  species.  (S). 
[10]  33:  37-42.  *Fisher,  W.  S.— A  new  leaf  mining  Bu- 
prestid  from  the  Canal  Zone.  [10]  33:  42-43.  Hickman, 
J.  R. — Contribution  to  the  biology  of  the  Haliplidae.  [7]  24: 
129-142.  *Pic,  M. — Neue  exotische  Coleopteren  (Malaco- 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  145 

dermata).  (S).  [26]  11  :  77-78.  Satterthwait,  A.  F— Key  to 
known  pupae  of  the  genus  Calendra.  with  host-plant  and 
distribution  notes.  \7\  24:  143-172,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Clausen,  C.  P.— Biological  ob- 
servations on  Agriotypus.  [10]  33:  29-37,  ill.  Cockerell,  T. 
D.  A.— Rocky  Mountain  bees.  II  [40]  458:  20pp.  Compere, 
H. — A  revision  of  the  species  of  Coccophagus  a  genus  of 
hymenopterous  coccid-inhabiting  parasites.  [50]  78,  Art.  7: 
132pp.,  ill.  Parker,  H.  L. — Macrocentrus  gifuensis,  a  poly- 
embryonic  braconid  parasite  in  the  European  corn  borer. 
[U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.]  Tech.  Bull.  230:  62pp.,  ill.  Ross,  H.  H. 
— Sawrflies  of  the  sub-family  Dolerinae  of  America  north  of 
Mexico,  fill.  Biol.  Monogr.]  12:  7-116,  ill.  *Ross,  H.  H.- 
Notes  on  the  sawfly  subfamily  Tenthredininae,  with  de- 
scriptions of  new  forms.  [7]  24:  108-128. 


A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  KNOWLEDGE  OF  FLORIDA  ODONATA 
by  C.  FRANCIS  BYERS,  Ph.D..  Assistant  Professor  of  Biology, 
University  of  Florida,  University  of  Florida  Publications,  Bio- 
logical Science  Series,  Vol.  I,  No.  1,  pages  1-327,  frontispiece, 
eleven  plates  with  115  figures,  and  19  text  figures.  May,  1930. 

The  above  publication  is  Dr.  layers'  thesis  for  his  doctorate 
at  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  as  the  title  states,  is  a 
contribution  to  a  knowledge  of  Florida  ( )donata,  and  it  must 
be  judged  on  that  basis  rather  than  as  a  handbook,  though  its 
subject  matter  includes  all  the  essentials  of  a  handbook  except 
an  index  and  glossary. 

"This,  then,  is  the  problem  the  author  has  set  for  himself- 
an  investigation  of  the  Odonata  of  the  State  of  Florida:  (1) 
to  determine  the  species  of  dragonllies  found  therein,  and  to 
write  keys  and  descriptions  of  them;  (2)  to  determine  the  life 
histories  and  habits  of  as  many  of  these  species  as  it  is  pos- 
sible or  feasible:  (3)  to  analyze  the  state  as  an  environmental 
area — geologic,  geographic,  climatologic  and  biotic — and  to 
speculate  upon  the  effect  of  these  factors  on  the  occurrence, 
distribution,  and  migration  of  Florida  species  of  Odonata." 
Against  this  problem  Dr.  Byers  marshalls  his  data  with  ini- 
tiative, skill,  and  logic  in  an  altogether  creditable  and  often 
original  manner.  Xo  other  state  in  the  Union  offers  more 
definitely  "an  environmental  area"  favorably  situated  to  give 
clean  cut  answers  to  his  questions  than  the  state  he  selected 
for  his  study. 

Part  I  is  an  annotated  list  of  the  Odonata  of  Florida;  first, 


146  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

those  collected  or  identified  by  the  author ;  second,  reliable 
records  by  others ;  and  third,  questionable  records.  For  gen- 
eral reasons  and  particularly  since  the  book  has  no  index,  it 
might  have  been  better  to  have  included  the  subject  matter  of 
Part  I,  Part  II,  and  3  (Ecological  observations  on  species  of 
Florida  Odonata)  under  Part  III,  in  one  part  under  each 
species.  For  example,  to  obtain  the  information  Dr.  Byers 
has  brought  together  on  Taclwptcryx  thoreyi  in  Florida  one 
must  refer  to  pages  11,  43,  and  242-244. 

In  the  light  of  our  present  knowledge,  the  sequence  of 
families  and  subfamilies  proposed  by  de  Selys  in  1895  and  gen- 
erally used  since  then,  sometimes  with  minor  changes,  seems 
preferable  to  that  used  by  Dr.  Byers  in  the  present  paper. 

The  first  two  lists  of  the  Annotated  List  gives  a  total  for 
the  state  of  105  species  but  the  three  Trameas  on  page  17  prob- 
ably need  verification.  In  a  letter  of  October  21,  1930,  Dr. 
Byers  writes  me  that  Erythrpdi.pl a. \'  innbrata  taken  by  himself 
in  both  Dade  and  Alachua  Counties,  should  be  transferred 
from  List  II  to  List  I,  and  to  the  latter  list  he  now  adds 
Macroinia  gcorgina,  SomatocJilora  lincaris,  Lestcs  rcctangularis, 
and  Tclebasis  sah>a.  The  last  species  was  also  taken  in  Florida 
by  Jesse  11.  Williamson  in  1921,  who  in  the  same  year  took 
Orjhcinis  fcrnigiuea  at  Miami,  and  MacrodiplasL  balteata  at 
Fort  Myers  and  Enterprise.  If  Ischnitra  crcdula  is  not  a 
synonym  of  /.  ratnburii,  the  Florida  specimens  listed  under 
these  two  names  almost  certainly  belong  to  one  species. 

Dr.  Byers  lists  a  total  of  1592  specimens  studied,  but  the 
total  of  males,  females,  and  nymphs  is  only  1527.  This  is 
probably  to  be  explained  by  duplication  in  counting  a  reared 
nymph  as  two  specimens.  The  ratio  of  males  (697)  to  females 
(618)  is  remarkable  and  indicates  that  many  specimens  were 
taken  at  a  distance  from  water.  But  still  more  remarkable  is 
the  ratio  of  species  (91)  to  the  number  of  adults  collected 
(1315).  At  first  I  thought  Dr.  Byers  might  have  identified  in 
the  field  and  collected  or  saved  only  those  he  found  of  interest 
but  such  is  evidently  not  the  case  as  the  following  facts  will 
show.  Agrion  dimidiatum  from  four  counties  is  represented 
by  only  13  specimens,  while  A.  ma-culatum  from  two  counties 
is  represented  by  77  specimens.  Both  species  are  easily  recog- 
nized in  the  field.  Of  fourteen  species  of  Enallagma,  two 
species  account  for  fifty  per  cent  of  all  the  Enallagmas  col- 
lected, and  nine  species  are  represented  by  8  or  fewer  speci- 
mens each.  Of  the  Gomphines,  with  ten  species  represented 
by  a  total  of  65  specimens,  two  species  account  for  44  of  these, 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  147 

seven  species  have  each  4  or  fewer  specimens,  and  four  are 
represented  each  by  a  single  specimen.  The  story  is  about  the 
same  in  the  Aeshnines  with  nine  species  and  70  specimens ;  two 
species  account  for  42  of  these  and  five  species  are  represented 
each  by  3  or  fewer  specimens.  In  the  Libellulines  with  twenty- 
seven  species  and  461  specimens,  four  species  account  for  over 
fifty-five  percent  of  the  specimens  and  for  nearly  twelve  per- 
cent of  all  the  material  studied  and  representing  ninety-one 
species.  There  are  35  more  specimens  of  Pacliydipla.v  lonyi- 
pcnnis  and  Erythcinis  siinplii'icollis  together  than  all  the  Gom- 
phines  and  Aeshnines: — Ttndof  these  two  common  Libellulines, 
generally  easily  recognized  in  the  field,  there  are  more  speci- 
mens than  there  are  specimens  of  the  fourteen  species  of 
Enalhujnia,  which  are  not  always  determinable  until  collected 
and  studied,  especially  when  the  fauna  is  new  to  the  collector. 
All  this  suggests  that  there  are  in  the  state  a  few  species  of 
wide  geographic  and  seasonal  range,  and  many  other  species 
much  more  local  and  on  the  wing  for  briefer  seasons.  Because 
of  this,  Dr.  Byers  sampling  here  and  there  all  over  the  state 
at  different  seasons,  was  able  to  record  ninety-one  species, 
represented  by  so  relatively  few  specimens.  I  do  not  think  his 
general  results  or  conclusions  are  in  any  way  invalidated  by 
this  limited  material,  but  his  "Florida  Biotic  Areas"  and  his 
"Ecological  observations  on  species  of  Florida  Odonata"  must 
be  read  with  this  point  in  mind. 

During  its  ontogeny  the  imago  dragonfly  may  undergo  many 
color  changes  and  at  every  point  these  colors  may  be  varied 
or  even  changed  by  environmental  factors.  In  a  long  series  of 
dried  specimens  of  one  species  everyone  knows  the  different 
and  unpredictable  changes  which  take  place.  So  I  think  Dr. 
Byers'  attempt  to  describe  the  colors  of  dragonflies  in  terms 
of  Ridgway  (see  page  20,  second  paragraph  above  the  key)  is 
likely  to  be  confusing,  if  not  misleading,  in  most  cases.  It 
certainly  would  be  done,  but  in  each  species  it  would  involve 
an  amount  of  work  and  of  material  far  beyond  the  scope  of 
Dr.  Byers'  thesis.  With  this  slight  criticism  the  taxonomy  of 
the  Florida  Odonata  is  very  well  done,  with  a  commendable 
approach  to  uniformity  of  treatment  and  with  a  key  which 
looks  as  if  it  would  function.  \Yhy  the  total  length,  as  a 
cardinal  measurement,  should  be  generally,  but  not  always, 
substituted  for  the  old  length  of  abdomen  is  not  clear,  as  it 
involves  more  parts  which  may  be  lost,  crushed  or  jammed  out 
of  position;  and  I  see  no  advantage  in  dropping  the  seventy- 
five  year  old  custom  of  measuring  the  hind  wing  to  begin 


148  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

measuring  the  front  wing.  In  the  same  way  the  terminology 
for  thoracic  stripes,  especially  of  Gomphines,  introduced  in 
Needham's  Handbook,  is,  I  think,  not  as  good  as  the  old 
terminology,  and  in  using  it  Dr.  Byers  has  introduced  some 
confusion.  For  example,  on  page  22,  the  Roman  numerals  I 
and  II  designate  dark  stripes,  while  on  pages  45  and  55  Roman 
numerals  are  used  for  pale  stripes  of  the  same  species,  though 
at  least  once,  as,  for  example,  in  describing  Gomphiis  australis 
on  page  56,  Roman  numerals  in  either  sense  are  abandoned, 
and  the  older  and  preferable  terminology  is  employed. 

In  the  second  line  from  the  bottom  on  page  20,  following 
irings  insert  -usually.  Rubric  2  on  page  21  is  not  true  through- 
out the  family  as  some  Aeshnines  and  Gomphines  have  no 
brace  vein.  On  page  22,  the  first  sentence  of  the  second  sec- 
tion of  rubric  18  does  not  agree  with  the  second  section  of 
rubric  24.  In  the  second  sentence  of  both  sections  of  rubric  18, 
Dr.  Byers  uses  upper  and  lower  sectors  of  the  arculus  cor- 
rectly, but  beginning  on  page  67  and  continuing  through  the 
discussion  of  the  Aeshnines  the  terms  are  not  correctly  used. 
The  position  of  Nannathemis  among  the  Cordulines  in  the  key 
might  have  been  advantageously  avoided.  On  page  24,  line 
fifteen  from  bottom,  for  69  read  67.  In  the  first  section  of 
rubric  49,  change  LibcUula  to  bold  face  to  correspond  with 
other  genera  in  the  key.  The  second  section  of  the  same  rubric 
is  incorrect  or  ambiguous.  In  rubric  52  "brown"  is  not  in 
Ridgway  and  in  any  case  is  hardly  applicable  to  auripennis, 
and  the  "purple"  of  Ridgway  is  too  vivid  to  apply  to  jcsscana. 
The  first  section  of  rubric  60  is  not  diagnostic  for  the  species 
placed  under  it ;  there  is  obviously  some  confusion  in  the  key 
in  the  second  section  of  rubric  61  and  rubrics  63  and  64; 
Erythrodiplax  ininuscitlct  and  bcrcnicc  have  each  less  than  11- 
17  antenodals ;  and  the  key  does  not  run  out  to  Erythrodiplax 
as  it  should.  The  handling  of  the  sexes  of  Hctaerina  in  rubrics 
76  and  77  is  not  in  conformity  with  and  not  as  good  as  the 
handling  of  Lestcs  and  other  genera.  Apparently  the  first 
section  of  rubric  96  should  be  combined  with  the  second  sec- 
tion of  95  or  omitted,  and  the  second  section  of  96  should  be 
omitted.  In  the  second  section  of  rubric  106,  "color  predomi- 
nantly light  yellow"  applies  only  to  males  and  the  same  quali- 
fication should  be  made  on  pages  189  and  190  where  the 
description  of  the  adult  female  applies  only  to  tenerals.  In  the 
second  section  of  rubric  108,  "the  stigma  uniform  in  color" 
does  not  apply  to  the  stigma  of  the  front  wing  of  mnibnrii 
and  crcdula.  On  page  38  there  is  some  sort  of  evidence  for 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  149 

taking  dcplanata  and  lydia  out  of  Libcllula,  and  had  this  been 
done  the  key  might  have  been  arranged  to  run  out  to  Libcllula 
which  could  then  have  been  treated  as  are  Erythrodiplax , 
Trained,  and  Pantala.  On  page  39,  second  section  of  rubric  66, 
Ischnura  should  be  in  bold  face. 

On  page  41,  third  line,  for  psi  read  upsilon.  On  the  same 
page  it  is  hardly  correct  to  say  that  the  author  has  a  list  of 
119  species  for  Florida.  Counting  the  four  additions  since 
the  book  was  published,  the  list  is  about  106-109.  And  the 
statement  in  the  last  sentence  on  the  same  page  is  too  broad. 
Dr.  Calvert  has  called  my  attention  to  an  assertion  by  Hagen, 
Stet.  Ent.  Zeit.,  XIV,  page  100,  1853,  that  the  first  author  to 
describe  and  figure  nymphs  was  Rondelet  in  1555  (see  first 
paragraph,  page  41). 

The  arduous  task  of  describing  the  Florida  dragonflies  in 
detail  has  been  well,  and.  in  general,  uniformly  done  by  Dr. 
Byers.  If  a  general  criticism  may  be  permitted  it  seems  to 
me  that  repetition  in  the  text  of  characters  well  stated  in  the 
preceding  key  is  hardly  worth  the  effort.  For  example,  page 
21,  rubric  2.  "Stigma  with  a  brace  vein  at  its  proximal  end" 
is  repeated  in  substance  on  page  42  (Acshnidac}  ;  on  page  45 
(Gomphinac}  ;  and  again  on  the  same  page  (Ncgomphoidcs}. 
And,  as  another  example,  on  page  54,  every  character  but  one 
in  the  first  paragraph  is  repeated  in  the  last  paragraph  on  the 
same  page.  In  this  connection  the  general  question  might  be 
raised  whether  or  not  a  description,  based  on  a  few  specimens, 
of  a  well-known  and  widely  distributed  species,  is  worth  the 
arduous  labor  involved. 

On  page  42  the  second  paragraph  might  be  questioned.  In 
the  first  paragraph  under  Petalurinae,  "Selys"  should  be  en- 
closed in  parentheses,  if  one  is  going  to  use  them  at  all  in  this 
connection.  On  page  45,  last  line  in  the  second  paragraph, 
for  arc  two  read  is  an  undcscribcd.  On  page  51,  second  line, 
for  short  read  long.  On  page  53,  last  line,  Dr.  Calvert  has 
called  my  attention  to  the  fact  that  Hagen  (Trans.  Am.  Ent. 
Soc.  XI I,  p.  255,  1885)  described  a  reared  nymph.  On  page 
56,  under  australis,  for  H.  winy  read  F.  winy.  On  page  70, 
lines  5  and  4  from  bottom,  the  wings  in  females,  in  addition 
to  color  described  by  Dr.  Byers,  may  be  entirely  clear  or  may 
have  the  basal  area  pale  and  the  more  distal  part  suffused.  Dr. 
Byers'  discussion  on  pages  82  and  83  has  probably  not  taken 
the  Oriental  fauna  enough  into  account,  and  his  use  of  Cor- 
dulegasteridae  differs  materially  from  that  of  Fraser,  1929. 
On  page  83,  tenth  line  from  bottom,  for  Cordnlcyastcr  read 


150  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

Thecaphora,  and  omit  the  parentheses  around  Selys ;  eighth  line 
from  bottom,  for  C.  read  Acshna;  and  in  seventh  line  from 
top,  on  page  84,  make  same  change  for  Cordulegastcr.  On 
page  87,  thirteenth  line  from  bottom,  for  1830  read  1839.  Dr. 
Byers'  undetermined  Ncurocordulia,  pages  98  and  99,  may  as 
well  prove  to  be  elara  as  any  of  the  species  he  mentions.  On 
pages  100  and  101,  the  lengths  given  for  T.  pctcchialis  and 
T.  stclla  are  surely  those  of  abdomens  and  not  of  entire  insects. 

On  page  104,  eleventh  line  from  bottom,  for  seven  read 
eight;  on  the  same  page,  third  line  from  bottom,  for  two  read 
eleven;  and  in  second  line  from  bottom  for  New  World  read 
North  America,  since  five  genera  of  this  tribe  occur  in  the 
New  World.  Referring  to  the  last  line  in  the  first  paragraph, 
page  137,  Dr.  Calvert  has  called  my  attention  to  a  description 
by  himself  in  Univ.  Iowa  Stud.  Nat.  Hist.  XII,  No.  2,  page  25. 
1928;  and  in  the  same  paper,  pages  30-35,  nymphs  of  several 
species  of  Erythcmis  are  discussed  (see  3rd  paragraph,  page 
141).  The  description  of  DytJiemis  rnfinervis,  pages  143  and 
144,  may  prove  misleading  and  this  is  especially  true  of  that 
of  the  female,  which  does  not  agree  with  any  specimens  I  have 
seen. 

On  page  152,  the  second  sentence  in  the  first  paragraph, 
some  Zygoptera  rest  with  horizontal  wings.  In  the  second 
paragraph  on  page  154,  the  second  sentence  would  probably 
be  clearer  as  follows :  Wings  usually  paler  brown  in  color ; 
stigma  white.  On  page  163  in  the  first  line  of  the  third  para- 
graph "about  six"  would  be  nearer  right  than  "two".  In  the 
sixth  line  of  the  same  paragraph  for  Cocnagrionidac  read 
Cocnagrioninae.  On  page  164,  first  paragraph,  first  line,  for 
family  read  subfamily;  and  the  largest  species  of  the  Lestinae 
do  not  belong  to  the  genus  Lcstcs.  On  page  175,  last  sen- 
tence in  third  paragraph  is  incorrect.  On  page  179  seventh 
line,  for  Phylo genetically  read  Morphologicall\. 

Dr.  Byers  gives  an  excellent  account  of  the  geology,  physical 
geography,  and  climate  of  Florida,  but  I  am  unable  to  see  that 
he  shows  any  relation  of  the  first  of  these  to  the  present 
dragonfly  fauna,  which  it  seems,  as  far  as  definite  conclusions 
are  possible,  is  entirely  dependent  on  the  present  geography 
and  climate,  the  vital  points  of  which  are  the  proximity  of  the 
northern  continental  land  mass,  the  narrowness  and  incom- 
pleteness of  barriers  separating  it  from  tropical  areas,  the 
present  climate,  and  the  diverse  aquatic  habitats  within  the 
state.  To  be  specific,  what  has  geology  to  do  with  the  dis- 


H,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  151 

tribution  in  North  America  of  Tachoptcry.r  thoreyi  and  Nan- 
nothemis  bclla? 

Any  attempt  to  associate  certain  dragonflies  with  "natural 
ecological  areas  based  principally  on  the  dominant  type  of  vege- 
tation" is,  I  believe,  futile  in  the  case  of  Florida  hammocks  and 
coniferous  forests  (page  226).  Prolonged  collecting  there 
would  show,  as  casual  visitors,  all  the  Florida  dragonflies  which 
do  not  confine  themselves  as  adults  to  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  their  nymphal  homes,  and  this  means  many  of  the  Anisop- 
tera  and  some  of  the  Zygoptera.  A  discussion  of  major  or 
typical  habitats  if  it  is  to  be  exact  in  detail  must  be  based 
probably  entirely  on  nymphal  life,  and  when  adults  are  con- 
sidered their  teneral  life  will  probably  be  of  the  most  signifi- 
cance. Take  an  extreme  case  in  adult  life  to  make  this  point 
clear :  What  can  be  said  of  the  habitat  of  a  dragonfly  which 
circles  a  pool  of  waste  oil  at  an  oil  pumping  station,  congre- 
gates in  great  numbers  over  rain-flooded  cornfields,  frequents 
dredged  ditches  and  abandoned  gravel  pits,  hovers  over  a  farm 
yard  watering  trough  and  a  fountain  in  the  city  park, — and 
lays  eggs  in  all  of  them  ;  and  then  leaves  a  village  in  the  center 
of  a  continent,  where  it  has  been  joyously  patrolling  an  oiled 
street,  to  take  its  station  on  a  ship  five  hundred  miles  from 
land?  In  any  case  a  town  can  hardly  be  considered  a  "highly 
artificial  habitat"  (page  241,  in  last  line  of  which  for  hifida 
read  ncrvosa}. 

On  page  242  Dr.  Byers  takes  up  a  discussion  of  the  ecology 
of  Florida  dragonflies  and  here  he  is  at  his  best,  telling  his 
story  clearly  and  vividly,  and  describing  the  previously  un- 
known nymphs  of  seven  species.  In  some  cases  observations 
are  not  numerous  enough  to  warrant  the  drawing  of  general 
conclusions.  My  own  experience  has  been  that  in  many  cases 
I  find  the  greatest  difficulty  in  arriving  -at  such  conclusions  in 
dealing  with  species  which  I  observe  oftenest,  and  this  is  espe- 
cially true  of  the  Anisoptera.  After  over  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury I  cannot  tell  a  "good"  Macromia  day.  So  comments  on 
and  discussions  of  Dr.  Byers'  observations  could  be  prolonged 
to  great  lengths.  To  mention  one  case,  his  first  sentence  under 
I'^idcsclina  hcros,  page  256,  contains  statements  of  habits  which 
are  entirely  different  from  those  which  have  come  under  my 
own  limited  observations  of  this  species. 

Under  the  discussion  of  fossil  ( )donata,  page  270.  Dr.  Byers 
ha.->  apparently  overlooked  the  latest  work  of  Kennedy  and 
Tillyard  in  which  the  conclusion  reached  as  to  the  phylogeny 
of  the  Zygoptera  is  exactly  the  opposite  of  that  stated  on  page 


152  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '31 

271.  On  page  272,  in  the  phylogehetic  diagram,  I  do  not  know 
why  Neotropic  is  placed  in  parentheses  under  Epallaginae  as 
the  subfamily  occurs  in  every  region  but  the  Nearctic,  and  is 
best  represented  in  the  Oriental. 

The  fossil  record  unfortunately  is  insufficient  for  any 
choi  ological  discussion,  as  denned  by  Dr.  Byers,  of  the  present 
dragonfly  fauna  of  Florida.  On  the  other  hand,  when  discuss- 
ing the  present  Florida  fauna  and  its  relations  to  dragonfly 
faunas  adjacent  to  it.  Dr.  Byers  is  again  on  solid  ground,  and 
he  has  accumulated  and  presented  his  extensive  data  in  a  mas- 
terly way.  Certainly  his  classification  of  certain  species  as 
nearctic,  neotropic,  and  endemic  invites  discussion  which  may 
result  in  some  changes.  His  use  of  the  word  "endemic"  is  not 
in  the  generally  accepted  sense,  and  may  be  translated  appar- 
ently as  "originating  in",  as  for  example  in  Groups  C  and  D 
at  the  bottom  of  page  276.  The  five  species  listed  under  C, 
page  275,  should  be  checked  by  the  reader  against  the  Anno- 
tated List,  pages  11-17.  On  page  274,  at  the  right  of  the 
diagram,  transpose  ncotropica  and  ncarctica. 

The  final  pages  (282-302)  of  the  text  discuss  very  completely 
and  suggestively  the  "Factors  of  Distribution",  with  enough 
general  and  controversial  matter  included  to  arouse  the  interest 
of  the  general  reader.  There  are  two  or  three  minor  mistakes 
to  which  attention  might  be  called  :  on  page  285,  second  para- 
graph, male  Zygoptera  do  not  hold  the  female  by  the  head ; 
on  page  285  and  290,  copulation  in  mid-air  is  rare  or  accidental 
and  I  am  not  sure  it  is  universal  for  even  a  single  specie's ; 
and  on  page  290,  endophytic  oviposition  occurs  in  other  loca- 
tions than  living  aquatic  vegetation. 

The  basis  for  the  arrangement  of  titles  in  the  bibliography 
and  for  the  separation  of  titles  into  Parts  I  and  II,  is  not 
clear.  And  the  arrangement  is  not  good,  unless  there  is  some 
reason  for  it  which  I  have  overlooked.  The  fourteen  Florida 
habitat  photographs,  figures  102-115.  illustrate  beautifully 
many  of  the  extremely  diverse  habitats  in  which  it  was  Dr. 
Byers'  good  fortune  and  pleasure  to  collect,  observe,  and 
philosophize. — E.  B.  WILLIAMSON. 


OBITUARY. 

Prof.  JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  emeritus  professor  of  entom- 
ology at  Cornell  University,  died  at  Ithaca  on  March  20,  alter 
a  prolonged  illness.  He  was  born  February  24,  1849. 


JUNE,  1931 

•^^.>>- 

J-;.-^ 


OLOGICAL  NE-1& 


Vol.  XLII 


No.  6 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 


CONTENTS 

Finch— Professor  John  Henry  Comstock 153 

Williams — On  Some  Northern  Lepidoptera  Rhopalocera 157 

Thomas — The  Predatory  Enemies  of  Elateridae  (Coleoptera) .  .        .    .  158 

Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  to  go  to  Africa 167 

Cresson — Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and   Species  of  the  Dipterous 

Family  Ephydridae.     Paper  X 168 

Severin— More  about  Bites  by  Aphis  Lions  (Neur.  :  Chrysopidae) .  .    .  171 

To  Authors  of  Papers  Published  in  the  News 171 

Entomological  Literature 172 

Review — Vignon's  Introduction  a  la  Biologie  Experimental 176 

Obituary — Professor  James  Stewart  Hine 177 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES.  - 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January  15,  1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert.  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors. 

Advisory   Committee:     Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.   G   Rehn.    Chas.   Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 
The  sibscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 

United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .  ....  3.15 

Foreign  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:     Full  width  of  page.     Payments  in  advance 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub 
scriptions,  non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  bt 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com 
munications  to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted ;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
slated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June. 
July.  August.  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies.  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numbers 
of  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLII.  JUNE,   1931  No.  6 

Professor  John  Henry  Comstock. 

JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  82,  professor  emeritus  of  entomol- 
ogy, Cornell  University,  died  at  3:30  o'clock  of  the  morning 
of  March  20,  1931,  at  his  home,  123  Roberts  Place,  Ithaca, 
New  York,  where  he  had  been  confined  since  1927  by  illness 
following  a  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

John  Henry  Comstock  was  the  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Susan 
Allen  Comstock.  Born  in  Janesville,  Wis.,  one  of  the  outposts 
of  the  march  westward,  on  February  24,  1849,  a  year  after 
Wisconsin  had  been  admitted  to  the  Union,  John  Henry 
Comstock  wras  an  infant  when  his  father  was  lured  to  Cali- 
fornia by  the  story  of  the  discovery  of  gold  and  died  of 
cholera  en  route.  The  boy's  mother,  who  belonged  to  the  family 
of  Ethan  Allen,  returned  with  him  to  her  native  state,  New 
York,  and  made  an  heroic  struggle  to  support  him,  but  she 
was  finally  forced  to  place  her  son  in  a  public  home.  He  was 
later  taken  by  a  family  which,  though  not  affluent,  could  at  least 
give  him  enough  to  eat,  and,  as  the  people  about  him  were 
for  the  most  part  sailors,  he,  too.  became  at  16  a  sailor  on  the 
Great  Lakes. 

Although  he  received  a  certain  amount  of  formal  schooling, 
he  was  largely  self-educated,  and  when  he  found  in  a  book- 
store a  copy  of  Harris'  "Insects  Injurious  to  Vegetation,"  he- 
added  to  his  love  of  botany  an  interest  in  entomology,  for  he 
bought  the  book  with  money  borrowed  from  his  shipmates,  and 
so  inaugurated  his  library. 

At  20  he  was  ready  to  enter  college,  and  decided  on  the  new 
institution.  Cornell  I'niversitv,  on  the  shores  of  Cayuga  Lake, 
where  he  could  work  his  way.  1  le  also  found  inspiring  teachers 
and  kindred  spirits  among  the  students. 

John  Henry  Comstock  was  one  of  the  creators  of  Cornell 
University,  for  in  a  very  real  sense  his  life  has  been  built  into 
that  of  the  institution.  At  Cornell  he  was  among  the  early 


153 


154  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,   '31 

students,  entering  in  1869,  the  year  after  the  University  opened, 
becoming  an  instructor  while  still  an  undergraduate,  and  gradu- 
ating with  the  degree  of  B.S.  in  1874.  At  Cornell  he  taught 
for  more  than  40  years,  and  at  Cornell  he  literally  created  the 
Department  of  Entomology  which  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the 
best  in  the  country. 

A  colleague,  Prof.  S.  H.  Gage,  has  stated  in  an  historical 
sketch  of  Professor  Comstock  that  he  gave  personal  instruction 
to  more  than  5,000  students  from  the  year  1872,  when  he  began 
as  an  undergraduate  to  give  lectures  in  entomology,  to  the  time 
of  his  retirement  in  1914.  It  is  safe  to  add  that  practically 
every  one  of  these  found  his  or  her  way  at  some  time  to  the 
Comstock  home  and  enjoyed  its  hospitality.  The  total  includes 
at  least  50  of  his  advanced  students  who  have  become  state  or 
national  entomologists  or  professors  of  entomology  or  zoology 
in  various  colleges  and  experiment  stations.  Among  these  is 
Dr.  Leland  O.  Howard,  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology 
of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 

When  Professor  Comstock  began  his  work  at  Cornell  he 
constituted  the  Department  of  Entomology.  He  was  lec- 
turer, instructor  in  the  field,  and  assistant  in  the  laboratory. 
Room  and  facilities  were  also  meager.  When  he  retired  41 
years  later  the  department  had  a  magnificent  material  equip- 
ment and  a  staff  of  31,  including  five  professors. 

The  Comstock  Memorial  Library  was  given  to  Cornell  at 
the  time  of  his  retirement,  by  his  former  students,  who  pre- 
sented to  him  a  fund  of  $2,500  which  was  in  turn  passed  on  by 
him  to  the  University.  On  that  occasion  the  chimes  were 
played  in  his  honor,  for  he  was  chime  master  in  1872-73  and 
had  arranged  several  of  the  scores  played,  at  the  request  of 
the  donor  of  the  bells,  Jennie  McGraw.  This  is  only  one  in- 
dication of  the  multitude  of  small  as  well  as  great  services 
which  John  Henry  Comstock  has  performed  for  Cornell.  It  is 
also  said  that  he  helped  to  build  with  his  own  hands  one  of 
the  original  University  buildings,  that  in  which  he  later  gave 
his  first  lectures. 

Professor  Gage  tells  the  story  of  how  the   Department  of 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  155 

Entomology  came  into  being.  In  tbe  Spring  of  1872,  13  of 
Professor  Comstock's  college  mates  petitioned  the  faculty  to 
permit  him  to  give  them  a  course  in  entomology  that  term. 
The  request  was  granted,  and  from  that  day  on  the  work  in 
entomology  at  Cornell  has  followed  the  plan  which  he  insti- 
tuted. Graduated  in  18/4  from  Cornell  University  with  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science,  he  studied  as  a  graduate  stu- 
dent in  1874-5  at  Harvard  and  at  the  University  of  Leipzig 
in  1888-9. 

In  1878  he  married  Anna  Botsford,  then  his  fellow-student 
at  Cornell,  whom  he  outlived  by  but  six  months  after  more 
than  50  years  of  work  in  common. 

Professor  Comstock  taught  at  Cornell  till  1879  when  he  be- 
came entomologist  for  the  federal  government  at  \Yashington. 
Returning  in  1881  to  Cornell,  he  served  here  as  professor  of 
entomology  and  invertebrate  zoology  until  1914  when  he  be- 
came professor  emeritus. 

In  1877  he  was  lecturer  on  zoology  at  Vassar  College  and 
from  1891  to  1900  non-resident  professor  of  entolomology  at 
Leland  Stanford  University. 

In  1891  President  David  Starr  Jordan  of  Leland  Stanford 
University  asked  Professor  Comstock  to  organize  a  Depart- 
ment of  Entomology  at  Stanford,  similar  to  that  at  Cornell  and 
he  undertook  the  work  in  his  vacations  from  1891  to  1900. 
President  Jordan  had  been  one  of  the  students  who  petitioned 
the  Cornell  faculty  in  1872  for  that  beginning  course  in 
entomology. 

Professor  Comstock's  books  are  all  widely  known  and  much 
used.  Many  of  them  are  illustrated  with  beautiful  wood  cuts 
made  by  his  wife,  Anna  Botsford  Comstock,  herself  for  many 
years  a  professor  of  nature  study  at  Cornell.  Their  home  in 
Ithaca  and  the  enthusiastic  devotion  with  which  they  worked 
and  taught  have  proved  an  inspiration  to  many  generations  of 
Cornell  students. — CATHERINE  FINCH  in  Ithaca  Journal-Xc'^-s 
of  March  20,  1931. 

Prof.  Comstock,  at  the-  time  of  his  death,  was  OIK-  of  two 
Americans  holding  honorary  fellowships  in  the  Entomological 


156  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,   '31 

Society  of  London,  was  a  member  of  the  entomological  soci- 
eties of  France  and  of  Belgium,  honorary  fellow  of  the  En- 
tomological Societies  of  America  and  of  Ontario,  and  of  the 
Fourth  International  Entomological  Congress,  corresponding 
member  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia 
and  of  the  American  Entomological  Society,  member  of  the 
American  Societies  of  Naturalists  and  of  Zoologists,  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  of  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences. 

Readers  of  the  NEWS  will  find  in  its  volumes  notices  of  some 
of  his  more  important  writings  as  they  appeared ;  thus  vol.  iv, 
no.  10,  Dec.,  1893,  pp.  334-5,  contains  a  notice  of  his  Evolution 
and  Ta.ronomy;  the  first  edition  of  his  and  Mrs.  Comstock's 
Manual  for  the  Study  of  Insects  is  reviewed  in  vol.  vi,  p.  163, 
May,  1895,  the  nineteenth  edition  in  xli,  p.  273,  Oct.,  1930; 
The  Elements  of  Insect  Anatomy,  with  V.  L.  Kellogg  (vi,  p. 
268,  Oct.,  1895),  3rd  edition  (xiii,  p.  21,  Jan.,  '02)  ;  Insect  Life 
(viii,  p.  226,  Nov.,  1897);  The  Wings  of  Insects,  with  J.  G. 
Needham  (ix,  p.  75,  etc.,  Mar.  ct  aL,  1898;  The  Skeleton  of 
the  Head  of  Insects,  with  C.  Kochi  (xiii,  p.  55,  Feb.,  '02)  ; 
Spider  Book  (xxiv,  p.  35,  Jan.,  1913)  ;  The  U'ings  of  Insects 
(xxx,  p.  148,  May,  1919)  ;  An  Introduction  to  Entomology, 
Part  I  (xxxi,  p.  208,  July,  1920)  ;  the  same,  first  complete 
edition,  Parts  I  &  II  (xxxvi,  p.  94,  Mar.,  1925).  Another 
of  his  books,  written  jointly  with  Mrs.  Comstock,  was  How  to 
Know  the  Butterflies  (1904). 

Mr.  Phil  Ran  writes  to  the  Editor :  "I  am  enclosing  an  edi- 
torial on  Dr.  Comstock,  clipped  from  the  St.  Louis  Post  Dis- 
pa-tch  of  March  28.  Since  it  is  very  seldom  that  a  great  daily 
gives  editorial  space  to  an  entomologist,  I  thought  perhaps  you 
would  like  to  reproduce  the  article  in  the  NEWS."  This  edi- 
torial follows : 

THE  AMERICAN  FABRE. 

Not  every  American  boy  knew  of  John  Henry  Comstock, 
but  he  led  thousands  of  them  in  one  of  the  most  fascinating 
branches  of  nature  study.  For  where  is  there  a  boy  who  has 
not  sat  entranced  watching  a  yellow-bodied  spider  build  a  web, 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  157 

or  darted  in  the  sun  from  hollyhock  to  peony  after  spangled- 
winged  butterflies,  or  chased  lightning  bugs  across  the  lawn  on 
summer  evenings,  or  spread  out  under  a  tree  to  watch  life  at 
an  ant  hill,  the  goings  out  and  the  comings  in  and  the  polite 
to-do  of  social  amenities  in  that  absorbing  world?  Thus  John 
Henry  Comstock  was  related  to  all  boydom.  He  spent  most 
of  his  82  years  finding  out  about  insects.  Entomologists  today 
look  back  on  his  pioneering  work  at  Cornell  University  as  the 
beginning  of  insect  study,  both  scientific  and  popular,  in  this 
country.  His  wife  was  the  late  Anna  Botsford  Comstock, 
natural  history  artist  and  wood  engraver,  with  whom  he  did 
much  of  his  work.  Together  they  led  many  an  American  of 
a  machine  age  under  the  open  sky  and  into  a  fuller  appreciation 
of  the  world  outside  the  door. 

(A  biographical  notice  of  Mrs.  Comstock  was  published  in  the  NEWS 
for  October,  1930,  pp.  277-279,  and  portraits  of  her  and  her  husband  in 
the  issue  for  April,  1930,  Plate  X.). 


On  Some  Northern  Lepidoptera  Rhopalocera. 

Dr.  Samuel  C.  Palmer,  of  Swarthmore  College,  has  given  us 
a  small  series  of  Lepidopterous  insects  for  identification,  which, 
he  captured  in  Baffinland  and  Labrador  while  he  was  botanist 
on  the  Bowdoin-Baffinland  Expedition  of  1929.  A  short  ac- 
count of  the  localities  and  conditions  under  which  they  were 
collected  was  published  by  Mr.  James  A.  G.  Rehn  in  the  Febru- 
ary NEWS  for  1931,  page  33. 

The  following  were  caught  on  the  south  shore  of  Frobisher 
Bay,  Baffinland,  from  August  19th  to  August  24,  1930: 


Brenthis    iinproba    Butler..  lc?  Brenthis   tarquinius  Curtis.  2 

Brcnthis  bnllcri  Edwards.  .  2^  1?      Plcbcius  aqitilo  Boisduval.  .  2c?c? 
Brenthis  polaris   Boisduval.  1? 

The  following  were  caught  August  27th  at  Cape  Mugford, 
Labrador  : 


Colias   pclidne    Boisduval  .....  2<$<$  Ocncis  scinitlca   var.   arctica 

Colias  nastcs  Boisduval    .....  1?  Gibson    .................  lc? 

l:rcsi<i    roxsi    Curtis    .........  1$  Ocncis  nnniii   Tluinben>'    .....  lc? 

Oencis    tay</ctc    Hubner    3c?c?,    1?,  aberrant 

\<$  aberrant  .  hnirta   richardsoni  Curtis    ...  1$ 

I  believe  the  records  from  these  unusual  localities  will  be  of 
interest  to  Lepidopterists.  I  wish  to  acknowledge  the  assist- 
ance of  my  good  friend.  Dr.  \Y.  J.  Holland,  in  identifying  the 
species.  —  ROSWELL  C.  WILLIAMS,  JR.,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 


158  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '31 

The  Predatory  Enemies  of  Elateridae  (Coleoptera). 

By  C.  A.  THOMAS,  Pennsylvania  State  College. 
(Continued  from  page   140.) 

DIPTERA  ( Addition ) . 

Bromley  (1914)  listed  adults  of  Era.v  acstiians  L.  feeding 
on  a  Melaiwtus  sp.  adult,  Proiiuu'lins  Ixtstanli  Macq.,  eating 
a  Limonius  sp.  adult,  and  P.  fitchii  O.  S.  eating  Elatcr  and 
Mclanotus  adults. 

VERTEBRATE  PREDATORS. 

An  examination  of  the  food  of  various  vertebrates  indicates 
that  they  are  more  effective  wireworm  enemies  than  the  inver- 
tebrates. 

BATRACHIA. 

Toads  and  frogs  are  practically  omnivorous  with  regard  to 
their  animal  food,  but  they  are  of  some  value  in  the  natural 
control  of  elaterids,  as  is  shown  by  the  following  data;  accord- 
ing to  Kirkland  (1904),  five  percent  of  the  food  in  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-nine  toad  stomachs  examined  between  April 
and  October,  consisted  of  wireworm  beetles  and  their  allies ; 
the  U.  S.  Biological  Survey  4  furnished  the  following  data  with 
regard  to  the  elaterid  food  of  six  species  of  North  American 
toads : 

No.  of 

Stomachs      Elaterids       Found          Species  of  Elaterids 
Species  Examined       Adults       Larvae  Represented 

Bufo  amcricanus  LeC.  533  185  12  40  (Approx.)  5 

B.  boreas  B.  &  G.  370  115  16  31 

B.  zi'oodhottsci  Gir.  299  99  3  26 

B.  fmvlcri  Putnam  278  83  3  21 

B.  warinns  L.  218  46  2  11 

This  table  shows  that  toads  do  considerable  feeding  upon 
the  adult  Elaterids,  but  that  the  larvae  are  uncommon  in  their 
diet.  This  is  to  be  expected,  since  the  larvae  seldom  come 
above  ground  voluntarily,  and  those  which  were  eaten  were 
probably  picked  up  in  plow  furrows  by  the  toads.  Of  the 
species  of  adults  eaten,  those  of  the  genera  Melanotus  and 

4  The  writer  is  indebted  to  the  U.  S.  Biological  Survey  for  use  of  data 
on  the  elaterid  food  of  toads  and  birds. 

r'  Approximate,  because  some  fragments  could  not  be  identified  to  species. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  159 

Monocrepidius  were  most  frequently  represented.  Local  abun- 
dance of  species  doubtless  influences  the  frequency  of  occur- 
rence in  the  stomachs. 

Frogs  also  feed  upon  click  beetles  to  some  extent.  Hyslop 
(1916)  examined  the  stomachs  of  a  large  series  of  field  or 
leopard  frogs,  Rana  pipicns  Schr.,  collected  on  the  shores  of 
Lake  Oneida  in  New  York  State.  He  concluded  that  they 
were  of  enormous  value  in  destroying  the  adults  of  the  wheat 
wireworm.  Agriotes  mancus  Say,  when  these  beetles  were  ovi- 
positing in  the  grasslands  adjacent  to  the  lake.  Frost  (1924) 
listed  five  elaterid  species  taken  from  stomachs  of  various  frog 
species  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  Of  these,  A.  mancus 
was  frequently  eaten.  Neither  Hyslop  nor  Frost  mention  find- 
ing elaterid  larvae  in  any  of  these  stomachs.  Haber  (1926) 
did  not  note  Elaterids  or  their  larvae  in  the  stomach  contents 
of  a  series  of  the  tree  frog,  Hyla  cincra  Schn. 

Surface  (1913)  noted  Elaterids  in  the  food  of  the  follow- 
ing :  Toads :  Bufo  ainericana  LeC.  Frogs :  Hyla  vcrsicolor 
LeC. ;  Rana  pipiens  Schr.-;  R.  palnstris  LeC. ;  R.  sylvatica  Lee. ; 
and  R.  claniitans  Latr.  Salamanders:  Plcthodon  cinereus 
(Green)  ;  P.  glutinosus  (Green)  ;  Spelerpes  rubcr  (Daudin)  ; 
Diemictyius  inridesccns  (Raf.). 

REPTILIA. 

Hyslop  (1915)  stated  that  a  small  lizard,  Phrynosoma  d. 
donglasii  (Bell),  eats  large  numbers  of  adult  Elaterids  in  the 
desert  regions  of  the  Northwest.  In  Washington  State,  as  high 
as  ninety  percent  of  the  food  has  been  found  to  be  click  beetles, 
so  that  they  are  probably  a  large  part  of  the  natural  food  of 
these  lizards  at  certain  seasons.  Surface  (1907)  noted 
Elaterids  as  part  of  the  food  of  the  common  swift,  Sccloponis 
undulatus  Latr.  He  does  not  mention  them  among  the  food 
items  of  snakes  and  turtles,  although  they  doubtless  would  be 
eaten  by  snakes  if  available. 

• 

BIRDS. 

Birds  are,  no  doubt,  of  first  importance  among  the  natural 
enemies  of  wireworms.  A  large- number  of  species  feed  upon 
the  various  elaterid  stages,  the  amount  of  feeding  depending 


160  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  f  June,   '31 

upon  the  season,  the  abundance  of  the  wireworms  and  other 
factors. 

Birds  feed  on  wireworms  mostly  in  the  spring  and  early 
summer,  when  the  click  beetles  and  wireworms  are  most  active, 
when  plowing  is  in  progress,  and  when  the  young  birds  con- 
sume large  quantities  of  insects.  By  late  summer,  when  the 
young  birds  are  able  to  forage  for  themselves,  the  wireworms 
are  so  deep  in  the  soil  that  they  are  not  available  unless  deep 
cultivation  happens  to  turn  them  up  to  the  soil  surface. 

Among  the  many  writers  who  have  noted  the  value  of  birds 
as  destroyers  of  wireworms  and  click  beetles  are  Curtis  (1845), 
Wilcox  (1892),  Forbes  (1882,  1892,  1903),  Juclcl  (1901)', 
Beal  (1907,  1912a,  b,  1917),  McAtee  (1908),  Newstead 
(1908),  Collinge,  Gabrielson  (1912),  French  (1913),  Hyslop 
(1915),  Kalmbach  (1914,  1928),  Gibson  (1916),  Ford  (1917), 
Orton  and  Chittenden  (1917).  Gray  and  Wheldon,  Rymer- 
Roberts  (1919),  Baudys  (1922),  Hawkins,  Vietinghoff-Riesch 
(1928).  Hawkins  stated  that  while  birds  do  much  good  in 
controlling  insects  in  general,  and  may  be  valuable  in  wireworm 
control,  it  is  not  likely  that  they  would  become  numerous 
enough  to  clean  up  severe  infestations  of  these  pests. 

Hyslop  (1915)  listed  ninety  bird  species,  found  to  have  fed 
upon  wireworms  and  click  beetles  by  the  U.  S.  Biological  Sur- 
vey. The  1927  records  of  the  Survey  show  that  the  remains 
of  these  insects,  chiefly  of  the  beetles,  have  been  found  in  the 
stomachs  of  approximately  224  species  of  birds  in  North 
America.  Analysis  of  the  data  shows  that  these  insects  have 
been  recovered  most  frequently  from  the  stomachs  of  the  fol- 
lowing birds :  crow,  Corvus  brachyrhynchos  Brehm,  which  ate 
25  different  species  of  Elaterids,  representing  a  large  number 
of  individuals;  starling,  Sfiinnts  ntlyaris  L.,  23  species;  night- 
hawk,  Chonlcilcs  rir</inianns  Gmel.,  20  species;  robin,  Plancs- 
ticits  migratorius  L.,  20  species;  red-eyed  vireo  I'ircosylrii 
olimicea  L.,  18  species;  meadowlark,  Stnrnclla  mayna  L.,  15 
species;  magpie.  Pica  pica  L.,  blue  jay,  Cyanocitta  cristatu  L., 
and  upland  plover,  Bartramia  longicauda  Hechst.,  each  8 
species,  and  the  kingbird,  Tyrannns  lyraninis  L.,  7  species.  The 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  161 

catbird,  bluebird,  great-crested  flycatcher,  house  wren,  phoebe, 
killdeer,  bobwhite.  gulls,  English  pheasant  and  a  number  of 
other  species  have  been  found  to  contain  numerous  remains  of 
these  insects,  while  the  great  majority  of  the  bird  species  had 
eaten  only  occasional  specimens  and  are  probably  not  of  much 
value  in  the  control  of  these  insects.  The  occurrence  of  such 
remains  in  the  stomachs  of  any  species  depends  to  a  large  ex- 
tent upon  the  abundance  of  the  Elaterids  as  compared  with 
other  available  bird  food,  and  upon  the  occurrence  or  abun- 
dance of  that  bird  species  in  that  certain  locality. 

A  study  of  reports  on  the  value  of  such  birds  as  crows, 
rooks,  gulls,  pheasants,  starlings,  etc.,  as  destroyers  of  all  stages 
of  Elaterids,  provides  much  interesting  information  which 
should  be  of  some  value  to  those  who  attempt  to  balance  the 
good  with  the  supposedly  bad  food  habits  of  these  birds.  The 
food  of  crows  in  the  United  States,  and  of  the  rook,  Corvus 
frn(/ilc(/ns,  in  Europe,  has  been  quite  thoroughly  investigated, 
and  wireworms  and  click  beetles  have  been  found  as  common 
articles  of  the  diet  of  these  much  maligned  birds. 

According  to  Curtis  (1845),  rooks  fearlessly  follow  the  plow 
and  consume  immense  quantities  of  these  insects,  and  their 
crops  have  been  found  full  of  them.  Leigh  (1914)  stated  that 
wireworms  form  about  nine  percent  of  the  food  of  the  rook. 
Newstead  (1908),  Vostriknv  (1916),  Walton  (1917),  Ford 
(1917),  Gray  and  Wheldon  (1919),  and  Masaitas  (1927)  also 
noted  the  value  of  this  bird.  Eord  said  that  the  jackdaw  also 
feeds  on  these  insects. 

Concerning  the  American  crow,  Fitch  (1866)  said  that  their 
favorite  food  and  principal  sustenance  consisted  of  wireworms 
and  click  beetles.  \Yhile  this  is  rather  a  strong  statement, 
there  is  little  doubt  that  these  birds  do  cat  a  large  number  of 
such  insects.  Kalmbach  (1920)  recorded  72  wireworms  in 
the  stomach  of  a  crow  collected  in  April.  (  Hhers  who  noted 
the  value  of  crows  against  wireworms  were  Webster  (1893), 
Wilcox  (1892),  Graf  (1914),  Hawkins  (1928). 

The  European  starling,  which  is  now  so  firmly  established 
in  the  United  States,  also  devours  many  wireworms  and  other 


162  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,   '31 

soil  larvae  in  addition  to  the  adult  beetles.  It  has  often  been 
observed  following  in  the  plow  furrow,  picking  up  wireworms, 
white  grubs  and  other  pests.  Data  from  the  Biological  Sur- 
vey indicate  that  its  greatest  consumption  of  wireworms  occurs 
during  May,  with  much  less  feeding  on  them  during  the  rest 
of  the  year.  (See  Forbush,  1916,  and  Kalmbach,  1928.) 

Although  gulls  are  usually  regarded  as  more  or  less  marine 
birds,  many  of  them  also  feed  inland  on  cultivated  areas.  They 
frequently  follow  plows  in  the  same  manner  as  poultry  and 
thus  pick  up  many  soil  insects.  Graf  (1914)  found  many  in- 
dividuals of  a  species  of  Lams  feeding  in  new  plow  furrows 
in  fields  infested  with  Limonius  californicus  Mannh.  Florence 
(1915)  referred  to  the  quantities  of  wireworms  consumed  by 
various  species  of  gulls  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland.  Newstead 
( 1908)  stated  that  in  one  instance  forty-five  Agriotcs  larvae 
were  found  in  the  crop  of  a  black-headed  gull,  Larus  ridi- 
bundus,  in  England,  while  Berry  (1917)  counted  thirty-one 
wireworms  in  the  crops  of  twenty-two  nestlings  of  the  same 
species.  Ford  (1917)  also  commented  on  the  beneficial  effect 
of  gulls  against  wireworms. 

English  or  ring-necked  pheasants,  Phasianits  torquatus, 
have  been  accused  of  causing  much  damage  to  sprouting  corn 
and  some  other  crops,  but  there  is  little  doubt  that  they  also 
eat  a  large  number  of  insects, 6  Curtis  (1845)  said  that 
pheasants  and  partridges  destroy  many  wireworms  in  turnip 
and  other  fields.  Berry  (1917)  noted  that  the  crop  of  one 
pheasant  killed  in  marshy  ground  contained  nearly  two  hun- 
dred wireworms,  while  according  to  Gunther  (1917)  there  are 
excellent  reasons  for  believing  that  pheasants  are  a  valuable 
remedial  measure  on  land  infested  with  wireworms.  Estates 
on  which  they  are  preserved  are  practically  free  from  those 
insects  because  the  young  birds  are  entirely  insectivorous. 
Evershed  and  Warburton  (1918),  however,  appear  to  have 

6  Recent  data  received  through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  L.  A.  Luttringer 
Jr.,  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Game  Commission  show  the  presence  of 
elaterid  remains  in  the  stomachs  of  English  pheasants  collected  in  Penn- 
sylvania. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  163 

found  few  wireworms  in  the  crops  of  pheasants  in  England. 
Local  conditions  probably  account   for  this  difference. 

Domestic  fowls  can  do  considerable  good  in  fields  by  eating 
insects.  Allowed  to  follow  the  plow  they  pick  up  many  wire- 
worms  which  are  turned  up  in  the  furrows,  and  also  eat  elaterid 
adults  in  fields  not  too  far  removed  from  the  poultry  house, 
The  use  of  poukry  for  this  purpose  was  advocated  by  Curtis 
(1845),  O'Kane  (1913),  Theobald,  Watson  (1917),  Schaffnit 
(1919),  Rymer-Roberts  (1919),  Allwood  (1920),  Roebuck 
(1925),  and  others.  Roebuck  stated,  however,  that  fowls  are 
of  value  against  wireworms  only  on  arable  land  while  plowing, 
disking,  or  cultivating  is  in  actual  progress,  as  the  wireworms 
are  too  deep  in  the  soil  at  other  times.  He  advised  keeping 
fowls  during  May  and  June  on  grassland  adjoining  arable  land, 
and  to  let  them  range  over  other  fields,  especially  clover,  dur- 
ing early  May. 

MAMMALS. 

Mammals  in  general  are  not  important  enemies  of  Elateridae. 
but  moles  and  domestic  swine  may,  under  certain  conditions, 
have  some  value  in  this  respect.  Moles  have  long  been  known 
to  feed  on  wireworms,  white  grubs  and  other  soil  insects,  and 
many  writers  are  of  the  opinion  that  they  are  very  valuable 
in  the  natural  control  of  wireworms.  According  to  Curtis 
(1845),  Le  Keux  believed  that  moles  would  probably  prove 
the  best  protection  against  wireworms  and  that  since  moles 
have  become  scarce  through  killing  off,  wireworms  have  greatly 
increased.  Kirby  and  Spence  (1846)  were  also  impressed  by 
the  large  quantities  of  wireworms  devoured  by  moles,  while 
White  (1914)  stated  that  wireworms  were  found  in  forty- 
one  of  one  hundred  mole  stomachs  collected  at  Anglesey,  Eng- 
land, in  December  and  January.  ( )ne  hundred  and  thirty-four 
wireworms  were  eaten  by  these  forty-one  moles,  and  one 
stomach  contained  forty  larvae.  Ford  (1917)  asserted  that 
moles  prey  on  Ayriotcs  ohscurus  L.  larvae  in  England,  and 
that  wireworms  form  a  fairly  constant  constituent  of  the  food 
of  the  common  mole,  Talpa  citropaca.  According  to  Sachtleben 
(1925),  wireworms  and  cockchafer  larvae  comprised  the 


164  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [JuilC,   '31 

greater  part  of  the  insect  food  of  one  hundred  and  forty  moles 
that  he  examined  in  Russia.  Sokanovskii  ( 1926)  listed  the 
Elaterids  found  in  mole  stomachs  in  West  Russian  forests. 
However,  Scheffer  (  1910)  found  wirewonns  in  only  two  mole 
stomachs  of  one  hundred  collected  in  Kansas,  and  Adams 
(1920)  gave  no  reference  to  these  larvae  as  part  of  the  food 
of  T.  curopaca  in  England.  As  with  the  pheasants,  this  scarcity 
of  wireworms  in  these  stomachs  is  probably  due  to  local  con- 
ditions of  wireworm  scarcity  in  the  field. 

Domestic  swine  eat  wireworms  along  with  white  grubs  and 
other  soil  insects  when  they  root  out  grass  roots  in  sod  fields. 
Williamson  (1916)  stated  that  hogs  in  a  field  before  plowing 
destroy  many  of  these  pests  and  will  soon  clear  them  from 
the  soil.  Their  exact  value  against  wireworms  has  apparently 
never  been  determined,  although  much  has  been  written  on 
the  use  of  hogs  against  white  grubs. 

SUMMARY. 

A  review  of  the  literature  on  the  natural  control  of  the 
Elateridae,  or  click  beetles,  and  their  larvae,  the  wireworms, 
indicates  that  the  predatory  enemies  exert  considerably  more 
control  than  is  caused  by  their  parasitic  enemies. 

Of  the  predators,  birds,  both  wild  and  domesticated,  are  of 
the  most  value  in  this  respect,  with  the  predacious  Carabidae, 
or  ground  beetles,  probably  second  in  importance.  Toads  and 
frogs,  moles,  and  certain  dipterous  larvae  also  have  consider- 
able value. 

In  spite  of  the  apparent  efficiency  of  these  predators,  how- 
ever, they  are  never  more  than  partly  effective  in  controlling 
an  outbreak  of  these  pests,  and  the  aid  they  render  should 
always  be  supplemented  by  such  artificial  control  measures  as 
are  known  to  have  the  most  value  under  the  conditions  at  hand. 
The  ultimate  effect  of  such  artificial  controls  upon  the  parasites 
and  predators  as  well  as  upon  the  wireworms  should  always 
be  considered. 

REFERENCES. 

ADAMS,  L.  E.  1920— Jl.  Ministry  Agric.,  England,  Vol.  27    p. 
659,  Oct.,  1920. 


xlli,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  165 

ALLWOOD,   M.  C.   1920— Jl.   Roy.  Hort.   Soc.,  London,   XLV, 

Nos.  2  and  3,  p.  233,  July.  1920. 
BAUDYS,  E.  1922 — Flugbl.  tschech.  Sektion  mahr.  Landeskultur- 

rates  in  Brunn. 
BEAL,  F.  E.  L.  1907— Bui.  30,  Biol.  Survey,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric. 

1912a— Bui.  37,  of  the  same. 

1912b— Bui.  44,  of  the  same. 

ID.  1915— Farmer's  Bui.  630.  Biol.  Survey,  U.  S.  D.  A. 
BERRY,  W.   1917 — Scottish  Naturalist,  Edinburgh,  No.  66,   p. 

121,  June,  1(>17. 

BROMLEY,  S.  W.  1914— Psyche,  XXI,  Dec.,  1914.  p.  192-198. 
CLELAND,  J.  B.   1918— Science  Bull.   15,  p.   17,  Dept.  Agric., 

New  South  Wales. 

COLLINGE,  W.  E.  1912— Jl.  Bd.  Agric.,  England,  Sept.,  1912. 
CONRADI,  A.  F.,  and  EAGERTON,  H.  C.  1914 — Bui.  180,  S.  Caro- 
lina Expt.  Sta.,  Clemson. 
CURTIS,  J.  1845— Jl.  Roy.  Agric.  Soc.,  England,  Vol.  5,  1845 

Art.  XI.  p.  180 
EAGERTON,   H.    C.    1914 — Bui.    179,    S.   Carolina    Expt.    Sta., 

Clemson. 
EVERSHED,  A.  F.  and  WARBURTON,   C.   1918 — Jl.  Agric.   Sci., 

IX,  p.  63. 
FISHER,  E.  R.  1889— Note  165R.  July  21,  1889,  Div.  Ent.,  U. 

S.  Dept.  Agric. 
FITCH,  A.  1866—  llth  Rpt.  on  Insects  of  N.  Y.     In  Trans.  N. 

Y.  State  Agr.  Soc.,  p.  542. 
FLORENCE,   L.    1915— Trans.   Highl.   and  Agric.   Soc.,   XXIV, 

1912:   XXVI,    1914,   XXVII,    1915. 

FORBES,  S.  A.  1882— Bui.  6,  111.  State  Lab.  Nat.  History,  Nor- 
mal, 111. 

ID.  1892— 18th  Rpt.  State  Ent.  of  111. ;  7th  Rpt.  S.  A.  Forbes, 

Reprint  1920.  p.  41. 

ID.  1896— Bui.  44,  U.  of  111.  Expt.  Sta. 

ID.   1903— Article  4,  Bui.  111.  State  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.   I, 

No.  3,  2nd  Edition,  p.  86. 
FORBUSH,  E.  H.  1916— Circ.  45,  Mass.  State  Board  Agric.,  p. 

20,  Feb.,  1916. 
FORD,  G.  H.  1917— Annals  Appl.  Biology,  III,   Nos.  2  and  3 

p.  97. 
FROST,  S.  W.  1924— Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  XXXII,  p.  173,  Dec., 

1924. 
FRENCH,  C.,  JR.  1913 — Jl.  Dept.  Agric.  of  Victoria,  XI,  pt.  12, 

p.  729,  Melbourne. 
GABRIELSON,  I.  N.  1912— Wilson  Bulletin  No.  79,  Vol.  XXIV, 

No.  2,  pp.  85,  88. 


166  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,   '31 

GIBSON,  E.  H.  191(WFarmer's  Bui.  733,  p.  5,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric. 
GRAF,  J.  E.  1914— Bui.  123,  Bur.  Ent.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.,  p. 

46,  48. 
GRAY,  R.  A.  H.  and  WHELDON,  R.  W.   1919— Jl.  Newcastle 

(England)   Farmers'  Club. 
GUNTHER,  R.  T.  1917 — Rpt.  on  Damage  by  Birds  in  Norfolk, 

etc.,  in  1916.     Oxford  Univ.  Press. 
HABER,  V.  R.  1926 — Journ.  Comp.  Psychology,  VI,  No.  2,  p. 

189,  Apr.,  1926. 
HAWKINS,  J.  H.    1928— Bui.   343,   p.    15,   Maine   Expt.    Sta., 

Orono. 

HORTON,  T-  R.  1918— Bui.  647,  p.  51,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric. 
HYSLOP,  J.  A.  1910— Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Washington,  Vol.  12,  No. 

2,  p.  98. 

ID.  1915— Bui.  156,  p.  25,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric. 

ID.  1916— Farmers'  Bui.  725.  p.  10,  U.  S.  D.  A. 
JUDD,  S.  D.  1901— Bui.  15,  Biol.  Survey,  U.  S.  D.  A. 
KALMBACH,  E.  R.  1914— Bui.   107,  U.' S.  D.  A.     1920— Far- 
mers' Bui.  1102,  U.  S.  D.  A.     1928— Farmers'  Bui.   1571, 

U.  S.  D.  A. 
KIRBY,  W.  and  SPENCE,  W.  1846 — Introd.  to  Ent.,  6th  London 

Edit.,  pp.  191,  195,  258. 
KIRKLAND,  A.  H.  1904— Farmers'  Bui.  196,  pp.  8,  10,  U.  S. 

Dept.  Agric. 

LEIDY,  J.  1877— Proc.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Vol.  29,  p.  260. 
LEIGH,  H.  S.  1914 — Rpt.  on  Rook  Feeding  Habits,  Econ.  Or- 

nith.  Comm.,  England. 
MASAITAS,   A.   I.    1929 — Izv.   sibirsk.    Kraev.    Stantz.    Zashch. 

Rast.  No.  3  (6),  pp.  1-41,  Tomsk.  (Rev.  Appl.  Ent.  XVIII, 

48.) 

McAxEE,  W.  L.  1908— Bui.  32,  Biol.  Survey,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric. 
NEWSTEAD,  R.    1908— Food  of    British  Birds,   Suppl.   Jl.   Bd. 

Agric.,  Dec.,  1908. 
O'KANE,  W.  C.   1913— Extens.  Circ.  8,   N.   Hampshire  Expt. 

Sta. 
ORTON,  W.  A.  and  CHITTENDEN,  F.  H.  1917 — Farmers'  Bui. 

856,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric. 
PERGANDE,  T.   1882— Notes,  Vol.  4,  No.  2884,  Oct.  9,  1882, 

Div.  Ent.,  U.  S.  D.  A. 
ROEBUCK,  A.  1925— "Eggs",  XI,  Nos.  12,  13,  25,  pp.  206,  210, 

418;  XII,  Nos.  1  and  3,  pp.  4,  37.    Rudgwick,  Sussex,  Mar.- 

July,  1925  (RAE,  XIII,  590.) 
RYMER-ROBERTS,   A.    W.    1919 — Ann.    Applied    Biology,   Vol. 

VI,  Nos.  2  and  3,  p.  132. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  167 

SACHTLEBEN,  H.  1925— Arb.  Biol.  Reichsanst.  Land.  u.  Forstw., 

XIV,  No.   1,  p.  77. 
SCHAFFNIT,  E.   1919 — Bericht  Auftreten  v.  Feind  u.  Krankh. 

d.  Kulturpfl.  in  d.  Rheinprov.    1918  u.  1919,  p.  47. 
SCHEFFER,  T.  H.   1910— Farm.  Bui.    168,   Kansas  Expt.   Sta., 

Manhattan,  Kans. 
SOKANOVSKII,  B.  V.  1926— Defense  des  Plantes,  III,  No.  4-5, 

p.  390.    Leningrad. 
SURFACE,  H.  A.  1907— Zool.  Bui.,  Div.,  Zool,  Pa.  Dept.  Agric., 

Vol.  V,  No.  3,  No.  8;  Dec.  1,  1907,  pp.  93,  246. 

ID.    1913— Bi-Monthly   Bui.,   Div.   Zool.,   Pa.     Dept.  Agric., 

Vol.  Ill,  Nos.  3  and  4,  May-July,  1913. 
SWEZEY,  O.  H.  1924 — Rpt.  Comm.  Expt.  Sta.,  Hawaiian  Sugar 

Planters'  Assoc.,  1923-24,  p.  13. 
THEOBALD,  F.  V.   1917 — Fruit  Flower  and  Vegetable  Trades' 

Journal,  London,  Oct.  13,  1917. 
UMNOV,  A.  1913 — Rept.  on  work  of  Ent.  Bureau  of  Zemstvo 

of  Kaluga  for  1913.    Kaluga,  Russia.  (RAE.  II,  263.) 
VASSILIEV,  E.  M.  1913,  1914— Rpts.  of  the  Ent.  Expt.  Sta.  of 

All  Russian  Soc.  of  Sugar  Refiners,  in  Smiela,  Kiev. 
ViExiNGHOFF-RiESCH,  A.   VON    1928 — Z.   angew.   Ent.,  XIII, 

No.  3,  p.  483. 
VOSTRIKOV,  P.   1916 — Orchards,  Market  Garden  and  Bachza., 

Suppl.,  Astrachan   (Russia),  Nos.  2-3,  Feb. -Mar.,   1916. 
WALTON,  C.  L.  1917— Ann.  Appl.  Biol.,  Vol.  IV,  Nos.  1  and 

2,  Sept.,  1917,  p.  7. 
WATSON,  J.  R.   1917-1919— Florida  Expt.  Sta.  Buls.   134  and 

151. 

WEBSTER,  F.  M.  1893— Bui.  46,  Ohio  Agr.  Expt.  Sta.,  p.  228. 
WHITE,  P.  B.  1914— Jl.  Bd.  Agric.,  England,  Vol.  21,  No.  5, 

p.  401. 

WILCOX,  E.  V.  1892— Bui.  43,  Ohio  Expt.  Sta.,  1892,  p.  127. 
WILLIAMSON,  W.   1916 — Spec.  Bui.  8,  p.  2,  Univ.   Minnesota 

Agric.  Extension  Div. 


Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  to  go  to  Africa. 
In  June  my  wife  and  I  sail  for  England,  and  thence  early 
in  July,  accompanied  by  Miss  Alice  Mackie,  for  Lobito  Bay, 
West  Coast  of  Africa;  thence  by  rail  to  the  Katanga  country, 
then  to  Lake  Tanganyika,  then  south  via  Rhodesia  to  the  Cape; 
back  to  England  by  sea,  and  reach  Colorado  about  Christmas. 
— T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL. 


168  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  |June>   '31 

Descriptions  of  New  Genera  and  Species  of  the 
Dipterous  Family  Ephydridae.    Paper  X.* 

By  EZRA  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Ochthera  canescens  new  species 

Black;  palpi,  halteres,  bases  of  fore  and  middle  tibiae,  and 
tarsi,  yellow.  Wings  immaculate,  hyaline,  with  pale  veins. 
Similar  to  m-antis  but  the  frontal  orbits  opaque,  ocherous. 
Mesonotum  faintly  bronzed,  overcast  with  gray  which  becomes 
white  laterally,  on  the  pleura  and  metanotum.  Abdomen  over- 
cast with  gray  becoming  more  dense  laterally. 

Structurally  similar  to  mantis.  Ocellar  bristles  distinct,  much 
appressed.  Mesonotum  and  scutellum  subgranulose.  Fore 
tibial  spur  as  long  as  the  basitarsus,  the  latter  in  the  male  with 
a  well  developed  apical  flexor,  spine-like,  conical  spur,  more  or 
less  obscured  by  long  bristly  hairs ;  middle  femora  of  male 
with  two  flexor  series  of  short  bristles,  the  hind  basitarsus  with 
curved  flexor  hairs.  Length,  5  mm. 

Type.— Male ;  Polisha,  FORMOSA,  March,  1908,  (Sauter), 
[A.N.S.P.,  No.  6485].  Paratypcs—  1  $  ,  1?  ;  Anping,  For- 
mosa, April,  1912,  (Sauter),  [Hungary  Nat.  Mus.]. 

Ochthera  loreta  new  species 

Black;  palpi,  base  of  fore  and  middle  tarsi,  second  to  fourth 
segments  of  hind  tarsi,  tawny.  Halteres  pale  yellow.  Wings 
hyaline  with  pale  veins.  Of  general  aeneous  to  metallic  silvery 
color ;  mesonotum  with  three  cuperous  stripes ;  face  granulose, 
brassy,  densely  silvery  pubescent,  leaving  the  usual  sculptured 
quadrate  spots  or  bars,  bare.  Abdomen  cinereous  with  broad 
poorly  defined  median  brown  stripes,  narrowly  extending  later- 
ally along  the  posterior  margins  of  the  segments. 

Structurally  similar  to  c.vcidf'ta,  but  the  anterior  ocellus  not 
noticeably  large ;  face  roundly  convex,  not  conical ;  tormae 
broader  than  long;  lateral  margins  of  abdomen  of  male 
rounded,  not  angularly  turned. 

Type. — Male;  Loreta,  BAJA  CALIFORNIA,  May  1(),  1921, 
(E.  P.  VanDuzee),  [California  Acad.  Sci.].  Paratypc. — 1  $  ; 
topotypical.  1  $  ;  Tampico,  MEXICO,  December  22,  1908, 
[Illinois  Natural  History  Survey]. 

*  Paper  VIII.    See  ENT.  NEWS,  XLI,  p.  76,  (1930). 
Paper  IX.    See  ENT.  NEWS,  XLII,  p.  104,   (1931). 


xlli,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  169 

Ochthera  baia  new  species 

Black  ;  fore  tarsi  exeept  apicully,  and  base  of  middle  tarsi, 
tawny;  halteres  pale  yellow.  Wings  brownish  with  brown 
veins.  Frontal  plate  shining,  the  broad  orbits  velvety-black ; 
face  uniformally  golden  pubescent  ;  cheeks  and  lower  occiput 
cinereous;  mesonotum  granulose,  brassy,  with  three  cupreous 
stripes;  scutellum  similar,  with  brassy  tinge.  Abdomen  rather 
shining,  sparingly  brown  pruinose ;  the  laterally  turned  down 
lateral  lobes  densely  cinereous  ;  pleura  and  femora,  cinereous. 

Structurally  and  in  size  similar  to  lor  eta. 

Type.  -  -  Male ;  Mulege,  I>AJA  CALIFORNIA,  May  14,  1921. 
(E.  P.  VanDuzee),  [California  Acad.  Sci.  Collection.].  Para- 

tvpcs. — 1  <J  ,  2  9  ;  topotypical. 

Ochthera  wrighti  new  species 

Black  ;  antennae  especially  third  segment,  palpi  and  halteres, 
fore  and  middle  tibiae  and  their  tarsi  except  apex  of  latter, 
extremities  of  hind  tibiae,  more  or  less  of  intermediate  seg- 
ment of  their  tarsi,  pale  yellow  to  tawny.  Wings  clear. 

Structurally  similar  to  rcgalis.  Width  of  frons  about  eight 
times  the  distance  between  anterior  ocellus  and  anterior  margin. 
Face  at  narrowest  portion  transversely  subcarinate,  lower  por- 
tion not  longer  than  the  upper;  the  lower  transverse  carina 
distinctly  above  epistoma,  below  this  the  face  is  retreating. 
Fore  basitarsus  of  male  as  well  as  the  following  segments  are 
more  dilated  than  in  rcgalis ;  the  former  with  a  similar  strong 
flexor  tooth,  partially  obscured  by  the  surrounding  pile  and 
pubescence.  Length,  3.5  mm. 

Very  similar  to  rcgalis  especially  in  color,  but  averages 
larger;  frons  shorter  and  broader  as  is  also  the  lower  portion 
of  the  face  ;  the  latter  with  the  transverse  carina  more  promi- 
nent;  aristal  hairs  somewhat  flattened  on  basal  three-fourths, 
especially  in  the  male. 

Type. — Male;  CUBA,  (Ch.  Wright),  |  Museum  of  Comp. 
Xool.,  Coll.  | .  Paralyses. — 2  &  ,  79  ;  topotypical. 

Ochthera  painteri  new   species 

Very  similar  to  i^righil,  differing  as  follows:  Frons  longer, 
but  not  so  noticeably  as  in  rcgalis;  more  shining,  with  the 
lateral  opaque  orbital  areas  velvety-black  above  and  sharply  de- 
fined. Second  antennal  segment  black;  third,  pale  tawny  with 


170  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,   '31 

the  aristal  hairs  normal,  long  and  curving.  Face  longer,  more 
pruinose  in  the  male,  less  concaved,  with  scarcely  any  transverse 
carina  below,  its  position  being  very  near  the  epistomal  margin. 
Palpi  black. 

Type, — Male;  Puerto  Castilla,  HONDURAS.  (R.  H.  Painter; 
April  18,  1924),  [A.N.S.P.,  No.  6486].  Paratypes—  2  $  .  2  9  ; 
topotypical,  April  4,  20,  23,  1924. 

STENOCHTHERA  ANGUSTIFACIES  Hendel 

1930.  Stenochthera  angustifacics  Hendel,  Konowia,  ix,  p.  132. 

This  is  the  genotype  of  Stenochthera  Hendel  and  was  orig- 
inally described  from  Bolivia.  I  have  seen  specimens  from  San 
Bernardino,  PARAGUAY,  (Fiebrig),  [Nat.  Hist.  Mus.,  Vienna; 
13]  ;  Trinidad  Rio,  PANAMA,  (Busck;  March  29),  [U.S.N.M.; 
1];  Higuito,  San  Mateo,  COSTA  RICA,  (Schild),  [U.S.N.M.; 

I]- 

STENOCHTHERA  REGALIS   (Williston)   n.  comb. 
1897.   Ochthcra  rcgalis  Williston,  Kans.  Univ.  Quart.,  vi.  p.  6. 
1930.  StcnocJitlicra  cacndcovittata  Hendel,  Konowia,  ix,  p.  133, 
n.  syn. 

Although  Hendel,  in  his  reference  above  cited,  states  that 
Ochthcra  rcgalis  Williston  belongs  to  his  new  genus  Stenoch- 
thera',  he  does  not  complete  the  new  combination. 

My  series  of  regalis,  including  a  female  from  Dr.  Williston's 
collection  and  agreeing  with  his  description,  are  certainly  con- 
specific  with  Handel's  cacrulcovittata,  at  least  they  agree  with 
Hendel's  description.  I  do  not  know  what  Hendel  considers 
regalis. 

STENOCHTHERA  TRIORNATA  (Cresson)  n.  comb. 

1926.   Ochthcra  triornata  Cresson,  Trans.  Am.   Ent.   Soc.,   lii, 

p.  255. 

Hendel  states  that  this  is  also  a  member  of  his  new  genus, 
but  does  not  complete  the  new  combination. 

This  species  was  originally  described  from  PARAGUAY.  1 
have  also  seen  it  from  San  Sebastiao,  Sao  Paulo,  BRAZIL,  (Bar- 
biellini),  [1]  ;  and  there  is  a  specimen  in  the  Natural  History 
Museum  of  Vienna  without  data,  bearing  label  "Coll.  Winth". 


Xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  171 

More  About  Bites  by  Aphis  Lions   (Neur. :  Chrysopidae). 

In  the  March,  1931,  issue  of  the  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS, 
P.  B.  Barringer  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  larvae  of 
Chrysopidae  sometimes  bite  human  beings.  Dr.  Barringer 
wishes  to  know  whether  or  not  this  has  been  experienced 
elsewhere. 

The  writer  finds  that  in  South  Dakota  it  is  a  common  experi- 
ence for  individuals  working  out-of-doors  to  be  bitten  several 
times  per  year  by  Chrysopa  larvae.  While  conducting  his  ex- 
perimental field  work  and  while  on  collecting  trips,  the  writer 
has  frequently  been  bitten  several  times  per  day  by  aphis  lions. 
This  has  taken  place  regardless  of  the  amount  of  rainfall  that 
occurred  during  the  season. or  year.  The  writer  is  certain  that 
in  South  Dakota  there  is  no  direct  correlation  between  lack  of 
precipitation  and  the  frequency  of  attacks  upon  human  beings 
by  Chrysopa  larvae.  Undoubtedly,  these  attacks  occur  more 
frequently  when  the  larvae  are  abundant,  but  this,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  writer,  is  because  more  Chrysopa  larvae  are  dislodged 
from  the  aphid  infested  plants  when  the  aphis  lions  are  more 
abundant  than  when  they  are  scarce. 

The  matter  of  reaching  a  human  body  is  entirely  a  matter 
of  chance.  In  the  spring  and  early  summer  of  1930,  South 
Dakota  experienced  one  of  the  worst  aphid  outbreaks  that  it 
ever  had.  The  natural  enemies  of  the  aphicls,  including  aphis 
lions,  gradually  increased  in  abundance,  and  by  the  middle  of 
summer  had  reduced  the  plant  lice  to  a  negligible  quantity. 
But  even  at  the  time  when  the  aphicls  were  most  abundant, 
aphis  lions  attacked  man  when  they  happened  to  find  them- 
selves upon  his  body. 

The  after-effects  upon  man  of  the  bites  of  an  aphis  lion 
have  always  been  negligible  in  the  experience  of  the  writer, 
and  have  never  been  so  severe  as  those  described  by  Dr.  Bar- 
ringer.  H.  C.  SEVERIN,  South  Dakota  State  "College. 


To  Authors  of  Papers  Published  in  the  News. 

• 

Authors  who  desire  the  galley-proofs  of  their  papers,  which 
have  been  published  in  the  XKWS  in  recent  years,  may  obtain 
the  same  on  application,  within  the  next  two  months',  to  the 
Editor,  Zoological  Laby..  University  of  Penna.,  Philadelphia, 
Penna.,  and  remitting  postage  for  the  same.  Specify  the  num- 
ber, or  numbers,  in  which  the  article!  s)  appeared. 


List  of  the  Titles  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  Referred  to  by 

Numbers   in   Entomological    Literature 

in  Entomological  News. 


1.  Transactions   of   The   American   Entomological    Society.      Philadelphia. 

2.  Entomologische    Blatter,    red.  v.  H.  Eckstein   etc.      Berlin. 

3.  Annals   of  the   Carnegie  Museum.     Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

4.  Canadian   Entomologist.      London,    Canada. 

5.  Pysche,  A  Journal  of   Entomology.     Boston,   Mass. 

6.  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.     New  York. 

7.  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America.     Columbus,  Ohio. 

8.  Entomologists'   Monthly   Magazine.     London. 

9.  The  Entomologist.     London. 

10.  Proceedings  of  the  Ent.  Soc.  of  Washington.     Washington,  D.  C. 

11.  Deutsche  entomologische   Zeitschrift.      Berlin. 

12.  Journal  of  Economic   Entomology,   Geneva,   N.   Y. 

13.  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology.     Claremont,  Cal. 

14.  Entomologische    Zeitschrift.      Frankfurt    a.  M.,    Germany. 

15.  Natural  History,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.     New  York. 

16.  American  Journal  of   Science.     New  Haven,   Conn. 

17.  Entomologische    Rundschau.      Stuttgart,    Germany. 

18.  Internationale   entomologische    Zeitschrift.      Guben,    Germany. 

19.  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn,   N.  Y. 

20.  Societas  entomologica.     Stuttgart,   Germany. 

21.  The  Entomologists'   Record  and  Journal  of   Variation.     London. 

22.  Bulletin  of   Entomological  Research.     London. 

23.  Bollettino    del    Laboratorio     di     Zoologia     generale     e     agraria     della 

R.   Scuola  superiore  d'Agricultura   in   Portici.     Italy. 

24.  Annales  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

25.  Bulletin  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

26.  Entomologischcr    Anzeiger,   hersg.    Adolf    Hoffmann.      Wien,    Austria. 

27.  Bolletino  della   Societa  Entomologica.     Geneva,  Italy. 

28.  Ent.    Tidskrift   utgifen   af    Ent.   Foreningen   i    Stockholm.      Sweden. 

29.  Annual   Report  of   the   Ent.   Society  of   Ontario.     Toronto,   Canada. 

30.  The   Maine   Naturalist.     Thornaston,   Maine. 

31.  Nature.     London. 

32.  Boletim  do  Museu  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janiero.     Brazil. 

33.  Bull,  et  Annales  de  la  Societe  entomologique  de  Belgique.     Bruxelles. 

34.  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  hrsg.  v.   E.  Korschelt.     Leipzig. 

35.  The   Annals   of    Applied    Biology.     Cambridge,    England. 

36.  Transactions   of  the   Entomological   Society   of   London.     England. 

37.  Proceedings   of    the    Hawaiian    Entomological    Society.     Honolulu. 

38.  Bull,  of  the  Southern  California  Academy  of   Sciences.     Los  Angeles. 

39.  The  Florida  Entomologist.     Gainesville,  Fla. 

40.  American   Museum    Novitates.     New   York. 

41.  Mitteilungen  der  schweiz.  ent.  Gesellschaft.     Schafrhausen,  Switzerland. 

42.  The  Journal   of    Experimental   Zoology.      Philadelphia. 

43.  Ohio   Journal   of   Sciences.     Columbus,    Ohio. 

44.  Revista   chileiia   de   historia   natural.     Valparaiso,    Chile. 

45.  Zeitschrift   fiir    wissenschaftliche    Insektenbiologie.     Berlin. 

46.  Zeitschrift  fiir  Morphologic  und   Okologie  der  Tiere.     Berlin. 

47.  Journal  of  Agricultural   Research.     Washington,   D.   C. 

48.  Wiener  entomologische  Zeitung.     Wien,   Austria. 

49.  Entomologische   Mitteilungen.     Berlin. 

50.  Proceedings   of   the  U.   S.   National   Museum.     Washington,    D.   C. 

51.  Notulae  entomologicae,  ed.  Soc.  ent.  helsingfors.    Helsingfors,  Finland. 

52.  Archiv   fiir   Naturgeschichte,   hrsg.  v.  E.  Strand.     Berlin. 


53.  Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical   Science.     London. 

54.  Annales  de  Parasitologie  Humaine  et  Comparee.     Paris. 

55.  Pan-Pacific   Entomologist.     San    Francisco,   Cal. 

56.  "Konowia".     Zeit.    fiir    systematische    Insektenkunde.      Wien,    Austria. 

57.  La  Feuille  des  Naturalistes.     Paris. 

58.  Entomologische  Berichten.    Nederlandsche  ent.   Ver.     Amsterdam. 

59.  Encyclopedic  entomologique,  ed.  P.  Lechevalier.     Paris. 

60.  Stettiner   entomologische   Zeitung.     Stettin,    Germany. 

61.  Proceedings  of   the   California   Academy  of   Sciences.     San   Francisco. 

62.  Bulletin  of  the  American  Museum  of   Natural  History.     New  York. 

63.  Deutsche  entomologische  Zeitschrift   "Iris".     Berlin. 

64.  Zeitschrift  des   osterr.   entomologen-Vereines.     Wien. 

65.  Zeitschrift  fiir  angewandte  Entomologie,  hrsg.   K.   Escherich.     Berlin. 

66.  Report  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Meeting.     Pusa,  India. 

67.  University  of  California  Publications,  Entomology.     Berkeley,  Cal. 

68.  Science.     New  York. 

69.  Comptes  rendus  hebdoma.  des  seances  de  1'Academie  des  sciences.  Paris. 

70.  Entomologica  Americana,  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn. 

71.  Novitates  Zoologicae.     Tring,   England. 

72.  Revue  russe  d'Entomologie.     Leningrad,  USSR. 

73.  Quarterly   Review  of   Biology.     Baltimore,   Maryland. 

74.  Sbornik  entomolog.  narodniho  musea  v  Praze.    Prague,  Czechoslavokia. 

75.  Annals  and   Magazine  of   Natural   History.     London. 

76.  The    Scientific    Monthly.     New    York. 

77.  Comptes  rendus  heb.  des  seances  et  memo,  de  la  soc.  de  biologic.  Paris. 

78.  Bulletin   Biologique  de  la  France  et  de  la  Belgique.     Paris. 

79.  Koleopterologische  Rundschau.     Wien. 

80.  Lepidopterologische   Rundschau,   hrsg.  Adolf   Hoffmann.     Wien. 

81.  Folia  myrmecol.  et  termitol.  hrsg.  Anton  Krausse.     Bernau  bei  Berlin. 

82.  Bulletin,"  Division  of  the  Natural  History  Survey.     Urbana,  Illinois. 

83.  Arkiv  for  zoologie,   K.  Svenska   Vetenskapsakademien   i.     Stockholm. 

84.  Ecology.     Brooklyn. 

85.  Genetics.     Princeton,   New  Jersey. 

86.  Zoologica,  New  York  Zoological- Society.     New  York. 

87.  Archiv  fiir  Entwicklungs  mechanik  der  Organ.,  hrsg.  v.  Roux.    Leipzig. 

88.  Die  Naturwissenschaf  ten,  hrsg.  A.  Berliner.     Berlin. 

89.  Zoologische   Jahrbiicher,    hrsg.  v.  Spengel.     Jena,    Germany. 

90.  The  American  Naturalist.     Garrison-on-Hudson,  New  York. 

91.  Journal  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.     Washington,  D.  C. 

92.  Biological  Bulletin.     Wood's  Hole,  Massachusetts. 

93.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London.     England. 

94.  Zeitschrift   fiir  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.     Leipzig. 

95.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Soc.  of  Washington,    Washington,  D.  C. 

96.  La  Cellule.    Lierre,  Belgium. 

97.  Biologisches    Zentralblatt.     Leipzig. 

98.  Le  Naturaliste  Canadien.     Cap  Rouge,   Chicoutimi,  Quebec. 

99.  Melanges  exotico-entomologiques.  Par  Maurice  Pic.     Moulins,  France. 

100.  Bulletin    Intern.,    Academic    Polonaise    des    Sci.    et    des    Lett.    Cra- 

covie,   Poland. 

101.  Tijdschrift       voor       entomologie,       Nederlandsche       Entomol.       Ver., 

Amsterdam. 

102.  Entomologiske   Meddelelser,   Entomologisk   Forening,    Copenhagen. 

103.  Journal    of    the    Kansas    Entomological     Society,    Lawrence,     Kansas. 

104.  Revista  de  la  Sociedad  entomologica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 


172  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '31 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA  S.  MACKEY  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF 

E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted: 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  [  1  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in  the  January  and  June 
numbers  (or  which  may  be  secured  from  the  publisher  of  Entomological 
News  for  lOc),  in  which  the  paper  appeared.  The  number  of,  or  a_nnual 
volume,  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  ) 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

•Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  sn 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

§KP  'Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers    published    in   the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Ainslie,  G.  G— Obituary.     By  Larrimer  & 
Wade.    [12]   24:  567-569,  ill.     Comstock,  J.  H.— Obituary. 
By  J.  G.  Needham.    [68]    73:  409-410.     Comstock,  J.  H.- 
Obituary.     By  G.  W.  H.  [12]  24:  564-566,  ill.    Cook,  W.  C. 

-Notes  on  predicting-  the  probable  future  distribution  of 
introduced  insects.  [84]  12:  245-247.  de  Joannis,  J.— Les 
regies  internationales  de  nomenclature  zoologique.  [L'Am- 
ateur  Papillons]  5:  152-160,  193-201.  Leech,  H.  B.— Cole- 
optera  by  "smoking"  stumps.  [19]  26:  12.  Mathews,  F.  S. 

-Field  book  of  American  wild  flowers.  Being  a  short 
description  of  their  character  and  habits,  a  concise  defini- 
tion of  their  colors,  and  incidental  references  to  the  insects 
which  assist  in  their  fertilization.  New  York.  558  pp.,  ill. 
Metcalf,  C.  L. — Insects  that  bite  man.  [Trans.  Illinois 
State  Acad.  Sci.]  23:  261-272.  Patton,  W.  S.— Insects, 
ticks,  mites  and  venomous  animals  of  medical  and  veterin- 
ary importance.  II.  Public  Health.  740  pp.,  ill.  Petersen, 
W.— Nahrung  und  genitypus.  [46]  20:  679-690.  Stiles  & 
Nolan. — Key  catalogue  of  parasites  reported  for  Chiroptera 
(Bats)  with  their  possible  public  health  importance.  [U.  S. 
Nat.  Health  Bull.|  155:  603-742.  Tillyard,  R.  J.— The 
evolution  of  the  class  insecta.  [Rep.  20th  Meeting  Aus- 
tralian &  New  Zealand  Assoc.  Adv.  Sci.|  20:  193-241,  ill. 
Wardle,  R.  A. — The  problems  of  applied  entomology. 
|Publ.  Univ.  Manchester  |  Biol.  SIT.  5:  587  pp.,  ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Bataillon  &  Su.- 
Etudes    analytiques    et    experimentales     sur    les    rythmes 
cinetiques  dans  1'oeuf  (Hyla  arborea,  Paracentrotus  lividus, 
Bombyx  mori).     |Trav.  fust.  Zool.  Univ.  Montpellier]   54; 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  173 

439-540,  ill.  de  Boissezon,  P. — Influence  de  la  temperature 
sur  la  biologic  des  Culicides.  [Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  France]  55: 
255-261.  Dautert-Willimzik,  E. — Einige  beobachtungen 
iiber  das  geschlechtsleben  der  mannchen  dcr  schlupfwespe 
Nasonia  brevicornis.  [34]  93:  306-316,  ill.  Dawson,  R.  W. 

-The  problem  of  voltinism  and  dormancy  in  the  Poly- 
phemus  moth  (Telea  polyphemus).  [42]  59:  87-131.  Ehr- 
hardt,  S. — Ueber  arbeitsteilung  bei  Myrmica-und  Messor- 
arten.  [46]  20:  755-812,  ill.  Fischer,  E.— Ein  elektrokardio- 
gramm  von  schmetterlingspuppen.  [41]  15:  46-49,  ill.  Flan- 
ders, S.  E. — The  life  cycles  of  Trichogramma  minutum  in 
relation  to  temperature.  [68]  73:  458.  Friederichs,  H.  F.— 
Beitrage  zur  morphologic  und  physiologic  der  sehorgane 
der  Cicindelinen.  [46]  21 :  1-172,  ill.  Frisch,  K. — Versuche 
iiber  den  geschmacksinn  der  bienen.  [Sitzungsb.  Ges. 
Morph.  u.  Phys.  Miinchen]  39:  49-60.  Heymons  &  Len- 
gerken. — Studien  iiber  die  lebenserscheinungen  der  Sil- 
phini.  [46]  20:  691-706,  ill.  Hobson,  R.  P.— Studies  on  the 
nutrition  of  blow-fly  larvae.  [42]  8:  109-123,  ill.  Lutz,  F.  E. 

-Light  as  a  factor  in  controlling  the  start  of  daily  activity 
of  a  wren  and  stingless  bees.  [40]  468:  9  pp.  Marcu,  O.— 
Ein  neuer  beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  stridulationsorgane  bei 
Ipiden.  [34]  94:  32-37,  ill.  Mclndoo,  N.  E.— Tropisms  and 
sense  organs  of  Coleoptera.  [Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.]  82:  70  pp., 
ill.  Millot,  J. — Glandes  venimeuses  et  glandes  sericigenes 
chez  les  Sicariides.  [Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  France]  55:  150-175, 
ill.  Pauliuk,  I. — Topographic  und  funktion  des  kopulation- 
sapparates  von  Lestes  sponsa.  [Verb.  Mitt.  Siebenbiirg. 
Ver.  Naturwiss.  Hermannstadt]  78:  41-62,  ill.  Salt,  G.- 
A  further  study  of  the  effects  of  stylopization  on  wasps. 
[42]  59:  133-166,  ill.  Stammer,  H.  j'.— Eine  bakteriensym- 
biosc  bei  den  Donaciinen.  (Coleoptera.)  [88]  19:  270-271. 
Vandendries,  R. — La  conduite  sexuelle  des  Hymenomy- 
cetes  interpretee  par  les  theories  de  Hartmann  concernant 
la  bisexualite  et  la  relativite  sexuelle.  [Bull.  Classe  Sci., 
Belgique]  16:  1213-1234,  ill.  Wigglesworth,  V.  B.— The 
respiration  of  insects.  [Biol.  Rev.  &  Biol.  Pro.  Cambridge 
Philos.  Soc.]  6:  181-220. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Gudger,  E.  W.- 

More  spider  hunters.  Accounts  of  arachnids  which  attack 
and  devour  vertebrates  other  than  fishes.  [76]  1931  :  422- 
433,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Bartenef, 
A. — Ueber  die  geographische  verbreitung  von  I'anlala 
flavescens  (Libellulinae).  [89]  60:  471-488,  ill.  Heath,  H. 
-Experiments  in  termite  caste  development.  [68]  73:  431. 
*Hood,  J.  D. — A  new  genus  and  species  of  Aeolothripidae 
(Thysanoptera)  from  Chile.  [19]  26:  1-3,  ill.  Hungerford, 


174  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,   '31 

H.  B. — Concerning  the  egg  of  Polystoechotes  punctatus. 
[19]  26:  22-23,  ill.  Morse,  M. — The  external  morphology 
of  Chrysopa  perla.  (Chrysopidae).  [6]  39:  1-42,  ill.  Traver, 
J.  R. — The  ephemerid  genus  Baetisca.  [6]  39:  45-66,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— *Hebard,  M.— The  Mogoplistinae  of 
United  States  ( Grylliclae).  [1]  57:  135-160.  ill.  Hood  & 
Hincher. — The  giant  katydid  (Stilpnochlora  couloniana)  in 
Monroe  County,  New  York.  [19]  26:  20,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.  —  Baker,  A.  D.--A  study  of  the  male 
genitalia  of  Canadian  species  of  Pentatomidae.  |Can.  Jour. 
Res.]  4:  181-220,  ill.  Beamer,  R.  H.— Note  on  the  emer- 
gence of  Tihicen  pruinosa  (Cicadidae).  [103]  4:  51-52. 
Doering,  K.  C. — Some  biological  notes  on  the  Cercopidae 
north  of  Mexico.  [103]  4:  48-51.  *Dorst,  H.  N.— Studies 
on  the  genus  Cicadula  ( Cicadellidae).  [103|  4:  39-48,  ill. 
*Harris,  H.  M. — The  genus  Aphelonotus  (Nabidae).  [19] 
26:  13-20.  Jaczewski,  T.— Notes  on  Corixidae.  VIII-XI. 
[Ann.  Mtis.  Zool.  Polonici]  9:  147-154,  ill.  *Knight,  H.  H. 
-Dacota  hesperia  referred  to  Atractotomus,  also  descrip- 
tions of  three  new  species  (Miridae).  [19]  26:  36-38.  *Muir, 
F. — New  and  little-known  Fulgoroidea  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum. (S.)  [75]  7:  297-314,  ill.  *Petri,  K.— Bestimmung- 
stabelle  der  mir  bekannt  gewordenen  sudamerikanischen 
arten  der  gattung  Lixus  nebst  neubeschreibungen.  [Verh. 
Mitt.  Siebenburg.  Ver.  Naturwiss.  Hermannstadt]  78:  63- 
132.  Torre  Bueno,  J.  R. — What  is  the  type  of  the  genus 
Cimcx?  [19]  26:  49. 

LEPIDOPTERA.—Balduf,  W.  V.— The  oviposition 
habits  of  Feltia  subgothica  (Noctuidae).  1 10]  33:  81-88. 
*Bell,  E.  L. — A  list  of  Hesperiidae  from  Barro  Colorado 
Island,  Canal  Zone,  and  adjacent  Panama,  with  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  new  species.  [6]  39:  81-108.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A- 
A  curious  lepidopterous  larva.  1 19]  26:  11.  Eisenhardt,  W. 

-Parnassius  of  the  World.  [19]  26:  39-44.  Forbes,  W.  T. 
M. — Notes  on  the  Dioptidae.  |6]  39:  69-76.  *Meyrick,  E. 

-Reports  of  an  expedition  to  Brazil  and  Paraguay  in  1926- 
7.  Microlepidoptera.  [Jour.  Linn.  Soc.,  London]"  37:  277- 
284.  *Schultze,  A. — Eine  neue  Satyride  aus  der  Sierra 
Nevada  de  Santa  Mart  a  (Kolumbien).  [63]  45:  27-30,  ill. 
Schwanwitsch,  B.  N. — Evolution  of  the  wing-pattern  in 
Palaearctic  Satyridae.  IT.  Genus  Melanargia.  [46|  21:  316- 
408,  ill.  *Zerny,  H. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Syntomi- 
clcn.  [63]  45:  1-27.  (S.) 

DIPTERA.— *Aldrich,  J.  M.— Notes  on  Hippelates 
(Chloropidae),  with  a  new  Bra/ilian  species.  [10|  33:  69-72. 
*Alexander,  C.  P. — A  new  genus  and  species  of  bibionid 
Diptera.  [19]  26:  7-11,  ill.  Collins,  B.  J.— The  confused 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  175 

nomenclature  of  Nycteribia  latreille,  1796,  and  Spinturnix 
heyden,  1826.  [U.  S.  Nat.  Health  Hull.]  155:  743-765,  ill. 
*Curran,  C.  H. — New  species  of  Empididae  from  Panama. 
[40]  467:  12  pp.  Edwards,  F.  W. — Mosquitoes  breeding-  in 
plant  pitchers.  [Nat.  Hist.  Mag.,  Hrit.  Mus.]  3:  25-28,  ill. 
Gjullin,  C.  M. — Probable  distribution  of  the  Mediterranean 
fruit  fly  (Ceratitis  capitata)  in  the  United  States.  [84]  12: 
248-258,  ill.  Johnson,  C.  W.— Nestling  birds  destroyed  by 
the  larvae  of  Protocalliphora.  [Hull.  Host.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.] 
1931:  21-24.  Mercier  &  Tolmer.— Les  Coelopa  (Acalyp- 
terae;  famille  des  Phycodromidae)  d'Europe  et  de  1'Amer- 
ique  (lu  Norcl.  [Hull  Soc.  Zool.  France]  55:  238-242. 
Thomas,  I. — The  structure  and  life-history  of  Sciara  nitidi- 
collis.  [93]  1930:  1009-1026,  ill.  Thorpe,  W.  H.— The 
biology,  post-embryonic  development  and  economic  impor- 
tance of  Cryptochaetum  iceryoe  (Agromyzidae)  parasitic 
on  Icerya  purchasi  (Monophlebini).  [93]  1930:  929-971.  ill. 
*Van  Duzee,  M.  C. — Dolichopidae  of  the  Canal  Zone.  [62] 
61:  161-205,  ill.  *Webber,  R.  T. — A  new  parasitic  fly  of 
the  genus  Chaetophlepsis.  [50]  78,  Art.  20:  4  pp. 

COLEOPTERA.— Csiki,  E.— Coleopterorum  Catalogus. 
Pars  115.  Carabidae:  Harpalinae  V.  739-1022.  Frost,  C.  A. 
— Mylabris  (Hruchus)  atomus  [at  Hyannis,  Mass.].  Ab- 
strulia  tessellata  [at  Shc-rborn,  Mass.].  Tschalia  costata  [at 
Sherborn,  Mass.].  Donacia  liebecki  [at  Dennis,  Mass.]. 
[19]  26:  3;  6;  35;  46.  *Ochs,  G. — Ueber  einige  neue  und 
bemerkenswerte  Gyriniden  im  Zoologischen  Museum  der 
Akademie  der  Wissenschaften.  (S).  [Ann.  Mus.  Zool.,  Len- 
ingrad] 31  :  65-70.  d'Olsoufieff,  G.— Les  Phanaeides.  (La- 
mellicornia) .  Famille  Scarabaeidae-Tr.  Coprini.  [Insecta] 
13:  5-172,  ill.  *Pic,  M. — Coleopteres  nouveaux  de  la  Repub- 
lique  Argentine.  [Hull.  Soc.  Zool.  France]  55:  175-179. 
Robertson,  C. — Position  of  Strepsiptera  on  hosts.  Ill  [19] 
26:  45-46.  Schenkling  &  Marshall. — Coleopterorum  Cata- 
logus. Pars  114.  Curculionidae :  Eremninae,  Leptop- 
inae,  Tanyrrhynchinae,  Cylindrorrhinae,  Thecesterninae 
(Suppl.),  Rhytirrhininae  (Suppl.).  Rhyparosominae 
(Suppl.).  30  pp..  83  p]i.,  10  ])p.,  23  ]>])..  4  pp.  Schenkling  & 
Marshall. — Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  116.  Curculion- 
idae: Dinomorphinae,  Somatodinne,  Amycterinae,  Gonipter- 
inae.  39  pp.,  11  pp.  Schenkling,  S. — Coleopterorum  Cata- 
logus. Pars  117.  Niponiidae.  Monommidae,  Sphindidae,  As- 
pidiphoridae,  Sphaeritidae.  7  p]).,  4  pp.,  2  ]>])..  2  pp.  Siep- 
mann,  C.  G. — On  the  validity  of  Glischrochilus  quadri- 
signatus  (Nitidulidae).  [lo|  _>h":  24-35,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.  — Clausen,  C.  P. -- Biological  notes 
on  the  Trigonalidae.  [10]  33:  72-81,  ill.  *Cushman,  R.  A.— 


176  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,   '31 

Notes  on  ichneumon-flies  of  the  genus  Polycyrtus  with 
descriptions  of  new  species.  (S).  [50]  78,  Art.  14:  62  pp. 
Denton,  S.  B. — Amblyteles  semicaeruleus.  [at  Cheoah,  N. 
C.]  Sphecius  speciosus.  [at  Robbinsville,  N.  C.]  Vespula 
maculata  and  Apis  mellifica.  |  at  Robbinsville,  N.  C.]  [19J 
26:  3;  35;  44.  Kutter,  H. — Mit  bananen  eingeschleppte 
ameisen.  [41]  15:  61-64.  Rau,  P. — The  cocooning  habit  of 
the  wasp,  Monobia  quadridens.  [19]  26:  4-6.  Schwarz, 
H.  F. — The  nest  habits  of  the  diplopterous  wasp,  Polybia 
occidentalis,  variety  scutellaris,  as  observed  at  Barro  Colo- 
rado, Canal  Zone.  '[40]  471  :  27  pp.,  ill.  Schwarz,  H.  F- 
A  case  of  stylopization  in  a  panurgid  bee,  Liopoeum  sub- 
metallicum  (Spinola).  [6]  39:  77-79. 

VIGNON,  P.  INTRODUCTION  A  LA  BIOLOGIE  EXPERIMENTALE. 
Les  etres  organises,  activites,  instincts,  structures.  1930.  731 
p.,  890  fig.,  21  pis.  en  noir,  3  pis.  en  couleurs.  Preface  du  Pro- 
fesseur  E.-L.  Bouvier,  membre  de  1'Institut.  Paris,  P.  Leche- 
valier. — Theories  aside,  the  author  brings  us  face  to  face  with 
organisms  as  they  are  and  as  they  behave.  Beginning  with  ani- 
mals nearest  man,  descending  the  scale,  he  finds  the  germ  of 
mind  in  the  Infusoria,  Heliozoa  and  the  Amebas.  Chap.  II 
treats  of  some  of  the  least  well  known  instincts.  Starting  with 
the  idea  that  instinct  is  hardly  distinguishable  from  personal 
initiative,  one  soon  arrives  at  instincts  too  wise  to  be  com- 
passed by  the  inventive  power  of  the  creature  itself,  to  say 
nothing  of  many  instincts  inseparably  connected  with  appro- 
priate organs :  thus  one  reaches  a  domain  virginal  and  rich. 
Chap.  Ill  relates  curious  facts  bearing  upon  the  problem  of 
organic  construction.  Chap.  IV  treats  extensively  of  mimicry, 
seen  from  many  points  of  view.  The  author  describes  in  some 
detail  the  extraordinary  leaf-grasshoppers  of  tropical  America, 
which  he  alone  has  had  opportunity  to  study  in  detail. 

The  second  part  is  concerned  with  Evolution :  certain,  but 
inexplicable,  manifestly  so  in  the  case  of  the  origin  of  the 
Tentaculifera,  the  multiplication  of  types  of  the  Radiolaria 
and,  above  all,  when  one  considers  certain  mutations  which  in- 
volve an  enormous,  sudden  change,  such  as  the  origin  of  Sac- 
ciilina  and  development  of  the  beak  in  various  reptiles  and  birds 
of  the  Secondary  Era.  A  study  of  development  of  the  feather 
and  a  visit  to  the  world  of  flowers  bring  to  an  end  the  second 
part. 

863  works  are  cited  in  the  Bibliographic  Index.  1004  species 
or  varieties  are  mentioned  in  the  Systematic  Index.  An  impor- 
tant Biological  Index  is  presented.  A  Philosophical  Index  is 
concerned  with  that  philosophy  of  nature,  the  foundations  of 
which  it  is  the  mission  of  science  to  establish. 

— PAUL  VIGNON, 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  177 

OBITUARY. 

Professor  JAMES  STEWART  HINE,  Director  of  the  Division 
of  Natural  History  of  the  Ohio  State  Archaeological  and  His- 
torical Museum,  died  December  22,  1^30.  His  death  was  due 
to  an  acute  heart  attack  and  occurred  in  his  home  while  he, 
his  children  and  the  neighhor  children  were  making  prepara- 
tions for  Christmas.  Professor  Hine  had  always  enjoyed  rohust 
health.  His  taking  away  was  without  warning. 

Professor  Hine  was  horn  at  Wauseon,  Ohio,  June  13,  1866, 
was  raised  on  a  farm  and  worked  his  way  through  Ohio  State 
University,  where  he  received  the  B.  S.  degree  in  1893.  From 
this  time  to  his  death  his  activities  were  centered  on  the  Univer- 
sity Campus,  first  on  the  faculty  of  Ohio  State  University,  and 
in  his  later  years  at  the  Archaeological  Museum.  From  1894 
to  1896  he  was  Instructor  in  Entomology,  from  1896-1902, 
Assistant  Professor  of  Zoology  and  Entomology,  and  from 
1902  to  1925,  Associate  Professor  of  Entomolgy.  In  1925 
the  Ohio  State  Archaeological  Museum  decided  to  develop  a 
Division  of  Ohio  Natural  History  which  could  cooperate  with 
the  state  high  schools  and  Professor  Hine,  because  of  his  wide 
knowledge  of  the  state  fauna,  was  asked  to  organize  the  divi- 
sion. During  1925-1927  he  devoted  half  his  time  to  teaching 
and  half  to  the  organization  of  the  Division  of  Natural  His- 
tory. From  1927  till  his  death,  1930,  he  devoted  full  time  to 
the  latter  position. 

In  his  earlier  years  of  teaching  Professor  Hine  handled  at 
one  time  or  another  the  various  courses  given  in  entomology, 
hut  in  later  years  came  more  into  the  teaching  of  apiculture. 
He  had  received  his  biological  education  under  David  Kellicott 
when  the  field  was  almost  wholly  morphological  and  systematic. 
With  this  start  his  interests  in  research  through  life  were  almost 
wholly  systematic. 

His  first  extended  collecting  trip  beyond  the  borders  of  Ohio 
was  during  June  to  September,  1903.  when  he  worked  at  the 
Gulf  Biologic  Station  of  the  University  of  Louisiana,  at  Cam- 
eron on  the  Gulf  Coast.  His  study  here,  besides  general  col- 
lecting, was  on  horse  (lies  and  at  least  six  subsequent  papers 
were  written  on  this  work,  the  main  ones  being  A  preliminary 


178  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,   '31 

report  on  the  horseflies  of  Louisiana,  1906,  and  A  second  re- 
port on  the  horseflies  of  Louisiana,  1907. 

His  second  extensive  collecting  trip  was  taken  during  Janu- 
ary to  March,  1905,  in  Central  America  with  E.  B.  Williamson, 
and  C.  C.  Beam,  where  Hine  collected  Odonata  and  Diptera. 
The  records  of  Odonata  are  given  in  the  Supplement  to  the 
Neuroptera  of  the  Biologia  Ccutrali  Americana,  but  his  bibliog- 
raphy gives  no  papers  on  the  Diptera  of  this  trip. 

The  third  trip  was  during  July  and  August.  1907,  to 
Southern  California,  the  Huachucha  Mountains  of  Arizona  and 
to  Northern  Mexico.  The  Odonata  of  this  trip  are  in  the  Wil- 
liamson Collection.  No  special  papers  were  written  on  the 
material. 

From  about  this  time  on  Hine  had  built  up  by  collecting  and 
trading  such  a  large  collection  of  Diptera,  particularly  Tabani- 
dae  and  Asilidae  that  the  majority  of  his  subsequent  papers 
were  revisions  of  groups  and  papers  on  new  species. 

During  the  ten  years  from  1907  to  1917  Hine  spent  his  vaca- 
tions in  the  development  of  his  apple  farm  at  Ira,  Ohio,  a  few 
miles  from  Akron.  While  regretting  the  loss  of  time  for  col- 
lecting trips  he  felt  that  getting  his  four  children  onto  a  farm 
each  summer  more  than  paid  for  his  time  lost  from  entomo- 
logical work.  Eventually  the  orchard  became  very  profitable 
and  as  the  city  of  Akron  grew  it  became  very  valuable. 

In  1917  Professor  Hine  went  as  entomologist  and  ornithol- 
ogist on  the  first  National  Geographic  Society  expedition  under 
the  direction  of  Robert  Griggs  to  the  Katmai  volcanic  region 
of  Alaska.  Hine  arrived  at  Kodiak  Island  June  8,  1917,  col- 
lected there  until  June  14,  when  the  expedition  crossed  to 
Katmai  Bay,  June  15th.  He  spent  the  greater  part  of  his 
time  collecting  birds,  small  mammals  and  insects  in  the  region 
within  15-20  miles  of  the  base  cam])  on  Katmai  Bay,  but  made 
trips  into  Katmai  Valley  and  into  the  Valley  of  10,000  Smokes. 
August  30  to  September  20  was  spent  on  Kodiak  Island,  when 
the  expedition  returned  to  the  States. 

In  1919  Professor  Hine  went  as  entomologist  and  ornithol- 
ogist on  the  second  National  Geographic  Society  expedition  to 


xlii,  '31 J  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  179 

the  Katmai  region.  He  arrived  at  the  base  camp  at  the  head 
of  Naknek  Lake,  June  21,  and  spent  the  most  of  the  summer 
collecting  in  the  vicinity  of  the  hase  camp.  During  June  26-30 
and  July  6-10  trips  were  made  by  boat  down  Naknek  Lake. 
Starting  August  17,  he  made  a  trip  over  Katmai  Range  to 
Katmai  Crater  and  back  to  Katmai  Bay,  Kocliak  Island  and 
Seattle,  where  he  arrived  September  26.* 

The  only  papers  specifically  on  these  trips  appear  to  be  The 
birds  of  the  Katmai  Region,  1919,  Description  of  Alaskan 
Diptcra  of  the  Family  Syrphidae,  1922,  and  Alaskan  species  of 
Diptcra.  of  the  genus  Hclophilns,  1923. 

During  the  winter  of  1922-23  Hine  studied  at  the  Zoological 
Museum  of  the  University  of  Michigan  with  two  or  three 
weeks  during  this  period  at  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

In  1925  he  made  a  trip  with  the  writer  to  England  during 
August  and  September  for  the  purpose  of  studying  types  of 
Tabanidae,  particularly  those  of  Walker,  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum. Except  for  a  few  short  trips  into  the  region  about  Lon- 
don his  whole  time  was  spent  at  the  Museum  studying  tabanid 
types. 

In  1923  Professor  Hine  made  a  trip  to  southern  Florida  and 
Cuba  lasting  from  March  to  May  15.  He  made  extensive 
collections  of  Diptera  and  Odonata.t 

When  Professor  Hine  shifted  in  1925  from  the  Department 
of  Zoology  and  Entomology  of  Ohio  State  University  to  the 
Directorship  of  the  Division  of  Natural  History  in  the  Archae- 
ological Museum,  he  found  the  type  of  work  and  the  oppor- 
tunity for  which  he  proved  to  be  especially  fitted.  His  work 
here  involved  the  building  of  collections  of  all  types  of  animal 
life  found  in  ( )hio.  He  was  given  a  staff  of  three  assistants 
and  worked  at  every  opportunity  through  a  group  of  enthusi- 
astic amateur  collectors,  some  of  whom  have  already  developed 
a  broad  knowledge  of  the  Ohio  fauna.  Besides  the  extensive 
insect  collections  the  Museum  already  has  very  complete  col- 
lections of  the  birds,  mammals,  amphibians  and  fishes  of  Ohio. 

*  I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  J.  O.  Sayre  for  the  data  from  his  field  notes 
on  the  Alaskan  trips. 

f  The  latter  have  been  found,  while  examining  his  collections  since  his 
death,  to  have  been  ruined  by  dermestids. 


180  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,    '31 

An  excellent  ornithological  library  has  been  assembled  by  pur- 
chase. For  the  first  time  in  his  life  Hine  showed  his  great 
ability  to  interest  others  in  natural  history  to  the  extent  of  giv- 
ing time  and  money  to  the  building  up  of  Ohio  collections. 

All  during  his  life  Professor  Mine's  interest,  second  to  that 
in  insects,  was  in  birds.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  first 
Wheaton  Club  organized  in  1896  and  its  record  book  shows 
that  he  gave  the  first  formal  paper  on  its  first  program,  "The 
Order  Pygopodes".  After  a  few  years  this  club  became  a 
social  thing  and  eventually  died.  In  1921  a  second  Wheaton 
Club  was  organized.  Hine  was  its  president  from  1921  to 
1927.  The  latter  took  in  permanent  Columbus  members  as 
well  as  University  students  and  has  become  a  stable  organi- 
zation. 

Through  his  teaching  of  apiculture  he  became  interested 
in  Ohio  apicultural  problems  and  was  active  for  many  years 
in  the  Ohio  Beekeepers  Association,  being  its  president  for 
several  years. 

To  Professor  Hine  the  real  joy  of  life  came  in  collecting 
in  the  field  and  in  systematic  work  in  his  laboratory.  He  was 
an  inveterate  collector  and  brought  together  by  field  work  and 
trading  very  fine  collections  of  Tabanidae  and  Asilidae  with 
much  material  on  other  large  Diptera.  He  was  equally  a  col- 
lector of  books  and,  having  purchased  the  C.  H.  T.  Townsend 
library,  built  on  it  an  excellent  library  on  the  systematics  of 
Diptera. 

His  bibliography  includes  92  titles  which  can  be  roughly 
divided  as  follows :  Diptera,  52  titles,  mostly  descriptions  and 
generic  revision;  Odonata  10;  other  groups  of  insects  23;  mam- 
mals 2;  birds  3;  and  on  horticulture  2.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  had  completed  all  the  basic  work  on  a  volume  on  the 
mammals  of  Ohio  and  on  a  monograph  of  the  Tabanidae  of 
North  America. 

Professor  Hine  had  the  gift  of  patience  and  a  very  great 
gift  in  his  ability  to  interest  others  in  birds  and  insects.  He 
has  left  a  lasting  impression  on  faunal  work  in  Ohio  and  on 
systematic  work  in  Tabanidae  and  Asilidae. 

— CLARENCE  HAMILTON   KENNEDY. 


JULY, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  ITS 


Vol.  XLII  No.  7 


Ik 

™ 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 


CONTENTS 

Calvert— Dr.  Friedrich  Ris 181 

A  Scarcity  of  Specialists .  191 

Chamberlin — Parachernes  ronnaii,  a  New  Genus  and  Species  of  False 

Scorpion  from  Brazil  (Arachnida-Chelonethida) 192 

Peters — A  New  Louse  from  Domestic  Chickens  (Malloph.:  Philopteri- 

dae).  ...  195 

Rau — Notes  on  the  Homing  of  Several  Species  of  Wasps  (Chrysididae, 

Sphegoidea.  Vespoidea) 199 

Haskin— Some  Unusual  Occurrences  of  Butterflies  in  Connecticut 

(Lepid.:  Pieridae,  Nymphalidae) 201 

Musgrave — A  Coleopterous  Enemy  of  Corydalis  cornuta  L.  (Anthi- 

cidae;  Neur.:  Sialididae) 202 

Congratulations  to  Dr,  L.  O.  Howard 203 

Caudell— Notes  on  Blattidae,  Adventive  to  the  United  States  (Orthop.)  ^204 

Entomological  Literature 205 

Review — Imms'  Recent  Advances  in  Entomology 209 

Obituary — Ferdinand  F.  Crevecoeur 212 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January  15, 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert.  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors. 

Advisory  Committee:  Philip  Laurent,  J,  A.  G  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  sibscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .         .         $3.00 
Canada     .  ....          3.15 

Foreign  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:     Full  width  of  page.     Payments  in  advance 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues        "       11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub 
scriptions,  non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com 
munications  to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July.  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numbers 
•f  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENT   NEWS.  VOL  XLII. 


PLATE  IV. 


THIS  PORTRAIT  IS  REPRODUCED.  BY  PERMISSION.  FROM  THE  MITTEILUNGEN  " 
OF  THE  SWISS  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY.  VOL.  XV.  NO.  2:  THE  AUTOGRAPH  IS 
FROM  A  LETTER  OF  SEPTEMBER  3.  1929. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLII.  JULY,   1931  No.  7 

Dr.  Friedrich  Ris. 

(Portrait  and  autograph  Plate  IV) 

Dr.  Friedrich  Ris  was  born  in  Glarus,  Switzerland,  January 
8,  1867,  as  the  second  oldest  of  four  children,  three  brothers 
and  one  sister.  The  family  since  the  sixteenth  century  were 
citizens  of  Glarus,  the  little  capital  of  the  canton  Glarus,  one  of 
the  old  mountain  cantons.  In  1873  he  entered  the  school  of  the 
little  town.  It  was  a  Volkschule  and  there  was  no  other,  but  it 
was  of  good  standing,  so  that  when  the  family  moved  to  Zurich 
in  1881  F.  Ris  could  attend,  without  trouble,  Class  III  B  of  the 
Lower  Gymnasium,  with  the  Zuricher  boys  of  his  own  age.  He 
attended  the  Zurich  Gymnasium  up  to  the  Maturitatsprufung 
in  1885.  He  selected  the  study  of  medicine  and  completed  all 
five  semesters  at  the  University  of  Zurich.  In  1890  he  passed 
the  State  Examination  and  acquired  the  doctor's  diploma  in 
the  same  year.  His  doctor's  thesis  concerned  a  surgical  ques- 
tion and  was  approved  by  the  then  Professor  of  Surgery  of 
the  University,  Dr.  Kronlein. 

In  order  to  see  something  of  the  world  after  his  student 
years,  passed  entirely  in  Zurich,  he  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Norddeutscherlloyd  at  Bremen  as  a  ship's  doctor.  He  made 
four  voyages,  one  to  North  America,  two  to  South  America 
and  one  to  the  East  as  far  as  Shanghai.  His  brief  shore 
leaves  he  used  preferably  for  entomological  excursions. 

After  his  return  he  was  in  the  surgical  division  of  the  can- 
tonal hospital  at  Zurich  as  assistant  physician,  1892-93,  under 
Prof.  Kronlein.  It  was  a  time  of  extremely  severe  hospital 
work.  Free  days  were  used  for  high  mountain  tours  and 
entomological  excursions.  In  1892  there  was  a  short  visit  to 
the  Eppendorf  Hospital  in  Hamburg,  where  his  student  friend 
Dr.  L.  Manchot  worked.  A  cholera  epidemic  prevailed  at 
Hamburg  and  his  friend  had  asked  Dr.  Ris  to  come  and  study 
the  disease  on  the  spot.  Dr.  Ris  possessed  an  unusual  gift  for 

181 


182  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jluy->    '31 

surgical  medicine,  thanks  to  his  sure  and  light  touch.  Indeed, 
as  assistant  physician  in  the  Insane  Hospital  at  Rheinau,  and 
later  as  Director,  he  performed  for  years  all  major  and  minor 
operations  both  in  the  Institute  and  in  the  village  of  Rheinau. 
Later,  as  he  himself  said,  the  technique  changed  in  many  re- 
spects and  since  the  Winterthur  Hospital  was  near  he  had 
his  surgical  patients  treated  there.  In  serious  cases,  however, 
he  would  always  take  part. 

In  1895  he  left  the  Cantonal  Hospital  at  Zurich,  as  exclu- 
sively surgical  activity  had  not  pleased  him.  He  entered  the 
service  of  the  Insane  Hospital  at  Rheinau  as  Assistant  Physi- 
cian under  Bleuler,  who  was  then  Director.  In  1897  the  canton 
Tessin  began  the  construction  of  its  Insane  Hospital  and  called 
Dr.  Ris  as  Director  thereof.  He  accepted  the  call  and  went 
to  Mendrisio  after  some  months  of  study  with  Prof.  Forel  in 

j 

Burgholzli.  In  Mendrisio,  building  came  first,  but  as  over- 
seeing the  building  did  not  fully  occupy  his  time  and  mind,  he 
obtained  permission  to  dwell  in  Pavia  and  to  work  in  Golgi's 
laboratory  there.  When  in  1898  Prof.  Forel  retired  from  his 
office,  Bleuler  became  his  successor  as  Director  of  Burgholzli 
and  professor  of  Psychiatry.  Dr.  Ris  was  chosen  as  Director 
of  the  Insane  Hospital  at  Rheinau,  where  he  remained  to  his 
death. 

This  is  an  outline  of  the  medical  career  of  Dr.  Ris.  It  is 
accompanied  by  another,  that  of  the  learned  investigator  of 
Nature.  This  begins  in  early  youth  and  is  really  the  main 
career  and  that  of  the  physician  is  added  to  it.  Dr.  Ris  began 
butterfly  collecting  as  a  boyish  sport,  which  was  soon  cultivated 
with  great  earnestness  and  thoroughness,  as  I  well  remember. 
He  was  encouraged  in  this  in  early  boyhood  years,  not  by  a 
teacher,  but  by  a  notable  woman  who  practised  the  calling  of 
taxidermist,  that  is,  she  stuffed  animals  of  all  kinds  for  collec- 
tions and  museums.  She  had  thereby  acquired,  self-taught,  a 
well-founded  knowledge  in  diverse  fields  of  natural  science, 
that  is  of  zoology.  She  showed  the  boy  the  knack  of  spread- 
ing insects  and  preparing  them,  and  lent  him  her  books  on 
Natural  History.  At  the  Zurich  Gymnasium,  Prof.  Gustav 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  183 

Schoch,  who  taught  Zoology,  soon  noticed  his  scholar  Ris.  He 
introduced  him  into  the  "Entomologische  Kranzchen,"  a  small 
society  of  Zurich  entomologists  from  the  most  varied  walks 
of  life.  In  1886  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Max  Stand- 
fuss,  who  had  hecome  Conservator  at  the  "Eidgenossische 
Technische  Hochschule."  This  acquaintance  became  a  life-long 
friendship.  At  the  end  of  the  eighties  hegan  the  correspond- 
ence with  Baron  de  Selys-Longchamps.1  That  with  K.  J.  Mor- 
ton was  "begun  in  1893  on  the  introduction  of  the  late  Mr. 
McLachlan",  that  with  the  writer  in  1896.  Sixty-four  of  his 
letters  and  cards,  from  December  22,  1896,  to  September  23, 
1930,  lie  before  me  and  I  shall  let  them  tell,  as  nearly  as  pos- 
sible, the  story  of  his  entomological  work.  Two  of  the  earliest 
are  in  German,  the  remainder  in  English :  "schreiben  Sie  mir 
Englisch",  so  runs  the  first  letter,  "ich  verstehe  es  vollstandig, 
schreibe  es  auch,  aber  dies  doch  nicht  so  leicht,  dass  ich  da, 
wo  es  moglich  ist,  nicht  lieber  meine  Muttersprache  anwendete." 
That  same  letter,  of  December  22,  1896,  is  prophetic  of  what 
was  to  be  his  greatest  work : 

Einen  Plan  den  ich  einst  hegte,  namlich  Material  zu  sammeln, 
um  selbst  die  Synopsis  der  Libellulinen  auszuarbeiten,  habe  ich 
so  ziemlich  wiecler  ausgegeben.  Meine  Berufsarbeiten  als  Arzt 
und  Direktor  einer  (allerdings  sehr  kleiner)  Irrenanstalt  ges- 
tatten  mir  kaum  so  weitreichende  entomologische  Arbeiten  zu 
unternehmen.  Ich  bemiihe  mich  aber  sehr  meine  Sammlung 
von  Libellen  der  ganzen  Welt  zu  vergrossern,  oder  eigentlich 
ist  zu  schaffen.  denn  zur  Zeit  ist  sie  noch  sehr  klein. 

In  the  same  epistle  too,  he  wrote :  Beside  the  Odonata  I 
concern  myself  also  with  other  Neuroptera,  particularly  the 
Trichoptera  in  recent  years  have  absorbed  a  large  part  of  my 
time  available  for  entomology.  (Transl.) 

Many  of  his  letters  are,  naturally,  occupied  with  remarks  on 
one  or  other  of  our  entomological  papers  which  we  were  con- 
stantlv  exchanging,  or  on  work  in  progress. 

In  July  I  was  with  M.  de  Selys  Longchamps  at  Liege  and 
Longchamps  and  with  M.  Rene  Martin  at  Le  Blanc.  The  study 
nf  the  two  great  collections  was  extraordinarily  interesting  to 
me.  (1.  Aug.  1899.) 

1  Up  to  this  point  I  am  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Fraulein  ELISABETH 
Ris  for  this  account  nf  her  brother. 


184  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  utyv    '31 


My  own  interest  in  Odonata  is  as  active  as  is  possible  with 
regard  to  my  time  for  entomology.  I  am  engaged  in  rather 
heavy  work,  having  agreed  to  the  wishes  of  Baron  de  Selys 
Longchamps'  son  (and  his  own  as  deposited  in  his  testament) 
and  undertaken  the  collaboration  in  a  Catalogue  of  the  Selysian 
collection.  Sometimes  I  am  really  afraid  that  I  have  under- 
taken too  much  and  am  not  able  to  finish  what  I  have  begun— 
not  by  want  of  zeal  (and  insight,  as  I  might  perhaps  venture 
to  add)  but  merely  by  lack  of  time.  But  I  hope  still  and  am 
busy  in  that  time  which  I  can  dispose  of.  My  part  in  the  work 
is  the  Libellulinae  and  I  earnestly  try  to  make  of  it  not  a  mere 
catalogue  of  the  collection,  but  a  review  and  synopsis  of  all 
that  is  described  to  date.  More  especially  will  I  try  to  bring 
Brauer's  system  (which  is  still  the  best)  up  to  date  and  to 
group  the  genera  as  well  as  may  be  done  without  knowledge 
of  the  early  stages.  Then  a  careful  study  and  in  many  cases 
a  new  description  of  the  Ramburian  types  is  necessary.  My 
idea  of  the  work  (more  especially  of  my  part,  the  Libellulinae) 
is  to  give  : 

1.  A  critical  catalogue  of  species   (Kirby's  work  will  be  of 
great  value   as   an   almost   complete   bibliographical    reference, 
much  less  so   for  systematics  and   for  critical  examination  of 
species  and  descriptions). 

2.  A  system  of  Libellulinae  up  to  date. 

3.  Keys  to  the  more  numerous   [in  species]   and  more  diffi- 
cult genera. 

4.  Complete  descriptions  of  such  species  as  might  prove  new 
and  of  the  Ramburian  types  as  far  as  there  is  need  of  such. 

5.  Special  reference  to  where  a  complete  description  may  be 
found. 

I  do  not  care  to  have  any  great  number  of  nov.  spec,  to 
present  (I  really  think  there  are  not  so  many  as  one  might 
suppose)  but  will  earnestly  try  to  know  not  only  what  is  really 
described  but  also  distinct.  Mr.  Kirby  has  collected  the  names 

j 

with  marvellous  patience  and  learning,  but  I  would  try  to  get 
through  the  names  on  the  matter  itself,  as  M.  de  Selys  has 
done  on  those  groups  that  he  has  worked  out.  The  task  is, 
indeed,  very  heavy,  but  if  I  can  get  through,  something  good 
might  be  done. 

I  repeat  that  priority  questions  to  me  are  absolutely  of  no 
consequence  in  the  present  work  and  that  my  only  ambition 
is  to  get  up  a  tolerably  reliable  systematic  and  critical  catalogue 
of  Libellulinae  with  here  and  there  a  description  where  there 
is  need  for  it  and  some  good  keys  for  the  large  and  difficult 
genera.  In  not  a  few  genera  (  I  may  name  Tramca,  Orthetrum, 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  185 

Old  World  7^'ithcinis,  etc.)  great  slaughter  of  old  (and  some- 
times new)  names  will  be  necessary  to  bring  some  order  into 
the  matter.  (1  Dec.  1901.) 

Sometimes  the  work  seems  interminable  and  courage  is  nearly 
failing.  (2  Feb.  1906.)  I  am  much  more  inclined  to  reduc- 
tion than  to  multiplication  of  genera.  (18  Feb.  1906.) 

I  will  not  be  long  in  telling  you  what  I  have  done  in  London. - 
My  time  was  too  short  for  paving  a  visit  to  Mr.  Champion 
without  being  in  a  hurry  and  so  I  did  not  use  the  letter  of 
introduction  that  you  had  so  kindly  given  me.  So  besides  the 
Natural  History  Museum  and  a  Sunday  afternoon  at  Kew,  I 
have  seen  nothing  of  the  sights  of  London,  the  greatest  sight 
being  indeed  always  the  Metropolis  itself.  My  stay  was  of 
but  one  week.  From  the  many  notes  that  I  have  taken  at  the 
British  Museum,  I  will  take  out  such  as  might  interest  you 
for  the  B[iologia]  C[entrali-]  Afmericana],  together  with  such 
observations  in  the  same  line  from  the  de  Selys  collection  where 
I  have  again  worked  for  eight  days  before  going  to  London, 
(5  Nov.  1906.) 

A  serious  injury  to  an  eye  (received,  I  believe,  in  the  in- 
stitute at  Rheinau)  threatened  the  continuance  of  his  work  on 
the  Catalogue ;  it  is  referred  to  in  two  of  his  letters : 

I  have  to  thank  you  heartily  for  two  very  kind  letters.  The 
first  I  received  when  in  the  hospital  at  Winterthiir  for  treat- 
ment after  that  bad  accident,  the  second  when  I  was  just  leav- 
ing home  for  Italy.  I  think  the  best  I  can  do  for  myself,  and 
to  merit  all  those  good  wishes  I  received  from  many  friends  is 
to  be  courageous  and  try  to  get  on  again  as  if  things  were  un- 
changed. That  of  course  they  are  not;  but  the  deep  mental, 
and  to  some  degree  also  physical,  depression  that  immediately 
followed  the  accident,  is  now  fairly  over.  I  am  here  at  Ischia 
with  a  good  friend  (Prof.  Lang,  zoologist  of  Zurich  Univer- 
sity) where  we  both  take  long  walks  for  health  and  distraction 
and  do  some  little  work.  I  have  here  my  Libellulinae  notes 
and  am  working  at  the  printer's  copy,  getting  on  pretty  well 
.  .  .  The  oculist  told  me  that  the  right  eye,  although  short- 
sighted, is  good  for  any  kind  of  work  and' that  I  have  not  to 
take  any  special  regards.  (  Porto  Is.,  Ischia.  Italv,  24  March 
1W.)  ' 

"This  was  in  May,  1906,  when  he  made  his  only  visit  to  (iivat  llritain 
and  spent  a  few  days  at  Edinburgh  with  Mr.  Morton  (K.  J.  M.  in  litt 
9.  June,  1906,  and  Ent.  Mo.  Ma.u.  Ixvii.  j>.  66,  March,  1931;  tlie  latter 
reference  is  to  an  appreciative  obituary  of  Dr.  Ris). 


186  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July.',    '31 

You  were  so  kind  as  to  ask  about  my  personal  health,  etc. 
Well,  I  think  I  overcame  pretty  well  the  great  blow  which  the 
entire  loss  (such  it  was)  of  my  left  eye  was  at  first  and  to  a 
certain  extent  continues  to  be  ...  I  dare  say  I  am  doing,  since 
about  the  end  of  the  year  1907,  when  the  immediate  effects  of 
the  disaster  began  slowly  to  vanish,  my  fair  share  of  work. 
In  professional  duties,  I  have  gradually  taken  up  again  all  my 
work  ...  In  entomology,  I  think  I  have  done,  since  the  end 
of  1907,  more  work  than  in  any  corresponding  period  of  my 
life.  The  reason  is  simple,  for  I  was  soon  aware  that  the  best 
way  to  forget  and  not  to  haunt  after  regrets  for  the  past  and 
better  days  was  to  give  way  to  a  certain  working  fever  that 
from  time  to  time  came  over  me.  Formerly  I  had  sometimes 
thought  of  giving  up  entomology,  at  least  temporarily,  as  being 
in  contrast  [conflict]  with  my  duties;  but  now  I  feel  I  owe  too 
much  to  that  science  to  give  way  at  any  time  to  such  a  thought. 
(27  Feb.  1909.) 

Printing  of  the  Libelluline  portion  of  the  Selys  Catalogue 
began  at  Brussels  in  the  Spring  of  1909  and  continued  until 
1913,  forming  fascicles  9-16  (Ire  partie)  of  the  whole  series. 
In  the  meantime,  as  is  usual  in  such  cases,  a  large  amount  of 
additional  material  was  placed  at  Ris's  disposition  for  study, 
especially  the  extensive  Guatemalan,  Guianan  and  Trinidad  col- 
lections of  E.  B.  Williamson.  Work  on  a  supplement  dealing 
with  these  was  begun.  The  World  War  broke  out,  interfering 
with  further  publication  at  Brussels. 

The  following  is  the  situation  of  the  last  part  of  the  Libel- 
lulinen  of  the  Selysian  Catalogue.  It  is  very  nearly  finished; 
proofs  are  now  being  read  of  the  alphabetical  index ;  besides  the 
rest  of  this  index  and  some  title  pages,  everything  is  printed. 
But — as  far  as  I  am  aware,  M.  Severin  had  not  the  intention 
to  send  off  the  edition  before  the  end  of  the  war.  (20  March 
1916.) 

Various  plans  were  considered  for  the  preliminary  publica- 
tion of  the  new  species  in  the  United  States  or  in  Holland. 
Finally 

My  friend  Severin  writes  to  me  that  the  last  installment  of 
my  Libellulinae  monograph  (with  the  indices  and  bibliography) 
has  been  deposited  on  March  1,  1919,  at  the  National  Library, 
Academy  of  Sciences,  etc.  It  therefore  may  lie  regarded  as 
published  at  that  date.  (11  March,  1919.) 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  187 

This  monograph  of  "Libellulinen"  of  1248  quarto  pages,  692 
text  figures  and  8  colored  plates  is  undoubtedly  Ris'  great  and 
lasting  contribution  to  science.  It  has  been  reviewed  in  the 
NEWS  3  at  some  length  and  therefore  will  not  be  further  dis- 
cussed here. 

Ris's  general  papers  on  the  (  Klonata,  seven  in  number,  in- 
clude, in  addition  to  the  Libelluline  monograph,  UntersHch- 
unyen  it.  die  (iestalt  des  Kuiiinagens  bei  den  Libellen  it.  ihrcn 
Law  en  (1896)  4,  with  phylogenetic  conclusions,  Oriposition  in 
Cordulcyastcr  (1905),  Kopidationsmarken  bei  Libellen  (1910), 
Die  Atmungsorgane  d.  anisopleren  Libellenlaruen  (1913), 
Uebcr  Ontogencse  d.  Fliiyeladeruny  bei  den  Libellen  (1916), 
and  Gynandromorphismits  bei  Odonaten  (1929).  Seventeen 
papers  refer  to  the  palaearctic  fauna  (Switzerland  1886,  1890, 
1894,  1897,  1916,  1919;  Spain  1927;  central  Europe  1900,  1909, 
1910,  1920;  Europe  in  general  1906,  1927;  Central  Asia  1897, 
Persian  Gulf  1928;  China  1928,  Northern  Africa  1911,  1928), 
twelve  to  the  Oriental  (six  to  the  Asiatic  mainland  or  nearby 
islands,  1912,  1914,  1916,  1917,  1927,  1930,  six  to  the  Malay 
Archipelago  1911,  1912.  1915.  1916,  1927,  1930).  Seven  papers 
are  concerned  with  the  Australasian  area  (1898,  1900,  1910, 
l'H3  two,  1915,  1929),  eleven  with  the  Ethiopian  region  (1909, 
1911  two.  1912,  1913,  1915  two,  1917,  1<J21,  1924,  1931).  Four 
relate  to  Nearctic  species  (1902,  1903,  1910,  1930)  although  the 
last  of  these,  that  on-Peritlteinis,  is  even  more  concerned  with 
neotropical  forms.  Nine  more  papers  are  restricted  to  the  neo- 
tropical fauna  (1904,  1908,  1912,  1913,  1914,  1917,  1918,  1928  5 
two). 

Of  these  faunal  papers,  special  importance  is  to  be  assigned 
to  the  larval  studies  on  central  European  material  (1909,  1910, 
1920),  the  extensive  memoirs  on  (  hlonata  of  Formosa  (1912, 
1916).  on  E.  Jacobson's  collections  in  Java  (1912)  and  Sumatra 
(1927),  the  handbook,  as  it  really  is,  for  South  African 

"Vol.  XXXI,  pp.  26-28, Jan.  19_>(>.  The  edit. .rial  in  our  issue  for 
November,  1918,  entitled  "Entomology  in  Central  Europe,"  gives  extracts 
from  Ris's  letters  of  3  March  and  U>  Sept.,  1918,  without  mention  of  his 
name,  and  testify  to  the  depression  produced  by  the  war. 

'  See  Ent.  News,  viii,  pp.  39-40,  1897,  for  an  abstract. 

'"'  Reference  to  the  Zoological  Record  for  the  years  given  for  the  papers 
will  give  the  place  of  publication. 


188  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Dragonflies  (1921)  and  Lib  ell  en  aus  dcr  Region  dcr  ameri- 
kanischen  Kordillercn  von  Costa  Rica  bis  Catamarca  (1918). 

At  least  five  of  the  papers  enumerated  above  as  referring  to 
the  Swiss  fauna  contain  data  on  other  "Neuroptera"  as  well. 
There  are  besides  at  least  five  papers  especially  concerned  with 
Perlidae  (1896,  1902,  1903,  1905,  1913)  four  with  Trichoptera 
(1893,  1895,  1903,  1904)  one  with  Plecoptera,  Neuroptera  and 
Trichoptera  (1923) — all  of  the  Swiss  fauna. 

There  are  four  general  entomological  papers :  Ucbcr  Rich- 
tungslinicn  dcr  Systcnwtik  (1916),  Dcr  Artbcgriff,  insbeson- 
dcre  in  dcr  Entomologic  (1918),  Bcobachtungcn  und  Gcdankcn 
iibcr  Zoogcographic  aitf  kleinsteni  Return  (1924)  and  Die 
gcographischc  Vcrbrcitung  dcr  Inscktcn  dcr  Schwcis  (1926), 
the  last  being  one  of  the  opening  addresses  at  the  Third  En- 
tomological Congress  at  Zurich,  in  July,  1925. 

In  later  years  his  interest  in  collecting  and  rearing  Lepidop- 
tera  revived.  His  friendship  with  Dr.  M.  Standfuss,  to  which 
his  sister  has  referred,  had  led  to  a  detailed  summary  (1895) 
of  Standfuss'  experiments  on  the  effect  of  extreme  tempera- 
tures on  Lepidopterous  pupae  and  a  review  (1896)  of  the 
second  edition  of  the  latter's  Handbuch  dcr  palaarctischen 
Grosschmettcrlinge.  After  the  Libelluline  monograph  was  well 
out  of  the  way,  the  fruits  of  butterfly  studies  appeared  in  papers 
on  sexual  characters  of  pupae  (1920),  the  sphragis  of  Par- 
nassius  (1924),  the  generations  of  Picris  napi  (1928),  and 
seasonal  forms  of  Swiss  butterflies  (1930). 

Several  fairly  extensive  pieces  of  taxonomic  research  were 
still  on  his  hands  when  he  passed  away — the  African  Pseuda- 
grions,  Orthemis,  Neotropical  Trameas  with  new  materials, 
Chinese  and  Philippine  collections. 

And  in  the  background  of  all  stands  preparatory  work  for 
a  new  Catalogue  of  Odonata.  If  I  live  (in  good  condition  for 
work)  to  1932,  when  I  can  retire,  and  if  nobody  else  does  the 
work  in  the  meantime,  I  hope  I  shall  do  it.  When  a  year  ago 
I  made  a  summary  extract  of  the  Calopterygidae  for  Sjostedt, 
I  found  that  three-fifths  of  the  species  were  represented  in 
Kirby's  work,  two-fifths  not  yet  catalogued.  Similar  propor- 
tions supposed  to  exist  all  over  the  order,  it  is  evident  that  a 
new  catalogue  would  be  desirable  (17  Nov.  1928). 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  189 

Regarding  catalogs:  My  idea  is  not  to  put  Kirby's  Cat.  up 
to  date,  but  to  make  an  entirely  new  thing.  It  is  very  ques- 
tionable if  I  ever  arrive  to  do  that;  the  possibilities  fully  depend 
on  the  condition  in  which  I  may  eventually  retire  from  my 
office ;  the  date  would  be  1932 ;  it  is  a  long  way  to  that  and 
before  I  am  retired  I  can  only  undertake  minor  work  in  en- 
tomology, since  the  forces  are  no  more  sufficient  to  do  both 
things :  professional  duties  and  serious  research  work.  But  I 
am,  as  a  means  that  eventually  could  also  serve  another  person 
and  successor,  keeping  up  to  date  a  manuscript  catalog  of  all 
described  living  Odonata,  into  which  every  record  of  Odonata, 
that  passes  through  my  hands,  is  put  down.  Every  name  has 
a  sheet ;  in  the  newer  parts  cross  references  are  regularly 
entered  and  such  are  also  made  as  soon  as  they  turn  up  for  the 
older  parts.  The  whole  is  divided  into  subfamilies  for  Ani- 
soptera,  'legions'  for  Zygoptera;  within  the  subfamilies  or 
'legions'  genera  are  arranged  alphabetically,  so  are  species 
within  genera.  Geographical  notes  are  always  extracted,  other 
remarks  often  added.  The  whole  thing  is  very  nearly  com- 
plete. For  a  printed  catalog,  the  great  question  would  be  to 
arrange  systematically  the  alphabetical  rough  material.  This 
latter  task  would,  to  my  view,  need  a  volume  of  comment.  .  .  . 
If  I  live  up  to  1932  in  good  form  for  such  work,  it  shall  be 
the  first  thing  that  I  undertake;  if  not,  the  MS.  catalog  may 
pass  to  somebody  else  for  similar  use.  .  .  .  The  catalog  is 
written  on  writing  paper  (octavo),  not  cards,  and  in  a  number 
of  portfolios,  measures  55  cm.  over  the  back.  Together  with 
the  set  of  books  and  the  collection  it  makes  my  odonatological 
working  outfit  and  makes  me  almost  independent  from  the 
resources  of  a  great  city  and  enables  me  to  do  some  work  in 
this  out  of  the  way  place.  (25  Feb.,  1929.) 

The  technical  solution  of  a  general  collection  in  the  hands 
of  a  private  man  of  very  limited  means  was  given,  as  soon  as 
I  made  up  my  mind  to  renounce  the  setting  of  specimens  alto- 
gether ;  the  whole  collection  is  papered,  and  I  find  that  for 
working  purposes  this  condition  is  even  preferable  to  a  set  col- 
lection. (9  Jan.  1913.)  My  collection  (I  say  it  again  when 
examining  some  parts  with  Tillyard)  must  now  be  one  of  the 
largest  in  existence  (the  Museums  included).  It  is  in  good 
working  condition,  but  not  lit  for  show.  (7  Sept.  1926.) 

You  may  be  right  with  your  intentions  to  concentrate  your 
activities  on  the  t'ostarican  and  similar  materials.  Hut  I  freely 
admit  that  I  must  regret  such  a  decision.  I  see  the  moment 
coming  when  I  shall  thus  be  alone  to  try  for  a  comprehensive 
knowledge  of  the  whole  field.  The  Americans  conspicuously 
limit  their  investigations  to  the  inhabitants  of  their  own  two 


190  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

continents ;  °  Laidlaw,  Fraser,  Lieftinck  have  never  touched 
American  materials  ;  Morton  has  his  great  love  for  the  Palae- 
arctics ;  Schmidt  is  hesitating,  also  with  Palaearctic  sympathies. 
So  it  may  sometime  appear  that  my  own  work,  rambling  over 
the  five  continents,  must  necessarily  he  somewhat  superficial. 
Nevertheless  I  think  I  shall  continue  in  the  old  way,  partly  from 
real  interest  in  the  whole  series,  which  interest  I  can  only  tem- 
porarily concentrate  on  one  geographic  unit,  partly  from  a  feel- 
ing that  there  should  be  at  least  one  representative  of  the  older 
generation,  who  tries  to  lie  able  to  give  (with  due  allowance 
for  time  and  otherwise  limited  possibilities)  an  answer  to  any 
single  question  that  might  be  put  to  him  on  dragonflies  of  any 
part  of  the  world — thus  continuing  (perhaps  as  a  kind  of 
'glacial  relic')  the  traditions  of  Selys  and  McLachlan.  If  my 
hope  of  realizing  some  day  a  new  catalogue  is  not  vain,  the 
necessity  of  continuing  the  studies  on  the  universal  line  is,  of 
course,  imperative.  (23  Sept.  1930 — the  last  letter  I  had  from 
him!) 

The  students  of  the  Odonata  found  their  way  to  Rheinau: 
Morton  in  1904  (and  in  August,  1928,  at  Zurich),  R.  J.  Till- 
ard  and  Mrs.  Tillyard  in  1926,  E.  M.  Walker  in  the  summer  of 
1928.  the  writer  and  Mrs.  Calvert  in  August,  1929. 

Indeed  one  of  the  great  services  that  entomology  has  done 
me,  and  continues  to  do,  has  been  the  development  of  friend- 
ships that  have  given  color  and  distinction  to  an  existence  which 
otherwise  might  have  been  a  rather  dull  one  in  many  respects. 
So  nature  pays  to  her  lovers  not  only  with  her  own  admirable 
and  sublime  productions,  but  also  with  the  friendships  of  fel- 
low admirers  and  followers  of  her  beauty  and  profound  secrets. 
Like  to  yourself,  so  to  me,  correspondence  of  days  to  come  will 
be  enlivened  by  the  remembrance  of  a  personal  intercourse, 
which  was  delightful  in  every  respect  (3  Sept.  1929.) 

On  Tuesday,  January  27,  1931,  his  sister  writes  us.  Dr.  Ris 
attended  the  funeral  of  a  long-time  associate  in  Zurich.  On 
Thursday  evening,  the  29th,  he  was  arranging  lantern  slides  for 
a  lecture  to  the  patients  to  be  given  in  the  first  week  of  Febru- 
ary. On  the  following  morning,  when  he  did  not  appear  long 
after  his  usual  hour,  he  was  found  to  have  passed  away- 
apparently  peacefully  and  painlessly. 

From  her  letter  and  from  one  from  Mr.  K.  J.  Morton,  we 
learn  that,  under  Dr.  Ris's  will,  his  dragonfly  collection  with 

0  This,  of  course,  was  written  before  the  appearance  of  Prof.  Needham's 
extensive  Handbook  of  the  Dragonflies  of  China. 


xlii,    '31 J  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  191 

that  part  of  his  library,  printed  and  written,  referring  to  the 
Odonata,  and  his  entomological  correspondence,  goes  to  the 
Senckenherg  Museum  in  Frankfurt  am  Main;  the  Trichoptera, 
and  presumably  the  other  "Neuroptera",  and  pertinent  litera- 
ture, to  the  Entomologisches  Institut  der  schweizerischen  tech- 
nischen  Hochschule  in  Zurich ;  his  Swiss  butterflies  to  the 
Naturforschenden  Verein  in  Schaffhausen. 

Ris  was  truly  the  successor  of  de  Selys,  Brauer  and  Mc- 
Lachlan.  Morton,  in  his  obituary  notice,  and  Needham,  in  a 
private  letter,  both  use  the  word  "foremost"  to  designate  his 
place  as  an  authority,  a  student,  of  the  Odonata  of  the  world, 
and  rightly  so.  When  I  read  a  sentence  in  his  letter  of  14  Jan., 
1930,  to  me :  "do  not  forget  to  think  about  the  possibilities  of 
writing  on  history  of  entomology !",  I  hope  that  this  present 
endeavor  to  record  his  life  and  work  may  be  a  fulfillment  of 
his  injunction.  The  loss  of  a  sympathetic  correspondent  of 
more  than  thirty  years'  standing  is  no  little  thing,  nor  can  we 
ever  quite  replace  in  our  affections  those  of  our  own,  or  of  an 
older,  generation, 

"Treasuring  the  look  we  cannot  find, 
The  words  that  are  not  heard  again." 

PHILIP  P.  CALVERT. 


A  Scarcity  of  Specialists. 

From  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Institute  for  Medical  Re- 
search of  the  Federated  Malay  States  at  Kuala  Lumpur  for 
1929,  we  take  the  following:  Mites  in  oil  palms  :  At  the  be- 
ginning of  the  year,  monthly  collections  of  mites  from  the 
decayed  male  flowers  of  oil  palms  were  commenced.  This 
material  again  yielded  large  numbers  of  mites,  but  in  this  coun- 
try, owing  to  the  absence  of  literature  and  types  for  compari- 
son, there  was  no  opportunity  of  identifying  the  great  number 
of  forms  met  with,  a  large  percentage  of  which  is  probably 
undescribed.  Dr.  Guy  A.  K.  Marshall,  C.  M.  G.,  F.  R.  S., 
Director  of  the  Imperial  llureau  of  Entomology,  very  kindly 
endeavoured  to  find  someone  in  Europe  who  would  undertake 
the  work  of  identifying  the  mites.  Ilis  efforts  were  unsuc- 
cessful, however,  owing  to  the  great  shortage  of  competent 
acarologists,  and  these  collections  were  therefore  abandoned. 
Enough  mounted  material  was  retained  to  indicate  whether  or 
not  a  mite  found  on  a  coolie  on  the  estate  had  its  origin  in 
the  oil  palm.  (P.  14.) 


192 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[July.,  '31 


Parachernes  ronnaii,  a  New  Genus  and  Species 

of  False  Scorpion  from  Brazil 

(Arachnida-Chelonethida). 

By  JOSEPH  CONRAD  CITAMBERLIN, 
Twin  Falls,   Idaho. 

I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  Antonio  Ronna  of  Caxias,  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul,  Brazil,  for  the  specimen  upon  which  this  paper  is  based. 
I  take  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  interesting  species  to  its  dis- 
coverer. 

PARACHERNES  gen.  nov. 

Orthotype.     Parachernes  ronaii  sp.  nov.  Brazil. 

Diagnosis.  Typical  cheliferoid  genus  belonging  to  the  family 
Chernetidae,  and  related  to  Chcrncs,  Hesperochcrncs,  and  Dino- 
cheirus.  Eye  spots  present  but  inconspicuous ;  carapace  of  usual 
form  and  provided  with  two  procurved  transverse  furrows  ; 


Parachernes  ronnaii  gen.  and  sp.  nov.  ?. 

A.  Tip  of  fixed  finger  of  chela  showing  type  of  dentition.  Note  acces- 
sory as  well  as  marginal  teeth.  B.  Exterior  aspect  of  right  chela  showing 
chaetotaxy,  dentition,  and  venom  apparatus.  C.  Genital  oper'culum.  D. 
Ventral  aspect  of  left  pedipalpus  or  cheliped.  E.  Galea.  F.  Tarsus  nt 
leg  IV.  G,  H,  I,  J.  Characteristic  types  of  setae.  G,  from  anterior  face 
of  tibia  of  pedipalp ;  H,  from  fourth  pedal  tibia;  I,  from  pedipalpal  tro- 
chanter  and  J,  from  pedal  femur.  All  same  scale  of  magnification. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  193 

flagellum  of  3  blades ;  sexual  development  of  galea  unknown 
but  probably  dimorphic ;  the  normal  5  setae  of  palm  of  chelicera 
present,  b  and  sb  showing  typical  terminal  denticles  as  in 
Hcspcrochcrncs;  lamina  interior  with  dentate  terminal  tooth 
and  3  dentate  subterminal  lobes;  basal  lamella  of  serrula  ex- 
terior elongated  to  about  twice  normal  length  and  acute;  other 
lamellae  of  typical  ligulate  form.  The  chaetotaxy  of  the  chela 
differs  markedly  from  that  occurring  in  C'ltcnics,  Hc.spcro- 
clicrncs,  or  I)inoclicinis  and  is  characterized  principally  by  a 
marked  basal  concentration  of  the  interior  series  of  tactile  setae 
(fig.  B).  Sense  spots  occur  on  both  fixed  and  mobile  fingers 
of  the  chela  but  are  few  (fig.  B).  t'hcla  provided  with  acces- 
sory teeth  both  interiorly  and  exteriorly  (fig.  A  and  B). 
Venom  duct  of  long  type,  the  nodus  ramosus  lying  barely 
proximad  of  the  terminal  seta  of  the  movable  finger  (fig.  B). 
Dorsal  sclerites  of  body  and  most  of  pedipalps  beset  by 
thickened,  scarcely  clavate,  terminally  dentate  setae  (fig.  G-J). 
Expanded  abdomen  normally  ovate,  extending  well  beyond  the 
fourth  legs  when  these  are  normally  flexed.  All  tergites  and 
sternites  except  the  eleventh  longitudinally  divided  into  scutae 
by  a  relatively  broad  membranous  strip ;  each  bearing  the  usual 
border  series  of  14  to  16  setae.  Posterior  tergites  normal,  defi- 
nitely transverse  (not  recurved).  Eleventh  tergite  bearing  a 
lateral  pair  of  pseudotactile  setae,  the  1 1th  sternite  with  a  sub- 
median  pair.  Female  genital  area  characterized  by  a  loose  clus- 
ter of  about  20  short  acute  setae  (fig.  C)  much  as  occurs  in 
Hesperochernes.  Legs  typical,  claws  and  subterminal  setae 
simple ;  fourth  tibia  without  tactile  seta ;  tactile  seta  of  tarsus 
IV  half  as  long  as  tarsus  and  placed  midway  between  the  base 
and  tip  of  the  segment  (fig.  F).  T radical  trunks  without  in- 
ternal papillate  projections. 

Remarks.  From  all  previously  named  segregates  of  Chcrncs, 
Paracliicrnes  differs  markedly  in  the  chaetotaxy  of  the  chela; 
from  Hcspcroclicrncs  it  differs  in  possessing  a  3  instead  of  4 
bladed  flagellum;  from  Hesperochernes  and  Clicrncs  sens.  str. 
it  differs  in  the  possession  of  a  tactile  seta  on  the  4th  tarsus; 
from  Dinochcinis,  Hcsperochcrncs,  and  Cliernes  it  differs  in 
the  non-clavate  setae  of  the  dorsal  sclerites  and  pedipalps ;  from 
Dinochcinis  and  Clicrncs  it  differs  in  having  the  sub-basal  and 
basal  setae  of  the  chelicerae  both  terminally  dentate.  In  the 
absence  of  a  male  example  the  presence  or  absence  of  sexual 
dimorphism  in  the  chela  can  not  be  directly  ascertained.  The 


194  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  uty-,    '31 


following  considerations  may,  however,  yield  a  clue  as  to  the 
facts  in  the  case.  The  orthotype  of  the  genus  seems  to  find 
its  nearest  described  relative  in  "Chcmcs"  michaelsoni  Sim.  as 
redescribed  by  With.1  With's  redescription  was  based  upon  a 
single  male.  According  -to  his  figures  the  chaetotaxy,  etc.,  of 
the  chela  is  quite  similar  to  that  here  figured  for  P.  ronnaii, 
and  it  is  likely  that  the  two  are  congeneric.  He  represents  the 
chela  fingers  as  clearly  gaping.  From  this  we  may  tentatively 
infer  that  the  chela  is  sexually  dimorphic  in  Parachernes.  Since 
With  would  rarely  describe  as  new  a  species  which  by  any  pos- 
sibility could  be  assigned  to  one  already  named,  it  is  impossible 
to  be  sure  that  michaelsoni  Simon  and  michaelsoni  (Sim.)  With 
are  really  the  same  species  because  of  the  serious  inadequacy 
of  Simon's  original  description  as  seen  in  the  light  of  present 
knowledge. 

Parachernes  ronnaii  sp.  nov.  (Figs.  A-J  ) 

Holotypc,  9,  (JC-716.  01001)  taken  clinging  to  a  fly  at 
Caxias  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul),  Brazil,  by  Dr.  Antonio  Ronna. 
Deposited  in  Stanford  University  Collections. 

Diagnosis.  Anterior  carapacal  furrow  most  distinct  of  the 
two,  median  in  position  and  laterally  procurved  ;  posterior  fur- 
row nearer  posterior  carapacal  margin  than  anterior  furrow 
and  only  slightly  procurved  laterally.  Carapace  longer  than 
broad  behind,  bordered  posteriorly  by  12  short  thickened  setae. 
Scutae  of  third  tergite  narrower  than  either  those  preceding  or 
succeeding;  tergites  bordered  by  about  14  to  16  thickened  setae 
each,  the  median  ones  at  least  bearing  in  addition  a  single  slender 
and  slightly  subclavate,  terminally  denticulate  seta  anterior  to 
the  marginal  series  on  either  side.  Each  tergal  scutum  with  a 
weak  central  spot.  Fingers  of  chela  with  about  32  or  33  well 
defined  slightly  retro-conical  marginal  teeth  (fig.  A  and  B)  ; 
with  an  exterior  series  3  and  4  evenly  spaced,  small  and  incon- 
spicuous accessory  teeth  exteriorly  on  the  movable  and  fixed 
fingers  of  the  chela  respectively  (fig.  B)  ;  interiorly  there  is 
on  either  finger  a  single  large  accessory  tooth  about  1/3  re- 
moved from  ringer  tip  (fig.  B)  ;  sense  spots  sub-basal  exteriorly 
on  both  fingers  and  interiorly  on  the  fixed  finger  (fig.  B). 
Palps  as  illustrated  (fig.  D)  ;  maxilla  smooth  except  on  post- 

1With,  Carl.  1908.  Cheliferinae.  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  London  18:282. 
Figs.  22  a-c. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  195 

clivus;  remainder  of  palps,  except  posteriorly  on  tibia  and  chela 
and  on  fingers,  evenly  granulate  and  beset  by  thickened  setae 
(fig.  G  and  I).  Trochanter  with  a  distinctly  conical  protuber- 
ance or  heel  behind,  1.3  times  as  long  as  broad;  femur  typical, 
2.3  times  as  long  as  broad;  tibia  normal,  subequal  to  femur  in 
length,  2.1  times  as  long  as  broad  and  1.2  times  as  long  as  hand; 
chela  2.7  times  as  long  as  broad  and  almost  1.3  times  as  long 
as  breadth  of  trochanter ;  fingers  scarcely  longer  than  hand  but 
clearly  longer  than  its  breadth;  hand  very  slightly  broader  than 
deep  and  1.3  times  as  long  as  broad.  Chelicerae  typical,  galea 
with  (i  branches  (fig.  E).  Length  of  adult,  9  2.1  mm. 


A  New  Louse  from  Domestic  Chickens  (Mallophaga : 

Philopteridae). 

By  HAROLD  S.  PETERS, 
Bureau  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 

During  a  collecting  trip  in  the  southern  Bahama  Islands  in 
the  summer  of  1930  I  found  a  new  biting  louse  (order  Mallo- 
phaga) on  the  heads  of  chickens  in  four  localities.  The  com- 
mon chicken  head  louse  (Lipeiints  heterographus  Nitzsch)  was 
not  found.  Four  other  species  of  lice  common  on  chickens 
throughout  the  world  were  found  in  connection  with  the  new 
species;  namely,  the  wing  louse  (Lipciinis  caponis  Linn.),  the 
fluff  louse  (Goiiiocotcs  Jwlogastcr  Nitz.),  the  shaft  louse 
(Mcnopon  yaUinac  Linn.),  and  the  brown  chicken  louse 
(Goniodcs  (fissiinilis  Nitz.).  According  to  the  natives,  the 
original  stock  of  their  poultry  was  obtained  from  Haiti  or 
Santo  Domingo,  so  this  is  evidently  a  tropical  species.  This  is 
further  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  specimens  from  domestic 
chickens  from  Venezuela  and  Liberia  were  found  in  the  col- 
lection of  the  National  Museum. 
Lipeurus  tropicalis  n.  sp. 

I  >esrrihed  from  42  individuals  collected  from  chickens  in  the 
IJahama  Islands,  by  myself,  as  follows:  Four  males,  two 
females,  and  one  immature  form  from  Great  Ragged  Island, 
July  3,  1930  (  Bishopp  Xo.  150'>3)  ;  eight  males,  nine  females, 
and  one  immature  form  from  Providenciales,  C'aicos  Islands, 
July  23,  1930  (I'ishopp  Xo.  15144);  one  male,  one  female, 


196 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[July.,  '31 


and  four  immature  forms  from  Grand  Turks  Island,  July  31, 
1930  (Bishopp  No.  15193)  ;  and  three  males,  three  females, 
and  five  immature  forms  from  Great  Inagua  Island,  August 
10,  1930  (Bishopp  No.  15276).  Also  described  from  speci- 
mens in  the  National  Museum  as  follows :  One  female  collected 
from  chicken  at  Cuidad  Bolivar,  Venezuela,  July,  1925,  by 
L.  H.  Dunn;  and  two  males  and  two  females  collected  from 
chicken  at  Reppo's  Town,  Liberia,  August  31,  1926,  by  Prof. 
Jos.  Bequaert. 

Description  of  MALE.  Head  one  and  one-half  times  as 
long  as  wide,  obtusely  angled  in  front ;  forehead  widest  just 
before  the  large  and  movable  trabeculae.  Head  little  wider 
across  temples  than  before  trabeculae.  Temples  broadly 
rounded.  Posterior  edge  of  head  slightly  concave.  Eyes  clear 
and  protruding,  with  a  long  dorsal  ocular  seta.  Color  light 
brown  with  dark  brown  lateral  borders,  antennal  and  occipital 
bands,  esophageal  sderite,  mandibles,  and  a  long  narrow  gular 
signature.  Antennae  almost  as  long  as  head,  reaching,  if  ex- 
tended backwards,  beyond  the  prothorax.  First  segment  pale, 
greatly  enlarged,  and  elongated,  being  as  long  as  the  remain- 
ing four  segments  combined  and  bearing  a  dorsal  projection 
from  the  middle  of  the  segment.  Segment  2  half  as  long  as 
segment  one  and  longer  than  segments  3,  4,  and  5  combined. 
Segment  3  dark  brown  and  formed  into  a  dorsal  inward  pro- 


Explanation  of  Figures. 

Fig.  1.     Head  of  male,  dorsal;  female  antenna  at  left.    All  x  44.    a, 
Sternum,     x  44. 

Fig.  2.     Male  gcnitalia.     x44. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  197 

jecting  hook  slightly  longer  than  either  segments  4  or  5,  which 
are  about  equal  in  length.      (Fig.   1.) 

Thorax  almost  as  long  as  head,  pale  brown  in  color  with 
dark  brown  lateral  margins  and  with  a  typical,  somewhat  pear- 
shaped  sternum  (Fig.  1,  a).  Prothorax  about  two-thirds  as 
wide  as  head,  and  about  one  and  one-third  times  as  wide  as 
long,  roughly  rectangular  in  shape,  the  sides  almost  parallel, 
the  posterior  edge  slightly  convex,  and  with  a  seta  at  each 
latero-posterior  rounded  angle.  Pterothorax  roughly  trape- 
zoidal in  shape  and  slightly  broader  than  the  head  or  the  first 
abdominal  segment,  and  twice  as  long  as  the  prothorax.  The 
sides  are  slightly  diverging,  with  broadly  rounded  latero-pos- 
terior angles  in  which  one  seta  is  situated.  Slightly  nearer  the 
middle,  on  the  posterior  border,  there  is  a  group  of  four  very 
long  pustulated  setae  situated  in  a  small  uncolored  area.  Pos- 
terior border  slightly  angulated  on  abdomen.  Legs  pale,  with 
brown  borders.  Forelegs  short,  with  the  coxae  narrowly  sepa- 
rated, middle  and  hind  legs  long,  hind  legs  longest,  and  with 
widely  separated  coxae. 

Abdomen  of  nine  segments,  elongate  with  sides  somewhat 
parallel,  and  with  a  peculiar,  somewhat  spade-shaped  ninth  seg- 
ment. Segments  1  to  8  about  equal  in  length  except  segments 
3  and  4,  which  are  somewhat  shorter  than  the  rest ;  widest  at 
segment  3.  Segment  9  slightly  bilobed,  elongated,  slightly 
longer  than  wide,  and  about  three-fifths  as  wide  as  segment  8. 
Light  brown  in  color,  with  dark  brown  pleurites  forming  a 
lateral  band  interrupted  at  sutures,  lighter  brown  median  mark- 
ings, and  with  a  clear  space  or  band  just  inside  the  lateral  band 
in  which  the  small  spiracles  on  segments  2  to  7  are  situated. 
The  general  color  of  the  ninth  segment  is  very  light  brown, 
with  medium  dark  brown  anterior  border  and  lateral  borders, 
thus  leaving  a  clear  central  portion.  On  the  dorsal  surface 
segment  1  lias  two  setae  near  middle  of  anterior  border  and  a 
curved  row  of  four  setae  behind  these.  Segments  2  to  6  have 
a  curved  row  of  six  setae  near  the  posterior  border  of  each 
segment.  Segment  7  has  four  setae,  segment  8  has  two  setae 
near  anterior  border  and  a  group  of  three  setae  in  an  elongated 
triangular  uncolored  area  on  each  side  near  the  posterior  border, 
the  outermost  being  much  the  longest.  A  few  setae  are  present 
on  the  ventral  surface.  On  the  lateral  margins  of  segments 
1  and  2  there  are  no  setae;  segments  three  and  four  have  one 
seta  in  posterior  angles,  and  segments  five  and  six  have  two 
sc-tae,  segment  7  has  four  setae,  and  segment  8  has  two  setae 
near  the  anterior  border  of  the  segment,  one  being  very  long. 
Segment  9  has  three  small  setae  near  the  anterior  border  of 


198  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Juty->    '31 

the  segment.     Genitalia  distinctive,  having  an  elongated  basal 
plate    extending    forward    into    the    third    abdominal    segment 

(fig-  2). 

Description  of  FEMALE.  Head  as  in  the  male  except  that 
the  trabeculae  and  antennae  are  each  about  half  as  large,  and 
the  trabeculae  are  not  movable.  The  antennae,  if  extended 
backwards,  will  not  reach  the  posterior  border  of  head.  (See 
fig.  1.) 

Thorax  and  legs  as  in  the  male  except  that  the  thorax  is 
somewhat  shorter  and  broader. 

Abdomen  slightly  longer  and  somewhat  broader  than  that  of 
the  male.  Segments  1  to  8  about  equal  in  length ;  widest  at 
fourth  segment^  Eighth  and  ninth  segments  fused,  somewhat 
trapezoidal  in  shape,  about  two-fifths  as  wide  posteriorly  as 
anteriorly,  and  slightly  bilobed.  The  color  is  somewhat  differ- 
ent from  that  of  the  male.  The  pleurites  and  the  area  between 
them  and  the  spiracles  are  dark  brown,  forming  a  wide  dark 
brown  continuous  lateral  band  as  the  pleurites  extend  into  the 
preceding  segment.  The  median  markings  are  dark  brown  also, 
are  separate  on  segments  1  to  7,  and  are  shaped  like  an  hour- 
glass, with  a  diamond-shaped  median  golden  brown  area.  On 
segments  5,  6.  7,  and  8  there  is  a  longitudinal  median  brown 
rod  lying  in  the  clear  lateral  area.  The  posterior  half  of  seg- 
ment 8  is  dark  brown,  shading  to  light  brown  posteriorly,  with 
a  narrow  median  uncolored  area.  Setae  about  the  same  as  on 
the  male. 

Description  of  IMMATURE  FORMS.  The  eleven  immature  speci- 
mens at  hand,  all  over  half  grown,  show  the  typical  angulated 
front  and  have  the  same  number  of  setae  in  about  the  same 
position  as  the  adults. 

Average   Measurements   in  mm. 

Male  Female 

Length       Width  Length       Width 

Head    0.721         0.483  0.742        0.516 

Thorax     612           .583  .606           .611 

Abdomen                              1.863          .637  1.916          .837 


Total    3.196  3.264 

Type  Host. — 'Callus  do-niesticus,  chicken. 
Type   Locality. — Great    Ragged    Island,    BAHAMA    ISLANDS, 
BRITISH  WEST  INDIES. 

Type  Slide.— Cat.  No.  43488  U.  S.  N.  M. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  199 

The  holotypc  male  and  allotype  female  on  the  type  slide 
were  collected  from  chicken  at  the  type  locality  on  July  3, 
1930,  by  myself  (Bishopp  No.  15063).  The  para-types  are  in 
the  collection  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  and  in  my  personal 
collection. 

This  species  is  most  closely  related  to  Li pc urns  laivrensis 
Bedford  (1920),  described  from  a  wild  guinea  fowl  from 
Africa,  hut  is  easily  separated  by  the  angulated  front,  posterior 
segment  of  male,  differences  in  coloration  and  chaetotaxy,  and 
by  being  about  three-fourths  mm.  shorter  in  length.  L.  tropi- 
calis  possibly  originated  from  a  wild  guinea,  as  I  find  specimens 
in  the  National  Museum,  collected  from  five  species  of  wild 
guineas  from  Africa,  which  may  be  referred  to  this  species, 
all  having  the  angulated  front,  although  they  may  be  separated 
as  varieties  at  some  future  time.  L.  tropicalis  is  very  easily 
differentiated  from  L.  hctcrographus  and  L.  caponis,  commonly 
found  on  chickens,  by  its  larger  size,  angulated  front,  and  male 
srenitalia. 


Notes  on  the  Homing  of  Several  Species  of  Wasps 
(Hym.  :  Chrysididae,  Sphegoidea,  Vespoidea). 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,   Missouri. 

AYhile  taking  carpenter-bees  and  burrowing-bees  afield*  to 
test  their  ability  to  find  their  way  back  home,  it  was  sometimes 
possible  to  pick  up  various  species  of  wasps  also,  paint  them 
with  distinguishing  marks  and  liberate  them,  along  with  the 
others,  at  fixed  distances  from  their  homes.  The  results  of 
these  experiments  are  noted  below. 

Two  cuckoo-bees,  Chrysis  (Tctrachrysis}  la-mini f  era  Bis- 
choff  [G.  Sandhouse]  and  Chrysis  (He.vachrysis)  sp.  [G. 
Sandhouse]  were  liberated  on  July  10,  at  4:20  p.m.,  one  mile 
from  the  place  of  their  capture.  Both  returned  the  next  morn- 
ing, at  9:10  and  9:50  o'clock.  These  are  parasitic  bees,  and 
it  is  surprising  that  they  should  remember  and  manifest  so 
much  interest  in  the  nest  of  the  host  and  return  to  it  in  the 
same  way  as  does  a  nesting  bee. 

*Journ.  Comp.  Psychol.  9:  35-70,  1929. 


200  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

A  mud-daubing  wasp,  Sccliphron  cacmentarium  female,  was 
carried  one-third  mile  east  of  the  clay  bank  where  it  was  found 
getting  mud,  and  liberated  at  midday,  September  1.  She  re- 
turned in  25  minutes. 

Three  females  of  Trypo.vylon  olavatum  were  liberated  on 
July  10,  at  4:20  p.m.,  one  mile  from  the  clay  bank  in  which 
they  were  nesting  in  old  bee  burrows.  One  returned  the  next 
morning  at  10:05. 

Four  Trypo.vylon  albopilosum  (females)  nesting  in  the  clay 
bank,  were  taken  away  one  mile  and  liberated  at  4 :20  p.m. 
Three  returned  the  same  afternoon,  in  15  minutes,  1  hour  and 
\y^  hours,  respectively.  The  fourth  never  arrived  home.  An- 
other one,  liberated  at  a  distance  of  two  miles,  did  not  return. 

Ancistrocerus  fulvipcs  was  liberated  on  July  10,  one  mile 
from  home  at  2:15  p.m.;  it  returned  at  4:30. 

Two  males  and  four  females  of  Monobia  quadridcns  were 
liberated  at  two  miles  distance  at  midday ;  none  returned.  One 
female  was  captured  as  she  brought  in  a  caterpillar  to  her  nest, 
and  was  carried  away  one  mile  at  1 :20  p.m.  She  reappeared 
the  next  morning  at  10  o'clock,  but  her  sister,  liberated  at  the 
same  time,  did  not  return. 

A  marked  female  of  the  grass-carrier.  Chlorion  auripes,  was 
set  free  June  22  at  11 :45,  at  a  point  two  miles  from  the  build- 
ing where  it  nested.  Up  to  noon  the  next  day  it  did  not  re- 
turn. However,  it  later  found  its  way  home,  because  one  week 
later  it  was  taken,  still  wearing  its  dot  of  red  paint,  while 
bringing  in  a  cricket  to  its  nest.  It  was  again  carried  to  the 
two-mile  point  and  liberated  at  2:57  p.m.  It  found  its  way 
home  more  quickly  this  time,  consuming  only  two  hours  and 
two  minutes  in  the  flight. 

One  queen  of  Polistcs  pallipcs  was  marked  and  liberated  two 
miles  from  home  at  10:30  a.m.  Sunday,  and  it  returned  at 
8:50  a.m.  Monday.  It  took  her  over  22  hours,  but  she  even- 
tually reached  home.  It  may  actually  have  taken  this  length 
of  time  to  find  her  way  home  from  a  distance  of  two  miles, 
and  again  she  may  have  indulged  in  a  little  loafing  along  the 
way,  as  we  know  Polistcs  sometimes  do. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  201 

Some  Unusual  Occurrences  of  Butterflies  in  Connec- 
ticut (Lepid. :  Pieridae,  Nymphalidae). 

By  J.  R.  HASKIN,  \Yaterford,  Connecticut. 

From  California  the  land  of  sunshine  and  hntterflies  to 
Connecticut  is  a  far  cry  but  I  find  that  even  in  Connecticut, 
my  new  home,  many  interesting  field  notes  can  be  made  if 
one  is  observant. 

In  the  January,  1931,  NEWS,  is  reported  the  capture  of 
Catopsilia  philca  in  Missouri  in  June,  1930.  This  was  of  partic- 
ular interest  to  me  because  we  took  one  in  Connecticut  also.  On 
August  26,  1930,  my  daughter  observed  and  netted  a  large 
showy  butterfly  hovering  about  the  flowers  on  our  lawn  at 
Oswegatchie  Point.  From  the  fresh  appearance  of  the  butter- 
fly I  doubt  very  much  if  it  had  flown  a  great  distance.  My 
theory  is  that  it  came  up  from  the  tropics  in  chrysalis  form, 
presumably  on  a  bunch  of  bananas  or  in  a  box  of  tropical  fruits 
or  vegetables.  Such  occurrences  have  been  noted  in  connection 
with  other  species  also. 

On  September  25,  I  took  a  specimen  of  Euptoicta  claudia 
Cramer.  This  specimen  was  so  recently  hatched  from  its 
chrysalis  that  it  was  hardly  able  to  fly.  The  wings  were  still 
quite  fragile.  It  certainly  must  have  existed  in  chrysalis  form 
here  in  Waterford,  and  one  wonders  how  this  could  have 
happened.  A  very  careful  search  of  the  locality  during  several 
days  succeeding  failed  to  discover  any  others  of  the  species. 

The  summer  of  1930  was  particularly  dry  and  hot  and  re- 
minded me  continually  of  the  average  Southern  California 
weather.  Throughout  the  entire  season  Colias  philodice  was 
one  of  the  commonest  butterflies  in  this  vicinity.  Its  size  and 
color  varied  as  the  spring,  summer,  and  autumn  seasons  ad- 
vanced. On  October  13.  I  had  taken  several  in  an  open  field, 
and  much  to  my  surprise  I  then  captured  a  very  fresh  and 
weak-flving  female  butterfly  that  compared  exactly  with  some 
of  the  richest  colored  Colitis  eurytheme  amphidusa  that  I  look 
in  California.  The  color  of  the  black  borders  is  very  wide  and 
dark  and  very  heavily  developed  on  the  secondaries.  The 
primaries  are  heavily  suffused  with  orange,  while  the  orange 
spot  on  the  secondaries  is  very  dark  and  large  and  the  secon- 


202  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

daries  are  heavily  suffused  with  black  overlaid  with  a  tinge  of 
orange.  I  took  this  specimen  late  in  the  afternoon  and  found 
only  one  or  two  more  normal  philodicc  after  a  careful  search 
of  the  field.  The  next  day  it  turned  cold  and  stormy  and 
October  13  proved  to  be  the  last  successful  collecting  day  of 
the  season.  I  intend  to  watch  this  field  very  carefully  during 
the  coming  spring  to  see  whether  any  more  of  this  unusual  type 
appear.  Query : — Did  the  unusually  dry  and  hot  summer  of 
1930  result  in  this  fall-hatched  specimen  from  the  normal 
philodice  or  is  it  only  a  freak  specimen? 

I  noticed  throughout  the  latter  part  of  the  season  that  Terias 
lisa  was  unusually  abundant.  These  are  not  uncommon  in  this 
vicinity  but  one  generally  takes  only  an  occasional  specimen. 


A  Coleopterous  Enemy  of  Corydalis  cornuta  L. 
(Anthicidae  ;  Neur.  :  Sialididae).* 

By  PAUL  N.  MUSGRAVE,  Fairmont,  West  Virginia. 

Last  August  while  collecting  aquatic  insects  in  the  South 
Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  Pendleton  County,  West  Vir- 
ginia, practically  all  egg  masses  of  Corydalis  cornuta  L.  were 
found  to  be  infested  by  an  Anthicid  beetle,  AntJiicus  lieroicus 
Casey.  At  least  95%  of  egg  masses  examined  were  found  to 
have  from  one  to  four  small  holes  cut  through  the  outer  coat- 
ing and  into  the  center  of  the  mass.  The  size,  shape  and  loca- 
tion of  the  openings  varied  a  great  deal,  some  being  only  large 
enough  to  admit  the  adult  beetle,  2-3  mm.  in  diameter,  while 
others  were  much  larger  and  irregular  in  shape.  Some  open- 
ings were  cut  in  the  center  of  the  mass  and  others  at  the  edge. 
The  only  variation  in  the  percentage  of  infestation  was  found 
in  masses  placed  on  leaves  of  trees,  or  stones  on  the  shore, 
where  it  was  possible  for  ants  to  reach  them.  Whether  or 
not  the  ants  were  the  controlling  factor,  masses  found  on  shore 
rocks  and  ledges  were  much  more  likely  to  be  free  from  infes- 
tation than  those  laid  on  stones  in  the  middle  of  the  stream. 

Opening  an  infested  mass  usually  meant  the  discovery  of 
from  one  to  eight  adult  beetles  which  immediately  tried  to 

*  Contribution  from  Department  of  Entomology,  West  Virginia  Uni- 
versity. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  203 

escape.  Sometimes  they  flew  directly  from  the  mass,  some- 
times dropped  to  the  water  and  then  flew  from  the  surface 
of  the  water  but  usually  they  ran  to  a  crevice  in  the  stone  or 
into  another  egg  mass.  Often  a  stone  would  have  twenty  to 
thirty  masses  on  one  surface  with  most  of  them  infested  and 
then  the  disturbed  beetles  resembled  an  opened  ant  hill  as  they 
ran  here  and  there  trying  to  find  a  hiding  place.  Besides  the 
adults,  larvae  of  different  si/es  and  ages  were  found.  As 
many  as  fourteen  small  larvae  were  found  in  one  mass  and 
eight  or  ten  was  a  common  number.  Adults  and  larvae  were 
regularly  found  in  the  same  mass  but  usually  adults  would  be 
in  company  with  larger  larvae  only. 

When  the  larvae  are  ready  to  pupate  they  hollow  out  a  small 
cell  in  the  crevice-soil,  or  more  rarely  in  the  debris  of  the  egg 
mass  itself.  In  examining  several  hundreds  of  egg  masses  only 
three  pupae  were  found  in  the  masses,  while  they  were  com- 
mon in  the  sandy  soil  in  which  moss  (Grinnnia  apocarpa  (L.) 
Hedw.)  was  growing.  However  many  cells  containing  full- 
grown  larvae  were  found  in  the  egg  masses  and  it  may  be  that 
they  commonly  pupate  there.  Adults  emerged  August  30-Sep- 
tember  5  from  pupae  collected  in  August. 

The  larvae  were  determined  by  Dr.  Adam  G.  Boving  and 
adults  by  Air.  H.  S.  Barber,  both  of  the  United  States  Na- 
tional Museum  and  to  whom  thanks  are  due.  Dr.  L.  O. 
Howard  apparently  first  discovered  an  Anthicid  (Ant  hie  us 
hahlcmanni  Lee.)  in  the  egg  mass  of  the  Dobson  in  1895  on 
the  rocky  shores  of  the  Potomac  near  Washington  and  since 
that  time  Schwartz,  Knab,  Barber  and  others  have  noticed  the 
same  occurrence  but  apparently  nothing  has  appeared  in  print. 

Three  other  species  of  adult  .-Inthicus  were  found  in  com- 
pany with  hcroicHs:  A.  duel  us  Say,  A.  pithcscens  Laf.  and 
A.  ccrt'inus  Laf.  No  larvae  of  any  of  these  were  discovered 

however. 

— »  •  « 

Congratulations  to  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard. 

The  daily  papers  of  June  13  reported  that  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard 
was  awarded  for  1931  a  gold  medal  and  $5000  for  distinguished 
service  to  agriculture,  given  annually  by  Senator  Arthur  Capper 
of  Kansas.  The  hearty  congratulations  of  the  NEWS  are  ex- 
tended to  Dr.  Howard. 


204  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July-,    '31 

Notes  on  Blattidae,  Adventive  to  the  United 
States  (Orthop.). 

By  A.  N.  CAUDELL, 

United  States  National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Among  miscellaneous  material  in  the  National  Museum  are 
the  following  species  of  cockroaches,  the  first  four  being  ap- 
parently new  to  our  fauna : 

HOLOCOMPSA  AZTECA  Saussure.  One  mature  female  taken 
at  Nogales,  Arizona,  June  8,  1919,  by  F.  J.  Dyer.  This  is  the 
second  species  of  this  genus  found  within  our  borders,  Holo- 
compsa  nitidula  Fabricius  having  been  taken  by  Rehn  and 
Hebard.  An  adventive  specimen  of  this  latter  species  was  also 
recorded  from  Washington,  D.  C.,  by  the  present  writer  in 
1907. 

HEMIBLABERA  TENEBRICOSA  Rehn  and  Hebard.  An  adult 
pair  of  this  large  West  Indian  roach  was  taken  on  Key  Largo, 
Florida,  in  January,  1896,  by  E.  A.  Popenoe. 

CAPUCINELLA  DELICATULA  Hebard.  One  female  specimen 
of  this  Panamanian  roach  was  taken  at  Los  Angeles,  California, 
by  H.  M.  Armitage  in  October,  1929,  in  a  bunch  of  bananas. 
This  specimen,  unquestionably  an  adventive,  is  in  the  National 
Museum. 

EURYCOTJS  CARAIBEA  Bolivar.  An  adult  male  of  this  insect 
was  taken  at  Brainerd,  Minnesota,  in  July,  1921,  by  D.  Sanders, 
who  found  it  in  a  crate  of  peaches,  presumably  in  a  market. 
This  is  certainly  adventive. 

EURYCOTIS  DIMIDIATA  Bolivar.  Under  the  name  Eurycotis 
caraibea,  Mr.  Hebard  recorded  a  specimen  of  this  roach  as  oc- 
curring adventive  at  Berwick,  Pennsylvania  ( 1 ) .  This  deter- 
mination was  later  corrected  to  dimidiata  (2).  On  February 
13,  1924,  another  adventive  of  this  species  was  taken  on  bananas 
in  the  public  market  in  Washington,  D.  C.  This  was  a  nymph 
in  the  last  instar  when  taken  and  the  reared  adult,  a  male,  ex- 
hibits some  characters  not  agreeing  wholly  with  those  of  <//;»/- 
diata.  It  seems  nearer  that  species,  however,  than  any  other 
described  form  and  Mr.  Hebard,  who  examined  the  specimen, 
pronounced  it  dimidiata  or  a  closely  allied  species. 

lMem.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  No.  2,  p.  266  (1917). 

2  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  liv,  p.  174,  foot-note  1  (1927). 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  205 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA  S.  MACKBY  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF 

E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  I  1  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in  the  January  and  June 
numbers  (or  which  may  be  secured  from  the  publisher  of  Entomological 
News  for  lOc),  in  which  the  paper  appeared.  The  number  of,  or  annual 
volume,  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  ) 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

•Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  •  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

ij^-  Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers    published    in   the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Bather,  F.  A. — Is  an  international  zoolog- 
ical nomenclature  practicable?  [68]  73:  612-613.  (S).  Bed- 
ford, H.  W. — A  description  of  the  methods  adopted  in  the 
Sudan  in  the  organization  of  the  insect  collections  and  the 
systematic  compilation  of  records.  [AYellcome  Trop.  Res. 
Lab.]  Ent.  Bull.  32:  21  pp.,  ill.  Carpenter,  F.  M.,  et  al.- 
The  evolution  of  the  class  Insecta.  [16]  21:  531-539.  Hay- 
ward,  K.  J. — News  from  the  Argentine.  [21]  43:  77-81. 
Hendrickson,  G.  O. — Subterranean  insects  of  marsh  grass 
(Spartina  michauxiana) .  [4]  63:  109-110.  McGlashan,  C. 
F.— Obituary.  By  E.  O.  Essig.  [55]  7:  97-99.  Sherborn, 
C.  D.— Index  animalium.  Sec.  2.  Pts.  23-24.  Thorpe,  W. 
H. — Miscellaneous  records  of  insects  inhabiting  the  saline 
waters  of  the  Californian  desert  regions.  (55]  7:  145-153. 
Tillyard,  R.  J. — The  evolution  of  the  class  Insecta.  [Pap. 
&  Pro.  K.  Soc.  Tasmania]  1930:  1-89,  ill.  Uvarov,  B.  P.- 
Insects  and  climate.  [36]  79:  1-247,  ill.  Wimmers,  C.— Ed. 
Study,  ein  mathematiker  und  entomologe.  [14]  44:  316-318. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Bertholf,  L.  M.- 

Reactions  of  the  honeybee  to  light.  |113|  42:  379-419,  ill. 
Chow,  C.  H. — Sur  le  developpement  du  carpophore  chez 
Coprinus  tomentosus.  [69|  192:  1121-1123.  Corset,  J. — Les 
coaptations  chez  les  insectes.  |  Sup.  Bull.  Biol.  Fr.  et  Belg.] 
13:  337  pp.,  ill.  Goldschmidt,  R. — .Analysis  of  intersexual- 
ity  in  the  gypsy-moth.  [73]  6:  125-142.  Metz,  C.  W.- 
Chromosomal  differences  between  germ  cells  and  soma  in 
Sciara.  [97]  51:  119-124,  ill.  Reith,  F.— Zur  experimentellen 


206  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

analyse  der  primitiventwicklung  bei  insekten.  [88]  19:  398- 
399.  Schmucker,  T. — Ueber  asymmetriscb.es  verhalten  von 
Hymenopteren  an  bltiten.  [97]  51:  15-18,  ill.  Schrader,  F. 
-The  chromosome  cycle  of  Protortonia  primitiva  and  a 
consideration  of  the  meiotic  division  apparatus  in  the  male. 
[94]  138:  386-408,  ill.  Smirnow,  G.  G— Ueber  die  wirkmig 
der  Anthelminthica  auf  die  wanderung  der  Ascaridenlarven. 
Experimentelle  untersuchungen.  [Zeit.  Parasit.,  Berlin]  3: 
173-184.  Thompson,  W.  R. — On  the  reproduction  of  organ- 
isms with  overlapping  generations.  [4]  63:  147-172,  ill. 
Walker,  E.  M. — On  the  clypens  and  labium  of  primitive 
insects.  |4]  63:  75-81,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— *Chamberlin,  R. 
V. — On  three  new  new  chilopocls.  [55]  7:  189-191.  Mathe- 
son,  R. — Note  on  the  tick  Ornithodorus  talaje.  [Parasit.] 
23 :  270. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Bailey,  S. 

F. — A  thrips  new  to  California.  |55]  7:  175-178.  Borror, 
D.  J. — The  genus  Oligoclada.  [Univ.  Michigan  Mus.  Zool.J 
Misc.  Publ.  22:  42pp.,  ill.  Hood,  J.  D. — Synonyms  in  the 
North  American  Thysanoptera.  [55J  7:  170-172.  *Jordan, 
K. — Flohe  aus  Venezuela.  [Zeit.  Parasit.,  Berlin]  3:  264- 
266,  ill.  *McDunnough,  J. — New  species  of  North  Amer- 
ican Ephemeroptera.  [4]  63:  82-93.  *Moulton,  D. — An 
interesting  new  California  thrips.  [55]  7:  173-174.  *Moul- 
ton,  D. — A  new  Aeolothrips  from  Nevada  with  notes  on 
three  other  species  fouiul  in  California.  [55]  7:  122-123. 
Sikes,.  E.  K. — Notes  on  breeding  fleas,  with  reference  to 
humidity  and  feeding.  [Parasit.]  23:  243-249,  ill.  *Traver, 
J.  R. — A  new  mayfly  genus  from  North  America.  [4]  63: 
103-109,  ill.  [ 

ORTHOPTERA.— Buckell,  E.  R.— The  Dermaptera  and 
Orthoptera  of  Vancouver  Island,  British  Columbia.  [Pro. 
Ent.  Soc.  Brit.  Col.J  No.  27:  17-51.  *Hebard,  M.--The 
Orthoptera  of  Kansas.  [Pro.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.]  83: 
119-227.  Karny,  H.  H. — Ueber  das  fltigelgeader  der  Gryl- 
lacriden.  [Arch.  Zool.  Italiano]  15:  193-244,  ill.  *Vignon, 
M.  P. — Recherches  stir  les  sauterelles-feuilles  cle  1'Amerique 
tropicale.  [Arch.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Paris]  (6)  5:  57-214,  ill. 
:':Silvestri,  F. — Notes  on  Grylloblatta  campodeiformis  and 
a  description  of  a  new  variety  (Grylloblattidae).  [1]  57: 
291-295,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— *Ball,  E.  D.— Some  new  leafhoppers 
of  the  genus  Aligia  (Rhynchota).  [55]  7:  119-121.  Bare, 
C.  O. — A  Buenoa  of  southwest  United  States  and  Mexico. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  207 

[55]  7:  115-118.  ill.  Bueker,  E.  D.— Mealy-bugs  fCoccidae) 
of  nests  of  ants  f  Lasius).  |  Univ.  Col.  Studies  |  18:  151-162, 
ill.  Drake,  C.  J. — Two  new  species  of  Tigara  from  South 
America,  (Ting-itidae).  [37]  7:  405-406.  *Klyver,  F.  D.- 
Chermidae  from  Utah,  Nevada,  and  Arizona,  including 
three  new  species.  |55]  7:  131-143,  157-158,  ill.  Klyver,  F. 
D.— Notes  on  the  Chermidae.  Part  II.  [4]  63:  111-115,  ill. 
Lawson,  P.  B. — The  genus  Nerophloea  in  North  America. 
[55]  7:  159-169,  ill.  Mahdihassan,  S.— The  males  of  lac  and 
pseudo-lac  insects.  [94]  138:  371-385,  ill..  Michalk,_  O.- 
Anomalie  in  der  antennenbildung  bei  Lygaeiden.  [45]  26: 
66-73,  ill.  Muir,  F. — New  and  little-known  Fulgoroidea 
from  South  America.  [37]  7:  469-480,  ill.  Scrivener,  J.  W. 
-Notes  on  Gypona  octolineata.  [91]  21:  222-223,  ill. 
*Usinger,  R.  L. — A  new  species  of  Platylygus  (Miridae) 
[55]  7:  129-130,  ill.  *Van  Duzee,  E.  P.— A  new  Ischnorr- 
hynchus  (Lygaeidae).  [55]  7:  110.  Woodbury,  L.  A. — A 
list  of  the  Pentatomidae  of  Zion  National  Park,  Utah.  [55] 
7:  124-125. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— d'Almeida,  R.  F.— Quelques  notes 
pour  servir  a  1'histoire  naturelle  des  lepidopteres  americains. 
(S).  [Lambillionea]  31:83-88.  *d' Almeida,  R.  F.— Beitrage 
zur  schmetterlings-fauna  Siid-Amerikas.  [14]  45:  59-62,  ill. 
Box,  H.  E. — The  Crambine  genera  Diatraea  and  Xanthop- 
herne  (Pyral.).  [22]  22:  1-50,  ill.  *Cassino,  S.  E.— New 
Geometridae.  [The  Lepid.]  5:  8pp.  *Draudt,  M. — Eine 
neue  neotropische  Eupterotide.  [17]  48:  121-122,  ill.  Fen- 
der, K. — Butterflies  of  Yamhill  County,  Oregon.  [55]  7: 
179-187,  ill.  Gaede,  M. — Lepidopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars 
43.  Satyridae  I.  320pp.  *Kruck,  A. — Neue  Agriasform 
von  Zentralamerika.  [17]  48:  123-124.  Lindsey,  Bell  & 
Williams. — The  1  lesperioidea  of  North  America.  [Denison 
LJniv,  Hull.  |  31:  1-142,  ill.  Stichel,  H. — Lepidopterorum 
Catalogus.  Pars  44.  Riodinidae  IV:  Kiodininae  III.  721-795. 
Vogeler,  B. — Zucht  von  Rothschildia  speculifer.  |  14]  44: 
318-320.  *  Williams  &  Bell.— Hesperidae  of  the  Forbes  Ex- 
pedition to  Dutch  and  British  Guiana.  Two  new  hesperids 
from  Ecuador.  [1]  57:  249-290,  ill.  *Zikan,  J.  F.— Etwas 
iiber  die  sekundaren  geschlechtscharaktere  bei  der  gattung 
Thyridia  (Dan.).  |  l/'j  48:  U)J. 

DIPTERA. — Aldrich,  J.  M. — Notes  on  DipU-ra.  No.  5. 
[10]  33:  110-121.  :|:Aubertin,  D.— Stratioinyiidae.  [Dipt. 
Pat.  ^  So.  Chile]  5:  93-105,  ill.  Blagoweschtschensky  & 
Pawlowsky. — Zur  biologic-  und  y.ur  bekampfung  der  haut- 
bremse  (Jlypoderma  bovis).  [Zeit.  Parasit.,  Berlin]  3:  185- 
204,  ill.  *da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Sobre  as  especies  dos  gen- 


208  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

eros  Sabethes  e  Sabethoicles.  Nota  sobre  sabethineos  do 
grupu  joblotia  (Culicidae).  (S).  [Mem.  Inst.  Oswaldo 
Cruz]  25:  51-64,  65-71,  ill.  *Curran,  C.  H.— Four  new  Dip- 
tera  in  the  Canadian  National  Collection.  [4]  63 :  93-98. 
*Czerny,  L. — Einige  neue  Tyliden  des  deutschen  entomolo- 
gischen  museums  in  Berlin-Dahlem.  (S).  [56]  10:  21-26. 
Edwards,  F.  W, — Bibionidae,  Scatopsidae,  Cecidomyiidae, 
Culicidae,  Thaumaleidae  (Orphnephilidae),  Anisopodidae 
(Rhyphidae).  [Dip.  Pat.  &  So.  Chile]  2:  77-119,  ill.  *Ed- 
wards,  F.  W. — Bombyliidae,  Nemestrinidae  and  Cyrtidae. 
[Dipt.  Pat.  &  So.  Chile]  5:  162-197,  ill.  *Falcoz,  L.- 
Materiaux  pour  la  connaissance  des  dipteres  pupipares.  I. 
(S).  [Parasit.]  23 :  264-269,  ill.  Hase,  A.— Ueber  die  lebens- 
gewohnheiten  einer  fledermausfliege  in  Venezuela ;  Basilia 
bellardii  (Fam.  Nycteribiidae-Diptera  pupipara).  [Zeit. 
Parasit.,  Berlin]  3:  220-257,  ill.  *Krober,  O— Tabanidae. 
[Dipt.  Pat.  &  So.  Chile]  5:  106-161,  ill.  *Krober,  O.— Die 
Tabanus-gruppen  Straba  und  Poecilosoma  (-Hybostraba 
und  Hybopelma)  der  neotropischen  region.  [34]  94:  67-89, 
ill.  Schuurmans  Stekhoven,  J.  H. — Eine  seltene,  ungenii- 
gend  beschriebene  Basilia-art  (Diptera  pupipara)  aus  Ven- 
ezuela. [Zeit.  Parasit.,  Berlin]  3:  205-219,  ill.  Spencer,  G. 
J. — Notes  on  Phalacrocera  species,  an  aquatic  crane  fly 
(Tipulidae).  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  Brit.  Col.]  No.  27:  15-16. 
Stanford,  J.  S. — Notes  on  Diptera  attacking  man  in  Sevier 
County,  Utah.  [55]  7:  99-100.  Van  Duzee,  E.  P.— Swarm- 
ing of  two  species  of  Diptera.  [55]  7:  104. 

COLEOPTERA.— *Barrett,  R.  E.— New  species  of 
Aphodius  and  Malachius  from  California.  |55J  7:  101-102. 
*Barrett,  R.  E. — A  new  Brachytarsus  from  California. 
(Platystomidae).  [55 [  7:  188.  Benedict,  W.— Two  addi- 
tions to  our  lists  [of  Kansas].  [55]  7:  156.  *Blackman,  M. 
W. — A  revisional  study  of  the  genus  Pseudopityophthorus 
in  North  America.  [91  j  21  :  223-236,  ill.  *Blaisdell,  F.  E.- 
A  new  species  of  Zopherodes  from  central  California.  (Tene- 
brionidae).  [55]  7:  111-114.  *Brown,  W.  J. — New  species 
of  Coleoptera  (II).  [4]  63:  115-122.  *Bruck,  C.  R.— Two 
new  species  of  bark  beetles  of  the  genus  Phloeosinus. 
(Scolytidae).  [55|  7:  126-128.  *Dallas,' E.  D.— Melomelia 
tarsal  en  un  Ceroglossus  buqueti.  Gymnetis  pudibunda  var. 
Porteri,  (S).  [Rev.  Chilena  Hist.  Nat.]  34:  11-12,49-51.  ill. 
*Fall,  H.  C. — A  new  Gyrinus  from  Alaska,  with  references 
to  other  recently  described  species.  [55]  7:  154-156.  *Fall, 
H.  C. — The  North  American  species  of  Hymenorus  (Allec- 
ulidae).  [1]  57:  161-247,  ill.  Ganglbauer,  L. — Revision  der 
gattung  Zabrus.  [79]  17:  1-55.  Griffin,  F.  J.— The  dates  of 


xlii,    '31  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  209 

publication  of  Latreille  and  Dejean,  Hist.  nat.  Icon.  Cole- 
opteres  d'Europe'.  [75]  7:  573.  Guthrie,  E.— Notes  on  egg 
hatching — larval,  pupal,  and  adult  development  in  Lina 
scripta.  (Chrysomelidae).  [55 1  7:  107-109.  Hatch,  M.  H.- 
Notes  on  Phaedon.  [55 J  7:  103-104.  Hepp,  A.— Bibliogra- 
phische  bemerkungen  zuin  Coleopterorum  Catalogus  Pars 
46.  A.  Boucomont  Scarabaeidae :  Taurocerastinae  Geotru- 
pinae,  W.  Junk,  Berlin  7.  IX.  1912.  [26]  11:  197-199.  Hop- 
ping, R. — Notes  on  Pogonocherus.  |55|  7:  105-106.  Leech, 
H.  B. — Notes  on  new  methods  of  collecting  beetles.  |  Pro. 
Ent.  Soc.  Brit.  Col.]  No.  27:  11-12.  Linsley,  E.  G.— [Cor- 
rection regarding  Pogonocherus  and  Ecyrusj.  [55]  7:  106. 
*Reichensperger,  A. — Zwei  neue  Clavigerinen  aus  Costa 
Rica.  (Pselaph.)  [2]  27:  4-7.  ill.  St.  George,  R.  A.— The 
larva  of  Boros  unicolor  and  systematic  position  of  the 
family  Boridae.  [10]  33:  103-113,  ill.  *Uhmann,  E.— Sued- 
amerikanische  Hispinen  aus  dem  Deutschen  Entomolo- 
gischen  Institut  Berlin-Dahlem.  [27]  63:  58-64.  Vacher 
de  Lapouge,  G. — Genera  Insectorum.  Adephaga  fam.  Cara- 
bidae,  subfam.  Carabinae.  Fasc.  192  a-b,  155-580.  Walker, 
J.  J. — Dermestid  beetles  attacking  wood :  an  Elizabethan 
record?  [8]  67:  114-115. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Anderson,  W.  B.— Notes  on  a 
digger  wasp.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  Brit.  Col.]  No.  27:  13-14. 
*  Elliott,  E.  A.— New  Stephanidae  from  Peru.  [9]  64:  97-98. 
Gahan,  A.  B. — On  certain  hymenopterous  parasites  of 
stored-grain  insects.  [91]  21:  213-221,  ill.  *Gahan,  A.  B.- 
A  new  species  of  Encarsia  from  Cuba  ( Aphelininae).  [10] 
33:  121-122.  Graham,  A.  R.— The  present  status  of  the 
larch  sawfly,  ( Lygaeonematus  erichsonii)  in  Canada,  with 
special  reference  to  its  specific  parasite,  Mesoleius  tenthred- 
inis.  [4]  63:  99-102.  Hicks,  C.  H.— Notes  on  pollen-user 
wasp,  Pseudomasaris  edwardsii.  [38]  30:  23-29,  ill.  Parker, 
H.  L. — Notes  on  Meteorus  (Zemiotes)  nigricollis,  an  occa- 
sional parasite  of  the  European  corn  borer.  [10]  33:  93- 
103,  ill.  *Rbss,  H.  H. — Sawnies  of  the  sub-family  Dolerinae 
of  America  north  of  Mexico.  [111.  Biol.  Monog.]  12:  116 
pp.,  ill. 

RECENT  ADVANCES  IN  ENTOMOLOGY.  By  A.  I).  I  M.MS.  Phila- 
delphia, P.  Blakiston's  Son  ,\-  Company.  1931.  374  pp.,  84 
illustrations.  $3.50. — It  was  a  happy  thought  which  led  Dr. 
Imms  to  write  this  hook,  and  a  fortunate  thing  for  us  that  he 
was  the  man  to  whom  this  thought  occurred.  The  fifteen  chap- 
ters deal  with  many  diverse  aspects  of  modern  Entomology, 
including  aspects  of  Morphology,  Metamorphosis,  Palaeontol- 


210  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u--    '31 


ogy,  Sense  Organs  and  Behaviour,  Coloration,  Aspects  and 
Practical  Applications  of  Ecology,  Parasitism  and  Biological 
Control.  It  is  true  that  five  other  volumes  of  the  same  sort 
might  be  written,  without  exhausting  the  ramifications  of 
Entomological  Science  ;  but  although  they  would  be  very  inter- 
esting, they  would  not  be  so  interesting  as  the  menu  which 
Imms  has  prepared  for  us.  He  has  chosen  the  most  significant 
lines  of  advance,  and  has  recorded  an  astonishing  number  of 
observations  and  discoveries,  often  in  fields  which  were  hardly 
explored  until  very  recently.  If  any  critic  wishes  to  complain 
of  omissions,  he  may  not  only  refer  to  many  large  topics 
ignored,  but  also  to  the  lack  of  all  reference  to  numerous  papers 
on  the  topics  included.  I  do  not  think  these  are  valid  criticisms, 
because  from  the  standpoint  of  the  reader  a  lucid,  intelligible 
and  thoroughly  readable  story  is  infinitely  preferable  to  a  cata- 
logue of  miscellaneous  contributions.  If  we  ask  ourselves  what 
impressions  may  be  derived  from  reading  the  book,  perhaps  the 
following  will  come  uppermost.  First,  the  extraordinary 
diversity  of  Entomological  Science  as  now  understood,  its  num- 
erous points  of  contact  with  fundamental  biological  problems, 
and  no  less  with  the  practical  affairs  of  life.  Whereas  for- 
merly the  Entomologist  was  thought  of  as  a  rather  isolated  and 
erratic  member  of  the  biological  fraternity,  now  he  finds  him- 
self in  the  front  ranks  of  biological  progress.  Second,  the 
novelty  of  much  that  is  recorded,  and  the  fact  that  we-  stand 
on  the  edge  of  a  vast  territory  to  be  explored.  Not  only  this, 
but  such  exploration  may  be  undertaken  by  any  serious  student 
of  reasonable  ability,  with  almost  no  expense.  The  field  lies 
before  us,  and  time  and  persistence  are  the  prime  necessities 
for  success.  Third,  the  interrelations  between  Entomology 
and  the  other  natural  sciences,  Botany,  Geology,  Physics,  Chem- 
istry. The  Entomologist  stands  on  his  own  particular  hill,  but 
he  surveys  the  universe.  The  physicist  and  chemist  may  ignore 
Entomology,  but  the  Entomologist  cannot  ignore  Physics  and 
Chemistry.  Thus,  in  the  long  run,  he  may  be  the  better  trained 
man,  with  a  larger  outlook  on  the  realities  of  existence.  In- 
deed, he  also  has  to  concern  himself  with  certain  aspects  of 
economics  and  sociology,  and  may  make  bold  to  have  scientific 
opinions  on  political  questions. 

But  perhaps  we  have  said  too  much.  The  aspiring  student 
may  retire  in  terror  before  such  a  program.  How  much 
simpler  to  become  a  teacher  of  College  Algebra!  Who  can, 
being  a  mere  mortal  of  limited  powers,  pretend  in  these  days 
to  be  a  competent  Entomologist?  I  think  that  we  of  that  pro- 
fession are  doomed  to  go  through  life  with  a  sense  of  our 


xlii,    '31  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  211 

inadequacy,  with  the  feeling  that  we  are  not  equal  to  our  task. 
But  the  same  is  true  of  life  itself,  which  has  always  presented 
an  insoluble  enigma  to  many.  This  very  sense  of  incomplete- 
ness, of  things  unfulfilled,  is  the  greatest  attraction.  The  road 
may  be  hard  and  difficult  and  we  cannot  sec  where  it  ends,  but 
it  is  a  fine  thing  to  be  moving  along,  with  a  new  vista  around 
each  bend.  It  is  to  such  adventurers  that  linms  appeals,  with 
rare  skill  and  judgment. 

How  rapidly  we  are  moving  is  shown  by  the  criticism  which 
is  naturally  suggested  on  reading  the  chapter  on  Fossil  Insects. 
There  is  no  evidence  that  the  author  has  ever  heard  of  F.  M. 
Carpenter.  But  actually,  Carpenter's  most  important  papers, 
those  which  might  well  have  affected  the  conclusions  set  forth 
in  the  chapter,  are  too  recent  to  have  been  available  when  it 
was  written.  It  does  seem,  that  in  the  chapters  on  Morphology, 
some  reference  might  have  been  made  to  the  work  of  Petrunke- 
vitch  on  the  organization  of  the  Arthropoda.  Referring  to  the 
distribution  of  the  tsetse  fly,  the  author  remarks:  "The  tsetse 
fly,  for  example,  is  unable  to  survive  the  ecological  conditions 
presented  by  the  Sahara  Desert,  and  consequently  has  not  pene- 
trated north  of  that  vast  area.  Similarly,  it  has  not  spread 
into  Asia,  where  the  Arabian  Desert  presents  a  more  formidable 
barrier  than  the  relatively  narrow  strip  of  water  forming  the 
Red  Sea."  If  we  write  "does"  for  "has",  this  is  sound  enough; 
but  probably  Dr.  Imms  had  forgotten  that  several  species  of 
tsetse  flies  are  fossil  in  the  Miocene  of  Colorado.  The  state- 
ment (p.  82)  that  there  are  no  fossil  Micropterygidae  overlooks 
the  existence  of  a  species  (to  be  seen  in  the  British  Museum) 
in  Burmese  amber.  (Tillyard  wrongly  says  in  Baltic  amber.) 
Some  other  details  in  the  account  of  fossil  insects  need  revision, 
and  especially  it  is  necessary  to  offer  a. warning  against  the 
uncritical  acceptance  of  "restorations",  and  the  undue  signifi- 
cance often  attributed  to  names  which  appear  in  the  literature, 
but  actually  have  no  very  sound  basis.  Thus,  reference  is  made 
to  GeiwpJris  ITandlirsch  (the  type  of  a  family  Genaphididae 
Handlirsch).  from  the  Meso/oic  of  England.  It  is  known  by 
the  figure  in  Brodie's  work,  and  does  appear  to  be  an  aphid, 
but  we  have  little  information  concerning  it.  Is  it  not  possible 
to  take  a  small  figure  like  this  of  a  very  minute  object  too 
seriously?  Paleoentomology  is  full  of  pitfalls,  and  it  is  all 
too  easy  to  make  mistakes  of  interpretation.  A  curious  recent 
example  of  this  is  afforded  by  the  discussion  of  Odyncnts 
pdtaeopkilus  in  Psyche,  December,  1929  (issued  March,  1930) 
page  368.  Two  such  competent  experts  as  Bequaert  and  Brues 


212  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |J"lV-'    '3  1 

looked  at  the  type  with  a  lens,  and  decided  that  it  was  not 
one  of  the  Diploptera.  But  later,  Carpenter  very  kindly  made 
for  me  a  greatly  enlarged  photograph  of  the  type,  and  a  more 
typical  Diplopteron,  and  Odynerid,  it  would  he  hard  to  find. 
As  stated  in  my  original  description  (1906),  "it  would  be  easy 
to  misinterpret  the  venation  of  this  insect."  See  Plate  V  in 
this  issue  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS. 

T.   D.   A.    COCKERELL. 


OBITUARY. 

FERDINAND   F.    CREVECOEUR,   an   amateur   entomologist   and 
naturalist  who  has  been  the  source  of  many  insect  records  from 

j 

Onaga,  Kansas,  died  suddenly  on  April  7,  1931.  He  was  buried 
in  the  Onaga  cemetery.  Mr.  Crevecoeur  was  born  at  Chicago, 
Illinois,  June  23,  1862.  Following  the  death  of  his  father,  he, 
in  April,  1870,  came  with  his  mother  to  live  on  a  farm  near 
Onaga,  Kansas,  where  he  lived  until  his  death.  He  remained 
a  bachelor  and  lived  alone  after  his  mother's  death  in  1908. 
A  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  Yearbook  came 
into  his  possession,  which  opened  up  to  him  a  field  of  biological 
science  and  geology.  He  had  much  correspondence  with  officials 
of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  who  gave 
him  much  encouragement.  The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  the  National  Museum 
sent  him  their  publications  in  the  biological  and  geological  fields. 
To  these  services  and  the  Kansas  Academy  of  Science  he  gave 
the  major  credit  for  his  technical  knowledge  and  encourage- 
ment. 

In  1917,  Mr.  Crevecoeur  gave  practically  all  of  his  natural 
history  collection  to  Ottawa  University,  at  Ottawa,  Kansas. 
As  an  amateur,  he  published  quite  extensively.  There  have 
been  published  several  more  or  less  popular  articles  in  the 
Onaga  Republican,  one  article  in  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1903, 
and  nine  articles  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Kansas  Academy 

, 

of  Science  (1903-1922).  A  biography  and  also  a  bibliography 
have  been  prepared  by  Dr.  Roger  C.  Smith  for  publication  in 
the  Transactions  of  the  Kansas  Academy  of  Science. 

R.  L.  PARKER, 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XLII. 


Plate  V. 


ODYNERUS    PALAEOPHILUS.-COCKERELL. 


OCTOBER,  1931 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLII 


No.  8 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 


CONTENTS 

Richards — Sub-sub  Specific  Names  in  Lepidoptera 213 

Hall — A  New  Sarcophaga  from  South  Carolina  (Dipt.  ;  Sarcophagidae  217 

Burke — Another  Entomological  Society  ...                219 

Dr.  A.  B.  Klotz  at  Rochester,  New  York 219 

Bell — A  New  Species  of  Resperiidae  from  Jamaica,  British  West  Indies  220 
Williams — Cerambycinae  from  Kartabo,  Bartica  District,  British  Guiana 

(Coleoptera)        

Robertson — Oligolectic  Andrenidae  (Hymen.) 226 

Graenicher — Some  Observations  on  the  Biology  of  the  Sarcophaginae 

(Diptera  :  Sarcophagidae) .    .  227 

Mr.  F    H.  Benjamin  at  the  U.  S.  National  Museum 230 

Aldrich — A  New  Entomological  Journal  in  South  America 230 

Neave — A  New  Entomological  Journal  in  England 231 

Entomological  Literature              232 

Review — Bradley's  A  Laboratory  Guide  to  the  Study  of  the  Wings  of 

Insects       ....                           238 

Review — Bradley's  The  Teaching  of  the  Principle  of  Homologies  to 

Elementary   Classes    in    Biology,   and   the  Use  of   Phylogenetic 

Series  in  the  Laboratory 238 

Obituary — Father  Erich  Wasmann 240 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January  15,  iqai. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder,Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors. 

Advisory  Committee :  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and   South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .  ....          3.15 

Foreign  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  oi  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
slated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  number* 
•f  copies  -will  be  at  .the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XLIL  OCTOBER,   1931  No.  8 


Sub-sub-Specific  Names  in  Lepidoptera. 

A.  GLENN  RICHARDS,  JR., 

Entomology  Dept,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

In  the  NEWS  for  November  and  December,  1930,  pages  298- 
302.  324-328,  an  article  on  the  naming  of  individual  variants 
in  Lepidoptera  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Klots  appeared,  which  may  be 
briefly  summarized  as  showing  the  untenability  of  Gunder's 
system  of  classification  within  the  species  and  giving  a  sub- 
stantiated argument  as  to  why  "Scientific  names  should  not  be 
applied  to  any  concept  lower  than  subspecies".  More  recently 
(ENT.  NEWS,  March,  1931,  pages  80-82)  Mr.  Talbot  has  writ- 
ten on  the  same  subject  in  these  pages,  and  agrees  whole- 
heartedly with  the  point  as  to  the  untenability  of  Gunder's  sys- 
tem, but  would  not  go  so  far  as  to  second  the  latter  statement. 
He  adds  more  examples  as  to  the  inadvisability  of  aberrational 
or  "transition  form"  names,  but  beyond  this  would  not  be  in- 
clined to  go.  And  then  concludes,  "A  name  should  be  given 
to  any  specimen  or  specimens  which  show  definite  differentiat- 
ing characters,  provided  these  characters  are  not  of  a  teratologi- 
cal  or  pathological  type,"  but  "If  the  requisite  data  be  not 
available,  the  classification  of  the  new  form  must  remain  sub 
judlcc." 

In  other  words,  Mr.  Talbot  would  put  such  work  upon  a 
breeding  basis  when  possible,  and  then,  if  the  character  is  not 
"teratological  or  pathological",  would  name  it  regardless  of 
what  its  true  nature  is,  so  long  as  he  thinks  such  a  name  might 
be  of  convenient  use. 

Let  us  glance  at  this  for  a  moment  from  a  genetic  point  of 
view,  as  Mr.  Klots  has  done,  and  see  if  that  will  help  us  any. 
There  are  the  well-proven  Mendelian  characters  (which  seem 

213 

OCT    71931 


214  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

so  repulsive  to  some  who  apparently  know  nothing  about  them). 
First  there  are  the  simple  Mendelian  characters  or  factors  or 
combinations  of  them ;  second  there  are  lethals,  linked  lethals, 
sex-linked  lethals  and  partial  lethals  or  teratological  factors  — 
all  of  which  would  certainly  come  within  the  scope  of  "path- 
ological types"  ;  third  we  may  have  sex-linked  characters  which 
travel  criss-cross  in  heredity ;  fourth  sex-limited  characters 
which  are  transmitted  equally  by  both  sexes  but  expressed  in 
only  one ;  and  other  types  which  we  need  not  consider  here. 
These  types  all  have  the  same  biological  basis,  though  in  out- 
ward appearance  they  may  seem  quite  different.1 

How  does  this  affect  the  question  ?  In  the  first  place  many 
of  our  "forms"  are  seasonal,  which  means  only  a  certain  type 
of  environmental  effect — not  heritable — and  no  more  deserving 
a  "scientific  name"  on  biological  grounds  than  say  chrysalis 
burns.  Secondly  many  of  our  forms  are  merely  sex-linked, 
sex-limited,  or  even  simple  Mendelian  characters  or  combina- 
tions thereof,  and  as  such  should  not  be  given  scientific  names. 

Seasonal  forms  have  been  dispensed  with ;  mimetics  usually 
go  in  one  of  these — at  least  those  which  have  been  investigated 
genetically  (that  is  mimetic  forms  within  a  normally  non-mime- 
tic or  polymorphic  species),  and  are  frequently  sex-limited; 
local  forms  however,  present  a  somewhat  different  situation  for 
there  is  every  gradation  from  "field  forms"  (species  which 
differ  slightly  and  rather  constantly  from  one  field  to  the  next) 
to  local  forms  and  to  races  of  great  distribution  with  or  without 
sharp  boundaries.  The  boundary  must  be  arbitrary  here  re- 
gardless of  the  point.  No  one  would  want  a  name  for  every 
field  and  glen,  yet  I  think  everyone  would  agree  that  names  for 
the  great  races  are  of  use.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  best  place 
to  draw  a  line  here  is  between  the  great  regional  races. 

Thus  we  have  disposed  of  most,  at  least,  of  the  forms  lower 
than  subspecies  on  a  biological  basis,  and  leave  their  naming 
to  the  equally  arbitrary  and  highly  specialized  genetical  nomen- 

1  Sex-linked  lethals  would  be  quite  a  stumbling  block  here,  because 
while  technically  "pathological"  in  Mr.  Talbot's  sense,  they  would  not 
appear  so,  and  would  make  themselves  manifest  only  by  the  disturbed 
sex  ratio. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  215 

clature  which  is  much  better  fitted  to  handle  them ;  or  for 
environmental  forms  to  simple  descriptive  phrases  which  seem 
to  me  much  more  satisfactory.  It  is  noteworthy  that  many  of 
the  forms  which  Mr.  Talbot  would  retain  have  the  same  bio- 
logical basis  as  the  aberrations,  "teratological  and  pathological" 
forms  which  he  would  discard.2 

But  is  this  the  standpoint  from  which  he  is  viewing  the  sub- 
ject? There  are  some  who  would  say  that  any  form  which  is 
sufficiently  different  to  cause  any  possible  confusion  should  be 
named,  and  many  of  these  referred  to  above  would  be  such 
(including  aberrations)  ;  or  that  any  form  which  may  need  to 
be  specially  referred  to  from  time  to  time  should  have  a  name. 
Such  a  nomenclature  is  not  a  scientific  one;  it  is  one  of  con- 
venience. And  so  to  adopt  either  standard  we  must  use  either 
a  biological  or  a  convenience  basis.  On  dead  specimens  a 
biological  basis  is  impossible,  except  perhaps  in  some  cases  by 
analogy  with  well-known  related  forms.  Shall  we  make  of 
nomenclature  purely  a  tool,  and  adopt  the  convenience  basis? 
or  shall  we  give  our  nomenclature  a  biological  basis? 

Before  finally  committing  myself,  I  would  like  to  draw  at- 
tention to  Mr.  Talbot's  parting  point,  "If  the  requisite  data 
be  not  available  the  classification  of  the  new  Form  must  remain 
sub  j  ltd  ice".  This  is  a  definite  commitment  to  the  convenience 
form  of  nomenclature,  and  means,  in  short,  that,  whenever  a 
specimen  comes  to  hand  which  will  not  fit  conveniently  into 
the  present  set  of  names,  it  should  be  named,  and  left  for 
future  workers  to  retain  or  discard  when  the  data  are  obtained. 
This  is  the  usual  procedure  in  description  from  single  speci- 
mens, but  for  forms  within  the  species  would  it  not  be  better 
to  let  such  specimens  go  nameless  until  something  is  known 
about  them?  For  if,  as  is  often  the  case,  this  "form"  never 
reappears,  then  there  is  another  name  which  will  clutter  lists 
forever,  though  it  is  useless  and  perhaps  baseless. 

Let  us  glance  for  a  moment  at  other  fields  to  see  how  such 

~  It  might  be  worth  noting  in  passing  that  intermediates  in  and  of 
themselves  mean  nothing.  It  is  only  when  genetical  data  concerning  the 
nature  of  this  intermediacy  are  available  that  they  become  intelligible. 
(See  Morgan,  T.  H.  "A  Critique  of  the  Theory  of  !•'. volution".  Prince- 
ton Univ.  Press,  1916,  or  any  of  the  standard  texts.) 


216  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

cases  are  treated.  Mr.  Talbot  draws  a  comparison  with  mam- 
mals which  I  am  inclined  to  think  would  discourage  subspeci- 
fic  names.  But  let  us  look  still  further  afield  into  the  other 
phase  of  biology,  Botany,  and  see  what  is  the  general  custom 
in  such  matters.  From  my  acquaintance  with  the  field,  backed 
by  some  botanical  friends,  I  would  say  that  the  practice  today 
is  not  to  name  such  forms,  but  to  include  them  in  the  general 
discussion.  Yet  the  analogues  of  all  these  we  have  been  con- 
sidering exist  among  plants  (except  possibly  mimicry),  and 
botanists  get  along  quite  satisfactorily  without  scientific  names 
for  them. 

With  these  two  bases  before  us,  which  shall  we  adopt?  Some 
may  be  inclined  to  look  for  a  compromise,  but  such  a  plan 
would  be  practically  impossible  to  apply  and,  due  to  personal 
opinion,  would  leave  things  in  about  as  bad  a  muddle  as  they 
are  now.  And  so  it  seems  to  me  that  the  best  method  would 
be  to  use  the  biological  basis  below  subspecies,  and  to  agree 
with  Klots  that  "Scientific  names  should  not  be  applied  to  any 
concept  lower  than  subspecies". 

In  discussions  dealing  with  these  forms,  or  for  recording 
of  data,  they  might  then  be  referred  to  much  as  the  geneticist 
refers  to  his  characters  today,  or  for  environmental  effects  by  a 
phrase  designating  the  effect  (spring  form,  wet  form,  etc.). 
The  results  of  such  a  system  would  be  a  much  simpler  tool 
(nomenclature),  and  as  good,  or  I  think  better,  handling  of 
these  forms  with  a  consequent  better  understanding  of  their 
real  nature.  We  are  all  agreed,  however,  that  Guilder's  sys- 
tem in  untenable,  and  that  aberration  or  "transition  form" 
names  should  be  abolished  as  such.  Therefore  we  hope  that 
rulings  made  by  made  in  the  near  future  to  cover  this  point.3 

3  Attention  might  be  called  to  the  loose  appellation  of  insects  as  among 
the  "lower  groups  of  organisms"  from  an  evolutionary  standpoint.  One 
commonly  thinks  of  them  as  lower  than  the  Vertebrates,  but  in  any  dis- 
cussion involving  evolution  thus  to  place  such  a  specialized  group  not  at 
all  ancestral  to  the  "higher  forms"  is  not  good.  Some  of  them  are  "low" 
without  doubt,  but  many  of  them  are  quite  as  highly  specialized  as  any 
mammal,  and  the  particular  order  under  consideration  is  among  the 
higher  ones.  Even  such  a  "low"  insect  as  a  cockroach  is  known  far  back 
into  geologic  times  with  little  change.  The  difference  in  length  of  life 
cycle  is  important  in  this  connection,  but  it  is  not  because  insects  are 
"lower  organisms". 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  217 

A  New  Sarcophaga  from  South  Carolina 
(Diptera:  Sarcophagidae). 

By   DAVID   G.   HALL,   Asst.   Entomologist,   U.    S.   Bureau   of 
Entomology,  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Among  the  species  of  Sarcopliaga  which  are  rarely  found 
in  collections  and  uncommonly  taken  in  the  field  are  those  hav- 
ing three  posterior  dorsocentral  bristles,  the  genital  segments 
black,  and  the  hind  tibia  of  the  male  without  villosity.  Of 
these,  only  ten  species  and  one  variety  have  been  described  from 
North  America,  two  from  Europe,  and  two  from  Asia.  The 
following  species  herein  described  belongs  to  this  group. 

Sarcophaga  nox,  n.  sp. 

$  .  Head ;  front  0.227  of  the  head  width  (average  of  three 
specimens:  0.208,  0.208,  0.227);  height,*  10,  length  at  the 
antennae,  9,  length  at  the  vibrissae,  8;  paraf rentals  and 
parafacials  silvery  gray  pollinose,  slightly  golden  above,  the 
former  with  a  single  row  of  rather  long  bristles  below  near 
eye ;  frontal  bristles  about  8  in  number,  diverging  rapidly  below 
in  the  lower  two  or  three ;  outer  verticals  developed ;  orbitals 
absent.  Antennae  black,  third  joint  hardly  twice  second,  reach- 
ing two-thirds  the  distance  to  the  vibrissae  which  are  normal 
and  at  the  oral  margin  ;  arista  with  short  plumosity  for  about 
half  its  length ;  palpi  and  proboscis  black,  ordinary.  Bucca 
about  one-fifth  the  eye  height,  with  numerous  black  hairs,  none 
pale  before  the  metacephalic  suture ;  back  of  head  with  two 
distinct  rows  of  post-ocular  ciliae,  a  few  pale  hairs  about  the 
middle  and  below ;  metacephalon  a  little  elongated. 

Thorax :  Only  slightly  grayish  pollinose,  with  the  usual  three 
to  five  black  stripes  which  are  not  apparent ;  posterior  dorso- 
central bristles  three ;  anterior  dorsocentral  bristles  two ;  an- 
terior acrostichal  bristles  only  slightly  larger  than  surrounding 
hairs ;  prescutellar  bristles  one ;  sternopleurals  three ;  propleura 
bare ;  scutellum  with  two  marginal  and  no  preapical  nor  apical 
bristles. 

Abdomen:  Very  dark,  slightly  grayish  pollinose  with  three 
faint  stripes,  tessellated,  the  third  and  fourth  segments  slightly 
golden  pollinose;  second  and  third  segments  with  medium  mar- 
ginal bristles,  fourth  with  a  row  of  about  twelve:  fifth  sternite 

*  The  height  of  the  head  in  comparison  with  the  length  of  the  head 
at  both  the  antennae  and  vibrissae,  in  units  of  one.  This,  if  given,  will 
satisfactory  yield  an  impression  of  the  head  shape,  a  point  that  separates 
such  divergent  genera  as  Amobia  and  Brachyconta. 


218 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[Oct.,  '31 


divided,  heavily  chintinized,  black,  the  inside  edges  with  numer- 
ous long  hair  and  abundant  golden  pile.  Hypopygium  black; 
first  segment  large,  rounded,  with  a  slight  covering  of  golden 
pollen,  a  row  of  about  7  long  bristles  on  the  posterior  edge; 
several  scattered  bristles  and  numerous  hairs ;  second  segment 
small,  short,  with  scattered  hair  and  bristles ;  forceps  black  with 
numerous  hairs  behind,  blunt,  tips  truncated;  accessory  plate 
dull  orange  with  numerous  scattered  hairs ;  genital  features  as 
illustrated  in  Fig.  1. 


S.HOX  M. 


Fig.  \.-Sarcophaga  nox  Hall.     Left  lateral  view  of  male  hypopygium 
and  rear  view  of  forceps. 

Wings  somewhat  darkened ;  first  vein  bare,  third  with  several 
setulae ;  costal  spine  developed ;  third  costal  segment  about 
three-fifths  as  long  as  fifth. 

Legs  black ;  hind  tibia  without  villosity ;  middle  femur  with- 
out comb ;  middle  tibia  with  two  long  and  one  short  antero- 
dorsal  bristles. 

9  .  Head ;  front,  0.308  of  head  width  in  the  single  specimen ; 
the  parafacials  and  parafrontals  slightly  less  pollinose  than  in 
the  male ;  the  thorax  and  abdomen  more  grayish,  the  stripes 
on  the  thorax  more  apparent ;  chaetotaxy  as  in  the  male  except 
for  the  usual  female  characteristics.  Genital  segments  black. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  219 

This  species  superficially  resembles  6\  f>ulla  Aid.,  which  be- 
longs to  the  provisional  "A"  group,  in  nature,  owing  to  the 
dark  color  and  lack  of  pollinosity.  It  goes  to  Couplet  5,  Group 
C,  p.  95,  in  Aldrich.  1916,  Sarcophaga  and  Allies,  but  is  sepa- 
rated from  S.  flctchcri  Aid.,  the  first  of  the  two  species  indi- 
cated in  the  couplet,  by  the  general  lack  of  pollinosity,  and 
from  the  second,  Xcnoppia  hypopygialis  Townsend,  by  the  lack 
of  a  single  bristle  or  macrochaeta  on  the  lower  parafacial. 

Male  holotypc  and  female  allot ype  No.  43315,  U.  S.  National 
Museum. 

Described  from  three  males  and  one  female  collected  No- 
vember 18  and  19.  1930,  in  the  sand  dunes  about  200  feet 
from  the  shore  line  of  the  Atlantic,  at  Folly  Beach,  Charleston, 
SOUTH  CAROLINA,  by  Mr.  F.  J.  Krueger  and  the  author,  and 
one  male  collected  at  Mayport,  FLORIDA,  March  25,  1931,  by 
the  author.  The  males  were  collected  upon  foliage,  and  the 
female  upon  a  wooden  box  which  contained  decaying  meat. 


Another   Entomological   Society. 

I  would  like  to  add  another  entomological  society  to  the 
list  in  the  May  number  of  the  NEWS. 

THE  CALIFORNIA  ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB,  composed  of  Gov- 
ernment, State,  county,  university,  and  commercial  entomologists 
residing  in  northern  California  was  organized  April  25,  1930, 
at  Sacramento,  Calif.  Stewart  Lockwood  of  the  State  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  was  elected  president,  Prof.  E.  O. 
Essig  of  the  University  of  California  vice-president,  and  Dr. 
H.  E.  Burke  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Entomology  sec- 
retary-treasurer. Sixty-one  signed  the  roll  as  charter  members. 

The  officers  for  1931  are  Prof.  E.  O.  Essig,  president;  A.  J. 
Flebut  of  the  California  Spray-Chemical  Co.,  vice-president ; 
Dr.  H.  E.  Burke,  secretary-treasurer.  There  are  136  active 
members,  0  corresponding  members  and  0  honorary  members. 
— H.  E.  BURKE,  Secretary-Treasurer,  Forest  Insect  Laboratory, 
Stanford  University,  California. 

Dr.  A.  B.  Klots  at  Rochester,  New  York 

DR.  ALEXANDER  B.  KLOTS,  of   Cornell   University,  has  ac- 
cepted a  position  with  Ward's   Natural   Science  Establishment 
as  head  of  the  entomological  department.     He  will  also  be  an 
associate    in    entomology    at    the    University    of    Rochester.— 
Science,  August  14,  1931. 


220  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

A  New  Species  of  Hesperiidae  from  Jamaica, 
British  West  Indies. 

By  E.  L.  BELL,  Flushing,  New  York. 

Choranthus  lilliae  new  species. 

$  .  Uppcrsidc.  Primaries,  costal  margin  from  cell-end  to 
base,  cell,  basal  area  and  basal  two-thirds  of  inner  margin 
below  vein  I,  deep  fulvous ;  an  oblique  band  of  three  discal 
spots  of  the  same  color,  a  little  paler,  between  veins  1-2,  2-3, 
3-4,  the  lowest  spot  the  longest,  and  all  slightly  excavate  on 
the  outer  edge ;  three  elongate  subapical  dashes,  followed  by 
two  similar  ones  in  interspaces  9  and  10,  all  of  the  same  color ; 
apical  area  and  outer  margin  broadly  black ;  a  thin,  black, 
longitudinal  line  through  the  center  of  the  cell;  veins  black; 
an  oblique,  narrow,  grayish-black  stigma  of  two  parts,  below 
the  cell,  the  first  part  from  just  below  and  outside  the  rise  of 
vein  3  to  vein  2,  the  second  part  continued  obliquely  inward 
from  vein  2  to  vein  1 ;  the  narrow  space  between  the  stigma 
and  the  cell  is  black. 

Secondaries,  deep  fulvous  crossed  by  black  veins,  the  costal 
and  outer  margins  broadly  black,  the  black  outer  border  pro- 
jecting inwardly  between  veins  1  and  2 ;  long  fulvous  hairs 
extend  over  the  cell  and  basal  three-quarters  of  the  wing  from 
vein  2  to  the  abdominal  fold. 

Beneath.  Primaries,  base  black  below  the  costal  vein,  ex- 
tending outward  to  a  point  below  the  end  of  the  cell ;  costal 
margin  as  far  as  the  end  of  the  cell  and  the  outer  half  of  the 
cell,  deep  fulvous ;  the  three  discal  spots  repeated,  the  two  upper 
ones  slightly  paler  than  above  and  the  lower  one  yellowish ; 
apical  area  red-brown ;  lower  half  of  the  outer  margin  and  the 
inner  margin  black.  Secondaries,  red  brown,  a  large  black 
spot  at  the  anal  angle ;  a  hazy,  ill-defined  accumulation  of  paler 
scales  forming  a  short  discal  band  of  three  spots,  which  may 
be  absent ;  a  pale,  ill-defined  spot  in  the  end  of  the  cell. 

Fringes  of  primaries  fulvous  at  the  anal  angle,  black  above, 
sometimes  with  a  few  fulvous  hairs  intermixed ;  of  the  secon- 
daries fulvous,  sometimes  with  a  few  black  hairs  at  the  end 
of  the  veins  and  at  the  outer  angle.  Thorax  above,  fulvous- 
brown  with  a  greenish  reflection ;  beneath  fulvous.  Abdomen 
above,  basally  the  same  as  the  thorax,  becoming  deep  fulvous 
toward  the  apex  and  on  the  sides ;  beneath  sordid  whitish. 
Legs  fulvous.  Head  and  collar  greenish  with  a  small  yellow 
spot  at  the  base  of  the  antennae  and  behind  the  eyes.  Palpi 
yellowish  intermixed  with  black,  especially  toward  the  tip ;  the 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  221 

tip  black.  Pectus  yellowish-fulvous.  Antennae  black  above; 
beneath  yellow  with  black  joints;  the  club  yellow;  apiculus 
black.  Eyes  black. 

Expanse:  36  to  40  mm.  (Center  of  thorax  to  apex  of 
primary  x  2.) 

Type  material :  nine  males  from  the  upper  part  of  the  gorge 
at  Bath,  St.  Thomas  Parish,  Jamaica,  B.  W.  I.  Holotypc  male, 
April  4th,  1931,  deposited  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  New  York  City;  one  male  para-type,  April  6th,  1931, 
in  collection  of  the  British  Museum,  London,  England ;  one 
male  paratypc  April  6th,  1931,  in  collection  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  Penna. ;  one  male  paratype, 
April  1st,  1931,  in  collection  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
Washington,  D.  C. ;  five  maic  paratypes,  April  1st,  4th,  5th, 
1931,  in  collection  of  the  author. 

The  figure  of  the  genitalia 
is  from  one  of  the  paratypes. 
This  handsome  species  is 
named  for  Miss  Lilly  G.  Per- 
kins, of  Claremont,  Jamaica, 
B.  W.  I.,  whose  zeal  in  col- 
lecting has  added  much  to  the. 
knowledge  of  the  insect  fauna 
of  that  island. 

During  a   visit   to  Jamaica, 

Chorantkus  IWia*.  rf  genitalia.  ^   ^^  ^  ^^    ^^  ^ 

writer  collected  the  specimens  here  described,  in  the  gorge  above 
the  Baths  of  St.  Thomas,  at  Bath.  They  were  found  in  a  very 
restricted  area  on  the  bank  of  the  small  stream  that  flows 
through  the  gorge.  With  one  exception  they  were  found  only 
in  the  morning  and  but  one  or  two  at  a  time,  four  being  the 
most  for  any  one  day.  They  did  not  visit  any  of  the  flowers, 
but  rested  on  the  leaves  of  low  vegetation.  Although  the  steep 
sides  of  the  gorge  were  thoroughly  searched  in  the  vicinity  of 
where  they  were  found,  not  a  single  individual  was  seen  any- 
where but  in  this  one  small  place.  No  females  were  found. 

This  species  is  larger  than  Choranthus  liailcnsis  Skinner  and 
Choranthus  radians  Lucas,  and  has  a  much  darker  ground  color 


222  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

and  more  prominent  black  veins  than  either  of  those  species. 
On  the  under  side  it  differs  from  haitensis  in  the  broad  black 
border  of  the  primaries  and  the  dark  red-brown  color  of  the 
secondaries  with  the  prominent  black  anal  spot ;  from  radians 
it  differs  on  the  under  side  in  the  ground  color  and  the  lack 

of  the  pale  veins. 

— -* — 

Cerambycinae  from  Kartabo,  Bartica  District,  British 

Guiana  (Coleop.) 

By  SAMUEL  H.  WILLIAMS,  University  of  Pittsburgh. 

In  the  joint  collections  of  the  writer  and  the  New  York 
Zoological  Society,  the  Cerambycinae  are  represented  by 
twenty-five  genera,  and  thirty-seven  species.  Additional  species 
taken  at  other  places  in  British  Guiana  are  not  included  in  this 
list,  which  is  only  a  contribution  to  the  Kartabo  fauna,  which 
has  been  so  intensively  studied  by  Dr.  William  Beebe  and  his 
associates.  Material  collected  in  the  hinterland  of  British 
Guiana  and  in  the  other  Guianas  indicates  a  wide  diversification 
and  distribution  of  coleopterous  insects  in  the  region  between 
the  Amazon  and  Orinoco  rivers,  with  a  localization  of  certain 
species,  and  an  extensive  range  characterizing  others.  Most  of 
the  work  done  in  this  region  has  been  more  or  less  scattered 
with  the  emphasis  having  been  placed  on  Central  American, 
Amazonian  and  Cayenne l  faunae.  British  Guiana  connects 

j 

these  regions  and  offers  untold  possibilities  in  distributional 
studies. 

The  writer  has  spent  considerable  time  in  an  attempt  to  make 
an  intensive,  systematic  survey  of  the  Coleoptera  of  the  lower 
jungle  area  in  British  Guiana  and  in  an  endeavor  to  obtain 
some  information  as  to  the  effects  of  altitude  on  the  general 
distribution  of  species.  Specimens  collected  between  the  coast- 
land  and  Mt.  Roraima,  which  is  a  considerable  distance  back 
of  Kaieteur  Falls,  show  that  some  of  the  species  taken  at 
Kartabo  are  quite  generally  distributed,  while  other  species  are 
confined  to  the  narrow  strip  of  dense  jungle  along  the  coastal 
lowlands. 

1  French  Guiana. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  223 

Within  certain  species,  having  a  wide  range,  there  seems  to 
be  considerable  variation  and  in  one  or  two  cases  the  identities 
listed  here  are  not  absolutely  certain.  There  is  some  justifica- 
tion for  creating  varieties  and  subspecies  but,  inasmuch  as  the 
types  were  not  available  and  because  of  the  fact  that  the  original 
descriptions  are  frequently  so  inadequate,  the  observed  differ- 
ences do  not  appear  to  the  writer  as  being  of  sufficient  value 
for  the  creation  of  new  species.  To  avoid  additional  synonyms, 
the  writer  has  decided  to  allow  the  listed  identities  to  stand  until 
the  opportunity  is  presented  to  compare  the  specimens  with 
more  examples,  although  the  identified  list  has  already  been 
checked  against  collections  in  England,  Germany,  France, 
Austria,  and  Czechoslovakia. 

Studies  in  this  section  of  South  America  reveal  the  need  of 
monographic  works  on  the  numerous  genera  described  from 
the  region.  Most  of  the  generic  descriptions  are  contained  in 
very  early  works  which  are  not  accessible  to  the  average  stu- 
dent and  the  lack  of  generic  keys  makes  it  necessary  to  plough 
through  endless  volumes  of  descriptions  in  order  to  properly 
locate  collected  specimens.  In  the  numerous  museums  visited 
by  the  writer,  myriads  of  Coleoptera  collected  in  South  America 
are  not  identified.  To  assume  that  the  majority  of  these  are 
new  species  would  be  a  serious  mistake,  because,  while  the 
fauna  is  large,  much  work  on  the  beetles  of  the  region  has  been 
done  by  Olivier,  Fabricius,  Thomson,  Serville,  Chevrolat, 
Gounelle,  Bates  and  others. 

As  indicated  in  previous  papers  on  the  Coleopterous  fauna 
of  British  Guiana  by  the  writer,2  the  present  list  is  not  presented 
as  complete  but  is  given  only  as  a  contribution  to  our  knowledge 
of  the  Kartabo  region. 

British  Guiana  is  a  fertile  field  for  investigations.  The 
pleasure  of  studies  in  the  magnificent  jungles  is  greatly  en- 

2  Williams,  Samuel  H. — A  List  of  Prionid  Beetles  Taken  at  Kartabo, 
Bartica  District,  British  Guiana  with  the  Description  of  a  New  Species. 
Annals  of  the  Carnegie  Museum,  Volume  XIX,  Number  2,  1929. 

The  Cicindelidae  at  Kartabo,  Bartica  District,  British  Guiana. — ENT. 
NEWS,  Volume  XL,  Number  6,  June  1929. 

Eine  Neue  Oreodera  Art  aus  Sudamerika.  Deutsch.  Entom.  Zeitsch. 
heft  3  1928. 


224  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

hanced  by  the  cooperation  of  the  public-spirited  officials  of  the 
country  and  the  Department  of  Science  and  Agriculture  which 
incorporates  a  staff  of  well-trained  and  broadminded  scientists 

of  the  highest  character. 

The  writer  wishes  to  thank  Professor  Dr.   Ferdinand  Pax 

of  The  Zoologisches  Institut  uncl  Museum  der  Universitat  in 
Breslau;  Professor  Doctor  H.  Kuntzen  of  the  Zoologisches 
Museum  in  Berlin  and  Doctor  W.  Arnclt  of  the  Berlin  Museum, 
for  their  assistance  in  securing  necessary  literature.  He  is 
also  indebted  to  Mr.  G.  K.  Arrow  and  Major  Austen  of  the 
British  Museum  for  courtesies  extended.  The  New  York 
Zoological  Society  collections  were  made  available  through  the 
kindness  of  Dr.  William  Beebe,  from  whom  the  writer  has 
been  the  recipient  of  many  friendly  favors. 

The  nomenclature  used  in  this  list  is  according  to  the  Junk- 
Schenkling  Catalogus  Coleopterorum,  part  39,  representing  the 
list  made  by  Aurivilius. 

Family  CERAMBYCIDAE. 
Sub  family  CERAMBYCINAE. 

Group  II.     DISTENIINI.  Group  XIV.     CERAMBYCINI. 

Genus  Distenia  Serv.  Genus  Hamaticherus  Serv. 

D.  bicolor  Thomson.  H.  batus  Linn. 

Group  XL     ACHRYSONINI.  H.  castaneus  Bates. 

Genus  Achryson  Serv.  H.  lacordairei  Gah. 

A.  surinamum  Linn.  H.  plicatus  Oliv. 

Group   XII.     TORNEUTINI.  H.  rugosus  Oliv. 

Genus  Torneutes  Reich.  Genus  Sphallenum  Bates. 

T.  lansbergei  Thorns.  S.  robustum  Bates. 

Group  XV.     HESPEROPHANINI.     Genus  Chlorida  Serv. 

C.  festiva  Linn.  An  extremely  abundant  species  attracted  to 
lights  at  night.  Of  the  hundreds  of  specimens  of  Chlorida 
taken,  only  one  specimen  of  C.  denticulata  was  found. 

C.  denticulata  Buquet. 

Group  XVI.     EBURIINI.  E.  6-guttata  Lameere. 

Genus  Eburodacrys  Thorns.     E.  sex  maculata  Oliv. 
Group  XVIII.     SPAHERIONINI.     Genus  Periboeum  Thorns. 

P.  pubescens  Oliv. 

It  is  difficult  to  distinguish  among  several  related  genera 
here  because  of  rather  inadequate  generic  descriptions.  Thom- 
son's description  of  the  genus  Periboeum  says  "Thorax  strongly 


xlii,  '31] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


225 


tubercled  on  the  sides  in  both  sexes,  thinly  clothed  with  long 
hairs.  Antennae  hairy,  with  distinct  spines  externally  at  the 
end  of  each  segment  and  with  two  spines  on  the  terminal  seg- 
ment, the  external  spine  being  the  smaller.  Femur  swollen 
and  club  like,  spineless  and  with  a  short  peduncle  at  the  base. 
Middle  coxal  cavities  open  on  the  outside.  Femur  and  tibia 
smooth,  more  or  less  clothed  with  bristle-like  or  silken  hairs." 

Thomson  states  that  the  thorax  carries  a  spine  but  in  most 
species  the  structure  is  a  conical  tubercle,  even  in  the  types  of 
this  genus.  Gounelle 3  insists  that  the  above  formula  is  too 
rigid  for  the  members  of  the  genus  and  indicates  that  certain 
species  lack  the  two  terminal  spines  on  the  antennae  while 
others,  although  the  elytra  are  smooth  and  shining,  have  the 
head,  thorax  and  ventral  side  of  the  body  covered  with  a  thin 
pubescence. 

Pcribocum  is  apt  to  be  confused  with  Stisocera,  Sphacrion 
and  Nepholius.  It  may  be  distinguished  from  these  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner : 

(1)  Middle  coxal  cavities  closed  on  the  outside,  femur  spiny 

—Stizocera  Serv. 

(2)  Middle  coxal  cavities  open  on  the  outside,  femur  with- 
out spines — 3. 

(3)  Elytra  smooth  and  shining;  thorax   furnished  on  each 
side   with   a   prominent   tubercle   in   both    sexes,    rarely    spiny 

—Peribocmn  Thorns. 

(4)  Sides  of  the  thorax  rounded  and  punctuated  in  the  same 
manner  at  the  sternum  of  the  male,  thin  and  tubercular  in  the 
male ;  antennae  without  or  with  very  small  and  inconspicuous 
spines  in  the  male  —Sphaerion  Serv. 

(5)  Thorax  bearing  a  series  of  small  conical  tubercles  on 
each  side  in  both  sexes,  frequently  without  sexual  punctuation ; 
spines  of  the  antennae  longer  and  more  numerous  in  the  male 

—Ncphalius  Newman. 


Genus   Pantonyssus   Bates. 
P.   nigriceps   Bates. 

Genus  Mallocera  Serv. 
M.  glauca  Serv. 
Group  XX.     IBIDIONINI. 

Genus   Ibidion   Serv. 
I.  maronicum  Thorns. 
Group  XXII.     CALLIDIOPINI. 

Genus    Cylindera    Newman. 
C.  flava  Fab. 


Group  LVI.     RHINOTRAGINI. 

Genus  Omata  White. 
O.  elegans  White. 

Genus  Acyphoderes  Serv. 
A.  abdominalis  Oliv. 

Genus  Odontocera  Serv. 
O.  fasciata  Oliv. 
Group  LXV.  CALLICHROMINI. 

Genus  Callichroma  Lat. 
C.  vittatum  Fab. 


3  Gounelle — Listes   des   Cerambycides   de   la   region   de   Jatahy,   etat   de 
Goyaz  Brazil.     Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  France  LXXVII,  1909. 


226 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Oct.,  '31 


C.  auronicum  Linn. 

Group  LXVI.  CAMPSOCERINI. 

Genus  Orthoschema  Thorns. 
O.  albicorne  Fab. 
Group  LXIX.     CLYTINI. 

Genus  Neoclytus  Thorns. 
N.  rufus  Oliv. 

Genus  Mecometopus  Thorns. 
M.  jansoni   Bates. 
Group  LXXV. 

RHOPALOPHORINI. 

Genus  Cosmisoma  Serv. 
C.  ammiralis  Linn. 
Group  LXXVII. 

HETEROPSINI. 

Genus  Chrysoprasis  Serv. 
C.  auricollis  Dalm. 
C.  festiva  Serv. 


Group  LXXXIV. 

STERNACANTHINI. 

Genus  Sternacanthus  Serv. 
S.  undatus  Oliv. 

Genus  Batus  Thunb. 
B.  barbicornis  Linn. 

B.  hirticornis  Gyllh. 
Genus  Ceragenia  Serv. 

C.  bicornis  Fab. 
Group  LXXXV. 

PTEROPLATINI. 
Genus    Pteroplatus    Buquet. 
P.  lycoides  Guer. 
Group  LXXXVII. 

TRACHYDERINI. 
Genus   Trachyderes  Dalm. 
T.  melas  Bates. 
T.  succintus  Linn. 
T.  bicolor  Voet. 


The  collection  will  be  placed  at  the  disposition  of  the  New 
York  Zoological  Society. 


Oligolectic  Andrenidae   (Hymen.). 

Lately  Cockerell  says:  "Graenicher,  in  his  Wisconsin  list, 
catalogues  five  species  of  Andrena  which  gather  pollen  from 
Saliv,  ten  from  the  Compositae,  four  from  Umbelliferae,  and 
one  each  from  Claytonia  virginica,  Hydrophyllum,  Geranium 
maculatum,  Fragaria,  and  Parnassia." 

Graenicher  (1905)  gave  a  list  of  13  species  which  were  the 
same  as  those  recorded  in  my  local  list  of  21  species  (1899) 
and  added  11  species  (2  erroneous  and  2  doubtful).  What  he 
contributed  to  my  list  was  one  species  from  Sali.r,  five  from 
Compositae,  one  from  Umbelliferae,  and  one  each  from  Fra- 
garia and  Parnassia.  And  this  list  would  not  have  been  pub- 
lished if  it  had  not  been  preceded  by  that  of  1899. 

My  local  list  of  local  oligolectic  bees  (Ecology  7:378-9, 
1926)  shows  9  Andrenidae  oligoleges  of  Salir,  8  of  Compositae, 
and  one  each  of  Cruciferae,  Umbelliferae,  Aruncus  sylvcstcr, 
Claytonia  virginica,  Geranium  maculatum,  Nothoscordum 
bivalve,  Polcnwnium  reptans  and  1'iola.  Andrena  gcranii  and 
nasonii,  given  in  my  first  list,  are  not  oligoleges  of  Hydrophyl- 
and Umbelliferae.— CHARLES  ROBERTSON,  Carlinville,  Illi- 


nois. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  227 

Some  Observations  on  the  Biology  of  the  Sarco- 
phaginae  (Diptera :  Sarcophagidae). 

By  S.  GRAENICHER,  South  Miami,  Florida. 

As  stated  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich  l  "the  species  of  Sarcophaga 
range  in  larval  habits  from  scavengers  to  parasites  of  warm- 
blooded animals".  The  species  mentioned  below  -  have  been 
bred  from  dead  animals  and  excrements  exposed  in  the  open 
in  my  immediate  neighborhood,  or  from  material  picked  up  at 
random  at  various  points  in  the  Miami  region. 

Along  with  this  part  of  the  work,  some  feeding  experiments 
have  been  carried  on  with  the  larvae  of  three  of  the  species 
for  the  purpose  of  testing  the  tolerance  of  the  larvae  to  various 
food  substances  upon  which,  so  far  as  we  know,  they  do  not 
occur  under  natural  conditions. 

SPECIES  BRED  FROM   DEAD  ANIMALS  AND  EXCREMENTS. 

From  8  rats :  Sarcophaga  bullata  Park,  from  all  8,  -S\  stcrno- 
dontis  Towns,  from  3,  S.  plinthopyga  Wied.  from  1. 

From  2  birds  (quail  &  chick)  :  bullata  from  both. 

From  5  snakes:  bullata  from  all  5.  stcrnodontis  from  2. 

From  3  fish :  bullata  from  all  3,  stcrnodontis  from  2. 

From  2  marine  snails  (Strom-bus  gigas  and  Janthina  fragilis} 
exposed  at  South  Miami :  bullata  from  both — from  a  Janthina 
fmgilis  found  on  the  beach  at  Miami  Beach :  Sarothromyia 
fcmoralis  Sch.  var.  simplex  Aid. 

From  3  crustaceans  (2  landcrabs,  Cardisoma  guanhumi,  and 
1  bluecrab,  Callincctcs  sp.)  :  bullata  from  2  (landcrabs),  stcrno- 
dontis from  1  (bluecrab),  S.  impar  Aid.  from  1  (landcrab), 
S.  uvlchi  Hall  from  3  (landcrabs  and  bluecrab). 

From  insects  (a  quantity  of  dead  cockroaches,  Pcriplancta 
australasiuc  Fabr.)  :  bullata. 

From  2  dead  myriapods  (Spirobolus  sp.)  :  stcrnodontis  from 
1,  and  S.  singularis  Aldr.  from  1. 

From  a  dead  whip  scorpion  (Mastigoproctus  gigantcus}  : 
stcrnodontis. 

From  rotten  beef :  bullata,  stcrnoduntis  and  Sarcophagula 
occidua  Fabr. 

From  human  excrement :  bullata  3  times  and  .S".  floridcnsis 
Aldr.  once.  On  three  occasions  human  excrement  deposited  in 
privy  vaults  was  found  swarming  with  maggots  from  which 
bullata  came  forth. 

1  J.  M.  Aldrich,  Sarcophaga  and  Allies  in  North  America,  p.  16. 

2  My  thanks  are  due   Mr.   David   G.   Hall,   who  has  given  me   some 
valuable  help  in  the  identification  of  the  material. 


228  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

From  dog  excrement :  occidna  once. 

With  exposed  chicken  manure  and  cow  manure  no  results 
were  obtained. 

From  all  of  this  material  bullata  was  bred  27  times,  sterno- 
dontis 1 1  times,  plinthopyga  once,  itnpar  once,  welchi  3  times, 
floridensis  once,  singularis  once,  fcmoralis  var.  simplex  once, 
occidiM  twice.  It  will  be  noticed  that  hclicis  Towns,  (un- 
doubtedly rapax  Walk.,  according  to  Aldrich3)  does  not  figure 
at  all  in  these  results. 

According  to  the  information  contained  in  Aldrich's  "Sarco- 
phaga  and  Allies"  bullata  has  been  bred  from  carrion  and  dead 
fish,  sternodontis  from  insects,  hclicis  from  dead  and  live  in- 
sects, plinthopyga  from  carcasses  (Bishopp),  impar  from  in- 
sects (live  pupae)  and  beef  refuse,  singularis  from  Spirobolus 
myriapod)  ;  no  records  for  floridensis,  fcmoralis  var.  simplex 
and  occidua. 

Plank  4  has  found  sternodontis  to  be  the  most  important  of 
the  minor  parasites  of  the  sugar  cane  stalk  borer,  Diatraea 
saccharalis  Fabr.,  in  Cuba.  It  has  been  reared  from  pupae  and 
injured  larvae.  Hclicis  has  also  been  obtained  from  the  larvae 
of  Diatraea. 

The  evidence  on  hand  points  to  bullata:  as  a  most  important 
scavenger  with  no  parasitic  leanings  whatever,  to  sternodontis 
as  a  scavenger  with  pronounced  parasitic  tendencies,  and  to 
hclicis  as  a  scavenger  on  dead  insects  and  a  true  parasite  on 
live  ones  (also  reared  from  a  myriapod,  Spirobolus  sp.). 

FEEDING  EXPERIMENTS  WITH  THE  LARVAE  OF  HELICIS, 
STERNODONTIS  AND  BULLATA. 

Since  the  Sarcophagidae  deposit  larvae  instead  of  eggs,  it  is 
a  comparatively  simple  procedure  to  press  the  larvae  from  the 
body  of  a  female  when  the  latter  is  ready  to  larviposit,  as 
Allen 5  has  done  in  his  studies  of  the  habits  of  Scnotainia 

3J.  M.  Aldrich,  Notes  on  the  types  of  Am.  two-winged  flies  of  the 
genus  Sarcophaga,  etc.  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  78,  Art.  12,  pp.  1-39,  pis. 
1-3  (1930). 

4  H.  K.  Plank.  Natural  enemies  of  the  sugar  moth  stalk  borer  in  Cuba. 
Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.  22,  621-640  (1929). 

5  H.  W.   Allen.   N.   Am.  species  of  two-winged   flies  belonging  to  the 
tribe  Miltogrammini.     Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  68,  Art.  9,  pp.  1-106,  pis. 
1-5  (1926). 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

trilincata.  The  larvae  from  10  females  of  hclicis,  11  of  stcrno- 
dontis,  and  11  of  bullata  were  used  in  these  experiments.  Iden- 
tification of  the  species  was  based  on  the  males  of  the  offspring. 

Hclicis.  From  female  No.  1 :  Fed  up  on  decaying  rat  meat 
exclusively.  Full  development  after  5  days ;  2  male  and  2 
female  adults  on  22nd  day. 

From  female  No.  2 :  Given  at  first  rat  meat,  later  beef. 
Ready  to  pupate  on  5th  day.  Adults  on  23rd  day. 

From  female  No.  3 :  Fed  for  the  first  3  days  on  beef  with 
good  results,  for  the  next  24  hours  on  chicken  manure  with 
very  poor  results.  From  then  on  reaching  a  rapid  and  full 
development  on  2  dead  large  cockroaches.  Adults  on  21st  day. 

From  female  No.  4:  Fed  like  those  from  No.  3,  with  the 
same  results. 

The  larvae  from  the  remaining  6  females  were  brought  to 
maturity  either  on  decayed  or  fresh  cockroaches  (disabled  by 
crushing  the  head),  and  no  differences  noted  in  the  outcome. 

In  summing  up  the  results  with  the  larvae  of  hclicis,  it  may 
be  stated  that  they  fed  and  thrived  on  the  meat  of  warm- 
blooded animals  (rat  and  beef)  just  as  well  as  on  fresh  or 
decaying  insects  (cockroaches).  Chicken  manure  is  evidently 
not  a  proper  kind  of  diet. 

Stcrnodontis.  Feeding  experiments  with  the  larvae  were 
carried  on  in  the  same  manner  as  with  those  of  hclicis.  No 
noteworthy  differences  were  observed,  whether  they  were  fed 
on  meat  from  various  sources  (beef,  rat  and  fish)  or  on  fresh 
or  decaying  insects  (cockroaches).  Chicken  manure  was  found 
to  be  entirely  unsuitable;  the  larvae  made  poor  headway  and 
finally  succumbed,  not  a  single  one  reaching  maturity.  Dura- 
tion of  the  larval  and  pupal  stages  from  15  to  18  days. 

Bullata.  As  was  to  be  expected  in  view  of  the  known  habits 
of  this  species,  the  larvae  thrived  on  various  kinds  of  decom- 
posed meat,  as  also  on  fresh  and  putrid  cockroaches.  They  de- 
veloped normally  on  human  excrement ;  my  efforts,  however, 
to  bring  them  up  on  chicken  excrement  were  entirely  unsuc- 
cessful. Adults  after  22  to  25  days. 

Under  natural  conditions  the  larva  of  a  Sarcophaga  is  re- 
stricted to  the  particular  kind  or  kinds  of  food  upon  which  it 
is  deposited  by  the  female,  while  in  the  feeding  experiments 


230  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

the  larvae  were  given  a  wider  range  in  their  diet.  The  larvae 
of  the  three  species  under  consideration  showed  a  remarkable 
agreement  in  the  acceptance  and  utilization  of  the  various  kinds 
of  food  substances  offered  them,  irrespective  of  the  differences 
displayed  by  the  females  in  the  selection  of  food  for  their  off- 
spring. Hallock  °  had  a  similar  experience  with  5\  latisterna 
Park.,  gravid  females  of  which  were  confined  in  cages  and 
offered  larvae  of  the  Japanese  beetle ;  they  failed  to  larviposit 
on  these  larvae,  while  maggots  dissected  from  the  abdomen  of 
the  fly,  and  placed  on  freshly  killed  larvae  of  the  same  beetle 
"fed  rapidly,  and  developed  normally." 

Referring  to  the  parasitism  of  Sarcophaga,  Aldrich  ("Sarco- 
phaga  and  Allies,"  p.  246)  states  that  we  are  dealing  with  a 
group,  the  habits  of  which  are  still  more  plastic  than  in  the 
Tachinidae.  Plasticity  is  evidently  more  pronounced  in  the 
larvae  than  in  the  adults,  as  indicated  by  the  manner  in  which 
the  former  accept  food  substances  differing  in  kind  from  those 
selected  for  them  by  the  mother  flies. 


Mr.  F.  H.  Benjamin  at  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

MR.  FOSTER  H.  BENJAMIN,  who  was  for  some  years  assistant 
to  Dr.  Barnes  at  Decatur,  Illinois,  has  been  transferred  to  the 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology  and  assigned  to  a  position  in  the 
National  Museum  where  he  will  devote  most  of  his  time  to 
identification  work  on  North  American  Lepidoptera.  Mr.  Ben- 
jamin has  been  for  the  last  three  years  engaged  in  work  on  the 
Mexican  orange  worms  and  the  Mediterranean  fruit  fly  for 
the  Plant  Quarantine  and  Control  Administration  of  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture  at  Orlando,  Florida. — Science, 
August  14,  1931. 

A  New  Entomological  Journal  in  South  America. 

Rcrc'ista  dc  Eniomoloyia  is  the  name  of  a  new  journal  of 
which  the  first  fascicle  is  dated  April  25,  1931.  It  is  under  the 
editorship  of  Thomas  Borgmeier,  O.  F.  M.,  Caixa  Postal  1302, 
Sao  Paulo,  Brazil,  and  subscriptions  are  received  by  Mario 
Autuori,  at  the  same  address.  It  is  a  quarterly,  and  the  first 
fascicle  contains  128  pages.  The  price  is  three  dollars  a  year 
postpaid. 

6  H.  C.  Hallock.  Notes  on  methods  of  rearing  Sarcophayinac  (Diptera) 
and  the  biology  of  Sarcophaqa  latistcrna  Park.  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.  22, 
246-250  (1929). 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  231 

The  fascicle  is  handsomely  gotten  up,  comparing  favorably 
with  the  best  European  and  other  journals.  The  contributions 
are  by  Melzer,  Bruch,  Horn,  Fonseca,  Spitz,  Autuori,  Leuder- 
waldt  and  Townsend,  and  are  in  Portugese,  Spanish,  German 
and  English,  with  incidental  Latin.  A  single  plate  and  num- 
erous text  figures  are  well  printed.  The  article  by  Townsend 
is  especially  noteworthy,  as  it  contains  a  resume  in  40  pages  of 
the  results  of  his  examination  of  muscoid  types  in  the  European 
museums  in  1928,  as  far  as  the  American  genera  and  species 
are  concerned. 

Father  Borgmeier  is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  fine  appear- 
ance and  excellent  contents  of  this  first  number.  The  journal 
is  worthy  of  the  support  of  all  entomologists  who  are  not 
limited  to  "north  of  Mexico," — a  class  which  is  happily  in- 
creasing.— J.  M.  ALDRICH. 


A  New  Entomological  Journal  in  England. 

The  Council  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London  has 
decided  to  issue  a  new  entomological  journal,  beginning  in 
January  1932,  in  12  parts  per  annum,  entitled  Stylo ps,  A  Jour- 
nal of  Ta.vonouiic  Entomology,  under  the  editorship  of  S.  A. 
Neave,  M.A.,  D.Sc.,  as  Secretary  of  the  Society,  assisted  by 
F.  W.  Edwards,  M.A.,  Sc.D. ;  A.  D.  Imms,  M.A.,  Sc.D., 
F.R.S. ;  Sir  Guy  A.  K.  Marshall,  C.M.G. ;  D.Sc.,  F.R.S.,  Mar- 
tin E.  Mosely,  Hugh  Scott,  M.A.,  Sc.D.,  and  W.  H.  T.  Tarns. 
The  annual  subscription  to  Stylops  will  be  24s.,  or  $6.00,  post 
free,  single  parts  3s.  each,  but  Fellows  of  the  Society  will  have 
the  right  to  subscribe  for  one  copy  at  the  special  rate  of  16^ 
per  volume.  The  journal  is  primarily  designed  to  meet  the 
demand  for  the  prompt  publication  of  short  taxonomic  papers. 
For  this  reason  papers  exceeding  10,000  words,  or  occupying 
more  than  12  pages,  cannot  be  accepted  for  it.  and  preference 
will  be  given  to  appreciably  shorter  ones.  The  Society  is  pre- 
pared to  undertake  the  provision  of  a  reasonable  number  of 
text-figures  or  plates  when  only  line-blocks  are  required,  though 
authors  will  be  expected  to  supply  the  original  drawings.  In 
the  case  of  half-tone  or  colour  work,  authors  will  also  be  re- 
quired to  pay  for,  or  supply,  the  necessary  blocks.  Authors, 
who  need  not  be  Fellows  of  the  Society,  will  be  entitled  to 
receive  25  copies  of  their  papers  free  of  charge  and  will  be 
permitted  to  purchase  additional  quantities  at  a  fixed  scale. 
Papers  in  English,  French  or  German  may  be  submitted,  but 
must  be  typewritten  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only.  Those1  de- 
siring to  offer  papers  should  send  them  to  the  EDITOR,  at  41 
Queen's  Gate,  South  Kensington,  London,  S.IV.  7. 


232  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA  S.   MACKEY  UNDER  THE   SUPERVISION  OF 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  I  1  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in  the  January  and  June 
numbers  (or  which  may  be  secured  from  the  publisher  of  Entomological 
News  for  lOc),  in  which  the  paper  appeared.  The  number  of,  or  annual 
volume,  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  ) 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

•Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  •  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

Htir~Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Aaron,  S.  F.— -The  little  wonder  flies  [Nat. 
Mag.]  18:  158-162,  ill.  Barber,  H.  S.— Traps  for  cave- 
inhabiting-  insects.  [Jour.  E.  Mitchell  Sc.  Soc.,]  46:  259-266, 
ill.  *Carpenter,  F.  M.,  et  al. — Insects  from  the  Miocene 
(Latah)  of  Washington.  [7]  24:  307-322,  ill.  *Carpenter, 
F.  M. — The  lower  permian  insects  of  Kansas,  Part  4.  The 
order  Hemiptera,  and  additions  to  the  Paleodictyoptera  and 
Protohymenoptera.  [16]  22:  113-130,  ill.  *Cockerell  and 
LeVeque. — The  antiquity  of  insect  structures.  [90]  65:  351- 
359,  ill.  Comstock,  J.  H.— Obituary.  By  G.  W.  Herrick. 
[7]  24:  199-204.  ill.  Crevecoeur,  F.'  F.— Obituary.  By  R. 
L.  Parker.  [103]  4:  76.  ill.  Ewing,  H.  E.— Some  factors 
affecting  the  distribution  of  and  variation  in  North  Ameri- 
can ectoparasites.  [90]  65:  360-369.  Fage,  L. — Les  Araig- 
nees  cavernicoles.  [Arch.  Zool.  Exp.,  Paris]  71:  99-291,  ill. 
Faulkner,  P. — Insects  in  English  poetry.  [76]  1931 :  53-73. 
Johnson,  C.  W. — An  interesting  copy  of  Wiedemann's  Dip- 
tera  Exotica.  [5]  38:  25-26.  Puri^  D.  R. — Mimicry  and 
protective  colouration.  [Bull.  Dept.  Zool.  Panjab  Univ.]  1: 
53-56.  Robinson,  W. — The  thermopile  for  temperature  de- 
terminations in  entomology.  [7]  24:  417-423,  ill.  Waldron, 
L.  R. — Insects  as  pollen  carriers.  [68]  73:  703.  Weiss,  H. 
B.— John  Southall's  "Treatise  of  Buggs".  [6]  39:  253-258. 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,    ETC.— Baumgartner    & 
Payne.—  "Intravitam"  technic  used  in  studies  on  the  living 
cells  of  grasshoppers.  [42]  59:  359-393,  ill.    Buxton,  P.  A.- 
The  thermal  death-point  of  Rhodnius  (Heteroptera)  under 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

controlled  conditions  of  humidity.  [Jour.  Exp.  Biol.]  8: 
275-278,  ill.  Chorine,  V. — Contribution  a  1'ctude  cle  1'im- 
munite  chez  les  insectes.  [78]  65:  291-387,  ill.  Eyer,  J.  R.- 
The  relation  of  temperature  and  rainfall  to  outbreaks  of  the 
grape  leafhopper,  Erythroneura  comes.  [7]  24:  238-259,  ill. 
Hadjinicolaou,  J. — Effect  of  certain  radio  waves  on  insects 
affecting  certain  stored  products.  [6]  39:  145-150.  Heber- 
dey,  R.  F. — Zur  entwicklungsgeschichte,  vergleichenden 
anatomic  und  physiologic  der  weiblichen  geschlechtsaus- 
fiihrwege  der  insekten.  [46]  22:  416-586,  ill.  Hilton,  W.  A. 
—Nervous  system  and  sense  organs.  [13]  23:  27-41,  ill. 
Janisch,  E. — Experimentelle  untersuchungen  tiber  die  wirk- 
ung  der  umweltfaktoren  auf  insekten.  [46]  22:  287-348,  ill. 
Jodlowski,  M.  J. — Ueber  den  histologischen  Bau  der  spinn- 
drtisen  bei  ameisenlarven.  [100]  1930:  745-761,  ill.  Kawa- 
guchi,  E.  -  -  Ueber  den  dimorphismus  der  epithelzellen  im 
mitteldarm  der  seidenraupe  (Bombyx  mori).  [Jour.  Dept. 
Agric.  Kyushu  Imp.  Univ.]  3:  47-64,  ill.  Klingstedt,  H  — 
Digametie  beim  weibchen  der  trichoptere  Limnophilus 
decipiens.  [Acta  Zool.  Fennica,  Helsingforsiae]  10-11:  66 
pp.,  ill.  Kratky,  E. — Morphologic  und  physiologic  der 
driisen  in  kopf  und  thorax  der  honigbiene  (Apis  mellifica 
[94]  139:  120-200,  ill.  Marcu,  O.— Die  stridulationsorgane 
der  gattungen  Aparapion  und  Rhinastus  unter  den  Curcul- 
ioniden.  [34]  95:  331-333,  ill.  Maziarski,  M.  S.— Sur  le 
tissu  musculaire  des  insectes.  III.  Les  reseaux  musculaires 
(myosyndesmium)  des  gaines  ovariques  des  Coleopteres. 
[100]  "1930:  657-690,  ill.  Maziarski,  M.  S.— Sur  le  tissu 
musculaire  des  insectes.  IV.  Les  elements  contractiles  dans 
les  couches  musculaires  de  1'intestin  moyen  chez  les  Col- 
eopteres. [Comptes  Renclus  Men.  Classe  Sci.  Math,  et  Nat., 
Cracovie]  1931  :  8.  Meyer,  E. — Ueber  den  blutkreislauf  der 
ephemeriden.  [46]  22:  1-52,  ill.  Miczynski,  M.  K. — Etudes 
genetiques  clu  genre  Aegilops.  II.  Morphologic  et  cytologie 
des  hybrides  interspecifiques.  [Comptes  Rendus  Men. 
Classe  Sci.  Math,  et  Nat.,  Cracovie]  1931 :  8-9.  Millot,  J.- 
Les  glandes  sericigenes  des  Dysderides.  [Arch.  Zool.  Exp., 
Paris]  71  :  38-45,  ill.  Minnich/D.  E.— The  sensitivity  of  the 
oral  lobes  of  the  proboscis  of  the  blowfly,  Calliphora  vomi- 
toria,  to  various  sugars.  |42]  60:  129-131,  ill.  Regen,  J.— 
Ueber  den  aufbau  der  stridulationslaute  der  saltatoren  Or- 
thopteren.  [Sitzungber.  Akad.  Wissen.,  \\"ien|  139:  539- 
544.  Richmond,  E.  A. — The  external  morphology  of  Hv- 
drophilus  obtusatus  ( Hydrophilidae).  [6]  39:  191-250,  ill. 
Roubaud,  M.  E. — Fatigue  evolutive  cyclique  et  lignecs  in- 
fatigables  chez  la  mouche  verte  commune  Lucilia  sericata. 


234  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

[69]  193:  204-205.  Saint-Hilaire,  K.— Ueber  vorderdar- 
manhange  bei  Lophyrus-larven  und  ihre  bedeutung.  [46] 
21 :  608-616,  ill.  Spett  u.  Schaposchnikow. — Die  variabilitat 
des  mannlichen  und  weiblichen  geschlechts  bei  kafern.  [46] 
22:  121-162.  Stehr,  W.  C.— The  activating  influence  of 
light  upon  certain  aquatic  arthropods.  [42]  59:  297-335,  ill. 
Verlaine,  L. — L'instinct  et  1'intelligence  chez  les  Hymen- 
opteres.  [Mem.  Soc.  Ent.  Belgique]  23:  191-222.  Willrich, 
U. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  lichtkompassbewegung  und 
des  farbensinnes  der  insekten.  [89]  49:  157-204,  ill.  Zac- 
wilichowski,  M.  J. — Sur  1'innervation  et  les  organes  sen- 
soriels  des  ailes  chez  les  insectes.  [Comptes  Rendus  Men. 
Classe  Sci.  Math,  et  Nat.,  Cracovie]  1931:  10. 

ARACHNIDA     AND     MYRIOPODA.— *Beier,     M.- 

Neue  pseudoscorpione  der  U.  O.  Neobisiinea.  [Mitt.  Zool. 
Mus.,  Berlin]  17:  299-318,  ill.  *Roewer,  C.  F.— Drei  neue 
Cosmetiden  (Opilioniden)  aus  Mexiko.  [34]  95:  247-250, 
ill.  Thor,  S.— Das  Tierreich  .  .  .  Lief.  56.  Acarina.  Bdel- 
lidae,  Nicoletiellidae,  Cryptognathidae.  87  pp.,  ill.  Ver- 
hoeff,  K.  W. — Bronns  Klassen  und  Ordnungen  des  Tier- 
reichs.  Bd.  5.  Myriapoda.  Diplopoda.  1675-1834,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Ball,  A.- 

Note  descriptive  concernant  un  Ectopsocus  des  etats-unis 
(Psocoptera-Peripsocidae).  [Mem.  Soc.  Ent.  Belgique] 
23:  188-190.  *Bondar,  G. — Um  novo  genero  e  tres  novas 
especies  de  Thysanopteros  Heliothripineos,  Encontrados 
na  Bahia.  [Arch.  Inst.  Biol.,  Sao  Paulo]  4:  83-88,  ill. 
Briand,  L.  J. — Notes  on  Chrysopa  oculata  and  its  relation 
to  the  oriental  peach  moth  ( Laspeyresia  molesta)  infesta- 
tion in  1930.  [4]  63:  123-126.  Carpenter,  F.  M.— The 
biology  of  the  Mecoptera.  [5]  38:  41-55,  ill.  Crampton, 
G.  C. — The  genitalia  and  terminal  structures  of  the  male 
of  the  archaic  mecopteron,  Notiothauma  reedi,  compared 
with  related  Holometabola  from  the  standpoint  of  phy- 
logeny.  [5]  38:  1-21,  ill.  Dow,  R. — Odonata  from  Santa 
Clara,  Cuba.  [95]  44:  55-60.  Hottes,  F.  C.— Notes  con- 
cerning the  first  papers  dealing  with  the  aphid  fauna  of 
America.  [95]  44:  61-69.  Killington,  F.  J.— Osmylus  fulvi- 
cephalus  :  The  fore  coxae  of  the  female,  with  remarks  on 
a  confusion  of  the  sexes.  [9]  64:  135-136,  ill.  Knowlton  & 
Janes. — Studies  on  the  biology  of  Paratrioza  cockerelli. 
1 7]  24:  283-290,  ill.  Pope,  T.  E.  B.— [See  under  Lepidop- 
tera.|  Steger,  A.  L. — Some  preliminary  notes  on  the  genus 
Ephemerella.  [5]  38:  27-35.  *Watson,"  J.  R.— A  new  Hap- 
lothrips  from  Panama.  [39 1  155:  11-12.  Williamson,  E.  B. 
—A  new  North  American  Somatochlora  (Cordulinae). 
[Occas.  Pap.  Mus.  Zool.  Univ.  Mich.]  No.  225;  8  pp.,  ill. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  235 

ORTHOPTERA.— *Fulton,  B.  B.— A  study  of  the  genus 
Nemobius  (Grylliclae).   |7|  24:  205-237,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— *Ball,    E.    D.— Some    new    genera    and 
species   of   leafhoppers    related    to    Eutettix.    [39]    15:    1-6. 
*Ball,  E.  D. — Some  new  genera  and  species  of  leaf-hoppers 
related    to    Mesamia.    [19]    26:    91-95.      Beamer,    R.    H- 
Notes   on    the    17-year   cicada   in    Kansas.    [103]    4:    53-58, 
ill.     Beamer,    R.    H. — Some     Erythroneura     (Grape    leaf- 
hoppers)     of     the     maculata     group      (Cicadellidae).      [5] 
63:    127-135.      Buys,    J.    L— Leafhoppers    of    Mt.    Marcy 
and  Mt.  Macintyre,  Essex  Co.,  New  York   (Cicadellidae). 
[6]    39:    139-143.'     China,   W.   E.— An   interesting  relation- 
ship between  a  crayfish  and  a  water  bug.  [Nat.  Hist.  Mag. 
London]  3:  57-62, 'ill.     *Drake  &  Harris.— An  undescribed 
water-strider  from  Brazil.  [3]  20:  267-268.     Herrick,  G.  W. 
— The  magnolia  scale  (Neolecanium  cornuparvum).  [7]  24: 
302-305,    ill.      *Jaczewski,    T. — Die    Corixiden    (Corixidae, 
Heteroptera)     Zool.    Staatsint.    u.    Zool.    Mus.    Hamburg. 
[Mitt.  Zool.  Staatsinst.  u.  Zool.  Mus.  Hamb.]  44:  140-148, 
ill.    (S).      Kemper,    H. — Beitrage    biologic    der    bettwanze 
(Citnex  lectularius).  [46]  22:  53-120,  ill.    *Lawson,  P.  B.- 
Three    new    species    of   Acinopterus    with    notes    on    other 
species    (Cicadellidae).      [103]    4:    59-61.      Martin,   R.   S.- 
Two  new  Euphyllura  (Chermidae).   [103]  4:  68-70.     Mills, 
H.  B. — Notes  on  the  oviposition  of  Metapterus  annulipes. 
(Reduviidae).   [19]  26:  84,  ill.     *Oman,  P.  W.— Some  new 
Neocoelidia    with    notes    on    other    species.    (Cicadellidae.) 
[103]    4:   62-68.     Wadley,   F.    M.— Ecology   of   Toxoptera 
graminum,  especially  as  to  factors  affecting  importance  in 
the  northern  United  States.   [7]   24:  325-395,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA. — Bonniwell,  J.  C. — Notes  on  Mega- 
thymus  mariae.  [3]  20:  264-265.  Bratley,  H.  E. — Euvanessa 
antiopa.  The  mourning  cloak.  [39]  15:  7.  *Cassino,  S.  E. 
-New  Geometridae.  [The  Lepid.]  5:  17-24.  Clark,  A.  H. 
— The  extirpation  of  one  butterfly  by  another.  [Pop.  Sci. 
Month.]  Aug.  1931:  173-174.  *Clark,  B.  P.— Descriptions 
of  seven  new  Sphingidae  and  a  note  on  one  other.  [Pro. 
New  England  Zool.'  Club]  12:  77-83.  Clayhills,  T.  H.- 
Zur  kenntnis  der  temperaturabhangigkeit  der  jahrlichen 
abundanzkurven  von  Calymnia  trapezina.  [Mem.  Soc.  Pro 
Fauna  et  Flora  Fennica]  5:  91-95,  ill.  *Heinrich,  C.— Notes 
on  and  descriptions  of  some  American  moths.  [50]  79,  Art. 
13:  16  pp.,  ill.  (S).  ^Holland,  W.  J.— Notes  on  some 


236  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

American  butterflies  mainly  relating  to  classification  and 
nomenclature.  [3]  20:  255-264.  Klots,  A.  B. — Notes  on 
lepidoptera  collected  in  a  Connecticut-Rhode  Island  wood- 
land. [19]  26:  57-70,  ill.  Klots,  A.  B.— Notes  on  some 
moths  collected  at  Silver  Lake,  Chesham,  New  Hampshire. 
[5]  38:  36-37.  *Meyrick,  E. — Micro-lepidoptera  from  South 
Chile  and  Argentina.  [An.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  Buenos  Aires] 
36:  377-415.  Pollard,  C.  L.— Habits  of  South  American 
equatorial  butterflies.  [6]  39:  167-170.  Pope,  T.  E.  B.- 
Collecting  along  the  Yellowstone  Trail.  [Yr.  Book  Public 
Mus.  Milwaukee]  1929:  36-68,  ill.  Risbec,  M.  J.— Un  pen- 
tatome  parasite  de  la  Chenille  epineuse  du  Cotonnier 
(Earias  huegeli).  [69]  193:  247-250.  Rockwood  &  Zimmer- 
man.— A  seed  caterpillar,  Grapholitha  conversana,  on  a 
native  clover  in  the  North  Pacific  region.  [47]  43 :  57-65, 
ill.  *  Williams,  R.  C.— Cuban  Hesperiidae.  [1]  57:  305-318, 
ill.  Wucherpfennig,  F. — Sammeltage  im  Urwalde  am  Rio 
Madeira.  [18]  25:  100-105,  ill. 

DIPTERA.— ^-Alexander,  C.  P.— Records  and  descrip- 
tions of  neotropical  crane-flies  (Tipulidae).  [6]  39:  109- 
122.  *  Alexander,  C.  P. — A  list  of  the  crane-flies  of  Quebec. 
[4]  63:  135-147.  Bishop  &  Hart.- — Note  on  a  migration  of 
mosquito  larvae.  [19]  26:  88-90,  ill.  *Borgmeier,  T.— Sobre 
alguns  Phorideos  que  parasitam  a  sauva  e  outras  Formigas 
Cortadeiras  (Phoridae).  (S).  [Arch.  Inst.  Biol.,  Sao  Paulo] 
4:  209-228,  ill.  *Bromley,  S.  W.— New  Asilidae,  with  a 
revised  key  to  the  genus  Stenopogon.  [7]  24:  427-435.  da 
Costa  Lima,  A. — Notas  sobre  "Culicidae".  (S).  [An.  Mus. 
Hist.  Nat.,  Buenos  Aires]  36:  359-368,  ill.  *Duda,  O.— Die 
neotropischen  Chloropiden.  [Folia  Zool  et  Hydrobiol., 
Riga]  3:  159-172.  *Fluke,  C.  L.— Notes  on  certain  Syrphus 
flies  related  to  Xanthogramma  with  descriptions  of  two 
n.  sps.  [Tr.  Wise.  Ac.  Sci.]  26:  289-309,  ill.  Johnson,  C.  W. 
-Two  new  species  of  fungus  gnats  of  the  genus  Apemon. 
|  5]  38:  22-24,  ill.  *Krober,  O. — Neue  arten  aus  clem  genus 
Esenbeckia  (Tabaniclae).  (S).  [34]  94:  245-257,  ill.  Krober, 
O. — Neue  arten  der  gattung  Fidena  (Tabaniclae).  [34]  95: 
17-37.  (S).  *Kroeber,  O. — Die  Pelecorhynchinae  und  Mel- 
piinae  Sudamerikas.  [Mitt.  Zool.  Staatsunst.  u.  Zool.  Mus. 
Hamb.]  44:  149-196,  ill.  Lathrop  &  Nickels.— The  blue- 
berry maggot  from  an  ecological  viewpoint.  |7]  24:  260- 
281,  ill.  *Lindner,  E. — Die  ausbeute  der  deutschen  Chaco- 
Expedition  1925-26.  Rhopalomeridae  und  Ortalididae.  |56| 
9:  282-284.  (S).  McNeel,  T.  E.— A  method  for  locating  the 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  237 

larvae  of  the  mosquito  Mansonia.  [68]  74:  155.  Melvin,  R. 
—Notes  on  the  biology  of  the  stable-fly,  Stomoxys  calci- 
trans.  [7]  24:  436-438.'  *Nitzulescu,  V.— Sur  un'Phlebo- 
tome  nouveau  du  Venezuela  P.  gomezi.  [54]  9:  247-255, 
ill.  *Parent,  O. — Dipteres  Dolichopodides  de  1'Amerique 
du  Slid.  [Abh.  Mtis.  f.  Tierk.  &  Volkerk.  Dresden]  18:  21 
pp.,  ill.  *Rohdendorf,  B. — Calliphorinen-studien.  [34]  95: 
175-177.  Schwardt,  H.  H. — The  biology  of  Tabanus  lineola. 
[7]  24:  409-416.  Shannon,  R.  C— On  the  classification  of 
Brazilian  Culicidae  with  special  reference  to  those  capable 
of  harboring  the  yellow  fever  virus.  [10]  33:  125-164,  ill. 
*Van  Duzee,  M.  C. — New  South  American  species  of  Doli- 
chopodidae.  [40]  483:  26  pp.,  ill.  *Van  Duzee,  M.  C.— New 
South  and  Central  American  Dolichopodidae.  [40]  484:  14 
pp.,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— *Blackman,  M.  W.— A  revisional 
study  of  the  genus  Gnathotrichus  in  North  America.  [91] 
21 :  264-276,  ill.  *Blake,  D.  H.— Notes  on  West  Indian  and 
Central  American  flea-beetles  (Halticinae).  [19]  26:  76-82, 
ill.  Borgmeier,  F.  T. — Uma  curiosa  familia  de  coleopteros 
1 32]  6:  257-258.  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— A  supposed  insect 
larva  from  the  Jurassic.  [19]  26:  96-97,  ill.  Darlington, 
P.  J. — A  new  name  for  Nebria  vandykei.  [5]  38:  24. Frost, 
C.  A. — Hyperaspis  paludicola.  Hyperaspis  disconotata. 
[5]  38:  35.  Frost,  S.  W.— The  habits  of  leaf-mining  Cole- 
optera  on  Barro  Colorado  Island,  Panama.  [7]  24:  396-404, 
ill.  *Hoscheck,  A.  B. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Bupres- 
tiden.  [Mitt.  Zool.  Mus.  Berlin)  17:  133-164,  ill.  (S).  *John- 
son,  P.  H. — A  new  species  of  Myochrous  (Chrysomelidae). 
[4]  63:  148.  *Lesne,  M.  P. — Notes  sur  les  Coleopteres 
Terediles.  (S).  [Bull.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Nat.,  Paris]  3:  96-105, 
ill.  *Luederwaldt,  H. — Novos  Lucanideos  brasileiros.  [32] 
6:  123-127.  *Melzer,  J. — Longicorneos  americanos,  princi- 
palmente  do  Brasil,  novos  ou  pouco  conhecidos  (Ceramby- 
cidae).  [Arch.  Inst.  Biol.,  Sao  Paulo]  4:  51-82,  ill.  *Reich- 
ensperger,  A. — Die  wirt  der  Mesynodites — gruppe  nebst 
beschreibung  neuer  ecitophiler  und  termitophiler  Histeri- 
denarten.  (S).  [89]  61,  Syst. :  263-284,  ill.  *Valentine,  J.  M. 
—New  cavernicole  Carabidae  of  the  subfamily  Trechinae. 
[Jour.  E.  Mitchell  Sc.  Soc.]  46:  247-258,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Alfonsus,  E.  C.— A  one-eyed  bee 
(Apis  mellifica).  |7|  24:  405-406,  ill.  *Bondar,  G.— Con- 
tribuiqao  para  o  conhecimento  dos  Hymenopteros  phyto- 
phagos  Calcidoideos.  (S).  [32]  6:  111-117,  ill.  Bromley,  S. 


238  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

W.— Hornet  habits.  [6]  39:  123-129.  Crevecoeur,  A.— Le 
maraudage  occasionnel  tendance  au  cleptoparasitisme 
chez  divers  Psammocharidae.  [Mem.  Soc.  Ent.  Belgique] 
23:  183-187.  *Cushman,  R.  A.  --  Three  new  Braconidae 
parasitic  on  bark  beetles.  [91]  21:  301-304.  Driggers  & 
Pepper. — Macrocentrus  ancylivora  and  M.  delicatus  dis- 
tinct species.  [7]  24:  293-301",  ill.  Gallardo,  A.— Notas  sobre 
las  Dorilinas  Argentinas.  [An.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  Buenos 
Aires]  36:  43-48.  Green,  H.  E. — Preliminary  study  of  the 
ants  of  Southern  California.  [13]  23:  25.  Kitao,  Z. — Unter- 
suchungen  ueber  die  larve  der  kiefernblattwespe,  Nesodi- 
pron  japonica.  [Jour.  Coll.  Agric.  Imp.  Univ.  Tokyo]  11: 
151-191,  ill.  Proper,  A.  B. — Eupteromalus  nidulans,  a  par- 
asite of  the  brown-tail  and  satin  moths.  [47]  43:  37-56,  ill. 
Rau,  P. — An  unusual  nest  of  the  yellow-jacket,  Vespa  ger- 
manica.  [19]  26:  85-88.  Satterthwait,  A.  F. — Anaphoidea 
calendrae,  a  mymarid  parasite  of  eggs  of  weevils  of  the 
genus  Calendra.  [6]  39:  171-190.  Verlaine,  L. —  [See  under 
Anatomy  &  Physiology.]  *Wheeler,  W.  M. — New  and 
little  known  ants  of  the  genera  Macromischa,  Croesomyr- 
mex  and  Antillaemyrmex.  [Bui.  Mus.  Comp.  Z.]  72:  1-34. 
Zimmermann,  K. — Studien  ueber  individuelle  und  geograp- 
hische  variabilitat  palaearktischer  Polistes  und  verwandter 
vespiden.  [46]  22:  173-230,  ill. 

A  LABORATORY  GUIDE  TO  THE  STUDY  OF  THE  WINGS  OF 
INSECTS,  (iv+)  41  pp.,  67  accompanying  unbound  plates. 
$1.25. — SUGGESTIONS  FOR  THE  INSTRUCTOR  in  Connection  with 
the  use  of  the  Laboratory  Guide  to  the  Study  of  the  Wings  of 
Insects.  17  pp.  (lithoprinted.)  75c. — THE  VENATION  OF  IN- 
SECTS' WINGS,  a  brief  laboratory  guide  and  exercises  in  the 
study  of  phylogenetic  series  and  the  principle  of  homology  for 
elementary  students  of  biology.  9  pp.,  13  accompanying  un- 
bound plates.  50c. — All  by  JAMES  CHESTER  BRADLEY,  M.  S., 
Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Entomology  and  Curator  of  Invertebrate 
Zoology  in  Cornell  University.  Ithaca,  New  York.  Daw,  111- 
ston  &  Co.,  1931. 

THE  TEACHING  OF  THE  PRINCIPLE  OF  HOMOLOGIES  TO  ELE- 
MENTARY CLASSES  IN  BIOLOGY,  AND  THE  USE  OF  PHYLOGEN- 
ETIC SERIES  IN  THE  LABORATORY.  By  J.  CHESTER  BRADLEY. 
School  Science  and  Mathematics,  Vol.  XXXI,  No.  5,  pp.  525- 
532,  14  figs.  May.  1931. 

Those  eminent  expositors  of  the  wing  venation  of  insects, 
the  late  Professor  Comstock  and  the  living  Professor  Needham, 


Xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  239 

have  found  a  successor  in  their  pupil  and  associate  in  the  Cor- 
nell faculty.  Professor  J.  C.  Bradley.  Dr.  Bradley  helieves 
that  the  wings  of  insects  and  their  venation  furnish  "the  most 
readily  available  and  altogether  satisfactory  phylogenetic  series 
that  can  be  placed  before  all  elementary  students"  of  biology, 
"even  in  large  laboratory  sections."  Needless  to  say  he  also 
regards  their  study  as  very  essential  to  the  future  entomologist, 
and  for  both  classes  of  students  he  has  provided  the  laboratory 
manuals  above  cited.  The  plates  show  the  actual  venation  of 
different  insects  printed  in  pale  ink.  The  student,  comparing 
these  unlabeled  plates  with  each  other  and  using  two  or  more 
colored  inks  or  pencils,  endeavors  to  mark  the  homologous  veins 
with  the  same  color  or/and  label  them  to  show  their  homologies. 
Dr.  Bradley  rightly  says:  "If  the  student  is  obliged  to  work 
out  the  successive  steps  of  modification  with  a  minimum  of 
guidance  from  the  teacher  and  with  no  guidance  from  literature, 
except  the  directions  in  this  guide,  the  whole  course  becomes 
analogous  to  a  simplified  research  problem.  .  .  .  Experience 
shows  that  the  student,  led  to  work  out  the  problems  of  the 
course  in  the  way  indicated,  finds  a  compelling  interest  in  their 
solution.  Studied  in  this  way,  the  work  has  a  distinct  value  as 
training  in  clear  and  independent  thinking."  "The  instructor 
should  refuse  to  point  out  errors  which  the  student  is  capable 
of  discerning  for  himself.  Compel  the  student  to  criticize  his 
own  work  and  discover  all  errors  which  are  derived  from  care- 
lessness or  failure  to  apply  logical  deduction  or  critical  analy- 
sis." While  the  two  guides  naturally  contain  directions  to  the 
student,  the  "Suggestions  for  the  Instructor"  give  Dr.  Brad- 
ley's  own  views  on  various  disputed  points  in  venational  hom- 
ologies and,  consequently,  nomenclature.  Of  the  67  loose 
plates  (8x4^4  inches)  accompanying  the  larger  guide,  1  is  a 
simplified  neopterygote  wing,  17  are  Dipterous,  1  is  Trichop- 
terous,  7  Lepidopterous,  1  Mecopterous.  1  Plecopterous,  7 
Neuropterous,  2  Corrodentine,  24  Hymenopterous,  1  of  Palaeo- 
dictyoptera  and  Protephemeroidea,  2  Ephemerida,  3  Proto- 
donata  and  Odonata.  In  a  circular  the  publishers  state  that 
"Coleoptera,  Orthoptera  and  Hemiptera  are  omitted,  owing  to 
the  difficulties  of  their  study  and  to  the  little  practical  use  made 
of  the  venation  in  those  orders."  Nothing  is  said  as  to  the 
possibility  of  purchasing  this  set  of  plates  separately  from  the 
guide;  we  think  this  might  often  be  desirable.  This  series  of 
texts  and  figures  seems  to  be  well  designed  for  the  purposes 
for  which  it  has  been  drawn  up  and  we  wish  author  and  pub- 
lishers all  success. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


240  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Oct.,    '31 

OBITUARY. 

Father  ERICH  WASMANN,  S.  J.,  widely  known  for  his  writ- 
ings on  instinct  and  intelligence,  psychology  of  ants  and  the 
relations  of  these  insects  to  other  animals,  died  on  February  27, 
1931,  at  St.  Ignatius  College,  Valkenburg,  in  Southern  Hol- 
land. He  was  born  at  Meran  (Merano)  in  the  southern  Tyrol, 
May  29,  1859.  An  interesting  account  of  his  life,  accompanied 
by  a  portrait  of  his  later  years,  is  given  by  Franz  Heikertinger 
(Koleopterologische  Rundschau,  xvii,  89-96,  July  31,  1931), 
from  which  we  take  these  notes.  After  study  in  Benedictine 
and  Franciscan  schools,  he  entered  the  Jesuit  order,  September 
28,  1875,  at  Exaten,  near  Roermond,  Holland.  It  was  at  this 
time  that  the  first  symptoms  of  an  affection  of  the  lungs  ap- 
peared, a  disease  which  followed  him  throughout  life  and 
which,  by  his  physician's  prescription,  that  he  spend  much  time 
out  of  doors,  eventually  led  to  his  intensive  study  of  ants. 
From  1890  to  1892  he  studied  zoology  at  the  University  of 
Prague  under  Hatschek  and  Cori.  In  1893,  again  at  Exaten, 
he  became  a  co-editor  of  a  journal  of  his  order,  Stimmen  aus 
Maria-Laach  (later  Stiinineii  dcr  Zcit),  a  position  which  gave 
him  much  time  for  scientific  work.  His  publications  include 
about  280  contributions  to  knowledge  of  myrmecophiles  and 
termitophiles,  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  which  is  his  Krit- 
isches  Verzeichniss  dcr  myrmeko'philen  und  tcnnitophilcn  Ar- 
thropodcn  (Berlin,  1894).  Among  his  more  general  works  are 
Instinkt  und  Intelligent  im  Tierreich  (1897),  Vcrgleichcndc 
Studicn  ilbcr  das  Scelenlcbcn  dcr  Amcisen  und  hohcrcn  Tierc 
(1897),  English  translation,  St.  Louis,  1905,  Die  psychischcn 
Fdhigkcitcn  dcr  Amciscn  (1899,  2nd  edit.  1909),  Das  Gcscll- 
schaftslcbcn  dcr  Amciscn  (1915),  Die  nwdcrnc  Biologic  und 
die  Entzvicklungsthcoric  (English  transl.,  London,  1910),  The 
Berlin  Discussion  of  the  Problem  of  Evolution  (London,  1909). 

A  Festschrift  in  honor  of  his  70th  birthday  was  published  as 
Volume  82  of  the  Zoologischcr  Anzcigcr,  1929.  It  is  accom- 
panied by  four  portraits  of  Wasmann  at  different  ages. 


Subscriptions  for  1932  now  Payable. 

NOVEMBER.  1931 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLII 


No.  9 


i^OfVAL  MUSfc^ 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 


CONTENTS 

Ritcher — An  Undescribed  Species  of  Simuliid  Larva  and  the  Corres- 
ponding Pupa  (Diptera:  Simuliidae) 241 

Bibliographia  Odonatologica ...        246 

Richards — Noctuidae  of  Northern  Georgia  and  Tennessee  (Lepid.)..  .  247 
Klots— The  Generic  Synonymy  of  the  North  American  Pieridae  (Lepid.)  253 
Roberts — An  Improvised  Spreading  Board  for  Small  Moths.  .  .  256 

Krauth — Parnassius  in  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota  (Lepidoptera: 

Papilionidae) ... 

Gunder— Bookseller's  Separates.  ... 

Entomological  Literature  258 

Review — Staig's  Fabrician  Types  of  Insects  in  the  Hunterian  Collection 

at  Glasgow  University  (Coleoptera) 263 

Doings  of  Societies — Rocky  Mountain  Conference  of  Entomologists  .  .  267 
Obituary — Henry  Lorenz  Viereck 268 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 
Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1 
Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January  15,  1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate   Editors. 

Advisory  Committee :  Philip  Laurent,  J,  A.  G  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .  ....          3.15 

Foreign  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:     Full  width  of  page.     Payments  in  advance 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues         "       11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of   the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tirn,  without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted ;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 

Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  arr 
solicited :  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half -tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies.  25  cents;  greater  numbers 
if  copies  will  he  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XLII. 


Plate  VI. 


SIMULIID   LARVA  (FIGS.  1-3,  5,  6>  AND   PUPA  (FIG.  4L-RITCHER. 


JNTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLII.  NOVEMBER,    1931  No.  9 

An  Undescribed  Species  of  Simuliid  Larva  and  the 
Corresponding  Pupa  (Diptera:  Simuliidae).* 

By  PAUL  OSBORX  RITCHER. 
(Plate  VI). 

In  the  fall  of  192<>  the  author  undertook  the  study  of  the 
Simuliidae  as  a  special  problem.  To  aid  in  this  project.  Dr. 
C.  L.  Metcalf,  head  of  the  Department  of  Entomology,  of  the 
University  of  Illinois,  kindly  placed  at  my  disposal  some  1000 
or  1100  vials  of  black  flies,  principally  larvae  and  pupae,  which 
he  had  collected  the  previous  summer  in  a  survey  of  the  resort 
region  in  the  Adirondack  mountains  of  Xe\v  York  State. 

The  fall  of  1929  was  spent  in  identifying  as  many  of  the 
larvae  and  pupae  as  possible.  In  most  cases  it  was  possible  to 
make  fairly  accurate  determinations.  The  characters  furnished 
by  the  rectal  gills,  labia,  histoblasts  of  the  respiratory  filaments, 
and  head  markings  were  used  in  all  of  the  determinations. 

The  majority  of  the  specimens  were  common,  known  species, 
as  was  to  be  expected.  A  few  kinds  of  larvae  and  pupae  were 
present  which,  so  far  as  I  am  able  to  find,  have  not  been 
described.  It  is  probable  that  they  may  either  be  larval  and 
pupal  stages  of  species  of  which  only  the  adults  have  been 
described  and  named  or  that  they  may  represent  new  species. 
Descriptions  of  at  least  one  of  these  will  be  published  in  the 
near  future.  Sufficient  material  is  lacking  of  the  others. 

In  the  routine  work  of  obtaining  a  general  understanding  of 
the  Simuliidae  and  their  taxonomy,  collections  were  made  of 
local  material.  For  the  most  part,  Siiiiitliitin  rittaliun  made  up 
the  bulk  of  the  collections.  However,  on  March  22,  1930,  Mr. 
Fred  Dodd  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Evans,  assistants  in  the  University 
of  Illinois  Department  of  Entomology,  brought  in  a  number  of 
Simuliid  larvae  as  the  result  of  an  aquatic  collecting  trip  in 
Brownfield's  woods,  a  piece  of  virgin  timber  lying  three  miles 

1  Contribution  from  the  Entomological  Laboratories  of  the  University 
of  Illinois,  No.  154. 


241 


NOV     3      I 


242  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

northeast  of  the  town  of  Urbana,  Illinois.  They  attempted  to 
keep  the  black  fly  larvae  alive  in  a  shallow  glass  dish  of  water 
through  which  air  was  bubbled.  Most  of  them  had  died  the 
following  day.  A  few  larvae  remained  alive  until  March  24. 

Upon  examination,  the  larvae  proved  to  be  different  from 
any  described  species.  The  labium  had  a  peculiar  kind  of  tri- 
lobed  teeth  and  each  histoblast  contained  12  respiratory  fila- 
ments. 

On  April  6,  I  collected  a  few  full  grown  larvae  and  one  pupa 
of  what  I  shall  call  Undcscribcd  Species  No.  2.  They  were 
found  clinging  to  the  leaves  among  logs  which  caused  a  number 
of  miniature  falls  in  the  stream.  I  also  put  out  a  trap  similar 
to  that  described  by  W.  T.  Emery.  Inside  the  box  I  placed  a 
number  of  leaves  with  larvae  on  them. 

When  I  revisited  the  spot  April  12,  I  found  that  the  trap 
had  been  molested  and  taken  out  of  the  stream.  I  collected  a 
number  of  larvae  and  one  pupa  in  the  same  series  of  miniature 
falls  in  which  the  previous  collection  was  made. 

On  May  11  I  collected  a  number  of  full  grown  larvae  and 
a  number  of  very  small  larvae  from  the  same  stream  in  Brown- 
field's  woods.  Some  of  the  full  grown  larvae  were  Simulium 
vittatum, 

In  order  to  secure  adults  of  Undcscribcd  Species  No.  2,  I 
put  out  a  new  trap  made  of  crossed  wires,  covered  with  a 
number  of  layers  of  cheesecloth.  Inside  I  placed  about  25  large 
larvae.  To  get  a  swift  current,  I  made  a  narrow  place  in  the 
stream  with  an  old  log.  This  same  day  I  found  a  number  of 
larvae  and  empty  pupal  cases  on  the  under  side  of  an  old  piece 
of  tin.  One  pupal  case  which  I  examined  contained  a  pupal 
skin  with  12  respiratory  filaments  on  each  side  so  it  was  of 
Und escribed  Species  No.  2. 

On  June  1  I  returned  to  the  trap.  It  had  not  been  disturbed 
but  most  of  the  small  stream  had  dried  up.  There  was  no  cur- 
rent of  course  and  no  larvae,  pupae,  or  adults  were  to  be  found 
in  the  trap  or  any  place  else. 

HABITAT  SUMMARY — Larvae  and  pupae  of  Undcscribcd 
Species  No.  2  were  taken  from  several  spots  in  a  small  wood- 
land stream  about  three  miles  northeast  of  Urbana,  Illinois. 
They  were  found  on  leaves  and  debris  in  the  current  where  logs 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  243 

and  brush  made  small  falls  and  eddies.  The  altitude  was  ap- 
proximately 720  feet.  The  width  of  the  stream  was  about  one 
yard.  The  bottom  is  of  mud  and  the  stream  is  partially  choked 
with  leaves  and  brush.  It  empties  into  the  Salt  Fork. 

LARVA. 

The  larva  of  Uiidcscnbed  Species  No.  2  measures  from  6 
to  8  mm.  in  length.  The  general  body  color  is  grayish  white. 
The  head  is  not  strongly  pigmented  but  the  pattern  is  similar 
to  that  of  Sinnilimn  rittatnni. 

The  antennae  (plate  VI,  fig.  6)  are  light  yellow  in  color  and 
are  five  segmented.  The  first  segment  is  short.  The  second 
segment  is  approximately  1  }/2  times  the  length  of  the  first.  The 
third  segment  is  \l/2  times  as  large  as  the  second  and  bears  two 
conical  processes  at  its  apical  end.  The  diameter  of  the  first 
three  segments  diminishes  slightly  from  the  first  to  the  third. 
The  fourth  antennal  segment  is  slender  and  long.  It  is  approxi- 
mately as  long  as  the  first  three  segments  combined.  At  the 
apical  end  of  the  fourth  segment  is  found  the  fifth  segment 
which  is  a  small,  pointed,  conical,  process. 

The  labial  plate  of  Undescribed  Species  No.  2  (plate  VI, 
fig.  5)  is  about  the  same  width  as  that  of  Siinuliinn  I'ittatuui 
but  it  is  shorter.  The  cephalic  teeth,  as  a  group,  stand  out  from 
the  margin  of  the  mentum.  The  outer  margins  of  the  group 
of  teeth  are  not  parallel. 

The  entire  cephalic  margin  at  each  side  of  the  group  of  teeth 
is  fairly  smooth  as  compared  to  the  serrate  condition  found  in 
the  mentum  of  Siinuliinn  I'ittatitiu.  On  either  side  of  the  labial 
plate  is  found  a  row  of  three  bristles.  The  cephalic  bristle  is 
large  and  prominent.  The  two  succeeding  are  smaller.  The 
third  bristle  is  much  smaller  than  the  other  two. 

The  three  large  teeth  in  the  mentum  are  prominent  and  trifid. 
One  small  simple  tooth  is  found  between  each  of  the  large 
lateral  trifid  teeth  and  the  middle  trifid  tooth.  Two  smaller 
single  teeth  are  found  on  the  outer  margin  of  each  lateral  trifid 
tooth.  The  central  trifid  tooth  is  quite  dissimilar  in  shape  and 
appearance  from  the  two  lateral  teeth.  It  is  shorter  and  less 
prominent  than  the  lateral  teeth. 

The  mandibles  (plate  VI,  fig.  1)  are  chitinous  and  elongate. 
The  lateral  margins  are  convex.  Each  mandible  has  four  large 
black  apical  teeth.  Close  to  the  large  dorsal  tooth  is  a  row  of 
approximately  13  small  teeth  which  extends  basad.  The  first 
or  apical  tooth  in  this  row  is  longer  than  the  second  but  both 
first  and  second  are  much  smaller  than  the  third.  The  rest  of 
the  teeth  are  small.  A  second  row,  of  teeth  is  found  dorsad 
and  basad  of  the  first  row.  It  contains  approximately  17  to  19 


244  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

teeth.     The  teeth  in  this  row  are  more  scattered  than  those  of 
the  first  row. 

Arising  from  the  outer  apical  margin  is  a  fringe  of  brown 
hairs,  which  partially  covers  the  mandibles.  Among  these  hairs 
is  a  row  of  10  to  11  large,  stout  bristles,  extending  laterad 
from  the  base  of  the  black  apical  teeth.  Two  large  bristles 
arise  near  the  apex  of  the  mandible,  on  the  ventral  surface,  a 
short  distance  from  the  outer  lateral  margin.  A  series  of  evenly 
spaced  hairs,  arranged  in  comblike  fashion,  extends  along  the 
distal  third  of  the  mesal  portion  of  the  mandible,  on  the  dorsal 
surface.  Two  clumps  of  hairs  are  also  found  on  the  basal  half 
of  the  inner  surface  of  the  mandible.  The  proximal  of  these 
clumps  of  hairs  contains  a  number  of  large  hairs  which  branch 
at  the  apex  similar  to  those  of  Siumliuni  simile  Mall.,  (Cam- 
eron, 1912). 

The  brown  maxillae  (plate  VI,  fig.  2)  are  similar  to  those 
of  Simiilium  vittatitm.  The  basal  portion  of  the  maxillary 
palpus  is  brown  and  bears  a  few  sparse  hairs.  The  distal  end 
is  transparent  and  bears  a  few  small  toothlike  processes.  The 
lacinia  is  densely  covered  with  hairs  and  bears  a  single  spurlike 
appendage  distad. 

Each  of  the  fans  of  the  head  bears  approximately  38  rays. 

The  three  rectal  gills  are  simple  in  structure  and  unbranched 
(plate  VI,  fig.  3). 

The  caudal  disc  bears  approximately  64  rows  of  small  brown 
hooks. 

Twelve-branched  respiratory  filaments  are  found  in  the  dis- 
sected histoblasts. 

PUPA. 

The  large-sized,  robust  pupa  of  Undescribcd  Species  No.  2 
is  golden  brown  in  color.  It  measures  5  to  6  mm.  in  length. 

There  are  12  respiratory  filaments  in  this  species  (plate  VI, 
fig.  4).  Five  of  the  filaments  are  much  longer  than  the  other 
seven.  The  method  of  branching  involves  two  unpaired  fila- 
ments. 

The  respiratory  filaments  are  each  composed  of  a  single  main 
trunk  which  divides  close  from  the  base  into  two  main  branches. 
The  first  main  branch  branches  to  form  two  secondary  branches. 
Of  these,  one  secondary  branch  branches  dichotomously  to  form 
two  filaments.  The  other  secondary  branch,  not  far  from  its 
base,  gives  rise  to  a  single,  unpaired  filament.  Distad  from 
this  point  the  other  secondary  branch  branches  dichotomously 
to  form  two  filaments.  Five  filaments  in  all  are  formed  from 
this  first  main  branch. 

The  second  main  branch  forks  in  about  the  same  relative 
position  as  the  first  to  form  two  branches.  One  of  these  gives 
rise  to  a  single  unpaired  filament  and  then  later  divides  di- 
chotomously to  form  two  additional  filaments.  The  other 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  245 

branch  of  the  second  main  branch,  distad  of  the  parts  just 
described,  soon  divides  dichotomously  to  form  two  tertiary 
branches  each  of  which  in  turn  divides  to  form  2  filaments. 
Thus  7  filaments  are  eventually  formed  from  the  second  main 

* 

branch.  This  number,  plus  the  5  filaments  formed  from  the 
first  main  branch,  makes  a  total  of  12  respiratory  filaments  for 
each  respiratory  tree  of  Und escribed  Species  No.  2. 

The  pupa  case  is  made  up  of  a  mass  of  loosely  woven  threads. 
It  is  open  at  one  end  for  the  protrusion  of  the  respiratory  fila- 
ments. 

SUMMARY. 

One  species  of  larva  and  its  corresponding  pupa  is  described 
for  the  first  time. 

Un-dcscnbcd  Species  No.  2  is  found  in  a  small  stream  flow- 
ing through  Brownfield's  woods,  three  miles  northeast  of 
Urbana,  Illinois.  There  are  twelve  respiratory  filaments  in 
each  respiratory  trunk  of  the  pupa. 

From  the  characters  found  in  this  species,  it  is  probable  that 
it  belongs  to  the  genus  Prosiinulinui.  It  will  be  necessary  to 
rear  adults  before  any  attempt  can  be  made  to  assign  a  specific 
or  generic  name  to  it.  The  drying  up  of  the  stream  has  made 
this  impossible  for  the  present. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

BISHOPP,  F.  C.     1912.     Some  important  insect  enemies  of  live 

stock  in  the  United  States.    U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agric.,  Yearbook 

of  1912:  383-386. 
CAMERON,  A.   E.      1912.     The  morphology  and  biology  of   a 

Canadian  cattle-infesting  Black   Fly,   Simulium   simile   Mall. 

(Diptera,    Simuliidae)    Dom.    of    Canada,    Dept.    of    Agric., 

Bull.  No.  5,  New  Series. 
COMSTOCK,  J.  H.     1925.     Introduction  to  Entomology.     1044 

pp.,  1228  figs.    Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
EMERY,  W.  T.     1913.     Morphology  and  biology  of  Simulium 

vittatum  and  its  distribution  is  Kansas.   Kan.  Univ.  Sci.  Bull., 

8:321-362. 
CARMAN,  H.    1912.   A  Preliminary  study  of  Kentucky  localities 

in  which  pellagra  is  prevalent.     Kv.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.  Bull. 

159. 
HUNGERFORD,  H.  S.     1913.     Anatomy  of  Simulium  vittatum. 

Kansas  Univ.  Sci.  Bull.  8,  No.  10:  365-382. 
HUNTER,  S.  T.     1914.     University  experiments  with  Sandllies 
'  and  pellagra.     Kan.  Univ.  Sci.  Bull.,  8:  311-320. 
JOHANNSEN,   O.  A.      1903.     Aquatic    Nematocerous    Diptera. 

New  York  State  Mus.  Hull..  68:  328-441. 
MALLOCII,   J.    R.      1914.      American    Hlack    Flies   or    Buffalo 


246  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

Gnats.    U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.,  Bureau  of  Ent.,  Technical  Series, 

No.  26. 
METCALF,  C.  L.,  and  SANDERSON,  W.  E.     1931.     Black  Flies, 

Mosquitos  and  Punkies  of  the  Adirondacks,  New  York  State 

Museum,  Circular  5. 
NEEDHAM,  J.  O.     1901.     Aquatic  insects  of  the  Adirondacks. 

New  York  State  Mus.  Bull.,  47:  407-408. 
O'KANE,  W.  C.     1926.     Black  Flies  in  New  Hampshire.     New 

Hampshire  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.,  Technical  Bull.  32. 
POMEROY,  A.  W.    P.    1916.     Notes   on   five   North   American 

Buffalo  Gnats  of  the  genus  Simulium.     U.  S.  Dept.  Agric. 

Bull.  329. 

RILEY,  C.  V.     1886.     Buffalo  Gnats.     U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.,  Re- 
port for  1885:  492-517. 
Wu,  Yi  F.     1930.     A  contribution  to  the  biology  of  Simulium 

(Diptera).     Papers  of   the  Michigan  Academy  of   Science, 

Arts,  and  Letters.     13:  543-599. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  VI. 

Siuiuli  inn  Undescribed  Species  No.  2.  1.  Right  mandible  of 
larva,  ventral  view.  2.  Right  maxilla  of  larva,  ventral  view. 
3.  Rectal  gills  and  caudal  disc  of  larva.  4.  Respiratory  fila- 
ments of  pupa.  5.  Labium  of  larva,  ventral  view.  6.  Antenna 
of  larva.  (Original.) 

Bibliographia  Odonatologica. 

Fritz  Wagner,  Vienna  XVIII,  Haizingergasse  4,  has  an- 
nounced the  intention  to  publish  a  "Bibliographia  Odonato- 
logica", a  list  of  titles  of  papers  upon  dragonflies  of  the  world, 
with  a  subject  index  compiled  by  Dr.  Erich  Schmidt,  Berlin. 
The  latter  began  this  work  eighteen  years  ago  and  has  en- 
deavored to  make  his  list  as  complete  as  possible.  He  had  the 
assistance  of  the  late  Dr.  Ris,  of  Rheinau,  Dr.  Zerny,  of  Vienna, 
and  of  several  other  authors.  As  far  as  possible,  he  has  com- 
pared each  reference  with  the  original  paper  itself  to  insure  the 
highest  accuracy. 

The  work  will  consist  of  a  list  of  the  papers  arranged  under 
authors  alphabetically  and  chronologically  under  each  author. 
This  list  will  be  followed  by  a  subject  index  nearly  after  the 
prototype  of  Hagen  in  his  famous  "Bibliotheca  Entomologica". 
It  is  intended  to  give  short  biographical  notices  for  most 
authors.  Photographs  of  some  of  them  will  be  reproduced. 
The  price  will  be  30  cents  for  each  16  pages  in  8vo.  The  work 
will  be  printed  only  if  a  sufficient  number  of  subscribers  be 
secured.  It  will  appear  as  a  serial  in  3-4  numbers,  a  total  of 
about  250-400  pages  in  8vo. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  247 

Noctuidae  of  Northern  Georgia  and  Tennessee 

(Lepidoptera). 

By  A.  GLENN  RICHARDS,  JR. 

Entomology  Dept.,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

Since  so  little  work  on  moths  has  been  done  in  this  region 
it  seems  worth  while  to  publish  the  following  list  of  species 
largely  collected  by  myself  in  northern  Georgia  and  Tennessee. 
The  most  notable  features  are  the  total,  or  almost  total,  absence 
of  many  of  the  common  northern  pests  belonging  to  this  group, 
and  the  more  or  less  expected  inroads  of  southern  forms. 

A  paper  on  the  butterflies  of  this  region  is  now  in  press 
(Bull.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.),  but  unfortunately  it  is  impossible 
to  treat  the  moths  in  a  similar  manner  at  the  present.  And  so 
I  have  given  here  only  a  brief  account  of  my  favorite  group, 
the  Noctuidae,  plus  about  a  dozen  other  scattered  records  of 
more  than  usual  interest.  The  Geometers,  Pyralids,  and  Micros 
have  been  placed  in  the  Cornell  collection,  and  these  records 
will  not  be  published  now,  but  anyone  especially  interested  in 
data  on  these  groups  may  obtain  them  from  the  author. 

The  two  localities  where  most  of  the  collecting  was  done  are 
Athens,  Georgia  and  Monteagle,  Tennessee.  The  former  is  in 
the  center  of  the  Piedmont  area  of  the  northeastern  part  of 
the  state  at  an  elevation  of  800  ft. ;  the  latter  is  about  half 
way  between  Chattanooga  and  Nashville  on  the  Cumberland 
Plateau  at  an  elevation  of  2000  ft.  For  detailed  descriptions 
of  both  of  these  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  paper  on  butterfly 
distribution. 

To  save  space  thruout  the  body  of  the  article,  no  locality 
is  mentioned  when  the  records  are  from  Athens  (where  the 
collecting  has  been  carried  on  longer).  When  records  are  from 
both  Athens  and  Monteagle,  the  former  are  placed  first  fol- 
lowed by  a  semicolon,  and  then  the  Monteagle  records  follow 
after  "Monteagle". 

A  f  preceding  a  name  indicates  that  the  dates  noted  represent 
all  the  specimens  taken.  As  a  glance  at  the  first  one  will  show, 
this  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  only  a  single  specimen  was 
taken,  although  this  is  usually  the  case.  A  *  preceding  a  name 


248  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

indicates  that  these  records  are  thought  to  extend  more  or  less 
the  known  distribution  of  the  species.  However,,  the  region 
has  been  so  little  written  about  that  in  some  instances  this  may 
very  well  not  be  so,  but  in  the  absence  of  state  lists,  etc.,  per- 
haps the  author  may  be  pardoned  if  he  has  erred  in  some  cases. 

The  determinations  have  been  made  by  comparison  with  the 
Cornell  Collection  supplemented  by  the  literature.  The  author 
is  greatly  indebted  to  Dr.  W.  T.  M.  Forbes  for  help  throughout, 
especially  on  the  doubtful  species. 

All  the  doubtfully  determined  specimens  have  been  placed  in 
the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  as  also  have  all  possible  new  species 
and  certain  others.  The  author's  thanks  are  due  to  Mr.  Carl 
Heinrich  also  for  checking  the  specimens  sent  to  the  U.  S.  N.  M. 
&  Barnes  Collections,  and  sending  notes  thereon. 

NOCTUIDAE. 
SUBFAMILY  AGROTINAE. 

fHELioxHis   PARADOXA    Grt.       $    Aug.    "27    2     5-X-28;     $ 

Monteagle  25-VI-30. 

H.  OBSOLETA  Fabr.    Everywhere  June-late  Sept. 
H.  VIRESCENS  Fabr.    April-July. 
*fRHODOPHORA  FLORIDA  Gn.     Monteagle  12-VII-30. 

LYGRANTHOECIA   THOREAUI   G.    &    R.   9-IX-27 ;    Monteagle 

20-VIII-30. 

L.  MARGINATA  Haw.  Aug.  Sept.,  common. 
SCHINIA  TRIFASCIA  Hbn.  18-VI 11-29  (2)  ;  Catoosa  Co.,  Ga. 

common  in  Aug.  '28;  Monteagle  Aug. -Sept. 
S.   NUNDINA  Dm.      10-VIII-29,   only  specimen;   Monteagle 

not  uncommon  in  Aug. 

S.  LYNX  Gn.     July-Sept. ;  Monteagle  in  June. 
S.  SORDIDA  Sm.     Common  Aug. -Sept. ;  quite  variable. 
S.  ARCIGERA  Gn.     Aug. -Oct. ;  Monteagle  Aug.  &  Sept. 
fEuxoA  VELLERIPENNIS  Grt.     Monteagle  26-X-30. 

E.  MESSORIA  Harris.     7-X-26;  Monteagle  in  Sept. 

*fE.  REDIMICULA  Morr.  ?  (det. :  W.  T.  M.  F.).      9    Monteagle 

12-VIII-30   (now  in  U.  S.  N.  M.). 
fFELTiA  GLADIARIA  Morr.     Monteagle  26-X-30. 

F.  DUCENS  Wlk.    6-X-26. 

F.  SUBGOTHICA  Haw.     Sept. -Oct.,  not  common. 
F.  HERILIS  Grt.     Common  Sept. -Oct. 

F.  ANNEXA  Treit.    Common  April-Sept.;  Monteagle  common 
June-Sept. 


xlH,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  249 

fF.    MALEFIDA   Gil.      29-IX-27. 

f  AGROTIS  BADINODIS  Grt.     5-XI-29. 

A.  YPSILON  Rott.     Athens  &  Monteagle  common. 

A.  C-NIGRUM  L.    26-1 V-29,  only  record ;  Monteagle  common. 

A.  PLECTA  L.     April-Sept. 

EPIPSILIA  FUNGORUM  G.  &  R.     Uncommon  in  Oct. 

LYCOPHOTIA  MARGARITOSA  Haw.  &  forms.     Common. 

L.  INFECTA  Ochs.  (=INCIVIS  Gn.).     Aug.-Sept. ;  Monteagle 

same. 
fL.  LUBRICANS  Gn.     Monteagle  20-1 V-30  &  l-IX-29  (2). 

SUBFAMILY  HADENINAE. 

POLIA  LEGITIMA  Grt.  Sept. ;  Monteagle  Aug. 
*POLIA  near  LEGITIMA  Grt.  $  Monteagle  31-VIII-29.  It  is 
larger  and  darker  and  more  uniformly  colored  than  typical 
LEGITIMA,  with  little  or  no  difference  in  the  $  genitalia. 
Mr.  Heinrich  thinks  it  is  a  new  species,  but  Dr.  Forbes 
and  I  are  of  the  opinion  that  it  is  only  an  extreme  variant 
of  Icgitima  (now  in  U.  S.  N.  M.). 

P.  RENIGERA  Steph.     May-June. 

P.  LAUDABILIS  Gn.     Sept.-Oct.  very  common ;  a  semimelanic 

specimen   1  l-IX-29. 

*fTRiCHOCLEA  RUISA  Forbes  (det.  W.  T.  M.  F.)  Greenville, 
S.  C.  13-IX-30  (H.  K.  Townes  Jr.).  This  $  is  the  only 
specimen  other  than  the  type  known,  and  was  taken  only 
about  30  miles  from  the  type  locality  (Tryon,  N.  C. 
10-VIII-04)  (now  in  Cornell  Coll.). 

CHABUATA  SIGNATA  Wlk.     Monteagle  Aug.-Sept. 
*fHYSsiA  MODESTA  Morr.      9    18-IV-27. 

ERIOPYGA  CRENUATA  Butl.     April-Aug.,  rather  common. 

*fNEPHELODES    EMMEDONIA    Cram.      (     =     MINIANS    Gn.).       9 

5-V-29. 

fMoRRisoNiA  CONFUSA  Hbn.     Large   9    3-IV-29. 
CIRPHIS  PSEUDARGYRIA  Gn.     12-VIII-28;  Monteagle  May  & 

Aug. 

C.  MULTILINEA  Wlk.    23-VI-29,  4-VIII-28. 
fC.  PHRAGMATIDICOLA  Gn.     Monteagle  6-VI-30. 
C.  UNIPUNCTA  Haw.     Universally  common. 

*fNELEUCANIA     RUBRIPENNIS     G.     &     R.        Monteagle     l-IX-30, 

2-IX-29. 

N.    ALBILINEA    DIFFUSA    Wlk.       30- VI  1  1-28. 

SUBFAMILY  CUCULLIINAE. 

CUCULLIA  ASTEROIDES  Gn.    7-IV-29,  July  rare. 
*fC.  CONVEXIPENNIS  G.  &  R.     Monteagle' 3-IX-30. 


250  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

fHoMOHADENA    INFIXA    Wlk.      Queer    specimen    Monteagle 

25-VI-30. 
*PARASTICHTIS  BICOLORAGO  Gn.     23-X-26. 

P.    B.    VAR.    FERRUGINEOIDES    Gil.       18-X-28. 
fAxETHMIA    PA  M  PIN  A    Gil.        $     20-X-2S. 

SUBFAMILY  ACRONYCTINAE. 

*AMPHIPYRA  PYRAMIDOIDES  Gn.    9-VIII-28;  Monteagle  July. 
fMAGUSA  ORBIFERA  Wlk.     Monteagle  27-VII-30. 

*fDlPTERYGIA    SCABRIUSCULA    L.       28-VIII-26. 

fSEPTis  NIGRIOR  Sm.     Clarke  Co.,  no  date. 
TRACHEA  MISELIOIDES  Gn.    Athens  &  Monteagle  April,  July 

&  Sept.,  rather  common. 

PERIGEA  APAMEOIDES  Gn.     Common  Aug. -Oct. 
P.  XANTHIOIDES  Gn.     25-VIII-26. 
P.    CUPENTIA    Cram.      Aug. -Oct.,    not    common ;    Monteagle 

26-X-30. 

P.  VECORS  Gn.     April-May. 
P.  SUTOR  Gn.     May-Oct. ;  Monteagle  4-IX-29. 
*fOLiGiA  MISERA  CRT.?  (W.  T.  M.  F.).     $    Monteagle  6-VII- 
30.     Mr.  Heinrich  says  this  specimen  is  "a  darker  form 
of  zntlgivaga  Morr."  (now  in  U.  S.  N.  M.). 
*fO.  DIVERSICOLOR  Morr.     22-IX-28. 

*fO.  SEMICANA  Wlk.   (=  hausta  Grt.)    (det.:  W.  T.  M.  F.) 
Monteagle  14-VI-30  (now  in  U.  S:  N.  M.). 

O.    FRACTILINEA    f.    VULGIVAGA    MoiT.       Monteagle    1-2-IX-29. 

*fOLiciA  n.  sp.  ?    $    l-VI-29.    Nothing  like  this  in  the  Cornell, 
U.  S.  N.  M.  nor  Barnes  collections  (now  in  U.  S.  N.  M.). 
upERiNA  PASSER  Gn.     Monteagle  2S-VIII-30. 

fCHYTONIX    PALLIATRICULA    IASPIS   Gil.       12-VIII-28. 
•J-HARRISIMEMNA   TRISIGNATA   W'lk.      Monteagle  20-VIII-30. 

POLYGRAMMATE  HEBRAEicuM  Hhn.  July-Aug.,  rare;  Mon- 
teagle June-July,  not  uncommon. 

LEUCONYCTA  DIPHTEROIDES  f.  OBLITERATA  Grt.  Monteagle 
uncommon  in  July. 

AGRIOPODES  TERATOPHORA  H.  S.  Monteagle  June-Sept.,  un- 
common. 

ACRONYCTA  CONNECTA  Grt.     July-Sept. 

A.  HAESITATA  Grt.     5-1 V-29 ;  Monteagle  13-VII-30. 

A.  PRLINI  Harr.     9-VII-26. 

A.  INCRETA  Morr.  Athens  &  Monteagle  rather  common 
April-Sept. 

A.    RETARDATA    Wlk.       9- VI 11-29. 

A.  LAETIFICA  Sm.     4- VI 1 1-28  (now  in  U.  S.  N.  M.). 
fA.  HASTA  Gn.   ?.      $    24-VII-28.     Called  "furcifera  Gn."  by 

Mr.  Heinrich   (now  in  U.  S.  N.  M.). 
fA.  BETULAE  Riley.     23- VI 1-28. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  251 

A.  AMERICANA  Harris.     l-YIII-29. 
fA.  LONGA  Gn.     15-V-29. 
fA.  LITHOSPILA  Grt.     31-V-29. 
fA.  OBLINITA  A.  &  S.     Monteagle  29-VI-30. 

DELTA  RAMOSULA  Gn.     Monteagle  4-IX-29  (several). 

CATABENA  LINEOLATA  Wlk.     Monteagle  June  &  Aug. 

PRODENIA  DOLICHOS  Fabr.    (  :  -  COMMELINAE  A.  &  S.)  Aug. 
Oct.,  uncommon. 

P.    ORNITHOGALLI    Gn.      Common    Aug.-Sept.;    Monteagle 
June-Sept. 

P.  ERIDANIA  Cram.     June-Oct.,  rare. 

LAPHYGMA  FRUGIPERDA  A.  £  S.  Athens  &  Monteagle  Aug.- 
Oct.,  common. 

CARADRINA  TARDA  Gn.  Monteagle  April,  July-Sept.,  com- 
mon. 

GALGULA  PARTITA  Gn.  Common  May-Oct. ;  Monteagle  June- 
Sept. 

CRAMBODES  TALIDIFORMIS  Gn.  Monteagle  June-Sept.,  not 
common. 

PLATYSENTA  VIDENS  Gn.    June-Sept. 

BALSA  MALANA  Fitch.     April-Sept.;  Monteagle  April-June. 
*MONODES  NUCTCOLORA  Gn.     Sept. -Oct.,  not  common. 

M.  VERSICOLOR  Grt.     April-Aug.,  not  common. 

M.  CHALCEDONIA  Hbn.     July-Aug.,   rather  common. 

M.  FESTIVOIDES  Gn.  Aug.-Sept.,  not  uncommon ;  Monteagle 
common  April-Sept. 

M.  GRATA  Hbn.  July-Sept.,  common;  Monteagle  June-Aug., 
not  uncommon. 

APAMEA  NICTITANS  AMERICANA  Speyer.  Monteagle  16-VI- 
30;  on  Andrew's  Bald  in  the  Smoky  Mts.  at  5/50  ft.,  com- 
mon in  late  Aug. 

ACHATODES  ZEAE  Harris.     31-V-29;  Monteagle  common  in 

June. 
*fPYRRHiA  UMBRA  Hufn.    27-V-29 ;  Monteagle  24-VIII-30. 

PAPAIPEMA  NEBRIS  Gn.     Uncommon  in  Sept. 

P.  N.  f.  NITELA  Gn.     Sept.;  Monteagle  in  Aug. 

OGDOCONTA  CINEREOLA  Gn.  Common  June  &  July;  Mon- 
teagle 4- VI -30. 

*EMARGINEA  PERCARA  Morr.    8-IX-29;  Monteagle  uncommon 
mid-Aug.-Sept. 

COSMIA  ORINA  Gn.  Athens,  one  no  date;  Monteagle  very 
common  in  June  and  early  July. 

ES  PEPITA  Gn.     2-IX-27 ;   Monteagle  4-IX-29. 

OBTUSA  H.  S.     30-VI-28  and  one  other  no  date; 
Monteagle  ll-VI-30. 

fEuTHiSANOTiA  GRATA  Fabr.     31-VII-28. 

fE.  UNIO  Hbn.     Monteagle  ll-VI-30. 


252  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

SUBFAMILY  ERASTRIINAE. 

fCvDosiA  MAJUSCULA  Hy.  Edw.     Monteagle  20-VII-30. 
*fEuBLEMMA  OBLIQUALIS  Fabr.     10-IX-29. 
*E.   MINIMA  Gn.     Greenville,   S.   C.,  a  number  breed   from 
GnaphaMum  by  Air.  H.  K.  Townes,  Jr.,  emerging  in  Sept. 
fORUZA    ALBOCOSTALIATA    Pack.    (In    B.    &    McD.    list    as   a 
"Pleonectyptera"}  9  &  ll-VIII-29. 

*fQ)BUBATHA  QUADRIFERA   Zcll.       Montcagle  21-VI-30. 

AMYNA  BULLULA  Grt.    Sept. -Oct.,  not  common. 

A.  OCTO  Gn.     Aug.-Sept.,  common ;  Monteagle  one    $    26- 

VIII-30. 
CHAMYRIS  CERINTHA  Treit.     July  &  Aug.,  rare;  Monteagle 

27-V-30. 

fLlTHACODIA    SYNOCHITIS    G.    &    R.       6-VI-26. 

L.  MUSTA  G.  &  R.  July-Sept.,  uncommon ;  Monteagle  com- 
mon in  June. 

L.  CARNEOLA  Gn.     Sept. -Oct.,  common. 

L.  APICOSA  Haw.  July  &  Sept.,  uncommon;  Monteagle 
April-Sept.,  not  uncommon. 

L.  MUSCOSULA  Gn.    8-VI-28. 

PROTOCRYPHIA  SECTA  Grt.  24-VI-29,  rare;  Monteagle  com- 
mon in  June. 

CRYPHIA  PERVERTENS  B.  &  McD.  1  &  6-VIII-29;  Monteagle 
common  May-July. 

XANTHOPTERA  NIGROFIMBRIA  Gn.  Common  May-Sept. ; 
Monteagle  14-  VI 1 1  -30. 

HELIOCONTIA  APICELLA  Grt.     Common  June  &  July. 

SPRAGUEIA  LEO  Gn.  (given  as  "ouagrns  Gn."  in  Holland's 
Moth  Book).  Common  in  Aug.  &  Sept.;  Monteagle 
14-VIII-30. 

S.  DAMA  Gn.     Common  June-Sept. ;  Monteagle  July-Sept. 

TARACHIDIA  ERASTRIOIDES  Gn.  [une,  uncommon;  Mont- 
eagle 9-VI-30. 

T.  CANDEFACTA  Hbn.     Common  in  June ;  Monteagle  same. 

T.  SEMIFLAVA  Gn.     Monteagle  June  &  Aug.,  uncommon. 

TARACHE  APRICA  Hbn.     July-Sept.;  Monteagle  27-VIII-30. 

SUBFAMILY  EUTELIINAE. 

MARATHYSSA  INFICITA  Wlk.  27-VII-28  &  10-IX-28;  Mont- 
eagle June-Aug. 

PAECTES  OCULATRIX  Gn.     Rare  in  June  &  Aug. 

P.  FLABELLA  Grt.  (=  :  PYGMAEA  Hbn.  ?).  Monteagle  June 
&  Aug.,  rather  common. 

P.  ABROSTOLOIDES  Gn.     Mid-May-Sept.,  rather  common. 

(To  be  continued) 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  253 

The  Generic  Synonymy  of  the  North  American 
Pieridae  (Lepidoptera). 

By  ALEXANDER  B.  KLOTS,  University  of  Rochester, 
Rochester,  New  York. 

The  writer  has  recently  completed  a  study  of  the  genera  of 
Pieridae  of  the  world  which,  it  is  hoped,  will  eventually  find 
its  way  into  print.  In  the  meantime  it  has  seemed  advisahle  to 
publish  the  present  notes  on  the  North  American  Pierid  genera 
in  a  periodical  in  which  they  will  lie  available  to  a  greater  num- 
ber of  North  American  Lepidopterists  than  will  be  the  above- 
mentioned  work. 

A  number  of  changes  have  been  made  from  both  Barnes  and 
McDunnough's  Check  List  of  the  Lepidoptera  of  Boreal  Amer- 
ica and  Barnes  and  Benjamin's  List  of  the  Diurnal  Lepidoptera 
of  Boreal  America  north  of  Mexico.  Some  of  these  are  due 
to  a  more  intensive  study  of  the  taxonomic  characters  of  the 
insects  themselves ;  others  have  been  made  because  of  a  some- 
what wider  acquaintance  with  the  Pieridae  of  the  world.  At 
least  an  outline  of  the  present  writer's  reasons  for  such  changes 
has  been  given  here.  The  order  of  the  genera  has  been  shifted 
considrably,  those  which  are  considered  more  primitive  having 
been  placed  first.  The  Rhodocerini  as  a  group  average  slightly 
more  primitive  than  the  Pierini,  although  many  of  the  Rhodo- 
cerine  genera  are  far  more  highly  specialized  than  many  of 
those  of  the  Pierini. 

Free  use  has  been  made  of  subgenera,  as  an  excellent  means 
of  showing  relationships.  For  those  who  object  to  the  sub- 
genus  it  may  be  pointed  out  that  this  category  can  always  easily 
be  dropped  out  of  an  individual's  pet  system. 

In  stating  the  genotypes,  the  method  and  date  of  fixation  of 
the  type  has  been  stated.  In  this  "sole  sp."  means  that  the 
type  was  the  sole  species  included  by  the  author  of  the  genus 
in  his  original  proposal  (type  of  monotypical  genus)  ;  "des.  in 
O.  I)."  means  that  the  type  was  designated  by  the  author  in  his 
original  description  of  tin-  genus  (type  by  original  designa- 
tion) ;  "des.  Butler  1870"  would  mean  that  the  type  \vas 
designated  by  Butler  in  1870  (type  by  subsequent  designation). 


254  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

PlERIDAE. 

There  is  nothing  in  the  Code  governing  the  method  of  desig- 
nating family  names.  In  the  present  case  the  application  of  a 
strict  rule  of  priority  to  enforce  the  use  of  the  term  "Asciidac" 
merely  sinks  an  ancient  and  familiar  name  to  one  that  nobody 
has  ever  heard  of,  and  that  most  people  do  not  wish  to  hear  of 
again. 

Subfamily  DISMORPHIINAE. 

Genus  DISMORPHIA  Huebner,  type  laia  Huebner,  des.   Butler 

1870 

Subgenus  ENANTIA  Huebner,  type  licinia  Huebner,  des. 
Scudder  1875.  M  elite  L.,  the  sole  North  American  Dis- 
morphiine,  is  without  doubt  congeneric  with  licinia 

Subfamily  FIERI NAE. 

Tribe  EUCHLOINI. 
Genus  EUCHLOE  Huebner,  type  belia  Esper,  des.  Butler  1870 

All  of  the  North  American  species  belong  in  the  nymotypical 
subgenus,  Euchloc  (Elphinstonia)  Klots,  type  charlonia  Donzel 
having  been  erected  for  some  Palearctic  species.  Olympia  Edw. 
belongs  in  Euchloc.  It  bears  a  merely  superficial  resemblance 
to  the  species  of  Zcgris  Rambur,  type  citphcnie  Esper. 

Genus  ANTHOCHARIS  Boisduval,  type  cardatnincs  L.  des  Scud- 
der 1875 

Subgenus  FALCAPICA  Klots,  type  gcnutia  Fabricius,  des.  in 
O.  D. 

Gcnutia  cannot  serve  as  type  of  Anthocharis,  inasmuch  as  it 
was  not  included  in  the  original  list  of  species. 

According  to  the  Code  the  above  use  of  Anthocharis  is  wrong. 
With  the  formal  invalidation  of  Huebner's  Tantamen,  M.anci- 
pium  Huebner  becomes  invalid,  and  Mancipium  Stephens  ceases 
to  be  a  homonym.  This  would  result  in  the  necessity  of  having 
to  place  Anthocharis  Boisduval  (1832)  as  a  synonym  of  Man- 
cipium Stephens  (1828).  While  the  present  author  does  not 
believe  very  strongly  in  the  sanctity  of  usage  he  does  feel  that 
too  much  confusion  would  be  caused  by  this  change,  and  there- 
for retains  Anthocharis.  Of  the  North  American  species  lan- 
ccolata  and  genutia  go  in  Falcapiai,  while  cctJiura,  pinia  and 
sara  belong  in  Anthocharis  proper. 


xlii,    '31  J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  255 

Tribe  RHODOCERINI. 
Genus  COLIAS  Fabricius,  type  h\alc  L.,  des.  Leach  1815 

Subgenus  ZERENE  Huebner,  type  caesonia  Stoll,  des.  Scudder 
1872 

Again  the  writer  transgresses  the  Code  for  the  sake  of  sim- 
plicity. The  type  of  Colias  was  designated  by  Latreille  in  1810 
as  rhamni  L.,  and  this  designation  has  been  validated  by  Opinion 
1 1  of  the  International  Commission  of  Zoological  Nomencla- 
ture. If  this  designation  were  followed  we  should  have  to  use 
Colias  instead  of  Goucptery.r  /or  a  genus  of  Palearctic  butter- 
flies, and  Zcrcnc  (Scalidoncnra)  Butler  1871,  (type  hcrmima 
Butler  des.  in  O.  D.)  for  Colias  Leach  ct  auct.  Eurymus  Swain- 
son  is,  as  has  been  pointed  out  by  Holland,  a  homonym  of 
Eurymus  Rafinesque  1815. 

Most  of  the  North  American  species  belong  in  C.  (Colias)  ; 
caesonia  and  curydicc  only  go  in  C.  (Zcrcnc).  The  most  strik- 
ing difference  between  the  two  subgenera  is  the  wing-form, 
which  is  hardly  a  generic  character. 

Genus  ANTEOS  Huebner,  type  inacrula  Fabricius,  des.  Godman 
&  Salvin  1889 

Clorinde  Godart,  the  sole  North  American  species,  belongs 
in  the  nymotypical  subgenus. 

Genus  PHOEBIS  Huebner,  type  organic  Fabricius,  des.   Butler 
1870 
Subgenus  APIIRISSA  Butler,  type  statira  Cramer,  des.  in  O.  D. 

All  of  the  North  American  species  except  statira  belong  in 
the  nymotypical  subgenus. 

Genus  KRICOGONIA  Reakirt,  type  lysidc  Godart,  sole  sp. 
Genus  EUREMA  Huebner,  type  daira  Godart,  des.  Butler  1870 
Subgenus  ABAEIS  Huebner,  type  nicippc  Cramer,  des.  Butler 

1870 

Subgenus    PYRISITIA    Butler,   type   protcrpia   Fabricius,    des. 
and  sole  sp.  in  O.  D. 

Nicippe  is  the  sole  species  in  E.  (.Unicis}.  Protcrpia,  tjund- 
lachia  Poey  and  probably  Undo  Fdw.  (a  subsp.  of  nisc  Cramer) 
belong  in  E.  (Pyrisitia).  The  rest  of  the  species  go  in  E. 
(Eitrcmo).  The  subgeneric  separations  are  based  largely  on 
the  sex-scaling  and  male  genitalia. 


256  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

Genus  NATHALIS  Boiscluval,  type  iole  Boisduval  sole  sp. 

Possessing  but  three  radials  in  the  primary,  and  weird  geni- 
talia,  Nathalie  is  the  most  highly  specialized  Rhodocerine  genus. 

Genus  NEOPHASIA  Behr,  type  menapia  Felder  sole  sp. 
Genus  APPIAS  Huebner,  type  zehnira  Cramer,  des.  Butler  1870 
Subgenus  GLUTOPHRISSA  Butler,  type  ilairc  Godart,  des.  in 
O.  D.   (as  poeyi  Butler). 

Ilairc,  the  sole  North  American  species,  is  at  least  sub-generi- 
cally  distinct  from  zchnira. 

Genus  PIERIS  Schrank,  type  brassicac  L.  des.  Latreille  1810 
Subgenus  SYNCHLOE  Huebner,  type  callidice  Esper,  des.  But- 
ler 1870 

The  North  American  species  beckerii  Edwards,  sisymbrii 
Boisduval,  occidcntalis  Reakirt,  protodicc  Boisduval  &  Leconte, 
tiapi  L.,  virginiensis  Edwards,  ochscnhchn-cri  Staudinger  (is 
this  a  valid  species?)  and  rapac  L.  all  belong  in  P.  (Synchloc). 
P.  (Pontia)  is  restricted  to  the  Palearctic  daplidice  and  its 
related  species  chloridicc  with  only  three  radials  in  the  primary. 
Brassicac  is  the  sole  species  in  P.  (Picris}. 

Genus  ASCIA  Scopoli,  type  monustc  L.,  des.  Scudder  1872. 
Subgenus   GANYRA   Dalman,   type  amaryllis   Fabricius.   des. 
Scudder  1875. 

Monuste  is  the  sole  species  in  A.  (Ascia).  Amaryllis  is  the 
only  North  American  representative  of  A.  (Ganyra),  of  which 
other  species  are  found  further  south.  The  subgeneric  char- 
acters are  mainly  differences  in  size,  sex-scaling  and  genitalia. 


An   Improvised   Spreading   Board   for   Small   Moths. 

The  following  suggestion  for  a  spreading  board  for  small 
moths,  or  other  small  insects  which  one  wishes  to  spread,  may 
not  be  a  new  thing  to  some  entomologists,  but  when  the  writer 
recently  conceived  the  idea  for  spreading  a  few  Microlepi- 
doptera  he  felt  that  it  might  be  worth  passing  on  to  others. 
It  may  be  especially  valuable  in  cases  where  large  numbers  of 
moths  are  to  be  pinned,  or  where  one  does  not  have  the  mate- 
rial and  equipment  to  make  the  usual  spreading  boards.  The 
spreading  board  used  was  made  from  a  piece  of  fairly  soft 
corrugated  cardboard  covered  on  one  side  only.  A  piece  of 
common  corrugated  boxing  would  undoubtedly  serve  the  pur- 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  257 

pose  but  might  be  rather  tough  to  pin  through  readily,  thus 
making  the  spreading  of  the  wings  more  difficult.  A  strip  of 
the  covering  cardboard  sheet  is  cut  out  between  two  corruga- 
tions, forming  a  trough  in  which  to  place  the  body  of  the 
insect.  This  leaves  a  good  smooth  surface  on  which  to  spread 
the  wings  and  also  holds  the  two  portions  together.  This  piece 
of  cardboard  may  then  be  made  into  a  spreading  board  by 
placing  it  on  any  kind  of  material  that  is  easily  pinned  through, 
to  allow  for  running  the  insect  pin  down  to  the  desired  depth. 
Some  ordinary  pinning  pith  which  happened  to  be  available 
was  used  in  the  case  just  mentioned. 

Such   a    spreading   board    will   accommodate    insects   with   a 
body  as  large  or  slightly  larger  than  ordinary  cutworm  moths 
and  might  prove  satisfactory  for  many  of  the  smaller  butterflies. 
RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln. 


Parnassius  in  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota  (Lepid. : 

Papilionidae). 

Prospecting  over  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota  in  July, 
1928,  I  found  to  my  great  surprise  Parnassius  flying  there  on 
some  isolated  fields.  The  first  specimens  I  found  at  an  altitude 
of  about  only  four  thousand  feet,  near  Spearfish,  which  greatly 
aroused  my  interest.  Going  up  on  the  higher  altitude,  I  ex- 
pected to  find  these  Alpine  butterflies  in  greater  numbers  so 
going  up  to  Harney  Peak,  which  rises  to  about  seven  thousand 
feet,  and  covering  as  much  territory  as  possible,  I  did  not  find 
a  single  specimen  flying  and  I  did  not  either  find  the  food  plant 
of  the  larvae,  Scdutn-.  Going  down  to  the  altitude  of  about 
five  thousand  feet,  where  the  Scditui  was  growing  profusely, 
I  again  found  Paniassius  flying  sometimes  in  great  numbers. 

Up  to  that  date  I  did  not  know  that  east  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains these  Parnassii  appeared  and  even  in  "Seitz"  of  the 
Macro-lepidoptera  world,  it  is  stated  that  while  Parnassius  ap- 
pears from  Alaska  down  to  Mexico,  they  are  not  found  east  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  specimens  found  in  the  Black  Hills 
have  been  determined  by  Professor  John  A.  Comstock  of  the 
Los  Angeles  Museum  as  being  Paniassius  sinintliciis  niac/ints 
Wright  and  Paniassius  sinintlicus  iiaiius,  varying  greatly  in 
size  and  colors. — EMIL  KRAUTII,  Hebron,  North  Dakota. 


Bookseller's  Separates. 

When  an  author  writes  an  article  for  an  entomological  jour- 
nal, he  usually  receives  free,  upon  request,  from  that  journal 
a  quantity  of  author's  separates,  or  what  are  variously  termed, 
excerpts,  extras,  reprints,  etc.  These  separates  are  generally 
sent  out  bv  the  author  to  friends  and  fellow  workers  who  mav 


258  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

or  may  not  have  seen  the  article,  but  who  like  to  have  inscribed 
copies  for  personal  use.  Such  separates  generally  carry  an 
extra  line  or  two  of  printing  by  the  publication  stating  that 
they  are  separates  and  also  give  date  of  number,  volume,  page, 
etc.  By  this  means  of  the  special  printing  and  other  charac- 
teristics, one  is  reasonably  certain  of  recognizing  a  genuine 
author's  separate. 

Of  late  years  there  has  been  an  increasing  tendency  on  the 
part  of  some  booksellers  to  take  any  entomological  journal  and 
cut  it  up  into  as  many  unit  articles  as  possible,  selling  these 
individually  to  interested  parties.  Such  cut-out  articles  are  not 
genuine  separates.  They  may  serve  a  restricted  clientele,  but 
they  are  not  author's  copies  and  to  sell  them  with  an  inference 
as  such  is  misleading.  Of  course  booksellers  make  a  greater 
profit  by  disposing  of  odd  back  numbers  in  this  way.  I  don't 
know  that  any  special  harm  is  done,  but  perhaps  this  is  one 
of  the  reasons  why  it  is  so  hard  to  complete  sets  of  certain 
journals.  The  above  is  written  simply  to  call  attention  to  the 
difference  between  "author's  separates"  and  "bookseller's  sep- 
arates".— J.  D.  GUNDER,  Pasadena,  California. 


Entomological   Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA   S.    MACKEY  UNDER  THE   SUPERVISION  OF 

E.   T.   CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  numbers  within  brackets  f  ]  refer  to  the  journals,  as  numbered 
in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in  the  January  and  June 
numbers  (or  which  may  be  secured  from  the  publisher  of  Entomological 
News  for  lOc),  in  which  the  paper  appeared.  The  number  of,  or  annual 
volume,  and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  ) 
follows;  then  the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

•Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord. Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

']}Jf  Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  refer- 
ences, as  explained  above. 

Papers   published    in   the    Entomological    News    are    not    listed. 

GENERAL. — Balfour-Browne,  F. — A  plea  for  uniform- 
ity in  the  method  of  recording  insect  captures.  [8]  67:  183- 
192.  Crampton,  G.  C. — A  criticism  of  the  current  theories 
concerning  the  origin  of  metamorphosis  in  insects  with 
suggestions  for  a  theory  based  on  mutation.  [9]  64:  154-158. 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  259 

Fulda,  O.— Sammeln  in  Haiti.  [17]  48:  169-170,  176-179. 
Fulton  &  Chamberlin. — A  new  automatic  insect  trap  for 
the  study  of  insect  dispersion  and  flight  associations.  [  12] 
24:  757-761,  ill.  Melnikov,  P.— Wie  soli  der  falter  in  der 
Tiite  liegen?  [18]  25:  137-140,  ill.  Muir,  F.  A.  G.— Obitu- 
aries. By  J.  J.  Walker  and  W.  K.  China.  [8]  67:  160-162. 
[9]  64:  166-168.  Nicholson,  A.  J. — Methods  of  photograph- 
ing living  insects.  [22]  22:  307-320,  ill.  Poulton,  E.  B.- 
A  hundred  years  of  evolution.  [68J  74:  345-360.  Poulton, 
E.  B. — Two  specially  significant  examples  of  insect  mimic- 
ry. [36]  79:  395-398,  ill.  Smith,  F.  F.— A  new  type  of 
insect  cage.  [12]  24:  914-916,  ill.  Wasmann,  P.  E.— Obitu- 
ary. By  F.  Heikertinger.  [79]  17:  89-96.  ill.  Wucherpfen- 
nig,  F. — Entomologische  Amazonas-fahrt.  [17]  48:  153-156, 
ill.,  cont. 

ANATOMY,     PHYSIOLOGY,     ETC.— Beer,     S.— Ri- 

cerche  sull'  applicazione  dei  raggi  X  alia  ginecrinatura  dei 
Bombyx  mori.  [Bol.  Zool.  Agr.  e  Bach.,  Milano] 
2:  207-241,  ill.  Bugini,  F. — La  partenogenesi  naturale  di- 
mostrata  nel  filugello.  [Bol.  Zool.  Agr.  e  Bach.,  Milano] 
2:  116-149,  ill.  Buxton,  P.  A. — The  law  governing  the  loss 
of  water  from  an  insect.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  27-31. 
Cockayne,  E.  A. — Three  rare  abnormalities  in  lepidopterous 
larvae  homoeosis,  somatic  mutation,  spiral  segmentation. 
[36]  79:  305-309.  ill.  Dover,  C—  Effects  of  inadequate  feed- 
ing on  insect  metamorphosis.  [31]  128:  303-304.  Gargiulo, 
F. — Studi  e  ricerche  sul  giallume  del  Baco  da  seta.  [Bol. 
Zool.  Agr.  e  Bach.,  Milano]  2:  72-115,  ill.  Grandori,  R.- 
Studi  sulla  nascita  della  larve  del  Bombyx  mori.  [Bol.  Zool. 
Ag.  e  Bach.,  Milano]  2:  22-45,  ill.  Hawkins,  C.  N.— Nu- 
merical variation  in  the  ecdyses  of  lepidopterous  larvae. 
[Pro.  So.  Lond.  Ent.  &  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  1931-32:  21-29. 
Hsu,  Y. — Morphology,  anatomy  and  ethology  of  Gryllus 
mitratus.  [  Lingnar  Sci.  Jour.]  10:  187-216,  ill.  Huges, 
A.  W.  McK. — Inheritance  of  melanism  in  moths.  [31]  128: 
496.  Imms,  A.  D. — Recent  research  on  the  wing-venation 
of  insects.  |8]  67:  145-148,  ill.  Misra,  A.  B.— On  the  in- 
ternal anatomy  of  the  female  lac  insect,  Laccifer  lacca  (  Coc- 
cidae).  [93 1  1931  :  297-323.  ill.  Muir,  F.— The  critical  point 
of  parasitism  and  the  law  of  Malthus.  |22|  22:  249-251. 
Pickles,  A. — On  the  metamorphosis  of  the  alimentary  canal 
in  certain  Ephemeroptera.  |36|  79:  263-274.  ill.  Ruble,  H. 
-Die  riechporen  der  Lepidopteren.  |  18]  25:  182-187,  ill. 
Sicard,  H. — Note  preliminaire  Mir  la  biologic  et  la  morphol- 
ogic larvaires  de  Degecria  luctuosa  ifunebris)  Tachinairr 


260  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

parasite  de  1'altise  de  la  vigne.  [25]  1931:  158-162,  ill.  Sulc, 
K. — Die  wachsdriisen  und  ihre  produkte  bei  den  imagen 
der  sf.  Cixiinae.  Die  wachsdriisen  und  ihre  produkte  bei 
den  larven  von  Flata  (Phromnia)  marginalia  d'Olivier. 
[Biol.  Spisy  Acad.  Vet.,  Brno]  8:  1-53,  1-23,  ill.  Timo- 
feeff-Ressovsky,  H. — Ueber  phanotypische  manifestierung 
der  polytopen  (pleiotropen)  genovariation  polyphaen  von 
Drosophila  funebris.  [88]  19:  765-768,  ill.  Warren,  E.- 
The  spermatogenesis  of  ticks.  [31]  128:  454-455.  Wiggles- 
worth. — How  are  the  tracheae  of  insects  kept  full  of  air? 
[Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  11-12.  Zimmermann,  K.— 
Wirkung  von  selektion  und  temperatur  auf  die  pigmentier- 
ung  von  Epilachna  chrysomelina.  [88]  19:  768-771,  ill. 

^ARACHNIDA    AND    MYRIOPODA.— Chamberlin,    J. 

C. — The  arachnid  order  Chelonethida.  [Stanford  Univ. 
Pub.,  Biol.  Sci.]  7:  284pp.,  ill.  *Jacot,  A.  P.— A  common 
arboreal  moss  mite  Humerobates  humeralis.  [Occas.  Pap. 
Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.]  5:  369-381,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Boelsche, 

W. — Der  Termitenstaat  schilderung  eines  geheimnisvollen 
volkes.  Stuttgart  1931.  79  pp.,  ill.  *Geijskes,  D.  C. — Anew 
species  of  Oligoclada  from  Trinidad,  B.  W.  I.  [58]  8:  213- 
214.  *Jordan,  K. — Three  new  South  American  fleas.  [71] 
36:  311-316,  ill.  *Longinos  Navas,  R.  P. — Veinticinco 
formas  nuevas  de  insectos.  [Bol.  Soc.  Iberica  Cien.  Nat.] 
26:  48-75,  ill.  (S).  *McDunnough,  J. — The  genus  Isonychia 
(Ephemeroptera).  [4]  63:  157-163,  ill.  Mosely,  M/E.- 
Trichoptera  and  Ephemeroptera  of  British  Guiana,  with 
special  reference  to  the  Oxford  University  Expedition  to 
British  Guiana,  1929.  [9]  64:  169-170.  Moulton,  D.— Den- 
drothrips  ornatus,  1894.  [19]  26:  75. 

ORTHOPTERA.— *Moreira,  C. — Ueber  einige  Dermap- 
tera  von  Sudamerika  aus  der  sammlung  des  Deutschen 
Entomologischen  Instituts  Dahlem.  [56]  10:  167-170,  ill. 
*Willemse,  C. — A  new  species  of  Aucacris  from  Chile. 
(Cyrtacanthacr.).  [Mitt.  Deut.  Ent.  Gesell.]  2:  22-24,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— del  Guercio,  G.— La  Vespina  che  libera 
il  pomario  dalla  Schizoneora  del  Melo  e  del  Pero  e  salva 
diecine  di  millioni  all'economia  nazionale.  (Aphelinus  mali). 
[Redia]  19:  253-513,  ill.  *Dozier,  H.  L.— A  new  giant  wax 
scale  from  Haiti.  [40]  495:  2pp.,  ill.  *Hottes  &  Frison.- 
The  plant  lice,  or  Aphiidae,  of  Illinois.  [Bull.  Illinois  Div. 
Nat.  Hist.  Surv.]  19:  121-447,  ill.  *Jensen-Haarup,  A.  C.- 


xlii,    '31  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  2')1 

New  or  little  known  Hemiptera  Heteroptera  I.  (S).  [11] 
1930:  215-222,  ill.  Lundblad,  O.— Ueber  die  Corixiden  des 
zoologischen  Museums  in  Halle,  nebst  einer  uebersicht  der 
gattung  Trichocorixa.  [34]  96:  85-95,  ill.  *Schmidt,  E.- 
Zur  kenntnis  der  familie  Pyrrhocoridae  (Heteroptera).  (S). 
[60]  92:  1-51.  Wigglesworth. — A  curious  effect  of  desic- 
cation on  the  bed-bug  (Cimex  lectularius).  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc. 
London]  6:  25-26. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bryk,  F.— Lepidopterorum  Catalog- 
us.  Pars  45.  Pericopinae.  57  pp.  *Cadbury,  J.  W. — A  new 
form  of  Sphinx  gordius  (Sphingidae).  [1|  57:  319-320,  ill. 
Culot  &  F.  D. — Fixation  des  papillons  sur  papier.  [Lam- 
billionea]  31:  119-123.  Dixey,  F.  A. — Development  of 
wings  in  lepidoptera.  [36]  79:  365-393,  ill.  Gaede,  M.- 
Lepidopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  '46.  Satyridae.  321-544. 
*Gehlen,  B.— Neues  iiber  Sphingiden..  (S).  [14]  45:  119- 
121.  Hay  ward,  K.  J. — Contributions  to  the  lepidopterology 
of  the  Argentine.  8pp.  [21]  43,  No.  7,  Suppl.  Jones,  F.  M. 
-The  gregarious  sleeping  habits  of  Heliconius  charithonia. 
[Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  4-10.  *McDunnough,  J. — A 
new  Argyroploce  species  (Eucosmidae).  [4]  63:  150-152,  ill. 
Manson,  G.  F. — Aphid  galls  as  a  noctuid  feeding  ground. 
|4j  63:  171-172.  *Michael,  O. — Ueber  einige  neue  tagfal- 
teraberrationen  vom  Amazonasgebiet.  [14]  45:  152-155,  ill., 
cont.  *Neustetter,-  H.— Neue  Heliconius.  (S).  [18]  25:  165- 
174,  ill.  Salt,  G.— The  "False  Head"  of  many  Colombian 
lycaenid  butterflies  observed  by  G.  Salt,  also  mimicry  of 
Aculeate  models  by  Colombian  moths.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  Lon- 
don] 6:  19-22.  Wood,  A.  A. — A  new  bait  trap  for  noctuid 
moths.  [4]  63:  149-150. 

DIPTERA.— *Aldrich,  J.  M.— Notes  on  the  Tachinid 
genus  Chaetonodexodes,  with  one  new  species.  [75]  8: 
205-207.  (S).  *Alexander,  C.  P.— New  or  little-known 
Tipulidae  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 
(S).  [40]  491 :  16  pp.,  ill.  *Bau,  A.— Ueber  das  genus  Cute- 
rebra  (Oestridae)  ;  Einteilung  desselben  in  sechs  untergal- 
tungen ;  Beschreibung  neuer  species  und  aufstellung  einer 
bestimmungstabelle  der  mittel-  und  siidamerikanischen 
arten.  [56]  10:  197-240,  ill.  *Bau,  A.— Cuterebra  ( Atrypos- 
oma)  enderleini  spec.  nov.  [Mitt.  Deut.  Ent.  Gesell.]  2: 
20-21,  ill.  Collin,  J.  E.- — -Die  ausbeute  der  deutschen  Chaco- 
Expedition  1925-26.  Pipunculiclae.  [56]  10:  171-176,  ill. 
*Curran,  C.  H.— Twelve  new  Diptera.  [40]  492:  13pp.,  ill. 


262  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

*Curran,  C.  H.— New  American  Asiliclae.  [40]  487:  25pp. 
Edwards,  F.  W. — Some  suggestions  on  the  classification  of 
the  genus  Tipula  (Tipulidae).  [75]  8:  73-82.  *Engel,  O.- 
Die  ausbeute  der  deutschen  Chaco-Expedition  Anthomy- 
idae,  Muscidae  und  Sarcophagidae.  [56]  10:  133-153. 
Greene  &  Urich. — The  immature  stages  of  Pantophthalmus 
tabaninus.  [36]  79:  277-282,  ill.  Hoffmann,  C.  H.— Chir- 
onomid  larvae  associated  with  watersnails.  [19]  26:  71-74, 
ill.  Karandikar,  K.  R. — The  early  stages  and  bionomics  of 
Trichocera  maculipennis  (Tipulidae).  [36]  79:  249-260,  ill. 
Knowlton,  G.  F.— Notes  on  Utah  Diptera.  [4]  63:  152-157. 
*Krober,  O. — Die  Tabanus-untergattung  Gymnochela.  [34] 
96:  49-61,  ill.  (S).  *Krober,  O.— Neue  Tabaniden  aus  Sud- 
amerika  im  Stettiner  Museum.  [60]  92:  90-93.  *Leonard, 
M.  D. — Two  new  species  of  Symphoromyia  (Rhagionidae) 
from  the  eastern  United  States.  [40]  497:  2pp.  *Martini, 
E. — Die  ausbeute  der  deutschen  Chaco-Expedition  1925-26. 
Diptera.  Culicidae.  [56]  10:  116-120.  Puri,  I.  M.— Larvae 
of  anopheline  mosquitoes,  with  full  description  of  those 
of  the  Indian  species.  [Ind.  Med.  Res.  Mem.]  21 :  227 
pp.,  ill.  *Reinhard,  H.  J. — The  two-winged  flies  belonging 
to  Siphosturmia  and  allied  genera,  with  descriptions  of  two 
new  species.  [50]  79,  Art.  11:  llpp.  Seguy,  E. — Sur  les 
affinites  des  genres  Stenoxenus  et  Macroptilum  et  descrip- 
tion d'une  espece  nouvelle.  [Ceratopogonidae].  [25]  1931: 
208-211,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA. — Bernhauer. — Eine  neue  subtribus  der 
Quediini.    (Staphylinidae).    [79]    17:   84.      Bertrand,    H.- 

Notice  sur  les  larves  de  Dytiscides  cle  la  collection  Mein- 
ert.  [102]  17:  286-305.  ill.  *Blake,  D.  H.— Revision  of  the 
species  of  beetles  of  the  genus  Trirhabda  north  of  Mexico. 
[50]  79,  Art.  2:  36pp.,  ill.  *Cameron,  M.— Description  of 
a  new  species  of  Oligota  (Staphylinidae)  from  Trinidad. 
[75]  8:  82.  de  Basilewsky,  P. — Additions  et  rectifications 
aux  Carabidae  du  "Coleppterorum  Catalogus".  [33]  71 :  95- 
97.  *Buchanan,  L.  L. — Synopsis  of  Perigaster  (Curculi- 
onidae).  [91]  21  :  320-325,  ill.  Dietrich,  H.— Mounting  Col- 
eoptera.  [12]  24:  874-877.  *Eggers,  H.— Borkenkafer 
(Ipidae)  aus  Sudamerika.  [48]  48:  29-42.  Jordan,  K.- 
Anthribidae  versus  Platystomidae.  [71]  36:  281-287. 
Kleine,  R. — Die  biologic  der  Brenthidae.  Eine  uebersicht 
iiber  die  bisherigen  forschungsergebnisse.  [17]  48:  149-153, 
cont.  Korschefsky,  R. —  Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  263 

118.  Coccinellidae  I.  224pp.  Levtshuk,  J. — Contributions 
to  the  comparative  anatomy  of  the  g'enitalia  of  Elateridae. 
[Rev.  Russe  Ent.]  24:  135-147,  ill.  *Nevermann,  F.--  Bei- 
trag  zur  kenntnis  der  Telephanus.  (Cucujidae).  [60]  92: 
102-160,  ill.  (S).  *Pic,  M.— Nouveaux  Coleopteres  de  la 
Colombie.  [25]  1931:  192-194.  Roubal,  J.— Quelques  addi- 
tions a  Schenkling-Junk,  Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  [Cas- 
opis]  27:  5-6.  *Schedl,  K. — Notes  on  the  Pityophthorinae 
(Ipidae).  Three  new  species.  [4]  63:  163-168,  ill.  Stehr, 
W.  C.  -  -  The  Coccinellidae  of  Minnesota.  [Univ.  Minn. 
Ag.  Exp.  Sta.,  Tech.  Bui.]  75:  54  pp.,  ill.  *Uhmann, 
E. — Hispinen  des  Zoologischen  Staarsinstitutes  und  Zool- 
ogischen  Museums  zu  Hamburg^*  (S).  [11]  1930:  161-175, 
ill.  *van  Emden,  F. — Zur  kemitnis  der  Sandalidae  XI-XVI. 
[2]  27:  49-59,  ill.,  cont.  (S). ••"Zimmerman,  A. — Monographic 
der  palaarktischen  Dytisciden.  II.  Hydroporinae :  Hydro- 
porus.  [79]  17:  97-159. 

HYMENOPTERA.  —  *Cockerell  &  Sumner.  —  Rocky 
Mountain  bees.  III.  [40]  490:  15pp.,  ill.  *Cushman,  R.  A. 

—Descriptions  of  thirteen  new  American  and  Asiatic  Ich- 
neumon-flies, with  taxonomic  notes.  [50]  79,  Art.  14:  16pp. 
Grempe,  M. — Ameisen  als  feuerwehr.  [17]  48:  156-159. 
Harttig,  G. — Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  gattungen  Pemphre- 
don  und  Cemonus.  [56]  10:  81-84.  *Lieberman,  J.— Esfegi- 
dos  Argentines  del  genero  Sphex.  [An.  Soc.  Cien.  Argen- 
tina] 112:  5-26,  79-101,  ill.  *Myers,  J.  G.— Descriptions  and 
records  of  parasitic  Hymenoptera  from  British  Guiana  and 
the  West  Indies.  [22]  22:  267-277.  *Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W. 

—Descriptions  of  a  new  genus  and  eight  new  species  of 
Ichneumon-flies  with  taxonomic  notes.  [50]  79,  Art.  16: 
16  pp.  Myers,  J.  G. — Cuban  and  Trinidad  Eupelmidae 
(Chalcididae)  observed  associating  with  ants.  |  Pro.  Ent. 
Soc.  London]  6:  31-32.  *Rodeck,  H.  G.— Rocky  Mountain 
bees.  IV.  [40]  496:  11  pp.  *Walley,  G.  S.— New  Canadian 
species  of  Arenetra  (Ichneumonidae).  |4]  63:  168-171. 


THE  FABRICIAN  TYPES  OF  INSECTS  IN  THE  HUNTERIAX 
COLLECTION  AT  GLASGOW  UNIVERSITY.  Coleoptera,  I 'art  I,  by 
ROBERT  A.  STAIG,  M.A.,  F.R.S.E.,  Lecturer  in  Zoology  (  En- 
tomology) University  of  Glasgow.  Cambridge:  at  the  Uni- 
versity Press.  New  York:  The  Macmillan  Co.,  1931. 

This  is  a  small  volume  of  107  pp.  of  text,  an  introduction 
(7  pp.)  and  index,  and  is  illustrated  bv  twenty-eight  plates. 


264  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

each  showing  a  single  enlarged  colored  drawing  of  a  Fabrician 
or  Olivierian  type. 

The  introduction  contains  some  account  of  the  Hunter  Col- 
lection, together  with  a  short  biographical  sketch  of  Fabricius, 
more  especially  of  his  connection  with  English  collectors  and 
collections,  and  is  interesting  reading  throughout.  It  seems 
that  Fabricius  made  a  lengthy  visit  to  England  1772-75,  where, 
as  he  says  in  his  autobiography,  "I  now  lived  very  pleasantly. 
With  Banks,  Hunter  and  Drury  I  found  plenty  of  objects  to 
engage  my  time  and  everything  which  could  possibly  be  of 
service  to  me.  My  situation  was  not  only  very  delightful  but 
it  afforded  the  means  of  gaining  much  instruction."  It  was  at 
this  time,  as  the  author  of  the  present  volume  says,  that  "Fabri- 
cius worked  through  Dr.  Hunter's  Cabinets  of  Insects,  he  iden- 
tified and  labelled  the  various  specimens  and  a  large  number 
of  them  were  named  and  described  by  him  (in  his  Systema 
Entomologiae  and  his  later  works)  as  species  new  to  science". 
The  author  goes  on  to  say-  "It  has  long  been  desired  that  the 
Fabrician  types  in  the  Hunterian  Collection  should  be  made 
accessible  for  purposes  of  systematic  entomology,  by  the  pub- 
lication of  accurate  up-to-date  descriptions  together  with  accu- 
rate figures." 

That  a  most  capable  beginning  of  this  work  has  been  made 
by  Mr.  Staig  will  be  obvious  to  anyone  who  will  examine  this 
little  volume  attentively.  The  task  has  been  complicated  from 
the  fact  that  the  labels  were  pinned  or  gummed  to  the  bottom 
of  the  box  instead  of  being  attached  to  the  specimens,  many 
of  which  through  careless  or  irresponsible  handling  had  become 
separated,  therefrom.  The  author  states,  however,  that  the 
specimens  in  the  Hunterian  cabinets,  although  more  than  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years  old,  are  for  the  most  part  in  a  re- 
markably good  state  of  preservation  and  that  by  careful  com- 
parison with  the  descriptions  and  with  representative  modern 
examples  of  the  species  he  has  been  able  to  locate  with  cer- 
tainty most  of  the  misplaced  types  though  with  "considerable 
trouble  and  deplorable  loss  of  time". 

In  pursuance  of  the  project  as  outlined  we  find  in  the  body 
of  the  work  "up-to-date"  descriptions  of  forty-three  types, 
thirty-five  of  which  are  of  Fabricius'  species,  six  of  Oliver's 
and  two  of  Drury's.  The  descriptions  are  very  carefully  drawn, 
designedly  of  course  with  sufficient  detail  to  permit  identifica- 
tion by  systematists  in  the  absence  of  the  types.  The  actual 
accomplishment  of  this  theoretical  result  is  a  very  difficult  mat- 
ter and  its  complete  realization  is  all  but  impossible.  I  believe, 
however,  that  the  author  has  attained  an  unusually  high  level  of 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  265 

success  in  his  characterizations.  The  figures  have  evidently 
heen  made  with  painstaking  effort  to  faithfully  reproduce  the 
form,  outline,  relative  dimensions  and  broader  features  of  sculp- 
ture. The  coloring  has  not  in  all  cases  been  so  successfully 
accomplished.  While  it  may  add  to  the  artistic  effect,  it  some- 
times prevents  or  obscures  details  of  sculpture,  and  in  certain 
instances  it  is  at  variance  with  the  descriptions — e.g.,  in  Scaph- 
inotus  unicolor  and  PasinMchus  depressus,  which  are  respec- 
tively described  as  "concolorous,  dull  glossy  black"  and  "glossy 
black,"  whereas  the  figures  indicate  the  presence  of  a  distinct 
violaceous  lustre. 

To  students  of  Coleoptera  in  general  the  gain  from  Mr. 
Staig's  volume  is,  of  course,  in  great  part  formal  rather  than 
actual,  inasmuch  as  the  vast  majority  of  Fabricius'  species  are 
already  so  well  known.  Here  in  America,  where  there  are  no 
types  to  be  consulted,  our  conceptions  of  the  Fabrician  species 
are  traditional ;  they  are  the  crystallized  and  generally  accepted 
results  of  the  combined  efforts  of  many  subsequent  writers, 
some  of  whom  at  least  have  seen  and  studied  the  original  types 
or  other  authentic  material  and  have  written  fuller  descriptions 
and  drawn  better  figures.  In  the  main  we  feel  that  we  know 
the  American  species  of  Fabricius,  but  there  are  still  a  few 
concerning  which  some  doubt  exists  and  our  coleopterists  will 
therefore  be  especially  interested  in  the  discussion  of  the  Hun- 
terian  types  belonging  to  our  fauna.  Of  these  there  are  twelve, 
as  follows : 

4.  Cicindchi  unipwnctata  Fab.,   Syst.   Ent.,   p.   225,   No.  8 
(1775). 

6.  Scaphmotns   (Carabus)    clcvatus  Fab.,   Mant.   Ins.   I.  p. 
198,  No.  37  (1787). 

7.  Scaphinotiis   (Carabus)    unicolor  Fab.,   Mant.  Ins.  I,  p. 
198,  No.  38  (1787). 

9.  PasinMchus   (Scaritcs)   depressus  Fab.,  Mant.  Ins.  I,  p. 

206,  No.  1   (1787).* 
10.  Pasimachus   (Scaritcs)    marginatus  Fab.,   Mant.   Ins.   I, 

p.  206,  No.  2  (1787). 
16.  Agonoderus   (Carabus)    pallipes  Fab.,   Mant.   Ins.   I,   p. 

202,  No.  86  (1787). 
21.  Deltochilmn   (Scat-abacus)  yibbosnm  Fab.,  Syst.  Ent.,  p. 

28,  No.  112  (1775). 
23.  Copris  (Scarabacus)   lar  Fab.,  Mant.  Ins.  I,  p.   13,  No. 

124  (1787). 

*  The  author  points  out  that  the  references  to  original  descriptions  of 
Nos.  9,  10  and  16  above,  and  also  of  Scaritcs  subterranetts  Fab.  are 
incorrectly  given  in  the  Leng  List. 


266  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

This    is    the    same   as    the    previously    described    Copris 
(Scarabacus)   ininutus  of  Drury   (1770). 
32.  Anomala    (Melolontha)    crrans  Oliv.,   Ent.   I,   5,  p.  45, 
pi.  8,  fig.  92   (1789). 

According  to  Mr.  Arrow  this  is  the  same  as  the  Anomala 
lucicola  Fab.  and  antedates  the  latter  by  nine  years.     See 
p.  67  of  text. 
34.  Anomala  (MelolontJia)  innuba  Fab.,  Mant.  Ins.  I,  p.  22, 

No.  45  (1787). 

48.  Trichiotinus  (Cetonia)   bidcus  Oliv.,  Ent.  I,  6,  p.  62,  pi. 
10,  fig.  87  (1789). 

The  same  as  Trickius  bibcns  Fab.    (1775),  the  type  of 
which  is  not  in  the  Hunter  Coll.     "The  word  'bibens'  is 
a  printer's  error  as  pointed  out  by  F.  W.  Hope." 
51.  Silpha .surinamensis  Fab.,  Syst.  Ent.,  p.  72,  No.  1  (1775). 
Of  nine  of  the  above  species  nothing  need  be  said,  our  in- 
terpretations being  apparently  in  harmony  with  the  descriptions 
of  the  types  or,  in  the  case  of  Copris  minutus  and  Anomala 
lucicola,  of  their  equivalents. 

Scaphinotus  unicolor  Fab.  There  are  still  some  unsettled 
doubts  as  to  the  precise  relationship  between  unicolor,  heros 
Harris  and  shocmakcri  Leng,  and  neither  the  description  nor 
the  figure  of  the  Fabrician  type  enables  us  to  resolve  the  doubts. 
In  the  text  unicolor  and  hcros  are  assumed  to  be  synonymous 
but  just  why  the  species  is  recorded  under  the  latter  and  much 
later  name  is  not  clear. 

Pasimachus  depressus  Fab.  According  to  Staig's  descrip- 
tion the  type  is  entirely  black  without  trace  of  bluish  or  violace- 
ous border.  It  is  apparently  the  form  to  which  Le  Conte  gave 
the  name  ni-orio  in  his  earliest  paper  on  the  genus,  but  which 
he  later  united  with  depressus.  If  the  South  American  locality 
(Cayenne)  given  by  Fabricius  for  his  type  is  correct,  it  may 
introduce  complications,  otherwise  it  would  appear  that  inorio 
is  a  straight  synonym  of  depressus,  while  limbatus  Zimm,  may 
be  used  if  desired  for  the  form  with  bluish  margins. 

Agonoderus  pallipcs  Fab.  The  name  label  covers  two  speci- 
mens in  the  Hunter  collection,  the  larger  of  which  is  said  by 
the  author  to  answer  best  the  descriptions  of  Fabricius  and 
Olivier.  Both  specimens  are  described  but  no  figure  is  given. 
Judging  from  the  descriptions  the  two  examples  are  of  different 
species  and  I  cannot  satisfy  myself  that  either  of  them  is  the 
same  as  the  pallipcs  of  our  American  authorities ;  in  fact  cer- 
tain characters  ascribed  to  the  larger  specimen  would  exclude 
it  from  the  genus  Agonoderus  altogether.  I  shall  endeavor  to 
get  further  information  on  this  matter. 


xlii,   '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  267 

Thus  far  only  the  types  in  the  families  Cicindelidae,  Cara- 
biclae,  Dytiscidae,  Scarabaeidae,  Silphidae.  Histeridae,  and 
Erotylidae  have  been  treated.  We  shall  look  forward  with  in- 
terest to  the  appearance  of  further  installments  of  the  work 
and  trust  it  may  ultimately  be  brought  to  completion  as  planned. 
— H.  C.  FALL. 


Doings  of  Societies. 

The  eighth  annual  meeting  of  the  ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  CON- 
FERENCE OF  ENTOMOLOGISTS  was  held  in  Pingree  Park,  Colo- 
rado, August  17  to  22,  1931,  inclusive.  The  Colorado  State 
Agricultural  College  Forestry  Lodge,  which  is  located  in  Pin- 
gree Park  at  an  altitude  of  about  9000  feet,  was  made  the 
headquarters.  The  entomologists  brought  members  of  their 
families  that  enjoyed  the  outing.  A  total  of  82  registered 
during  the  week,  44  of  these  being  directly  interested  in  ento- 
mology. The  following  is  a  list  of  these: 

E.  G.  Kelly,  Geo.  A.  Dean,  R.  L.  Parker,  Roger  C.  Smith, 
Donald  A.  Wilbur,  Manhattan,  Kansas;  Paul  B.  Lawson,  R.  H. 
Beamer,  J.  O.  Nottingham,  H.  T.  Peters,  M.  W.  Anderson, 
Lawrence,  Kansas ;  Edwin  W.  Howe,  Wichita,  Kansas ;  L.  D. 
Anderson,  Morganville,  Kansas;  E.  W.  Davis,  H.  E.  Dorst, 
Leland  Jones,  Richard  C.  Newton,  Geo.  I.  Reeves,  John  C. 
Hamlin,  Ralph  Bunn,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah ;  K.  D.  Arbethnot, 
Monroe,  Michigan;  F.  E.  Whitehead,  Stillwater,  Okla.,  M.  C. 
Parker,  Madison,  Wisconsin ;  Lester  Hanna,  Del  Norte,  Colo- 
rado; Jean  Sutherland,  J.  W.  Horn,  Carl  Hopkins,  Boulder, 
Colorado;  Harry  Newton,  Paonia,  Colorado;  Chas.  M.  Drage, 
Loveland,  Colorado  ;  Louis  G.  Davis,  Grand  Junction,  Colorado ; 
John  L.  Hoerner,  R.  G.  Richmond,  Miriam  A.  Palmer,  Geo. 
M.  List,  F.  T.  Cowan,  C.  P.  Gillette,  Rellie  G.  Mack,  Sam  C. 
McCampbell,  John  Weaver,  Leslie  B.  Daniels,  C.  W.  Kearns, 
Harold  Willis,  Carl  A.  Bjurman,  C.  R.  Jones,  Albert  White, 
Fort  Collins,  Colorado. 

Ten  sessions  were  held  during  the  week  for  discussion  and 
presentation  of  papers.  The  remainder  of  the  time  was  given 
to  collecting  by  those  that  were  interested  in  this,  and  to 
recreation. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  more  formal  subjects  discussed: 

ORTHOPTERA. -- Grasshopper  Control  Work  in  Colorado 
during  1931,  F.  T.  Cowan;  Grasshopper  Control  in  Kansas  and 
Results  of  Correlated  Program  of  Work  in  Extension,  E.  G. 


268  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '31 

Kelly;  A»review  of  the  Grasshopper  Situation  with  a  Summary 
of  Our  Present  Control  Information,  Geo.  A.  Dean. 

COLEOPTERA. --Alfalfa  Weevil  Studies,  Geo.  I.  Reeves  and 
J.  C.  Hamlin. 

HYMENOPTERA. -- Status  of  Experiments  with  Trichogram- 
ma  minutum  (Riley),  Geo.  M.  List;  Liberation  of  Tricho- 
gramma  minutum  (Riley)  in  Mesa  and  Delta  counties,  Colo- 
rado, with  Other  Notes  on  Codling  Moth,  L.  G:  Davis  and 
J.  H.  Newton. 

HOMOPTERA.  -  -  Taxonomy  of  Corn  Root  Louse,  Aphis  maidi- 
radicis,  and  Some  Allied  Species  of  Aphidiae,  Miriam  A. 
Palmer;  Beet  Leaf -hopper  Studies  in  Utah,  E.  W.  Davis. 

LEPIDOPTERA. -- Temperature  and  Its  Relation  to  Rate,  of 
Hatch  of  Codling  Moth  Eggs,  Edwin  W.  Howe ;  Codling  Moth 
Work  at  Manhattan,  Kansas,  R.  L.  Parker. 

GENERAL.  -  -  Illustrated  Lecture  on  the  Phillipines  with 
Reference  to  Entomological  Problems,  C.  R.  Jones ;  The  Effect 
of  Arsenic  as  Used  in  the  Control  of  Grasshoppers  Upon  Birds, 
F.  E.  Whitehead ;  European  Corn  Borer  Parasites  in  Middle 
Western  Area,  K.  D.  Arbethnot ;  Some  Phases  of  Work  on 
Pasture  Insects,  Donald  A.  Wilbur ;  Some  Insects  that  Attack 
Honey  Locust  in  Colorado,  S.  C.  McCampbell ;  Elm  Tree 
Borers,  R.  L.  Parker ;  The  Summer's  Collecting  Trip  Under 
the  Auspices  of  the  University  of  Kansas  ;  R.  H.  Beamer ;  A 
Recent  Insect  Survey  of  Kansas  by  Questionnaire.  R.  C.  Smith ; 
Mill  Fumigation,  Geo.  A.  Dean ;  An  Illustrated  Lecture  on 
Haiti,  R.  C.  Smith. 

SYMPOSIUM.-  -The  use  of  Mathematics  in  Analizing  Ento- 
mological Data.  The  Use  of  Mathematics  in  Alfalfa  Weevil 
Investigation,  Geo.  I.  Reeves  and  J.  C.  Hamlin;  Curve  Fitting, 
Ralph  Bunn ;  Probable  Error,  Richard  Newton ;  Chi-square, 
Leland  Jones. 

The  officers  elected  for  1932  were  C.  P.  Gillette,  Chairman  : 
P.  B.  Lawson,  Vice-chairman ;  Geo.  M.  List,  Secretary,  and 
C.  R.  Jones,  Treasurer. 

GEORGE  M.  LIST,  Secretary. 


OBITUARY. 

HENRY  LORENZ  VIERECK,  known  for  his  work  on  the  Hymen- 
optera,  died  at  Loudonville,  Ohio,  October  8,  1931,  as  the 
result  of  an  accident.  A  biographical  notice  will  appear  in  a 
later  issue  of  the  NEWS. 


Subscriptions  for  1932  now  Payable. 

DECEMBER,  1931 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLII 


No.  10 


HENRY  SKINNER 
1861-1926 


CONTENTS 

Cartwright— Digger    Wasps    and     Buprestidae    (Hym. :     Cerceridae, 

Coleop. :    Buprestidae) 269 

Vansell — Flight  of  Corixids  (Hemip.;  Corixidae) 270 

Richards — Noctuidae  of  Northern  Georgia  and  Tennessee  (Lepid.)..  .  271 
Bird — The   Nymph   of   Enallagma  basidens  Calvert   (Odonata:  Agri- 

onidae) 276 

Bequaert — Note  on  Odynerus  bermudensis,  with  a  Description  of  the 

Male  (  Hymenoptera  :  Vespidae) 277 

Tietz — Catopsilia  philea  in  Pennsylvania  (Lepid.  :    Pieridae) 279 

Hall— New  Texas  Sarcophaginae  (Diptera:  Calliphoridae)  .  .  280 

Horst— Rex  Research  Foundation 286 

Dornfeld — A  Night-Flying  Butterrlyand  Some  Unusual  Locality  Records 

(Lepidoptera) 

Entomological  Literature 288 

Review— Dr.  Holland's  New  Butterfly  Book      291 

Review — Imm's  Social  Behavior  in  Insects.  292 

Obituary  and  Published  Writings  on  Insects — Charles  Dury 293 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia.   Pa..  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed   for   in    Siction    1. 

Act  of  Octoher   3,   1917,  authorized  January    15,   1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors. 

Advisory  Committee :  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .  .          3.15 

Foreign  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of   reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.     Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tif~n,   without  change   in   form   and    without   covers,    will   be   given    free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be( 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  arc 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies.  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numbers 
•rf  copies  will  he  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLII.  DECEMBER,    1931  No.  10 

Digger  Wasps  and  Buprestidae  (Hym.:  Cerceridae, 
Coleop.:  Buprestidae). 

By  O.  L.  CARTWRIGHT,  South  Carolina  Experiment  Station, 

Clemson  College,  S.  C. 

On  July  4,  1931,  several  members  of  the  Entomology  Divi- 
sion of  the  South  Carolina  Experiment  Station,  enjoyed  a 
holiday  collecting  trip  to  Jocassee,  South  Carolina.  Near  this 
delightful  little  mountain  community  they  were  attracted  to  a 
sandy  knoll-like  elevation  in  the  narrow  road  by  many  wasps 
flying  a  few  inches  above  the  ground.  The  particular  area 
apparently  most  attractive  to  the  wasps  was  somewhat  wider 
than  most  of  the  road  and  used  by  motorists  in  turning  their 
cars,  in  all  a  space  covering  not  more  than  one  hundred  square 
yards.  A  number  of  the  wasps  were  caught  and  found  to  be 
of  several  species,  Sticlia  Carolina  (Fab.)  being  most  numer- 
ous, followed  in  order  by  Bicyrtcs  quadrifasciata  (Say),  Cer- 
ceris  futnipennis  Say,  Elis  Carolina  (Panz.)  and  Ccrccris  inandi- 
bularis  Patton.  C.  fitinif>cnnis  were  observed  bringing  Bupres- 
tidae to  their  numerous  burrows  in  the  roadway.  C.  mandibn- 
laris  brought  in  a  grasshopper  nymph.  The  other  species 
seemed  to  be  flying  about  rather  aimlessly  over  the  area. 

The  most  interesting  and  perhaps  unusual  find,  however,  was 
the  discovery  of  a  surprising  number  of  Buprestidae  scattered 
about  on  the  ground.  The  infrequent  cars  passing,  backing 
and  turning  at  the  point  doubtless  caused  the  abandonment  of 
some  of  the  beetles  by  the  wasps,  since  at  the  party's  approach 
wasps  were  observed  to  drop  larger  specimens  of  their  prey 
and  fly  away.  Other  agencies  probably  also  caused  abandon- 
ment, however,  for  a  few  beetles  were  found  near  another 
colony  of  wasps  in  a  field  not  far  away.  Whether  or  not  other 
species  of  wasps  present  were  interfering  with  the  activity  of 
Ccrccris  futnipennis  was  not  determined.  Many  of  the  beetles 
were  alive  but  paralized.  C.  fitinipciinis  was  the  only  species 


269 


DEC  10  1S31 


270  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

observed  with  the  Buprestidae  and  perhaps  had  brought  in  all 
of  the  beetles   found. 

The  number  of  specimens  of  the  twenty  species  of  Bupres- 
tidae picked  up  from  the  surface  of  the  roadway — the  wasps 
burrows  were  not  disturbed — on  this  and  two  later  visits  to 
the  spot  were  as  follows : 

51  Buprcstis   rufipcs    (Oliv.)  2  Chrysobothris   verdigripennis 

26  Dicer ra   lurida    (Fab.)  Frost 

12  Dicerca    americana    (Hbst.)  2  Agrilus  bilineatns   (Web.) 

8  Buprcstis   fasciata    Fab.  1  Dicerca  tttbercitlata   (Cast.) 

6  Dicerca    punctulata    (Schon)  1  Chrysobothris  blanchardi  Horn 

5  Buprestis  striata   Fab.  1  Chrysobothris  dcntipcs 
5  Chrysobothris  femorata  (Oliv.)                    (Germar) 

3  Dicerca   nuttalli  var.  1  Chrysobothris  floricola  Gory 

considaris   Gory  1  Chrysobothris  lesueuri    Cast. 

3  Buprcstis  lineata  Fab.  1  Agrilus  arcuatits   (Say) 
3  Actcnodes  acornis   (Say) 

2  Buprcstis  maculipcnnis  Gory  136  specimens    of    Buprestidae    (20 
2  Chrysobothris scxsigiiata  (Say)                  species). 

This  list  of  Buprestidae  includes  several  which  according  to 
our  records  had  not  previously  been  taken  in  South  Carolina 
and  while  of  biological  interest  it  is  also  of  considerable  eco- 
nomic significance  to  those  interested  in  forests  and  forest 
entomology. 

The  writer  gratefully  acknowledges  his  indebtedness  to  Miss 
Grace  Sandhouse  of  the  United  States  National  Museum  for 
determinations  of  the  Hymenoptera  and  to  Mr.  J.  N.  Knull  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Forest  Research  Laboratories  for  determina- 
tions of  the  Buprestidae. 

— •  •«•  •  •> — • — 

Flight  of   Corixids    (Hernip.:   Corixidae). 

An  immense  number  of  Corisclla  dispersa  (Uhler)  came 
into  the  city  of  Davis,  California,  during  the  evening  and  night 
of  June  23,  1931.  After  arrival,  they  were  attracted  to  the 
street  lights  until  the  air  looked  as  during  a  heavy  fog.  Many 
of  the  insects  died  at  each  light,  piling  up  to  a  depth  of  2-3 
inches.  The  temperature  was  high  (90°  F),  with  no  wind 
movement.  The  breeding  place  of  these  migrating  individuals 
is  unknown  to  me. 

Flights  of  Corixids  have  been  recorded  before  but  the  inter- 
esting thing  concerning  this  flight  is  the  distance  apparently 
traveled.  At  this  season  no  lakes  or  streams  containing  water 
are  close.  The  Sacramento  River  with  its  sloughs  is  over  ten 
miles  away  in  an  air  line.  No  other  such  flight  has  been 
observed  during  my  nine  years  of  residence  here. — GEORGE  H. 
VANSELL. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  271 

Noctuidae  of  Northern  Georgia  and  Tennessee 

(Lepidoptera). 

By  A.  GLENN  RICHARDS,  JR. 

(Continued  from  page  252.) 
SUBFAMILY  SARROTHRIPINAE. 

CHARACOMA  NILOTICA  Rogenh.  Common  July-Aug. ;  Mon- 
teagle  rather  common  June-Sept.,  one  26-X-30.  Two 
specimens  of  a  variant  of  this  protean  species  were  taken 
at  Monteagle  (16-VII-30  &  l-IX-29)  which  is  not  men- 
tioned by  Hampson  among  his  f'abs.".  They  each  have 
rather  uniform  gray  wings  with  two  longitudinal  black 
streaks  extending  the  length  of  the  wing  (now  in  Cornell 
Coll.  &  U.  S.  N.  M.). 

SARROTHRIPS  REVAYANA  LINTNERANA  Speyer.  29-V-28; 
Monteagle  in  June. 

BAILEYA  OPHTHALMICA  Gn.  (dornitans  Gn.  &  levitans  Sm. 
seem  best  placed  as  synonyms  of  this  since  the  superficial 
characters  intergrade  hopelessly  and  the  genitalia  offer  no 
characters;  I  am  not  familiar  with  oust  rails  Grt.,  but  the 
figures  indicate  that  it  belongs  in  this  species  also.)  Mon- 
teagle, common  in  June,  uncommon  in  July. 

SUBFAMILY  CATOCALINAE. 

*EUPARTHENOS  NUBiLis  Hbn.  Aug.  '28  (only  specimen)  ; 
Monteagle  June-Aug.  One  variant  from  Monteagle 
(13-VI-30)  has  only  half  the  usual  amount  of  yellow  on 
the  hind  wing  (now  in  U.  S.  N.  M.). 

ALLOTRIA  ELONYMPHA  Hbn.  14-VI-26,  rare ;  Monteagle 
rather  common  in  Sept. 

PARALLELIA  BISTRIARIS  Hbn.     Common  June-Aug. 

CAENURGIA  CONVALESCENS  Gn.  Common  March,  June  & 
Aug. ;  Monteagle  rather  common  in  late  Aug. 

C.  CRASSIUSCULA  Haw.  Common  at  Athens  &  Monteagle 
May-Sept. 

PELAMIA  LATTPES  Gn.  Rather  common  Aug. -Oct. ;  Mont- 
eagle 11-V-30&9-IX-29. 

PHURYS  LIMA  Gn.     Early  April-June,  rare. 

P.  BISTRIGATA  Hbn.     June  &  Aug.,  rare. 

CELIPTERA  FRUSTULUM  Gn.  July-Aug.,  common;  Mont- 
eagle April  &  Aug. 

ARGYROSTROTIS  ANILIS  Dru.  May-June;  Monteagle  Aug.- 
Sept. ;  rare. 

ZALE  LUNATA  Dru.  June-July;  Monteagle  May  &  Sept., 
rather  common. 


272  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

Z.  UNDULARIS  Dru.    June  '29;  Lake  Rabun,  Ga.,  ll-VII-26. 

Z.  LUNIFERA  Hbn.     April-Sept. 

fZ.  BETHUNEI  Sm.     Monteagle    $    23-VI-30   (now  in  U.   S. 
N.  M.). 

Z.  OBLIQUA  Gn.     5  &  6-V-27;  Monteagle  29-YI-30. 
fZ.  CINGULIFERA  Wlk.    8-IV-29. 
fZ.  HORRIDA  Hbn.     Monteagle  12-VII-30. 

SUBFAMILY  PANTHEINAE. 
fCoLOCAsiA  PROPINQUILIXEA  Grt.     Monteagle  20-IV-30. 

SUBFAMILY  PLUSIINAE. 

AUTOGRAPHA  FALCiFERA  Kirby.     ]une-Aug. 
*fA.  EGENA  Gn.     17-VI-28  &  6-VIII-28. 
A.  VERRUCA  Fabr.     July-Aug.,  common. 
A.  BRASSICAE  Riley.     June-Sept,  very  common  ;   Monteagle 

same. 
A.  BASIGERA  Wlk.     Aug.  -Sept.,  rather  common  ;  Monteagle 

4-IX-29. 
A.    OXYGRAMMA    Geyer.      Common     July-Aug.;    Monteagle 

31-VIII-29. 
A.  BILOBA  Steph.     May  &  June,  rather  common  ;  Monteagle 

20-  VI  1-30. 
A.  oo  Cram.   (=  :  ROGATIOXIS  Gn.).     Rather  common   July- 

Oct. 
A.  PRECATIONIS  Gn.    Odd  specimens  in  March,  Aug.  &  Oct.  ; 

Monteagle  July-Oct.,  not  common. 

A.  ou  Gn.    Common  April-Sept.  ;  Monteagle  June-July,  rare. 
AEREA  Hbn.     One  specimen  at  Athens  without  date. 


SUBFAMILY  EREBINAE. 

RAPHIS    ABRUPTA    Grt.      April    &    Aug.,    very    uncommon; 

Monteagle  rare  in  June  &  July. 
MELIPOTIS  JUCUNDA  Hbn.     July-Aug.,  rare. 
fSYNEDA  LIMOLARIS  Geyer.     Monteagle  9-X-30. 
PHOBERIA  ATOMARIS  Hbn.    26-IV-27  ;    Monteagle  17-1  Y-30. 
PANAPODA  RUFIMARGO  Hbn.     Uncommon  in  April. 
P.  R.  f.  CARNEICOSTA  Gn.    April  &  July,  this  is  the  common 

form  here  ;  Monteagle  June-July.    Many  intermediates,  and 

several  in  which  the  discal  spot  on  the  fore  wing  is  some- 

what suffused. 
ANTICARSIA  GEMMATILIS  Hbn.     Sept.  -Oct.,  common  in  some 

seasons. 

fANTIBLEMMA   INEXACTA   Wlk.        9      18-V-29. 

STRENOLOMA  LUNILINEA  Grt.     May  &  June,  rare;  one  near 
Monteagle  ll-V-30. 


xlii,     '31  |  KNTOMOLOGICAI.    .\K\VS 

BENDIS  (-  TRAM  A)  DETRAHEXS  \\'lk.  April-May,  not  com- 
mon. 

fEREBUs  ODORA  L.     One  in  May  '27. 
*CALPE  CANADENSIS  Beth.     Smithsburg,   Md.     7  &  8-VT-21 

(F.  M.  Brown). 
fScoLioPTERvx    ui'.ATRix   L.      ( )ne   specimen   at   Athens,   no 

date. 
PLUSIODONTA  COMPRESSIPALPJS  Gn.     June-July,  common  in 

some  seasons. 
*fHYPSOROpHA  MONILIS  Fabr.      9    18-TV-27;     Monteagle    $ 

17-1 V-30  (fresh). 
H.  IIORMOS  Hbn.     April-Aug. ;  Monteagle  June  &  July,  not 

uncommon. 

ALABAMA  ARGILLACEA  Hbn.     Very  abundant. 
ANOMIS  EROSA  Hbn.     June-Oct.,  rather  common. 

SUBFAMILY  HYPENINAE. 

SCOLECOCAMPA  LiBURXA  Gever.     July-Aug..  uncommon. 

GABARA  (-  •  EUCALYPTRA)  sps.  Monteagle  in  June  &  July, 
and  Catoosa  Co.,  Ga.,  in  late  Aug.  Several  species  in- 
cluding bipuncta  Morr. 

ISOGONA  NATATRIX  Gn.     Rare  in  April  &  May. 

PHIPROSOPUS  CALLITRICHOIDES  Grt.  Uncommon  in  April  & 
May  ;  one  very  dark,  grey-l)rown  specimen  with  the  mark- 
ing indistinct  6-V-29  (now  in  U.  S.  N.  M.). 
*fPARAHYPENODES  QUADRALis  B.  &  McD.  Lake  Rabun,  Ga. 
(in  the  mountains)  13-VII-27.  Described  recently  from 
Canada,  and  1  have  seen  specimens  from  New  York  and 
New  Hampshire,  but  never  further  south.  It  is  a  rare  in- 
sect, easily  overlooked,  but  seemingly  should  be  found  all 
along  the  Alleghany  chain. 

*fDlALLAGMA  LATIORELLA  Wlk.    (=  :    LUTEA    Sm.)    9-VIII-29   & 

3-IX-29.     "Known  only   from   Florida"   ( Grossbeck's  state 

list). 

PLEONECTYPTERA  PVRALIS  Hbn.    June-Aug.,  uncommon. 
P.  P.  f.  GEOMETRALIS  Grt.    March  &  April,  uncommon.    (  )ne 

specimen  intermediate  to  these  types  2-VII-29. 
fP.  HISTORIALIS  Grt.     22  &  24-IV-29. 
PHYTOMETRA   SEMIPURPUREA    Wlk.      May,   rare;    Monteagle 

April,  June  &   Sept.,   rare. 

fHoRMOSCHISTA        LATJPALP1S        \\'lk.         (=        PAGENSTECHERI 

Moesch. ) .     3-IX-28 ;  Monteagle  2-1  X-29. 
fOxYCiLLA  MALAGA  Grt.     Monteagle  21-VII-30. 
*fO.  MITOGRAPHA  Grt.      ll-VI-29.     The  types  were  taken  in 
Central    Alabama   in   August,   and   described   in    1873.      I 


274  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

know  of  no  others  having  been  taken  since  (this  specimen 
has  been  deposited  in  the  U.  S.  N.  M.). 

PHALAENOSTOLA  LARENTIOIDES  Grt.  Rare  in  Sept. ;  Mont- 
eagle  15-VI-30  (2). 

PANGRAPTA  DECORALIS  Hbn.  Uncommon  May  &  June; 
Monteagle  very  common  in  woods  June-Aug. 

fSPARGALOMA    PERDITALIS    Wlk.       Monteagle    15-VI-30. 

•J-DYSPYRALIS   NIGELLUS  Stkr.     9-VIII-29. 
METALECTRA  DISCALIS  Grt.     Rather  common  in  July ;  Mont- 
eagle in  June. 

M.    QUADRISIGNATA    Wlk.     (=    CONTRACTA    Wlk.).       April    & 

June ;  Monteagle  June  &  Aug.,  not  common. 

M.  TANTILLUS  Grt.     May-Aug.,  uncommon. 

M.  MONODIA  Dyar  (synonym  of  TANTILLUS  ??)  May-July, 
uncommon. 

EPIZEUXIS  AMERICALIS  Gn.  April,  July  &  Aug.  (only  three 
specimens). 

E.  AEMULA  Hbn.    21-VI-28;    Monteagle  common  June-Aug. 

E.  ROTUNDALIS  Wlk.  29-V-29 ;  Monteagle  common  June- 
Sept. 

E.  LUBRICALIS  Geyer.     Athens  &  Monteagle  June-Sept. 
fE.  MAJORALIS  Sm.     Monteagle  10-VI-30. 

ZANCLOGNATHA  LITURALIS  Hbn.  Lake  Rabun,  Ga.  10-VII- 
28;  Monteagle  14-VI-30. 

Z.  CRURALIS  Gn.     27-V-28. 

Z.  JACCHUSALIS  Wlk.   (  —  MARCIDILINEA  Grt.).     Monteagle 

rare  in  July  &  Sept. 

*fCHYTOLiTA  MORBIDALIS  Gn.     Monteagle  6-VI-30. 
*fC.    PETREALIS   Grt.      Monteagle   28-VI-30,    and   the   spotted 
form  25  &  28-VI-30. 

RENIA  SALUSALIS  Wlk.  May-Aug. ;  Monteagle  common 
June-Sept. 

R.  DISCOLORALIS  Gn.  May-June ;  Monteagle  common  June- 
Aug. 

R.  FLAVIPUNCTALIS  Geyer.  Lake  Rabun,  Ga.  12-VII-27; 
Monteagle  June-Aug. 

R.  SOBRIALIS  Wlk.     Monteagle  6  &  8-VI-30. 

BLEPTINA  CARADRINALIS  Gn.  May-July;  Monteagle  April- 
Aug.,  common. 

B.  INFERIOR  Grt.     Rare  in  Sept. 

*B.  SANGAMONIA  B.  &  McD.  Known  only  from  the  holotype 
$  taken  at  Decatur,  Illinois  (May  8-15)  and  one  other 
specimen  also  in  the  Barnes  collection.  Monteagle 
24-VI-30  and  a  series  of  nearly  40  specimens  late  July- 
middle  Aug.,  1931.  Entire  series  compared  with  type  by 
author. 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  275 

TETANOLITA  MYNKSALIS  Wlk.    July-Sept. ;  Lake  Rabun,  Ga., 

24-VI-28;  Monteagle  June-Aug.  common. 
T.  FLORIDANA  Sm.  18-VIII-29  &  8-IX-29. 
PHALAENOPHANA  PYRAMUSALIS  Wlk.  Uncommon  April  & 

May;  Lake  Rabun,  Ga.,  24-VII-28;  Monteagle  April-July. 
LASCORIA  AMBIGUALIS  Wlk.     5-IV-29,   18-VII-28,  common 

Aug. -Sept. 
PALTHIS    ANGULALIS    Hbn.      Rather    common    April-Sept. ; 

Monteagle  June-Sept. 
P.  ASOPIALIS  Gn.     12-VIII-28  &  8-X-29;  Lake  Rabun,  Ga., 

4-VII-28. 
fDERCETis  VITREA  Grt.    One  at  Athens,  no  date. 

fSALIA    INTERPUNCTA    Grt.       24-VI-29. 

BOMOLOCHA  BALTIMORALIS  Gn.     Common  in  April. 
fB.   PALPARIA  Wrlk.    (=   SCUTELLARIS  Grt.)    6-IV-29  &  27- 

VII-29. 

B.  ABALINEALIS  Wlk.     April-Sept.,  rather  common. 
B.  DECEPTALIS  Wlk.     6-VIII-29 ;  Monteagle  24-VI-30. 
B.    MADEFACTALIS    Gn.      Common    April-Aug. ;    Monteagle 

31-VII-30. 
tB.  SORDIDULA  Grt.     Monteagle  5-VIII-30. 

fANEPISCHETOS    MINUALIS    Gn.       ("BOMOLOCHA   CITATA    Grt." 

of  B.  &  McD.  list)  22-VII-29  &  9-IX-28. 
PLATHYPENA  SCABER  Fabr.  Athens  &  Monteagle,  common 

April-Sept. 

*f  An  unknown  Hypenid  apparently  representing  a  new  species 
and  new  genus  taken  at  Athens.  It  looks  like  a  small 
EPIZEUXIS  species,  but  has  no  areole.  (This  specimen 
also  has  been  deposited  in  the  U.  S.  N.  M.). 

ARCTIIDAE. 

SUBFAMILY  NOLINAE. 
CELAMA  TRIQUETRANA  Fitch.     Monteagle  common  in  April. 

SUBFAMILY  ARCTIINAE. 
*fHALisiDOTA  LONGA  Grt.     3-IX-28    (now   in  Cornell   Coll.). 

"Known  only  from  Florida"    (Grossbeck's  state  list). 
fEuBAPHE  LAETA  Guer.     14-VI-26. 
•j-E.  OPELLA  Grt.     3-VIII-26. 

NOTODONTIDAE. 

HETEROCAMPA  SUBROTATA  Harv.     Rare  in  Sept. 
H.  BILINEATA  EXSANGuis  Dyar.     Aug.-Sept.,   Monteagle  in 
July. 


276  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

LASIOCAMPIDAE. 

ARTACE  PUNCTISTRIGA  Wlk.     Several  at  Athens  and  Mont- 
eagle  in  June,  rare. 

MALACOSOMA  AMERICANA  Fabr.     Rare  at  Athens. 
•J-HETEROPACHA   RILEYANA   Harv.     7-IV-29,   9- VI 1-28   &    1- 
VIII-29. 

DREPANIDAE. 

*fORETA  ROSEA  Wlk.     Monteagle  4-IX-29  (now  in  U.  S.  N. 

M.). 

LACOSOMIDAE. 

fLACosoMA  CHIRIDOTA  Grt.     1    $    &  10    9  9    at  Monteagle 
in  June  '30. 

GEOMETRIDAE. 

fExELis  PYROLARIA  Gn.     Monteagle  9,  25,  28-VIII-30. 

PYRALIDAE. 

DIAPHANIA  SIBILLALIS  Wlk.     Quite  common  late  July-Aug. 

in  some  seasons. 

*fCRAMBus  BIDENS  Zeller.     Monteagle  15-VI-30  (2)   (now  in 
Cornell  Coll.  &  U.  S.  N.  M.). 


The  Nymph  of  Enallagma  basidens  Calvert 
(Odonata :  Agrionidae). 

R.  D.  BIRD,  Dept.  of  Zoology, University  of  Oklahoma, 
Norman,  Oklahoma. 

Enallagma  basidens  Calvert  occurs  commonly  in  Oklahoma. 
As  its  nymph  appears  to  be  undescribed  (Byers  '28)*  the  fol- 
lowing description  has  been  drawn  up  from  a  number  of  reared 
specimens. 

Color:  buff  or  greenish. 

Head:  caudo-lateral  angles  hemispherical  as  in  figure,  with 
small  inconspicuous  setae.  Antennae  6-segmented,  the  first  two 
segments  dark  except  distal  third  of  the  second,  second  slightly 
shorter,  third  the  longest,  fourth  shorter,  fifth  and  sixth  still 
shorter  and  equal.  Labium  extending  caudad  of  procoxae,  with 
two  mental  setae  and  five  laterals  as  is  shown  in  the  figure. 

Thorax:  legs  lighter  in  color  except  dark  ring  on  each  femur 
and  tibia  a  short  distance  from  their  articulation  which  is  also 
dark.  A  few  short  black  dashes  along  the  outer  side  of  each 

*  BYERS,  C.  FRANCIS — The  unknown  nymphs  of  N.  A.  Odonata.  Can. 
Ent.  60  :4-6,  1928. 


xlii.     'ol  |  KNTOMOl.OliU  AL    NKWS  277 

tibia.     Metathoracic  wing  ruses  reach  to  end  of  third  abdominal 
segment. 

Abdomen:  gradually  tapering,  nonsetaceous,  covered  with 
numerous  black  spots  giving  a  freckled  appearance.  Gills  as  in 
figure  with  five  transverse  black  bands  on  the  apical  half. 
Sometimes  a  slight  development  of  a  sixth  band. 


Measurements  of  nuiturc  nymphs:  length,  18  mm.;  length  of 
abdomen,  11  mm.;  length  of  gills,  5.75  mm.;  width  of  gills, 
1.05  mm.;  length  of  metathoracic  wing-cases,  3.5  mm.;  length 
of  mentum,  4  mm. 

Habitat:  the  nymphs  have  been  found  in  clear,  small,  spring- 
fed  streams  with  rocky  or  sandy  bottoms.  They  crawl  about 
watercress  or  other  plants  where  there  is  a  gentle  current  of 
water. 

Note  on  Odynerus  bermudensis,  with  a  Description 
of  the  Male  (Hymenoptera:  Vespidae). 

By  J.  BEQUAERT,  Harvard  Medical  School, 
Boston,   Massachusetts. 

Odynerus  (Stenodynerus)  bermudensis  J.  Bequaert  was 
described  in  the  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Amer- 
ica for  1929  (vol.  XXII,  p.  578).  It  is  thus  far  the  only  truly 
indigenous  diplopterous  wasp  known  from  the  Bermudas.  A 


278  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

pair  of  this  species  has  recently  been  found  in  the  collections 
of  the  United  States  National   Museum. 

Male    (undescribed). — Length    (h.+th.+t.    1+2):   5.5   mm. 

Agrees  structurally  with  the  female,  except  as  follows :  Head, 
seen  in  front,  subcircular,  not  higher  than  wide.  Cheeks  nar- 
rower in  their  upper  half,  where  they  are  much  narrower  than 
the  upper  part  of  the  eye  in  profile.  Inner  orbits  nearly  twice 
as  far  apart  on  the  vertex  as  at  the  clypeus.  Interocellar  de- 
pression not  more  pronounced  than  in  the  female.  Clypeus 
wider  than  long,  in  outline  irregularly  pentagonal,  the  base 
being  twice  as  long  as  each  of  the  upper  sides,  the  upper  and 
lower  sides  nearly  equal ;  its  anterior,  free  portion  about  as 
long  as  the  upper,  interocular  part ;  its  truncate  apex  about  one- 
fifth  of  the  maximum  width  of  the  clypeus,  with  a  deep,  even 
inward  curve,  preceded  by  a  slightly  depressed  area ;  its  apical 
angles  well  marked,  but  bluntly  rounded  off  and  not  raised. 
Antenna  elongate ;  flagellum  over  three  times  the  length  of  the 
scape;  third  antennal  segment  one  and  one-third  times  the  length 
of  the  fourth ;  fourth  to  ninth  subequal  and  distinctly  longer 
than  wide ;  tenth  about  as  wide  as  long ;  eleventh  longer  than 
wide,  slightly  excavated  on  the  under  side ;  twelfth  small,  longer 
than  wide,  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  eleventh;  thirteenth 
(hook)  moderately  thick,  about  the  length  of  the  eleventh, 
scarcely  curved,  slightly  and  very  gradually  narrowed  to  the 
blunt  and  somewhat  flattened  apex,  which  reaches  the  tip  of 
the  tenth  segment.  Abdomen  more  slender  than  in  the  female. 

Sculpture  as  in  the  female ;  but  the  clypeus  with  the  punc- 
tures larger  and  more  evenly  distributed  and  with  the  irregular 
striation  barely  indicated. 

Black.  Most  of  the  upper  side  of  scape,  tip  of  mandibles, 
most  of  the  legs  (except  the  tibiae),  most  of  the  propodeum, 
and  nearly  the  entire  first  abdominal  segment,  ferruginous  to 
red.  Clypeus,  most  of  the  mandibles,  broad  under  side  of  scape, 
interantennal  ridge,  most  of  the  ocular  sinuses  (extending 
downward  along  the  inner  orbits),  an  elongate  spot  on  the 
upper  half  of  the  outer  orbit,  a  transverse  spot  on  each  side  of 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  pronotum  (more  or  less  divided  by  a 
ferruginous  blotch),  postscutellum,  most  of  the  upper  plate  of 
the  mesepisternum,  tegulae  (except  the  ferruginous  center), 
post-tegulae,  tibiae  (somewhat  ferruginous  on  the  underside), 
hind  margins  of  first  and  second  segments  as  in  the  female, 
small  lateral  free  spots  on  the  second  tergite  (sufifused  with 
ferruginous  along  the  edges),  narrow  hind  margin  of  fourth 
tergite,  and  traces  of  a  margin  on  fifth  tergite,  pale  sulphur 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  279 

yellow.     Wings  as  in  the  female,  slightly  and  fairly  uniformly 
smoky  throughout,  with  a  faint  purplish  tinge. 

Allotypc.—  Bermuda,  May  13,  1909  (F.  M.  Jones.— U.  S. 
N.  M.)'. 

Since  the  female  holotype  was  stylopized,  it  is  interesting  to 
compare  it  with  a  second  female,  not  parasitized,  obtained  by 
Mr.  F.  M.  Jones  on  May  10,  1909.  After  a  careful  compari- 
son I  am  unable  to  find  any  differences  in  structure  or  sculpture 
between  these  two  specimens.  There  are,  however,  a  few  differ- 
ences in  color.  Mr.  Jones'  insect  is  in  some  respects  more  like 
the  male  described  above,  since  it  has  a  distinct  yellow  apical 
margin  on  the  fourth  tergite  (traces  of  this  may  be  seen  on 
the  holotype).  The  lateral  yellow  spots  on  the  second  tergite 
are  large  and  only  slightly  bordered  with  ferruginous.  The 
clypeus  is  black,  with  two  rather  indistinct  ferruginous  blotches 
on  the  basal  third.  The  propodeum  is  blotched  with  ferruginous 
on  the  sides.  This  second  female  measures  6  mm.  only,  from 
the  frons  to  the  apex  of  the  second  tergite. 

It  seems  improbable  that  the  slight  differences  in  color  ex- 
hibited by  the  holotype  were  due  to  stylopization,  unless  perhaps 
the  extension  of  the  yellow  over  the  basal  third  of  the  clypeus 
might  be  attributed  to  the  action  of  the  parasite. 


Catopsilia  philea  in  Pennsylvania.   (Lepid.:  Pieridae). 

In  the  July  1931  number  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  Mr. 
Haskin,  of  Waterford,  Connecticut,  states  that  he  captured  a 
specimen  of  Catopsilia  pliilca  in  that  State  on  August  26,  1930. 
Evidently  philea  wandered  out  of  bounds  that  year  for  the 
writer  took  one  specimen  in  front  of  the  zoology  building  of 
the  Pennsylvania  State  College,  State  College,  Pennsylvania, 
on  August  8,  1930.  The  specimen  flew  around  the  gladiolus 
flowers  avoiding  the  red  and  darkly-colored  blossoms  but  alight- 
ing on  all  the  yellow  and  orange  ones.  The  writer  watched  the 
specimen  for  over  an  hour  before  capturing  it.  Some  other 
species  of  this  group  when  they  are  seen  far  from  their  natural 
habitat  are  most  elusive,  stopping  only  a  short  time,  and  then 
flying  on.  This  specimen,  however,  was  in  no  hurry  and 
seemed  more  like  a  resident  than  a  migrant.  It  would  be  in- 
teresting to  know  just  what  factors  were  instrumental  in  the 
dispersion  of  this  species  during  1930. — HARRISON  M.  TIETZ, 
Dept.  Zoology  and  Entomology,  Pennsylvania  State  College. 


280  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

New  Texas  Sarcophaginae  (Diptera:  Calliphoridae). 

By  DAVID  G.  HALL/  Bureau  of  Entomology,-  Charleston,  S.  C. 

Among  a  large  number  of  Sarcophaginae  from  Texas  sent 
to  the  author  for  determination  during  the  past  few  years  were 
the  four  species  described  below. 

Most  of  these  flies  were  collected  in  ecological  traps  set  for 
the  screw-worm  fly  CochHoinyia  inaccllaria  Fab.  Specimens 
obtained  in  such  traps  are  usually  rubbed  and  in  general  poor 
condition.  Numerous  specimens  of  the  species  herein  described 
were  not  saved,  and  the  actual  abundance  of  the  species  is  not 
shown  in  the  type  series. 

Comasarcophaga3  n.  gen. 

Black  medium  sized  species  with  the  usual  Sarcophagid  ap- 
pearance. 

Male. — Head  length  at  antennae  and  vibrissae  about  equal ; 
vibrissae  above  the  oral  margin  and  slightly  approximated  ;  para- 
f  rentals  with  numerous  small  irregular  scattered  hairs ;  antennae 
and  palpi  red ;  second  antennal  joint  bright  red,  third  joint 
darkened  above ;  arista  with  very  short  pubsecence  at  base  only, 
not  longer  than  diameter  of  arista.  Chaetotaxy  as  in  following 
description. 

This  genus  shows  closest  affinities  to  the  Agria-H'ypopelta 
group,  but  can  be  instantly  separated  from  these  by  the  nearly 
bare  arista,  which  appears  in  Brachycoma,  Ncopliyto  and 
Ainobia.  The  head  shape  of  these  is  entirely  different  from 
that  of  the  genus  herein  described. 

Genotype  and  sole  species,  tc.nina,  new. 

Comasarcophaga  texana,   n.   sp. 

Male.  (Fig.  1) — Front  0.376  of  head  width  (average  of 
four  specimens  which  measured  respectively  0.412,  0.366,  0.333, 
and  0.396;  paraf rentals  and  parafacials  silvery  gray  pollinose, 

1  Thanks  are  due  and  herewith  gratefully  given  to  Mr.  E.  W.  Laake, 
Mr.  E.  C.  Gushing,  Mr.  A.  E.  Parish,  and  Mr.  E.  F.  Knipling,  who 
have  made  the  trap  collections  at  Menard,  Texas;  to  Mr.  H.  J.  Reinhard, 
who  sent  me  his  series  of  Comasarcophaga  texana,  new  genus  and  species, 
for  study  and  description;  and  to  Mr.  R.  A.  Roberts,  who  sent  a  collec- 
tion of  reared  Sarcophaga  from  Mexico  and  southern  Texas  for  deter- 
mination. 

2  Contribution  from  the  Division  of  Insects  Affecting  Man  and  Animals. 

3  KG/A?;,   hair;  oapKO  <£ayos;  flesh  devouring. 


xlii,  '31] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


281 


the  former  with  the  usual  row  of  slight  hairs  below  near  eye ; 
the  parafacials  with  numerous  slight  hairs  over  the  entire  sur- 
face ;  frontal  bristles  about  eight,  diverging  sharply  below  to 
about  the  middle  of  the  second  antennal  joint;  antennae  red; 
third  segment  darkened  apicnlly  and  above;  arista  with  ex- 


Fig.  1 


Fig.  2 


S-Scele 


Fig.  3 


Fig.  4 


tremely  short  hairs,  almost  microscopic;  third  segment  about 
two  and  one-half  times  second,  reaching  almost  to  the  vibrissae 
which  are  approximated  and  above  the  oral  margin;  palpi  yel- 
low, proboscis  black,  both  normal;  bucca  about  one-third  the 
eye  height;  postocular  bristles  in  three  rows;  around  the  middle 


282  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

and  below  with  numerous  pale  yellow  hairs ;  outer  verticals  not 
differentiated. 

Thorax  with  the  usual  three  to  five  black  stripes ;  anterior 
dorsocentrals  two,  postsutural  dorsocentrals  four,  prescutellars 
slight,  sternopleurals  two,  scutellum  with  two  marginals,  one 
subapical  and  one  apical. 

Abdomen  with  the  usual  grey  tessellation  ;  median  marginal 
and  lateral  bristles  on  the  second  and  third  segments,  fourth 
with  a  marginal  row  of  about  18;  fifth  sternite  composed  of 
two  slightly  divering  yellow  arms,  the  anterior  and  inside  edges 
covered  with  a  brush  thickly  set  with  small  black  setae  which 
grow  longer  posteriorly. 

Hypopygium  small,  first  segment  red,  slightly  gray  pollinose 
with  a  marginal  row  of  about  eight  long  bristles ;  second  seg- 
ment shining  red ;  forceps  reddish  at  base,  black  at  tips,  gradu- 
ally curving  anteriorly  into  sharp  points,  divergent  in  rear 
view ;  accessory  plate  small,  yellow ;  posterior  clasper  short, 
black,  hooked  at  tip  with  a  short  seta  on  anterior  edge  just 
before  hook;  anterior  clasper  black,  strongly  hooked  anteriorly; 
penis  evidently  composed  of  two  segments,  the  first  joint  hidden 
and  short,  the  second  yellow,  ending  in  several  black  processes. 

Wings  hyaline ;  costal  spine  rather  large ;  third  costal  seg- 
ment about  equal  to  fifth  and  sixth;  first  vein  bare,  third  with 
setulae  almost  to  cross  vein  ;  legs  black,  middle  tibia  with  two 
anterodorsal  bristles,  middle  femur  with  comb,  both  middle  and 
hind  tibiae  with  long  villosity. 

Female.— Front  0.475  of  head  width  in  single  specimen  ;  like 
male  in  chaetotaxy,  except  a  small  third  sternopleural,  fairly 
large  prescutellars,  no  apicals  on  scutellum,  no  median  marginals 
on  second  abdominal  segment,  a  small  third  anterodorsal  bristle 
on  the  middle  tibia,  and  usual  female  differences ;  genital  seg- 
ments reddish ;  two  main  lateral  plates,  cleft  dorsocentrally. 
pointed  posteriorly,  the  ventral  edge  with  a  row  of  bristles,  the 
spiracle  located  one-third  closer  to  the  ventral  than  to  the 
dorsal  edge;  fifth  and  sixth  sternites  elongated  with  numerous 
black  hairs. 

Types. — Fifteen  male  and  one  female  specimens  collected  as 
follows:  one  male,  October  1,  1921  ;  four  males,  April  27,  1929, 
two  males,  April  26,  1929,  one  male  and  one  female  April  30, 
1929,  College  Station,  TEXAS  (H.  J.  Reinhard)  ;  one  male,  June 
13,  1908,  Cotulla,  TEXAS  (in  cotton  fields)  (E.  S.  Tucker)  ; 
one  male,  June  11,  1904,  Victoria,  Texas  (Pratt);  one  male, 
June  19,  1905  (A.  C.  Morgan)  ;  one  male,  June  1,  1917, 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  283 

Helotes,  Bexas  County,  TEXAS;  one  male,  June  25,  1929, 
Coachella,  CALIFORNIA  (in  trap  baited  with  decaying  liver) 
(Hall)  ;  two  males,  June.  1929.  Menard,  TEXAS  (from  traps 
baited  with  decaying  meat)  (  E.  C.  dishing). 

Holotypc  and  Allotype  from  College  Station,  TEXAS,  in  U.  S. 
National  Museum.  Two  paralyses  in  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
and  four  each  in  the  American  Museum  of  Xatural  History,  in 
collections  of  H.  J.  Reinhard  and  the  author. 

Sarcophaga  semimarginalis,  n.  sp. 

Male.  (Fig.  2) — Front,  0.215  of  head  width;  parafrontals 
and  parafacials  silvery  gray  pollinose,  the  latter  with  the  usual 
row  of  minute  hairs  below  near  eye ;  frontal  bristles  about  1 1 
in  number,  reaching  to  about  the  middle  of  the  second  antennal 
joint  and  widely  diverging  in  the  lower  two  or  three;  orbitals 
and  outer  verticals  absent;  antennae  black,  third  joint  hardly 
twice  the  length  of  the  second,  and  reaching  four-fifths  the 
distance  to  the  vibrissae,  which  are  approximated  and  above 
the  oral  margin  somewhat  less  than  the  length  of  the  second 
antennal  joint;  arista  with  rather  short  plumosity  for  three- 
fifths  its  length;  palpi  and  proboscis  black,  ordinary;  bucca  one- 
fourth  the  eye  height,  black,  thinly  whitish  pollinose,  with  only 
black  hair  before  the  metacephalic  suture ;  back  of  head  with 
three  rows  of  postocular  cilia,  and  with  pale  hair  around  the 
middle  and  below. 

Thorax  with  the  usual  three  to  five  black  stripes ;  anterior 
acrostichals  absent,  prescutellars  one,  anterior  dorsocentrals 
three,  postsutural  dorsocentrals  four,  sternopleurals  three, 
scutellum  with  two  marginals,  one  subapical  and  one  apical. 

Abdomen  tessellated,  three  shifting  black  stripes,  somewhat 
golden  pollinose  in  certain  lights ;  first  and  second  segments 
with  lateral  bristles  only;  third  with  a  median  marginal  pair; 
fourth  segment  red  and  with  a  submarginal  row  of  approxi- 
mately 16  bristles,  the  two  median  ones  being  about  one- fourth 
the  total  length  of  the  visible  segment  in  front  of  the  margin, 
the  others  gradually  becoming  marginal  laterally  and  below. 
Fifth  sternite  reddish,  divided,  the  two  arms  diverging  "\""-like, 
the  inside  margins  covered  with  numerous  hairs. 

Terminalia  quite  small,  red  ;  first  segment  dark  basally,  with 
numerous  black  hairs,  none  bristly  ;  .second  segment  with  numer- 
ous long  hairs,  globose,  forceps  black,  with  long  sinuating  teeth 
at  tips,  posteriorly  covered  with  long  curling  hair;  genital  parts 
as  figured. 

Wings  hyaline;  costal  spine  small;  third  costal  segment  about 


284  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

as  long  as  fifth ;  first  vein  bare,  third  with  setulae  about  half- 
way to  the  cross  vein ;  bend  in  fourth  vein  more  acute  than 
usual. 

Legs  black ;  middle  femur  with  comb ;  middle  tibia  with  one 
antero-dorsal  bristle ;  hind  tibia  with  long  sparse  villosity. 

Female. — Unknown. 

Related  to  the  species  Sarcophaga  subdiscalis  Aldrich,  Sar- 
cophaga  and  Allies,  1916,  p.  219,  fig.  104,  from  which  it  differs 
in  the  extension  of  red  on  the  fourth  abdominal  segment,  the 
much  shorter  bucca,  the  lack  of  red  or  brown  in  the  forceps 
and  in  the  shape  and  character  of  the  genital  parts. 

Described  from  two  male  specimens  trapped  at  Menard, 
TEXAS,  July  15-24,  1929  (Gushing),  and  July  11-21,  1930 
(Parish). 

Types: — Holotypc  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  Paratype 
in  the  author's  collection. 

Sarcophaga  pedunculata,  n.  sp. 

Male.  (Fig.  3) — Front,  0.271  of  head  width  (average  of 
three  specimens  0.272;  0.250;  0.292)  ;  paraf rentals  and  para- 
facials  yellowish  pollinose ;  the  former  with  a  row  of  minute 
hairs  below  near  the  eye,  several  rather  coarse ;  frontals  about 
10,  slightly  diverging  below  to  about  the  middle  of  the  second 
antennal  joint;  antennae  black,  third  joint  two  and  one-half 
times  the  length  of  the  second,  and  reaching  three-fourths  the 
distance  to  the  vibrissae,  which  are  normal  and  at  the  oral 
margin;  arista  with  long  plumosity  for  three-fifths  its  length; 
facial  ridges  with  short  strong  setae  one-third  the  distance 
from  the  vibrissae  to  the  base  of  the  antennae ;  outer  verticals 
absent ;  bucca  one-third  the  eye  height  and  with  abundant  black 
and  pale  hairs  before  the  metacephalic  suture ;  back  of  head 
with  two  rows  of  postocular  ciliae  and  with  numerous  pale  hairs 
around  the  middle  and  below. 

Thorax  with  the  usual  three-to-five  black  stripes ;  the  pleurae 
with  yellowish  cast ;  anterior  acrostichals  absent ;  anterior  dorso- 
centrals  two;  prescutellars  one,  posterior  dorsocentrals  four, 
sternopleurals  three.  Scutellum  with  two  marginals,  one  sub- 
apical  and  a  very  pronounced  patch  of  long  whitish  yellow  hair 
on  each  side  between  the  marginals. 

Abdomen  silvery  gray  pollinose,  tessellated,  with  three  shift- 
ing black  stripes ;  first  and  second  segments  with  lateral  bristles 
only ;  third  with  a  median  marginal  pair ;  fourth  reddish,  with 
a  marginal  row  of  about  twelve  bristles ;  the  second,  third,  and 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  285 

fourth  segments  with  long  hair  below,  increasing  in  abundance 
posteriorly.  Fifth  sternite  divided,  elongate,  reddish  brown, 
with  numerous  short  hairs. 

Hypopygium  red.  somewhat  pollinose ;  first  segment  red, 
short,  with  scattered  hairs ;  second  segment  red,  curiously  elon- 
gate, with  numerous  scattered  hairs ;  and  several  long  bristles 
above  on  the  hump;  genital  characteristics  as  figured. 

Legs  black,  middle  femur  with  comb ;  middle  tibia  with  one 
long  antero-dorsal  bristle ;  hind  tibia  without  villosity. 

Wings  hyaline;  no  costal  spine;  third  costal  segment  about 
as  long  as  the  fifth  and  sixth  together;  first  vein  bare;  third 
with  a  number  of  setulae. 

Female. — Chaetotaxy  as  in  male,  except  the  usual  female 
differences. 

This  species  is  unlike  any  previously  described.  It  belongs 
to  the  provisional  "H"  Group  and  the  genitalia  are  very  dis- 
tinctive. The  scutellar  patches  of  light  colored  hair  should 
make  it  readily  determinable  in  both  sexes. 

Described  from  100  males  and  females  reared  by  Mr.  R.  A. 
Roberts  at  Victoria,  TEXAS,  March,  1931  ;  three  males,  Browns- 
ville, Texas,  April  14.  1927  (T.  C.  Barber)  ;  one  male,  Reagan 
Wells,  Texas.  June  27,  1924  (E.  W.  Laake)  ;  and  one  male, 
Las  Parras,  BAJA  CALIFORNIA,  (W.  M.  Mann). 

Types; — Holotypc  and  allot  ype,  Victoria,  TEXAS,  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum.  Paratypes  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum 
and  in  the  collections  of  Mr.  R.  A.  Roberts,  Mr.  E.  W.  Laake, 
and  the  author. 

Sarcophaga  scelesta,  n.  sp. 

Male:  (Fig.  4) — Front  very  narrow,  0.237  of  headwidth 
(average  of  five  specimens  0.224;  0.200;  0.261 ;  0.250;  0.251)  ; 
parafrontals  and  parafacials  coarsely  dusted  with  whitish  yel- 
low pollen,  the  former  with  the  usual  row  of  minute  hairs 
below  near  eye;  frontal  bristles  about  11,  slightly  diverging 
belowr  to  about  the  middle  of  the  second  antenna!  joint ;  orbitals 
absent;  outer  verticals  distinct;  antennae  black,  third  joint 
twice  second,  reaching  three-fourths  the  distance  to  the  vibris- 
sae,  which  are  normal  and  at  the  oral  margin  ;  palpi  and  pro- 
boscis black,  ordinary;  arista  with  long  plumosity  for  over 
three-fifths  of  its  length;  bucca  about  one-fourth  the  eye  height, 
with  black  hair;  back  of  head  with  one  distinct  row  of  post- 
ocular  cilia  and  numerous  dark  hairs  around  the  middle  and 
below. 


286  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

Thorax  with  the  usual  three  to  five  black  stripes ;  anterior 
acrostichals  not  larger  than  surrounding  hairs ;  prescutellars 
rather  long ;  anterior  dorsocentrals  three,  postsutural  dorsocen- 
trals  four,  sternopleurals  three ;  scutellum  with  two  marginals, 
one  subapical  and  one  apical. 

Abdomen  with  three  changeable  black  stripes,  tessellated ; 
first  and  second  segments  with  lateral  bristles  only ;  third  with 
median  marginals;  fourth  with  a  marginal  row  of  about  18. 

Hypopygium  black,  very  small,  thinly  grayish  pollinose,  with 
scattered  hairs  ;  first  segment  with  a  posterior  row  of  about  six 
bristles ;  genital  characteristics  as  figured. 

Legs  black ;  middle  femur  with  a  short  comb ;  middle  tibia 
with  one  antero-dorsal  bristle ;  hind  tibia  without  villosity. 

Wings  hyaline ;  costal  spine  absent ;  third  costal  segment 
about  as  long  as  fifth;  first  vein  without  setae;  third  vein  hairy 
almost  to  the  cross-vein. 

Female  : — No  apicals  on  scutellum,  otherwise  as  in  male  ex- 
cept for  usual  female  differences. 

This  species  belongs  to  the  provisional  "G"  Group,  having 
the  genitalia  of  the  male  black,  four  posterior  dorsocentrals, 
and  the  hind  tibia  without  villosity.  It  differs  from  any 
described  species  known  to  the  author  in  the  genital  features. 

Described  from  a  male  selected  from  a  long  series  of  males 
trapped  during  the  fall  of  1929,  at  Menard,  TEXAS,  by  Mr. 
Laake  and  Mr.  Gushing ;  one  male,  Itaquaquecetuba,  Sao  Paulo, 
BRAZIL,  January  1929  (Townsend)  ;  one  male  and  one  female, 
Brownsville,  Texas  (Townsend)  ;  and  two  males  from  Sao 
Paulo,  Brazil,  sent  to  the  author  by  Dr.  R.  R.  Parker. 

Types: — Holotvpe  (Menard,  Tex.)  and  allotypc  (Browns- 
ville, Tex.)  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  Paratypes  in  the 
collections  of  Mr.  E.  W.  Laake,  Dr.  R.  R.  Parker,  and  the 
author. 


Rex  Research  Foundation. 

Intensification  of  man's  perpetual  warfare  on  his  insect 
enemies  is  forseen  as  the  result  of  the  establishment  in  Chi- 
cago of  the  Rex  Research  Foundation,  Chicago  Bank  of  Com- 
merce Building. 

The  Foundation  is  an  expansion  of  the  Rex  Research  Fel- 
lowship created  sixteen  years  ago  at  Mellon  Institute  of  In- 
dustrial Research,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  by  F.  O.  Moburg,  of  Toledo, 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  287 

Ohio.  Dr.  O.  F.  Hedenburg,  who  has  headed  the  work  of  the 
Fellowship  from  the  beginning,  now  becomes  director  of  the 
Foundation. 

One  of  the  principal  objectives  of  the  Foundation,  outside  of 
research,  will  be  a  program  of  public  education  intended  to 
show  the  necessity  of  continued  warfare  against  flies  and  other 
insect  pests  that  yearly  claim  thousands  of  lives  in  the  United 
States  by  spreading  communicable  diseases.  In  many  sections, 
largely  due  to  the  warm,  moist  weather,  and  the  fact  that  the 
public  has  become  indifferent  in  its  fight  on  the  fly,  the  numbers 
have  increased.  With  the  cooperation  of  health  authorities,  the 
Foundation  proposes  to  teach  the  public  the  perils  that  lurk  in 
the  visits  of  insect  pests  to  the  household,  and  to  show  the  steps 
to  be  taken  to  prevent  the  spread  of  disease  through  these 
carriers. 

"Swat  the  fly"  campaigns  kill  the  fly  but  leave  the  germs  it 
carries  to  spread  disease.  In  their  place  the  Foundation  seeks 
to  launch  a  "chemical  warfare"  that  will  effectively  rid  the 
household  of  the  fly  and  also  the  germs. 

E.  G.  HORST,  Secretary. 

A  Night-Flying  Butterfly  and  Some  Unusual  Locality 

Records  (Lepid.). 

The  renewed  attention  recently  given  to  the  night  flight  of 
diurnal  butterflies  leads  me  to  record  a  capture  of  J  \inessa 
I'iri/iiiiciisis  Drury  ( Pynnn-eis  liuntcra)  ( Nymphalidae).  The 
specimen,  which  from  its  perfect  condition  appeared  to  have 
emerged  not  long  before  capture,  was  attracted  to  a  light  from 
a  second  story  window  at  9:30  P.  M.  on  June  3.  1931.  The 
window  faces  the  garden  of  my  home  in  a  residential  section 
of  Milwaukee. 

In  the  January  issue  of  the  NEWS  Mr.  Harold  O'Byrne 
noted  the  occurrence  of  Catopsilnt  pliilca  Job.  (Pieridae)  in 
Missouri.  A  far  more  northern  record  of  this  species  wras  ob- 
tained by  a  friend  of  mine,  Mr.  \Ym.  K.  Sicker,  who  took  this 
species  at  Baileys  Harbor,  Dour  County,  Wisconsin  on  July  19, 
1930. 

Other  unusual  locality  records  worth  noting  include  a  speci- 
men of  Acllopos  titan  Cramer  (  Sphingidae  ),  which  I  caught  in 
Milwaukee,  June  24,  1930;  a  specimen  of  rtcthcixa  onidtri.r 
Lin.  (Arctiidae),  also  caught  in  Milwaukee,  October  4,  19_'4  : 
and  a  specimen  of  AI\f>ia  lain/ton!  Couper  (. \garistidae  ).  taken 
at  Embarrass,  Waupaca  County,  XVi.scnnsin.  July  12,  19J<>. 
ERNST  J.  DORNFELD,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin. 


288  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

Entomological   Literature 

COMPILED  BY   LAURA   S.    MACKEY    UNDER   THE   SUPERVISION   OF 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,1  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

'Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
molog'y,  see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

tttirNote  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Papers  published   in   the  Entomological  News  are   not   listed. 

GENERAL.— Bailey,  S.  F.— Invaluable  words.  [4]  63: 
197-198.  Bishopp,  F.  C. — How  insects  affect  our  health  and 
comfort.  [76]  1931:  443-445.  Dury,  C.— Obituary.  Anon. 
[Hobbies]  36:  92,  ill.  Griffin,  F.  J.— The  dates  of  publica- 
tion of  Wood  (W)  :  "Index  Entomologicus",  1833-1838. 
[75]  8:  178.  Sclater,  W.  L. — Names  of  new  genera  and 
subgenera.  [Zool.  Record]  67:  20pp.  Walker,  J.  J. — In- 
sects at  sea.  [8]  67:  211-232,  cont. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Alfonsus  &  Braun. 

—Preliminary  studies  of  the  internal  structures  of  Braula 
coeca.  [7]  24:  561-582.  ill.  Bigham,  J.  T.— The  alimentary 
canal  of  Asaphes  memnonius.  [43]  31 :  386-395,  ill.  Buxton, 
P.  A. — The  measurement  and  control  of  atmospheric  hu- 
midity in  relation  to  entomological  problems.  [22]  22:  431- 
447,  ill.  Cappe  de  Baillon,  P. — La  descendance  des  mon- 
stres  de  Phasmides.  [59]  15:  316pp..  ill.  Davidson,  R.  H.— 
The  alimentary  canal  of  Criocerus  asparagi.  [43]  31  :  396- 
405,  ill.  Ludwig,  D. — Studies  on  the  metamorphosis  of  the 
Japanese  beetle.  (Popillia  japonica).  |42]  60:  309-323,  ill. 
Lutz,  F.  E. — Notes  on  the  animal  life  of  thermal  waters  in 
the  Yellowstone  National  Park.  [40]  498:  10pp.  Melvin, 
R. — A  quantitative  study  of  copper  in  insects.  [7]  24:  485- 
488.  Miles,  H.  W. — Growth  in  the  larvae  of  Tenthredini- 
dae.  [J.  Exp.  Biol.]  8:  355-364.  Richardson,  Burdette  & 
Eagleson. — The  determination  of  the  blood  volume  of  in- 
sect larvae.  [7]  24:  503-507.  Sato,  H. — Untersuchungen 
iiber  die  kiinstliche  parthenogenese  des  seidenspinners 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  289 

Bombyx  mori.  [97]  51  :  382-394,  ill.  Schaefer,  P.  E.— The 
alimentary  canal  of  Sphaeroderus  niticlicollis  var.  schaumi. 
[43]  31 :  406-415,  ill.  Steel,  A.— On  the  structure  of  the  im- 
mature stages  of  the  frit  fly  (Oscinella  frit).  [35]  18:  352- 
369,  ill.  Swingle,  M.  C. — Hydrogen  ion  concentration  with- 
in the  digestive  tract  of  certain  insects.  [7]  24:  489-495. 
Swingle,  M.  C. — The  influence  of  soil  acidity  on  the  pH 
value  of  the  contents  of  the  digestive  tract  of  Japanese  bee- 
tle larvae.  [7]  24:  496-502,  ill'.  Verlaine,  L.— L'instinct  et 
1'intelligence  chez  les  Hymenopteres.  [33]  71  :  123-130. 
Walker,  E.  M. — On  the  anatomv  of  Grylloblatta  campodei- 
formis.  [7]  24:  519-536,  ill.  Wigglesworth,  V.  B.— The 
physiology  of  excretions  in  a  blood-sucking  insect,  Rhodnius 
prolixus.  (Hem.).  [J.  Exp.  Biol.]  8:  411-451. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— *Hilton,  W.  A.- 

Symphyla  from  North  America.  [7]  24:  537-553,  ill.  *Pele- 
grin  Franganillo,  R.  P. — Aracnidos  de  Cuba.  [Mem.  Mus. 
Hist.  Nat.,  Habana]  1 :  47-97,  ill. 

THE   SMALLER  ORDERS   OF   INSECTS.— McDun- 

nough,  J. — The  eastern  North  American  species  of  the 
genus  Ephemerella  and  their  nymphs  (Ephemeroptera). 
[4]  63:  187-197,  201-216,  ill.  Setty,  L.  R.— The  biology  of 
Bittacus  stigmaterus  (Mecoptera,  Bittacusidae).  [7]  24: 
467-484,  ill.  *Traver,  J.  R. — Seven  new  southern  species  of 
the  mayfly  genus  Hexagenia,  with  notes  on  the  genus.  [7] 
24:  591-621,  ill.  Weyer,  F. — Das  problem  der  kastendiffer- 
enzierung  bei  den  Termiten.  [97]  51 :  353-373,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— *Chopard,  L.  -  -  Biospeologica.  In- 
sectes  Orthopteres.  [Arch.  Zool.  Exp.  et  Gen.,  Paris]  71 : 
389-401,  ill.  .*Moreira,  C. — Contribuigao  para  o  conheci- 
mento  dos  insectos  Dermapteros  do  Brasil.  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao 
Paulo]  1  :  257-265,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— *Ball,  E.  D.— Some  new  North  Ameri- 
can genera  and  species  in  the  group  formerly  called  Platy- 
metopius  (  Khynchota).  [4]  63:  216-222,  cont.  *China,  W. 
E. — A  remarkable  mind  larva  from  Cuba,  apparently  be- 
longing to  a  new  species  of  the  genus  I'aracarnus  (Aliri- 
dae).  [75]  8:  283-288,  ill.  DeLong'&  Davidson.— The  genus 
Agallia — External  characters  used  to  distinguish  the  species 
injuring  economic  crops.  [43]  31  :  377-385.  ill.  *Drake,  C. 
J.— Neotropical  Tingitidae.  [75]  8:  225-227.  *Drake,  C.  J. 
-The  Cornell  University  Entomological  Expedition  to 
South  America,  1919  and  1920,  scientific  results.  Number  5, 
Hemiptera-Tingitidae.  |7|  24:  510-514.  *Lawson  P.  B. — 
The  genus  Drylix  in  North  America,  (Cicadellidae).  [7]  24: 


290  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

587-590,  ill.     Norland,  C. — List  of  California  Pentatomidae, 
especially  from  the  South.  [13]  23:  45-46.    *Oman,  P.  W.- 
New  Jassinae,  with  notes  on  other  species.    [91]    21:  430- 
436,  ill.     *Peters,  H.  S. — Two  new  Mallophaga  from  two 
closely  related  shorebirds.   [7]   24:  583-586,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA. — *Bell,  E.  L. — New  species  of  Yan- 
guna:  Lepidoptera,  Rhopalocera.  [9]  64:  233-236.  Bird,  H. 
-The  Papaipema  species  of  the  Pacific  coast.  [4]  63:  183- 
187,  ill.  Comstock  &  Dammers. — Notes  on  the  early  stages 
of  four  California  argynnids.  [38]  30:  40-44,  ill.  'Griffin, 
F.  J. — On  the  dates  of  publication  and  contents  of  the  parts 
of  Strecker  (H),  "Lepidoptera,  etc,"  1872-1900.  [75]  8:  257- 
258.  *Gunder,  J.  D.— Some  new  butterflies.  [38]  30:  45-48. 
Miller,  E.  R. — Athena  peleus  (Timetes  petreus).  [39]  15: 
34-36,  ill.  Rothke,  M. — Einige  notizen  ttber  vorkommen 
und  lebensgewohnheit  von  Pieris  napi  in  Nordamerika. 
[18]  25:  262-263.  Spencer,  G.  J. — An  important  breeding 
place  of  clothes  moths  in  homes.  [4]  63:  199-200.  Talbot, 
G. — On  the  status  of  some  generic  names  in  the  family 
Pieridae.  [9]  64:  227-232.  Wucherpfennig,  F.— Sao  Paulo 
de  Olivenqa-Borba.  [18]  25:  255-258,  ill. 

DIPTERA. — :;:Alexander,  C.  P. — New  species  of  crane 
flies  from  South  America.  (Tipulidae).  [7]  24:  622-642. 
*Lindner,  E. — Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  siidamerikanischen 
Stratiomyidenfauna.  [Rev.  Pint.,  Sao  Paulo]  1:  304-312.  ill. 
*Malloch,  J.  R. — Flies  of  the  genus  Pseudotephritis  (Ortali- 
dae).  [50]  79,  (34)  :  6  pp.  *Rowe,  J.  A.— A  revision  of  the 
males  of  the  nearctic  species  in  the  genus  Fabriciella 
(Tachinidae).  [7]  24:  642-678,  ill.  Taylor,  R.  L.— On 
"Dyar's  Rule"  and  its  application  to  sawfly  larvae.  [7]  24: 
451-466,  ill.  *Townsend,  C.  H.  T. — New  genera  and  species 
of  American  Oestromuscoid  flies.  (S).  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao 
Paulo]  1:  313-354,  ill.  *Van  Duzee,  M.  C.— Dolichopidae 
of  the  Canal  Zone.  (Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.]  61:  161- 
205,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— de  Basilewsky,  P.— Additions  et  recti- 
fications aux  Carabidae  du  "Coleopterorum  Catalogus"  de 
M.  E.  Csiki.  [33]  71  :  145-149.  :i;Blaisdell,  F.  E.— Studies  in 
the  Melyridae,  No.  9  [4]  o3 :  178-183.  *Borgmeier,  T.- 
Sobre  alguns  coleopteros  ecitophilos  do  Brasil  (Staphylini- 
dae).  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo]  1 :  355-367,  ill.  Jaynes,  H.  A. 
— Acrotomopus  atropunctellus  in  Argentina  sugarcane.  |7| 
24:  554-560,  ill.  *Jeannel,  R. — Biospeologica.  Insectes 
Coleopteres  et  revision  des  Trechinae  de  1'Amerique  dti 
nord.  [Arch.  Zool.  Exp.  et  Gen.,  Paris]  71:  403-499,  ill. 
*Luederwaldt,  H. — Novos  subsidies  para  o  conhecimento 
do  genero  Pinotus  (Lamell.  Copridae).  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao 
Paulo]  1  :  298-304,  ill. 


xlii,    '31  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  291 

HYMENOPTERA.— *Cockerell,  T.   D.   A.— A   new   bee 

of  the  genus  Andrena  from  Canada.  |4j  63:  200-201. 
*Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — Descriptions  and  records  of  bees. 
(S).  |75|  8:411-418.  Fernald,  H.  T,— Notes  on  some 
American  Sphecinae.  |7|  24:  439-450.  Hicks,  C.  H. — Notes 
on  certain  bees,  with  a  consideration  of  the  use  of  the  abdo- 
men in  nest  construction.  |4|  o3  :  4:  173-178.  *Mann.  W. 
M.— A  new  ant  from  Porto  Rico.  |91J  21:  440-441.  ill. 
*Santschi,  F. — Fourmis  de  Cuba  et  de  Panama.  |  Rev.  Ent., 
Sao  Paulo]  1  :  265-282,  ill.  Rau,  P. — An  additional  note  on 
the  behavior  of  hibernating  Polistes  wasps.  [7]  24:  515- 
518.  Smith  &  Haug. — An  ergatandrous  form  in  I'onera 
opaciceps.  [7]  24:  507-509,  ill. 

Dr.   Holland's   New   Butterfly   Book. 

THE  BUTTERFLY  BOOK,  new  and  revised  edition  by  \Y.  J. 
HOLLAND,  Sc.D.,  etc.,  Doubleday,  Doran  and  Co.,  New  York, 
1931.  436  pp.  and  77  plates  and  numerous  text  figures  with 
over  2000  figures  of  North  American  Butterflies.  $10.  net. 

The  first  edition  published  in  1898  described  and  figured 
about  450  of  the  then  known  650  species  of  butterflies  flying 
north  of  the  Mexican  line.  The  present  volume  has  been 
brought  up  to  date  and  all  of  the  known  species  are  included, 
involving  25  additional  color  plates  and  4  uncolored. 

Dr.  Holland  has  had  unusual  access  to  the  principal  collec- 
tions in  America  and  through  the  cooperation  of  the  leading 
lepidopterists  of  the  country  has  been  able  to  figure,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  types  contained  in  his  own  Edwards  Collection, 
practically  all  of  the  types  or  typical  butterflies  of  the  North 
.America  Fauna.  Dr.  Holland  is  to  be  congratulated  on  com- 
pleting this  tremendous  work  and  launching  it  on  his  82nd 
birthday.  (  )nly  the  students  will  know  the  amount  of  pains- 
taking labor  involved,  a  labor  of  love,  however,  as  all  will  recog- 
nize who  have  met  this  learned,  kindly  gentleman.  This  book, 
while  offered  as  a  popular  work,  containing  information  on  the 
life  history,  collecting,  classification  and  literature  of  the  sub- 
ject with  lucid  descriptions  of  the  species,  but  free  from  un- 
necessary discussion,  is,  however,  a  remarkably  scientific  work, 
indispensable  to  the  student  and  specialist,  and  this  volume  of 
the  Dean  of  American  lepidopterists  will  be  consulted  as  long 
as  men  and  women  are  interested  in  nature. 

The  book  is  clearly  and  carefully  printed  and  the  colored 
plates  are  the  best  that  have  been  produced  so  far. 

As  to  the  nomenclature,  Dr.  Holland  is  conservative  and  has 
not  accepted  all  of  the  findings  of  what  he  calls  the  vonnger 
school  of  entomologists  (some  of  whom  are  grandfathers)  but 
these  things  are  frequently  a  matter  of  individual  opinion  and 


292  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

only  time  and  the  International  Entomological  Congress  will 
tell.  In  the  mean  time  no  possible  harm  can  come  from  label- 
ing a  collection  with  the  names  used  in  the  Butterfly  book ;  in 
fact,  they  are  (in  my  opinion)  far  more  accurate  than  those 
used  in  any  recent  list  before  me. 

The  book  should  be  in  the  library  of  every  entomologist,  will 
give  thousands  of  others  a  knowledge  of  the  most  beautiful 
flying  things  in  nature,  and  will  be  a  great  stimulus  to  the  study 
of  the  most  fascinating  things  among  the  insects,  the  Butterflies. 

ROSWELL  C.  WILLIAMS,  JR. 


SOCIAL  BEHAVIOR  IN  INSECTS.  By  A.  D.  IMMS,  M.A., 
D.  Sc.,  F.R.S.  The  Dial  Press  Monographs  on  Biological  Sub- 
jects. Lincoln  MacVeagh,  The  Dial  Press,  Publishers.  New 
York.  MCMXXXI.  Pp.  ix,  117,  20  illustrations.  $1.50 
This  little  volume  contains  a  very  condensed  account  of  the 
main  features  of  the  nervous  structures  and  of  the  habits  of 
the  wasps,  bees,  ants  and  termites,  including  a  brief  presenta- 
tion of  current  theories  of  the  evolution  of  the  social  habit 
and  of  the  origin  of  the  castes  and  forms  occurring  in  the  social 
species.  It  will  be  of  use  to  those  wishing  to  obtain  some 
acquaintance  with  the  subject  without  expending  the  time  re- 
quired to  read  the  more  extensive  accounts  available.  In  dis- 
cussing "organic  memory",  the  author  has  chosen  rather  poorly 
in  citing  as  an  example  (on  p.  103)  the  observation  of 
von  Biittel-Reepen  that  honey-bees  will  be  seen  in  buckwheat 
fields  only  during  those  hours  of  the  day  when  nectar  secretion 
is  occurring ;  the  assumption  being  that  the  bees  remember  these 
hours  from  one  day  to  the  next.  This  phenomenon,  as  von 
Frisch  has  so  carefully  demonstrated,  is  better  explained  on 
the  basis  of  known  instinctive  behavior  reactions.  Bees  will 
cease  visiting  a  source  of  nectar  whenever  it  becomes  difficult 
or  impossible  to  secure  a  load.  Occasional  bees,  however,  will 
continue  to  visit  at  intervals  even  an  exhausted  source,  and 
whenever  one  or  more  bees  return  from  such  an  "inspection", 
filled  with  nectar,  their  appearance  in  the  hive  "informs"  (in 
a  manner  described  by  von  Frisch)  the  other  habitues  of  that 
particular  source  that  nectar  is  again  flowing.  Thereupon  the 
latter  resume  their  foraging  activities  which  had  ceased  with 
the  temporary  exhaustion  of  the  nectar  supply.  The  absence 
of  some  account  of  the  work  of  von  Frisch,  which  has  been 
so  enlightening  as  regards  the  mechanism  of  social  behavior  as 
to  be  beyond  comparison  with  much  of  the  arbitrary  theorizing 
of  other  recent  authors,  seems  to  the  reviewer  to  be  a  serious 
omission.  Such  an  account  could  profitably  have  displaced  other 
topics  less  germane  to  the  general  subject.  The  volume  con- 
tains no  bibliography  but  mention  is  made  of  the  principal  books 
and  memoirs  pertaining  to  social  insects. — R.  G.  SCHMIEDER. 


xlii,  '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  293 

OBITUARY. 

The  death  of  CHARLES  DURY  on  July  20,  1931,  in  his  eighty- 
fourth  year,  after  a  few  days'  illness,  has  removed  from  the 
ranks  of  American  entomology  one  of  its  oldest  workers.  His 
interests  were,  however,  broader  than  the  branch  in  which  he 
specialized  and  by  which  he  is  best  known  among  entomologists. 
He  belonged  to  that  old-time  group  of  naturalists — so  few  in 
these  days  of  specialization — whose  studies  embraced  the  whole 
field  of  natural  history.  In  this  broader  field,  his  chief  interest 
lay  in  ornithology ;  many  published  papers  attest  to  his  careful 
observations  of  birds. 

Charles  Dury  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  November  14, 
1847,  the  son  of  Francis  W.  Dury  and  Louisa  M.  Gibson.  In 
1862,  Francis  Dury  settled  in  the  suburb  of  Avondale  (now  a 
part  of  Cincinnati)  and  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  original 
Dury  homestead,  Charles  Dury  passed  the  remainder  of  his 
long  and  active  life. 

Mr.  Dury  early  acquired  a  taste  for  natural  history,  and  in 
those  days,  his  immediate  surroundings  offered  ample  oppor- 
tunity for  the  development  of  his  studies.  His  first  active  work 
was  in  ornithology.  To  his  field  observations  he  added  a  study 
of  taxidermy,  and  about  1867,  opened  a  shop  for  that  work, 
which  he  carried  on  some  forty  years.  Many  beautifully 
mounted  birds  and  mammals  show  his  skill  in  taxidermy,  for 
which  he  received  a  number  of  competitive  awards.  Early  in 
life  he  attended  the  Miami  Medical  College,  but  did  not  carry 
his  studies  to  completion. 

Entomology  later  increasingly  claimed  his  time  and  atten- 
tion, and  his  collection  of  insects,  particularly  of  Coleoptera, 
brought  together  from  all  part  of  the  world,  is  for  North  Amer- 
ican forms,  one  of  the  finest  and  most  complete  in  this  country. 
This  collection  is  left  to  his  son,  Ralph  Dury,  now  Director  of 
the  Cincinnati  Society  of  Natural  History. 

Although  he  published  a  number  of  papers  on  North  Ameri- 
can Coleoptera  and  described  many  new  species,  these  but  poorly 
represent  the  extent  of  his  knowledge  and  the  wealth  of  his 
observations  in  his  chosen  field.  An  authority  on  the  Coleop- 


294  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

tera,  it  is  the  regret  of  his  friends  and  fellow  students  that  he 
could  not  be  induced  to  publish  his  observations  more  freely. 

An  indefatigable  collector  and  observer  of  nature,  Mr.  Dury 
acquired  a  fund  of  first-hand  knowledge.  The  benefit  of  his 
experience  he  was  always  ready  to  give  to  others,  and  through 
advice  and  encouragement  started  many  young  students  along 
the  path  to  success.  The  writer  of  this  article  will  never  forget 
the  sympathetic  aid  given  her  at  the  beginning  of  her  entomo- 
logical studies  by  this  veteran  entomologist,  nor  the  opportunity 
for  the  exchange  of  ideas  throughout  many  years. 

Among  the  intimate  friends  of  a  long  lifetime  were  such 
scientists  as  Alfred  Russell  Wallace,  E.  D.  Cope,  Spencer  F. 
Baird,  George  Horn,  John  L.  LeConte,  Robert  Ridgway,  Elliot 
Coues,  and  a  host  of  others.  Entomologists  throughout  the 
country  will  mourn  his  passing. 

Mr.  Dury  held  membership  in  many  scientific  societies.  He 
was  a  charter  and  life  member  of  the  Cincinnati  Society  of 
Natural  History,  its  curator  of  ornithology  and  entomology,  its 
secretary  in  1912  and  its  president  from  1914  until  his  death. 
The  oldest  member  and  a  life  member  of  the  Cuvier  Press 
Club,  he  was  the  custodian  of  their  collection,  a  generous  donor 
to  the  collection,  and  the  preparator  of  nearly  all  of  the  speci- 
mens. He  had  served  as  president  and  as  secretary  of  the 
Ohio  Academy  of  Science ;  and  on  the  advisory  board  of  the 
Audubon  Society.  He  was'  a  former  member  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  a  member  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society. 

His  straightforwardness  and  integrity  of  character  won  for 
him  the  respect  of  all ;  he  was  a  gracious  teacher  and  a  faithful 
friend. 

Surviving  him  are  his  widow,  Mrs.  Pearl  Welch  Dury ;  two 
sons,  Ralph  and  Arthur ;  a  daughter,  Mrs.  Louise  Hippert,  and 
two  grandsons.  To  these,  his  friends  and  fellow  scientists  offer 
their  sympathy  in  the  loss  they  have  sustained. 

ANNETTE  F.  BRAUN. 

(In  Proc.  Junior  Soc.  Nat.  Sciences  2  (3)  :  53-55,  Cincinnati, 
'  Ohio,  July-Sept.,  1931.) 


xlii,    '31]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  295 

Published  Writings  on  Insects  by  Charles  Dury. 

(From  the  list  of  his  writings  in  the  same  Proceedings,  pp. 
60-63,  and  the  Bibliographies  in  C.  W.  Leng's  Catalogue  of  the 
Coleoptera  of  America,  North  of  Mexico,  1920,  and  Supplement 
of  1927.    Except  where  otherwise  stated,  they  were  published  in 
the  Journal  of  the  Cincinnati  Society  of  Natural  History.) 
Catalogue  of  the  Lepidoptera  Observed  in  the  vcinity  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio.    Vol.  I,  No.  1,  pp.  12-23,  1878. 
List   of    Coleoptera    Observed   in   the    Vicinity   of    Cincinnati. 

Vol.  II,  No.  4,  pp.  162-178,  1879. 
Coleoptera  of  the  Vicinity  of  Cincinnati.     Vol.  V,  No.  3,  pp. 

218-220,  1882. 
Notes  on  Coleoptera,  with  additions  to  the  List  of  the  Coleoptera 

of  Cincinnati.     Vol.  VII,  No.  2,  pp.  91-92,  1884. 
Mordellidae  in  the   Vicinity  of    Cincinnati,   Ohio.     Vol.   XV, 

No.  3  and  4,  pp.  123-126,'  1892. 

What  I  found  in  nest  of  Field  Mouse.    Vol.  XV,  p.  183,  1892. 
The  Preparation  and  Care  of  Insect  Collections.     Vol.  XVII, 

No.  3,  pp.  173-180,  1894. 
Coleopterological    Notes,    Faunal    Changes   in   the   Vicinity    of 

Cincinnati,  Ohio.    Vol.  XIX,  No.  4,  pp.  139-141,  1898. 
A    Butterfly,    New   to    Cincinnati    (Callidryas   cubule    Linn.). 

"Tomato  Worm"  Parasites  (Apantclcs   congregates.}    Botys 

pcnitalis  Grote.   "Squirrel  Bot  Fly"  (Cutcrcbra  emasculator.} 

Parasites  on  the  Common  Rabbits  (Lcpus  syfaaticus  Bach.). 

Vol.  XIX,  No.  4,  pp.  142-146,  1898. 

Beetles  and  Random  Notes.    Vol.  XIX,  pp.  167-172,  1900. 
A  new  Calandrid  from  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Vol.  XIX,  No.  8,  pp. 

243-244,  1901. 
A  Revised  List  of  the   Coleoptera   Observed  near  Cincinnati, 

Ohio,  with  Notes  on  Localities,  Bibliographical  references  and 

Description  of  Six  New  Species.     Vol.  XX,  No.  3,  pp.  107- 

196,  1902. 
Ecological  Notes  on  some  Coleoptera  of  the  Cincinnati  Region. 

Including,  Six  New  Species.     Vol.  XX,  No.  7,  pp.  251-256. 

1906. 
Additions  to  the  List  of  Cincinnati  Coleoptera.    Vol.  XX,  No.  7, 

pp.  257-260,  1906. 

Ecological  Notes  on  Insects.    Vol.  XXI,  No.  2,  pp.  61-63,  1910. 
New  Species  and  Additions  to  the  List  of  Cincinnati  Coleoptera. 

Vol.  XXI,  No.  2,  pp.  64-67,  1910. 
New   Coleoptera    from    Cincinnati,    Ohio.      (Family    Endomv- 

chidae).    Vol.  XXI,  No.  3,  pp.  102-103,  1912. 


296  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '31 

A  New  Cychrus  from  New  Mexico.    Vol.  XXI,  No.  3,  p.  104, 

1912. 
A  New  Rhipidandrus  (Coleoptera)   from  Florida.     Vol.  XXI, 

No.  4,  p.  168,  1914. 
Natural  History  Notes  of  Southern  Arizona.    Vol.  XXII,  No.  1, 

pp.  4-13,  1916. 
Two  New  Beetles  from  Cincinnati,  Ohio.     Vol.  XXII,  No.   1, 

pp.  14-15,  1916. 
Synopsis  of  the  Coleopterous  Family  Cisidae   (Cioidae)  North 

of  Mexico.     Vol.  XXIII,  No.  2,  pp.  1-27,  1917. 
Note  on  Anophthahnus.    ENT.  NEWS,  IX,  p.  202,  1898. 
Note  on  Galeruca.   ENT.  NEWS,  XIV,  p.  146,  May,  1903. 
Notes  on  Coleoptera  (On  Melasini).    ENT.  NEWS,  XV,  pp.  52- 

53,  Feb.,  1904. 
An    Interesting    New   Agrilus   from    Cincinnati,    Ohio.      ENT. 

NEWS,  XIX,  p.  368,  Oct.,  1908. 
Marching  Through  Georgia.     ENT.   NEWS,  XX,  pp.  392-394, 

1909. 
Some  New  Beetles  from  North  Carolina  with  Ecological  Notes. 

ENT.  NEWS,  XXII,  pp.  273-275,  1911. 
Notes  on  Several  Species  of  Coleoptera  with  some  account  of 

habits.     Canad.  Ent,  X,  pp.  210-211,  1878,. 
A  new  Ciside  Genus  with  New  Species  from  Manitoba.     Can. 

Ent.,  LI,  p.  158,  1919. 
On  the  Occurrence  of  Omophron  robustum,  Dacne  ulkei  and 

Coptodera  acrata  near  Cincinnati.     Bull.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc., 

I,  p.  56,  1878. 
What  I  Found  Under  a  Pile  of  Grass.    Bull.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc., 

IX,  No.  5,  pp.  101-103,  Dec.,  1914. 
Lepidocricus  herricki  Pierce.    Bull.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.,  XVIII, 

p.  27,  1923. 
Note  on  Anamorphus.     Bull.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.,  XIX,  p.  25, 

1924. 
Blaps  mucronata  Latr.  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.     Bull.  Brookl.  Ent. 

Soc.,  XXIII,  p.  180,  1928. 
Elateridae  in  the  Vicinity  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.     Entom.  Amer., 

IV,  pp.  163-164,  1888. 
Natural  History  Rambles  in  the  Cumberland  Mountains.   Nature 

and  Culture,  V,  1912. 

Insects  That  Carry  Disease.     Lancet-Clinic,  1913,  pp.  1-8. 
On  Cioidae.     Journ.  N.  York  Ent.   Soc.,  XXII,  pp.   172-173, 

1914. 


INDEX    TO    VOLUME    LXII. 


(  *  indicates  new  genera,  species,  names,  etc. ) 
AI.DKICII,  J.   M.     A  new  Entomological    Journal  in   South 

America     230 

ANONYMOUS.     A  new  Entomological  Journal  in  England.  .    231 

A  scarcity  of  specialists   191 

Additions  to  the  Index  to  Vol.  XLI.  1930 28 

Bibliographia   Odonatologica    246 

Congratulations  to  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard 203 

Dr.  A.  B.  Klots  at  Rochester,  New  York 219 

Mr.  F.  H.  Benjamin  at  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  .  .   230 

Ohituaries :  Comstock,  John  Henry   152 

Hine,  James   S 96 

Philiptschenko,  Jurius 95 

Ris,  Dr.  Fritz   96 

Viereck,  Henry  Lorenx 268 

Wasmann,  Father  Eric.  S.  J 240 

Published  Writings  on  Insects  by  Charles  Dury 295 

The  C.  F.  Adams  Collection  of  Diptera 25 

BARBER,  H.  G.     Change  of  address 5,     79 

BARRINCF.K,  P.  B.     Bites,  by  Aphis  Lion 83 

BELL,  E.  L.     A  new  species  of  Hesperiidae  from  Jamaica, 

British   West    Indies    (111.) 220 

BKOCAERT,  J.   Ceratopogonine  Midges  on  wings  of  Odonata     82 
Xote  on   Odvncnis  bcnniidcnsis,   with  a  description  of 

the   male    277 

IliRD,   l\.   I).     The-  nymph  of   Enallagma  basidens,  Calvert 

(Ills.)     ' 276 

BRADLEY,  J.  C.    A  correction 130 

P>u.\r\.  A.  F.     (  tbituary  :  Dury.  Charles 293 

297 


298  INDEX 

BROWER,   A.   E.     Recapture  of   marked   Cutworm   Moths 
in  a  trap  lantern  (with  tables) 44 

BURKE,  H.  E.     Another  Entomological  Society 219 

BYERS,  C.  F.     Dixie  Dragonflies  collected  during  the  sum- 
mer of  1930  (table  and  list)    113 

CALKINS,  V.  F.     Papilio  delimits  Boisd.  in  Scott  County, 
Kansas     Ill 

CALVERT,  P.  P.    A  list  of  the  existing  Entomological  Soci- 
eties in  the  United  States  and  Canada 126 

Bites  by  Aphis  Lion 83 

Editorial:  To  authors  of  papers  published  in  the  NEWS   171 
Editorial :  Entomology  at  the  Convocation  Week  Meet- 
ings          56 

Obituaries :  Emerton,  James  H 95 

Ris,  Dr.  Friedrich   (portrait) 181 

Reviews :  A  Laboratory  Guide  to  the  study  of  the  wings 
of  Insects;  2 — Suggestions  for  the  Instructor;  3 — The 

venation  of  Insect  wings   238 

Reviews :  Demons  of  the  dust 123 

The  African  Republic  of  Liberia  and  the  Belgian  Congo     93 
The  teaching  of  the  Principle  of  Homologies  to  Elemen- 
tary Classes  in  Biology,  and  the  use  of  Phylogenetic 

series  in  the  Laboratory 238 

Thomas  Say,  early  American  Naturalist 90 

CARRUTH,  L.  A.    The  Meloidae  of  South  Dakota 50 

CARTWRIGHT,  O.  L.     Digger  Wasps  and  Buprestidae ....   269 
CAUDELL,   A.    N.      Notes   on    Blattidae,   adventive  to   the 

United  States  204 

CHAMBERLIN,  J.  C.    Parachernes  ronnaii,  a  new  genus  and 

species  of  False  Scorpion  from  Brazil  (Ills.) 192 

CHAMBERLIN,  R.  V.     A  new  Milliped  of  the  genus  Fon- 

taria  from  Mississippi 78 

On  a  collection  of  Chilopods  and  Diplopods  from  Okla- 
homa (Ills.)    97 

COCKERELL,  T.  D.  A.     Contemplated  trip  to  Africa 167 

Review:  Recent  advances  in  Entomology  (plate) 209 

COLE,  A.  C.,  JR.     Typha  Insects  and  their  parasites  (with 
tables)     6,     35 


INDEX  299 

A  correction   140 

COTTERMAN,  C.  W.    Archilcstcs  iii  Ohio 64 

CRAMPTON,  G.  C.  A  claim  for  priority  in  dividing  Ptery- 
gotan  Insects  into  two  sections  on  the  basis  of  the  posi- 
tion of  the  wings  in  repose,  with  remarks  on  the  rela- 
tionship of  the  Insect  Orders  130 

CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.  Descriptions  of  new  genera  and 
species  of  the  Dipterous  family  Ephydridae.  Paper  IX.  104 

Paper  X 168 

Notes  on  the  Abstersa-Group  of  the  genus  Tephritis,  and 

a  description  of  a  new  species  from  California 3 

(see  also  Mackey,  L.  S.,  and  Cresson,  E.  T.,  Jr.) 
DAWSON,  R.  W.     Report  of  .two  cases  of  Metathetely  in 

Polyphemus  larvae,   T  elect  pfflyphemus  Cramer.      (Ill-)    125 
DORNFELD,  E.  J.     A  night-flying  Butterfly  and  some  un- 
usual locality  records    287 

FALL,  H.  C.  Review:  The  Fabrician  types  of  Insects  in 
the  Hunterian  Collection  at  Glasgow  University  (Coleop- 

tera,   part    1 )    263 

FINCH,  C.     Obituary:  Comstock,  John  Henry 153 

FROST,  S.  W.     New  species  of  West  Indian  Agromyzidae     72 
GRAENICHER,  S.     Some  observations  on  the  biology  of  the 

Sarcophaginae     227 

GUNDER,  J.  D.     Bookseller's  separates 257 

HALL,   D.   G.     A  new  Sarcophaya   from   South   Carolina 

(111.) 217 

New  Texas  Sarcophaginae   (111.)    280 

HASKIN,  J.   R.     Some  unusual   occurrences  of   Butterflies 

in   Connecticut    201 

HATCH,  M.  H.    The  status  of  Leng's  Classification  of  the 

Coleoptera     76 

HEBARD,  M.    The  races  of  Diapheromera  z'dici  (111.)  . . . .     65 

HORST,  E.  G.    Rex  Research  Foundation 286 

KENNEDY,  C.  H.    Obituary:  Hine,  James  Stewart 177 

KLOTS,  A.  B.  The  generic  synonymy  of  the  North  Ameri- 
can Pieridae  

KNOWLTON,  G.  F.  Notes  on  Utah  Heteroptera  and  Hom- 
optera  40,  68 


300  INDEX 

KRAUTH,  E.    Parnassins  in  the  Black  Hills,  South  Dakota  257 

LAURENT,  P.     Notes  on  Trcnicx  columba  Linn 67 

LENG,   C.     Review :   Bradley 's   Manual   of   the  genera  of 

Beetles   88 

LEUSSLER,  R.  A.     A  new  Mclitaca  from  Oregon 12 

LIST,   G.   M.     Rocky   Mountain   Conference  of   Entomol- 
ogists       267 

MACKEY,  L.  S.,  and  CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.     Entomological 

Literature 29,  59,  84,  119,  141,  172,  205,  232,  258,  288 

MACY,  R.  W.     A  new  Oregon  Butterfly  (111.)    1 

MARSTON,  L.  C.,  JR.     Dynast  cs  tityus  Linn,  in  Delaware     28 
MONTGOMERY,  R.  W.    Notes  on  some  Butterflies  of  North- 
eastern  Georgia    109 

MUSGRAVE,   P.    N.      A    Coleopterous  enemy  of   Corydalis 

cornuta  L 202 

O'BYRNE,   H.     A   recent   occurrence   of   Catopsilia  pJiilea 

Joh.  in  Missouri 15 

OCHS,  G.     Relationships  of  the  Gyrinidae 55 

PARK,  O.     Abnormal  antenna  in  Elcodcs  (111.)    112 

PARKER,  R.  L.     Obituary:  Crevecoeur,  Ferdinand  F 212 

PATE,  V.  S.  L.    A  new  Belomicrus  from  the  West 77 

PAYNE,   N.   M.     Food  requirements   for  the  pupation  of 
two  Coleopterous  larvae,  Synchroa  punctata  Newm.  and 

Dendroides  cauadeiisis  Lee.   (with  tables) 13 

PETERS,  H.  S.  A  new  Louse  from  domestic  Chickens  (111.)    195 
RAU,  P.    Notes  on  the  homing  of  several  species  of  Wasps   199 

The  night  flight  of  Diurnal  Butterflies 24 

REHN,  J.  A.  G.     Entomology  of  the  Convocation  Week 

Meetings,  Dec.  29,   1930,  to  Jan.  3,   1931 57 

On  Mela-no  plus  borealis  in  Northern  Labrador 33 

REINHARD,  H.  J.     A  new  species  of  two-winged   Kly  be- 
longing to  the  genus  Acronarista   26 

RICHARDS,  A.  G.,  JK.     Noctuidae  of  northern  Georgia  and 

Tennessee  (with  list  of  species) 247,  271 

Sub-sub-specific  names  in  Lepidoptera 213 

RITCHER,  P.  O.     An  undescribed  species  of  Simuliid  larva 
and  the  corresponding  pupa  (111.) 241 


INDEX  301 

ROBERTS,   R.     An  improvised  spreading  board   for  small 

Moths    25f> 

ROBERTSON,  C.    Oligolectic  Andrenidae 226 

RODECK,  H.  G.    Unusual  numbers  otf  Diapheromera  vclici 

Walsh    ' 2 

SCHMIEDER,  R.  G.     Review:  Social  behavior  in  Insects. .  .   292 
SMITH,  M.  R.     An  additional  Annotated  List  of  the  Ants 

of    Mississippi    16 

SNYDER,  W.  E.    A  new  experience 141 

TALBOT,  G.     The  naming  of  individual  variants  in  Lepid- 

optera     80 

THOMAS,  C.  A.    The  predatory  enemies  of  Elateridae.  137,  158 

TIETZ,  H.  M.     Caiopsilia  pliilcu  in  Pennsylvania 279 

VANSELL,  G.  H.     Flight  of  Corixids 270 

VIGNON,  P.     Review:  Introduction  a  la  Biologic  Experi- 

mentale    176 

WIESMANN,  R.    The  Composition  of  the  head  of  Insects.  .      28 
WILLIAMS,   R.   C.,   JR.     On   some   Northern   Lepidoptera 

Rhopalocera    157 

Review:  Dr.  Holland's  new  Butterfly  book 291 

WILLIAMS,   S.  H.     Cerambycinae   from   Kartabo,   Bartica 
District,  British  Guiana  (list  of  species  and  synopsis  of 

four  related  genera)    222 

WILLIAMSON,  E.  B.     Archilcstcs  ynuulis  Ramb.  in  Ohio     63 

Common  names  for  Dragonflies 46 

Review:     A  contribution  to  the  knowledge  of   Florida 
Odonata  145 


302 


INDEX 


GENERAL  SUBJECTS 

Abnormal    antenna    112 

Additions   to    Index,    Vol.    xli, 

1930   .28 

Animals,    Predatory    163 

Author's    Proofs    171 

Biologic  Experimental   176 

Birds,  Predatory   159 

Bookseller's   Separates    257 

Bowdoin-Baffinland        Expedi- 
tion    33,  157 

California  Entomological   Club  219 
"Convocation      Week"      meet- 

56 


ings 


Demons  of  the  dust 123 

Entomological    Journal,    New, 

in   England    231 

Entomological     Journal,     New 

South   American    230 

Entomological     Literature — 29, 

59,    84,    119,    141,    172,    205, 

232,  258,  288. 
Entomological     Societies,     List 

of  U.  S.  and  Can 126,  219 

Entomology,    Recent    advances 

in    209 

Hosts,  Plant   226 

Infestation,    Plant... 6,   35,   50,     67 
Indian  Insects,  Catalogue ......     55 

Insects,     Composition     of     the 

head  of  28 

Insects,  Fossil  212 

Insects,   Published  writings  by 

Chas.  Dury   295 

Insects,   Social  behavior   of...  292 

Insects,   Typha    6,     34 

Liberia  and  the  Belgian  Congo     93 

Metathetely     125 

Naming  of  Variants    80,  213 

Parasites,  Insect, 

6,  35,  82,  137,  158,  195,  202 

Plants,   Insectivorous    124 

Principle    of    homologies    and 

phylogenetic   series    238 

Pterygotan     Insects,     Priority 


claim  in  dividing  130 

Pupation,  Food  requirements 

for  13 

Reptiles,  Predatory  158 

Rex  Research  Foundation ....  286 
Rocky  Mountain  Conference..  267 

Say,  Thomas,  Naturalist  90 

Specialists,  Scarcity  of 191 

Wings  of  Insects,  Guide  to 

study  of  238 

Wings  of  Insects,  Venation  of  238 

OBITUARY  NOTICES 

Comstock,  J.   H 152,   153,  156 

Crevecoeur,  F.  F 212 

Dury,   C 293 

Emerton,  J.   H 95 

Mine,  J.  S 96,  177 

Philiptschenko,   J 95 

Ris,  F 96,  181 

Viereck,   H.   L 268 

PERSONALS 

Abbott,  C.  E 58 

Adams,  C.  F 25 

Arbethnot,  K.  D 268 

Beamer,  R.  H 58,  268 

Benjamin,  F.  H 230 

Britton,  W.   E 58 

Brues,  C.  T 57 

Bunn,   R 268 

Clark,  A.   H 57 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A 167 

Cowan,    F.   T 267 

Curran,  C.  H 57 

Davis,  E.  W 268 

Davis,  J.  J 57 

Davis,   L.    G 268 

Dean,  G.  A 268 

Dietrich,   H 57 

Felt,  E.  P 57 

Fulton,  B.  B 57 

Gaige,  F.  M 63 

Griswold,  G.  H 57 

Hamlin,  J.  C 268 


INDEX 


303 


Holland,  W.  J 58,  157 

Howard,  L.   0 203 

Howe,  E.  W 268 

Hungerford,    H.    B 57 

Jones,  C.  R 268 

Jones,  L 268 

Kelly,  E.  G 268 

Kirtland,  J.  P 57 

Klots,  A.  B 219 

List,  G.  M 268 

Mackie,   A 167 

Marshall,   G.   A.   K 191 

McCampbell,  S.  C 268 

Mclndoo,  N.  E 58 

McMillan,  G.  B 33 

Metcalf,    C.    L 58 

Needham,  J.  G 57 

Newton,  R 268 

Osborn,  H 57 

Palmer,  M.  A 268 

Palmer,  S.  C 33,  157 

Parker,   R.   L 268 

Patch,  E.  M 57 

Quayle,  H.  J 58 

Reeves,  G.  1 268 

Rehn,  J.   A.  G 57 

Sherman,  F 58 

Smith,   R.  C 268 

Tulloch,  G.  S 58 

Weed,  A 57 

Whitehead,  F.  E 268 

Wilbur,  D.  A 268 

Wilson,  F.  H 58 

Wilson,  J.  W 57 

REVIEWS 

Bradley  :  A  Laboratory  guide 
to  the  study  of  the  wings 
of  Insects  238 

Manual  of  the  genera  of 
Beetles  88 

Suggestions  for  the  Instruc- 
tor 238 


The  teaching  of  the  prin- 
ciple of  Homologies  to 
elementary  classes  in  Biol- 
ogy, and  the  use  of  Phylo- 
genetic  series  in  the  Labor- 
atory    238 

The     venation     of      Insects' 

wings     238 

Byers  :     A  contribution  to  the 
knowledge  of  Florida  Odon- 

ata    145 

Holland:     The  Butterfly  Book  291 
I nuns:       Recent     advances     in 

Entomology     209 

Social   behavior  in  Insects..   292 
Ochs :       Relationships     of    the 

Gyrinidae    55 

Staig :  The  Fabrician  types  of 
Insects  in  the  Hunterian 
Collection  at  Glasgow  Uni- 
versity (Coleoptera,  Part  1)  263 
Strong  :  The  African  Repub- 
lic of  Liberia  and  the  Bel- 
gian Congo  93 

Vignon :       Introduction     a     la 

Biologic  Experimentale   ....   176 
Weiss    and   Ziegler :      Thomas 
Say,  early  American  Natur- 
alist         90 

Weismann :      The    composition 

of  the  head  of  Insects 28 

Wheeler :        Demons      of     the 
dust    123 

GEOGRAPHICAL 

DISTRIBUTION 

Arizona:      Odon.    178.     Orth.   204. 
California :     Dip.  3,  5,  283.     Hem. 

270.     Hym.  77.    Lep.  201.     Odon. 

49,   178.     Orth.     204. 
Colorado:     Orth.  2,  65. 
Connecticut:     Dip.   108.     Lep.  201. 
District    of    Columbia :      Col.    203. 

Neur.  203.     Orth.  204. 
Delaware :     Col.  28. 


304 


INDEX 


Florida :     Dip.  26,  219,  227.     Hem. 

58.      Hym.    9.      Lep.    9.      Odon. 

114,  145,  fossil  151.       Orth.  204. 

Georgia:   Lep.  109,  247,  271.   Odon. 

114. 

Idaho:     Lep.  9.     Hym.  9. 
Illinois :     Dip.  242. 
Kansas:     Lep.    111.     Orth.   65. 
Louisiana  :     Dip.  27,  178. 
Massachusetts:     Dip.  108. 
Maryland:     Dip.   106,   107. 
Maine:      Arach.     138.      Col.     139. 

Dip.  106. 
Michigan :    Col.  36.    Dip.  35.  Hem. 

37.     Hym.  9,  36.     Lep.  9.     Orth. 

37. 
Minnesota:       Col.      13.       Dip.     4. 

Orth.  204. 

Mississippi :      Hym.    16.      Myr.   78. 
Missouri:     Lep.  15,  24.    Hym.  199. 
Montana :     Lep.  9.     Hym.  9. 
North  Carolina:     Odon.   114. 
Nebraska:     Lep.   125. 
New  Hampshire  :     Dip.   105. 
New  Jersey:     Col.  139.     Dip.  4. 
New   Mexico:      Col.    112.     Dip.   5. 

Orth.  65. 
New   York:      Dip.    106,    108,    241. 

Lep.  44. 
Ohio:      Dip.    107,    108.      Hym.    10. 

Lep.  10.     Odon.  63. 
Oklahoma:     Odon.  276.     Orth.  65. 
Oregon:     Dip.  105.     Lep.  1,  12. 
Pennsylvania :      Dip.  4.     Hym.   67. 

Orth.  204. 
South    Carolina:      Col.     140,    269.' 

Dip.  140,  219.     Hym.  269.    Odon. 

114. 
South   Dakota:     Col.   50.     Dip.  4. 

Lep.  257.     Neur.   171.     Orth.  65. 
Tennessee:     Col.  28.    Lep.  247,  271. 

Odon.    114. 

Texas:     Dip.  5,  280.     Orth.  65. 
Utah:     Hem.  40,  68. 
Virginia :     Neur.  83. 


Washington:     Col.  140.     Dip.  104, 

106,  140.     Lep.   13. 
Wisconsin :     Lep.  287. 
West  Virginia:     Col.  202.     Neur. 

202. 

Africa:     Dip.  82,    123.     Odon.  82. 
Alaska:     Dip.  179. 
Asia:     Acar.   191.     Col.  55.     Dip. 

123,  168. 
Canada:       Col.     139.       Lep.     157. 

Orth.  33. 
Central   America:      Dip.    170,    178. 

Odon.    178,   186. 
Europe:      Acar.     138.      Dip.     123. 

Lep.  188. 

Hawaii:     Col.   139. 
Mexico:       Dip.     124,      168,     285. 

Odon.  178. 
South  America :     Arach.  192.     Col. 

139,  222.     Dip.   170,  286. 
West   Indies:      Dip.    72,    124,    169. 

Hym.  277.     Lep.  220. 

ACARINA 

Lcptns  (phalangii) 

Mites,   Oil   Palm 191 

Parasitidae     137 

phalan-ci'n,  Leptns  137 

fihyllo.rcrac,  Rhisogly'phus    .  .  .    138 
Rhisoglyphus   ( phylloxeras) 

Trombidiidae     137 

Tyroglyphidae     137 

umbilica,  Uropoda  137 

Uropoda   (mnl'ilica) 

Uropodidae    137 

ARACHNIDA 

alaus,   Chclifcr    138 

Chelifcr   (alaus) 
Chcrncs   (inichaclsoiii ) 

michaclsonl,   Chcrncs    194 

Paracherncs*   (ronnaii) 
Pencetia   (viridans) 

ronnaii*,  Paracherncs 192 

viridans,  Pencetia    138 


INDEX 


305 


COLEOPTERA 

Agonoderus  (pallipcs) 
Agriotes  (lincatus,  manciis,  ob- 

scurns) 
Alans  (oculatns) 

amcricanns,   Mcloc    54 

Anthicidae    202 

Anthicus      (ccri'inns,      cinctus, 

haldcmanni,  hcroicns,   pnbcs- 

ccns) 

ati'ipcnnis.  Zonitis   54 

atcrima,    Paria    canclla    36 

hadipcs,  Staphylinus   139 

Beetle,   Mexican   Bean 58 

Beetles,    Manual   of   genera   of     88 

bicolor,   Ncmognatha    55 

bignttata,   Lytta    54 

bilincata,   Zonitis    54 

brcvicollis,  Ncbria   139 

Broscus    (ccphalotcs) 

Buprestidae   (list  of  species)  .  .   270 

calceatus,  Ophonns    139 

Calcndra    (pcrtina.r) 

californicus,  Linwnius  ....139,  162 

callosa,  Epicanta    52 

Calosoina   (cancellatnin) 

canadensis,   Dendr aides    13 

cancellation,  Calosoina  139 

Carabidae   139 

carbonaria,   Elcodcs    112 

ccphalotcs,    Broscus    139 

cen'inus,   Anthicus    203 

Chrysomelidae     36 

Cicindela     (purpitrca,    ritfivcn- 

tris) 

Cicindelidae    138,   141 

cine  tits,  Anthicus   203 

cincrea,  Epicanta    52 

Classification,  Status  of  Leng's     76 

confcrtns,  Henous   54 

conjnsnm,    Tribal  in  in    126 

coiniiutnis,  Mclanotus   138 

corvina,,  Epicanta   52 

Curculionidae    36 

dakotana,  Pyrota   51 


Dcndroidcs   ( canadensis) 

depressus,  Pasimachns   265 

Dynastcs   (tityns) 

Elater   (obscnrns,  ruficandis) 

Elateridae     137 

Elcodcs    (carbonaria) 

engelmanni,  Pyrota   51 

Epicanta  (callosa,  cincrea,  fcr- 
riKjinca,  Icmniscata,  macu- 
lata,  pennsylvanica,  scricans, 
trichrus) 

Fabrician   types    263 

fcrrnginca,  Epicanta    51 

Food  requirements  for  pupa- 
tion    13 

Gnathiitni    (  minimum  ) 

Gyrinidae »55 

haldcmanni,  Anthicus   203 

Henons   (confertus) 

heroicus,  Anthicns  202 

Horistonotus   (nlilcri) 

immacnlata,   Macrobasis    53 

innnacnlata,   Ne-mognatha    ....      55 

lemniscata,  Epicanta  52 

Limonius  (californicns,  pilosns, 
snbanratns) 

lineatus,  Agriotes    139 

lividus,  Moiwcrcpidins   139 

Incitblandns,  Poccilus   139 

Inrida,   Ncmognatha    54 

hitca,   Ncmognatha    55 

Lytta         (bignttata,        niittalli, 

sphaericollis) 

Macrobasis  (iininacnlata,  inn- 
rina,  scymcntata,  nnicolor) 

inacnlata,  Epicauta    52 

mad i Jus,  Stcropns   139 

mancus,   Agriotes    13<S 

Melandryidae     13 

Melanotns  (communis) 
Mcloc   (a'incricanns) 

Meloidae     50 

minimum,  Cnathiitin    54 

Monocrepidius  (Ih'idns,  rcs- 
pertinus) 


306 


INDEX 


Mononychus   (vitlpcculus) 

murina,   Macrobasis    53 

Ncbria  (brevicollis) 
Nemognatha  (bicolor,  immacu- 

lata,   lurida,   lutea,   nigripcn- 

nis,  palliata) 

nigripcnnis,  Nemognatha   55 

Notaris   (puncticollis) 

nuttalli,  Lytta  54 

obscunis,  Agriotcs 163 

obscurus,   Elatcr    137 

oculatus,  Alans  137 

Ophonns    (calccatns) 

palliata,  Nemognatha    55 

pallipes,   Agonodcrus    266 

Paria   (aterinia) 
Pasimachus    (depresses) 

Pennsylvania,  Epicauta   52 

pertinax,   Calcndra    36 

pilosus,  Liinonius  139 

Poecilus  (lucublandus) 

pubcsccns,  Anthicus    203 

punctata,  Synchroa    13 

puncticollis,  Notaris   36 

pur  pur  ea,  Cicindcla   141 

Pyrochroidae     13 

Pyrota  (dakotana,  cngclinauiii) 

riificaudis,    Elatcr    137 

rufiventris,    Cicindcla    138 

Scaphinotus   (unicolor) 

Scarabaeidae    28 

Scarites   (subtcrrancus) 

scgnicntata,  Macrobasis   54 

scricans,  Epicauta    52 

spliacricollis,  Lytta    54 

stansburyi,   Tricrania    54 

Staphylinidae     139 

StaphyUiuts    ( bad i PCS) 
Stcropus    (inadidus) 

sitbanratits,  Liinonius    140 

subterrancus,   Scarites    139 

Synchroa    (punctata) 

Tenebrionidae      112 

tityus,  Dynastcs   28 

Tribolium   (  confusinn ) 


trichrus,  Epicauta 51 

Tricrania    (stansburyi) 

uhlcri,  Horistonotus    138 

unicolor,   Macrobasis    53 

unicolor,  Scaphinotus   265 

vespertinus,  Monocrcpidins. .  . .  138 

vulpeculus,  Mononychus    36 

Zonitis    (atripcnnis,   bilincata) 

DIPTERA 

abstcrsa,    Tcphritis    3 

Acronarista    (connttti,    mirabi- 

lis) 

acutangula,   Tcphritis    4 

Acdcs   (cgypti) 

acnca,  Chactopsis  35 

acstuans,  Era.v   158 

Agromysa      (conunclinac,     in- 

acqualis,  ipomacae,  maculosa, 

parvicornis,  plumiscta ) 

Agromyzidae     72 

aldrichi,  Psiloccphala    140 

aincricana*,  Hydrcllia    106 

angiistifacics,  Stcnochthcra    .  .  .    170 
Anopheles  (jiincstus,  ganibiac) 
Aphiochacta    (chactonciira) 

Asilidae    140 

baia*}   Ochthcra    169 

bastardi,  Promachus   158 

brevipcnnis,  Proctacanthus . . .  .    140 

bitllata,   Sarcophaga    227 

cancsccns*,  Ochthcra 168 

chuctoncura,  Aphiochacta 36 

Chactopsis    (acnca) 

Chironomidae    82 

clavis,  Macrosargus    35 

Collection  of  C.   F.  Adams...     25 
Comasarcophaga*    ( tc.rana ) 

conunclinac*,  Agromyza    72 

comstocki,  Vermileo  123 

cornuta*,  Acronarista   26 

Corodonta    (dorsalis) 

crassipcs*,   Hydrcllia    107 

Cule.r   (quinqitcfasciatus) 
Culicidae    .  .25,     94 


INDEX 


307 


dcccns,  Hydrcllia   107 

dorsalis,  Corodonta    36 

Drosophila   sp 36 

egressa,  Thcrcva    140 

egypti,  Aedes   94 

Ela cli iptcra   (  n igriceps ) 

Ephydridae   . . ." 57,   104,  168 

Erax   (aestuans) 
Exorista    (larvarnm) 

fairchildi,    Vcrmitigris    123 

fitchii,  Promachits   158 

Fossil   Diptera    211 

floridcnsis,  Sarcophaga  227 

Fruit    Fly,    Mediterranean....  58 

fitncstns.   Anopheles    96 

gambiac.   Anopheles    96 

hclicus,  Sarcophaga  228 

Horseflies  of  Louisiana 178 

Hydrcllia  (aincricana,  crassi- 
pes.  dcccns,  inorrisoni,  noti- 
philoidcs,  platygastra,  pitl/a. 
serena,  subnitcns) 

impar,  Sarcophaga    227 

inacqualis,  Agromyza   75 

ipoinaeac*,   Agromyza    74 

Lamproinyia  spp 123 

laruarum,  Exorista    9 

loreta*,  Ochthcra   168 

Macrosargus   (clavis) 

inacitlosa,  Agromyza  76 

Masiccra   (scnilis) 

tnirabilis,   Acronarista    26 

•morrisoni*,  Hydrcllia   105 

•imnida.  Psiloccpliala    140 

Miiscina    (stabulans) 

Mycetophilidae    25 

nig  rice  ps,  Elachiptcra   36 

nii/rita,  Stunnia    11 

notiphiloidcs*.  Hydrcllia    108 

nox*,  Sarcophaga    217 

occidna,  Sarcophagula    227 

Ochthcra  (baia,  canescens,  lor- 
eta, paintcri,  wrighti) 

opacus,  Vermilco   123 

paintcri*,  Ochthcra    169 


Parasites    39 

parvicornis,  Agromyza   76 

pedunculata* ,  Sarcophaga    ....   284 

pictipennis,  Psiloccphala    140 

Platychirus    (quadratus) 

platygastra^,  Hydrcllia    105 

plinthopyga,  Sarcophaga    227 

plitiniscta,  Agromyza    76 

Proctacanthus  (brcvipcnnis) 
Promachits    (bastard i,  fitchii) 
Psiloccphala    (aldriclii,    innnda, 
pictipennis) 

/>////«*,  Hydrcllia    108 

qnadratits,  Platychirus   35 

quinqucjasciatns,   Cnlcx    94 

rcgalis,  Stenochthcra 170 

Sarcophaga  (bitllata,  floridcn- 
sis, helicns,  impar,  nox,  pc- 
dnncnlata,  plinthopyga,  sccl- 
esta,  semimarginalis,  sinyn- 
laris,  sternodontis,  u'elchi) 

Sarcophagidae 217,  227,  280 

Sarcophagidae,  larval  food. . . .   227 
Sarcophaginae,    Biological    ob- 
servations    227 

Sarcophagula    (occidna) 
Sarothromyia    (simplex) 

scclcsta*,  Sarcophaga  285 

seiniinarginalis*,   Sarcophaga..  283 

scnilis,  Masiccra 11 

serena*,  Hydrellia   104 

simplex,   Sarothromyia    je-mor- 

alis  227 

Simuliidae    241 

Siinnlinin    (i-ittatnin ) 

singnlaris,  Sarcophaga    227 

stabulans,  Muscina    11 

Stenochthcra  (angnstifacics, 
regalis,  triornata) 

sternodontis,  Sarcophaga   227 

Sturmia    (nigrita) 

subnitcns*,  Hydrcllia    106 

Syrphidae     179 

Tabanidae    94 

Tachinidae     ....  26 


308 


INDEX 


Tcphritis      (abstcrsa,     acutan- 

gula,  ivolffi) 

texana*,  Comasarcophaga 280 

Thcrcva    (egressa) 

Therevidae     140 

Tipulidae    94 

triornata,  Stenochthera 170 

Trypetidae    3 

vermileo,  Vermileo    123 

Vcrmilco     (comstocki,    of>aqits, 

vermileo) 
Vermitigris   ( fa irch ildi ) 

vittatnm,  Simuliiim    241 

u'olffi*,    Tcphritis 5 

Worm-lions    123 

ivrighti*,  Ochthcra    169 

HEMIPTERA 

Adelphocoris    (supcrbus) 
Anasa    (tristis) 

antevolcns,  Anthocoris   68 

Anthocoridae     68 

Anthocoris    (antevolcns) 

Aphididae     140 

Aphis   (avenae,  gossypii) 

arundinis,  Hyaloptcrus  37 

Atomoscelis    (modcstus) 

avenae.  Aphis   37 

ballii,  Thripsapliis   37 

Belostomidae     69 

Campylomma    (vcrbasci) 

carneola,  Dikraneura    72 

Carpocoris    ( rcmotus ) 

cassini,    Tibicen    58 

Chermidae    72 

Chlorochroa      (congrua,     sayi, 
uhleri) 

Cicadellidae    71 

Cicadidae    69 

Cimex    (lectnlariits) 

Citnicidae    43 

cincrea,  Picsma    43 

cockerelli,  Paratrioza   72 

comes,   Erythroncura    72 

communis,  Helochara   71 


congrua,  Chlorochroa   41 

Coreidae     42 

Corisclla   ( dispcrsa ) 

Corixidae    69,  270 

cnstator,   Thyanta    41 

Cydnidae     40 

dai'isi,   Tibicen    58 

dccoratus,    Gcocoris   pollens . . .     43 

dianthi,  Rhopalosiphnm    37 

Dikraneura   (carneola) 

dispcrsa,  Corisclla    270 

elisus,  Lygns  pratensis 68 

cricae,   Nysius    42 

Erythroncura    (comes) 
Eitphalcnis    (rcrinicitlosits) 
Enschistus      ( inflates,     servns, 

variolarius) 
Eutetti.i-    (tcncllus) 

ferns,  Nabis    43 

fra.Yinifolii,  Prociphilns    68 

Fulgoridae    72 

Geocoris    (decoratits) 

Gerridae    69 

gossypii,  Aphis  37 

granarium,  Macrosiplunn    ....     37 
Hcliria   (rnbidella) 
Helochara    (communis) 

lies perns,  Lygns  pratensis 68 

Heteroptera,      Utah      (list     of 

species )    40,     68 

Homoptera,      Utah      (list      of 

species)     69 

Hyaloptcnts    (arundinis) 

•inflatits,  Euschistus   41 

Ischnorhynchits    (reseda c) 

lectularins,  Cimcx   43 

Lcioscyta    ( tcstacca ) 
Lcptocoris  (trivittatus) 

limbolarius,   Pcribalns 40 

Lygaeidae     42 

Lygns    (elisus,    liespcrus,    pra- 
tensis) 
Macrosiplnim    (granarium) 

Membracidae     70 

Miridae  68 


INDEX 


309 


inodesta,  Publilia   

inodestus,  Atomoscclis   

Nabidae    

Nabis  (ferns) 

Neididae   

Notonectidae    

nymphacae,  Siphocorync   

Nysius   (cricac) 

pacified,  Stictoccphala    

Paratrioza   (cockerel I i) 

Pentatomidae     

Pcribalns    ( liinbolarius) 

pcrsicae,   Rhopalosiphum 

Phymatidae    

Picsina    (cincrca) 
Plagiognathus    (politus) 

politus,  Plagiognathus   

pirmaria,   Typhlocyba    

pratcnsis,  Lygits  

Prociphilus   (fra.rinifolii) 
Publilia   (inodcsta) 

Reduviidae     

reinotns,  Carpocoris    

resedae,  Ischnorhynchus    

Rhopalosiphum     (dianthi,    pcr- 

sicae  ) 

rubidclla,  Hcliria   

mficomis,  Trigonotylus 

rngulosa,  Thyanta   

sayi,   Chlorochroa    

Scutelleridae    

septemdecim,  Tibicen   

scrims,  Eitschistus  

Siphocoryne    (nymphacae) 
Stictocephala    ( pacifica) 

sitpcrbits,   Adclphocoris    

tettclliis,  Eutctti.r   

tcstaccu,    Lcioscyta    ferrugini- 

pcnnis    

T/iripsapliis   (hallii) 
Thyanta    (custator,  ritf/ulosa) 
Tilnccn     (cassini,    davisi,    scp- 

tondecini) 

Tingididae    

Trigonotylus  (ntficornis) 


71  tristis,  Anasa 42 

gg  trivittatus,  Leptocoris  42 

43  Typhlocyba  (ponwria) 

uhleri,  Chlorochroa  41 

42  variolarius,  Euscliistits  41 

59  I'crbasci,  Campylomma  69 

37  rennicitlosits,  Euphalerus  ....  72 

viridis,  Xerophloca  71 

71  Xerophloca  (viridis) 


40 


HYMENOPTERA 


albopilosuin,  Trypoxylon  200 

37      Alciodcs   (intcnncdius) 
43      Ancistrocerus   (fulvipcs) 

ancylivora,  Macroccntrus 9 

Andrenidae,  Oligolectic   226 

68      Ant,   Argentine    140 

72      Ants     240 

68      Apantclcs   (ciiictifonnis) 

Aphaenogaster   (carolincusis) 

a  it  ri pcs,  C Morion  200 

43       Beekeepers  Association,   Ohio.   180 
41       Bclomicnts    (franciscus) 

37      beniiitdensis,   Odyncnts    277 

beittcninueneri,       Dolichoderus 

plagiatus   pustitlatus    22 

71       bicolor,  Eurytoma   36 

68      Bicyrtes    (qitadrifasciata) 

41      Braconidae     94 

41      brevicornis,  Lasius   23 

40  caementarium,  Sceliphron  ...9,  200 
58      Camponotus      (discolor,     obli- 

41  <iuits) 

Carolina,  Stictia    269 

carolincnsis,  Aphaenogaster  tc.r- 

68          ana   17 

71       Casi>iaria   (genuina) 

Cerceridae    2o9 

71       Ccrccris     (fiiniipoinis,     inandi- 
bitlaris) 

Clilorimi    (aitripcs) 

Chrysididae    199 

Chrysis   (liniinifera,  sp. ) 
43      cinctiformis.  Apantclcs 10 

clavatum,   Trypoxylon    200 


310 


INDEX 


claviger,  Lasius    23 

columba,    Trcmc.v    67 

Diauliiuis   (pulchripcs) 

discolor,  Camponotus  caryac..     22 

Dolichodems    (bcutcnmuclleri) 

Dorylinae     16 

Eciton    (me.ricanum ) 

El  is   (Carolina) 

Eurytoma   (bicolor) 

flavits,  Leptothora.v  pcrgandei .      18 

floridensis,     Leptothprax     pcr- 

gandci   18 

Formicinae     22 

Formica  (intcgra ) 

foveoloccphala,  Stcnaiinna   ....      17 

francisciis*,  Belomicrus   77 

fith'ipes,  Ancistrocerus  200 

fitmipcnnis,  Ccrccris   269 

genuina,  Casiiiaria   9 

inqiiisitoriella,   Pimpla    9 

Integra,  Formica   tnincicola .  .  .     22 

intcnnediiis,  Alciodcs   9 

lamia,  Phcidolc  21 

laininifcra,  Chrysis    199 

Larval  wasp  food   269 

Lasius    (brevicornis,    clavigcr) 
Leptothora.Y    (flaz>iis,    floridan- 

us,  spinosus,  wheeleri") 
Macrocentrus    (ancylivora) 

mandibtilaris,  Ccrccris   269 

mexicannm,  Eciton    16 

mobilcnsis,    Solenopsis    globit- 

laria     20 

Monobia    (quadridcns) 
Myrmica    (spatiilata) 

obliqiius,  Camponotus  23 

Odyncrus  (bcrnntdcnsis,  palac- 

ophilus) 

ornata,  Strumigcnys   19 

palacophilus,  Odyncrus  (fossil)  212 

pallipcs,   Polistcs    200 

Parasites    38 

pergandci,  Solcnopsis   20 

Pheidolc    (lamia) 

pilinasis,  Strnm'ujcnys  clypcata     19 


Piinpla   (inqiiisitoriella) 
Polistcs  (pallipcs) 

pitlchripcs,   Dianlimts    39 

quadridcns,    Monobia    200 

qitadrifasciata,  Bicyrtcs    269 

Rogas    (stigmator) 
Sccliphron    (cacmcntariitin) 

Siricidae   67 

Solenopsis      (mobilcnsis,      pcr- 

(/andei) 
spatnlata,  Myrmica  schcncki .  .     21 

Sphecidae   77 

Sphegoidea     199 

spinosus,   Leptothora.v   pcnjan- 

dci-floridanus     19 

stcnainma    (jovcoloccphala) 
Stictia    (Carolina) 

stigmator,  Rogas   9 

striatidcns,  Tctranioriiim    21 

Strumigcnys  (ornata,  pilinasis) 
Tctramoriuni    (striatidcns ) 
Trcmc.v    (colnmba) 
Trypo.vylon  (albopilosuin,  clav- 

atit'in  ) 

Vespidae     277 

Vespoidea     199 

zvhcelcri,  Leptothora.v    18 

LEPIDOPTERA 

Acronyctinae   250 

Acllopos    (titan) 

Agaristidae    287 

Agrotinae     248 

albovcnosa,  Arsilonclic   9 

alopc,  Cercyonis  110 

Alypia   (langtoni) 

amphidusa,  Colias  ciirytheine .  .   201 

Anarta    (richardsoni) 

Apatela    (oblinita) 

aquilo,  Plcbius   157 

Archanara   (subcarnca) 
Archips   (obsolctana) 

Arctiidae   275,  287 

Arctiinae    275 

Argynnis    (cybele,  diana) 


INDEX 


311 


Arsilonchc    (albovcnosa) 

arctica,  Oeneis  scmidca 157 

Arzama   (obi i qua) 

astyana.r,   Basilarchia    110 

Bactra    (inaiorina) 

Baileya    (ophthalmica ) 

Barnes   Collection    58 

Basilarchia    ( astyana.r ) 

biselliella,  Tincola 57 

Blcptina   (sangamonia) 

Brenthis       (butlcri,       improba, 
polaris,  tarqiiinius) 

butlcri,    Brenthis    157 

Butterflies      of      Northeastern 
Georgia     109 

Butterflies,       Unusual      occur- 
rences of  201,  287 

Cacoecia    (rosaccana) 

carditi,  Cynthia  110 

carncicosta,      Panapoda      rufi- 
maruo    272 

Catocalinae     271 

Catopsilia   (ciibnlc,  philea) 

ce crops,  Strymon   110 

Cercyonis  (o/o/v  ) 

Characoma    (nilotica) 

Choranthus  (lilliae) 

claitdia.  Euptoicta    110 

cocnia,  Jnnonia   110 

Coleophara  sp 10 

Colias   (amphidnsa,  eurytlicmc, 
nastes,   pel  id  nc,   philodicc) 

eoinyntas,  Ereres  110 

Cuculliinae  249 

cybclc.   Art/ynnis    110 

Cynthia,   (canliti,  In/nlem) 

Danaidae    109 

Dtinais   (plexippus) 

daitntts.   Papilio    Ill 

diana,  Argynnis   110 

Dicymolomia    (jiiliaiiulis)  ..24,  287 

Diane    (vanillac) 

Diurnal        Butterflies,        night 
flight     24,  2S7 

Drepanidae    276 


Endothaenia   (hcbcsana} 

Erastriinae  252 

Erebinae   272 

Ercsia   (rossi) 
Eublamma    ('inininiti ) 

eitbitle,    CatopsUia    109 

Euparthenos  (nubilus) 
Euptoicta    (claudia) 

eurythcine,   Culitis    109 

Euteliinae     252 

Evcrcs   (cotnyntas) 

fcinlcri*,  Plebcjns  maricopa...        1 

f/cinina,  Neonympha    110 

Geometridae     276 

Glaucopsychc    (pseudargiolus ) 

Hadeninae    249 

hcl'csana,    Endothaenia     10 

Hesperidae    110,  220 

heu'esi*,  Melitaea    12 

huntcra,   Cynthia    110 

Hypeninae    273 

liypophlcas,  Lycacna    110 

iniproba,  Brenthis    157 

jnlianalis,  Dicymolomia    11 

Jitnonia   (cocnia) 

Lacosomidae    276 

langtoni,  Alypia    287 

Lacosomidae    276 

landabilis,  Polia    249 

Icciitima,  Polia    249 

len,   Spratjncia    252 

lilliae*,  Choranthus   220 

lisa,  Tcrias  109,  202 

Lycacna    (hypophlcas) 

Lycaenidae     110 

f.yiniKiccia   (phragmitella ) 

Macronoctua    (onnsta) 

inaf/nits,    Parnassiits   s-niinthciis  257 

maiorina,  Bactra    11 

Marked        Cutworm         Moths 

(tables)     45,     46 

inclinns,   Strymon    110 

Melitaea    (hncesi) 

ATicropterygidae  (fossil)    211 

minima.  Eitl'laniina    252 


312 


INDEX 


miscra,  Oligia  250 

mitographa,  Oxycilla    273 

nanus,  Parnassius  sminthcus..  257 

nastcs,  Colias   157 

Neonympha    (gemma) 

New   Butterfly   Book... 291 

nicippc,  Tcrias    109 

nilotica,   Characoma    271 

Noctuidae    44,  247 

Nolinae     275 

Nonagria   (oblonga,  subflava) 

norna,  Oeneis   157 

Notodontidae     275 

mtbilis,  Euparthcnos   271 

Nymphalidae   12,  201,  287 

oblinita,   A  pat  da    9 

obliqua,  Arzama  11 

oblonga,  Nonagria   10 

obsolctana,  Ar chips   11 

Oligia    (miscra) 

Oeneis     (arctica,    norna,     tay- 

</ctc) 

onnsta,    Macronoctua    8 

ophthalmica,   Bailcya    271 

ornatrix,   Utcthcisa    287 

Oxy cilia    (mitographa} 
Panapoda    (carncicosta) 

Pantheinae     272 

Papilio   (daitnus,  philenor,  pol- 

y.renes,   troilits,  turnus) 

Papilionidae    109,  111 

Parahypcnodcs    (quadralis) 
Parnassius  (magints,  nanus) 

pclidne,   Colias    157 

philea,  Catopsilia.  .15,  201,  279,  287 

philenor,   Papilio    109 

philodice,  Colias  201 

phragmitella,  Lymnaccia    10 

Phyciodes   (tharos) 

Pieridae  15,  109,  201,  279 

Pieridae,  generic  synonymy...   253 

Picris   (protodicc,  rapac) 

Plebeius   (aquilo) 

Plebejits   (fcnderi) 

plexippus,  Dana-is 109 


Plusiinae     272 

polaris,   Brcnthis    157 

Polia   (landabilis,  Icgitima} 
Polyphemus    larvae,     Metathe- 

tely     

polyphcmus,  Tdca   125 

polyxcncs,  Papilio    109 

protodicc,  Picris  109 

pseudargiolus,  Glanco psyche ...  110 

Pyralidae    276 

quad  rails,  Parahypcnodcs 273 

rapac,  Picris   109 

richardsqni,   Anarta    157 

rosaccana,  Cacoccia  11 

rossi,  Ercsia    157 

ritisa,  Trichoclea    249 

sangamonia,  Blcptina    274 

Sarrothripinae     271 

Saturniidae    125 

Satyridae    HO 

Sphingidae  287 

Spragncia  (leo) 

Spreading  board    256 

5 'try man    (cccrops,   inclinns) 

Sub-sub-specific   names    213 

subcarnea,  Archanara   10 

subflava,  Nonagria    10 

tarqitiniiis,   Brcnthis    157 

taygetc,  Oeneis 157 

Telea   (polyphcmus) 
Tcrias  (lisa,  nicippc) 
Tincola   (bisclliclla) 

titan,  Adlopos   287 

tliaros,   Phyciodes    110 

Trichoclea   (ruisa) 

troilus,  Papilio    109 

tnrnns,  Papilio    109 

Utcthcisa    (ornatri.v ) 
Fancssa    (virginicnsis) 

vanillac,  Dionc   110 

Variants,  Naming  individual . .  80 

virginicnsis,    Vanessa    287 

MALLOPHAGA 

caponis,  Lipeurits  195 


INDEX 


313 


dissimilis,  Goniodcs   .  .  . 195 

gallinac,  Menopon   195 

(joniocotcs   (holngastcr) 
Goniodcs   ( dissiin His ) 
heterographus,   Lipeurus. . .  .58,  195 

liolni/astcr,   (joniocotcs    195 

lawrcnsis,  Lipeurus   199 

Lipeurus       (caponis,      hclcrn- 
graphus)      lawrettsis,      tropi- 
cal is} 
Mcnopon    (gallinac} 

Philopteridae     195 

tropicalis*,  Lipeurus   195 

MYRIOPODA 

birdi*,   Eurymerodesmus    101 

Chilopoda,    list    of    Oklahoma 

species     97 

Diplopoda,    list    of    Oklahoma 

species     98 

Eurymerodesmus    (birdi,   miin- 

dus) 
F  ontaria    (lanicllidcns ) 

lamellidens*,  Fontaria    78 

mundus*,  Eurymerodesmus  . . .    KIJ 

oklahoniac*,  Spirobolits    98 

Orthoporus   (wichitanus) 
Spirobolits    (oklahomae) 

ivichitanus* ,   Ortlwporus    99 

Xystodesmidae    98 

NEUROPTERA 

Aphis  Lion   83,  171 

Chrysopidae    83,  171 

cornnta,  Corydalis   202 

Corydalis   (cornuta) 

Sialididae    202 

ODONATA 

Aeshna    (uinbrosa] 

Aeschninae     115 

Agrion     (diniidiatuni,    macula- 
turn) 

Agrioninae     116 

Agrionidae  63,  64,  276 


.•lua.r   (junius,  zvalsinghami) 

Archilcstcs    (grandis) 

(iniuitus.   Dromogomphus    ....  119 

arteriosa,   Trithemis   82 

aiisfralis.   Gomphus    148 

halteaht,  Macrodiplax   146 

basidcns,  Enallagnia    276 

bclla,  Nannothemis 49,  151 

be  re  nice,  lirythrodipla.r    148 

Bibliographia    Odonatologica  246 
Ceratopogonine  midges  on  wings    82 

civile,  Enallagina   64 

Coenagrioninae     117 

Corduliinae    115 

Coryphacschna    ( iiu/cns) 

credula,    Ischnura     146 

Dragonflies,  common  names...  46 

Dragonflies,      Dixie      (list      of 
species)     112 

diinidialuiii,    Agrion     146 

Dromogomphus  (annatns ) 
Dytheiuis    ( rufiucrvis} 

clongata,  Soinatochlora    118 

Eiiallafjina    (basidens,  civile) 
Epiaeschna    (hcros) 
Erythrodipla.r    (berenice,    iniu- 

uscula,  uuibrata) 
Erythcinis    (siuiplicieollis) 

jcrntginca,    Orthcinis    146 

Florida   Odonata    145 

tieoriiina,  Macrninia   118,  146 

Gomphinae     114 

Gomphus    (australis) 

i/niudis,  Archilcstcs   63,     64 

hcros,  Epiaeschna    49 

ingens,  Coryphacschna   49 

I . •icli  n  lira      (credula,     ramburii. 

I'crticalis) 

1 11  n  ins.  .hia.r    49,     64 

Lcstcs    ( rcctangularis ) 

I.estinae    116 

Libellulinae     115,  184 

linearis,  Soinatoclilora    146 

longipennis,  Pachydiplax  . .  .49,  147 
Macrodipla.v 


314 


INDEX 


Macromia     (gcorgina,     taenio- 
lata) 

maculatum,  Ayrion    146 

microstigma,   Orthctntm    82 

iniiutscnla,  Erytkrodiplax 148 

Nannothemis    ( bclla ) 
Orthemis   (ferrugined ) 
Orihctrum    (microstigma ) 
Pachydiplax    (loin/ipcnnis ) 

ramburii.  Ischmtra    146 

rcctangularis,  Lcstcs  146 

Ris    Collection    190 

rufinervis,  Dythcmis   150 

salva,  Telcbasis  49,  146 

simflicic  oil-is,  Erythcmis    147 

Somatochlora     (cloiigata,    line- 
ar is} 

Sympetrnm    (vicinum  ) 
Tachoptery.v    (thorcyi) 

tacniolata,  Macromia    118 

Telcbasis   (salra) 

thoreyi,  Tachoptery.v   146,  151 

Trithcmis  (arteriosa) 

nmbrata,  Erythrodiplax  146 

umbrosa,  Aeshna   64 

verticalis,  Ischnura    64 


vicinum,  Sympctrum  64 

ivalsinyhami ,  Anax   49 

ORTHOPTERA 

aztcca,   Holocompsa    204 

Blattidae     204 

borcalis,  Melanoplus  33 

Capucinclla    (delicatula) 

caraibea,  Eurycotis    204 

Composition  of  the  head 28 

Conoccphalus  spp 37 

delicatula,  Capncinella   204 

Diaphcromcra    (fcmorata,    me- 
sillana,  veliei) 

dimidiata,  Eurycotis   204 

Eurycotis  (caraibea,  dimidiata) 

jasciatus,  Nctnobius    57 

fcmorata,  Diaphcromcra    65 

Hcmiblabcra    (tenebricosa) 
Holocompsa    (aztcca,   nitidula) 
Melanoplns  (borcalis) 
mcsillana,  Diaphcromcra  reliei    65 
Nemobius   (jasciatus) 

nitidula,  Holoco-.npsa    204 

Phasmidae    2 

tenebricosa,  Hemiblabcra  204 

reliei,  Diaphcromcra    2,     65 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


VOLUME    XL1II,    1932 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


PHILIP  P.  CALVERT,  PH.  D.,  EDITOR 

ASSOCIATE    EDITORS  : 
E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR.  R.  G.  SCHMIEDER,  PH.  D. 


ADVISORY   COMMITTEE  : 

PHILIP  LAURENT  J.  A.  G.  REHN 

CHARLES  LIEBECK  JOHN  C.  LUTZ 

J.  CHESTER  BRADLEY,  PH.  D.  MAX  KISLIUK,  JR. 

FRANK  MORTON  JONES,  Sc.  D.  WM.  W.  CHAPMAN 


PUBLISHED  BY 
THE  AMERICAN  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.: 

THE  ACADEMY    OF   NATURAL   SCIENCES 
LOGAN  SQUARE 

1932 


The  several  numbers  of  the  NEWS  for  1932  were   mailed  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  as  follows: 

No.  1— January January  11,  1932 

"     2— February February  4 

"     3— March  February  29 

"     4-April April  6 

"     5— May  May  12 

"    6— June June  15 

"     7— July July  12 

"    8— October October  10 

"    9 — November November  14 

"  10 — December...  ...December  9 


Subscriptions  for  1932  now  Payable. 

JANUARY,  1932 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLIII 


No.  1 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931, 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Parker—  Notes  on  a  Collecting  Spot  in  France  and  a  Chalcid  Larva 

(Stilbula  cynipiformis  Rossi).     (Hymenop.  ;  Eucharidae).  .    .    . 
Payne—  Duration  of  the  Pupal  Stage  of  Tenebrio  molitor  Linnaeus  at 

Constant  and  at  Alternating  Temperatures  (Coleop.  :  Tenebri- 

onidae)  .......  ............ 

Klyver  —  Biological  Notes  and  New  Records  of  North  American  Cher- 

midae  (Homoptera)  .......  .... 

Rodeck  —  Nomada  amorphae  Swenk  in  Colorado  fHym.  :  Nomadidae) 
Rolfs  —  Some  Malformations  Noted  in  Genitalia  of  Phyllophaga  (Cole- 

optera  :  Scarabaeidae)    .    .    .  ......... 

O'Byrne  —  A  Melanic  Female  of  Colias  eurytheme  (Lepid.:  Pieridae)  . 
Wickwire  —  Notes  on  the  Larval  Stages  of  Melanchroia  cephise  (Lepid.  : 

Geometridae)  ..........  .......  ... 

Park  —  Abnormal  Antennae  in  Tragidion  (Coleop.:  Cerambycidae).  . 
Sherman  —  Booksellers'  Reprints  ................ 

U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  —  "  Termite  Treatment  "  Frauds  .    . 
Elson  —  Some  Observations  on  the  Predatory  Habits  of  Vespula  diabo- 

lica  (Hymen.:  Vespidae)  ................... 

Entomological  Literature      .................... 

Obituary  —  Andrew  Gray  Weeks,  Jr  ................. 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section   1. 

Act  of  October   3,   1917,  authorized  January   15,   1921. 


13 

J5 
16 

19 
20 

28 


-     ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

lintomological  Society.  , 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

-Associate  Editors.        . 

Advisory  Committee :  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  sibscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .         .        $3.00      ; 
Canada     .  ....          3.15 

Foreign  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

\DVFRTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS   or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  ot  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  bf  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
Additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to.  appear  without 
'livision. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tiVn,  'without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
fhey  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desifed  this  should  be 
stated  on  fhe  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  'authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
•he  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  'in 
each  case  on.  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
.authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired 

Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Fntomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M..  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August.  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies.  35  cents; 
.,!!«  ^  four  pages  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40:  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numberi 
•»f  coDies  will  he  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLIII.  JANUARY,    1932  No.  1 

Notes  on  a  Collecting  Spot  in  France  and  a  Chalcid 
Larva  (Stilbula  cynipiformis  Rossi). 

(Hymenop. :  Eucharidae). 

By  H.  L.  PARKER,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology. 

High  in  the  Gapeau  Valley  near  the  old  convent  of  Mon- 
trieux  before  the  clear  waters  of  this 'stream  come  out  on  to 
the  plains  below  Solies  Ville — where  they  are  sopped  up  by 
the  thirsty  irrigation  ditches — they  jump  along  through  shady 
lanes  for  several  miles.  Here  and  there  cold  springs  rush  out 
from  the  moss  and  ivy-covered  banks  to  join  the  passing  waters 
on  their  downward  journey. 

At  a  certain  point  which  I  well  know,  having  visited  it  many 
times,  there  is  a  small  plain  where  the  narrow  valley  tries  to 
widen  out  but  is  prevented  by  the  tree-covered  hills.  It  lies 
snug  at  the  foot  of  the  steep  hills  on  one  side  and  close  against 
the  river  on  the  other,  and  the  river  lies  close  to  the  opposite 
hill. 

Along  the  banks  of  the  stream,  even  in  August,  all  things  are 
fresh  and  cool.  The  moss  is  soft,  the  ferns  are  rank,  and  the 
ivy  twists  around  every  trunk.  Ten  yards  farther  out  there 
are  dogwood  bushes,  wild  plums,  roses  and  brambles,  clematis 
and  small  oaks  with  a  carpet  of  grass  tufts  thrown  in  carelessly 
among  them.  Farther  away  from  the  stream  by  twenty  yards 
the  carpet  changes  to  a  thick  layer  of  spiny  genet  in  order  to 
hide  the  ragged  edges  of  the  limestones  which  have  lain  in  their 
beds  for  a  thousand  years.  Here  the  Spanish  broom  and  the 
spiny  calycotome  hold  their  usual  lordly  place  among  the  mac- 
quis  and  over  the  whole  is  the  vague  dryish  provenqale  en- 
chantment of  mid-summer.  Moving  from  the  banks  of  the 
stream  to  the  foot  of  the  hill  is  like  passing  from  one  clime  to 
another.  Here  the  dragonflies  play  and  coveys  of  small  moths 
rise  from  the  ferns,  there  the  cigales  sing  praises  to  the  heat 
and  the  great  "eyed"  lizard*  suns  itself  on  the  Spanish  broom. 

l 

JAN  15  13:2 


2  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,   '32 

To  say  that  this  spot  is  a  collector's  paradise  would  be  some- 
what of  an  exaggeration.  It  is  a  good  collecting  place  for  a 
student  in  any  order.  Beetles  and  bugs  abound,  moths  and 
caterpillars  are  everywhere.  The  big  tents  of  the  pine  pro- 
cessionary  dot  the  plain  and  their  nests  are  full  of  parasites, 
the  dogwood  leaves  hide  Iponomeuta  and  she  in  turn  is  host 
to  thousands  of  chalcids.  The  dead  limbs  are  full  of  Xylocopa 
nests  abounding  in  cocoons  of  the  rare  Polochrum  parasite. 
Two  species  of  bumble  bees  have  their  nests  in  spots  which  I 
well  know,  the  undersides  of  the  limestone  rocks  are  thick  with 
wasp  nests,  and  their  holes  and  crevices  bear  colonies  of  sympa- 
thetic little  Lcptothorax.  Formica  1  nests  are  as  high  as  my 
knee  and  large  areas  are  roped  off  for  use  by  the  ferocious 
Camponotus "  while  their  cousins,  the  dark-loving  aethiops, 
have  built  themselves  mud  nests  in  the  midst  of  every  grass 
tuft  or  beside  every  stone.  The  closer  I  look  the  smaller  they 
become.  Here  is  the  little  Phcidolc  pallidiila,  its  tiny  neighbors 
Plagiolcpis  pygmaca,  Tctramorium  caespitutn,  and  minute  Sol- 
enopsis  fuga.v  and  their  nests  abound  in  inquilines  3  and  strange- 
built  proctotrypids. 

Here  then  is  a  fine  spot,  and  it  is  good  to  work  here  and  to 
browse  here  and  to  sit  here  and  think,  but  it  is  better  still  to 
sit  here  and  do  nothing.  Here  at  dusk  of  a  summer's  evening 
I  can  hear  the  distant  axes  of  the  charcoal  burners  and  bark 
takers,  I  can  hear  the  twelve  Chartreux  monks,  first  to  come 
from  their  long  exile  home  to  their  monastery  high  on  the 
hillside,  chant  with  lusty  lungs  their  praises  to  the  friendly 
forests  of  pine  and  cork  oak. 

But  back  to  the  plain;  if  I  have  wandered  away  from  the 
subject  I  have  not  wandered  from  the  plain  and  for  the  balance 
of  this  harangue  we  must  keep  in  the  second  zone  about  fifteen 
yards  from  the  stream  until  we  finish  our  work  there,  when 
we  adjourn  to  the  microscope. 

Here,  if  I  go  under  the  bushes  and  brambles,  and  open  one 

*  L.  ocellata  sometimes  attains  the  length  of  2^4  feet. 

1  F.  rnfa. 

zcruentatus. 

3  Solcnopsis  imitatrix  Wasm.    (et  al). 


xliii,  '32] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


of  the  mud  nests  of  C.  acthiops  at  this  time  of  year,  I  will  most 
certainly  find  cocoons  in  abundance  in  the  burrows  and  cham- 
bers near  the  top  of  the  nest.  I  must  be  quick  to  gather  them, 
however,  else  the  population  will  seize  upon  them  and  disappear 
into  the  darkness  below. 

Upon  examining  the  cocoons  I  find  that  they  are  of  several 
sizes.  There  is,  rarely,  a  huge  one  probably  bearing  a  queen, 
there  is  a  somewhat  smaller  one  bearing  wingless  workers  with 
big  heads,  another  of  about  the  same  size  bearing  winged  forms, 
probably  the  males,  and  still  smaller  ones  bearing  the  smaller 
and  more  abundant  workers.  In  some  nests  one  variety  of 
cocoon  will  be  present  almost  to  the  exclusion  of  others  such 
for  example  as  small  workers  while  in  another  nest  most  of 
the  cocoons  will  be  winged  forms. 

The  rare  parasite  Stilbula  cynipifonni*;  lives  as  a  larva  in 
the  cocoons  of  this  ant,  where  it  sucks  the  contents  from  the 


bodies  of  the  large-headed  worker  and  the  winged  form.  How 
the  small  larva  of  the  Stllutla  gets  into  the  nest  is  a  mystery, 
but  it  does  get  there,  for  I  have  found  it  upon  a  larva  of  the 
ant  within  the  cocoon.  The  illustration  (fig.  1)  shows  a  young 
larva  (first  stage)  near  the  end  of  its  feeding  period,  located 


4  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jan.,    '32 

on  the  side  of  an  ant  larva.  The  next  illustration  (fig.  2) 
shows  a  larger  (last  stage)  Stilbula  attached  in  its  character- 
istic manner  to  the  abdomen  of  an  ant  pupa.  Sometimes  they 
are  attached  to  the  right  side  and  sometimes  to  the  left,  but  all 
that  I  have  seen  on  pupae  are  attached  somewhat  ventrally.  In 
this  position  the  Stilbula  larva  completely  empties  the  ant  pupa, 
leaving  the  skin  a  white  and  useless  shell. 

I  have  given  elsewhere  *  a  description  of  the  young  Stilbula 
larva  but  I  shall  say  here  that  it  is  an  extremely  small  animal 
whose  body  is  composed  of  a  dark  head  with  two  hooked  man- 
dibles and  seven  brownish  ringlike  segments  with  an  eighth  or 
terminal  spinous  segment.  So  far  as  I  can  see  it  has  no  spir- 
acles or  tracheae.  When  this  larva  has  stuffed  itself  with  the 
juices  of  the  ant  its  body  becomes  a  thousand  times  more  vol- 
uminous than  when  it  hatched,  and  it  is  so  bloated  that  the 
dark  rings  composing  the  segments  are  widely  separated,  owing 
to  the  stretching  of  the  skin. 

When  the  skin  is  finally  shed  the  next-stage  larva,  which  I 
have  not  observed  except  from  the  remains,  is  apparently  a 
rather  oval  whitish  blotch  without  visible  segmentation.  It 
appears  to  have  weak  mandibles  (fig.  2a),  some  tracheae,  and 
two  pairs  of  spiracles  as  well  as  several  transverse  rows  of  tiny 
spines  on  the  skin. 

The  last-stage  larva  (fig.  3)  is  a  large  whitish  oval  affair 
with  its  rather  globular  head  bent  somewhat  ventrally.  It  is 
absolutely  without  segmentation  except  for  the  head  and  ter- 
minal segment,  which  latter  is  a  small  spherical  tubercle  (fig. 
3  as).  The  body  is  soft  and  flabl>y  and  at  no  time  have  I  ever 
seen  a  larva  contract  or  contort  its  body  as  hymenopterous 
larvae  often  do.  I  have  been  unable  even  with  the  aid  of  a 
powerful  microscope  to  observe  the  slightest  sign  of  tegument- 
ary  muscles ;  and  while  I  am  not  willing  to  affirm  that  there  are 
not  any,  for  fear  there  be  some,  I  will  say  that  if  they  are 
present  they  are  reduced  to  the  stage  of  tiny  almost  invisible 
fibres  or  else  they  have  never  developed  beyond  this  stage. 
Whatever  be  the  case,  I  can  say  that  the  larva  of  this  animal 

*  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  3,  p.  394. 


xliii,   '32] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


is  more  nearly  deprived  of  body  muscles  than  any  other  Chalcid 
larva  I  have  ever  seen. 

The  head  of  this  parasite  larva  is  prominent  enough,  and  is 
set  off  from  the  body  by  a  slight  constriction.  Usually  a  larva 
of  this  order  of  insects  will  have  certain  distinguishing  marks 
on  its  head  such  as  a  hard  rim  above  the  mouth,  stiff  cheek- 
plates,  and  maxillae  or  else  labium  and  sometimes  antennae, 


hlo 


w 


\n 


It 


and  sutures.  This  one  has  nothing  except  a  slight  depression 
which  is  the  mouth  and  two  weak  mandibles  (fig.  3/? )  but  of 
the  other  organs  there  is  no  sign. 

The  back  and  sides  for  a  way  down  are  covered  with  small 
tubercles,  and  along  each  side  is  a  row  of  eight  open  spiracles 
(fig.  3  JT/>)  by  which  air  is  obtained,  or  else  let  out.  or  both;  I 
have  also  observed  a  tracheal  trunk  (//)  on  each  side  of  i he- 
body  and  branches  of  various  sizes  but  1  can  not  place  the 
bifurcations  of  these  branches  where  they  quit  the  main  trunks. 
Inside  the  body  1  can  also  see  the  nervous  system,  or  a  part 
of  it  consisting  of  the  brain  (/>;•)  and  a  short  ventral  nerve 
chain  (nc).  There  is  a  large  stomach  or  mid  intestine  (mil) 


6  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Jan.,    '32 

filled  with  material,  and  fat  lobes  are  present.  In  the  head 
various  structures  can  be  seen  as  a  whole  but  they  can  not 
very  clearly  be  discerned  separately  and  the  same  is  true  of 
the  hind  intestinal  region.  I  have  therefore  put  nothing  in 
these  areas  in  the  drawing.  In  the  one  whole  and  stained  speci- 
men of  Stilbula  which  I  have  I  can  not  discern  separately  the 
salivary  glands  and  malpighian  tubes.  The  pads  which  will 
later  form  the  legs  and  wings  can  be  seen  easily  (hbl,  hbw). 

Thus  it  would  appear  that  this  insect  has  three  larval  stages. 
I  have  not  observed  a  single  individual  grow  from  the  first 
stage  to  the  adult  but  the  cast  skins  left  by  a  larva  during  its 
development  are  invariably  plastered  into  the  skin  of  the  ant 
pupa,  one  above  the  other,  the  smallest  being  near  the  spot  where 
the  feeding  hole  (and  there  is  only  one  feeding  hole)  is  lo- 
cated. If  they  are  boiled  and  spread  out  in  liquid  gum  arabic 
they  can  be  pulled  apart  to  a  considerable  extent  and  this  is 
how  I  came  by  my  present  opinion. 

The  ants  apparently  do  not  harm  the  parasite  but  care  as 
tenderly  for  the  parasitized  cocoon  as  for  the  other  ones.  The 
female  is  allowed  to  issue  and  go  her  way  unmolested  to  the 
outer  world  where  in  late  July  and  early  August  she  can  be 
found  sitting  on  grass  blades  and  bushes  in  the  plain  beside  the 
upper  Gapeau  and  often  at  dusk  the  writer  also  can  be  found 
sitting  close  by. 

1    ^    • 

Duration  of  the  Pupal  Stage  of  Tenebrio  molitor 
Linnaeus  at  Constant  and  at  Alternating  Tem- 
peratures (Coleop.:  Tenebrionidae). 

By  NELLIE  M.  PAYNE. 

According  to  Uvarov  (1931),  few  data  exist  on  the  effect 
of  alternating  temperatures  on  insect  development.  Therefore 
these  results  which  were  obtained  with  mealworm  pupae  will 
probably  be  of  some  interest.  Temperature  was  controlled  to 
within  ±1  degree  Centigrade.  Relative  humidity  was  con- 
trolled by  drawing  air  through  an  atmosphere  of  definite 
moisture  content.  In  the  temperature  chambers  there  was  free 
circulation  of  air.  Freshly  formed  pupae  which  were  never 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  7 

more  than  four  hours  old  and  generally  two  were  used.    Results 
obtained  were  as  follows :     The  figures  indicate  the  number  of 

days  required   for  pupation. 

Alternating  Temperature 

Constant  Temperature  ( Alternated  every  24  hours  ) 

Temper-  Relative  Humidity  Temper-  Relative  Humidity 

atures  60%  40%  atures  60%  40%" 

15°              30  33  20°,  30°  10 

20°  14-16  25°,  35°  7               8 

25°                9  13  15°,  25°  13             20 

30°              6-7  15°,  30°  11 

35°                6  7 

Pupae  exposed  to  alternating  temperatures  generally  devel- 
oped somewhat  faster  than  would  be  predicted  from  their  de- 
velopment rate  at  constant  temperatures. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 
UVAROV,  B.  P.  (1931)  Insects  and  Climate — Trans.  Ent.  Soc. 

London   79:    1-247. 

—    «•»  — 

Biological  Notes  and  New  Records  of  North 
American  Chermidae  (Homoptera). 

By  F.  D.  KLYVER,  San  Mateo  Junior  College,  San  Mateo, 

California. 

The  writer  is  indebted  mainly  to  the  following  individuals, 
to  each  one  of  whom  he  here  wishes  to  express  his  thanks,  for 
the  material  on  which  the  following  new  North  American  Cher- 
midae (Psyllidae)  records  are  based:  Professor  G.  F.  Ferris, 
Stanford  University;  Dr.  P.  N.  Annand,  Sugar  Beet  Insect 
Investigations,  United  States  Bureau  of  Entomology ;  Mr.  G. 
F.  Knowlton,  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Logan,  Utah; 
Mr.  V.  E.  Romney,  United  States  Bureau  of  Entomology, 
Mesilla  Park,  X.  M.;  Mr.  H.  Jl.  Keifer,  Curator  Entomology 
Laboratory,  California  State  Department  of  Agriculture;  Mr. 
L.  E.  Myers,  State  Plant  Board,  A.  &  M.  College,  Mississippi; 
and  Dr.  Carl  D.  Duncan,  Stanford  University.1  The  biological 

1  Additional  new  records  are  to  be  found  in  the  following  papers  by 
the  writer:  Chermidae  From  Utah,  Nevada,  and  Arizona,  Including 
Three  New  Species:  Pan-Pacific  Entomologist  7:131-143,  157-158;  Jan- 
uary, 1931.  New  records  and  T\v«>  New  Species  of  Chermidae  from 
British  Columbia  and  YYaslinmton,  With  r.iolci-jiral  .Votes:  Pan-Pacific 
Entomologist  8:11-17,  July  1931. 


8  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,   '32 

notes  here  included  are,  with  very  few  exceptions,  based  upon 
field  observations  made  by  the  writer  in  California  and  Nevada 
during  the  past  two  years. 

HOST  PLANT  RELATIONSHIPS  OF  THE  CHERMIDAE 
Since  there  apparently  exists  at  the  present  time  no  definite 
statement  of  chermid  host  plant  relationships  it  seems  desirable 
to. suggest  the  following  criteria. 

With  very  few  exceptions  the  individual  species  of  Cher- 
midae  have  not  been  demonstrated  to  have  as  hosts  any  but 
closely  related  plant  species,  in  the  sense  that  a  host  is  defined 
as  a  plant  upon  which  the  insect  feeds  at  some  stage  of  its 
existence.  In  the  majority  of  cases  definite  proof  of  such 
feeding  exists  only  for  the  nymphs,  in  fact,  it  apparently  re- 
mains to  be  definitely  proven  that  the  adults  feed  at  all.  Para- 
triosa  cookerelli  is  known  to  feed  in  its  nymphal  stages  on  a 
number  of  widely  separated  host  plants. 

Many  chermid  species  have  been  taken  as  adults  from  an 
almost  infinite  variety  of  plants  and  these  plants  have  been 
recorded  as  hosts,  although  there  exists  no  evidence  that  the 
insects  actually  feed  upon  them,  the  plants  perhaps  serving 
more  or  less  accidentally  merely  as  shelters.  For  the  purpose 
of  emphasizing  the  biological  connections,  the  term  host  is  here 
restricted  to  plants  upon  which  the  insect  is  actually  known  to 
feed,  as  proved  by  the  presence  of  the  nymphs,  while  the  ex- 
pression nominal  host  is  used  to  designate  a  plant  from  which 
a  chermid  has  been  taken  without  proof  of  its  feeding  upon 
that  plant.  Field  observations  indicate  that  the  adults  of  cer- 
tain species  of  chermids  are  found  predominatingly  on  different 
plants  at  different  times  of  the  year.  When  proof  is  available 
that  these  adults  actually  feed  upon  different  plant  species,  the 
plant  upon  which  a  chermid  feeds  as  an  adult  but  does  not 
produce  its  young  may  be  called  an  alternate  host. 

RECORDS  AND  BIOLOGICAL  NOTES. 

Sixty  species,  approximately  one-third  of  the  total  number 
considered  by  Crawford  in  his  monograph  of  the  Chermidae  of 
North  America,  are  here  included. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  9 

LIVIA  CARICIS  Crawford.  IDAHO. — Adults  only :  from  un- 
known host,  wet  meadow,  near  Craters  of  the  Moon,  June  29, 

1930  (Annand)  ;   from  unknown  host,   Craters  of  the   Moon, 
same  date    (Annand).     UTAH. — Adults  only:   from  unknown 
host,  Logan,  April  20,  1927  (Knowlton)  ;  from  unknown  host, 
Richmond,   April   29,    1927    (Knowlton).     Host:      Unknown.1 
Nominal  Hosts :     Carex  spp. 

APHALARA  CALTHAE  (L.)  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and  nymphs: 
from  Polygoiiiiini  aricularc,  Winters,  October  22,  1929  (An- 
nand). Nymphs  only:  from  herbarium  specimen  of  P.  muhlan- 
hczci,  8  miles  from  Dos  Palos,  May  15,  1931  (Duncan  and 
Merson).  Adults  only:  from  Baccharis  viminea,  Corral  Hol- 
low, 10  miles  southwest  of  Tracy,  November  4,  1929  (An- 
nand) ;  from  Atriplc.r,  north  of  Tracy,  October  12,  1929  (An- 
nand) ;  from  pear  trees,  Hood,  Sacramento  County,  April  15, 

1931  (Keifer)  ;    from   Satix,    Corral    Hollow,    November    30, 

1929  2;  from  Salix,  south  of  Tehachapi,  Kern  County,  April  13, 
1930.      IDAHO. — Adults  only:   from  unknown   host,   Ketchum, 
July  20,   1930  (Annand)  ;  from  unknown  host,  Alturas  Lake, 
Stanley  Basin,  July  19,  1930  (Annand). 

NEW  MEXICO.  Adults  only:  from  Salsola  pcstifcr,  3.1  miles 
southeast  of  Mora,  July  16,  1929  (Romney).  UTAH. — Adults 
only:  from  weed,  Hooper,  October  14,  1927  (Pack:  Knowlton). 
Host:  Polyyonmn.  Nominal  Hosts:  C  alt  ha  palustris,  Arte- 
misia tridcntata,  Salsola  pcstifcr,  cultivated  tomatoes,  weeds. 

The  nymphs  occur  singly  on  the  younger  growth,  partic- 
ularly the  ventral  side  of  the  leaves,  unaccompanied  by  con- 
spicuous wax  secretion. 

APHALARA    RUMICIS    Mally.       NOVA     SCOTIA. Adults    and 

nymphs:  from  Rum-ex.,  no  locality  data,  no  date  (W.  H.  Brit- 
tain). 

Host:  Rumcx.  Nominal  Hosts:  Rnincx  altissimus,  Sophia 
pinnata. 

Biological  data  lacking. 

APHALARA  SUAEDAE  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs :  from  Snacda,  Altamont  Pass,  east  of  Livermore,  Oc- 
tober 12,  1929  (Annand)  ;  from  same  host,  south  of  South  Dos 
Palos,  December  6,  1929;  from  same  host,  Altamont  Pass, 
November  30,  1929;  from  unrecorded  host,  Visalia,  October  20, 

1930  (Keifer:  F.  T.  Scott)  ;  from  Simcda,  Salt  Wells  Canyon, 

1  No  biological  data  are  given  for  species  the  nymphs  of  which  are 
unknown. 

"  Specimens  recorded  without  the  collector's  name  were  collected  by 
the  writer. 


10  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  (Jan.,     '32 

Inyo  County,  April,  1924  (Ferris).  NEVADA. — Adults  and 
nymphs:  from  Dondia  intermedia  (?),  Moapa  Valley,  4  miles 
east  of  Glendale,  April  18,  1930  (Annand).  NEW  MEXICO.— 
Adults  only :  from  Lepidium  alvssoidcs,  16.5  miles  southwest 
of  Alamogordo,  July  3,  1929  (Romney)  ;  from  Artemisia 
wrightii,  6  miles  west  of  Mule  Creek,  August  8,  1929  (Rom- 
ney). TEXAS. — Adults  only:  from  L.  alvssoidcs,  1  mile  north 
of  Almo  Alto,  December  13,  1930  (Romney).  UTAH. — Adults 
only:  from  beets,  Delta,  June  24,  1927  (Knowlton). 
Hosts:  Suacda  spp.  (-  -  Dondia.)  Nominal  Hosts:  Lcpidinm, 
Artemisia.,  beets. 

The  nymphs  produce  an  abundance  of  white,  cottony  wax 
secretion,  within  which  they  become  covered,  among  the 
younger  branches.  During  the  colder  part  of  the  year  the 
adults  may  be  found  in  this  same  material  in  a  quiescent  stage. 
A  witches'  broom  effect  in  the  younger  growth  is  associated 
with  severe  attacks. 

APHALARA  VEAZIEI  Pach.     NOVA  SCOTIA. — Adult  only :   from 
Solidago,  King's  County,  no  date  (W.  H.  Brittain). 
Host:    Unknown.     Nominal  Host :    Solidago. 

According  to  Crawford,  this  is  an  exceedingly  variable  and 
widely  distributed  species. 

APHALARA  PULCIIELLA  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  only: 
from  Carc.v,  3  miles  west  of  Corral  Hollow,  southwest  of 
Tracy,  November  30,  1929 ;  from  Frankcnia  grandifolia,  Tulare 
Lake  Basin,  10  miles  south  of  Corcoran,  December  7,  1929; 
from  Prosopis  juliflora  var.  glandnlosa,  Corral  Hollow,  May 
16,  1930;  from  Ccanothus  cuncafus.  Table  Mountain,  Fresno 
County,  April  16,  1930. 

Host:  Unknown.  Nominal  Hosts:  Carex,  Frankcnia,  Pro- 
sopis, C  ca  not  Jiu  s. 

APHALARA  GUTIERREZIAE  Klyver.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  only: 
from  Gutierrczia,  on  desert  foothills  10  miles  from  Coalingo, 
March  24,  1930  (Annand)  ;  from  Chrysothamrius,  Mountain 
Springs  Canyon,  Coso  Mountains,  April  12,  1930;  same  host, 
Red  Rock  Canyon,  April  13,  1930.  NEW  MEXICO. — Adults 
only :  from  Lepidium  alyssoidcs,  3  miles  east  of  Oro  Grande, 
August  8,  1930  (Romney)  ;  from  Salsola  pest  if  cr,  Nara  Visa, 
July  28,  1929  (Romney). 

Host:  Unknown.  Nominal  Hosts:  Gitticrrczia,  Salsola, 
Lepidium.,  ChrysotJiamnus. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  11 

APHALARA  MARTINI  Van  Duzee.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs :  from  Frankenia  grandifolia,  Tracy,  November  4,  1929 
(Annand)  ;  from  same  host,  Little  Panoche  Creek,  west  of 
Firebaugh,  November  5,  1929  (Annand)  ;  from  same  host,  Cor- 
coran, November  20,  1929  (Annand);  from  same  host,  salt 
marsh,  San  Mateo  Point,  San  Mateo,  May  5,  1929;  same  data. 
May  10,  1929;  same  data,  May  19,  1929;  same  data,  July  2, 
1929 ;  from  same  host,  Livermore  Valley,  northeast  of  Liver- 
more,  November  30,  1929;  same  host,  fulare  Lake  Basin,  10 
miles  south  of  Corcoran,  December  7,  1929.  Adults  only: 
from  Atriplcx  polycarpa,  1  mile  west  of  Coalinga,  December  7, 
1929;  from  Frankenia,  same  locality,  December  8,  1929;  from 
Saliv,  south  of  Hanford,  December  7,  1929. 
Host:  Frankenia.  Nominal  Hosts:  Atriplex,  Sali.r. 

The  nymphs  are  usually  abundant  on  the  ventral  side  of  the 
younger  leaves  in  which  they  intensify  the  natural  revolute  ten- 
dency. They  are  accompanied  by  a  sticky,  slightly  amber- 
colored  honey-dew.  The  chermid  has  the  effect  of  dwarfing 
the  younger  growth. 

APHALARA  (ANOMOCERA)  MINUTISSIMA  Crawford.  CALI- 
FORNIA.— Adults  only:  from  Artemisia  calif  arnica,  Montana, 
San  Mateo  County,  April  3,  1931 ;  from  A.  tridentata,  Volcanic 

Tableland,  north  of  Bishop,  June   19,   1931.     IDAHO Adults 

only:    from  unknown  host,  Wapi,  June  24,    1930    (Annand). 
UTAH. — Adults  only:  "feeding  on  sugar  beet",  Ogden,  June  9, 
1927  (Knowlton). 
Host:     Unknown.     Nominal  Hosts:     Artemisia,  sugar  beets. 

APHALARA  (ANOMOCERA)  ANOMALA  Crawford.   NEW  MEXICO. 
—Adults  only:  from  Artemisia  wrightii,  6  miles  west  of  Mule 
Creek,  August  8,   1929   (Romney). 
Host :     Unknown.     Nominal  Host :    Artemisia. 
APHALAROIDA    PITHECOLOBIA    Crawford.       NEW     MEXICO.— 
Adults   only:    from   Lcpidium   alyssoides,   Playas,   August    15, 
1929    (Romney).      TEXAS. — Adults  only:   from  same  host,  9 
miles  from  Fabens,  June  18,  1930  (Romney). 
Host:     Unknown.     Nominal  Hosts :    Lcpidiitin,  Pithecolobiuni. 
PAUROCEPHALA    FREMONTIAE    Klyver.       CALIFORNIA. — Adults 
and    nymphs:    from    Frcmontia    calif  ornica,   2    miles    west    <>t 
Tehachapi,  Kern  County,  April   13,   1930;   from  same  host,   3 
miles  east  of  Onyx,  South  Fork  of  Kern  River,  and  lower  Kern 
River  Canyon  west  of  Bodfish,  both  June  19,  1931. 
Host :     Fremontia  cwlif  arnica. 


12  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,   '32 

This  species  apparently  does  not  become  abundant.  The 
nymphs  are  found  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  leaves.  The  small 
amount  of  wax  produced  is  given  off  in  the  form  of  long, 
straight,  transparent,  and  somewhat  glistening  brownish  threads. 
These  threads  do  not  intermingle  to  form  a  cottony  mass. 

HETEROPSYLLA  TEXANA  Crawford.  NEW  MEXICO. — Adults 
only :  from  Lcpidium  alyssoidcs,  10  miles  south  of  State  Col- 
lege, Mesilla,  April  8,  1930  (Romney)  ;  from  the  same  host, 
Playas,  August  15,  1930;  from  "P-65",  10  miles  north  of 
Columbus,  same  date ;  from  Salsola  pestifcr,  5.7  miles  north  of 
Gallegos,  July  12,  1929 ;  from  same  host,  26.6  miles  northwest 
of  Logan,  same  date;  from  same  host,  1.5  miles  south  of 
Ranches  cle  Taos,  July  16,  1929;  from  same  host,  4.2  miles 
northwest  of  Roy,  July  13,  1929;  from  same  host,  12.7  miles 
west  of  Clayton,  June  29,  1929 ;  from  same  host  .5  mile  south 
of  Almo,  August  3,  1929;  from  same  host,  .5  mile  south  of 
Animas,  August  15,  1929.  TEXAS. — Adults  only:  from  L. 
alyssoidcs,  9  miles  south  of  Fabens,  April  30,  1930;  from  same 
host.  Sierra  Blanca,  June  15,  1930.  All  the  foregoing  collec- 
tions by  Romney. 

Host:  Prosopis  glandulosa.  Nominal  Hosts :  Pithccolobiniu, 
Shpacralcca  augustifolia,  Monarda  citriodora,  Chrysopsis, 
Taniara.v  gallica,  Ccltis  pallida.  Acacia,  Prosopis  juliflor. 

An  abundant   species   in   its   range.     The   nymphs  are  very 
imperfectly   known. 

CALOPHYA  TRIOZOMIMA  Schwarz.     IDAHO. — Adults  only:  from 
unknown  host,  Shoeshone  Falls,  July  31,  1930  (Annand). 
Host:     Unknown.     Nominal  Host:     Rhus. 

The   species   of   this   genus   have   been  taken   predominantly 
from  sumac. 

KUWAYAMA  MEDICAC.INIS  Crawford.  NEW  MEXICO. — Adults 
only:  from  Chrysothamnus,  13  miles  northwest  of  Bernalillo, 
July  20,  1929;  from  Paroscla,  5  miles  northwest  of  Bernalillo, 
same  date;  from  Trimithciua  portidacastrum,  2.5  miles  east  of 
Steins,  August  15,  1929;  from  Chrysothamnus  scrrnlata,  5 
miles  south  of  Datil,  August  7,  1929 ;  from  Lcpidium  alyssoidcs, 
3  miles  west  of  Las  Cruces,  November  7,  1930 ;  from  same 
host,  1  mile  east  of  Mesquite,  May  19,  1931;  from  same  host, 
Mesilla  Valley,  June  9,  1930.  All  the  foregoing  collections  by 
Romney. 

Host:  Unknown.  Nominal  Hosts:  Medicago  scttk'a,  C/irvso- 
thauinus,  Paroscla,  Trianf/icina. 

(To  be  continued) 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  13 

Nomada  amorphae  Swenk  in  Colorado 
(Hym. :  Nomadidae). 

H.  G.  RODECK,  University  of  Colorado. 

Nomada  (Microiioiuada)  amorphuc  Swenk  was  described  ] 
from  specimens  taken  at  Halsey,  Xebraska,  July  11,  1909.  and 
apparently  has  not  been  recorded  since  then.  On  July  17,  1930, 
three  specimens  were  taken  in  the  sand  hills  north  of  Roggen, 
Colorado.  Two  of  them  (one  male  and  one  female)  seem  to 
be  the  same  as  the  insect  described  by  Swenk,  differing  in  being 
slightly  smaller  (6  mm.  as  compared  with  7  mm.  in  the  type), 
the  female  having  no  yellow  spot  on  the  supraclypeal  area  and 
having  the  mesopleural  and  axillary  spots  red,  and  the  yellow 
of  the  face-marks  diluted  with  reddish.  The  male  has  no  yel- 
low line  over  the  top  of  the  eyes  connecting  the  lateral  face- 
marks  with  the  oval  yellow  spot  behind  the  eye,  the  mesopleural 
spot  is  divided,  and  the  axillary  spots  are  red  as  in  the  female. 

The  third  specimen  (male)  is  like  the  type  in  having  the 
axillary  spots  yellow,  but  in  addition  to  differing  in  the  char- 
acters mentioned  above  has  the  thorax,  with  the  exception  of 
the  mesonotum,  clear  red  like  the  legs.  The  mesonotum  is 
black  but  is  marked  with  indistinct  reddish  stains.  The  third 
ventral  abdominal  segment  has  irregular  yellow  markings. 

The  original  description  of  AT.  amorphae  did  not  include  the 
wing  venation  which,  in  the  above  specimens,  is  as  follows : 

Basal  nervure  interstitial  with  the  nervulus.  Second  submar- 
ginal  cell  nearly  as  broad  above  as  at  its  base,  receiving  the  first 
recurrent  nervure  at  about  the  mid-point,  or  slightly  basad  of 
it.  Third  submarginal  cell  narrowed  above  to  about  one-third 
its  basal  breadth,  its  outer  margin  not  very  strongly  curved. 
The  second  recurrent  nervure  joins  the  base  of  the  third  sub- 
marginal  cell  far  beyond  the  mid-point  of  the  latter. 


Some  Malformations  Noted  in  Genitalia  of 
Phyllophaga  (Coleop.:  Scarabaeidae). 

By  A.  R.  ROLFS, 

U.   S.   Bureau  of  Entomology,   Vakima,  \\ash. 
In  determining  a  collection  of  Phyllopluti/a  taken  at   Ames, 
Iowa  in  the  spring  of  1929,  the  writer  noted  two  very  interest- 

1  Swenk,  M.  H.,  University  Studies,   Lincoln,    Xeliraska,  Vol.  XII,  No. 
1,  January,   1912    (Issued  Jan.   20,   1913). 


14 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[Jan.,   '32 


ing  "sports".  These  specimens,  both  of  them  males,  have  mal- 
formed genital  organs.  In  one  specimen  the  whole  organ  is 
double  while  in  the  other  only  the  telnm  is  double.  So  far  as 
I  have  been  able  to  ascertain,  this  is  the  first  record  of  such 
peculiarities  occurring  in  Phyllophaga.  The  two  species  which 
these  specimens  represent  are  common  around  Ames  and  a 
number  of  others  have  been  taken.  I  have  examined  many 
specimens  including  most  of  these  species  but  have  never  found 
another  with  such  peculiarity. 


Fig?,  1  and  2.     Genitalia  of  Phyllophaga  fusca  Froel. 
Figs.  3  and  4.    Genitalia  of  Phyllophaga  futilis  Lee. 

The  first  specimen,  determined  as  Phyllophaga  fusca  Froel. 
(figs.  1,  2),  compares  with  other  males  of  this  species  as  fol- 
lows :  The  tela  are  fused  on  the  dorsum,  a  slight  depression 
and  a  well  defined  suture  marking  the  line  of  fusion.  The 
double  telum  is  normal  in  length  but  is  wider  than  normal  by  a 
fourth.  The  claspers  are  somewhat  smaller  than  normal.  Each 
pair  is  compressed  laterally  and  is  fastened  to  the  telum  at  an 
angle  so  that  the  whole  structure  has  somewhat  the  appearance 
of  a  Y.  In  the  normal  male  of  this  species  the  claspers,  desig- 
nated as  right  and  left  claspers,  differ  somewhat  in  character. 
In  this  specimen  the  claspers  resembling  the  right  clasper  of 
the  normal  male  are  both  on  the  inside  and  those  resembling 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  15 

the  left  are  both  on  the  outside.  Thus  the  claspers  of  the  left 
side  are  normal  as  to  position  while  those  on  the  right  are  re- 
versed in  position.  The  posterior  borders  of  the  inside  or  right 
claspers  are  more  sharply  rounded  and  more  slender  than  nor- 
mally. 

The  second  specimen,  determined  as  Phyllophacia  futilis  Lee. 
(figs.  3,  4),  has  only  the  telum  double  with  the  claspers  ab- 
normal as  to  position  and  shape.  The  tela  are  only  partially 
fused  on  the  dorsum,  a  well  defined  depression  and  suture  mark- 
ing the  line  of  fusion.  The  width  of  the  combined  tela  is 
somewhat  greater  than  the  normal  but  their  length  is  slightly 
less.  The  claspers,  which  in  the  normal  male  are  narrowly 
united  on  the  dorsum  to  form  one  solid  piece,  are  separate.  The 
cephalo-lateral  portions,  which  are  normally  parallel  to  the  body 
axis,  are  tipped  out  toward  the  sides  and  caudad  so  that  they 
are  at  right  angles  to  the  body  axis.  The  caudo-lateral  portion 
of  the  left  clasper  is  folded  over  that  of  the  right  clasper. 

Both  specimens  are  now  in  the  writer's  collection.  The 
drawings  were  made  by  Mrs.  Eleanor  A.  Carlin  of  the  Bureau 

of  Entomology. 

— •  •  • — 

A  Melanic  Female  of  Colias  eurytheme 
(Lepid.:  Pieridae). 

By  HAROLD  O'BYRXE,  Webster  Groves.   Missouri. 

The  yellow  color  prevalent  in  Colias  and  allied  genera  is  an 
extremely  unstable  and  variable  character.  Many  shades  of 
yellow  and  orange  occur  in  some  species,  and  there  is  in  addi- 
tion a  special  tendency  toward  albinism  in  the  females.  The 
opposite  condition,  melanism,  is  much  less  common,  and  it  is 
almost  completely  restricted  to  the  males.  However,  Scudder* 
mentions  two  examples  of  females  of  Colias  philodicc  Godart 
whose  wings  have  part  of  their  normally  yellow  area  obscured 
by  black.  He  mentions  none  that  are  entirely  black. 

(  )n  August  1,  1('JS,  a  melanic  female  of  Coluis  cur\tht'inc 
I'>oisduval  was  taken  by  the  writer  in  Webster  Groves,  Missouri. 
This  specimen  has  no  trace  of  yellow,  the  entire  upper  surface 

*  Scudder,   S.   H.     The   Butterflies   of   the   Eastern   United    States. 


16  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,   '32 

being  nearly  black,  and  the  outline  of  the  black  border  and  the 
pale  spots  within  it  that  mark  the  female  sex  can  be  discerned 
only  upon  minute  examination.  The  black  spot  on  the  fore 
wing  can  be  seen,  but  the  orange  spot  on  the  hind  wing  is 
obscured  with  black ;  it  is  a  trifle  darker  than  the  surrounding 
area.  The  color  underneath  is  a  little  paler  and  the  hind  wings 
and  apices  of  the  fore  wings  are  greenish.  The  markings  on 
the  lower  surface  are  normal.  The  pink  edge,  above  and  below, 
is  conspicuous. 

When  captured,  the  butterfly  had  evidently  just  emerged,  as 
its  wings  were  still  a  little  flabby ;  the  appearance  of  the  abdo- 
men indicated  that  some  time  must  elapse  before  oviposition 
could  begin.  For  this  reason  no  attempt  was  made  to  secure 
eggs.  Therefore  we  are  obliged,  for  the  present,  to  remain 
ignorant  of  the  genetic  status  of  this  butterfly.  There  is  good 
ground  for  believing  that  the  white  females  in  this  genus  are 
Mendelian  forms,  but  whether  this  is  true  of  melanic  specimens 
also  must  be  left  for  future  determination. 


Notes  on  the  Larval  Stages  of  Melanchroia  cephise 
(Lepid. :  Geometridae). 

By  HARRIET  A.  WICKWIRE,  Cortland,  New  York. 

The  Winter  of  1930-1931  was  an  unusually  cold  one  in 
Southern  Florida,  and  our  sojourn  there  was  disappointing  so 
far  as  collecting  was  concerned ;  however,  we  managed  to  obtain 
the  following  notes.  On  December  14,  1930,  moths  of  Melan- 
chroia ccphisc  were  collected,  as  they  swarmed  around  a  hedge 
of  Phyllanthus  nivosus,  var.  rosco-pictns,  at  Jupiter  Island, 
Hobe  Sound,  Florida,  thus  giving  us  our  ovipositing  female, 
and  our  only  cue  to  the  food  plant.  By  the  15th  of  December 
one  of  their  number  had  oviposited  55  ova.  and  all  the  moths 
were  dead. 

Eygs.  Date  of  laying,  December  15;  of  hatching,  December 
23.  Shape.  Obovate  with  lengthwise  ribs,  laid  on  one  side, 
with  the  micropyle  on  top  and  slightly  depressed.  Color.  Light 
olive  green  at  first,  changing  to  deep  rose  color  in  4  days.  Ovi- 
posited. Singly  or  in  loose  clusters.  Length.  1  mm. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  17 

Larvae  1st  instar.  Length  \l/2  mm.  Color.  Light  horn 
color  with  black  heads  and  black  rings  between  the  segments. 
They  had  horn  colored  tubercles  \vith  black  setae  radiating  from 
their  tops.  The  middle  props  were  absent.  Habits.  The  egg 
shells  were  left  colorless  and  uneaten.  During  this  instar  the 
larvae  ate  only  the  parenchima  of  the  leaves.  Length  of  instar. 
7  clays.  Date  of  1st  molt.  Dec.  30,  1930. 

Lan<ac  2nd  instar.  Length  5  mm.  Color.  Light  horn  with 
b1ack  rings  between  the  segments,  and  black  dorsal,  lateral  and 
substigmatal  lines  which  form  checkers  with  the  rings.  The 
heads  were  black.  The  tubercles  and  setae  disappeared.  Habits. 
At  this  instar  they  ate  holes  in  the  leaves  without  leaving  either 
the  veins  or  the  fiber.  Length  of  instar.  4  days.  Date  of  2nd 
molt.  Jan.  3,  1931. 

Larvae  3rd  instar.  Length  8  mm.  Color.  Yellowish  white 
with  black  markings  as  before.  The  heads  became  reddish 
chestnut  brown  in  this  stage.  Length  of  instar.  5  days.  Date 
of  3rd  molt.  Jan.  8,  1931. 

Larvae  4t!i  instar.  Length  12  mm.  Color.  The  same. 
Habits.  They  ate  their  skins  as  soon  as  they  cast  them,  and 
began  eating  from  the  edges  of  the  leaves  at  this  stage.  They 
were  never  very  active,  but  had  the  geometer  trick  of  dropping 
from  the  leaves  when  disturbed.  This  was  clone  by  means  of 
silken  threads.  Length  of  instar.  16  days.  Date  of  4th  molt. 
Jan.-  24,  1931. 

Larvae  5th  instar.  Length  16  mm.  Color.  The  same. 
Habits.  One  larva  was  much  smaller  than  the  others  up  to 
this  stage  but  caught  up  with  them  before  the  next  molt.  This 
might  have  been  caused  by  a  lethargy,  which  overtook  the 
smaller  larva  in  an  earlier  stage  and  came  upon  the  others 
later.  No  signs  of  lethargy  were  noticed,  however,  as  all  the 
larvae  seemed  to  feed  about  the  same  and  while  they  were 
never  verv  active  they  were  always  equally  so.  Length  of 
instar.  9  days.  Date  of  5th  molt.  Feb.  2,  1931. 

Larvae  6th  instar.  Length  20  mm.  Color.  The  same. 
Length  of  instar.  16  days.  Mature  larva.  35  mm.  long. 

First  attempt  to  pupate  occurred  Feb.  18,  1931,  but  larva  died 
in  the  attempt.  Xo  cocoon  was  made  and  apparently  under 
natural  conditions  the  larvae  burrow  and  transform  under- 
ground. A  backward  larva  pupated  success fuMy  on  March  22, 
1931,  and  this  was  the  only  pupa  we  raised. 

Pupa.  10  mm.  long,  rather  slender,  shiny  dark  brown.  The 
moth  never  emerged. 


18 


ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS 


[Jan.,   '32 


Abnormal  Antennae  in  Tragidion  (Coleoptera: 

Cerambycidae). 

By  ORLANDO  PARK,  Department  of  Zoology,  University  of 

Illinois. 

On  examining  a  series  of  the  cerambycid,  Tragidion  annatum 
Lee.,  a  male  was  noted  with  both  antennae  distorted  as  follows : 

Left  antenna  (Fig.  la)  :  First  and  second  segments  normal; 
third  normal  as  to  size  and  form  but  bent  sharply  in  the  distal 
third;  fourth  normal;  fifth  short,  swollen  distally  and  with  a 
distinct  hook-like  process  on  the  distal  border.  What  is  appar- 
ently the  sixth  segment  is  fused  with  the  peculiar  fifth,  the 
probable  line  of  fusion  being  indicated  by  a  dotted  line  in  the 
figure.  This  probable  sixth  segment  is  broad  distally  and 
ridged  on  the  dorsal  surface;  seventh  irregularly  shaped  with 
a  slight  swelling  on  the  basal,  mesial  third  and  the  median 

lateral  third  ;  probable  eighth 
normal  within  the  limit  of 
specific  variation ;  probable 
ninth  distorted  by  a  large 
irregular  swelling  on  the 
basal  lateral  area ;  the  prob- 
able tenth  and  eleventh  are 
both  normal. 

Right  antenna  (Fig.  Ib)  : 
First  and  second  segments 
normal ;  third  normal  as  to 
size  and  form  but  bent 
broadly  in  the  middle  third ; 
fourth  as  in  third,  but  more 
sharplv  bent  and  slightly 

1      «•  o  .- 

twisted;  fifth,  sixth  and 
seventh  segments  normal : 
eighth  normal  save  for  an 
irregular,  small  swelling  on 
the  distal,  mesial  border ; 
ninth  highly  distorted,  with 
a  large  swelling  on  the  basal 
third,  ending  in  a  hook-like  process.  Beyond  this  basal  thicken- 
ing the  segment  extends  at  right  angles  to  articulate  with  the 
tenth.  The  tenth  and  eleventh  segments  are  normal. 


Fig.  1.  Abnormality  in  Tragidion  arma- 
1 1<  in  Lee. :  a,  left  antenna  ;  f>,  right  antenna ; 
c,  left  elytron  and  meta-thoracic  femur. 


In  the  case  treated  here,  we  find  but  six  segments  of  the  left, 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  19 

and  seven  segments  of  the  right  antenna  normal,  normality  be- 
ing determined  by  comparison  with  eighteen  other  individuals 
of  the  species  taken  at  the  same  time.  Variously  distorted 
antennae  are  common  in  cerambycoid  species  (Bateson,  1894), 
and  the  formation  of  irregular  processes  from  antennal  seg- 
ments has  been  touched  upon  by  Park  (1931 ).  The  abnormal- 
ity of  the  antennae  in  the  aruiatnin  under  discussion  is  very 
probably  a  consequence  of  faulty  pupation,  or  injury  to  the 
adult  insect  shortly  after  emergence  from  the  pupal  state  and 
prior  to  hardening  of  the  integument.  This  is  strengthened 
by  the  fact  that  the  left  meta-thoracic  femur  was  abnormally 
formed  (Fig.  Ic). 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  \Yilliam  J.  Gerhard  and  to  Mr.  Emil 
Liljeblad  of  the  Field  Museum  for  aid  in  the  identification  of 
this  individual.  The  latter  was  taken  at  Las  Cruces,  New 
Mexico,  on  May  20,  1931,  while  resting  twenty  feet  above  the 
ground  on  Yucca  blooms  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Keller,  of  the  U.  S. 
Forest  Service,  and  is  now  in  the  collection  of  the  writer. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

BATESON,  WILLIAM,  1894.  Materials  for  the  study  of  varia- 
tion. London  :  Macmillan  and  Co.,  xvi  -|-  598pp. 

PARK,  ORLANDO,  1931.  Abnormal  antenna  in  Eleodes.  ENT. 
NEWS,  42:  112-113. 


Booksellers'  Reprints. 

Mr.  Guilder's  article  in  the  November  NEWS  amuses  me. 
He  evidently  does  not  appreciate  the  time  and  trouble  taken 
by  us  GRASPING  bookdealers  to  preserve  for  students  the  var- 
ious pamphlets  which  come  to  us  in  hordes  and  are  a  source 
of  endless  trouble  and  expense  both  of  time  and  money  (with 
catalogue  costs  at  about  $10.00  per  page).  Perhaps  he  thinks 
we  sit  up  nights  cutting  up  RARE  VOLUMES  of  serials  which  are 
easily  worth  infinitely  more  as  serials  than  they  could  possibly 
bring  even  at  impossibly  exorbitant  prices,  after  dissection,  for 
the  various  papers!  Since  the  death  of  dear  old  Felix  Dames 
(I  visited  him  just  two  days  before  he  died)  I  fear  I  am  about 
the  only  book  dealer  who  spends  much  time  on  entomological 
pamphlets,  probably  because  I  have  entomological  instincts  and 


'20  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,   '32 

"hang-overs"  from  my  younger  days,  and  an  unlimited  interest 
in  entomological  literature.  Junk  tries  to  get  rid  of  his  15,000 
papers.  I  have  myself  nearer  150,000  of  them  and  still  buy 
them  and  then  pay  out  more  money  to  catalogue  them.  Fried- 
lander  has  even  given  up  publishing  catalogues.  Try  to  find 
pamphlets  at  Quaritch's !  My  good  friend  Fiedler  now  places 
a  $1.50  minimum  price  limit  for  items  he  catalogues! 

"REPRINTS"  is  the  book  trade  term  for  papers  originally 
published  in  serials.  I  do  not  think  that  any  book  dealer  has 
ever  offered  for  sale  as  "authors'  separates,"  anything  except 
genuine  ones,  or  ever  led  his  customers  to  believe  that  mere 
REPRINTS  were  "authors'  separates."  I  know  of  mighty  few 
entomologists  who  collect  "authors'  separates" :  my  own  cus- 
tomers, I  am  sure,  buy  pamphlets  to  use,  and  are  quite  uncon- 
cerned about  sentimentalities.  No  doubt  they  are  glad  to  receive 
them  free  of  charge --even  though  they  afterwards  sell  them- 
and  possibly  have  no  objection  to  inscribed  copies,  of  which, 
by  the  way,  there  are  few  in  circulation  in  comparison  with  the 
vast  number  distributed  by  modest  authors  who  perhaps  believe 
that  the  contents  of  their  papers  are  sufficiently  interesting 
without  a  written  signature. 

There  seem  to  be  no  entomologists  collecting  items  of  the 
Poe's  "Tamerlane"  class,  merely  as  units  of  a  book  collection. 
If  there  were,  they  would  not  bind  such  pamphlets — Heavens, 
no ! — but  instead  have  fine  morocco  slip  cases  made  in  which 
to  preserve  them  in  exactly  their  original  published  form,  un- 
bound, not  for  use  but  for  exhibition,  or  occasional  examina- 
tion and  worship! — JOHN  D.  SHERMAN,  JR.,  Mount  Yernon, 
New  York. 

"Termite  Treatment"   Frauds. 

Home  owners  should  beware  of  overdrawn  and  alarming 
reports  of  injury  to  building  by  termites  or  white  ants.  In 
particular  they  should  be  wary  when  exaggerated  statements 
of  this  kind  form  a  part  of  the  "sales  talk"  for  a  "termite  tmt- 
ment."  Many  of  these  treatments  are  expensive  and  are  not 
correspondingly  effective.  Reports  to  the  Bureau  of  Entomol- 
ogy indicate  that  sharpers,  overemphasizing  the  real  injury  that 
termites  are  likely  to  do,  are  filching  from  home  owners  hun- 
dreds of  thousands  of  dollars  and  rendering  little  or  no  effec- 
tive service  in  return. 

State  officials  and  others  reporting  to  the  Bureau  of  Entomol- 
ogy reveal  that  the  termite  treatment  sharpers  are  paricularly 
active  in  the  South  and  in  some  of  the  Far  Western  States. 


xliii,   '32]  EXTOMOLOC.K  AI.  .\K\vs  21 

In  these  areas  many  cities 'have  in  recent  years  amended  their 
building  codes  as  advocated  by  the  Bureau  of  Entomology  and 
now  require  adequate  safeguards  against  termites  in  new  con- 
struction. 

Salesmen,  however,  have  been  exaggerating  the  danger  from 
termites  in  an  effort  to  sell  treatments,  many  of  which  have 
little  or  no  merit,  but  which  they  picture  as  absolutely  neces- 
sary to  prevent  the  collapse  within  a  short  time  of  buildings 
invaded  or  under  alleged  danger  of  being  invaded  by  the 
termites. 

The  Bureau  of  Entomology  says  that  there  has  been  no 
change  in  the  situation  in  the  South  and  West  as  to  termite- 
damage  ;  that  conditions  are  substantially  the  same  now  as  they 
have  been  for  the  last  50  or  100  years.  The  records  indicate 
that  the  collapse  of  a  building  on  account  of  termite  damage 
is  so  rare  as  to  be  for  practical  purposes  a  negligible  risk.  It  is 
true  that  where  termites  have  been  in  buildings  for  many  years 
—as  indicated  by  emerging  swarms  of  the  winged  forms — the 
foundation  timbers,  and  even  the  floors  and  adjacent  woodwork, 
may  have  become  so  weakened  as  to  make  necessary  some  re- 
placement. 

The  entomologists  point  out  that  an  experience  of  35  years  in 
termite  control  indicates  that  radical  reconstruction  of  the  foun- 
dations is  the  only  permanent  and  effective  remedy  for  build- 
ings which,  because  of  original  faulty  construction,  have  be- 
come heavily  infested.  Such  remedial  measures  as  spraying  or 
fumigation,  or  even  removal  of  the  worst  infested  timbers, 
without  other  protection,  are  at  best  temporary.  Spraying  and 
fumigation  are  practically  useless. 

One  of  the  popular  remedies  being  exploited  is  the  spray- 
ing of  woodwork  with  poisons.  Spraying  of  construction  tim- 
bers or  other  woodwork,  even  under  a  forced  stream,  is  of  no 
real  value.  The  poison  has  little  if  any  penetration  unless  the 
timbers  are  so  badly  eaten  and  rotted  that  they  soak  up  the 
mixture  like  a  sponge — in  which  case  they  are  useless  and  should 
l)e  replaced. 

Another  exploited  remedy  is  the  poisoning  of  soil  near  the 
foundation  walls  or  supporting  pillars  underneath  the  buildings. 
All  that  can  be  said  now  of  such  treatment  is  that  it  is  si  ill 
very  much  in  the  experimental  stage.  ( )n  present  information 
the  Federal  entomologists  can  not  recommend  it  as  a  perma- 
nent remedy. 

The  only  effective  remedy  for  termite  damage  is  to  provide 
termite-proof  materials  for  foundations.  This  can  be  done  in 
two  wavs : 


22  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,   '32 

(1)  Reconstruct  the   foundation  walls,   including  cellar 
and   cellar   floors,   of   concrete  and   stone,   using  standard 
mortar ;  thoroughly  fill  all  openings  in  masonry  or  tile  con- 
struction ;  and  use,  where  necessary,  mechanical  barriers, 
such  as  metal  termite  shields.    With  this  protection  against 
entry,  movable  woodwork  placed  in   such  basements  and 
the  woodwork  of  the  main  and  upper  floors  can  be  fully 
and  adequately  protected  from  termite  damage. 

(2)  Where  in  the  construction  of  buildings  it  is  desir- 
able or  necessary  to  use  wood  touching  the  ground  or  near 
it,   this   wood   and  all   foundation   timbers   should   be   im- 
pregnated in  an  approved  manner  by  one  of  the  standard 
chemical  wood  preservatives. 

These  are  the  essentials  of  termite  proofing  in  new  con- 
struction. In  their  own  interest,  house  owners  are  cautioned 
not  to  accept  any  new  or  easy  methods,  such  as  fumigation  or 
spraying  of  woodwork  in  place,  or  soil  poisoning,  for  the  con- 
trol or  elimination  of  termites,  until  they  have  assured  them- 
selves of  the  effectiveness  of  the  method  by  asking  advice  either 
from  their  own  State  Departments  of  Agriculture  or  other 
competent  State  authorities,  or  from  the  Bureau  of  Entomol- 
ogy in  Washington. 

U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE,  OFFICE  OF  INFORMATION. 


Some  Observations   on  the   Predatory   Habits   of  Vespula 
diabolica   (Hymen.:  Vespidae). 

The  benefits  derived  from  the  presence  of  yellow  jackets,  or 
hornets,  are  often  overshadowed  by  the  ill  reputation  and  the 
general  fear  which  prevails  with  reference  to  these  animals. 
Their  usefulness  and  importance  were  emphasized  to  the  writer 
as  he  observed  them  capture  numerous  flies,  Musca  domestica 
being  their  chief  victim.  These  flies  were  infesting  a  some- 
what anemic  cow  who,  on  account  of  her  illness,  was  unable 
to  wage  an  effective  battle  against  the  impostors.  The  yellow 
jackets  came  to  her  rescue.  One  by  one  these  wasps  would 
swoop  down  on  the  unwary,  unsuspecting  fly  and  carry  it  off, 
presumably  to  the  nest.  The  details  of  the  performance  were 
as  follows :  The  wasp  would  overpower  and  with  a  few  jabs 
from  its  sting  completely  paralyze  its  victim.  A  near-by  wooden 
fence  was  the  first  stop  on  its  journey  towards  its  nest.  Here 
the  wasp  proceeded  to  claim  and  enjoy  the  spoils  that  belong 
to  the  conqueror.  The  fly  was  firmly  held  between  the  forelegs 
and  by  means  of  rapid  movements  of  the  mandibles  the  less 
delectable  parts,  such  as  the  wings,  legs  and  head,  were  snipped 
off,  producing  a  crushing,  crunching  sound,  distinctly  audible 


List  of  the  Titles  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  Referred  to  by 

Numbers   in   Entomological    Literature 

in  Entomological  News. 


1.  Transactions   of   The   American   Entomological    Society.      Philadelphia. 

2.  Entomologische    Blatter,    red.  v.  H.  Eckstein    etc.      Berlin. 

3.  Annals   of  the   Carnegie  Museum.     Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

4.  Canadian   Entomologist.      London,    Canada. 

5.  Pysche,  A  Journal  of  Entomology.     Boston,   Mass. 

6.  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.     New  York. 

7.  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America.     Columbus,  Ohio. 

8.  Entomologists'   Monthly   Magazine.     London. 

9.  The  Entomologist.     London. 

10.  Proceedings  of  the  Ent.  Soc.  of  Washington.     Washington,  D.  C. 

11.  Deutsche  entomologische   Zeitschrift.      Berlin. 

12.  Journal  of   Economic   Entomology,   Geneva,   N.   Y. 

13.  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology.     Claremont,  Cal. 

14.  Entomologische    Zeitschrift.      Frankfurt    a.  M.,    Germany. 

15.  Natural  History,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.     New  York. 

16.  American  Journal  of   Science.     New  Haven,   Conn. 

17.  Entomologische    Rundschau.      Stuttgart,    Germany. 

18.  Internationale   entomologische   Zeitschrift.     Guben,    Germany. 

19.  Bulletin  of  the   Brooklyn  Entomological   Society.     Brooklyn,   N.  Y. 

20.  Societas  entomologica.     Stuttgart,   Germany. 

21.  The  Entomologists'   Record  and  Journal  of   Variation.     London. 

22.  Bulletin  of   Entomological  Research.     London. 

23.  Bollettino    del    Laboratorio     di     Zoologia    generale     e     agraria     della 

R.   Scuola   superiore  d'Agricultura   in   Portici.     Italy. 

24.  Annales  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

25.  Bulletin  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

26.  Entomologischcr    Anzeiger,   hersg.    Adolf    Hoffmann.     Wien,    Austria. 

27.  Bolletino  della  Societa  Entomologica.     Geneva,   Italy. 

28.  Ent.    Tidskrift   utgifen   af    Ent.   Foreningen   i    Stockholm.      Sweden. 

29.  Annual   Report  of  the   Ent.   Society  of   Ontario.     Toronto,   Canada. 

30.  The   Maine   Naturalist.     Thornaston,   Maine. 

31.  Nature.     London. 

32.  Boletim  do  Museu  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janiero.     Brazil. 

33.  Bull,  et  Annales  de  la  Societe  entomologique  de  Belgique.     Bruxelles. 

34.  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  hrsg.  v.   E.  Korschelt.     Leipzig. 

35.  The   Annals   of    Applied    Biology.     Cambridge,    England. 

36.  Transactions   of  the   Entomological   Society   of   London.     England. 

37.  Proceedings   of    the    Hawaiian    Entomological    Society.     Honolulu. 

38.  Bull,  of  the  Southern  California  Academy  of   Sciences.     Los  Angeles. 

39.  The  Florida  Entomologist.     Gainesville,  Fla. 

40.  American   Museum    Novitales.     New   York. 

41.  Mitteilungen  der  schweiz.  ent.  Gesellschaft.     Schaffhausen,  Switzerland. 

42.  The  Journal   of    Experimental   Zoology.      Philadelphia. 

43.  Ohio   Journal   of   Sciences.     Columbus,    Ohio. 

44.  Revista   chilena    de   historia   natural.     Valparaiso,    Chile. 

45.  Zeitschrift    fiir    wissenschaftliche    Insektenbiologie.     Berlin. 

46.  'Zeitschrift  fiir  Morphologic  und  Okologie  der  Tiere.     Berlin. 

47.  Journal  of  Agricultural  Research.     Washington,   D.    C. 

48.  Wiener  entomologische  Zeitung.     Wien,   Austria. 

49.  Entomologische   Mitteilungen.     Berlin. 

50.  Proceedings   of   the  U.   S.   National   Museum.     Washington,   D.   C. 

51.  Notulae  entomologicae,  ed.  Soc.  ent.  helsingfors.    Helsingfors,  Finland. 

52.  Archiv   fiir   Naturgeschichte,   hrsg.  v.  E.  Strand.     Berlin. 


53.  Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science.     London. 

54.  Annales  de  Parasitologie  Humaine  et  Comparee.     Paris. 

55.  Pan-Pacific   Entomologist.     San    Francisco,   Cal. 

56.  "Konowia".     Zeit.    fur    systematische    Insektenkunde.      Wien,    Austria. 

57.  La  Feuille  des  Naturalistes.     Paris. 

58.  Entomologische  Berichten.    Nederlandsche  ent.   Ver.     Amsterdam. 

59.  Encyclopedic  entomologique,  ed.  P.  Lechevalier.     Paris. 

60.  Stettiner   entomologische   Zeitung.     Stettin,   Germany. 

61.  Proceedings  of   the   California   Academy  of   Sciences.     San   Francisco. 

62.  Bulletin  of  the  American  Museum  of   Natural  History.     New  York. 

63.  Deutsche  entomologische  Zeitschrift   "Iris".     Berlin. 

64.  Zeitschrift  des   osterr.   entomologen-Vereines.     Wien. 

65.  Zeitschrift  fur  angewandte  Entomologie,  hrsg.   K.   Escherich.     Berlin. 

66.  Report  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Meeting.     Pusa,  India. 

67.  University  of  California  Publications,  Entomology.     Berkeley,  Cal. 

68.  Science.     New  York. 

69.  Comptes  rendus  hebdoma.  des  seances  de  I'Academie  des  sciences.  Paris. 

70.  Entomologica  Americana,   Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn. 

71.  Novitates  Zoologicae.     Tring,   England. 

72.  Revue  russe -d'Entomologie.     Leningrad,  USSR. 

73.  Quarterly   Review  of   Biology.     Baltimore,   Maryland. 

74.  Sbornik  entomolog.  narodniho  musea  v  Praze.    Prague,  Czechoslavokia. 

75.  Annals  and  Magazine  of   Natural   History.     London. 

76.  The    Scientific    Monthly.     New    York. 

77.  Comptes  rendus  heb.  des  seances  et  memo,  de  la  soc.  de  biologic.  Paris. 

78.  Bulletin   Biologique  de  la  France  et  de  la  Belgique.     Paris. 

79.  Koleopterologische  Rundschau.     Wien. 

80.  Lepidopterologische   Rundschau,   hrsg.   Adolf   Hoffmann.     Wien. 

81.  Folia  myrmecol.  et  termitol.  hrsg.  Anton  Krausse.     Bernau  bei  Berlin. 

82.  Bulletin,  Division  of  the  Natural  History  Survey.     Urbana,  Illinois. 

83.  Arkiv   for  zoologie,   K.   Svenska    Vetenskapsakademien   i.      Stockholm. 

84.  Ecology.     Brooklyn. 

85.  Genetics.     Princeton,   New  Jersey. 

86.  Zoologica,  New  York  Zoological  Society.     New  York. 

87.  Archiv  fur  Entwicklungs  mechanik  der  Organ.,  hrsg.  v.  Roux.     Leipzig. 

88.  Die  Naturwissenschaften,  hrsg.  A.  Berliner.     Berlin. 

89.  Zoologische   Jahrbiicher,    hrsg.  v.  Spengel.     Jena,    Germany. 

90.  The  American  Naturalist.     Garrison-on-Hudson,  New  York. 

91.  Journal  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.     Washington,  D.  C. 

92.  Biological  Bulletin.     Wood's  Hole,  Massachusetts. 

93.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London.     England. 

94.  Zeitschrift  fiir  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.     Leipzig. 

95.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Soc.  of  Washington,    Washington,  D.  C. 

96.  La  Cellule.     Lierre,  Belgium. 

Q7.  Biologisches    Zentralblatt.     Leipzig. 

98.  Le   Naturaliste  Canadien.     Cap  Rouge,   Chicoutimi,  Quebec. 

99.  Melanges  exotico-entomolo^iques.  Par  Maurice  Pic.     Moulins,  France. 

100.  Bulletin    Intern.,    Academic    Polonaise    des    Sci.    et    des    Lett.    Cra- 

covie,   Poland. 

101.  Tijdschrift      voor      entomologie,       Nederlandsche       Entomol.       Ver., 

Amsterdam. 

102.  Entomologiske   Meddelelser,   Entomologisk   Forening,    Copenhagen. 

103.  Journal    of    the    Kansas    Entomological     Society,    Lawrence,     Kansas. 

104.  Revista  de  la  Sociedad  entomologica  Argentina,   Buenos  Aires. 


xliii,   '32]  I:\TO.MOLOGICAL  NEWS  23 

for  a  distance  of  four  or  five  feet ;  the  audibility  of  the  sound 
perhaps  being  augmented  by  the  vibrations  set  up  in  the  wooden 
fence  board.  The  entrails  and  the  body  fluids  of  the  abdomen 
were  eagerly  consumed,  leaving  only  the  chitinous  shell  which 
was  quickly  rejected.  The  wasp  then  would  fly  off  taking  with 
it  only  the  remaining  thorax.  Whether  appetite  or  instinct  was 
the  controlling  power  in  this  act  is  problematical.  Perhaps  the 
rejection  of  the  non-digestible  materials  reduced  the  weight  of 
the  body  sufficiently  to  enable  the  wasp  to  carry  its  booty  for 
a  considerable  distance  to  its  nest ;  or  perhaps  the  muscles  of 
the  thorax  constitute  the  "choice  cut"  of  the  "tenderloin"  of  the 
insect  carcass  and  as  such  were  reserved  for  the  precious  nurs- 
lings in  the  nest. 

A  few  yellow  jackets,  altho  not  the  most  desirable  company, 
would  do  much  to  rid  the  house  or  premises  of  flies,  and  if  left 
alone  will  do  n,o  harm.  Their  economic  value  and  importance 
are  apparent. 

J.  A.  ELSON,  Coll.  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Calif. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA   S.    MACKEY    UNDER   THE   SUPERVISION   OF 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining-  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures'within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also.  Review  of  Applied 
Kntninology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

;(•" \oti-  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Papers  published    in    the  Entomological  News  arc   not   listed. 

GENERAL — Allard,  H.  A. — The  reactions  of  some  in- 
sects to  rain.  [4]  63:  223-224.  Austen,  E.  E. — The  present 
state  of  the  National  Collection  of  insects.  [9]  64:  241-242. 
Davis,  J.  J. — Insects  of  Indiana  for  1930.  [Pro.  Indiana 
Acacl.  Sci.]  40:  307-320,  ill.  Hering,  M.— Minierer  an  \Yas- 
serpflanzen.  [Ent.  Jahrbuch]  1932:  69-76,  ill.  Hoffmann,  F. 


24  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,   '32 

— Ueber  das  leuchten  von  insekten  in  Brasilien.  [Ent.  Jahr- 
buch]  1932:  82-83.  Howard,  L.  O.— Man  and  insects.  [An. 
Rep.  Smiths.  lust.]  1930:  395-399.  Lindroth,  C.  H.— Die 
insektenfauna  islands  und  ihre  probleme.  [Zool.  Bidrag, 
Upsal]  13:  105-599,  ill.  Meissner,  O— Ueber  das  ausster- 
ben  der  insekten.  |  Ent.  Jahrbuch |  1932:  77-80.  Warnecke, 
G. — Einige  kritische  bemerkungen  iiber  die  frage  der  ver- 
wendbarkeit  meteorologischer  klimamessungen  fiir  zoogeo- 
graphische  untersuchungen.  [18]  25:  302-306.  Weiss  & 
Ziegler.  Another  miniature  portrait  of  Thomas  Say  and 
other  Say  notes.  [6]  39:  287-289,  ill.  Wolff,  M.— Eine 
reiseapparatur  fiir  mikrophotographische  arbeiten.  [Ent. 
Jahrbuch]  1932:  63-68,  ill.  Wolff,  M.  Mikrotechnische 
notizen  fiir  Entomologen.  [Ent.  Jahrbuch]  1932  :  81. 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,    ETC.— Bodenheimer    & 

Schmidt. — The     Robinson     method     for     determination     of 
bound  and  free  water  in  the  insect  body  [12]  24:  1090-1093. 
Combes,  M. — Sur  les  larves  de  fourmis  promenees  pendant 
la  unit  par  des  Formica  fusca  et  des  F.  pratensis  dans  six 
boites  a  observations.     [An.  Sci.  Nat.  Zool.,  Paris]   14:  275- 
280.    Crampton,  G.  C. --A  phylogenetic  study  of  the  pos- 
terior  metathoracic   and   basil   abdominal   structures   of  in- 
sects, with  particular  reference  to  the  holometabola.      [6] 
39:   323-356,   ill.     van  Emden,  F. — Zur  kenntnis  der  mor- 
phologic   und    okologie    des    brotkiifer-parasiten    Cephalon- 
omia   quadridentata.    [46]    23:   425-574,   ill.      Hering,   M.— 
Eine  zwillingsfliigelbildung  bei   Oxyplax  ochracea    (Lep.). 
[46]  23:  369-372,  ill.     Hertweck,  H.— Anatomic  und  varia- 
bilitat  des  nerven systems  und  der  sinnesorgane  von  Dros- 
ophila  melanogaster.   [94]    139:  559-663,  ill.     Hiestand,  W. 
A. — The  relation  of  oxygen  tension  to  oxygen  consumption 
in  the  insects  and  the  crayfish.      [Pro.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.| 
40:   345-346.      Koch,   A. — Die   symbiose   von    Oryzaephilus 
surnamensis   (Col.).   |46]   23:  389-424.  ill.     Malhotra,  R.  C. 
-Is  a  bee  attracted  to  clover  blossoms  by  odor?    [6]    39: 
273-277.     Newton,   H.  C.   F.— On   the   so-called   'Olfactory 
Pores'   in   the  honeybee.    [53]    74:   647-668,   ill.      Noll,  J.- 
Untersuchungen  uber  die  zeugung  und  staatenbildung  des 
Halictus  malachurus.     [46]    23:  285-368.  ill.     *Orska,  J- 
Sur    un    developpement    atypique    du    corps    mitochondrial 
chez  le  male  (Faux-Bourdon)  de  1'abeille  domes.tique  (Apis 
mellifica).     [77]  108:  680-682.  ill.    Portier,  P.— Les  chenilles 
mineuses    et   la   bacteriologie.      [L'Amateur    Papillons]    5: 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  XKWS  25 

265-270.  Reith,  F. — Versuche  iiber  die  determination  der 
keimesanlage  bei  Camponotus  ligniperda.  [94]  139:  664-734 
ill.  Scott,  H. — Note  on  the  use  of  the  hind  legs  as  weapons 
by  the  males  of  Deporaus  betulae.  [8|  67:  241-243.  Snod- 
grass,  R.  E.— Morphology  of  the  insect  abdomen.  Part  1. 
General  structure  of  the  abdomen  and  its  appendages. 
[Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.]  85:  128  pp.,  ill.  Teissier,  G.— Rech- 
erches  morphologiques  et  physiologiques  sur  la  croissance 
des  insectes.  [Trav.  Sta.  Biol.  Roscoff]  Fasc.  9:  29-238. 
Weber,  H.  -  -  Lebensweise  und  umweltbeziehungen  von 
Trialeurodes  vaporariorum  (Aleurodina).  [46]  23:  575-753, 
ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— *Bryant,  E.  B.- 

Notes  on  North  American  Anyphaeninae  in  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology.  [5]  38:  102-126,  ill.  *Crosby  & 
Bishop. -- Studies  in  American  spiders:  Genera,  Cornicu- 
laria,  Paracornicularia,  Tigellinus,  Walckenaera,  Epicerati- 
celus  and  Pelecopsis,  with  descriptions  of  new  genera  and 
species.  [6]  39:  359-402,  ill.  *Ewing,  H.  E.— A  catalogue  of 
the  Trombiculinae  or  chigger  mites,  of  the  New  World  with 
new  genera  and  species  and  a  key  to  the  genera.  [50]  80, 
Art  8:  19  pp.,  ill.  *Lundblad,  O.— Sudamerikanische  Hyd- 
racarinen.  [Zool.  Bidrag,  Upsal]  13:  1-86,  ill.  *Mello- 
Leitao.  --  Contribute  ao  estudo  da  tribu  Mastophoreas. 
Notas  sobre  Arachnideos  Argentines.  [An.  Acad.  Brasileira 
Sci.]  3:  65-74,  83-97,  ill.  Rau,  P. — The  mouse-eating  Taran- 
tula. [76]  1931:  563-564,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— *Carpen- 
ter,  F.  M. — Revision  of  the  Nearctic  Mecoptera  [Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.  Harvard  Coll.]  72:  205-277,  ill.  *Carpenter, 
F.  M. — The  affinities  of  Holcorpa  maculosa  and  other  ter- 
tiary Mecoptera,  with  descriptions  of- new  genera.  [6]  39: 
405-414,  ill.  *Milne,  L.  J. — Three  new  Canadian  Prophry- 
ganea.  (Phryganeidae,  Trichoptera).  [4]  63:  228-232,  ill. 
Montgomery,  B.  E. — Records  of  Indiana  dragonflies.  5. 
[Pro.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.]  40:  347-349.  *Navas,  R.  P.  L.- 
Insectos  del  Brasil.  [Rev.  Mus.  Paulista]  17:  455-458,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Rehn,  J.  A.  G.— On  the  Blattid  genera 
Abrodiaeta  (=Allacata)  and  Margattea.    [1]  57:  297-304,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.  —  *Beamer,  R.  H.--Some  Erythroneura 
(Grape  leaf  hoppers)  of  the  Maculata  group.  (Cicadellidae). 


26  ENTOMOLOGICAL  x i:\vs  [Jan.,    '32 

[4]  63 :  240-244,  cont.  *Bruner,  S.  C.— Two  new  species  of 
Heza  from  Cuba  (Reduviidae).  [19]  26:  124-130,  ill. 
*Drake,  C.  J. — Concerning  the  genus  "Leptodictya"  (Tin- 
gitidea).  [Bol.  Mus.  Nac.,  Rio  de  Janeiro]  7:  119-122.  (S). 
*Hottes  &  Prison. — The  plant  lice,  or  Aphidae,  of  Illinois. 
[Bull.  Div.  Nat.  Hist.  Surv.]  19:  121-447,  ill.  *Schmidt,  E. 
-Homopterologisches  aus  dem  Stettiner  Museum  fiir  natur- 
kunde.  [48]  48:  65-77.  Smith  &  Poos.— The  feeding  habits 
of  some  leaf  hoppers  of  the  genus  Empoasca.  [113]  43:  267- 
285,  ill.  de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R. — Alveotingis  grossocerata. 
[19]  26:  149.  de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.— Heteroptera  col- 
lected by  G.  P.  Englehardt  in  the  South  and  West.  [19]  26: 
135-139.  *Walley,  G.  S.  —  Corixidae  from  the  environs  of 
Hudson  Bay  (Corixidae).  [4]  63:  238-239,  ill.  *Werneck, 
F.  L. — Nota  previa  sobre  uma  nova  especie  de  Mallophaga 
(Gyropidae).  (S).  [Bol.  Biol.,  Rio  cle  Janeiro]  1931:  21-22, 
ill.' 

LEPIDOPTERA— *Bell,  E.  L.— Studies  in  the  Pyrrho- 
pyginae,  with  descriptions  of  several  new  species  (Hesperii- 
dae).  (S).  [6]  39:  417-490,  ill.  Bry.k  &  Eisner.— Variabilitat 
der  antennen  bet  der  gattung  Parnassius.  [Parnassiana] 
1 :  5-6.  *Clark,  A.  H. — A  new  subspecies  of  Poanes  massa- 
soit.  [3]  21  :  7-9.  *da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Amorbia  catenana, 
microlepidoptero  que  se  desenvolve  na  banana  (Tortricoi- 
dea:  Sparganothidae).  (S).  [Bol.  Biol.,  Rio  cle  Janeiro] 
1931  :  39-43,  ill.  Davis,  W.  T.— The  elliptical  goldenrod  gall, 
its  maker  and  destroyer.  [19]  26:  120-122,  ill.  Ficht,  G.  A. 

—Some  observation  on  the  seasonal  history  of  the  European 
corn  borer.  Pyrausta  nubilalis  in  Indiana.  [Pro.  Indiana 
Acad.  Sci]  40:"335-338,  ill.  *Gehlen,  B.— Neue  Sphingiden. 
(S).  [14]  45:  201-204.  Griffin  &  Griffin-Gillen.— A  hitherto 
unrecorded  "Anzeige"  by  J.  Hiibner.  [9]  64:  251-252. 
Hoffman,  F. — Beitrage  zur  naturgeschichte  brasilianischer 
schmetterlinge.  [45]  26:  109-124,  cont.  Klots,  A.  B.— New 
records  of  Microlepicloptera  from  New  York.  [6]  39:  2(H- 
293.  *Kruck,  A. — Neue  falterformen  von  Zentralamerika. 

[17]  48:  234-236,  ill.  *de  Miranda  Ribeiro,  V.  -  -  Lepidop- 
teros  de  Matto  Grosso.  [Bol.  Mus.  Nac.,  Rio  de  Janeiro) 
7:  31-52.  Montgomery,  R.  W.  --  Preliminary  list  of  the 
butterflies  of  Indiana.  [Pro.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.]  40:  351- 
355.  *von  Rosen  &  Prout.  Die  Lepidopteren  der  Deitts- 
chen  Gran-Chaco-Expedition  1925-26  mit  bervicksichtigung 
der  sammelergebnisse  von  Professer  Hosseus  in  der  Sierra 
de  Cordoba.  [Mitt.  Munchner  Ent.  Gesell.]  21:  14-36.  Spitz, 
R. — Especies  novas  de  Macrolepidopteros  Brasileiros  e  suas 
biologias.  [Rev.  Mus.  Paulista]  17:  459-471. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

DIPTERA.— Aldrich,  J.  M.— Notes  on  Francis  Walker's 
types  of  North  American  flies  of  the  family  Tachinidae. 
[50]  80,  Art.  10:  16  pp.  Burrell,  R.  W.— Dexia  ventralis, 
an  imported  parasite  of  the  Japanese  beetle.  [113]  43:  323- 
336,  ill.  *Krober,  O. — Die  kleinen  gattungen  der  Dichelacer- 
inae  End.  ans  der  siidamerikanischen  Region  (Tabanidae). 
[Rev.  Ent.  Sao  Paulo].  1:  282-298,  ill.  *Lengersdorf,  F.- 
Neue  Sciara  (  Lycoria)  arten  avis  der  sammlung  des  Zoo- 
logischen  Instituts  cler  Universitat  Halle.  [34]  96:  251-255, 
ill.  Pinto,  C. -- Caracteristicas  morfologicas  da  larva  de 
Ctenocephalides  felis  ( Siphonaptera.  Pulicidae).  [Bol.  Biol., 
Rio  de  Janeiro]  1931:  28-34,' ill.  Travassos,  L.— Algumas 
ol>servac,6es  sobre  a  Dermatobia  hominis.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Rio 
de  Janeiro]  1931  :  35-37,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA. — Boving  &  Craighead. — An  illustrated 
synopsis  of  the  principal  larval  forms  of  the  order  Coleop- 
tera.  [70]  11  :  256,  pp.  ill.,  cont.    Cros,  A. — Biologic  des  Me- 
loes.  [An.  Sci.  Nat.  Zool.,  Paris]   14:  189-227.    Dobzhansky, 
T. — The  North  American  beetles  of  the  genus  Coccinella. 
[50]  80,  Art.  4:  32pp.     *van  Emden,  F.— Zur  kenntnis  der 
Sandalidae.  (S).  [2]  27:  107-116,  cont.     Fall,  H.  C.— Notes 
on  certain  species  of  Attelabus.  with  a  table  of  the  North 
American    species.    |  19]    26:    107-110.      *Fisher,   W.    S.— A 
new   ant-like   cerambycid    beetle    from    Honduras.    [5]    38: 
99-101.     Hood,  J.  D.— Cicindela  unipunctata  in  New  York 
State.   [19]   26:   139.     -Hopping,  P.— New  Coleoptera  from 
western  Canada.  [4]  63:  233-238.     Kleine,  R.— Der  stridula- 
tionsapparat   der   Rhynchophoren.    [17]    48:   229-231,   cont. 
*Luederwaldt,  H. — Monographia  dos  Passalideos  do  Brasil. 
O  genero  Ontherus  com  uma  chave,  para  a  determinacao 
dos    pinothides    Americanos.    Duas    especics    novas    Brasil- 
eiras.    Da   familia   dos    Lucanideos    (Lamell.).    As    especies 
Sul-Americanas     de     Bolboceras    salvo    quanto     as    do    Chile 
(Lamellic.   Geotrup.).    [Rev.  Mns.    Paulista]    17:   1-262,  ill., 
363-422,  ill.,  423-420.  427-454.   ill.     Montgomery    &    Mont- 
gomery.—  Records    of   Indiana    Coleoptera.    I.    Cicindelidae. 
[Pro.  Indiana  Acacl.  Sci.]   40:  357-359.     Mutchler,  A.  J.- 
llenotype  designations  of  the  genera   llydrophilus  and  Hy- 
drochara.  [40]  507:  5pp.    *Pic,  M. — Neue  exotische  Coleop- 
teren   ( Malacodermata).  (S).   |2C|    11:  377-379.     *Pic,  M.- 
\oiiveaux   Coleopteres.    (S).    |  liull.    Alu>.    Nat.    Hist.    Nat., 
Paris]    (2)  3:  444-449.     *Schaeffer,  C.-  Mew  species  of  Di- 
sonycha  and  notes  (Chrysomelidae).  [6]  39:  279-285.  *Wen- 
deler,  H. — Eine  reihe  neuer  Paederus-arten  aus  verschiede- 
n en    exotischen    faunengebieten    (Staph.).    (S).    [11]    1931: 
37-48. 


28  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Jan.,   '32 

HYMENOPTERA.— *Banks,  N.— Psammocharidae  from 
Yucatan.  [19]  26:  131-134.  *Dow,  R.— Two  new  Mutillidae 
from  the  West  Indies.  [Occas.  Pap.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.] 
8:  4pp.  Hill  &  Smith. — Seasonal  history  and  morpholog- 
ical notes  on  Polyscelis  modestus.  [10]  33:  182-184,  ill. 
Jacob,  H.- — Beobachtungen  iiber  das  "Herbststerben"  der 
bienen  im  alto  (obern)  Paranagebiet  Paraguays.  [Ent. 
Jahrbuch]  1932:  152-155.  McAtee,  W.  L.— Paper  wasps 
(Polistes)  in  bird  houses.  [10]  33:  186.  Malyshev,  S.  J.- 
Lebensgeschichte  der  holzbienen,  Xylocopa  (A'poidea).  [46] 
23:  754-809,  ill.  *Middleton,  W.— Two  new  species  of  saw- 
flies  of  the  sub-genus  Meodiprion.  [10]  33:  171-176.  *Mid- 
dleton,  W. — A  new  species  of  sawfly  of  the  sub-genus  Zadi- 
prion  with  a  description  of  the  male  of  N.  (Z.)  vallicola 
and  a  key  to  the  species  of  the  sub-genus.  [10]  33:  165-170. 
Rau,  P. — The  nests  and  nesting  sites  of  four  species  of 
Polistes  wasps.  [19]  26:  111-118.  ill.  Rau,  P.— Polistes 
wasps  and  their  use  of  water.  [84]  690-693.  *Schwarz,  H. 
F. — Anthidium  polingae,  new  species,  from  Texas.  [6]  39: 
315-320,  ill.  Smith,  M.  R. — Ts  Eciton  mexicanum  really 
Eciton  pilosus.  [6]  39:  295-298.  Sturtevant,  A.  H.— Ants 
collected  on  Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts.  [5]  38:  73-79. 
*Wheeler,  W.  M. — The  ant  Camponotus  (Myrmepomis) 
sericeiventris  and  its  mimic.  [5]  38:  86-98,  ill.  Wheeler,  W. 
M. — Concerning  some  ant  gynandromorphs.  [5]  38:  80-85. 
*Whittaker,  O. — New  and  little-known  Diapriidae  from 
British  Columbia.  [10]  33:  176-182. 


OBITUARY. 

The  death  of  ANDREW  GRAY  WEEKS,  JR.,  student  of  the 
Lepidoptera,  on  December  7,  1931,  at  Marion,  Massachusetts, 
was  announced  in  the  newspapers  of  the  following  day.  He 
was  born  in  Boston,  October  2,  1861,  and  received  the  A.  B. 
degree  from  Harvard  in  1883.  For  twenty  years  he  was 
engaged  in  business.  In  1903  he  became  an  Honorary  Associate 
in  Entomology  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.  He 
specialized  on  the  diurnal  Lepidoptera  and  among  his  publica- 
tions was  a  volume  entitled  Illustrations  of  Diurnal  Lepidoptera 
zvith  Descriptions,  with  fine  colored  plates  (Boston,  Printed  by 
the  University  Press,  Cambridge,  U.  S.  A.,  1905).  It  contains 
also  the  itinerary  of  Wm.  J.  Gerhard  (now  curator  of  insects 
in  the  Field  Museum,  Chicago)  in  Peru  and  Bolivia  in  1898 
and  1899,  who  collected  for  Mr.  Weeks  in  those  countries. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  December,   1931,  was  mailed  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Post  Office  on  Dec.  18,  1931. 


Subscriptions  for  1932  now  Payable. 

FEBRUARY,  1932 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLIII 


No.  2 


V 

L5  \i-i2    £•; 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Drake  and  Decker — A  Scavenger  Fly,  Chrysomyza  demandata  Fabr., 

Breeding  in  Corn  Silage  (Dipt.:  Ortalidae) 29 

Hebard— A  New  Hawaiian  Species  of  Labia  (Dermaptera:   Labiinae).         31 
Coxey — Description  of  a  New  Race  of  Eurema  gundlachia  Poey  from 

Ecuador  (Lepid:  Pieridae) 33 

Klyver — Biological  Notes  and  New  Records  of  North  American  Cher- 

midae  (Homoptera) 

Benesri — Notes  on  Some  Stag-Beetles  (Coleop.:  Lucanidae) 40 

Knull — Notes  on  Coleoptera. — No.  3 42 

Wade.  — Honor  to  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  Abroad 45 

Editorial — Entomology  at  the  Convocation  Week  Meetings,  December 

28,  1931,  to  January  2,  1932 46 

The  Weeks  Collection  of  Butterflies  (Lepid.,  Rhopalocera) 48 

Cockerell — An  Additional  Note  on  Andrena  hitei  and  A.  ribifloris  (Hy- 

menoptera  ;  Andrenidae) 48 

Johannseu — European  Excursions  for  Entomologists  in  1932 49 

Entomological  Literature 1 

Review — Rennie  W.  Doane's  Common  Pests 

Obituary — Frederick  Arthur  Godfrey  Muir 56 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1. 

Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January   15,  1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors. 

Advisory  Committee:  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .         .        $3.00 
Canada     .  .....          3.15 

Foreign    .  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  "  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tiVn,  without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  35  cents; 
!,!!«  or.four  Pag",  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numb«ra 
•>f  copies  will  he  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENT.   NEWS,  VOL    XL1II. 


Plate  1. 


LARVAE    OF    CHRYSOMYZA    DEMANDATA    IN    CORN    SILAGE 

—DRAKE  AND  DECKER. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLIII.  FEBRUARY,    1932  No.   2 

A  Scavenger  Fly,  Chrysomyza  demandata  Fabr., 
Breeding  in  Corn  Silage  (Dipt.  :  Ortalidae).* 

By  C.  J.  DRAKE  and  G.  C.  DECKER,  Ames,  Iowa. 

Plate  I. 

A  European  scavenger  fly  Chrysomyza  dcuiandata  Fabr.,*: 
first  recorded  in  the  United  States  in  1900,  was  found  in  large 
numbers  breeding  in  silage  during  the  month  of  April,  1931, 
near  Valley  Junction,  Iowa.  According  to  published  records 
this  species  is  a  scavenger  of  very  general  breeding  habits  in 
decaying  plant  materials.  It  has  been  reared  from  manure, 
decaying  fruits  and  vegetables,  insect  excrement  and  from 
situations  where  decaying  and  fermenting  organic  matter  was 
available.  In  Europe  the  maggots  have  been  found  in  fer- 
menting clover  which  had  been  subjected  to  a  crude  process 
of  ensilage.  This  seems  to  be  the  only  record  of  its  breeding 
in  silage  or  other  stock  feeds. 

On  April  6,  1931,  Mr.  Hoyt  Elbert,  a  farmer  and  stock- 
feeder  living  two  and  one-half  miles  southwest  of  Valley  Junc- 
tion, Iowa,  observed  a  large  number  of  living  maggots  in  his 
silage  as  it  was  being  transferred  from  the  silo  to  the  feeding 
bunks  for  his  cattle.  At  first  he  was  under  the  impression 
that  the  maggots  were  generally  distributed  throughout  the  silo, 
but  a  closer  examination  revealed  that  they  were  restricted 
largely  to  small  pockets  of  decaying  silage. 

The  silo  in  question  was  of  wooden  interlocking  stave  con- 
struction, 16x36  feet,  and  in  fairly  good  condition.  It  had 
been  filled  on  September  2  and  3,  1930,  with  corn  which  had 
been  injured  by  the  drought  and,  as  a  result,  was  a  little  too  dry 
to  make  the  best  grade  of  corn  silage.  In  addition,  the  surface 
was  not  tramped  thoroughly  and  no  water  had  been  added  dur- 
ing the  siloing  process.  As  a  result  there  were  numerous  pock- 

*  Journal  Paper  No.  B8  of  the  Iowa  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. 
**  Determined  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich,  U.  S.  N.  M.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

29 


30  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb..  '32 

ets  of  loose  dry  fodder  which  did  not  undergo  the  normal 
heating  and  fermenting  process  which  is  essential  to  the  preser- 
vation of  the  silage.  In  these  small  pockets  of  decaying  and 
rotten  silage  the  maggots  occurred  in  great  numbers. 

When  first  observed  the  maggots  were  nearly  full  grown 
and  the  silage  was  about  10  or  12  feet  above  the  concrete  foun- 
dation. As  the  farmer  was  feeding  over  100  steers  a  horizontal 
layer  of  from  4  to  6  inches  of  silage  was  removed  daily,  the 
top  surface  being  kept  level  so  as  to  expose  as  little  as  possible 
of  the  silage  to  the  air.  These  small  pockets,  each  containing 
about  one  cubic  foot  of  decaying  and  rotten  silage,  occurred  in 
different  layers  here  and  there  throughout  the  silo.  From  the 
time  the  maggots  were  first  noted.  April  6,  until  the  silo  was 
empty,  April  30,  the  maggots  were  found  each  day  in  these 
pockets  in  large  numbers.  It  was  impossible  to  determine  when 
the  eggs  had  been  deposited  or  how  long  the  maggots  had  re- 
mained in  the  larval  stage.  Samples  of  infested  silage  were 
placed  in  tight  tin  cans  and  transported  to  the  Insectary  at 
Ames.  The  material  was  then  divided  into  two  lots,  one  lot 
being  placed  in  tight  tin  cans  containing  about  two  inches  of 
moist  sand,  and  the  other  in  a  similar  container  without  any 
sand.  In  the  former  cages  a  considerable  number  of  the  mag- 
gots immediately  entered  the  sand  for  pupation,  whereas  the 
maggots  in  the  container  without  sand  remained  quite  active  and 
only  now  and  then  one  transformed  into  the  resting  stage.  After 
a  few  days  a  little  moist  sand  was  added  to  the  second  lot  of 
containers  and  the  maggots  immediately  entered  the  sand  for 
pupation.  From  these  observations  it  seems  quite  evident  that 
the  larvae  had  remained  active  for  several  days  after  reaching 
maturity  because  of  the  unfavorable  conditions  for  pupation. 

The  farmer  and  the  county  agent  both  considered  the  silage 
of  a  fairly  good  grade.  In  removing  the  silage  from  the  silo 
no  attempt  was  made  to  discard  the  rotten  maggoty  silage,  it 
being  mixed  with  the  good  silage  as  it  was  loaded  on  the  wagon 
and  placed  in  the  feeding  bunks.  The  cattle  relished  the  silage 
and  did  very  well  on  it,  consuming  thousands  of  maggots  dur- 
ing the  month  of  April  without  any  apparent  injury  or  ill 
effects. 

PLATE  I.    Larvae  oi  Clirysoinyzu  demandata  Fabr.  in  corn  silage. 


xliii,  '32] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


31 


A  New  Hawaiian  Species  of  Labia  (Dermaptera  : 
Forfieulidae,  Labiinae). 

By  MORGAN  HEBARD. 

Specimens  of  an  earwig  related  to  Labia  dubronyi  Hebard  l 
have  been  submitted  to  us  by  Mr.  O.  H.  Swezey. 

Though  we  realize  that  decided  individual  variation  occurs  in 

o 

many  species  of  earwigs,  these  individuals  differ  from  those  of 
dubronvi  in  the  features  given  below,  and  as  no  convergence  is 
shown  by  any  specimen  of  either  series,  we  believe  that  a  distinct 
species  and  not  a  race  or  mere  variation  is  indicated.  This 
species  we  take  pleasure  in  naming  Labia  szvezcyi. 

It  averages  larger  and  is  distinctly  more  robust  than  dubronyi, 
the  pronotum  broader  in  proportion  to  the  width  across  the 
tegmina  and  the  male  forceps  are  toothed  just  beyond  a  median 
point,  instead  of  having  a  ventro-internal  flange  which,  gradually 
widening,  terminates  in  a  tooth  at  the  end 
of  the  proximal  three-fifths. 

Labia  swezeyi  new  species.     Figure  1. 

Type :  $  ;  Mount  Kaala,  Oahu,  Ha- 
waiian Islands.  Elevation  2000  feet. 
November  11,  1926.  (O.  H.  Swezey; 
from  beneath  bark  of  tree.)  [Hebard 
Collection,  Type  No.  1205.] 

Size  medium  small,  form  medium. 
Head  as  in  dubronyi;  hirsute,  angularly 
cordiform,  the  medio-longitudinal  suture 
weakly  indicated  in  occipital  portion.  Eye 
small,  slightly  over  half  length  of  cheek. 
Antennae  as  in  dubronyi;  with  thirteen 
joints ;  first  large,  narrow  in  proximal 
third,  with  parallel  sides  in  distal  two- 
thirds,  as  long  as  third  and  fourth  com- 
bined; second  very  small;  distal  joints 
elongate  spindle-shaped.  Pronotum  ap- 
preciably broader  than  in  dubronyi  but 

otherwise     similar,     very     minutely     im-       Fij?  x    Labia  swezeyi  n. 
presso-punctulate  and  hirsute.     Tegmina  SP-  *  aiiotype  x  e. 
and    wings    as    in    that    species;    hirsute,    the    former    with 
apices   transversely   truncate.      Abdomen    similar   but   broader, 
glands   sububsoleu-,   dorsal    surface   shining  and    supplied   with 

1  Described  in  Occas.  Papers  B.  P.  Bishop  Mus.,  VII,  p.  318,  pi.  XXVI, 
figs.  5  to  7,  (1922). 


32  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Feb..  '32 

even  finer  hairs  but  ultimate  tergite  with  large  smooth  areas. 
Pygidium  as  in  dubronyl;  strongly  declivent,  then  flattened  in 
a  large  horizontal  plate  which  is  triangularly  produced  meso- 
laterad  and  with  apex  formed  by  two  smaller  triangular  pro- 
ductions (thus  resembling  a  four-pointed  star).  Forceps  mod- 
erately elongate,  hirsute,  almost  straight  but  with  inner  margins 
concave-convergent  proximad  and  apices  moderately  incurved, 
armed  slightly  beyond  the  middle  on  the  internal  margin  with 
a  single  small  but  stout  tooth,  situated  mesad  (vertically)  and 
not  ventrad  as  is  the  apical  tooth  of  the  flange  in  dubronyi. 
Caudal  metatarsus  similarly  with  length  slightly  greater  than 
combined  length  of  succeeding  joints  and  with  a  row  of  hairs 
ventro-internally  arranged  in  a  series  of  lamellae. 

Allotypc:   9  ;  same  data  as  type.      [Hebard  Collection.] 

Differs  from  male  as  follows,  agreeing  with  this  sex  of  dub- 
ronyi except  in  averaging  larger  and  more  robust  and  in  show- 
ing a  minor  pygidial  difference.  The  node  we  described  for 
that  species,  situated  meso-distad  on  the  ultimate  tergite,  could 
well  be  termed  a  small  tooth.  The  pygidium  in  both  species  is 
also  slightly  narrower  than  an  arm  of  the  forceps  at  its  base ; 
convex-declivent  to  a  very  narrowly  transverse  distal  horizontal 
flange,  the  disto-lateral  angles  of  this  flange  sharp  in  sivczcyi 
and  its  apex  slightly  broader  than  in  dubronyi  as  in  this  species 
the  straight  lateral  margins  are  appreciably  divergent  caudad 
which  is  not  the  case  in  dubronyi.  Forceps  well  separated, 
showing  weak  curvature  as  in  the  male,  dorsal  and  ventral 
internal  margins  coarsely  and  irregularly  denticulate  and  feebly 
concave  in  proximal  three-fifths,  thence  unarmed  and  showing 
slightly  greater  concavity  to  the  apex  with  ventral  margin 
developed  into  a  very  feeble  flange. 

Head,  disk  of  pronotum  (in  intensive  examples),  exposed 
portions  of  wings  and  bases  of  median  and  caudal  femora  deep 
chestnut-brown.  Abdomen,  base  of  pygidium  in  male  and  all 
of  it  in  female  and  apices  of  forceps  russet,  horizontal  portion 
of  pygidium  in  male  and  other  portions  of  forceps  in  both 
sexes  ochraceous  tawny.  All  but  disk  of  pronotum  (in  intensive 
examples),  tegmina  and  limbs  (except  bases  of  median  and 
caudal  femora)  buckthorn  brown.  Antennae  dark  prouts 
brown,  becoming  paler  proximad. 

Length  of  body   £   7.4,    9    7.8  L> ;  length  of  pronotum    £    1.24, 
9    1.27;  width  of  pronotum   <$    1.21,    9    1.22;  length  of  tegmen 
$   1.75,   $    1.77;  exposed  length  of  wing   $   .43,   9   .57;  length 
of  forceps   $  3.8,   9   3  mm. 

A  male  and  two  females  bear  the  same  data  and  are  paratypes. 

2  The   body   length   of   the    paratypic    female   of   Labia    dubronyi    from 
Opeaeula,  Oahu.  is  7.7  mm.,  as  originally  given  hut  the  abdomen  is  g 
pressed  out;  this  dimension  in  life  was  probably  not  over  7  mm. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  33 

Description  of  a  New  Race  of  Eurema  gundlachia 
Poey  from  Ecuador  (Lepid. :  Pieridae). 

By  W.  JUDSON  COXEY. 

EUREMA  GUNDLACHIA  race  morleyi  new  race. 

This  race  differs  from  the  typical  gundlachia  from  Southern 
United  States,  Mexico  and  Cuba  in  that  the  head  and  scapula 
have  a  strong  admixture  of  black.  The  veins  of  the  wing- 
especially  at  the  base  are  more  or  less  defined  by  black  scales. 

9  paler  than  the  male  with  basal  portion  of  the  wings  strong- 
ly suffused  with  black,  however  leaving  the  basal  costal  area 
wholly  yellowish  orange. 

This  race  is  readily  distinguished  from  Eurema  prater pia 
watsoni  Klots,  also  described  from  Ecuador,  by  having  the 
tails  of  the  secondaries  more  acutely  produced  in  both  sexes. 

Type — Male ;  Huigra,  4000  feet  elevation,  Ecuador,  Decem- 
ber, 1928.  Allotype — Female  ;  collected  with  type.  Paratypes— 
1  $,  collected  with  type;  2$  Xaranjapata,  1850  feet  eleva- 
tion, Ecuador,  November,  1926.  Collected  by  \Y.  Judson  Coxey 
and  named  for  Edward  Morley  of  Huigra,  Ecuador,  whose 
hospitality  and  assistance  to  the  writer  are  greatly  appreciated. 

Types  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia. 


Biological  Notes  and  New  Records  of  North 
American  Chermidae  (Homoptera). 

By  F.  D.  KLYVER,  San  Mateo  Junior  College,  San  Mateo, 

California. 
(Continued  from  page  12.) 

KUWAYAMA  LAVATERAE  Van  Duzee.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults 
and  nymphs :  from  Lavatcra  assurgenti flora,  Roosevelt  High 
School,  Daly  City,  May  4,  1929;  from  same  host,  North  Grant 
Avenue,  San  Mateo,  May  5,  1929;  same  data,  July  2,  1929; 
from  same  host,  Olympic  Golf  Course,  San  Francisco,  July  6, 
1929 ;  from  same  host,  King  City,  December  8,  1929 ;  from 
same  host,  Spreckels,  same  date ;  from  same  host,  Belmont,  San 
Mateo  County,  November  15,  1(>30;  from  "Malva",  San  Fran- 
cisco, Novembr  1,  1930  (J.  B.  Steinweden). 
Host :  Lavatera. 


34  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

This  species  becomes  exceedingly  abundant  and  apparently  is 
sometimes  the  primary  cause  of  death  of  its  host.  Adults, 
nymphs  of  all  stages,  and  numerous  eggs  are  to  be  found  simul- 
taneously on  the  ventral  side  of  the  leaves  and  on  the  younger 
growth  including  the  buds  and  flowers.  In  moderate  infesta- 
tion the  nymphs  occur  is  blister-like  depressions.  In  more 
severe  cases  there  may  be  as  many  as  three  hundred  or  more 
nymphs  on  a  single  leaf.  The  fact  that  successive  generations 
over-lap  in  time  in  this  species  suggests  that  something  has 
disturbed  its  synchronization.  Possibly  the  influence  of  climate 
is  responsible,  since  this  species  was  supposedly  introduced  with 
its  host  from  the  islands  off  the  coast  of  southern  California. 

LEURONO'TA    MACULATA    Crawford.      NEW    MEXICO. — Adults 
only:  from  Lcpidhnn  alyssosidcs,  1  mile  east  of  Mesquite,  May 
6,  1931   (Romney)  ;  same  data,  June  4,  1931. 
Host :     Unknown.     Nominal  Hosts :     Lcpidium,  Condalia  obo- 
vata,  Columbrina  texana. 

PARATRIOZA  COCKERELLI  Sulc.  ARIZONA. — Adults  only:  from 
Salsola  pcstifcr,  2  miles  south  of  Springerville,  August  4,  1929 
(Romney)  ;  same  data,  13  miles  east  of  Springerville.  CALI- 
FORNIA.--Adults  and  nymphs:  from  Solatium  innbeUifcrum, 
Stanford  University,  April  24,  1929  (Duncan)  ;  from  same 
host,  Hillsborough,  May  12,  1929.  Nymphs  only:  from  same 
host,  Tesla,  southeast  of  Livermore,  May  11,  1929;  from  same 
host,  Clark's  Canyon,  San  Mateo,  May  20,  1929;  from  Con- 
volvulus, Stanford  University,  October  17,  1922  (Ferris)  ; 
from  pepper  leaves,  Santa  Ana,  August  31,  1930  (Keifer). 
Adults  only:  from  .S.  unibcllifcriiui.  San  Mateo,  June  15,  1929; 
from  Finns  monophylla,  Marangue  Peak,  Argus  Mountains, 
April  12,  1929;  from  Chrysothainnus,  Rock  Creek,  north  of 
Bishop,  June  19,  1931  ;  from  Atnplex,  3  miles  south  of  Lone 
Pine,  June  19,  1931.  NEW  MEXICO. — Adults  only:  from  Sal- 
sola  pcstifcr,  3.5  miles  west  of  Datil,  August  6,  1929  (Rom- 
ney) ;  from  same  host,  .5  mile  south  of  Alma,  August  3,  1929 
(Romney)  ;  from  Scnecio  filifoUns,  21.5  miles  north  of  Lords- 
burg,  August  10,  1929  (Romney)  ;  from  unknown  host,  Mesilla 
Valley,  June  9,  1929  (Romney).  UTAH. — Adults  only:  from 
beets,  Delta,  July  27,  1927  (Knowlton)  ;  from  tomatoes, 
Hooper,  October  14,  1927  (Pack:  Knowlton)  ;  same  data,  from 
willow,  same  date;  from  unknown  host,  June  13,  1930  (Knowl- 
ton: Melvin  Jones). 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NKXVS 

Hosts:  Solatium  umbellifcrum,  S.  nujrum,  S.  tuberosum,  Cap- 
sicum annuum,  Convolvulus.  Nominal  Hosts:  Alfalfa,  arbor- 
vitae,  spruce,  tobacco,  petunia,  pine,  beets,  willow,  Datura, 
lochroma,  Covillca,  Erigonuin,  Sophia,  Norta,  Chrysothamnus, 
Lcpidiwn,  Hymcnodea,  Salsola. 

The  nymphs  of  this  species  are  found  on  the  ventral  side  of 
the  leaves,  on  the  caylx,  and  the  fruit,  the  eggs  being  most  com- 
mon on  the  younger  growth  as  far  as  available  records  show. 
The  nymphs  are  oval  in  outline,  and  closely  appressed  to  the 
leaf  in  shallow  depressions.  The  younger  nymphs  are  orange 
in  color,  the  older  nymphs  have  pale  green  bodies  with  the 
wing  pads  orange,  and  the  eggs  are  yellow.  This  species  is  evi- 
dently of  considerable,  but  imperfectly  known,  economic  im- 
portance. There  is  evidence  that  it  may  be  of  some  importance 
as  a  carrier  of  pathogenic  organisms  infesting  economic  plants. 

PARATRIOZA  MACULIPENNIS  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults 
only:  from  Atriplc.r,  north  of  Tracy,  October  12,  1929  (An- 
nand)  ;  from  Lyciuni,  Darwin  Wash,  near  Marangue  Peak, 
Argus  Mountains,  April  12,  1930;  from  grass,  Carmichael, 
Sacramento  County,  June  25,  1931  (Keifer). 
Host:  Unknown.  Nominal  Hosts:  Atriplex,  Lyciuni,  Con- 
volvulus occidentalis,  Sali.v.  Convolvulus  arvcnsis.  Ccanotluts 
cordulatus,  grass. 

TKIOZA  BAKERI  Crawford.     CALIFORNIA.  --  Adults  only:  from 
Arctostaphylos,  17.2  miles  west  of  Coalinga,  December  8,  \()2(); 
from  pear  trees,  Kelseyville,  April  8,  1931   (Keifer). 
Host:     Unknown.     Nominal  Hosts:     Pinus  pondcrosa.  Abies. 
Arctostaphylos,  spruce,  pear. 

TRIOZA     BREVIANTENNATA     Crawford.       CALIFORNIA. — Adult 
only:  from  Atriplcx,  north  of  Tracy,  October  12,   1929  (An- 
nand). 
Host:     Unknown.     Nominal  Host:     Atrlplcx. 

TRIOZA  COLLARIS  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  only :  from 
Baccharis  viminca.  Corral  Hollow,  10  miles  southwest  of  Tracy. 
November  4,  1929  (Annand)  ;  same  data,  November  ( Annand 
and  Klyver)  ;  from  same  host,  5  miles  west  of  Coalinga,  (adults 
mating),  December  8,  1929;  from  same  host,  Keene,  Tehachapi 
Creek,  Kern  County,  April  13,  1930;  from  B.  pilnhiris,  sand 
dunes,  San  Francisco,  April  3,  1931;  from  S\t!i.v,  4.7  miles 
southeast  of  Byron  on  Vasco  Road,  November  30,  1929;  from 
Ephcdra,  Marangue  Peak,  Argus  Mountains,  April  12,  1930. 
NEW  MEXICO. — Adults  only:  from  Lcpidium  alyssoidcs.  1  mile 
east  of  Mesquite,  May  26,  1931  (Rnmney). 


36  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

Host:       (Baccharisf)       Nominal    Hosts:      Baccharis,    Sali.r, 
Ephedra,  Lepidium. 

The  skins  of  a  number  of  last  stage  nymphs  were  taken 
from  Baccharis  pilularis  on  the  sand  dunes,  San  Francisco. 
While  this  is  not  positive  proof  that  these  are  the  skins  of  T. 
collaris  nymphs,  it  is  regarded  as  very  strong  circumstantial 
evidence  to  this  effect,  especially  in  view  of  the  frequency  with 
which  this  chermid  has  been  taken  from  Baccharis. 

The  nymphal  skins  were  unaccompanied  by  conspicuous  wax 
secretion. 

TRIOZA  ALBIFRONS  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA.  -  -  Adults  and 
nymphs ;  from  Urtica  gracilis  var.  holosericca,  San  Mateo 
Creek,  San  Mateo,  October  25,  1929;  from  same  host,  Mallard 
Lake,  Golden  Gate  Park,  San  Francisco,  November  1,  1929; 
from  same  host,  south  of  Tehachapi,  Kern  County,  April  13, 
1930;  from  same  host,  San  Remo,  south  of  Carmel,  March  30, 
1931 ;  from  same  host.  Smith  Creek,  Mount  Hamilton  Road, 
Santa  Clara  County,  April  18,  1931.  Nymph  only:  taken  by 
sweeping  weeds,  3  miles  west  of  Corral  Hollow,  southwest  of 
Tracy,  November  30,  1929.  Adults  only :  from  Urtica,  Three 
Rivers,  Tulare  County,  April  18,  1930.  NEW  MEXICO. — Adults 
only :  from  Am-aranthus  retro  flexus,  Brazos,  July  18,  1929 
(Romney)  ;  same  data,  Chama,  same  date. 
Host:  Urtica.  Nominal  Hosts:  Amaranthus,  weeds. 

The  nymphs  occur  without  waxy  secretion  on  the  ventral 
side  of  the  leaves  and  on  the  younger  growth.  This  species  is 
especially  interesting  because  of  its  close  relationship  to  T. 
urticac  (L.),  the  European  species  infesting  nettle. 

TRIOZA  FRONTALIS  Crawford.     NEVADA. — -Adults  and  nymphs : 
from  Ainclanchicr  alnifolia,  Zephyr  Point,  Lake  Tahoe,  July 
16,  1929. 
Host :     Amclanchicr. 

The  nymphs  are  found  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  leaves,  un- 
accompanied by  wax.  They  are  not  known  to  occur  in  abun- 
dance. 

TRIOZA    OBTUSA    Patch.      NOVA    SCOTIA. — Adults  'only:    from 

Finns,  Smith's  Cove,  no  date  (\Y.  H.  Brittain). 

Host:   Amelanchicr  canadensis.     Nominal  Host :     Pnins. 

The  nymphs  are  found  on  the  ventral  side. of  the  leaves.    Un- 


xliii.  '32]  KXTOMOLOCFCAL  XK\\  s  37 

like  the  closely  related  western  species,  T.  frontalis,  they  pro- 
duce an  abundance  of  white,  floss-like  wax. 

TRIOZA  MAURA  Forster.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and  nymphs: 
from  Sali.v  lasiandra,  Santa  Rosa,  July  24,  1922  (Duncan)  ; 
from  Sali.v,  Rock  Creek,  northwest  of  Bishop,  June  19,  1931; 
from  same  host,  Salinis  River  bridge,  King  City,  December  8, 
1929 ;  from  same  host,  south  of  Tehachapi,  Kern  County,  April 
13,  1930;  from  same  host,- Crystal  Springs  Lake,  San  Mateo 
County,  May  1,  1930.  Nymphs  only:  from  same  host,  south 
end  of  Lake  Tahoe,  July  15,  1929.  Adults  only:  from  Bac- 
charis  viminea,  Corral  Hollow,  10  miles  southwest  of  Tracy, 
November  4,  1929  (Annand)  ;  from  pear  trees,  Andrus  Island, 
Sacramento  County,  April,  1931  (Keifer)  ;  from  same  host, 
Hood,  April  16,  1931  (Keifer)  ;  from  Sali.v,  Corral  Hollow, 
November  4,  1929  (Annand)  ;  from  Carex  and  weeds,  3  miles 
west  of  Corral  Hollow,  November  30,  1929;  from  ^.  lasiandra, 
lower  Kern  River  Canyon,  west  of  Bodfish,  June  19,  1931 ; 
from  Sali.v,  4.7  miles  southwest  of  Byron  on  Vasco  Road, 
November  30,  1929;  from  same  host,  Mountain  Springs  Can- 
yon, Coso  Mountains,  April  12,  1930;  from  same  host,  near 
Shepherds  Canyon,  Argus  Mountains,  same  date ;  from  same 
host,  Savory's  Tule  Pond,  south  of  Fresno,  April  15,  1930; 
from  same  host,  Old  Fort  Miller,  Fresno  County,  April  16, 
1930.  NEW  MEXICO. — Adults  only :  from  Salsola  pcstifer,  5 
miles  north  of  Salt  Lake,  June  5,  1929  (Romney). 
Hosts :  Sali.v  spp.  Nominal  Hosts :  Baccharis,  Salsola. 

The  nymphs  resemble  a  scale  insect.  They  are  oval  in  out- 
line and  occur  very  closely  appressed  to  the  ventral  side  of  the 
leaves,  forming  shallow,  blister-like  depressions.  They  do  not 
produce  any  conspicuous  waxy  secretion.  Rarely  have  the 
nymphs  been  found  in  great  abundance. 

TRIOZA  SALICIS  Mally.  IDAHO. — Adults  only :  from  grass  and 
shrubs,  head  of  Salmon  River,  July  19,  1930'  (Annand). 
Host:  Unknown.  Nominal  Hosts :  Sali.v  spp.,  grass,  shrubs. 
TRIOZA  ALACRIS  Flor.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and  nymphs: 
from  bay  tree,  Ontario,  August  10,  1914  (Clausen:  J.  C.  Cham- 
berlin)  ;  from  bay,  Domoto  Nursery,  Oakland,  no  date  (Fer- 
ris) ;  from  Laiints  iwbilis,  Pasadena,  January  24,  1929  (Keifer: 
E.  L.  Smith).  Adults  and  eggs;  from  same  host,  nursery  Ells- 
worth and  Poplar  avenues,  San  Mateo,  May  17,  1929.  Nymphs 
only:  from  same  plants,  June  17,  1929. 
Host:  Lanrus  nobilis. 


38  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

The  nymphs  cause  the  leaves  to  curl  ventrally  and  longitudi- 
nally, thicken,  redden,  and  finally  to  drop.  In  severe  infesta- 
tion the  hosts  may  be  seriously  defoliated. 

NEOTRIOZELLA    LATICEPS    Crawford.      NEW    MEXICO. — Adults 
only:  from  unknown  host,  no  data  (Romney). 
Host :     Unknown. 

PACHYPSYLLA  VENUSTA  Osten   Sacken.      MISSISSIPPI. — Adults 
and  nymphs :  from  Celtis  occidcntalis,  A.  &  M.  College,  Janu- 
ary 26,   1931    (Myers). 
Host :     Celtis  occidentalis. 

This  species  forms  numerous  woody,  polythalamous  galls  on 
the  smaller  branches  and  petioles  of  hackberry. 

PACHYPSYLLA  c. -MAMMA  Riley.  UTAH. — Adults  only:  from 
Celtis,  Hooper,  May  29.  1928  (Pack:  Knowlton).  Host: 
Celtis  sp. 

PACHYPSYLLA  DUBIA  Patch.  UTAH. — Adults  only:  from  Celtis, 
Hooper,  May  29,  1928  (Pack:  Knowlton).  Host:  Celtis  sp. 

EUPHYLLURA   ARCTOSTAPHYLI    ScllWarz.       CALIFORNIA. AdttltS 

and  nymphs :  from  Arctostaphylos,  Tesla,  Alameda  County, 
May  11,  1929;  from  same  host,  Pine  Ridge,  east  of  Auberry, 
Fresno  County,  August  3,  1929 ;  from  same  host,  Pinnacles  Na- 
tional Monument,  April  1  and  2,  1931  (Hedgpeth  and  Smith)  ; 
from  same  host,  General  Grant  National  Park,  July  12,  1930. 
Nymphs  only :  from  same  host,  near  Deer  Creek  Inn,  Placer- 
ville,  July  15,  1929;  from  A.  mansanita.  Julian,  August,  1916 
(J.  C.  Chamberlin)  ;  from  Arctostaphylos,  Mount  Hamilton, 
October  7,  1922  (Ferris)  ;  from  same  host,  Stanford  Univer- 
sity, June  2,  1923  (Ferris)  ;  from  same  host,  Clark's  Canyon, 
San  Mateo,  March  10,  1930  (Hedgpeth).  Adults  only:  from 
same  host,  17.2  miles  west  of  Coalinga,  December  8,  1929. 
NEVADA. — Adults  only :  from  same  host.  Zephyr  Point,  Lake 
Tahoe,  September  1,  1930  (Keifer). 
Host :  Arctostaphylos  spp. 

The  nymphs  produce  an  abundance  of  white  flaky  or  cottony 
wax  and  usually  are  found  in  individual  cells  constructed  of 
this  material.  'They  are  most  prevalent  on  the  ventral  side  of 
the  leaves,  but  in  severe  infestations  are  found  on  both  sides, 
as  well  as  on  the  younger  growth  including  the  branches  and 
buds.  The  leaves  may  be  literally  covered  with  wax  cells. 

EUPHYLLURA  NEVEIPENNIS  (Schwarz).  CALIFORNIA. — Adults 
only:  from  Arctostaphylos,  west  of  Placerville.  July  15,  1929; 


xliii,'32|  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

from  same  host,  near  Deer  Creek  Inn,  Placerville,  same  date; 

from  same  host,  Westpoint,  Amador  County,  August  31,  1930 

(Hedgpeth). 

Host:     Unknown.     (Probably  Arctostaphylos  spp.)      Nominal 

Hosts :     Arctostaphylos  spp. 

EUPHYLLURA    ARBUTi    Schwarz.      CALIFORNIA. — Adults    and 

nymphs :  from  Arbutus  mcn-ziczil,  Crystal  Springs  Road,  San 

Mateo,  April  10,   1929. 

Host :    Arbutus  menziczii.     Nominal  Host :     Honeysuckle. 

The  nymphs  occur  under  the  bark  scales  in  cells  constructed 
of  their  white  cottony  wax  secretion,  which  frequently  becomes 
heavily  infested  with  jet  black  "sooty  mold".  In  severe  infes- 
tations the  nymphs  are  also  found  on  the  leaves  and  younger 
growth. 

EUPHYLLERUS  vERMicuLOSUS  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults 
only:  from  Ccanothus,  Green  Valley,  El  Dorado  County,  May 
30,  1931  (Keifer).  UTAH. — Adults  only:  from  unknown  host, 
Logan  Canyon,  August  21,  1925  ( Knowlton)  ;  from  sage, 
Spring  Canyon,  altitude  6800  feet,  August  28,  1925  (Knowl- 
ton). 

Host:     Unknown.     Nominal  Host:     Ccanothus. 
ARYTAINA    ROBUSTA    Crawford.      CALIFORNIA. — Adults     and 
nymphs :  from  Ccanothus,  Black  Mountain  Road,  Hillsborough, 
May    12,    1929.      UTAH. — Adults    only:    from   unknown   host, 
Logan  Canyon,  Logan,  July  24,  1930  (Annand). 
Host:     Ceanothus. 

The  nymphs  occur  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  leaves  in  indi- 
vidual cells  constructed  of  white  wax  secretion,  in  which  all 
the  nymphal  stages  occur.  The  last  stage  nymph  leaves  its  cell 
a  short  time  before  the  last  molt. 

ARYTAINA  FUSCIPENNIS  Crawford.     CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs:  from  Ccanothus  papittosus,  Cone  Peak,  Santa  Lucia 
Mountains,  April  15,  1923  (Ferris).    Nymphs  only:  from  same 
host,  Sierra  Morena,  October  15,  1922  (Ferris). 
Host:    Ccanothus  papillosus.     Nominal  Hosts  :  .Ccanothus  spy. 

Biological  data  lacking. 

ARYTAINA  RIBESIAE  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs:  from  Ccanothus  thyrsiflorus,  San  Francisquito  Creek, 
north  of  Felt  Lake,  Stanford  University,  June  20,  1929. 
Nymphs  only:  from  same  host,  May  3,  1929.  UTAH. — Adults 
only:  from  wild  current,  Hooper,  October  14,  1927  (Pack: 


40  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

Knowlton)  ;  from  unknown  host,  Logan  Canyon,  Logan,  July 
24,  1930  (Annand). 

Host :     Ceanothus  thyrslflorns.      Nominal   Hosts :     Wild  cur- 
rent, Ribcs  aurcurn,  Rhus  trilobata,  Ceanothus  spp. 

The  nymphs  are  found  in  great  abundance  in  white,  wax 
cells  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  leaves,  and  in  severe  infestations 
on  the  petioles  and  branches.  By  actual  count,  as  many  as 
fifty-six  nymphs  have  been  taken  from  individual  cells  on  a 

single  leaf. 

(To  be  continued). 


Notes  on  Some  Stag-Beetles  (Coleop. :  Lucanidae). 

By   BERNARD   BENESH,    North   Chicago,   Illinois. 

In  plotting  the  distribution  of  the  Boreal  American  Lucanids, 
I  had  the  pleasure  of  examining  the  principal  collections  in 
the  United  States,  recording  as  far  as  possible  the  localities, 
date  of  capture,  etc.,  for  a  list  to  be  published  in  the  near 
future. 

Some  time  ago,  in  the  material  sent  to  me  for  examination, 
through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Paul  H.  Johnson,  College  of  Agri- 
culture, University  of  Missouri,  a  very  interesting  form  has 
come  under  my  notice. 

The  specimen  that  I  am  now  describing  was  collected  by 
some  unknown  student,  who  unfortunately  forgot  to  record 
the  locality,  but  Mr.  Johnson  assured  me  that  the  specimen  in 
question  is  from  the  neighborhood  of  Columbia,  Missouri. 

PSEUDOLUCANUS    PLAC1DUS     (Say). 

$  Mandibles  elongate,  4  m/m  long,  porrect,  curved  slightly 
from  the  center  towards  the  apex,  terminating  in  an  acute  point. 
On  the  inner  edge,  one-third  from  the  apex,  armed  with  a 
single  bifid  tooth.  Length,  mandibles  inclusive,  27  mm. 

Differs  radically  from  the  typical  form  of  P.  placidus  (Say), 
only  in  the  mandibular  dentition.  Mandibles  are  not  so  robust, 
as  in  the  typical  form,  are  more  elongate,  showing  no  indication 
of  the  other  teeth,  as  in  the  regular  dentition  of  P.  placidus. 
A  male  in  my  collection,  number  1042. 

An  additional  shipment  of  specimens  from  the  same  locality 
arrived  in  such  condition  that  only  the  heads  of  the  specimens 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  41 

were  saved.  In  this  shipment  two  more  examples  of  the  above 
described  variant  were  found,  and  the  heads  placed  in  my  col- 
lections, numbers  1702-1703. 

Not  confining  myself  to  the  study  of  Lucanidae,  North  of 
Mexico,  as  have  most  of  our  students,  I  have  by  correspond- 
ence with  South  American  entomologists  gotten  all  the  available 
data  on  their  Lucanid  fauna. 

In  a  letter  from  Mr.  Juan  Tremoleras,  of  Montevideo, 
Uruguay,  I  was  informed  that  he  had  a  specimen  of  a  Lucanid 
that  he  could  not  determine.  Upon  my  request,  he  very  kindly 
sent  the  specimen  to  me,  which  proved  to  be  Mctadorcus  ro- 
tiindatus  (Parry).* 

This  extends  the  habitat  of  this  species  from  Brazil  to 
Uruguay.  Mr.  Tremoleras  informs  me  that  the  specimen  was 
presented  to  him  by  Mr.  F.  O.  Lucas,  who  collected  it  in  the 
Province  Cerro  Canada  de  los  Burros,  in  1908,  and  that  it  is 
unique  in  his  collection,  since  that  date.  From  this  I  judge 
that  the  insect  must  be  rather  rare  in  that  locality,  probably 
showing  the  extreme  southern  limit  of  its  distribution.  Parry 
originally  described  the  species  from  Brazil  (?),  (Proc.  Ent. 
Soc.  London,  1862,  p.  112)  and  figured  it  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  Ent.  Soc.  London,  1864,  pi.  7,  fig.  8.  Inasmuch  as  the 
figure  given  by  Parry  does  not  fully  agree  with  this  fine  beetle, 
a  photograph  of  the  insect  was  made  for  record. 

Dr.  Didier  (in  fitudes  sur  les  Coleopteres  Lucanides  du 
Globe,  fascicule  2,  III,  Notes  synonymiques,  p.  53)  places  Neo- 
hiconus  Icincci  Houlbert,  as  a  synonym  of  A",  robustns  Boileau. 
In  the  reference  given  (Insecta  1914,  p.  276),  an  error  was 
noted.  It  should  be  Insecta  1914,  p.  260. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  omission  of  KHto[>h\Uns  cnrvidcns 
Broun  (Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  1904,  vol.  14,  p.  50)  by  G.  van 
Roon  (in  Junk's  Catalogus  Coleopteronim,  1910,  Pars.  8, 
Lucanidae).  Although  this  species  has  been  described  for 
many  years,  no  mention  was  made  of  it  even  in  the  previous 
van  Roon's  "Naamlijst  der  Lucanidcn,  wdke  tot  heden  be- 
schreven  zijn"  (Tijdschrift  voor  Entomologie,  Deel  NLVIII). 

*  The  writer  wishes  to  acknowledge  gratefully  the  hearty  co-operation 
of  Mr.  Paul  Nagel,  Hannover,  Germany,  who  kindly  determined  the 
specimen,  and  has  shown  him  many  favors  in  his  study  of  the  Lucanidae. 


42  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

Notes  on  Coleoptera. — No.  3.* 

By  J.  N.  KNULL,  Pennsylvania  Forest  Research  Institute. 

The  following  are  a  number  of  miscellaneous  rearing  records 
and  observations  which  have  been  made  in  the  last  few  years. 
Since  most  of  the  rearing  was  done  indoors,  the  dates  of  emerg- 
ence are  omitted  unless  the  material  was  reared  under  natural 
conditions.  Clark's  Valley  is  located  in  the  Blue  Mountains 
north  of  Harrisburg.  All  of  the  records  are  from  Pennsylvania 

unless  otherwise  stated. 

LYCIDAE 

EROS  HUMERALIS  Fab.  Larvae  of  this  insect  were  found 
hibernating  in  partly  decayed  pitch  pine  (Finns  rigida  Miller) 

logs  at  Mont  Alto. 

CLERIDAE 

CYMATODERA  BICOLOR  Say.  Pupae  of  this  insect  were  found 
at  Dauphin,  January  18,  in  pupal  cells  in  dead  yellow  birch 
(Bctula  lutca  Mich.)  infested  with  Trichodcsma  larvae  and 
adults.  The  Clerid  larvae  had  been  feeding  on  the  Anobiidae. 

LECONTELLA  CANCELLATA  Lee.  An  adult  was  reared  by  the 
writer  from  a  larva  collected  in  the  nest  of  a  bee  under  the 
loose  bark  of  a  log,  March  27,  at  Mont  Alto,  by  A.  B.  Cham- 
plain.  The  insect  emerged  July  1. 

THANASIMUS  TRIFASCIATUS  Say.  Since  the  previous  notes 
on  this  insect  were  published, t  the  following  observations  were 
made  in  Clark's  Valley.  August  11,  several  unhardened  adults, 
many  pupae  and  three  larvae  were  found  in  their  pupal  cells 
in  the  thick  bark  of  a  dead  white  pine  (Finns  strobns  Linn.). 
In  December,  mature  adults  were  taken  from  their  pupal  cells, 
thereby  proving  that  the  species  passes  the  winter  as  either 
adults,  or  larvae  in  their  transformation  cells. 

PLOEOPTERUS  THORACICUS  Oliv.  March  6,  a  larva  of  this 
species  was  found  in  Clark's  Valley,  in  a  small  dead  branch 
of  witch  hazel  (Hainamclis  virginiana  Linn.)  infested  with  bark 
beetles  determined  by  Dr.  M.  W.  Blackmail  as  Lymantor  dc- 

*  For  Nos.  1  and  2  see  Can.  Ent,  Vol.  57,  p.  112-115,  1925.    ENT.  NEWS, 
Vol.  41,  p.  82-86,  101-102,  1930. 
t  ENT.  NEWS,  Vol.  41,  p.  82,  1930. 


xliii.  '32]  KNTOMOLUCICAL    NK\VS  43 

cipicns  Lee.  Adults  were  reared  from  dead  willow  branches 
collected  in  the  same  locality  and  infested  with  Micracis  swainei 
Black.,  Anthaxia  viridiconris  Say  and  Pogonocherus  pan-nlns 
Lee. 

HYDNOCERA  UNIFASCIATA  Say.  Reared  from  dead  branches 
of  white  oak  (Qucrcus  alba  Linn.)  collected  in  Clark's  Valley 
and  infested  with  Agrilns  defect  us  Lee. 

H.VERTICALIS  Say.  Adults  were  reared  from  river  birch 
(Bctitla  nigra  Linn.)  infested  with  Ayrilns  bctulac  Fisher  col- 
lected in  Clark's  Valley. 

CORYNETIDAE 

CREGYA  OCULATUS  Say.  Reared  from  dead  branches  of 
chestnut  (Castanca  dcntata  Marsh.)  collected  in  Clark's  Valley 
and  infested  with  Endcrccs  picipcs  Fab.  and  Ecyrus  dasycerus 
Say. 

ORTHOPLEURA  DAMICORNIS  Fab.  Reared  from  dead  chestnut 
(Castanca'  dcntata  Marsh.)  collected  in  Clark's  Valley  and  in- 
fested with  Eudcrccs  picipcs  Fab.  and  Ecyrus  dasycerus  Say. 

ELATERIDAE 

ALAUS  MYOPS  Fab.  A  larva  of  this  species  was  found  in  a 
partly  decayed  pine  log  at  Promised  Land  Lake,  Pike  County, 
feeding  on  adult  carpenter  ants  (Cainponotiis  hcrculcamts  pcnu- 
syh'anicus  DeG.),  which  were  working  in  the  same  stick  of 
wood. 

LEPTOSCHEMA  DISCALCEATUM  Say.  An  adult  was  found  in 
its  pupal  cell  in  a  decayed  pitch  pine  (Finns  rigidct  Miller)  snag 
at  Cold  Springs,  Adams  County,  July  26. 

LUDIUS  SULCICOLLIS  Say.  An  adult  was  found  in  its  pupal 
cell  in  a  decayed  pitch  pine  (Finns  rigida  Miller)  snag  at  Cold 
Springs,  Adams  County,  August  1(>. 

L.  ROTUNDICOLLIS  Say.  The  adults  of  this  insect  seem  to  be 
rather  rare,  probably  due  to  their  habits.  The  larvae  on  the 
other  hand  are  fairly  abundant,  and  can  be  found  in  the  bur- 
rows of  Encyclops  cocntlca  Say  and  Microclvlns  yazcllula 
Hald.  in  the  outer  bark  of  numerous  living  deciduous  trees. 
The  larvae  are  predaceous  on  the  larvae  of  the  Cerambycids  and 
work  through  the  galleries  of  the  longhorns. 


44  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

ELATER  LINTEUS  Say.  April  21,  a  living  adult  was  found 
under  the  tight  bark  of  a  dead  pitch  pine  (Pinus  riglda  Miller) 
at  Mont  Alto. 

E.  SELLATUS  Dej.  An  adult  was  found  August  16,  in  its 
pupal  cell  in  a  decayed  pitch  pine  (Pinus  riglda  Miller)  snag 
at  Cold  Springs,  Adams  County. 

E.  VITIOSUS  Lee.  Numerous  adults  were  collected  in  their 
pupal  cells  in  the  decayed  wood  of  dead  beech  (Fagus  grandi- 
folia  Ehr.)  trees  at  Sweden  Valley,  September  23. 

E.  VERTICINUS  Beduv.  During  the  winter  months  numerous 
specimens  of  this  species  with  thoraces  ranging  from  red  to 
black  in  color,  were  found  in  their  pupal  cells  under  the  loose 
bark  of  partly  decayed  pitch  pine  (Pinus  riglda  Miller)  at 
Mont  Alto. 

E.  SEMICINCTUS  Rand.  Adults  of  this  species  were  found 
in  their  pupal  cells  in  a  decayed  hemlock  (Tsuga  canadcnsls 
Linn.)  stump  at  Cold  Springs,  Adams  County,  on  August  30; 
also  in  a  decayed  sycamore  (Plat amis  occidental-is  Linn.)  log 
at  Caledonia,  on  March  27. 

E.  XANTHOMUS  Germ.  Many  adults  were  found  during  the 
winter  months  in  their  pupal  cells  under  the  loose  bark  of  partly 
decayed  pitch  pine  (Pinus  riglda  Miller)  logs  on  the  Mont 
Alto  State  Forest,  Franklin  County.  The  larvae  work  through 
the  partly  decayed  inner  bark  and  make  pupal  cells  between  the 
loose  bark  and  the  wood  where  they  transform  to  adults  in  the 
fall. 

MELANOTUS  COM  MUNIS  Gyll.  Adults  of  this  species  are 
found  through  the  winter  months  in  their  pupal  cells  under 
the  loose  bark  of  partly  decayed  pitch  pine  (Pinus  rlgida  Mil- 
ler) and  white  pine  (Pinus  strobus  Linn.)  logs  at  Mont  Alto. 

M.  FISSILIS  Say.  Adults  were  found  in  their  pupal  cells  in 
decayed  pitch  pine  (Pinus  riglda  Miller)  logs  at  Mont  Alto, 
during  the  winter  months. 

MELASIDAE 

MELASIS  PECTINICORNIS  Melsh.  On  January  16,  many  liv- 
ing adults  were  chopped  from  a  dead  standing  black  gum 
(Nyssa  sylvatlca  Marhs.)  at  Dauphin.  The  tree  .was  about 
three  inches  in  diameter  and  contained  larvae  also. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  45 

FORNAX  ORCHESIDES  Newti.  Pupae  of  this  insect  were  found 
in  cells  in  the  moist  decayed  wood  in  a  living  beech  (Fagns 
grandi folia  Ehr.)  at  Laporte,  on  September  7. 

BUPRESTIDAE 

DICERCA  DIVARICATA  Say.  Adults  reared  from  the  dead 
wood  of  white  oak  (Q Kerens  alba  Linn.)  and  striped  maple 
(Acer  pennsylvanicum  Linn.)  collected  in  Clark's  Valley.  Also 
reared  from  red  oak  (Quercus  r libra  Linn.)  collected  at  To- 
wanda. 

POECILONOTA  CYANiPEs  Say.  The  larvae  of  this  beetle  work 
in  the  sapwood  of  living  poplars  (Populus  granidcntata  Mich, 
and  P.  trcniuloidcs  Mich.)  throughout  Pennsylvania.  The  eggs 
are  laid  around  wounds  or  roughened  areas  on  trees  often  four 
inches  in  diameter  and  the  irregular  burrows  frequently  extend 
up  the  stems  five  inches. 

CINYRA  GRACILIPES  Melsh.  Adults  were  reared  from  dead 
branches  of  post  oak  (Quercus  stcllata  Wang.)  collected  in 
Clark's  Valley. 

BUPRESTIS  LINEATA  Fab.  Adults  reared  June  7,  from  the 
thick  bark  of  white  pine  (Finns  strobns  Linn.)  collected  at 
Black  Gap.  None  of  the  larvae  had  entered  the  wood  but  con- 
fined their  burrows  and  pupal  cells  to  the  bark. 

AGRILUS  SUBCINCTUS  Gory.  This  insect  was  found  breeding 
in  the  small  dead  branches  of  green  ash  (Fraxinns  pcimsyl- 
ranica  var.  lanceolata  Sarg. )  at  Pond  Bank.  The  dead  branches 
had  been  killed  by  the  oyster  shell  scale  and  the  adults  were 
numerous  on  the  foliage  of  the  living  trees. 

MELANDRYIDAE 

MELAXDRYA  STRIATA  Say.  Reared  from  the  wood  of  dead 
sassafras  (Sassafras  variifolmm  Salisby.)  collected  in  Clark's 
Valley. 

(To  be  continued). 


Honor  to  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard  Abroad. 

Dr.  L.  O.  HOWARD,  whose  present  address  is  12  Quai  d'Or- 
leans,  Paris,  France,  has  recently  been  elected  to  honorary  mem- 
bership in  la  Societe  Linneenne  de  Bordeaux.  JOE  S.  WADE. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,   FEBRUARY,  1932. 

Entomology  at  the  Convocation  Week  Meetings,  December 
28,  1931,  to  January  2,  1932. 

Our  annual  summary  of  the  entomological  items  of  the  pro- 
grams of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science  and  associated  societies,  held  at  New  Orleans,  Louis- 
iana, follows : 

The  numbers  of  papers  bearing  on  insects,  including  those 
in  symposia  and  non-duplicating  demonstrations  were : 

Entomological  Society  of  America 36 

American  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists 104 

American  Society  of  Zoologists • 10 

Same,  Genetics  Section 22 

Ecological  Society  of  America   3 

American  Society  of  Parasitologists 9 

American  Nature  Study  Society 1 


Total    185 

These  papers  were  distributed  in  subject  as  follows : 

i  Taxonomy    4 

General   Entomology    ....  5  General   Economic   Ento- 

Collecting  Methods 2          mology    13 

Cytology     3     Insecticides    24 

Anatomy    7     Apiculture    13 

Physiology    21  Insects  Affecting  Cereals, 

Ecology    14  Forage  and  Field  Crops   18 

Behavior 1        Do.  Truck  Crops   2 

Geographical  Distribution.  4  Do.  Greenhouse  Plants..      1 

Ontogeny    7  Do.  Fruits     and      Fruit 

Phytogeny    1              Trees    16 

Variation    4  Do.  Forest    and    Shade 

Genetics    21              Trees    2 

Parasites  of  Insects 5  Insects     Carrying     Plant 

Insects,      etc.,     Affecting  Disease  Germs 1 

Man  and  Other  Animals  16 

46 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  47 

ii  Hymenoptera      (excluding 

Acarina    1          Honey  Bee)   14 

Araneina    1         Honey  Bee 15 

Orthoptera 17  Lepidoptera    (e  x  c  1  u  ding 

Isoptera    2  Codling   Moth,    Oriental 

Embiidina    1  Peach    Moth    and    Corn 

Ephemerida   1          Borers)     18 

Homoptera     11          Codling  Moth   6 

Heteroptera 3  Oriental  Peach  Moth ...      1 

Thysanoptera     1          Corn   Borer    1 

Neuroptera     1  Diptera  (excluding  Droso- 

Coleoptera  (excluding  Jap-  />////«)    20 

anese  Beetle)    23         Drosophila   8 

Japanese  Beetle 2     Siphonaptera    1 

Many  of  these  figures  are  duplications,  both  between  sections 
i  and  ii  and  also  within  each  section. 

The  total  number  of  papers  was  5  more  than  those  listed 
for  the  Cleveland  meeting  in  the  preceding  year,  the  Economic 
Entomologists  and  the  Genetics  Section  showing  marked  in- 
creases. There  were  decidedly  more  papers  this  year  on 
Genetics,  Insects  Affecting  Man  and  Other  Animals,  General 
Economic  Entomology,  Insecticides,  Apiculture,  Orthoptera, 
Coleoptera  and  the  Honey  Bee.  There  was  a  noticeable  falling 
off  in  the  number  of  papers  on  Cytology,  Physiology,  Geograph- 
ical Distribution  and  Corn  Borers. 

The  Entomological  Society  of  America  met  on  December 
29  and  30,  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Folsom,  Prof. 
J.  J.  Davis,  secretary.  The  symposium  was  on  Blood-sucking 
and  Non-blood-sucking  Flies  in  relation  to  Human  Welfare, 
the  announced  participants  being  F.  C.  Bishopp,  H.  H. 
Schwardt,  K.  IF.  J  Unman,  W.  B.  Herms  and  Dr.  Ernest  C. 
Faust.  The  annual  public  address.  Waging  War  on  Insect 
Enemies  of  Man  and  Animals,  was  given  by  F.  C.  Bishopp, 
illustrated  by  slides  and  moving  pictures. 

The  American  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists,  J. 
W.  Houser,  president,  A.  F.  Burgess,  secretary,  met  on  De- 
cember 20,  30  and  31,  in  sections.  The  Entomologists'  Dinner 
was  held  on  December  30,  at  6  P.  M. 


48  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

The  Weeks  Collection  of  Butterflies  (Lepid.,  Rhopalocera). 

By  the  will  of  the  late  Mr.  A.  G.  Weeks,  of  Marion,  Massa- 
chusetts, his  immense  collection  of  butterflies  of  the  world  is 
given  to  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard 
University.  With  this  is  also  bequeathed  his  entomological 
library  and  the  sum  of  $100,000.  This  collection,  long  known 
as  the  finest  butterfly  collection  in  this  country,  was  begun  by 
Mr.  Weeks  when  a  young  man  by  the  purchaseof  the  butterflies 
of  Otto  Poling.  Later  Mr.  Weeks  employed  collectors  to 
gather  butterflies  in  South  America,  and  published  two  volumes, 
beautifully  illustrated,  describing  the  new  species,  "Illustrations 
of  Diurnal  Lepicloptera  Unknown  to  Science."  In  recent  years 
he  has  added  a  large  amount  of  valuable  material  both  from 
collectors  and  from  dealers.  The  collection  is  contained  in 
forty-five  fine  cabinets. — Science,  Jan.  8,  1932. 


An   Additional    Note   on   Andrena    hitei    and    A.    ribifloris 
(Hymenoptera:  Andrenidae). 

In  the  effort  to  increase  our  knowledge  of  Andrena,  Messrs. 
Elven  Nelson  and  Cecil  Williams,  at  the  University  of  Colorado, 
made  some  careful  studies  of  the  morphology.  Mr.  Nelson 
paid  particular  attention  to  the  genitalia,  Mr.  Williams  to  the 
mouth  parts.  The  work  of  these  men  cannot  be  fully  utilized 
until  further  taxonomic  studies  have  been  made,  but  the  follow- 
ing explanation  appears  necessary.  Mr.  Nelson  has  already 
published  (Entomological  News,  1930,  p.  322)  a  discussion  of 
the  sexes  of  Andrena  hitei  Cockerell.  Through  careful  com- 
parison with  the  male  of  the  related  (European)  A.  fitlra 
Schrank,  he  concluded  that  the  true  male  of  A.  hitei  is  the 
insect  which  has  been  known  as  A.  ribifloris  Viereck  and  Cock- 
erell. It  is  now  proper  for  me  to  explain,  that  when  I  edited 
Viereck's  work  on  Rocky  Mountain  Andrena,  and  described  the 
various  species,  (Proc.  U.  S.  National  Museum,  48,  pp.  1-58 
1914),  I  suppressed  a  number  of  Viereck's  names,  believing 
them  not  to  represent  valid  species.  Subsequent  studies  have 
indicated  that  I  should  have  suppressed  a  few  more,  or  reduced 
them  to  varietal  rank,  but  in  the  case- of  A.  ribifloris  I  appear 
to  have  confused  two  or  more  distinct  things.  The  females 
(none  of  them  A.  hitei)  which  I  (pp.  40-41)  ascribed  to  „•/. 
ribifloris,  Viereck  originally  had  under  no  less  than  three  speci- 
fic names.  The  males  of  this  series  Were  set  forth  as  A.  ribi- 
floris  (P.  32)  and  A.  licntileuca  Viereck,  the  latter  having  been 
referred  by  Viereck  to  a  species  based  on  females  from  Wash- 
ington and  Oregon.  The  type  of  A.  ribifloris  was  a  male  with 
the  cheeks  not  angled-tubercnlate  behind,  whereas  the  supposed 


xliii,  '32  J  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  49 

male  A.  hemilcuca  had  them  very  broad,  shining,  angled  be- 
hind. I  thought  at  the  time  that  this  might  well  be  a  matter 
of  individual  variation.  Returning  to  the  subject,  I  now  dis- 
cover that  the  male  called  A.  hemilcuca  has  the  stipes  of  the 
genitalia  with  the  expanded  portion  elongate,  approximately 
parellel-sided  in  the  middle,  like  a  knife-blade.  On  the  other 
hand  A.  ribifloris  (using  Nelson's  specimen)  has  the  stipes 
with  a  broad  subtriangular  expansion  and  a  relatively  long  nar- 
row neck.  Thus  they  are  certainly  quite  different  species.  If, 
as  now  appears,  the  A.  ribifloris  examined  by  Nelson  is  the 
true  male  of  A.  hit  el,  what  about  the  females  formerly  ascribed 
to  A.  ribifloris?  It  is  very  likely  that  the  supposed  A.  hemilcuca 
is  not  actually  the  species  described  from  the  Northwest,  and 
it  is  a  candidate  for  association  with  the  females  described  as 
A.  ribifloris.  If  we  need  another  specific  name,  it  will  be  pos- 
sible to  resurrect  one  of  those  first  proposed  by  Viereck,  and 
suppressed  by  me.  But  I  hope  to  return  to  the  subject  later, 
and  deal  with  it  more  adequately. 

T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL,  Boulder,  Colorado. 


European  Excursions  for  Entomologists  in  1932. 

American  Entomologists  who  attend  the  Fifth  International 
Entomological  Congress  and  the  Centenary  of  the  French 
Entomological  Society,  in  Paris,  July  16-23,  1932,  will  doubt- 
less take  advantage  of  the  occasion  to  visit  other  parts  of 
Europe. 

A  joint  committee  was  appointed  in  December,  1930,  by  the 
Entomological  S9ciety  of  America  and  by  the  Association  of 
Economic  Entomologists  to  arrange  for  transportation.  In 
addition  to  providing  for  those  going  directly  to  the  Congress, 
the  arrangements  of  the  Committee  include  two  co-operative 
excursions  through  Europe  at  very  moderate  costs.  While  in- 
tended primarily  for  entomologists  and  their  families  and 
friends,  others,  up  to  certain  limits,  will  be  welcome. 

Agreements  between  north  Atlantic  steamship  companies 
prevent  any  actual  reduction  of  the  rates  for  ocean  transport, 
but  those  going  in  the  groups  will  IDC  given  superior  accom- 
modations. Furthermore,  the  Committee  will  be  glad  to  accord 
to  any  one,  whether  going  as  a  member  of  one  of  the  groups  or 
independently,  the  privilege  of  sharing  in  very  favorable  ar- 
rangements that  have  been  made  covering  transportation  in 
Europe  and  which  will  amount  to  a  substantial  saving  of  ex- 
pense. In  order  to  secure  such  benefit,  reservations  for  ocean 
transportation  should  be  made  through  the  committee. 

The  first  group  will  sail  from  New  York  on  the  Leviathan 


50  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

June  11,  visiting  (among  other  places)  Copenhagen,  the  Gota 
Canal  in  Sweden,  which  will  be  partly  traversed  on  midsummer 
night  when  all  the  village  folk  hold  festival  and  dance  all  night 
in  the  open  air,  Stockholm,  Upsala,  the  summer  home  of  Lin- 
naeus at  Hammarby,  and  thence  by  rail  northward  to  the 
Swedish  National  Park  in  Lappland  where  a  stay  of  some  days 
will  be  made  on  the  arctic  tundra  at  Abisko  with  views  of  the 
midnight  sun.  Those  who  wish  will  have  time  to  continue  by 
excursion  steamer  to  the  North  Cape  and  back.  Returning  to 
the  Continent,  some  days  will  be  spent  in  Holland  and  Belgium 
before  going  to  Paris  for  the  Congress.  After  that  event  there 
will  be  a  week's  excursion  in  the  Pyrenees,  arranged  by  the 
French  local  committee  of  the  Congress.  Then  Avignon  will 
be  visited,  with  an  excursion  to  Orange  and  the  home  of  Fabre 
at  Serignan.  Continuing  to  Grenoble,  the  party  will  traverse 
the  Savoyan  Alps  by  motor  coach  to  Argentieres  at  the  foot 
of  Mount  Blanc,  and  after  some  days  continue  by  motor  coach 
to  St.  Jeanne  de  Maurienne,  and  thence  into  Italy,  where  Turin, 
Genoa,  Pisa,  Naples,  Rome,  Assisi,  Perugia,  Florence,  Bo- 
logna, and  Venice  will  each  be  visited.  Continuing  over  the 
Brenner  Pass,  a  short  stay  will  be  made  on  the  Eibsee  in  the 
Bavarian  Alps,  with  opportunity  to  ascend  the  Zugspitze,  Ger- 
many's highest  peak.  Munich,  and  the  three  beautifully  pre- 
served medieval  cities  Dinkelsbiihl,  Rothenburg,  and  Nurem- 
berg will  be  visited,  Leipzig  during  the  autumn  fair,  Dresden, 
the  Spreewald,  and  Berlin.  After  a  final  few  days  in  England 
the  party  will  sail  for  home  September  17  from  Southampton. 
Expenses  estimated  at  about  $800. 

The  second  group  will  sail  from  New  York  on  the  Olympic 
July  1,  joining  the  first  group  in  Holland  and  remaining  with 
them  until  the  Alps.  Thereafter  they  will  omit  Italy,  and 
make  a  somewhat  swifter  tour  of  Germany,  with  also  a  few 
days  in  England  before  sailing,  August  27,  on  the  luxurious 
new  liner  Manhattan.  Expenses  about  $550. 

Those  wishing  to  go  directly  to  the  Congress  at  the  last 
moment  will  sail  on  the  Majestic  July  8.  Estimated  expenses 
including  twelve  days  in  Paris  about  $325.  Combinations  of 
portions  of  the  tours  can  also  be  arranged. 

These  are  not  conducted  tours  in  the  usual  sense,  but  are 
organized  for  pecuniary  benefit  to  the  individuals  comprising 
a  group.  The  members  will  be  free  to  follow  their  own  in- 
clinations at  the  stopping  places,  and  in  the  larger  cities  in  most 
cases  may  take  their  meals  at  restaurants  of  their  own  choosing. 
While  many  of  the  points  to  be  visited  have  been  selected  be- 


Xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  51 

cause  of  their  importance  as  entomological  centers,  all  are  full 
of  interest  from  other  points  of  view  for  the  general  traveller. 

Estimates  are  based  upon  tourist  class  (former  second  class) 
at  sea,  second  class  railway,  unpretentious  but  thoroughly  com- 
fortable and  clean  hotels,  and  inexpensive  restaurants,  with  an 
allowance  for  side-trips,  incidental  and  personal  expenses.  They 
have  been  kept  as  low  as  possible,  consistent  with  comfort,  in 
order  to  make  the  trips  available  for  students  of  limited  means, 
who  may  look  upon  them  as  part  of  their  educational  equipment. 

Reservations  should  be  made  at  the  earliest  date  possible. 
For  circulars  and  information  address  : 

O.  A.  JOHANNSEN,  Chairman,  Joint  Committee  of  the  Ento- 
mological Society  of  America  and  Association  of  Economic 
Entomologists  on  Transportation  to  Europe.  Roberts  Hall, 
Ithaca,  New  York. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   LAURA   S.    MACKEY    UNDER   THE   SUPERVISION    nK 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  pap.-r 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows:  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

fcfNote  the  change  in  the  method  of  citinii  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Pafcrs   published    in    the   Entomological   .\'e-.i's  are   not   listed. 

GENERAL. — Aravena,  R.  O. — Los  insectos  de  la  region 
Sud-Oeste  de  la  Provincia  de  Buenos  Aires.  1 104]  3:  243- 
244.  Crevecoeur,  F.  F. — A  versatile  Kansas  Naturalist,  1862- 
1931.  Obituary  by  R.  C.  Smith.  [Trans.  Kansas  Acad.  Sci.] 
34:  138-144,  ill.  Dury,  C. -- Obituary.  By  A.  E.  Braun. 
[43]  31 :  512-514,  ill.  Enderlein,  G. — Die  insektenfauna  Sud- 
Georgiens.  [Sitz.  Ges.  Naturf.  Freunde  Berlin]  1930:  235- 
251.  Essig,  E.  O.— A  History  of  Entomology.  1029  pp.,  ill. 


52  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

Hayward,  K.  J. — Cuatro  insectos  anormales.  [104]  3:  245- 
246,  ill.  Hine,  J.  S.— Obituary.  By  C.  H.  Kennedy.  [43] 
31:  510-511,  ill.  Imms,  A.  D. — Social  behaviour  in  insects. 
117  pp.,  ill.  Mousley,  H. — Further  notes  on  the  birds,  or- 
chids, ferns  and  butterflies  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  1929- 
1930.  [Can.  Field  Nat.]  46:  1-6.  Scott,  J.  D.— A  practical 
method  of  marking  insects  in  quantitative  samples  taken  at 
regular  intervals.  [So.  Africa  Jour.  Sci.]  38:  372-375,  ill. 
Williams,  S.  H. — Preliminary  report  on  the  animal  ecology 
of  Presque  Isle,  Lake  Erie,  Pennsylvania.  [Pro.  Penna. 
Acad.  Sci.]  5:  88-97,  ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.  — Brown,  F.  M. - 
The  utilization  of  Hexose  Carbohydrates  by  lepidopterous 
larvae.  [An.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.]  32:  221-234,  ill.  Bryk,  F. - 
Die  abhangigkeit  der  augenflecke  vom  flugelgeader  in  der 
gattung  Parnassius.  [89]  62:  149-174,  ill.  Friese,  H.— Wie 
konnen  schmarotzerbienen  aus  sammelbienen  entstehen? 
[89]  62:  1-14,  ill.  Goldschmidt,  R. --Die  entwicklungs- 
physiologische  erklarung  des  falls  der  sogenannten  trep- 
penallelomorphe  des  gens  scute  von  Drosophila.  [97]  51 : 
507-526,  ill.  *Hemming,  A.  F. --On  the  types  of  certain 
genera  of  the  family  Pieridae.  [9]  64:  272-273.  Kriiger,  E. 

— Ueber  die  farbenvariationen  der  hummelart  Bombus  agro- 
rum.  [46]  24:  148-237,  ill.  Leech,  H.— Drosophila  funebris 
as  a  host  of  the  fungus  Stigmatomyces.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc. 
Brit.  Columbia]  1931:  19-20.  MacGill,  E.  I.— The  biology 
of  Thysanoptera  with  reference  to  the  cotton  plant.  [35] 
18:  574-583,  ill.  Marcu,  O. — Zur  kenntnis  der  geschlecht- 
sunterschielde  der  stridulationsorgane  bei  Curculioniden. 
[Bull.  Sect.  Sci.  Acad.,  Roumaine]  14:  124-131,  ill.  Miller, 
F.  W. — Study  of  the  reproductive  system  of  the  male  and 
female  (oviparous)  cocklebur  aphid.  [Pro.  Penna.  Acad. 
Sci.]  5:  75-79,  ill.  Mukerji,  S. — On  the  morphology  of  the 
terminal  segments  of  Psychodidae  larvae  and  their  taxono- 
mic  importance.  ( With  a  short  comparative  account  of  the 
microscopic  structure  of  the  pseudo-leg  of  Phlebotomus 
argentipes.)  [Indian  Jour.  Med.  Res.]  19:  433-466,  ill. 
Paterson,  N.  F. — A  contribution  to  the  embryological  de- 
velopment of  Euryope  terminalis  (Phytophaga,  Chrysomeli- 
clae).  [So.  African  jour.  Sci.]  38:  344-371,  ill.  Perkins,  M. 

-Light  of  glow-worms.    |31|    128:  905.     Schmuck  &  Metz. 

—A  method  for  the  study  of  chromosomes  in  entire  insect 
eggs.  [68]  74:  600-601.'  Speicher,  B.  R.— The  effects  of 


xliii,  '32J  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  53 

desiccation  upon  the  growth  and  development  of  the  Medi- 
terranean flourmoth.  [Pro.  Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  5:  79-82,  ill. 
Uvarov,  E.  B. — The  ash  content  of  insects.  [22]  22:  453- 
457.  Wigglesworth,  V.  B. — The  extent  of  air  in  the  trach- 
eoles  of  some  terrestrial  insects.  [Pro.  R.  Soc.,  Lond.]  109, 
(B).  354-359,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.  —  Handbuch  der 
zoologie. — Kukenthal  u.  Krumbach.  Bd.  3,  heft  2.  Lief.  1. 
Th.  3.  160  pp.  Arachnida.  Pinkus,  L.  F. — How  a  spider 
caught  and  dined  upon  a  six-inch  snake.  [76]  1932 :  80-83,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Beall,  G.- 

Notes  on  the  termites  of  British  Columbia.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc. 
Brit.  Columbia]  1931:  33-35.  Geist,  R.  M. --Additional 
Mallophaga  from  Ohio  birds.  [43]  31:  505-509.  *Gemig- 
nany,  E.  V. — El  alotipo  de  Mallophora  vegeta  y  descripcion 
de  una  nueva  especie.  [104]  3:  265-266.  (S).  *Goellner, 
E.  J. — A  new  species  of  termite,  Reticulitermes  arenicola, 
from  the  sand  dunes  of  Indiana  and  Michigan,  along  the 
shores  of  Lake  Michigan.  [10]  33:  227-234,  ill.  *Lieber- 
mann,  J.— Un  nuevo  genero  y  dos  nuevas  especies  de  Thy- 
sanopteros  argentinos.  [104]  3:  211-216,  ill.  *Tillyard, 
R.  J. — Kansas  Permian  insects.  Part  14.  The  order  Neu- 
roptera.  [16]  23:  1-30,  ill.  *Watson,  J.  R.— Two  new  Thy- 
sanoptera  from  Colorado.  [39]  15:  51-54. 

HEMIPTERA.— *Ball,  E.  D.— New  genera  and  species 
of  leafhoppers  related  to  Scaphoideus.  [91]  22:  9-19. 
Breyer,  A. --Notas  sobre  cuatro  Heterocera  argentinos. 
[104]  3:  207-209,  ill.  *de  Carlo,  J.  A.— Una  nueva  especie 
del  genero  Lethocerus  v  el  alotipo  de  Lethocerus  (Belosto- 
midae).  [104]  3:  217-218,  ill.  (S).  *Dozier,  H.  L.— New 
and  interesting  West  Indian  Homoptera.  [40]  510:  24  pp., 
ill.  *Haviland,  M.  D. — The  Reduviidae  of  Kartabo,  Bartica 
District,  British  Guiana.  [86]  7:  129-154,  ill.  Orfila,  R.  N. 
-El  genotipo  de  Lachnus  (Aphid).  [104]  3:  249-250. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Ancona,  L.— Los  chilocuiles  o  gusa- 
nitos  de  la  sal  de  Oaxaca.  [An.  Inst.  Biol.,  Mexico]  2:  265- 
277,  ill.  Anon.— Scarcity  of  the  Zebra  butterfly.  [39]  15: 
50.  Breyer,  A.  -  -  Los  Castniidae  argentinos.  [104]  3:  233- 
238,  ill.  Gaede,  M. — Lepidopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  48. 
Satyridae  III.  545-759.  Pars  49.  Drepanidae  .  60  pp.  Pars 
50.  Mimallonidae.  21  pp.  *Gemignani,  E.  V. — Un  nuevo 
Saturniidae.  [104]  3:  251-252,  ill.  (S).  Hayward,  K.  J.— 


54  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Feb.,  '32 

Notas  sobre  una  migration  de  Pieris  phileta  automate. 
Normas  para  describir  biologias  de,  lepidopteros.  [104]  3: 
225-232,  257-264,  ill.  *Meyrick,  E.— Exotic  Microlepido- 
ptera.  4:  129-192.  (S).  Miller,  E.  R.— Pholus  fasciatus. 
[39]  15:  49-50.  Orfila,  R.  N.— Adicion  al  catalogo  de  los 
Lepidopteros  argentinos.  [104]  3:  267-268.  *Orfila,  R.  N. 
Estudios  de  Lepidopterologia  Argentina.  [104]  3:  185-202, 
ill.  *Prout,  L.  B. — Three  new  Cuban  Larentiinae  (Geo- 
metridae).  [71]  37:  133-134.  *  Rothschild,  L.— Notes  on 
Syntomidae  (Amatidae)  with  descriptions  of  new  species. 
(S).  [71]  37:  149-158.  Shepard,  H.  H.— Lepidopterorum 
Catalogus.  Pars  47.  Hesperidae:  Subfam.  Pyrginae  I. 
144  pp. 

DIPTERA. — Coatney,  G.  R.— On  the  biology  of  the 
pigeon  fly,  Pseudolynchia  maura  (Hippoboscidae).  [Para- 
sitology]  23:  525-532.  *da  Costa  Lima,  A. --Sobre  as 
especies  de  Megarhinus  do  Brasil  (Culicadae).  [Mem.  Inst. 
Oswaldo  Cruz]  25:  307-315,  ill.  *Duda,  O.— Die  neotropis- 
chen  Chloropiden.  [Folia  Zool.  &  Hydrobiol.,  Riga]  2:  46- 
128.  Edwards,  F.  W.— Oxford  University  Greenland  Expedi- 
tion, 1928.  Diptera  Nematocera.  [75]  8:  617-618.  *Ender- 
lein,  G. — Klassifikation  der  Pantophthalmiden.  [Sitz.  Ges. 
Naturf.  Freunde  Berlin]  1930:  361-376,  ill.  England,  H.  W. 
—A  bibliographical  note  on  a  copy  of  Wiedemann's  "Dip- 
tera Exotica,"  1820-1821.  [75]  8:  613-615.  Hoffman,  C.  C. 
Los  simulidos  de  la  region  Onchocercosa  de  Chiapas.  [An. 
Inst.  Biol.,  Mexico]  2:  207-218,  ill.  * Jordan,  K.— Further 
records  and  descriptions  of  fleas  from  Ecuador.  Three  new 
Old  World  fleas.  [71]  37:  135-143,  144-147.  ill.  *Malloch, 
J.  R.— Exotic  Muscaridae.  [75]  8:  425-446,  ill.  *Malloch, 
Greene  &  McAtee.  District  of  Columbia  Diptera :  Rhagio- 
nidae.  [10]  33:  213-220.  Marshall,  J.  F.— Artificial  breed- 
ing-places for  arboreal  mosquitoes.  [9]  64:  283.  *Reinhard, 
H.  J. — Revision  of  the  American  parasitic  flies  belonging  to 
the  genus  Winthemia.  [50]  79,  Art.  20:  54  pp.,  ill.  Spencer, 
G.  J. — The  oviposition  habits  of  Rhyncocephalus  sackeni. 
(Nemestrinidae).  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  Brit.  Columbia]  1931:  21- 
24,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— *  Arrow,  G.  J.— The  coleopterous  genus 
Trichillum  (Copridae)  with  a  key  to  the  species.  (S).  [75] 
8:  609-611.  Daguerre,  J.  B. -- Costumbres  nupciales  del 
Diloboderus  abderus.  [104|  3:  253-256,  ill.  Dallas,  E.  D.— 


xliii.  '32  |  i-.XTdMoi.oc.iCAi.   \K\VS 


Copula  entre  Calosomas  de  diferentes  especies.  [104]  3: 
219-224,  ill.  Dallas,  E.  D.  —  Euchroma  gigantea  anormal. 
f  104]  3:  269-270,  ill.  Gamble,  J.  T.—  Studies  on  the  ecology 
and  distribution  of  Aquatic  beetles  of  Presque  Isle,  Lake 
Erie,  Penn.  [Pro.  Penna.  Acad.  Sci.]  5:  97-100.  *Hustache, 
A.  —  Six  nouveaux  Coleopteres  (Curculionidae,  Zygopini) 
de  1'Amerique  meridionale.  [75]  8:  522-528.  *Pic.  M.  - 
Notes  diverses,  nouveautes.  (S).  [  L'Ech.  Rev.  Linne., 
Moulins]  47:  103-108.  Roberts,  A.  W.  R.—  A  note  on  the 
hatching  of  some  weevils  (Curculionidae)  from  the  egg. 
[75]  8:  593-596.  Stichter,  G.  B.—  Is  the  flight  of  the  Japan- 
ese beetle  necessarily  restricted  to  a  few  months  of  the  year? 
'[Pro.  Penn.  Acad.  Sci.]  5:  40-42.  Tremoleras,  J.  -  Xotas 
sobre  Carabidos  platenes.  [104]  3:  239-242.  ^Tremoleras, 
J.  —  Deux  Carabiques  nouveaux  de  1'Uruguay.  [104]  3:247- 
248.  *Uhmanr,  E.  —  Neue  Hispinen  von  Costa  Rica.  [Eolia 
Zool.  &  Hydrobiol.,  Riga]  2:  135-144. 

HYMENOPTERA.—  Bischoff,  H.—  Zur  kenntnis  der  gat- 
tung  Pseudovespa.  [Sitz.  Ges.  Naturf.  Fretmde  Berlin  | 
1930:  329-346,  ill.  Bischoff  &  Hedicke.—  Ueber  einige  von 
Illiger  beschriebene  Apiden.  (S).  [Sitz.  Ges.  Naturf.  Fre- 
unde  Berlin]  1930:  385-392.  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.—  Descrip- 
tions and  records  of  bees.  (S).  |75]  8:  537-553.  Hinman, 
E.  H.  —  Pediculus  (Parapediculus)  atelophilus  1926  from  the 
red  spider  monkey,  Ateles  geoffroyi.  (S).  [Parasitology] 
23:  488-491,  ill.  Lahille,  F.  —  Un  hormiguero  en  una  espma. 
[104]  3:  203-205,  ill.  *Santschi,  F.—  Contribution  a  1'etude 
des  fourmis  de  1'Argentine.  [An.  Soc.  Cien.  Argentina] 
112:  273-282,  ill.  *Weld,  L.  H.—  Additional  notes  on  types 
with  description  of  a  new  genus  (Cynipidae).  [10]  33:  220- 
227,  ill. 

COMMON  PESTS.  How  to  Control  Some  of  the  Pests  That 
Affect  Man's  Health,  Happiness  and  Welfare.  By  RKNNIE 
W.  DOANE.  384  pp.,  ill..  Springfield,  Illinois,  Charles  C.  Thomas, 
Publishers.  1931.  $4.00.  This  handy-sized  book  should  find 
a  welcome  place  in  the  reference  library  of  the  farmer,  the 
stockman,  •  the  gardener  and  the  householder.  Herein  the 
author  has  given,  in  such  sequence  and  groupings  as  to  be 
most  readily  referred  to,  the  essential  facts,  gleaned  from  the 
many  larger  and  more  expensive  books  and  the  many  govern- 
ment and  state  bulletins,  about  the  more  common  pests  that 


56  'ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |  Feb.,  '32 

directly  affect  man,  his  domestic  animals,  his  plants,  his  crops, 
his  storehouse,  and  his  home  and  health,  with  practical  sugges- 
tions as  to  their  control.  Insects,  on  account  of  their  numbers, 
being  man's  greatest  enemies,  comprise  the  bulk  of  the  items ; 
but  other  animal  pests  such  as  spiders,  mites,  ticks,  parasitic 
worms,  mammals  and  birds  are  included.  The  book  is  divided 
into  two  sections :  Pests  of  man  and  domestic  animals,  and 
insect  control  and  some  important  pests  of  the  orchard,  garden, 
field  and  household.  Unfortunately  no  bibliography  is  given, 
but  this  was  probably  omitted  in  order  to  keep  the  book  within 
reasonable  bounds  and  price. 

E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 


OBITUARY. 

Although  late  in  publishing  this  record,  the  NEWS  should  not 
allow  the  passing  of  FREDERICK  ARTHUR  GODFREY  MUIR  to  go 
unnoticed.  He  was  born  at  Clapham,  England,  April  24,  1872, 
and  died  near  Horsham,  Sussex,  May  13,  1931.  Obituaries  by 
W.  E.  China  and  J.  J.  Walker  appeared  in  the  July,  1931, 
numbers  of  The  Entomologist  and  The  Entomologist's  Monthly 
Magazine  respectively.  Muir  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Eastern 
Telegraph  Company  at  various  African  stations  from  1886  to 
1905,  but  was  always  intensely  interested  in  insects,  encouraged 
by  Dr.  David  Sharp,  who  induced  him  to  turn  to  the  career  of 
a  practical  entomologist.  From  1905  to  1927  he  was  one  of 
the  entomologists  of  the  Hawaiian  Sugar  Planters'  Association 
and,  as  such,  the  successful  introducer  of  insect  enemies  of  the 
cane-borer  beetle,  the  sugar-cane  leaf  hopper  and  injurious 
lamellicorns.  Dr.  Howard  also,  in  his  recent  book,  The  Insect 
Menace,  has  given  an  interesting  account  of  Muir's  labors, 
difficulties  and  final  triumph  in  bringing  the  first  of  these  para- 
sites, the  Tachinid,  Ceromasia  sphenophori,  into  Hawaii.  Muir 
did  excellent  work  on  the  anatomy  of  the  male  genital  tube  of 
Coleoptera,  the  head  and  mouth  parts  of  Homoptera  and,  above 
all,  on  the  structure  and  classification  of  the  Fulgoroidea.  He 
attended  the  International  Congress  of  Entomology  at  Ithaca, 
in  August,  1928,  where  many  Americans  had  the  pleasure  of 
making  his  acquaintance. 


MARCH,  1932 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLIII 


No.  3 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Crampton — The  Probable  Occurence  in  the  Thysanuroid  Insect  Machilis 
heteropus  Silv.  of  a  Structure  Homologous  with  the  Second 
Antenna , 57 

Hebard — A  New  Species  of  Loboptera  Brunner  (Orthoptera :  Blattidae) , 

Pseudomopinae 60 

Knull — Notes  on  Coleoptera, — 3 62 

Bell — New  Species  of  Pyrrhopyge  (Lepid.:  Hesperiidae) 68 

Klyver — Biological  Notes  and  New  Records  of  North  American  Chermi- 

dae  (Homoptera) 70 

Frost — Cordylura  tricincta  Loew,  a  Leaf-miner  on  Smilacina  racemosa 

(L)  Desf.:  (Dipt.:  Scatophagidae) 75 

Henshaw — An  Additional  Record  for  Dynastes  tityus  in  Pennsylvania 

(Coleop.:  Scarabaeidae) 77 

Entomological  Literature 78 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section   1. 

Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January   IS.  1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder,Ph.D., 

Associate   Editors. 

Advisory  Committee:  Philip  Laurent.  J  A.  G  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  sibscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .  ....  3.15 

Foreign  .          .  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  "  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
-.criptions,  non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of   reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

Ul  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  oi  the  NEWS  should  bt 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7 JO  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June. 
July.  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  arr 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 


The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies.  35  cents: 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies.  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies.  25  cents:  greater  numbers 
•»f  copies  will  he  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rate*. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLIII.  MARCH,    1932  No.  3 

The  Probable  Occurrence  in  the  Thysanuroid  Insect 
Machilis  heteropus  Silv.  of  a  Structure  Homo- 
logous with  the  Second  Antenna. 

By  G.  C.'  CRAMPTOK,  Ph.D.,  Massachusetts  State  College, 

Amherst,  Mass. 

Several  years  ago,  the  late  Mr.  F.  Muir  sent  to  me  a  pencil 
sketch  of  a  peculiar  structure  which  he  had  found  in  a  Machi- 
loid  insect,  presumably  Machilis  hctcropns  Silv.,  which  was 
probably  captured  in  Hawaii,  where  Mr.  Muir  was  living  at 
that  time.  I  no  longer  have  the  letter  which  accompanied  the 
sketch,  so  that  I  am  unable  to  say  whether  the  structure  in 
question  occurs  in  only  one,  or  both  sexes  of  M.  heteropus,  but 
as  I  recall  his  description  of  it,  the  structure  is  a  lobe-like  pro- 
jection occurring  between  the  base  of  the  antenna  and  the 
mandible,  as  is  shown  in  the  accompanying  drawing,  which  I 
have  made  from  the  rough  pencil  sketch  sent  by  Mr.  Muir. 

Mr.  Muir  suggested  that,  from  its  location,  and  the  fact  that 
it  serves  to  connect  the  base  of  the  antenna  with  the  mandible, 
this  structure  might  represent  the  lobe  of  a  basal  segment  of 
the  antenna   ("ischiopodite")   while  the  mandible  might  repre- 
sent another  lobe  of  a  basal  segment  of  the  antenna.     T  pointed 
out  to  him  that  embryology  would  permit  no  such  interpreta- 
tion of  these  parts,  and  made  the  suggestion  that  this  structure 
might  represent  the  second  antenna,  which,  accord:ng  to  I" 
1897  (Beitr.  zur  Entwicklungsgeschichte  von  Camnodea  sta]  h_ 
linus  Westw.,  Zool.  Anzeiger,  20,  p.  125)  is  also  preserved  in 
the  head  of  adults  of  Campodca,  as  a  small  lobe  situated  be- 
tween the  labrum  and  the  maxilla,  in  the  space  left  free  by  the 
retracted  mandible  (tcstc  Snodgrass,  1928,  Smith 
lections,  Vol.  81,  No.  3,  p.  59-  who  likewise  finds  a  papilla  in 
this  region  in  the  grasshopper  Dissosteira) . 

I  urged  Mr.  Muir  to  publish  an  account  of  this  stru  lure  in 
Maclnlis^but  other  matters  intervened,  and  this  was  m-ver  done. 
The  matter  should  not  be  allowed  to  lapse,  however,  since  I 

57 


58 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Mar.,  '32 


think  that  this  discovery  is  of  the  greatest  importance.  Machilis 
is  one  of  the  most  "crustaceoid"  of  the  Insecta  and  if  it  can  be 
proved  that  a  structure  homologous  with  the  second  antennae 
of  Crustacea  actually  occurs  in  any  species  of  Machilis,  this 
would  be  proof  positive  that  the  Insecta  are  descended  from 
Crustacea,  since  the  Crustacea  are  the  only  forms  typically 
exhibiting  two  pairs  of  antennae.  The  other  structures  of  Ma- 
chilis are  so  "crustaceoid"  that  the  occurrence  of  a  second  pair 
of  antennae  in  Machilis  is  all  that  is  needed  to  prove  beyond 
all  doubt  that  it  is  a  more  or  less  direct  descendant  of  the  Crus- 
tacean stock !  I  have  therefore  reproduced  Mr.  Muir's  figure 
in  the  hopes  that  anyone  having  specimens  of  Machilis  heter- 
opus  Silv.,  will  examine  both  sexesl  of  this  insect  and  publish 
a  detailed  account  of  the  structures  in  question --and  if  the 
embryology  of  Machilis  can  be  studied  with  a  view  to  tracing 


1  ant 


2  ant 


m 


The  figure  shows  the  sinietral  mandible  and  the  base  of  the  sinistral  antenna  of 
Machilis  heterot>us  Silv.,  in  which  there  apparently  occurs  a  pair  of  vestigial  second 
antennae  located  between  the  bases  of  the  antennae  and  the  mandibles.  1,  ant  is  the 
base  of  the  antenna  ;  2,  ant  is  the  supposed  second  antenna  ;  tmt  is  the  mandible  ;  »/  is 
the  mola  :  »w  is  the  incisor  region  ;  and  -s  is  the  suture  dividing  the  mandible  into  a  basal 
and  distal  region. 

the  development  of  the  tritocerebral  appendages  in  its  embryo 
(and  also  the  development  of  its  paragnatha  to  prove  that  these 
are  homologous  with  the  paragnatha  of  Crustacea)  such  a  study 
would  be  invaluable  for  deciding  the  moot  question  of  the 
origin  of  the  class  Insecta. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

In  the  meantime,  I  would  surest  that  the  structure  labelled 
2  ant  in  the  accompanying  figure  of  Machilis  hctcropns  Silv.,  is 
actually  the  homologue  of  the  second  antennae  of  Crustacea, 
since  it  occupies  exactly  the  correct  position  for  such  a  structure 
(/'.  c.  between  the  base  of  the  first  antenna  and  the  mandible). 
Some  species  of  Machilis  is  exactly  the  type  of  crustaceoid  in- 
sect in  which  one  would  expect  to  find  vestigial  second  antennae 
located  in  their  normal  position  between  the  bases  of  the  first 
antennae  and  the  mandibles,  instead  of  being  in  the  unnatural 
position  between  the  labrum  and  maxilla  characteristic  of  the 
supposed  vestiges  of  the  second  antennae  in  the  adult  of  Cain- 
podca,  or  the  small  papilla  supposedly  representing  the  second 
antennae  in  Dlssostelra  (which  is  a  rather  specialized  insect  to 
have  preserved  vestiges  of  the  second  antennae  which  are  lost 
even  in  the  embryonic  stages  of  most  insects  above  the  Aptery- 
gota).  I  have  no  reason  to  doubt  that  Mr.  Muir's  figure  was 
correct  in  all  essential  details,  and  I  am  convinced  that  Machilis 
hctcropus  Silv.,  has  actually  preserved  a  pair  of  vestigial  second 
antennae,  if  Mr.  Muir's  identification  of  the  insect  sketched  by 
him  is  correct. 

That  the  accompanying  figure  is  of  a  Machiloid  insect  is 
proven  by  the  fact  that  it  has  a  typical  Machiloid  mandible  with 
a  set-off  incisor  region  labelled  in  in  the  accompanying  figure, 
•and  with  a  prolonged  molar  region,  or  mola,  labelled  m  in  the 
figure.  There  is  also  a  typical  suture  labelled  s,  dividing  the 
mandible  md  into  a  basal  and  distal  region  characteristic  of 
Machilis,  so  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  figure  was 
sketched  from  a  Machilid  originally,  the  only  question  in  my 
mind  being  whether  the  identification  of  the  Machiloid  was 
correct  or  not,  and  on  this  account  T  would  again  urge  those 
possessing  specimens  of  Machilis  Jictcropus  to  examine  these 
insects  and  either  publish  on  their  findings,  or  allow  me  to 
study  them  with  this  in  view,  since  the  finding  of  such  compara- 
tively well  developed  relics  of  the  second  antennae  in  the  crus- 
taceoid insect  Machilis  is  of  intense  interest  to  every  student  of 
the  phylogeny  of  insects,  and  the  importance  of  such  a  find  can- 
not be  overemphasized ! 


60  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

A  New  Species  of  Loboptera  Brunner  (Orthoptera  : 
Blattidae,  Pseudomopinae). 

By  MORGAN  HEBARD,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

Dr.  Roland  Thaxter  last  year  sent  us  a  series  of  a  small  sub- 
apterous  cockroach,  which  he  had  found  common  in  rubbish 
and  leaf  litter  in  a  small  wood-lot,  planted  on  the  grounds  of 
the  Normal  School  of  Agriculture  at  Llavallol,  near  Buenos 
Aires,  Argentina. 

This  insect  proves  to  represent  a  new  species  of  the  Old 
World  genus  Loboptera,  which  we  take  pleasure  in  naming  in 
honor  of  its  captor.  We  are  convinced  that  it  is  an  introduction 
in  South  America  from  southern  Europe  or  northern  Africa, 
where  closely  related  species  are  native.  Furthermore,  it  may 
be  parthenogenetic  in  the  Argentine,  as  all  of  the  fifteen  speci- 
mens secured  are  females.1 
Loboptera  thaxteri  new  species.  Figures  1  and  2. 

This  insect  is  closely  related  to  the  south  European  Loboptera 
decipiens  (Germar),  differing  in  the  structure  of  the  female 
subgenital  plate  and  in  features  of  coloration.  Some  resem- 
blance to  Loboptera  maroccana  Bolivar  is  also  shown,  but  that 
larger  species  is  quickly  distinguished  by  the  solidly  dark 
abdomen. 

Type:  ?  ;  Llavallol,  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina.  April,  1916. 
(R.  Thaxter.)  [Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.] 

Agrees  with  decipiens  in  all  structural  features  except  the 
subgenital  plate.  Surface  glabrous,  microscopic  hairs  scarcely 
perceptible  except  caudad.  Head  slightly  broader  than  deep, 
vertex  rounding  evenly  into  face,  interocular  width  distinctly 
greater  than  that  between  the  antennal  sockets,  minute  ocellar 
spots  indicated.2  Palpi  very  short,2  fourth  joint  about  three 
quarters  as  long  as  fifth.  Pronotum  evenly  weakly  convex;2 
caudal  margin  almost  transverse,  weakly  convex.  Tegmina 
represented  by  pads 2  which  faintly  surpass  the  mesonotum, 
less  than  twice  as  long  as  greatest  width ;  sutural  margin 
briefly  weakly  divergent  from  costal  margin,  then  evenly  con- 

1  We  know  Pycnoscclus  surinamcnsis  to  be  almost  always  parthenogen- 
etic in  America,  whereas  in  the  Asiatic  portions  of  its  distribution  males 
are  often  if  not  always  as  frequently  found  as  females. 

2  These  features  are  probably  of  generic  rather  than  specific  importance. 


xliii,  '32] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


61 


verging  toward  that  margin  to  the  rather  broadly  rounded  apex. 
Supra-anal  plate  strongly  transverse,  triangular,  with  sides  very 
broadly  concave  and  apex  broadly  rounded  (sometimes  show- 
ing a  trace  of  incision).  Subgenital  plate  ample,  with  a  medio- 
longitudinal  distal  cleft,  thus  forming  two  rounded  triangular, 
slightly  produced  apical  flaps,  the  area  which  they  occupy  con- 
cave (in  this  material,  dried  after  immersion  in  a  liquid  pre- 
servative, these  flaps  are  sometimes  curled  inward  very  strong- 
ly). Ventro-cephalic  margin  of  cephalic  femora  armed  with 
a. series  of  heavy  elongate  spines  which  distad  gradually  de- 


1 


Fig.  1. — Loboptera  thaxteri  new  species.     Dorsal  view  of  type.      (x6    ). 
Fig.  2. — Same.     Dorso-caudal  view  of  subgenital  plate,  of  female  type. 
(Much  enlarged.) 

crease  to  a  series  of  minute  piliform  spines,  terminating  in 
three  heavy  spines,  elongate  in  strongly  increasing  ratio  distad.2 
Caudal  metatarsus  slightly  longer  than  combined  length  of  the 
succeeding  joints,  with  two  rows  of  minute  spines  vrntrad  and 
a  distal  pulvillus;  ventral  surface  of  succeeding  joints  fully 
occupied  by  pulvilli.  A  moderately  large  arolium  present  be- 
tween the  simple,  symmetrical  tarsal  claws.1' 


62  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

Surface  shining  blackish  brown.  Margined  dorsad  by  a 
moderately  broad  buffy  band  which,  unlike  in  decipiens,  is  con- 
tinued around  the  cephalic  margin  of  the  pronotum  and  also 
covers  all  (instead  of  only  slightly  over  half)  but  the  sutural 
margin  of  the  tegminal  pads.  Caudad  the  fifth  and  sixth  ab- 
dominal tergites  have  their  free  margins  narrowly  paler,  the 
succeeding  tergites  (two  of  these  very  narrow  and  often  hid- 
den) wholly  dark,  but  the  supra-anal  plate  buffy  disto-mesad. 
Cerci  dorsad  solidly  dark  proximad  but  with  distal  half  buffy, 
ventrad  buffy  with  extensive  proximal  portions  of  proximal 
segments  alone  dark.  Ocellar  spots  and  limbs  brownish  buff. 
Abdomen  ventrad,  unlike  in  decipiens,  with  lateral  margins 
(but  not  distal  margin  of  subgenital  plate)  narrowly  buffy. 

The  color  differences  from  decipiens  are  more  significant 
since  the  described  series  of  tha.vteri  is  very  dark  in  general 
coloration  but  the  pale  markings  are  both  more  numerous  and 
more  extensive. 

The  fourteen  paratypic  females  are  divided  between  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  and  the  author's  collection. 

Length  of  body  7.7  to  9.6,  length  of  pronotum  2.13  to  2.84, 
width  of  pronotum  3.12  to  4.26,  exposed  length  of  tegmen  1.06 
to  1.49,  greatest  width  of  tegmen  .62  to  .80  mm.  (by  microm- 
eter). 

— »  •  • 

Notes  on  Coleoptera. — No.  3. 

By  J.  N.  KNULL,  Pennsylvania  Forest  Research  Institute. 

(Continued  from  page  45.) 

BOSTRICHIDAE 

XYLOBIOPS  BASILLARE  Say.  Reared  in  numbers  from  dead 
wild  grape  vine  collected  at  Mont  Alto. 

CERAMBYCIDAE 

TESSAROPA  TENUIPES  Hald.  Adults  were  reared  from  dead 
chestnut  (Castanca  dcntata  Marsh.)  branches  about  3/16  of 
an  inch  in  thickness  collected  at  Mont  Alto.  The  insect  was 
found  to  pass  the  winter  in  both  the  larval  and  pupal  stages. 

HYPERMALLUS  INCERTUS  Newn.  This  insect  was  found 
working  in  the  thick  outer  bark  of  dead  rock  oak  (Quercus 
prinus  Linn.)  in  Clark's  Valley.  The  larvae  had  made  irreg- 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  63 

ular  galleries  through  the  bark  and  were  passing  the  winter 
in  their  pupal  cells. 

CENTRODERA  PICTA  Hald.  A  living  unhardened  adult  was 
chopped  from  its  pupal  cell  in  the  decayed  part  of  a  living 
yellow  birch  (Be tula  lutca  Mich.)  at  Laporte,  September  7. 

ANOPLODERA  RUBRICA  Sav.     Reared  from  the  dead  decayed 

**  •/ 

wood  of  hickory  collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

A.  MINNESOTANA  Csy.  Reared  from  the  dead  decayed  wood 
of  hickory  and  black  gum  (Nyssa  syfaatica  Marsh.)  collected 
in  Clark's  Valley. 

A.  BIFORIS  Newn.  This  insect  was  found  breeding  in  de- 
cayed hemlock  (Tsuga  canadrnsis  Linn.)  stumps  at  Cold 
Springs,  Adams  County. 

A.  MUTABILIS  Newn.  Reared  from  the  dead  decayed  wood 
of  willow  and  black  gum  (Nyssa  sylvatica  Marsh.),  wild  black 
cherry  (Pnmus  serotina  Ehr.)  and  black  birch  (Bctula  nigra 
Linn.)  collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

TYPOCERUS  VELUTINUS  Oliv.  Reared  from  the  dead  de- 
cayed wood  of  hickory  collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

ENCYCLOPS  COERULEA  Say.  Found  breeding  in  the  outer 
bark  of  living  black  ash  (Fra.vinns  nigra  Marsh.)  on  the  Mont 
Alto  State  Forest. 

NEOCLYTUS  KIRBYI  Auriv.  Reared  from  the  dead  branches 
of  post  oak  (Qucrcus  stdlata  Wang.)  collected  in  Clark's 
Valley. 

ANTHOBOSCUS  RURICOLA  Oliv.  Reared  from  the  wood  of 
dead  red  maple  (Acer  rubrum  Linn.),  linden  (Tilia  amcricana 
Linn.)  and  striped  maple  (Acer  pcnnsyh'anicuui  Linn.)  col- 
lected in  Clark's  Valley. 

CLYTUS  MARGINICOLLIS  Cast.  Reared  from  the  dead 
branches  of  long-leaved  pine  (Finns  palnstris  Mill.)  collected 
at  Cape  Henry,  Va. 

PURPURICENUS  HUMERALIS  Fab.  Reared  from  dead  black 
locust  (Robinia  pseudo-acacia  Linn.)  seedling  about  y\  of  an 
inch  in  diameter  collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

P.  AXILLARIS  Hald.     Reared  from  pruned  branches  of  rock 


64  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

oak  (Oncrcus  prinus  Linn.)  and  post  oak  (Q.  stcllata  Wang.) 
collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

AEGOMORPHUS  DECIPIENS  Hald.  Reared  from  dead  blue 
beech  (Ostrya  virginiana  Miller)  collected  at  Bald  Eagle  and 
from  dead  willow  collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

LEPTURGES  SIGNATUS  Lee.  Reared  from  dead  branches  of 
basswood  (Tilia  americana  Linn.),  black  oak  (Quercus  velu- 
tina  Lamb.)  and  chestnut  (Castanea  dentata  Marsh.)  collected 
in  Clark's  Valley. 

HYPERPLATYS  MACULATA  Hald.  Reared  from  a  dead  branch 
of  willow  collected  in  Clark's  Valley 

H.  ASPERSA  Say.  Reared  from  dead  shadbush  (Amelanchier 
canadcnsis  Linn.)  branches  collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

ACANTHOCINUS  NODOSUS  Fab.  Reared  from  the  bark  of 
dead  pitch  pine  (Finns  rigid  a  Miller)  collected  at  Mont  Alto. 
The  larvae  work  through  the  bark  and  form  pupal  cells  within 
it  the  latter  part  of  July. 

ECYRUS  DASYCERUS  Say.  Adults  reared  from  dead  basswood 
(Tilia  americana  Linn.)  branches  collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

EUPOGONIUS  TOMENTOSUS  Hald.  Reared  from  dead  long- 
leaved  pine  (Finns  palustris  Miller)  branches  collected  at  Cape 
Henry,  Va. 

OBEREA  SCHAUMI  Lee.  Adults  reared  from  living  large- 
toothed  aspen  (Populus  grandidcntata  Mich.)  and  American 
aspen  (Populus  trcmuloidcs  Mich.)  collected  at  various  points 
on  the  Allegheny  Plateau.  Trees  up  to  3  inches  in  diameter 
are  some  times  infested  and  the  larvae  do  not  work  down  into 
the  roots  as  some  of  the  other  members  of  the  genus  do.  The 
work  is  usually  up  the  stem  including  side  branches,  with  holes 
to  the  exterior  at  different  points  for  exuding  frass. 

O.  TRIPUNCTATA  Swed.  Reared  from  branches  of  living 
mocker  nut  hickory  (Cory  alba  Linn.)  collected  in  Huntingdon 
County;  also  from  a  living  branch  of  witch-hazel  (Hamamclis 
I'injiiiiaua  Linn.)  collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

O.  TRIPUNCTATA  var.  mandarina  Fab.  Reared  from  a  living 
branch  of  sweet  viburnum  (Viburnum  Icntago  Linn.)  collected 
at  Pond  Bank. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  65 

CURCULIONIDAE 

EUSPHYRUS  WALSH i  Lee.  Reared  from  dead  bittersweet 
(Celastrus  scandcns  Linn.)  vine  collected  in  Clark's  Valley. 

BRACHYRHINUS  SULCATUS  Fab.  Numerous  plants  of  Eng- 
lish ivy  (Hcdcra  helix  Linn.)  were  practically  defoliated  by 
the  adults  of  this  species  which  appeared  in  numbers  the  latter 
part  of  June.  The  adults  are  nocturnal  and  could  not  be 
found  in  the  day  time. 

THYSANOCNEMUS  BISCHOFFI  Blatch.  White  ash  (Fraxinus 
americana  Linn.)  seeds  infested  with  the  larvae  of  this  insect 
were  found  at  Good  Siding,  Franklin  County,  by  Prof.  G.  S. 
Perry  and  Chester  A.  Coover.  The  larvae  crawl  from  the  seeds 
in  the  spring  after  they  have  fallen  to  the  ground  and  enter 
the  soil  for  pupation.  Not  more  than  one  larva  was  found  to 
a  seed  and  dark  spots  on  the  outside  of  the  infested  seeds  indi- 
cated the  points  where  the  eggs  had  been  laid.  Mr.  Coover 
figured  that  7.3%  of  the  seeds  on  the  trees  were  infested.  The 
seeds  from  the  tops  showed  3.65%  weeviling;  the  middle  por- 
tions 6.85%  and  seeds  from  the  bases  of  the  trees  showed 
11.3%  infestation.  (Species  determined  by  L.  L.  Buchanan.) 

CEUTORHYNCHUS  RAPAE  Gyll.  Adults  were  destructive  to 
nasturtium  foliage  during  June  and  the  fore-part  of  July,  at 
Mont  Alto.  The  feeding  was  usually  at  the  edges  of  the  leaves. 
(Species  determined  by  L.  I.  Buchanan.) 

CRYPTORHYNCHUS  FALLAX  Lee.  Reared  from  dead  bass- 
wood  (Tilia  americana  Linn.)  branches  collected  in  Clark's 
Valley.  (Determined  by  Chas.  Liebeck.) 

SCOLYTIDAE 

SCOLYTUS  PICEA  Sw.  Near  Bernice,  small  black  spruce 
(Picea  mariana  Miller)  affected  by  the  1930-31  drought  were 
infested  with  this  insect.  The  adults  emerged  from  caged 
sticks  in  September. 

CNESINUS  STRIGICOLLIS  Lee.  This  insect  was  found  over- 
wintering in  the  adult  stage  in  small  twigs  of  dead  chestnut 
(Castanca  dcntata  Marsh.)  at  Mont  Alto.  The  adults  had 
burrowed  out  the  central  portions  of  the  stems  and  usually 


66  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

two  beetles  were  found   in   one  gallery.      (Determined  by 
Dr.  M.  W.  Blackman.) 

MICRACIS  OPACIOLLIS  Lee.  Adults  found  through  the  win- 
ter months  in  small  dead  chestnut  (Castanea  dentata  Marsh.) 
twigs  at  Mont  Alto. 

CORTHYLUS  PUNCTATISSIMUS  Zimm.  August  1,  F.  M.  Trim- 
ble called  the  writer's  attention  to  this  species  working  in  the 
stems  of  fetter  bush  (Leucothoe  catesbaei  Walt.)  at  Frazer. 

CONOPHTHORUS  CONIPERDA  Sz.  Dead  adults  of  this  species 
were  found  in  small  immature  cones  of  pitch  pine  (Pinus  rigid  a 
Miller)  at  Mont  Alto. 

PITYOPTHORUS  PULCARius  Zimm.  This  insect  was  found 
working  in  the  immature  cones  of  pitch  Pine  (Pinus  rig  id  a 
Miller)  at  Mont  Alto,  and  in  the  small  stems  of  Austrian  pine 
(Pinus  laricio  var.  austriaca  Endl.)  affected  by  the  1930-31 
drought  at  Philadelphia.  (Determined  by  Dr.  M.  W.  Black- 
mail. ) 

P.  NUDUS  Sw.  Found  breeding  in  the  small  dead  branchlets 
of  Scotch  pine  (Pinus  syli'cstris  Linn.)  at  Pond  Bank. 

P.  BELLUS  Blackm.  Adults  were  taken  under  the  bark  of 
dead  Scotch  pine  (Pinus  sylvcstris  Linn.)  collected  at  Pond 
Bank  on  July  24.  (Determined  by  Dr.  M.  W.  Blackman.) 

P.  MUDUS  Blackm.  July  31,  adults  were  found  under  the 
bark  of  black  spruce  (Picca  mariana  Miller)  trees  killed  by 
drought  near  Bernice.  (Determined  by  Dr.  M.  W.  Blackman.) 

P.  PULCHELLUS  Eich.  Adults  were  found  under  the  bark 
of  pruned  Austrian  pine  (Pinus  laricid  var.  austriaca  Endl.) 
branches  at  Mt.  Carmel,  August  1. 

PITYOGENES  LECONTEi  Sw.  Adults  of  this  species  were  found 
under  the  bark  of  dead  Scotch  pine  (Pinus  sylrcstris  Linn.)  at 
Pond  Bank,  on  March  8 ;  working  under  Virginia  scrub  pine 
(Pinus  virginiana  Miller)  bark  in  Kansas  Valley,  Perry  County, 
on  May  11  and  under  the  bark  of  red  pine  (Pinus  rcsinosa 
Aiton)  at  York,  on  May  20. 

Dr.  M.  W.  Blackman  kindly  determined  the  specimens  and 
compared  the  material  with  the  type  in  the  Leconte  collection. 

Since  this  species  was  described  *  from  a  unique  female  in 

*J.  M.  Swaine  —  Tech.  Publication  No.  2,  N.  Y.  State  Col.  Forestry, 
v.  16,  No.  1,  1915. 


xliii,    '32]  KNTOMOLOr.K  AI.     XFAVS  67 

the  Leconte  collection,  a  brief   description  of   the   male  is  as 
follows : 

Robust,  reddish  brown  in  color.  Head  with  front  broad, 
slightly  convex,  punctate  toward  vertex,  granulate  punctate  be- 
low, a  shining  flat  impunctate  median  area ;  clothed  with  fine 
pubescence.  Eyes  oval,  coarsely  granulate,  inner  margin  sin- 
uate. Antennae  lighter  in  color  than  the  rest  of  the  insect,  club 
flattened,  circular  in  outline,  first  and  second  sutures  nearly 
straight. 

Pronotum  longer  than  wide,  slightly  wider  than  elytra,  widest 
back  of  middle,  constricted  at  base,  sides  subparallel,  broadly 
arcuate  anteriorly,  anterior  margin  elevated,  serrulate,  surface 
covered  with  blunt  asperities  toward  front,  posteriorly  coarsely 
but  not  closely  punctate,  a  medium  longitudinal  raised  smooth 
impunctate  area  and  an  oval  lateral  areas  on  each  side,  pubes- 
cence of  disk  sparse,  longer  and  denser  laterally. 

Elytra  with  sides  subparallel,  accurate  anteriorly,  surface  shin- 
ing, coarsely  punctured  toward  base,  puntures  diminishing  in 
size  and  surface  becoming  somewhat  rugose  near  declivity, 
punctures  irregularly  placed,  those  of  interspaces  nearly  equal 
in  size,  pubescence  long,  sparse.  A  long  slender  tooth  curved 
downward  at  tip,  arising  from  opposite  the  end  of  the  second 
atria,  'elevated  margin  of  declevity  with  several  blunt  tubercles, 
a  prominent  tooth  on  each  side  near  apex. 

Size  of  males  ranging  from  2  mm.  long,  .8  mm.  wide,  to  2.8 
mm.  long  and  1  mm.  wide. 

ANISANDRUS  OBESUS  Lee.  Adults  were  chopped  from  their 
burrows  in  dying  large-toothed  aspen  (Populits  grandidentata 
Mich.)  on  July  3,  at  Promised  Land  Lake,  Pike  County.  (De- 
termined by  Dr.  M.  W.  Blackmail.) 

A.  SAYI  Hopk.  Adults  were  found  working  in  dying  fire 
cherry  (Primus  pennsylvanica  Linn.)  at  Laporte,  July  24,  and 
dead  chestnut  (Castanca  dcntata  Marsh.)  branch  in  Clark's 
Valley,  February  14.  (Determination  by  Dr.  M.  \V.  Blackman.) 

DRYOCOETES  BETULAE  Hopk.  Adults,  larvae  and  pupae  of 
this  insect  were  found  under  the  bark  of  a  dying  mountain  ash 
(Pyrus  ainericana  Marsh.)  at  Ricketts,  on  September  7. 

LYMANTOR  DECIPIENS  Lee.  Adults  were  found  in  a  small 
branch  of  dead  witch-hazel  (Hamamelis  1'injhiiana  Linn.)  in 
Clark's  Valley.  (Determined  by  Dr.  M.  \\  .  I'-lackman.) 


68 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


[Mar.,  '32 


New  Species  of  Pyrrhopyge  (Lepid.:  Hesperiidae). 

By  E.  L.  BELL,  Flushing,  New  York. 
Pyrrhopyge  guianae  new  species.     (Fig.  I). 

Male.  Upperside.  Primaries  and  secondaries  greenish- 
black.  Beneath.  Both  wings  greenish-black,  primaries  paler  at 
the  base  and  inner  marginal  area.  Fringes  of  both  wings  white, 
darkened  at  the  apex  of  the  primaries.  Thorax  and  abdomen 
on  both  surfaces  greenish-black.  Shoulder-covers,  tegulae  and 
pectus  greenish-black.  Head,  collar,  palpi  and  anal  tuft  red. 
Antennae  black,  the  club  brown  beneath. 

Expanse :  58  mm. 


Holotypc  male,  French  Guiana,  in  collection  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

This  species  belongs  in  the  division  of  the  typical  group  of 
the  genus  Pyrrhopyge  containing  zenodorus  Godman  and  Sal- 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  69 

vin,  to  which  it  bears  a  superficial  resemblance,  the  color  of  the 
head,  collar,  palpi  and  anal  tuft  being  a  little  darker  red.  It 
also  bears  more  or  less  superficial  resemblance  to  the  other 
members  of  this  division,  but  may  be  distinguished  from  them 
all  by  the  peculiar  form  of  the  male  genitalia. 

The  flanges  at  the  base  of  the  uncus  are  rather  narrow  and 
serrate  on  the  dorsal  edge  and  apex.  The  claspers  terminate  in 
a  broad,  irregularly  rounded  arm  with  a  few  small  serrations 
at  the  base  of  the  dorsal  edge,  back  of  which  rises  a  short  pro- 
jection, serrate  on  the  rounded  apex.  The  inner  plate  of  the 
disc  carries  a  considerable  number  of  short  teeth. 

Pyrrhopyge  cressoni  new  species.     (Fig.  2). 

Male.  Upperside.  Primaries  and  secondaries  greenish-black. 
Beneath.  Same  color  as  above,  the  primaries  at  the  base  and 
below  vein  2  paler ;  the  secondaries  with  a  rather  irregular  white 
basal  area,  poorly  defined  on  the  outer  edge,  and  sometimes 
sprinkled  with  black  scales.  In  the  paratype  from  Ecuador 
there  is  also  a  small  white  dot  on  the  underside  of  the  primaries 
below  the  costal  vein  toward  the  base. 

Fringes  white  on  both  wings,  darkened  at  the  apex  of  the 
primaries.  Thorax  and  abdomen  greenish-black  on  both  sur- 
faces. Shoulder-covers  and  tegulae  greenish-black.  Collar 
black.  Head,  palpi,  pectus  and  anal  tuft  red.  Antennae  black, 
the  club  brown  beneath. 

Expanse :  54  mm. 

Holotypc  male,  Buena  Vista,  75  km.  n.  w.  of  Santa  Cruz, 
Bolivia,  450  m.  alt.  (Steinbach),  and  one  male  parat\pc,  Ecua- 
dor, in  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. ;  one  male  paratype,  same  data  as  the  holotype,  in 
the  collection  of  the  author. 

Named  for  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

This  species  is  a  member  of  the  typical  group  of  the  genus 
Pyrrhopyge  and  belongs  in  the  division  containing  pliid'ms 
Linnaeus  and  the  other  species  associated  with  it  in  having  a 
white  basal  area  of  the  secondaries  beneath,  from  all  of  which 
cressoni  may  be  superficially  distinguished  by  the  red  pectus. 

The  termination  of  the  claspers  is  somewhat  like  that  of 
draudti  Bell,  but  the  projection  arising  from  the  dorsal  edge 


70  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

of  the  terminal  arm  at  the  base  is  quite  different  in  shape.  The 
flanges  arising  from  the  base  of  the  uncus  are  very  large  and 
deeply  serrate  on  the  dorsal  edge  and  apex,  in  draiidti  they  are 
narrower  and  more  elongate. 

The  measurement  of  expanse  is  twice  the  distance  from  the 
center  of  the  thorax  to  the  apex  of  one  primary. 


Biological  Notes  and  New  Records  of  North 
American  Chermidae  (Homoptera). 

By  F.  D.  KLYVER,  San  Mateo  Junior  College,  San  Mateo, 

California. 
(Continued  from  page  40.) 

ARYTAINA  ASSIMILIS  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  only: 
from  Ceanothus,  Black  Mountain  Road,  Hillsborough,  May  5, 
1929;  from  C.  cuncatus,  Clark's  Canyon,  San  Mateo,  May  21, 
1929;  from  same  host,  Tehachapi  Pass,  Kern  County,  April  13, 
1930;  from  same  host,  Table  Mountain,  Fresno  County,  April 
16,  1930. 

Host:  Not  definitely  known.  (Probably  C.  cuneatus.}  Nomi- 
nal Hosts :  Ceanothus  spp. 

ARYTAINA  MINUTA  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs :  from  Ceanothus  cuncatus,  Clark's  Canyon,  San  Mateo, 
May  20,  1929;  same  data,  June  24,  1929.  Adults  only:  from 
Ceanothus,  summit  of  Peachtree  Grade,  west  of  Coalinga, 
December  8,  1929;  from  C.  cuncatus,  lower  Kern  River  Can- 
yon, west  of  Bodfish,  June  19,  1931. 
Host :  Ceanothus. 

Biological  data  incomplete. 

ARYTAINA  CEANOTHAE  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs :  from  Ceanothus,  Black  Mountain  Road,  Hillsborough, 
May  12,  1929;  from  C.  cuncatus,  Table  Mountain,  Auberry, 
Fresno  County,  April  16,  1930;  from  C.  thyrsiflorus,  San  Remo, 
south  of  Carmel,  March  30,  1931. 
Host :  Ceanothus. 

Biological  data  incomplete. 

ARYTAINA  ACULEATA   Crawford.     CALIFORNIA. — Adults  only: 
from  Ccrcocarpus  bctuloidcs,  Soda  Creek,  Napa  County,  May 
3,  1931  (Keifer). 
Host :     Unknown.     Nominal  Host :     Cercocarpus. 

ARYTAINA  PUBESCENS  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  only  : 
from  Purshia  tridcntata,  Rock  Creek,  northwest  of  Bishop, 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  71 

June    19,    1931.      IDAHO. — Adults  only:    from   Antelope   Bush, 
Craters  of  the  Moon,  June  29,  1930  (Annand). 
Host:     Purshia.  tridcntata. 

This  species  becomes  very  abundant.  The  nymphs  are  found 
among  the  younger  branches  and  leaves,  where  they  produce 
large  amounts  of  wax  secretion.  Severe  infestations  are  asso- 
ciated with  the  dwarfing  of  the  host  and  the  formation  of  a 
witches'  broom  effect  in  the  parts  most  subject  to  attack. 

PSYLLIA  FIBULATA  Crawford.     IDAHO. — Adults  only :  from  un- 
known host,  wet  meadow,  near  Craters  of  the  Moon,  June  29, 
1930  (Annand)  ;  same  data,  Alturas  Lake,  August  2,  1930. 
Host :     Unknown.     Nominal  Hosts :     None  recorded. 

PSYLLIA    SINUATA    Crawford.      IDAHO. — Adults    only:    from 
grass  and  shrubs,  head  of  Salmon  River,  July  19,  1930  (An- 
nand). 
Host:     Unknown.     Nominal  Hosts:     Grass  and  shrubs. 

PSYLLIA  MINUTA  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs:  from  Purshia,  Marangue  Peak,  Argus  Mountains, 
April  12,  1930.  IDAHO. — Adults  only:  from  unknown  host, 
wet  meadow,  near  Craters  of  the  Moon,  June  29,  1930  (An- 
nand). 
Host:  Purshia.  (Probably  P.  tridcntata.} 

This  species  and  AryUiina  pnbcsccns  Crawford,  a  distinct 
species,  both  have  Purshia  tridcntata  for  a  host.  Although  our 
biological  data  is  incomplete,  it  appears  that  this  species  does 
not  produce  wax  to  the  same  extent  as  does  A.  pub  esc  ens. 

PSYLLIA  ALBA  Crawford.     CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and  nymphs: 
from  Salix,   Isabella   Creek,   Mountain   Hamilton   Range,   Oc- 
tober,  1922   (Ferris). 
Host:    Sali.v.     Norminal  Host:    5".  longifolia. 

The  available  data  are  incomplete. 

PSYLLIA  HARTKII i  Ror.     NF.W  YORK.     Adults  only:  from  pine, 
Cranberry  Lake,  July  26,  1920  (McLellan).     NOVA  SCOTIA.— 
Adults  only:  from  unknown  host.  King's  County,  no  date  (Brit- 
tain). 

Host:  Unknown.  Nominal  Hosts:  Pine,  Bctitla  popnlifolia. 
PSYLLIA  AMERICANA  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs:  from  Salix,  Sacramento,  March  30,  1929  (Keifer)  ; 
from  same  host,  south  of  Tehachapi,  Kern  County,  April  13, 
1930;  from  same  host,  Savory's  Tule  Pond,  south  of  Fresno, 


72  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

April  15,  1930;  from  same  host,  Old  Fort  Miller,  Friant, 
Fresno  County,  April  16,  1930;  from  same  host,  Crystal 
Springs  Lake,  San  Mateo  County,  May  1,  1930;  from  same 
host,  San  Remo,  south  of  Carmel,  March  30,  1931  ;  from  same 
host,  sand  dunes,  San  Francisco,  April  3,  1931 ;  from  same  host, 
Rock  Creek,  northwest  of  Bishop,  June  19,  1931.  Adults  only: 
from  SalLr  and  Artemisia  hctcrophylla,  Sacramento,  March  30, 
1929  (Keifer)  ;  from  pear  trees,  Andrus  Island,  Sacramento 
County,  April,  1931  (Keifer)  ;  from  same  host,  Hood,  Sacra- 
mento County,  April  16,  1931  (Keifer)  ;  from  same  host,  Kel- 
seyville,  April  8,  1931  (Keifer)  ;  from  Sali.r,  Mountain  Springs 
Canyon,  Coso  Mountains,  April  12,  1930;  from  same  host, 
Smith  Creek,  Mount  Hamilton  Road,  April  18,  1931 ;  from 
Finns  monophylla,  south  of  Tehachapi,  Kern  County,  April  13, 
1930.  IDAHO. — Adults  only:  from  grass  and  shrubs,  head  of 
Salmon  River,  July  19,  1930  (Annand).  NOVA  SCOTIA.— 
Adults  only:  from  Sali.r,  1924  _(Brittain). 
Hosts  :  Soliv  spp.  Nominal  Hosts  :  Finns  pondcrosa,  P.  mon- 
ophylla,  Artemisia  heterophylla,  pear,  grass,  shrubs. 

The  nymphs  are  found,  unaccompanied  by  conspicuous  wax 
secretion,  on  the  leaves,  petioles,  smaller  branches,  and  buds. 
Early  in  the  season  they,  are  found  most  abundantly  on  the 
axillary  buds. 

PSYLLIA    AMERICANA    MINOR    Crawford.       CALIFORNIA. Adults 

and  nymphs :  from  Sali.r,  Crystal  Springs  Lake,  San  Mateo 
County,  May  1,  1930;  from  same  host,  San  Remo,  south  of 
Carmel,  March  30,  1931 ;  from  same  host,  sand  dunes  San 
Francisco,  April  3,  1931 ;  from  same  host.  Rock  Creek,  north- 
west of  Bishop,  June  19,  1931.  Adults  only:  from  Sali.r,  Don- 
ner  Pass,  Placer  County.  July  16,  1929;  from  same  host,  Cor- 
ral Hollow,  southwest  of  Tracy,  November  30,  1929;  from 
same  host,  lower  Kern  River  Canyon,  west  of  Bodfish,  June  19, 
19  U  ;  from  Baccharis  I'iniinca,  Corral  Hollow,  November  4, 
1929  (Annand)  ;  from  pear  trees,  Andrus  Island,  Sacramento 
County,  April,  1931  (Keifer)  ;  from  same  host,  Kelseyville, 
April  8,  1931  (Keifer).  UTAH. — Adults  only:  from  willow, 
Hooper,  October  14,  1927  (Pack:  Knowlton). 
Hosts  :  Sali.r  spp.  Nominal  Hosts  :  Baccharis  vinunca,  pear. 
Biology  similar  to  that  of  species. 

PSYLLIA   MAGNICAUDA   Crawford.     CALIFORNIA. — Adults   and 
nymphs  ( ?)  :  from  Primus  sp.,  Rock  Creek  Gorge,  northwest- 
of  Bishop,  June  19,  1931. 
Host :     Prunus  sp.  (  ?) 


xliii,   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

A  number  of  nymphs  were  taken  with  the  adults  from  the 
same  plants.  These  nymphs  may  not  be  those  of  this  particular 
species,  inasmuch  as  they  are  very  distinctly  tn'ocinc  in  form, 
superficially  resembling  those  of  Triosa  inanra  in  structure  and 
habit.  This  situation  is  especially  interesting  because  of  the 
great  number  of  adults  of  P.  inac/nicaiida  found  on  several 
plants  from  which  only  this  species  was  taken  with  the  nymphs. 

PSYLLIA    STRIATA    Patch.      CALIFORNIA. — Adults    only,    from 
Bctula  fontanalis.  Rock  Creek,  northwest  of  Bishop,  June  19, 
1931.      NOVA    SCOTIA. — Adults    only:     from    unknown    host, 
King's  County,  June,  1924  (McLellan). 
Host:    Bctula.     Nominal  Host :     Corylus  rostrata? 

According  to  Miss  Patch,  the  nymphs  are  found  on  the  leaves 
and  terminal  leaves  and  shoots  of  Bctula.  The  nymphs  cover 
themselves  with  inconspicuous  wax.  The  adults  emerge  late  in 
June  in  Maine. 

PSYLLIA  BREVISTIGMATA  Patch.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs:  from  Ccrcocarfms,  Santa  Lucia  Mountains,  April  15, 
1923  (Ferris)  ;  from  same  host,  Rock  Creek,  northwest  of 
Bishop,  June  19,  1931  ;  from  C.  bctitloidcs,  Stanford  Univer- 
sity, April  10,  1930  (Duncan),  Nymphs  only:  from  same  host, 
south  of  Tehachapi,  Kern  County,  April  13,  1930. 

NEVADA. — Adults  and  nymphs :   from   C.  Icdifolius,  Zephyr 
Point,  Lake  Tahoe,  July  16,  1929.     Adults  only:  from  Jnncns, 
Spooner,  Tahoe-Carson  City  Road,  July  16,  1929. 
Hosts :      Ccrcocarpus   bctuloidcs   and   C.   Icdifolius.      Nominal 
Host :     C.  parvifloms. 

This  species  has  been  found  wherever  an  effort  has  been  made 
to  find  it  on  Cercocurpus,  but  it  is  not  known  to  ever  occur  in 
abundance.  The  nymphs  occur  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  leave-. 
The  wax  secretion  produced  is  given  off  in  the  form  of  long, 
straight,  transparent,  and  somewhat  glistening  brownish  threads. 
These  threads  do  not  intermingle  to  form  a  cottony  wax. 

PSYLLIA  FLOCCOSA  Patch.     NOVA  SCOTIA. — Adults  only:  from 
.Units,  no  date  (W.  H.  Brittain). 
Host:     Ahms. 

According  to  Miss  Patch,  the  nymphs  appear  early  in  the 
spring,  when  they  are  found  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  leaves. 
They  produce  an  abundance  of  white,  flocculent  wax. 


74  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

PSYLLIA  ASTIGMATA  Crawford.  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and 
nymphs :  from  Prunus  emarginata,  Rock  Creek,  northwest  of 
Bishop,  June  19,  1931.  Nymphs  only:  from  same  host,  Cha- 
goopa  Creek,  southern  Sierra  Nevada,  7000  feet,  June  21,  1923 
(Ferris)  ;  from  Prunus,  Donner  Pass,  Placer  County,  July  16, 
1929;  from  P.  emarginata,  General  Grant  National  Park,  July 
12,  1930.  NOVA  SCOTIA. — Adults  and  nymphs:  from  unknown 
host,  no  date  (W.  H.  Brittain). 
Host :  Prunus  emarginata.  Nominal  Host :  P.  demissa. 

This  species  frequently  becomes  excessively  abundant.  The 
nymphs  produce  large  amounts  of  floss-like,  cottony  wax.  They 
usually  occur  on  the  ventral  side  of  the  leaves  but  in  severe 
attacks  they  are  found  on  the  petioles,  smaller  branches,  flowers 
and  fruit,  moving  about  freely  and  carrying  their  wax  secre- 
tion, plume-like,  about  with  them.  Even  in  cases  of  very  abun- 
dant attack  the  host  does  not  seem  to  suffer  any  serious  loss  of 
vitality.  The  nymphs  of  this  species  superficially  resemble 
those  of  Psyllia  mail. 

PSYLLIA  TRIMACULATA  Crawford.     NEW  YORK. — Adults  only: 
from  Prunus,  Cranberry  Lake,  1925  (W.  H.  Brittain). 
Host:     Unknown.     Nominal  Host:     Prunus. 
PSYLLIA   ALNI   AMERICANA   Crawford.      CALIFORNIA. — Adults 
and  nymphs :  from  Alnus  rhombifolia,  San  Francisquito  Creek, 
Stanford  University,   May  3  and  June  20,    1929;   from  same 
host,  southern  end  of  Lake  Tahoe,  July  15,  1929;  from  same 
host,   Smith   Creek,   Mount   Hamilton    Road,    April    18,    1931 ; 
from  same  host,  Placerville,  July  15,  1929.     Adults  only:  from 
unknown   host,    Placerville,    no   date    (E.    O.    Essig:    Keifer). 
IDAHO. — Adults  only :  from  unknown  host,  Alturas  Lake,  Stan- 
ley Basin,  July   19,   1930  (Annand).     WASHINGTON. — Adults 
and  nymphs:   from  Alnus,  Cathlamet,  August  7,   1923   (Dun- 
can). 
Host:    Alnus  rhombifolia. 

The  nymphs  occur,  sometimes  in  exceedingly  great  abun- 
dance, on  the  younger  leaves  and  smaller  branches  early  in 
spring.  They  are  usually  conspicuous  because  of  the  vast 
amounts  of  white  wax  secretion,  which  may  sometimes  com- 
pletely cover  the  leaves.  Alder  trees  at  the  south  end  of  Lake 
Tahoe  and  at  Bass  Lake,  Madera  County,  California,  were 
defoliated  to  a  considerable  degree,  apparently  by  the  chermid. 


xliii,   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  75 

PSYLLIA  BUXI  (L.)  CALIFORNIA. — Adults  and  nymphs:  from 
Buxus,  San  Jose,  June  12,  1920  (R.  D.  Hartman)  ;  from  B. 
scnif>cK'ircns,  North  Clarmont  Street,  San  Mateo,  May  5,  1929; 
same  host,  North  Eldorado  Street,  San  Mateo,  May  10,  1929; 
from  same  host,  Ellsworth  Avenue,  San  Mateo,  June  30,  1931. 
Nymphs  only :  from  same  host,  North  Clarmont  Street,  San 
Mateo,  April  15,  1929;  from  same  host,  Parrott  Estate,  San 
Mateo,  May  18,  1929. 
Host :  Bu.i'us  scmpcruircns. 

The  nymphs  attack  the  young  terminal  leaves  causing  them 
to  curl  into  a  loosely  cabbage-like  growth.  In  severe  infesta- 
tions, which  apparently  are  not  uncommon,  these  growths  con- 
siderably impair  the  beauty  of  the  plants. 

PSYLLIA  CAUDATA  Crawford.     IDAHO. — Adults  only :  from  un- 
known host,  Alturas  Lake,  Stanley  Basin,  July  19,  1930  (An- 
nand). 
Host:     Unknown.     Nominal  Host:     Alnits  tcnuifolia. 


Cordylura  tricincta  Loew,  a  Leaf-miner  on  Smilacina 
racemosa  (L)  Desf.  (Dipt. :  Scatophagidae). 

By  S.  W.  FROST,  The  Pennsylvania  State  College. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  writer  has  noticed  mines  on  the 
leaves  of  Smilacina  racemosa.  In  1924, 1  he  recorded  the  leaf- 
miner  as  an  undetermined  species  of  Diptera.  In  1928, 2  the 
same  miner  was  noted,  its  habits  briefly  summarized  and  the 
mine  figured.  At  this  time,  adults  had  not  been  reared  and  it 
was  thought  to  be  a  species  of  Parallelomma.  Later  an  adult 
emerged  and  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson  determined  it  as  Hc.vamitoccra 
flarida  Coq.  Mr.  C.  H.  Curran  has  recently  studied  the  types 
of  this  subfamily  and  states  that  H.  flavida  Coq.,  is  a  synonym 
of  Cordylura  tricincta.  Loew. 

Cordylura  tricincta  Loew,  appears  to  be  somewhat  rare  in 
collections.  It  was  originally  described  by  Loew  3  as  Cocnosia 
tricincta  from  the  White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire.  As 
Hcxamitoccra  flavida,  Coquillett 5  recorded  it  from  Franconia, 
N.  H.  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson  took  one  specimen  at  Caroline,  New 
York,  from  which  the  record  in  the  "List  of  Insects  of  New 
York"4  was  obtained.  In  the  National  Museum,  there  is  one 
specimen,  besides  the  type,  collected  by  Dr.  J.  M.  Aldrich 
from  Moscow,  Idaho.  Mr.  C.  W.  Johnson  G  took  it  at  East- 
port,  Maine,  and  he  has  a  specimen  taken  by  Dr.  C.  P.  Alex- 
ander at  Orono,  Maine.  The  writer  has  found  the  mines  of 


76  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

this  species  fairly  common  at  Ithaca  and  Florida,  N.  Y.,  and 
Arendtsville,  Pa. 

Egg.  The  egg  is  pure  white  and  always  laid  at  the  base  and 
on  the  under  surface  of  the  leaf.  It  is  about  1  mm.  long  and 
.5  mm.  in  diameter,  somewhat  larger  than  most  leaf -mining 
eggs  with  the  exception  of  the  Anthomyiidae,  and  strikingly 
conspicuous  against  the  green  color  of  the  leaf.  It  is  distinctly 
different  from  the  eggs  of  any  of  the  other  North  American 
leaf-mining  insects.  In  cross  section,  an  egg  shows  a  central 
rounded  portion  with  two  lateral  wing-like  expansions  which, 
in  the  plump  newly  laid  egg,  are  folded  over  the  egg  and  nearly 
meet  down  the  center.  After  the  egg  hatches,  the  egg  shell 
shrivels  and  the  lateral  expansions  spread  so  that  the  egg  has 
three  longitudinal  ribs. 

Larva.  There  is  nothing  paricularly  striking  about  the  larva. 
It  is  elongate  and  resembles,  superficially,  an  Anthomyid  larva, 
especially  Hylcmyia.  The  anterior  spiracles  are  fan-shaped 
with  twelve  lobes,  (Frost1  Plate  XII,  fig.  13).  The  interseg- 
mental  areas  are  thickly  beset  with  six  or  eight  rows  of  ambu- 
latory setae.  The  posterior  spiracles  each  have  three  openings, 
(Frost1  Plate  XI,  fig.  17).  Surrounding  the  posterior  spir- 
acles is  a  circle  of  eight  rather  prominent  fleshy  tubercles. 
Puparium.  The  puparium  is  elongate,  chestnut  brown  in  color 
with  distinctly  protruding  spiracles  and  with  a  circle  of  prom- 
inent tubercles  as  in  the  larva.  The  anterior  end  of  the  larva 
is  somewhat  truncate  on  the  dorsal  and  ventral  sides. 

Mine.  The  larva,  on  hatching,  enters  directly  into  the  leaf  and 
starts  mining.  The  mine  is  confined,  more  or  less,  between 
the  parallel  veins  of  the  leaf  which  are  broadly  spaced.  An 
elongate  blotch  mine  is  produced  from  the  base  towards  the  tip 
of  the  leaf.  Usually  but  one  mine  occurs  on  a  leaf  although 
sometimes  two  eggs  are  laid  side  by  side  and  the  larvae  from 
these  eggs  produce  a  common  mine.  In  mining,  the  parenchyma 
and  palisade  cells  are  entirely  removed  leaving  only  the  upper 
and  lower  epidermis.  The  fresh  mine  is  pale  green  or  white 
in  color.  Later  the  mine  turns  brown  or  red  along  the  edges. 

Host  plant.  Cordylura  tricincta  has  been  reared  only  from 
false  Solomon's  seal,  Smilacina  raccmosa.  Similar  eggs  and 
mines  have  been  found  on  Polvgonatmn  comnmtatum.  As  the 
eggs  on  the  latter  plant  are  invariably  laid  upon  the  upper  sur- 
face of  the  leaves,  there  is  no  doubt  that  a  closely  related 
species  is  envolved. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  77 

Adult.  Some  difficulty  was  experienced  in  rearing  adults  of 
Cordylnra  iricincta.  Tenanted  mines  were  fairly  common  in 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania  where  Smilacina  racemosa  grew, 
larvae  matured  freely  in  the  mines  and  puparia  were  obtined  in 
considerable  numbers,  but  it  was  found  difficult  to  secure  adults 
from  these  puparia.  The  pupal  period  is  long  and  it  is  not 
easy  to  maintain  satisfactory  temperature  and  humidity  during 
this  long  period  to  assure  a  fair  emergence  of  adults.  Larvae 
that  transformed  June  30,  1927,  did  not  emerge  until  May  1, 
1928.  There  is  obviously  only  one  generation  a  year.  The 
adults  are  most  active  during  May  and  June. 

REFERENCES  CITED. 

1.  FROST,  S.  W,  Cornell  Memoir  78:  128,  1924. 

2.  NEEDHAM,  J.   G.,   &   FROST,   S.   W.     Leaf-mining  insects : 

269-270,  1928. 

3.  LOEW,  H.    Cent.  IX.  Berlin,  ent.  Zeit.  9:  83,  1865. 

4.  LEONARD,  M.  D.     Cornell  Memoir  101  :  841,  1926 

5.  COQUILLETT,  D.  W.    Proc.  U.  S.  N.  Mus.  23:  612,  1900. 

6.  JOHNSON,  C.  W.     Dip.  New  Eng. :  240,  1925. 

An  Additional  Record  for  Dynastes  tityus  in 
Pennsylvania  (Coleop. :  Scarabaeidae). 

[Mr.  Samuel  Henshaw  has  kindly  sent  me  the  following 
information  concerning  this  species  from  Asa  Fitch's  manu- 
script notes.  See  the  NEWS,  xli,  pp.  195,  305,  1930.  P.  P. 
CALVERT.  ] 

Fitch's  manuscript  notes  were  acquired  by  Mr.  Scudder,  who 
later  gave  them  to  me  when  I  was  connected  with  the  Boston 
Society  of  Natural  History.  I  planned  having  them  bound 
and  giving  them  to  the  Society,  as  Mr.  Scudder  left  his  library 
to  the  Society.  They  are  on  loose  sheets  and  not  easily  or 
inexpensively  bound  and  save  for  two  or  three  small  volumes 
given  to  the  Society  in  his  name  many  years  ago,  I  have  them 
still. 

Fitch's  records  are : 

"Date  and  Situation 

$    3360  July   1847  from  Thaddeus  A.  Culbertson,  Chambers- 
burgh,   Pa. 

9  6077  July  1852  from  Wm.  S.  Robertson,  Tallahassie,  Ark. 
$  1123  July  1855  from  Wm.  S.  Robertson.  Tallahassie,  Ark 
9  1201  July  1852  from  Sara  S.  |  ?|  Fitch.  Jackson,  Mi. 

SAMUEL  HENSHAW. 


78  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA   S.   MACKEY   UNDER   THE  SUPERVISION  OP 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also.  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

StSTNote  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Papers  published   in   the  Entomological  News  are   not  listed. 

GENERAL. — Arnhart,  L. — Ein  einfachster  mikrophoto- 
graphischer  Reiseapparat.  [56]  10:  286-289,  ill.  Common 
names  of  insects  approved  for  general  use  by  The  Ameri- 
can Association  of  Economic  Entomologists.  [12]  24:  1273- 
1310.  Davis,  A.  C. — California  collecting  notes  II.  [19] 
26:  187-188.  Dustan,  G.  G. — A  handy  type  of  oviposition 
cage.  [4]  63:  273-275,  ill.  Emery,  C.— Obituary.  [5]  33: 
171.  Ewing,  H.  E. — The  relative  importance  of  Amphi- 
bians, reptiles,  birds  and  mammals  as  hosts  for  chiggers 
and  other  ectoparasites.  [7]  24:  746-750,  ill.  Forel,  A.- 
Obituary.  By  R.  Brun.  [Mitt.  Deutschen  Ent.  Gesell.]  2: 
129-136,  ill.  "  Forel,  A.— Obituary.  By  H.  Donisthorpe. 
[21]  43:  176.  Hentz,  N.  M.— Obituary.  By  C.  Cobb. 
[Jour.  E.  Mitchell  Sc.  Soc.]  47:  47-51,  ill.  Mann,  B.  P.- 
Obituary.  [5]  33:  .172,  ill.  Palmer,  E.  L.— Fall  insects. 
[Cornell  Rural'  School  Leaflet]  25:  43  pp.,  ill.  Prout,  L.  B. 
—Generic  names  and  genera.  [9]  65:  8-9.  Waterhouse, 
G.  A.— Butterflies  and  ants.  [Australian  Mus.  Mag.]  4:  219- 
226,  ill. 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,   ETC.— Abbott,   C.    E.- 

Methods  of  orientation  in  dragonfly  larvae.  [5]  33:  124-126 
Barnes,  T.  C. — Kinesthetic  sense  of  insects.  [7]  24:  824- 
826.  Bito,  S. — The  influence  of  food  upon  the  nutrition  of 
insects.  (Japanese,  resume  in  English.)  [Bui.  Sci.  Kjusu 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Imp.  Univ.,  Japanujo]  4:  489-498,  ill.     Braun,  F.— Beitrage 
zur  biologic  und  atmungsphysiologie  der  Argyroneta  aqua- 
tica.     [89]    62:     175-262,    ill'      Eltringham,    H.— On    some 
peculiarities    of    the    abdominal    structure    in    certain    male 
Trichoptera.  [36]  69:  539-544,  ill.     Eltringham,  H.— On  the 
structure    of    the    compound    eye    of    Aleurodes    brassicae. 
[36]   69:  431-435,  ill.     Friederichs,  H.  F.— Die  funktionen 
der    Ocellen    bei    den    Lepidopteren.    [18]    25:    326-332,    ill. 
Green,  T.  L. — The  anatomy  and  histology  of  the  alimentary 
canal   in   the   common   wasp    (Yespa  vulgaris).    [93]    1931: 
1041-1066,  ill.     Griswold,  G.  H.— On  the  length  of  the  adult 
life    in    the    webbing    clothes    moth,    Tineola    biselliella.       [7] 
24:  761-764,  ill.     Hamilton,  M.  A.— The  morphology  of  the 
water-scorpion.   [93]   1931:  1067-1136,  ill.     Hilton,  W.  A.- 
Nervous    system    and    sense    organs.      Pseudoscorpionida. 
[13]    23:   67-75,   ill.      Holloway,   J.    K.— Temperature   as   a 
factor    in    the    activity    and    development    of    the    Chinese 
strain  of  Tiphia  popilliavora  in  New  Jersey  and  Pennsyl- 
vania.   [6]    39:    555-564,    ill.      Klyver/F.    D.— Preliminary 
note    on    paedogenesis    in    a    cecidomyiid.     [55]     8:    9-10. 
Mangelsdorf,  A.  J. — Color  and  sex  in   the  Indian   walking 
stick,  Dixippus  morosus.   [5]  33:  151-155.     Maulik,  S. — On 
the  structure  of  larvae  of  Hispine  beetles.   [93]   1931:  1137- 
1162,    ill.      McGovran,    E.    R. — A    method    of    measuring 
tracheal   ventilation   in    insects   and   some   results   obtained 
with  grasshoppers.  [7]  24:  751-761.     Paterson,  N.  F. — The 
bionomics  and  comparative  morphology  of  the  early  stages 
of   certain    Chrysomelidae    (Phytophaga).    [93]    1931:   879- 
949,  ill.     Salem,  H.  H. — Some  observations  on  the  structure 
of  the  mouth  parts  and  fore-intestine  of  the  fourth  stage 
larva    of    Aedes    (Stegomyia)    fasciata.    [An.    Trop.    Med. 
Parasit.,  Liverpool]  25:  393-419,  ill.     Semichon,  L.— Modi- 
fications   precoces    des    reserves,    avant    la    metamorphose 
chez    un    Hymenoptere :    Dasypoda    plumipes.     [77|     108: 
1140-1141.     Tanaka  &  Hino. — Variations  of  tactile  papillae 
and  sensory  hairs  of  the  larval  antennae  of  Bombyx  mori. 
(Japanese,    resume    in    English.)       [Bui.    Sci.    Kjusu    Imp. 
Univ.,  Japanujo]   4:  570-580,  ill.     Thorpe,  W.  ^--Experi- 
ments  upon   respiration   in   the   larvae   of   certain   parasitic 
hymenoptera.      [Pro.    R.  Soc.,    London]     109:    450-471,    ill 
Yeager,    J.    F. — Observations   on    crop    and    giz/ard    move- 
ments   in    the    cockroach,    Periplaneta    fulginosa.     [7]     24: 
739-745. 

..ARACHNIDA   AND    MYRIOPODA.— *Chamberlin,   J. 
C. — A  synoptic  revision  of  the  generic  classification  of  the 


80  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

Chelonethid  family  Cheliferidae.  [4]  63:  289-294.  Hoff- 
mann, C.  C. — Los  Scorpiones  de  Mexico.  Part  1.  [An. 
Inst.  Biol.,  Mexico]  2:  291-409,  ill.  *McGregor,  E.  A.— A 
new  spinning  mite  attacking  raspberry  in  Michigan.  [10] 
33:  193-194,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— *Hilton, 
W.  A. — Pauropoda  from  Alaska  and  the  Yukon.  [4]  63: 
280-284.  *Hood,  J.  D.— Notes  on  New  York  Thysanop- 
tera,  with  descriptions  of  new  genera  and  species.  (S). 
[19]  26:  151-168,  ill.  *Klyver,  F.  D.— New  records  and 
two  new  species  of  Chermidae  from  British  Columbia  and 
Washington,  with  biological  notes.  [55]  8:  11-17,  ill.  Light, 
S.  F.— The  termites  of  Nevada.  [55]  8:  5-9.  *McDun- 
nough,  J. — New  North  American  Caeninae  with  notes 
(Ephemeroptera).  [4]  63:  254-268,  ill.  *Mosely,  M.  E.- 
Some  new  Trichoptera  from  Africa  and  British  Guiana. 
[36]  69:  545-551,  ill.  *Navas,  R.  P.  L—  Decadas  de  in- 
sectos  nuevos.  (S).  [Rev.  Acad.  Cien.,  Madrid]  26:  60-118, 
ill.  *Smith,  R.  C.— The  Neuroptera  of  Haiti,  West  Indies. 
[7]  24:  798-823,  ill.  Tillyard,  R.  J.— Kansas  permian  in- 
sects. Part  15.  The  order  Plectoptera.  [16]  23:  97-134,  ill., 
cont.  Traver,  J.  R. — Mayflies  of  North  Carolina.  [Jour.  E. 
Mitchell  Sc.  Soc.]  47:  85-161,  ill.  Watson,  J.  R.— A  col- 
lection of  Thysanoptera  from  western  Oklahoma.  [Biol. 
Surv.  Univ.  Oklahoma]  3:  339-345,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Beamer,  R.  H.— The  giant  walking- 
stick  (Megaphasma  dentricus)  found  in  Kansas.  [103]  5: 
28.  Fulton,  B.  B. — North  Carolina's  singing  Orthoptera. 
[Jour.  E.  Mitchell  Sc.  Soc.]  47:  55-69.  *Hebard,  M.— Die 
ausbeute  der  dentschen  Chaco  Expedition  1925-26. — Orth- 
optera. [56]  10:  257-285,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— *Barber,  H.  G.— A  new  Oncerotrach- 
elus  from  Cuba  (Reduviidae).  [19]  26:  185-186.  *Beamer, 
R.  H. — Some  Erythroneura  (grape  leaf  hoppers)  of  the 
Maculata  group  (Cicadellidae).  [4]  63:  268-270,  cont. 
Bibby,  F.  F. — Coccoids  collected  on  wild  plants  in  semi- 
arid  regions  of  Texas  and  Mexico.  |6]  39:  587-591,  ill. 
Bibby,  F.  F. — Coccoids  collected  on  wild  plants  in  semi- 
arid  regions  of  Texas  and  Mexico.  [19]  26:  189-194. 
*Drake  &  Harris. — Further  notes  on  the  genus  Rhago- 
velia.  Veliidae.  [55]  6-:  33-35.  Essig,  E.  6.— The  negro 
scale  in  California.  [55]  6:  36.  Essig,  E.  O. — Note  on  the 
redwood  scale.  [55]  6:  48.  *Evans,  J.  H.— A  preliminary 
revision  of  the  Ambush  bugs  of  North  America  (Phyma- 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  81 

tidae).  [7]  24:  711-738,  ill.  Evans,  J.  W.— Notes  on  the 
biology  and  morphology  of  the  Eurymelinae  (Cicadel- 
loidea).  [Pro.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  W.]  56:' 210-226,  ill.  *Gil- 
lette  &  Palmer.— The  aphidae  of  Colorado.  [7]  24:  827- 
934,  ill.  Coding,  F.  W. — Synonymical  notes  on  Membra- 
cidae.  II.  [7]  24:  935-936,  "ill.  '"Harris,  H.  M.— Nabidae 
from  the  state  of  Parana.  [An.  Mus.  Zool.  Polonici]  9: 
179-185.  *Knight,  H.  H.— Three  new  species  of  Cyrtor- 
hinus  from  North  America  (Miridae).  [19]  26:  1/1-173. 
*Knight,  H.  H. — Descriptions  of  four  new  species  of  Eus- 
tictus  (Miridae).  [5]  33:  121-123.  *Lawson,  P.  B.— The 
genus  Alapus  (Cicadellidae).  [103]  5:  29-31.  *Mendes, 
L.  O.  T. — Uma  nova  especie  do  genero  Eucalymnatus  (Coc- 
cidae).  (S).  [Revista  Ent.]  1:  395-400.  Myers,  J.  G.- 
Heteroptera  in  ocean  drift.  [5]  33:  110-115.  Osborn,  H.— 
Early  work  and  workers  in  American  Hemipterology.  [7] 
24 :_ 679-685.  Pickles,  A.— A  description  of  Tomaspis  bod- 
kini,  (Cercopidae)  from  British  Guiana.  [Stylops]  1:  14- 
15,  ill.  de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R.— Biting  bugs.  [19]  26: 
176. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— *Bell,  E.  L.— Descriptions  of  new 
Hesperidae  from  Trinidad,  B.  W.  I.,  and  South  America. 
[6]  39:  523-529,  ill.  Cockayne,  E.  A. — A  structural  char- 
acter of  the  larval  cuticle  and  its  possible  bearing  on  the 
classification  of  the  Noctuidae.  [21]  43:  182-184.  Cockerell, 
T.  D.  A.— Melemaea  magdalena.  [5]  33:  170.  Cottle,  J.  E. 

-Where  some  rare  butterflies  fly.  [55]  8:  1-4.   *Draudt,  M. 

-Ein  neuer  schmetterling  aus  Peru.  [°17]  49:  1-3,  ill. 
*Ferreira  d'Almeida,  R. — Bemerkungen  iiber  einige  schmet- 
terlinge  aus  Brasilien.  [14]  45:  232-235,  ill.  Fryer,  J.  C.  F. 

-Lepidoptera  at  sea.  [8]  67:  279-280.  *Heinrich,  C.— A 
new  pine  moth  from  Connecticut.  [10]  33:  196-197.  Hem- 
ming, A.  F. — New  material  regarding  the  dates  of  the 
plates  of  the  Papiliones  in  Jacob  Hiibner's  "Sammlung 
Europaischer  Schmetterlinge",  with  notes  on  the  syno- 
nymy and  type  localities  of  certain  species  described  there- 
in. [36]  69:  493-504.  Hemming,  A.  F. — Notes  on  the  date 
of  issue  of  the  parts  of  Volume  I  of  W.  H.  Edwards'  Butter- 
flies of  North  America  and  on  the  plates  by  Wiest  in  that 
work  subsequently  rejected  by  the  author.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc. 
London]  6:  42-44.  Issiki,  S.  T. — On  the  morphology  and 
systematics  of  Micropterygidae  (Homoneura)  of  Japan  and 
Formosa,  with  some  considerations  on  the  Australian, 
European,  and  North  American  forms.  [93]  1931:  999- 
1039,  ill.  Janse,  A.  J.  T. — A  contribution  towards  the  study 


82  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

of  the  genera  of  the  Epipaschiinae  (Pyralidae).  [36]  69: 
439-492,  ill.  Jordan,  K. — Botl.  sexes  of  Papilio  aristor  from 
San  Domingo.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  62.  Kaye,  W.  J. 

—Additions  and  corrections  to  the  author's  "Butterflies  of 
Jamaica  (1926)".  [36]  69:  531-537,  ill.  Knobel,  L.— Argyn- 
nis  diana  as  observed  about  Hope,  Arkansas.  [19]  26:  184. 
Kremky,  J. — Neotropische  lepidopteren  aus  der  unter- 
familie  Pericopsinae  (Arctiidae)  in  der  sammlung  des  Pol- 
nischen  Zoologischen  Staatsmuseums.  [An.  Mus.  Zool. 
Polonici]  9:  167-178,  ill.  *Michael,  O. — Neue  oder  wenig 
bekannte  Agriasaberrationen  vom  Amazonas.  [14]  45: 
262-263,  cont.  *Rawson,  G.  W. — The  addition  of  a  new 
skipper,  Adopaea  lineola  to  the  list  of  U.  S.  Lepidoptera. 

[6]  39:  503-506.  *R6ber,  J.— Ueber  einige  falter.  (S).  [18] 
25 :  337-338,  ill.  Rogers,  W.  P. — Notes  on  Eurymus  eury- 
theme.  [19]  26:  188. 

DIPTERA.-— *Aldrich,  J.  M.— North  American  two- 
winged  flies  of  the  genus  Spathimeigenia,  with  descriptions 
of  five  new  species.  [50]  80,  Art.  11:  10  pp.  *Alexander, 
C.  P. — New  or  insufficiently-known  crane-flies  from  the 
Nearctic  region  (Tipulidae).  Part  III.  [19]  26:  177-184. 
*Bequaert,  J. — Tabanidae  of  the  peninsula  of  Yucatan, 
Mexico,  with  descriptions  of  new  species.  [6]  39:  533-553, 
ill.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — The  type  locality  of  Diastata  albi- 
basis.  [10]  33:  202.  *Curran,  C.  H.— Some  new  North 
American  Diptera.  (S).  [4]  63:  249-254.  Edwards,  F.  W- 
Meigen's  "Nouvelle  Classification".  [8]  68:  1-3;  [9]  65: 
13-14.  *Frost,  S.  W. — New  North  American  Agromyzidae. 
[4]  63:  275-277.  Hobby,  B.  M.— The  prey  of  dung-flies 
(Cordyluridae).  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  47-49.  *John- 
son,  C.  W.— A  note  on  Beris  annulifera.  [5]  33:  108-109. 
*Krober,  O. — Neue  neotropische  Tabaniden  aus  den  unter- 
familien  Bellardiinae  und  Tabaninae.  [Revista  Ent.]  1: 
400-417,  ill.  *Krober,  O. — Dreizehn  neue  neotropische 
Tabanusarten.  [56]  10:  291-300.  *Rogers,  J.  S.— Notes  on 
a  small  collection  of  crane-flies  from  Oklahoma,  with 
descriptions  of  new  species:  Tipulidae.  [Biol.  Surv.  Univ. 
Oklahoma]  3:  331-338,  ill.  Townsend,  C.  H.  T.— On 
Neivamyia  and  its  allies.  [Revista  Ent.]  1  :  479-482.  Twinn, 
C.  R. — Note  on  the  biting  midge,  Culicoides  obsoletus  in 
Eastern  Canada.  [4]  63:  248.  *Van  Duzee,  M.  C.— A 
new  species  of  Dolichopodidae  from  Java,  in  the  collec- 
tion of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences.  [55]  6:  17-18. 
*Van  Duzee,  M.  C. — A  new  species  of  Physocephala  from 
Ontario,  Canada.  (Conopidae).  [4]  63:  284. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  83 

COLEOPTERA.— *Bierig,  A.— Neue  Staphyliniden  aus 
Cuba  and  Panama  nebst  erganzenden  beschreibungen  und 
systematischer  berichtigung.  [Revista  Ent.]  1:  423-428, 
ill.  Blackwelder,  R.  E. — The  Sphaeridiinae  of  the  Pacific 
Coast.  (Hydrophilidae).  [55]  6:  19-32.  *Blaisdell,  F.  E. 

—Studies  in  the  Tenebrionidae.  Number  three  [55] 
6:  41-46.  Bondar,  G.  --Notas  biologicas  sobre  alguns 
Bruchideos  brasileiros  do  genero  Pseudopachymerus. 
[Revista  Ent.]  1:  417-422,  ill.  *Borgmeier,  T. — Uma  nova 
especie  de  Cenocoelius  (Braconidae)  parasita  de  Oncideres 
dejeani  (Cerambycidae).  (S).  [Revista  Ent.]  431-436,  ill. 
*Bruch,  C. — Algunos  mirmecofilos  y  termitofilos  nuevos  y 
poco  conocidos  de  la  Argentina.  [Revista  Ent.]  1:  387-395. 
ill.  *Chamberlin,  W.  J. — A  new  species  of  Buprestidae 
from  California.  [55]  6:  47-48.  da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Coc- 
cinellideos  mycophagos  (Coccinellinae :  Psylloborini).  [Re- 
vista Ent.]  1:  428-430,  ill.  *Fisher,  W.  S.— New  cactus 
beetles,  III.  (S).  [10]  33:  197-201.  Gebhardt,  A.  V.— Zur 
eidonomie  der  Buprestiden.  [79]  17:  161-172,  ill.  Heuer,  A. 

-Einige  winke  fiir  die  aufzucht  von  kafern.  [18]  25:  394- 
396.  Knaus,  W. — Some  notes  on  Coleoptera.  [103]  5:  32. 
*Linsley,  E.  G. — A  new  species  of  Molorchus  from  Cali- 
fornia. (Cerambycidae.)  [55]  6:  37-38.  Mader,  L. — Zur 
kenntnis  einiger  Coccinelliden.  [26]  11:  476-479,  ill.,  cont. 
Mathers,  W.  G. — The  biology  of  Canadian  barkbeetles. 
The  seasonal  history  of  Dryocoetes  confusus.  [4]  63 :  247- 
248.  *Nevermann,  F. — Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  Tele- 
phanus  (Cucujidae).  (S).  [60]  92:  161-187,  ill.  *Ohaus,  E. 

-Neue  Geniatinen  IV.  (S).  [60]  92:  227-258,  ill.  Plavil- 
stshikov,  N.  N. — Synonymische  bemerkungen  iiber  Ceram- 
byciden.  [79]  17:  195-203.  *Schaeffer,  C.— On  a  few  new 
and  known  Coleoptera.  [19]  26:  174-176.  Simonds,  W.  E. 

-Preliminary  list  of  Curculionidae  of  Southern  California 
with  ecological  notes.  [13]  23:  61-63.  Smith,  H.  B. — Notes 
on  the  behavior  of  Dineutes  americanus.  [5]  33:  156-161. 
Staig,  R.  A. — The  Fabrician  types  of  insects  in  the  Hun- 
terian  Collection  at  Glasgow  University.  Coleoptera  Pt.  I. 
Cambridge  1931.  110  pp.,  col.  pis.  *Thery,  A. — Description 
d'un  Conognatha  nouveau  [Buprestidae].  (S).  [25]  1931: 
255-256,  ill.  Uhmann,  E. — Hispinen  aus  den  Museen  fiir 
tierkunde  und  volkerkunde  zu  Dresden.  |60]  92:  219-226. 
(S). 

HYMENOPTERA.— Alfken,  J.  D.— Kin  weiterer  bei- 
trag  zur  kenntnis  chilenischen  arten  der  bienengattung 
Corynura.  [60]  92:  211-218.  Andrews,  E.  A.— An  ant  hill. 
[76 J'  1932:  97-114,  ill.  Andrews,  E.  A.— Sequential  dis- 


84  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Mar.,  '32 

tribution  of  Formica  exsectoides.  [5]  33:  127-150,  ill.  *Be- 
quaert  &  Salt. — New  West  Indian  Diploptera.  [7]  24:  765- 
797.  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — A  peculiar  pangurgine  bee  from 
Arizona.  [10]  33:  201-202.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Scrapter, 
A  misunderstood  genus  of  bees.  [9]  65:  10-12.  *Cockerell, 
T.  D.  A. — Two  genera  of  bees  new  to  the  recorded  fauna 
of  Nova  Scotia.  [4]  63:  279.  Cole,  A.  C— The  ant,  Pogo- 
nomyrmex  occidentalis,  associated  with  plant  communities. 
[43]  32:  10-20,  ill.  Fernald,  H.  T.— On  color  dimorphism 
in  Podalonia  violaceipennis  (Sphecini).  [4]  63:  278-279. 
*Ferriere,  C. — Un  curieux  Chalcidien  myrmecophile  de 
Cuba.  [25]  1931:  215-219,  ill.  *Friese,  H.— Ueber  Bombus 
und  Psithyrus.  [56]  10:  300-304.  (S).  Raskins,  C.  P.- 
Notes  on  the  biology  and  social  life  of  Euponera  gilva  var. 
harnecli.  [6]  39:  507-521.  Haupt,  H. — Ableitung  und  ben- 
ennung  des  flugelgeaders  bei  den  aculeaten  Hymenopteren. 
[Mitt.  Deut.  Ent.  Gesell.]  2:  118-126.  ill.  *Mann,  W.  M.- 
Some  new  neotropical  ants.  [5]  33:  97-107,  ill.  *Menozzi, 
C. — Qualche  nuova  Formica  di  Costa  Rica.  [60]  92:  188- 
202,  ill.  *Mitchell,  T.  B.— On  the  Megachile  of  South 
Dakota.  [5]  33:  162-167.  Morrill,  A.  W.— A  discussion  of 
Smith  and  Flanders'  Trichogramma  fad  query.  [12]  24: 
1264-1273.  Robertson,  C. — Phenology  of  inquiline  and 
nest-making  bees.  [5]  33:  116-120.  Scott,  H. — Carpenter- 
bees  eating  lead  cable-covers.  [8]  68:8.  *Smith,  M.  R.— 
A  revision  of  the  genus  Strumigenys  of  America,  north 
of  Mexico,  based  on  a  study  of  the  workers  (Formicidae). 
[7]  24:  686-710,  ill.  *Whittaker,  O— Four  new  species  of 
Mymaridae  from  British  Columbia.  [10]  33:  189-192. 


SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Juan  Fernandes  Islands,  Natu- 
ral History  of  III,  Zool.  Pt.  IV,  p.  461-638,  Upsala.  Papers 
on  Coleoptera ;  Curculionidae,  Anthribidae.  Carabidae, 
Cleridae,  Scarabaeidae-Aphodiinae.  By  Aurivillius,  An- 
drews, Schenkling,  Schmidt.  Plecoptera  Nymphs  of  Amer- 
ica (North  of  Mexico)  by  Peter  AY.  Claassen  [Thomas  Say 
Foundation  |  III,  199  pp.  ill.,  1931.  This  work  is  com- 
panionable to  the  "Monograph  of  the  Plecoptera  or  Stone 
Flies  of  America  North  of  Mexico,"  published  by  the 
Thomas  Say  Foundation  in  1925.  A  sketch  of  Dr.  Hermann 
August  Hagen,  occupying  one  and  one-third  columns,  bv 
L.  O.  Hfoward],  appeared  in  Volume  VIII  of  the  Dictionary 
of  American  Biography,  issued  Jan.  29,  1932.  The  Dictionary 
is  published  under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Council  of 
Learned  Societies  by  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York. 


APRIL,  1932 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLIII 


No.  4 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Garman — The  Genus  Archilestes  in  Kentucky  (Odonata:  Agrionidae).  85 

Powell — The  Chrysomelinae  of  Nebraska  (Coleop.:  Chrysomelidae)  .  92 
O'Byrne — The  Migration  and  Breeding  of  Dione  vanillae  in  Missouri 

(Lepid.:  Nymphalidae) 97 

Hebard — A  New  Central  American  Proctolaboid  Genus,  Tela  (Orthop., 

Acrididae,  Cyrtacanthacrinae)  ...  99 

Spieth — A  New  Method  of  Studying  the  Wing  Veins  of  the  Mayflies 

and  Some  Results  Therefrom  (Ephemerida) 103 

Fifth  International  Congress  of  Entomology,  Paris,  16-23  July,  1932.  .  105 

Entomological  Literature 108 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1. 

Act  of  October   3,   1917,  authorized  January   15,   1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors. 

Advisory  Committee:  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  sibscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .  ....          3.15 

Foreign     .  .          .  .         .  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  'two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
ti«~n,  without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
slated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  .  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies.  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents;  greater  numbers 
tf  copies  will  b*  %t  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XL1I1. 


Plate  II. 


*.' 


ARCHILESTES    IN     KENTUCKY.-H.  GARMAN 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLIII.  APRIL,    1932  No.  4 

The  Genus  Archilestes  in  Kentucky  (Odonata : 

Agrionidae). 

By  H.  CARMAN,  Lexington,  Kentucky. 
(Plates   II,    III   and   IV.) 

On  August  16,  1929,  while  the  writer  was  pushing  his  way 
through  a  thicket  along  a  small  rocky  brook  which  empties  about 
a  mile  away  into  the  Kentucky  River  he  saw  a  large  damsel  fly 
move  quickly  before  him  and  disappear  among  foliage  a  short 
distance  away.  It  had  the  appearance  of  an  exceptionally  large 
Lcstes,  of  which  genus  we  have  several  species  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  followed  and  netted,  but  after  transferring  it  to  a  cyanide 
bottle  no  more  was  thought  of  it  until  my  return  to  Lexington, 
about  twenty  miles  distant,  when  examination  showed  it  to 
have  the  venation  of  the  western  Archilestes.  I  returned  to 
the  spot  where  it  was  captured  two  days  later  hoping  to  find 
others  and  from  time  to  time  during  the  remainder  of  the 
season  again  visited  the  place,  with  the  result  that  on  most 
occasions  additional  specimens  were  taken,  mostly  males  at 
first,  though  the  one  first  encountered  was  a  large  female.  As 
the  season  advanced  both  sexes  were  collected,  some  of  them 
mated,  until  at  the  end  of  the  season  twenty-eight  specimens 
were  in  my  possession  the  last  one  captured  October  19  after 
some  rather  cool  days  and  nights. 

The  little  stream  along  which  Archilestes  was  collected  cuts 
into  bed  rock  in  many  places,  the  water  dropping  over  small 
ledges  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course,  but  as  it  nears  Kentucky 
River  these  increase  in  height  to  eight  or  ten  feet.  During  the 
summer  the  stream  is  much  reduced  in  size  and  the  water  may 
dry  up  completely  in  a  large  part  of  its  bed,  but  in  seasons  of 
average  rainfall  pools  of  water  remain  below  the  larger  falls. 
From  one  of  these  I  took  with  a  dip-net,  August  19,  1929,  nine 
specimens  of  a  strong  swimming  nymph,  a  more  vigorous  swim- 
mer than  any  damsel  fly  I  had  hitherto  collected, 'and  brought 


85 


APR  9    1932 


86  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,    '32 

them  home  alive  where  they  were  isolated  in  glass  tumblers  for 
rearing.  It  was  thought  that  they  would  prove  to  be  the  young 
of  the  Archilcstcs  collected,  an  impression  that  was  justified 
later  by  the  emergence  of  adults  in  the  tumblers.  Five  adults 
were  thus  obtained,  several  of  the  nymphs  having  been  put  in 
preservative  after  examination  to  make  sure  of  perfect  speci- 
mens and  two  dying. 

The  record  of  captures  of  adults  in  the  field  during  the 
season  is  as  follows : 

August  16,  one  female. 

August  19,  one  teneral  male,  dislodged,  shortly  after  it  had 
shed  the  nymphal  skin,  from  among  grass  in  the  margin  of 
a  pool. 

August   30,   two   finely  colored  males. 

September  2,  one  male,  another  seen  but  escaped. 

October  8,  six  captured,  two  pairs  and  two  unmated  males. 

October  11,  fourteen  fine  specimens  taken,  four  mated  pairs, 
one  unmated  female,  five  unmated  males. 

October  19,  four  captured,  one  pair  and  two  unmated  males. 

The  emergence  of  adults  (all  males)  from  nymphs  kept  in 
tumblers  was  as  follows : 

First  out  morning  of  August  21. 

Second  out  at  noon,  August  21 

Third  out  August  24. 

Fourth  out  August  25. 

Fifth  out  August  27. 

THE  HABIT  OF  THE  KENTUCKY  ARCHILESTES. 

The  habit  of  the  adult  insect  of  seeking  cover  at  once  when 
it  is  aware  of  an  intruder  and  its  adroitness  in  concealing  itself 
after  it  dashes  among  foliage  rendered  it  difficult  to  capture 
in  the  early  part  of  its  season.  Males  sometimes  emerged 
from  their  hiding  places  and  came  to  a  pool  when  I  stood  per- 
fectly still  for  some  minutes,  and  could  then  be  captured  with 
little  trouble,  but,  if  the  first  stroke  with  the  net  was  not  suc- 
cessful, they  made  off  and  no  thrashing  about  the  region  where 
they  disappeared  resulted  in  starting  them  again.  Most  of  the 
adults  were  captured  when  T  was  thus  standing,  or  moving 
slowly  and  quietly  along  the  stream,  with  net  ready  to  strike 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

whenever  one  appeared.  The  suddenness  and  completeness 
with  which  they  concealed  themselves  is  illustrated  by  an  ex- 
ample that  emerged  from  a  nymph  kept  in  my  study.  On  the 
removal  of  the  cloth  cover  of  the  tumbler  in  which  it  was 
confined  as  a  nymph  it  darted  out  into  the  room  and  though 
it  was  followed  quickly,  vanished  under  or  behind  a  bookcase, 
table,  or  chair,  and  was  not  discovered  until  an  hour  or  so 
later  when  it  came  out  of  its  own  accord  and  passed  to  a 
window  in  an  effort  to  get  out-of-doors. 

The  nymphs,  also,  behaved  very  differently  from  the  rather 
sluggish  young  of  other  damsel  flies.  Those  captured  were 
obtained  from  one  pool  on  one  occasion  among  some  partly 
submerged  grass  when  with  a  rather  large  dip-net  a  sudden 
sweeping  movement  through  the  grass  brought  out  all  of  those 
captured.  Repeated  attempts  afterward  failed  to  capture  an- 
other specimen.  Like  the  nymphs  of  the  western  A.  cali- 
f  arnica,  as  noted  by  Kennedy,*  these  young  appear  to  have 
dashed  away  and  concealed  themselves,  perhaps  in  the  mud 
of  the  bottom,  for  the  water  was  clear  and  they  were  never 
observed  swimming  about.  When  confined  in  tumblers  half 
full  of  water  there  was  little  opportunity  to  show  their  capacity 
to  swim.  They  were  well  grown  when  captured  and  though 
given  fresh  water  containing  small  crustaceans  and  dipterous 
larvae,  showed  little  disposition  to  take  food.  To  provide 
means  of  clinging  when  they  were  ready  to  emerge,  cotton  cord 
was  suspended  in  the  water  and  led  up  to  the  edge  of  the 
tumblers  under  a  cloth  cover.  The  adults  were  always  found 
hanging  by  their  feet  to  this  cover. 

Search  was  made  for  evidence  of  oviposition  when  it  was 
realized  that  I  was  dealing  with  ArcJiilcslcs,  especially  in  wil- 
lows, some  of  which  grew  at  the  edge  of  a  pool,  but  the  bark 
of  this  plant  was  not  punctured.  Scrubby  elm  at  the  edge  of 
the  same  pool  was,  however,  rough  with  the  punctures,  most 
of  them  of  previous  seasons.  In  October  pairs  of  the  insect 
were  sometimes  observed  to  alight  on  the  elm.  but  egg  laving 
was  not  observed.  Living  individuals  captured  when  mated 
were  confined  in  a  celluloid  cylinder  on  elm  twigs  of  a  tree  at 

*Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  49,  pp.  259-269. 


88  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [April,    '32 

my  residence,  but  their  struggle  to  escape  was  incessant  and 
no  eggs  were  laid.  Later,  twigs  with  fresh  eggs  were  confined 
over  water  for  some  months.  None  hatched,  so  that  the  early 
history  of  the  nymph  in  Kentucky  remains  to  be  studied. 

THE  RELATIONSHIP  OF  THE  KENTUCKY  ARCHILESTES. 

The  writer  assumes  for  the  present  that  the  insects  collected 
here  represent  Archilcstcs  grandis.  The  finding  of  the  insect 
so  far  out  of  the  known  range  of  this  western  species  led  me 
at  first  to  suspect  that  I  might  be  dealing  with  a  new  species. 
With  this  idea  in  mind  advantage  of  a  trip  east  was  taken  in 
the  winter  of  1929  to  examine  specimens  of  the  western  insect 
in  the  collection  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Natural 
Science.*  I  could  not  then  find  in  the  Academy  material  any- 
thing that  would  exclude  my  specimens.  The  Kentucky  insect 
is  evidently  not  A.  calif ornica. 

I  am  adding  a  few  notes  on  fresh  material  collected  here 
with  the  impression  that  most  of  the  published  descriptions 
were  made  from  dried  specimens. 

Coloration  of  adults.  The  Kentucky  Archilcstcs  is  a  strik- 
ingly handsome  insect  when  alive,  but  more  because  of  the 
delicacy  than  the  brightness  of  its  colors,  though  it  has  a  share 
of  each.  Some  of  its  most  characteristic  colors  are  lost  after 
death  and  perhaps  this  explains  why  my  specimens  did  not 
agree  with  descriptions  published  by  Hagen,  Calvert  and  others. 
The  dorsal  side  of  the  body  is  in  general  bronze  brown,  but 
much  of  the  head  is  of  a  fine  robin's  egg  blue  dorsally ;  the 
thoracic  mass  (meso  and  metathorax)  has  on  each  side  a  bright 
yellow  longitudinal  stripe  followed  ventrally  by  another  some- 
what less  conspicuous  one,  the  latter  sometimes  merging  partly 
with  the  pale  yellow  color  ventral  to  it.  The  abdomen  is 
bronzy  dorsally,  with  the  distal  somites  of  the  male  pruinose, 
or  nearly  white  as  one  sees  the  insect  flying  in  sunlight.  An 
appearance  of  cross  bands  is  apparent  when  the  abdomen  is 
observed  from  the  side  and  in  ventral  views,  a  rather  wide 
fuscous  marginal  region  being  apparent  on  the  posterior  parts 
of  the  somites.  The  wings  are  hyaline  in  old  specimens,  but 
freshly  emerged  individuals  show  a  marked  brown  smokiness. 

*  Through  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  Calvert  and  Mr.  Cresson. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  89 

The  large  eyes  are  of  a  soft  gray  blue  color,  beautiful  because 
of  a  silken  sheen  and  play  of  color  with  change  of  position. 

Keeping  emerged  specimens  confined  for  some  days  failed  to 
develop  these  bright  colors.  Published  descriptions  of  A. 
gratidis  (Hagen,  Synopsis,  and  Dr.  Calvert,  Biologia  Centrali- 
Americana)  do  not  mention  the  life  colors  and  thus  afford  no 
means  of  comparison  with  western  and  southern  material.  The 
dried  cabinet  specimens  examined  at  the  Philadelphia  Academy 
in  December,  1929,  gave  but  little  more  information  as  to 
coloration.* 

Structure  and  Size  of  Adults.  In  structure,  Kentucky  speci- 
mens agree  closely  with  such  descriptions  and  figures  as  have 
been  examined.  But  the  point  of  origin  of  vein  M2  is  quite 
constant  in  Kentucky  specimens,  the  sector  coming  from  the 
distal  third  of  the  first  cell  outside  of  the  nodus,  though  in  a 
very  few  cases  starting  nearer  the  nodus.  In  this  respect  they 
agree  with  published  figures  of  the  wing  of  A.  grandis,  but  Dr. 
Calvert's  observations  on  material  from  the  West  and  South- 
west imply  more  variation  in  the  origin  of  this  vein.  He  says 
the  nodal  sector  in  no  case  arises  more  than  1  and  2/3  cells 
from  the  nodus  and  that  in  males  from  Cuernavaca.and  Guad- 
alajara it  begins  in  less  than  one  cell  beyond,  and  in  one  wing 
examined  at  the  nodus  itself. 

While  size  within  limits  is  a  useful  feature  for  the  recog- 
nition of  species  of  the  group  it  can  not  be  depended  on  when 
the  material  studied  is  obtained  from  one  locality.  Dr.  Calvert 
calls  attention  to  a  considerable  range  in  size  of  A.  grand  is 
from  its  western  habitat,  but  in  Kentucky  specimens  I  find  the 
range  not  great  and  the  average  size  less  than  Dr.  Xeedham* 
represents  for  A.  grandis.  In  no  case  has  an  individual  been 
collected  here  as  large  as  the  species  is  represented  in  this 
author's  handbook.  Some  loss  in  size  is,  of  course,  to  be  ex- 
pected with  the  drying  of  specimens,  but  measurements  given 
below  were  made  from  fresh  material  taken  at  random,  col- 
lected at  different  dates  of  the  1929  season. 


*  Tillyard's  method  of  preserving  the  life  colors  was  not  seen  by  me 
until  too  late  to  give  it  a  trial   (See  his  "Biology  of  Dragonflies",  p.  35(>). 

*  Handbook,   where   the   species   is   represented  as   having  a   length   of 
62mm-  and  a  wing  expanse  of  82mm- 


90  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,    '32 

Seven  Kentucky  males  gave  an  average  length  of  53.08mm- 
and  an  average  alar  expanse  of  67.78mm-  the  range  being,  length 
47  to  61mm-  and  wing  expanse,  61  to  75mm- 

Five  Kentucky  females  gave  an  average  length  of  48.3mm- 
and  a  range  of  37.7mm-  to  53.00mm-,  with  an  average  wing  ex- 
panse of  75.40mm-  ranging  from  71.70  to  78.8mm-. 

The  dimensions  of  reared  males  averaged  less  than  those  of 
individuals  maturing  under  natural  conditions,  the  length  aver- 
aging 50mm-  and  wing  expanse  64.2mm-. 

Dr.  Hagen's  measurements  (Neuroptera  of  North  America, 
p.  66)  apply  well  to  my  material.  He  gives  the  length  59-50mm- 
and  wing  expanse  72-66mm-  with  a  habitat,  Mexico,  Colombia, 
Venzuela.  Since  he  wrote,  the  distribution  of  the  insect  has 
been  found  to  be  more  extended,  recent  writers  noting  it  as 
occurring  from  Washington  to  Lower  California  and  Texas. 

After  my  own  observations  were  written  I  received,  in  1930, 
from  Philip  Garman  of  New  Haven,  a  pair  collected  in  Okla- 
homa (1929)  which  vary  much  like  those  noted  by  Dr.  Calvert. 
The  male  measures  54mm-  in  length,  the  wing  expanse  is  68mm- 
Vein  Mo  arises  a  trifle  outside  of  the  first  cell  beyond  the  nodus 
on  the  two  right  wings ;  on  the  anterior  left  front  wing  it 
arises  from  the  boundary  between  the  first  and  second  cells 
outside  of  the  nodus  and  on  the  left  posterior  wing  from  the 
outer  fourth  of  the  first  cell  beyond  the  nodus.  The  superior 
straight  yellow  stripe  of  the  thoracic  mass  is  conspicuous,  and 
the  labrum  has  some  appearance  of  having  been  blue,  as  in 
Kentucky  examples.  The  female  from  Oklahoma  measures 
47.7mm-  long;  the  wing  expanse,  72mm-  M2  arises  just  beyond 
the  first  cell  outside  of  the  nodus  in  both  right  wings  and  from 
the  outer  fifth  of  the  first  cell  on  both  left  wings. 

The  Nymphs.  The  notes  following  were  made  on  one  of 
the  individuals  collected  August  19  in  Kentucky.  Antennae 
long  and  tapering,  the  two  basal  segments  thickest,  the  rest 
thread-like.  Compound  eyes  large,  globose.  Legs  long  and 
strong.  Wing  pads  slender  and  thick,  with  rounded  tips.  Abdo- 
minal somites  with  a  ridge  along  each  side,  4  to  9  inclusive 
terminating  in  a  small  spine.  Somite  10  with  a  median  dorsal 
carina  and  two  spines  at  the  dorsal  edge  posterially  and  other 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  91 

smaller  ones  along  the  edge  elsewhere.  Dorsum  of  thorax 
brown,  the  sides  of  the  meso-metathoracic  mass  with  a  couple 
of  curved  brown  marks  on  a  pallid  ground.  Gills  with  two 
ill-defined  bands,  one  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  proximal 
third,  the  other  beginning  near  the  middle  and  fading  out  to- 
ward the  distal  end  of  the  gill.  Legs  brown,  lined  with  fuscous, 
the  tips  of  femora  and  tibiae  fuscous.  Labium  largely  pallid, 
the  appendages  indefinitely  varied  with  fuscous.  Length, 
35mm..  antennae  6mm-  ;  wing  pads  6.4mm-  ;  abdomen,  18mm-;  gills 


Examples  of  the  nymph  of  A.  grandis  from  the  West  have 
not  been  examined.  Kennedy's  figure  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
loc.  cit.)  of  the  labium  of  A.  calif  ornica  shows  the  anterior 


Fig.  7.  Distal  end  of  labium  of  nymph  showing  rounder  anterior 
edge.  Setae  of  palpus  omitted  purposely. 

margin  between  the  palpi  straighter  than  it  is  in  Kentucky 
material,  where  a  pronounced  forward  convexity  of  the  out- 
line is  apparent  between  the  palpi. 

Note. — Since  my  observations  on  Archilestes  were  written 
I  have  had  the  privilege,  through  the  kindness  of  Professor 
P.  P.  Calvert,  of  examining  specimens  of  both  nymph  and 
adult  of  Archilestes  from  Costa  Rica.  The  nymph  agrees 
closely  with  those  collected  in  Kentucky.  Adults,  of  which 


92  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [April,    '32 

several  have  been  examined,  show  some  of  the  variations  men- 
tioned by  Professor  Calvert  in  one  of  his  papers.  A  pair  of 
these  from  San  Jose,  C.  R.,  and  according  to  the  label,  from 
M.  Valerio,  F — 6 — 28,  shows  the  most  striking  departures 
from  the  Kentucky  type,  in  which  the  sector  M2  almost  in- 
variably arises  from  the  first  cell  beyond  (outside)  the  nodus. 
In  the  male  from  Costa  Rica  it  starts  before  the  middle  of  the 
second  cell  beyond  the  nodus  on  the  left  front  wing ;  a  little 
outside  the  first  cell  beyond  the  nodus  on  the  hind  wing  of 
this  side.  On  the  right  wings  of  this  male  it  emerges  at  the 
outer  end  of  the  first  cell  beyond  the  nodus.  In  the  female  of 
this  pair  the  sector  arises  just  within  the  middle  of  the  fourth 
cell  beyond  the  nodus  of  the  left  front  wing;  on  the  left  hind 
wing,  outside  the  middle  of  the  third  cell  beyond.  On  each  of 
the  right  wings  M2  arises  from  the  third  cell  beyond  the  nodus. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES  II,  III  AND  IV. 

Fig.   1.     Male  ArcJiilcstes  from  Kentucky. 

Fig.  2.     Showing  claspers  enlarged. 

Fig.  3.     Elm  twig  showing  punctures  made  by  female. 

Fig.  4.  Two  of  the  gills  of  a  nymph  (Photographed  by  Philip 
Garman). 

Fig.   5.      Labium  of  nymph  (Photographed  by  Philip  Garman). 

Fig.  6.  Two  wings  enlarged  to  show  origin  of  Mo  as  seen  in 
Kentucky  specimens. 

Fig.  8.  Upper  part  of  brook  about  which  Archilcstes  was  col- 
lected. 

Fig.  9.     Pool  from  which  nymphs  were  taken. 

Fig.  10.  Fall  with  pool  about  which  specimens  were  taken, 
near  Kentucky  River. 


The  Chrysomelinae  of  Nebraska  (Coleop. : 
Chrysomelidae.)1 

By  EUGENE  F.  POWELL,  University'of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 
The  purpose  of  this  study  has  been  to  list  the  leaf-beetles  of 
the  subfamily  Chrysomelinae  of  Nebraska,  and  to  obtain  notes 
on  their  abundance  and  on  their  seasonal  and  geographic  distri- 
bution within  the  state.  The  material  in  the  collection  of  the 

1  Studies  from  the  Department  of  Zoology,  The  University  of  Nebraska, 
No.  171. 


ENT.   NEWS,  VOL.  XLI1I. 


Plate  111. 


6 


ARCHILESTES    IN     KENT UCKY.-H.  GARMAN 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XLIII. 


Plate  IV. 


ARCHILESTES    IN     KENTUCKY. -H.  CARMAN. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  93 

Department  of  Entomology  of  the  University  of  Nebraska  was 
studied,  and  was  supplemented  by  specimens  taken  by  the  writer 
during  the  years  1924  to  1931.  The  nomenclature  is  that  of 
Leng's  "Catalogue  of  the  Coleoptera  of  North  America,  North 
of  Mexico."  The  Nebraska  fauna  includes  seven  of  the  four- 
teen genera  listed  by  Leng,  and  these  genera  are  represented  by 
twenty-three  species,  two  of  which  are  represented  by  both  the 
typical  form  and  one  variety  each  and  four  of  which  are  each 
represented  by  one  variety  only.  Several  specimens  were  sent 
to  Mr.  Charles  F.  A.  Schaeffer  of  the  Division  of  Entomology, 
Brooklyn  Museum,  for  verification  of  identifications  by  the 
writer,  who  wishes  to  acknowledge  this  valuable  assistance  given 
by  an  authority  on  this  group.  These  verified  species  are  desig- 
nated by  an  (S)  following  the  name.  The  writer  also  wishes 
to  express  his  appreciation  of  the  assistance  given  to  him  by 
Professors  R.  H.  Wolcott,  M.  H.  Swenk  and  D.  B.  Whelan, 
and  Mr.  Raymond  Roberts,  of  the  University  of  Nebraska. 

LABIDOMERA  CLIVICOLLIS  var.  ROGERSI  Leconte.  Taken  in 
the  eastern  portion  of  the  state,  but  not  in  abundance.  Collected 
at  Maskell,  West  Point,  Cedar  Bluffs  and  Lincoln.  April  16 
to  October  7,  most  commonly  in  July.  Fourteen  males  and 
twelve  females.  The  six  specimens  taken  in  April  and  May 
were  all  males.  One  male  specimen  taken  near  Lincoln,  October 
7,  was  hibernating  under  an  old  board. 

LEPTIXOTARSA  DECEMLINEATA  (Say).  Known  to  be  abun- 
dant and  generally  distributed  throughout  the  state.  Specimens 
studied  were  taken  at  Omaha,  South  Sioux  City,  Waverly,  Lin- 
coln, Columbus,  Chambers,  Western,  Fairmont  and  Mitchell. 
April  20  to  August,  most  abundant  in  June  and  July.  Fifty-six 
males  and  sixty-one  females.  Feeding  on  potato  (Solatium 
tubcrosum)  and  sand  bur  or  buffalo  bur  (Solatium  rostratutn). 

ZYGOGRAMMA  EXCLAMATIONIS  (Fabricius).  Rather  abun- 
dant over  most  of  the  state.  Collected  at  Lincoln,  West  Point, 
Columbus,  Marquette,  Neligh,  Clearwater,  Cherry  County  sand- 
hills, Cambridge,  McCook,  Hitchcock  County,  Haigler,  Ogalal- 
la,  Hay  Springs,  Pine  Ridge  in  Dawes  County,  Glen,  \Yurbon- 
net  Canyon  in  Sioux  County,  Monroe  Canyon  in  Sioux  County, 
Mitchell,  Morrill  and  Henry.  June  20  to  September  5,  most 
commonly  in  June.  Forty-eight  males  and  fifty-nine  females. 
Taken  from  potato  (Solatium  hihcrosiiin),  white  clover  (Mcli- 
lotus  alba),  prairie  sunflower  (Hcliatilliits  petiolaris),  and  al- 
falfa (Mcdicago  satiz'a). 


94  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '32 

Z.  CONJUNCTA  Rogers.  (S).  Scarce,  and  found  only  in  the 
extreme  northwestern  portion  of  the  state.  One  female  speci- 
men taken  at  Harrison,  July  17. 

Z.  CONJUNCTA  var.  PALLIDA  Bland.  (S).  Scarce,  and  taken 
only  in  the  extreme  western  part  of  the  state.  One  female 
specimen  taken  at  Henry,  July  12. 

Z.  SUTURALIS  var.  CASTA  Rogers.  (S).  Fairly  abundant 
throughout  most  of  the  state.  Taken  at  Maskell,  Lincoln,  Fair- 
mont, Valentine,  Cherry  County  sandhills,  Halsey,  Hay  Springs, 
Pine  Ridge  in  Dawes  County  and  Mitchell.  April  15  to  Sep- 
tember, most  abundant  in  June  and  July.  Eighteen  male  and 
nineteen  female  specimens.  One  female  specimen  found  under 
a  log  in  a  woods,  April  19. 

Z.  DISRUPTA  Rogers.  (S).  Scarce;  taken  only  in  the  south- 
western and  western  portions  of  the  state.  Collected  at  Haigler, 
Imperial  and  Scottsbluff.  June  25  to  August  14.  One  male 
and  two  females.  Male  specimen  taken  from  alfalfa  (Medicago 
sativa)  at  Scottsbluff,  June  25. 

CALLIGRAPHA  LUNATA  var.  HYBRIDA  (Say).  (S).  Scarce; 
found  in  the  northeast  and  northwest  of  the  state.  Taken  at 
South  Sioux  City,  West  Point,  Pine  Ridge  in  Dawes  County 
and  Warbonnet  Canyon  in  Sioux  County.  June  to  July  21. 
Seven  males  and  four  females. 

C.  SIMILIS  Rogers.  Abundant  through  the  eastern  two-thirds 
of  the  state.  Taken  at  Omaha,  South  Sioux  City,  Maskell,  Lin- 
coln, Malcolm,  Fairmont,  Clay  Center,  Hoppe's  Well  in  Wheel- 
er County,  Springview,  Halsey  and  Cherry  County  sandhills. 
January  19  to  August  27;  most  abundant  in  June,  July  and 
August.  Fifty-five  males  and  forty-four  females.  One  male 
specimen  collected  in  hibernation,  January  19.  One  female 
taken  at  an  electric  light  in  May.  The  greater  number  of  the 
specimens  were  taken  by  the  writer  in  swampy  situations. 

C.  PRAECELSIS  Rogers.  Scarce;  taken  only  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  state.  Collected  at  South  Bend,  West  Point,  Lin- 
coln, Malcolm  and  Bennett.  June  28  to  September  21.  Three 
male  and  six  female  specimens.  Two  females  were  collected 
by  the  writer  in  moist  situations  along  small  streams.  Blatch- 
ley  (Coleoptera  of  Indiana,  1910)  reports  this  species  taken  in 
Indiana  from  white  top  in  timothy  meadows. 

C.  ELEGANS  (Olivier).  Rather  abundant  over  most  of  the 
northern  half  of  the  state.  Taken  at  Omaha,  West  Point,  Ew- 
ing,  Holt  County,  Hoppe's  Well  in  Wheeler  County,  Spring- 
view,  Cherry  County  sandhills,  Halsey,  Mitchell  and  Glen. 
June  16  to  August  19;  most  abundant  in  July.  Twenty-four 
male  and  twenty-four  female  specimens.  Taken  by  the  writer 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  95 

by  sweeping  vegetation  in  quite  moist  situations.  Reported 
from  Indiana  (Blatchley,  1910)  as  taken  from  "thorough-wort 
and  goldenrod  in  moist  situations." 

C.  SCALARIS  Leconte.  (S).  Abundant  at  scattered  point>  in 
the  east,  south  and  northwest  portions  of  the  state.  Collected 
at  Tilden,  Hardy,  Cowles,  Hastings,  Chambers,  Oxford,  Mc- 
Cook  and  Warbonnet  Canyon  in  Sioux  County.  April  11  to 
September  4,  most  commonly  in  July  and  August.  Thirty-two 
males  and  fifty-seven  females,  of  which  five  males  and  five 
females  were  reared  by  the  writer  from  eggs  deposited  at  Lin- 
coln by  specimens  from  Cowles.  Females  apparently  more 
abundant  than  males  in  August.  Feed  on  American  elm  ( Ul- 
nuts  amcricana)  and  rock  elm  (UltuHs  raccinosa).  Reported 
by  Blatchley  (1910)  in  Indiana  from  linden  also.  Reported  as 
injuring  elms  at  Chadron,  Dawes  County,  August  10,  1914.  In 
1929  there  was  a  destructive  outbreak  of  this  species  on  the  elms 
in  Adams,  Xuckolls,  Webster  and  Furnas  Counties,  and  in  1930 
in  Fillmore,  Thayer,  Clay  and  Xuckolls  Counties.  Specimens 
were  sent  in  to  the  Department  of  Entomology  during  the  sum- 
mer of  1929  (June  21  to  October  14)  from  Hastings,  Hardy 
and  Oxford,  and  in  the  summer  of  1930  (June  3  to  July  29) 
from  Shickley,  Sutton,  Clay  Center,  Byron,  Superior,  Bostwick 
and  Cowles. 

C.  PHILADELPHIA  (Linnaeus).  Abundant  in  the  extreme 
northwest  of  the  state.  Taken  at  Pine  Ridges  in  Dawes  County, 
and  Monroe  Canyon,  Warbonnet  Canyon  and  elsewhere  in 
Sioux  County.  July  to  August  17,  mostly  taken  in  August. 
Nine  male  and  thirteen  female  specimens. 

C.  AMELIA  var.  COXFLUEXS  Schaeffer.  (S).  This  variety,  as 
determined  by  Schaeffer,  is  represented  by  eleven  male  and 
six  female  specimens  from  West  Point,  Cuming  County,  May 
20  to  June,  mostly  taken  in  May,  and  one  specimen  labeled 
simply  "Neb." 

C.  MULTIPUNCTATA  (Say).  (S).  Usually  rather  scarce,  and 
occurring  in  the  eastern  and  northern  portions  of  the  state. 
Taken  at  Blair,  West  Point  and  Springview.  On  July  14,  1930, 
however,  specimens  were  sent  in  from  Omaha,  Douglas  County, 
with  a  statement  that  these  beetles  were  present  in  great  abun- 
dance and  were  stripping  the  willows  (SalLv  sp.)  near  that 
place.  June  18  to  July  13,  most  commonly  in  July.  Three 
males  and  six  females.  One  male  specimen  taken  at  Spring- 
view  "under  bridge  on  damp  ground."  Seven  specimens  were 
collected  at  Blair  feeding  on  the  foliage  of  willow  (Sali.v  sp.). 
Reported  from  Indiana  (Blatchley,  1910)  from  thorn  and  red 
haw. 


96  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '32 

C.  BIGSBYANA  (Kirl)v).  (S).  Abundant  through  most  of  the 
state.  Taken  at  Omaha,  Blair,  South  Sioux  City,  West  Point, 
Cedar  Bluffs,  Wahoo,  Lincoln,  Western,  Fairmont,  Genoa, 
Hoppe's  Well  in  Wheeler  County,  Ewing,  Springview,  Dewey 
Lake  Township  in  Cherry  County,  Halsey,  Haigler,  Thedford, 
Lewellen  and  Morrill.  May  to  September,  mostly  taken  in 
August.  One  hundred  seventy-six  male  and  one  hundred  fifty- 
six  female  specimens.  Feeds  on  foliage  of  willow  (Salix  sp.). 
Also  reported  from  poplar  (Popnlus  sp.)  in  Indiana  (Blatch- 
ley,  1910). 

CHRYSOMELA  FLAVOMARGINATA  Say.  Abundant  in  the  north- 
west portion  of  the  state.  Taken  at  Lincoln,  Pine  Ridge  in 
Dawes  County,  and  Monroe  Canyon  and  Warbonnet  Canyon  in 
Sioux  County.  June  and  July,  most  commonly  in  July.  Forty- 
eight  males  and  fifty-nine  females.  Two  male  specimens  only 
from  Lincoln. 

C.  BASILARIS  Say.  (S).  Scarce.  Two  specimens  from  Sioux 
County.  No  dates  on  the  labels.  One  male  and  one  female 
specimen. 

C.  AURIPENNIS  Say.  Rather  scarce  at  scattered  points  in  the 
state.  Collected  at  South  Bend,  Lincoln,  West  Point,  Neligh, 
Sidney,  Harrison  and  Monroe  Canyon  in  Sioux  County.  May 
to  August  18.  Nine  male  and  nine  female  specimens. 

GASTROIDEA  POLYGON:  (Linnaeus).  Scarce.  Taken  at  West 
Point  and  Lincoln.  April  and  May.  Two  males  and  three 
females. 

G.  DISSIMILIS  (Say).  (S).  Rather  scarce,  and  taken  at 
widely  separated  points.  Collected  at  Lincoln,  Fairmont  and 
Mitchell.  March  30  to  July,  mostly  taken  in  April,  May  and 
June.  Twenty-four  male  and  twenty-six  female  specimens. 
Taken  on  gum  weed  (Grind clia  squarrosa). 

LIN  A  INTERRUPTA  Fabricius.  Abundant  and  widely  distrib- 
uted through  the  state.  Collected  at  Rulo,  Nebraska  City, 
Plattsmouth,  Child's  Point,  Omaha,  South  Bend,  Ashland, 
South  Sioux  City,  Maskell,  West  Point,  Lincoln,  Beatrice,  Wy- 
more,  Western,  Hastings,  Neligh,  Clearwater,  Springview, 
Valentine,  Cherry  County  sandhills,  Dewey  Lake  Township  in 
Cherry  County,  Brady's  Island,  Pine  Ridge  in  Dawes  County, 
Monroe  Canyon  and  Warbonnet  Canyon  in  Sioux  County  and 
Mitchell.  March  26  to  August  12,  most  commonly  in  June 
and  July.  Ninety-six  males  and  ninety-four  females.  Taken 
from  white  clover  (Melilotus  alba}  and  also  on  damp  ground. 

L.  INTERRUPTA  var.  QUADRIMACULATA  Schaeffer.  (S).  Rather 
scarce,  but  found  in  the  southeast,  north,  northwest  and  west 
portions  of  the  state.  Taken  at  Rulo,  Western,  Valentine, 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  97 

Dewey  Lake  Township  in  Cherry  County,  Cherry  County  sand- 
hills, New  Helena,  Pine  Ridge  in  Dawes  County,  Warbonnet 
Canyon  in  Sioux  County,  and  Mitchell.  June  and  July.  Twelve 
male  and  nine  female  specimens. 

L.  TREMULAE  (Fabricius).  (S).  Scarce,  only  three  speci- 
mens in  the  collection  of  the  Department  of  Entomology.  Taken 
at  Lincoln.  June.  Two  males  and  one  female. 

L.  SCRIPTA  (Fabricius).  Abundant  throughout  most  of  the 
state.  Taken  at  Rulo,  Omaha,  Louisville,  Maskell,  Cedar 
Bluffs,  Lincoln,  Roca,  Fairmont,  Western,  Neligh,  Holt  County, 
Bassett,  Cherry  County  sandhills.  Pine  Ridge  in  Dawes  County, 
Monroe  Canyon  and  Warbonnet  in  Sioux  County,  and  Mitchell. 
April  17  to  August  10,  most  commonlv  in  July.  Seventy  male 
and  sixty-two  female  specimens.  Taken  from  willow  (Sali.r 
h  until  is). 


The  Migration  and  Breeding  of  Dione  vanillae  in 
Missouri  (Lepid. :  Nymphalidae). 

By  HAROLD  O'BYRNE,  Webster  Groves,  Missouri. 

The  occurrence  of  Dionc  vanillae  Linn,  in  Missouri  is  so 
infrequent  that  the  species  can  hardly  be  called  a  Missouri 
insect.  Yet  at  times  it  appears  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Louis  in 
considerable  numbers,  local  records  showing  that  1911,  1921, 
and  1931  were  "vanillae  years."  As  few  were  seen  by  collec- 
tors in  this  locality  in  any  of  the  intervening  years,  each  of  these 
occasions  must  represent  a  new  influx  of  individuals  from  the 
south.  Randolph  *  has  recorded  similar  occurrences  of  this 
species  near  Pittsburg,  Kansas. 

The  mating  and  ovipositing  of  vanillae  in  Missouri  apparent- 
ly have  never  been  observed  nor  have  its  early  stages  been 
found.  But  recently  a  group  of  Girl  Scouts  succeeded  where 
entomologists  had  failed;  they  found  a  number  of  larvae  in 
various  stages  on  a  cultivated  Passion-flower  in  St.  Louis, 
about  October  1,  1931.  The  youngsters  obtained  several  pupae, 
and  on  October  15,  1931,  a  female  butterfly  emerged:  during 
the  next  three  weeks  others  of  both  sexes  emerged.  This  event 
demonstrated  that  the  species  breeds  in  this  locality,  and  that 

*  Randolph,  V.  On  the  seasonal  misjrations  of  llionc  niiiilluc  in  Kansas. 
Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  xx  (2),  242-244.  1927. 


98  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,    '32 

conditions  are  suitable  for  its  development.  The  winter  season, 
however,  is  probably  not  suitable  for  the  survival  of  the  species 
until  spring,  as  the  butterflies  are  never  seen  in  the  spring  or 
early  summer.  All  local  records  are  dated  August,  September, 
October  and  early  November. 

It  seems  improbable  that  Missouri  occurrences  of  this  insect 
consist  of  solitary  individuals  that  have  strayed  from  their 
proper  habitat.  The  records  are  too  numerous  for  that.  In 
1931,  specimens  were  captured  or  seen  in  St.  Louis  and  in 
such  widespread  localities  in  St.  Louis  County  as  Webster 
Groves,  Ranken,  and  Allenton.  Various  collectors  report 
having  seen  from  one  up  to  four  or  five  on  nearly  every  collect- 
ing trip  in  August  and  September.  Such  a  sudden  appearance 
of  large  numbers  of  a  species  seldom  seen  here  is  evidently 
due  to  the  arrival  of  an  extensive  wave  of  migration  from  the 
south. 

Comparatively  little  study  has  been  made  of  migration  in 
this  species,  although  many  suggestions  have  been  offered  con- 
cerning the  factors  involved  in  the  migration  of  other  species, 
and  of  butterflies  in  general.  One  of  these  is  that  migration 
is  forced  by  overcrowding,  with  consequent  exhaustion  of  the 
larval  food.  Observations  on  the  abundance  of  vanillac  in  the 
south  in  the  years  of  northward  flight  would  settle  this  point. 
It  may  be  that  there  is  a  tendency  in  the  butterflies  to  wander 
or  spread  as  far  as  they  can  find  favorable  conditions.  This 
would  explain  the  occurrence  of  this  species  in  the  north  in 
favorable  years,  but  the  question  is :  what  are  the  conditions 
that  make  some  years  favorable?  The  summers  of  1930  and 
1931  did  not  appear  to  present  such  dissimilar  conditions  as 
to  urge  a  great  many  of  the  butterflies  to  fly  hundreds  of  miles 
northward  in  .1931,  but  none  at  all  to  do  so  in  1930. 

As  to  the  relation  of  these  migrating  individuals  to  the  re- 
mainder of  the  species,  it  is  probable  that  they  are  a  total  loss; 
there  is  no  record  of  any  southward  migration  from  any  place 
this  far  north,  and  they  seem  unable  to  endure  the  winter. 
It  is  possible,  of  course,  that  further  study  will  disclose  a 
return  flight.  Williams  *  cites  two  instances  of  northward 

*  Williams,  C.  B.    The  Migration  of  Butterflies.    Edinburgh,  1930, 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  99 

autumn  flight  of  this  species  in  Argentine,  observed  by  Hay- 
ward,  and  one  southward  in  Florida,  observed  by  Johnson.  In 
the  light  of  existing  records,  however,  it  is  most  probable  that 
the  butterflies  that  fly  to  the  north  and  their  offspring  all  perish, 
and  neither  become  established  in  their  new  home  nor  return 
to  the  south  to  rejoin  the  main  body  of  their  species. 


A  New  Central  American  Proctolaboid  Genus,  Tela 
(Orthoptera,  Acrididae,  Cyrtacanthacrinae). 

By  MORGAN  HEBARD,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 
In  studying  the  Orthoptera  of  Mexico  and  making  com- 
parisons with  material  from  adjacent  regions  we  have  dis- 
covered that  Bruner,  in  the  Biologia,  has  treated  several  species 
referable  to  the  present  group  in  a  decidedly  confusing  manner. 
Material  before  us  enables  us  to  clear  up  most  of  this  confusion 
and  in  so  doing  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  describe  a  new 
genus,  one  of  the  species  there  referable  being  also  new. 

Tela  new  genus 

This  genus  is  proposed  to  include  the  genotype  c/ilorosoina 
here  described,  Anniccris  viriduliis  Bruner  and  LcioscapJicns 
annnlicornis  Bruner.  It  represents  a  remarkable  combination 
of  the  characters  found  in  the  allied  genera,  for  the  general 
appearance,  contour  of  vertex  and  head,  proportions  of  caudal 
tarsal  joints  and  male  supra-anal  plate  are  as  in  .linpcIopliHiis 
Hebard,  the  prosternum  as  in  Dcllla  Stal,  but  the  ovipositor 
valves  as  in  Leioscapheus  i'.nmer. 

Size  medium,  form  moderately  robust  (not  as  graceful  and 
with  shorter  limbs  than  in  .  lin^clo^Jnlus}.  Fastigium  promi- 
nent, narrow,  slightly  impressed,  weakly  declivent,  with  a 
definite  carina  at  its  transverse  apex.  Frontal  costa  subsiding 
at  median  ocellus,  deplanate  with  a  few  minute  impressed  punc- 
tulae.  Face  moderately  retreating,  impresso-punctate,  Avith 
carinae  very  weak  but  suhonilar  sulcns  verv  decided.  I'rono- 
tum  with  cephalic  margin  slightly  produced,  with  small,  faint 
bi-convexities  mesad  :  weak  median  carina  best  indicated  cepha- 
lad  and  caudad,  transverse  sulci  verv  derided  ;  surface  impresso- 
punctate  particularly  on  meta/ona  ;  caudal  margin  of  disk- 
broadly  convex.  Tegmina  and  wings  considerably  reduced,  in- 
capable of  flight.  Male  .^enitalia  of  the  general  type  found 
in  Ampclophilus.  Ovipositor  valves  represented  by  slender  un- 


100 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


[April,  '32 


armed  fingers.  Prosternum  low,  conical.  Caudal  femora  with 
genicular  lobes  sharply  acute-angulate  produced  in  male, 
broader  in  female.  Caudal  tibiae  with  six  (normal,  or  seven) 
external  spines,  lacking  an  apical  spine.  Caudal  tarsi  with 
joints  elongate,  second  distinctly  shorter  and  third  distinctly 
longer  than  metatarsus. 

Tela  chlorosoma  new  species 

1908.  Anniccris  v-iridulus  Bruner,  in  part,  Biol.  Cent.-Amer., 
Orth.,  I,  p.  269,  pi.  Ill,  17  and  17a.  [$  (not  $);  Teapa, 
Tabasco,  Mexico.] 


Fig.  1.     Dorsal  view  of  male  cercus.     Type.     Lancetilla,  Honduras. 
Fig.  2.     Lateral  external  view  of  same. 

Fig.  3.  Lateral  view  of  apex  of  female  abdomen.  Allotype.  Lan- 
cetilla, Honduras. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  viriduhts  (Bruner) 
by  the  annulate  antennae,  pinkish  genicular  areas  of  the  caudal 
femora,  shorter  tegmina  and  lack  of  black  marking,  the  apex 
of  the  male  abdomen  in  particular  being  pale. 

Type :  $  ;  Lancetilla,  near  Tela,  Atlantida,  HONDURAS.  Sep- 
tember 7,  1930.  (J.  A.  G.  Rehn;  from  vine-covered  weed 
tangle  in  opening  in  second-growth  scrub.)  [Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  Type  No.  5511.] 

Size  medium  and  form  moderately  compact  for  the  group. 
Eyes  large  and  prominent,  separated  by  a  very  narrow  interval. 
Tegmina  slightly  longer  than  combined  length  of  head  and 
pronotum.  Supra-anal  plate  trigono-shield-shaped,  a  very  small 
rounded  projection  proximad  on  each  side,  surface  medio-longi- 
tudinally  sulcate  proximad  and  with  a  decided  convex  carina 
distad.  Cerci  curving  gradually  upward,  with  a  decided  sub- 
apical  ventral  tooth,  the  margin  before  this  concave,  and  a  de- 
cidedly smaller  rounded  tooth  opposite  that  mesad  on  internal 
surface.  •  Subgenital  plate  elevated  to  a  sharply  rounded  apex, 
with  a  fine  medio-longitudinal  carina  dorso-distad  and  the  free 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  101 

dorsal    margin    carinate.      Cephalic    coxae    unarmed.      Caudal 
femora  not  elongate  (just  as  in  Ampclophilus). 
Allotype:    9  ;  same  data  as  type.     [Hebard  Cln.] 
Size   decidedly   larger,    form   decidedly   more   robust.      Ovi- 
positor valves  unarmed  slender  fingers,  the  dorsal  very  faintly 
curved  dorsad,  the  ventral  straight. 

General  coloration  rich  biscay  green,  meso-caudal  portion  of 
occiput  and  a  narrow  post-ocular  bar  very  slightly  darker  (light 
elm  green)  continued  along  the  dorsal  margins  of  the  pronotal 
lateral  lobes,  but  very  inconspicuous.  Abdomen  slightly  more 
yellowish ;  becoming  paler  distad  in  male,  dull  yellow  ocher, 
with  apices  of  cerci  black;  apex  tinged  with  tawny  in  female. 
Fastigium  and  proximal  antennal  joints  greenish  yellow,  the 
antennae  thence  black  with  very  narrow  annuli  and  apex 
broadly  yellow  ocher.  Eyes  rich  hays  russet.  Tegmina  with 
narrow  costal  margins  hyaline.  Wings  weakly  infuscated. 
Mouthparts,  ventral  surface  and  cephalic  and  median  limbs  yel- 
low ocher,  the  latter  strongly  tinged  with  green  except  proxi- 
mad.  Caudal  femora  rich  biscay  green ;  ventral  and  internal 
surfaces,  a  pre-genicular  annulus  and  genicular  lobes  dull  yel- 
low ocher,  the  genicular  areas  tawny  (this,  except  under  the 
microscope,  giving  a  pinkish  brown  effect.  Caudal  tibiae 
briefly  dull  yellow  ocher  proximad,  then  biscay  green  with  dor- 
sal surface  distad  darkened  and  in  two  females  there  definitely 
blackish. 

Two  female  paratypes  agree  closely  with  the  allotype  and  the 
measurements  of  a  third  smaller  paratypic  female  follow  those 
of  the  allotype.  Length  of  body  $  15,  9  21  to  18  (estimated 
for  normal  position)  ;  length  of  pronotum  $  3.3,  9  4.8  to 
4.2;  total  caudal  width  of  pronotum  $  2.9,  9  4.7  to  4.2;  ex- 
posed length  of  tegmen  $  5.7,  9  7.7  to  6.8;  width  of  tegmen 
$  2.3,  9  3.7  to  3.3 :  length  of  caudal  femur  $  9.2,  9  12.1 
to  11.2  mm. 

Four  females  and  a  large  immature  female  were  taken  in 
the  same  kind  of  environment  in  which  the  type  was  found  at 
Lancetilla  from  August  24  to  September  7. 

\Ve  believe  from  examination  of  the  specimens  in  the  British 
Museum  that  the  female  from  Tcapa.  Tabasco,  recorded  as 
Aniiiccris  zriridulus  by  Bruner,  represents  this  species.  The 
male  so  described,  having  been  designated  as  type,  must  be 
recognized  as  riridulus  and  represents  a  very  distinct  species, 
apparently  belonging  to  the  present  genus.  That  Institution 


102  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,    '32 

also  has  a  male  from  Guatemala  which  we  believe  represents 
chlorosoma. 

TELA  ANNULICORNIS  (Bruner) 

1908.  Lcioscaphcus  annulicornis  Bruner,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer., 
Orth.,  I,  p.  268.  [  9  ;  San  Isidro,  Guatemala,  at  1600  feet.] 

The  type  lacked  caudal  limbs  and  Bruner  apparently  placed 
the  species  in  Lcioscaphcus  wholly  on  the  degree  of  develop- 
ment of  the  organs  of  flight  shown. 

Cacao,  Trece  Aguas,  Alta  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala,  (Schwarz 
and  Barber),  2  9,  [U.S.N.M.  and  Hebard  Cln.]. 

Though  apparently  closely  related  to  the  preceding,  the  pres- 
ent insect  is  more  robust,  with  browns  instead  of  greens  the 
general  coloration  and  dark  markings  much  more  definite,  eye 
distinctly  shorter,  face  less  strongly  impresso-punctuate  and 
caudal  margin  of  pronotum  slightly  more  truncate. 

In  the  best  Cacao  female  (apparently  considerably  discolored, 
the  other  is  very  badly  discolored)  the  general  coloration  is 
reddish  brown,  the  antennae  and  caudal  femora  marked  exactly 
as  in  chlorosoma.  The  wings  are  very  strongly  infumate.  The 
caudal  tibiae  are  extensively  black  dorso-distad.  The  abdomen 
has  dark  lateral  margins  and  a  medio-longitudinal  line,  the  sub- 
genital  plate  black  proximad  with  two  bands  narrowing  but 
extending  to  its  caudal  margin.  The  postocular  lines  are  very 
narrow  but  darker  than  in  chlorosoma  and  continued  across  the 
pronotum  cause  the  narrow  hyaline  costal  margin  of  the  teg- 
mina  to  be  also  very  dark. 

Length  of  body  18.5  (estimated  for  abdomen  in  normal  pos- 
ition) and  21.7,  length  of  pronotum  3.8  and  4.7,  total  caudal 
width  of  pronotum  3.8  and  4.9,  length  of  tegmen  7.5  and  9.8, 
width  of  tegmen  3  and  3.4,  length  of  caudal  femur  11.7  and 
12.2  mm. 

Bruner's  female  from  Purula,  Alta  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala, 
which  he  recorded  as  Annie cris  nigrincrvis  in  1908,  at  the 
British  Museum,  does  not  represent  that  species  and  may  be 
much  nearer  to  the  present  genus.  It  is  distinguished  by  the 
smooth  pronotum,  black  bordered  ovipositor  valves,  abdomen 
clistad  with  several  black  vittae,  antennae  not  annulate,  teg- 
mina  8.25  mm.  in  length  and  second  tarsal  joint  equal  to  the 
first  in  length.  Series  from  Guatemala  are  awaited  with  in- 
terest to  determine  the  number  of  species  of  Tcla  which  there 
occur. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  103 

A  New  Method  of  Studying  the  Wing  Veins  of  the 
Mayflies  and  Some  Results  Therefrom  (Ephemerida). 

By  HERMAN  T.  SPIETH,  Indiana  University,  Bloomington, 

•     Indiana. 

The  wing  of  a  mayfly  as  in  other  insects  consists  essentially 
of  a  saccular  out-pocketing  of  the  body  wall,  into  which  during 
the  immature  stages  tracheae,  blood  vessels,  and  nerves  pene- 
trate. In  the  adult,  this  sac  becomes  flattened,  greatly  extended, 
and  very  thin,  and  veins  are  laid  down.  The  mayfly  wing  is 
characterized  (1)  by  the  concave-convex  placement  of  the  wing 
veins,  i.e.,  concave  (or  "down")  and  convex  (or  "up")  veins 
alternating  regularly  with  each  other,  and  (2)  by  the  triadic 
type  of  branching,  i.e.,  whenever  a  vein  forks  there  is  always 
an  interpolated  vein  of  opposite  position  between  the  two 
branches.  Thus  a  concave  vein  will  fork  into  two  concave 
branches;  the  interpolated  vein  is  convex;  and  the  regular  alter- 
nation of  convex  and  concave  veins  is  preserved. 

By  soaking  an  adult  wing  in  a  10-15%  caustic  soda  solution 
for  24  to  48  hours,  the  connections  between  the  two  sides  of 
the  wing  are  broken  and  the  wing  separates  into  its  component 
dorsal  and  ventral  parts.  The  two  surfaces  can  be  cut  apart 
at  the  margins  and  mounted  on  a  slide  for  study. 

The  striking  feature  to  be  noted  on  a  wing  which  has  been 
treated  thus  is  that  all  the  convex  veins  belong  to  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  wing  and  the  concave  veins  to  the  ventral  sur- 
face of  the  wing.  The  cross  veins  belong  principally  to  the 
dorsal  surface.  Only  at  the  base,  where  they  join  the  con- 
cave veins  which  are  on  the  ventral  surface,  is  a  stump  of  the 
cross  vein  to  be  found,  while  on  the  dorsal  surface  the  cross 
veins  are  always  complete  and  vigorously  developed.  The 
single  exception  to  this  condition  is  in  the  area  between  the 
costal  edge  of  the  wing  and  the  sub-costal  vein.  Here  the 
cross  veins  are  better  developed  on  the  ventral  wing  surface, 
or  at  least  developed  equally  on  both  surfaces  of  the  wing.  It 
is  important  to  note  that  veinlets  at  the  edge  of  the  wings  are 
always  restricted  to  the  dorsal  surface. 

Comstock  and  Needham  in  JTiiit/s  of  fnsccts1  published  a 
nomenclature  which  homologized  the  mayfly  wing  venation 
with  that  of  other  orders.  Morgan2  (1912)  interpreted  the 


104  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,  '32 

median  and  radial  sector  in  the  same  manner  as  Comstock  and 
Needham  had  interpreted  them  in  Odonata.  Tillyard  3  (1922) 
reworked  the  whole  subject  in  correlation  with  his  well  known 
work  on  the  veins  of  the  Odonata.  Lameere  4  (1922),  dealing 
with  the  Paleodictyoptera,  Odonata  and  Ephemerida,  advanced 
the  hypothesis  that  in  the  ancestors  of  these  groups  the  medial 
and  cubital  veins  each  presented  a  configuration  similar  to  that 
of  the  radial  and  its  branch  the  radial  sector,  i.e.,  a  convex 
(radial)  followed  by  a  concave  (radial  sector).  He  terms 
these  the  anterior  median  (convex),  posterior  median  (con- 
cave), anterior  cubital  (convex),  and  posterior  cubital  (con- 
cave). He  also  extended  this  hypothesis  to  the  anal  veins.  In 
living  mayflies  he  contended  that  anterior  medial  and  anterior 
cubital  were  lacking.  Martynov'5  (1922,  published  1924)  holds 
a  view  similar  to  that  of  Lameere  but  considered  only  the 
anterior  median  to  have  been  lost. 

Study  of  the  two  separated  wing  parts  shows  clearly  that 
the  vein  Miss  Morgan  interpreted  as  Rs  is  not  the  radial  sector 
but  that  the  radial  sector  is  in  reality  the  concave  vein  just 
behind  R. 

According  to  Lameere's  hypothesis  it  would  be  necessary,  in 
order  to  maintain  the  regular  alternation  of  convex  and  con- 
cave veins,  which  is  invariably  the  condition  found  in  the  may- 
flies, that  the  posterior  median  had  changed  from  a  concave 
vein  to  a  convex  vein. 

The  loss  of  the  anterior  median,  as  hypothesized  by  Marty- 
nov, would  necessitate  all  concave  veins  posterior  to  the  radial 
sector  to  have  changed  to  convex  veins  and  vice  versa. 

Such  changes  as  these  would  necessitate  the  "jumping"  of  a 
convex  vein  from  the  dorsal  surface  to  the  ventral  wing  sur- 
face and  vice  versa.  Study  of  the  separated  wing  parts  shows 
that  in  no  case  is  there  any  indication  that  any  vein  has  ever 
changed  from  the  dorsal  to  the  ventral  surface  of  the  wing. 
Thus  we  are  safe  in  assuming  that  the  mayfly  possesses  a  com- 
plete and  archaic  set  of  costal,  radial,  medial,  and  cubital  veins, 
i.e.,  an  anterior  convex  vein  followed  by  a  posterior  concave 
member. 

Tillyard6  (1926),  influenced  by  Lameere's  hypothesis,  modi- 
fied his  earlier  nomenclature  and  to  avoid  confusion  I  have 
followed  his  system. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  105 

It  is  hoped  that  this  method  of  study  can  be  used  by  workers 
in  other  groups.  For  a  fuller  discussion  nf  the  Ephemerid 
wing  veins,  the  reader  is  referred  to  my  forthcoming  paper 
on  the  Phylogcny  of  Sonic  Mayfly  (icncra. 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

1.  COMSTOCK,  J.  H.,  and  J.  G.  NEEDHAM.     1898.     The  wings 
of  insects.     Amer.   Nat.  33:117-126. 

2.  MORGAN,  A.  H.      1912.     Homologies  in  the  wing-veins  of 
mayflies.     Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  of  Am.  5:89-106,  5  pi. 

3.  TILLYARD,   R.   J.      1922.     The  wing-venation  of   the  order 
Plectoptera.     Jour.  Linn.  Soc.  24:61;  25:477. 

4.  LAMEERE,   A.      1922.      Sur  la  nervation  alaire  des  insects. 
Bui.    Class,    des    Sci.    Acad.    Roy.    Belgique    1922:38-149. 
(Translation  in  Psyche  30:123-132.) 

5.  MARTYNOV,  A.  V.      1922.     The  interpretation  of  the  wing 
venation  and  tracheation  of  the  Odonata  and  Agnatha.     Rev. 
Russe  Ent.,  18(4)  :145-174.    (Translation  in  Psyche  37:245- 
281.) 

6.  TILLYARD,  R.  J.     1926.     Insects  of  Australia  and  New  Zea- 
land.    Sydney. 

Fifth  International  Congress  of  Entomology. 

Paris,  16-23  July,  1932. 

[Following  is  a  translation  of  the  official  announcement  in 

French.] 

President:  DR.  PAUL  MARCHAL,  Member  of  the  Institute, 
Professor  at  the  National  Agronomic  Institute.  Vice-Presi- 
dents: E.  RABAUD,  Professor  at  the  Sorbonne.  Paris;  DR.  J. 
VILLENEUVE,  Rambouillet ;  P.  DE  PAYERIMHOFF,  Conservator 
of  Waters  and  Forests,  Alger. 

The  Fourth  International  Congress  of  Entomology,  at  Ithaca, 
New  York,  in  August,  1928,  accepting  the  invitation  which  was 
given  to  it  by  the  Entomological  Society  of  France,  unani- 
mously decided  that  the  fifth  meeting  should  be  held  at  Paris 
in  1932,  at  the  same  date  as  that  of  the  Centenary  of  the 
Society.  Dr.  Paul  Marchal  has  been  elected  President  of  the 
Fifth  International  Congress  of  Entomology. 

We  therefore  invite  very  cordially  all  Entomologists  to  take 
part   in    the    forthcoming   Congress   at    Paris.      \\V    beg    them 
also,   with   insistence,   to  honor   the    Entomological    Society   of 
France  by  their  presence  at  the  celebration  of  its   Centenary. 
DR.  P.  MARCHAL,  President  of  the  Congrc^. 
DR.  R.  JEANNEL,  President  of  tlir   Entomological  Society 
of  France. 

Executive  Committee:     Dr.  K.  Jordan.  Permanent  Secretary. 


106  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [April,    '32 

Tring,  England.  Dr.  H.  Eltringham,  Strotid,  England.  Dr.  R. 
Jeannel,  Paris,  France.  Dr.  W.  Horn,  Berlin,  Germany.  Dr. 
Y.  Sjostedt,  Stockholm,  Sweden.  Dr.  O.  A.  Johannsen,  Ithaca, 
New  York,  U.  S.  America. 

French  Committee  of  Organization :  Honorary  members, 
E.  L.  Bouvier,  H.  W.  Brolemann,  J.  de  Joannis,  J.  Sainte- 
Claire  Deville.  Vice-Presidents  of  the  Committee,  F.  Picard, 
E.  Roubaud.  Representatives  of  the  Entomological  Society  of 
France,  L.  Chopard,  R.  Peschet,  C.  Dumont.  Representatives 
of  the  French  Society  of  Apiculture,  G.  Jaubert,  E.  Mamvelle, 
M.  Sevalle.  Representatives  of  the  Commissions,  on  Organiza- 
tion, P.  Vayssiere  (lodgings),  A.  Magdelaine  (meeting  places), 
P.  Marie  (excursions),  L.  Lecharles.  General  Secretary  of  the 
Congress,  Dr.  R.  Jeannel,  45  bis,  rue  de  Buff  on,  Paris  (5e). 

Communications  of  general  interest,  accompanied  as  much 
as  possible  by  photographic  or  cinematographic  projections, 
will  be  made  at  a  number  of  general  sessions  in  the  mornings. 

The  afternoons  will  preferably  be  reserved  for  meetings  of 
the  sections,  divided  as  follows:  1.  General  Entomology; 
2.  Morphology,  Physiology,  Development;  3.  Ecology,  Biogeo- 
graphy ;  4.  Agricultural  Entomology ;  5.  Medical  and  Veteri- 
nary Entomology;  6.  Forest  Entomology;  7.  Apiculture  (9th 
International  Congress  of  Apiculture  and  Annual  Meeting  of 
the  Apis  Club)  ;  8.  Sericulture;  9.  Nomenclature. 

Communications  may  be  made  in  French,  English,  German, 
Italian  or  Spanish.  Each  speaker  is  strongly  requested  to  send 
a  brief  resume  of  his  communication  in  advance.  This  resume 
will  be  printed  and  distributed  before  the  meeting,  which  will 
greatly  facilitate  discussion. 

All  correspondence  relating  to  communications  presented  to 
the  Congress  should  be  addressed  to  Dr.  R.  Jeannel,  Museum 
national  d'Histoire  naturelle,  45  bis,  rue  de  Buff  on,  Paris  (5e). 

Provisional  Program. 
Centenary  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  France. 

Saturday,  July  16th.  Afternoon.  Formal  session  for  the 
Centenary  under  the  presidency  of  a  member  of  the  Govern- 
ment. Discourses.  Addresses  by  Foreign  Delegates.  Concert. 
8  P.  M.,  Banquet  to  the  official  delegates  of  Universities  and 
foreign  Entomological  Societies. 

Sunday,  July  17th,  morning.  Visit  to  the  tomb  of  Latreille, 
first  honorary  president  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  France. 

Fifth  International  Congress  of  Entomology. 

Friday,  July  15,  Saturday,  July  16,  and  Sunday,  July  17.. 
General  Secretary's  office  open  at  the  National  Agronomic  In- 
stitute, 16  rue  Claude  Bernard,  Paris  (5e),  for  the  registra- 
tion of  members,  distribution  of  badges  and  of  invitations. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  107 

Monday,  July  18,  10  A.  M.  Formal  opening  of  the  Con- 
gress under  the  presidency  of  a  member  of  the  Government. 
General  session.  2  P.  M.,  section  meetings.  8  P.  M.,  Theatri- 
cal soiree. 

Tuesday,  July  19.  10  A.  M.,  General  Session.  2  P.  M., 
Section  meetings.  5  P.  M.,  Visit  to  the  National  Museum  of 
Natural  History.  8  P.  M.,  Reception  at  the  City  Hall,  Paris. 

Wednesday,  July  20.  9  A.  M.,  Excursion  to  the  Forest  of 
Fontainebleau. 

Thursday,  July  21.  10  A.  M.,  General  Session.  2  P.  M., 
Section  meetings.  8  P.  M.,  Banquet. 

Friday,  July  22.  10  A.  M.  Section  meetings.  2  P.  M., 
Excursion  to  Versailles  and  in  the  valley  of  Chevreuse. 

Saturday,  July  23.  10  A.  M.  Section  meetings.  3  P.  M. 
Closing  session. 

Sunday,  July  24.  Departure  for  an  excursion  of  several 
days  in  the  Pyrenees. 

During  the  entire  duration  of  the  Congress,  autocar  excur- 
sions will  be  arranged  each  day,  enabling  the  members  to  visit 
Paris  and  its  surroundings  agreeably. 

The  meetings  and  the  office  of  the  secretary  will  be  in  the 
quarters  of  the  National  Agronomic  Institute,  16  rue  Claude 
Bernard,  Paris.  Members  of  the  Congress  and  their  families 
can  have  their  mail  sent  to  this  address.  They  will  find  there,  on 
their  arrival,  all  useful  information  on  lodgings,  program  of  the 
Congress,  invitations  to  celebrations  and  excursions.  The  Secre- 
tary's office  will  place  at  their  disposition  a  post-office,  a  travel 
bureau  and  an  information  bureau  where  interpreters  will  be 
at  their  disposition  to  guide  them  in  visiting  Paris.  Tea  will 
be  served  each  day  at  5  P.  M.  in  the  parlors  of  the  Congress 
at  the  Agronomic  Institute. 

Everyone  registered  for  the  Congress  will  receive  invitations 
for  the  celebration  of  the  Centenary  of  the  Entomological  Soci- 
ety of  France. 

Lodgings.  Tariffs  of  the  principal  hotels  will  be  sent  with 
a  forthcoming  circular.  We  can  reserve  rooms  at  an  avera-r 
price  of  25  francs  per  room  with  one  bed  for  one  person,  and  of 
40  francs  per  room  with  a  large  bed  or  with  two  beds.  Students' 
rooms  can  be  hired  in  University  City  at  10  francs  per  room 
with  one  bei 

The  restaurants  of  Paris  are  of  very  diverse  categories.  They 
can  be  found  at  7  francs  per  meal  (fixed  price,  drinks  and 
coffee  included)  up.  But  it  is  advisable  to  reckon  that  a  simple 
but  very  satisfactory  meal  will  cost  from  12  to  20  francs. 

Requests  for  information  concerning  lodgings  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  General  Secretary  or  directly  to  M.  P.  Vayssiere, 
Institut  National  Agronomique,  19,  rue  Claude-Bernard,  Paris 
(5e),  France. 


108  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [April,    '32 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   LAURA   S.    MACKEY    UNDER   THE   SUPERVISION   OF 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining-  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also.  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

tUTNote  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Papers  published   in   the  Entomological  Neu's  are   not   listed. 

GENERAL. — de  Carlo  &  Gemignani. — Generos  y  es- 
pecies  nuevas  para  la  Argentine.  [104]  3:  329-330.  Fer- 
nald,  H.  T. — The  automobile  as  an  insect  collector.  [19] 
26:  231-233.  Gotthardt,  I.  H. — Ammoncarbonat  als  totung- 
smittel  fiir  kleinste  falter.  [18]  25:  423.  Houser,  J.  S- 
Some  problems  in  economic  entomology.  [12]  25:  28-38. 
Jaynes,  H.  A. — Collecting  parasites  of  the  sugercane  borer 
in  South  America.  [12]  25:  64-68.  Pearce,  E.  K.— Insect 
photography.  [8]  68:  28-31,  ill.  Reyniers,  J.  A. — A  method 
of  mounting,  preserving  and  examining  micro-arthropoda. 
[19]  26:  256-258,  ill.  Schedl,  K.  E.— Parasites  reared  from 
forest  insects  in  1929.  [4]  64:  1-2.  de  la  Torre-Bueno,  J.  R. 
—Separates,  reprints,  excerpts,  extras.  [19]  26:  229-230. 
Wildman,  J.  D. — A  simple  method  for  separating  certain 
insects  from  food  products.  [68]  75 :  268-269. 

ANATOMY,   PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Benson,   R.   B.- 

Sawfly  notes. — II.  Parallel  variation  in  Athalia  lugens  and 
Athalia  cordata  (Symphata).  [75]  9:  183-188,  ill.  Ekblom 
&  Stroman. — Geographical  and  biological  stiidies  of  Ano- 
pheles maculipennis  in  Sweden  from  an  epidemiological 
point  of  view.  [K.  Svenska  Vet. — Akad.  Handl.]  11:  113 
pp.,  ill.  Fluke,  Graber  &  Koch. — Populations  of  white  grubs 
in  pastures  with  relation  to  the  environment.  [84]  13:  43- 
50,  ill.  Galan,  F. — Estudios  sobre  la  espermatogenesis  del 
coleoptero  Phytodecta  vnnubilis.  [EOS]  7:  461-501,  ill. 
Kleine,  R. — Der  stridulationsapparat  der  Ipidae.  [17]  49: 
9-11,  ill.  Pyenson  &  Sweetman. — The  effects  of  tempera- 
ture and  moisture  on  the  eggs  of  Epilachna  corrupta  (Coc- 


iii,  '32]  K. \TOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  109 

cinellidae).  [19]  26:  221-226.  Rau,  P.— Rhythmic  period- 
icity and  synchronous  flashing  in  the  firefly',  Photinus  py- 
ralis,  with  notes  on  Photurus  pennsylvanicus.  [84]  13:  7- 
11.  Ricker,  W.  E. — Physiological  changes  and  the  origin 
of  species.  [Canadian  Field  Nat.]  46:  30-31.  Roubaud, 
M.  E. — Des  phenomens  d'histolyse  larvaire  postnymphale 
et  d'alimentation  imaginale  autotrophe  chez  le  moustique 
commun.  Culex  pipiens.  [69]  194:  389-391.  Shelford,  V.  E. 
-An  experimental  and  observational  study  of  the  chinch 
bug  in  relation  to  climate  and  weather.  [Div.  Nat.  Hist. 
Surv.,  Illinois]  19:  487-547,  ill.  Verlaine,  L.— L'instinct  et 
1'intelligence  chez  les  hymenopteres.  [33]  71 :  227-238. 
Wachtler,  Dr. — Ban  und  entwicklung  des  insektenkorpers. 
[18]  25:  427-428.  Zacher,  F. — Untersuchungen  zur  mor- 
phologic und  biologic  der  samenkafer  (Bruchidae-Lariidae). 
[Arbeit.  Biol.  Reichs.  Land-u.  Forstw.]  8:  233-384,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Dunn,  L.  H.- 
Notes  on  the  tick,  Ornithodoros  talaje  infesting  a  house  in 
the  Canal  Zone.  [5]  38:  170-174.  Ewing,  H.  E.— Early  rec- 
ords and  present  known  distribution  in  the  United  States 
of  three  recently  introduced  mites.  [10]  34:  13-16.  Exline, 
H. — Scorpionidea  from  Washington.  [55]  8:  84.  Worley  & 
Pickwell. — The  spiders  of  Nebraska.  [Univ.  Nebraska 
Studies]  27:  129  pp.,  ill. 

THE    SMALLER   ORDERS    OF    INSECTS.— *Banks, 

N. — A  new  species  of  Chrysopa.  [5]  38:  174.  Carpenter, 
F.  M.— Neopanorpa  hirsuta.  [5]  38:  184-185,  ill.  Keifer, 
H.  H. — Diploiulus  luscus  in  California.  [55]  8:  60.  May- 
nard,  E.  A. — Seventeen  additions  to  the  Collembola  of  New 
York.  [19]  26:  217-220.  *Navas,  R.  P.  L.— Insectos  de  la 
Argentina.  [104]  3:  317-324,  ill.  *Silvestri,  F.— Due  nuove 
species  di  Japygidae  (Thysanura)  di  Costa  Rica.  [23]  24: 
65-69,  ill.  *Sjostedt,  Y. — Neues  aus  der  Odonatenwelt 
(S).  [28]  50:  293-296,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— *Ball,  E.  D— New  species  of  Phlepsius 
with  notes  on  others.  (Cicadellidae.)  [55]  8:  85-89.  *Ball, 
E.  D. — A  monographic  revision  of  the  treehoppers  of  the 
tribe  Telamonini  of  North  America.  [70]  12:  69  pp.,  ill. 
*Beamer,  R.  H. — Some  Erythroneura  ('grape  leaf  hoppers) 
of  the  Maculata  group.  (Cicadellidae.)  |4|  64:  12-17,  cont. 
*Boselli,  F.  B. — Descrizione  di  un  nuovo  gent-rc-  di  I'syllidi 
di  S.  Domingo.  Biologia  e  sviluppo  della  Khinocola  suc- 
cincta.  [23]  24:  70-77,  211-221.  ill.  Ekblom,  T.— Xc-w  con- 
tributions to  the  systematic  classification  of  Ilcmiptera- 
Heteroptera.  [28]  169-180,  ill.-  *da  Fonseca,  J.  P.— Xovos 
subsidies  para  o  conheciment  o  do  genero  Laternaria  (  Ful- 
goridae).  [Revista  Ent.J  2:  1-5.  ill.'  *Hungerford,  H.  B.- 
A  new  Velia  from  Peru.  (Veliidae).  [28]  50:  146-147. 


110  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [April,    '32 

*Jensen-Haarup,  A.  C. — Hemipterological  notes  and  de- 
scriptions VI.  (S).  [102J  17:  319-336.  *Knight,  H.  H.- 
Two-  new  species  of  Macrotylus  from  the  western  United 
States.  (Miridae.)  [55]  8:  79-80.  *Lundblad,  O.— Beitrag 
zur  kenntnis  der  Corixiden.  [28]  50:  17-48,  ill.  *Muir,  F.— 
On  some  South  American  Delphacidae.  (Fulgoroidea.) 
[28]  51 :  207-215,  111.  Pinto,  C.— Valor  do  rostro  e  antenas 
na  caracterizac,ao  dos  generos  de  Triatomideos.  Reduvi- 
dioidea.  [Bol.  Biol.]  1931:  45-136,  ill.  (S).  *Walley,  G.  S. 
-Two  new  species  of  Cixius  (Fulgoridae).  [4]  64:  21-22. 
*Van  Duzee,  E.  P. — Four  new  Neotropical  Heteroptera. 
[55]  8:  93-95. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— *Aurivillius,  C.  -  -  Wissenschaftliche 
ergebnisse  der  schwedischen  entomologischen  reisen  des 
Herrn  Dr.  A.  Roman  in  Amazonas  1914-1915  und  1923- 
1924.  [28]  50:  153-168.  *Benjamin,  F.  H.— Notes  and  de- 
scriptions, American  Notodontidae.  [55]  8:  55-60.  Bour- 
quin,  F. — Una  cria  invernal  de  Daritis  sacrifica.  [104]  3: 
325-327.  Breyer,  A. — Dos  nuevos  Noctuidae  argentinos. 
[104]  3:  309-310,  ill.  *Busck,  A. — Description  of  a  new  cos- 
mopterygid  leaf  miner  on  Helianthus.  [10]  34:  17-20,  ill. 
Busck,  A. — On  the  female  genitalia  of  the  microlepidoptera 
and  their  importance  in  the  classification  and  determina- 
tion of  these  moths.  [19]  26:  199-211,  ill.  Chamberlin, 
W.  J.— A  defoliating  noctuid.  [55]  8:  60.  Clark,  A.  H- 
The  butterflies  of  the  District  of  Columbia  and  vicinity. 
[Smiths.  Inst.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.]  Bull.  157:  337  pp.,  ill. 
Comstock  &  Damrners. — The  metamorphosis  of  Heteroch- 
roa  bredowii  californica.  [Bull.  So.  California  Acad.  Sci.] 
30:  83-87,  ill.  Davis,  W.  B. — New  records  of  diurnal  lepi- 
doptera  for  California.  [Bull.  So.  California  Acad.  Sci.]  30: 
93.  *Ferreira  d'Almeida,  R. — Les  Erycinides  du  Bresil. 
Les  premiers  etats  d'un  Dioptidae.  [Lambillionea]  32:  13- 
14,  14-16,  ill.  Forbes,  W.  T.  M. — Supplementary  report 
on  the  Heterocera  or  moths  of  Porto  Rico.  [Jour.  Dept. 
Agric.  Puerto  Rico]  15:  339-394,  ill.  Gaede,  M.— Antwort 
auf  Dr.  Zernys  kritik  meines  Satyriden-Katalogs.  [17]  49: 
22-25.  Hayward,  K.  J. — description  of  the  larva  and  pupa 
of  the  geometrid  Selenis  suero.  [Revista  Ent.]  2:  94-97. 
*Hayward,  K.  J. — Lepidopteros  Argentinos.  Familia 
Nymphalidae.  [104]  4:  199  pp.,  ill.  *Heinrich,  C.— A  new 
sp'ecies  infesting  Annona  (Olethreutidae).  (S.)  [10]  32:  20- 
21,  ill.  *Kei£er,  H.  H. — California  microlepidoptera.  (Gel- 
echiiclae.)  [55]  8:  61-73,  ill.  Keifer,  H.  H.— Gelechia  ver- 
sutella.  [55]  8:  54.  *Kohler,  P. — Los  Psychidae  argen- 
tinos. [104]  3:  347-352,  ill.  Kohler,  P.— El  genero  Hylesia 
en  la  Argentina.  [104]  3:  305-308,  ill.  Krober,  O.— Das 
genus  Esenbeckia  und  die  Gymnochela-untergattung  Am- 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  111 

phichlorops  (Tabanidae).  [Revista  Ent]  2:  52-93,  ill. 
*Lathy,  P.  I.— The  genus  Lanipmspilus.  [75]  9:  180-182. 
(S.)  *Lathy,  P.  I. — New  species  and  races  of  Erycinidae. 
[75]  9:  65-74.  (S.)  McDunnough,  J.— Note  on  two  Can- 
adian species  of  Eupithecia  (Geom.)  [4]  64:  2.  *Orfila, 
R.  N. — Estudios  de  lepklopterologia  Argentina.  [104J  3: 
311-316,  ill.  Richards,  A.  G. — Distributional  studies  on 
southeastern  Rhopalocera.  [19]  26:  234-255.  Talbot,  G.— 
The  name  Colias.  [9]  65:  43.  Turner,  H.  J. — Dates  of 
Hiibner's  plates  (Noctuae).  [21]  44:  9.  *Zerny,  ,H. — Die 
Syntomiden  des  Staates  Para.  [An.  Naturhist.  Mus.  Wienl 
45 :  225-263. 

DIPTERA.— *Aldrich,  J.  M.— A  new  genus  and  two 
new  species  of  muscoid  flies  from  Guatemala.  [10]  34:  23- 
25.  Banks,  N. — Some  Psychodidae  from  the  Carolina 
Mountains.  [19]  26:  227-228'.  Bequaert,  J.— Notes  on  Hip- 
poboscidae.  Hippoboscidae  of  Yucatan.  [5]  38:  186-193. 
*Borgmeier,  T. — Sobre  alguns  phorideos  neotropicaes  do 
Museu  de  Hamburgo  (Phoridae).  [Revista  Ent.]  2:  43-52. 
Bromley,  S.  W. — A  preliminary  annotated  list  of  the  robber 
flies  of  Ohio.  (Asilidae).  [Ohio  State  Mus.  Sci.  Bull.]  1: 
19pp.,  ill.  Curran,  C.  H. — The  genus  Dictya  (Tetanoceri- 
dae).  [40]  517:  7pp.,  ill.  *Diptera  of  Patagonia  and  South 
Chile.  Part  II.  Ease.  4.  Simuliidae.  'By  F.  W.  Edwards. 
Ceratopogonidae.  By  A.  Ingram  &  J-  W.  S.  Macfie.  [Brit. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.]  1931 :  121-232,  ill.  Part  VI.  Ease.  2.  Phor- 
idae. By  H.  Schmitz.  Platypezidae,  Pipunculidae.  By  J.  E. 
Collin.  Sphaeroceridae  (Borboridae).  By  O.  \Y.  Richards. 
Ephydridae.  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.  1931:  43-116,  ill.  [Brit.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.]  Fischer,  C.  R. — Contribuigao  para  o  conheci- 
mento  da  metamorphose  e  posigao  systematica  da  familia 
Tylidae  (Micropezidae).  [Revista  Ent.]  2:  15-24,  ill.  *Hall, 
D.  G. — Two  new  species  of  Sarcophaginae  from  California. 
[55]  8:  52-54,  ill.  *de  Oliveira  Castro,  G.  M.— Kstudo 
sobre  uma  especie  de  Culex,  que  se.  cria  em  buracos  de 
guayamu.  (Culicidae).  [Revista  Ent.]  2:  97-105,  ill.  *Town- 
send,  C.  H.  T. — Five  new  Brazilian  Oestromuscoid  genera. 
[Revista  Ent.]  2:  105-107.  *Wheeler,  W.  M.— A  '  Cuban 
Vermileo.  [5]  38:  165-169 

COLEOPTERA.— *Blaisdell,  F.  E.— Two  new  specie- 
of  Eleodes  from  Utah  (Tenebrionidae).  [55]  8:  74-78. 
*Blaisdell,  F.  E.— Studies  in  the  Mclyridae.  No.  10.  [1]  57: 
325-331,  ill.  *Brown,  W.  J. — New  species  of  ColeopUTu  III. 
[4].  64:  3-12.  Chamberlin,  W.  J. — A  weevil  new  to  Ore- 
gon. [55]  8:  90.  Dallas,  E.  .D. — Un  Dorcacerus  barbatu- 
con  antena  bifida  (Cerambycidae).  [104]  3:  353-355,  ill. 
Dallas,  E.  D. — Extrafia  conformacion  toraxica  en  tin  Steno- 


112  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [April,    '32 

dontes  spinibarbis  ( Cerambycidae).  [104]  3:  333-336.  *Dar- 
lington,  P.  J. — On  some  Caribidae,  including'  new  species, 
from  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee.  [5] 
38:  145-164.  *Fall,  H.  C— Four  new  Buprestidae  from 
Arizona.  [55]  8:  81-84.  Goecke,  H. — Die  gattung  Somin- 
ella  (Chrys  Donaciini)  [2]  27:  152-161.  Griffin,  F.  J.- 
On  the  "Catalogues"  of  the  Collection  of  Coleoptera  of 
Dejean.  [75]  9:  177-178.  Hatch,  M.  H.— Note  on  Pacific 
Coast  Sphaeridiinae.  [55]  8:  78.  *Hoscheck,  A.  B.— Bei- 
trage  zur  kenntnis  der  Buprestiden.  (S).  [Mitt.  Zool.  Mus. 
Berlin]  17:  724-743.  *Hustache,  A. — Curculionides  de  la 
Guadeloupe.  [Faune  Col.  Franchises]  5:  142pp.,  ill.  *Hus- 
tache,  A. — Coleopteres  nouveaux  (Zygopides)  du  British 
Museum.  [75]  9:  74-83.  (S).  MacGillavry,  D.— Cicindela- 
larve.  [58]  8:  300-301.  *Martin,  J.  O.— A  new  Telegeusis 
from  Arizona.  [55]  8:  91-92.  *Mendes,  L.  O.  T.— Uma 
nova  especie  de  genero  Neoterius  (Bostrychidae)  broca  de 
Vitis  vinifera.  [Revista  Ent.]  2:  27-32,  ill.  *Pic,  M.— Sur 
quelques  Hispides  de  1'Amerique  Meridionale.  [104]  3: 
343-346.  Reichensperger,  A. — Ecitophilen  mid  Termito- 
philen  aus  Costa  Rica,  nebst  bemerkungen  iiber  fuhlerbild- 
ung  bei  Mimeciton  (Hist.  Staph.).  [Revista  Ent]  2:  6-14, 
ill.  Smith  &  Allen. — The  migratory  habit  of  the  spotted 
cucumber  beetle.  [12]  25:  53-57.  Voss,  E. — Monographic 
der  Rhynchitinen-Tribus  Rhinomacerini  mid  Rhinorhyn- 
chini.  [2]  27:  162-167,  cont.  *Voss,  E. — Unbeschriebene 
neotropische  Curculioniden.  [Revista  Ent.]  2:  33-43. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Aaron,  S.  F.— The  stinging  soror- 
ity. [Nat.  Mag.]  19:  157-161,  ill.  *Aguayo,  C.  G.— New 
ants  of  the  genus  Macromischa.  (S).  [5]  38:  175-183.  *Doz- 
ier,  H.  L. — An  important  new  encyrtid  parasite  of  the 
mealybug,  Pseudoccus  virgatus.  (S).  [10]  34:  7-9,  ill.  Es- 
sig,  E.  O. — A  small  insect  which  stings  severely.  [68]  75 : 
242-243.  Gallardo,  A. — Algunas  formas  sexuales  aun  no 
descriptas  de  las  hormigas  del  genero  Crematogaster  de 
la  Republica  Argentina.  '[104]  3 :  297-304,  ill.  Hicks,  C.  H. 
-The  hunt  and  capture  of  the  prey  of  a  digger  wasp. 
[Bull.  So.  California  Acad.  Sci.]  30:  75-82,  ill.  Hicks,  C.  H. 
—On  the  digger  wasp,  Podalonia  luctuosa.  [55]  8:  49-51. 
*Menozzi,  C. — Una  nuova  specie,  probabile  mirmecofila,  di 
Anthicus.  (S).  [23]  24:  92-94,  ill.  Nielsen,  E.  T.— Quel- 
ques precedes  ameliores  a  employer  a  1'etude  de  nids  des 
Hymenopteres  solitaires.  [102]  17:  312-318,  ill.  Rau,  P.— 
The  nesting  habits  of  Polistes  rubiginosis,  with  special  ref- 
erence to  Pleometrosis  in  this  and  other  species  of  Polistes 
wasps.  |5|  38:  129-144,  ill.  Weld,  L.  H.— Synonymical  mid 
descriptive  note  on  Pseudeucoila  brasiliensis  (Cynipidae). 
[Revista  Ent.]  2:  24-27. 


MAT.  1932 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XLIII  No.  5 


HAY  1-7  1032 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK.  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Cole — Notes  on  the  Ant  Pogonomyrmex  californicus,  Buckley  (Hym.: 

Formicidae) ...  ...  113 

Blaisdell,  Sr  — A  New  Species  of  Phaleria  from  the  Gulf  Coast  of  Ala- 
bama (Coleop.  :  Tenebrionidae)  .  ....  116 
.Rau — The  Relation  of  the  Size  of  the  Cell  to  the  Sex  of  the  Wasp  in 

Odynerus  foraminatus  Sauss    (Hymenopt.  Vespidae) 119 

Gamble — List  of  the  Aquatic  Beetles  Taken  in  Presque  Isle,  State  Park, 
Lake  Erie.  Pennsylvania  (Coleop.  :   Uytiscidae,   Haliplidae,   Hy- 

drophilidae,  Gyrinidae) 122 

Fernald — Some  Old  Letters.     I.  The  Ways  of  a  Wasp  (Hymenoptera : 

Sphecidae)  ...        ...        124 

Hood — Notes  on  Some  New  York  Odonata 128 

Donohoe — A  Method  of  Preparing  Grasshoppers  for  Pinned  Specimens 

(Orthop.:  Acrididae)  ...  133 

Tietz — Notes  on  a  Few  Night-flying  Butterflies  (Lepid. :  Nymphalidae, 

Hesperiidae)       134 

Entomological  Literature    .    .        .    .  .    .  • 135 

Review — Bremer  &  Kaufmann's  Die  Riibenfliege 139 

Obituary — J.  J.  Joicey 140 

Obituary — Dr.  Reginald  Heber  Howe 140 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1. 

Act  of  October   3,   1917,  authorized  January   IS,   1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate   Editors. 

Advisory  Committee :     Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada    .         .  ....          3.15 

Foreign  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  "  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.    Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu 
tim,   without  change  in  form  and   without  covers,   will   be  given    free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 

Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  art 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 


The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  over  and  above  the  twenty- 
fire  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  35  cents; 
three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages,  twenty-five  copies, 
$1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half -tone  plate,  twenty-five 
copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies.  25  cents;  greater  number* 
W  copies  will  be  »t  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XL1I1 


Plate  V. 


ANT,    POGONOMYRMEX    CALIFORNICUS.-COLE. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLIII.  MAY,    1932  No.  5 

Notes  on  the  Ant  Pogonomyrmex  californicus, 
Buckley  (Hym.:  Formicidae). 

By  A.  C.  COLE,  Jr.,  Ohio  State  University. 

(Plate  V.) 

Pogonomyrmex  californicus1  is  one  of  the  most,  interesting 
species  of  the  genus  to  which  the  well-known  Occident  ant 
(P.  occidentalis  Cr.2)  belongs.  Its  habits  are  somewhat  differ- 
ent from  those  of  occidentalis  yet  the  close  relationship  between 
the  two  species  is  distinctly  noticeable. 

DISTRIBUTION  AND  HABITAT. 

Pogonouiynnc.\-  calif ornicns  is  one  of  the  more  common  ants 
of  the  southwestern  desert  states,  especially  California  and 
Arizona.  Wheeler 3  reports  it  from  California,  Texas,  and 
Grand  Canyon,  Arizona;  Miss  Helen  Green4  from  southern 
California ;  and  the  writer  from  the  vicinity  of  Mojave  and 
Needles,  California,  and  Cameron,  Arizona. 

The  ant  nests  exclusively,  as  far  as  is  known,  in  sandy  or 
pebbly  soil  of  deserts.  This  accounts  for  its  abundance  in  the 
Mojave  and  Painted  Deserts  of  California  and  Arizona.  Ap- 
parently it  has  never  been  found  to  construct  nests  on  the 
"baked"  areas  5  of  deserts  for  it  is  probably  unable  to  excavate 
the  hard  soil.6. 

1 A   description   of   this    species    is   given   by   W.    M.   WHEELER,    New 
agricultural   ants   from  Texas.     Psyche,   IX    (1902),   391. 

2  See   McCooK,    H.   C.,   The   Honey    Ants  of  the   Garden   of  the   Gods, 
and  the  Occident  Ants  of  the  American  Plains.     T.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co., 
Philadelphia,    1882. 

3  WHEELER,  W.   M.,   Ants;   their  structure,  development  and  behavior. 
Columbia  Univ.  Press,  New  York,  192(>,  p.  5nd.     Also,  IDF.M,  New  agri- 
cultural   ants    from    Texas.      Psyche,    IX    (1('()2).    V>3.    and,    IDEM,    the 
ants  of  the  Grand  Canyon.     Bull.  Amer.   \!u-.   Xat.  Hist.,  XXII   (1906), 


4  GREEN,  HELEN  E.,  Preliminary  study  of  the  ants  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. Jour.  Ent.  and  Zod.,  XXIII  (1931),  25. 

c  These  "baked"  areas  are  bare  flats  which  do  not  support  vegeta- 
tion. In  the  Mojave  Desert  they  are  seasonal  lakes  which  have  dried  up. 

"WHEELER,  W.  M.,  Ants;    (1926),   190. 

113 


41932 


114  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

Wheeler  7  states  that  calif  ornicus  is  the  most  abundant  and 
characteristic  ant  of  the  "warm  desert  zone"  of  the  Grand  Can- 
yon which  extends  from  the  Angel  Plateau  to  the  hanks  of 
the  Colorado  River  at  the  bottom  of  the  canyon.  The  altitude, 
moisture  and  temperature  of  this  lower  zone  are  similar  to 
those  of  the  habitats  of  the  ant  in  the  desert  south  of  the  canyon. 

In  the  typical  habitats  of  the  ant  there  is  very  little  moisture 
and  shade  and  an  abundance  of  sunlight  and  high  tempera- 
tures. The  wind  blows  quite  steadily  over  the  Mojave  Desert 
which  greatly  hastens  evaporation.  Shantz  and  Piemeisel 8 
record  the  mean  temperature  of  Mojave,  California  as  62.7 
degrees  over  a  period  of  35  years  and  of  Needles,  California 
as  84.4  degrees  for  the  mean  maximum  and  57.6  degrees  for 
the  mean  minimum  over  a  period  of  23  years.  The  annual 
precipitation  for  Mojave  is  recorded  as  4.86  inches  over  a 
period  of  38  years  and  for  Needles,  4.26  inches  over  a  period 
of  28  years. 

The  following  vegetation  is  typical  of  the  desert  areas  oc- 
cupied by  nests  of  calif  ornicus:  (Fig.  1). 

Atriplex  polycarpa  (Torr.)   S.  Wats. 

Covillea  gluiinosa  (Engelm.)  Rydb. 

Opuntia  spp. 

Yucca  mohavcnsis  Sarg. 

Ph-acelia  sp. 

Fcstuca  octoflora  Walt 

Paroscla  spinosa   (Gray)    Heller 

Franseria  dumosa  A.  Gray 

Sarcobatus  vermiculatus  (Hook.)  Torr. 

Aristida  sp. 

THE  FORMICARIES. 

The  nests,  or  formicaries,  of  P.  calif  ornicus  are  often  mere 
holes  in  the  sand  °  with  sand  sometimes  piled  on  one  side. 
Wheeler  10  states  that  their  nests  are  "low,  flat  craters  from  6 
inches  to  a  foot  in  diameter  with  elegantly  rounded  slopes  and 
slanting,  usually  somewhat  eccentric  entrances."  This  type  of 

7  IDEM.  The  ants  of  the  Grand  Canyon.      (See  footnote  3.) 

8  SHANTZ,  H.  L.,  and  PIEMEISEL,  R.  L.,  Indicator  significance  of  the 
natural   vegetation  of  the  southwestern  desert  region.     Jour.   Agr.   Res., 
XXVIII  (1924),  780  &  783. 

9  WHEELER,  W.  M.,  Psyche,  IX  (1902),  393. 

10  IDEM,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXII    (1906),  341. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  115 

nest  is  shown  in  Figure  2.  The  writer  has  found  both  types 
of  formicaries  and  he  is  inclined  to  believe  that  the  mound  type 
is  more  characteristic  of  the  Mojave  Desert  region. 

The  incipient  mounds  of  californicus  are  small  and  fan- 
shaped  and  in  their  immature  stages  resemble  those  of  P.  occi- 
dcntalis  in  the  semi-desert  regions.  Wheeler  n  states  that  the 
dealated  queens  construct  the  incipient  mounds  in  pure  sand 
"which  is  also  the  substance  in  which  the  adult  colonies  are 
found." 

The  size  of  the  colonies  varies  from  one  to  a  few  hundred 
individuals.12  Apparently  they  never  approach  the  numerical 
strength  of  colonies  of  P.  occidcntalis.  The  workers  make  no 
attempt  to  clear  away  vegetation  surrounding  the  nest. 13 

HARVESTING  ACTIVITIES  OF  THE  ANT. 

Perhaps  the  outstanding  activity  of  these  ants  is  the  harvest- 
ing of  seeds  from  plants  in  areas  adjoining  the  colonies.  Ap- 
parently three  of  the  chief  seeds  harvested  are  those  of  Phacelia 
sp.,  Aristida  sp.  and  Sarcobatus  vcrmiculatus.  The  writer 
found  these  seeds  in  the  chambers  of  most  of  the  nests  opened 
and  the  mounds  were  commonly  surrounded  with  bracts  of 
these  and  other  seeds. 

Harvesting  activity  in  the  Mojave  Desert  seems  to  be  con- 
fined to  the  early  morning  and  late  evening  hours.  Many  of 
the  ants  even  work  at  night.  During  the  heat  of  the  day  I 
found  the  entrances  of  all  nests  of  californicus  closed  with 
sand  or  pebbles.  When  nests  were  opened  under  these  con- 
ditions the  ants  were  from  one  to  a  few  feet  below  the  surface 
where  the  soil  temperature  was  noticeably  lower. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  V. 

Fig.  1. — A  section  of  the  Mojave  Desert.  California.  The  two 
plants  in  the  foreground  are  Yuccu  inoluit'cnsis  Sarg.  while 
a  greater  part  of  the  vegetation  in  the  background  is  com- 
posed of  Cot'illca  glutinosa  (Engeltn.)  Rydb.  (  )riginal. 

Fig.  2. — A  mound  of  Pogonomyrmex  culiforiiicits  liuckley  on 
the  eastern  edge  of  the  Mojave  Desert,  near  Needles  Cali- 
fornia. The  periphery  of  the  mound  is  covered  with  husks 
from  harvested  seeds.  I  he  handkerchief  serves  to  illus- 
trate the  relative  size  of  the  mound.  Original. 

"IDEM,  Ants,  (1926),  190. 

12  Ibid.,  p.  284. 

13  Op.  cit. 


116  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

A  New  Species  of  Phaleria  from  the  Gulf  Coast  of 
Alabama  (Coleop. :  Tenebrionidae). 

By  FRANK  E.   BLAISDELL,   Sr.,   Stanford   Medical  School  and 
California  Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco,  California. 

The  species  belonging  to  the  Tenebrionid  genus  Phaleria 
Latr.,  inhabit  the  sea-beaches  of  both  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
Coasts.  The  species  described  below  is  a  new  and  interesting 
addition  to  those  already  known : 

Phaleria  lodingi,  new  species. 

Form  oval,  depressed,  narowing  very  moderately  anteriorly 
and  posteriorly  to  appear  slightly  subfusiform,  about  twice  as 
long  as  wide.  Color  pale  testaceous,  except  eyes  and  tips  of 
mandibles  which  are  black,  head  sometimes  suffused  with 
piceous.  Pubescence  minute,  extremely  sparse  and  inconspic- 
uous. Surface  microscopically  reticulo-granulate,  luster  dull 
and  the  integuments  thin  and  subdiaphanous. 

Head  about  as  wide  as  long,  scarcely  as  wide  as  the  pronotal 
apex,  widest  across  the  eyes,  canthi  not  in  the  least  prominent; 
sides  before  the  eyes  very  feebly  arcuate  and  convergent  an- 
teriorly, slightly  and  broadly  sinuate  at  the  oblique  sutures,  the 
latter  feebly  indicated  and  blackish ;  epistomal  apex  slightly 
arcuato-truncate,  angles  narrowly  rounded ;  f  rons  scarcely  con- 
vex, extremely  feebly  and  broadly  impressed  from  side  to  side 
before  the  eyes,  frontal  suture  obsolete,  finely,  very  sparsely 
punctate,  punctures  more  distinct  than  elsewhere.  Labrum 
short  and  transverse,  apex  feebly  arcuate,  more  strongly  so 
laterally,  sparsely  and  obsoletely  punctate.  Eyes  large,  trans- 
verse, moderately  prominent  and  convex,  rather  coarsely 
faceted,  emarginate  at  the  anterior  canthi,  narrowly  separated 
beneath.  Antennae  short,  equal  to  the  length  of  the  pronotum 
at  middle,  not  quite  attaining  the  posterior  third;  joints  two 
to  five  inclusive  quite  equal  in  width,  second  a  little  longer  than 
wide,  third  obconical  and  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  fourth 
and  fifth  subequal  and  about  as  long  as  wide;  joints  six  to 
eleven  inclusive  incrassate,  forming  a  six-jointed  moderately 
compressed  club :  joints  seven  to  ten  equal  in  length  and  width, 
transversely  oval,  sixth  slightly  smaller,  eleventh  as  long  as 
wide,  subovate,  feebly  narrowed  apically,  apex  arcuate,  equal 
to  the  tenth  in  width. 

Pronotum  at  base  about  twice  as  wide  as  long  and  twice  as 
wide  as  the  head,  transverse ;  apex  evenly,  not  deeply,  broadly 
emarginate  between  the  obtuse  angles ;  sides  convergent  from 
base  to  apex  and  feebly  arcuate ;  base  broadly  arcuate  and  three- 
fourths  wider  than  the  apex,  angles  nearly  rectangular  and 
narrowly  rounded ;  disk  feebly  and  evenly  convex,  sparsely  and 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  117 

obsoletely  punctulate,  basal  impressions  feeble  and  punctiform 
to  slightly  elongate. 

Elytra  widest  at  middle,  a  little  more  than  three  times  as  long 
as  the  pronotum,  a  third  longer  than  wide ;  sides  broadly  arcuate 
and  continuing  the  line  of  the  pronotal  sides,  obtusely  rounded 
at  apex,  sutural  angles  obliquely  rounded  ;  base  adapted  to  but 
not  wider  than  the  pronotal  base,  broadly  and  arcuately  emarg- 
inate,  humcri  not  in  the  least  prominent  or  tumid ;  disk  evenly 
and  very  moderately  convex,  with  striae  of  small,  feeble  and 
unimpressed  punctures  that  become  obsolete  in  apical  third, 
where  the  striae  are  stronger,  slightly  impressed  and  the  inter- 
vals feebly  convex,  best  observed  under  oblique  illumination, 
interstrial  spaces  quite  impunctulate.  Scutellum  small,  equilat- 
erally  triangular  and  impunctate. 

Under  surface  of  the  body  glabrous  and  for  the  most  part 
obsoletely  punctulate;  metasternum  and  abdomen  very  sparsely 
and  feebly  punctulate,  punctules  slightly  larger  on  the  fifth 
ventral  segment ;  second  and  third  segments  subequal  in  length, 
fourth  a  little  shorter.  Prosternal  process  horizontal,  smooth, 
obtusely  narrowed  apically  and  vertical  posteriorly.  Prosternum 
with  a  small,  more  or  less  distinct,  shallow  rounded  pit  at 
middle  a  short  distance  from  the  base  of  the  process,  at  times 
evanescent. 

Legs  slender,  femora  not  in  the  least  inflated,  flattened,  pro- 
tibiae  moderately  broadly  and  gradually  dilated  apicallv,  tri- 
angulo-clavate  in  outline  and  briefly  arcuate  at  base ;  meso-  and 
metatibiae  straight,  widening  but  slightly  toward  apex  ;  protarsi 
short  and  slightly  stout,  joints  one  to  four  subequal  in  length 
and  width,  the  terminal  quite  equal  in  length  to  the  preceding 
four ;  meso-  and  metatarsi  long  and  slender,  the  latter  about 
eight-ninths  as  long  as  their  tibia.  Abdominal  segments  differ- 
ing in  length  in  the  sexes. 

Male:  A  little  narrower,  fourth  abdominal  segment  four- 
fifths  as  long  as  the  third  and  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  second. 

I'cmale'.  Broader.  Fourth  segment  one-half  the  length  of 
the  second  and  about  three-fifths  as  long  as  the  third. 

Measurements:  (Types)  Length  5-5.5  mm.;  width  2.3-2.8 
mm. 

Ho-lotype,  male,  No.  2954,  and  allolypc,  female,  Xo.  2955,  in 
the  author's  collection.  Museum  of  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences.  Collected  by  H.  P.  Loding,  on  the  Gulf  Beuch  at 
Mobile,  ALABAMA.  T  take  much  pleasure  in  naming  it  after 
Mr.  Loding. 

Fourteen  specimens  studied,  ten  of  which  are  /i</n//y/v.s-  dis- 
tributed as  follows:  Four  in  each  of  the  Author's,  U.  S. 


118  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

National  Museum  and  Mr.  Loding's  collections ;  two  in  that  of 
Henry  Dietrich  of  Lucedale,  Mississippi. 

The  habitat  of  the  species  appears  to  he  local  as  Mr.  Loding 
states  that  he  has  taken  it  in  but  one  place  and  always  under 
or  in  the  vicinity  of  dead  fish. 

Lodingi  is  more  closely  related  to  gracilipcs  Casey  than  to 
any  other  species.  Specimens  have  been  very  carefully  com- 
pared with  the  type  of  gracilipcs  by  Drs.  Buchanan  and  Chapin 
of  the  National  Museum. 

Dr.  Buchanan  states  concerning  gracilipcs  Casey :  "It  is  a 
little  shorter  and  relatively  narrower,  is  darker  brown,  more 
shiny  and  less  distinctly  alutaceous  than  lodingi;  the  punctula- 
tion  of  pronotum,  elytral  intervals  and  venter  is  a  little  heavier. 
Regarding  lodingi  the  paler  color,  more  strongly  developed 
alutaceous  surface  texture,  duller  luster  and  feebler  punctula- 
tion  may  be  in  part  due  to  immaturity.  In  lodingi  the  pro- 
sternum  in  front  of  coxae  has  a  small  pit  or  large  puncture 
which  is  lacking  in  gracilipcs.  The  prothorax  of  lodingi  is  a 
little  broader  relative  to  the  length,  and  has  sides  slightly  less 
arcuate  than  in  gracilipcs." 

Dr.  Chapin  remarks :  "I  am  not  certain  whether  I  would  call 
the  two  the  same  species.  There  is  a  difference  in  locality  that 
may  or  may  not  be  significant.  Loding  tells  me  that  he  finds 
these  at  but  one  place ;  that  would  indicate  that  the  species  is 
rather  narrowly  limited.  So  much  for  the  side  that  the  two 
are  not  the  same.  Against  this,  we  have  only  the  single  type 
specimen  of  Casey's  species.  There  is  no  way  to  tell  how  much 
his  species  varies.  Perhaps  they  are  the  same — I  really  doubt 
it." 

According  to  Col.  Casey's  remarks  gracilipes  is  very  narrow, 
smallest  and  by  far  the  most  slender  species  with  elongate  meta- 
sternum,  allied  only  to  dcbilis  Lee.  The  type  of  gracilipes 
measures  4.5  mm.  in  length  and  1.9  mm.  in  width,  and  was  col- 
lected by  Mr.  W.  Julich  in  Texas,  (supposedly  on  the  sea 
beach,  although  ,iiot  so  stated ) . 

In  closing  Mr.  Loding  says  that  "the  pale  color  of  lodingi  is 
not  due  to  immaturity,  as  all  of  the  specimens  that  he  has  col- 
lected have  been  of  the  same  color."  It  belongs  to  the  group 
of  species  in  which  the  margins  of  the  thorax  and  elytra  are 
not  fimbriate. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  119 

The  Relation  of  the  Size  of  the  Cell  to  the  Sex  of  the 

Wasp  in  Odynerus  foraminatus  Sauss. 

(Hymenopt. :  Vespidae). 

By  PHIL  RAU,  Kirkwood,  Missouri. 

This  wasp  x  nests  in  hollow  twigs  and  ready-made  burrows. 
The  discovery  of  one  of  these  nests  at  just  the  right  time  en- 
abled me  to  make  the  following  notes. 

The  nest  was  in  a  hollow  twig  ten  inches  long,  and  the  open- 
ing was  plugged  with  mud.  There  was  a  \l/2  inch  vestibule 
near  the  plug,  but  this  was  merely  an  exaggeration  of  the  double 
wall  usually  found  between  the  cells.  These  spaces,2  in  my 
opinion,  serve  as  insulation  from  the  extreme  weather  changes 
for  the  immature  insect,  although  Roubaud  thinks  they  serve 
to  confuse  the  parasites.  This  twig  was  one  which  had  been 
hollowed  out  by  some  other  insect  and  served  nicely  the  pur- 
poses of  the  present  occupants.  It  was  one  of  about  fifty  tied 
together  in  a  bundle  and  hung  out-of-doors,  vertically,  just 
for  the  purpose  of  luring  such  insects  as  these  to  kindly  use 
them  in  my  own  back  yard  and  thus  save  me  a  trip  afield. 

The  cells  placed  in  the  tube  from  the  bottom  up  were  meas- 
ured and  the  sex  of  the  occupant  determined  when  they  became 
mature.3  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  only  the  two  bottom 


No.  from        S 
Bottom     Cel 
1     

ize  of 
1,  Inches 

1  .... 
3/4  .... 

3A 

Size  of  Air- 
Sex                     Condition                    space  Above 

.  .  $  Pupa  face  pigmented                    l/4 
.  .   $   Fully    pigmented,    and   wings 
in  early  stage  of  inflation           % 
.    J   .        .  .Comnletelv  develoned  adult          1A 

2     

3     ...\. 

4     

y2  .... 
y*  .... 

M  .... 

ya  .... 

H  .... 

y*  .... 
*/, 

>*0'X>'0'!O*X>  "0  "C 

Completely  developed  adult         l/4 
Completely  developed  adult         *4 
Completely  developed  adult         Y% 
Dead  small  larva                           y% 
Pupa  pigmented,  no  wing 
inflation                                       /4 
Younger;    only   slightly   pig- 
mented                                         7/16 
Very  white                                  3/16 

last   cell-plug   and   the   outside   plug    (the 
in   length. 

5     .    . 

6     

7 

8     

9 

10 

The   space   between  the 
vestibule)   was   \V2   inches 

1  Identified  by  Dr.  Grace  Sandhouse. 

'The  air  spaces  varied  in  size  from  l/»  inch  to  7/16  inch  (see  table). 
3  The  technique  was  carefully  to  split  the  tube,  and  cover  the  occupied 
portion  with  strips  of  celluloid  or  cellophane,  secured  by  adhesive  tape. 


120  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

cells  contained  females  and  were  from  %  to  1  inch  in  length, 
while  all  of  the  upper  eight  cells  contained  males  and  were  only 
Y%  to  ]/2  inch  in  length. 

This  nest  was  taken  and  examined  on  July  29,  1930,  and 
shows  an  interesting  state  of  affairs  in  regard  to  development 
and  emergence.  Even  though  the  eggs  of  the  females  had  been 
the  first  deposited,  they  were  in  a  more  backward  state  of 
development  than  the  males  in  the  four  cells  above  them.  The 
males  in  cells  3,  4,  5  and  6  were  fully  developed  and  ready  to 
emerge,  and  were  undoubtedly  waiting  for  the  inmate  in  cell 
7  to  make  way  for  their  emergence  by  getting  out  itself.  But 
unfortunately,  the  occupant  in  cell  7  had  died,  and  since  this 
one  had  failed  to  open  its  portion  of  the  channel,  all  below 
it  were  imprisoned. 

The  reason  for  slower  development  in  the  females  than  in 
the  males  as  shown  by  the  first  six  cells  is  a  physiological  one 
as  well  as  biological.  The  females,  even  though  the  eggs  had 
been  deposited  first,  were  not  the  first  to  be  ready  to  emerge. 
This  was  probably  due  to  the  larger  size  to  which  they  must 
grow,  plus  the  maturation  of  the  ova ;  the  males,  being  smaller, 
had  less  tissue  to  build  and  therefore  matured  in  less  time. 
From  the  behavioristic  point  of  view,  the  males  needed  to  be 
on  hand  early  to  fly  forth  and  find  females  of  other  colonies. 

While  the  males  in  cells  3,  4,  5  and  6  were  adult  and  waiting 
to  flee  when  the  twig  was  cut,  it  does  not  necessarily  mean  that 
all  of  them  had  become  adult  simultaneously.  It  probably 
means  that  they  became  adult  one  by  one  in  direct  relation  to 
the  time  when  the  eggs  had  been  deposited,  and  merely  waited 
quietly  for  the  younger  brothers  between  them  and  the  door  to 
become  mature  and  break  down  the  walls.  In  cells  8,  9  and  10, 
containing  male  pupae  in  various  stages  of  development,  the 
uppermost  and  youngest  was  a  very  white  pupa,  the  next  slight- 
ly pigmented,  while  the  one  below  was  wholly  pigmented  and 
very  mummy-like ;  which  indicates  that  they  develop  in  order 
of  oviposition. 

Does  the  entire  line  wait  for  the  youngest  wasp  to  become 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  121 

adult  and  start  the  emerging  procession?  Also  when  one  such 
accident  occurs  as  a  dead  wasp  in  the  middle  of  the  line,  does 
the  catastrophe  of  entombment  result?  Or  are  they  capable 
of  modifying  their  usual  behavior  to  suit  the  needs  of  an 
emergency  ? 

In  order  to  test  the  method  of  emergence  in  this  case,  the 
twro  portions  of  the  twig  were  put  together  with  adhesive  tape 
and  placed  in  an  upright  position  in  a  dark  box.  Two  days 
later  I  discovered  that  the  two  lowermost  wasps  had  attained 
adulthood  and  they  along  with  males  in  cells  3  and  4,  had  bitten 
a  hole  through  the  center  of  each  double  plug  and  in  the  door- 
way, and  had  escaped  to  the  floor  of  the  box.  It»seems  clear 
that  the  imprisoned  wasps  did  not  wait  for  the  young  males 
above  them  to  clear  the  way,  but  probably  the  females  below 
them,  when  they  became  full-grown,  took  the  initiative  and  the 
males  followed.  This  seems  more  likely,  because  the  females 
are  larger  and  have  more  powerful  jaws.  They,  on  whose 
energy  the  race  depended,  wasted  no  time  in  loafing,  but  worked 
upward  and  onward,  bringing  freedom  to  those  who  should 
have  opened  the  way  for  them.  The  females  alone  were  physic- 
ally fit  and  physically  capable  to  bite  through  the  several  walls. 

It  is  surprising  that  in  this  abnormal  process  of  liberation 
none  of  the  infants  in  the  upper  rooms  were  disturbed  or  pushed 
to  the  bottom.  They  kept  their  places  in  each  cell,  and  even 
though  these  adults  crowded  past  them,  none  were  injured, 
and  all  eventually  reached  maturity. 

Of  course  the  facts  are  interesting  in  themselves,  and  espe- 
cially the  fact  that  the  large  cells  contained  females  and  the 
small  cells  males,  but  it  adds  nothing  in  answer  to  the  vexing 
problems  of  whether  the  mother  knew  something  about  the 
sex  of  each  egg,  and  provided  food  and  space  according  to 
the  occupancy  of  one  or  the  other  sex.  It  seems  almost  too 
much  to  grant  them  sufficient  foresight  to  do  that  sort  of 
thing,  but  twenty  years  in  the  field  with  these  insects  have 
taught  me  to  expect  the  unexpected,  and  not  to  be  surprised 
at  new  wonders  as  they  crop  up  from  day  to  day. 


122  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

List  of  the  Aquatic  Beetles  Taken  in  Presque  Isle, 
State  Park,  Lake  Erie,  Penna.*  (Coleop.:  Dytis- 
cidae,  Haliplidae,  Hydrophilidae,  Gyrinidae). 

By  JOHN  T.  GAMBLE,  Thiel  College,  Greenville,  Pennsylvania. 

Presque  Isle  State  Park,  located  on  a  peninsula  extending 
into  Lake  Erie  at  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  is  one  of  the  most  unique 
ecological  situations  to  be  found  in  the  United  States.  The 
peninsula  is  a  compound,  recurved  sand-spit  which,1  as  its  name 
implies,  is  almost  insular  in  its  aspects.  Due  to  constant 
changes  in  its  topography  it  presents  a  remarkable  series  of 
aquatic  habitats.  These  consist  of  series  of  ponds  and  marshes, 
separated  by  forest  and  sand  dune  areas,  ranging  along  its 
entire  length  in  a  more  or  less  chronological  sequence.  The 
ponds  near  the  neck  of  the  peninsula  are  several  hundred  years 
old  and  from  these,  extending  toward  the  outer  extremity  of 
the  sand-pit,  there  is  a  succession  of  ponds  of  various  ages, 
sizes  and  shapes  terminating  in  recently  formed  beach  pools. 

While  engaged  in  field  studies  on  the  peninsula  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pittsburgh  Lake  Laboratory  the  writer  was  im- 
pressed by  the  abundance  of  the  aquatic  beetles  in  the  various 
ponds,  which  seemed  to  present  almost  every  type  of  still  water 
situation.  From  1926  to  1931  a  concentrated  effort  was  made 
to  determine  the  species  of  aquatic  Coleoptera  to  be  found  on 
the  peninsula  and  also  to  ascertain,  as  far  as  possible,  the  vari- 
ous factors  involved  in  the  distribution  of  these  species  in  the 
numerous  ponds.2  The  latter  studies  were  made  as  a  contribu- 
tion to  a  general  study  of  the  life  and  distribution  of  animals 
on  the  peninsula  by  the  Zoology  staff  3  at  the  Lake  Laboratory. 

After  completing  the  survey  of  species  the  writer  was  so 
impressed  by  the  number  of  genera  and  species  from  such  a 
restricted  area,  that  he  made  a  comparative  study  of  species 

*  Contribution  from  the  University  of  Pittsburgh   Lake  Laboratory. 

1  JENNINGS,  O.  E.  "A  botanical  survey  of  Presque  Isle,  Erie  County, 
Pennsylvania."  Ann.  Car.  Mus.,  Vol.  V,  Nos.  2  and  3,  1909. 

-  GAMBLE,  J.   T.     "Studies  on  the  ecology  and  distribution  of  aquatic 
beetles  of  Presque  Isle,  Lake  Erie,   Pennsylvania".     Proc.  Penna.  Acad. 
Science,  Vol.  V,   1931. 

3  WILLIAMS,  S.  H.  "Preliminary  report  on  the  animal  ecology  of 
Presque  Isle,  Lake  Erie,  Pennsylvania."  Loc.  cit. 


xliii,  '32] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


123 


abundance  with  lists  from  nearby  states.  A  list  of  the  species 
of  aquatic  coleoptera  collected  on  Presque  Isle  and  a  table 
showing  the  relative  abundance  of  genera  and  species  as  com- 
pared with  New  York  and  Indiana,  is  as  follows : 

Dytiscits  harrisi  Kirby 

jasciventris  Say 
hybridus  Aube 
ivrticalis  Say 
Cybister  fimbriolatns    (Say) 

HALIPLIDAE 
Pcltodvtcs  d  u  ode  din /^iiiic  talus 

(Say) 

innticiis  Lee. 
Haliplus  borealis  Lee. 
fasciatus  Aube 
iiiiinacitlicollis  Harr. 
triopsis   Say 


49. 
50. 
51. 
52. 
53. 

54. 

55. 
56. 
57. 
58. 
59. 


DYTISCIDAE 

1.  Hydr acanthus  tricolor  Say 

2.  Laccophilits  inaculosns  (Germ.) 

3.  proximus  Say 

4.  undatits  Aube 

5.  Hydrovatus  pustulatus  Melsh. 

6.  Desmopachria  convexa   (Aube) 

7.  Bidcssus  affinis   (Say) 

8.  ftavicollis  Lee. 

9.  granarins    (Aube) 

10.  pulicarius    (Aube) 

11.  suburbawus  Fall 

12.  Coclainbits  dispar  Lee. 

13.  impressopunctatns 

(Schall) 

14.  nnbilits  Lee.  60. 

15.  tnrbidns   Lee.  61. 

16.  inaequalis  (Fab.)  62. 

17.  laccophilimis  (Lee.)  63. 

18.  Hydroporus  dichrous  Melsh.  64. 

19.  niger  Say  65. 

20.  clypealis  Sharp  66. 

21.  consimilis  Lee.  67. 

22.  undulatus   Say  68. 

23.  melsheimeri  Fall  69. 

24.  striola  Gyllenhal  70. 

25.  Celina  angustata  Aube  71. 

26.  Copelatus  glyphicus  (Say)  72. 

27.  Agabetes  acnductus  (Harr.)  73. 

28.  Agabus  aeneolus  Crotch  74. 

29.  con  finis   Gyll.  75. 

30.  punctatus   Melsh.  76. 

31.  semivittatus  Lee.  77. 

32.  seriatus   (Say)  78. 

33.  scapularis  Mannh.  79. 

34.  Ilybius  biguttulns    (Germ.)  80. 

35.  confusus  Aube  81. 

36.  ignarns   Lee.  82. 

37.  oblitus  Sharp  83. 

38.  Matus  bicarinatns  (Say) 

39.  Coptotomus  intcrrogatus  (Fab.) 

4Q.  Rhantus   binotatus   Harr.  84. 

41.  bistriatns    (Bergst.)         85. 

42.  flavogriseus  Crotch         86. 

43.  Colymbetes  sculptilis  Harr.  87. 

44.  Hydaticits  piccits  Lee.  88. 

45.  Graphoderes  cinercus  L.  89. 

46.  Therinonectes  basilaris  (Harris)  90. 

47.  Acilins  semisulcatus  Aube  91. 

48.  mediatus    (Say) 


HYDROPHILIDAE 

Helophorus  linearis  Lee. 
lincatits  Say 
nitidulus  Lee. 
Hydrochus  inaequalis  Lee. 
Sphaeridiuin   scarabacoidcs 
Cercyon  pyg-,nacns  Illig. 

tristis  Illig. 

Paracymus  subcuprcus  Say 
Hydrobius  fitscipcs  L. 

melaenus   Germ. 
Anacacna  infitscata   Motsch. 
Enochriis  cinctus  Say 

hainiltoni  Horn 
ochraceus   Melsh. 
perplcxns  Lee. 
Hclocombus  bifidus  Lee. 
Chaetarthria  pallida  Lee. 
Tropistcnins  qlabcr  Lee. 
lateralis  F. 
•ini.i'tits  Lee. 

Hydrophilns  obtiisatus  Say 
Hydrous  triangularis  Say 
Berosus  peregrinus  Herbst 
stria  tits  Say 

GYRINIDAE 

Dineutcs  assimilis  Kirby 
emarginatus  Say 
honii  Roberts 


L. 


Gv> 


nus  aeneolus  Lee. 
li-inbatns  Say 
•iniinitus   F. 
pectoralis   Lee. 
pieeolus  Blatch. 


124  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

Comparison  of  the  aquatic  coleopterous  fauna  of  Presque 
Isle  with  that  of  the  states  of  Indiana  and  New  York. 

Dytiscidae  Hydrophilidae  Haliplidae  Gyrinidae 

Gen.      Spec.       Gen.      Spec.  Gen.     Spec.  Gen.     Spec. 

Presque   Isle1      22          53          14          24  2  6  2  8 

Indiana"  24          70          20          54  2          10  2          15 

New  York3         26         129          25          88  2          17  31 

Both  the  Indiana  and  New  York  lists  include  pond,  stream 
and  terrestrial  representatives  of  the  various  groups,  while  the 
Presque  Isle  list  (with  2  or  3  exceptions)  includes  only  pond 
forms. 

Some  Old  Letters. 

By  H.  T.  FERNALD,  Orlando,  Florida. 
I.     The  Ways  of  a  Wasp  (Hym.:  Sphecidae). 

Pa.,  Sept.  3,   1898. 

Dear    : 

I  have  recently  had  an  experience  in  which  I  am  sure  you 
will  he  interested  and  am  therefore  writing  you  somewhat  at 
length  about  it. 

Before  I  really  begin,  let  me  say  that  in  order  to  make  cer- 
tain actions  which  I  shall  describe,  stand  out  more  clearly,  I 
shall  also  explain  them  in  such  terms  as  would  hold,  I  think, 
if  it  were  a  person  concerned  rather  than  a  wasp.  But  I  do 
not  thereby  commit  myself  even  for  a  moment  to  the  position 
that  these  explanations  would  hold  for  the  wasp.  In  fact,  who 
can  with  any  certainty  account  for  the  actions  of  a  wasp?  We 
explain  such  actions  in  terms  of  our  own  mentality  but  they 
may  be  totally  different,  from  the  standpoint  of  the  wasp. 

A  few  days  ago,  early  in  the  afternoon,  I  was  walking  along 
a  path  near  my  house  when  I  saw,  almost  at  my  feet  on  the 
walk,  a  small  digger  wasp  dragging  along  a  caterpillar  which 
either  was  or  closely  resembled  that  of  a  nearly  full-grown 
cabbage  butterfly.  The  walk,  which  was  about  five  feet  wide, 
was  made  of  soft  coal  ashes  (cinders)  and  while  somewhat 
trodden  down  was  nevertheless  rather  rough  and  loose,  partic- 

1  From   preceding  list. 

"  From   Blatchley,   "Coleoptera  of  Indiana." 

3  From   Leonard,   "Insects  of   New   York." 


xliii,   '32] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


125 


ularly  toward  its  sides,  which  made  the  dragging  rather  hard 
for  the  wasp  which  was  only  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch 
long,  and  which  later  proved  to  be  Ainmophila  nniaria 
(Dahlb.).* 

The  wasp,  when  first  seen,  was  astride  the  body  of  the  cater- 
pillar, dragging  it  along  in  the  manner  so  delightfully  described 
recently  by  the  Peckhams  in  their  book  with  which  I  know  you 
are  familiar. 

After  a  time  the  insect  seemed  to  tire  of  this  method,  for  it 
let  go  of  the  caterpillar  and,  grasping  its  head,  backed  off 
dragging  the  caterpillar  after  it.  This  proving  unsatisfactory 
or  tiresome,  however,  it  shortly  resumed  its  first  position. 


I 


B 


A,  Walk  ;  B.  Cross  Walk  :  C,  Grass ;  D,  Road  ;  E,  Where  wasp  was 
first  seen ;  F,  Hole  ;  G,  H,  Where  the  wasp  climbed  up  the  grass ;  EF. 
Direct  line  to  hole;  EGHF,  Approximate  path  of  wasp. 

The  path  of  the  wasp  was  obliquely  across  the  walk,  at  the 
side  of  which  was  a  grass  strip  about  seven  feet  wide,  separat- 
ing the  walk  from  a  carriage  road  also  made  of  cinders,  well 
packed  by  passing  wheels  except  for  about  two  feet  near  the 
grass,  where,  as  this  part  was  little  used,  it  was  quite  loose.  A 
few  feet  beyond  the  wasp  a  cross  walk  ran  from  the  main  one 
on  which  the  wasp  was,  to  this  road.  It  was  evident  that  if 
the  wasp  maintained  the  direction  she  was  taking  across  the 

*  Now  Sphcx  arvcnsis   (Dahlb.). 


126  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

walk  she  would  enter  the  grass  and  reach  the  road  before  com- 
ing to  the  cross  walk. 

Forgetful  of  everything  else  I  watched  that  wasp,  as  she 
tugged  and  strained,  dragging  her  burden  along  and  finally 
entered  the  grass.  Here,  however,  difficulties  unforeseen  ap- 
peared. The  grass  stems  were  quite  close  together  and  about 
four  inches  high,  the  lawn-mower  not  having  been  over  that 
place  for  some  time.  Under  these  conditions  the  wasp  was 
dragging  her  burden  through  what,  to  her,  was  a  dense  forest, 
with  the  trees  growing  close  together,  to  add  to  the  difficulty 
of  her  task.  No  wonder  then,  that  her  path,  at  first  as  straight 
as  could  be  expected  under  the  circumstances,  became  more 
winding  as  she  dragged  the  caterpillar  between  the  grass  stems 
seeking  for  the  easiest  way  and  finally  led  in  quite  a  different 
direction  from  that  first  taken.  That  she  seemingly  realized 
this  may  be  why  she  let  go  of  the  caterpillar  and  climbed  to 
the  top  of  a  grass  stem  (I  almost  wrote  it — tree).  Here  her 
head  could  be  seen  turning  slowly  from  side  to  side  for  about 
a  minute.  Then  she  descended,  grasped  the  caterpillar  and 
started  off,  this  time  practically  on  her  course  again. 

But  the  same  difficulties  as  before  were  present.     She  was 

•still  less  than  half  way  across  the  strip  of  grass  and  after  a 

time  she  again  began  to  stray.     To  overcome  this  difficulty  the 

same  method  as  before  was  adopted.     Another  grass  stem  was 

climbed  and  from  its  top  the  wasp  again  viewed  the  scenery! 

At  this  point  in  her  wanderings  the  wasp  had  strayed  so  far 
from  her  original  direction  that  she  was  nearer  to  the  cross 
walk  than  to  the  road  which  she  seemed  to  have  been  heading 
for,  and  if  human  interpretation  of  her  next  acts  may  be  ac- 
cepted, she  decided  that  the  best  thing  to  do  would  be  get  out 
of  the  grass.  Accordingly  she  went  down  and  picked  up  the 
caterpillar,  but  this  time,  instead  of  resuming  her  original  direc- 
tion, she  headed  for  the  nearest  clear  place,  the  cross  walk,  and 
after  some  effort  reached  it  about  a  foot  from  where  it  joined 
the  road.  Dragging,  half  carrying  the  caterpillar,  she  hurried 
along  the  side  of  the  walk  close  to  the  grass,  turned  the  corner 
and  went  along  the  road  toward  where  her  original  line  of 
march  would  have  brought  her,  and  about  a  foot  out  from  the 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  XKWS  127 

grass.  Arrived  at  the  line  of  her  original  march  she  laid  down 
the  caterpillar  and  began  hunting  over  an  area  eight  or  ten 
inches  in  diameter.  Then  spying  a  small,  thin  piece  of  slate 
evidently  from  the  roof  of  a  recently  constructed  building  near 
by,  she  went  to  it,  pushed  it  to  one  side,  and  beneath  it  was  a 
hole !  She  had  reached  her  goal. 

And  now  to  dispose  of  her  prey.  Pulling  the  caterpillar  near 
the  mouth  of  the  hole  the  wasp  now  placed  her  antennae  in  the 
opening,  pressing  them  against  its  sides;  then  withdrawing 
them,  placed  them  on  opposite  sides  of  the  caterpillar,  after 
which  she  repeated  the  process.  The  human  intellect  would 
assume  she  was  measuring  to  see  if  the  caterpillar  was  too  large 
for  the  hole.  What  the  wasp  thought,  who  can  tell  ?  Her  next 
act  was  to  step  astride  the  caterpillar,  pick  it  up  and  start  down 
the  hole.  But  here  a  difficulty  appeared :  the  hole  was  large 
enough  for  the  caterpillar  or  for  the  wasp,  but  not  for  the  two 
together.  After  a  brief  struggle  the  wasp  backed  out  of  the  hole 
—she  did  get  her  head  part  way  in — and  for  a  third  time  re- 
peated her  seemingly  measuring  movements  with  her  antennae. 
Then  followed  a  pause.  Would  she  enlarge  the  hole;  give  it 
up  altogether;  or  what  would  happen?  After  a  few  moments 
of  absolute  quiet  she  drew  the  head  of  the  caterpillar  close  to 
the  hole,  which  she  then  entered  herself.  Reappearing  a  mo- 
ment later,  heading  outward,  she  reached  out,  grasped  the 
caterpillar  and  backed  down  out  of  sight,  dragging  the  cater- 
pillar after  her. 

At  this  point  I  became  fearful  that  the  wasp  might  escape 
and  so  when  it  came  out  about  a  minute  later  it  found  itself 
in  a  cyanide  bottle.  I  therefore  lost  any  opportunity  of  seeing 
what  would  happen  afterward  such  as  the  process  of  filling 
the  hole,  the  possible  pounding  down  of  the  earth  with  a  stone, 
or  the  various  actions  chronicled  by  different  observers. 

The  hole  was  between  three  and  four  inches  deep,  sloping 
obliquely  downward,  slightly  greater  in  diameter  in  its  lower 
third,  and  here  I  found  the  caterpillar  with  an  egg  attached  to 
its  side  at  about  the  fourth  segment  behind  the  head. 

How  to  account  for  the  remarkable  actions  of  this  wasp  is 
a  problem  unless  the  fact  that  it  (and  probably  several  gen- 


128  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

erations  preceding)  lived  on  a  college  campus  be  considered. 
If  its  mental  activities  were  in  some  way  affected  by  the  intellec- 
tual atmosphere  present  there,  an  explanation,  perhaps,  is  found ! 
I  shall  not  publish  this  account  at  present  for  I  feel  sure 
it  would  not  be  believed.  I  do  feel  confident,  though,  that 
observations  during  the  next  quarter-century  will  bring  to 
light  such  remarkable  actions  by  wasps  that  by  that  time  this 
description  of  my  observations  will  be  much  more  acceptable 
than  now. 

Yours  sincerely, 


Notes  on  Some  New  York  Odonata. 

By  J.  DOUGLAS  HOOD,  University  of  Rochester,  Rochester, 

New  York. 

The  dragonfly  is  worthy  game,  whether  sought  with  the  net, 
the  camera,  or,  as  advocated  by  a  recent  contributor  to  one  of 
our  leading  sporting  magazines,  with  the  rifle  loaded  with  shot 
cartridges.*  As  an  adjunct  to  the  fly-rod,  the  insect-net  has 
been  in  New  York  for  several  years  my  constant  companion, 
and  pleasant  days  on  Adirondack  streams  have  owed  much  of 
their  pleasure  (and  frequently  most  of  their  profit!)  to  the  net 
rather  than  the  rod.  A  few  of  the  observations  made  at  such 
times  and  others,  together  with  certain  distributional  records 
which  have  seemed  worth  while,  form  the  contents  of  this 
paper. 

CALOPTERYX  AM  ATA  Hagen.  This  strong-flying  dragonfly, 
recorded  in  New  York  only  from  Franklin  and  Essex  counties, 
is  common  along  the  Little  River  near  Oswegatchie,  N.  Y., 
where  it  seems  to  frequent  the  mouths  of  the  numerous  cold 
spring-runs.  It  is  more  wary  than  its  congener  C.  maculata, 
and  consequently  much  more  difficult  to  capture.  Its  flight  is 
more  direct  and  not  as  fluttering,  and  when  hawking  along  the 
stream  margins  it  may  frequently  be  mistaken  for  a  gomphine. 
Specimens  have  been  collected  from  June  17  to  July  27. 

The  male  in  courting  frequently  flutters  poised  in  front  of 

*  Burton,  Lester  A.,  "A  Shootin'  Yarn",  Field  and  Stream,  1932,  No. 
9,  p.  46   (Dec.,  1931). 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  129 

the  seemingly  disinterested  female,  usually  alight  on  an  alder 
leaf  over  the  water,  for  a  full  thirty  seconds,  moving  only  a 
few  inches  away  during  the  entire  period. 

LESTES  INAEQUALIS  Walsh.  In  the  New  York  state  list  of 
insects,*  Needham  records  this  species  from  Staten  Island  only, 
where  it  was  taken  in  June  and  July  by  William  T.  Davis. 

About  Rochester  it  is  not  uncommon  in  certain  vears.     In 

j 

1929  it  was  frequently  encountered  at  Sodus  Bay  (Wayne 
Co.),  where  in  the  previous  year  only  its  congener  vnjUa.r  was 
taken.  In  1928  it  appeared  to  be  the  commonest  large  Lestes 
at  Long  Pond  (Monroe  Co.).  The  dates  of  capture  range 
from  June  19  to  July  19. 

ENALLAGMA  ANTENNATUM  (Say).  This  is  one  of  the  domi- 
nant species  along  the  old  and  abandoned  Erie  Canal  at  Wayne- 
port,  N.  Y.  Specimens  were  taken  in  numbers  July  25.  It 
is  one  of  our  rarer  Enallagmas  having  been  recorded  in  the 
State  only  from  St.  Lawrence,  Essex,  and  Tompkins  counties. 

OPHIOGOMPHUS  CAROLUS  Needham.  My  experience  with 
this  species  in  the  field  is  not  at  all  in  agreement  with  that  of 
Needham,  who  says  (Bull.  47,  N.  Y.  State  Mus.,  p.  439;  1901), 
"Few  images  have  been  taken  at  large,  and,  indeed,  they  are 
rarely  met  with";  and  also  (Can.  Ent.,  29:  183;  1897),  "It 
was  easy  to  collect  the  nymphs  by  hundreds  in  April,  and  in 
May  the  banks  of  the  waters  they  frequented  were  fairly 
covered  with  exuviae.  Yet,  outside  of  my  breeding  cages  I 
saw  but  one  live  imago,  notwithstanding  I  was  doing  much 
collecting  at  all  times  and  in  all  places  considered  favorable. 
Where  were  they?" 

Along  Willseyville  Creek  and  Six-mile  Creek,  in  Tompkins 
County,  this  was  the  commonest  dragon-fly  in  June.  lf)26.  In 
the  riffles  it  was  the  exception  to  find  an  unoccupied  boulder; 
and  frequently  a  larger  boulder  would  serve  as  a  resting  and 
reconnoitcTi'ng  station  for  two  or  three  individuals.  Long  series 
of  males  (and  one  female)  were  taken  in  the  period  between 
June  16  and  June  28. 

The  answer  to  Needham's  question   is  that  after  emergence 

*  Leonard,  M.  D.,  c t  al,  "A  List  of  the  Insects  of  New  York,  with  a 
List  of  the  Spiders  and  Certain  other  Allied  Groups",  Man.  101,  Cornell 
Univ.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta. ;  1928. 


130  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

this  dragonfly,  probably  like  all  others,  leaves  the  vicinity  of 
the  body  of  water  in  which  the  nymphal  life  was  passed  and 
remains  away  until  the  wings  and  integument  are  fully  hardened 
and  until  sexual  maturity  brings  them  back  to  the  water  for 
the  purpose  of  mating  and  egg-laying.  Did  dragonflies  not 
habitually  do  this,  the  competition  for  food  would  be  extreme, 
especially  where  many  thousands  emerge  along  each  few  hun- 
dred feet  of  shore  line. 

The  emergence  of  our  dragonflies  from  the  warming  waters 
begins  in  the  spring  with  Ana.r  jitnius  and  Ischnura  vcrticalis, 
the  first  forms  to  be  seen  on  the  wing  in  this  latitude.  The 
transformation  of  the  numerous  species  is  continued  through- 
out the  summer,  until  August  and  September  bring  out  from 
the  water  the  last  of  the  aeshnas  and  sympetrums.  In  this 
orderly  cycle,  many  cordulines  follow  most  of  the  Zygoptera 
and  the  libellulines  precede  the  large  aeshnas.  The  number 
produced  is  astonishing.  From  each  foot  of  shore  line  in  suit- 
able bodies  of  water  many  dozens  of  individuals  take  wing. 
One  year  Mr.  E.  A.  Maynard,  one  of  my  colleagues,  found  at 
Conesus  Lake,  on  each  of  two  successive  nights,  an  average 
emergence  of  five  Epicordulia  princeps  to  each  linear  foot  of 
shore ;  and  yet  this  species  is  never  abundant  over  the  water, 
and  is  only  one  of  nearly  a  score  of  species  to  complete  its 
transformation  among  the  rushes  and  flag  which  border  most 
of  the  lake.  Did  every  individual  of  all  the  species  remain  in 
the  vicinity  of  its  nymphal  home,  there  would  scarcely  be  flying 
room  for  them,  and  of  food  almost  nothing  at  all. 

Ophiogouiplms  carol  its  emerges  in  May,  according  to  Need- 
ham,  and  several  weeks  apparently  elapse  before  its  return  in 
sufficient  numbers  to  be  noticeable. 

It  is  a  beautiful  insect,  with  the  ground  color  of  matured 
males  bright  grass-green,  and  the  spots  on  abdominal  tergites 
7-10  and  the  terminal  appendages  yellow.  The  median  spots 
on  the  basal  tergites  are  decidedly  greenish.  Reared  individuals 
never  attain  this  full  coloration,  which  is  much  brighter  than 
that  described  by  Needham. 

OPHIOGOMPHUS  RUPINSULENSIS  (Walsh).  Recorded  in  the 
state  from  Tompkins,  Schoharie,  and  Sullivan  counties,  this 
has  been  taken  at  Lakeville  (on  Conesus  Lake),  June  3,  1928 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  131 

(I  $  ,  just  emerged),  by  E.  A.  Maynard;  and  at  Cranberry 
Lake,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  Aug.  4,  1926  (1  ?  ),  by  the 
writer.  I  have  seen  it  also  at  Oswegatchie,  on  the  Little  River, 
resting  on  inaccessible  boulders  in  midstream. 

LANTHUS  ALBISTYLUS  (Hagen).  Early  in  August,  this  is 
easily  the  commonest  dragonfly  along  the  Oswegatchie  River, 
a  mile  or  so  below  Cranberry  Lake  where  the  water  comes  over 
a  log  chute.  In  the  state  it  has  been  recorded  only  from  the 
"Ramapo  Mts.,  close  to  [New  Jersey]  state  line." 

BOYERIA  GRAFIANA  Williamson.  The  state  list  of  insects 
records  this  species  from  Herkimer,  Greene,  and  Orange 
counties.  I  have  taken  it  at  Oswegatchie,  along  the  Little 
River,  August  28  and  29,  1930  (2$  $}. 

HELOCORDULIA  UHLERI  (Selys).  Frequents  the  shady  nooks 
between  large  boulders  and  beneath  trees  along  the  margin  of 
the  Little  River,  near  Oswegatchie,  N.  Y.,  in  late  June  and 
early  July,  flying  throughout  the  day.  Though  it  explores  the 
shade  rather  deliberately,  I  have  found  it  difficult  to  capture, 
apparently  because  it  flies  close  to  the  water's  surface.  Three 
specimens  only  were  taken  in  two  days  of  watchfulness  (July  2 
and  6,  1931). 

CORDULIA  SHURTLEFFI  Scudder.  Two  males  were  taken  at 
Mud  Pond,  on  the  Lloyd-Cornell  Reservation  near  McLean,  in 
Tompkins  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  14  and  26,  1926,  and  the  species  is 
thus  an  addition  to  the  list  known  from  that  area.  This,  too, 
is  the  only  record  for  Tompkins  Co.,  I  believe. 

SOMATOCHLORA  ELONGATA  (Scudder).  One  male  of  this 
species  was  taken  on  the  Oswegatchie  River  near  Oswegatchie, 
N.  Y.,  August  3,  1926.  In  the  state  it  has  heretofore  been 
recorded  only  from  Ithaca. 

SOMATOCHLORA  TENEBROSA  (Say).  This  is  an  abundant 
dragonfly  in  Bergen  Swamp,  Genesee  Co.,  during  at  least  the 
latter  half  of  July.  Both  sexes  have  been  taken  in  numbers. 

SOMATOCHLORA  WALSHII  (Scudder).  This  is  likewise  com- 
mon in  Bergen  Swamp,  Genesee  Co.,  where  specimen-  of  both 
sexes  have  been  taken  July  17  and  25.  From  (  Kwegatchie. 
St.  Lawrence  Co.,  I  have  one  male  taken  August  3,  192(>. 

SOMATOCHLORA  WILLIAMSON!  \Yalker.  Xeedliam  records 
this  in  the  state  list  from  Saranac  Inn  (Franklin  Co.)  and  Fair 


132  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,    '32 

Haven,  on  Lake  Ontario  (Cayuga  Co.).  I  have  it  from  Sodus 
Bay  (Wayne  Co.),  September  10  (1#)  and  September  11 
(1  $  ),  1925;  from  Adirondack  Lodge  (Essex  Co.),  August  5, 
1926  (55),  where  it  is  common  about  Clear  Lake  (sometimes 
called  Heart  Lake)  ;  from  Cranberry  Lake  (St.  Lawrence  Co.), 
August  4,  1926  (I  $  )  ;  and  from  Rochester  (Monroe  Co.), 
July  31,  1928  (1<5  ),  Grace  L.  Murray. 

NANNOTHEMIS  BELLA  (Uhler).  This,  our  smallest  dragon- 
fly, is  very  abundant  in  Bergen  Swamp,  Genesee  Co.,  where, 
however,  it  apparently  confines  itself  to  a  small  area  of  marl 
near  the  middle  of  the  swamp.  The  water  is  there  only  a  few 
inches  deep.  Males  fly  actively  on  inconspicuous  wings,  look- 
ing like  animated  patches  of  bluish  down ;  while  the  females 
are  more  likely  to  be  found  resting  quietly  on  the  low  grass 
about  the  water's  edge.  Dozens  were  taken  between  June  25 
and  September  2,  by  Richard  C.  Hart,  Grace  L.  Murray,  and 
myself. 

E.  B.  Williamson  says  in  a  recent  letter,  "I've  seen  it  alive 
only  a  few  times— always  in  Indiana." 

In  New  York,  Needham  records  it  in  the  state  list  from 
Mt.  Marcy  (the  highest  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex 
Co.),  from  New  York  City,  and  from  Staten  and  Long  Islands. 

SYMPETRUM  CORRUPTUM  (Hagen).  New  York  records  of 
this  species  are  confined  to  Rochester,  Buffalo,  and  Staten 
Island.  I  have  one  male  taken  at  Ithaca,  July  8,  1926. 

SYMPETRUM  COSTIFERUM  (Hagen).  In  1926  this  species 
was  abundant  at  Ithaca,  around  the  ponds  on  the  fish-hatchery 
grounds,  where  it  had  formerly  never  been  found.  Quite  evi- 
dently it  is  new  to  that  region,  as  Dr.  Needham  and  his  classes 
could  not  possibly  have  overlooked  it.  At  the  Lloyd-Cornell 
Reservation,  near  McLean,  N.  Y.,  I  also  took  one  male  August 
30,  1925.  Davis  has  taken  the  species  frequently  on  Long 
Island ;  but  in  other  parts  of  the  state  it  appears  to  be  rarer, 
having  been  recorded  only  from  Franklin  and  Erie  counties. 

SYMPETRUM  DANAE  (Sulzer).  This  species  has  not  previ- 
ously been  recorded  from  New  York  State.  At  Bergen  Swamp 
(Genesee  Co.)  I  took  one  male  on  August  25,  1930,  flying  over 
the  marl  beds,  which  are  located  deep  in  the  swamp.  Careful 
search  on  later  visits  proved  fruitless,  however. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  133 

A  Method  of  Preparing  Grasshoppers  for  Pinned 
Specimens  (Orthop.:  Acrididae). 

By  HEBER  C.   DONOHOE,   Bureau  of   Entomology, 
U.   S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Many  Acrididae,  particularly  gravid  females,  are  of  such 
large  size  that  to  make  satisfactory  pinned  specimens  the  in- 
ternal organs  must  be  either  removed  and  replaced,  or  treated 
to  prevent  collapse  of  the  body  walls  and  ultimate  decay. 

Two  methods  are  commonly  employed.  The  specimen  may 
be  slit  ventrad  the  length  of  the  abdomen,  the  entire  body  con- 
tents removed,  and  the  cavity  stuffed  with  cotton.  Likewise, 
it  may  be  injected  in  toto  with  melted  paraffin  while  held  sub- 
merged in  a  bath  of  warm  water. 

The  writer  has  employed  both  of  these  methods  with  unsatis- 
factory results.  Stuffed  specimens  offer  favorable  conditions 
for  entrance  and  breeding  of  museum  pests.  Furthermore,  the 
abdominal  walls  of  specimens  so  prepared  are  thin  and  papery 
and  are  easily  torn  and  shattered. 

With  the  paraffin-injection  method,  besides  the  inconvenience 
of  manipulating  a  syringe  containing  hot  paraffin,  injected  spe- 
cimens are  so  heavy  that  they  slip  on  their  pins,  become  readily 
dislodged  and  broken,  and  are  a  constant  danger  to<  other  mate- 
rials pinned  in  the  same  case. 

The  method  finally  adopted  embodies  parts  of  each  process 
and  gives  excellent  results. 

The  first  eight  abdominal  sterna  are  slit  mediad,  and  the 
entire  thoracic  and  abdominal  contents  are  removed  with  a  pair 
of  curved  forceps.  At  this  stage  the  specimen  is  pinned.  Next 
a  bit  of  absorbent  cotton  is  rolled  and  carefully  moulded  to  fit 
the  entire  body  cavity,  and  is  inserted,  first  cephalad  into  the 
cervix  and  thorax,  then  caudad  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
The  final  step  consists  of  painting  melted  paraffin  over  the  cot- 
ton exposed  at  the  slit  by  means  of  a  fine  camel 's-hair  brush. 
The  paraffin,  rapidly  absorbed  by  the  cotton,  forms  a  light, 
solid  core.  As  the  paraffin  begins  to  solidify,  the  edges  of  the 


134  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

incision  may  be  pressed  together  and  given  an  additional  light 
coat  of  paraffin  externally  to  seal  the  cut. 

The  result  is  a  light,  firm  specimen  showing  no  body  open- 
ings for  the  admittance  of  museum  pests  and  resistant  to  such 
invaders  should  they  gain  entrance  by  other  means.  Such  spe- 
cimens are  easily  and  quickly  prepared,  retain  their  normal 
shape  indefinitely,  and  pin  well  in  cases. 

The  grade  of  paraffin  to  use  must  be  determined  by  the 
maximum  temperature  to  which  the  specimens  will  be  exposed. 
In  regions  of  extreme  summer  heat  a  paraffin  of  higher  melting 
point  must  be  used  than  in  cooler  regions. 

In  addition  to  Acrididae,  the  writer  has  employed  this  method 
to  a  slight  extent  for  Tettigoniidae  and  the  tarantula  Eury- 
pelma  calif ornlca  Auss.,  with  highly  satisfactory  results.  Its 
application  should  be  equally  successful  for  the  preparation  of 
all  large,  soft-bodied  arthropods. 


Notes  On  a  Few  Night-flying  Butterflies  (Lepid.: 
Nymphalidae,  Hesperiidae) 

In   looking   over   my   field   notes   and   specimens,    I   find   the 
following  records  which  may  be  of  interest  to  those  collecting 
data  on  the  night  flight  of   diurnals. 
Vanessa  aialanta  Linn. — Taken  at  Richmond  Hill,  Long  Island, 

New  York,  July  16,  1915,  at  night,  at  sugar. 
Vanessa  aialanta  Linn. — Taken  at  State  College,  Pennsylvania, 

on  July  24,   1930,  in  a  light  trap. 

Vanessa  cardui  Linn. — Perfect  specimen  taken  at  State  Col- 
lege, Pennsylvania,  August  22,  1931,  in  a  light  trap. 
Thorybcs  bathyllus  S  &  A — Taken  at  Clemson  College,  South 
Carolina,  between  July  10-15  in  a  light  trap  operated  by 
Mr.  Cartwright.  Specimen  was  sent  to  me  for  identifica- 
tion with  other  light  trap  captures. 

I  believe  that  when  butterflies  do  fly  at  night  they  are  more 
often  stimulated  by  light  than  by  baits. — HARRISON  M.  TIETZ, 
Dept.  Zoology,  Pennsylvania  State  College,  State  College,  Penn- 
sylvania. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  135 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   LAURA    S.    MACK'EY    UNDER    Till-:   SUPERVISION    OF 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  liend  il  is  ini  c:!u<>f!  fo  i<  i  :r>  TS  :•  c  ivod  :il  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  enioimilo.uy  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also.  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

g^Notc  tl:r  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Papers  published   in   the  Entomological  News  are   not  listed. 

GENERAL.— Brues  &  Melander.— Classification  of  In- 
sects. [Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Harvard  Coll.]  73:  672  pp., 
ill.  Carr,  W.  H. — Adventures  with  trailside  insects.  [15] 
195-206,  ill.  DeLong,  D.  M. — Some  problems  encountered 
in  the  estimation  of  insect  populations  by  the  sweeping 
method.  [7]  25:  13-17.  Hamlin,  J.  C. — An  inquiry  into 
the  stability  and  restriction  of  feeding  habits  of  certain 
cactus  insects.  [7[  25:  89-120,  ill.  Larson  &  Hinman. — A 
list  of  insects  collected  in  moss  and  lichens  on  oak  trees 
near  Corvallis,  Oregon.  [10]  34:  43-44.  Lutz,  F.  E.— Our 
ignorance  concerning  insects..  [4]  64:  25-29,  cont.  Maheux, 
G. — Le  mecanisme  des  epidemics-  d'insectes.  [98]  59:  59- 
72,  ill.  McAtee,  W.  L. — Effectiveness  in  nature  of  the  so- 
called  protective  adaptations  in  the  animal  kingdom,  chiefly 
as  illustrated  by  the  food  habits  of  Nearctic  birds.  [Smiths. 
Miscell.  Coll.] '85:  201  pp.  Poulton,  E.  B.— A  hundred 
years  of  evolution.  [Rep.  Brit.  Assoc.  Advance.  Sci.]  1931: 
71-95,  ill.  Scheerpeltz,  O. — Insekten  in  schnee  und  i-is. 
[Der  Naturf..  Berlin]  8:  414-421.  with  plate.  Tavares,  J. 
S. — In  Memurinm.  |  Rroteria]  1:  9-34.  Turner,  H.  J.— 
Nomenclature.  [21]  44:  40.  Van  Duzee,  E.  P.— The  new 
entomological  laboratory  of  the  California  Ar;i>lrinv  of 
Sciences.  [55]  8:  97-101,  ill.  Van  Duzee,  E.  P.— Number- 
ing types.  [55]  8:  101.  Weiss,  H.  B.— John  Pointer's  col- 
lection of  insects.  [6]  40:  95-97. 


136  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

ANATOMY,   PHYSIOLOGY,   ETC.— Abbott,   C.   E.- 

The  proboscis  response  of  insects,  with  special  reference  to 
blowflies.  [7]  25:  241-244.  Dean,  R.  W.— The  alimentary 
canal  of  the  apple  maggot.  Rhagoletis  pomonella  (Trypeti- 
dae).  [7]  25:  210-223,  ill.  deCoursey,  R.  M.— The  feeding 
habits  of  the  first  instar  larvae  of  the  cluster  fly.  [68]  75 : 
287.  Dickman,  A. — Studies  on  the  intestinal  flora  of  ter- 
mites with  reference  to  their  ability  to  digest  cellulose.  [92] 
61 :  85-92.  Hering,  M. — Die  bewegliche  bursa  copulatrix 
bei  Eurycus  cressida.  [46]  24:  576-581,  ill.  Heymons  & 
von  Lengerken. — Studien  iiber  die  lebenserscheinungen  der 
Silphini.  [46]  24:  259-287,  ill.  Hosselet,  C.— Contribution 
a  1'etude  du  Chondriome  chez  les  insectes  (Culicides  et 
Phryganides).  [Arch.  Zool.  Exp.  et  Gen.,  Paris]  72:  273 
pp.,  ill.  Kohler,  W. — Die  entwicklung  der  fltigel  bei  der 
mehlmotte  Ephestia  kiihniella,  mit  besonderer  beriicksich- 
tigung  des  zeichnungsmusters.  [46]  24:  582-681,  ill.  Mar- 
cu,  O. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  stridulationsorgane  der 
Curculioniden-gattungen  Rhinoscapha,  Homalonotus  und 
Dionychus.  [34]  97:  109-111,  ill.  Merker,  E.— Die  sicht- 
barkeit  ultravioletten  lichtes.  [88]  20:  41-49,  ill.  Metcalfe, 
M,  E. — The  structure  and  development  of  the  reproductive 
system  in  the  Coleoptera  with  notes  on  its  homologies. 
[53]  75 :  49-129,  ill.  Misra,  A.  B.— On  the  internal  anatomy 
of  the  male  lac  insect,  Lacifer  lacca  (Coccidae).  [93]  1931: 
1359-1381,  ill.  Shull,  A.  F.~ An  internal  but  non-genetic 
character  affecting  wing  production  in  response  to  light 
in  an  aphid.  [90]  66:  180-183.  Sprung,  F.— Die  fliigeldeck- 
en  der  Carabidae.  [46]  24:  435-490,  ill.  Strasburger,  M.- 
Bau,  funktion  und  variabilitat  des  darmtractus  von  Droso- 
phila  melanogaster.  [94]  140:  539-649,  ill.  Sweetman,  H. 
L.— The  effects  of  temperature  and  moisture  on  the  distri- 
bution of  the  Mexican  bean  beetle,  Epilachna  corrupta.  [7] 
25:  224-240,  ill.  Thomas,  M. — L'instinct  et  la  psychologic 
des  Guepes  predatrices.  [33]  71  :  255-285.  Urban,  F. — Der 
lauf  der  entfliigelten  honigbiene  (Apis  mellifica)  zum  licht 
und  der  einfluss  von  eingriffen  an  receptoren,  centralnerv- 
ensystem  und  effectoren.  [94]  140-355,  ill.  Verlaine,  L.— 
L'instinct  et  1'intelligence  chez  les  Orthopteres.  L'autoto- 
mie  psychique  ou  volontaire  chez  les  Phasmides  (Dixippus 
morosus).  [Mem.  Soc.  R.  Sci.  Liege]  16:  (18),  1-47.  Welsh, 
J.  H. — Specific  influence  of  the  host  on  the  light  responses 
of  parasitic  water  mites.  [92]  61 :  497-499.  Whitehead,  W. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  137 

E. — The  morphology  of  the  head-capsule  of  some  coleop- 
terous larvae.  [Canadian  Jour.  Res.]  6:  227-252,  ill.  Whit- 
ing, P.  W. — Diploid  male  parts  in  gynandromorphs  of 
Habrobracon.  [92]  61  :  478-484,  ill.  Wigglesworth,  V.  B. 
— On  the  function  of  the  so-called  "Rectal  glands"  of  in- 
sects. [53]  75:  131-150,  ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— *Chamberlin,  J. 
C. — On  some  false  scorpions  of  the  superfamily  Cheiridi- 
oidea  (Chelonethida).  [55]  8:  137-144.  Checkering,  A.  M. 
-Notes  and  studies  on  Arachnida.  Araneae  from  the 
Douglas  Lake  Region,  Michigan.  [Pap.  Michigan  Acad.  Sci. 
Arts  &  Letters]  15:  349-355.  *Finnegan,  S— On  a  new 
species  of  mite  of  the  family  Heterozerconidae  parasitic  on 
a  snake.  (S).  [93]  1931:  1349-1357,  ill.  Jacot,  A.  P.-^Moss 
mites.  [Bull.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.]  No.  63:  17-22,  ill. 
Kastner,  A. — Ueber  die  gliederung  der  Solifugae.  [46]  24: 
342-358,  ill.  Petrunkevitch,  A.— Collecting  Hypochilus.  [6] 
40:  19-23. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDER  OF  INSECTS.— *Hood,  J. 

D. — A  new  thrips  from  Plummer's  Island,  Maryland.   [10] 
34:  37-40,  ill.     Miinchburg,  P. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der 
biologic  der  Odonatenfamilie  der  Gomphidae.   [46]  24:  704- 
735,    ill.      Neave,    F. — The    mayflies    of    Lake    Winnipeg. 
[Canadian  Field  Nat.]  46:  54-55. 

HEMIPTERA.— *Gillette  &  Palmer.— Six  new  aphids 
from  Colorado.  [7]  25:  136-151,  ill.  *Gould,  G.  E.— The 
Rhagovelia  of  the  Western  Hemisphere,  with  notes  on 
world  distribution  (Veliidae).  [Sci.  Bull.]  32:  5-61,  ill. 
Jaczewski,  T. — Die  Corixiden  (Corixidae)  des  Zoologischen 
Staatsinstituts  und  Zoologischen  Museums  in  Hamburg. 
[Arch.  f.  Hydrobiol.]  23:  507-519,  ill.  Kemper,  H— Bd- 
trage  zur  biologic  der  bettwanze  (Cimex  lectularius).  |46] 
24:  491-518,  ill.  McAtee  &  Malloch.— Notes  on  the  genera 
of  Isometopinae  (Heteroptera).  [Stylops]  1:  62-70,  ill. 
*Schroeder,  H.  O. — The  genus  Rheumatobates  and  notes 
on  the  male  genitalia  of  some  Gerridae  (Gerridae).  [Sci. 
Bull.]  32:  63-99,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bandermann,  F.--Sehr  uuffallend 
gezeichnete  Pieridenformen  aus  halleschen  puppen.  [  18] 
25;  495-496,  ill.  *Clarke,  J.  F.— New  Microlepidoptera  from 
the  Pacific  Coast:  (Gelechiidae).  [4J  64:  63-69,  ill.  *Eaton, 
T.  H.,  Jr. — A  review  of  some  genera  of  Hesperiinae.  (Hes- 


138  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

periidae).  [7]  25:  18-29,  ill.  *Gunder,  J.  D.— A  few  new 
butterflies.  [55|  8:  123-127.  Huistaert,  R.  P.  G.— Genera 
Insectorum.  Lepidoptera.  Danaidinae  &  Tellervinae.  Fasc. 
193,  215  pp.,  115  c.  pi.  *McDunnough,  J. — Some  undescribed 
races  of  Notoclontidae.  [4]  64:  39.  *Neustetter,  H. — Neue 
Heliconius.  (S).  [64]  3-5.  15-18,  ill.  *Niepelt,  W.— Eine 
neue  amerikanische  Saturniidenform.  [18]  25:  465-466,  ill. 
(S).  *Schaus,  W. — New  species  of  Sphingiclae  and  Satur- 
niidae  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  (S).  [91]  22:  137-148. 
*Talbot,  G. — New  species  and  forms  of  Lepidoptera  from 
South  America.  Lepidoptera  collected  by  Dr.  Salt  in  North 
Colombia.  [Bull.  Hill  Mus.]  4:  189-197/198-205. 

DIPTERA. — Bradley,  G.  H. — On  the  identification  of 
Anopheles  mosquito  larvae  in  Florida.  [10]  34:  41-43.  *Cur- 
ran,  C.  H. — New  American  Syrphidae,  with  notes.  [40]  519: 
9  pp.  Edwards,  F.  W. — Meigen's  "Nouvelle  Classification"  : 
some  remarks  on  Dr.  Hendel's  paper.  [8]  68:  62-64.  Eggle- 
ton,  F.  E. — Limnetic  distribution  and  migration  of  Corethra 
larvae  in  t\vo  Michigan  lakes.  [Pap.  Michigan  Acad.  Sci. 
Arts  &  Letters]  15:  361-388,  ill.  Gerry,  B.  I.— Morpho- 
logical studies  of  the  female  genitalia  of  Cuban  mosquitoes. 
[7]  25:  31-75,  ill.  Hendel,  F.— Meigen's  "Nouvelle  classi- 
fication". [8]  68:  59-62.  *Huckett,  H.  C.— The  North 
American  species  of  the  genus  Limnophora,  with  descrip- 
tions of  new  species  (Muscidae).  [6]  40:  25-76,  cont.  Lutz, 
A, — Sur  Tabanus  importunus.  [77]  109:  751.  Wilson,  J. 
W. —  (See  under  Coleoptera.) 

COLEOPTERA.— *Blackwelder,  R.  E.— The  genus  En- 
deodes  (Melyridae).  [55]  8:  128-136,  ill.  *Chapin,  E.  A.- 
Revision  of  the  pleurostict  Scarabaeidae  of  Cuba  and  the 
Isle  of  Pines.  [7]  25:  173-209,  ill.  von  Dalla  Torre  &  van 
Emden. — Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars.  119.  Curculioni- 
dae :  Brachyderinae:  Pachyrrhynchini.  44  pp.  Dawson  & 
Horn. — The  tiger  beetles  of  Minnesota.  [Univ.  Minn.  Agric. 
Exp.  Sta.]  Tech.  Bull.  56:  13  pp.,  ill.  *Fall,  H.  C.— New 
Coleoptera  XV.  [4]  64:  56-62.  *Fletcher,  F.  C.— Unde- 
scribed North  American  species  of  Pselaphidae,  including 
a  synopsis  of  the  genus  Rhexidius.  [4]  64:  29-35.  Gridelli, 
E.— Studi  sul  genere  Quedius  (Staphyl.).  [27]  64:  14-20,  ill. 
Hatch  &  Beller. — A  preliminary  catalogue  of  the  Chryso- 
melidae  of  Oregon.  [55]  8:  '102-108.  Hopping,  R.'— A 
synonymic  note.  [4]  64:  72.  *Hustache,  A. — Deux  Zygo- 
pini  nouveaux  de  1'Amerique  Meridi,onale  dans  les  Collec- 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  139 

tions  clu  Museum  de  Prague.  [74]  9:  9-10.  Korschefsky,  R. 
— Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  120.  Coccinellidae  II. 
225-659.  *Linsley,  E.  G. — Notes  and  descriptions  of  some 
nc\v  and  old  genera  and  species  of  North  American  Gemini 
and  Methiini.  [55]  8:  112-122.  Linsley,  E.  G.— The  lucanid 
genus  Diphyllostoma.  [55J  8:  109-111.  Maran,  J.— Etudes 
phylogeniques  et  systematiques  sur  la  morphologic  des  ailes 
dans  la  famille  des  Cerambycides.  [74]  8:  20-50,  ill.  Mar- 
tin, J.  O.— Amblycheila  in  California.  [55]  8:  111.  Park,  O. 
The  myrmecocoles  of  Lasius  umbratus  mixtus  aphidicola. 
|7j  25:  77-88,  ill.  *Schwarzer,  B.— Beitrag  zur  kenntnis 
der  Cerambyciden.  (S).  [Senckenberg.]  13:  197-214,  ill. 
Stehr,  W.  C. — The  Coccinellidae  (ladybird  beetles)  of  Min- 
nesota. [Univ.  Minnesota  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.]  Tech.  Bull.  75: 
5-54,  ill.  *Valentine,  J.  M. — Horologion,  a  new  genus  of 
cave  beetles  (Carabidae).  [7]  25:  1-8,  ill.  Wilson,' J.  W.- 
Coleoptera  and  Diptera  collected  from  a  Newr  Jersey  sheep 
pasture.  [6]  40:  77-93. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Arnoldi,  K.  V.— Biologische  beo- 
bachtungen  an  der  neuen  palaarktischen  sklavenhalterameise 
Rossomyrmex  proformicarum,  nebst  einigen  bemerkungen 
iiber  die  beforderungsweise  der  ameisen.  [46]  24:  319-326. 
*Dozier,  H.  L.— Descriptions  of  new  trichogrammatid  egg 
parasites  from  the  West  Indies.  [10]  34:  29-37.  Haug,  G. 
W. — Description  of  the  male  of  Strumigenys  louisianae 
subsp.  laticephala  (Formicidae).  [7]  25:  170-172,  ill.  Mu- 
kerji,  D.— Nests  of  ants.  [34]  97:  301-306,  ill.  *Ross,  H.  H. 
-The  hymenopterous  family  Xyelidae  in  North  America. 
[7]  153-169,  HI.  *Ross,  H.  H.— The  subfamily  Lycaotinae 
in  North  America  (Tenthredinidae).  [4]  64:  40-45,  ill. 
*Wheeler,  W.  M. — A  list  of  the  ants  of  Florida  with  descrip- 
tions of  new  forms.  [6]  40:  1-17. 


SPECIAL  NOTICES. — A  systematic  catalogue  of  For- 
mosan  Coleoptera.  By  Y.  Miwa.  [Rept.  55,  Dept.  Agric. 
Gov.  Res.  lust.,  Formosa].  359  pp.,  incl.  index.  In  English 
except  preface,  with  bibliography  and  bibliographical  refer- 
ence and  synonymy  of  the  species. 

DlK    RUBKNFLIEGE    (PEGOMYIA     IIYOSCYAMI    Pz.).       \'()11    Dr. 

H.  BREMER  und  Dr.  O.  KAUFMANN.  Heft  7  of  Monographien 
/urn  Pflanzenschutz.  Julius  Springer,  Berlin,  1'Ml.  Price, 
R.  M.  12.  100  pp.,  32  fig.  and  charts.  A  very  comprehensive 
booklet  on  the  turnip-fly,  giving  in  a  very  orderly  and  concise 


140  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [May,  '32 

manner  what  is  known  about  this  serious  pest,  with  constant 
reference  to  the  copious  bibliography.  The  taxonomic  history 
of  the  fly  is  briefly  indicated  in  a  rather  extensive  list  of  its 
synonyms  and  host  plants.  The  authors  then  launch  into  its 
biology,  successively  taking  up  the  embryological  development, 
the  effect  of  temperature  on  the  habits  of  the  larva  and  pupa, 
entering  with  considerable  detail  into  the  habits  of  the  larval, 
pupal  and  adult  stages  and  their  sensitiveness  to  various  influ- 
ences. The  important  parasites  and  diseases  of  the  several 
stages  are  mentioned,  and  their  fluctuation  during  the  severe 
epidemics  of  this  pest  in  Europe.  Finally  its  control  through 
cultural  methods,  biologically  and  by  direct  chemical  treatment 
is  reviewed.  Although  really  a  review  of  the  taxonomic,  mor- 
phological, biological  and  economic  literature  of  this  pest,  the 
whole  is  presented  in  such  an  orderly  and  concise  manner,  that 
it  should  prove  a  very  valuable  handbook  to  truck  farmers, 
specializing  in  cabbage,  beet  and  turnip  culture. — E.  T.  CRES- 
SON,  JR. 

OBITUARY. 

Death  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Joicey. 

EDITOR,  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  : 

I  much  regret  to  inform  you  of  the  unexpected  death  of  Mr. 
J.  J.  JOICEY  at  his  Witley  residence  on  March  10th.  The  work 
of  the  Hill  Museum,  Witley,  Surrey,  England,  has  in  conse- 
quence to  cease.  G.  TALBOT. 

DR.  REGINALD  HEBER  HOWE  died  on  January  28,  1932,  as 
we  learn  from  an  obituary  notice  by  Charles  W.  Johnson,  ac- 
companied by  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Howe,  in  the  Bulletin  of  the 
Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  No.  63,  April,  1932.  He 
was  born  in  Quincy,  Massachusetts,  April  10,  1875,  graduated 
from  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School  of  Harvard  University  in 
1901,  obtained  a  doctorate  from  the  Sorbonne,  Paris,  in  1912, 
was  connected  with  the  Middlesex  School,  Concord,  Massa- 
chusetts, until  1920,  and  head  master  of  the  Belmont  Hill  School 
from  1923  to  his  death.  He  published  upon  birds,  lichens  and 
dragonflies  of  New  England,  his  papers  on  the  last  named 
group  including  a  Manual  of  both  adults  and  larvae  and  appear- 
ing in  parts  as  a  Memoir  of  the  Thoreau  Museum  of  Natural 
History  (1917-1927).  His  collection  of  Odonata  was  given  to 
the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  in  1930. 


JUNE,  1932 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

Vol.  XLIII  No.  6 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Ueiin—  Henry  Lorenz  Viereck 141 

Thomas— The  Diseases  of  Elateridae  (Coleoptera) 149 

Schaus— -A  New  Moth  from  Peru  (Lepid.:  Syssphingidae  antea  Satur- 

niidae) 155 

Williamson— Wanted :  Material  for  Study  of  the  Genus  Argia  (Odon.: 

Agrionidae) 156 

Smith — An  Additional  Annotated  List  of  the  Ants  of  Mississippi  (Hym.: 

Formicidae) 157 

Gunder — Inscribing  Author's  "  Extras" 161 

Fernald — Some  Old  Letters.  II.  An  Attrahent  for  the  Monarch  But- 
terfly (Lep.:  Danaldae).  III.  A  Case  of  Mimicry  (Calopteron 
reticulatum  var.  apicale  Lee.  (Coleop. :  Lycidae)  and  Lycomor- 

pha  pholus  Dru.  (Lep..-   Syntomidae) 162 

Entomological  Literature 164 

Cresson — Special  Note 168 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Cla»a  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Seetica  1. 

Act  of  October   3,   1917,  authorized  January   15,   1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors. 

Advisory  Committee:  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .  ....          3.15 

Foreign    .  .  .          3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  "  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of   the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com 
munications  to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
slated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  without  covers  over  and 
above  the  twenty-five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five 
copies,  35  cents;  three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages, 
twenty-five  copies,  $1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone 
plate,  twenty-five  copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty  five  copies,  25  cents: 
greater  numbers  of  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates.  Printed 
covers  for  50  copies,  $4.00  or  more,  according  to  number  of  pagr».  bcumd. 


ENT     NEWS.    VOL.    XLIII.       PLATE   VI. 


HENRY     LORENZ     VIERECK. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


VOL.  XLIII.  JUNE,    1932  No    6 

Henry  Lorenz  Viereck. 

1881-1931. 

(Portrait,  Plate  VI.) 

As  we  reach  middle  age  most  of  us  find  back  in  the  pages 
of  memory  some  picture  of  boyhood  days,  which,  perhaps  more 
sharply  as  the  years  go  on,  stands  forth  with  all  the  glamor  of 
youth  still  fresh  upon  it.  Such  memories  become  treasures  of 
the  mind,  and  those  who  figured  in  them  are,  as  the  years  roll 
on,  inseparable  parts  of  our  lives,  even  though  they  have  passed 
from  our  midst. 

The  most  vivid  impressions  of  my  early  years  are  of  a  little 
group  of  boys  banded  together  through  a  kindred  interest  in 
nature,  and  of  these  Henry  Lorenz  Viereck  was  easily  the  most 
unusual  figure. 

The  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  Philadelphia,  furnished  in  its  then  Museum  Curator, 
Charles  W.  Johnson,  a  man  who  could  interest  boys  in  nature 
and  hold  that  interest  through  the  kaleidoscopic  changes  of 
youth.  To  know  him  as  we  did  was  to  respect  and  love  him, 
for  unbounded  patience,  good  temper,  keen  enthusiasm,  kindly 
help  and  inspiring  generosity.  -  That  he  subsequently  removed 
from  Philadelphia,  and  in  the  environment  of  Boston  became 
a  national  figure  in  entomology,  has  never  caused  us  to  feel 
other  than  that  we  were  the  original  group  of  "Johnson's  boys." 

Our  little  association  rejoiced  in  a  formal  and  pretentious 
name,  the  "Aristotle  Society,"  and  its  existence  extended  over 
a  period  of  many  years  after  the  departure  of  its  original  bene- 
factor to  his  duties  at  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History, 
and  also  after  some  of  its  original  members  were  deeply  en- 
gaged in  entomological  investigations  of  their  own. 

Of   the   original   coterie   three   sub>e<|uently   became   profes- 
sional entomologists, — Charles  T.  Greene,  the  dipterist,  now  at   • 
the  United  States  National  Museum,  Viereck  and  the  writer. 

141  JUN  18  1932 


142  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,    '32 

Viereck  was  generally  the  leader  in  planning  field  rambles,  in 
exploring  out-of-the-way  nooks  and  corners,  in  trying  new 
methods,  and  experimenting  along  new  lines.  From  my  first 
acquaintance  with  him,  when  we  were  both  about  twelve  years 
of  age,  he  possessed  the  inquisitive  spirit  of  the  investigator, 
which  with  a  tireless  body  and  general  obliviousness  to  discom- 
forts, made  him  an  ideal  companion  for  long  collecting  rambles 
in  winter  cold  as  well  as  summer  heat. 

Our  interests  were  broad — insects  first,  but  also  birds,  mol- 
lusks  and  reptiles.  Viereck  owned  a  small  caliber  rifle  which, 
with  shot  cartridges,  supplied  material  for  developing  bird 
skinning  technique.  The  vicinity  of  Philadelphia  was  well 
combed  by  our  little  band  for  some  of  the  rarer  local  mollusks, 
and  salamander  hunts  frequently  added  to  the  small  private 
collections  which  all  true  boy  collectors  acquire.  On  one  oc- 
casion a  full-sized  torpid  snapping  turtle  was  fished  from  a 
small  park  pond  and  transported  alive  in  a  satchel  to  its  doom 
as  a  specimen.  "High"  game  birds,  bought  in  the  market  with 
the  pennies  of  the  group,  were  skinned  and,  at  Viereck's  sug- 
gestion, prepared  with  the  noses  of  the  operators  immunized 
by  clips  made  of  his  sisters'  hair-pins.  With  cheerful  gener- 
osity and  unfailing  good  humor  Viereck  was  always  the  one 
to  offer  more  of  labor  or  boyhood's  slender  funds  to  carry 
out  some  project.  The  crusader  spirit  was  always  strong  in 
him,  in  his  scientific  studies  and  in  his  personal  attitude  toward 
social  and  political  problems  of  the  day.  Compromise  with 
wrong  or  injustice  was  unthinkable  to  him,  and  in  after  life 
his  strong  convictions  and  demands  for  what  he  considered 
fair  dealing  more  than  once  caused  him  to  shift  the  scene  of 
his  activities.  While  a  blithesomeness  which  his  old  associates 
will  never  forget  was  one  of  his  chief  possessions,  tragedy 
stalked  through  his  life,  loved  ones  were  taken  from  him  with 
startling  suddenness,  and  when  at  last  the  final  curtain  swiftly 
dropped,  our  old  friend  went  as  he  had  lived — the  entomologist 
at  work  with  his  beloved  bees. 

Henry  Lorenz  Viereck  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  March  28, 
1881,  the  son  of  John  August  and  Wilhelmine  Magdalena 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  143 

(nee  Krauter)  Viereck.  His  father  was  born  in  Zierenburg, 
near  Cassel,  Germany,  and  emigrated  to  America  in  1856.  His 
paternal  grandfather  had  been  a  republican  in  his  native  land, 
a  "man  of  '48,"  and  Henry's  father  brought  to  his  adopted 
country  a  strong  love  of  liberty  and  representative  government. 
A  recent  arrival  in  a  land  torn  by  the  horror  of  internal  strife, 
the  elder  Viereck  served  in  the  Union  Army  for  nearly  the  entire 
period  of  the  Civil  War,  and  was  wounded  at  the  second  battle 
of  Bull  Run. 

Henry's  mother,  a  native  of  Lautenbach,  near  Stuttgart,  came 
to  America  in  1863.  His  parents  were  married  in  1864,  and 
Henry  was  the  youngest  of  five  children,  three  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

An  intense  patriot  the  younger  Viereck  enlisted  when  under 
age  during  the  Spanish-American  War,  and  almost  succumbed 
to  typhoid  fever  contracted  at  Chickamauga,  Georgia.  The  per- 
sonal knowledge  then  gained  of  camp  and  community  sanitary 
shortcomings  served  him  in  good  stead  in  after  years.  When 
he  was  little  more  than  convalescent  his  mother  died  quite  sud- 
denly, and  but  a  few  years  later  his  kindly,  white-bearded 
father,  beloved  by  all  the  son's  boyhood  friends,  was  killed  by 
an  express  train  at  Lehigh  Gap,  Pennsylvania. 

During  these  years  of  Viereck's  life,  and  of  his  boy  associ- 
ates as  well,  Lehigh  Gap  was  a  favorite  spot.  Here  on  the 
slopes  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  the  farm  of  a  "Pennsylvania 
Dutch"  friend  of  his  family,  they  made  their  headquarters, 
scouring  the  mountain  slopes  and  river  bottom  for  specimens. 
Many  happy  days  were  spent  there  by  parties  of  the  Aristo- 
lelians,  chiefly  between  1897  and  1903. 

Viereck's  early  education  was  in  the  Philadelphia  public 
schools,  from  which  he  passed  to  Brown's  Preparatory  School, 
but  did  not  complete  his  full  course.  In  1900  he  was  appointed 
a  Jessup  Fund  Student  at  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia,  and  thus  enabled  to  spend  priceless  hours  of  study 
with  the  Cresson  types  of  Hymenoptera,  on  which  order  his 
entomological  interest  had  already  centered.  Several  years 
later,  feeling  the  need  for  a  profession  of  more  financial  prom- 


144  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '32 

ise  than  entomology,  he  turned  toward  medicine,  and  several 
years  were  spent  in  its  study  at  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  but  the  call  of  entomology  was  so  strong  he  did 
not  complete  his  course,  although  later  (1905-7)  he  served  as 
assistant  in  the  pathological  laboratory  of  the  Medico-Chirurgi- 
cal  College,  and  at  the  same  time  added  to  his  medical  educa- 
tion. 

While  a  Jessup  Student  some  months  were  occupied  with 
field  work  in  New  Mexico  with  the  writer,  a  fellow  student, 
gathering  collections  of  general  zoological  and  botanical  char- 
acter for  the  Academy.  The  habit  of  long  hours  of  work  in 
the  laboratory,  the  ability  to  completely  devote  himself  to  any 
task  in  which  his  intense  nature  was  at  that  time  absorbed, 
stood  him  in  good  stead  there,  and  the  collections  of  insects 
there  made  largely  by  him,  attest  the  enthusiasm  which  in  early 
life  made  him  a  capable  collector  and  a  prolific  writer.  At 
that  early  day  his  preferences  for  the  ichneumon-flies  and  the 
bees  were  already  evident,  and  plans  were  then  made  for  a 
monograph  of  the  bee  genus  Andre  na,  which  remained  through 
the  rest  of  his  life  the  one  contribution  he  wished  to  complete, 
and  toward  which  a  number  of  his  published  papers  were  pre- 
liminary, but  the  final  study  never  appeared. 

The  years  1903  and  1905  to  1907  were  quite  thoroughly  oc- 
cupied with  medical  school  duties,  yet  studies  prepared  in  large 
part  or  at  least  outlined  during  his  Jessup  Student  days  at  the 
Academy,  issued  regularly  from  his  pen.  His  service  at  the 
Connecticut  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  in  the  years  1904 
and  1905  also  provided  the  opportunity  for  more  research. 
From  1903  to  1907  twenty  contributions  appeared.  Of  these 
his  study  of  the  mutillid  genus  Odonto photo p sis  is  perhaps  the 
best  known  and  most  useful.  A  study  of  the  Philanthidae  of 
New  Mexico,  prepared  with  Professor  Cockerell,  and  a  synop- 
sis of  the  bees  of  the  northwestern  states  and  adjacent  Canada, 
on  which  collaborated  Professors  Cockerell,  Titus  and  Swenk 
and  J.  C.  Crawford,  evidenced  the  very  live  character  of 
Viereck's  interest  in  Hymenoptera  during  these  years  so  largely 
taken  up  with  other  duties.  He  once  told  me  his  hours  of  sleep 
at  that  time  averaged  daily  not  more  than  six,  and  this  amount 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  145 

he  considered  sufficient  for  a  healthy  person  of  his  years.  Cer- 
tainly hard  study  and  little  sleep  was  his  consistent  schedule 
during  most  of  the  "twenties"  of  his  life. 

Of  a  highly  nervous  temperament,  restive  under  official  re- 
quirements or  regulations,  an  idealist  and  enthusiast,  Viereck, 
after  definitely  deciding  upon  a  career  as  an  entomologist,  some- 
times severed  his  connections  with  one  organization  and  asso- 
ciated himself  with  another  for  reasons  which  would  not  have 
influenced  most  individuals.  In  consequence  we  find  that  dur- 
ing his  nearly  thirty  years  of  entomological  productivity,  he 
was  attached  successively  to  a  number  of  institutions  or  depart- 
ments. 

In  the  summer  of  1903  he  was  associated  with  Dr.  John  B. 
Smith  in  his  mosquito  control  work  in  New  Jersey,  and  much 
of  1903  to  1905,  when  attached  to  the  Connecticut  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station,  under  Dr.  Britton,  was  occupied  with 
similar  duties,  while  in  1906  the  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Health  placed  him  in  charge  of  a  reconnaissance  survey  of  the 
same  type.  It  was  during  his  work  at  New  Haven  the  founda- 
tion was  laid  for  his  later  manual  of  the  Hymenoptera  of 
Connecticut.  On  the  staff  of  the  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Zoology  from  1907  to  1908,  in  1909  Viereck  was  attached  to 
the  United  States  Bureau  of  Entomology  and  stationed  at  the 
National  Museum,  where  during  the  following  three  years  the 
most  important  part  of  his  work  on  the  Ichneumonoidea  was 
carried  out.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  World's  War  he  was  in 
Sicily  as  an  entomological  explorer  for  the  California  State 
Horticultural  Commission,  working  on  citrus  fruit  scale  para- 
sites, but  the  entry  of  Italy  into  the  war  brought  this  to  an 
end.  In  1916  he  was  appointed  on  the  statff  of  the  Biological 
Survey  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
continued  there  until  1923,  when  he  became  assistant  entomolo- 
gist on  the  Entomological  Branch  of  the  Canadian  Department 
of  Agriculture. 

• 

In  1926  Viereck  returned  to  Philadelphia,  spending  some 
months  at  the  Academy  in  surroundings  reminiscent  of  his 
younger  days,  later  removing  to  Irvin^tnn,  Xc\v  Jersey,  where 
he  lived  for  some  years  with  his  sister,  Mrs.  Edward  Poeter,  to 


146  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,    '32 

whom  I  am  indebted  for  certain  information  herein  contained. 
In  September,  1931,  an  opportunity  presented  itself  for  en- 
tomological field  work  in  Ohio.  On  October  8,  1931,  while 
walking  along  a  road  at  Loudenville,  Ohio,  engaged  in  collect- 
ing, he  was  struck  and  killed  by  a  hit-run  motorist. 

In  1918,  in  Washington,  Viereck  married  Ida  Adele  (nee 
Pearce)  Davis,  a  widow,  and  a  happy  home  life  was  abruptly 
terminated  by  her  sudden  death  from  pneumonia  the  next  year. 
The  loss  of  his  brilliant  and  attractive  wife  was  a  staggering 
blow,  and  in  later  years  he  often  referred  feelingly  to  the  com- 
panionship which  had  been  so  abruptly  terminated. 

In  1922  he  visited  the  Santa  Marta  district  of  Columbia,  as 
the  guest  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Orlando  L.  Flye,  old  friends  and 
coffee  planters  of  that  region,  whose  home  has  been  visited  by 
a  number  of  their  many  naturalist  friends.  Here  he  made  his 
first  personal  acquaintance  with  tropical  insect  life.  One  of 
Viereck's  most  valued  friendships  was  with  Charles  Grafly, 
the  distinguished  Philadelphia  sculptor,  who  was  Viereck's  host 
many  times  at  his  New  England  summer  home,  and  for  years 
association  with  the  Grafly  family  was  one  of  Viereck's 
pleasantest  memories.  Grafly  modelled  a  head  of  his  younger 
friend,  which  cast  in  bronze  was  shown  at  one  of  the  annual 
exhibitions  of  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts.  It 
seems  one  of  the  strange  twists  of  fate  that  these  two  men, 
long  friends,  should  both  come  to  their  deaths  through  the  reck- 
lessness and  criminal  irresponsibility  of  hit-run  automobile 
drivers. 

The  first  entomological  contribution  from  Viereck's  pen  ap- 
peared in  1901  in  the  Transactions  of  the  American  Entomol- 
ogical Society,  i.e.,  "New  Species  of  the  Subfamily  Pseninae." 
Between  that  time  and  1928  his  entomological  contributions,  all 
on  Hymenoptera,  numbered  ninety-two,  in  addition  to  which  he 
virtually  prepared  the  Hymenoptera  portion  of  Professor 
Smith's  1910  edition  of  the  "Insects  of  New  Jersey."  His 
studies  were  chiefly  upon  bees  and  the  ichneumon-flies,  although 
he  described  a  number  of  species  and  studied  a  number  of 
genera  belonging  to  the  social  and  solitary  wasps.  The  bee 
studies  centered  chiefly  about  the  Andrenidae,  and  fourteen  of 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  147 

his  publications  relate  solely  to  members  of  this  family.  As  an 
illustration  of  the  amount  of  work  accomplished  preliminary  to 
his  projected,  but  unfortunately  never  completed,  monograph 
of  the  North  American  members  of  the  family,  in  the  classic 
Hymenoptera  of  Connecticut  alone  sixteen  species  of  the  genus 
Andrena  are  credited  to  Viereck,  while  in  a  prodrome  of  the 
Canadian  species  of  the  same  family,  which  appeared  in  1924, 
he  described  four  new  genera  and  twenty-four  new  species.  His 
studies  of  other  bees  were  distributed  over  a  number  of  genera, 
and  his  acquaintance  with  these  insects — truly  his  first  loves 
entomologically — was  broad  and  comprehensive,  backed  by  field 
experience  under  varying  conditions  over  much  of  the  United 
States. 

In  the  ichneumon-flies  Viereck's  studies  were  largely  of  the 
post-pioneer  type,  taking  the  work  of  the  true  pioneers, 
strengthening  its  fundamentals,  correcting  evident  errors  and 
misconceptions,  constructing  upon  their  foundations  and  pass- 
ing on  to  the  next  generation  of  workers  a  great  amount  of 
detailed  study,  type  comparisons  and  laboriously  assembled 
bibliographic  work  for  the  more  final  analyses  of  successors. 
In  all  fields  of  science  we  find  this  type  of  student — necessary, 
hard-working,  yet  by  the  very  nature  of  their  knowledge  lack- 
ing the  tools  for  more  than  temporary  completion  of  the  proj- 
ects to  which  they  set  themselves.  What  these  "road-makers" 
save  those  who  come  after  them,  in  coordination,  in  compari- 
son, in  clearing  away  obstructions,  is  often  not  fully  appreci- 
ated by  those  who  follow. 

Viereck's  outstanding  reference  contribution  in  the  Inchneu- 
monoidea  is  his  "Type  Species  of  the  Genera  of  Ichneumon- 
flies,"  published  in  1914  as  a  Bulletin  (No.  83)  of  the  United 
States  National  Museum,  and  through  this  work  alone  his  name 
will  always  be  familiar  to  workers  on  that  superfamily.  In 
this  the  type  species  of  over  two  thousand  genera  were  worked 
out  from  the  evidence  of  previous  literature,  or  there  fixed. 
During  his  service  on  the  staff  of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology 
Viereck  was  almost  continuously  engaged  in  studying  the  great 
collections  of  parasitic  material  received  from  all  parts  of  the 
world.  Twenty-four  of  his  papers  deal  entirely  with  ichneu- 


148  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [June,    '32 

mon-flies,  and  in  these  and  other  studies  about  three  hundred 
species,  over  eighty  genera  and  two  families  of  the  superfamily 
were  described. 

The  most  important  single  contribution  to  entomology  which, 
conceived  by  Viereck,  was  largely  written  by  him,  and  to  the 
editing  of  which  he  gave  untold  hours  over  a  number  of  years, 
was  the  eight  hundred  and  twenty-four  page  Hymenoptera 
volume  of  the  "Guide  to  the  Insects  of  Connecticut.1  Only 
those  who  knew  him  well  can  realize  how  much  of  his  life  and 
energy  was  devoted  to  this  work,  which  stands  to-day  the  "only 
one  general  manual  ...  to  discriminate  between  genera  and 
species,"  as  Dr.  J.  Chester  Bradley  terms  it  in  his  prefatory 
remarks  in  the  Hymenoptera  section  of  the  recent  New  York 
State  list  of  insects. 

While  the  types  of  a  large  part  of  the  species  described  by 
Viereck  are  in  the  United  States  National  Museum  and  other 
institutions  scattered  over  the  United  States  and  Canada,  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  alone  has  two 
hundred  and  ninety  of  his  species  represented  by  single  types, 
as  well  as  numerous  others  by  paratypic  material.  A  count  of 
the  species  credited  to  him  in  the  Hymenoptera  of  Connecticut 
gives  a  total  of  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight,  of  which  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five,  as  well  as  six  genera  and  subgenera, 
were  first  described  by  him  in  that  study.  His  personal  collec- 
tion of  Hymenoptera,  library  and  card  indices  were  presented 
to  the  Academy  some  few  years  before  his  death. 

Those  of  us  who  were  Viereck's  companions  in  early  years 
cannot  but  feel  that  he  carried  on  the  historic  association  of 
Philadelphia  with  research  in  the  Hymenoptera,  and  that  we 
can  add  his  name  to  the  brilliant  company  of  his  fellow  towns- 
men Say,  Cresson,  Blake,  McCook  and  Fox.  In  his  passing 
science  lost  a  devoted  worker,  and  the  narrowing  circle  of  boy- 
hood associates  mourn  the  departure  of  a  beloved  member. 

JAMES  A.  G.  REHN. 

1  Guide  to  the  Insects  of  Connecticut.  Part  III.  The  Hymenoptera  or 
Wasp-like  Insects  of  Connecticut.  By  Henry  Lorenz  Viereck,  with  the 
collaboration  of  Alexander  Dyer  MacGillivray,  Charles  Thomas  Brues, 
William  Morton  Wheeler  and  Sievert  Allen  Rohwer.  1916.  824  pp.,  10  pis. 
(Bull.  No.  22,  Connecticut  State  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey.) 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  149 

The  Diseases  of  Elateridae  (Coleoptera.1) 

By  C.  A.  THOMAS,   Pennsylvania  State  College. 

In  recent  papers  2  the  writer  has  discussed  the  parasites  and 
the  predators  which  are  enemies  of  click  heetles  and  their 
larvae.  This  paper  is  a  summary  of  our  present  knowledge 
concerning  the  few  species  of  hacteria  and  fungi  which  have 
heen  recorded  as  having  caused  injury  to  these  insects. 

The  diseases  of  Elateridae,  especially  of  their  larvae,  the 
wireworms,  are  widespread,  hut  because  of  the  subterranean 
habits  of  these  larvae  and  the  quite  rapid  progress  of  these 
diseases  under  favorable  conditions,  resulting  in  practically  com- 
plete disintegration  of  the  insect's  body,  comparatively  few 
diseased  wireworms  are  found  in  the  field. 

On  the  other  hand,  diseases  often  cause  great  losses  among 
artificially  reared  wireworms,  spreading  rapidly  and  sometimes 
destroying  whole  series  in  a  short  time.  Confinement,  favor- 
able temperature  and  humidity  conditions,  and  the  almost  un- 
avoidable transfer  of  spores  from  one  culture  to  another  dur- 
ing the  frequent  examinations,  all  aid  in  spreading  and  pro- 
pagating these  diseases.  In  the  field,  it  is  probable  that  the 
most  favorable  conditions  for  the  successful  transfer,  inocula- 
tion and  growth  of  these  diseases  are  only  occasionally  or 
periodically  present.  A  complete  study  of  such  conditions 
would  be  necessary  before  it  would  be  possible  to  make  any 
recommendations  for  the  artificial  dissemination  of  the  diseases 
in  the  field. 

The  diseases  are  here  discussed  as  bacterial  and  fungous. 
The  writer  has  found  no  references  to  any  protozoan,  filterable 
virus  or  nuclear  disease  which  has  been  found  attacking  any 
stage  of  these  insects. 

BACTERIAL  DISEASES. 

Under  artificial  rearing  conditions  wireworms  are  frequently 
found  to  be  entirely  black  over  the  whole  body,  and  soft  and 

1  Publication  authorized  by  the  Director  of  the  Pennsylvania  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station  as  Technical  Paper  No.  555. 

-EXT.  NEWS,  XL,  287,  Nov.,  1929.    EXT.  NEWS,  XLII,  137,  158,  1931. 


150  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,    '32 

flabby,  or  to  show  irregular  spots  scattered  over  the  body,  ap- 
pearing dark  under  the  chitin. 

It  is  possible  that  these  spots  are  due  to  bacteria,  although 
practically  nothing  is  known  of  their  true  cause.  Dr.  G.  F. 
White,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Entomology,  could  not  find  bacteria 
in  such  spots  in  diseased  wireworms  sent  to  him.  The  writer 
has  occasionally  seen  such  spots  develop  on  wireworms  where 
they  were  bitten  by  predatory  wireworms  living  in  the  same 
cultures. 

Graf  (1914)  reported  on  a  red  bacterium  which  invaded  his 
cultures  of  Limonius  calif ornicus  larvae  and  caused  consider- 
able loss  among  the  young  wireworms.  Newly  diseased  larvae 
showed  a  reddish  discoloration  in  the  anterior  portion  of  the 
body.  Under  the  microscope  the  head  and  thorax  appeared  to 
contain  small,  bright  red,  oil-like  globules.  The  following  day 
the  infected  larva  would  be  deep  blood  red  all  over  its  body, 
and  so  putrid  that  it  would  fall  to  pieces  when  picked  up. 
This  disease  spread  very  rapidly  among  the  younger  larvae,  but 
mature  larvae  exposed  to  it  were  never  affected.  On  agar  the 
bacteria  formed  rich  blood  red  colonies.  Graf  did  not  give 
the  name  of  this  organism,  nor  any  further  characters. 

Wade  and  St.  George  (1923)  found  larvae  of  false  wire- 
worms  (Elcodcs  suturalis  Say)  infested  with  similar  reddish 
brown  spots  on  the  body  segments,  and  noted  that  Swenk 
(1909)  and  McColloch  (1919)  had  experienced  the  same 
trouble  when  rearing  other  Tenebrionid  larvae.  They  pre- 
sumed that  the  disease  was  caused  by  bacteria,  although  ap- 
parently no  further  studies  were  made  of  it. 

Masaitas  (1929)  found  an  unnamed  bacterial  infection  which 
killed  a  considerable  number  of  Selatosomus  larvae  in  the  in- 
sectary,  but  was  less  effective  in  the  field.  This  disease  ap- 
peared to  be  associated  with  the  occurrence  of  Tyroglyphid 
mites  on  the  larvae,  and  may  have  entered  through  the  punc- 
tures made  by  these  mites.  Agriotes  larvae,  which  were  not 
infested  by  the  mites,  remained  immune  to  the  disease. 

FUNGOUS  DISEASES. 

Several  species  of  fungi  attack  wireworms  under  artificial 
rearing  conditions.  These  may  spread  rapidly  and  sometimes 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  151 

destroy  whole  series  of  cultures.  They  seem  to  be  more  com- 
mon and  active  under  warm  humid  conditions.  The  writer  has 
never  found  them  so  abundant  in  the  field  that  they  consti- 
tuted an  effective  check  upon  the  wireworms,  although  they 
might  become  effective  under  warm  humid  conditions. 

Class  PHYCOMYCETES,  Family  Entomophthoraceae. 

The  wireworm  disease  most  frequently  mentioned  in  the 
literature  is  the  Green  Muscardine  Fungus,  Metarrhiziutn  ani- 
sopliae  (Metchn.)  Sorokin,  known  also  as  the  White  Grub 
Fungus.  This  fungus  first  causes  the  wireworm  to  become 
somewhat  rigid,  although  it  can  still  move  its  legs,  but  is  soon 
incapable  of  locomotion.  White,  cotton-like,  mycelial  threads 
then  appear  at  the  leg  joints  and  on  the  thinner  membranes 
between  the  body  segments.  This  mycelium  spreads  until  it 
may  envelop  the  whole  body.  The  interior  of  the  larva  is  now 
filled  with  whitish  mycelial  threads  extending  the  length  of  the 
body.  Within  a  few  days  the  tips  of  the  external  white  mycelia 
begin  to  exhibit  small  gray-green  masses  of  spores,  which  grad- 
ually increase  in  abundance  until  the  whole  insect  is  encrusted 
with  a  greenish  covering.  These  spores  are  thrown  off  and 
may  infect  nearby  larvae,  if  conditions  are  favorable.  The 
larva  is  usually  dead  by  the  time  the  white  mycelium  has  ap- 
peared on  the  intersegmental  membranes.  This  fungus  also 
attacks  the  eggs,  pupae  and  adults  of  Elaterids. 

M etarrhizium  anisopliae  is  cosmopolitan  and  attacks  many 
species  of  insects.  Its  occurrence  upon  Elaterids  and  their 
larvae  has  been  noted  by  Comstock  and  Slingerland  (1891), 
Forbes  (1892),  Pettit  (1895),  Hyslop  (1915),  Johnston 
1918),  Stevenson  (1918),  and  others.  Hyslop  tried  introduc- 
tion of  this  fungus  against  Mclanotiis  larvae  in  a  field  at  Nisbet, 
Lycoming  County,  Pa.,  in  1913,  but  no  notable  results  were 
obtained  in  this  experiment.  Pettit,  in  the  above  paper  and  in 
correspondence,  stated  that  many  Agriotcs  mancus  Say  larvae 
in  his  cultures  were  killed  by  Mel.  anisopiiac,  variety  aincri- 
cana,  which  he  said  was  distinct  from  the  typical  anisopliae. 
The  anicricana  spores  were  lighter  green.  Johnston  (1918) 


152  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,    '32 

thought,  however,  that  the  variations  in  color  and  size  of  the 
spores  depended  upon  the  host  or  the  medium,  being  different 
physiological  races  rather  than  true  varieties. 

Entomophthora  carpentieri  Girard  was  found  by  Picard 
(1914)  to  attack  adults  of  Agriotes  and  Elatcr  species  in 
France.  Gorham,  (1924)  noted  a  fungus  of  the  genus  Tarich- 
ium  as  attacking  pupae  and  young  adults  of  Agriotes  mancus 
Say.  in  Canada. 

Class  ASCOMYCETES. 

Fungi  of  the  genus  Cordyceps  (Hypocreaceae),  which  attack 
Lepidopterous  larvae,  are  also  occasionally  found  infesting 
wireworms,  although  this  condition  is  by  no  means  common  in 
the  field.  Forbes  (1892)  found  an  Asaphes  larva  in  Illinois 
infested  by  a  fungus  closely  resembling  Cord\ccps.  Girard 
(1895)  recorded  Cordyceps  Jntnti  n.  sp.  attacking  wireworms 


Pheleles  a?onus  Say  larva  affected  with  a  species  of  Cordyceps. 

in  Trinidad.  The  accompanying  figure  shows  a  Pliclctcs 
agonus  Say  larva  collected  by  the  writer  in  southeastern  Penn- 
sylvania in  April,  1926.  This  specimen  is  infested  with  the 
sterile,  form  of  a  Cordyceps,  which  is  possibly  C.  stylophora, 
according  to  Professor  Roland  Thaxter,  Harvard  University. 
In  this,  the  only  specimen  of  Cordyceps  that  the  writer  has  ever 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  153 

seen  in  the  field,  the  fungus  has  completely  filled  the  interior 
of  the  larva  and  has  grown  out  through  the  head  and  inter- 
segmental  membranes. 

Hyslop  (1915)  cited  a  note  by  Webster  which  told  of  an 
Agriotcs  larva  from  Nova  Scotia  which  had  been  killed  by  a 
fungus.  This  was  determined  by  Dr.  Flora  Patterson  as  Pcni- 
cilliuin  anisopliac  Viull.  (Aspergillaceae). 

Arnaud  (1927),  after  a  series  of  experiments,  decided  that 
Agriotcs  larvae  are  very  resistant,  and  perhaps  even  immune  to 
infection  by  Bcairi'cria  bassiana  (Mucedinaceae)  and  several 
related  fungi.  Rambousek  ( 1929)  stated  that  attempts  to  in- 
fect Agriotcs  ustulatus  larvae  with  B.  bassiana  were  unsuccess- 
ful. 

Class  HYPHOMYCETES. 

Fungi  of  the  genus  Isaria  (Stilbaceae)  also  occasionally  in- 
jure wireworms.  Rymer-Roberts  (1919)  found  some  of  these 
larvae  apparently  parasitised  by  an  Isaria  species,  and  Ford 
(1917),  and  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Fisheries  leaflet 
10  (1918)  noted  the  same,  but  stated  that  under  normal  con- 
ditions it  is  not  an  effective  check.  According  to  Gorham 
(1924)  the  pupae  and  young  adults  of  Agriotcs  inancus  Say  are 
attacked  by  a  fungus  which  he  provisionally  identified  as  Isaria 
anisopliac,  var.  anicricana? 

Le  Moult  (1922)  described  experiments  in  which  cultures  of 
Isaria  dcnsa,  I.  destructor,  I .  farinosa,  and  Sporotric/iiitin  glob- 
iilifcruin  Speg.  (Moniliaceae)  were  mixed  with  sand  or  soil 
and  spread  on  an  infested  field  before  tilling,  in  the  hope  of 
destroying  larvae  of  Elatcr  scgctis.  Xo  results  were  recorded. 

Mail  (1930)  stated  that  a  few  wireworms  in  his  laboratory 
died  of  a  disease  identified  as  Oospora  destructor  (Metch.) 
Delacr.  (Moniliaceae)  and  that  healthy  larvae  brought  in  con- 
tact with  the  diseased  were  also  attacked  and  killed.  Adults  in 
the  oviposition  cages  were  also  killed. 

Undetermined  Fungi. 

Graf  (1914)  found  adults  of  L'unonins  calif onricus  Mannh. 
attacked  by  a  fungous  disease  which  worked  well  in  the  labor- 

3  Is  Isarw  (niisoMiac  var.  mncrifinm  the  same  fungus  which  was  noted 
above  as  Metarrhizwm  anisopliae  var  atnericana? 


154  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '32 

atory,  but  less  than  0.1%  were  affected  in  the  field.  Pupae 
were  also  killed  by  fungi  in  the  laboratory.  None  were  affected 
in  the  field,  where  it  would  spread  very  slowly,  since  the  soil 
moisture  is  low  during  the  period  of  the  pupal  stage. 

Conradi  and  Eagerton  (1914)  noted  that  Horistonotus 
nhlcri  eggs  were  frequently  attacked  in  the  laboratory  by  an 
unidentified  mold. 

Strickland  (1927)  stated  "We  have  found  no  indication  of 
fungous  or  bacterial  diseases  of  Ludius  acripennis  Kby.  in 
Alberta."  Hawkins  (1928)  said:  "Certain  seasons  are  more 
favorable  to  fungus  growth  than  others,  and  this  may  account 
for  years  of  relative  scarcity.  Wheat  wireworms  in  high 
ground  were  unaffected;  those  in  wet  places  were  killed." 
Baudys  (1922)  'found  that  fungi  attack  many  wireworms,  espe- 
cially after  flooding. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  WIREWORM  DISEASES. 

ARNAUD,  M.     1927.     Ann.  Epiphytes,  XIII,  pp.   1-30,  Paris, 

Jan.-Feb.,  1927. 
BAUDYS,  E.     1922.     Flugbl.  tschech.  Sektion  mahr  Landeskul- 

turrates  in  Brimn. 
COMSTOCK,  J.  H.,  and  SLINGERLAND,  M.  V.     1891.     Bui.  33, 

Cornell  Univ.  Agric.  Expt.  Sta. 
CONRADI,  A.  F.,  and  EAGERTON,  H.  C.      1914.     S.   Carolina 

Agric.  Expt.  Sta.,  Bui.  180,  Clemson  College,  S.  C. 
FORD,  G.  H.    1917.    Ann.  Appl.  Biol.,  London,  III,  Nos.  2  and 

3. 
FORBES,  S.  A.     1892.     18th  Report  State  Ent.  of  Illinois,  1891- 

1892. 
GIRARD,  A.     1895.     Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  Bui.  des  Seances, 

p.  CLXXXI. 
GRAF,  J.  E.     1914.     Bui.  123,  Bur.  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept. 

Agric.,  p.  47. 
GORHAM,  R.  P.     1924.     Proc.  Acadian  Ent.  Soc.  1923,  p.  69, 

Truro,  Nova  Scotia. 

HART,  C.  A.     1891.    Insect  Life,  vol.  Ill,  p.  246. 
HAWKINS,  J.  H.     1928.     Bui.  343,  Maine  Agric.  Expt.  Sta., 

Orono. 
HYSLOP,  J.  A.     1915.     Bui.   156,  Professional   Paper,  U.   S. 

Dept.  Agric.,  p.  29. 
JOHNSTON,  J.  R.    1918.    Mem.  Soc.  Cubana  Hist.  Nat.,  "Felipe 

Poey",  Havana,  III.  Nos.  2  and  3,  1917-1918,  pp.  61-82. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  155 

LEMOULT,  L.     1922.    Comptes  Rendus  Acad.  Agric.  de  France, 

VIII,  p.  596. 

MAIL,  G.  A.     1930.    Journ.  Agric.  Research,  XLI,  p.  590. 
MASAITAS,  A.   I.      1929.     Izv.  sibirsk,   kraev.   Stantz.  Zashch. 

Rast.,   No.   3    (6),  pp.    1-41,  Tomsk.      (Rev.   Appl.   Ent. 

A,  XVIII,  49.) 

McCoLLOCH,  J.  W.     1919.    Journ.  Econ.  Ent.,  XII,  p.  191. 
Ministry  of  Agric.  and  Fisheries  1918.     Leaflet  10.  London. 
PETTIT,  R.  H.     1895.    Bui.  97,  Cornell  Agric.  Expt.  Station. 
PICARD,  F.     1914.     Bui.  Soc.  Etude  Vulg.  Zool.  Agric. /Bor- 
deaux, XIII,  Nos.  1-4. 
RAMBOUSEK,   F.      1929.     Z.   Zuckerind.   Czechoslov.   Republic, 

liv    (XI),  No.  20,  p.   197,   Prague. 
RYMER-ROBERTS,  A.  W.     1919.     Ann.  Appl.  Biol.,  Cambridge, 

VI,  p.  134. 
STEVENSON,  J.  A.     1918.     Journ.  Dept.  Agric.  Porto  Rico,  II, 

No.   1,  Rio  Piedras. 
STRICKLAND,  E.  H.     1927.     Research  Bui.  2,  College  Agric., 

Univ.  of  Alberta,  Edmonton. 

SWENK,  M.  H.     1909.    Journ.  Econ.  Ent.,  II,  p.  332-338. 
WADE,  J.  S.,  and  ST.  GEORGE,  R.  A.      1923.     Journ.   Agric. 

Research,  XXVI,  p.  561. 


A  New  Moth  from  Peru  (Lepid. :  Syssphingidae, 
antea  Saturniidae). 

By  W.  SCHAUS,  United  States  National  Museum, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Loxolomia  johnsoni,  new  species. 

Male. — Head  black ;  vertex  with  some  white  scales ;  hairs  at 
base  of  antenna  rufous ;  collar  grayish  crossed  by  a  semilunar 
drab  stripe  finely  edged  with  black.  Thorax  black  and  benzo 
brown  with  some  white  hairs ;  tegulae  drab  gray ;  metathorax 
with  some  drab  gray  and  cinnamon  mottling.  Abdomen  above, 
black  on  basal  four  segments  with  whitish  dorsal  points,  other- 
wise vinaceous  fawn  suffused  with  burnt  sienna  on  anal  seg- 
ment ;  a  lateral  wavy  black  fascia,  with  double  whitish  points 
on  segments;  venter  white  with  some  irregular  black  lines  near 
base.  Legs  mostly  sudan  brown.  Fore  wing:  Costal  margin 
broadly  white  with  hair  brown  striae;  cell  also  below  and  be- 
yond to  subterminal  line  dark  grayish  brown  with  fine  long 
fuscous  striae;  a  fuscous  oval  line  at  base  below  cell  filled  in 
with  sayal  and  snuff  brown,  also  a  few  white  scales,  and  fol- 
lowed at  inner  margin  by  a  large  fuscous  oblong  patch,  out- 


156  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,    '32 

wardly  edged  with  white ;  a  fuscous  medial  line  entangled  on 
costa  well  inbent  to  median  vein ;  a  black  streak  on  discocellular 
with  an  incurved  black  line  from  it,  outangled  at  vein  2,  then 
wavily  bent  down  to  inner  margin.  A  remote  postmedial  thick 
black  line  inwardly  oblique  and  outangled  at  vein  7,  then  very 
fine  benzo  brown  and  deeply  dentate  to  vein  5.  Subterminal 
line  double,  remote  from  apex  on  costa,  well  incurved  to  below 
vein  7  and  again  to  below  vein  6,  the  distal  thicker  portion 
black,  outangled  on  vein  7,  more  so  between  veins  6  and  7  and 
again  below  vein  6,  the  proximal  portion  fine,  below  vein  6 
closer  to  margin,  deeply  dentate,  fuscous  on  the  chaetura  drab 
termen  to  inner  margin ;  the  terminal  space  below  apex  enclosed 
by  the  subterminal  line  cinnamon  drab  with  dark  striae  and 
vague  dark  shades.  Hind  wing :  Basal  third  black,  triangular, 
crossed  by  an  antemedial  outcurved  brownish  drab  shade ; 
medial  space  broadly  white,  irrorated  with  drab,  outwardly 
edged  by  a  lunular  dentate  black  line  followed  by  a  broad  drab 
shade  with  fuscous  irrorations ;  termen  broadly  fuscous  irror- 
ated with  black.  Fore  wing  below  very  similar  to  above,  with- 
out the  dark  patch  on  inner  margin.  Hind  wing  below  white 
with  drab  striae  to  postmedial  dentate  line ;  a  thick  curved  black 
discal  line ;  postmedial  line  broadly  followed  by  drab,  becoming 
white  towards  costa,  irrorated  with  dark  striae ;  termen  as  on 
fore  wing,  inwardly  edged  by  a  lunular  dentate  black  line  partly 
double.  Expanse. — 165  mm. 

Habitat :   PERU.   Type  in  collection  of   Mr.   Frank  Johnson. 

This  species  is  allied  to  L.  scrpcntina  Maassen  but  very  differ- 
ent in  shape.  The  fore  wing  is  narrower  and  more  produced 
at  apex,  the  termen  more  oblique,  The  hind  wing  is  also  nar- 
rower, the  termen  evenly  rounded  and  slightly  crenulate. 


Wanted:  Material  for  Study  of  the  Genus  Argia  (Odon.: 

Agrionidae). 

The  collection  of  dragonflies  in  the  Museum  of  Zoology, 
University  of  Michigan,  contains  long  series  of  the  genus  Argia 
representing  collections  accumulated  over  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
about  10,000  specimens.  Support  has  been  obtained  for  a  re- 
visional  study  of  the  genus  and  I  should  like  to  study  other 
available  Argias.  Material  loaned  me  will  be  returned  intact 
to  the  owner  at  the  completion  of  the  study. 

E.  B.  WILLIAMSON, 
Research  Associate,  Division  of  Insects. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  157 

An  Additional  Annotated  List  of  the  Ants  of 
Mississippi  (Hym.:  Formicidae).* 

M.  R.  SMITH,  State  College,  Mississippi. 

In  a  previous  article  (Ent.  News,  Vol.  42  pp.  16-24,  1931) 
20  species  of  ants  were  recorded  for  Mississippi.  This  article 
lists  9  additional  species,  making  a  total  of  135  for  the  state. 

It  is  not  only  to  be  noted  that  all  of  the  species  given  here 
fall  within  the  sub-family  Myrmicinae  but  furthermore  that 
the  majority  of  them  belong  to  the  genus  Stntinii/cnvs.  Of 
the  16  species  recorded  for  North  America  in  my  recent  re- 
visionary  paper,  (Annals  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  Vol.  24,  pp.  686- 
710,  1931),  approximately  63  per  cent  have  been  taken  in 
Mississippi. 

An  especially  interesting  record  is  that  of  Myrmica  punc- 
tivcntris  pinetorum,  the  second  species  of  Myrmica  to  be  re- 
corded for  the  state,  which  is  at  this  time  represented  in  our 
collection  by  a  single  specimen. 

127.  STRUMIGENYS   (C.)    MEMBRANIFERA  subsp.  SIMILLIMA 
Emery.    Avera  (H.  Dietrich  and  E.  Lott),  Waynesboro  (G.  L. 
Bond),  West  Point   (M.  R.  Smith  and  E.  E.  Byrd),  Belzoni 
(G.  W.  Haug),  Columbus  and  Greenwood  (J.  W.  Ward). 

This  exceedingly  small  (1.5  mm.)  but  very  distinct  species 
is  recorded  in  the  United  States  for  the  first  time,  having  been 
previously  known  only  from  the  Virgin  Islands.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  common  species  of  Struw/igenys  in  Mississippi. 
Colonies  are  usually  found  in  the  soil  beneath  objects  lying  on 
the  surface,  but  in  one  instance  a  colony  was  found  in  the  wood- 
work of  an  old,  deserted  house. 

The  ant  can  readily  be  distinguished  by  the  following  char- 
acters:  (1)  the  very  distinct  rectangular  shape  of  its  head 
anteriorly;  (2)  the  very  angular  aritennal  scapes;  (3)  the 
strongly  marginate  prothorax ;  and  (4)  the  almost  complete 
absence  of  scale-like  hairs  on  the  body  except  for  the  presence 
of  two  short,  erect,  club-like  hairs  on  the  vertex  of  the  head. 

128.  STRUMIGENYS   (C.)   ANGTLATA  M.   R.   Smith.     Louis- 

*  A  contribution  from  the  Mississippi  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. 


158  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,    '32 

ville  (M.  R.  Smith).  This  is  one  of  our  largest  species  of 
Strumigenys  (2-2.5  mm.).  At  the  present  time  Strumigenys 
angulata  is  represented  in  our  collections  by  14  specimens,  all 
of  which  were  collected  from  a  rotten  log  in  a  rather  dense 
woodland  thicket. 

The  species  is  most  likely  to  be  mistaken  for  Strumigenys 
pergandei  Emery,  which  it  closely  resembles.  From  this  species 
it  can  be  distinguished  by  the  characters  here  listed:  (1)  the 
very  rectangular  head  anteriorly;  (2)  the  shorter,  more  robust, 
and  more  angular  antennal  scapes;  and  (3)  the  differently 
toothed  mandibles. 

129.  STRUMIGENYS  (S.)  LOUISIANAE  subsp.  LATICEPHALA 
M.  R.  Smith.  Longview  (M.  R.  Smith),  Louisville  (M.  R. 
Smith),  West  Point  (E.  E.  Byrd),  Ripley  (S.  W.  Simmons). 
Landon,  Mississippi  (G.  W.  Haug),  and  Decatur,  Alabama 
(W.  S.  Creighton). 

This  subspecies  is  one  of  the  most  common  Strumigenys  in 
the  state.  Colonies  have  been  observed  which  contained  as 
many  as  120  workers.  Nests  are  usually  constructed  in  the 
soil  beneath  objects  lying  on  the  surface.  Winged  males  have 
been  taken  at  dates  ranging  from  June  20  to  July  10. 

This  subspecies  is  distinguished  from  Louisianae  by  the  fol- 
lowing differences:  (1)  its  larger  size  (2.5  mm.)  ;  (2)  its  rela- 
tively broader  head,  the  occipital  lobes  of  which  are  more  angu- 
lar; and  (3)  its  darker 'color. 

— .  STRUMIGENYS  (C.)  CLYPEATA  var.  LAEVINASIS  M.  R. 
Smith.  Louisville  (M.  R.  Smith).  This  species  was  recorded 
in  my  previous  paper  in  the  Entomological  News  as  No.  115 
under  the  name  of  Strumigenys  clypcata  var.  pilinasis  Forel. 
After  comparing  our  specimens  with  type  specimens  of  Strumi- 
genys clypeata  pilinasis,  I  have  been  able  to  note  the  following 
differences:  (1)  The  size  is  smaller  (1.8  mm.);  (2)  the  head 
is  relatively  more  slender  in  proportion  to  its  length;  (3)  the 
clypeus  is  not  only  more  narrowly  oval  anteriorly  but  is  also 
more  depressed  dorsally ;  (4)  the  clypeus  and  frontal  area  are 
decidedly  more  shining;  and  (5)  the  pilosity  of  the  head  is 
sparser,  longer,  and  apparently  more  slender. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  159' 

The  three  workers  representing  this 'variety  were  collected 
in  the  same  type  of  habitat  as  were  the  Strumigcnys  angula/n. 

130.  STRUMIGENYS  (C.)  DIETRICH:  M.  R.  Smith.     Lucedale 
(H.   Dietrich).     This  very  striking  species   is   represented   in 
our  collections  by  7  workers,  all  of  which  were  collected  from 
beneath  the  bark  of  logs  and  stumps. 

Strumigcnys  dictrichi  is  more  apt  to  be  mistaken  for  Struini- 
genys  ornata  than  any  other  species  of  the  genus.  Although  it 
does  bear  a  strong  resemblance  to  ornata,  the  following  differ- 
ences can  be  noted:  (1)  The  anterior  border  of  its  clypeus  is 
not  only  narrower  but  also  more  sharply  angulate;  and  (2)  the 
erect  hairs  are  not  so  greatly  enlarged  apically. 

131.  STRUMIGENYS    (C.)    CLYPEATA   Roger.     Lucedale    (H. 
Dietrich).      Our  collection   contains  only    1    individual   of   this 
species,  a  wingless  queen,  which  was  presumably  taken  from  a 
rotten  log  or  stump.     It  is  probable  that  the  ant  is  more  com- 
mon in  the  state  than  it  appears  to  be,  especially  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  Louisiana  is  the  type  locality.     The  characters  which 
distinguish  this  species  are:   (1)   its  clypeus,  which  is  scarcely 
longer  than  broad  and  which  forms  a  broadly  oval  curve  anter- 
iorly;  (2)  the  distinctive  type  of  pilosity  of  the  clypeus,  which 
is  represented  by  short,  appressed,  squamiform  hairs;  and  (3) 
the  dorso-ventrally  flattened  mandibles  with  a  row  of  coarse 
irregular  teeth  on  their  border. 

132.  STRUMIGENYS  (C.)  SCULPTURATA  M.  R.  Smith.    Aber- 
deen  (M.  R.  Smith),  Ripley  (S.  W.  Simmons).  This  species 
might  easily  be  confused  with  Strumigcnys  pulcliclla,  which  it 
closely  resembles  in  superficial  appearance.     Like  pulchclla  it 
also  nests  beneath  the  bark  of  rotten  logs  and  stumps,  as  well 
as  in  the  ground  beneath  objects  lying  on  the  surface. 

From  pulchclla  this  ant  can  be  distinguished  by  the  differ- 
ences here  enumerated :  ( 1 )  its  more  robust  head,  the  width  of 
which  is  greater  in  proportion  to  the  length  ;  (2)  the  more  rug- 
ulose  or  tuberculate  sculpturing  of  the  head  ;  (3)  its  shorter  and 
more  robust  type  of  mandibles;  and  (4)  the  decidedly  truncate 
shape  of  the  anterior  border  of  the  clypeus. 

133.  LEPTOTHORAX  TEXANUS  Wheeler.     Louisville   (M.   R, 


160  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,    '32 

Smith),  Ripley  (S.  W.  Simmons).  A  small  colony  was  found 
nesting  in  sandy  loam  soil  on  a  hillside  thicket  near  Louisville. 
The  species,  which  varies  in  size  from  2.25-2.75  mm.,  can 
perhaps  be  recognized  by  the  characters  here  given:  (1)  the 
12-segmented  antennae;  (2)  the  absence  of  meso-epinotal  con- 
striction on  the  thorax;  (3)  the  short,  erect,  white,  clavate  hairs 
on  the  body;  (4)  the  reticulate-rugose  sculpturing  of  the  head, 
thorax,  petiole,  and  post-petiole;  and  (5)  the  generally  dark 
brown  or  black  color,  with  slightly  lighter  appendages. 

134.  APHAENOGASTER  TENNESSEENSIS  Mayr.     New  Augusta 
(H.  Dietrich).     Strange  to  say  this  species  is  represented  in 
our  collections  by  only  two  specimens,  both  of  which  are  wing- 
less queens.     These  specimens  were  sent  in  for  determination 
without  any  special  remarks  concerning  their  habitat. 

The  queen  of  Aphacnogaster  tcunessccnsis  differs  so  dis- 
tinctly from  the  worker  that  Mayr  described  a  queen  unassoci- 
ated  with  the  workers  as  a  different  species.  He  called  the 
species  A.  laevis  because  of  the  unusually  smooth  and  shining 
surface  of  the  body,  which  is  dark  red  in  color.  In  addition  to 
the  above  characters  the  queen  possesses  very  large,  flattened 
epinotal  spines.  Wheeler  regards  this  ant  as  a  temporary  para- 
site on  other  ground-nesting  Aphaenogasters  of  the  fulva  group. 
A.  tennesseensis  is  typically  a  wood-nesting  type  of  ant. 

135.  MYRMICA  PUNCTIVENTRIS  subsp.  PINETORUM  Wheeler. 
Starkville,    (M.   R.   Smith).     A  single  worker  was  excavated 
from  the  soil  of  a  woodland  strip  near   Starkville.     The  ant 
was  found  in  close  proximity  to  the  nest  of  Lasius  (A.)  inter- 
jectus  Mayr,  which  was  located  in  the  soil  at  the  base  of  a 
rotten  stump. 

As  the  specific  name  indicates,  the  gaster  of  this  species  is 
very  coarsely  punctate  at  the  base,  a  character  which  at  once 
distinguishes  it  from  other  closely  related  species  of  North 
American  Myrmica.  The  subspecies  is  separated  from  the 
species  by:  (1)  its  lighter  color;  (2)  its  smaller  size;  (3)  its 
less  heavily  sculptured  body;  and  (4)  the  epinotal  spines  which 
are  not  only  shorter  than  with  the  species  but  are  also  deflected 
apically. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  161 

Inscribing  Author's   "Extras". 

The  sending  out  of  extras  is  a  well  established  entomologi- 
cal custom.1  It  is  encouraged  by  the  various  journals  and  much 
help  and  good  fellowship  follows  as  a  reward.  Authors  gen- 
erally take  pride  in  their  contributions  whether  they  are  of  any 
special  value  or  not  and  such  papers  are  rarely  distributed  in- 
discriminately. As  a  matter  of  fact  too  few  are  mailed  out  in 
many  instances,  regardless  of  numbers  retained  as  request 
copies  or  to  serve  other  purposes. 

Of 


w  u: 


It  was  the  habit  of  early  writers  to  sign  their  own  names  in 
one  way  or  another  on  pamphlets  going  to  friends,  but  that 
style  of  the  personal  autograph  is  passing  and  nowadays  most 
extras  simply  bear  a  stamped,  "Author's  Compliments"  or 
"With  the  compliments  of  the  Author".  For  a  number  of 
years  I  have  found  it  practical  to  inscribe  pamphlets  as  de- 
picted above.  By  so  doing  the  recipient  can  always  identify 
his  property  and  there  can  never  be  any  future  doubt  as  to 
whom  the  author's  original  belonged  to,  though  it  be  passed 
on  from  party  to  party.  In  reviewing  papers  of  senior  authors, 
information  as  to  former  ownership  would  be  of  great  value 
in  many  special  cases  where  question  of  dates  and  authenticity 
of  marginal  notations  remain  a  problem.  Therefore,  by  all 
means  inscribe  your  extras.  -  It's  a  simple  courtesy  which  your 
prudent  colleagues  will  find  advantageous  and  not  in  the  least 
indecorous.  —  J.  D.  GUNDER,  Pasadena,  Calif. 

1  Called  "extras"  by  this  publication  and  others  for  the  first  25  copies 
usually  received  free  and  reprints  when  more  copies  are  wanted,  repre- 
senting additional  runs  or  cost  to  the  printer.  Called  separates  by  Psyche 
and  reprints  by  several  other  journals. 

"  Not  that  it  matters  much,  but  unsigned  pamphlets  may  be  mistaken 
for  "bookseller's  separates"  (more  correctly  termed  —  -"bookseller's  ex- 
cerpts" by  Mr.  J.  R.  de  la  Tprre-Bueno  in  the  December,  1931,  Bulletin 
of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society).  These  are  cut-out  articles 
from  serials,  dolled-up  to  imitate  author's  extras  and  sold  by  certain 
American  and  European  book  dealers  MORE  EXTENSIVELY  THAN 
IS  THOUGHT.  See  p.  257,  Ent.  News,  November,  1931.  If  com- 
mercialism and  short-sightedness  prevail,  the  shortage  of  serials  by  1982 
will  be  just  as  much  felt,  if  not  more  so,  than  those  of  the  1890  era 
are  now.  The  propaganda  and  comments  of  authors  should  be  along 
the  line  of  conservation  and,  by  the  way,  don't  you  think  it's  poor  policy 
or  advertising,  as  the  case  may  be,  if  ulteriors  or  personals  creep  into 
replies? 


162  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '32 

Some  Old  Letters. 

By  H.  T.  FERNALD,  Orlando,  Florida. 

II.  An  Attrahent  for  the  Monarch  Butterfly. 
(Lep.:   Danaidae.) 

-  Mass.,  Nov.  7,  1903. 
Dear  -      -: 

For  nearly  ten  years  I  have  been  making  certain  observations 
which  may  interest  you,  both  because  they  concern  one  of  our 
most  common  butterflies,  and  because  they  show  how  two  seem- 
ingly unrelated  subjects  may  prove  to  have  a  connection  after 
all. 

As  you  well  know,  the  salary  of  a  teacher  is  very  small.  To 
live  on  it  and  raise  a  family  means  the  closest  economy  and 
any  way  by  which  expenses  and  particularly  luxuries  may  be 
reduced  is  welcome.  So,  when  a  friend  informed  me  (and 
others)  that  he  had  found  a  brand  of  Pittsburg  stogy  which 
"wasn't  half  bad"  we  at  once  adopted  it  for  our  use  because 
of  its  low  cost. 

Shortly  afterward,  while  smoking  one  of  these  "cigars"  one 
day,  I  noticed  a  Monarch  butterfly  (Danaus  archippus  Fab.) 
coming  up  wind  toward  me.  Its  actions  were  as  though  it  was 
trailing  something,  for  while  its  general  flight  was  in  my  direc- 
tion, it  flew  obliquely  from  side  to  side  much  as  a  vessel  does 
in  sailing  against  the  wind.  It  soon  passed  by  me  but  almost 
immediately,  after  a  few  brief  changes  of  direction,  floated 
down  the  wind  a  short  distance,  then  turned  and  repeated  its 
former  actions.  This  happened  half  a  dozen  times  before  it 
was  disturbed  and  flew  off. 

Similar  actions  on  the  part  of  these  butterflies  were  observed 
more  than  twenty-five  times  during  that  summer  and  those  fol- 
lowing. It  was  only  while  smoking  these  stogies  that  it  hap- 
pened :  never  at  any  other  time.  In  one  case  it  happened  while 
I  was  in  the  upper  part  of  New  York  City,  out  of  doors,  not 
far  from  Grant's  Tomb.  I  spoke  to  a  number  of  my  friends 
who  smoked  these  stogies,  about  the  odd  actions  of  the  butter- 
fly and  several  reported  later  that  they  had  noticed  the  same 
thing  while  they  were  smoking. 

A  few  years  later  I  moved  here  and  found  that  the  butterfly 
acted  in  the  same  way  in  Massachusetts  as  it  did  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  New  York  in  response  to  the  smoke  of  that  partic- 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  163 

ular  brand  of  stogy.  After  a  time,  though,  rinding  it  difficult 
to  obtain  that  brand,  I  gave  it  up  and  since  then  I  have  failed 
absolutely  to  induce  a  Monarch  butterfly  to  show  the  slightest 
interest,  either  in  me  or  in  anything  I  might  be  smoking. 

I  feel  sure  that  something  in  the  smoke  from  that  particular 
brand  of  stogy  was  an  attrahent  to  the  butterfly  and  am  now 
wondering  what  the  particular  "dope"  was  which  was  used  by 
the  manufacturers  of  that  brand. 

And  so  a  low  salary  led  to  the  discovery  of  a  butterfly 
attrahent ! 

Yours  sincerely, 

III.  A  Case  of  Mimicry. 

(Calopteron  reticulatum  var.  apicale  Lee.  (Coleop. ;  Lyci- 
dae)  and  Lycomorpha  pholus  Dru.  (Lep.:  Syntomidae). 

-,  Mass.,  Sept.  20,  1904. 
Dear  -      -: 

Last  August  4th  was  a  beautiful  day  and  as  I  had  no  ap- 
pointments early  in  the  afternoon  I  decided  to  go  to  "The 
Notch"  four  or  five  miles  south  of  here,  collecting.  I  find 
quite  a  little  of  interest  there  as  the  Holyoke  Range  seems  to 
be,  to  some  extent,  a  northern  boundary  limit  for  some  insects 
and  a  southern  limit  for  others  and  thus  collecting  on  the 
North  side  brings  some  species  seldom  or  never  taken  on  the 
South  side,  and  vice  versa. 

This  time,  though,  my  attention  was  attracted  to  some  in- 
sects flying  around  and  crawling  over  the  leaves  of  a  bush  on 
the  southern  slope  of  the  mountain.  Catching  some,  I  dis- 
covered that  a  part  of  them  were  the  Syntomid  moth,  Lyco- 
morpha pholus  Dru.,  while  others  were  beetles  which  I  later 
identified  as  the  Lycid,  Calopteron  rctlculatnm-  var.  apicale  Lee. 

In  flight  it  was  almost  impossible  to  distinguish  the  two 
species  as  their  form  and  color  are  almost  identical,  and  when 
crawling,  the  wings  are  held  in  similar  positions. 

I  collected  quite  a  number  of  specimens  of  each  and  returned 
to  my  office,  intending  to  mount  them.  On  my  arrival  there, 
however,  I  found  that  I  must  go  away  at  once,  so  I  put  them 
into  the  hands  of  a  student  with  instructions  to  pin  them  all 
and  to  spread  the  moths. 

A  week  or  so  later  when  this  material  was  returned  to  me 
I  was  much  amused  to  note  that  among  the  spread  specimens 


List  of  the  Titles  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  Referred  to  by 

Numbers   in   Entomological   Literature 

in  Entomological  News. 


1.  Transactions   of   The   American   Entomological    Society.      Philadelphia. 

2.  Entomologische   Blatter,    red.  v.  H.  Eckstein    etc.      Berlin. 

3.  Annals  of  the  Carnegie  Museum.     Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

4.  Canadian   Entomologist.      London,    Canada. 

5.  Pysche,  A  Journal  of  Entomology.     Boston,  Mass. 

6.  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society.     New  York. 

7.  Annals  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  America.     Columbus,  Ohio. 

8.  Entomologists'   Monthly   Magazine.     London. 

9.  The  Entomologist.     London. 

10.  Proceedings  of  the  Ent.  Soc.  of  Washington.     Washington,  D.  C. 

11.  Deutsche  entomologische   Zeitschrift.      Berlin. 

12.  Journal  of  Economic  Entomology,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

13.  Journal  of  Entomology  and  Zoology.     Claremont,  Cal. 

14.  Entomologische    Zeitschrift.      Frankfurt    a.  M.,    Germany. 

15.  Natural  History,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.     New  York. 

16.  American  Journal  of   Science.     New  Haven,  Conn. 

17.  Entomologische    Rundschau.      Stuttgart,    Germany. 

18.  Internationale   entomologische   Zeitschrift.     Guben,    Germany. 

19.  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

20.  Societas  entomologica.     Stuttgart,   Germany. 

21.  The  Entomologists'   Record  and  Journal  of   Variation.     London. 

22.  Bulletin  of  Entomological  Research.     London. 

23.  Bollettino    del    Laboratorio     di     Zoologia    generale     e     agraria     della 

R.   Scuola  superiore  d'Agricultura   in   Portici.     Italy. 

24.  Annales  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

25.  Bulletin  de  la  societe  entomologique  de  France.     Paris. 

26.  Entomologischer   Anzeiger,   hersg.    Adolf    Hoffmann.     Wien,    Austria. 

27.  Bolletino  della  Societa  Entomologica.     Geneva,   Italy. 

28.  Ent.    Tidskrift   utgifen   af    Ent.   Foreningen   i    Stockholm.      Sweden. 

29.  Annual  Report  of  the  Ent.  Society  of  Ontario.     Toronto,   Canada. 

30.  The  Maine  Naturalist.     Thornaston,   Maine. 

31.  Nature.     London. 

32.  Boletim  do  Museu  Nacional  do  Rio  de  Janiero.     Brazil. 

33.  Bull,  et  Annales  de  la  Societe  entomologique  de  Belgique.     Bruxelles. 

34.  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  hrsg.  v.   E.  Korschelt.     Leipzig. 

35.  The   Annals   of   Applied    Biology.     Cambridge,    England. 

36.  Transactions   of  the   Entomological   Society  of   London.     England. 

37.  Proceedings   of    the   Hawaiian    Entomological    Society.     Honolulu. 

38.  Bull,  of  the  Southern  California  Academy  of   Sciences.     Los  Angeles. 

39.  The  Florida  Entomologist.     Gainesville,   Fla. 

40.  American   Museum    Novitates.     New   York. 

41.  Mitteilungen  der  schweiz.  ent.  Gesellschaft.     Schaffhausen,  Switzerland. 

42.  The  Journal   of    Experimental   Zoology.      Philadelphia. 

43.  Ohio   Journal  of   Sciences.     Columbus,    Ohio. 

44.  Revista   chilena   de   historia   natural.     Valparaiso,    Chile. 

45.  Zeitschrift    fiir    wissenschaftliche    Insektenbiologie.     Berlin. 

46.  Zeitschrift  fiir  Morphologic  und  Okologie  der  Tiere.     Berlin. 

47.  Journal  of  Agricultural   Research.     Washington,   D.   C. 

48.  Wiener  entomologische  Zcitung.     Wien,   Austria. 

49.  Entomologische   Mitteilungen.     Berlin. 

W.  Proceedings   of   the   U.   S.   National   Museum.     Washington,   D.   C. 

51.  Notulae  entomologicae,  ed.  Soc.  ent.  Helsingfors.    Helsingfors,  Finland. 

52.  Archiv  fiir   Naturgeschichte,   hrsg.  v.  E.  Strand.     Berlin. 


53.  Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical   Science.     London. 

54.  Annales  de  Parasitologie  Humaine  et  Comparee.     Paris. 

55.  Pan-Pacific   Entomologist.     San    Francisco,   Cal. 

56.  "Konowia".     Zeit.    fiir    systematische    Insektenkunde.      Wien,    Austria. 

57.  La  Feuille  des  Naturalistes.     Paris. 

58.  Entomologische  Berichten.    Nederlandsche  ent.  Ver.     Amsterdam. 

59.  Encyclopedic  entomologique,  ed.  P.  Lechevalier.     Paris. 

60.  Stettiner   entomologische   Zeitung.     Stettin,    Germany. 

61.  Proceedings  of   the   California   Academy  of   Sciences.     San   Francisco. 

62.  Bulletin  of  the  American  Museum  of   Natural  History.     New  York. 

63.  Deutsche  entomologische  Zeitschrift   "Iris".     Berlin. 

64.  Zeitschrift  des   osterr.   entomologen-Vereines.     Wien. 

65.  Zeitschrift  fiir  angewandte  Entomologie,  hrsg.   K.   Escherich.     Berlin. 

66.  Report  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Meeting.     Pusa,  India. 

67.  University  of  California  Publications,  Entomology.     Berkeley,  Cal. 

68.  Science.     New  York. 

69.  Comptes  rendus  hebdoma.  des  seances  de  1'Academie  des  sciences.  Paris. 

70.  Entomologica  Americana,  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.     Brooklyn. 

71.  Novitates  Zoologicae.     Tring,   England. 

72.  Revue  russe  d'Entomologie.     Leningrad,  USSR. 

73.  Quarterly  Review  of   Biology.     Baltimore,   Maryland. 

74.  Sbornik  entomolog.  narodniho  musea  v  Praze.    Prague,  Czechoslavokia. 

75.  Annals  and   Magazine  of   Natural   History.     London. 

76.  The   Scientific   Monthly.     New   York. 

77.  Comptes  rendus  heb.  des  seances  et  memo,  de  la  soc.  de  biologic.  Paris. 

78.  Bulletin  Biologique  de  la  France  et  de  la  Belgique.     Paris. 

79.  Koleopterologische  Rundschau.     Wien. 

80.  Lepidopterologische   Rundschau,  hrsg.   Adolf   Hoffmann.     Wien. 

81.  Folia  myrmecol.  et  termitol.  hrsg.  Anton  Krausse.     Bernau  bei  Berlin. 

82.  Bulletin,  Division  of  the  Natural  History  Survey.     Urbana,  Illinois. 

83.  Arkiv   for  zoologie,   K.   Svenska   Vetenskapsakademien   i.      Stockholm. 

84.  Ecology.     Brooklyn. 

85.  Genetics.     Princeton,   New  Jersey. 

86.  Zoologica,  New  York  Zoological  Society.     New  York. 

87.  Archiv  fiir  Entwicklungs  mechanik  der  Organ.,  hrsg.  v.  Roux.     Leipzig. 

88.  Die  Naturwissenschaf  ten,  hrsg.  A.  Berliner.     Berlin. 

89.  Zoologische   Jahrbiicher,    hrsg.  v.  Spengel.     Jena,    Germany. 

90.  The  American  Naturalist.     Garrison-on-Hudson,  New  York. 

91.  Journal  of  the  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.     Washington,  D.  C. 

92.  Biological  Bulletin.     Wood's  Hole,  Massachusetts. 

93.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London.     England. 

94.  Zeitschrift  fiir  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.     Leipzig. 

95.  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Soc.  of  Washington,   Washington,  D.  C. 

96.  La  Cellule.     Lierre,  Belgium. 

97.  Biologisches   Zentralblatt.     Leipzig. 

Le  Naturaliste  Canadien.     Cap  Rouge,   Chicoutimi,   Quebec. 
Melanges  exotico-entomologiques,  Par  Maurice  Pic.     Moulins,  France. 

100.  Bulletin    Intern.,    Academic    Polonaise    des    Sci.    et    des    Lett.    Cra- 

covie,   Poland. 

101.  Tijdschrift      voor      entomologie,       Nederlandsche       Entomol.       Ver., 

Amsterdam. 

102.  Entomologiske   Meddelelser,   Entomol ogisk   Forening,    Copenhagen. 

103.  Journal    of    the    Kansas    Entomological     Society.    Lawrence,     Kansas. 

104.  Revista  de  la  Sociedad  entomologica  Argentina,  Buenos  Aires. 

105.  Revista  Entomologia,   Sao  Paulo,  Brazil. 

106.  Anales   Sociedad  Cientifica   Argentina,   Buenos  Aires. 


164  ENTOMOLOGICAL   NEWS  [June,    '32 

were  several  of  the  beetles,  and  among  the  moths  several  had 
only  been  pinned !  Following  this  up  by  questions,  I  learned 
that  the  student  supposed  he  had  spread  all  the  moths  and  only 
pinned  all  the  bettles.  As  he  had  worked  on  insects  consider- 
ably for  over  a  year,  one  of-  two  conclusions  seems  obvious : 
either  the  resemblance  of  the  two  species  is  extremely  great, 
or  the  student  was  not  giving  much  attention  to  what  he  was 
doing.  Knowing  the  two  species  as  you  do,  I  leave  you  to 
draw  your  own  conclusions  as  to  which  is  correct. 

But  how  did  it  happen  that  the  beetle  and  the  moth  were  fly- 
ing actively  about  and  crawling  over  the  same  plant  at  about 
two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  unless  there  is  the  factor  of  mimi- 
cry involved?  I  have  never  chanced  to  run  across  anything 
written  about  mimicry  in  these  insects  but  the  generic  name  of 
the  moth — Lyco-morpha — is  at  least  suggestive  that  their  simi- 
larity has  been  noticed.* 

Yours  sincerely, 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   LAURA   S.    MACKEY    UNDER   THE   SUPERVISION   OF 

E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also.  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

fetTNote  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Papers  published   in   the  Entomological  Ncivs  arc.    not  listed. 

GENERAL. — Barrett,  R.  E. — An  annotated  list  of  the 
insects  and  arachnids  affecting  the  various  species  of  wal- 
nuts or  members  of  the  genus  Juglans.  [67]  5:  275-309. 
Eltringham,  H. —  [Entomology  and  its  bearing  on  human 

[*Poulton  &  Marshall's  paper  on  the  Bionomics  of  South  African 
Insects  (Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  London,  1902,  pt.  iii)  has  a  section  and  a  plate 
(xviii)  on  mimicry  in  the  "group  with  Lycoid  markings." — ED.] 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  165 

progress.].  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  109-123.  Griffin, 
F.  J. — On  the  dates  of  publication  and  contents  of  the  parts 
of  Westwood  (J.  O.).  Introduction  to  the  Modern  Classi- 
fication of  Insects,  1838-1840.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6: 
83-84.  Gunder,  J.  D. — Kow-towing-  to  the  general  zoolog- 
ist. [19]  27:  62,  ill.  Headlee,  T.  J.— Further  studies  of  the 
effects  of  electromagnetic  waves  on  insects.  [12]  25:  276- 
288,  ill.  Heikertinger,  F. — Wie  beschafft  sich  der  Spezialist 
die  notige  Literatur?  [79]  18:  21-35.  Herms,  W.  B.— In- 
sect parasitology.  [12]  25:  222-232.  Hobby,  B.  M.— Local 
abundance  as  a  factor  governing  prey-selection  by  preda- 
cious insects.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  87.  Leeson,  H. 
S. — Methods  of  rearing  and  maintaining  large  stocks  of 
fleas  and  mosquitos  for  experimental  purposes.  [22]  23: 
25-31,  ill.  Longfield,  C. — Attacks  by  birds  on  migrating 
butterflies  observed  at  Panama  by  Miss  Cynthia  Longfield. 
[Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  90-91.  Poulton,  E.  B.— Doubts 
about  the  frequency  of  bird-attacks  upon  butterflies,  and 
about  the  qualities  believed  to  be  advertised  by  warning 
colours.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  90.  Ris,  F. — Obituary. 
By  O.  Schneider-Orelli.  [Act.  Soc.  Helvetique  Sci.  Nat.] 
1931:  396-407,  ill.  Shelford,  V.  E.— Basic  principles  of  the 
classification  of  communities  and  habitats  and  the  use  of 
terms.  [84]  13:  105-120,  ill.  Storer,  T.  I.— What  is  a  pub- 
lication? [68]  75:  486-487.  Wallace,  W.  G— Observations, 
nearly  eighty  years  old,  on  pompilid  wasps  and  spiders  in 
California.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  6:  71-73. 

ANATOMY,   PHYSIOLOGY,   ETC.— Bulger,  J.   W.- 

Additions  to  our  knowledge  of  the  toxicity  of  stomach  pois- 
ons to  insects.  [12]  25:  261-268,  ill.  Clayton,  D.  E.— A 
comparative  study  of  the  non-nervous  elements  in  the  ner- 
vous systems  of  invertebrates.  [13]  24:  3-22,  ill.  Cole,  A. 
C. — Use  of  the  quadrat  in  studying  the  plant-cutting  activ- 
ities of  the  ant,  Pogonomyrmex  occidentalis.  [84]  13:  213- 
214,  ill.  Crampton,  G.  C. — A  phylogenetic  study  of  the 
head  capsule  in  certain  orthopteroid,  psocoid,  hemipteroid 
and  holometabolous  insects.  [19]  27:  19-49,  ill.  Fife,  J.  M. 
—A  method  of  artificially  feeding  the  sugar-beet  leafhop- 
per.  [68]  75:  465-466,  ill.  Green,  T.  L.— Function  of  the 
spiracles  of  insects.  [31]  129:  582.  Hockenyos  &  Lilly.— 
Toxicitv  studies  by  hypodermic  injection  of  Celerio  lineata 
larvae.  '|  12]  25  :  253-261,  ill.  Hood  &  Hook.— Tergo-sternal 
muscles  in  the  Thysanoptera.  [19]  27:  1-6,  ill.  Park,  T.— 
Studies  in  population  physiology:  the  relation  of  numbers 
to  initial  population  growth  in  the  flour  beetle  Tribolium 


166  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '32 

confusum.  [84]  13:  172-181,  ill.  Rivnay,  E— Studies  in 
tropisms  of  the  bed  bug  Cimex  lectularius.  [Parasitology] 
24:  121-136,  ill.  Riihle,  H.— Das  larvale  tracheensystem 
von  Drosophila  melanogaster  und  seine  variabilitat.  [94] 
141:  159-245,  ill.  Theodor,  O.— On  the  structure  of  the 
buccal  cavity  pharynx  and  spermatheca  in  South  American 
Phlebotomus.  [22]  23:  17-23,  ill.  Tillyard,  R.  J.— The  wing- 
venation  of  the  order  Isoptera.  [Proc.  Linnean  Soc.  N.  S. 
Wales]  56:  371-390,  ill.  Verlaine,  L.— L'instinct  et  1'intelli- 
gence  chez  les  Hymenopteres.  [33]  72:  89-97. 

ARACHNIDA     AND     MYRIOPODA.— *Beier,     M.- 

Pseudoscorpionidea  I.  Subord.  Chthoniinea  et  Neobisiinea. 
[Das  Tierreich]    Lief.   57:  258pp.,  ill.     Stewart,   M.  A.- 
Dispersal  of  the  sticktight  flea  of  hens  (Echidnophaga  gal- 
linacea).  [12]  25:  164-167. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Jordan,  K. 

-Die  aus  der  arktischen  Zone  bekannten  flohe.  [Fauna 
Arctica]  6:  117-118.  *McDunnough,  J. — Further  notes  on 
the  Ephemeroptera  of  the  north  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence.  [4]  64:  78-81.  Neave,  F.— A  study  of  the  May 
Flies  (Hexagenia)  of  Lake  Winnipeg.  [Contrib.  Canadian 
Biol.  &  Fish.]  7:  177-201,  ill.  *Silvestri,  F.— Descrizione  di 
un  nuovo  genere  ecitofilo  di  Lepismidae  (Thysanura). 
[Rev.  Ent.  Sao  Paulo]  2:  133-138,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Menozzi,  C.— Contribute  alia  cono- 
scenza  dei  Dermatteri  del  Brasile.  [Rev.  Ent.  Sao  Paulo] 
2:  150-168.  *Rehn,  J.  A.  G. — New  or  little  known  neotrop- 
ical Blattidae.  [1]  58:  103-137,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— *Beamer,  R.  H.— Some  Erythroneura 
(grape  leaf  hoppers)  of  the  Maculata  group.  (Cicadellidae). 
[4]  64:  82-88,  cont.  Hoffmann,  C.  H.— The  biology  of 
three  North  American  species  of  Mesovelia  (Mesoveliidae). 
[4]  64:  88-95,  cont.  Myers,  J.  G. — Observations  on  the 
family  Tennitaphididae  (Heteroptera)  with  the  description 
of  a  new  species  from  Jamaica.  [75]  9:  366-372,  ill.  de  la 
Torre  Bueno,  J.  R. — Murgantia  histrionica  in  Mississippi ; 
and  comment  on  the  incompleteness  of  catalogues  and  faun- 
al  lists.  [19]  27:  18. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bratley,  H.  E.— The  Oleander  cat- 
erpillar, Syntomeida  epilais.  [39]  15:  57-64,  ill.  *Ferreira 
d' Almeida,  R. — Etude  sur  le  genre  Terias.  [25]  37:  44-47, 
ill.  (S).  *Hoffmann,  F.— Eine  neue  Hesperide.  [17]  49: 
77-79.  (S).  Huntington,  E.  I.— A  list  of  the  Rhopalocera  of 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  167 

Barro  Colorado  Island,  Canal  Zone,  Panama.  [62]  63 :  191- 
230.  de  Joannis,  J. — Deux  rectifications  concernant  des 
Lepidopteres.  (Galleriidae  et  Crambidae).  [25]  37:  54-57. 
*Meyrick,  E. — Exotic  Microlepidoptera.  4:  193-224.  (S). 

DIPTERA. — *Aldrich,  J.  M. — Records  of  dipterous  in- 
sects of  the  family  Tachinidae  reared  by  the  late  George 
Dimmock,  with  description  of  one  ne\v  species  and  notes  on 
the  genus  Anetia.  [50]  80,  Art.  20:  8pp.  Aldrich,  J.  M.- 
Collecting  flies  in  the  Gaspe  Peninsula  of  eastern  Quebec. 
[Explor.  &  Field-Work  Smiths.  Inst.J  1931:  83~86,  ill. 
Dinulescu,  G. — Recherches  sur  la  biologic  des  Gastrophiles. 
[An.  Sci.  Nat.  Zool.,  Paris]  15:  183pp.,  ill.  *Edwards,  F. 
W. — New  Brazilian  Mycetophilidae.  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo] 
138-149,  ill.  Hoffmann,  C.  C. — Anopheles  pseudopuncti- 
pennis  y  su  relacion  con  el  paludismo  en  la  Republica  Mexi- 
cana.  [Rev.  Mexicana  de  Biologia]  12:  33-42.  Krober,  O. 
-Bemerkungen  iiber  die  systematik  der  neotropischen 
Tabaniden,  nebst  bestimmungstabelle  der  subfamilien  und 
gattungen.  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo]  2:  185-202,  ill.  Metcalf, 
C.  L. — Black  flies  and  other  biting  flies  of  the  Adirondacks. 
[N.  Y.  State  Mus.  Bull.]  Bull.  289:  5-58,  ill.  Paramonow, 
S.  J. — Beitrage  zur  monographic  der  gattungen  Cytherea, 
Anastoechus  etc.  Bombyliidae.  [Trav.  Mus.  Zool.  Acad. 
Sci.  Ukraine]  No.  9:  355-481.  Rogers,  J.  S.— On  the  biol- 
ogy of  Limonia  (Dicranomyia)  floridana.  [39]  15:  65-70, 
ill.  Tate,  P. — The  larval  instars  of  Orthopodomyia  pulchri- 
palpis  (Nematocera).  [Parasitology]  24:  111-120,  ill.  *Van 
Duzee,  M.  C. — New  species  of  Dolichopodidae  from  North 
America  and  Cuba,  with  notes  on  known  species.  [40] 
521:  14pp.,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— *Blaisdell,  F.  E.— Studies  in  the  tene- 
brionid  tribe  Scaurini  a  monographic  revision  of  the 
Eulabes.  [1]  58:  35-101.  ill.  Bruch,  C.— Metamorfosis  <U- 
Entimus  nobilis  (Curculionidae) .  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo] 
2:  179-185,  ill.  Buchanan,  L.  L. — The  parsley  and  carrot 
weevil,  Listronotus  latiusculus.  [19]  27:  7-8.  Gebhardt, 
A.  V.— Zur  Eidonomie  der  Buprestidrn.  [79]  18:  1-20,  ill. 
Leng,  C.  W. — Boving  and  Craighead's  larvae  of  Coleop- 
tera.  [Review]  [19]  27:  56-58.  Marshall,  G.— Notes  on  the 
Hylobiinae  (Cure.).  [75]  9:  341-355,  ill.  :i:Melzer,  J.— Vinte 
especies  novas  de  Cerambycideos  neotropicos,  principal- 
mente  do  Brasil.  [Rev.  Ent.  Sao  Paulo]  2:  216-238,  ill. 
Schaeffer,  C.— Serica  brunnea.  [19]  27:  50.  Siepmann,  C. 
G.— Omosita  discoidea  (Nitidulidae).  [19]  27:49-50.  *Van 


168  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [June,  '32 

Dyke,  E.  C. — Miscellaneous  studies  in  the  Elateridae  and 
related  families  of  Coleoptera.  [Pro.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.]  20: 
291-465. 

HYMENOPTERA. — Bequaert,  J.— [Appendix  to  paper 
by  Cockerellj.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Bees  (Apoidea)  col- 
lected at  Chichenitza.  Yucatan,  by  the  Harvard  Expedi- 
tions of  1929-1930.  [19]  27:  9-17.  *Donisthorpe,  H.— A 
new  species  of  Camponotus  (Formicidae)  from  Colombia. 
[Stylops]  1:  88-89.  Hoffmann,  C.  H.— Hymenopterous 
parasites  from  the  eggs  of  Aquatic  and  semi-aquatic  in- 
sects. [103]  5:  33-37.  Olmedo,  I.  H.— Ei  Tenthredinido 
Neodiprion  vallicola  plaga  de  los  pinos  en  el  Estado  de 
Michoacan,  Mexico.  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo]  2:  168-175,  ill. 
Rau,  P. — The  courtship  dance  and  sleeping  habits  of  Scolia 
dubia.  [19]  27:  59-62.  *Richards,  O.  W—  A  note  on  the 
genus  Microstigmus,  with  the  description  of  a  new  species. 
[75]  9:  372-377.  (S).  Thorpe,  W.  H.— The  primary  larvae 
of  three  Ophionine  ichneumonids,  parasitic  on  Rhyacionia. 
[Parasitology]  24:  107-110,  ill.  Wheeler,  W.  M.— Some 
attractions  of  the  field  study  of  ants.  [76]  397-402,  ill.  *Wil- 
kinson,  D.  S. — Three  new  Braconids.  (S).  [Stylops]  1: 
85-88. 

Special  Note. 

Among  the  many  contributions  to  entomological  science, 
which  make  for  chaos  rather  than  order  and  leave  the  field  a 
farrago  for  some  careful  constructive  worker,  with  much  labor, 
to  clear  away  before  beginning  his  building,  may  be  mentioned 
"Die  neotropischen  Chloropiden,"  by  Oswald  Duda  (Folia 
Zool.  et  Hydrobiol.,  II,  p.  46-128,  1930).  A  very  involved  work 
and  difficult  to  interpret,  with  many  violations  of  acknowledged 
rules  of  nomenclature,  especially  some  of  those  recently  sug- 
gested for  enforcement  but  always  followed  by  serious  workers. 
This  work  is  in  the  form  of  keys,  and  in  such  manner  a  new 
sub-family  name  is  proposed,  many  new  names  for  genera  (23), 
some  without  any  citation  or  indication  of  the  type,  some  with- 
out an  included  species. 

Works  of  this  nature  should  not  be  accepted  for  publication 
by  any  progressive  scientific  medium,  and  should  be  ignored  by 
all  serious  entomologists  and  considered  nonexisting  by  the 
entomological  world.  We  cannot  hope  that  the  zoological  world 
will  take  any  steps  to  so  treat  such  barriers  to  the  advancement 
of  science.  The  botanists  are  to  be  envied  for  their  stand  re- 
garding the  legitimate  establishment  of  genera  and  species. 

E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 


JULY.  1932 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


Vol.  XLIII 


No.  7 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Gunder — Macrolepidoptera:  Species  and  Lower  Concepts 

Rehn — On  Preparing  Grasshoppers  (Orthop. :  Acrididae) 

Miller— The  Red  and  Black  Cherry  Aphid  in  Massachusetts  (Homop.: 
Aphiidae) .  ...  

Rockwood  and  Chamberlin — Additional  Host  Plants  of  Grapholitha 
conversana  Wlsm.  in  the  North  Pacific  Region  ( Lepidoptera  : 
Olethreutidae) 

Montgomery — Records  of  Louisiana  Butterflies  (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera) 

Van  Duzee — Three  New  Species  of  Dolichopodidae  from  North  America 
and  Cuba,  with  Notes  on  Diaphorus  leucostola  Loew  and  its 
Allies  (Diptera) 

Richards — Paraherminia  — New  Genus  for  the  European  "  Herminia" 
derivalis  Hbn.  (Lepid.:  Noctuidae) 

McClure— Incubation  of  Bark  Bug  Eggs  (Hemiptera:  Aradidae)..  .    . 

Gloyd — Four  New  Dragonfly  Records  for  the  United  States  (Odonata) 

Entomological  Literature  .    .  

Doings  of  Societies— Entomology  at  the  Fourth  Congress  of  the  Inter- 
national Society  of  Sugar  Cane  Technologists  in  Porto  Rico 


169 
175 

178 


180 

182 


183 

188 
188 
189 
190 

195 


Ninth  Rocky  Mountain  Conference  of  Entomologists 196 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1. 

Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January   15,  1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors. 

Advisory  Committee :     Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 
The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 

United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .         .        $3.00 

Canada 3.15 

Foreign    .  .  .          3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  "  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for   sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS, 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks,  or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks  and  pay  for 
the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 

Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  art 
solicited;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  without  covers  over  and 
above  the  twenty-five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five 
copies,  35  cents;  three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages, 
twenty-five  copies,  $1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone 
plate,  twenty-five  copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies  25  cents- 
greater  numbers  of  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates.  Printed 
covers  for  50  copies,  $4.00  or  more,  according  to  number  of  pages  bound. 


ENT.  NEWS,  VOL.  XLIII. 


Plate  VII. 


MACROLEPIDOPTERA 


R 


PECIES- ...      SPECIES 

A  prime  group  of  individuals  reproducing  then  own  in  fynd. 

ACE-     -(Subspecies  &  "variety"  being  synonymous.) RACE 

A  digressing  near-by  group  or  a  separate  jar-away  group  of  individuals   reproducing   their   own    in    fynd 
which  are  constantly  similar  to,  yet  consistently  atypical  of,  a   predetermined  group. 


LOCAL  FORM  — F.LOC. 

A  cognate  form  whose  congenial  habitat  or  metropolis  is  considered  restricted  to  segregated 
localities  within  the  range  of  a  species  or  race  and  generally  contiguous  to  them;  i,  e.  altitude 
or  confined  desert  forms. 

FORM — (or  general  form) F 

A  form  occuring  quite  generally  and  commonly    throughout    the    range    of  a  species    or 
ORMS         \   race.  This  term  is  much  abused,  new  names  being  given  on  slight  differences  usually  "repre- 
senting ordinary  variance  or  usual  variance  occuring  within  the  range  of  a  typical  series  and 
understood  by  the  original  author." 

SEASONAL  FORM— F.  VERN.  or  F.  AEST. 

Forms  occuring  within  a  species  or  nice  only  at  certain  periods  of  the  year. 

V SEXUAL  FORMS—      .       .  ...  .      C?  F.  &   Q  F. 

Forms  belonging  to  one  sex  only. 

Deviating,  cognate  individuals  or  group  of  individuals,  bred  continually  or  at  cyclic  periods  within  a 
species  or  within  a  race,  and  which  are,  as  a  rule,  practically  counterparts  of  one  another. 

RANSITION  FORM— TR.  F. 

Recurrent  individuals  within  a  species  or  within  a  race  which  by  change  of  color  or  by  change  of  pattern 
graduate  with  persistent  characteristic  similarity  from  parental  type  to  definitely  limited  variation  away 
from  parental  type.  These  may  be  classified  for  name  retention  as  follows: 


Change  of  color - 


I   melanism 
1  chromatis 


Change  of  pattern - 


ism  —  to  blac^ 

tism  —  to  jollon'  color  sequence 
|  albinism  —  to  white 
i   pellucidism  —  lacfyng  co/oi,  or  to  iridescence 

Iimmaculism  —  lacking  design 
albifusism  —  white  design  radiation 
chromatifusism  —  color  design  radiation 
melamfusism  —  blacl{  design  radiation 


YBRID— . 


HYBRID 


Progeny  which  hare  the  combined  essential  characteristics  of   parents   each    unlike   in    specific    character 
relation. 


NNAMABLE  or  SYNONYMOUS  FORMS— 


SYNONYM 


Hermaphrodites,  mosaics,  dwarfs  and  giants,  rubbed  specimens,  chrysalis  burns,  pigmental 
fluid  misplacements,  venation  malformations,  wing  shape  distortions  with  resulting  pattern 
changes,  scaleless,  monstrosities,  degreasing  or  killing  color  changes,  fades,  inverted  wings, 
parasitic  wing  punctures  and  all  so-called  freaks,  aberrations,  mutants,  illforms,  malforms,  de- 
forms and  sports. 

Names  given  to  specimens  which  vary  from  normal  in  an  abnormal  way  due  to  the  above  listed  lepidoptenf 
inflictions  fall  into  the  synonymy  ar.d  have  no  classification  rating  by  ranf^  in  checff  lists  or  catalogues. 


CLASSIFICATION 


(  GUNDER  ) 


ENTOMOLOGICAL          ^ 

VOL.  XLIII.  JULY,    1932  No.  7 


Macrolepidoptera :  Species  and  Lower  Concepts. 

By  J.  D.  GUNDER,  Pasadena,  California. 

(Plate  VII.) 

In  former  times  makers  of  Lepidoptera  check  lists  simply 
recorded  names  one  after  the  other,  for  the  most  part  at  ran- 
dom, because  practically  everything  was  described  either  as  a 
new  species  or  as  a  new  "variety"  of  some  species  and  the 
procedure  of  classification  and  cataloging  was  easy.  Present 
day  listers  face  a  more  precise  and  difficult  nomenclature  and 
one  which  involves  showing  of  the  inter-related  concepts, 
inter-related  concepts,  I  mean  those  catagories  known  as  races, 
various  forms,  transition  forms  and  possibly  hybrids.  These 
classificatory  divisions,  like  the  rungs  on  the  evolutionary  lad- 
der, are  units  for  names,  each  of  which  requires  and  is  entitled 
"fo  a  potential  position  in  tabulation  which  should  be  as  approxi- 
mately natural  and  convenient  1  as  our  present  knowledge  and 
scheme  of  printing  permits.  Our  modern  check  lists,  therefore, 
are  a  great  improvement  over  the  older  and  more  simple  lists 
which  were  not  built  on  any  definite  evolutionary  standard  and 
there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  future  lists  will  register 
an  even  greater  accuracy  in  this  respect.  To  improve  future 
lists  taxonomists  must  study  the  question  of  concepts ;  they 
must  understand  their  scope,  unitize  their  meaning  and  know 
when  to  employ  them  to  best  advantage.  There  must  not  be 
too  many  concepts,  nor  too  many  phrases  used  to  express  the 
same  concept ;  also  concepts  must  not  be  illogically  used,  that 
is,  strung  together  in  illogical  formation.  I  will  refer  to  this 
just  a  little  farther  on.  If  a  concept  attempts  to  cover  too 
great  a  range,  it  demoralizes  its  meaning  and  defeats  its  pur- 
pose ;  not  only  that,  but  it  corrupts  its  value  when  used  again 
for  neighboring  names.  Of  course  a  minority  of  new  names 

1  Note  last   sentence  in  statement   !>y   ("apt.    X.    l>.   RiK-y  of   London   on 
page  271  of  the  November,   1927,  KNTOMOI .<U.K :,u.  -Ni-:\vs. 


169 


JUL 


141932 


170  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Juty>    '^2 

cannot  be  definitely  placed  immediately  or  at  the  time  of  pro- 
posal or  for  a  considerable  time  after ;  however,  this  trouble 
is  mostly  to  be  encountered  among  the  forms  and  transition 
forms,  so  it  is  in  these  groups  that  authors  will  have  to  watch 
most  carefully  the  value  of  their  classification  ratings.  I  have 
noticed  that  during  the  last  decade  authors  are  beginning  to 
take  more  care  of  their  new  names  and  are  beginning  to  realize - 
that  the  burden  of  correct  check  listing  is  not  to  be  left  wholly 
to  the  discretion  and  secondhand  judgment  of  the  lister.  It 
was  easy  in  bygone  days  for  an  author  just  to  call  a  thing 
something-new,  like  "variety  nov."  or  "ab.  nov.",  etc.,  and  then 
let  the  lister  worry  as  to  how  it  should  be  placed.  Those  were 
indeed  the  good  old  days  when  one  took  a  chance  without 
thought  of  classification  or  neighboring  names,  but  that  slipshod 
era  is  rapidly  passing  and  more  and  more  must  the  namer 
shoulder  some  responsibility  when  naming  for  the  true  position 
in  classification  of  his  new  assemblage,  which  means  that  nam- 
ing is  being  put  on  a  more  scientific  basis  with  the  result  that 
there  will  be  less  synonymy. 

A  discussion  of  classification  does  some  good  if  only  to 
familiarize  others  as  to  the  more  correct  usage  of  terms  lower 
than  species.  A  common  error,  made  by  even  some  of  our 
entomological  professors,  is  the  misuse  of  the  terms  race  and 
form  when  a  racial  meaning  is  in  mind.  For  example,  it  is 
incorrect  to  say,  "This  form  occurs  in  western  America",  but 
the  sentence  should  read,  "This  race  occurs  in  western  Amer- 
ica". Remember  that  a  form  comes  of,  is  found  with,  or  is 
an  immediate  part  of  either  a  race  or  a  species,  while  a  race  is 
an  independent  portion,  a  unit  by  itself,  much  as  is  a  species, 
except  that  it  is  considered  less  mature.  At  the  bottom  of  page 
183,  in  the  June,  1929,  issue  of  the  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  in 
an  article  entitled,  "What  Constitutes  a  Good  Original  Descrip- 
tion", I  referred  to  an  example  showing  indiscriminate  use  of 
the  term  form.  Anyone  interested  should  look  up  the  Decem- 
ber, 1928,  issue  of  the  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological 
Society  and  see  the  paper  entitled,  "Variations  in  Junonia 
lavinia"  by  Dr.  Wm.  T.  M.  Forbes.  The  word  form  appears 
82  times  designating  various  groups. 


xliii,   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  171 

The  classification  chart  (Plate  VII)  accompanying  this 
article  is  similar  to  the  one  printed  in  the  November,  1927,  issue 
of  the  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS.  Only  a  few  slight  changes  have 
been  made.  The  definitions  are  short  and  in  some  cases 
partially  borrowed  from  longer  ones.  A  short  definition  rarely 
overshoot^  an  opinion  and  is  less  likely  to  complicate  an  issue. 
(  )nly  useable  classification  terms,  as  generally  understood  in 
America,  are  included  and  with  one  exception,  no  mention  is 
made  of  British  and  Continental  conceptions  which  seem  to 
vary  according  to  the  countries.  Illogical  formation  or  arrays 
of  terms  suggested  by  misinstructed  authors  may  lead  some  to 
anticipate  a  chance  for  multinomials,  but  there  is  absolutely  no 
danger  of  phytogeny  overbalancing  nomenclature,  if  the  subject 
is  understood  and  handled  rightly.  Picking  at  random  from 
names  given  to  North  American  butterflies,  among  the  many 
similar  and  longest  combinations  definitely  possible,  the  follow- 
ing one  happens  to  be  the  first  on  my  own  check  list,  Papilio 
p/iilcuor  liirsuta  iin/liaiui  Gun.,  (genus  Papilio,  species  philcnor, 
race  hirsufa,  tr.f.  iiif/lnnni  Gun.).  That  is  not  exactly  a  brain- 
breaker,  as  on  the  whole,  the  use  of  the  quadrinomial  is  well 
established.  Longer  normals  are  unnecessary  and  I  have  never 
used  or  advocated  any  of  greater  length.  Longer  names  would 
be  absurd,  especially  in  the  light  of  present  nomenclature. 
\Yhat  troubles  taxonomists.  or  leads  them  astray,  if  at  all,  is 
standing  ''the  continual  strain  of  association  with  such  horrnrs" 
in  multinomials  as  appear  in  the  writings  of  student  under- 
graduates being  "trained"  in  T.epidoptera  at  Cornell  University. 
(See  3rd  paragraph,  p.  324,  December,  1Q30,  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
VKWS:  an  article  by  \.  ?,.  Klots  of  Cornell  University,  now 
Dr.  A.  B.  Klots  of  Rochester.  X.  Y.).  For  example,  the  stupid 
octonomial,  suggested  therein  as  possible:  Chndiits  (\Icaa- 
claudius}  crosbyi  occidental;*  f.loc.  pasadcncnsis  f.aest.  mccia- 
cephhis  f.  9  iniwicits  tr.f.  absunlus  Jones.  To  begin  with, 
there  is  no  such  thing  as  a  tr.f.  of  a  f.  9  (keep  that  point  in 
mind)  and  it's  a  mistaken  combination,  check  list  or  otherwise, 
which  attempts  to  show  a  straight  f.  9  of  a  f.aest.  Further, 
a  f.loc.  would  probably  revert  to  a  racial  standing  if  names 


172  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

were  found  to  be  borne  of  it.  To  illustrate  a  similar,  but  not 
hypothetical,  angle  of  possible  misconception,  we  COULD  NOT 
say  of  ab.  rothkci  Reiff.  that  we  have  an  ab.  of  Eurymus  philo- 
dice,  f.  $  alba  Stkr.,  reading  Eurymus  philodicc  alba  rothkci 
Reiff. ;  but  WE  COULD  say  we  have  an  ab.  rothkci  Reiff.  of 
Eurymus  philodicc  Godt.,  reading  Eurymus  philodicc  rothkci 
Reiff.  Crediting  any  tenable  system  of  classification,  my  own 
(as  suggested),  or  any  other,  with  such  unachievable  accom- 
plishments is  a  boomerang  for  a  student-author  and  doubtful 
instruction  on  the  part  of  his  taxonomic  professor. 

THE  TERM  SPECIES. 

Among  the  definitions  on  the  accompanying  chart,  I  would 
call  attention  to  the  use  of  the  word  PRIME  in  species.  They 
say  that  anyone  is  foolish  to  try  to  define  species.  That  may 
be  so,  but  my  use  of  the  word  prime  in  this  instance  only  tries 
to  straddle  our  more  or  less  artificial  situation  by  covering 
priority  as  to  man's  discovery  and  as  to  oldness  by  natural 
descent.  There  is  no  one  who  doubts  that  our  priority  arrange- 
ment takes  an  unfair  advantage  over  the  natural  situation; 
however,  we  will  have  to  struggle  along  for  many  years  before 
a  complete  change  of  system  can  be  worked  out.  Personally, 
I  would  advocate,  for  the  time  being,  the  ''forgetting  of  the 
Law"  when  it  comes  to  the  "form  morn."  names.  We  only 
have  a  few  isolated  cases  now  and  will  have  less  as  authors 
appreciate  concept  values.  I  would  like  to  hear  from  Mr.  F.  H. 
Benjamin  of  Washington  upon  this  subject.  Shall  it  be  priority 
within  concepts  only? 

THE  TERM  RACE. 

The  word  PREDETERMINED  in  the  definition  of  race  throws 
the  responsibility  of  determination  on  to  the  species  where  it 
naturally  rests.  Sometimes  it  is  asked  whether  the  term  race, 
within  itself,  is  a  sufficient  classification  unit,  as  there  are  so- 
called  "geographical  races"  and  biological  races.  All  butterfly 
races  are  geographical;  that  is  understood  when  the  word  race 
is  used  alone,  so  geographical  is  a  superfluous  adjective.  Like- 
wise are  the  words  climatic  and  altitudinal  superfluous  when 


xliii.   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  173 

similarly  used.  In  the  same  locality  within  a  species  or  within 
a  race  we  have  "climatical  forms",  better  expressed  as  seasonal 
forms,  but  these  are  not  races  by  any  means.  In  original 
descriptions  the  word  race  is  used  alone  with  new,  no  further 
superlative  being  needed.  It  is  a  sufficient  classification  unit. 
Butterflies  have  no  biological  races.  A  few  examples  have 
been  cited  among  the  moths  (Dr.  W.  H.  Thorppe  in  Annals  of 
Applied  Biology,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  3,  Aug.,  1931).  These 
would  still  be  check-listed  as  races,  I  imagine,  without  the  need 
of  an  explanatory  prefix. 

In  several  articles  in  the  past  I  have  made  complaint  against 
the  use  in  original  description  of  the  archaic  term  "variety", 
as  var.  nov.  and  otherwise.  Some  authors  continue  its  use 
because  they  think  that  all  zoological  terms,  (as  well  as  names), 
should  be  in  Latin,  or  of  Latin  derivation,  and  some  authors 
think  that  because  others  use  it,  they  should  continue  its  em- 
ployment as  well,  but  the  mere  use  of  a  term  does  not  enhance 
its  quality.  The  word  race  is  a  very  much  better  designation 
to  use  in  its  place  with  new  ;  i.e.  new  race.  "Variety"  is  so 
indefinite  and  does  not  mean  the  same  thing  to  all  entomological 
workers  or  even  to  workers  in  the  same  Order  and  it  usually 
has  to  be  accompanied  by  some  explanation.  What  I  mean  by 
explanation  is  this:  for  example,  three  new  moths  recently 
described  as  new  varieties  or  "n.  var."  by  Dr.  AIcDunnough 
on  page  39  of  the  February,  1932,  issue  of  the  Canadian  Entom- 
ologist. As  a  headline  for  his  article  he  is  forced  to  say,  or 
rather  must  think  it  best  to  say,  that  they  are  "Some  undescribed 
RACES".  He  uses  the  term  race  there  in  the  headline  to  explain 
"n.  var."  found  just  below  in  his  description  proper;  but  why 
use  a  term  like  "variety"  which  must  need  explanation  all  the 
time?  Why  not  use  the  word  "race"  and  be  properly  under- 
stood to  begin  with?  If  one  of  those  moth  descriptions  were 
ever  copied  out  separately  from  the  original  text,  as  they  often 
are  for  one  reason  or  other,  and  his  headline  should  happen 
to  be  overlooked,  as  it  is  apt  to  be,  then  McDunnough's  "n. 
var."  would  be  an  open  question.  Mr.  Foster  H.  Benjamin 
once  told  me  that  when  he  saw  the  words  "var.  nov."  in  original 


1/4  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [}"!}',    '32 


description,  he  was  never  quite  sure  as  to  whether  the  author 
meant  a  race,  anyone  of  the  forms,  or  an  "aberration".  It 
has  been  used  many  times  to  mean  any  of  these  categories 
and  still  is,  unfortunately.  "Variety"  certainly  is  a  poor  word 
at  any  rate  and  finds  slim  companionship  in  critical  classifica- 
tion, being  too  general  and  being  more  or  less  of  an  admittance, 
when  used  by  some  authors,  of  their  inability  at  determination. 
They  employ  "variety"  when  they  don't  know  just  what  other 
concept  to  use,  but  that  is  no  excuse,  if  they  know  their  in- 
sects and  are  in  a  position  to  describe  comparatively  at  all.  I 
sink  the  term  "subspecies"  in  preference  to  "race"  for  fewer 
serious  reasons  and  I  shed  a  tear  in  its  behalf.  Of  course 
"subspecies"  has  always  been  more  equivalent  in  meaning  to 
"race,"  then  "variety"  ever  was.  Some  will  say  that  "sub- 
species" is  a  good  old  Washingtonian  word  and  as  such,  should 
be  kept,  like  the  name  Studebaker  is  on  fine  carriages.  They 
are  quite  right  ;  it  is  a  good  old  word  and  we  still  see  a  few 
fine  carriages,  especially  in  more  select  rural  districts.  I  sur- 
render to  those  time-worn  arguments  and  I  doff  my  hat  to 
those  venerable  four-in-hands  as  they  go  trotting  by.  Shame 
on  those  new  f  angled  horseless-carriages  ! 

THE  TERM  LOCAL  FORM. 

Dr.  J.  McDunnough,  of  Ottawa,  uses  the  category  "altitude 
form"  occasionally;  Argynnis  rhodope  minor  McD.,  for  ex- 
ample, and  possibly  Enphydryas  chalccdona  pcrdiccas  para- 
doxa  McD.  It  would  seem  to  be  a  processive  or  connective 
step  lower  than  race  in  his  opinion,  or  at  least  not  equivalent, 
otherwise  he  would  employ  the  word  "race"  instead.  This 
"altitude  form"  of  his  is  the  same  as  is  meant  and  defined 
under  local  form  in  my  chart,  but  "local  form"  seems  to  me 
to  be  a  more  conformable  and  explanatory  designation,  espe- 
cially as  it  covers  opposite  or  reversed  conditions,  e.g.,  confined 
desert  colonies,  etc.,  and  can  be  understood  to  include  self- 
sustained  units  which  connect  races  or  species  and  races  as  well. 
Personally,  I  believe  there  is  little  taxonomic  consolation  to  be 
felt  by  the  use  of  the  "local  form"  designation  in  present  boreal 


xliii,   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  175 

American  lists,  seeing  that  original  description  data  are  avail- 
able and  that  such  group  names  can  be  almost  as  well  under- 
stood when  placed  as  straight  races.  I  have  never  utilized  the 
category  myself  and  include  it  simply  for  the  convenience  of 
others  who,  like  Dr.  McDunnough  and  Mr.  Benjamin,  seem 
to  more  fully  appreciate  its  value  as  an  intermediate  necessity. 
British  and  Continental  authors  refer  to  the  term  quite  often 
and  I  do  not  see  why  American  authors  should  not  adopt  it  in 
the  interest  of  uniformity  and  thereby  help  stabilize  concepts 
in  this  particular  classificatory  division.  In  the  future,  should 
we  find  the  "home  metropolis"  of  some  species  to  be  in  Asia, 
and  have  a  Canadian  race  as  well,  then  we  can  connect  its 
"exerge"  into  Mexico,  for  example,  by  the  term  "local  form" ; 
however,  in  my  opinion,  with  world  check  lists  scarce  and  with 
our  present  knowledge  of  lineage  based  mostly  on  guess-work, 
a  division  of  this  character  and  meaning  will  have  to  bide  its 
time.  With  regard  to  the  general  misunderstanding,  misinter- 
pretation and  often  misuse  of  well-known  classificatory  terms, 
would  it  not  be  well  for  the  International  Rules  of  Zoological 
Nomenclature  to  eventually  set  forth  some  "Recommendations" 
upon  the  subject?  (See  plate  IX,  page  63,  of  the  February, 
1932,  issue  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Soci- 
ety, etc.). 

(To  be  continued). 


On  Preparing  Grasshoppers  (Orthop.:  Acrididae). 

By  JAMES  A.  G.  REHN,  Philadelphia. 

I  have  read  with  considerable  interest  the  article  by  Mr. 
Heber  C.  Donohoe  in  the  May  issue  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 
entitled,  "A  Method  of  Preparing  Grasshoppers  for  Pinned 
Specimens."  Having  had  over  thirty  years'  experience  in  both 
field  and  laboratory  preparation  of  such  material,  perhaps  a 
few  comments  apropos  of  Mr.  Donohoe's  article,  as  drawn  from 
my  own  work,  may  not  be  out  of  place. 

Mr.  Donohoe  is  convinced  that  "stuffed"  specimens  as  such 
give  "unsatisfactory  results,"  and  that  the  abdominal  opening 
unless  sealed  with  paraffin  furnishes  "favorable  conditions  for 
entrance  and  breeding  of  museum  pests."  He  also  feels  "the 


176  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Juty>    '32 

abdominal  walls  of   specimens  so  prepared   (i.  e.  stuffed)   are 
thin  and  papery  and  are  easily  torn  and  shattered." 

To  most  of  us  who  have  had  much  museum  experience  with 
grasshoppers  subject  to  infestation,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to 
point  out  that  the  abdominal  slit  is  only  one  of  the  many  points 
of  attack.  The  compound  eyes,  the  prosternum,  the  coxal  areas 
of  all  the  limbs,  the  meso-  and  metapleura  and  beneath  the 
wings  at  their  bases  are  equally  vulnerable.  For  a  collection 
tight  containers  and  quarantine  are,  and  always  will  remain, 
the  real  safeguards.  Many  years  ago  Dr.  Elliott  Coues  fittingly 
emphasized  this  in  his  proverbial  "eternal  vigilance  is  the  price 
of  a  collection." 

Mr.  Donohoe  directs  the  preparation  to  start  as  follows : 
''The  first  eight  abdominal  sterna  are  slit  mediad."  In  so 
broadly  opening  up  the  abdomen,  I  can  appreciate  how  one 
would  have  trouble  with  "papery"  abdominal  walls.  With 
reasonable  skill  in  the  use  of  the  "gutting"  forceps  it  is 
almost  never  necessary  in  a  grasshopper  to  slit  more  than  the 
three  proximal  abdominal  sterna.  In  virtually  all  preparatory 
technique  simplicity  and  reliability  are  of  paramount  import- 
ance, combined  with  the  outstanding  requisite,  i.  c.  proper 
preservation  of  the  material  in  hand.  After  many  miles  on 
foot  and  a  gruelling  day  of  desert  work  I  have  stuffed  as 
many  as  three  hundred  grasshoppers  in  an  evening,  by  the 
light  of  a  camp-fire  and  lantern,  with  my  fingers  numb  from 
October  cold,  and  even  then  a  three  segment  slit  was  all  that 
was  necessary. 

With  the  shorter  slit,  which  leaves  intact  the  often  important 
surface  structure  of  the  distal  half  of  the  abdomen,  the  thorax 
is  cleared  first,  the  specimen  then  turned  in  the  fingers,  the 
straight  forceps  reinserted,  and  then  the  abdomen  is  similarly 
eviscerated.  The  smaller  of  those  specimens  which  need  evis- 
ceration require  no  stuffing  at  all,  the  abdominal  walls  posses- 
sing sufficient  resiliency  to  return  to  their  true  form  with  a 
tease  or  so  of  the  forceps.  The  larger  specimens  require  only 
a  light  stuffing  with  chopped  cotton,  gently  worked  in,  so  as 
not  to  disturb  any  coloring  layers  lining  the  chitin,  and  merely 
enough  in  bulk  to  keep  the  walls  from  collapsing. 


xliii,  '32]  EXTOMOLOCK  AI.   \F.\VS  177 


Mr.  Hebard  and  I  have  collected  considerably  over 
hundred  thousand  Orthoptera  in  temperate  and  tropical  Amer- 
ica, and  the  simple  process  in  use  has  proved  fully  satisfactory. 
In  the  case  of  brilliant  green  material  we  also  use  immersion 
in  a  low  percentage  formaldehyde  solution  to  fix  the  greens,  "hut 
such  "dipped"  specimens  must  be  absolutely  dry  before  packing, 
as  otherwise  the  formaldedyde  will  continue  working  and  the 
color  be  hopelessly  ruined.  In  using  this  method,  however,  the 
strength  of  the  solution,  the  length  of  the  immersion  and  the 
method  of  drying  vary  according  to  the  individual  specimen. 
Although  a  considerable  number  may  be  moving  through  the 
dip  at  the  same  time,  individual  treatment  is  required  for  the 
best  results,  and  no  set  rules  can  be  given,  as  experience  is  the 
sole  guide.  The  results  of  proper  handling,  however,  are 
excellent  and  the  greens  will  be  perfectly  preserved.  \Ye  have 
in  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  many  specimens  prepared 
in  this  way  as  much  as  eighteen  years  ago,  when  we  were  first 
introduced  to  the  method  by  that  veteran  entomologist  and  old 
friend  William  T.  Davis.  These  specimens  are  still  as  vividly 
green  as  they  were  in  life. 

The  use  of  paraffin,  either  as  an  injection  or  as  an  infiltra- 
tion, would  be  impractical  under  most  field  conditions,  and  not 
at  all  advantageous  where  heat  is  applied  to  force  drying  or 
volatilize  flake  napthaline  to  combat  possible  mold,  as  frequently 
must  be  done  under  humid  tropical  conditions.  It  is  often 
difficult  for  those  accustomed  only  to  laboratory  methods  to 
realize  under  what  conditions  material  must  be  prepared  in  the 
field,  particularly  in  humid  tropical  and  extreme  desert  regions. 
In  our  field  work  Mr.  Hebard  and  I  have  on  several  occasions 
prepared  more  than  a  thousand  Orthoptera  in  a  single  night,  and 
the  specimens  always  came  through  in  distinctly  first-class  condi- 
tion. Methods  for  survey  work  of  this  character  must  be 
simple,  efficient  and  easily  applied.  Simple  stuffing,  when  done 
with  reasonable  skill,  proper  drying  and  packing  in  the  field, 
and  skilled  preparations  in  the  laboratory  will  produce  results 
equal  to  those  of  much  more  complicated  technique.  The  time 
saved  in  the  field  is  vitally  needed  for  those  invaluable  notes 
which  all  too  frequently  are  never  written  on  the  spot. 


178  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  ^'    '32 


The  Red  and  Black  Cherry  Aphid  in  Massachusetts 

(Homop.  :  Aphiidae). 

By  FORREST  W.   MILLER,  Zoology  Department,  University  of 

Pittsburgh. 

The  red  and  black  cherry  aphid,  Aphis  fcminea  (Hottes), 
was  first  reported  as  occurring  on  the  wild  black  cherry  Primus 
scrotina,  in  Maine  by  Patch  (1914)  who  ascribed  to  it  the 
name  of  Aphis  tubcrcnlata.  This  name,  however,  was  pre- 
occupied as  explained  by  Hottes  (1930)  who  proposes  the  name 
used  here.  A  second  announcement  of  the  occurrence  of  this 
species  was  given  by  Quaintance  and  Baker  (1920)  who  stated 
that  it  had  been  found  in  very  small  numbers  in  the  District  of 
Columbia.  A  third  and  most  recent  account  of  the  occurrence 
of  the  species  was  given  by  Hottes  (1931)  who  reports  it  from 
Illinois. 

During  the  summer  of  1930  the  writer  collected  this  species 
in  the  region  of  Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts.  The  host  was 
Prunus  scrotina  as  was  reported  in  all  previous  cases.  The 
forms  were  first  noted  on  June  16th  and  observations  were 
made  until  September  12th.  During  the  entire  month  of  June 
and  the  first  week  of  July  the  species  was  restricted  to  one 
host  plant  of  the  wild  black  cherry  but  later  a  few  alate  females 
appeared  and  these  migrated  to  a  second  tree  about  twenty  feet 
distant  and  started  a  colony  there.  Feeding  was  entirely  upon 
the  stem.  During  the  latter  part  of  August  the  aphids  were 
accompanied  by  ants,  the  species  of  which  was  undetermined. 

At  no  time  during  the  entire  period  of  observation  did  the 
number  increase  so  rapidly  as  to  cause  overcrowding.  Through- 
out the  entire  summer  the  species  was  restricted  to  the  two 
wild  cherry  trees  mentioned  above.  That  the  species  is  not 
very  common  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  it  has  been  found 
and  reported  but  four  times  and  further,  where  it  is  found  it  is 
apparently  restricted  to  a  very  small  locus.  Hottes  (1931) 
offers  some  possible  explanation  for  this  fact.  The  small  trees 
upon  which  the  Woods  Hole  species  was  collected  were  located 
very  close  to  a  tree  and  shrub  nursery.  It  is  very  likely  that 
the  form  was  brought  to  this  region  upon  one  of  these  trees  or 
shrubs.  The  following  is  a  detailed  description  of  the  different 
forms  collected  at  Woods  Hole,  Massachusetts,  during  the  sum- 
mer. 


xliii.   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  179 

ALATE  VIVIPAROUS  FEMALE. 

Size  and  general  body  color:  Average  length  from  the  ver- 
tex to  tip  of  anal  plate,  1.57.  Head,  thorax,  legs,  cornicles  and 
antennae  are  black.  Abdomen  a  deep  red  with  five  lateral  black- 
spots.  Forewing  with  stigma  brown,  veins  light  brown,  region 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  base  of  the  wing  a  deeper  brown.  Beak 
very  dark  brown  to  black. 

Head  and  appendages:  Average  width  of  head  across  eyes, 
.47.  Antennal  segments  with  lengths  as  follows :  II — .079  to 
.081,  average  .08;  III— .360  to  .368  average  .364;  IV— .302  to 
.314  average  .308;  V— .168  to  .172  average  .170;  VI— .097  to 
.099  average  .098  plus  .320  to  .326  average  .324.  Secondary 
sensoria  numbering  18  to  22  on  the  third  segment,  11  to  15  on 
the  fourth,  and  four  to  five  on  the  fifth  segment.  Primary 
sensoria  on  the  sixth  segment  surrounded  by  small  marginal 
sensoria.  Antenna  imbricated  and  with  few  hairs.  Beak  ex- 
tending to  the  end  of  the  mesothoracic  coxae. 

Thorax  and  appendages:  Prothorax  with  a  pair  of  large 
lateral  tubercles.  The  second  fork  of  media  slightly  closer  to 
the  margin  of  the  wing  than  to  the  first  fork. 

Abdomen:  Large  lateral  tubercles  located  on  segments  2,  3, 
4,  5,  and  7.  Cornicles  straight  averaging  .28  in  length  with  a 
flange  at  the  apex,  and  imbricated.  Cauda  averaging  .08  in 
length,  not  constricted,  and  with  from  four  to  five  pairs  of 
lateral  hairs,  the  terminal  pairs  incurved. 

APTEROUS  VIVIPAROUS  FEMALE. 

Size  and  general  body  color:  Average  length  from  vertex  to 
tip  of  anal  plate,  1.9.  Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  of  a  light 
red  color  and  covered  with  a  white  powdery  wax  secretion. 
First  two  antennal  segments  concolorous  with  head ;  third  to 
sixth  segments  darker.  Legs  of  deeper  red  than  the  body. 
Beak  same  as  in  alate  female. 

Head  and  appendages:  Average  width  of  head  across  eyes, 
.47.  Antennal  segments  with  lengths  as  follows :  II — .07  to 
.10  average  .094;  III— .25  to  .27,  average  .26;  IV— .24  to  .26, 
average  .25;  V — .24  to  .25  average  .24;  VI — .10  to  .13  average 
.11  plus  .28  to  .30  average  .29.  Secondary  sensoria  absent, 
imbricated,  and  bearing  a  few  fine  hairs.  Beak  extending  to 
the  middle  of  the  prothoracic  coxae. 

Thora.r  and  appendages:  A  pair  of  lateral  tubercles  on  the 
prothorax. 

Abdomen:  Abdominal  tubercles  located  on  segments  2,  3,  4, 
5  and  7.  Cornicles  averaging  .37  in  length  and  shaped  as  in 
the  alate  viviparous  female.  Cauda  averaging  .09  in  length 
and  with  four  to  five  pairs  of  lateral  hairs. 


180  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Jub'>    '^2 

LITERATURE  CITED. 

PATCH,  E.  M.     1914.    Maine  aphids  of  the  rose  family.    Maine 

Agr.   Exp.   Sta.   Bull.  233,  p.  254-280. 
QUAINTANCE,  A.   L.,  and  BAKER,  A.  C.     1920.     Control  of 

aphids  injurious  to  orchard  fruits,  currant,  gooseberry,  and 

grape.     Farm.  Bull.   1128,  p.   1-48. 
HOTTES,  F.  C.     1930.     Aphid  Homonyms.     Proc.  Wash.  Bio. 

Soc.  43,  p.  179-84. 
— .     1931.     Plant  lice  or  aphiidae  of  Illinois.     Nat'l  Hist. 

Survey  Bull.  19:3,  p.  193. 


Additional  Host  Plants  of  Grapholitha  conversana 
Wlsm.  in  the  North  Pacific  Region  (Lepidoptera: 

Olethreutidae). 

By  L.  P.  ROCKWOOD  and  T.  R.  CHAMBERLIN,  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Entomology,  Forest  Grove,  Oregon. 

Rockwood  and  Zimmerman  (Jour.  Agr.  Research,  Vol.  43, 
No.  1,  pp.  57-65,  1931)  have  recorded  biological  and  descrip- 
tive notes  on  this  western  clover  seed  caterpillar.  They  found 
the  larvae  of  this  species  commonly  on  the  native  clover 
Trifolium  involucratum  Ort.  and  rarely  on  red  clover,  T.  pra- 
tcnsc  L.,  on  the  Oregon  seacoast.  Since  the  preparation  of  this 
article  the  writers  have  made  additional  observations  on  G.  con- 
versana in  the  quite  different  environment  of  the  intermountain 
region. 

In  June,  1930,  the  writers  made  an  effort  to  collect  this 
species  near  Lord  Walsingham's  type  locality,  "Camp  Watson," 
in  what  is  now  Wheeler  County,  Oregon.  A  variety  of  T. 
involucratum  was  found  growing  there  but  this  was  not  infested 
and  no  moths  were  collected.  It  is  possible  that  close  grazing, 
in  the  past,  may  have  eliminated  the  seed  caterpillar  in  this 
locality.  Proceeding  to  Grangeville,  Idaho,  an  attempt  was  then 
made  to  ascertain  if  it  was  this  species  which  was  reported 
(I.e.,  footnote,  p.  62)  to  have  damaged  alsike  clover  in  1929. 

On  the  farm  of  Mr.  Ben  Baker  near  Harpster,  Idaho  County, 
Idaho,  a  few  heads  of  alsike  clover  that  were  infested  with  seed 
caterpillars  were  found  after  a  considerable  search.  Mr.  Baker 
stated  that  these  were  the  same  insects  that  caused  appreciable 
damage  to  his  alsike  clover  seed  crop  in  1929.  However,  after 


xliii,   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  181 

assisting  in  the  search,  he  said  that  they  were  much  scarcer 
than  they  had  been  in  the  previous  year.  The  writers  inquired 
if  he  had  observed  any  native  clover  near  his  fields.  Mr.  Baker 
then  stated  that  there  had  originally  been  some  but  that  it  had 
been  killed  out  by  cultivation.  He  directed  us  to  his  son's  place 
5  miles  southwest  (towards  Grangeville),  where  there  was  con- 
siderable native  clover  in  a  natural  meadow.  Here  were  found 
two  species  of  native  clover,  Trifolium  douglasii  House  and 
T.  plumosum  (?)  Dougl.  The  flower  heads  of  T.  douglasii, 
which  were  of  about  the  size  and  color  of  red  clover  heads, 
were  found  to  be  heavily  infested  with  seed  caterpillars.  None 
of  these  were  found  on  the  white  heads  of  the  hairy  T.  plum- 
osum  ( ?). 

A  large  series  of  moths  of  Grapholitha  conversana  Wlsm. 
(det.  by  Carl  Heinrich)  were  reared  from  the  heads  of  T. 
douglasii  in  the  period  from  April  1  to  April  7,  1931.  These 
averaged  larger  in  size  than  those  previously  reared  from  T. 
involucratum  on  the  Oregon  coast.  Thirteen  specimens  of  the 
same  species  were  reared  also  from  alsike  clover  heads,  which 
had  been  collected  on  Mr.  Baker's  farm  near  Harpster. 

A  few  days  after  leaving  Grangeville,  the  writers  examined 
T.  douglasii  and  T.  plumosum  (?)  in  a  meadow  near  La 
Grande,  Union  County,  Oregon,  but  no  seed  caterpillars  were 
found  here.  In  June,  1931,  the  writers  examined  T.  involu- 
cratum  in  a  wet  meadow  near  Paisley,  Lake  County,  Oregon, 
and  found  that  the  flower  heads  were  well  infested  with  a  seed 
caterpillar  which  is  doubtless  this  species. 

These  records  give  us  a  new  locality,  north-central  Idaho, 
for  Grapholitha  conversana  and  two  new  host-plant  records. 
Trifolium  douglasii  House  and  alsike  clover,  T.  hybridum  L. 
There  is  evidence  of  a  wide  but  discontinuous  distribution  west 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  rearings  from  Idaho  material 
indicate  the  same  one-generation  life  cycle  as  was  earlier  found 
for  the  Oregon  coast  region.  This  seed  caterpillar  already 
shows  a  tendency  to  adapt  itself  to  red  and  alsike  clovers  and 
it  may  become  a  pest,  of  considerable  importance,  especially  to 
growers  of  alsike  clover  seed,  in  some  of  the  clover  seed  dis- 
tricts west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 


182  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '32 

Records  of  Louisiana  Butterflies  (Lepidoptera: 

Rhopalocera). 

By  ROBERT  W.  MONTGOMERY,  Poseyville,  Indiana. 

In  1925  B.  E.  Montgomery  captured  a  number  of  butterflies 
in  the  vicinity  of  Tallulah,  Louisiana.  Tbese  have  been  given 
to  the  writer  and  the  records  are  presented  in  this  paper. 

PAPILIONIDAE. 

1.  PAPILIO  POLYXENES  Fab.     Tallulah,  July  25,  August  16. 

PlERIDAE. 

2.  PIERIS  PROTODICE   Bdv.-Lec.     Tallulah,   June  26;   7  miles 

southeast  of  Tallulah,  July  25. 

3.  CATOPSILIA  EUBULE  L.     Bear  Lake,  Madison  Parish,  July 

18;  seven  miles  southeast  of  Tallulah,  July  25;  Tallulah, 
August  16. 

4.  COLIAS  EURYTHEME  Bdv.     Tallulah,  June  26. 

5.  TERIAS  NICIPPE  Cram.    Tallulah,  July  2,  25.  27;  Bear  Lake, 

Madison  Parish,  July  18. 

6.  TERIAS  LISA  Bdv.-Lec.     Bear  Lake,  Madison  Parish,  July 

18;  Tallulah,  July  25,  August  2,  27;  Roadside,  Madison 
Parish,  July  23. 

NYMPH  ALIDAE. 

7.  DIONE  VANILLAE  Hbn.     Tallulah,  August  5. 

8.  EUPTOIETA  CLAUDIA  Cram.     Tallulah,  July  27,  28,  August 

1. 

9.  PHYCIODES  THAROS   Drury.     Tallulah,  June  26,   July  27, 

August  1,  5;  Bear  Lake,  Madison  Parish,  July  18. 

10.  CYNTHIA   IIUNTERA   Fab.     7  miles  southeast  of   Tallulah, 

July  25. 

11.  BASILARCHIA    ARCHIPPUS    Cram.       Lake    Bruin,    Tensas 

Parish,  July  26,  August  8. 

12.  ANAEA  ANDRIA  Scud.     Madison  Parish,  July  23.     Oviposit- 

ing on  goatweed. 

LlBYTHEIDAE. 

13.  LIP.YTHEA  BACHMANI  Kirl.     Bear  Lake,  Madison  Parish, 

July  18 ;  small  stream  in  woodland,  7  miles  southwest  of 
Tallulah,  August  10. 

LYCAENIDAE. 

14.  STRYMON    CECROPS    Fab.      Woodland,    Tallulah,    June   21, 

July  25. 

15.  EVERES  COMYNTAS  Godt.     Tallulah,  June  26. 


xliii,  '32] 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


183 


Three  New  Species  of  Dolichopodidae  from  North 

America  and  Cuba,  with  Notes  on  Diaphorus 

leucostola  Loew  and  its  Allies  (Diptera). 

By  M.  C.  VAN  DUZEE,  Buffalo,  New  York. 

Condylostylus   nigritibia   new   species. 

6  '.  Length  5  mm.  Face  wide,  narrowed  below,  blue,  more 
green  on  the  sides,  suture  near  its  middle,  lower  part  with  thick- 
white  pollen,  which  extends  more  thinly  to  a  little  above  the 
antennae,  face  very  obtusely  pointed  on  lower  edge;  front  shin- 
ing blue;  palpi  and  proboscis  black;  antennae  black,  bristle's  on 
lower  side  of  second  joint  longer  than  antenna,  third  joint 
nearly  round ;  arista  dorsal,  as  long  as  head  height ;  beard  rather 
short,  white. 


Fig.  1,  Condylostylus  iiifjritibia  new  species,  hypopygium  of  male. 
Fig.  2,  Mcsorhaga  ornatipes  new  species,  fore  tarsus  of  male. 
Fig.  3,  Diaphorus  leucostola  Loew,  antenna  of  male. 

Thorax  green,  dorsum  with  white  pollen  along  the  front  and 
bronze  reflections  on  anterior  half,  blue  on  posterior  part; 
scutellum  blue  with  two  pair  of  large  bristles.  Abdomen  shin- 
ing green  with  black  incisures,  which  cover  more  than  half  of 
the  segments  towards  tip  of  abdomen  and  become  coppery, 
sides  and  venter  of  anterior  half  with  rather  short,  white  hair; 
hypopygium  (fig.  1)  small,  black',  its  outer  appendages  black, 
linger-like,  as  long  as  hypopygium,  with  rather  long  hair  on 
outer  side  and  at  tip. 

Coxae  and  femora  green  ;  anterior  coxae  with  long,  white  hair 
and  two  slender  black  bristles;  tips  of  fore  and  middle  ienvn-a 
yellow,  all  femora  with  white  hair  below,  which  is  as  long  as 
width  of  femora;  fore  and  middle  tibiae  vellow,  former  with 
three  or  four  bristles  on  lower  posterior  edge,  these  are  slender 
and  nearly  as  long  as  second  joint  of  fore  tarsi;  middle  tibiae 
with  extreme  tip  blackened;  hind  tibiae  and  all  tarsi  wholly 
black;  fore  basitarsi  with  three  bristles  bclo\\,  (he  one  at  apical 


184  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '32 

fourth  about  as  long  as  those  on  fore  tibiae,  the  one  at  basal 
fourth  very  short;  second  joint  of  fore  tarsi  with  a  row  of 
spine-like  hairs  below,  which  are  as  long  as  diameter  of  joint 
and  continued  on  next  joint,  where  they  are  much  shorter: 
joints  of  fore  tarsi  as  72-30-22-16-8;  of  middle  ones  as  77-30- 
21-11-7;  of  posterior  pair  as  69-32-19-13-9.  Calypters  and 
their  cilia  black ;  knobs  of  halteres  wholly  yellow,  petiole  black. 

Wings  grayish  with  the  usual  two  blackish  cross-bands  united 
along  the  costa  as  far  back  as  third  vein,  beginning  well  beyond 
tip  of  first  vein  and  extending  to  half  way  between  tips  of 
second  and  third  veins,  basal  band  quite  wide  and  ending 
abruptly  at  fifth  vein,  apical  band  equally  wide  and  ending  a 
little  back  of  fourth  vein,  hyaline  space  between  them  of  the 
same  width  as  the  bands ;  fork  of  fourth  vein  at  a  little  less 
than  a  right  angle  with  basal  part  of  fourth  vein,  upper  bend 
but  little  rounded,  last  part  running  nearly  straight  to  wing 
margin  near  tip  of  third  vein,  which  bends  backward  at  tip ; 
last  section  of  fifth  vein  nearly  straight  and  scarcely  reaches 
wing  margin ;  fourth  vein  from  cross-vein  to  fork  as  54,  from 
fork  to  wing  margin  30;  cross-vein  as  38,  last  section  of  fifth 
vein  31. 

$  :  Differs  from  male  in  having  fore  coxae,  all  femora  and 
tibiae  yellow,  knees  of  hind  legs  black;  apical  fourth  of  hind 
tibiae  black,  shading  into  the  yellow  above ;  white  hair  on  fore 
coxae  short ;  bristles  on  second  joint  of  antennae  not  longer 
than  antenna ;  fore  tarsi  yellowish  on  basal  half,  bristles  on 
first  joint  shorter ;  fore  tibiae  with  very  short  bristles ;  femora 
with  very  short  pale  hair  below ;  abdomen  blue  posteriorly  or 
wholly  green,  shining,  with  scarcely  any  white  hair  at  base 
below;  color  of  head  and  thorax  and  the  wing  characters  as 
in  the  male. 

Described  from  three  male  and  two  females,  taken  by  S.  C. 
Bruner,  at  Santiago  de  los  Vegas,  CUBA.  Type  in  the  author's 
collection. 

This  species  is  related  to  similis  Aldrich,  from  Mexico,  but 
differs  in  having  the  hind  tibiae  wholly  black. 

Mr.  Bruner  reports  this  species  as  abundant  everywhere 
around  Santiago. 

Mesorhaga  ornatipes  new  species. 

c?  :  Length  3  mm.  Face  green,  but  wholly  opaque  with  white 
pollen  when  viewed  obliquely;  front  shining  green,  with  one 


xliii,   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  185 

black  bristle  at  outer  third  near  middle  and  four  white  bristle- 
like  hairs  on  each  side  near  vertex,  oceller  tubercule  with  a 
pair  of  black,  rather  short,  straight  bristle's  and  several  delicate 
white  hairs;  palpi  and  proboscis  yellow  with  white  hair;  anten- 
nae black,  bristles  on  second  joint  while,  about  as  long  as  third 
joint;  third  joint  round,  brownish,  arista  dorsal,  nearly  bare, 
black;  orbital  cilia  and  rather  scanty  beard  white. 

Thorax  and  scutellum  shining  green,  pleurae  with  a  little 
white  pollen;  bristles  of  thorax  black,  acrostichal  bristles  rather 
long,  in  two  irregular  rows;  five  dorsocentral  bristles;  abdomen 
green  with  bronze  and  reddish  coppery  reflections,  dorsum  with 
minute  white  hairs;  sides  of  first  segment  with  long  white  hair; 
hypopygium  and  its  appendages  black,  outer  lamellae  not  very 
wide,  but  nearly  as  long  as  hypopygium,  a  little  enlarged  at 
base. 

Coxae  black  or  greenish  with  white  hair,  fore  coxae  yellow 
at  tip ;  all  femora  and  tibiae  pale  yellow  with  their  hairs  partly 
black;  extreme  tip  of  hind  tibiae  black;  all  femora  with  long 
white  hair  below,  those  on  middle  femora  in  two  rows,  the  pos- 
terior row  short,  anterior  row  with  some  of  the  hairs  longer 
than  width  of  femora  ;  middle  tibiae  with  a  very  small  bristle 
above  near  basal  third :  all  tarsi  blackened  from  tip  of  first 
joint;  fore  tarsi  (fig.  2)  with  bristles  below  on  second  joint, 
third  joint  shorter  than  fourth  with  little  spines  below;  hind 
tarsi  with  last  two  joints  a  little  widened  and  flattened ;  length 
of  fore  tibiae  as  57,  joints  of  fore  tarsi  as  36-17-8-12-5  :  middle 
pair  as  49-18-11-9-6;  joints  of  posterior  pair  as  33-28-16-10-6; 
last  two  joints  as  4  wide.  Calypters  white  with  black  edge  and 
lonLr  white  cilia;  knobs  of  halteres  yellow. 

Wings  nearly  hyaline;  last  section  of  fourth  vein  not  as 
abruptly  bent  as  in  some  species,  the  bend  rounded  :  fourth  vein 
from  cross-vein  to  bend  as  23,  from  bend  to  tip  62,  cross-vein 
23.  last  section  of  fifth  vein  29:  third  vein  nearly  straight;  fifth 
vein  straight  with  an  angle  at  cross-vein,  its  last  section  straight 
but  running  downward  to  hind  margin  of  wing. 

Described  from  two  males,  taken  by  S.  C.  Bruner  and  V.  L. 

ucle,  Tune  6,  1930.  at  Marian-  St^tirm,  E.  E.  A.  de  Clara 
Crr.A.     Holntypn  in  the  arTnm-'s  collection. 

This  is  much  like  juaniffa  P>eck?r,  Paraguay  but  in  that  the 
hind  tnrsi  are  as  thick-  as  tibiae,  with  last  two  joints  widened  ; 
fore  coxae  black  only  at  base.  The  C,poripia  female  he  places 
with  the  pair  from  Paraguay  is  more  likely  to  be  thi.  j-pecies,  the 
females  of  the  two  species  must  be  very  nearly  alike. 


186  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [  fitly,    '32 

DIAPHORUS  LEUCOSTOLA  Loew  and  allied  species. 
Among  the  North  American  Diapliorus  there  is  a  group  hav- 
ing the  third  antennal  joint  more  or  less  like  that  of  Icucostola 
Loew  (fig.  3),  that  is  with  a  point  projecting  from  the  upper 
apical  corner,  the  front  wide,  nearly  as  wide  as  the  face,  color 
of  body  and  size  about  alike  in  all.  These  are  separated  by  the 
color  of  the  legs  and  feet,  size  of  pulvilli  and  bristles  at  tip  of 
abdomen,  and  length  and  color  of  palpi.  The  seven  forms 
may  be  separated  by  the  following  key : 

1  Second  antennal  joint  cutting  into  third  on  its  upper  part, 

that   is  the  lower  basal   corner  of   third   joint   extending 

more  or  less  basally  beyond  apical  end  of  second  joint.  .3 

Second  antennal  joint  not  cutting  into  base  of  third  at  all.  .2 

2  Hind  tibiae  wholly  black,  (Idaho;  Nevada;  Colorado), 

aldrichi  Van  Duzee 

(Montana)    albifacies  Parent. 

Hind  tibiae  largely  yellow.   (Pennsylvania), 

similis  Van  Duzee. 

3  Hind  tibiae  yellowish  brown ;  second  antennal  joint  cutting 

into  third  but  little,  about  as  long  as  wide,  (California), 

occidcntalis  V.  D. 

Hind  tibiae  brownish  black;  second  antennal  joint  cutting 
half,  or  more  than  half  its  length  into  third,  longer  than 
wide,  (Ontario)  quadratus  Van  Duzee. 

Hind  tibiae  yellow,  sometimes  with  a  black  tip ;  second  an- 
tennal joint  cutting  deeply  into  base  of  third 4 

4  Dorsum  of  thorax  with  a  median  coppery  vitta,  (Virginia), 

vittatus  Van  Duzee 
Thorax  without  a  vitta,   (leucostoma  Loew) 5 

5  Hind  tibiae  wholly  yellow,  hind  tarsi  yellow  at  base.    (North 

America ;  Guatemala) leucostoma  Loew. 

Hind  tibiae  blackish  brown  at  tip,  hind  tarsi  wholly  black, 
(North  America), 

leucostoma  variety  infuscatus  Van  Duzee 

I    find   no   difference   between   albifacies   Parent,    1929.   and 
aldrichi  Van  Duzee,  1915. 

Argyra  (Leucostola)  basalis  new  species. 

$  :  Length  5  mm.  Face  narrow,  face  and  front  wholly 
silvery  white  pollinose;  palpi  nearly  round,  yellow;  probos- 
cis black ;  antennae  black,  first  joint  bare  above,  third  joint, 
scarcely  twice  as  long  as  first  two  taken  together,  its  tip 
rounded ;  arista  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  antenna,  in- 


xliii,   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  187 

serted  just  above  the  tip  of  third  antennal  joint;  posterior 
orbits  with  a  few  black  cilia  above  and  delicate  white  cilia 
on  lower  third. 

Dorsum  of  thorax  bright  shining  green  with  thin  white 
pollen  along  the  front,  and  thick  silvery  white  pollen  on 
the  side  in  front  of  the  wings;  pleura  black  with  rather  thin 
white  pollen,  its  posterior  edge  infuscated:  scutellnm  with 
one  pair  of  rather  small  marginal  bristles.  First  three  abdo- 
minal segments  yellow  with  only  the  extreme  apical  mar- 
gins a  little  blackish,  fourth  segment  dark  yellow  with  basal 
half  blackish,  last  two  segments  black  ;  last  three  segments 
thickly  covered  with  silvery  white  pollen  ;  hairs  of  abdo- 
men black.  Hypopygium  black  with  yellow  appendages, 
which  are  formed  about  as  in  involuta  Van  Du/ee  (Tig.  31, 
pi.  i.  Proceedings  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Vol.  66, 
Article  23),  except  that  the  outer  lamellae  are  more  tri- 
angular. 

Coxae,  femora,  tibiae  and  fore  and  middle  tarsi  wholly 
pale  yellow,  except  the  tarsi  which  are  slightly  brownish 
towards  tip,  hind  tarsi  brown  ;  anterior  surface  of  fore  tarsi 
with  a  few  delicate,  yellowish  white  hairs  and- two  large 
and  three  small  black  bristles,  one  of  the  large  bristles  is 
near  the  middle  of  outer  edge,  all  other  bristles  are  near 
tip  ;  fore  and  hind  femora  with  delicate  yellow  hairs  below, 
those  on  anterior  pair  nearly  as  long  as  width  of  femora, 
those  on  posterior  pair  shorter;  joints  of  hind  tarsi  as 
37-37-25-17-9.  Calypters  yellow  with  the  tip  broadly  black, 
their  cilia  yellow;  halteres  pale  yellow. 

Wings  grayish;  third  vein  bent  backward  towards  tip; 
last  section  of  fourth  vein  only  slightly  bent  before  its 
middle,  nearly  parallel  with  third  vein,  its  tip  just  back  of 
the  apex  of  wing:  last  section  of  fifth  vein  as  55,  cross-vein 
as  19. 

Described  from  one  male  taken  by  the  author,  June  24, 
1923,  at  Little  Valley,  NEW  YORK.     Holotype  in  the  author's, 
collection. 

This  would  run  in  the  table  of  species  of  Lcucnstola  in  the 
Proceedings  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum, "Vol.  66,  Article 
23,  page  6,  to  flarico.ra  Van  Du/ee,  hut  in  thai  spe<  irs  the  hind 
tibiae  are  brownish  \elln\\,  niil\  the  exlieine  base  being  yellow, 
fore  coxae  with  one  or  two  blackish  bristles,  thr  h\  p' >pygia1 
appendages  are  of  very  different  form  and  the  abdomen  also  of 
different  color. 


188  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u.    '32 


Paraherminia  —  New  Genus  for  the  European 
"Herminia"  derivalis  Hbn.  (Lepid.  :  Noctuidae). 

A.  GLENN  RICHARDS,  JR.,  Entomology  Dept,  Cornell  Univ., 

Ithaca,  New  York. 

The  following  generic  name  is  proposed  at  this  time  because 
I  would  like  to  refer  to  it  in  another  paper  where  it  would  be 
inconvenient  to  describe  it.  The  genotype  of  Herminia  La- 
treille  is  tcntacularia  Linnaeus,  a  form  which  is  closely  related 
to,  but  not  congeneric  with,  derivalis  Hiibner. 

Paraherminia  gen.  nov. 

Frons  smooth  with  a  slight  tuft.  Palpi  oblique;  second  seg- 
ment long  and  straight,  third  short  and  pointed.  Antennae  of 
male  ciliated  and  bristled,  without  a  knot-like  swelling.  Fore- 
tibia  of  male  unmodified.  Body,  wings  and  tibia  smoothly 
scaled.  Tympanic  hood  greatly  reduced,  almost  membranous, 
and  slightly  postspiracular. 

Genotype:  N.  derivalis  Hiibner. 

Differs  from  Herminia  in  that  the  antennae  lack  the  knot- 
like  swelling,  and  that  the  hood  is  slightly  postspiracular  in- 
stead of  prespiracular.  Probably  the  most  striking  differences 
are  in  the  accessory  tympanal  structures,  especially  the  hood. 
These  will  be  treated  in  detail  in  a  subsequent  paper.  Derivalis 
Hbn.  is  a  peculiar  species,  and  seems  to  represent  a  connecting 
link  between  the  Hypeninae  and  the  Herminiinae. 


Incubation  of  Bark  Bug  Eggs.   (Hemiptera:  Aradidae.) 

In  1926  it  was  observed  that  several  hundred  Flat  bugs  or 
Bark  bugs,  of  the  species  Nenroctcnus  pscudonywius,  were  feed- 
ing upon  the  juices  of  decay  under  the  bark  of  a  dead  oak  tree 
in  a  woods  east  of  Lake  Dallas  Dam,  Lake  Dallas,  Texas. 
Eggs,  nymphs  of  all  instars  and  adults  were  present. 

The  eggs  were  laid  in  triangular  masses  of  from  ten  to  fifty, 
side  by  side  and  end  to  end  shingle-like,  within  the  channels 
cut  in  the  wood  and  bark  by  wood-boring  insects.  They  were 
1  mm.  long,  white,  elliptical,  and  flattened  as  the  bugs,  and 
did  not  change  color  nor  shape  during  the  incubation  period. 

It  was  noted  that  after  the  female  had  laid  the  eggs  and 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NKU'S  189 

departed,  another  adult  ( the  sex  was  not  determined,  probably 
the  male)  crawled  astride  the  group  and  remained  there  im- 
mobile until  they  hatched.  The  incubation  of  the  eggs  ob- 
served extended  over  a  period  of  at  least  two  weeks. 

Pieces  of  bark  bearing  the  insects  and  eggs  were  removed 
and  placed  with  the  inner  sides  out  in  a  well-lighted  room.  All 
the  insects,  but  that  astride  the  eggs,  migrated  to  the  darkened 
side. 

Upon  hatching,  the  little  nymphs,  of  the  size  and  color  of 
the  eggs,  climbed  on  top  of  the  empty  and  collapsed  egg  shells 
and  remained  under  the  guardian  for  two  days.  Then  the  adult 
left  the  colony  which  then  broke  up. 

There  were  two  distinct  forms  of  adults  present.  Both  were 
about  eight  millimeters  long.  One  type  was  black  except  for 
the  iridescence  of  the  wing  membranes.  The  other  form  was 
a  yellow-brown  or  tan  with  the  connexiva  a  dark  brown.  It 
was  the  darker  form  that  brooded  the  eggs. 

H.  ELLIOTT  McCLURE,  Urbana,  Illinois. 


Four  New  Dragonfly  Records  for  the  United  States. 

(Odonata.) 

In  cataloging  recent  accessions  to  the  Odonata  collection  in 
the  Insect  Division  of  the  Museum  of  Zoology,  University  of 
Michigan,  I  found  specimens  representing  the  following  four 
species  which  have  not  been  recorded  for  the  United  States. 

ARGIA  BARRETTI  Calvert.  Llano  River,  Junction,  Kimble  Co., 
Texas :  1  $  ,  November  5,  1929,  E.  B.  Williamson.  The  type 
male  collected  at  Linares  in  Nuevo  Leon,  Mexico  (Coll.  P.  P. 
Calvert)  was  the  only  one  known  until  Mr.  Williamson  took 
the  species  in  Texas.  Dr.  Calvert  has  compared  the  two  speci- 
mens and  confirms  the  identification  of  the  Texas  male. 

ARGIA  OENEA  Hagen.  Nogales,  Arizona  ( 16  mi.  n.w.,  on  the 
Quebrada  Sonoita  in  Santa  Cruz  Co.)  :  1  $  ,  September  23, 
1923,  J.  H.  Williamson.  Santa  Catalina  Mountains.  Canada 
del  Oro,  Pima  Co.,  Arizona:  1  $  ,  August  4,  1930,  L.  K.  Gloyd. 
The  northernmost  Mexican  locality  from  which  the  species  has 
been  reported  is  near  Santa  Ana  in  Chihuahua. 

AESHNA  DUGESI  Calvert.  Davis  Mountains,  Limpia  Canon 
(Granger's  Ranch),  Jeff  Davis  Co.,  Texas:  9$  19,  July  5, 
1930;  4s  19,  June  25,  1931,  L.  K.  Gloyd.  This  species  is 
recorded  by  Dr.  Calvert  in  the  Biologia  Centrali-Americana  (p. 
185)  from' "Mexico  [Id],  Guanajuato  [Dr.  A.  Duges :  \S] 


190  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u,    '32 


(U.S.N.M.)."  There  is  also  one  male  collected  by  Mr.  J.  H. 
Williamson  at  Los  Parres,  Baja  California,  on  October  7,  1923, 
in  the  collection  of  the  Museum  of  Zoology.  These  sixteen 
males  and  two  females  are  the  only  known  specimens. 

WILLIAMSONIA  FLETCHERI  Williamson.  Manistique,  Michi- 
gan :  1  $  ,  June  5,  1929,  W.  W.  Newcomb.  All  previous  rec- 
ords have  been  for  Ontario,  Canada. 

LEONORA  K.  GLOYD,  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor, 
Michigan. 


Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   LAURA   S.    MACKEY   UNDER   THE   SUPERVISION   OF 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining-  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

StJjTNote  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Papers  published   i<n   the  Entomological  Neu's  are   not   listed. 

GENERAL.— Bethune,  C.  J.  S.— Obituary  notice.  [4] 
64:  97-98,  ill.  Debauche,  H. — Methode  rapide  de  prepara- 
tion des  genitalia.  [Lambillionea]  1932:  99-101.  Faggioli, 
D. — Nuovo  apparecchio  per  soffiare  le  piccole  larve  di  in- 
setti.  [Bol.  Lab.  Ent.  Bologna]  4:  18.  Heikertinger,  F.— 
(See  under  Coleoptera).  Pearse,  A.  S. — Environment  and 
heredity.  [76]  1932:  541-544.  Sherman,  J.  D.— The  "First 
Series  A  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society  Volumes  I-VII :  1878-1885.  [19]  27:  102-106.  Till- 
yard,  R.  J. — Origin  of  insects  from  Crustacea.  [31]  129: 
828-829,  ill. 


xliii,   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  191 

ANATOMY,    PHYSIOLOGY,    ETC.— Andresen,    E.- 

Veranderungen  cles  kaninchenauges  unter  cler  giftwirkung 
der  kafer  Epicauta  und  Mylabris.  [Zeit.  Parasit.]  4:  387- 
394.  Bonet,  F. — Sobre  la  estructura  del  mesenteron  y  sus 
apendices  tuhuliformes  en  los  fasmidos.  [Eos]  8:  93-114, 
ill.  Bridges,  C.  B. — Apparatus  and  methods  for  Drosophila 
culture.  [90]  66:  250-273,  ill.  Craig,  C.  F.— The  possible 
chemotactic  effect  of  the  salivary  secretions  of  certain  in- 
sects upon  microfilariae.  [68]  75:  561-562.  Gabler,  H.— 
Regenerationsvorgange  an  Heteropterenfiihlern.  [34]  98: 
275-280,  ill.  Grandi,  G. — Contributi  alia  conoscenza  biolog- 
ica  e  morfologica  degli  Imenotteri  melliferi  e  predatori. 
[Bol.  Lab.  Ent.,  Bologna]  4:  19-72,  ill.  Grandi,  G.— La 
morfologia  comparata  di  alcuni  stati  larvali  di  20  Micro- 
lepidotteri  minatori.  [Bol.  Lab.  Ent.  Bologna]  4:  223-338, 
ill.  Henriksen,  K.  L. — The  manner  of  moulting  in  Arthrop- 
oda.  [51]  11:  103-127,  ill.  Hirschler,  M.  J.— Sur  certains 
composants  plasmatiques  membraneux  et  granulaires  dans 
les  cellules  sexuelles  males  chez  les  Lepidopteres.  [69]  1682- 
1684,  ill.  Hughes,  A.  W.  M. — Induced  melanism  in  Lepido- 
ptera.  [Pro.  R.  Soc.,  London]  110,  (B)  :  378-402,  ill.  Larsen, 
O. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  des  pterygopolymorphismus  bei 
den  wasserhemipteren.  [Acta  Univ.  Lund]  27,  (1)  :  No.  8,  30 
pp.,  ill.  Malouf,  N.  S.  R. — The  morphology  of  the  head  of 
a  "White  Grub".  [Bull.  Soc.  R.  Ent.  Egypte]  1932:  66-87, 
ill.  Maziarski,  M.  S. — Sur  le  tissu  musculaire  des  insectes. 
IV.  Les  elements  contractiles  dans  les  couches  musculaires 
de  1'intestin  moyen  des  Coleopteres.  [Bull.  Int.  Acad.  Pol- 
onaise Sci.  et  Lett.]  1931:  425-445,  ill.  Roberts,  E.  F.- 
The  clinical  application  of  blow-fly  larvae.  [76]  1932:  531- 
536.  Strebel,  O. — Beitrage  zur  biologic,  okologie  und 
physiologic  einheimischer  collembolen.  [46]  25:  31-153,  ill. 
Werringloer,  A. — Die  sehorgane  und  sehzentren  der  Dory- 
linen  nebst  untersuchungen  iiber  die  facettenaugen  der 
Formiciden.  [94]  141  :  432-524.  ill.  Zacwilichowski,  M.  J. 
— Ueber  die  innervierung  und  die  sinnesorgane  der  fliigel 
von  insekten.  II.  Teil.  [Bull.  Int.  Acad.  Polonaise  Sci.  et 
Lett.]  1931 :  391-424.  ill.  Zarapkin  &  Timofeeff-Ressovsky. 
-Einige  gesetzmassigkeiten  in  der  variabilitat  der  flecken- 
form  bei  Epilachna  chrysomelina  (Coccinellidae).  [88]  20: 
384-387,  ill.  Eine  graphische  darstellungsmethode  der  ab- 
hangigkeit  zwischen  der  variabilitat  zweier  grossen.  [97] 
52:  138-147,  ill. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July>    '32 

ARACHNIDA  AND   MYRIOPODA.— *Brolemann,   H. 

W.— Description  d'un  Myriapode  nouveau  de  la  Guyane 
franchise.  [25]  37:  119-121,  ill.  Hilton,  W.  A.— Tartarid 
whip-scorpions  of  Southern  California.  [13]  24:  33-40,  ill. 
Verhoeff,  K.  W.— Bronns  Klas.  Orcln.  Tier-reichs.  Bd.  5, 
(Lief.  12),  pp.  1835-1962.  Diplopoda,  in  part. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— *Light,  S. 
F. — Contribution  toward  a  revision  of  the  American  species 
of  Amitermes.  [67]  5:  355-414,  ill.  *McGregor,  E.  A.- 
The  ubiquitous  mite,  a  new  species  on  citrus.  [10]  34:  60- 
64,  ill.  *Mills,  H.  B.— Catalogue  of  the  Protura.  [19]  27: 
125-130.  *Navas,  R.  P.  L. — Decadas  de  insectos  nuevos. 
[Broteria]  1:  62-73,  ill.  (S).  Stanford,  J.  S.— Mallophaga 
from  Utah  birds  and  mammals.  [4]  64:  112-113.  William- 
son, E.  B. — Dragonflies  collected  in  Missouri.  [Occas.  Pap. 
Mus.  Zool.]  240:  40pp. 

ORTHOPTERA.— *Borelli,  A.— Dermapteres  nouveaux 
du  Museum  zoologique  de  Hamburg.  (S).  [56]  11:  87-97, 
ill.  da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Notas  sobra  Phasmida.  (S).  [Rev. 
Ent.,  Sao  Paulo]  2:  257-261,  ill.  Criddle,  N.— The  life-his- 
tory of  Schistocerca  lineata.  [4]  64:  98-102,  ill.  *Hubbell, 
T.  H. — A  revision  of  the  puer-group  of  the  North  American 
genus  Melanoplus,  with  remarks  on  the  taxonomic  value  of 
the  concealed  male  genitalia  in  the  Cyrtacanthacrinae 
(Acrididae).  [Univ.  Michigan  Mus.  Zool. ]" Misc.  Publ.  23: 
64  pp.,  ill.  *Moreira,  C. — Dermapteros  da  collecc,ao  do 
Museu  Paulista.  [Rev.  Ent.  Sao  Paulo]  2:  277-289,  ill.  (S). 

HEMIPTERA. — Autuori,  M. — Contribuic,ao  para  o  estu- 
do  biologico  de  Eutriatoma  flavidae.  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo] 
2:  269-275,  ill.  Barber,  H.  G. — Two  Palearctic  Hemiptera 
in  the  Nearctic  fauna  (Pentatomidae:  Nabidae).  [10]  34: 
65-66,  ill.  da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Dois  homopteros  brasileiros 
pouco  conhecidos.  [Bol.  Biol.,  Rio  de  Janeiro]  1932:  36-40, 
ill.  *Drake  &  Harris. — A  synopsis  of  the  genus  Metrobates 
(Gerridae).  [3]  21 :  83-88,  ill.  *Drake  &  Harris.— A  survey 
of  the  species  of  Trepobates  (Gerridae).  [19]  27:  113-122. 
ill.  Gillett,  J.  D. — Climbing  organ  on  a  reduviid  bug.  [9] 
65 :  123.  *Hempel,  A. — Descripqao  de  vinte  e  duas  especies 
novas  de  Coccideos.  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo]  2:  310-339.  (S). 
*Jaczewski,  T. — Studies  on  Mexican  Corixidae.  [An.  Mus. 
Zool.  Polonici]  9:  187-230,  ill.  Rivnay,  E.— The  influence 
of  relative  humidity  upon  the  rate  of  development  of  the 
bed  bug  C.  lectularius.  [Bull.  Soc.  R.  Ent.  Egypte]  1932: 
13-16.  *Schmidt,  E. — Zwei  neue  Cicadellinen-gattungen 
und  arten  von  Ecuador.  [48]  49:  45-50,  ill. 


xliii.    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  193 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bischoff,  '  H.— Ueber  einen  bisher 
unbeachteten  sexualchnrakter  der  Parnassier.  [Parnas- 
siana]  2:  16-19,  ill.  Comstock  &  Dammers. — Early  stages 
of  Melitaea  leanira  wrightii  and  Calephelis  nemesis.  [38| 
31  :  9-15,  ill.  Crumb,  S.  E. — The  more  important  climbing- 
cutworms.  [19J  37:  73-98,- ill.  *Forbes,  W.  T.  M.— Supple- 
mentary report  on  the  Heterocera  or  moths  of  Porto  Rico. 
[Jour.  Dept.  Agric.  Porto  Rico]  15:  339-394,  ill.  Gaede,  M. 
-Lepidopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  52.  Aganaidae.  39  pp. 
Griffin,  E.  J. — A  note  on  Haworth's  "Lepidoptera  Britan- 
nica"  etc.,  1803-1828.  [75]  9:  531-532.  Hewer,  H.  R.- 
Studies  in  Zygaena.  Part  I  (A)  The  female  genitalia ;  (B) 
the  male  genitalia.  [93]  1932:  33-75,  ill.  *J6rgensen,  P.- 
Lepidopterologisches  aus  Sudamerika.  [63]  1932:  37-48, 
cont.  Learned,  E.  T. — Eriopyga  contrahens  in  Red  Pepper. 
[19]  27:  112.  *McDunnough,  J. — Notes  on  Agrotid  genera 
with  descriptions  of  new  species.  [4]  64:  104-112,  ill.  *Nie- 
pelt,  W. — Eine  neue  Castnia-rasse.  (S).  [18]  26:  65,  ill. 
Sperry,  G.  H.  &  J.  L. — Notes  on  the  larva  of  Melitaea  pola. 
[38]  31  :  8.  Stichel,  H. — Lepidopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars 
51.  Brassolidae.  115pp.  Wille,  J. — Margaronia  quadristig- 
malis  (Pyralid.),  ein  grossschadling  des  olivenbaumes. 
[Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo]  2:  339-369,  ill. 

DIPTERA.— *Barnes,  H.  F.— Notes  on  Cecidomyidae. 
(S).  [75]  9:  475-484.  *Borgmeier,  T.— Revisao  do  genero 
ecitophilo  Xanionotum,  com  a  descripc.ao  de  duas  especies 
novas  (Phoridae).  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo]  2:  369-380,  ill. 
(S).  Bradley,  G.  H. — Some  factors  associated  with  the 
breeding  of  Anopheles  mosquitoes.  [47]  44:  381-399,  ill. 
*da  Costa  Lima,  A. — Sobre  os  phlebotomos  americanos 
(Psychodidae).  [Mem.  Inst.  Oswaldo  Cruz]  26:  15-70,  ill. 
Curran,  C.  H. — New  North  American  Diptera,  with  notes 
on  others.  [40]  526:  13pp.,  ill.  *Curran,  C.  H.— New 
American  Diptera.  [40]  No.  534:  15pp.  *Dickinson  & 
Alexander. — The  crane-flies  of  Wisconsin  with  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  new  species.  [Bull.  Pub.  Mus.,  Milwaukee]  8:  142- 
266,  ill.  Fischer,  C.  R. — Nota  taxonomica  e  biologica  sobre 
Anastrepha  gramlis  (Trypetidae).  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo] 
2:  302-310,  ill.  *Hall,  D.  G.— Canadian  Sarcophagidae.  [4] 
64:  102-103,  ill.  Hendel,  F.— Nochmals  Meigens  "Nouvelle 
Classification  des  mouches  a  deux  ailes",  Paris  1800.  [34] 
98:  182-187.  *Hendel,  F. — Kritische  tincl  synonymische 
bemerkungen  fiber  Dipteren.  [Verb.  Zool.-Bot.  Gesel., 
AYien]  81:  4-19.  *Hendel,  F.— Die  ausbeute  der  deutschen 


194  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [July,    '32 

Chaco-Expedition  1925-26. -Diptera.  Sciomyziclae,  Lauxanii- 
dae,  Tanypezidae,  Lonchaeidae,  Tylidae,  Drosophilidae, 
Milichiidae.  [56]  11:  98-110,  cont.  *Krober,  O.— Die  Ta- 
baniden-subfamilie  Bellardiinae  der  neotropischen  region. 
[Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo]  2:  289-302,  ill.  *Macfie,  J.  W.  S.- 
Some  new  or  little-known  Ceratopogonidae.  (S).  [75]  9: 
485-499,  ill.  Malloch,  J.  R. — Notes  on  exotic  Diptera. 
[Stylops]  1:  112-120,  ill.  *Martini,  E.— Chagasia  fajardoi 
var.  stigmopteryx,  nov.  var.  (Culicidae).  (S).  [Rev.  Ent., 
Sao  Paulo]  2:  276-277. 

COLEOPTERA. — Bequaert,  J. — Paederus  signaticornis, 
the  cause  of  vesicular  dermatitis  in  Guatemala  (Staphylin- 
idae)  [19]  27:  107-112.  *Bierig,  A. — A  new  species  of 
Polyphemus  from  Brazil  (Staphylinidae).  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao 
Paulo]  261-264,  ill.  *de  Breuning,  M.  E. — Cinq  nouvelles 
formes  de  Carabini.  (S).  [Bull.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Nat.,  Paris] 
3:  620-623.  Davis,  W.  T. — A  coccinellid  beetle  new  to  the 
fauna  of  New  York  State.  [19]  27:  101.  Heikertinger,  F.- 
Die  Coccinelliden,  ihr  "Ekelblut",  ihre  warntracht  und  ihre 
feinde.  [97]  52:  65-102,  ill.  *Hustache,  M.  A.— Nouveaux 
Zygopini  de  la  Guyane  Franchise.  [Bui.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 
Nat.,  Paris]  3:  608-610.  *Musgrave,  P.  N.— Notes  on  Hel- 
midae  taken  in  the  Tennessee  Great  Smoky  Mountains, 
with  description  of  a  new  species.  [10]  34:  78-81,  ill.  Pic, 
M. — A  propos  de  Longicornes.  [L'Exchange]  Hors-texte 
No.  448:  4pp.  *Thery,  M.  A. — Deux  Conognatha  nouv- 
eaux  de  Colombie  (Buprestidae).  [Bull.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 
Nat.,  Paris]  4:  171-173,  ill.  *Valentine,  J.  M.— A  classifi- 
cation of  the  genus  Pseudanophthalmus  (Carabidae)  with 
descriptions  of  new  species  and  notes  on  distribution.  [Jour. 
E.  Mitchell  Sci.  Soc.]  47:  261-280,  ill. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Balduf,    W.    V.— Revision    of    the 

chalcid  flies  of  the  tribe  Decatomini  (Eurvtomidae)  in 
America  north  of  Mexico.  [50]  79,  Art.  28:  95  pp.,  ill.  Be- 
quaert, J. — A  tentative  synopsis  of  the  hornets  and  yellow- 
jackets  (Vespinae)  of  America.  [70]  12:  71-138,  ill.'  Betz, 
B.  J. — The  population  of  a  nest  of  the  hornet  Vespa  macu- 
lata.  [73]  7:  197-209,  ill.  Chagnon,  G.— A  hymenopteron  of 
Aquatic  habits.  |4|  64:  112.  Clausen,  C.  P.— The  early 
stages  of  some  Tryphonine  Hymenoptera  parasitic  on  saw- 
fly  larvae.  [10]  34:  49-60,  ill.  *Crawford,  J.  C.— New  North 
American  bees.  [10]  34:  69-78.  Eidmann,  H.— Beitrage 
zur  kenntnis  der  biologic,  insbesondere  des  nestbaues  der 


xliii,  '32]  EXToMoi.ocu  AT.   XEWS  195 

blattschneideramei.se.  Atta  sexdens.  [46]  25:  154-183,  ill. 
Goetsch,  W. — Beitrage  zur  biologic  siidamerikanischer 
ameisen.  [46]  25:  1-30,  ill.  Leveque,  N. — Some  problems 
in  the  evolution  and  taxonomy  of  carpenter  bees  (Xylocop- 
idae),  correlated  with  a  study  of  their  symbiotic  mites.  [8] 
68:  109-112.  *Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W.— Two  new  species  of 
I'hanomeris  (Braconidae)  parasitic  on  leaf-mining  sawflies. 
[10]  34:  81-83.  Noble,  N.  S.— Studies  of  Habrocytus  cerea- 
lellae,  a  Pteromalid  parasite  of  the  Angoumois  grain  moth, 
Sitotroga  cerealella.  [67]  5:  311-354,  ill.  *Ogloblin,  A.  A. 
— Himenopteros  nuevos  o  poco  conocidos  de  Guavra  (Dry- 
inidae).  [Rev.  Ent.,  Sao  Paulo]  2:  264-269,  ill.  Vance,  A. 
M. — The  biology  and  morphology  of  the  braconid  Chelonus 
annulipes,  a  parasite  of  the  European  corn  borer.  [U.  S. 
Dept.  Agric.]  Tech.  Bull.  294:  48pp.,  ill. 


Doings  of  Societies 

Entomology  at  the  Fourth  Congress  of  the  International 
Society   of   Sugar   Cane   Technologists   in   Porto   Rico. 

The  fourth  Congress  of  the  International  Society  of  Sugar 
Cane  Technologists  was  held  in  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico,  March 
1  to  16,  1932.  The  Section  on  Insect  Pests  of  Sugar  Cane  was 
well  attended.  Among  those  present  were  the  Chairman,  C.  E. 
Pemberton,  Hawaiian  Sugar  Planters'  Experiment  Station ; 
J.  G.  Myers,  Imperial  Institute  of  Entomology,  Trinidad, 
B.W.I.;  H.  E.  Box  of  Antigua,  B.W.I.;  and  from  Porto  Rico: 
M.  D.  Leonard,  G.  N.  Wolcott  and  F.  Sein  of  the  Insular 
Experiment  Station  ;  Julio  Garcia  Diaz  and  Rachel  R.  Dexter 
of  the  University  of  Porto  Rico;  Stuart  T.  Danforth  of  the 
College  of  Agriculture  at  Mayaguez ;  Wm.  A.  Hoffman  of  the 
School  of  Tropical  Medicine ;  L.  A.  Catoni  of  the  Insular  Plant 
Quarantine  Service;  Richard  Faxon  and  A.  S.  Mills  of  the 
U.  S.  Plant  Quarantine  and  Control  Administration  and  several 
visitors. 

Twenty  papers  on  various  phases  of  sugar  cane  entomology 
from  Java,  Hawaii,  Philippines,  Louisiana,  Cuba,  Porto  Rico, 
Antigua,  Barbados  and  Peru  were  presented  at  four  separate 
sessions.  One  session  was  almost  entirely  devoted  to  a  discus- 
sion of  the  moth  borer,  Diatraca  saccharalis  Fab.,  giving  special 


196  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  u.    '32 


emphasis  to  factors  affecting  its  abundance  and  to  methods  of 
measuring  the  degree  of  infestation.  A  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  attempt  to  standardize  the  latter.  Another  session 
was  given  to  the  general  subject  of  biological  control  of  sugar 
cane  insects  and  to  the  preparation  of  a  list  of  the  sugar  cane 
insects  of  the  world  and  their  natural  enemies.  A  committee 
was  appointed  for  the  fulfillment  of  this  project.  Of  particular 
interest  was  a  paper  on  the  food  habits  of  an  imported  toad, 
Bufo  marinas  L.,  in  Porto  Rican  cane  fields.  At  the  third  ses- 
sion three  important  papers  were  read  on  the  utilization  of  the 
egg-parasite,  Tricho  gramma  minntum  Riley,  by  means  of  mass 
production  for  the  control  of  the  sugar  cane  moth  borers.  An 
illuminating  inquiry  into  the  merits  of  this  method  followed. 
The  final  session  was  held  jointly  with  the  Section  on  Dis- 
eases of  Sugar  Cane.  This  included  a  discussion  of  the  rela- 
tion of  insects  to  certain  sugar  cane  diseases,  chiefly  mosaic  and 
root  troubles.  At  this  session  was  presented  the  report  of  the 
Committee  on  Protective  Sugar  Cane  Quarantine  which  in- 
cluded a  special  discussion  of  a  cane  butterfly,  Calisto  pulchclla 
Lathy,  peculiar  to  Santo  Domingo  and  Haiti. 

The  technical  sessions  were  followed  by  an  extended  tour 
of  the  Island  to  visit  the  principal  Centrals  where  the  more 
important  sugar  cane  insects  were  observed  in  the  field. 

The  detailed  "Proceedings"  will  be  published  in  San  Juan  in 
the  near  future. 

C.  E.  PEMBERTON,  Entomologist,  Hawaiian  Sugar  Planters' 
Association  and  M.  D.  LEONARD,  Entomologist,  Insular 
Experiment  Station,  Porto  Rico. 


Ninth  Rocky  Mountain  Conference  of  Entomologists. 

The  Ninth  Rocky  Mountain  Conference  of  Entomologists  will 
lie  held  in  Pingree  Park,  Colorado,  August  15  to  20  inclusive. 
The  Agricultural  College  Forestry  Lodge  will  be  made  the 
headquarters  and  the  plans  so  made  that  the  entire  family  can 
enjoy  the  occasion.  Anyone  interested  in  details  in  regard  to 
the  meeting  should  get  in  touch  with  the  Secretary,  George  M. 
List,  Fort  Collins,  Colorado. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

OCTOBER,  1932 

Vol.  XLIII  No.  8 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Calvert— Professor  J.  Fidel  Tristan 

Rehn — On  Apterism  and   Subapterism  in  the  Blattinae  (Orthoptera : 

Blattidae) 

Robertson — Bookseller's  Separates 

Editor — Insect  Racketeers 

O'Byrne — On  the  Activity  of  Butterflies  at  Night  (Lepid.:  Rhopalocera) 
Calkins — The  Rhopalocerous  Lepidoptera  of  Scott  County,  Kansas  .  . 
Rothke — Vespa  crabro  L.  in  Pennsylvania  (Hymen.:  Vespidae)  .  .  . 

Entomological  Literature 

Review — Smith's  Textbook  of  Agricultural  Entomology 

Review — Brues  and  Melander's  Classification  of  Insects 

Review — Metcalf  and  Flint's  Fundamentals  of  Insect  Life 

Review — General  Catalogue  of  the  Hemiptera 


197 

201 
206 
206 
207 
210 
215 
216 
221 
222 
223 
224 


Review — Dictionary  of  American  Biography 224 

Review — Menge's  Jobs  for  the  College  Graduate  in  Science 224 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1. 

Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January   15,  1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate  Editors. 

Advisory  Committee:  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J, 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .         .        $3.00 
Canada     .  ....          3.15 

Foreign    .  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 

MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks  (or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks)  and  also  pay 
for  the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  without  covers  over  and 
above  the  twenty-five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five 
copies,  35  cents;  three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages, 
twenty-five  copies,  $1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone 
plate,  twenty-five  copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents; 
greater  numbers  of  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates.  Printed 
carers  for  50  copies,  $4.00  or  more,  according  to  number  of  pages  bound. 


ENT    NEWS.  VOL.  XLIII.  PLATE  VIII. 


PROFESSOR    DON    JOSE    FIDEL    TRISTAN 


JNTQMQLOGICAL_NEWS_ 

VOL.  XLIII.  OCTOBER,    1932  No.  8 


Professor  J.  Fidel  Tristan. 

(Portrait,   Plate  VIII.) 

Professor  don  Jose  Fidel  Tristan.  Director  of  the  National 
Museum  at  San  Jose,  Costa  Rica,  died  in  that  city  on  Saturday, 
January  23.  1932.  He  was  the  son  of  Fidel  Tristan  Cespedes 
and  Praxedis  Fernandez  Acuna.  His  father  was  one  of  the  first 
who  established  at  his  plantation  of  Cinco  Esquinas  (Five  Cor- 
ners) the  preparation  of  coffee  by  machinery  imported  from 
Europe  and  he  was  a  large  exporter  of  this  "golden  grain"  to 
European  and  South  American  markets.  Having  undertaken 
the  construction  of  a  cartroad  over  the  central  Cordillera  to 
Carrillo,  the  original  terminus  of  the  Costa  Rican  railway,  he 
lost  heavily  in  the  venture,  so  that  his  family  had  to  contend 
with  adversity. 

Jose  Fidel,  born  September  6,  1874,  was  the  second  child  of 
eleven  who  survived  to  reach  majority.  In  his  early  years  he 
built  water  and  wind  mills,  collected  stones,  stamps,  insects  and 
plants.  In  1886  he  entered  the  Normal  and  Model  School  of 
San  Jose  where  he  came  under  the  instruction  of  Paul  Biolley. 
Biolley  was  one  of  a  group  of  young  Swiss,  which  included 
Henry  Pittier,  Gustave  Michaud  and  Jean  Rudin,  who  had  been 
invited  by  the  Government  of  Costa  Rica  to  assist  in  the  educa- 
tional development  of  the  country.  Biolley  became  well  known 
in  Europe  and  America  for  his  natural  history  collections.  He 
died  in  1908  and  a  brief  sketch  of  his  life  appeared  in  the 
NEWS  for  October.  1908,  page  394-395.  Tristan's  father  had 
sought  to  launch  his  son  in  a  commercial  career,  but  the  natural 
disposition  of  the  boy  was  toward  scientific  sttidies  which  led  to 
his  graduation  as  one  of  the  first  bachelors  of  the  Liceo  of  Costa 
Rica  in  18()-4.  Tie  learned  the  rudiments  of  meteorology  from 
Pedro  Reit/  in  the  Tnstituto  Fisico-Geografico,  founded  April 
~.  1888,  under  the  direction  of  I'rof.  Pittier.  and  he  served  as 
entomologist  at  the  Museo  Nacional. 

197 


OCT  1 3  1932 


198    •  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

The  government  of  Chile  having  offered  that  of  Costa  Rica 
the  opportunity  for  a  group  of  young  men  to  study  in  the  Peda- 
gogical Institute  of  Santiago,  Tristan  made  application  for  an 
assignment  in  the  fields  of  physics  and  chemistry.  He  received 
an  appointment  and  with  four  other  young  compatriots  spent 
nearly  three  years  (March  1897-January  1900)  in  study  in  the 
southern  republic,  where  he  became  acquainted  with  Dr.  R.  A. 
Phillippi,  Director  of  the  Museum  at  Santiago,  Federico  Phil- 
lippi,  subsequently  Director,  and  the  entomologist  Filiberto 
Germain. 

In  May,  1900,  he  became  professor  of  physics  and  chemistry 
in  the  Liceo  at  San  Jose,  where  he  introduced  German  equip- 
ment into  the  laboratories,  and,  later  in  the  same  year,  was 
named  professor  of  zoology  and  mineralogy  in  the  School  of 
Pharmacy.  In  1903  he  was  made  Professor  of  Physics  and 
Chemistry  in  the  Superior  College  for  Young  Women,  and  in 
1904  the  duties  of  Subdirector  of  the  same  institution  were 
added.  In  1908,  on  the  retirement  of  Miss  Marian  LeCap- 
pellain  from  the  directorship,  Tristan  succeeded  to  this  position, 
which  he  held  until  1922.  In  1912  he  added  his  old  professor- 
ship of  physics  and  chemistry  at  the  Liceo  to  his  tasks  and  be- 
came Director  of  the  Liceo  when  he  left  the  Superior  College. 
Finally,  having  resigned  from  the  Liceo,  he  became  Director  of 
the  National  Museum,  March  8,  1930. 

On  January  15,  1911,  Tristan  married  Ester  Castro  Melendez, 
who  with  three  sons,  Luis,  Oscar  and  Marco  Fidel,  survive  him. 

The  preceding  sketch  is  greatly  abbreviated  from  a  two  page 
article  "Homenaje  en  memoria  del  Profesor  Tristan"  which 
appeared  in  La  Prcnsa  Libre  of  San  Jose  for  February  2,  1932. 

The  writer  made  the  personal  acquaintance  of  Prof.  Tristan 
on  May  5,  1909,  at  the  Young  Women's  College  at  San  Jose, 
and  on  May  16th  we  took  our  first  entomological  trip  together 
—from  San  Jose  to  the  Rio  Tiribi  and  the  farm  house  of 
La  Verbena.  It  was  followed  by  others — to  the  Laguna  de 
Ochomogo,  Turrialba,  Turrucares,  Surubres  and,  greatest  of 
all,  to  the  province  of  Guanacaste  for  thirty  days.  He  spoke 
and  wrote  English  fluently,  a  great  boon  to  one  whose  Spanish 
was,  as  he  truly  said,  "muy  poquito".  He  was  extremely  kind 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  199 

and  helpful  in  every  way,  an  entertaining  talker,  and  to  him, 
as  stated  in  a  volume  which  records  our  joint  experiences  in 
Costa  Rica,  "more  than  to  any  other  one  person  do  we  owe 
much  of  our  success".*  When  the  great  earthquake  of  May  4, 
1910,  demolished  Cartago,  our  Costa  Rican  headquarters,  he 
sought  us  on  the  following  day  among  the  ruins  of  the  city. 

\Ve  maintained  a  correspondence  for  more  than  twenty  years 
after  that  catastrophe  and  his  letters  mention  the  excursions 
which  he  made  to  various  parts  of  Costa  Rica  to  collect  mate- 
rial illustrating  the  natural  history  of  his  native  land  —  to 
(  )ricuajo  and  El  Rohle,  not  far  from  Puntarenas,  in  July,  1911, 
and  Decemher,  1913,  respectively,  to  the  peninsula  of  Nicoya 
in  fanuarv,  1912.  to  Santo  Domingo  in  the  Peninsula  of  Osa 
in  May.  1913,  and  the  volcano  Rincon  de  la  Vieja  in  April,  and 
again  in  June,  1922.  Still  earlier,  in  1908,  he  visited  Santa 
Maria  Dota.  Frequent  trips  were  made  to  various  places  in 
and  near  Irazu,  to  obtain  material  and  observations  for  a  mono- 
graph on  that  volcano  to  which  he  devoted  much  labor  for 
many  years  but  which,  we  believe,  has  never  been  published. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  its  publication  will  not  be  indefinitely 
postponed. 

In  1923  and  1927  on  entomological  trips  to  Costa  Rica,  our 
colleague  Mr.  Rehn  had  the  pleasure  and  profit  of  accompanv- 
ing  Tristan  on  two  trips  to  the  cloud  forest  of  La  Palma,  in 
the  saddle  of  the  Central  Cordillera  between  Irazu  and  Rarba 
(August  31  to  September  2,  1923,  and  July  28  to  31,  1927),  to 
Oricuajo,  on  the  Pacific  side  (August  31  to  September  3,  1927), 
as  well  on  a  number  of  short  excursions  in  the  vicinity  of  San 
Jose. 

From  these  various  expeditions  he  sent  entomological  mate- 
rial to  Doctors  Borelli,  Silvestri,  Crandi  and  Bezzi  in  Italy, 
Orthoptera  to  Mr.  Rehn,  Odonata  to  the  writer,  and,  doubt- 
less, other  insects  to  various  specialists.  He  stimulated  his  own 
students  in  San  lose  to  entomological  interests.  He  wrote 
(February  26,  1911):  "Mr.  Clodomiro  Picado,  a  young  man 
who  was  studying  natural  history  in  Paris,  is  now  here  prepar- 
ing his  theme  to  get  the  D.Sc.  I  suggested  to  him  the  study 
ot  the  Fauna  of  the  Bromelia".  which  eventuated  in  the  exten- 
sive memoir:  Lcs  Bromeliacees  I:[>iph\'lcs  considcrccs  coininc 
milieu  biologique.^ 

Tristan  had  many  plans  for  work  not  a  few  of  which  were 
frustrated  by  his  teaching  and  administrative  duties.  A  pas- 


*  ,/    Yen  i-  nf  Costa  Kicdii   Xntunil  History,  naee  29 
fBull.  Sci.  France  et  Belg.    (7)    xlvii  :  215-3f>0.   19  pis.,  54  text  figs. 
Paris,  1913.     See  the  NEWS  lor  Feb.  1914,  pp.  87-88. 


200  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

sage  in  his  letter  just  quoted:  "Every  clay  I  lament  not  to  have 
time  to  devote  to  natural  history  studies",  has  a  familiar  ring. 
His  earliest  paper  in  entomology  appears  to  he  his  report  on 
the  work  done  in  this  department  of  the  Museo  Nacional  in 
1895-96,  published  as  an  fnforuic  of  the  Museum  in  1896.  It 
gives  lists  of  Coleoptera,  Hemiptera,  Orthoptera,  Hymenoptera, 
Xeuroptera  and  Lepidoptera.  Similar  is  his  Insectos  dc  Costa 
Rica  pctfHcna  colcccioii  arrcfilaila,  issued  by  the  Museum  in 
18(}/.  in  1901  he  had  an  article  on  a  case  of  Entomophily- 
polHnation  of  Asclc/nos  curassarica  bv  the  butterfly  Amir  tin 
i'atima.  in  the  Holctin  of  the  fnstiliito  I'isico  Geografico,  volume 
I,  pj>.  318-322,  with  one  plate.  In  collaboration  with  Prof. 
Gustave  Michaud  he  published  a  paper  Probable  Perception  of 
Invisible  Lie/lit  bv  Some  Animal  Sficcics  in  the  Scientific  Amer- 
ican, for  January  15,  1916  (page  81  etc.),  illustrated  by  photo- 
graphs of  butterflies  under  a  weak  yellow  screen,  in  ultra-violet 
and  in  infra-red  light.  They  suggested  that  the  visual  appara- 
tus of  these  insects  is  perhaps  sensitive  to  the  ultra-violet  re- 
flected by  flowers  allowing  them  to  "select,  among  flowers,  those 
best  adapted  to  their  digestive  organs",  as  well  as  "to  favor 
the  union  of  sexes  or  to  protect  those  butterflies  which  feed  on 
ultra-violet  flowers".  The  NEWS  for  October  1929  (page  273) 
contains  a  brief  note  by  him  on  A  Swarm  of  DragonfJics  in 
Costa  Rica. 

Tristan  published  more  on  volcanos  and  earthquakes  than  on 
insects  and  his  studies  of  Irazu,  Poas  and  Rincon  de  la  Vieja 
are  among  the  most  recent  which  we  possess  on  these  moun- 
tains. A  fine  series  of  photographs  taken  by  him  accompanies 
an  interesting  and  popular  article  Costa  Rica — J^idcan's  Smithy 
bv  H.  Pittier  in  the  National  Geographic  Magazine  for  June, 
1910,  and  he  had  a  part  in  the  preparation  of  ex-President  Don 
Cleto  Gonzalez  Viciuez's  Tembfores.  Terremotos,  fniindacioncs 
y  Entpcwncs  Volcdnicas  en  Costa  Rica.  160S-1V10  (1910). 

His  long-time  interest  in  physics  doubtless  led  him  into 
studies  on  ultra-violet  light,  in  cooperation  with  Prof.  Gustave 
Michaud,  some  ol  which  were  published  in  the  Scientific  Amer- 
ican and  in  the  Archives  dcs  Sciences  physique's  ct  natiirefles 
of  Geneva.  1913-1915. 

His  influence  on  the  development  of  science  in  Costa  Rica 
was  undoubtedly  great  and  it  is  saddening  to  realize  that  his 
departure,  at  the  early  age  of  fifty-eight,  has  brought  his  per- 
sonal contact  to  an  end.  But  the  impulses  which  he  started 
and  furthered  will  surely  continue  to  animate  those  who  knew 
and  loved  him.  P.  P.  CALVERT. 


xliii,    '32J  ENTUMOLOCH'AL    -NEWS  201 

On  Apterism  and  Subapterism  in  the  Blattinae 
(Orthoptera  :  Blattidae). 

By  JAMES  A.  G.  REHN,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 

Philadelphia. 

The  cockroaches  of  the  subfamily  Blattinae  comprise  an  ex- 
tensive representation  of  species  distributed  over  the  tropical 
and  subtropical  parts  of  the  world,  with  certain  of  them,  which 
are  domiciliary  or  household  .pests,  liable  to  occur  almost  any- 
where except  in  the  arctic  and  antarctic  regions.  The  open- 
ing up  of  remote  parts  of  the  world  is  soon  followed  by  the 
penetration  of  these  latter  unwanted  and  unloved  travellers,  of 
which  the  native  homes  are  still  in  doubt.  Within  this  sub- 
family, which  contains  nearly  two  score  of  genera,  we  find  all 
degrees  of  size  development  in  the  organs  of  flight,  ranging 
from  fully  developed  in  both  sexes  to  completely  absent  in  the 
same.  The  intermediate  conditions  are  similarly  well  repre- 
sented in  both  sexes,  or  flight  organs  are  reduced  in  the  female 
alone. 

The  extent  and  degree  of  differentiation  in  alar  development 
in  the  Blattinae  influenced  the  well-known  French  orthopterist, 
Dr.  Lucien  Chopard,  some  years  ago,  to  tabulate  the  genera  of 
the  subfamily  under  divisions  expressive  of  the  degree  of  de- 
velopment and  sexual  association  of  the  organs  of  flight,  and 
from  these  tabulations  to  conclude  that  the  three  categories 
employed  exhibited  certain  geographic  correlations.  This  work- 
was  published  under  the  title:  "La  distribution  geographique  des 
'Blattinae'  apteres  ou  subapteres."  * 

Having  had  some  experience  with  the  subfamily  in  question, 
several  years  ago  I  read  Dr.  Chopard's  paper  with  much  inter- 
est, and  at  that  time  jotted  down  certain  points  which  seemed 
at  variance  with  the  impression  left  by  the  tabulations.  Re- 
cently having  reread  the  paper  and  rechecked  my  hasty  notes, 
it  seemed  desirable,  in  view  of  the  possibility  that  Dr.  Chopard's 
summary  might  be  accepted  as  unquestioned,  to  amplify  and 
publish  my  impressions  on  the  subject. 

LCompt.    Rend.   Assoc.    Fran?.    Adv.   Sri.,    l')_M    (Liege),   pp.   <»75-l'77, 
(1925). 


202  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct..    '32 

On  the  basis  of  alar  development  Chopard  divided  the  genera 
comprising  the  subfamily  into  three  categories,  as  follows: 

1.  Genera  with  tegmina  and  wings  well  developed  in  the  two 
sexes. 

2.  Genera  with  tegmina  and  wings  very  short  or  absent  in 
the  female  alone. 

3.  Genera  with  tegmina  and  wings  very  short  or  absent  in 
the  two  sexes. 

Following  this  classification  the  genera  then  considered  were 
arranged  under  the  respective  sections,  nine  in  the  first,  seven 
in  the  second  and  thirteen  in  the  third. 

All  of  the  genera  in  the  first  section,  Chopard  states,  are 
African  or  Indo-Australian,  except  the  Neotropical  Pclmato- 
silpha.  Of  those  in  the  second  section  the  majority  are 
African,  several  Indo-Malayan  and  Australian  and  one  (Blotto) 
cosmopolitan,  but  probably  of  African  or  Indo-Malayan  origin. 
The  third  section  is  dominated  by  Australian  genera,  over 
eighty  per  cent,  of  the  total  in  the  section  being  from  the  Antip- 
odes, another,  Stylopyga  (as  there  used  equalling  Neosty- 
lopyga  of  Shelf ord  and  present  workers),  is  circumtropically 
established,2  while  the  single  genus  Enrycotis  Stal  is  given  as 
American. 

Unfortunately  Chopard  did  not  consider  the  genus  Lampro- 
blatta  Hebard,  described  some  few  years  prior  to  the  date  of 
his  writing,3  for  placed  in  the  tabulation  it  would  have  been  the 
first  completely  apterous  Neotropical  genus.  The  relative  posi- 
tion of  Lamproblatta  in  such  a  tabulation,  and  the  degree  to 
which  the  genera  Pchnatosilplia  and  Enrycotis  form  with  it  a 
cohesive  American  complex,  vitiating  to  a  considerable  degree 
the  soundness  of  Dr.  Chopard's  classification,  are  responsible 
for  the  present  remarks. 

The  genus  Pelmatosilpha  Dohrn,  placed  in  category  one  by 
Chopard,  is  entirely  Neotropical  in  distribution,  and  comprises 
a  series  of  closely  related  species  possessing  tegmina  and  wings 

2  In   the   American   tropics   the   genotypic   species    (N .   rhombijolia)    is 
known  from  but  a  few  areas ;   in  Africa  it  is  more  generally  present  on 
the    coast,    while    in    the    Malayan    region   it    is    widely   distributed,    and 
probably  the  genus   originated   there. 

3  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  XLY,  p.  108,  (1919). 


xliii,  '32 1  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  203 

in  both  sexes,  ranging  in  the  various  entities  from  fully  devel- 
oped to  reduced  quadrate  tegmina  and  vestigial,  non-functional 
wings.  The  same  genus  passes  without  marked  distinction  into 
Eurycotis  Stal,4  which  was  placed  by  Chopard  in  his  category 
three.  In  the  last-mentioned  genus  we  have  a  considerable 
series  of  species — seventeen  in  the  West  Indies  r>  and  south- 
eastern United  States  alone — in  which  the  tegmina  range  from 
reduced  and  transversely  subquadrate,  attingent  mesad,  to 
lateral,  slip-like  structures,  with  the  wings  vestigial  in  the 
former  and  absent  in  the  latter.  The  genus  Eurycotis  is 
distributed  from  the  southern  United  States,  Mexico  and  the 
West  Indies  south  to  at  least  Ecuador  and  eastern  Brazil. 
Carrying  alar  reduction  to  its  logical  conclusion  in  the  same 
complex  of  the  subfamily  is  the  genus  Larnproblatta  Hebard, 
representing  an  opposite  extreme  from  Pclmatosilpha,  and  in 
which  tegmina  and  wings  are  completely  absent  in  the  adult 
condition  of  both  sexes.  This  similarly  Neotropical  genus 
ranges  from  the  Canal  Zone,  Panama,  to  central  Matto  Grosso, 
Brazil,  east  to  Trinidad. 

The  genera  Pclmatosilpha,  Eurycotis  and  Lainproblatta  repre- 
sent sections  of  a  complex  embracing  not  less  than  forty-one 
described  and  valid  species,  and  in  which  combined  assemblage 
we  find,  uniformly  in  both  sexes,  every  shade  of  alar  develop- 
ment from  appendages  fully  formed  and  reaching  to  the  apex 
of  the  abdomen  (certain  Pchnatosilpha),  to  the  complete  ab- 
sence of  all  organs  of  flight  (all  seven  species  of  Liwipro- 
blatta").  In  Cuba  alone  we  find  twelve  species  of  the  genus 
Eurycotis,  including  forms  with  short,  transversely  truncate 
tegmina  with  attingent  sutural  margins,  as  well  as  others  with 
these  organs  lateral  and  slip-like.  The  wings  correspondingly 
are  vestigial  to  absent. 

From  the  above  it  is  evident  that  the  influences  which  oper- 
ate for  tegminal  and  alar  reduction,  at  least  in  this  complex  of 
the  subfamily,  are  not  regional,  and  also,  broadly  speaking,  that 

4  For  discussion  of  the  relationship  of  these  gnu-fa  see  Ri-lin  and  1  K-hard 
Bull  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  LIV,  p.  147,  (1927). 

6  For  a  study  of  the  majority  of  the  West  Indian  species  see  Rehn  and 
Hehard,  Idem.,  pp.  154-Jrf7. 

"Set  Rehn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  LVI,  pp.  27-38,  (1930). 


204  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

no   geographic  correlation   of   alar   development   exists   in   this 
particular   assemblage.      "While   our   distributional   information 
for  these  genera  is  still  "spotty,"  it  is  sufficient  to  show  con- 
clusively the  degree  of  variability  in  alar  development  in  the 
Cuban  species  of  Eurycotis,  the  presence  of  all  three  genera 
in  or  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Canal  Zone,  Panama,  and 
also  in  eastern  Ecuador,  as  well  as  at  least  two  of  the  genera  in 
Trinidad,  Costa  Rica  and  upper  Amazonia.     When  our  knowl- 
edge of  the  Blattidae  of  these  latter  areas  is  relatively  as  full 
as  that  of  the  Canal  Zone  species,  we  probably  shall  find  all 
three  genera  present.     Apparently  the  factors  which  operate  to 
produce  the  respective  conditions  must  be  looked  for  in  direc- 
tions  other  than   geographic.      I    have  personally   collected  all 
three  genera  and,  speaking  broadly,  their  habits  are  similar- 
secretive  and  in  daylight  negatively  phototropic,  utilizing  many 
types  of  chinks  and  crannies  for  hiding,  such  as  under  bark, 
palm  frond  bases,  the  dead  adherent  stubs  of  the  same,  in  hang- 
ing dead  leaves,  under  rotting  vegetable  matter,  beneath  stones 
and  fallen  logs.     It  is  not  known  whether  the  fully  alate  Pel- 
JiMtosilpJios  use  their  wings  to  escape,  nor  have  I  any  know- 
ledge of  their  being  attracted  to  light  at  night. 

Apropos  of  the  Old  World  genera  of  the  subfamily  listed  by 
Chopard,  there  can  be  little  question  as  to  the  really  close  rela- 
tionship of  Periplaneta  Burmeister  and  the  African  genus 
Pseudoderopcltis  Krauss,  even  though  the  latter  shows  pro- 
nounced sexual  dimorphism  in  other  features  as  well  as  the 
degree  of  development  of  the  alar  appendages.  The  common 
origin  of  these  two  genera  can  hardly  be  questioned,  even 
though  they  would  fall  into  separate  categories  of  Chopard's 
tabulation  (i.e.  Periplaneta  in  number  one,  Pscudoderopeltis  in 
number  three).  Again  the  recently  erected  genus  Blattina 
Hebard  7  is  very  close  to  lUatta,  in  which  its  genotype  had  been 
placed,  yet  the  former  possesses  an  equal  degree  of  alar  devel- 
opment in  the  two  sexes,  while  the  latter  exhibits  a  marked 
sexual  difference  in  tegminal  structure  and  wing  presence.  On 
the  other  hand  Neostylopyga  Shelf ord  (-:  Stylopyga  as  used 

7Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  LXXXI,  p.  84,  (1929). 


xliii,    '32  j  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XE\\  S  2U5 

by  Chopard)  is  an  exceedingly  close  relative  of  Blatta,  but  has 
the  tegmina  in  both  sexes  reduced  to  lateral  slips  while  the 
wings  are  absent. 

The  East  African  genus  Cartoblalta  Shelford  was  placed  by 
Chopard  in  the  category  (one)  having  the  tegmina  and  wings 
well  developed  in  the  two  sexes.  The  male  possesses  fully  de- 
veloped tegmina  and  wings,  but  the  female  has  the  tegmina  re- 
duced and  quadrate  and  the  wings  vestigial  —  in  fact  both  no 
more  developed  than  in  a  number  of  species  of  Enrycotis,  which 
was  placed  in  category  three. 

To  summarize,  the  factors  producing  brachypterism  or  sub- 
apterism  in  the  Blattinae,  as  in  the  subfamilies  Pseudomopinae, 
Ectobiinae  and  Epilamprinae  of  the  Blattidae,  cannot  be  con- 
sidered geographic  per  se,  although  environmental  and  other  in- 
fluences, such  as  altitude  and  possibly  humidity  or  aridity  under 
special  conditions,  appear  to  be  or  have  been  motivating  causes. 
Elsewhere  I  have  recently  demonstrated  cS  the  correlation  of  alti- 
tude  with   relative   brachypterism    in   the   normally   fully   alate 
African  Ectobius  africamis,  and  it  is  strongly  suggested  in  a 
number   of   cases   which   have   yet   to   be   given   critical   study. 
Chopard  has  called  attention  to  the  high  percentage  of  apterous 
or  subapterous  genera  of  Blattinae  in  Australia,  and  suggests 
this  degree  of  specialization  as  a  response  to  desert  conditions. 
Brachypterism  or  even  complete  apterism  in  the  female  sex  is 
marked  in  desert  cockroaches,  generally  correlated  with   fully 
alate  males,  often  of  nocturnal  habits.     This  tendency  is  prob- 
ably as  marked  in  the  Old  World  as  it  is  in  the  Sonoran  deserts 
of  the  southwestern  United  States  and  adjacent  Mexico.     How- 
ever, the  percentage  of   brachypterism  and   subapterism  to  be 
found  among  the  Blattidae  of  the  humid  rain-forest  areas  of 
tropical  America  refutes  any  attempt  to  make  a  purely  geo- 
graphic or  zonal  correlation  of  apterism  or  brachypterism.    The 
Blattidae  of  tropical  regions  are  no  different  from  other  groups 
of  animal  life  in  that  the  large,  striking  and  obvious  are  first 
made  known,  while  the  subapterous  and  brachypterous,  usually 
secretive  species  generally  require  for  their  discovery  the  more 
detailed  explorations  of  trained  field  workers.     Tropical 


Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  LXXXIII,  pp.  346-353,   <  1(M1  ) 


206  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

which  are  now  fairly  well  known  orthopterologically,  such  as 
the  West  Indies  and  parts  of  Central  America,  show  a  far 
larger  percentage  of  subapterous  and  brachypterous  blattids 
than  is  known  from  countries  less  carefully  studied. 

Macropterism  is  clearly  the  primitive  condition  in  the  Blat- 
tidae,  as  affirmed  by  paleontological  and  an  increasing  amount 
of  phylogenetic  data.  Chopard  has  left  no  doubt  regarding  his 
support  of  this  very  evident  conclusion.  Brachypterism  and 
apterism  in  the  cockroaches  are  evidently  responses  to  influences 
which  under  given  conditions,  environmental  or  what-not,  in- 
hibit or  at  least  limit  the  success  of  fully  alate  types.  These 
conditions  are  much  less  fundamental  than  was  believed  to  be 
true  by  the  past  generation  of  workers.  So  far  we  have  made 
but  a  beginning  in  solving  the  involved  phylogenetic  history  of 
existing  Blattidae,  but  this  general  conclusion  gains  added  sup- 
port with  each  definite  addition  to  our  knowledge  of  these 
animals. 


Bookseller's  Separates. 

In  a  statement  (ENT.  NEWS  43:  258)  made  to  call  attention 
to  the  difference  between  "author's  separates  and  bookseller's 
separates",  it  is  said  that  cut-out  articles  are  not  genuine  separ- 
ates. 

The  cut-out  articles  are  the  more  reliable  separates.  The 
Canadian  Entomologist  has  sent  out  pages  of  the  journal  as 
separates.  Separates  of  my  paper  "Localities  of  insects  col- 
lected by  Robertson",  Psyche  35 :  61,  contain  the  errors,  "ivcllcs- 
Icyanaa  and  novae,  angliac"  instead  of  "wellesleyana  and  novae- 
angliae",  as  in  the  original.  The  separate  is  an  erroneous  copy 
of  the  published  article. — CHARLES  ROBERTSON,  Carlinville, 
Illinois. 


Insect  Racketeers. 

Our  attention  having  been  called  to  advertisements  holding 
out  great  hopes  of  making  large  sums  of  money  by  collecting 
and  selling  insects,  particularly  butterflies,  it  seems  almost 
obligatory  to  warn  persons  attracted  by  such  advertisements 
that  very  few  realize  such  hopes.  No  one  should  enter  into 
any  engagement  to  supply  insects  to  parties  about  whom  they 
know  nothing  without  first  learning  from  reliable  sources  some- 
thing of  their  honesty  and  business  standing. — EDITOR. 


xliii,  '32  J  !•:. \TOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  207 

On  the  Activity  of  Butterflies  at  Night 
(Lepid. :  Rhopalocera). 

By  HAROLD  O'BYRNE,  Webster  Groves,   Missouri. 

That  butterflies  are  lovers  of  the  sunshine  and  are  inactive 
at  night  is  an  accepted  fact ;  most  students  agree  that  they 
spend  the  night  in  a  state  physiologically  similar  to  the  sleep  of 
vertebrates.  It  is  to  be  expected,  therefore,  that  efforts  to 
arouse  butterflies  to  activity  at  night,  even  in  brightly  lighted 
places,  are  foredoomed  to  failure.  Comparatively  few  attempts 
to  determine  this  have  been  made.  The  purpose  of  the  obser- 
vations described  below  was  to  test  this  expectation ;  the  re- 
sults obtained  confirm  my  belief  that  sleeping  butterflies  would 
be  hard  to  awaken,  and  also  show  that  after  being  disturbed, 
they  seek  the  darkest  spots  available,  where  they  resume  their 
interrupted  rest. 

The  observations  were  made  during  the  summer  of  1931, 
in  a  brightly-lighted  electric  power  station  in  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri. The  butterflies  observed  (other  than  two  exceptional 
individuals  later  noted)  entered  the  building  in  the  daytime, 
were  trapped,  and  finally  came  to  rest  near  closed  windows 
through  which  they  had  vainly  tried  to  escape.  The  nights 
when  observations  were  made  were  all  clear,  and  followed 
warm,  sunny  days  when  butterflies  were  generally  active. 
Temperature  indoors,  due  to  machinery  in  operation,  was  in 
the  neighborhood  of  95  degrees,  Fahrenheit;  and  was  some- 
what higher  than  temperature  on  the  outside.  The  time  used 
is  Central  Standard  in  all  cases. 

PHYCIODES  THAROS  Dru.  One  was  found  on  a  window  sill 
at  11  P.  M.  A  gentle  push  caused  it  to  flap  its  wings  a  few 
times.  Later,  while  being  carried  by  the  wings  to  another  place, 
it  began  to  kick  its  legs ;  when  released,  it  fluttered  a  little  and 
then  became  motionless.  Pushing  it  repeatedly  caused  a  short 
flight  each  time.  The  second  individual,  found  on  the  floor  at 
11  P.  M.,  was  picked  up  by  the  wings  and  thrown  into  the  air. 
It  flew  rapidly  upward  and  disappeared  in  the  shadows  that  hid 
the  ceiling.  A  few  seconds  later  it  descended  to  the  floor,  re- 
maining motionless  for  at  least  half  an  hour.  The  third  sped- 


208  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Oct.,  '32 

men,  observed  at  8  P.  M.,  was  disturbed  twice  by  pushing;  a 
short  flight  resulted  each  time. 

POLYGONIA  INTERROGATIONIS  UMBROSA  Lint.  \  female  found 
resting  on  a  window  frame  at  1  A.  M.  was  not  disturbed  by 
the  heavy  jar  of  a  ladder  placed  against  the  window.  After 
being  picked  up  by  the  wings,  nearly  a  minute  elapsed  before 
it  began  to  move  its  legs.  It  was  released  on  my  open  hand, 
where  it  did  not  move,  except  to  take  hold  with  its  feet.  When 
prodded,  it  opened  and  closed  its  wings  several  times  and  then 
flew  about  ten  feet.  Its  wings  opened  and  closed  slowly  for 
several  minutes ;  then  it  flew  again  and  hid  in  the  shadows  some 
fifty  feet  overhead. 

VANESSA  ATLANTA  Linn.  A  female  was  resting  on  a  window 
frame  at  11  P.  M.  The  jar  of  a  heavy  ladder  allowed  to  fall 
against  the  frame  failed  to  arouse  the  butterfly.  Another 
female,  first  seen  at  1  A.  M.,  was  resting  on  the  outside  of  a 
window.  It,  too,  was  difficult  to  arouse ;  closing  the  window 
failed  to  disturb  it.  When  picked  up  and  then  released  in  the 
air  inside  of  the  building,  it  flew  to  the  floor  and  walked  slowly 
into  a  nearby  shadow,  where  it  remained  motionless  until 
pushed.  This  time,  it  flew  up  to  a  girder  about  forty  feet 
above,  and  came  to  rest  in  the  glare  of  a  bright  light.  In  this 
individual  we  have  an  attraction  to  the  light  that  was  not  ob- 
served in  the  others.  Furthermore,  it  must  have  been  attracted 
to  the  light  originally,  for  it  was  found  on  the  outside  of  the 
lighted  window. 

PIERIS  RAPAE  Linn.  A  male  and  a  female  were  found  rest- 
ing on  window  frames  at  7:30  P.  M.  Three  attempts  to 
arouse  the  male  by  pushing  resulted  in  as  many  flights  of  a 
few  feet  each.  When  thrown  out  through  an  open  window,  it 
flew  to  the  ground  and  stayed  in  the  spot  where  it  alighted. 
The  female  was  not  disturbed  until  about  10  P.  AI.  After 
being  pushed,  it  flew  to  a  height  of  about  20  feet,  circled  about, 
and  alighted  on  the  floor.  A  second  push  caused  it  to  fly  about 
eight  feet,  coming  to  rest  in  the  darkness  of  a  shadow.  Dis- 
turbed a  third  time,  it  flew  high  and  disappeared  in  the  ceiling 
shadows,  where  it  stayed. 

EUREMA  LISA  Bdv.  &  Lee.    A  female  was  found  on  the  wall 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

at  about  1  A.  M.  Repeated  efforts  to  arouse  it  were  futile ; 
only  short  flights  resulted. 

I'APILIO  CRESPHONTES  Cram.  A  male  was  seen  resting  on 
the  outside  of  a  window  at  11  P.  M.  When  dislodged  with 
an  insect  net,  immediate  activity  began;  it  struggled  violently 
in  the  net.  in  great  contrast  to  the  behavior  of  all  the  butterflies 
mentioned  before.  Like  the  second  F.  atuhinfa  observed,  it 
must  have  come  to  the  window  after  dark,  in  response  to  the 
lights  within. 

The  important  fact  gleaned  from  these  observations  is  the 
difficulty  of  arousing  butterflies  from  their  nocturnal  stupor; 
my  efforts  to  provoke  them  to  sustained  flight  were  generally 
unsuccessful,  a  result  that  T  had  anticipated.  This  confirms 
the  observations  of  Rau  and  Rau.  '16.  who  also  found  butter- 
flies hard  to  arouse  from  sleep.  The  high  temperature  in  the 
building  shows  that  the  sluggishness  displayed  by  the  butter- 
flies was  not  an  effect  of  cool  night  air.  such  as  wou'd  have 
complicated  the  observations  had  they  been  made  out-of-doors. 
On  the  contrary,  any  effect  that  temperature  could  have  had 
unon  their  behavior  would  have  urged  them  to  become  active. 
Hayward.  '30,  has  suggested  that  observed  instances  of  butter- 
flies flying  at  night  are  probably  due  to  their  having  been 
disturbed  from  their  rest  by  passing  animals.  Some  such  in- 
stances can  be  so  explained,  but  the  foregoing  observations 
show  that  such  behavior  is  unusual.  The  facts  clearly  indicate 
that  the  periods  of  activity  and  of  rest  in  butterflies  are  so 
strongly  fixed,  psychologically  and  physiologically,  that  the 
simulating  of  day  conditions  by  artificial  lisdit  does  not  influ- 
ence them  to  day  activity.  However,  the  data  show  that  for 
at  least  two  individuals  there  was  a  reversal  of  this  behavior, 
where  response  was  to  artificial  light.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  find  what  conditions  influence  such  exceptional  behavior. 

LlTKRATURK    ClTKIV 

HAYWAKI).  1\.  J.  1930.  The  night  flight  of  diurnal  butter- 
flies. Rut.  News,  xli:  258-261. 

K  \r.  I'.,  and  RAT.  X.  1016.  The  sleep  of  insects;  an  ecologi- 
cal study.  Ann.  Rnt.  Soc.  Amerf  9;  227-274. 


210  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

The  Rhopalocerous  Lepidoptera  of  Scott  County, 

Kansas. 

By  VIRGIL  F.  CALKINS,  Scott  City,  Kans. 
INTRODUCTION. 

The  main  reason  for  preparing  this  list  of  the  butterflies  of 
Scott  County,  Kansas,  is  because  of  the  interest  expressed  in 
the  species  local  to  this  region  by  various  entomologists  with 
whom  I  have  been  in  correspondence. 

So  far  as  I  know,  I  believe  not  very  much  has  ever  been 
written  about  the  butterflies  of  the  State  of  Kansas — certainly 
not  the  western  part  of  the  State.  Hence,  a  description  of  the 
region  about  which  this  list  is  written  will  be  of  interest. 

Scott  County  is  situated  in  the  center  of  the  extreme  western 
part  of  the  state,  about  sixty  miles  from  the  Colorado  line.  It 
is  about  twenty-four  miles  wide  by  thirty  miles  in  length,  and 
has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  The  elevation  of  Scott  City 
is  2,970  feet  above  sea  level.  The  whole  state  lies  within  what 
is  termed  the  Great  Plains  Region,  the  western  half  consisting 
of  broad,  level  prairie,  being  devoid  of  trees  in  general,  except 
along  the  shallow  prairie  streams. 

In  the  northern  part  of  Scott  County,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Beaver  Creek — a  small  tributary  of  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  one 
encounters  the  hilly  district — otherwise  known  as  the  "bad 
lands"  of  western  Kansas.  It  consists  of  cuts,  ravines  and 
canyons  of  shale,  sand  and  limestone,  the  formations  being 
rugged  and  fantastic  in  form,  some  with  flat-topped  mounds  and 
long  rocky  ridges  many  of  which  are  of  a  shelving  and  rounded 
contour.  Beginning  at  the  summits  of  these  hilly  districts, 
which  are  numerous,  and  continuous  in  various  parts  of  the 
west,  and  north-western,  parts  of  the  state,  is  the  level  prairie. 
In  the  northern  part  of  Scott  County,  a  portion  of  this  type  of 
country  has  been  set  aside  by  the  state  as  the  Scott  County  State 
Park,  which  is  one  of  the  favored  collecting  places.  Various 
species  of  cacti  and  yuccae  flourish  here,  the  general  appearance 
suggesting  that  of  semi-arid  desert  country. 

Inasmuch  as  the  whole  of  the  western  part  of  the  state  is 
level  prairie,  a  list  of  the  butterflies  of  Scott  County  would 
necessarily  be  representative  of  this  part  of  the  state. 

As  far  as  my  knowledge  goes,  there  are  no  other  collectors 


'32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 


211 


of  lepidoptera  in  the  entire  western  part  of  the  state  of  Kansas. 
I  trust  that  this  list  will  therefore  have  value  for  the  entomol- 
ogist who  has  an  interest  in  the  lepidoptera  of  this  region. 

Family  PAPILIONIDAE. 

PAPILIO  POLVXENES  Fabr.  The  Eastern  Swallowtail.  The 
common  black  Swallowtail  which  ranges  over  practically  all  of 
the  eastern  half  of  the  United  States.  Abundant,  and  very 
easily  reared. 

P.  BAIRDI  BRUCEI  Edw.  Bruce's  Butterfly.  A  decidedly  rare 
insect  this  far  east;  two  specimens  have  been  taken  only,  in  the 
month  of  June.  One  example  had  one  of  the  tails  missing  but 
both  specimens  were  in  very  fresh  condition. 

P.  CRESPHONTES  Cram.  The  Giant  Swallowtail.  This,  also, 
is  an  uncommon  insect  to  be  taken  locally.  All  specimens  that 
have  been  taken  were  badly  worn  and  torn,  indicating  that  they 
had  come  from  a  distance.  Some  half  dozen  specimens  have 
been  captured  only  one  of  which  was  respectable  enough  for 
collection  purposes. 

P.  r.LArcus  L.  The  Tiger  Swallowtail.  This  beautiful  Papilin. 
according  to  its  distribution  records,  should  be  fairly  plentiful 
in  this  region.  On  the  contrary  it  is  somewhat  scarce.  The 
male  sex  is  usually  most  prevalent  and  the  species  appears  to 
be  most  common,  whenever  found,  just  as  the  cherry  and  apple 
trees  burst  into  bloom.  Yellow  females  are  not  common,  and 
when  taken,  represent  the  first  brood  of  the  year. 

P.  DAI"  NTS  Bdv.  Two-tailed  Swallowtail.  The  two-tailed 
Swallowtail  is  a  very  interesting  capture  indeed,  for  this  locality. 
\Yhile  far  from  being  common,  the  writer  usually  takes  a  few 
each  year.  This  species  is,  as  a  rule,  peculiar  to  the  Rocky 
Mountain  region,  or  at  most,  the  valleys  and  foot  hills  of  moun- 
tainous ranges.  Hence,  its  appearance  this  far  east  on  the 
prairie  regions  of  Kansas  is  very  interesting.  A  fact  concern- 
ing Papilio  daitnus  not  usually  known  is  that  it  is  double-brooded 
in  this  region.  The  imagoes  enier^in-  from  over-wintering 
chrysalids  are  somewhat  small  and  dwarfed,  and  the  summer 
examples  are  giants,  the  females  measuring  four  and  one-half 
to  five  inches. 

P.  TROILUS  L.  Spice  Bush  Swallowtail.  Extremely  rare. 
But  two  specimens  have  ever  been  taken. 


212  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

Family  PIERIDAE. 

PIERIS  OCCIDENTALS  Reak.  The  Western  White.  While  oc- 
cidentalis  is  a  common  insect  of  the  more  western  states,  it  is 
highly  doubtful  if,  as  a  species,  it  is  generally  taken  in  Kansas. 
Two  examples,  a  male  and  a  female,  have  heen  taken  by  the 
writer,  and  were  identified  as  occidcntalis  by  Dr.  Dyar. 

P.  PROTODICE  Bdv.  &  Lee.  The  Common  White,  the  Checkered 
White.  This  is  a  quite  common  butterfly  some  seasons  and  ap- 
parently scarce  during  others.  The  best  way  to  obtain  perfect 
specimens  for  collection  is  to  rear  them  on  mustards.  The 
majority  of  them  taken  at  large  have  wing  punctures  due  to 
parasitization.  It  is  triple-brooded  in  this  region.  It  can  usu- 
ally be  taken  at  any  time  during  the  collecting  season,  but  most 
commonly  during  the  earlv  fall. 

P.  PROTODICE  VERNALTS  Edw.  The  Vernal  \Vhite.  The  spring 
form  of  the  above  species  is  only  found  in  numbers  enough  to 
?ssure  the  propagation  of  the  species.  Very  manv  of  the  abun- 
dant larvae  encountered  in  the  fall  are  victims  of  parasites  and 
are  consequently  destroyed,  making  the  spring  form  vcnmlis 
less  common. 

P.  RAPAE  L.  The  Cabbage  Butterfly.  An  extremely  common 
butterfly.  Plentiful  at  all  times  throughout  the  collecting  season. 
Stray  specimens  that  have  emerged  during  the  latter  part  of 
February  and  the  first  days  of  March  have  been  observed.  It 
appears  commonly  in  April. 

NATHALTS  IOLE  Bdv.  Dwarf  Yellow.  A  common  little  yel- 
low butterfly.  Stray  specimens  can  be  taken  at  various  intervals 
during  the  spring.  It  begins  to  appear  more  commonly  during 
the  latter  part  of  July,  and  by  September,  it  is  abundant  where 
it  frequents  the  ditches  along  the  roadsides  flying  up  and  down 
in  regular  streams  in  twos  and  threes.  The  writer  has  reared 
specimens  on  Bush  Marigold,  Cosmos  and  other  allied  plants. 

ZEGRIS  OLYMPIA  Edw.  Olympian  Marble-wing.  A  single 
male  specimen  of  this  very  desirable  snecies  was  taken  on  the 
outskirts  of  the  city  early  in  April,  1932,  by  Wilson  Finken- 
binder  and  kindly  presented  to  me.  Unknown  in  this  locality 
ex'^'M)!  for  ibis  one  specimen. 

CATOPSII.IA  Krnri.E  L.  Cloudless  Sulphur.  Not  always  com- 
mon, but  it  can  usually  be  taken  in  September.  Very  swift  on 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  213 

the  wing,  scarcely  taking  the  time  to  stop  on  any  sort  of  flowers 
for  a  sip  of  nectar  unless  they  be  of  a  deep-tubed  variety. 
Nasturtiums  and  morning  glories  are  to  its  liking.  The  females 
frequent  legumes,  especially  bean  patches,  and  occasionally 
deposit  eggs. 

C.  EUBULE  PALLIDA  Ckll.  The  Pallid  Sulphur.  The  white 
form  of  the  female  of  citlndc  is  more  commonly  taken  than 
regular  yellow  forms.  Even  the  narrow  band  of  brown  on  the 
outer  margins  of  the  primaries  is  somewhat  bleached  and  pale. 

CATOPSILIA  PI-IILEA  L.  Red-barred  Sulphur.  An  excellent 
female  specimen  of  this  magnificent  species  was  recorded  in 
August  of  1932. 

C.  AGARITHK  Bdv.  The  Large  Orange  Sulphur.  A  few  years 
ago  a  single  male  of  this  species  was  taken,  and  also  one  or  two 
females,  the  latter  being  in  very  poor  condition.  A  rare  capture. 

C.  STATIRA  Cram.  Statira  Sulphur.  An  interesting  capture 
for  this  region.  Thought  to  have  been  observed  previously,  no 
actual  specimens  were  taken  until  1931.  Males  are  confused 
with  culndc  when  on  the  wing,  but  females  are  recognizable  by 
the  narrow  border  of  dark  brown  along  the  margins  of  the 
primaries  which  is  broader  and  more  regular  than  that  of 
cnbnlc.  Very  rare. 

KRICOGOXIA  LYSIUE  Godt.  Godart's  Sulphur.  Until  1931, 
about  a  half  dozen  individual  specimens  were  all  that  had  ever 
been  captured  in  this  locality.  These  specimens  were  taken  in 
the  early  spring  fluttering  around  apple  trees  which  were  in 
full  bloom.  During  the  summer  of  1931,  the  species  was  ap- 
parently common  in  some  places  and  could  usually  be  found 
about  Alfalfa  fields,  although  perfect  examples  were  hard  to 
obtain.  Many  forms,  or  varieties,  were  indicated  by  the  cap- 
tured specimens.  Females  were  most  common.  Whether  the 
insect  will  be  taken  in  any  numbers  during  1932  remains  to  be 
seen.  It  would  seem  that  a  colony  has  got  a  footing  in  this 
locality. 

XEREXE  CAESOXJA  Stoll.  Southern  I'o-'s  1  lead  Butterfly.  Xot 
taken  commonly,  but  observed  even-  year,  usually  in  August 
and  September. 

Z.  CAESOXIA  ROSA  McXeill.  The  Ko>y  Dog  Head.  Two  speci- 
mens of  this  fall  form  of  cacsonia  have  been  taken  in  late  Sep- 
tember. 


214  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

EURYMUS  EURYTHEME  Bdv.  Boisduval's  Sulphur,  Common 
Orange  Sulphur.  A  very  common  butterfly,  everywhere,  on  the 
plains  of  the  west.  Alfalfa  fields  are  literally  alive  with  the 
vivid  yellow  and  orange  of  the  teeming  swarms  of  this  beau- 
tiful butterfly. 

E.  EURYTHEME  ALBA  Stkr.  Boisduval's  White  Sulphur  Fe- 
male. The  white  female,  or  albinic,  form  of  the  above  species 
while  not  common  like  the  regular  form  nevertheless  is  plentiful. 

E.  EURYTHEME  AMPiiiDUSA  Bdv.  The  Flavid  Sulphur.  Am- 
phidusa,  the  summer  form,  is  abundant. 

E.  EURYTHEME  AMPHIDUSA  ALBA  Stkr.  This  female  form, 
considered  by  some,  separate  from  typical  albinic  curythcmc, 
also  is  fairly  plentiful. 

E.  EURYTHEME  ERiPHYLE  Edw.  The  Eriphyle  Sulphur.  A 
yellow  summer  form  of  curythcmc  which  is  common. 

E.  PHILODICE  Godt.  The  Eastern  Sulphur,  Puddle  Butterfly. 
The  "yeller"  butterfly  so  frequently  mentioned  in  poetry  and 
literature  is  seldom  taken  this  far  west,  and  the  few  specimens 
that  I  believe  to  be  true  philodicc  have  been  taken  in  the  early 
summer. 

EUREMA  MEXICANA  Bdv.  Mexican  Yellow.  The  Mexican 
Yellow  represents  only  an  occasional  visitor  to  this  region.  It 
was  plentiful  during  one  year,  when  over  100  specimens  were 
collected.  Since  that  time  it  has  only  been  observed  occasion- 
ally— usually  in  the  fall.  The  species  has  a  weak  flight  and  is 
not  all  together  easily  captured,  it  becoming  confused  and  dis- 
turbed, when  it  darts  in  a  somewhat  zig-zag  fashion  making 
it  hard  to  place  a  net  over  it. 

E.  NICIPPE  Cram.  The  Small  ( )range,  Nicippe  Yellow.  Some- 
what rare  in  this  locality  and  hard  to  get  in  perfect  condition. 
Most  specimens  have  frayed  wings  or  are  otherwise  imperfect. 

E.  EUTERPE  Men.  (Lisa  Bdv.  &  Lee.)  The  Little  Sulphur. 
Also  an  uncommon  species  and  never  taken  in  any  numbers, 
in  this  locality. 

Family  DANAIDAE. 

DANIAS  PLEXIPPUS  L.  The  Monarch.  An  abundant  butter- 
fly, especially  in  the  fall.  Tattered  examples  are  seen  passing 
north  in  April. 


xliii,    '32]  F.XTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  215 

D.  BERENICE  STRIGOSA  Bates.  Striated  Ouecn.  Not  very  com- 
mon. The  author  has  taken  a  dozen  or  more  specimens,  from 
the  month  of  July  onward  until  September.  Both  sexes  have 
been  taken,  the  female  having  been  observed  to  oviposit  on  a 
species  of  the  Milkweed  family  called  Whorled  Milkweed, 

locally. 

(To  be  continued) 


Vespa  crabro  L.  in  Pennsylvania  (Hymen.:  Vespidae). 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  readers  of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 
that  Vcspa  crabro,  the  European  hornet,  this  large  and  pretty, 
but  otherwise  not  at  all  pleasant  insect,  has  doubtless  taken  a 
foothold  in  northeastern  Pennsylvania.  In  the  fall  of  1931, 
in  September  and  October,  I  collected  a  number  of  specimens 
in  our  garden,  located  at  the  outskirt  of  the  city  of  Scranton 
in  Lackawanna  County,  where  they  were  nibbling  on  the  bark 
of  a  big  and  rather  old  lilac  bush.  I  collected  the  specimens 
on  several  sunny  days,  mostly  in  the  afternoon,  but  did  not 
lose  much  time  in  watching  them,  otherwise  I  could  have  col- 
lected many  more  specimens.  I  suppose,  that  they  must  have 
had  their  nest  somewhere  in  the  woodland  adjoining  our  prop- 
erty of  3  acres. 

According  to  Frank  E.  Lutz  (Field  Book  of  Insects,  1930), 
Comstock  (Introduction  to  Entomology,  1925),  and  Howard 
(Insect  Book,  1902),  the  species  was  accidently  introduced 
into  this  country  a  number  of  years  ago  and  occurs  only  in 
the  vicinity  of  New  York  City,  Long  Island,  Connecticut  and 
certain  parts  of  New  Jersey.  The  above  mentioned  catches 
show  evidently  that  this  insect  is  slowly  spreading  westward. 
I  do  not  know,  if  it  ever  has  been  recorded  from  Pennsylvania 
before.  MAX  ROTIIKE,  Scranton,  Pennsylvania. 

The  extension  of  V .  crabro  southward  is  shown  by  the  fol- 
lowing records.  The  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia  contains  t\v<>  specimens  from  Philadel- 
phia, one  August,  1911,  the  other  October  14,  1914,  that  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  one  from  the  campus  May  31,  1('3J, 
and  a  male  and  female  from  Mapleshade.  New  Jersey,  Septem- 
ber 20,  by  Dr.  R.  G.  Schmieder.  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  has 
seen  a  nest  at  Swarthmore,  Pennsylvania,  and  knows  of  our 
at  New  Britain,  Penna.  Two  specimens  from  Chcyney.  I'enna., 
are  before  me,  October  10,  192().  by  Mrs.  A.  S.  Calvert.  and 
September  5,  1931,  by  Air.  Joseph  Derry.  EDITOR. 


216  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

Entomological    Literature 

COMPILED  BY   LAURA    S.    MACKEY    UNDER   THE   SUPERVISION   OF 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomolog-y  of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

tS"Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  references  as 
explained  above. 

Papers   published    in    the   Entomological   News  are    not   listed. 

GENERAL.— Carpenter,  F.  M.— The  lower  permian  in- 
sects of  Kansas.  Part  5.  Psocoptera  and  additions  to  the 
Homoptera.  [16]  24:  1-22,  ill.  Felt,  E.  P.— Shade  trees 
threatened  by  insect  pests.  [76]  1932:  59-62.  Gunder,  J.  D. 

-International  nomenclature  stew.  [19]  27:  165-166,  ill. 
Imms,  A.  D. — Origin  of  insects  from  Crustacea.  [31]  130: 
95.  Jacot,  A.  P. — The  status  of  the  species  and  the  genus. 
I' 901  66:  346-364.  Janet,  C.— Obituary.  By  L.  Berland. 
[24]  101:  157-164,  ill.  Joy,  N.  H.— What  is  the  meaning 
of  a  pupa?  [21]  44:  87-88.  Matthey,  R. — Les  chromosomes 
et  la  systematique  zoologique.  [Rev.  Suisse  Zool.]  39:  229- 
McClendon,  J.  F.— Doodle-bugs  and  law-makers.  [68] 
76:  81-82.  Myers,  J.  G. — The  original  habitat  and  hosts  of 
three  major  sugar-cane  pests  of  tropical  America  ( Diatraea, 
Custnia  and  Tomaspis).  [22]  23:  257-271,  ill.  Peterson,  A. 

-Are  economic  entomologists  becoming  "Insecticide 
minded?"  [6]  40:  159-165.  Smith,  R.  C.— A  summary  of 
the  population  of  injurious  insects  in  Kansas  for  1931. 
[103]  5:  65-92,  ill.  Trouvelot,  B. — Recherches  stir  les  para- 
sites et  predateurs  attaquant  le  Doryphore  en  Amerique  du 
nord  et  envoi  en  France  des  premieres  colonies  des  especes 
les  plus  actives.  [An.  Kpiphyties,  Paris]  17:  408-445,  ill. 
Wasmann,  P.  E.— In  Memoriam.  By  H.  Schmitz.  [1011 
75:  1-57,  ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Barnes  &  Kohn- 

The  effect  of  temperature  on  the  leg  posture  and  speed  of 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XK\VS  217 

creeping  in  the  ant  Lasius.  |92|  62:  306-312,  ill.  Brug, 
S.  L. — Chitinisation  of  parasites  in  mosquitoes.  [22J  23: 
229-231,  ill.  Burgess,  E.  D. — A  comparison  of  the  alimen- 
tary canals  of  the  active  and  hibernating-  adults  of  the 
Mexican  bean  beetle  Epilachna  corrupta.  [43]  32:  249-261, 
ill.  Cameron,  A.  E. — The  rearing  of  Haematopota  pluv- 
ialis,  (Cleg,  Tabanidae)  under  controlled  experimental  con- 
ditions. [31]  130:  94-95.  Carpenter,  G.  D.  H.— Resem- 
blance of  moths  to  bird-droppings.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  Lon- 
don] 7:  22-23.  Carter,  W. — Studies  of  populations  of 
Pseudococcus  brevipes  occurring  on  pineapple  plants.  [84] 
13:  296-304,  ill.  Currie,  G.  A. — Oviposition  stimuli  of  the 
burr-seed  fly,  Euaresta  aequalis  (Trypetidae).  [22]  23:  191- 
193,  ill.  Davidson,  J. — Resistance  of  the  eggs  of  Collem- 
bola  to  drought  conditions.  [31]  129:  867,  ill.  Dixey,  F.  A. 

-The  plume-scales  of  the  Pierinae.  [36]  80:  57-75,  ill. 
Eastham,  L. — Currents  produced  by  the  gills  of  mayfly 
nymphs.  [31]  130:  58,  ill.  Eltringham,  H. — On  an  extru- 
sible  glandular  structure  in  the  abdomen  of  Mantispa  sty- 
riaca.  [36]  80:  103-105,  ill.  Fischer,  E.— Artbastarde  von 
schmetterlingen  uml  ihre  F2-und  ruckkreuzungsgenera- 
tionen.  [Vierteljahrsschrift  d.  Naturf.  Ges.  Zurich]  76: 
214-303,  ill.  v.  Frankenberg,  G. — Mehrfachbildungen  uml 
verschmelzungen  an  den  fiihlern  von  Melolontha.  [34]  99: 
87-98,  ill.  Fuller,  C. — The  thorax  and  abdomen  of  winged 
termites.  [Union  So.  Africa  Dept.  Agric.]  Ent.  Mem.  No. 
2:  49-78,  ill.  Harrison,  J.  W.  H. — The  recent  development 
of  melanism  in  the  larvae  of  certain  species  of  Lepidoptera 
with  an  account  of  its  inheritance  in  Selenia  bilunaria. 
[Pro.  R.  Soc..  London]  (B).  3:  188-200,  ill.  Haupt,  H.- 
Die  mundteile  der  Dryinidae.  [34]  99:  1-18,  ill.  Henson, 
H. — The  development  of  the  alimentary  canal  in  Pieris 
brassicae  and  the  endodermal  origin  of  the  malpighian  tu- 
bules of  insects.  [53]  75:  283-305,'  ill.  Hingston,  R.  W.  G. 

—Changes  in  the  method  of  insect  protection  at  successive 
periods  of  growth.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  7:  12-14.  Hold- 
away,  F.  G. — -An  experimental  study  of  the  growth  of  pop- 
ulations of  the  "Flour  Beetle"  Tribolium  confusum,  as 
affected  by  atmospheric  moisture.  |Ecol.  Monographs]  2: 
261-304,  ill.  Jordon,  K. — Calliper-like  appendages  in  some 
American  moths.  (Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  7:  16.  Kauf- 
mann,  O. — Einige  bemerkungen  iiber  den  einfluss  von  tem- 
peraturschwankungen  auf  die  entwicklungsdauer  uml 
streuung  hei  insekten  uml  seine  graphische  darstellung 
durch  kettenlinie  uncl  hyperbel.  [46]  25:  353-361,  ill. 
Learned,  E.  T. — An  occurrence  of  spiral  segmentation  in 


218  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct..    '32 

Apantesis  nais  (Arct.).   [6]  40:  167-180,  ill.     LeCharles,  L. 

—Anomalies  chez  des  Lepidopteres.  [25]  37:  151-152,  ill. 
Leeson,  H.  S. — The  effect  of  temperature  and  humidity 
upon  the  survival  of  certain  unfed  rat  fleas.  [Parasitology] 
24:  196-209,  ill.  Parat  &  Wou-Tseng-Cheng.— Nature  *et 
origine  des  constituants  cytoplasmiques  de  la  cellule 
sexuelle  male  de  Notonecte.  [77]  110:  543-546,  ill. 

— Schulze,  P. — Ueber  das  zustandekommen  des  zeichnungs- 
musters  und  der  schmelzfarbung  in  der  zeckengattung 
Amblyomma  nebst  bemerkuhgen  iiber  die  gliederung  des 
ixodidenkorpers.  [46]  25:  508-533.  Seifert,  B.— Anatomic 
und  biologic  des  Diplopoden  Strongylosoma  pallipes.  [46] 
25:  362-507,  ill.  Steopoe,  J. — Etude  sur  le  plasmosome  et 
les  chromosomes  sexuels  dans  la  spermatogenese  de  Nepa 
cinera  et  Naucoris  cimicoides.  (Arch.  Zool.  Exp.  et  Gen., 
Paris]  72:  577-592,  ill.  Tokunaga,  M.— Morphological  and 
biological  studies  on  a  new  marine  chironomid  fly,  Ponto- 
myia  pacifica,  from  Japan.  [Mem.  Coll.  Agric.  Kyoto  Im- 
perial Univ.]  1932:  56  pp.,  ill.  Uvarov,  B.  P. — Bioclimato- 
graph,  an  improved  method  for  analyzing  bioclimatic  rela- 
tions of  insects.  [84]  13:  309-311,  ill."  Wigglesworth,  V.  B. 

-The  function  of  the  so-called  rectal  glands  of  insects. 
[Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  7:  18.  Yeager  &  Tauber— Deter- 
mination of  total  blood  volume  in  the  cockroach,  P.  fuligi- 
nosa,  with  special  reference  to  method.  |7]  25:  315-327. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— *Badcock,  H.  D. 

— Arachnida  from  the  Paraguayan  Chaco.  [Jour.  Linn. 
Soc.,  London]  38:  1-48,  ill.  Ewing,  H.  E. — Notes  on  the 
taxonomy  of  three  economic  species  of  mites,  including  the 
description  of  a  new  species.  [95]  45:  99-101.  *Mooser,  H. 

— Ornithodorus  nicollei  spec.  nov.  [An.  Inst.  Biol.,  Mexico] 
3:  127-131.  ill.  (S). 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Carpenter, 

F.  M. — Additional  notes  on  Nearctic  Mecoptera.  [19]  27: 
149-151.  Killington,  F.  J. — On  the  male  genital  structure 
of  Psectra  diptera,  with  some  remarks  on  the  wing  vena- 
tion. [8]  68:  153-156,  ill.  *Kimmins,  D.  E.— Two  new 
Hemerobiidae.  (S).  [9]  65:  160-162,  ill.  Putman,  W.  L.- 
Chrysopids  as  a  factor  in  the  natural  control  of  the  oriental 
fruit  moth.  [4]  64:  121-126. 

HEMIPTERA. — *Ancona,  L. — Los  jumiles  de  taxco 
Atizies  taxcoensis  spec.  nov.  [An.  Inst.  Biol.,  Mexico]  3: 
149-162,  ill.  (S).  *Bruner,  S.  C.— Another  new  Pamphan- 
tus  from  Cuba  (Lygaeidae).  [19]  27:  141-144,  ill.  China, 


xliii,  '32j  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  219 

W.  E. — Recluviid  bugs  (Apiomerinae)  capturing  their  in- 
sect prey  by  means  of  adhesive  resin-covered  fore-legs. 
[Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  7:  12.  *Davis,  W.  T.— Additional 
records  of  North  American  Cicadas  with  descriptions  of 
new  species.  |6J  40:  241-264,  ill.  *Dowell,  A. — A  new 
Arytaina  (Chermidae).  [103]  5:  93-94,  ill.  *Gillette  &  Pal- 
mer—The Aphidae  of  Colorado.  Part  II.  [7]  25:  369-496, 
ill.  Hoffman,  C.  H. — The  biology  of  three  North  American 
species  of  Mesovelia  (Mesoveliidae).  [4]  64:  126-134,  ill. 
*Lawson,  P.  B. — The  genus  Tinobregmus  (Cicadellidae). 
1 7]  25:  359-365,  ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Bates,  M.— Notes  on  metamorphosis 
of  the  Brassolidae.  [19]  27:  155-163,  ill.  *Bell,  E.  L.- 
Studies  in  the  genus  Phocides  with  descriptions  of  new 
species  (Hesperiidae).  [1]  58:  169-299,  ill.  *Bell,  E.  L.- 
Notes  on  some  American  Hesperidae  and  descriptions  of 
new  species  [19]  27:  131-141,  ill.  *Clark,  A.  H.— The 
forms  of  the  common  Old  World  swallowtail  butterfly 
(Papilio  machaon)  in  North  America,  with  descriptions  of 
two  new  subspecies.  [50]  81,  Art.  11:  15  pp.,  ill.  *Clark, 
B.  P. — Descriptions  of  four  new  Sphingidae  and  notes  con- 
cerning two  others.  (S).  [N.  Eng.  Zool.  Club]  13:  39-42. 
Gabriel,  A.  G. — Catalogue  of  the  type  specimens  of  Lepi- 
doptera  Rhopalocera  in  the  Hill  Museum.  1932:  40  pp. 
Griffin,  F.  J. — An  attempt  to  determine  the  true  dates  of 
publication  of  Hewitson  (W.  C.).  Illustr.  New  Spec. 
Exot.  Butterflies,  5  Vols.  [1852-]  (1856- )  1876.  [71]  37: 
189-206.  Hoffmann,  C.  C. — Roberto  Mueller  y  su  impor- 
tancia  en  el  conocimiento  de  los  Lepidopteros  de  Mexico. 
[An.  Inst.  Biol.,  Mexico]  3:  133-148,  ill.  Jordan,  K.— Re- 
semblance between  Arctiids  and  Syntomids.  [Pro.  Ent. 
Soc.  London]  7:  16-18,  ill.  Kaye,  W.  J. — Some  butterflies 
of  the  West  Indies.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  London]  7:1.  The 
occurrence  of  Dismorphia  spio  in  Porto  Rico.  [Pro.  Ent. 
Soc.  London]  7:  2.  Macy,  R.  W. — The  occurrence  of 
Atlides  halesus  (Lycaenidae)  in  northwestern  Oregon. 
[4|  64:  144.  *Meyrick,  E. — Exotic  Microlepidoptera.  4: 
193-256.  (S).  Petersen,  W. — Die  arten  der  gattung  Swam- 
inerdamia.  [52]  N.F.  1:  197-224,  ill.  *Prout,  L.  B.— New 
genera  and  species  of  Sterrhinae  (  Fain.  Geometridae).  [71] 
37:  229-251.  (S).  Simmons  &  Ellington.— A  biography  of 
the  Angoumois  grain  moth.  [7|  25:  265-281.  Stanley, 
W.  W. — Observations  on  the  flight  of  noctuid  moths.  [7] 
25:  366-368.  Wyss,  A.  E.— Guide  to  the  butterflies  of  Cin- 
cinnati and  vicinity.  [Jr.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.J  Misc.  Publ.  No.  7: 
18  pp.,  ill. 


220  K.NTUMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |Oct.,    '32 

DIPTERA.— *Aldrich,  J.  M.— New  Diptera,  or  two- 
winged  flies,  from  America,  Asia,  and  Java,  with  additional 
notes.  [50]  81,  Art.  9:  28  pp.,  ill.  Bradley,  G.  H.— Some 
factors  associated  with  the  breeding  of  Anopheles  mosqui- 
toes. [113]  44:  381-399.  ill.  Drake  &  Decker.  Late  fall 
activity  and  spring  emergence  of  the  Hessian  fly  in  Iowa. 
[7]  25":  345-349.  ill.  Herms  &  Frost. — A  comparative  study 
of  the  egg's  of  California!!  Anophelines.  [Jour.  Parasit.]  18: 
240-244,  ill.  Hodson,  W.  E.  H.— A  comparison  of  the  lar- 
vae of  Eumerus  strigatus  and  Eumerus  tuberculatus  (Syr- 
phidae).  [22]  23:  247-249,  ill.  *Malloch,  J.  R.— Notes  on 
exotic  Diptera.  [Stylops]  1:  121-126,  ill.  *Painter,  R.  H.- 
A  review  of  the  genus  Apiocera  from  North  America 
(Apioceridae).  [7]  25:  350-357,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— Blackman,  M.  W.— The  Black  Hills 
beetle  (Dendroctonus  ponderosae).  [Bull.  N.  Y.  State  Coll. 
For.  Syracuse  Univ.]  4:  97  pp.,  ill.  ^Buchanan,  L.  L. — A 
new  barine  curculionid  injurious  to  sugar  cane  in  Louisiana 
with  synopses  of  Anacentrinus  and  Oligolochus.  [7]  25 : 
328-336,  ill.  *Chapin,  E.  A. — Revision  of  the  pleurostict 
Scarabaeidae  of  Ciiba  and  Isle  of  Pines.  [7]  25:  282-314, 
ill.  Csiki,  E. — Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  121.  Cara- 
bidae:  Harpalinae  VI.  1023-1278.  von  Dalla  Torre,  Schenk- 
ling  &  Marshall. — Coleopterorum  Catalogus.  Pars  122  and 
123.  Curculionidae :  subfam.  Hylobiinae,  Curculioninae. 
112  pp.,  46  pp.  *Fall,  H.  C.— New  North  American  Scara- 
baeidae, with  remarks  on  known  species.  [6]  40:  183-204. 
*Fall,  H.  C. — Random  notes  and  descriptions.  [19]  27:  145- 
148.  *Fisher,  W.  S. — New  West  Indian  cerambycid 
beetles.  [50]  80,  Art.  22:  93  pp.  Heymons  &  von  Lenger- 
ken. — Studien  viber  die  lebenserscheinungen  der  Silphini. 
[46]  25:  534-548,  ill.  Hinds  &  Osterberger— Sugarcane 
rootstock  weevils.  [7]  25:  337-343.  ill.  *Liebke,  M.- 
Laufkafer-Studien  X.  [26]  12:  159-162,  ill.,  cont.  (S).  *Pic, 
M. — Melanges  Exotico-Entomologiques.  Fasc.  57-59.  (S). 
*Schaeffer.  C. — Notes  and  descriptions  of  new  Cerambvci- 
dae.  [19]  27:  152-154. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bequaert,  J.— An  arboreal  nest  of 
Bombus  fervidus.  [19]  27:  151.  Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Dis- 
continuous distribution  in  bees.  [31]  130:  58-59.  Cole, 
A.  C.  Jr. — The  rebuilding  of  mounds  of  the  ant,  Pogono- 
myrmex  occidentalis.  Nests  of  the  ant,  Formica  subpolita 
in  the  western  United  States.  [43]  32:  245-246,  247-248. 
*Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W.— Four  new  North  American  species 
of  Bassus  (Braconidae)  with  notes  on  the  genotype.  [91] 
22:  329-333.  Myers,  J.  G. — Biological  observations  on  some 


xliii,    '32  |  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NK\VS  221 

neo-tropical  parasitic  Hymenoptera.  |36]  80:  121-136,  ill. 
*Pickles,  A. — Xotes  on  the  natural  enemies  of  the  sugar- 
cane frog-hopper  ( Tomaspis  saccharina)  in  Trinidad,  with 
descriptions  of  new  species.  [22]  23:  203-210,  ill.  Richards, 
O.  W. —  Leptofoenus,  a  synthetic  hymenopteron.  [Pro.  Knt. 

Sue.  London]   7:  5. 

—    •»>  — 

A  TEXTBOOK  OF  AGRICULTURAL  ENTOMOLOGY  by  KENNETH 
M.  SMITH,  D.Sc.,  Ph.D.,  Entomologist  to  the  Potato  Virus 
Research  Station.  School  of  Agriculture,  University  of  Cam- 
bridge. Cambridge,  University  Press,  1931.  Pp.  xiii,  285, 
frontispiece  and  79  figures. — Tin's  volume,  dealing  with  the  in- 
sect pests  of  farm  crops  in  Great  Britain,  is  professedly 
modeled  on  John  Curtis's  Farm  Insects  of  1860  which,  though 
''long  out  of  date,  remains  the  standard  textbook  on  agricultural 
entomology  in  the  British  Isle-.  The  Phytopathological  Serv- 
ice, which  includes  both  entomology  and  mycology,  has  divided 
Kngland  and  Wales  into  twelve  provinces,  each  with  a  collegiate 
advisory  centre  and  this  organization  is  briefly  described. 
Methods  of  insect  control  and  their  application  in  farming 
practice  are  outlined  and  there  is  an  interesting  chapter  (5 
pages)  on  the  effect  of  weather  conditions  on  insect  outbreaks. 
Ten  chapters  (233  pages)  are  devoted  to  those  insects  which 
are  of  agricultural  importance,  but  excluding  the  pests  of  fruit, 
arranged  by  taxonomic  orders.  Under  the  phytophagous 
species,  care  is  taken  to  list  both  the  cultivated  and  the  wild 
host  plants.  Evidently  the  author  (page  1)  would  have  pre- 
ferred to  illustrate  a  larger  number  of  the  insects  described  in 
the  text  than  has  been  done,  and  the  result  would  seem  to 
necessitate  the  user  of  the  book  making  reference  to  other 
works  for  such  figures.  Chapter  XIV  is  concerned  with 
insects  and  virus  diseases  of  crops,  a  subject  to  which  the 
author  has  given  special  attention.  In  Great  Britain  the  aphis 
Mycus  pcrsicac  can  transmit  no  less  than  five  virus  diseases  of 
the  potato.  A  common  solanaceous  weed,  the  black  nightshade, 
Sohtiiitin  nigrum,  is  an  almost  symptomless  carrier  of  one  or 
more  potato  viruses,  analogous  to  human  typhoid  or  diphtheria 
carriers.  Myzus  pcrsicac,  which  has  fed  on  this  nightshade, 
can  infect  healthy  potatoes  with  the  virulent  virus.  Appendices 
list  crops  and  weeds  by  families  giving  symptoms  of  insect 
attacks  and  attacking  insects.  Selected  bibliographies,  includ- 
ing references  to  American  literature,  follow  each  chapter. 
There  are  three  indices  to  this  volume  which,  though  chiefly  of 
interest  to  residents  of  I'.ritain.  includes  a  number  of  species 
found  also  in  Xorth  America. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


222  K\  TO  MO  LOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  INSECTS.  A  Key  to  the  Known  Families 
of  Insects  and  Other  Terrestrial  Arthropods.  By  CHARLES  T. 
BRUES,  Associate  Professor  of  Entomology,  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, and  A.  L.  MELANDER,  Professor  of  Biology,  College  of 
the  City  of  New  York.  Bulletin  of  the  Museum  of  Compara- 
tive Zoology  at  Harvard  College,  Vol.  LXXIII,  672  pp.,  1121 
figs.  In  paper  covers  $5.50,  in  cloth  $6.50. — The  Kc\  to  the 
Families  of  North  American  Insects  of  1915  by  the  present 
authors  (see  the  NEWS  for  May,  1915,  pp.  233-234)  has  served 
in  a  general  way  as  a  model  for  the  present  and  much  more 
ambitious  volume.  The  latter,  as  contrasted  with  the  former, 
is  world-wide,  includes  the  other  terrestrial  arthropods,  gives 
selected  lists  of  literature  under  each  order,  suborder,  or  super- 
family,  and  adds  keys  to  larval  forms  under  the  Insecta  in 
general,  Odonata,  Plectoptera,  Plecoptera,  Megaloptera,  Trich- 
optera,  Lepidoptera,  Diptera  and  Hymenoptera  (not  Coleop- 
tera).  It  goes  more  deeply  into  the  classification  than  one 
might  infer  from  the  subtitle,  first  by  restriction  of  the  extent 
of  the  families  and  the  consequent  increase  in  their  number, 
thus  the  Scarabaeidae  of,  let  us  say  Blatchley's  Colcoptera  of 
Indiana,  appear  as  nineteen  families ;  second  by  often  giving 
keys  to  subfamilies ;  and  third  by  citing  one  or  more  genera, 
with  their  general  distribution,  of  each  family  or  subfamily. 
"The  keys  aim  to  reproduce  as  accurately  as  possible  the  most 
generally  accepted  system  of  classification  of  each  group.  They 
are  necessarily  to  some  extent  heterogeneous  as  they  represent 
the  accumulated  opinions  and  revisions  of  hundreds  of  workers 
during  the  course  of  many  decades."  The  arrangement  of  the 
Hymenoptera,  Diptera  and  to  some  extent  of  the  Coleoptera 
represents,  however,  mainly  the  present  authors'  viewpoints. 
The  authors  "have  attempted  to  correct  all  such  errors  of 
orthography"  where  "a  few  incorrectly  formed  family  names 
have  been  used  .  .  .  sometimes  over  long  periods."  The  glossary 
of  special  terms  and  the  alphabetical  index  to  genera  and  higher 
groups,  features  of  the  Kc\  of  1915,  have  been  retained,  the 
latter  of  course  enormously  extended,  occupying  53j/2  pages  of 
three  columns  each.  There  is  also  a  3-page  index  of  common 
names.  It  is  questionable  whether  the  figures,  especially  of  the 
venation,  are  in  all  cases  sufficiently  labeled  to  enable  the  user 
to  correctly  interpret  the  keys  without  reference  to  more  fully 
lettered  illustrations  elsewhere.  Allusion  is  rightly  made  in 
the  preface  to  "the  tedious  process  of  preparation,"  but  the 
authors  have  produced  a  very  useful  handbook. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  \K\YS  223 

FUNDAMENTALS  OF  INSECT  LIFE.  By  C.  L.  METCALF,  M.A., 
D.Sc.,  Professor  of  Entomology  in  the  University  of  Illinois, 
and  W.  P.  FLINT,  Chief  Entomologist,  Illinois  State  Natural 
History  Survey.  McGraw-Hill  Book  Co.,  Inc.,  New  York  and 
London,  1932.'  Pp.  xi,  581.  315  figs.  $4.00.— The  first  ten 
chapters  of  this  book  hear  the  same  titles  as  do  the  first  ten 
chapters  of  an  excellent  work  by  the  same  authors,  Destructive 
and  Useful  Insects  (1928),  reviewed  in  the  XEWS  for  January, 
1929  (pages  29-31).  They  have  been  revised  and  a  number  of 
additional  illustrations  accompany  them ;  the  greatest  change 
is  in  Chapter  VIII,  The  Important  Orders  and  Families  of 
Insects,  which  is  expanded  from  59  to  182  pages.  It  is  regret- 
table that  in  their  treatment  of  the  Diptera,  the  authors  should 
have  adhered  to  Osten  Sacken's  term  tcynla  for  what  is  almost 
universally  known  as  the  squama,  especially  since  they  use 
tegula,  in  connection  with  the  Hymenoptera,  in  its  common  ap- 
plication, for  an  organ  which  is  not  homologous  with  the  squama. 
The  first  ten  chapters  occupy  438  pages  as  against  297  in  the 
earlier  book.  As  in  their  earlier  work,  the  authors  consider  the 
embryology  of  insects  "too  technical  to  attempt  to  cover  here." 
Considering  the  scope  and  detail  of  the  book  in  other  respects, 
it  is  regrettable  that  at  least  an  outline  of  embryonic  develop- 
ment is  not  included.  Knowledge  thereof  add's  so  much  to 
understanding  the  structure  of  insects,  as  in  every  other  group 
of  animals.  Of  the  remaining  three  chapters  two  deal  with 
the  biology  and  ecology  of  insects,  the  living  and  the  physico- 
chemical  environments  respectively.  The  last  (thirteenth) 
chapter  is  on  insect  behavior.  While  frequent  references  to 
literature  are  given  in  footnotes  throughout  the  volume,  there 
is  a  classified  bibliography  of  five  pages  near  the  end;  it  is 
composed  chieflv  of  textbooks,  manuals  and  compilations  and 
includes  very  few  original  memoirs.  The  index  is  of  slightly 
more  than  54  pages  of  small  type.  It  is  the  last  three  chapters 
which  positively  differentiate  this  volume  from  its  predecessor. 
(  )f  them  the  authors  say  in  their  preface:  "Neither  of  the 
authors  makes  any  claim  to  special  knowledge  of  the  field  of 
animal  ecology.  In  compiling  the  latter  chapters  of  the  book 
they  have  therefore  become  greatly  indebted  to  many  works  on 
general  and  special  phases  of  ecology,  from  which  they  have 
drawn  extensively."  A  perusal  of  these  chapters  will,  we  be- 
lieve, suffice  to  prove  that  the  authors  have  produced  a  very 
clear  and  readable  account  of  the  phenomena  thus  far  known.— 
I'.  I'.  CALVERT. 


224  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Oct.,    '32 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE  OF  THE  HEMIPTERA.  G.  Horvath,  Gen- 
eral Editor.  H.  M.  Parshley,  Managing  Editor.  Fascicle  IV 
FULGOROIDEA  Part  I  TETTIGOMETRIDAE  by  Z.  P.  METCALF, 
D.  Sc.,  North  Carolina  State  College.  Published  by  Smith  Col- 
lege, Northampton,  Mass.,  U.  S.  A.  1932.  69  pp.  $1.00.- 
"The  plan  is  to  issue  the  catalogue  of  each  family  of  the  Ful- 
goroidea,  as  recently  defined  by  Muir,  as  a  separate  part  of 
the  general  fascicle  of  the  Fulgoroidea  and  then  to  issue  a  spe- 
cial part  containing  the  bibliography  and  the  index  for  the 
whole."  As  eighteen  families  are  recognized,  fascicle  IV  will 
be  extensive.  Seventy  species  and  twelve  genera  are  attributed 
to  the  Tettigometridae,  of  which  only  one  (monotypic)  genus 
and  species,  Nototettigometra  brcddini  Muir,  occurs  in  the  New 
World  (Peru)  ;  the  others  are  Palaearctic,  Ethiopian  and  Orien- 
tal. Some  new  names  for  Old  World  varieties  are  proposed.— 
P.  P.  CALVERT. 

DICTIONARY  OF  AMERICAN  BIOGRAPHY  published  under  the 
auspices  of  American  Council  of  Learned  Societies  by  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.  Volume  IX,  June  20,  1932,  con- 
tains, among  others,  a  notice  of  George  Henry  Horn,  the  dis- 
tinguished coleopterist,  by  L.  O.  H[oward],  occupying  a  little 
more  than  one-half  page. 

Dr.  Howard  has  also  contributed  a  very  interesting  memoir 
of  Stephen  Alfred  Forbes  (1844-1930)  to  the  BIOGRAPHICAL 
MEMOIRS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NATIONAL  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES, 
Vol.  XV,  Washington,  1932. 

JOBS  FOR  THE  COLLEGE  GRADUATE  IN  SCIENCE.  By  EDWARD 
J.  v.  K.  MENGE,  Ph.D.,  Sc.D.,  Director  of  the  Dept.  of  Zoology, 
Marquette  University.  The  Bruce  Publishing  Co.,  New  York, 
Milwaukee,  Chicago.  1932.  Pp.  viii,  175.  $2.00.— This  little 
book  aims  to  provide  information  which  will  assist  the  present 
generation  of  high  school  and  college  boys  and  girls  and  their 
parents  in  learning  what  possibilities  are  offered  by  the  sciences 
and  their  applications  when  choosing  a  life-work.  In  the  in- 
troduction emphasis  is  laid  on  the  importance  of  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  fundamental  la\vs  and  principles  and  the  pros- 
pective student  is  warned  against  selecting  the  technical  and 
applied  sides  of  any  subject  to  the  exclusion  of  these.  En- 
tomology is  considered  (pages  122,  147,  155-157)  as  to  the 
points  of  view  from  which  it  may  be  studied,  the  number  of 
entomologists  in  the  United  States,  their  income,  qualifications 
and  training,  available  government  positions,  possibilities  as  con- 
sultants. The  paragraph  near  the  top  of  page  122  would  seem 
to  forget  the  good  advice  of  the  introduction  in  not  holding  out 
prospects  of  higher  grades  of  work  in  this  field. — P.  P.  CALVERT. 


Subscriptions  for  1933  now  Payable. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

NOVEMBER,  1932 

Vol.  XLIII  No.  9 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Calkins  —  The  Rhopalo^erous  Lepidoptera  of  Scott  County,  Kansas.  .  . 
Rowe—  Records  of  Tachinidae  from  Minnesota  and  other  States  (Dipt.) 
Bird  —  Platycordulia  xanthosoma  Williamson  (Odonata  :  Corduliinae). 
Gunder  —  Macrolepidoptera:   Species  and  Lower  Concepts  ....... 

Grey  —  A  Good  Butterfly  Transition  Form  (Lepid.:    Nymphalidae)  .    . 
Bird  —  The  Pigeon  Hawk  as  an  Odonatologist  ............. 

Entomological  Literature  ...................... 

Doings  of  Societies  —  The  Fifth  International  Congress  of  Entomology 
Obituary—  Sir  Ronald  Ross   ..................... 


225 
230 
234 
236 
241 
242 
243 
250 
252 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Class  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1. 

Act  of  October  3,  1917,  authorized  January   15,  1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate   Editors, 

Advisory  Committee :  Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 

The  stbscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 
United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .         .        $3.00 
Canada     .  ....          3.15 

Foreign    .  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted ;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks  (or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks)  and  also  pay 
for  the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 

The  printer  of  the  _"News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  without  covers  over  and 
above  the  twenty-five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five 
copies,  35  cents;  three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages, 
twenty-five  copies,  $1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone 
plate,  twenty-five  copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents; 
greater  numbers  of  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates.  Printed 
covers  for  50  copies,  $4.00  or  more,  according-  to  number  of  pages  bound. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLIII.  NOVEMBER,    1932  No.  9 

The  Rhopalocerous  Lepidoptera  of  Scott  County, 

Kansas. 

By  VIRGIL  F.  CALKINS,  Scott  City,  Kans. 

(Continued  from  page  215.) 

Family  SATYRIDAE. 

CERCYONIS  ALOPE  Fabr.  Blue-eyed  Grayling.  The  Grayling 
is  only  found  sparingly  over  the  county  but  is  more  plentiful  in 
the  northern  part  along  the  prairie  stream  known  as  Beaver 
Creek.  It  is  subject  to  considerable  variation. 

C.  ALOPE  TEXAXA  Eclw.  Texan  Grayling.  This  form  during 
some  seasons  seems  to  be  met  with  quite  as  commonly  as  the 
above.  It  is  much  lighter  in  color  than  alopc,  the  spots  being 
very  large  on  the  under  surface  of  the  wings,  and  the  band  a 
shade  of  ochre-yellow.  Usually  quite  large  in  wing-expanse. 

C.  ALOPE  OLYMPUS  Edw.  Olympus  Grayling.  This  form  is 
only  taken  during  some  years.  Also  has  a  wide  wing-expanse. 

C.  ALOPE  BOOPIS  Behr.  Boopis  Grayling.  This  variety, 
strangely  enough,  is  to  be  encountered  in  the  same  haunts  as 
the  Blue-eyed  Grayling,  but  is  not  at  all  common. 

Family  NYMPHALIDAE. 
Subfamily  HELICONIINAE. 

HELICONIUS  CHARITHONIA  L.  The  Zebra  Butterfly.  This  is 
perhaps  the  most  interesting,  and  unusual,  of  all  butterfly  cap- 
tures in  this  vicinity.  Only  one  specimen  has  ever  been  taken 
in  Scott  County.  Two  days  before  its  capture,  a  terrific  wind 
and  dust  storm  blew  up  from  the  southeast ;  when  this  abated 
two  days  later,  the  next  morning  the  butterfly  was  seen  fluttering 
about  a  species  of  locust  which  was  very  fragrant  with  bloom. 
The  specimen  was  worn,  indicating  that  it  had  been  blown  in 
in  the  wake  of  the  storm.  The  author  has  taken  other  species  of 
butterflies  and  moths  not  local  to  this  region  that  owed  their 
presence  to  wind  storms  which  carried  them  from  more  southern 
regions. 

225 


NOY  13 


•j  0 


226  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

DIONE  VANILLAE  iNCARNATA  Riley.  Gulf  Fritillary.  Not  a 
very  common  insect  this  far  north,  stray  specimens  having  been 
taken  from  May  to  September,  usually  after  wind  storms  from 
the  south.  It  is  interesting  to  note  the  effect  of  wind  on  the 
lepidoptera  of  this  region.  In  the  Great  Plains  Region  of  the 
middle-west,  dust  and  wind  storms  are  of  quite  frequent  occur- 
rence ;  in  fact,  much  more  common  than  rain  storms.  They 
usually  blow  up  from  the  south,  southeast,  or  southwest,  and 
are,  as  a  general  rule,  more  common  in  early  spring,  but  more 
terrific  and  destructive  in  August.  Great  clouds  of  very  fine 
loessial  dust,  fanned  by  a  brisk  wind,  haze  the  sky,  sifting  into 
homes  and  dwellings.  Owing  to  the  electrical  effects  of  such 
storms,  they  are  very  destructive  to  tender  vegetation  and  foli- 
age, scalding  and  burning  the  leaves  to  a  crisp.  After  such  a 
storm  of  any  intensity,  which  does  not  last  more  than  two  or 
three  days  in  duration,  insects  of  various  orders  may  be  taken 
in  tattered  condition,  indicating  the  struggles  they  have  had  with 
the  force  that  brought  them  northward. 

Subfamily  NYMPHALINAE. 

EUPTOIETA  CLAUDIA  Cram.  The  Variegated  Fritillary.  A 
very  common  insect  from  early  spring  unto  late  fall.  The 
author  has  observed  the  young  larvae  to  feed  on  Portulaca  and 
Passion  Vine.  In  places  where  violets  grow,  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  county,  it  is  especially  abundant. 

ARGYNNIS  IDALIA  Dru.  Regal  Fritillary.  Found  occasion- 
ally in  the  northern  part  of  the  county  along  Beaver  Creek.  But 
one  female  has  ever  been  taken.  The  insect  is  unusually  large 
hereabouts. 

A.  CYBELE  Fabr.  The  Great  Spangled  Fritillary.  The  Great 
Spangled  Fritillary  also  is  uncommon,  being  taken  sparingly  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  county  in  the  vicinity  of  Beaver  Creek, 
where  violets  grow.  Now  and  then,  a  stray  specimen  is  noticed 
in  town. 

PHYCIODES  GORGONE  Hbn.  (ismeria  Bdv.  &  Lee.)  Ismeria 
Crescent-spot.  Common  some  years  only,  usually  in  the  spring. 
In  recent  years  few  specimens  have  been  noticed. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

PHYCIODES  NYCTEIS  Dblcly.  &  Hew.  Nycteis  Crescent-spot. 
Known  only  by  a  battered  female  specimen  taken  during  the 
summer  of  1932.  The  species  should  be  common,  however. 

PH.  VESTA  Edw.  Vesta  Crescent-spot.  A  very  rare  little 
Phyciodes  in  this  region.  Very  few  specimens  have  been  taken, 
and,  while  rather  fresh  in  appearance,  it  is  probable  that  they 
were  only  strays  blown  in  after  dust  storms.  The  insect  also 
occurs  in  south  central  Kansas  in  the  vicinity  of  Harper. 

PH.  THAROS  Dru.  Pearl  Crescent.  This  very  common  little 
butterfly  plays  almost  everywhere  throughout  the  spring  and 
summer,  and  is  abundant  in  the  fall. 

PH.  THAROS  MARCIA  Edw.  Marcia  Crescent.  Merely  the 
early  spring  form  of  the  above.  Common. 

PH.  PICTA  Edw.  Painted  Crescent-spot.  A  very  beautiful 
species  of  the  Crescent-spot  group  which  is  taken  only  every 
few  years.  When  it  occurs,  it  is  usually  fairly  plentiful.  A 
very  clean-cut  little  species,  and  it  soon  becomes  worn. 

ANTHANASSA  (ERESIA)  TEXANA  Edw.  The  Texas  Eresian, 
Texas  Crescent.  A  non-local  insect  which  is  sometimes  taken 
in  the  fall  of  the  year. 

CHLOSYNE  (SYNCHLOE)  LACINIA  Dru.  Lacinia  Butterfly. 
Another  species  which  has  strayed  far  from  its  regular  range. 
Only  one  or  two  specimens  have  been  taken. 

MESTRA  (CYSTINEURA)  AMYMONE  Men.  The  Texas  Bag- 
vein).  A  very  much  prized  capture.  The  author  secured  a 
few  specimens  in  August  and  September  of  1931,  and  others 
have  been  noticed.  The  insect  has  a  very  peculiar  method  of 
flight. 

POLYGONIA  INTERROGATIONS  Fabr.  Violet-tip  Butterfly, 
Question  Sign.  Is  found  commonly  almost  everywhere. 

P.  INTERROGATIONS  FABRicn  Edw.  This  form  is  also  com- 
mon, especially  in  September.  By  looking  for  a  tree  from  which 
sap  is  oozing,  one  can  usually  gather  a.  number  of  specimens  of 
this  fine  butterfly.  B.  interrogationis  is  becoming  a  pest  in  some 
prairie  regions  where  its  larvae  feed  on  Chinese  Elms  com- 
pletely defoliating  small  trees. 

P.  COMMA  Harris.  The  Comma  Butterfly.  Scarce,  and  sel- 
dom taken. 


228  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

• 

P.  COMMA  DRYAS  Edw.  This,  as  the  above,  is  also  scarce.  An 
occasional  specimen  is  sometimes  picked  up  in  late  September 
or  October. 

P.  PROGNE  Cram.  Currant  Angle-wing.  Very  rare,  but  one 
specimen  having  been  taken.  Possibly  a  visitor  from  more 
northern  localities. 

AGLAIS  ANTIOPA  L.  The  Mourning  Cloak.  The  handsome 
Mourning  Cloak  should  be  a  rather  common  insect  in  prairie 
regions,  but  it  is  apparently  not  the  case.  Fresh  specimens, 
from  caterpillars  having  fed  on  Poplar,  have  been  taken  in  the 
city.  It  is  more  common  in  the  vicinity  of  the  creek  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  county  where  willows  are  to  be  found. 

VANESSA  ATALANTA  L.  The  Red  Admiral.  A  very  common 
insect  where  its  food-plant  is  abundant. 

V.  VIRGINIENSIS  Dru.  (hunt era  Fabr.)  Virginia  Lady,  Hun- 
ter's Butterfly.  While  not  as  common  as  the  Red  Admiral,  it  is 
plentiful. 

V.  CARDUI  L.  The  Painted  Lady,  Thistle  Butterfly.  Abun- 
dant because  of  the  widespread  distribution  of  its  food  plant. 

JUNONIA  COENIA  Hubn.  Buckeye  Butterfly.  The  pretty  Buck- 
eye is  scarce  in  this  region. 

BASILARCHIA  ARCHIPPUS  Cram,  (dlssipus  Godt.)  The  Vice- 
roy. A  few  specimens  of  the  Viceroy  Butterfly  are  taken 
throughout  the  county,  but  it  is  more  common  along  Beaver 
Creek  where  its  food  plant,  Willow,  is  to  be  found. 

CHLORIPPE  CELTIS  Bdv.  &  Lee.  Hackberry  Butterfly.  Hack- 
berry  butterflies  are  not  as  common  as  they  should  be  in  a 
prairie  region.  Taken  fairly  commonly  along  the  creek  where 
hackberry  trees  are  to  be  found. 

CH.  CELTIS  ANTONIA  Edw.  Antoiiia  Hackberry  Butterfly. 
Rare.  But  few  specimens  have  been  taken.  It  flies  in  com- 
pany with  ccltis. 

CH.  CELTIS  MONTIS  Edw.  Mountain  Emperor.  This  form  of 
ccltis  represents,  I  believe,  a  wind-blown  butterfly  coming  from 
the  southwest.  Only  a  small  number  of  specimens  have  been 
taken. 

CH.  CLYTON  Bdv.  &  Lee.  Tawny  Emperor.  The  Tawny  Em- 
peror also  flies  in  company  with  the  other  Hackberry  butterflies 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  but  is  not  commonly  taken. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  229 

ANAEA  ANDRIA  Scud.  Goatweed  Emperor,  Goatweed  Butter- 
fly. The  striking  and  beautiful  Goatweed  Butterfly  is  abundant 
in  late  fall.  Very  few  specimens  are  ever  noticed  in  the  spring 
or  summer  save  those  which  have  hibernated.  It  begins  to  ap- 
pear in  September  and  flies  until  late  October.  The  Goatweed 
Butterfly  is  a  very  interesting  butterfly ;  one  notices  it  sailing 
high  in  the  sky,  with  outspread  wings,  floating  something  after 
the  manner  of  a  hawk,  and  when  it  happens  to  spy  a  bit  of 
decayed  fruit,  or  a  garbage  container,  down  it  comes  post  haste 
and  it  has  its  favorite  feast.  Decayed  water  melon  rinds  are 
an  excellent  bait  and  the  author  has  taken  scores  of  specimens 
by  using  this  fruit.  The  creatures  become  so  absorbed  in  the 
sweet  fruit  that,  by  careful  approach,  very  many  of  them  may 
be  taken.  As  many  as  eight  or  ten  specimens  have  been  cap- 
tured simultaneously  on  one  water  melon  rind. 

A.  MORRISONI  Edw.  Morrison's  Goatweed.  This  unusual  but- 
terfly also  represents  a  wind  blown  species  in  this  locality.  It 
flies  with  andria  and  but  three  or  four  individual  specimens  have 
been  taken,  and  they  in  very  poor  condition.  Very  rare,  and  a 
possibility  only  after  a  southwestern  wind. 

Family  LIBYTHEIDAE. 

LIBYTHEA  BACHMANNI  Kirt.  The  Snout  Butterfly.  Not  un- 
common in  favorable  localities ;  where  Hackberry  trees  grow  it 
is  fairly  plentiful,  but  it  seems  to  be  a  hard  species  to  get  in 
perfectly  fresh  condition.  It  is  a  very  pugnacious  little  butter- 
fly. Male  specimens  have  been  observed  sitting  on  branches  of 
twigs  of  small  trees,  and  whenever  any  other  butterfly  passed 
by,  out  they  would  dart  and  give  merry  chase  to  the  trespasser. 

L.  CARINENTA  Cram.  Carinenta  Snout  Butterfly.  I  have  taken 
numerous  specimens  of  the  Snout  Butterfly  that  is  called  by 
some  authorities,  carinenta,  but  upon  which  other  authorities 
disagree.  At  any  rate  very  light-colored  specimens  of  the  Snout 
Butterfly  are  not  uncommon,  whether  they  be  a  species,  or 
merely  a  form  or  race  of  bachinanni. 

L.  CARINENTA  LARVATA  Stkr.  Larvata  Snout.  A  female  spec- 
imen or  two  of  the  Snout  Butterfly  which  has  been  called 
larrufa,  has  been  captured. 

(To  be  continued.) 


230  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

Records  of  Tachinidae  from  Minnesota  and  Other 

States  (Diptera).* 

By  JOHN  ALLEN  ROWE. 

Some  time  ago  a  large  number  of  Tachinidae  were  sent  to 
me  by  the  University  of  Minnesota  for  identification.  The  fol- 
lowing list  includes  locality  records'  not  only  for  Minnesota,  but 
for  other  States  based  on  specimens  included  in  the  collection. 

In  most  cases,  the  species  were  represented  by  a  generous 
series,  specimens  of  which  are  in  the  collections  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Minnesota  at  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  Utah  at  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

CISTOGASTER  occiDUA  Walk.  MINNESOTA  :  Washington 
County,  July  8,  1910;  Ramsey  County,  August  5,  1922  (A. 
Hertig);  Ft.  Snelling,  August  3,  1923  (H.  H.  Knight).  NEW 
YORK:  Batavia,  July  8,  1913  (H.  H.  Knight). 

GYMNOSOMA  FULIGINOSA  Desv.  MONTANA:  Butte,  August 
4,  1921  (F.  M.  Sallee)  ;  Scot  County,  August  25,  1925  (A.  A. 
Nichol).  MINNESOTA:  Marshall  County,  July  28,  1910;  Ram- 
sey County,  July  13,  1910;  Rock  County,  June  24,  1910;  Chi- 
cago County,  July  15,  1911 ;  Anoka  County,  July  3,  1924  (C.  E. 
Mickell).  NORTH  DAKOTA:  Trail  County,  July  4,  1923  (A.  A. 
Nichol). 

ELIOZETA  FLAVA  Tns.  MINNESOTA  :  Scot  County,  Dunes 
near  Jordan,  August  1,  1922  (W.  E.  Hoffman)  ;  Anoka  County, 
Fridley  Sand  Dunes,  August  8,  1922  (A.  T.  Hertig). 

ALOPHORA  FUMOSA  Coq.  NORTH  DAKOTA:  Trail  County, 
August  4,  1923  (A.  A.  Nichol).  MINNESOTA:  Marshall 
County,  July  28,  1910. 

TRICHOPODA  CILIPES  Wied.  FLORIDA:  Orland,  May  21,  1925 
(O.  C.  McBride). 

T.  PENNIPES  Fab.  TEXAS:  Eastland  County,  April  29,  1921 
(Grace  O.  Wiley). 

MYIOPHASIA  NIGRIFRONS  Tns.  MINNESOTA:  Taylors  Falls 
August  5,  1925  (S.  Kepperly)  ;  Norman  County,  August  28, 
1923  (A.  A.  Nichol). 

CRYPTOMEIGENIA  SIMPLEX  Curr.  MINNESOTA  :  St.  Anthony, 
[une  2,  1921  (W.  E.  Hoffman)  ;  Newport,  May  12,  1922  (C.  E. 
Mickel)  ;  Etter,  May  18,  1930  (Leslie  Bergren). 

C.  spf  MINNESOTA:  Hennepin  County,  poplar  woods,  May 
25,  1922  (A.  A.  Nichol)  ;  North  Branch,  August  6,  1922  (W. 
E.  Hoffman). 

*  Contribution  from  the  Zoological  Laboratory  of  the  University  of 
Utah. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  231 

ADMONTIA  RETIXIAE  Coq.  MINNESOTA:  St.  Anthony  Pk., 
Baptism  Creek,  Lake  County  (W.  E.  Hoffman). 

CLAUSICELLA  TARSALIS  Coq.  MINNESOTA:  St.  Paul.  May  25, 
1926  (S.  Kepperley);  St.  Anthony  Pk.,  September  6,  1921 
(H.  H.  Knight). 

POLIDEA  AREOS  Walk.  MINNESOTA:  "Willow  River,  August 
7,  1922  (W.  E.  Hoffman)  ;  Two  Harbors,  August  20,  1920 
(H.  H.  Knight).  NEW  YORK:  Batavia,  September  8,  1914 
(H.  H.  Knight).  VIRGINIA:  Ft.  Humphreys,  September  16, 
1928  (C.  E.  Alickel). 

LEUCOSTOMA  ATRA  Tns.  MINNESOTA  :  Norman  County,  Sep- 
tember 13,  1922  (A.  A.  Nichol).  NEW  YORK:  Batavia,  August 
1,  1913  (H.  H.  Knight). 

LINNAEMYIA  COMPTA  Fall.  MINNESOTA  :  Lake  City,  July  7, 
1921  (P.  L.  Keene)  ;  St.  Anthony  Pk.,  August,  1911;  Breed- 
ing Cage  No.  1012;  Minneapolis,  July  5,  1922  (H.  Hertig)  ; 
Clear  River,  July  16,  1925  (C.  B.  Philip).  NEBRASKA:  Lin- 
coln, June  30,  1925  (C.  E.  Mickel). 

L.  HAEMORRHOIDALIS  F.  MINNESOTA:  Warroad,  Julv  16, 
1925  (C.  B.  Philip). 

EXORISTA  RUSTICA  Fall.  MINNESOTA:  North  Branch,  Aug- 
ust 6,  1922  (W.  E.  Hoffman). 

E.  EUFITCHIAE  Tns.  MINNESOTA:  Anoka  County  Fridley 
Sand  Dunes,  July  21,  1922  (C.  E.  Mickel). 

MASICERA  XYLOTA  Curr.  MINNESOTA:  St.  Paul,  near  Fish 
Hatchery,  July  24,  1922  (W.  H.  Hoffman)  ;  St.  Anthony  Pk., 
June  6,  1923  (H.  H.  Knight).  MONTANA:  Butte,  August  4, 
1921  (F.  M.  Sallee). 

TACHINA  ROBUSTA  Tns.  MINNESOTA:  St.  Anthony  Pk., 
June  2,  1921  (W.  E.  Hoffman)  ;  Hennepin,  poplar  woods,  May 
25,  1922  (W.  E.  Hoffman)  ;  Ramsey  County,  University  Farm, 
June  6,  1925  (C.  B.  Philip)  ;  Ft.  Snelling,  April  19,  1921  (R.  N. 
Chapman).  NEBRASKA:  Halsey,  September  1,  1924  (R.  W. 
Dawson). 

T.  VARIATA  Curr.  MINNESOTA:  Slayton,  April  26,  1926 
(C.  E.  Mickel)  ;  Etter,  May  18,  1930  (Leslie  Bergren)  ;  Hen- 
nepin County,  May  21,  1925  (C.  B.  Philip).  NEBRASKA:  Hal- 
sey, April  11,  1925  (R.  W.  Dawson). 

WINTHEMIA  MILITARIS  Wulsh.    MINNESOTA:     Jordan,  San- 
darea,  July  13,   1923    (A.  T.  Hertig);  Breeding  cage  record, 
probably  of  the  University  of  Minnesota:  Nos    1419a    14111') 
1471a,  1394B,  141  la. 

W.  SP.  Many  records  from  MASSACHUSETTS,  NEW  YORK, 
and  MINNESOTA. 

PARADIDYMA  SINGULARIS  Tns.  KANSAS:  1922  (W.  E.  Hoff- 
man). CALIFORNIA.  MJNXKSOTA:  Elkhorn  Creek.  CuHton 
County,  August  18,  1920  (H.  H.  Knight)  ;  St.  Paul,  August 


232  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

31,    1926    (S.   Kepperley);   Cramer,  August   10,   1922    (H.  E. 
Hoffman). 

GONIA  CARINATA  Tot.  COLORADO:  Filigree  Pk.,  August  17, 
1926  (R.  W.  Dawson). 

G.  EXUL  Will.  NEBRASKA:  Halsey,  August  29,  1924  (R.  W. 
Dawson). 

G.  FRONTOSA  Say.    Many  localities. 

G.  LONGIFORCEPS  Tot.  NEBRASKA:  Halsy,  August  14,  1925 
(R.  W.  Dawson).  MINNESOTA:  Anoka  County,  June  30,  1923 
(H.  H.  Knight). 

G.  SAGAX  Tns.  MINNESOTA:  Hennepin  County,  May  21, 
1925  (C.  B.  Philip). 

CHAETOGAEDIA  ANALIS  v.  d.  W.  MINNESOTA  :  Norman 
County,  September  13,  1922  (A.  A.  Nichol). 

PELETERIA  CLARA  Curr.  NEBRASKA  :  Halsey,  September  3, 
1924  (R.  W.  Dawson). 

P.  CAMPESTRIS  Curr.  COLORADO:  Pingree  Pk.,  August  7, 
1922  (W.  E.  Hoffman).  CALIFORNIA:  Mondoe  County  (J. 
Hornton).  TEXAS:  El  Paso  County,  July  7,  1921  (Grace  O. 
Wiley). 

P.  ITERANS  Walk.  MINNESOTA  :  Ft.  Snelling,  Hennepin 
County,  Anoka  County,  St.  Anthony  Pk.,  Norman  County, 
Rock  Creek,  Chicago  County,  Holt  County. 

P.  spf  Female.     Many  localities 

ARCHYTAS  APICIFERA  Walk.  MINNESOTA  :  St.  Anthony,  Sep- 
tember 19,  1928;  Hennepin  County,  August,  1926  (J.  E.  Hill)  ; 
Clarkfield,  August  16,  1930  (Leslie  Bergren)  ;  Koochiching 
County,  August  20,  1910;  Lesueur  County.  NEW  YORK: 
Batavia,  July  31,  1913  (H.  H.  Knight)  ;  Portage,  August  9, 
1914  (H.  H.  Knight).  NORTH  DAKOTA:  Trail  County,  Aug- 
ust 4,  1923  (A.  A.  Nichol). 

A.  ATERRIMA  Desv.  MINNESOTA  :  Warroad,  July  16,  1925 
(C.  B.  Philip)  ;  Olmsted  County,  September  5,  1904  (C.  N. 
Ainslie).  Koochiching  County,  August  17,  1923  (A.  A. 
Nichol);  Lake  City,  July  7,  1921  (P.  L.  Keene).  VIRGINIA: 
Ft.  Humphreys,  September  16,  1928  (C.  E.  Mickel). 
NEBRASKA:  Halsey,  August  15,  1925  (R.  W.  Dawson). 

A.  FLORIDENSIS  Tns.  MINNESOTA  :  Clear  River,  July  16, 
1925,.  (C.  B.  Philip). 

A.  NIVALIS  Curr.  MINNESOTA:  Easton,  July  18,  1924  (C.  E. 
Mickfcl)  ;  St.  Anthony  Pk. ;  Norman  County,  September  13, 
1922  ^A.  A.  Nichol);  Faribault,  June  20,  1922  (W.  E.  Hoff- 
man) ;  v.noka  County,  Moores  Lake,  August  3,  1924  (C.  B. 
Philip). 

A.  PILOSA  Drury.  MINNESOTA  :  St.  Paul,  August  12,  1924 
(R.  W.  Dawson)  ;  Minneapolis,  June  29,  1930  (Leslie  Ber- 
gren). 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  233 

FABRICIELLA  MONTANA  Tns.  MINNESOTA:  Tower  City, 
August  27,  1920  (H.  H.  Knight);  Itasca  Pk.,  July  24,  1914; 
Cook  County,  July  20,  1926  (L.  W.  Orr)  ;  Salol,  April  15, 

1925  (C.  B.  Philip). 

F.  SPINOSA  Tot.  UTAH  :  Emery  County,  August  10,  1921 
(Grace  O.  Wiley). 

F.  LATIANULUM  Tot.    OREGON:   Corvallis,  July  6,  1890. 

F.  ALGENS  Wied.  MINNESOTA  :  St.  Louis  County,  August 
27,  1910;  Hennepin  County,  June  7,  1910;  Baptism  Creek,  Aug- 
ust 21,  1920  (H.  H.  Knight)  ;  Cramer,  August  10,  1922  (W.  K. 
Hoffman)  ;Itasca  Pk.,  July  20,  1914;  Beltrami  County,  August 
2,  1910;  Clear  River,  July  17,  1925;  Chicago  County,  July  15, 
1911;  Salol,  April  15,  1925  (C.  B.  Philip).  NEW  YORK: 
Batavia,  July  11,  1913  (H.  H.  Knight).  OREGON:  Corvallis, 
June  5,  1898.  COLORADO:  Pingree  Pk.,  August  20,  1926  (R.  W. 
Dawson). 

EPALPUS  SIGNIFER  Walk.  MINNESOTA  :  Hennepin  County, 
May  21,  1925  (C.  B.  Philip). 

HYSTRICIA  ABRUPTA  Wied.  WASHINGTON  :  Seattle,  July, 
1922.  MINNESOTA:  Warroad,  July  16,  1925  (C.  B.  Philip). 
PENNSYLVANIA:  Allegheney,  June  20,  1890. 

PARADEJEANIA  RUTILIOIDEA  Jaen.  CALIFORNIA:  Wildwood 
Canyon,  September  8,  1928  (M.  Froiland). 

JURINIA    METALLICA   DeSV.     VIRGINIA. 

Species  Not  Included  in  the  Aldrich  Catalogue  of  1905: 
BUCENTES   CRISTATA   F.     MINNESOTA  :     St.    Paul,   May  25, 

1926  (S.  Kepperley)  ;  Norman  County,  June  4,   1923   (A.  A. 
Nichol);  Hennepin   County,   May  27/1922    (A.   A.   Nichol)  ; 
Lake  County,  Caribou  Creek,  August  10,   1922   (W.  E.  Hoff- 
man ) . 

CYLINDROMYIA  ARGENTIA  Tns.  MINNESOTA  :  Anoka,  Frid- 
ley  Sand  Dunes,  June  30,  1922  (Hertig)  ;  Divide  County,  July 
20,  1921  (F.  M.  Sailes)  ;  Owatomna,  June  25,  1931  '(  P"  L 
Keene)  ;  Winona  County,  July  1,  1922  (H.  H.  Knight).  NEW 
YORK:  Batavia,  July  13,  1914  (H.  H.  Knight).  WYOMING: 
Norman.  NEBRASKA:  Halsey,  August  31,  1924  (R.  W.  Daw- 
son  ) . 

C.  EUCHENOR  Walk.  MINNESOTA:  Ft.  Snelling  Julv  28 
1922  (A.  A.  Nichol)  ;  Lake  City,  July  6,  1921  (P.  L.  Keei.e)  j 
Norman  County,  June  29,  1922  (A.  A.  Nichol)  ;  St.  Anthony 
Pk.,  July  9,  1921  (W.  P.  Hoffman).  NORTH  DAKOTA:  frail 
County,  August  4,  1923  (A.  A.  Nichol).  NEBRASKA-  K'lsev 
August  29,  1924  (R.  W.  Dawson). 

DORYPHOROPHAGA      DORYPIIORAE      Riley.       MINNESOTA  '        St 

Anthony  Pk.,  July  9,  1923  (H.  H.  Knight). 

ERYCIA  RUTILA  Mg.    NEBRASKA:    Halsev,  August  13    1925 
(R.  W.  Dawson). 


234  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |  Nov.,   '32 

E.  VARIFRONS?  MINNESOTA:  Ramsey  County,  August  24, 
1922  (Clayton  Johnson).  In  too  poor  condition  for  deter- 
mination. 

MERICIA  AMPELUS  Walk.  MINNESOTA:  Norman  County, 
November  22,  1923  (A.  A.  Nichol).  COLORADO:  Pingree  Pk., 
August  20,  1926  (R.  W.  Dawson). 

PHROSINELLA  FULVICORNIS  Coq.  NEBRASKA:  Halsey,  Aug- 
ust 30,  1924  (R.  W.  Dawson). 

SPATHIDEXIA  DUNNINGI  Coq.  NEBRASKA  :  Halsey,  August 
13,  1925  (R.  W.  Dawson). 

STEVENIOPSIS  SINUATA  Tns.  COLORADO:  Pingree  Pk.,  Aug- 
ust 26,  1926  (R.  W.  Dawson). 

WAGNERIA  VERNATA  West.  MINNESOTA  :  Lesueur  County, 
near  fish  hatchery,  Septemher  13,  1923;  Grand  Marais,  Aug- 
ust 13,  1922  (W.  E.  Hoffman). 

ZENILLIA  FUTILIS  O.  S.  MINNESOTA:  Norman  County, 
August  5,  1923  (A.  A.  Nichol).  NEBRASKA:  Halsey,  August 
29,  1924  (R.  W.  Dawson).  MONTANA:  Missoula,  summer, 
1925  (Ray  Knudson). 

Z.  VALENS  Aid.  MINNESOTA  :  Two  Harbors,  August  9,  1922 
(H.  H.  Knight);  St.  Paul,  June  12,  1926  (S.  Kepperley)  ; 
Minneapolis,  July  5,  1922  (A.  Hertig).  NEBRASKA:  Halsey, 
August  14,  1925  (R.  W.  Dawson). 


Platycordulia  xanthosoma  Williamson  (Odonata: 

Corduliinae). 

By  RALPH  D.  BIRD,  University  of  Oklahoma,  Norman,  Okla.1 

This  dragonfly  was  first  described  by  Williamson  ('08)  from 
two  males  taken  by  him  on  the  Poteau  River  near  Wistar,  Okla- 
homa. The  female  remained  unknown  until  1919,  when  it  was 
described  by  Kennedy 2  from  two  specimens,  the  type  from 
Chautauqua  Co.,  and  a  paratype  from  Miami  Co.,  Kansas. 
These  counties  are  both  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  state. 
Since  then  a  male  was  taken  at  Tuskahoma,  Oklahoma,  July  16, 
1925,  by  A.  I.  Ortenburger,  a  male  at  Gore,  Sequoyah  County, 
Oklahoma,  July  10,  1929,  a  male  at  Oil  Springs,  Johnston 
( '.unity,  (  >kluhoma,  April  29,  1929,  by  R.  D.  Bird,  and  a  female 
and  two  males  on  Mountain  Fork  River  near  Broken  Bow, 

1  Dept.  of  Zoology,  Contribution  No.  109. 

~  Kennedy,  C.  H.  1919.  Studies  in  Kansas  Insects  :  The  Dragonfies  of 
Kansas.  Univ.  of  Kansas  Biol.  Series,  Vol.  XVIII,  No.  1.  Bull.  No.  11, 
Dept.  of  Ent. 


Xliii,  '32]  KXTO.M*  (LOGICAL    NEWS 

Oklahoma,  by  Earl  Pritchard,  June  12,  1930.  These  were  the 
only  records  known  to  me  until  I  found  it  in  great  numbers  on 
Cunneo  Tubby  Creek,  near  Wilburton,  Oklahoma,  in  June, 
1931.  The  reason  for  the  scarcity  of  this  species  in  collections 
appears  to  be  the  fact  that,  unlike  most  Odonata,  it  is  crepus- 
cular. It  undoubtedly  occurs  in  similar  habitats  in  Arkansas 
and  Missouri. 

Cunneo  Tubby  Creek  in  the  section  most  abundantly  in- 
habited by  .vanthosonm  is  a  small  sluggish  stream  with  muddy 
bottom  and  heavily  wooded  banks.  A  few  specimens  were 
taken  in  shady  places  during  the  day,  but  these  flew  only  when 
flushed  and  might  otherwise  have  been  overlooked.  They  did 
not  appear  in  flight  until  the  dusk  of  evening  started  to  close. 
Then  both  sexes  were  present  everywhere  about  the  edges  of 
the  pools,  usually  flying  at  a  height  of  1  to  3  feet  over  the 
water  close  to  shore.  They  followed  more  or  less  regular  beats, 
frequently  hovering  in  little  bays,  and  except  for  the  failing 
light  were  not  at  all  difficult  to  capture.  Occasionally  two  males 
would  chase  each  other  round  and  round  in  short  circles,  gradu- 
ally getting  higher  and  higher  and  then  separate,  but  generally 
they  were  sociable  and  several  would  be  seen  flying  close  to- 
gether. Some  flew  back  and  forth  over  willows  bordering  the 
stream  where  midges  were  swarming.  Although  careful  watch 
was  kept,  no  ovipositing  females  were  seen.  One  tandem  pair 
was  observed  on  June  23.  Many  exuvae  were  collected  about 
the  edges  of  the  pool  in  the  hopes  of  finding  the  yet  unknown 
nymph  but  they  proved  to  be  mostly  DromogompJms  spinosus 
which  was  also  very  common  there. 

On  July  10,  Mr.  Wilton  Fisher  observed  a  female  ovipositing 
at  6:30  p.m.  She  was  near  the  ford  on  Cunneo  Tubby  Creek 
where  I  had  seen  such  large  numbers  of  this  species.  He  says 
in  his  notes.  "She  was  alone,  hovering  about  18  inches  over 
a  small  quiet  pool.  She  would  dip  down,  tap  the  water  with 
the  tip  of  her  abdomen,  rise  to  the  same  height,  move  forward 
about  two  feet  and  repeat  the  operation.  When  she  neared  the 
bank  she  would  fly  back  and  work  across  the  pool  in  a  similar 
manner.  She  dipped  25-30  times  before  flying  away.  Later 
she  returned  and  was  captured." 


236  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

Macrolepidoptera  :  Species  and  Lower  Concepts. 

By  J.  D.  GUNDER,  Pasadena,  California. 
(Continued  from  page  175) 

THE  TERM  FORM. 

The  term  "form"  makes  a  very  useful  category  and  is  often 
employed  by  listers  to  hold  a  seemingly  doubtful  name  or  a 
name  which  is  little  understood  and  which  might  otherwise  be 
placed  in  the  synonymy.    Also  this  concept  provides  the  first 
step  or  position  above  transition  forms  for  groups  which  have 
been  found  to  become  numerous  enough  to  "graduate".     For 
example,  tr.f.  sinepunctata  Comst.  of  G.  bchri  oust  rails  Grin. 
This  variation  is  sufficiently  recurrent  and  should  be  listed  as  a 
form,  as  in  recently  discovered  localities,  it  is  as  plentiful  as 
typicals.    Another   well-known   example  of   a   named   form   is 
Aglais  inilbcrtl  siibpallida  Ckll.  which  is  found  everywhere  in 
the  west,  perhaps  more  abundantly  in  some  regions,  but  every- 
where as  a  matter  of  fact.     Form  is  also  a  convenient  term  to 
designate  examples  which  connect  or  show  relationship  between 
species  and  races  or  between  races  and  races.     Names  have  a 
real  value  in  such  instances  whether  the  form  connects  extant 
or  extinct  species  or  divergent  entities  in  process  of  formation. 
Some  butterfly  groups,   more  often  certain  tropical   denizens, 
have  a  wider  range  of   consistent  variation  within  their  kind 
than  others.    This  wider  range  of  specific  character  deviation 
seems   indicative   and   can   be  noticed   within   any    fairly   long 
series,  but  sometimes  authors  are  apt  to  pick  out  a  specimen  or 
two   and    consider    that    the    seeming    dissimilarity    requires    a 
name;  however,  such  separations  may  mean  little  under  a  new 
title  as   the   old   title   probably   covered   such   fluctuations,   the 
author,   of    course,   not   realizing   the   confines   of    the   normal 
range.     I  use  the  word  fluctuation  in  the  sense  that  it  indicates 
neither  progressive  nor  retrogressive  change  in  the  species  such 
as  temperate  zone  transition  forms  obviously  induce  for  their 
species.    Take  Hcliconiits  uiclpoincnc,  for  example,  or  the  eye 
colors  of  Drosophila  melanogaster,  it  would  do  little  good  and 
be  a  present-day  waste  of  space  to  have  a  lot  of  form  names 
(that  is  what  they  would  be)  applied  to  these.     I  say  "present 


xliii,   '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

day"  because  if  named  just  now  without  objective  research  pos- 
sibilities being  cited,  such  names  would  be  offered  simply  for 
the  sake  of  naming.  Our  Junonla  cocnia  Him.  has  colored  eye- 
spots  and  upper  as  well  as  under  side  shadings  which  vary,  the 
eye-spot  colors,  for  example,  corresponding  to  the  various  simi- 
lar ground  colors  which  one  finds  on  the  under  sides  of  the 
secondaries  in  different  specimens,  to  wit :  red,  orange,  yellow, 
blue,  green,  etc.  Fortunately  no  one  has  applied  color  form 
names  to  these  as  yet,  there  being  no  particular  research  prob- 
lem evolved  for  them  warranting  such  application.  In  Europe 
many  different  names  have  often  been  given  to  a  single  variable 
species.  Perhaps  many  of  these  "idle  names",  or  at  least  a 
portion,  can  be  saved  under  the  term  form;  certainly  that  is 
the  only  hope  for  many  of  them. 

Form  is  a  term  which  indicates  that  the  described  variation 
occurs  in  both  sexes.  (We  have  the  category  of  sexual  forms, 
when  needed,  for  those  of  either  sex  alone.)  It  would  be  an 
incongruity  then  to  have  a  female  form  (f.  9  ),  for  example, 
of  a  form  (f.),  as  either  would  be  of  their  parentage  instead 
of  each  other.  Likewise,  it  is  impossible  to  have  a  transition 
form  (tr.f.)  of  a  female  form  (f.  $  )  as  stated  on  page  171  in 
the  July  installment  of  this  article.  Transition  forms  are  not 
sex-limited  ;  in  other  words  the  same  melanifusism,  for  example, 
ample,  occurs  in  both  sexes,  as  well  as  in  varying  sexes  of  the 
same  species  or  race  as  the  case  may  be. 

In  the  first  section  of  this  article  (July  number),  on  the 
lower  half  of  page  170,  I  deplored  the  pernicious  use  of  classi- 
fication terms,  especially  those  of  form  and  race.  If  authors 
are  "hard  up"  for  expressive  phrases  to  designate  groups  with- 
out involving  themselves  in  classificatory  discussions,  it  is  sug- 
gested they  make  use  of  any  of  the  following  expressions;  i.e., 
"This  group—-",  "That  colony-  -",  "Those  southern  ex- 
amples—-", "My  series  from—-",  "Our  specimens  of--",  "This 
regional  group—-",  "That  western  distribution—-",  "This  cen- 
tral American  division—-",  "Those  variations  of--",  etc.  The 
use  of  these  or  similar  grammatical  combinations  in  plain  or 
scientific  text  oft-times  save  distortion  of  definite  terms  in  the 
minds  of  student  readers  and  incidentally  saves  the  author  the 


238  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

necessity  of  definite  classification  or  of  uncertain  classification. 
We  must  try  to  preserve  classification  terms  by  conserving 
them.  By  giving  a  little  thought  to  the  matter,  this  is  easy  to  do. 

THE  TERM  SEASONAL  FORM. 

I  believe  there  is  no  great  necessity  for  more  than  two  sub- 
divisions in  this  section.  Some  seasonal  forms  are  in  reality 
little  more  than  races  in  neighboring  regions.  In  this  connec- 
tion the  question  of  type  locality  is  important  and  opens  up  a 
chance  for  further  investigation.  A  named  seasonal  form 
should  have  the  same,  or  nearly  the  same,  type  locality  as  its 
parental  stock.  Oft-times  older  authors  disregarded  this  rule, 
especially  when  dealing  with  western  United  States  material 
and  hence  brought  on  our  present  difficulties  in  categorical  rela- 
tionships. Future  revisers  will  have  to  pay  more  rigid  atten- 
tion to  type  localities,  rather  than  to  asserted  seasonal  periods, 
if  we  are  to  improve  certain  strained  classifications  and  lead 
the  way  out  of  a  rather  obvious  congestion  which  exists  at 
present.  I  refer  to  the  Ascia  as  listed  in  the  1926  Diurnal 
Check  List.  In  America  we  should  not  countenance  the  Euro- 
pean tendency  to  name  seasonal  forms  merely  because  they  are 
seasonal  forms.  Names  in  this  group  should  be  based  only  on 
variation  which  is  unquestionably  divergent. 

THE  TERM  SEXUAL  FORM. 

The  listing  of  the  white  females  or  yellow  females,  as  the 
case  may  be,  of  Eurymus  under  the  term  "ab."  has  been  a  big 
taxonomic  mistake  for  many  years.  Of  course  only  precedent 
has  been  followed  by  our  cataloguers,  but  it  has  been  a  confus- 
ing source  of  error  and  the  time  is  ripe  for  this  much  needed 
correction.  All  these  Eurymus  should  come  under  the  sexual 
forms  with  the  sign — f.  $  .  Note  the  location  on  the  classifica- 
tion chart  (Plate  VII,  July  number)  of  the  sexual  forms,  as 
being  just  above  that  of  the  Change  of  Color  division  in  the 
transition  forms ;  a  logical  and  natural  position  which  I  hope 
is  noted.  In  Change  of  Color  transition  forms  both  sexes 
always  show  the  same  color  modification,  so  these  female 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

Eurymus,  representing  only  the  one  sex,  cannot  consistently 
come  tinder  that  heading.  Their  males  do  not  record  color 
change.  In  other  words,  these  female  Enrymns  are  sex-limited 
as  to  color  change  and  therefore  are  sexual  forms  in  reality; 
whereas  transition  forms  are  not  sex-limited,  both  sexes  being 
equally  capable.  It  is  thoroughly  advisable  to  have  handy  refer- 
ence names  applied  to  these  sexual  forms  as  there  is  so  much 
future  work  to  be  accomplished  relative  to  showing  why  certain 
species  have  white  females  commonly  with  few  yellow  females, 
wrhile  others  have  yellow  females  and  few  if  any  white  repre- 
sentatives, etc.  Where  there  is  a  recognized  problem,  there  is 
always  need  of  meritorious  names  and  the  Enrymus,  including 
others,  present  an  excellent,  though  far  from  the  most  im- 
portant, example  of  this  need. 

Professional  taxonomists  of  repute,  who  list  lepidoptera  con- 
tinually, never  suggest  less  naming  because  of  "over-work", 
but  always  encourage  more  and  better  naming  if  for  additional 
comprehension.  It  is  only  amateur  taxonomists,  reaching  their 
point  of  inability,  who  betray  their  predicament  by  voicing  the 
"over-worked",  "over-burdened"  and  "swamped"  idea.  The 
psychology  of  such  appeals  is  the  attempted  conversion  of  others 
to  their  own  rather  low  level  of  perplexity.  Fortunately  for 
entomological  pursuit,  all  of  us  do  not  care  to  regress,  so  we 
are  not  deceived  by  propaganda  advising  restoration  of  some 
old  methods  against  a  continued  renaissance  through  newer 
standards  of  progress.  The  tendency  to  belittle  naming  has 
always  been  prevalent  among  a  small  though  restricted  group 
of  entomologists  schooled  to  dogged  conservatism.  Acquies- 
cence in  such  a  principle  is  taxonomically  easy  because  it  fol- 
lows the  path  of  least  resistance.  The  attitude  of  these  workers 
is  often  due  directly  to  misapprehension  through  lack  of  study 
material,  although  it  is  sometimes  due  to  an  underestimation  of 
modern  research  necessity.  Those  who  complain  about  names 
of  lower  concepts  should  remember  that  consideration  of  lower 
concepts  focuses  attention  and  concentrates  study  on  variation. 
By  recognizing  variation  through  varietal  names  and  through 
tentative  classification  thereof,  we  aid  in  the  determination  of 
causes.  The  final  analysis  of  cause  would  be  retarded  or  be 


240  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,   '32 

made  impossible  if  we  did  not  sum  up  effect  (which  is  through 
classification)  in  a  simplified  manner  (which  is  by  names).  It 
seems  that  every  so  often  it  is  necessary  to  remind  a  rising 
entomological  generation  of  the  reason  for  names,  why  they 
are  advisable,  why  they  are  given,  etc.  I  list  a  few  of  the 
more  important  reasons  as  follows : 

First.  Without  names,  effect  would  be  lost  in  a  maze  of  scat- 
tered and  generalized  literature  without  a  "handle"  to  recognize 
it  by  or  a  "handle"  to  remember  it  by. 

Second.  Without  names,  illustrated  literature,  of  scientific 
nature  would  be  under  a  great  handicap  for  simplified  explan- 
ation. 

Third.  Without  names,  the  initiative  of  discovery  and  the 
"glory"  thereof  is  destroyed  for  the  amateur  and  typical  col- 
lector and  nine-tenths  of  new  descriptions  are  based  on  their 
finds.  (Many  of  my  readers  should  appreciate  this  point.) 

Fourth.  Without  names,  definite  description  would  be  impos- 
sible, for  writers  never  describe  accurately  except  when  nam- 
ing ;  and  lower  concept  names,  more  than  others,  are  based  on 
special,  not  ordinary,  description. 

Fifth.  Without  names,  there  would  be  no  types  and  these 
ARE  THE  REAL  basis  of  conception.  Types,  by  the  way,  are  the 
only  units  being  really  preserved  to  posterity.  (See  the  valu- 
able paper  by  C.  E.  Mickel  in  the  June,  1930,  issue  of  Psyche, 
entitled,  "Descriptions  plus  Types  vs.  Descriptions  alone".) 

I  might  add  that  without  names,  entomological  workers  would 
not  spend  their  time  and  money  simply  to  "collect  variants  .  .  . 
figure  them  and  publish  data  on  them  .  .  .  just  for  the  gene- 
ticists", as  has  been  suggested.  This  is  one  of  those  truly  hope- 
less and  impracticable  ideas  which  has  appeared  in  print  in  con- 
nection with  anti-naming  propagandism.  It  is  hard  enough  to 
get  authors  to  illustrate  their  own  types  at  time  of  original 
description  when  the  incentive  is  strongest  to  do  so,  much  less 
expect  the  general  entomological  public  to  collect  and  figure 
just  for  the  geneticists.  (See  page  327,  December,  1930, 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS, 

(To  be  continued.) 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  241 

A  Good  Butterfly  Transition  Form  (Lepid. :  Nymphalidae). 

The  question  of  the  origin  of  abberant  forms  of  Lepidoptera 
is  one  that  has  come  in  for  much  discussion  during  the  past 
few  years,  and  much  classificational  ink  has  been  spilled  in 
attempts  to  clear  the  matter.  Unfortunately,  many  good  au- 
thorities feel,  the  nomenclature  has  been  so  muddled  by  the 
naming  of  so  many  "races",  "transition  forms",  etc.,  ad 
nauseam,  that  the  whole  matter  has  become  a  bone  of  conten- 
tion, until  American  Lepidopterists  almost  resemble  two  armed 
camps,  and  one  wonders  if  the  original  question  has  not  been 
lost  sight  of  in  the  struggle. 

I  am  rather  a  humble  member  of  the  army  of  those  who 
derive  pleasure  from  prying  into  the  insect  life  surrounding 
us,  and  therefore  my  views  may  not  be  strictly  scientific, 
being  those  of  a  field  collector  rather  than  of  a  trained  stu- 
dent. However,  erroneous  as  any  opinion  of  mine  may  be, 
may  I  state  that  as  I  see  the  matter  it  is  in  this  light : — Are 
these  "transition  forms"  produced  by  environment,  climatic 
changes,  and  circumstance,  or  are  the  factors  for  their  produc- 
tion carried  in  the  racial  stock  as  Mendelian  recessives,  heritable 
and  cropping  out  at  intervals?  The  former  view  would  indi- 
cate that  many,  many  names  now  on  check-lists  should  be 
treated  as  synonyms,  inasmuch  as  a  true  "sport,"  the  product 
of  shifting  whims  of  the  elements,  should  not  and  cannot  be 
included  in  any  scientific  attempt  at  classification. 

However,  I  cannot  incline  to  such  a  view,  in  many  cases. 
Perhaps  there  are  a  good  number  of  atypical  specimens  that 
cannot  be  treated  in  any  other  way,  in  fact  my  disgust  of  the 
tribe  of  "splitters"  is  just  as  profound  as  it  is  of  anyone  who 
has  attempted  to  sail  with  the  veering  winds  of  recent  nomen- 
clatorial  changes.  But  we  know  that  many  transition  forms  are 
valid  and  reoccuring,  persisting  in  uniformity,  even  when  taken 
from  widely  separated  localities.  How  can  such  be  explained, 
except  in  the  light  of  Mendelian  inheritance?  And  such  forms 
should  be  treated  as  such,  and  given  names  to  mark  them  off 
from  the  typical,  should  they  not? 

Here  is  a  case  in  point,  from  my  own  collecting  experience, 
one  so  clear-cut  and  unmistakable  that  I  consider  it  worthy  of 
record  :— 

During  the  season  of  1929  I  took  two  male  specimens  of 
Euphydryas  phaeton  strcckcrl,  Klsw.,  in  a  swale  near  the  Pen- 
obscot  River,  about  a  mile  above  Lincoln,  Maine.  In  looks  they 
matched  strcckcri  as  shown  by  Mr.  J.  D.  Gander,  on  plate  B, 
in  the  November,  1927,  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  being  rather 
far  advanced  in  melanifusism.  Next  year  (1930)  I  took  four 


242  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

more  of  the  same,  the  specimens  being  almost  identical  with 
those  of  the  preceding  year,  and  last  summer  (1931)  I  took 
another  of  them,  and  saw  more,  all  being  very  similar  in  the 
amount  of  black. 

Now,  here  are  seven  in  a  row,  taken  during  three  seasons, 
in  a  place  no  larger  than  an  average  dooryard.  The  reader 
may  draw  his  own  conclusions,  but  I  shall  believe  the  name 
streckeri,  Elsw.,  well  given,  and  from  this  experience  shall  be- 
lieve that  in  this  case  the  true  explanation  lies  in  the  inheri- 
tance of  recessive  factors  in  the  racial  stock,  and  apparently 
the  dark  strain  is  well  established  in  this  particular  colony. 

L.  P.  GREY,  Lincoln,  Maine. 


The  Pigeon  Hawk  as  an  Odonatologist. 

On  September  13,  1930,  I  shot  a  pigeon  hawk,  Falco  colum- 
barins  colnmbarins  (identified  by  Oberholser),  near  Birtle, 
Manitoba.  At  the  time  the  bird  was  flying  over  a  wheat  field, 
but  there  were  several  sloughs  at  no  great  distance,  and  dragon- 
flies,  Sympctrum  danac,  S.  costifcmm,  and  Acshna  intcrrnpta 
were  common. 

I  was  surprised  on  examining  the  contents  of  the  crop  and 
stomach  of  the  hawk  to  find  its  food  consisted  entirely  of 
dragonflies.  The  following  species  were  identified : 

Sympctrum  dauac  Sulzer :  7  females,  1  male. 
Sympctrum  costifcruui   Hagen :   1   female. 
AcsJuia  intcrrnpta  Walker:  3  males. 

The  Sympetrums  had  been  swallowed  whole,  but  the  Aeshnas 
had  the  wings  missing  and  had  apparently  been  torn  apart 
before  being  swallowed. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  other  hawks  feed  on  the 
larger  Odonata  at  the  times  of  their  abundance. f 

Another  interesting  observation  on  Sywipetrum  costifcrnin 
as  a  food  of  birds  was  made  at  Vernon,  B.  C.,  on  August  12, 
1931.  This  insect  was  emerging  from  a  small  marshy  pond  in 
large  numbers  and  as  the  tenerals  fluttered  feebly  in  the  grass 
they  were  at  once  pounced  upon  by  a  kingbird  and  four  cedar 
waxwings  which  were  sitting  on  telephone  wires  close  by.— 
RALPH  D.  BIRD,  University  of  Oklahoma,  Norman,  Oklahoma.* 

*  Department  of  Zoology,  Contribution  No.   108. 

[t  References  to  hawks  feeding  on  Odonata  in  North  and  South  Amer- 
ica and  Europe  are  summarized  in  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  XX :  205 
(1893).  Further  records  are  given  by  R.  Martin  in  Revue  Francaise 
d'Ornithologie  No.  12,  April,  1910,  No.  21,  Jan.,  1911,  and  No.  26, 
June,  1911.— Editor.'] 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  243 

Entomological    Literati-ire 

COMPILED  BY   LAURA   S.    MACKEY    UNDER   THE   SUPERVISION   OF 

E.   T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  pap'-r 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
pur  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  *  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  Washington.  Also.  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

It f  Note  the  change  in  the  method  of  citing  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Papers  published    in    the   Entomological   Neivs  are   not    listed. 

GENERAL.— Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Collecting-  bees  in  the 
Belgian    Congo.    [15]    32:    399-407,    ill.      Eisentraut,    M.- 
Biologische  stuclien  im  bolivianischen  Chaco.   [Sitz.  Gesell. 
Naturf.  Freuncle  Berlin]   1931:  167-192.     Forbes,  W.  T.  M. 

-How  old  are  the  Lepidoptera.  [90]  452-460.  Fricke  & 
Sizer.— Radiographs  of  insects.  [31]  130:  436-437,  ill.  John- 
son, Charles  Willison.— Obituary  by  J.  A.  G.  Rehn.  [68] 
76:  226-227.  Oberholser,  H.  C. — American  scientific  or- 
ganizations call  for  stability  of  rules  of  zoological  nomen- 
clature. [68]  76:  121.  Pritchard,  A.  L. — Taxonomic  and 
life  history  studies  of  the  Ciscoes  of  Lake  Ontario.  [Univ. 
Toronto  Stud.  Biol.  Ser.]  41  :  78  pp.,  ill.  [Contains  lists  of 
insects  found  in  stomachs  of  these  fishes.]  Pruthi,  H.  S.— 
Colonisation  of  the  sea  by  insects.  [31]  130:  312.  Reich,  P. 

-Durch  bananentransporte  eingeschleppte  Arthropod  en. 
[Mitt.  Dent.  Ent.  Gesell.]  2:  146-149.  Scheerpeltz,  O.- 
Hohleninsekten  und  ihre  erforschung.  [Der  Naturf..  Ber- 
lin.] 9:  129-134.  Scheerpeltz,  O. — Eine  neue  Beleuchtung- 
seinrichtung  fiir  Stereo-mikroskope  vom  Greenough-Typus. 
[Mitt.  Deut.  Ent.  Gesell.]  3:  53-57,  ill.  da  Silva  Tavares, 
J. — Um  novo  caso  de  Trofobiose.  [Bol.  Acad.  Cien.  Lisbon] 
3:  727-731.  Stiles  &  Stanley. — Key-catalogue  of  parasite^ 
reported  for  Insectivora  (Moles.  Shrews,  etc.)  with  their 
possible  public  health  importance.  |  Xat.  Inst.  Health, 
Wash.]  Bull.  159:  791-911.  Strand,  E.— Nochmals :  NFomen- 
klatur  und  ethik.  Miscellanea  nomenclatorica  zoologica  et 
palaeontologica.  [Fol.  Zool.  Hydrob.  Riga]  4:  103-133;  133- 


244  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

147.     Thienemann,  A. — Die  tierwelt  der  Nepenthes-kannen. 
[Archiv  fiir   Hydrobiol.,   Stuttgart]    11,    (Suppl.)  :    1-54,   ill. 

ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY,  ETC.— Ahrens,  W.- 
Ueber  die  beziehungen  zwischen  Karyoplasma,  Zytoplas- 
ma,  Deutoplasma  im  reifenden  Arthropodenei  (nach  unter- 
suchungen  an  Termes  redemanni).  [Jenaische  Zeit.]  67: 
516-534,  ill.  Boselli,  F.  B. — Istinti  materni  del  Sehirus  sex- 
maculatus  (Cydnidae).  [23]  26:  1-8,  ill.  Brocher,  F. — Le 
mecanisme  de  la  respiration  et  celui  de  la  circulation  du 
sang  chez  les  insectes.  [Arch.  Zool.  Exp.  Gen.]  74:  25-32, 
ill.  Cockayne,  E.  A. — A  new  explanation  of  the  genetics 
of  sex-limited  inheritance  in  butterflies.  [9]  65:  169-176. 
Cowan,  F.  A. — A  study  of  fertility  in  the  blowfly,  Phormia 
regina.  [43]  32:  389-392.  Drake, "Tate  &  Harris.— Prelimi- 
nary experiments  with  aphids  as  vectors  of  yellow  dwarf. 
[Iowa  St.  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.]  6:  347-355,  ill.  Feuerborn,  H.  J. 

-Die  Psychodide  Maruina  indica  sp.  n.  und  ihre  beziehung 
zu  den  Blepharoceriden.  [Archiv  fiir  Hydrobiol.,  Stuttgart] 
11,  (Suppl.):  55-128,  ill.  Franssen,  C".  J.  H. — Microscop- 
ische  preparaten  van  chitineuze  lichaamsdeelen  van  in- 
secten.  [Natuurhist.  Maandblad]  21:  99-102.  Gillett  and 
Wigglesworth. — The  climbing  organ  of  an  insect,  Rhodnius 
prolixus.  [Proc.  R.  Soc.  Lond.]  Ill  (B)  :  364-376,  ill.  Goss- 
wald,  K. — Oekologische  studien  iiber  die  ameisenfauna  des 
mittleren  Maingebietes.  [94]  142:  1-156.  Hiestand,  W.  A. 

-Progressive  paralysis  of  the  nervous  system  of  house 
flies  by  formaldehyde  and  anesthetics.  [Pro.  Indiana  Acad. 
Sci.]  41 :  433-437.  Hiestand,  W.  A. — A  comparison  of  the 
metabolic  rates  of  various  insects  as  determined  by  carbon 
dioxide  output.  [Pro.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.]  41:  441-444.  Him- 
mer,  A. — Die  temperaturverhaltnisse  bei  den  sozialen  Hy- 
menopteren.  [Biol.  Rev.  &  Biol.  Pro.  Cambridge  Phil.  Soc.] 
7:  224-253,  ill.  Jucci,  C. — Sulla  presenza  di  batteriociti  nel 
tessuto  adiposo  dei  Termitidi.  [Arch.  Zool.  Ital.]  16:  1422- 
1429.  Kaburaki  &  Kurihara. — On  the  effect  of  light  on  the 
mating  of  the  rice  borer,  Chilo  simplex.  [Pro.  Imp.  Acad., 
Tokyo]  8:  324-327,  ill.  Koch,  A. — Ueber  die  symbiose  von 
Oryzaephilus  surinamensis.  [Arch.  Zool.  Ital.]  16:  1430- 
1436.  Koch,  C. — Der  nachweis  des  chitins  in  tierischen 
skeletsubstanzen.  [46]  25 :  730-756.  de  Lerrna,  B. — Osser- 
vazioni  sui  corpora  allata  del  Grillotalpa.  [Arch.  Zool.  Ital.] 
17:  417-433,  ill.  Lutz,  F.  E. — Experiments  with  Orthop- 
tera  concerning  diurnal  rhythm.  [40]  550,  24  pp.,  ill.  Mac- 
Bride  &  Harrison. — The  inheritance  of  acquired  characters. 

[31]  130:  128-129.  Marcu,  O.— Zur  kenntnis  stridulation- 
sorgane  der  Hymenopterengattung  Mutilla.  [34]  100:  47- 


xllii,   '32]  KXTOMOLdCICAL    NEWS  245 

48,  ill.  Martini,  E. — Parasitismus  in  der  zoologie.  [Arch. 
Zool.  Ital.J  16:  1299-1314.  Mellanby,  K.— The  effect  of 
atmospheric  humidity  on  the  metabolism  of  the  fasting- 
mealworm.  [Proc.  R.  Soc.  Loncl.]  Ill  (B)  :  376-390.  Nowi- 
koff,  M. — Ueber  den  ban  der  komplexaugen  von  Periplan- 
eta  (Stylopyga)  orientalis.  [Jenaische  Zeit.]  67:  58-69,  ill. 
Patterson,  J.  T. — A  method  for  mounting  specimens  of 
drosophila  on  microscopic  slides.  [68]  76:  258.  Ries,  E.— 
Die  symbiose  der  Pedictiliden  und  Mallophagen.  [Arch. 
Zool.  Ital.]  16:  1408-1421.  Saez,  F.  A.— Variacion  numer- 
ica  en  correlacion  con  la  existencia  de  Cromosomas  multi- 
ples en  "Aleuas  vitticollis"  (Acrididae).  [Rev.  Mus.  La 
Plata]  33:  189-193,  ill.  Scheffler,  H.— Beobachtungen  und 
versuche  zur  okologie  der  Trichopterenlarven.  [94]  142: 
157-190,  ill.  Shun,  A.  F.— Clonal  differences  and  clonal 
changes  in  the  aphid  Macrosiphum  solanifolii.  [90]  66:  385- 
419.  Stammer,  H.  J. — Die  bakteriensymbiose  der  Dona- 
ciinen  (Chrysomelidae).  [Arch.  Zool.  Ital.]  16:  1397-1407. 
Surber  &  Meehean. — Lethal  concentrations  of  Arsenic  for 
certain  aqviatic  organisms.  [Trans.  Am.  Fish.  Soc.]  1931 : 
225-239,  ill.  Szalay,  L. — Missbildung  bei  einer  Hydracar- 
ine.  [34]  334-336;  ill.  Tate  and  Vincent. — Influence  of  light 
on  the  gorging  of  Culex  pipiens.  [31]  130:  366-367.  Thorpe, 
W.  H. — Petroleum  bacteria  and  the  nutrition  of  Psilopa 
petrolei.  [31]  130:  437.  Uhlmann,  E. — Instinkt  und  ent- 
wicklung.  Unter  besonderer  beriicksichtigung  des  bauin- 
stinkts  der  Trichopterenlarven.  [Jenaische  Zeit.]  67:  571- 
588,  ill.  Unwin,  E.  E. — On  the  structure  of  the  respiratory 
organs  of  the  terrestrial  Isopoda.  [Pap.  &  Pro.  R.  Soc. 
Tasmania]  1931:  37-104,  ill.  Vayssiere,  M.  P. — Observa- 
tions experimentales  sur  le  Criquet  pelerin  (Schistocera 
gregaria).  [69]  195:  94-96.  Walczuch,  A. — Studien  an  coc- 
cidensymbionten.  [46]  25 :  623-729,  ill.  Whiting  &  Ander- 
son.— Temperature  and  other  factors  concerned  in  male 
biparentalism  in  Habrobracon.  [90]  66:  420-432.  Wladi- 
mirow  &  Smirnov — Experimente  an  wasserinsekten,  die 
sich  von  Culicidenlarven  ernahren.  [34]  99:  192-206,  ill. 
Yeager,  Shull  &  Farrar. — On  the  coagulation  of  blood  from 
the  cockroach,  Periplaneta  orientalis,  with  special  reference 
to  blood  smears.  |  Iowa  St.  Coll.  Jour.  Sci.|  6:  325-345,  ill. 
Zavrel,  J. — Praemandibeln  einiger  Dipterenlarven.  [Arch. 
Zool.  Ital.]  16:  1000-1004. 

ARACHNIDA    AND     MYRIOPODA.— Bequaert,    J.- 

On  the  ornate  nymphs  of  the  tick  genus  Amblyomma  (Ac- 
arina:  Ixodidae).  [Z.f.  Parasitenkunde]  4:  776-783,  ill. 
Elliott,  F.  R. — Revision  of  and  additions  to  the  list  of 


246  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

Araneae  (spiders)  of  Indiana.  [Pro.  Indiana  Acad.  Sci.] 
41 :  419-430.  Marshall,  R. — Preliminary  list  of  the  Hydra- 
carina  of  Wisconsin.  [Trans.  Wisconsin  Acad.  Sci.  A.  &  L.] 
27:  339-356,  ill.  Mello-Leitao — Dois  novos  escorpioes  do 
Brasil.  [32]  7:  283-285.  Roewer,  C.  F.— Bronns  Klassen  u. 
Ordn.  Tier-reichs.  Bd.  5,  Abt.  4,  Solifuga,  Palpigrada,  p.  1- 
160,  ill.  *Schenkel,  E. — Notizen  tiber  einige  Scorpione  und 
Solifugen.  [Rev.  Suisse  Zool.]  39:  375-396.  (S.)  *Silvestri, 
F. — A  new  and  extraordinary  genus  of  the  diplopod  family, 
Polydesmidae,  from  British  Guiana.  [40]  564:  12  pp.,  ill. 
Worley,  L.  G. — The  spiders  of  Washington  with  special 
reference  to  those  of  the  San  Juan  Islands.  [Univ.  Wash- 
ington Pub.  Biol.]  1 :  63  pp. 

THE    SMALLER    ORDERS    OF    INSECTS.— Falken- 

han,  H. — Biologische  beobachtungen  an  Sminthurides  aqua- 
ticus  (Collembola).  [94]    141:  525-580,  ill.     *Mills,  H.  B.- 
New  and  rare  North  American  Collembola.  [Iowa  St.  Coll. 
Jour.   Sci.]    6:   263-276,   ill.      Montgomery,    E. — Records   of 
Indiana   dragonflies,    VI,    1931.    [Pro.    Indiana   Acad.    Sci.] 
41 :   449-454.      Miinchberg,   P. — Beitrage    zur   kenntnis    der 
biologic  der  Libellenunterfamilie  der  Cordulinae.  [Int.  Rev. 
d.  ges.  Hydr.  u.  Hyclr.]  27:  265-302,  ill.    *Navas,  R.  P.  L.- 
Decadas   de  insectos   nuevos.   21.    [Broteria]    108-119.    (S.) 
*Snyder,  T.  E. — Two  new  termites  from  Costa  Rica.    [10] 
34:  98-100,  ill.     ^Williamson,  E.  B.— Two  new  species  of 
Stylurus  (Gomphinae).  [Occ.  Pap.  Mus.  Zool.  Univ.  Mich.] 
1932,  No.  247:  18  pp.,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA.— Beall,  G.— The  life  history  and  be- 
havior of  the  European  earwig,  Forficula  auricularia  in 
British  Columbia.  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  Brit.  Col.]  29:  28-43,  ill. 
Caudell,  A.  N. — Description  of  the  male  of  Paratylotropidia 
beutenmuelleri.  [10]  34:  86-87,  ill.  *de  Miranda  Ribeiro,  P. 
-Os  Dermapteros  do  Museu  Nacional.  [32]  7:  289-294, 
ill.  (S.)  Sherman,  F. — Data  on  captures  of  the  grasshopper 
Paratylotropidia  beutenmuelleri  (Acrididae).  [10]  34:  85- 
86. 

HEMIPTERA.— *DeLong,  D.  M.— Further  studies  of 
the  genus  Empoasca  (Cicadellidae).  [43]  32:  393-401,  ill. 
Hase,  A. — Beobachtungen  an  venezolanischen  Triatoma- 
arten,  sowie  zur  allgemeinen  kenntnis  der  familie  der 
Triatomidae  (Heteropt.).  [Z.f.  Parasitenkunde]  4:  585- 
652,  ill.  Jordan,  K.  H.  C. — Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  eier 
und  larven  von  Aradiden.  [89]  63:  281-299,  ill.  Knowl- 
ton,  G.  F. — Notes  on  Utah  Hemiptera.  [4]  64:  166-167. 
Lindinger,  L. — Die  synonymic  von  Walkers  Cocciden. 


xliii,  '32 1  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  247 

[Mitt.  Dent.  Ent.  Gesell.]  3:  26-27.  *Oman,  P.  W.— Two 
new  species  of  Laevicephalus  from  California.  [10]  34:  90- 
92,  ill.  Schmidt,  E. — Verzeichnis  cler  von  Herrn  Kotzbauer 
in  der  umgebung  von  Rio  de  Janeiro-Nictheruy  (Brasilien) 
gesammelten  Homopteren.  [60]  93:  55-57.  *Schmidt,  E.— 
Neue  und  bekannte  zikadengattungen  und  arten  der  neuen. 
[60]  93:  35-54.  *Tissot,  A.  N. — Six  new  aphids  from  Flor- 
ida with  description  of  the  sexual  forms  of  another  species. 
1 39]  16:  13  pp.,  ill.  Walley,  G.  S. — A  second  report  on 
Hemiptera  from  the  north  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence. [4]  64:  152-155. 

LEPIDOPTERA.— Aue,  A.  U.  E.— Handbuch  fiir  den 
praktischen  Entomologen.  Lepidoptera.  Band  IV.  168 
pp.  AvinofT,  A. — Affinites  zoogeographiques  dans  la  fa  line 
des  Rhopaloceres  de  1'Amerique  du  Nord  et  la  region  pale- 
arctique.  [Compte  Rendu  Som.  Sea.  Soc.  Biogeog.]  9:51. 
*Bell,  E.  L. — Hesperidae  (Rhopalocera)  of  the  Roraima 
Duida  Expeditions,  with  descriptions  of  new  species.  [40] 
555 :  16  pp.,  ill.  *Benjamin,  F.  H. — A  new  genus  and  species 
of  Phalaenidae  from  California.  [38]  31 :  27-29.  New  Phal- 
aenidae  from  the  southwestern  part  of  the  United  States. 
[38]  31 :  29-32.  *Busck,  A. — Polyortha  mollinediella  sp.n. 
fBol.  Biol.,  R.d.  Janeiro]  Fas.  21:  43-44,  ill.  Comstock  & 
Dammers. — Metamorphoses  of  five  California  diurnals.  [38] 
31 :  33-45,  ill.  *Costa  Lima,  A. — Um  novo  lepidoptero  he- 
terocero  (Pyralidoidea :  Thyrididae).  [Bol.  Biol.,  R.d.  Jan- 
eiro] Fas.  21 :  53-57,  ill.  Griffin,  F.  J.— The  true  dates  of 
publications  of  "Encyclopedic  Entomologique,  Serie  B.  III. 
Lepidoptera,  Vols.  1-3".  [75]  10:  152.  *Hering,  M.— Be- 
merkungen  zur  gattung  Catagramma.  [Mitt.  Deut.  Ent. 
Gesell.]  3:  83-87,  ill.  *Rothschild,  L. — On  Opsiphanes  or- 
getorix  and  orgetorix  magnalis.  [75]  10:  200.  (S.)  Seitz, 
A. — Erinnerungen  an  Sphingiden.  [17]  49:  155-159. 
*Stichel,  H. — Beitrage  zur  kenntnis  der  Riodinidenfauna 
Siidamerikas.  [11]  1929:  199-208.  Turner,  H.  J.— The  basis 
of  the  classification  of  the  British  plume  moths  (Ptero- 
phorina).  [Pro.  So.  London  Ent.  &  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  1931- 
32:  27-32,  ill. 

DIPTERA. — Bequaert,  J. — The  Nemestrinidae  in  the  V. 
v.  Rcxler  Collection.  [34]  100:  13-33,  ill.  *Curran,  C.  H.- 
New  species  of  Trypaneidae,  with  key  to  the  Xorth  Ameri- 
can genera.  [40]  "556:  19  pp.,  ill.  *Curran,  C.  H.— New 
species  of  Calobatidae  from  British  Guiana.  [40]  559:  4  pp. 
*Dettmer,  H. — Beschreibung  einiger  siidamerikanischer  ar- 
ten der  gattung  Xyalophora.  [Broteria]  2X :  120-143,  ill. 


248  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

Graham,   K. — Variations   within   the   species   of  the  neme- 
strinid  fly  Rhyncocephalus  sackeni.  [4]  64:  167-168.    *Hall, 

D.  G. — A  new  biting  Culicoides  from   saltmarshes  in   the 
southeastern  states.   [10]   34:  88-89,  ill.     *Hearle,  E.— The 
blackflies  of  British  Columbia  (Simulidae).  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc. 
Brit.  Col.]  29:  5-19,  ill.     Hicks,  E.  P. — A  simple  apparatus 
for  breeding  fleas.    [An.  Trop.  Med.  Parasit.]   26:   147-148, 
ill.     *James,  M.  T. — New  Stratiomyidae  in   the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History.    [40]    571 :  7  pp.,  ill.     Lopfs, 
H.   de   S.- — Sobre   dois   paratipos   de   Townsend   do   Museu 
Paulista.    (Sarcophagidae).    [Bol.   Biol.,   R.d.  Janeiro]    Fas. 
21 :  45-52,  ill.    Martelli,  G.  M.— Note  di  biologia  sulla  "Rha- 
goletis  cerasi"  (Trypaneidae).   [23]  26:  20-45.     *Parent,  O. 

-Especes  nouvelles  du  genre  Sympycnus.  Provenant  de 
I'Amerique  du  Sud  et  conservees  au  Museum  de  Dresde. 
[59]  6,  (B):  41-70,  ill.  *Philip,  C.  B.— The  Tabanidae 
(Horseflies)  of  Minnesota,  with  special  reference  to  their 
biologies  and  taxonomy.  [Univ.  Minn.  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.] 
1931 :  132  pp.,  ill.  *Seguy,  E. — Etudes  sur  les  Anthomyi- 
des.  Un  Coenosia  nouveau  de  1'Amerique  equatoriale.  [59] 
6,  (B)  :  144,  ill.  Spencer,  G.  J. — Further  notes  on  Rhyn- 
cocephalus sackeni  (Nemestrinidae).  [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  Brit. 
Col.]  29:  25-27.  *Van  Duzee,  M.  C.— New  North  and  South 
American  Dolichopiclae,  with  notes  on  previously  described 
species.  [40]  569:  22  pp.,  ill.  Vignon,  P. — Nomenclature 
des  veines  de  1'aile  chez  les  Dipteres.  L'aile  primitive  des 
Dipteres.  [59]  6,  (B)  :  133-142,  142-143,  ill.  *Walley,  G.  S. 

—A  new  species  of  Forcipomyia  (Chironomidae).  [4]  64: 
165-166,  ill. 

COLEOPTERA.— Bridwell,  J.  C.— The  subfamilies  of 
the  Bruchidae.  [10]  34:  100-106.  *Bruch,  C.— Un  genero 
nuevo  de  histerido  mirmecofilo.  [Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata]  33: 
277-281,  ill.  (S).  *Chapin,  E.  A. — Strategus  simson  and 
related  West  Indian  species  (Scarabaeidae).  [91]  22:  449- 
456,  ill.  Costa  Lima,  A. — Sobre  um  aleochatineo  ecitophilo 
(Staphylinidae).  [Bol.  Biol.,  R.d.  Janeiro]  Fas.  21:  58-59. 

E.  F. — Hypocephalus  armatus.  (S.)    [Natur  &  Mus.  Frank- 
furt]  62:  93-95,  ill.     *Fiedler,  C.— Die  riisslergattung  Ma- 
cromerus   (Cryptorrhynchini).   (Curcul.).    [11]    1932:  36-88, 
ill.  (S.)     *Hustache,  A. — Huit  nouveaux  Coleopteres  (Cur- 
culionidae,  Zygopinae)    du  British  Museum.    [75]    10:  201- 
208.  (S.)     *Nevermann,  F. — Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  Tele- 
phanus  (Cucujidae).  [60]  93:  1-35,  ill.     Twinn,  C.  R.— The 
occurrence   of   the   odd   beetle   and   a   brief  note   on   other 
dermestid  species  in  Canada.   [4]   64:   163-165.     *Uhmann, 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  249 

E. — Beitrag-  zur  kenntnis  der  Hispinen  (Chrys.)  [Mitt. 
Deut.  Ent.  Gesell.]  3:  36-38.  Weber,  R.  G.— Some  modifi- 
cations of  leg  structure  in  the  Hydrophilidae.  [Pro.  Indi- 
ana Acad.  Sci.]  41 :  483-494.  Zacher,  F—  Untersuchungen 
iiber  die  anatomic  der  geschlechtsorgane  und  die  systema- 
tik  der  samenkafer  (Bruchiclae).  [Arch.  Zool.  Ital.]  16: 
1005-1009. 

HYMENOPTERA. — *Alfken,  J.  D. — Die  drei  kleinen 
chilenischcn  echten  Halictus-Arten.  (Apid.)  [Mitt.  Deut. 
Ent.  Gesell.]  3:  18-21.  Balch  &  Simpson. — A  European 
sawfly  (Diprion  polytomum)  attacking  spruce  in  the  Gaspe 
Peninsula,  Que.  [4J  64:  162-163.  Bruch,  C.— Notas  biol- 
ogicas  y  sistematicas  acerca  de  "Bruchomyrma  acutidens". 
[Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata]  33:  31-55,  ill.  (S.)  *Bruch,  C.— Des- 
cripcion  de  un  genero  y  especie  nuevva  de  una  Hormiga 
parasita  (Formicidae).  [Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata]  33:  271-275, 
ill  ( S  )  Buckell,  E.  R. — A  list  of  the  ants  of  Brtish  Col- 
umbia. [Pro.  Ent.  Soc.  Brit.  Col.]  29:  22-25.  *Cockerell, 
T.  D.  A. — Two  new  bees  of  the  genus  Andrena  from  Can- 
ada. [4]  64:  155-158.  Constantineau,  M.  J. — Cas  d'anomalie 
chez  quelques  especes  d'ichneumonides.  [Arch.  Zool.  Exp. 
Gen.]  74:  69-79,  ill.  Costa  Lima,  A. — A  proposito  da  Acro- 
pyga  pickeli.  '[Bol.  Biol.,  R.  d.  Janeiro]  Fas.  21:  65-69. 
*Gallardo,  A. — Deux  nouvelles  especes  de  "Pogonomy- 
rmex"  de  la  Republique  Argentine  (Formicides).  [Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata]  33:  185-188,  ill.  Grant,  K.— Aquatic  Hy- 
menoptera.  [Pro.  So.  Lond.  Ent.  &  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.]  1931- 
32:  23-26,  ill.  Hicks,  C.  H— Notes  on  Sphex  aberti.  [4] 
64:  145-151.  *Mallach,  N. — Neue  neotropische  Cimbicinen. 
(Tenthred.).  [11]  1929:  285-288,  ill.  Menozzi,  C.— For- 
miche  del  Nord  America  raccolte  dal  Prof.  F.  Silvestri. 
[23]  26:  310-312.  *Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W— Revision  of  the 
Nearctic  Ichneumon-flies  belonging  to  the  genus  Macrocen- 
trus.  [50]  80,  Art.  23:  55  pp.  *Rohwer  &  Middleton.- 
Descriptions  of  five  Nearctic  sawflies  of  the  tribe  Hemich- 
roini.  [10]  34:  93-98,  ill.  *Schwarz,  H.  F.— The  genus  Mel- 
ipona:  the  type  genus  of  the  Meliponidae  or  stingless  bees. 
[62]  63:  231-460,  ill. 

SPECIAL  NOTICES.— Krogerus,  R.— Ueber  die  okolo- 
gie  und  verbreitung  der  Arthropoden  der  triebsandgebiete 
an  den  Kusten  Finnlands.  [Acta  Zool.  Fennica]  12:  308 
pp.,  ill.  Ecological  entomologists  will  probably  find  Rolf 
Krogerus'  paper  suggestive  and  useful. 


250  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Nov..   '32 

Uoirigs  of  Societies. 

The  Fifth  International  Congress  of  Entomology 

Through  scientific  societies  and  their  publications,  as  well 
as  by  letter  to  individuals,  invitation  was  extended  to  the 
entomological  world  to  attend  the  Fifth  International  Entomol- 
ogical Congress  at  Paris,  July  16  to  23  of  the  present  year 
(1932),  and  coincidently  the  celebration  (July  16)  of  the  Cen- 
tenary of  the  Entomological  Society  of  France.  American 
participation  in  these  meetings  was  undoubtedly  reduced  by  the 
prevailing  economic  conditions;  in  spite  of  which,  however,  38 
names  were  registered  from  the  United  States,  representing  24 
organizations  and  institutions.  The  total  registration  at  the 
Congress  was  about  400,  coming  from  37  countries  and  their 
principal  divisions,  those  more  numerously  represented  being 

France    1 18 

Great    Britain    51 

United   States    38 

Switzerland    28 

Italy    22 

Germany     21 

Austria    15 

Belgium    15 

Spain     12 

The  afternoon  and  evening  of  Saturday,  July  16,  were  oc- 
cupied in  the  celebration  of  the  Centenary  of  the  Entomological 
Society  of  France.  In  the  afternoon,  a  most  impressive  audi- 
ence crowded  the  Amphitheatre  of  the  National  Museum  of 
Natural  History.  Presided  over  by  the  officers  of  the  Society, 
places  of  honor  were  accorded  distinguished  guests,  including 
the  President  of  the  French  Republic  and  his  Ministry,  and 
official  delegates  to  the  Centenary  and  Congress.  University 
gowns  of  various  colors,  the  gorgeous  uniforms  of  members 
of  the  French  Institute,  of  the  military  guards  and  of  a  regi- 
mental band,  gave  a  degree  of  color  to  the  assemblage  scarcely 
possible  to  any  scientific  meeting  in  America.  Following  brief 
addresses,  the  names  of  the  various  organizations  officially 
represented  were  called  in  turn,  these  delegates  arising  in  their 
places  in  response.  Many  of  the  foreign  delegations  brought 
with  them  elaborate  addresses  of  congratulation,  engrossed  on 
vellum  or  parchment,  officially  sealed,  some  in  book  form,  some 
in  scrolls,  some  enclosed  in  metal  cylinders ;  and  all  these,  one 
by  one,  were  deposited  on  a  table  before  the  officers  of  the 
Society,  forming  an  impressive  mound  embodying  the  written 
felicitations  of  the  scores  of  organizations  represented. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  251 

In  the  evening,  the  French  Society  tendered  the  delegates 
and  other  guests  an  elaborate  banquet  at  the  Hotel  Claridge. 
More  than  three  hundred  names  were  included  in  the  official 
seating-list,  the  United  States  being  represented  at  the  table  of 
honor  by  Dr.  L.  O.  Howard.  No  formal  speeches  were  made, 
but  Professor  Poulton  of  Oxford,  in  a  few  well-chosen  words, 
voiced  the  appreciation  of  all  the  English-speaking  guests  for 
the  lavish  hospitality  accorded. 

The  meetings  of  the  Congress,  beginning  on  Monday,  July 
18,  and  continuing  until  Saturday  afternoon,  July  23,  were 
held  in  the  various  lecture-rooms  of  the  Institute  Agronomique, 
which  also  formed  the  starting-point  for  the  delightful  excur- 
sions planned  for  the  entertainment  of  the  Congress.  Four 
general  and  twenty-three  sectional  meetings  of  the  Congress 
were  held,  at  which  approximately  150  papers  were  read.  Of 
these,  something  over  60%  were  in  French,  20%  in  English, 
\2%  in  German,  and  smaller  percentages  in  Italian  and  in 
Spanish.  Eleven  papers  were  contributed  by  entomologists 
from  the  United  States.  Many  of  the  papers  presented  were 
of  obviously  great  significance;  but  unavoidable  brevity  of 
time-allowance,  the  divergence  of  language,  and  the  impossi- 
bility of  attending  coincident  meetings,  forbids  any  appraisal 
of  their  relative  importance  here,  which  must  await  their  more 
satisfactory  perusal  in  the  published  Transactions  of  the  Con- 
gress. 

Those  attending  the  Congress  will  always  remember  the 
generous  plans  made  for  their  entertainment  by  the  French 
Society.  These  included  a  Sunday  afternoon  at  Chantilly 
Castle  and  its  forest ;  an  all-day  trip  through  Barbizon  to 
Fontainebleau,  with  stops  for  collecting  and  exploration  among 
the  lichen-covered  boulders  and  flowery  slopes  of  the  beautiful 
old  forest;  an  afternoon  at  Versailles,  returning  through  the 
forest-bordered  valley  of  the  Chevreuse;  a  reception  by  the 
municipality  of  Paris,  in  the  gorgeously-decorated  rooms  of  the 
Hotel  de  Ville ;  an  evening  banquet  in  the  Zoological  Gardens 
at  Vincennes ;  assemblage  in  an  old  Roman  amphitheatre  for  a 
group  photograph. 

At  the  concluding  general  session  of  the  Congress,  after 
spirited  discussion,  the  time  and  place  for  the  next  Congress 
were  fixed  for  Madrid,  Spain,  in  the  summer  of  1935.  For 
most  of  those  attending  the  Congress,  departure  from  Paris 
took  place  on  Sunday  morning,  July  24,  when  those  participat- 
ing in  the  excursion  to  the  Pyrenees  (July  24  to  30)  took  train 
at  the  Gare  d'Orsay  for  Lourdes  and  a  strenuous  but  enjoy- 
able week  amid  the  beauty  and  historic  interest  of  southern 
France.  FRANK  M.  JONES. 


252  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Nov.,  '32 

OBITUARY. 

The  death  of  Sir  RONALD  Ross,  "whose  discovery  that  the 
Anopheles  mosquito  carries  the  malaria  parasite  was  respon- 
sible for  controlling  one  of  the  world's  most  terrible  scourges," 
occurred  in  London,  September  16,  1932,  and  was  widely  an- 
nounced in  the  daily  press.  He  was  born  in  India  in  1857, 
studied  medicine  in  London,  entered  the  Indian  Medical  Serv- 
ice in  1881  and  began  the  special  study  of  malaria  in  1892. 
Riley  and  Johannsen,  in  the  first  edition  of  their  Handbook  of 
Medical  Entomology  (page  191),  have  summarized  his  great 
discovery  thus : 

Laveran  had  early  suggested  that  the  role  of  carrier  might 
be  played  by  the  mosquito,  but  Manson  first  clearly  formu- 
lated the  hypothesis,  and  it  was  largely  due  to  his  suggestions 
that  Ross  in  India,  undertook  to  solve  the  problem.  With  no 
knowledge  of  the  form  or  of  the  appearance  in  this  stage,  or 
of  the  species  of  mosquito  concerned,  Ross  spent  almost  two 
and  a  half  years  of  the  most  arduous  work  in  the  search  and 
finally  in  August,  1897,  seventeen  years  after  the  discovery  of 
the  parasite  in  man,  he  obtained  his  first  definite  clue.  In 
dissecting  a  "dappled-winged  mosquito,"  "every  cell  was 
searched  and  to  my  intense  disappointment  nothing  whatever 
was  found,  until  I  came  to  the  insect's  stomach.  Here,  how- 
ever, just  as  I  was  about  to  abandon  the  examination,  I  saw 
a  very  delicate  circular  cell,  apparently  lying  amongst  the 
ordinary  cells  of  the  organ  and  scarcely  distinguishable  from 
them.  On  looking  further  another  and  another  similar  object 
presented  itself.  I  now  focused  the  lens  carefully  on  one  of 
these  and  found  that  it  contained  a  few  minute  granules  of 
some  black  substance,  exactly  like  the  pigment  of  the  parasite 
of  malaria.  I  counted  altogether  twelve  of  these  cells  in  the 
insect." 

His  discoveries  were  announced  in  Nature  for  1899  and 
1900  and  in  the  Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science 
for  the  latter  year,  in  his  RescarcJics  on  Malaria  (Nobel  Prize 
Medical  Lecture  1902)  1904  and  Prevention  of  Malaria  New 
York,  1910. 

The  establishment  of  the  Ross  Institute  and  Hospital  for 
Tropical  Diseases,  of  which  he  was  Director  in  Chief,  his 
poems  and  novels,  his  dire  want  in  the  nineteen  twenties,  the 
foundation  and  completion  by  public  subscription  of  a  fund 
to  care  for  him  in  his  old  age,  have  been  told  in  the  news- 
papers and  popular  magazines. 


Title-page  and  Index  to  Volume  XLIII  will  be  issued  with  an  early  number 

of  Volume  XLIV. 

Subscriptions  for  i933  now  Payable. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 


DECEMBER.  1932 

Vol.  XLIII  No.  10 


JOHN  HENRY  COMSTOCK,  1849-1931. 
Portrait  of  1884. 


CONTENTS 

Champlain  and  Knull — Fermenting  Baits  for  Trapping  Elateridae  and 

Cerambycidae  (Coleop.) 253 

Calkins — The  Rhopalocerous  Lepidoptera  of  Scott  County,  Kansas..  .  257 

Gunder — Macrolupidoptera:  Species  and  Lower  Concepts 261 

Cottle— My  Ideas  on  the  Naming  of  Lepidoptera 269 

Brown — Some  Uses  of  Masonite  Board  in  the  Mounting  of  Insects.  .    .  272 

Entomological  Literature 273 

Obituary— Dr.  William  G.  Dietz 279 


PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES, 
Logan  Square 

Entered  at  the  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Post  Office  as  Second  Claw  Matter. 

Acceptance  for  mailing  at  the  special  rate  of  postage  prescribed  for  in  Section  1. 

Act  of  October  3,   1917,  authorized  January    15,   1921. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

published  monthly,  excepting  August  and  September,  by  The  American 

Entomological  Society. 
Philip  P.  Calvert,  Ph.D.,  Editor;  E.  T.  Cresson,  Jr.,  R.  G.  Sthmieder.Ph.D., 

Associate   Editors. 

Advisory  Committee :     Philip  Laurent,  J.  A.  G.  Rehn,  Chas.  Liebeck,  J. 
Chester  Bradley,  Ph.D.,  Frank  Morton  Jones,  John  C.  Lutz,  Max  Kisliuk,  Jr., 
Wm.  W.  Chapman. 
The  subscription  price  per  year  of  ten  (10)  numbers  is  as  follows: 

United  States  and  possessions, 

Central  and  South  America     .  $3.00 

Canada     .  .  3.15 

Foreign  3.25 

Single  copies  35  cents. 

ADVERTISING  RATES:  Full  width  of  page.  Payments  in  advance. 
One  issue,  1  in.,  $  1.20,  2  in.,  $  2.40,  half  page,  $  4.00,  full  page,  $  7.00 
Ten  issues  11.00,  20.00,  35.00,  60.00 

SUBSCRIPTIONS.     All  remittances  and  communications  regarding  sub- 
scriptions, non-receipt  of  the  NEWS  or  of  reprints,  and  requests   for  sample 
copies,  should  be  addressed  to 
ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS,  1900  Race  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

All  complaints  regarding  non-receipt  of  issues  of  the  NEWS  should  be 
presented  within  three  months  from  date  of  mailing  of  the  issue.  After 
that  time  such  numbers,  if  available,  will  be  supplied  only  by  purchase. 
Not  more  than  two  issues  will  be  replaced  gratis,  through  loss  in 
transit  or  in  change  of  address,  unless  such  have  been  registered,  at  the 
subscriber's  expense.  No  subscriptions  accepted  which  involve  giving  a 
receipt  acknowledged  before  a  notary,  except  at  the  subscriber's  expense. 
MANUSCRIPTS  AND  ADVERTISEMENTS.  Address  all  other  com- 
munications to  the  editor,  Dr.  P.  P.  Calvert,  Zoological  Laboratory,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

TO  CONTRIBUTORS.  All  contributions  will  be  considered  and  passed 
upon  at  our  earliest  convenience  and,  as  far  as  may  be,  will  be  published 
according  to  date  of  reception.  The  receipt  of  all  papers  will  be  acknowl- 
edged. Owing  to  the  limited  size  of  each  number  of  the  NEWS,  articles 
longer  than  six  printed  pages  will  be  published  in  two  or  more  installments, 
unless  the  author  be  willing  to  pay  for  the  cost  of  a  sufficient  number  of 
additional  pages  in  any  one  issue  to  enable  such  an  article  to  appear  without 
division. 

Proof  will  be  sent  to  authors.  Twenty-five  "extras"  of  an  author's  contribu- 
tion, without  change  in  form  and  without  covers,  will  be  given  free  when 
they  are  wanted;  if  more  than  twenty-five  copies  are  desired  this  should  be 
stated  on  the  MS. 

Owing  to  increased  cost  of  labor  and  materials,  no  illustrations  will  be 
published  in  the  NEWS  for  the  present,  except  where  authors  furnish  the 
necessary  blocks  (or  pay  in  advance  the  cost  of  making  blocks)  and  also  pay 
for  the  cost  of  printing  plates.  Information  as  to  the  cost  will  be  furnished  in 
each  case  on  application  to  the  Editor.  Blocks  furnished  or  paid  for  by 
authors  will,  of  course,  be  returned  to  authors,  after  publication,  if  desired. 


Stated  Meetings  of  The  American  Entomological  Society  will  be  held 
at  7.30  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  June, 
July,  August,  November  and  December,  and  on  the  third  Thursday  of 
November  and  December. 

Communications  on  observations  made  in  the  course  of  your  studies  are 
solicited ;  also  exhibits  of  any  specimens  you  consider  of  interest. 


The  printer  of  the  "News"  will  furnish  reprints  of  articles  without  covers  over  and 
above  the  twenty-five  given  free  at  the  following  rates:  One  or  two  pages,  twenty-five 
copies,  35  cents;  three  or  four  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  70  cents;  five  to  eight  pages, 
twenty-five  copies,  $1.40;  nine  to  twelve  pages,  twenty-five  copies,  $2.00;  each  half-tone 
plate,  twenty-five  copies,  30  cents;  each  plate  of  line  cuts,  twenty-five  copies,  25  cents; 
greater  numbers  of  copies  will  be  at  the  corresponding  multiples  of  these  rates.  Printed 
covers  for  50  copies,  $4.00  or  more,  according-  to  number  of  pages  bound. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS 

VOL.  XLIII.  DECEMBER,    1932  No.  10 

Fermenting  Baits  for  Trapping  Elateridae  and 
Cerambycidae  (Coleop.). 

By  A.  B.  CHAMPLAIN  and  J.  N.  KXULL  1 

During  the  past  five  years  the  writers  have  made  use  of 
fermenting  baits  in  liquid  form  for  the  capture  of  certain 
beetles  in  various  parts  of  Pennsylvania.  Elateridae  and  Ceram- 
bycidae were  the  two  families  of  Coleoptera  most  desired 
although  numerous  other  interesting  insects,  including  other 
families  of  Coleoptera  were  represented  in  the  catches.  The 
methods  used  in  trapping  these  insects  and  the  records  of  some 
of  the  captures  may  be  of  interest  to  others. 

Various  grades  of  molasses  or  brown  sugar  mixed  with 
water  were  the  attrahents  used.  One  part  of  the  better  grades 
of  molasses  to  ten  parts  of  water  seemed  to  give  the  best  results 
for  captures  in  the  groups  most  desired.  This  mixture  was  con- 
tained in  two  quart  agate  ware  pans  or  one  gallon  tin  pails 
which  were  hung  on  the  branches  of  trees  about  four  to  six 
feet  from  the  ground.  Some  of  these  pails  were  placed  near 
mountain  tops,  others  on  upper,  middle  and  lower  slopes  of 
mountains,  still  others  in  bottom  lands  and  valleys.  All  con- 
tributed a  share  in  the  catches,  the  species  taken  varying  some- 
what with  the  locality  and  elevation.  The  best  catches  were 
obtained  when  the  bait  receptacles  were  hung  in  openings  or 
glades  adjacent  to  wooded  areas,  especially  if  there  were  dead, 
dying  or  over-matured  trees  in  the  region. 

Gallon  pails  allow  less  evaporation  than  the  two  quart  pans. 
There  is  also  less  likelihood  of  pails  spilling  in  the  violent  sum- 
mer storms.  However,  the  pans  give  better  catches  under 
proper  climatic  conditions,  no  doubt  due  to  the  fact  that  they 
have  a  greater  evaporating  surface. 

The  traps  were  generally  visited  twice  a  week  and  the  insect 

1  Authors'  names  arranged  alphabetically. 

253 


254  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

contents  was  removed,  although  Coleoptera  might  remain  in 
the  fermenting  liquid  for  a  week  without  deterioration,  even 
in  warm  weather.  Material  removed  from  the  traps  was  trans- 
ferred, in  the  field,  to  vials  containing  70%  alcohol.  In  the 
laboratory,  before  pinning,  the  insects  were  washed  in  water 
to  remove  debris  and  dissolved  bait  substance  and  they  were 
then  in  perfect  condition  for  drying. 

As  pointed  out  by  Frost  and  Dietrich  -  the  liquid  baits  in 
the  traps  have  three  different  stages  of  development ;  ( 1 )  a 
short  period  of  alcoholic  fermentation;  (2)  a  period  of  acid 
fermentation  and  (3)  a  putrefaction  period.  Baits  are  at- 
trahents  for  Elateridae  and  Cerambycidae  up  to  the  third  stage 
of  their  development.  After  this  they  draw  scavangers  such  as 
Staphylinidae,  Histeridae  and  Silphidae.  When  the  putrefac- 
tion period  is  reached  the  writers  discard  the  contents  of  the 
traps  and  add  new  material. 

Undoubtedly  many  of  the  insects  taken  in  these  traps  drop 
or  fly  accidentally  into  the  liquid.  It  is  quite  evident,  however, 
that  many  forms  go  to  the  traps  to  feed  and  are  taken  in  this 
way.  The  writers  are  of  the  opinion  that  members  of  the 
Scarabaeidae,  Elateridae,  Nitidulidae  and  Cerambycidae  are 
foremost  among  those  attracted  for  feeding  purposes.  The  fact 
that  many  males  of  a  certain  species  are  frequently  taken  in  a 
trap  while  other  receptacles  in  the  same  locality  do  not  contain 
the  species  at  all  might  be  explained  by  the  theory  that  a  single 
female  falling  into  the  liquid  thus  drew  to  this  particular  trap 
numbers  of  the  other  sex.  This  incident  has  occurred  in  a 
number  of  cases. 

As  stated  by  Champlain  and  Kirk  3  many  of  the  species  taken 
in  traps  of  this  kind  are  seldom,  if  ever,  collected  in  general 
field  surveys  even  though  intensive  collecting  is  practiced.  It 
is  an  excellent  method  of  getting  locality  and  emergence  records 
of  many  species. 

The  following  records  of  captures  are  from  Clark's  Valley, 
Rush  Township,  Dauphin  County,  unless  otherwise  stated : 

2  Frost,  S.  W.,  and  Dietrich,  Henry ;  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Amer.,  V.  22,  p. 
427,  1929. 

3  Champlain,  A.  B.,  and  Kirk,  H.  B. ;  ENT.  NEWS.,  V.  37.  p.  288,  1926. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  255 

ELATERIDAE. 
AUELOCERA  DETECT  A  Say,  July  21 ;  Laporte,  August  6. 

.  \DELOCER  A    DISCOIDEA    Web.,    July    27. 

ALAUS  OCULATUS  L.,  numerous  in  July;  five  in  one  pan  July  12. 

MONOCREPIDIUS  LIVIDUS  DeG.,  numerous  in  July. 

LIMONIUS  QUERCIXUS  Say,  numerous  in  June  and  July. 

LIMOXIUS  BASILARIS  Say,  numerous  in  June  and  July. 

LEPTOSCHEMA  DISCALCEATUS  Say,  September  7. 

ATHOUS  MACULICOLLIS  Lee.,  numerous  in  July. 

. \THOUS  BRIGHTWELLI  Kby.,  many  specimens  in  July  and  Aug- 
ust. 

ATHOUS  .CUCULLATUS   Say,  July  20,   August    10;    Pond  Bank, 
Franklin  County,  July  7. 

LUDIUS  PYRRHOS  Hbst.,  numerous  in  Julv. 

LUDIUS  AETHIOPS  Hbst.,  July  2. 

LUDIUS  TRIUNDULATUS  Rand.,  Laporte,  June  24. 

LUDIUS  HIEROGLYPHICUS  Say,  very  plentiful  in  June,  July  and 
August. 

HEMICREPIDIUS  BILOBATUS  Say.  July  29. 

HEMICREPIDIUS  ME.MXOXIUS  Hbst.,  July;  Laporte,  plentiful  in 
July. 

MELANACTKS  PICEUS  DeG.,  numerous  in  July  and  August. 

PARALLELOSTETHUS  ATTEXUATUS  Say.  numerous  July  and  Aug- 
ust. 

XEOTRTCHOPHORUS  ABRUPTUS  Say,  July  7,  30 ;  Laporte,  plenti- 
ful in  July  and  August. 

DOLOPIUS  LATERALIS  Esch.,  plentiful  in  May  and  June. 

SERICTS  SILACEUS  Say,  plentiful  in  May  and  June. 

ACRIOTES  oi'.Loxc.icoLLis  Mel.,  plentiful  in  June. 

I '".LATER  PULI.US  Germ.,  Laporte,  July  29,  August  6. 

ELATER  VITIOSUS  Lee.,  Laporte,  July  15. 

ELATER  VERTICINUS  Beauv.,  numerous  specimens  in  July. 

KI.ATER   SEMICINCTUS   Rand.,    numerous    specimens   the   latter 
part  of  July;  Laporte,  July  15. 

ELATER  RUBRICUS  Say,  plentiful  in  June. 

ELATER  COLLARIS  Say,  July  2. 

KL.VIT.R   MAXIITLAKIS  ('and.,  August  3. 

ELATEK  IT.DALIS  Germ.,  May  11  :  Laporte,  July  17. 

ELATER  XIGRICANS  Germ.,  numerous  in  July. 

ELATER  MIXTUS  Hbst.,  Laporte,  numerous  in  June. 

MEC.AI-KXTHES  RUFILABRIS  Germ.,  taken  in  numbers  pan  pails 
at  Mont  Alto  in  July  by  J.  O.  Pepper. 

MELAXOTUS  COMMUNTS  Gyll.,  numerous  in  June  and  July. 

MELANOTUS   EISSILTS    Say,   June,   July  and   August;    Laporte, 
very  plentiful  in  July  and  August. 


DFC 


256  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

MELANOTUS  CORTICINUS  Say,  July  21. 

MELANOTUS  SAGITTARIUS  Lee.,  Laporte,  very  plentiful  in  July. 
MELANOTUS  HYSLOPI  Van  Z.,  very  plentiful'  in  June  and  July. 
MELANOTUS  GLANDICOLOR  Mel.,  Laporte,  June  24. 

MELASIDAE. 

DROMAEOLUS   CYLINDRICOLLIS    Say,    Pond    Bank,    July    11-20, 
twelve  specimens  in  one  pail,  none  in  adjacent  traps. 

CERAMBYCIDAE. 

DEROBRACHUS  BRUNNEUS  Forst.,  numerous  in  July  and  August. 
STROMATIUM  PUBESCENS  Hald.,  Inglenook,  August  9. 
EBURIA  QUADRIGEMINATA  Say,  plentiful  in  July. 
HYPERMALLUS  VILLOSUS  Fab.,  plentiful  in   July. 
ELAPHIDION  MUCRONATUM  Say,  very  plentiful  in  August. 
ANOPLIUM  CINERASCENS  Lee.,  Hummelstown,  June  24,  July  14. 
PSEUDIBIDON  UN ico LOR  Rand.,  Hummelstown,  June  9,  July  31. 
TOXOTUS  CYLINDRICOLLIS  Say,  August  2;  Inglenook,  July  26, 

five  specimens. 

GAUROTES  CYANIPENNIS  Say,  plentiful  in  July. 
LEPTURA  EMARGINATA  Fab.,  numerous  specimens  in  July  and 

August  in   Clark's   Valley,   Inglenook  and   Hummelstown. 
LEPTURA  LINEOLO  Say,  numerous  in  July. 
ANOPLODERA  OCTONOTATA  Say,  June  10. 
ANOPLODERA  NITENS  Forst.,  several  specimens  in  July. 
ANOPLODERA  PUBERA  Say,  June  and  July. 
ANOPLODERA  VITTATA  Oliv.,  numerous  in  June  and  July. 
ANOPLODERA  RUBRICA  Say,  plentiful  in  June  and  July.' 
ANOPLODERA  CANADENSIS  Fab.,  Laporte,  very  plentiful  in  July. 
ANOPLODERA  MINNESOTANA  Csy.,  Laporte,  j'une  20. 
ANOPLODERA  PROXIMA  Say,  July  2,  24. 
TYPOCERUS  VELUTINA  Oliv.,  plentiful  in  June  and  July. 
STRANGALIA  LUTEICORNIS  Fab.,  June. 
PHYSOCNEMUM  BREVILINEUM  Say,  Hummelstown,  June. 
PHYMATODES  VARIUS  Fab.,  July  12. 
CYLLENE  ROBINIAE  Forst.,  numerous  specimens  in  August  and 

September. 

XYLOTRECHUS  COLONUS  Fab.,  plentiful  June  and  July. 
XYLOTRECHUS  ACERIS  Fisher,  July  2. 
XYLOTRECHUS  NITIDUS  Horn,  Chambersburg,  June  6,  28,  J.  R. 

Stear  and  J.   A.   Reeves.     Three   specimens   of   this   rare 

species  were  taken  in  bait  pans. 
NEOCLYTUS  SCUTELLARIS  Oliv.,  August  10. 
NEOCLYTUS  MUCRONATUS  Fab.,  numerous  in  July. 
NEOCLYTUS  ACUMINATUS  Fab.,  numerous  in  June  and  July. 
ANTHOBOSCUS  RURICOLA  Oliv.,  July. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  257 

CLYTANTHUS  ALBOFASCIATUS  Lap.,  June  10. 
EUDERCES  PICIPES  Fab.,  many  specimens  June  and  July. 
PURPURICENUS  HUMERALIS  Fab.,  very  plentiful  in  the  southern 

part  of  the  state  in  June  and  July. 
PURPURICENUS  AXILLARIS  Hald.,  numerous  specimens  in  June 

and  July  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state. 
MICROGOES  OCULATUS  Lee.,  Laporte,  July  17,  30. 
MICROGOES  DEBILIS  Lee.,  one  specimen  in  June. 

CLERIDAE  AND  BUPRESTIDAE. 

The  following  captures  were  probably  due  to  adults  falling 
into  the  traps  accidentally : 
CYMATODERA  BICOLOR  Say,  Inglenook,  July  20. 
CYMATODERA  UNDULATA  Say,  Inglenook,  July  20. 
ENOCLERUS  LILJEBLADI  Wolc.,  Cold  Springs,  Adams  County, 

September  6. 

DICERCA  PUGIONATA  Germ.,  July  26. 
CHRYSOBOTHRIS  SEXSIGNATA  Say,  July  20. 
CHRYSOBOTHRIS  VERDIGRIPENNIS  Frost,  September  7;  Laporte, 

July  29. 
ANTHAXIA  QUERCATA  Fab.,  July  26. 


The  Rhopalocerous  Lepidoptera  of  Scott  County, 

Kansas. 

By  VIRGIL  F.  CALKINS,  Scott  City,  Kans. 

(Continued  from  page  229.) 

Family  LYCAENIDAE. 

Subfamily  Theclinae. 

STRYMON  MELINUS  Hubn.  Common  Hair-streak.  A  fairly 
common,  and  the  only  Hair-streak,  to  be  taken  at  almost  any 
time  that  butterflies  are  on  the  wing.  I  have  reared  specimens, 
the  larvae  of  which  were  feeding  on  alfalfa  flower  heads,  at- 
tended by  swarms  of  small  black  ants. 

S.  ACADICA  Edw.  The  Acadian  Hair-streak.  But  one  speci- 
men of  this  species  has  been  taken  in  Scott  County.  It  was 
captured  on  the  State  Park  Grounds  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  county.  An  unusual  capture. 

Subfamily  Chrysophaninae. 

HEODES  DIONE  Scud.  Dione  Copper.  Uncommon  this  far 
south;  almost  every  year  a  few  stray  specimens  are  taken,  usu- 
ally in  worn  and  faded  condition. 


258  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

H.  THOE  Bdv.  &  Lee.  Bronze  Copper.  The  Bronze  Copper  is 
a  distinctly  rare  insect  in  this  locality.  But  three  or  four  ex- 
amples have  been  recorded.  Its  food  plant.  Dock,  is  abundant 
in  favorable  localities,  but  the  species  is  rare  nevertheless. 

H.  HELLOIDES  Bdv.  Purplish  Copper.  One  stray  butterfly  of 
the  female  sex  is  the  only  specimen  ever  recorded  for  this  reg- 
ion. Extremely  rare. 

Subfamily  Lycaeninae. 

LEPTOTES  MARINA  Reak.  Marine  Blue.  This  beautiful  little 
Blue  is  uncommon,  but  one  is  almost  sure  to  take  a  few  speci- 
mens each  year.  The  food  plant  is  Alfalfa. 

BREPHIDIUM  EXILIS  Bdv.  The  Pigmy  Blue.  This  interesting 
little  species  so  often  referred  to  as  "the  smallest  butterfly"  is 
a  stray  in  this  locality.  Three  specimens  have  been  recorded  in 
the  last  five  years. 

HEMTARGUS  ISOLA  Reak.  Reakirt's  Blue.  Prior  to  the  year 
1928,  no  specimens  of  isola  were  ever  taken.  During  the  sum- 
mer of  1928,  isola  was  a  new  capture,  and  since  that  time  it  has 
been  abundant,  as  a  rule,  every  year.  As  many  as  two  hundred 
specimens  have  been  taken  within  three  hours.  Their  favorite 
food  plant  is  pin  clover,  and  other  clovers.  A  very  pretty  little 
Blue,  and  interesting  because  of  its  appearance  for  the  first 
time  in  1928. 

EVERES  COMYNTAS  Godt.  The  Eastern  Tailed  Blue.  While 
this  species  ought  to  be  common,  it  is  not.  Occasional  specimens 
are  taken  only. 

PLEBEIUS  MELISSA  Edw.  Orange-margined  Blue.  This  beau- 
tiful Blue  is  abundant  every  year,  but  one  has  to  be  at  hand 
when  they  first  emerge  to  get  good  specimens.  I  have  reared 
very  many  on  alfalfa.  This  species  is  one  that  is  always  at- 
tended by  ants  in  the  larval  stage.  The  slug-shaped  caterpillar 
prefers  the  flower  head  of  the  alfalfa,  and  by  the  presence  of 
countless  small  black  ants,  it  is  always  suspected.  It  can  be  very 
easily  reared  in  captivity  by  gathering  the  flower  heads.  The 
slugs,  even  when  in  captivity,  are  sure  to  be  found  by  ants. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  259 

P.  ACMON  Dblcly.  &  Hew.  Acmon  Blue.  Very  rare.  Very 
few  specimens  have  been  recorded. 

LYCEANOPSIS  PSEUDARGIOLUS  Bdv.  &  Lee.  The  Spring  Azure, 
the  Common  Blue.  This  is  another  species  that  should  be  com- 
mon, but  is  not,  here  on  the  prairies.  About  a  half  dozen  speci- 
mens have  been  collected.  They  were  small. and  dwarfed. 

L.     PSEUDARGIOLUS      NEGLECT  A -M  AJ  OR     Tlltt.       The      Neglecta 

Blue.    Also  uncommon,  being  only  a  form  of  the  above  species. 

Family  HESPERIIDAE. 
Sul) family  Pyrrhopyginae. 

EPARGYREUS  TITYRUS  Fabr.  Silver-spotted  Skipper.  This  big 
skipper  is  taken  occasionally,  but  not  commonly. 

THORYBES  DAUNUS  Cram,  (bathyllns  A.  &  S.)  The  Southern 
Dusky-wing.  An  unusual  capture  for  this  locality. 

PYRGUS  TESSELLATA  Scud.  Tessellated  Sipper,  Checkered 
Skipper.  Found  abundantly  over  the  county.  It  is  especially 
common  in  the  fall  of  the  year.  Larvae  are  partial  to  mallows, 
hollyhocks,  etc. 

GRAIS  STIGMATICUS  Mab.  Stigmaticus  Skipper.  A  very  rare 
thing,  here.  On  a  hot  August  day,  after  a  dust  storm  of  a  few 
days  previously,  a  specimen  was  captured  hovering  over  Zinnias. 
The  same  afternoon  two  more  specimens  were  taken,  they  being 
in  an"  almost  unrecognizable  state. 

PHOLISORA  CATULLUS  Fabr.  Sooty-wing.  Abundant  during 
the  spring  of  the  year,  but  not  taken  at  any  other  time  of  the 
year. 

TIIANAOS   PERSIUS   AFRAXius   Lint.     Afranius    Dusky-wing. 

•But  one  specimen  is  known  from  this  county.   It  appeared  after 

a  wind  storm  ;  having  never  seen  anything  like  it,  it  was  sent 

away  for  identification,  and  Dr.  Dyar  labeled  it  Tlianaos  afran- 

hts  Lint. 

TH.    JUVENALIS    Fabr.     Juvenal's    Dusky-wing.     What    few 

specimens  that  are  taken  occur  early  in  the  spring.    Uncommon. 

TH.  HORATIUS  Scud.  &   I'urg.    Horace's  Dusky-wing.    Only 

occasionally  taken,  the  species  also  being  found  in  early  spring. 


260  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

TH.  PACUVIUS  Lint.  Pacuvius'  Dusky-wing.  But  one  speci- 
men has  ever  been  taken. 

TH.  FUNERALIS  Scud.  &  Burg.  The  Funereal  Dusky- wing. 
This  handsome  black  skipper  seems  to  represent  another  wind 
blown  species.  It  is  hard  to  get  in  perfect  condition  for  this 
reason.  While  previously  considered  a  prize,  lately  numerous 
examples  have  been  taken  and  the  species  may  now  be  listed  as 
occurring  regularly. 

Subfamily  Hesperiinae. 

COPAEODES  AURANTIACA  Hew.  Hewitson's  Skipper.  Only 
one  specimen  of  this  conspicuous  species  has  been  taken,  where 
it  was  sipping  nectar  from  a  marigold  blossom.  It  represents  a 
wind  blown  species — probably  from  Texas. 

PAMPHILA  UNCAS  Edw.  Uncas  Skipper.  A  few  specimens  of 
this  Hesperid  are  to  be  taken  occasionally  in  the  spring  of  the 
year,  when  they  fly  with  Atalopcdcs  cainpestris.  Uncommon. 

HYLEPHILA  PHYLAEUS  Dru.  The  Fiery  Skipper.  Very  rare 
in  this  region. 

POLITES  CERNES  Bdv.  &  Lee.  (Limochorcs  tannins  Fabr.) 
Fawny-edged  Skipper.  Rare.  Only  an  occasional  specimen  is 
taken. 

ATALOPEDES  CAMPESTRIS  Bdv.  Field  Skipper.  The  most  com- 
mon Skipper  to  be  found.  In  the  fall  of  the  year,  it  is  very 
plentiful  and  one  can  collect  hundreds  in  a  few  hours  by  picking 
them  off  flower  heads. 

ATRYTONOPSIS  HIANNA  Scud.  The  Dusted  Skipper.  This 
species  probably  is  a  straggler  from  Nebraska  and  it  is  con- 
sidered a  prize  when  taken.  Perfect  specimens  are  hard  to  get. 

AMBLYSCIRTES  VIALIS  Edw.  The  Roadside  Skipper.  Not 
common.  One  year,  a  number  of  specimens  were  taken.  Since 
that  time,  only  about  four  or  five  strays  are  taken  within  the 
year. 

LERODEA  EUFALA  Edw.  Eufala  Skipper.  This  drab  Skipper 
is  not  uncommon  during  some  seasons.  It  frequents  the  alfalfa 
and  clover  fields,  and  if  any  are  to  be  found,  they  may  be  taken 
there. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  261 

Macrolepidoptera  :  Species  and  Lower  Concepts. 

By  J.   D.  GUNDER,   Pasadena,   California. 

(Continued  from  page  240.) 
THE  TERM   TRANSITION   FORM. 

For  years  lepidoptera  check  lists  have  patiently  carried 
names  under  the  term  "ab.".  "Aberration"  was  a  category,  a 
conglomerate  unit  as  a  whole,  which  no  one  knew  very  much 
about  and  one  which  no  one  troubled  to  study  carefully.  It 
was  a  place  for  a  mixture  of  names,  a  dumping  ground  for 
those  things  roughly  spoken  of  as  sports,  freaks,  mutants,  indi- 
vidual forms  or  whatever  collectors  and  cataloguers  cared  to 
place  under  that  heading.  So  the  thought  became  prevalent  in 
many  quarters  that  4<abs."  were  of  little  value  and  hence  of 
less  scientific  use.  The  very  meaning  of  the  word  "aberration" 
tended  to  taxonomically  kill  any  name  placed  under  that  head- 
ing and  the  "no  good"  idea  was  further  enhanced  by  the  fact 
that  most  collections  possessed  few,  if  any,  of  these  specimens 
in  series.  Besides  that,  the  apparent  lack  of  such  variation  in 
other  insect  Orders  furnished  basis  for  depreciation  of  that 
found  in  Lepidoptera.1  Nevertheless,  as  the  years  went  by, 
well  known  Lepidopterists  like  Scudder,  Boisduval,  Edwards, 
Holland,  Barnes,  McDunnough  and  others  continued  to  recog- 
nize and  name  "aberrations".  It  was  the  best  they  could  do 
using  that  title,  being  the  only  term  open  to  them,  regardless  of 
the  somewhat  general  disapproval  of  it.  Those  pioneer  authors 
saw  future  value  in  much  of  the  variation  which  came  their 
way  and  they  knew  something  must  be  back  of  its  existence. 
The  names  they  applied  form  the  working  basis  of  our  present 
research  and  without  such  names,  little  could  now  be  accom- 
plished ;  likewise,  the  authors  of  today  and  tomorrow,  by  fol- 
lowing their  example,  add  to  that  volume  of  definite  record 
which  is  essentially  needed  for  corroborative  demonstration.2 

1  The  mere  excuse  that  the  Lepidoptera  (and  some  Coleoptera)  are 
the  only  or  principal  Orders  showing  sub-sub-specific  variation  is  NO 
REASON  within  itself  for  such  variation  not  being  accorded  status. 
It  is  all  the  more  reason  for  according  to  status!  The  alibi  of  Authors 
that  "some  do  and  some  don't"  is  poor  exemption  thought  in  itself.  Their 
mental  deduction  is  beyond  my  comprehension. 

-  The  method  of  science  in  principle  follows  four  steps  :  1st.  Observa- 
tion of  facts  and  things.  2nd.  Classification  of  facts  and  things.  3rd. 
Experimentation  with  facts  and  things.  4th.  Demonstration  of  facts  or 
truth. 


262  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  |  Dec.,    '32 

The  reasons  for  naming  variations  are  the  same  today  as  they 
were  yesterday,  it  is  only  the  kind  of  variation  which  should 
be  named  that  has  changed.  The  kind  of  variation  which  should 
be  named  is  a  z'erv  important  matter,  especially  in  the  light  of 
present  knowledge.  It  leads  us  up  to  the  question  of  what 
"aberrations"  formerly  were  and  that  has  been  the  subject  of 
my  investigation  for  the  past  several  years.  To  unscramble 
the  old  "aberration"  category  meant  that  all  available  type 
material  must  be  examined  and  that  upper  and  under  side 
photographs  of  every  one  must  be  secured.  That  was  the  only 
way  to  work-out  the  question  and  be  certain  of  what  the  names 
represented.  This  necessitated  the  visiting  of  most  of  the 
American  entomological  centers  and  the  taking  of  upwards  of 
2000  photographs,  besides  having  many  made  in  Europe.  I 
found  that  specimens  listed  as  "aberrations",  for  example,  in 
the  Barnes  &  McDunnough  Check  List  of  1917,  came  under 
several  different  headings  about  as  follows : 

Fii'st.  Various  kinds  of  teratological  aberrations,  for  ex- 
ample, Argynnis  coronis  baroni  Edw. 

Second.  Diversely  inflicted  specimens,  like  Danans  arcJiip- 
pus  pulohra  Stkr. 

TliinL     Sexual  forms,  like  the  females  of  the  Eiirynuis. 

Fourth.  Recurrent  individuals  which  made  up  the  vast 
majority  of  names,  like  Euphydryas  phaeton  superba  Stkr. 
From  the  above  it  can  be  seen  that  the  term  "ab."  really  con- 
sisted of  a  heterogeneous  mixture  of  names  and  was  not  a 
homogeneous  classification  division  at  all.  Therefore,  if  the 
taxonomy  of  the  group  was  to  be  straightened  out,  a  few 
radical  changes  must  be  made,  even  to  the  exclusion  of  the 
word  "ab."  and  the  substitution  of  a  new  categorical  concept. 
Further  diagnosis  follows. 

First.  Regarding  teratological  specimens.  In  character 
these  are,  for  the  most  part,  the  real  aberrations.  They  are 
aberrations  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word  itself,  hence  I  have 
restricted  the  word  in  macrolepidoptera  classification  (see  its 
position  on  chart)  to  mean  only  examples  showing  their  general 
abnormal  peculiarities  which  are  broadly  considered  non- 
inheritable  and  hence  unnamable.  Teratological  aberrations,  as 


xliii,   '32 1  KXTo.Moi.oc.H'Ai.    XKWS  263 

a  whole,  have  been  discounted  when  recognized  in  American 
and,  I  believe,  in  British  lists.  They  are  named  after  a  fashion 
in  Germany.  If  among  these  socalled  abnormalities,  there  are 
certain  recurrent  types  which  can  lie  shown,  by  reasonable  de- 
duction, as  profoundly  or  otherwise  affecting  the  evolution  of  a 
group,  then  they  should  be  named  and  a  classification  as  a  name 
control  worked  out.  This  classification  unit  could  be  added 
under  the  existing  transition  form  divisions.  However,  I  see 
nothing  on  our  American  lepidopterological  horizon  at  the  pres- 
ent time  to  prompt  naming  them  or  their  "non-obvious"  equi- 
valent, as  it  has  been  called,  much  less  considering  a  classifica- 
tion for  them  or  for  any  more  names  yet  to  be  given  to  them. 

Second.  Regarding  inflicted  specimens  or  specimens  whose 
wing  patterns  are  changed  by  "sickness"  or  by  external  mis- 
fortune. These  have  no  classification  rating  and  also  fall  into 
the  synonymy.  It  is  unfortunate  that  such  examples  are  occa- 
sionally named. 

Third.  Sexual  forms  which  were  listed  as  '"abs.".  These 
transfer  into  their  own  category.  (See  November  section  of 
this  article.) 

Fourth.  Recurrent  individuals  within  a  species  or  within  a 
race,  which  by  change  of  color  or  by  change  of  pattern  gradu- 
ate with  persistent  characteristic  similarity  from  parental  type 
to  definitely  limited  variation  away  from  parental  type,  have 
been  termed  transition  forms.  (See  first  reference,  EXT.  XKWS. 
May,  1927.)  These  are  the  only  specimens,  formerly  listed  as 
"aberrations",  aside  from  those  listed  in  paragraph  just  above, 
which  are  worth  nomenclatorial  rescue.  They  are  in  no  sense 
like  "aberrations",  being  neither  related  to  cause  (thc\  arc 
considered  the  result  of  inheritance,  and  not  of  happenstance  3), 
nor  by  appearance  (I/icy  are  superficially  c/iaracterislic  as  a 
whole),  nor  by  classification  (t/iev  Intrc  a  recurrent  categorical 
•value).  For  these  reasons  and  others,  transition  forms  should 
not  be  confused  with  "aberrations".  As  entities  they  are  en- 
tirely different.  Taxonomically,  it  is  simply  a  question  of  drop- 
ping the  word  "aberration"  (or  "ah.")  in  connection  with  many 
of  the  old  names  and  employing  the  word  transition  form  (or 

"Happenstance"  is  a  newly  coined  \v»nl  <>i  expressive  meaning. 


264  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

tr.f.)  instead.  In  the  future  if  "aberrations"  are  named,  they 
will  most  likely  fall  into  the  synonymy,  but  if  transition  forms 
are  named,  their  worth  will  be  assessed  just  as  in  any  other 
classificatory  group.  To  continue  the  use  of  the  word  "ab." 
in  the  light  of  a  legitimate  concept  as  formerly  would  be  the 
same  as  telling  the  zoological  world  that  entomolgoists  still 
believe  in  basing  names  upon  "freaks",  "sports"  and  what-nots, 
all  of  which  is  not  the  case.  Zoologists  have  made  fun  of  the 
old  aberrational  division,  as  such,  long  enough ;  let  us  be  rid 
of  it. 

Transition  form  classification,  with  its  divisions  under  Change 
of  Color  and  Change  of  Pattern,  as  shown  on  plate  VII,  July 
issue  of  this  article,  was  evolved  to  include  all  component  units 
which  can  be  cited  by  name.  Its  formula  serves  taxonomy  as 
a  name  control  and  in  this  respect  is  satisfactory  for  all  transi- 
tion forms  which  have  come  under  my  observation.  By  its 
use  I  see  no  "failure  to  classify  transition  forms",  particularly 
in  North  American  groups,  found  north  of  old  Mexico  and  I 
have  a  pretty  clear  idea  that  the  European  and  Asian  fauna 
must  of  necessity  fit  in.  Unfortunately,  I  have  not  space  in 
this  paper  for  a  detailed  discussion  of  its  merits.  Another 
article  in  the  future  can  deal  with  that  angle  at  a  time  when 
subsequent  queries  and  assertions  will  be  gone  into. 

In  this  paper  I  would  like  to  enumerate  a  few  salient  points 
which  I  hope  will  awaken  a  more  serious  consideration  of 
transition  forms,  as  well  as  a  deeper  appreciation  of  their 
value.  These  evolve  around  the  problems  of  inheritability, 
the  mechanics  of  which  the  geneticists  are  gradually  solving. 
My  friend,  Dr.  T.  H.  Morgan,  well-known  geneticist  of  the 
California  Institute  of  Technology  at  Pasadena,  has  said  to  me, 
"You  entomologists  have  furnished  genetics  a  problem  and  we 
will  begin  where  you  have  left  off"  ;  meaning,  of  course,  that 
the  geneticists  hope  to  prove  the  causes,  the  effects  of  which 
they  have  been  shown.  Entomological  record  of  variation, 
therefore,  has  been  of  some  use.  The  following  general  obser- 
vations regarding  transition  forms  were  made  in  the  course  of 
my  investigations. 

First.     Transition  forms  always  occur  year  after  year,  espe- 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  265 

cially  in  their  own  little  localized  localities,  or  segregated 
metropoli,  more  so  than  in  the  adjacent  ranges  of  their  species. 

Second.  Typicals  or  parental  stock  from  these  segregated 
metropoli  are  always  either  slightly  lighter  or  slightly  darker 
according  to  the  dominant  or  progressive  tr.f.  present. 

Third.  A  comparison  of  parental  stock  from  two  similarly 
located  metropoli  having  the  same  dominant  tr.f.  present  may 
show  the  stock  of  one  to  average  lighter  than  that  of  the  other. 
This  denotes  an  "older  settlement"  for  the  one  and  a  com- 
paratively recent  habitation  for  the  other. 

Fourth.  A  species  having  an  extensive  distribution  over  a 
continent  or  portion  of  a  continent  may  produce  many  tr.fs. 
in  one  region  and  few.  if  any,  in  others.  A  species  inhabiting 
several  continents  or  separate  geographical  land  areas  may  pro- 
duce tr.fs.  on  one  and  none  on  others.  Another  species,  take 
for  example  Picris  rapac  L.,  produces  two  tr.fs.  under  Change 
of  Pattern  in  Europe,  i.e.  immaculism  and  melanifusism  ;  but 
only  one  in  North  America,  i.e.  immaculism. 

Fifth.  Tr.fs.  have  led  to  the  discovery  of  new  species. 
Change  of  Color  tr.fs.  have  pointed  out  the  existence  of  simi- 
larly colored  races,  i.e.  tr.f.  fo.ri  of  aurilacus  led  to  the  dis- 
covery of  anicia  morandi.  Mr.  \Y.  G.  Wright  knew  chalcedona, 
but  if  he  had  realized  the  significance  of  chalcedona  fnsiiimcnla, 
he  could  have  looked  for  race  olancha  Wri.,  instead  of  finding 
it  by  pure  chance.  Euph\.  chalcedona  omnilnteofuseus  points 
to  a  race  of  yellow  chalcedona.  This  may  be  eventually  found 
in  northwestern  old  Mexico  or  even  in  our  own  Great  Basin, 
providing  it  has  not  become  an  extinct  entity.  (I  believe  the 
oldest  linphydryas  are  perhaps  those  groups  having  yellow  or  a 
yellowish  cast  ground  color  and  1  also  believe  it  possible  that 
the  North  American  members  of  this  genera  which  are  red 
received  that  color  in  a  definite  sequence  of  shading,  yellow 
through  to  red,  since  the  Tee  Age.  AJorandi  has  the  purest 
yellow  color  of  them  all,  its  neighboring  races  being  of  inter- 
mediate shades  between  yellow  and  deep  red.  Morandi  has  a 
unique,  high,  desert-surrounded  and  very  isolated  mountain  top 
habitat  which  has  evidently  preserved  its  color.  The  genus 
Melitaea  has  yellow  (chromatism)  tr.fs.  as  well.) 


266  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Dec.,  '32 

Sixth.  Tr.fs.  seldom  occur  in  equatorial  or  tropical  regions; 
if  so,  they  are,  what  can  be  termed,  of  semi-tropical  or  most 
likely  temperate  zone  genera  which  are  "loitering  south".  I 
found  no  tr.fs.  in  Mexican  collections  when  recently  visiting 
that  country  though  they  must  occur  in  certain  species  in  the 
northern  and  northwestern  section.  South  American,  South 
African  and  Australian  lists  show  nothing  comprehensible. 
Therefore,  it  can  be  said  that,  with  extremely  few  exceptions, 
transition  forms  arc  only  found  in  the  Northern  Hemisphere, 
in  regions  termed  temperate  and  near-arctic.  This  being  the 
case,  the  supposition  is  that  insect  life-changes  (in  lepidoptera, 
at  least)  generate  only  "in  the  north".  This  is  consistent  with 
certain  biological  theories  sometimes  expressed. 

S event Ji.  Tr.fs.  of  a  kind  always  occur  looking  alike,  their 
variation  grades  being  along  similar  lines.  A  species  in  a 
genus  and  any  races  thereof  always  produce  a  kindred  tr.f. 
variation.  All  tr.f.  variation  grading  away  from  parental  type 
always  has  a  definite  and  similar  limit  for  the  design  change; 
that  is,  the  change  is  not  boundless.  It  is  confined  to  that  por- 
tion of  the  wing  surface  and  to  those  certain  characters  which 
are  subject  to  the  change,  all  other  maculation  remaining  un- 
changed. A  tr.f.  of  a  kind  is  no  more  a  "series  of  tr.fs."  than 
a  species  is  a  "series  of  its  specimens".  Both  are  alike  in  this 
sense.  The  former  has  a  wider  range  of  variation  than  the 
latter  and  the  one  is  as  legitimately  consistent  in  its  wider  range 
as  the  other  is  in  its  shorter  range.  It  is  just  as  necessary  to 
have  a  series  of  a  tr.f.  to  show  its  range  of  variation,  as  it  is 
to  have  a  series  of  a  straight  species  (or  race)  to  show  its 
range  of  variation.  In  a  collection,  you  would  not  simply  have 
a  pair  of  a  species  to  show  true  variation,  but  a  series ;  similarly 
in  a  collection  you  would  not  have  a  pair  of  a  tr.f.  to  show 
true  variation.  In  a  genus,  we  name  its  species,  though  they 
look  similar ;  in  a  species,  we  name  races,  though  there  is  not 
much  difference  and  they  are  similar;  in  a  tr.f.,  we  name  its 
divisions,  though  they  also  "look  similar".  What  holds  good 
for  one  must  hold  good  for  another ;  otherwise,  we  break  down 
the  whole  taxonomic  system. 

Eighth.     In  a  species,  or  perhaps   I  should  say  a  butterfly 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  267 

group,  two  nani;il)!e  tr.fs.  may  he  expected  under  Change  of 
Pattern  and  two  presumably  under  Change  of  Color,  although 
in  color  change  it  is  rare  indeed  that  more  than  one  is  lound 
or  even  possibly  exists.  Under  Change  of  Pattern  it  is  quite 
often  the  caseihat  only  one  tr.f.  is  found,  the  opposite  tendency 
having  "died  out"  or  rather  the  ability  to  produce  no  longer 
is  there,  no  longer  needed  perhaps.  Tn  Cynthia  cardni  L.  we 
have  an  example  of  this;  its  tr.f.  elyuii  Ivamb.  (albifusism) 
being  common  and  world  wide,  while  its  tr.f.  ate  Stkr.  (melani- 
fusism)  is  known  by  the  single  holotype  collected  in  Summit 
County,  Ohio. 

Xintli.  Of  the  two  kinds  or  opposed  tr.fs.  in  a  species,  the 
common  or  predominant  type  continues  to  be  in  excess,  that  is, 
within  our  idea  of  a  localized  geographical  region.  In  southern 
California  we  have  a  preponderance  of  Eitphy.  chalcedona,  tr.f. 
fusimacula  B.  The  inbreeding  of  its  elongated  white  spotting 
tends  to  lighten  up  the  parental  stock  of  this  region.  In  northern 
California  and  Oregon  we  have  an  excess  of  Enf>h\.  colon,  tr.f. 
mcdunnoughi  G.  (similar  to  chalccdona  inariana  B.).  Its 
melanifusism  continues  to  retain  or  increase  the  dark  design  of 
colon  and  further  restrict  what  light  maculation  is  present.  It 
would  be  interesting  to  know  the  theoretically  balanced  territory 
between  these  two. 

Tenth.  Examples  of  tr.fs.  approaching  or  nearest  parental 
type  are  always  more  numerous  than  those  examples,  termed 
well  developed,  which  are  farthest  away  from  parental  type. 
A  charted  arc  of  proportion  usually  shows  ()9  percent  near 
parental  type  and  1  percent  opposite.  Sometimes  the  smaller 
.percentage  is  larger,  depending  on  the  "state  of  flux",  but  never 
is  the  proportion  anywhere  near  reversed.  The  grading  of 
color  and  pattern  of  tr.fs.  into  parental  type  is  absolute;  that 
is,  it  is  impossible  to  draw  a  line  of  demarcation. 

Eleventh.  A  family  or  genus  considered  in  a  state  of  flux 
produces  more  tr.fs.,  while  those  considered  constant  have 
fewer,  it  any.  As  an  illustration,  the  Satyridae  are  constant. 
while  the  Nymphalidae  are  not. 

T-^-i'lflli.  In  some  tr.fs.  all  four  wing  surfaces  do  not  uni- 
formerly  register  color  or  pattern  change.  Sometimes  only  the 
primaries  show  development,  other  times  only  the  secondaries. 


268  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

In  rare  cases  a  left  primary  or  a  right  primary  only  or  a 
secondary  is  subject  to  change.  Occasionally  melanifusism  and 
alhifusism,  for  example,  are  found  in  combination.  Tr.f.  classi- 
fication via  the  method  of  wing  distribution  or  combination  is 
taxonomically  impractical.  Dr.  John  A.  Comstock  in  his  "But- 
terflies of  California",  page  302,  suggests  this  method,  but  he 
has  since  discarded  it  as  wholly  inadequate  for  obvious  reasons. 

Thirteenth.  Fancy  breeding  tactics  have  thus  far  resulted  in 
producing  no  more  tr.fs.  than  similar  numbers  which  can  be 
caught  in  the  field,  of  times  less.  (A  reason  for  this  is  given 
in  last  paragraph,  page  108,  April,  1928,  ENT.  NEWS.) 

Fourteenth.  Individual  forms,  freaks,  abnormalities  and 
sports  (these  are  the  unnamables)  occur  /;;  the  same  ratio  in 
tr.fs.  as  they  do  in  the  typicals  of  same  species. 

Fifteenth.  Color  change  or  pattern  change,  as  found  on  the 
wing  of  a  tr.f.  lepidopteron,  is  superficial  to  its  physical  well 
being  and  does  not  incapacitate  the  reproductive  organism  of 
the  individual.  (Sometimes  tr.fs.  are  spoken  of  as  "weak". 
They  are  no  weaker  than  similarly  found  weak  typicals.  The 
proportion  is  relative.  This  weakness  is  coincident  and  due  to 
other  causes.)  As  indicated  elsewhere,  tr.fs.  are  capable  of 
simple  and  well-defined  classification,  but  if  they  are  just  dere- 
licts of  nature  and  not  due  to  a  degree  of  inheritance,  then 
their  classification  would  be  as  difficult  and  complex  as  are  the 
various  causes  which  contribute  to  an  inconsistent,  alien  and 
terminative  existence. 

Sixteenth.  Being  fertile  produce  of  a  progressive  or  retro- 
gressive inheritance  which  they  transmit  by  their  continual  oc- 
curence  in  parental  stock,  tr.fs.  are  the  undoubted  medium  or 
driving  force  behind  modification.  They  are  Nature's  First 
Lieutenants,  carrying  out  her  orders  by  distributing  those  over- 
developed characteristics  which  bring  to  Lepidoptera  that  en- 
vironmental ratio  of  change  necessary  as  to  wing  color  and 
pattern. 

A  careful  perusal  of  the  above  statements  will  show  that 
transition  forms  are  IMPORTANT  Lepidoptera  and  that  they  will 
continue  to  have  as  NECESSARY  and  LEGITIMATE  a  position  in 
Macrolepidoptera  classification  as  any  concept  lower  than 
species. 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  269 

My  Ideas  on  the  Naming  of  Lepidoptera. 

By  JAMES  E.  COTTLE,  Haywarcl,  California. 

I  have  always  been  an  amateur  in  the  field  of  entomology ; 
that  is,  I  have  never  attempted  much  real  taxonomic  work. 
There  are  certain  advantages  for  anyone  who  can  retain  his 
amateur  standing  and  I  have  had  the  opportunity  of  enjoying 
most  of  these.  Being  able  to  actually  discover  new  species  and 
track  down  the  out-of-the-way  habitats  of  the  rarer  sorts  has 
its  benefits  and  rewards.  An  amateur  with  a  good  collection, 
and  I  consider  that  I  have  a  fair  one,  season  after  season  of 
actual  field  experience,  usually  accumulates  a  little  practical 
knowledge.  Whether  this  is  any  better  or  any  worse  than  that 
of  "desk  professionals",  who  have  only  book  learning  and 
laboratory  experience  with  assorted  material  at  best,  is  a  matter 
of  opinion.  Sometimes  younger  professionals  lack  the  broader 
essentials  of  analysis  and  their  viewpoint  never  rises  above 
some  of  the  impractical  sides  of  what  they  are  taught.  The 
character  of  their  instruction,  though,  is  ofttimes  reflected  in 
the  ideas  they  exploit.  This  paper  expresses  adverse  judg- 
ment in  part  on  several  papers  l  by  such  professionals  which 
have  of  late  decried  the  naming  of  butterfly  variants. 

I  sometimes  feel  sorry  for  eastern  American  lepidopterists 
because  they  cannot  live  in  the  west  to  work  where  we  have 
75  percent  of  the  butterfly  habitats  and  most  of  the  butterflies 
which  show  good  variation.  The  better  western  collections  are 
built  up  with  the  idea  of  showing  variation,  while  those  in  the 
east,  leaving  out  the  Barnes'  collection  in  part,  are  usually 
short  on  specialized  series.  Sometimes  those  eastern  collections 
are  wonderful  from  the  standpoint  of  displaying  thousands  of 
world  species,  but  they  are  negative,  I  am  told,  when  it  comes 
to  showing  the  research  specialist  anything  about  the  different 
kinds  of  variation  range,  and  variation  follows  definite  courses 

1  A.  B.  KLOTZ.  On  the  Naming  of  Individual  Variants  in  Lepidoptera. 
ENT.  NEWS.,  Nov.  and  Dec.,  1930. 

G.  TALBOT.  The  Naming  of  Individual  Variants  in  Lepidoptera.  EXT. 
NEWS.  Mar.,  1931. 

A.  G.  RICHARDS,  JR.  Sub-Sub-Specific  Names  in  Lepidoptera.  E.NT. 
NEWS,  Oct.,  1931. 


270  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  [Dec.,  '32 

in  a  species  which  can  be  demonstrated  and  traced  by  a  proper 
order  of  arrangement. 

I   wonder  where   Mr.    Klots,    followed   by   Mr.   Talbot   and 
trailed   by   Mr.    Richards,   Jr.,    ever   picked   up   the    idea   that 
transition   forms  were  anything  so  unworthy  as  to  be  called 
"individual  variants"?     I  don't  believe   I  have  ever  seen  that 
term  used  before.     Calling  them  that  is  misleading  and  makes 
me  think  of  Edgar  Allen  Poe's  no-never-hardly-ever  origina- 
tion.    The  well-known  Stanislaus  said,  "To  believe  u'itli  cer- 
tainty u'c  must  begin  by  doubting".     There  is  a  good  deal  of 
truth  in  that  and   I   imagine  the  above  three  gentlemen  who 
now  doubt,  and  it  is  only  natural  that  they  would  from  their 
restricted  viewpoints,  will  eventually  stop  calling  butterflies  "in- 
dividual variants"  and  call  them  by  their  described  names  or 
in  general  by  some  other  term  which  does  them  more  justice. 
To  call  these  specimens  aberrations  would  be  putting  them  in 
a  class  with  the  freaks  and  there  is  certainly  no  place  for  them 
in  with  that  unfortunate  group.     Perhaps  Mr.  Gunder's  term 
transition  form  is  just  as  good  as  any  other.     Mr.  Gunder  at 
least  originated  that  term  for  them.     To  be  "individual  vari- 
ants", specimens  must  be  of  exceptional  rare  occurrence,  hardly 
ever   seen,    unique,    unprecedented,    uncommon    and   scarce   as 
hen's   teeth.      This   is    NOT    THE    CASE   with   the   better-known 
transition  forms  and  I  hardly  think  it  worth  while  to  combat 
such  lack  of  knowledge  about  them  and  their  continual  occur- 
rence.    However,  I  am  going  to  give  one  instance  of  undimin- 
ished,  regular  and  mass  continuity  and  then  not  take  up  further 
valuable  text   space   in   that   regard.      I   call   attention  to   tr.f. 
muellcri  of    Cynthia    carye   Hbn.    which   was   named    by    Mr. 
Letcher.     I  knew  Letcher  very  well  and  he  had  a  good  series 
of  these  tr.fs.     When  muellcri  was  named  in  1898,  he  said  in 
his  o.d.,  "It  is  found  with  such  frequency  as  to  entitle  it  to  a 
name.      Whether    it    is    a    remarkable    case   of    'aberration,'   a 
number  taking  the  same  form,  or  an  example  of  the  evolution 
of  a  true  variety,  time  only  wrill  tell."     Is  not  that  sentence  by 
Mr.  Letcher  significant  of  what  knowledge  they  had  in  an  older 
generation?    And  doesn't  it  show  plentifulness  instead  of  indi- 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  271 

vidualness  even  for  that  period  ?    Two  contemporary  collectors, 
Mr.  Mueller  and  Mr.  Grinnell  also  possessed  numbers  of  these 
specimens ;  in  fact,  Mr.  Grinnell  named  one  of  these  "steps  in 
the  grade  of"   inucllcri   which  has   since  been    shown    by    Mr. 
Gunder  to  be  a  synonym.     Mr.  C.  J.   Huguenin,  another  San 
Francisco  man  who  passed  away  not  long  ago,  also  had  5  or  6 
examples  in  his  collection  and  his  collection  was  not  considered 
very   large.      My   first   collection,   which   was   destroyed   in   the 
San  Francisco  fire,  had  a  dozen  or  so  phases  of  tr.f.  inucllcri 
represented.     Around  San  Francisco  at  the  present  time  most 
of  the  collections  display  specimens  which  stand  under  the  name 
of  tr.f.  inucllcri  and  there  are  quite  a  number  of  them.    All  the 
above  recites  only  what  I  know  of  in  my  region.     To  the  south 
in  Los  Angeles,  I  understand  that  inucllcri  is  just  as  well  repre- 
sented.    Mr.  Gunder  in  his  Butterflies  of  Los  Angeles  County, 
Calif.   (Bui.  So.  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  plate  23.  May-Aug.,  1930) 
figures  20  specimens  and  they  seem  to  be  all  of  the  well-devel- 
oped  types,   so  the  nearer  parental  types,  which  he  does  not 
illustrate,  must  be  even  more  in  excess.     To  sum  up  all  the 
above  data,  one  would  hardly  be  able  to  call  tr.f.  inucllcri  an 
"individual  variant",  considering  its  commonness.     If  not.  then 
what  transition  forms  can  be  called  "individual  variants"       I 
don't  think  any  of  them  can  be.     As  a  species  is  rare,  so  would 
their  tr.fs.  be  rare,  but  rareness  is  not  a  criterion  of  value  to 
go  by  when  seeking  a  term  to  call  this  group  by ;   so,   "indi- 
vidual variants"  is  wrong  and  very  wrongly  used  as  a  head- 
line by  the  gentlemen  mentioned  in  the  forepart  of  this  article. 
My  idea  on  the  naming  of  lepidoptera  is  that  "concepts  below 
the  rank  of  subspecies   MAY  bear  scientific  names    (Talbot)", 
but  I  go  a  step  farther  and  say  that  they  SHOULD  bear  scien- 
tific  names;   however,    (now   this    is    important),    such   names 
must  be  subject  to  regulation  to  save  duplication.     Mr.  Gunder 
is  using  a  scheme  for  their  classification.     Can  anyone  suggest 
a  better  scheme  if  "Gunder's  scheme  is  untenable",  according 
to  Klots,  Talbot  and  Richards,  Jr.?     Remember  that  for  years 
Dyar,  McDunnough,  Benjamin  and  others  have  been   praying 
for  a  way  to  hold  in  check  or  classify  "abs.".     Gentlemen,  it  is 


272  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

easy  to  use  the  word  "fail"  ;  that  is,  it  is  easier  to  be  critical 
than  to  be  correct,  but  have  you  anything  to  offer  in  place  of 
Gunder's  system  ?  Among  the  so-called  "abs."  in  North  Amer- 
ican Check  Lists,  are  yon  prepared  to  point  out  specific  in- 
stances of  failure  as  far  as  classification  for  name  retention 
goes?  You  have  used  the  word  "fail"!  Now,  back  up  that 
statement,  not  with  generalities,  nor  by  citation  of  little-known 
exotics,  but  by  instances  of  failure  in  American  names  given 
American  butterflies. 


Some  Uses  of  Masonite  Board  in  the  Mounting  of  Insects 

Being  recently  forced  to  devise  some  means  of  making 
serviceable  spreading  boards  for  Lepidoptera  and  a  spreading 
surface  for  beetles  cheaply  and  quickly  I  obtained  some  Mason- 
ite slabs  from  a  nearby  lumber  company  and  setting  to  work 
soon  produced  the  desired  equipment.  Hoping  that  the  man- 
ner in  which  I  managed  to  solve  this  problem  may  be  of  some 
help  to  others,  I  am  giving  here  a  brief  description  of  what 
was  done. 

To  those  who  are  not  acquainted  with  Masonite  board,  I 
will  say  that  it  is  made  of  a  soft  pulp  composition  with  one 
side  smooth  and  the  other  slightly  perforated  and  is  used  mostly 
for  insulating  the  walls  of  houses.  This  material  is  coming  in 
for  more  and  more  use  among  Entomologists  as  a  substitute 
for  cork  and  in  the  opinion  of  many  is  better  than  that  for 
which  it  substitutes  as  well  as  cheaper. 

The  making  of  spreading  boards  with  the  aid  of  this  material 
is  child's  play.  The  Masonite  is  simply  cut  up  into  strips  a 
foot  and  a  half  long  with  the  width  varying  with  the  size  of 
spreading  board  desired.  Then  redwood  boards  are  obtained 
of  the  same  length,  about  three  inches  in  width  and  three  quar- 
ters of  an  inch  in  depth.  These  boards  are  placed  on  a  flat 
wooden  surface  with  their  smoothest  sides  down  and  their 
finest  edges  parallel  at  a  distance  varying  with  the  size  of  the 
insects  which  are  to  be  mounted  on  that  particular  board.  The 
Masonite  strip  is  next  placed  down  squarely  over  these  two 
boards  with  its  smooth  side  against  them  and  is  securely  nailed 
to  them  with  four  nails,  two  at  each  end.  In  my  particular 
case  the  nails  were  slightly  too  long  and  came  through  the 
boards,  but  a  file  soon  fixed  this  up  and  the  upper  surfaces 
of  the  boards  sandpapered  to  make  them  smoother.  I  have 
found  spreading  boards  made  in  this  way  to  be  quite  as 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

serviceable  as  the  best  of  the  custom  made  ones  and  it  is  easily 
possible  to  make  a  set  of  ten  of  them  in  the  short  space  of 
an  hour. 

The  spreading  surface  stand  that  was  produced  with  the  aid 
of  Masonite  turned  out  very  well  and  was  made  very  quickly. 
Four  redwood  boards  of  the  same  size  as  those  used  in  making 
the  spreading  boards  are  placed  in  an  even  square  on  a  flat 
surface  first.  On  top  of  them  is  placed  a  square  of  Masonite 
cut  so  as  to  fit  over  them  evenly  and  this  is  nailed  on  to  them 
strongly.  Next  a  square  of  stiff  paper  of  the  same  size  is  cut 
out  and  then  soaked  with  water.  The  wet  paper  is  stretched 
as  tightly  as  possible  across  the  upper  surface  of  the  stand 
opposite  to  the  Masonite  and  tacked  in  place.  This  paper  when 
allowed  to  dry  in  the  sun  should  become  as  taut  as  the  head 
of  a  drum  and  with  the  soft  Masonite  underneath  to  receive 
the  points  of  the  pins  to  any  desired  depth  proves  an  admirable 
mounting  stand  for  Coleoptera,  Hymenoptera  and  similar  in- 
sects. 

D.  V.  BROWN,  Berkeley,  California. 


Entomological   Literature 

COMPILED  BY  LAURA  S.   MACKEY   UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OF 

E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

Under  the  above  head  it  is  intended  to  note  papers  received  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  pertaining  to  the  En- 
tomology of  the  Americas  (North  and  South),  including-  Arachnida  and 
Myriopoda.  Articles  irrelevant  to  American  entomology  will  not  be  noted; 
but  contributions  to  anatomy,  physiology  and  embryology  of  insects, 
however,  whether  relating  to  American  or  exotic  species  will  be  recorded. 

The  figures  within  brackets  [  ]  refer  to  the  journal  in  which  the  paper 
appeared,  as  numbered  in  the  list  of  Periodicals  and  Serials  published  in 
our  January  and  June  issues.  This  list  may  be  secured  from  the  pub- 
lisher of  ENTOMOLOGICAL  NEWS  for  lOc.  The  number  of,  or  annual  volume, 
and  in  some  cases  the  part,  heft,  &c.  the  latter  within  (  )  follows;  then 
the  pagination  follows  the  colon  : 

All  continued  papers,  with  few  exceptions,  are  recorded  only  at  their 
first  installments. 

*Papers  containing  new  forms  or  names  have  an  preceding  the 
author's  name. 

(S)  Papers  pertaining  exclusively  to  neotropical  species,  and  not  so 
indicated  in  the  title,  have  the  symbol  (S)  at  the  end  of  the  title  of 
the  paper. 

For  records  of  Economic  Literature,  see  the  Experiment  Station  Rec- 
ord, Office  of  Experiment  Stations.  Washington.  Also  Review  of  Applied 
Entomology,  Series  A,  London.  For  records  of  papers  on  Medical  Ento- 
mology, see  Review  of  Applied  Entomology,  Series  B. 

tS"Notc  the  chaniic  in  tin-  method  of  cititu/  the  bibliographical  references,  as 
explained  above. 

Papers  published   iti    the   Entomological  News  are   not   listed. 

GENERAL. — Anon — European  trip  of  entomologists. 
Entomological  work  of  the  University  of  California  at 
Riverside  and  Los  Angeles.  [68]  76:  402;  402-403.  Balduf, 
W.  V.— Our  friends  the  insects.  [Smiths.  Rep.]  1931  :  431- 


274  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

442.  Cooper,  K.  W. — Additions  to  the  New  York  State 
List  of  Insects.  [19]  27:  189-195.  Fassnidge,  W.— Entomol- 
ogy and  ethics.  Presidential  address  to  the  Entomological 
Society  of  the  South  of  England,  1931.  1932:  16  pp.  Faust, 
E.  C. — Discussion  of  Symposium  papers.  [7]  25:  629-630. 
Franz,  E. — Der  5  Internationale  Entomologenkongress  zu 
Paris  18-23.  Juli  1932.  [17]  48:  177-182.  Gunder,  J.  D.- 
Lost  in  the  forest  of  original  descriptions.  [19]  27:  205-206, 
ill.  Heller  &  Meisels — Radiographs  of  Insects.  [31]  130: 
629.  Howard,  L.  O. — Some  human  eye-spots  classified 
zoologically.  [68]  76:  409.  Lahille,  F. — Ciencia  aplicada  y 
ciencia  pura  Entomologia  y  Parasitologia.  [104]  5:  49-60. 
Meissner,  O.— Die  insekten  bei  Homer.  [17]  48:  186-188. 
Ruediger,  E. — Vom  anthropocentrischen  standpunkt.  [17] 
48:  188-189.  Thorpe,  W.  H.— Colonisation  of  the  sea  by 
insects.  [31]  130:629-630.  Zerkowitz,  A.— Bericht  iiber  den 
V.  Internationalen  Entomologen-Kongress.  [14]  46:  110- 
111,  121-123. 

ANATOMY,   PHYSIOLOGY,   ETC.— Buxton,   P.  A.- 

Terrestrial  insects  and  the  humidity  of  the  environment. 
[Biol.  Rev.  £  Biol.  Pro.  Cambridge  Phil.  Soc.]  7:  275-320, 
ill.  Herrns,  W.  B. — Non-bloodsucking  flies  as  vectors  of 
pathogenic  micro-organisms.  [7]  25:  623-628.  Hill  &  Bur- 
dett. — Fertility  of  bees  and  vitamin  E.  [31]  130:  540.  Hin- 
rnan,  E.  H. — Mosquitoes  in  relation  to  human  welfare.  [7] 
25 :  613-623.  Maclagan,  D.  S. — The  effect  of  population 
density  upon  rate  of  reproduction  with  special  reference  to 
insects.  [Proc.  R.  Soc.,  London]  B  111:  437-454.  Marcu,  O. 
— Beitrag  zur  kenntnis  der  stridtilationsorgane  von  Hydro- 
philus  mid  Hydrobius.  [34]  100:  80-81,  ill.  Marshall  & 
Staley. — Influence  of  light  on  the  gorging  of  Culex  pipiens. 
[31]  130:  506-507.  Pagast,  F.— Ueber  die  Metamorphose- 
stadien  von  Chironomus  vulneratus.  (Gruppe  Cryptochi- 
ronomus  s.  str.)  [56]  11:  155-162,  ill.  Pearce,  E.  J.  —  A 
remarkable  teratological  specimen  of  Haliplus  obliquus. 
[8]  68:  205-206,  ill.  Richardson,  H.  H.— An  efficient  med- 
ium for  rearing  houseflies  throughout  the  year.  [68]  76: 
350-351.  Schwardt,  H.  H. — Bloodsucking  and  non-blood- 
sucking-flies in  relation  to  human  welfare.  [7]  25  :  603-613. 
Snodgrass,  R.  E. — Evolution  of  the  insect  head  and  the 
organs  of  feeding.  [Smiths.  Rep]  '1931:  443-489.  Wood- 
worth,  C.  E. — Some  effects  of  reduced  atmospheric  pressure 
upon  honey  bee  respiration.  [12]  25:  1036-1042,  ill.  Zales- 
sky,  G. — On  the  wing  venation  of  dragonflies  and  mayflies 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    XK\VS 

and  their  phylogenetic  evolution.   (Russian,  Abs.  English.) 
[Bui.  Acad.  Sci.   Leningrad]    1932:   713-733,   ill. 

ARACHNIDA  AND  MYRIOPODA.— Banks,  Newport 
&  Bird. — Oklahoma  spiders.  [Univ.  Oklahoma  Publ.]  4:  1- 
49,  ill.  Hilton,  W.  A. — Tartarid  whip-scorpions  of  Southern 
California.  [13]  24:  45-46.  Hubbell,  T.  H.— An  unusual  oc- 
currence of  spiders  in  northern  Florida.  |7]  25:  502-504,  ill. 
von  Kolosvary  G. — Beitrage  zu  den  dessinvariationen  der 
spinnen.  [34]  100:  192-198,  ill. 

THE  SMALLER  ORDERS  OF  INSECTS.— Bird,  R.  D. 

-Dragon flies  of  Oklahoma.  [Univ.  Oklahoma  Publ.]  4:  51- 
57.  Bonet,  F. — Introduccion  al  estudio  de  los  Colembolos. 
[104]  5:  36-48,  ill.  Brown,  J.  M—  Report  on  the  Collem- 
bola  collected  by  the  Oxford  University  Expedition  to 
Hudson  Strait,  1931.  [75]  10:  330-340,  ill."  Essig,  E.  O.- 
The  California  salmon  fly.  [55]  8:  162.  *Geijskes,  D.  C.- 
The  dragonfly-fauna  of  Trinidad  in  the  British  West  Indies 
(Odonata).  [*Zool.  Mededeelingen,  Leiden]  14:  232-262,  ill. 
Klots,  E.  B. — Insects  of  Porto  Rico  and  the  Virgin  Islands. 
Odonata  or  dragon  flies.  [Sci.  Surv.  P.  R.  &  Virg.  Ids.]  14: 
107  pp.,  ill.  *McDunnough,  J. — New  species  of  North 
American  Ephemeroptera  II.  [4]  64:  209-215,  ill.  Mills, 
H.  B. — The  life  history  and  thoracic  development  of  Oligo- 
toma  texana  (Embiidina).  [7]  25:  648-652,  ill.  Pearman, 
J.  V. — Notes  on  the  genus  Psocus,  with  special  reference 
to  the  British  species.  [8]  68:  193-204,  ill.  Pickens,  A.  L.- 
Observations  on  the  genus  Reticulitermes.  [55]  8:  178-180. 
*Priesner,  H. — Neue  Thysanopteren  aus  Mexiko,  gesam- 
melt  von  Prof.  Dr.  A.  Dampf.  [48]  49:  170-185.  *Smith, 
R.  C— The  Chrysopidae  of  Canada.  [7]  25:  579-601,  ill. 
Snyder  &  Popenoe. — The  founding  of  new  colonies  by  Reti- 
culitermes flavipes.  [95]  45:  153-157,  ill. 

ORTHOPTERA. — *Ander,  K. — Neue  Laubheuschrecken. 

[K.  Fysiogr.  Sails.  Lund  Fo'rh.]  2:  16  pp.,  ill.  (S).  Brom- 
ley, S.  W. — Observations  on  the  Chinese  mantid  Parateno- 
dera  sinensis.  [19]  27:  196-201.  Caudell,  A.  N.— Insects  of 
the  order  Orthoptera  of  the  Pinchot  Expedition  of  1929. 

[50]  80,  Art.  21:  7  pp.  (S).  Henderson,  W.  W.— Crickets 
and  grasshoppers  in  Utah.  [Utah  Agric.  Exp.  Sta.]  Circ. 
96:  38  pp.,  ill.  *Rehn,  J.  A.  G. — Wissenschaftliche  ergeb- 
nisse  der  schwedischen  entomologischen  Reisen  des  Herrn 

Dr.  A.  Roman  1<M4-1915  und  1923-1924  in  Amazonas  lilatti- 

dae.  [Ark.  for  Zool.J  24  A  (11)  :  73  pp.,  ill.     Sjostedt,  Y- 


276  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

Orthopterentypen  im  Naturhistorischen   Reichsmuseum  zu 
Stockholm.  [83]  24:  1-89,  ill. 

HEMIPTERA.— *  Anderson,  L.  D.— A  monograph  of  the 
genus  Metrobates  (Gerridae).  [Univ.  Kansas  Sci.  Bull.] 
20:  297-311,  ill.  *Beamer,  R.  H.— Some  Erythroneura 
(Grape  Leaf  Hoppers)  of  the  Maculata  group.  (Cicadelli- 
dae.)  [4]  64:  174-181.  *Beamer,  R.  H.— A  new  Erythron- 
eura related  to  Erythroneura  rubricata  (Cicadellidae.)  [55] 
8:  183-184.  *Beamer,  R.  H. — Some  Erythroneura  from  the 
western  United  States.  (Cicadellidae.)  [103]  5:  123-127. 
*DeLong,  D.  M. — Three  species  of  Empoasca  leaf  hoppers 
known  to  affect  economic  plants  in  Haiti  (including  the 
description  of  two  new  species).  [Jour.  Dept.  Agric.  Puerto 
Rico]  16:  113-115,  ill.  *Drake  &  Harris.— An  undescribed 
water-strider  from  Honduras.  (Gerridae.)  [55]  8:  157-158. 
*Hungerford,  H.  B. — A  new  Platygerris  with  notes  on  P. 
caeruleus  (Gerridae).  [19]  27:  178-182.  Hungerford,  H.  B. 
—Concerning  a  fossil  water  bug  from  the  Florissant  (Nepi- 
dae).  [Univ.  Kansas  Sci.  Bull.]  20:  327-331,  ill.  *Lawson, 
P.  B. — The  genus  Spangbergiella  (Cicadellidae)  in  America 
north  of  Mexico.  [103]  5:  116-122,  ill.  *McAtee,  W.  L.- 
A  new  neotropical  genus  of  Eupteryginae  from  Puerto 
Rico.  [Jour.  Dept.  Agric.  Puerto  Rico]  16:  119-120.  ill. 
*Melichar,  L. — Monographic  der  Cicadellinen.  [Ann.  Hist.- 
Nat.  Mus.  Nat.  Hungarici]  27:  285-328.  (S.)  ^Nottingham, 
J.  O. — The  genus  Carneocephala  (Cicadellidae).  [103]  5: 
97-115,  ill.  *Tissot,  A.  N. — Three  new  aphids  of  the  tribe 
Chaitophorini.  [39]  16:  17-24,  ill.  *Usinger,  R.  L.— Miscel- 
laneous studies  in  the  Henicocephalidae.  [55]  8:  145-156, 
ill. 

LEPIDOPTERA— Benjamin,  F.  H.--New  synonymy 
(Phalaenidae  and  Lasiocampidae).  [10]  34:  124-127.  Bour- 
quin,  F. — Observaciones  biologicas  sobre  "Agathodes  desig- 
ualis"  (Pyrausticlae).  [104]  5:  13-14,  ill.  Breyer,  A.— Ca- 
racteristicas  de  algunas  orugas.  [104]  5:  62-66,  ill.  *Brown, 
F.  M.  -  -  Pieridae  from  the  regions  of  Mt.  Duida  and  Mt. 
Roraima.  |40]  572:  7  pp.,  ill.  (S.)  Campos,  F. — Catalogo 
preliminar  de  los  Lepidopteros  del  Ecuador.  [Rev.  Col.  Nac. 
V.  Rocafuerte]  13:  1-158.  ill.  Degryse,  J.  J. — Notes  on  the 
early  stages  of  the  European  pine  shoot  moth.  [4]  64:  169- 
173,  ill.  Ferreira  d'Almeida,  R. — Quelques  legeres  remar- 
ques  sur  plusieurs  groupes  superieurs  des  Lepidopteres 
americains.  [Lambillionea]  32:  166-171.  *Gehlen,  B. — -Neue 
Sphingiden.  [17]  48:  182-184,  ill.  (S.)  *Gunder,  J.  D.— A 


xliii,    '32]  KXTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS 

new  butterfly  record  for  California  (Phyciodes  tharos).  [55] 
8:  158.  *Hayward,  K.  J. — Lepidopteros  Argentines.  Hes- 
peridae.  [104]  5:  19-35,  ill.,  cont.  Keifer,  H.  H.— Epheslia 
kuehniella  fuscofasciella  in  California.  |55]  8:  156.  Kohler 
&  Gemignani — Los  Lepidopteros  del  Aluseo  Nacional  de 
Historia  Natural  de  Buenos  Aires  "Bernardino  Rivadavia". 
[104]  5:  67-72.  Kohler,  P. — Los  Pericopinae  Argentines. 
( 104]  5:  6-12,  ill.  Lemmer,  F. — New  and  rare  records  of 
Lepidoptera  from  the  U.  S.  [19]  27:  177.  O'Byrne,  H.- 
Notes  on  butterfly  migration.  [19]  27:  185-188.  Sternitzky, 
R.  F. —  A  locality  for  Argynnis  behrensii.  [55]  8:  170. 
*Strassberger,  R.  -  -  Syssisphinx  molina  obtusa  ssp.  nov. 
[104]  5:  15-18,  ill  (S.) 

DIPTERA. — Boyd,  M.  F. — Successful  cage  rearing  of 
Anopheles  quadrimaculatus.  [68]  76:  370-371.  Collado,  J.  G. 
— Sobre  la  armadura  genital  del  genero  Cvrtus  (Cyrt.). 
[Bol.  Soc.  Espanola  Hist.  Nat.]  32:  311-316,  ill.  Edwards, 
F.  W. — A  note  on  the  genus  Vermitigris  (Rhagionidae). 
[Stylops]  1:  217-220,  ill.  Esaki,  T.— A  peculiar  type  of 
distribution  occurring  among  some  Diptera-Nematocera  in 
Japan  and  North  America  and  a  hypothesis  of  its  origin. 
[19]  27:  183-184.  *Felt,  E.  P.— A  new  predaceous  gall 
midge  for  California.  [55]  8:  167-168.  *Felt,  E.  P.— A  new 
citrus  cambium  miner  from  Puerto  Rico.  [Jour.  Dept. 
Agric.  Puerto  Rico]  16:  117-118.  Hall,  D.  G.— Biology  of 
Sarothromyia  femoralis  var.  simplex.  (Calliphoridae).  [7] 
25:  641-647,  ill.  *Hendel,  F.— Die  ausbeute  der  deutschen 
Chaco-Expedition  1925-26.-Diptera.  Sciomyzidae,  Laux- 
aniidae,  Tanypezidae,  Lonchaeidae,  Tylidae,  Drosophilidae, 
Milichiidae.  "[56]  11  :  115-145,  ill.  *Krober,  O.— Neue  Suda- 
merikanische  Tabaniden  des  Ungarischen  National-Mu- 
seums und  einiger  anderer  Institute.  [Ann.  Hist. -Nat.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hungarici]  27:  329-350,  ill.  *Malloch,  J.  R.— Exotic 
Muscaridae.  [75]  10:  297-330,  ill.  Schwardt,  H.  H.- -The 
life  histories  of  two  horseflies.  [7]  25:  631-637,  ill.  ^own- 
send,  C.  H.  T. — A  remarkable  new  genus  and  species  of 
two-winged  flies  related  to  the  Oestridae.  [50]  82.  Art.  1  : 
4  pp.  (S.) 

COLEOPTERA. — *Arrow,  G.  J. — New  species  of  Lam- 
ellicorn  beetles.  (Coprinae)  from  South  America.  [Stylops] 
1  :  223-226.  ill.  *Barrett,  R.  E. — New  Colepptera  Erom  Cali- 
fornia [55]  8:  171-172.  Beller  &  Hatch— Coleoptera  of 
Washington  Chrysomelidae.  [Univ.  Wash.  Publ.  Biol.|  1: 
69-144,  ill.  *Brown,  W.  J. — Additional  notes  on  the  Cole- 


278  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

optera  of  the  north  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 
[4]  64:  198-209,  ill.  Carr,  F.  S— New  Arctic  Coleoptera. 
[4]  64:  191-192.  Chapin,  E.  A. — Autoserica  pro  Aserica 
(Scarabaeidae).  [10]  34:  122-124.  *Fall,  H.  C.— Diphyllos- 
toma:  A  third  species.  [55]  8:  159-161,  ill.  Frost,  C/A.— 
A  touching  tale  of  the  quaking  quag.  [19]  27:  195.  Frost, 
C.  A. — An  interesting  northern  record.  [19]  27:  188.  Frost, 
C.  A. — Amalus  haemorrhous  in  Massachusetts.  [19]  27:  184. 
Frost,  C.  A. — Brathinus  varicornis.  [5]  39:  51.  Hatch,  M. 
H. — The  pennsylvanicus  group  of  Harpalus.  [19]  27:  173- 
176.  Hopping,  G.  R. — Studies  in  the  life  history  of  Trachy- 
kele  blondeli.  [4|  64:  189-191.  Hopping,  G.  R.— A  revision 
of  the  Clytini  of  Boreal  America  (Cerambycidae).  [7]  25: 
529-577,  ill.  Hopping,  R.— A  taxonomic  note.  [4]  64:  173. 
Keifer,  H.  H. — Note  on  the  antenna  and  frons  of  larvae  of 
the  Curculionidae.  [55]  8:  182.  *Liljeblad,  E.— A  new 
species  of  Cicindela  from  Illinois.  [4]  64:  215-216.  *Martin, 
J.  O.— A  new  California  Epicauta  (Meloidae).  [55]  8:  169- 
170.  *Pic,  M. — Lycides  nouveaux  ou  pen  connus  de 
1'Amerique  Meridionale.  [104]  5:  1-5.  Siepmann,  C.  G.— 
Notes  on  collecting  certain  Histeridae.  [19]  27:  202.  Siep- 
mann, C.  G.— Omosita  discoidea  in  New  York.  [19]  27:  182. 
*Zimmerrnan,  E.  C. — A  new  Auletes  from  California  (Cur- 
culionidae). [55]  8:  181-182. 

HYMENOPTERA.— Bruch,  C.— Apuntes  sobre  costum- 
bres  de  'Trypoxylon  palliditarse".  1 106]  115:  49-61,  ill. 
*Cockerell,  T.  D.  A. — A  new  bee  of  the  genus  Hoplitis. 
[19]  27:  203-204.  *Cockerell,  T.  D.  A.— Bees  of  the  genus 
Andrena  from  California.  [55]  8:  173-177.  Cockerell,  T.  D. 
A. — The  Vespula  marginata  of  Kirby.  [55]  8:  161.  Cole, 
A.  C. — Analyses  of  the  stomach  contents  of  two  species  of 
Idaho  lizards,  with  special  reference  to  the  Formicidae. 
[7]  25:  638-640,  ill.  *Dozier,  H.  L.— Descriptions  of  new 
mymarid  egg  parasites  from  Haiti  and  Puerto  Rico.  Notes 
on  the  genus  Aneristus  with  descriptions  of  new  species. 
(Chalcidoidea).  Two  important  West  Indian  seed-infest- 
ing chalcid  wasps.  [Jour.  Dept.  Agric.  Puerto  Rico]  16:  81- 
91,  93-102,  ill.,  103-112,  ill.  *Dozier,  H.  L.— The  identity 
of  certain  whitefly  parasites  of  the  genus  Eretmocerus  with 
descriptions  of  new  species  (Aphelininae).  [10]  34:  112- 
118,  ill.  *Dozier,  H.  L. — Two  undescribed  chalcid  parasites 
of  the  woolly  whitefly,  Aleurothrixus  floccosus  from  Haiti. 
[10]  34:  118-122.  Furbay,  J.  H.— The  swarming  of  ants. 
[68]  76:  367.  Hicks,  C.  H.— Nesting  habits  of  Sphex  xan- 
thopterus.  [4]  64:  193-198.  :1:Muesebeck,  C.  F.  W.— Two 


xliii,  '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL  \K\VS  279 

new  species  of  phytophagous  Eurytomidae  (Chalcidoidea). 
[10]  34:  109-112.  *Walley,  G.  S— Host  records  and  new 
species  of  Canadian  Hymenoptera.  [4]  181-189. 

SPECIAL    NOTICES— Etude   biologique   des    Coccides 

du  bassin  occidental  de  la  Mediterranee  par  A.  Balachow- 
sky.  This  Vol.  15  of  Encyclopedic  Entomologique.  Series 
A.  contains  214+61  pp.  46  fig.  14  map-(-7  plates  and  in- 
cludes "Catalogue  revise  des  Coccidae  du  Xurd  Africain." 


OBITUARY. 

Dr.  William  G.  Dietz. 

Dr.  WILLIAM  GEORGE  DIETZ  died  April  13,  1932,  in  his 
83rd  year.  His  entomological  interests  which  were  first  shown 
in  early  childhood  continued  up  to  the  end  of  his  life.  During 
his  last  few  weeks,  when  he  admitted  an  increasing  weariness, 
he  forced  himself  to  work  on  his  spiders  so  that  they  might 
be  left  in  condition  for  others  to  use. 

He  was  horn  in  Southern  Germany  (Tuingen,  we  think) 
July  30,  1848,  and  early  in  life  lost  all  his  family,  except  a 
grandmother,  in  one  of  the  smallpox  epidemics  which  ravaged 
the  country.  This  grandmother  was  apparently  a  woman  of 
discernment.  She  early  recognized  his  fondness  for  plant  and 
beetle  and  encouraged  him  in  his  natural  interests.  The  bond 
between  them  must  have  been  very  close  for  all  through  his 
long  life  he  revered  her  memory  and  her  birthdays  were  always 
for  him  holy  days. 

The  education  of  his  youth  was  thorough  and  broad.  In 
later  years  he  remembered  more  Latin  and  Greek  from  his 
early  training  than  his  daughters  knew  as  they  emerged  fresh 
from  three  and  four  year  courses  in  these  subjects. 

He  began  the  study  of  medicine  at  Heidelberg  in  1867.  His 
university  reports,  which  have  been  recently  found,  are  anno- 
tated by  his  professors  with  words  of  praise  for  his  industry 
and  skill.  His  work  at  the  university  was  interrupted  by  the 
Franco-Prussian  war  in  which  he  served  on  the  medical  staff. 
He  evidently  came  to  America  soon  after  the  close  of  the  war 
and  finished  his  interrupted  medical  work  at  Hahnemann  Medi- 
cal College  in  Philadelphia. 


280  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

While  studying  in  Philadelphia,  Fairmount  Park  was  an 
oasis  for  him.  Here  he  collected  beetles  and  studied  flowers. 
I  have  found  among  his  things  a  collection  of  mounted,  pressed 
wild  flowers  all  named,  classified  and  dated  1875.  They  are 
remarkably  well  preserved. 

His  entomological  interests  enriched  his  whole  life.  Through 
his  busy  years  as  a  physician  in  Hazleton,  Pennsylvania,  he 
combined  vocation  and  avocation  so  closely  that  life  was  busy 
for  him  from  early  morning  until  late  into  the  night.  As  a 
daughter  looking  back  upon  his  life,  I  recall  no  shadows  of 
illness,  nor  weariness,  nor  depression.  He  took  practically  no 
vacations.  After  his  strenuous  hours  of  professional  work,  he 
would  go  into  his  library  and  work  on  his  entomological  mate- 
rial. It  was  the  one  room  in  the  house  where  children  were 
expected  to  touch  nothing  and  where  efforts  at  house-cleaning 
raised  heavy  protest.  During  his  active  years  he  wrote  many 
entomological  papers  and  made  some  beautiful  drawings.  First 
Coleoptera,  then  Lepidoptera,  next  the  Diptera  and  finally  the 
Arachnida  held  his  interest.  He  did  much  collecting  himself 
and  of  course  had  many  who  collaborated  with  him.  His  col- 
lections are  preserved  in  various  institutions,  his  Coleoptera  and 
Microlepidoptera  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  his 
Diptera  and  Arachnida  in  the  Philadelphia  Academy.  His  family 
life  was  simple  and  serene.  He  was  devoted  to  his  wife,  Bertha 
Katharine  Waaser,  of  Schuylkill  Haven,  Pennsylvania,  and 
never  became  reconciled  to  the  separation  caused  by  her  death 
seven  years  prior  to  his  own.  Every  evening  at  six  o'clock, 
when  the  bells  of  a  nearby  church  played  the  evening  hymn,  it 
was  his  unbroken  custom  to  retire  to  his  bedroom  and  com- 
mune with  her  memory.  It  seems  more  than  a  coincidence 
that,  after  a  brief  illness  of  scarcely  three  days,  he  should  have 
slipped  away  at  that  same  hour  with  such  simplicity,  such 
dignity  and  with  such  apparent  willingness  to  go  that  his  pass- 
ing seemed  to  be  a  beginning  rather  than  the  ending  of  life. 

To  me  he  seems  a  perfect  example  of  an  attuned  personality. 


xliii,    '32]  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  281 

These  recent  years  of  financial  depression  did  not  reach  him 
emotionally.  His  philosophy  of  life  was  remarkable.  So  often, 
I  have  heard  him  say,  "Do  your  best  as  you  see  it  and  then 
don't  worry."  And  again,  "As  you  look  back  on  life,  nothing 
much  matters  except  giving  others  a  helping  hand,  help  others 
all  you  can."  Perhaps  if  more  of  us  could  combine  such  an 
abiding  interest  in  nature  with  such  an  humanitarian  attitude 
toward  our  fellowmen  and  could  hold  such  a  steadfast  faith 
in  a  future  life,  we  might  be  better  able  to  look  beyond  the 
common,  material  difficulties  of  life  and  see  more  clearly  the 
vision  which  shines  for  us  all  'on  the  horizon. 

MARJORIE  D.  BATCHELOR. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  WILLIAM  G.  DIETZ,  M.D. 
Compiled  by  E.  T.  CRESSON,  JR. 

1.  On  the  species  of  Macro  ps  Kirby,  inhabiting  North  Amer- 
ica.   [27  n.sps.]     Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XVI,  pp.   28-54, 
1  pi.,   1889.    [Col.] 

2.  Notes  on  the  species  of  Dcndroctomts  of  Boreal  America. 
[1   n.sp.]     Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XVII,  pp.  27-32,  figs., 
1890.   [Col.] 

3.  Revision   of   the   genera   and   species   of    Anthonomini    in- 
habiting   North    America.    [13    n.gen.,    69    n.sps.]      Trans. 
Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XVIII,  pp.  177-276,  3  pis.,  1891.  [Col.] 

4.  Revision  of  the  genera  and  species  of  Desmori  of  North 
America.  [2  n.gen.,  50  n.sps.]    Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XXI, 
Pl>.  113-178,  2  pis.,  1894.  [Col.] 

5.  Revision  of  the  genera  and  species  of  Ceutorhynchini  in- 
habiting North  America.    [8  n.gen.,  66  n.sp]     Trans.  Am. 
Ent.  Soc.,  XXIII,  pp.  387-480,  3  pis.,  1896.   [Col.] 

6.  Some    new    genera    and    species    of    Nforth]    Afmerican] 
Tineina.   [2  n.gen.,  3  n.sps.]    Ent.  Xcws,  XI,  pp.  349-353, 
1  pi.,  1900.  [Lep.] 

7.  On   Pi</ritia   Clemens.    [3   n.gen.,   26,   n.sps.]     Trans.   Am. 
Ent.  Soc.,  XXVII,  pp.  100-120,  2  pis..  1900.   [Lep.  | 

8.  Revision  of  the  genera  and  species  of  the  Tineid  subfamilies 
Amydriinae  and   Tineinae   inhabiting   North   America.    [13 
n.gen.,  58  n.sps.]    Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XXXT,  pp.  1-95, 
6  pis.,  1905.   [Lep.] 

9.  The  North  American  species  of  the  genus  Orni.v  Tr.   [10 
n.sps.  1   Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  [XXIII,  pp.  287-297,  1  pi., 
1907.  [Lep.] 


282  ENTOMOLOGICAL    NEWS  [Dec.,    '32 

10.  Note    on    Dryapthorus    Intuberculatus    Fab.    Ent.    News, 
XXI,  pp.  47-48,  1910.   [Col.] 

11.  Revision  of  the  Elastobasidae  of  North  America.  [3  n.gen., 
37  n.sps.]  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XXXVI,  pp.  1-72,  4  pis., 
1910.  [Lep.] 

12.  A  correction  [for  Americidcs  Kirkaldy].  Can.  Ent.,  XLII, 
p.   104.   [Lep.] 

13.  A  synopsis  of  the  described  North  American  species  of  the 
dipterous  genus   Tipula  L.  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  VI,   pp. 
461-484,  1913. 

14.  The  Hebes  group  of  the  dipterous  genus  Tipula  Linnaeus. 
[7n  sps.,  1  n.var.]  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XL,  pp.  345-363,  2 
pis.,  1914. 

15.  A  preoccupied  specific  name  in  Tipula  (Dipt.).  Ent.  News, 
XVI,  p.  125. 

16.  Two    new    Tipulidae    from    northern    Alberta.    [2   n.sps.] 
Can.  Ent.,  XLVII,  pp.  329-332,  fig.,  1915.    [Dip.] 

17.  Synoptical  table  of  the  North  American  species  of  Ormosia 
Rondani  (Rhyphlophus  Kolenati),  with  descriptions  of  new 
species.   [11  n.sps.]   Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XLII,  pp.  135- 
146,   1   pi.,   1916.    [Dip.] 

18.  Key  to  the  North  American  species  of  the  Tricolor  group 
of  the  dipterous  genus  Tipula  Linnaeus,  with  descriptions 
of  four  new  species.   Ent.  News,  XXVIII,  pp.  145-151,  1 
pi.,  1917. 

19.  A  revision  of  the  North  American  species  of  the  Tipulid 
genus  Pachyrhina,  with  descriptions  of  new  species   (Dip- 
tera).   [27  n.sps.,   1  n.var.]    Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XLIV, 
pp.  105-140,  4  pis.,  1918. 

20  The  Streptocera  group  of  the  dipterous  genus  Tipula  Lin- 
naeus. [6  n.sps.,  1  n.var.]  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  XII,  pp.  85- 
92,  1  pi.,  1919. 

21.  Three  new  crane-flies  from  eastern  Canada.  [3  n.sps.]  Can. 
Ent.,  LII,  pp.   5-8,    1920.    [Dip.] 

22.  A  new  species  of   Coptodisca   (Lepid.).   Can.  Ent.,  LIII, 
p.  44. 

23.  Impudica  group  of  the  dipterous  genus   Tipula  Linnaeus. 
[8  n.sps.]  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  XIV,  pp.  1-14,  1  pi.,  1921. 

24.  Descriptions    of    two    new    species    of    the    Angustipennis 
group  of  the  dipterous  genus  Tipula  Linnaeus,  with  table 
of  species.  Ent.  News,  XXXII,  pp.  299-302,  1921. 

25.  A  list  of  the  crane-flies  taken  in  the  vicinity  of  Hazleton, 
Pennsylvania  (Diptera).   [22  n.sps.,  2  n.var.]    Trans.  Am. 
Ent.  Soc.,  XLVII,  pp.  233-268,   1921. 


INDEX    TO    VOLUME    XLIII. 


(*  Indicates  new  genera,  species,  names,  etc.) 

ANONYMOUS.     Obituary:  Reginald  Heber  Howe 140 

BACHELOR,  MARJORIE  D.    Obituary :  Dr.  William  G.  Dietz  279 

BELL,  E.  L.     New  species  of  Pyrrhopygc.   (ill.) 68 

BENESH,  BERNARD.     Notes  on  some  stag-beetles 40 

BIRD,  RALPH  D.    Platycordulia  .ranthosoma  Williamson..   234 

The  pigeon  hawk  as  an  oclonatologist 242 

BLAISDELL,  F.  E.,   SR.     A  new  species  of  Phalcna  from 

the  Gulf  Coast  of  Alabama   116 

BROWN,  D.  V.    Some  uses  of  masonite  board  in  the  mount- 
ing of  insects   272 

CALKINS,  V.  F.     The  Rhopalocerous  lepidoptera  of  Scott 

County,  Kansas    210,  225,  257 

CALVERT,  P.  P.    Editorial :  Entomology  at  the  Convocation 

Week  meetings    46 

Editorial :  Insect  Racketeers 206 

Editorial :   Vcspa  crabro  in  Pennsylvania 215 

Obituary :  Andrew  Gray  Weeks   28 

Obituary:  Frederick  Arthur  Godfrey  Muir   56 

Obituary :  Ronald  Ross    252 

Obituary:   Prof.  J.  Fidel  Tristan   (portrait) 197 

Review :  Classification  of  Insects   222 

Review :  Jobs  for  the  College  Graduate  in  Science ....   224 

Review :  Fundamentals  of  Insect  Life    223 

Review :  Tettigometridae   in    General    Catalogue   of    the 

Hemiptera     224 

Review:  Textbook  of  Agricultural  Entomology 221 

CHAMBERLIN,  T.  R.     See  Rockwood,  L.  P.,  and  Chamber- 

lin,  T.  R. 
CTIAMPLAIN,  A.  B.,  and  KNULL,  J.  N.     Fermenting  baits 

for  trapping  Elateridae  and  Cerambycidae 253 

COCKERELL,  T.   D.   A.      An   additional   note  on   Andrcna 
hitei  and  A.  ribifloris 48 

283 


284  INDEX 

COLE,  A.  C.,  JR.     Notes  on  the  ant  Pogonomyrmex  cali- 

fornicHS  Buckley.   (111.)    113 

COTTLE,  JAMES  E.    My  ideas  on  the  naming  of  Lepidoptera  269 
COXEY,  W.  JUDSON.     Description  of  a  new  race  of  Eurcnia 

gundlachia  Poey  from  Ecuador 33 

CRAMPTON,  G.  C.    The  probahle  occurrence  in  the  Thysa- 

nuroid  insect,   Macliilis  lictcropns   Silv.,   of  a   structure 

homologous  with  the  second  antenna   (111.) 57 

CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.     Bibliography  of  William  G.  Dietz..    281 

Review :  Common  Pests   55 

Review :  Die  neotropischen  Chloropiden 168 

Review:  Die  Rubenfliege   (Pcgomyia  liyoscyami  Pz.)..    139 
CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.,  (see  Mackey,  Laura  S.). 
DECKER,  G.  C.,  (see  also  Drake,  C.  J.,  and  Decker,  G.  C.). 
DONOHOE,  H.  C.    A  method  of  preparing  grasshoppers  for 

pinned  specimens   133 

DRAKE,  C.  J.,  and  DECKER,  G.  C.     A  scavenger  fly,  Chry- 

somyia  demon  data  Fabr.,  breeding  in  corn  silage  (111.)  .     29 
ELSON,  J.  A.     Some  observations  on  the  predatory  habits 

of  Vespula  diabolica   22 

FERNALD,  H.  T.     Some  old  letters. 

I.  The  ways  of  a  wasp  (111.)    124 

II.  An  attrahent  for  the  Monarch  butterfly 162 

III.  A  case  of  mimicry    163 

FROST,  S.  W.     Cordylum  tricincta  Loew,  a  leaf-miner  on 

Suiilaciiia  raccmosa  (L)  Desf 75 

GAMBLE,  J.  T.    List  of  the  aquatic  beetles  taken  in  Presque 

Isle,  State  Park,  Lake  Erie,  Penna 122 

CARMAN,  H.     The  genus  Archilcstcs  in  Kentucky  (111.)..      85 
GLOYD,  LEONORA  K.     Four  new  Dragonfly  Records  for  the 

United   States    (Odonata)    189 

GREY,  L.  P.     A  good  butterfly  transition  form 241 

GUNDER,  J.  D.     Inscribing  author's  "extras" 161 

Macrolepidoptera :  Species  and  Lower  Concepts, 

169,  236,  261 
HEBARD,  M.    A  new  Central  American  proctolaboid  genus. 

Tola    (111.)    99 


INDEX  285 

A  new  Hawaiian  species  of  Labia   (  111.) 31 

A  new  species  of  Loboptera  B runner  (111) 60 

HENSHAW,  SAMUEL.  An  additional  record  for  Dyimstcs 
tityus  in  Pennsylvania  77 

HOOD,  J.  D.     Notes  on  some  New  York  Odonata 128 

JONES,  FRANK  M.  The  fifth  international  Congress  of 
Entomology  250 

KLYVER,  F.  D.  Biological  notes  and  new  records  of  North 
American  Chermidae  7,  33,  70 

KNULL,  J.  N.     Notes  on  Coleoptera— No.  3 42,     62 

See  also  Champlain,  A.  B.,  and  Knull. 

LEONARD,  M.  D.  See  Pemberton,  C.  E.,  and  Leonard, 
M.  D. 

MACKEY,  LAURA  S.,  and  CRESSON,  E.  T.,  JR.  Entomologi- 
cal literature  .  .  .23,  51,  78,  108,  135,  164,  190,  216,  243.  273 

MC.CLURE,  H.  ELLIOTT.     Incubation  of  Bark  Bug  Eggs..    188 

MILLER,  FORREST  W.  The  Red  and  Black  Cherry  Aphid 
in  Massachusetts  178 

MONTGOMERY,  ROBERT  W.   Record  of  Louisiana  Butterflies  182 

O'BYRNE,  HAROLD.   A  melanic  female  of  C  alias  curythcme     15 

On  the  Activity  of  Butterflies  at  Night 207 

The  migration  and  breeding  of  Diane  vanillac  in   Mis- 
souri          97 

PARK,  ORLANDO.     Abnormal  antennae  in  Tragidion  (111.)      18 

PARKER,  H.  L.  Notes  on  a  Collecting  spot  in  France  and 
a  Chalcid  larva  (Stilbuhi  cynl^/fonnis  Rossi)  (111.)...  1 

I'AYNE,  NELLIE  M.  Duration  of  the  pupal  stage  of  Tcnc- 
brio  inalitor  Linnaeus  at  constant  and  at  alternating  tem- 
peratures    6 

PEMBERTON,  C.  F.,  and  LEONARD,  M.  D.  Entomology  at 
the  Fourth  Congress  of  the  International  Society  of 
Sugar  Cane  Technologists  in  Porto  Rico 195 

POWELL,  E.  F.     The  Chrysomelinae  of  Nebraska 92 

RAU,  P.  The  relation  of  the  size  of  the  cell  to  the  sex  of 
the  wasp  in  Odyiicms  fonuninaliis  Sauss 119 

REHN,  J.  A.  G.  Obituary:  Henry  Lorenz  Yiereck  (por- 
trait)    141 

On  Apterism  and  Sub;ipterisni  in  the  Blattinae 201 


286  INDEX 

On  preparing  Grasshoppers   175 

RICHARDS,  A.  GLENN.    Paraherminia — new  genus  for  the 

European  "  H  erminia"  derivalis  Hbn 188 

ROBERTSON,  CHARLES.     Bookseller's  separates 206 

ROCKWOOD,  L.  P.,  and  CHAMBERLIN,  T.  R.     Additional 
host    plants    of    Grapholitha   conversana   Wlsm.    in   the 

North  Pacific  region 180 

RODECK,  H.  G.    Nomada  amorphae  Swenk  in  Colorado. . .      13 
ROLFS,  A.  R.     Some  malformations  noted  in  genitalia  of 

Phyllopliaga    (111.)     13 

ROTHKE,  MAX.     Vcspa  crabro  in  Pennsylvania 215 

ROWE,  JOHN  ALLEN.    Records  of  Tachinidae  from  Minne- 
sota and  other  states    230 

SCHAUS,  W.     A  new  moth  from  Peru 155 

SHERMAN,  JOHN  D.,  JR.     Booksellers'  reprints 19 

SMITH,  M.  R.     An  additional  annotated  list  of  the  ants 

of    Mississippi    157 

SPIETH,  H.  T.     A  new  method  of  studying  the  wing  veins 

of  the  mayflies  and  some  results  therefrom 103 

TALBOT,  G.    Obituary :  Joicey,  J.  J 140 

THOMAS,  C.  A.     The  diseases  of  Elateridae  (111.) 149 

TIETZ,  H.  M.     Notes  on  a  few  night-flying  butterflies.  .  .    134 
VAN  DUZEE,  M.  C.    Three  New  Species  of  Dolichopodidae 
from  North  America,  with  Notes  on  Diaphorus  leucos- 

tola  Loew  and  its  Allies 183 

WICKWIRE,  HARRIET  A.     Notes  on  the  larval  stages  of 

M elanchrola   cephise    16 

WILLIAMSON,  E.  B.     Wanted:  Material  for  study  of  the 
genus  Argia    156 


INDEX 


287 


GENERAL  SUBJECTS 

Abnormal    antennae    18 

Apterism    and    subapterism    in 

the    Blattinae    201 

Attralieiit  for  Monarch  but- 
terfly    162 

Auihor  s    "extras"     161 

Bait   for   trapping    253 

Behavior   of  Sphex  arvensis. .   124 
Biographical    Memoirs    of    the 
U.   S.   National   Academy  of 
Sciences :      Stephen      Alfred 

Forbes     224 

Bookseller's  separates    19,  206 

Cell  size  and  sex  in  Odynems  119 

Classification  chart    171 

"Convocation   Week"    meetings     46 
Dictionary  of  American   Biog- 
raphy :  George  Henry  Horn  224 

Diseases    of    Elateridae 149 

Doings   of   Societies    195 

Entomological  Literature — 23, 
51,  78,  108,  135,  164,  190,  216, 
243,  273. 

European  excursions  for  en- 
tomologists    49 

Form,    The   term    236 

International    entomological 

congress,   Fifth    105,  250 

Local   form    174 

Masonite  board  for  mounting.   272 

Migration  of  Dionc    97 

Mimicry    163 

Mounting  insects   272 

Night-flying  butterflies   .  .  .  134,  207 

Plant  hosts  7,     16 

Cherry,    wild   black    178 

Clover    180,  181 

douglasii,   Trifoliitm    181 

hybriditin,  Tnjoliuiii    181 

involucratum,  7 'rijolinm    ....    icSi) 

plumosum,    Trifoliitm 181 

serotina,  Primus    178 

Race    172 

Racketeers,  Insect   206 

Reprints,    Booksellers'    19 


Rocky     Mountain     Conference 

of  Entomologists,   Ninth....  196 

Seasonal  form,  The  term 238 

Sexual    Form,   The    term 238 

Species    172 

Species  and  lower  concepts,  236,  261 
Sugar  Cane  Technologists,  En- 
tomology   at     Fourth     Con- 
gress  of   International    Soci- 
ety of    195 

Technique  of  preparing  grass- 
hoppers     133,  175 

Transition  form   251 

Variety   173 

Wing  veins,  method  of  study.  .  103 

OBITUARY  NOTICES 

Dietz,  W.  G 279 

Howe,  R.  H 140 

Joicey,  J.  J 140 

Muir,  F.  A.  G 56 

Ross,  R 252 

Tristan,   Professor  J.   Fidel...  197 

Viereck,  H.  L 141 

Weeks,  A.  G 28 


PERSONALS 
Howard,   L.   O 


45 


REVIEWS 

Bremer  und  Kaufmann :  Die 
Riibenfliege  (Pcgomyia  fiy- 
oscyami  Pz.)  139 

Brues  and  Melander :  Classifi- 
cation of  Insects  222 

Doane :    Common  pests    55 

Duda:  Die  neotropischen 
Choropiden  168 

Menge :  Jobs  for  the  College 
Graduate  in  Science 224 

Metcalf  and  Flint :  Fundamen- 
tals of  Insect  Life 223 

Metcalf :  Tettigometridae  in 
General  Catalogue  of  Hem- 
iptera  224 

Smith :  Textbook  of  Agricul- 
tural Entomology  221 


288 


INDEX1 


GEOGRAPHICAL 

DISTRIBUTION 

Alabama:     Col.  116. 

Arizona:      Hem.    24.      Hym.    113. 

Odon.   189. 
California :      Dip.    230.      Hem.    33, 

70.      Hym.    113. 

Colorado:     Dip.  230.    Hym.  13,  48. 
Florida:     Dip.  230.     Lep.   16. 
Idaho:      Horn.   9,   70.     Lep.   180. 
Iowa:     Dip.  29.     Col.    13. 
Kansas:     Lep.  210,  225,  257. 
Kentucky:      Odon.   85. 
Louisiana :      Lep.    182. 
Maine:     Lep.  241. 
Massachusetts :     Homop.   178. 
Michigan :      Odon.    190. 
Minnesota:      Dip.   230. 
Mississippi :     Hem.  38.     Hym.  157. 
Missouri :    Col.  40.  Lep.  15,  97,  207. 
Montana :     Dip.   230. 
Nebraska:      Col.   92.      Dip.   230. 
Nevada:     Horn.  9,  36. 
New  Jersey:     Hym.  215. 
New  Mexico :    Col.  19.   Horn.  9,  34. 
New    York:      Dip.    75,    187,    230. 

Odon.  128. 

North  Dakota:     Dip.  230. 
Oregon:     Dip.  230.     Lep.  180,  181. 
Pennsylvania :     Col.  42,  63,  77,  123, 

255.     Dip.   230.     Hym.   215. 
Texas:       Dip.     230.       Het.      188. 

Horn.    10.     Odon.    189. 
Utah:     Dip.  230.     Horn.  9,  34,  72. 
Virginia:     Col.  93.     Dip.  230. 
Washington:     Dip.  230.     Hem.  74. 
Wyoming :     Dip.  230. 
Baja  California:     Odon.   190. 
Canada:    Horn.  9,  36,  71.    Odon.  242. 
Central   America :      Orth.    100. 
Cuba:     Dip.  184,  185. 
Europe:     Hym.    1. 
Hawaii:      Orth.   31.     Thys.   57. 
South    America:       Col.    41.      Lep. 

33,  68,   155.     Orth.  60. 


COLEOPTERA 

Acanthocinus  (see  nodosns) 
Acgoiiiorphus    (see    decipitns) 
Agrilis    (see  subcinctiis) 
.Hans    (see    inyops) 
Anisandnis    (see   obcsus,  sayi) 
Anoplodcra    (see    bijoris,  min- 
ncsotana,   unttabilis,   rnbrica) 
Anthoboscus   (see  ntbicola) 

(iri/iaht-in,   Tragidion    18 

aspcrsa,  Hyperplatys    64 

a.rillaris,  Purpuricewus 63 

basillare,   Xylobiops    . ..     62 

bcllits,  Pityopthorus 66 

bctnlae,    Dryococtes 67 

bicolor,   Cyniatodcra    42 

biforis,  Anoplodera    63 

bischoffi,    Thysanocnemus 65 

Brachyrhinus   (see  siilcatus) 
Bnprcstis    (see   lincata) 
Calopteron    (see  reticulatwm) 

canccllata,    Lccontclla    42 

Centrodcra   (see  picta) 

Cerambycidae    18 

Cerambycidae  caught  in  traps.   256 
Cciitorhynclnis   (see  rapae) 
Chrysomelinae  of  Nebraska...     92 
Cinyra    (see  gracilipes) 
Clytus    (see   marginicoUis) 
Cncsimts    (see  strigicollis) 

coerulca,   Encyclops    63 

commuiiis,  Mclanotiis   44 

coniperda,  Conopthorus  66 

Conopthorus   (see  coniperda) 
Corthylns  (see  punctatissiinus) 
Crct/ya    (see  oculatns) 
Cryptorhynchus    (see  jalla.v) 

curvidens,   Mitophyllus    41 

cyauipcs,  Pocciloiwta   45 

Cyniatodcra    (see   bicolor) 

damicornis,    Orthoplcura    43 

dasyccrus,    Ecyrus    64 

dccipiens,  Acgomorphus 64 

dccipiens,    Lymantor    67 

Dicer ca    (see  divaricata) 


INDEX 


289 


discalceatwn,    Lcptoschema. . . .     43 

divaricata,  Diccrca    45 

Dryocoetes    (see   bctulae) 
Dynastcs    (see   tityits) 
Dytiscidae  of  Presque  Isle,  Pa.  123 
Ecyrus    (see   dasycenis) 
Elatcr     (see     lintciis,    scllatits, 

scinicinctits,    verticinits,    riti- 

osits,   xanthomus) 
Elateridae  caught  in  traps ....   255 

Elateridae,    diseases    of    149 

Encyclops    (see    coernlea) 
Eros    (see   humeraiis) 
Eupogonius   (see  tomentosus) 
Eiisphyms    (see   walshi) 

jallax,    Cryptorhynchus 65 

fissilis,  •Melanotus    44 

Fornax   (see  orchesidcs) 

fusca,   Phyllophaga    14 

fut His,   Phyllophaga    14 

gracilipcs,    Cinyra    45 

gracilipcs,  Phaleria    118 

Gyrinidae  of  Presque  Isle,  Pa.  123 
Haliplidae  of  Presque  Isle,  Pa.  123 

humcralis,  Eros   42 

hitincralis,   Purpuriccniis    63 

Hydnocera      (see      iinifasciata, 

verticalis) 
Hydrophilidae  of  Presque  Isle, 

Pa 123 

Hypcrinallns    (see   incertus) 
Hy per f>lat ys   (see  aspersa,  tna- 

culata) 

incertus,   Hypcnnallns    62 

kirbyi,    Neoclytus    63 

lecontei,   Pityogenes    66 

Lecontella    (see  cancellata) 
Lcptoschema    (see   discalccatuin) 
Lcpturycs    (see  signatus) 

lincata,    Buprestis    45 

lint  cits,  Elater  44 

lodingi*    Phaleria    116 

Lucanidae     40 

Liidius    (see  rotundicollis,  sitl- 

cicollis) 
Lyinantor    (see  decipiois) 

inaciilata,    Hyperplatys    64 

Malformations   in   Phyllophaga     13 


mandarina,   Obcra    64 

marginicollis,    Clytits    63 

Melandrya    (see  striata) 
Melanotus    (see  coininituis,  fis- 
silis) 

Melasis    (see    pectinicornis) 
Metadorcus    (see   rotundatus) 
Micracis  (see  opacicollis) 

Mimicry    163 

minnesotana,    Anoplodcra    ....     63 
Mitophyllits  (see   curcidcns) 

molitor,    Tenebrio    6 

Hindus,    Pityopthonts     66 

mutabilis,    Anoplodcra    63 

inyops,  Alans    43 

Neoclytus    (see   kirbyi) 

nodosns,    Acanthocinns    64 

nudits,  Pityopthorus    66 

Obcra  (see  mandarina,  schaitini, 
tripunctata) 

obesus,  Anisandrus    67 

ocitlatits,   Cregya    43 

opacicollis,    Micracis    66 

orchesides,   Fornax    45 

Orthoplcura   (see  daniicornis) 

pectinicornis,  Melasis   44 

Phaleria     (see    gracilipcs,    lod- 

ingi) 

Phyllophaga,    Genitalia    of....      13 
(See  also  jusca,  fut  His) 

picea,  Scolytus   65 

picta,    Centrodera    63 

Pityogenes    (see   lecontei) 
Pityophorus  (see  bellits,  Hindus, 
nudits,  pulicar'nis,  pnlchcllus) 

placidus,    Pscudolitcanus 40 

Ploeopterns    (see   thoracicits) 
Poecilonota    (see  cyanipes) 
Pseudolucanus    (see    placidus) 

pulcarius,    Pityopthorus 66 

pitlchcllits,     Pityopthonts 66 

punctatissimus,    Corthylus 66 

Purpnriccnus      (see      a.rillaris, 
hitincralis) 

rapac,   Ccntorhyiichus 65 

rcticnlatnm    var.    apicalc,    Cal- 

opteron    163 

rotiindatits,   Metudorcns 41 


290 


INDEX 


rotundicollis,    Ludius 43 

rnbicola,   Anthoboscus 63 

rubrica,  Anoplodera    63 

sayi,  Anisandrus 67 

Scarabaeidae    13,  77 

Scolytus  (see  picea) 

schaumi,   Obera    64 

sellatus,  Elater  44 

semicinctus,  Elater   44 

signatus,  Lepturgcs  64 

striata,    Melandrya    45 

strigicollis,  Cnesimts   65 

subcinctus,  Agrilus    45 

sulcatus,    Brachyrhinus    65 

sulcicollis,  Ludius   43 

Tenebrio    (see    molitor) 

Tenebrionidae    6 

tenuipes,    Tessaropa    62 

Tessaropa    ( see   tenuipes) 
Thaiiasiinus    (see   trifasciatus) 

thoracicns,   Plocoptcrus    42 

Thysanocne-mus   (see  bischoffi) 

tityus,  Dynastes   77 

tomentosus,   Eupogonius 64 

Tragidion,  Abnormal   antennae 

in    18 

(See    also    armatum) 

trifasciatus,   Thanasimus    42 

tripunctata,  Obera  64 

Typocerus    (see   velutinus) 

unifasciata,   Hydiwcera    43 

velutinus,  Typoccrus  63 

verticalis,  Hydnocera   43 

verticinus,    Elater    44 

vitiosus,  Elater  44 

walshi,   Eiisphyrus    65 

xanthomus,   Elater    44 

Xylobiops    (see   basillare) 

DIPTERA 

albifacies,   Diaphorus    186 

aldrichi,  Diaphorus   186 

Argyra   (see  basalis) 

basalis*  Argyra    (Leucostola)  186 
Condylostylus    (see    nigritibia) 
Cordylura    (see  tricincta) 

Corn  silage,   Fly  in 29 

Chrysomyia    (see  demandata) 


demandata,    Chrysomyia    29 

Diaphorus,  key  to  species 186 

(See    also    albifacies,    aldrichi, 

infuscatus,  leucostola,   leuco- 

stoma,    occidentalis,    quadra- 

tus,  similis,  vittatus) 

flavico.ra,   Leucostola    187 

hyoscyami,    Pegomyia,     Review 

of  monograph  on 139 

infuscatus,     Diaphorus     Icuco- 

stoma    var 186 

jucunda,  Mesorhaga   185 

Leaf-miner  on  S-milacina 75 

leucostola,  Diaphorus   186 

Leucostola   (see  Argyra,  fla.vi- 

coxa~) 

leucostoma,    Diaphorus    186 

Mesorhaga  (see  jucunda,  orna- 

tipes) 
nigritibia*    Condylostylus,    fig. 

1 183 

occidentalis,  Diaphorus    186 

ornatipes*    Mesorhaga     184 

Ortalidae    29 

Pegomyia  (see    hyoscyami) 

quadrat  us,   Diaphorus 186 

Scatophagidae     75 

Scavenger  fly    29 

similis,  Diaphorus    186 

Tachinidae  of  Minnesota 230 

tricincta,   Cordylura    75 

vittatus,  Diaphorus   186 

HEMIPTERA 

aculeata,  Arytaina  70 

alacris,   Trioza    37 

alba,  Psylla   71 

albijrons,   Trioza    36 

americana,  Psylla   71,     74 

anomala,   Aphalara    11 

Anomocera  (see  Aphalara) 
Aphalara  (see  anomala,  cal- 
thae,  guitierrcsiae,  martini, 
minutissima,  pithecolobia,  pul- 
chella,  rumicis,  suaedae,  vea- 
siei) 

Aphis    (see   jeminea) 
arbuti,   Euphyllura    39 


INDEX 


291 


Arytaina  (see  aculeata,  assi- 
milis,  ccanothac,  juscipennis, 
minuta,  pubescens,  ribesiae, 
robusta) 

assiinilis,   Arytaina    70 

astigmata,  Psylla   74 

bakeri,  Triosa  35 

Bark  Bug  Eggs,  Incubation  of  188 

breviantennata,    Triosa    35 

brevistigmata,  Psylla    73 

buxi,   Psylla    75 

Calophya    (see   trizomima) 

caltliae,  Aphalara  9 

caricis,   Livia    9 

caudata,   Psylla    75 

ceanothae,  Arytaina    70 

Chermidae,   Records  of.. 7,  33,  70 

c-inaiiuna,    Pachypsylla    38 

cockerelli,  Paratriosa   34 

collaris,    Triosa    35 

dnbia,   Pachypsylla    38 

Eiiphyllerus  (see  vermicidosus) 
Euphyllura    (see  arbuti,  nevei- 
pennis) 

jeminea,    Aphis    178 

fibulata,    Psylla    71 

floccosa,   Psylla    73 

jrcmontiac,   Pauroccphala    ....  11 

frontalis,    Triosa    36 

juscipennis,  Arytaina,    39 

guitierresiae,   Aphalara    10 

hartigii,  Psylla  71 

Heteropsylla   (see  texana) 

Hosts  of  Chermidae 7,  33,  70 

Kuwayama       (see       lavaterae, 
medicaginis) 

laticeps,  Neotriosella    38 

lavaterae,  Kuwayama  33 

Leiironota    (see    tiiaciilata) 
Livia   (see   caricis) 

maculata,  Leuronota   34 

maculipcnnis,    Paratriosa    ....  35 

magnicauda,   Psylla    72 

martini,  Aphalara    11 


inaitra,   Triosa    37 

mcdicaginis,   Kuwayama    12 

minor,  Psylla    72 

minuta,    Arytaina    70 

minuta,  Psylla    71 

minutissiina,  Aphalara    11 

Neotriosella    (see  laticeps) 
Ncuroctcniis      (see     psciidony- 
mits) 

ncvcipennis,    Euphyllura    38 

obtusa,   Triosa    36 

Pachypsylla      (see      c-mamma, 

dnbia,  venusta) 
Paratriosa  (see  cockerelli,  ma- 

culipennis) 
Paurocephala   (see  frcinontiac) 

pithccolobia,  Aphalara    11 

psendonymus,   Ncnroctcnus. . .  .    188 
Psylla    (see    alba,    americana, 
astigmata,      brevistigmata, 
buxi,   caudata,   fibulata,  floc- 
cosa,    hartigii,     magnicauda, 
minor,  minuta,  sinuata,  stri- 
ata,   trimaculata) 
Psyllidae    (see   Chermidae) 

pubescens,  Arytaina    70 

pulchclla,  ApJialara  10 

ribesiae,  Arytaina   39 

robusta,   Arytaina    39 

ru-micis,  Aphalara    9 

salicis,    Triosa    37 

sinuata,  Psylla    71 

striata,    Psylla    73 

suaedae,    Aphalara    9 

te.vana,   Heteropsylla    12 

trimaculata,  Psylla    74 

Triosa  (see  alacris,  albijrons, 
bakeri,  breviantennata,  col- 
laris, frontalis,  maura,  ob- 
tusa, salicis) 

triosomima,    Calophya    12 

veasiei,   Aphalara    10 

t'oinsta,   Pachypsylla    38 

vermiculosus,    Eiiphyllerus....     39 


292 


INDEX 


HYMENOPTERA 

amorphae,    Nomada    13 

Andrcna    (see  hciiiilcuca,  hitci, 
ribiftoris) 

Andrenidae     48 

ttin/nlata,  Stn/niigenys    157 

Ants   of   Mississippi    157 

Aphaenogaster      (see      tcnncs- 
seensis) 

aruensis,  Sphc.r   124 

Behavior  of  Sphc.v    124 

calijornicus,    Pogonomyrmex..    113 
Cell  size  and  sex  in  Odyncnis  119 

clypcata,   Stnnnigcnys    159 

crabro,    Vcspa     215 

cynipijormis,  Stilbnla    1 

diabolica,   Vcspnla    22 

dictrichi,   Stnnnigcnys    159 

Eucharidae     1 

foraminatus,    Odyncnis    119 

Formicidae    of    Mississippi....    157 
Habits   of  Pogonomyrmex....   113 

hemileuca,   Andrcna    49 

hitci,    Andrena    48 

lacz'inasis,  Stnnnigcnys    158 

laticephala,    Strumigenys    ....   158 
Leptothorax   (see  te.ranns) 
Micronomada   (see  Nomada) 
Mynnica   (see  pinetorum) 
Nomada   (see  amorphae) 

Nomadidae     13 

Odynerits   (see  foraminatus) 

pinetorum,  Mynnica    160 

Pogonomyrmex    (see   calijorni- 
cus) 
Predatory  habits  of   Vcspula..     22 

ribifloris,    Andrcna    48 

sculpturata,   Strumigenys    ....    159 

siiiiilliinii,   Strumigenys    157 

Sphex  (see  arvcnsis) 
Stilbnla    (see   cynipiformis) 
Strumigenys  (seeangitlata-,  cly- 
pcata,      dictrichi,      lacvinasis, 
laticcphala,  sculpturata,  siiu- 
illima  ) 


tcnncssccnsis,   Aphaenogaster. .   160 

tc.viiiius,  Leptothorax   159 

Vespa    (see   crabro) 

Vespidae     22 

Vcspnla,    Habits    of 
(See   also   diabolica) 

LEPIDOPTERA 

acadica,  Sirynion    257 

acnwn,  Plcbcius   259 

aj ranins,   Thanaos    259 

agarithc,    Catopsilia    213 

Aglais    (see   antiopa) 

alba,    Enrynins    ainphidnsa. . .  .  214 

alba,    Eurynius    cnrythcinc . . . .  214 

alopc,    Ccrcyonis    225 

Aniblyscirtcs    (see  vial  is) 

amphidusa,  Eurynius  curytlicinc  214 

ainyinonc,   Jllcstra    227 

Anaca    (see  andria,  morrisoni) 

andria,    Anaca     229 

Anthanassa    (see  te.rana) 

antinpa,  Aglais   228 

antonia,    Chlorippc   celt  is 228 

archippus,    Basilarchia    228 

archippus,    Danans    162 

Argymiis    (see   cybclc,  idalia) 
atalanta,    J'ancssa    ...134,208,228 
Atalopedes    (see   cainpestris) 
Atrytonopsis    (see   hianua) 

Attrahent  for   Da/iiaus    162 

anrantiaca,    Copacodcs    260 

bachmanni,    Libythea    229 

Basilarchia       (see      archippus, 

dissipns ) 

bathyllns,    Thorybcs    134 

hoopis.   L'crcyonis  alopc 225 

Brephidium   (see  c. \~ilis) 

brncci,   I'apilio   bairdi 211 

caesonia,    Zcrcnc    213 

cainpcstris,    Atalopedes    260 

cardui,    I  'anessa    134,  228 

carincnta,    Libythea     229 

L'atnpsilia  (see  agarithc,  enbnle, 

pallida,    philea,   statira) 

catiillus,   Pholisora    259 


INDEX 


293 


ccltis,    Chlorippc    228 

ccphise,    Mclanchroia  - 16 

Cercyonis    (see    alope,    boopis, 

olympus,   tc.rana) 

ccnies,   Politcs    260 

charithnuia,    Heliconius    225 

L'hlorippc    (see    antonia,    ccltis, 

clyton.   montis) 
Chlosync    (see  lacinia) 

Classification     171 

claudia,  Enptoicta    226 

clyton,  Chlorippc    228 

cocnia,   Junonia    228 

C alias,  Melanic  form   15 

(See  also  citrytlicmc,  philodicc) 

comma.  Polygonia   227 

comyn/as,  Ercrcs   258 

conversana,   Grapholitha    180 

Copacodcs    (see  aitrantiaca) 

crcsphontcs,  Papilio    209,  211 

crcssoui,   Pyrrhopyac    69 

cybcle,  Argynnis    226 

Cystincura  (see  under  Mestra) 
Danaiis   (see  archippus') 
Danias  (see  plexippus,  strigosa) 

daumis,  Papilio   211 

danmis,    Thorybcs    259 

dcrii'dlis,   Parahcrminia    188 

Diatraea    (see  saccharalis) 
dione   (see  incaniata,  vanillac) 

dionc.    Hcodcs    257 

dissipits.  Basilarchia    228 

dryas,   Polyi/onia  comma 228 

Epartiyrcns    (see    tityrus) 
Ercsia  (see  under  Anthanassa) 
cripliylc.    liurymus   citrytlicmc.   214 

cithiilc.  Catopsilia   212 

cufala,   Lcrodca    260 

Euphydryas  (see  strcckt-ri) 
liuptoicta    (sec   claudia) 
Enrcma     (see     cnterpc.     i/inid- 

lachia,    lisa,    mc.vicaiia.    mor- 

leyi.    nicippc.   watsoiii) 
Eiirymns  (see  allxi,  amphidusa, 

criphylc,     cnrythcmc,     philo- 

dice) 
cnrythcme,   Colias    15 


citrytlicmc.    Eurymiis    214 

cnterpc.    Iiitrcma    214 

lircrcs    (see   co>;nyntas) 

c.rilis,    Brephidium    258 

fabricii,    Polygonia     intcrroga- 

tionis    227 

fun  era/ is.    Thanaos    260 

Geometridae     16 

glaucus,  Papilio    211 

</or</onc.    Phyciodcs    -226 

Grais    (see    stigmaticits) 
Grapholitha    (see    conrcrsana) 

c/uianac*    Pyrrhopyiic    68 

gundlachia,  Eitrcma    33 

Heliconius    (see    charithonia) 

hclloidcs,    Hcodcs    258 

Hcmiariins    (see    isola) 
Hcodcs    (see    dionc,    hclloidcs, 

ihoe) 

Hesperiidae    68 

hianna,    Atrytonopsis    260 

horatius,   Thanaos    259 

huntcra.  Vanessa    228 

Hylcphila    (see  pliylacns} 

idalia.    Ari/ynnis    226 

incaniata,  Dionc  vanillac 226 

interrogationis,  Polygonia,  208,  227 

inle,   Nathalis    212 

ismcria,    Pliyciodcs    226 

isola.    Hcmiarc/us     258 

iolinsoni*  Loxolomia   155 

Junonia    (see   cocnia) 

jurcitalis,    Thanaos    259 

Kansas.    L.   of    210 

Kricin/nnia    (see   lysidc) 

Iitciiiia.    Clilosync     227 

larrata.    Libythca    carincnta.  .  .   229 
Lcplotcs    (see    tnan'iui) 
/  eroded    i  -ee  cufala) 
Libythca    (see  bachmanni,  car- 

incnlii.    laifatti  ) 

lisa,    /in  re  ma    208,  214 

/.o.rnlomia    (see    johnsoni) 
f.yccanopsis        (see       ncfjlccta- 

major.    pscudaniiohts) 
Lycomorpha    (see    phohts) 
lysidc,    Kricogonia    213 


294 


INDEX 


marcia,   Phyciodes  tharos 227 

marina,  Leptotes    258 

Melanchroia,   Larval   stages...      16 
(See  also  cephise) 

Melanic   form   of   C alias 15 

melinus,  Strymon    257 

melissa,  Plebeius   258 

Mestra   (see  amymone) 

mexicana,    Eurema    214 

Migration   of  Dionc    97 

Mimicry    163 

Missouri,  L.   of    207 

mantis,    Chlorippe    celt  is 228 

morleyi*   Eurema   gundlachia.     33 

morrisoni,    Anaea    229 

Naming  Lepidoptera    269 

Nathalis  (see  iole) 

negle eta-major,    Lyccanopsis  . .  259 

nicippe,  Eurema    214 

Night,    Activity   of    Butterflies 

at    207 

Night-flying  butterflies    134 

nycteis,    Phyciodes    227 

Nymphalidae     241 

occidentalis,  Picris    212 

olympia,  Zegris    212 

olympus,   Cercyonis  alopc 225 

pacuvius,    Thanaos    260 

pallida,    Catopsilia    eulnilc 213 

Pamphila   (see  uncas) 
Papilio    (see   brucei,  crcsphon- 

tes,   daunus,   glaucus,   poly.v- 

cnes,  troilus) 

*Parahcrminia     188 

philca,  Catopsilia    213 

philodice,  C  alias  15 

phUodicc,  Eurymus   214 

Pholisora   (see  catullus) 
Phyciodes     (see     gorgonc,     is- 

meria,  marcia,  nycteis.  picta, 

tharos,  vesta) 

phylacus,  Hylcphila   260 

pholus,  Lycomorpha    163 

picta,  Phyciodes  227 

Pieridae     15,    33 


Pieris    (see    occidentalis,    pro- 

todice,   rapae,   vcrnalis) 
Plebeius    (see  acmon,  melissa) 

ple.vippus,  Danias 214 

Politcs    (see    c ernes) 
Polygonia   (see  comma,  dryas, 
fabricii,  interrogations,  prog- 
ne,  umbrosa) 

polyxenes,    Papilio    211 

progne,  Polygonia   228 

protodice,    Picris    212 

pseudargiolus,  Lyccanopsis   . . .  259 
Pyrgus    (see   tessellata) 
Pyrrhopyge  (see  cressoni,  gui- 
anae) 

rapae,   Picris    208,  212 

rosa,  Zcrcnc  cacsonia   213 

saccharalis,  Diatraea   195 

Species  and   Lower   Concepts.    169 

statira,   Catopsilia    212 

stigmatictis,  Grais   259 

streckcri,  Euphydryas   phaeton  241 

strigosa,  Danias  berenice 215 

Strymon  (see  acadica,  melimis) 
Synchloe  (see  under  Chlosyne) 

tcsscHata,  Pyrgus 259 

iexana,    Anthanassa    227 

iexana,    Cercyonis   alopc 225 

Thanaos  (see  afranius,  funer- 
alis,  hora tius,  juvenalis,  pa- 
cuvius) 

tharos,   Phyciodes 207,  227 

thoc,   Heodcs    258 

Thorybcs  (see  bathyllus,  da- 
unus) 

tityrus,  Epargyrcus  259 

troilus,  Papilio    211 

umbrosa,   Polygonia    208 

uncos,   Pamphila    260 

Vanessa  (see  atalanta,  cardui, 
hunt  era,  virginicnsis) 

vanillac,  Dionc   97 

vernalis,   Pieris  protodice 212 

vesta,    Phyciodes    227 

vialis,   Amblyscirtes    260 


INDEX 


295 


virginicnsis,    Vanessa    228 

u'atsoni,  Eurema  proterpia . . . .     33 
Weeks  Collection  of  butterflies     48 
Zegris  (see  olympia) 
Zereae    (see   caesonia,  rosa) 

ODONATA 

Aeshna    (see   dugesi) 

amata,    Calopteryx    128 

albistylus,   Lanthus    131 

antennatirm,  Enallagma    129 

Archilestes    (see  grandis) 
Argia   (see  barrctti,  oenea) 

Argia  wanted  for   study 156 

barretti,  Argia    189 

bclla,  Nannothemis   132 

Boyeria    (see   grafiana) 
Coloptery.r   (see  amata) 

carolus,   Ophiogomphus    129 

Cordulia   (see  shurtleffi) 

corruptum,  Sympetrum    132 

costiferum,  Sympetrum    132 

danae,   Sympetrum    132 

Dragonflies  captured  by  hawk.   242 

dugesi,    Aeshna    189 

elongata,   Somatochlora    131 

Enallagma    (see   antennatum) 

fletcheri,  Wtiliamsonia    190 

grafiana,  Boyeria   131 

prandis,   Archilestes    85 

Habits  of  Archilestes  86 

Hchcordiilia    (see    uhleri) 
Lanthus    (see  albistylus) 

inacqnalis,  Lestes   129 

Lestcs    (see   inaequalis} 
Nannothemis   (see  bella) 

oenea,    Argia     189 

Ophiogomphus      (see      earolus, 

ritpinsulcnsis) 

Platycordulia  (sec  .rcinthosoma) 
rupinsulensis,    Ophiogmnphus .  .    130 

shurtleffi.   Cordulia    131 

Somatochlora      (see      clongata, 

tenehrosa,    walshii,    unlliam- 

soni} 
Sympetrum      (see      corruptum. 

costiferum,  danae) 

tenebrosa,  Somatochlora    131 

uhleri,   Helocordulia    131 

walshii,  Somatochlora    131 


u'iUiamsoni,    Somatochlora  ----    131 
Williamsoma    (see    fletcheri) 
.ranthosoina.    Platycordulia  ----   234 

ORTHOPTERA 

africanus,  Ectobius    ..........   205 

Anniccris  (see  nigrinenris,  vir- 

idulns) 
annulicornis,   Tcla    ...........   102 

Blattidae     ...................     60 

Brachypterism   in   Blattidae, 

205,  206 
Blattina     ....................   204 

Blattinae,    Apterism    and    sub- 

apterism   in    ...............   201 

Cartoblatta     .................  205 

chlorosoma*    Tela    ..........    100 

dubronyi,  Labia    .............     31 

Ectobius    (see  africanus) 
Eurycotis  .......  202,  203,  204,  205 

Forficulidae    .................     31 

Labia    (see  dubronyi,  sweseyi) 
Lamproblatta    ............  202,  203 

Loboptcra       (see      maroccana, 

tha.vtcri) 
Macropterism  in   Blattidae....   206 

maroccana,   Loboptcra    .......     60 

nigrinervis,  Anniceris  ........   102 

Pelmatosilpha     ......  202,  203,  204 

Periplaneta     .................   204 

Preparation    of    pinned    speci- 

mens  ..................  133,  175 

Preparing    grasshoppers  ......    175 

Pseudoderopeltis     ............   204 

Pycnoscelus  (see  surinamensis) 
surinamensis,    Pycnoscelus  ....     60 

sii'ezcyi*   Labia    .............     31 

Tela*   (see  chlorosoma,  annuli- 


60 
101 


tha.vtcri*   Lohoptcra 
is.    Anniceris 


SMALLER    ORDERS 

hetcropus,    Machilis,    Antenna 

of     .......................  57 

Machilis   (see  hctcropus} 

Termite  treatment  frauds  .....  20 

Thysanoptera     ...............  57 

Wing  veins  of  Ephemerida.  .  .  103 


\A7  A  NT F  Pi  Sphingidae,  Saturnidae,  Hemileucidae,  Ceratocampi- 
VV/~\1N  1  C  Lx  dae.  Perfect  specimens  of  desirable  species  of  the  above 
Cf^p  (~^  A  Q  |-|  from  any  part  of  North  or  South  America.  Desire 
r  W  r\  v>r\On  specimens  from  the  Southern,  Middle- Western,  South 
Western  and  Pacific  Coast  States.  Single  specimens  of  rare  or  unusual  species, 
varieties  and  abnormal  examples  are  particularly  wanted.  Collectors  in  any 
locality  having  anything  to  offer,  write 

JOHN    M.   GEDDES, 

331  High  Street,  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  U.  S.  A. 

BUTTERFLY  WHEN  YOU  SELL  YOUR  COLLEC- 

TRANSITION   FORMS     TIONS,   SELL  THESE  KINDS   OF 
AND  "FREAKS"         SPECIMENS  SEPARATELY. 
WANTED  THEY  BRING  MORE. 

JEANE  D.  GUNDER, 

310  LINDA  VISTA  AVENUE,  PASADENA,  CALIFORNIA 


native  Florida  Butterflies  and  Moths  spread  for 
Riker  Mounts  or  in  papers.     Also  make  up  teiker 
Mounts  to  order.     Chrysalids  and  Larvae. 

MRS.  LESLEY   E.  FOKSYTH, 

Florida  City,  Florida. 


Morphos  from  French  Guiana,  etc.,  10  species  20  specimens,  including 
Hecuba,  Rhetenor,  Cypris,  etc.,  $6.00.  Fine  bred  Urania  riphaeus,  large 
$2.00  dozen,  small  $1.50  dozen.  Very  fine  Indian  butterflies  in  papers,  many 
Papilios,  Charaxes,  Delias,  etc.,  $500  per  100.  British  Diurnals,  100,  50 
species,  named  $3.00.  British  Lepidoptera,  Coleoptera,  250,000  specimens, 
named,  cheap  lots:  500  species  3  cents  each,  1000  species  5  cents  each. 
Lists  from 

A.  FORD,   Entomologist, 
42,  Irving  Road,  Bournemouth,  England. 


of  North  American  Papilio,  Sphingidae,  Saturnidae, 

LIVING 

Ceratocampidae  and  others  for  sale  during  the  winter 

RNATING     months      Qnl      first-class   material.      Also  Catocala 
PUPAE  .    . 

eggs.     Ask  for  complete  price  list. 

MAX     B  O  T  H  K  E  , 

1841   East   Elm   Street,        -        Scrauton,  Pa. 


RECENT  LITERATURE 

FOR    SALE    BY 

THE   AMERICAN    ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY 

1900    RACE    STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


COLEOPTERA 

862. — Blaisdell  (F.  E.). — Studies  in  the  Melyridae  Number  Four. 

(Trans.,  50,  313-318,  1925)    20 

961. — Blaisdell  (F.  E.)- — Studies  in  the  Melyridae  Number  Ten. 

(Trans.,  57,  325-331,  1  pi.,  1932)    20 

DIPTERA. 

960. — Leonard  (M.   D.).  —  Some  notes  on  my  Revision  of  the 

Rhagionidae.     (Trans.,  57,  321-323,  1931) 20 

962. — Cresson    (E.   T.,   Jr.).  —  Studies   in   the   dipterous   family 

Ephydridae.    Paper  4.     (Trans.,  58,  1-34,  1932) 65 

965. — Painter  (R.  H.). — A  monographic  study  of  the  genus 
Geron  Meigen  as  it  occurs  in  the  United  States  (Bom- 
byliidae).  (Trans.,  58,  139-167,  2  pis.,  1932) 60 

ORTHOPTERA. 

964. — Rehn,    (J.    A.    G.).  —  New    or    little    known    Neotropical 

Blattidae,  No.  3.     (Trans.,  58,  103-137,  2  pis.,  1932) 75 

967. — Hebard  (Morgan). — New  species  and  records  of  Mexican 

-jDrthogtera.  JTrans.,  58,  201-371,  5  pis.,  1932) 3.50 

LEPIDOPTERA 

966. — Bell  (E.  L.). — Studies  in  the  genus  Phocides  with  descrip- 
tions of  new  species  (Hesperiidae).  (Trans.,  58,  169- 
199,  5  pis.,  1932)  75 

959. — Cadbury  (J.  W.) — A  new  form  of  Sphinx  gordius  (Sphing- 

idae.     (Trans.,  57,  319-320,  1  pi.,  1931)    20 

955. — Williams  &  Bell. — Hesperiidae  of  the  Forbes  Expedition 
to  Dutch  and  British  Guiana.  Two  New  Hesperids 
from  Ecuador.  (Trans.,  57,  249-290,  ill.,  1  col.  pi.,  1931)  1.25 

958.— Williams  (R.  C.)— Cuban  Hesperiidae.     (Trans.,  57,  SOS- 
SIS,  1  c.  pi.,  1931)    75 


wvy 


i 


*f>rc 


J  JJ 


Hi  A 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  LIBRARIES 


3  9088  00844  5421